Analysis of impedance matching network on LED novel driving system based on the wireless power

transfer
Ting Wang1,2,3,4, Xiansong Fu4, Jun Ma1,2.3, Teng Zhan1,2,3, Qinjin Wang1,2,3, Xiaoyan Yi1,2,3, Guohong Wang1,2,3,
Jinmin Li1,2,3, Ting Wang5
1. Research and Development Center for Solid State Lighting, Institute of Semiconductors, Chinese Academy of Sciences,
Beijing 100083, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Solid State Lighting, Beijing 100083, China
3. Beijing Engineering Research Center for the 3rd Generation Semiconductor Materials and Application, Beijing 100083
4. Key Laboratory of Advanced Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology, Tianjin Polytechnic University, Tianjin
300387, China
5. Avic Aerospace Life-Support Industries, Ltd, Hubei, 441003, China
15022153135@163.com, fuxians@163.com, spring@semi.ac.cn

Abstract
In this paper, we investigated the impact of impedance
matching network on transmission efficiency in LED novel
driving system based on wireless power transfer (WPT)
technology, which has the capability of transfer electrical
power from a power source to an electrical load without any
interconnecting wires. In order to improve the power transfer
ability of the WPT system, the impedance matching
technology was introduced in this work, and a magnetic
coupling resonance system was applied to the wireless driving
LED lighting system. Due to the flexibility of matching
network, the -type L-type matching networks were chosen for
source and load side, respectively. With the help of Smith
Software the value of the matching network can be calculated
directly. To confirm the effect of the impedance matching
circuit on the LED novel driving system, an actual circuit was
verified. The experiment results show that the efficiency of
WPT technology drive LED lighting system can be improved
from 40% to 85%. We believe that the WPT technology drive
LED lighting system will make these LED lighting products
more available, portable. This new technology will also gain
more and more attention in the global LED lighting market.
I Introduction
The research on wireless power transfer (WPT) technology
began since 1880s with the earliest experiment of WPT which
was performed by Nikola Tesla [1-6]. Alternating current of
50KHZ was adopted to lighten an incandescent at a distance
in 1899. Since then the idea of wireless power transfer (WPT)
has been the topic of research for over a century. The
development of WPT technology had been very slow for a
long time, until 2007, Marin Soljacic whom from
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) got a new
breakthrough. They use the power source of two meters away
lit a 60W light bulb [1-6]. This achievement promoted the
development of WPT technology with a big step.
During the past decades, with the rapid development of
semiconductor and integrated circuit technology, the
electronic devices came into our lives rapidly with a growing
number of electric wires [1]. These wires have seriously made
our life in disorder. The safety and reliability of these wires
become worse with longer duration of use. Besides, frequency
plug interface can also shrinkage the lifetime of electrical
equipment. Due to the limitations of wired power supply,
people began to look increasingly shift to wireless power.

Whereas, in LED lighting area, the combination of WPT

technology and LED is attracting more and more interest
recently. However, to date, the efficiency and power transfer
ability of the WPT system is so limited to widely apply.
Wireless power technology using magnetically coupled
resonator (MCR) is becoming more prevalent in common
applications that demand efficient wireless power delivery for
an entire volume of space.
In this paper we investigated the impact of impedance
matching network on transmission efficiency in LED novel
driving system based on WPT technology. A magnetic
coupling resonance system was applied to the wireless driving
LED lighting system [2]. Based on the coupled mode theory
(CMT), we established an equivalent circuit module which
contains the source, transmitting coil, receiving coil, load and
impedance matching network. The impedance matching
network are placed both on the source side and load side.
Each matching network provides a simultaneous conjugate
match to source and load impedances. The maximum power
transfer efficiency occurs at the resonance frequency [3].
With the help of Smith Software the type and value of the
impedance matching network can be designed. Finally, to
confirm the effect of the impedance matching circuit on the
LED novel driving system, an actual circuit was built.
II Theory of wireless power transfer system
A. Circuit module
In this section, based on the coupled mode theory we
establish a circuit module of WPT. Power can be transferred
from source to load without any wires between the two
resonance coils. As is shown in Fig.1, a WPT system
consisting of two magnetically coupled, resonant loops, M
represents the mutual inductance between two coils and
M12=M21=M. Rt, Rr represent parasitic resistance of coil1 and
coil2. Ct, Cr represents parasitic capacitance of coil1 and
coil2. I1, I2 represent the current of primary circuit and
secondary circuit, respectively. ZS represents the characteristic
impedance, and ZL is the impedance of the load.

Fig.1 Equivalent circuit of wireless power transfer system

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The wireless power transfer system can be regarded as a

two port network, the relationship between input and output
parameters are connected through Z matrix, as follow:
US Z 11 Z 12 I 1
(1)


UL Z 21 Z 22 I 2
We define Z11 as the self impedance of primary coil mesh, Z22
as the self impedance of secondary coil mesh. [4].
Z 11
Z 22
Z 12

US
1
RS  Rt  jwLt 
I1 I 2 0
jwCt
UL
1
RL  Rr  jwLr 
I 2 I1 0
jwCr
Z 21

jwM

(2)

added at the load side to match the load impedance [4]. The
target of our work is to complete conjugate matching to
maximize the efficiency of the WPT system.
Zin is the equivalent impedance which looking in from the
left side of the transmission coupling network, Zout is the
impedance which looking in from the right side of the
transmission coupling network and the parasitic capacitance
was ignored here.
Zin

(3)
(4)

S21 represent the forward transmission coefficient of the WPT

system and K S 21 2 .
S 21

2 Z 21 Z 0 ZL
( Z 11  Z 0)( Z 22  ZL)  Z 12 Z 21

Zout

(5)

2 jwM Z 0 ZL
1
1

2
2
w M  j ( wL1 
)  Z 0 j ( wL 2 
)  ZL
1
2
wC
wC

2 jwM Z 0 ZL
w 2 M 2  Z 0 ZL
2j
wM
Z 0 ZL

wM
Z 0 ZL

(6)

The maximum efficiency of the WPT system is expressed as:

(7)
4
2
K max S 21
2
wM
Z 0 ZL


wM
Z 0 ZL

The circuit of WPT system on LED novel driving system

can be simplified, as is shown in Fig.2.

Fig.2 Equivalent circuit of wireless power transfer system

with impedance matching network
The LC parallel resonance was used to generate a high
frequency oscillation. The rectifier bridge was added at the
behind of receiving coil, which can make the alternating
current became direct current so that the LED lamps can be
lighted. In order to improve the frequency adaptively ability of
the WPT system at a distance the source impedance matching
network was added on the source side to match the source
impedance, and the load impedance matching network was

Zin*, ZL

Zout *

(9)

(10)

When the WPT system works at the LC resonance

situation and the WPT system fit the condition of equation
(10) the source side and load side can complete conjugate
impedance matching and the power can be transformed from
source to load effectively [4].
B. Analysis of impedance matching network
The common seen impedance matching network contains
that L-type, -type, T-type and multi-stage matching network.
L-type network is simple in structure, because the quality of
the L-type network cannot adjustable it always used at the
narrow band frequency occasion. T-type and -type network
have simple structure, because the quality can be adjustable
within a certain range, they are always used at the narrow band
frequency or wide band frequency. The multi-stage matching
network is complex both in structure and design, which is
always used at the wide band frequency occasion.
In this work, the LED novel driving WPT systems contains
source impedance matching network and load impedance
matching network. In order to improve the band adaptively
ability of the WPT system, -type matching network was
designed to match the 50 source, and L-type matching
network was designed to match the 5 load. As is shown in
Fig.3(a) and Fig.3(b).
(a)
(b)

Fig.3 (a) -type matching network for the load side, (b) L-type
matching network for the source side
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( wM ) 2
 ZL
Z 11
Lr
Rr
j
( wM ) 2
1
Cr
wCr
[ Rt  j ( wLt 
)]

1
Lt
Rt
t
wC
)
j
Rr  j ( wLr 
wCr
Ct
wCt

(8)

Z 22 

Zs

When the WPT system works at the resonance situation, S21

can be simplified as:
S 21

( wM ) 2
 ZS
Z 22
Lt
Rt
j
( wM ) 2
1
Ct
wCt
[ Rr  j ( wLr 
)]

1
Lr
Rr
wCr
j
)
Rt  j ( wLt 
wCt
Cr
wCr

Z 11 

In this work, the working frequency of the WPT system

is 133KHZ, the value of L1 and L2 are 14.7uH, R1 and R2 are
0.5 , the coupling coefficient of k is 0.3. When the system
works at the resonance condition, put these parameters into
equation (5) and equation (6), Zin and Zout can be worked
out: Zin 23739.32  57770.64 j , Zout 17008.94  4582.8 j ,
and Zs Zin*, ZL Zout * . By means of the smith software [5],
the value of -type matching network can be designed, as is
shown in Fig.4, C1 = 23.5nF, L1 = 1.5mH, C2=1nF.

Fig.6 Efficiency vs. frequency and coupling coefficient, (a)

The efficiency of WPT system without impedance matching
network, (b) The efficiency of WPT system with impedance
matching network
The simulation result show that the efficiency of WPT
system on LED novel driving system can be improved from
40% to 85% after the impedance matching network was
designed at the system. Fig.6 (b) also shows the maximum
possible efficiency occurs at the frequency of 150KHZ
nearby, which consistent with the resonance frequency. When
the frequency of the WPT system under or exceed the
resonance frequency drastically, the energy coupling ability of
the system will become weak.


Fig.4 The source side impedance matching line and the value
of -type impedance matching network
The value of L-type matching network is shown in Fig.5,
L2=364.5uH, C5=3.9nF.

Fig.5 The load side impedance matching line and the value of
L-type impedance matching network

(b)

B. Testing result
In this section, we made a PCB of transmission circuit and
built a breadboard of receiving circuit to demonstrate the
proposed impedance matching network. Fig.7 shows the
photographs of experimental.
The DC source meter (KEITHLEY 2602B ) was used to
supply 24V voltage power and the 555 timer was used to
generator a 133KHZ clock pulse signal. In this circuit, the
transmitting coil and receiving coil were made with 14.7uH
value. Three branches LED lamps which located at the right of
the receiving coil were used to check the power transmission
phenomena.

III Simulation and Experiment to confirm the impedance

matching theory
A. Simulation result
In this section, we establish a circuit simulation module
through Matlab to observe the influence of impedance
matching network on WPT system. Fig.6 displays the
experimental efficiency as a function of frequency and
coupling coefficient of k. By testing the efficiency of the WPT
system before and after impedance matching, one can truly see
the effect of impedance matching on LED driving system.
(a)
Fig.7 Photograph of LED novel driving system based on the
wireless power transfer
In order to confirm the influence of impedance matching
network on the WPT system, the Agilent oscilloscope was
used to measure the terminal waveform of the receiving coil.
By observing the change of coil waveform we can research the
influence of impedance matching network on the LED novel
driving system [5].
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(a)

(b)

Fig.8(a) The waveform of receive coil without impedance

matching network on the circuit, Fig.8(b) The
waveform of receive coil when add the impedance
matching network on the circuit
As is shown, the working frequency of the WPT system is
126.7KHZ and 115.4KHZ in Fig.8 (a) and Fig.8 (b)
respectively. We can find that the maximum power transfer off
the center of the resonance frequency, this phenomenon can be
illustrated as frequency division. In Fig.8 (b), compared with
the circuit without the impedance matching network in Fig.8
(a), the peak to peak voltage of the receive coil is increased
from 17.1V to 40.2V, the intensity of the LED lamps also
improved greatly, we can believe that the measured results
agreed with the simulation results.

Acknowledge
This work was supported by the National Natural Science
Foundation of China (Grant No. 61404129).
References
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3. Kim, Jin Wook, et al. "Efficiency Analysis of Magnetic
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4. Heebl, Jason D., et al. "Comprehensive Analysis and
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IV Conclusions
In this paper, the impedance matching technology is
explored for increasing the efficiency and power transmission
ability of wireless power transfer (WPT) systems on LED
novel driving system. The theoretical calculations have a good
agreement with the measured result. The experiment results
show that compared to the system without the impedance
matching network the power transfer ability of the system is
improved considerably. It also shown that impedance
matching network in the LED novel driving system can
significantly improve the efficiency of the WPT system. The
maximum efficiencies can be achieved using the impedance
matching network compared those without it. We believe that
this new technology on the LED novel driving system has a
good market prospects. The wireless driving LED products
will become more reliable, convenient and more available
which will promote the use of wireless driving LED lighting.
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