INFLUENZA

In addition to Streptococcus pneumonia and Hemophilus influenzae what is the most common etiologic
agent of secondary bacterial pneumonia following acute influenza?ANSWER: Staphylococcus aureus
Measure to reduce the side effects of nausea and vomiting with the intake of Oseltamivir. ANSWER:
Administer with food
What is the recommenced treatment for Respiratory Syncytial Virus infection in children? ANSWER:
Ribavirin
The surface glycoprotein of the influenza virus, which is responsible for the binding of the sialic acid
receptors of the host cell? HEMAGLUTININ
Valvular heart disease which is associated with higher occurrence of primary influenza viral pneumonia in
cardiac patients? MITRAL STENOSIS
If there is leukocytosis with influenza infection, what type of organisms could be causing it? BACTERIAL
INFECTION
15. Give one antiviral agent which can be used as treatment and prophylaxis for both flu A and B?
OSELTAMIVIR
Vaccine which should not be given to patients with history of hypersensitivity to egg. INFLUENZA
VACCINE
Current recommended antiviral therapy for type A and B influenza. OSELTAMIVIR
What is the surface glycoprotein in flu which is responsible for binding to sialic acid receptors?
HEMAGGLUTININ (H)
Which antigenic variation leads to pandemics? ANTIGENIC SHIFT
Give one pathogen that is responsible for secondary bacterial pneumonia. S. pneumonia, S. aureus,
H.influenzae
T/F: Chemoprophylactic antivirals against flu should not be co-administered with live attenuated flu
vaccine. TRUE
Antigenic shift that caused pandemic: H1N1-H2N2
1st indication for community influenza activity: Increase in # of children seeking consultation
Least common but most severe complication of influenza: Primary influenza viral pneumonia
When do you use chemoprophylaxis over vaccination: increased risk individual, no vaccine,
vaccinated by ineffective
What drug is used for the prevention of Influenza: Oseltamivir
Aerosolized ribavirin is given in which sets of patients premature infants, bronchopulmonary
dysplasia, cardiovascular diseases, or immunosuppression
(Common Respiratory viruses)
Immunity to parainfluenza virus is mediated by which antibody IgA
Characteristic histologic finding in pharyngoconjunctival fever bilateral conjunctivitis with
granuloma or palpebral conjunctiva
(from Common Respiratory viruses)

Pandemic influenza is brought about by major influenza called Antigenic Shift

Primary viral pneumonia is the most severe complication and its predilection to what cardiac predilection
mitral stenosis
Drug which is currently recurrently recommended as influenza prophylaxis oseltamivir or zanamivir
Antigenic change in influenza virus that causes pandemics Antigenic Shift
First sign of influenza outbreak Increased number of children admitted
MOA of Oseltamivir Neuraminidase inhibitor
Which subtype of parainfluenza virus causes LTB or croup?- TYPE 1
The treatment of choice for human metapneumovirus. SUPPORTIVE
Of the 2 glycoproteins in flu, which is responsible for binding to the cell surface.HEMAGGLUTININ (vs. neuraminidase- for fusion)
Major antigenic variation of influenza virus which is responsible for the onset of pandemics.- ANTIGENIC
SHIFT
Aside for Strep and Staph, what other bacteria can cause secondary pneumonia.- HAEMOPHILUS
INFLUENZA.
A syndrome of acute encephalopathy and hepatic failure often associated with intake of this drug.ASPIRIN (Reyes syndrome)
Oral prophylactic therapeutic agent for Influenza B virus only.- OSELTAMIVIR, ZANAMIVIR,
NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS

The surface glycoprotein of the influenza virus, which is responsible for the binding of the sialic acid
receptors of the host cell? HEMAGLUTININ
Antigenic variation of the flu virus responsible for the occurrence pandemics? ANTIGENIC SHIFT
Valvular heart disease which is associated with higher occurrence of primary influenza viral pneumonia in
cardiac patients? MITRAL STENOSIS
If there is leukocytosis with influenza infection, what type of organisms could be causing it? BACTERIAL
INFECTION
Give one antiviral agent which can be used as treatment and prophylaxis for both flu A and B?
OSELTAMIVIR
Influenza: Immune response to this GP, best determinant of protection H antigen
Primary influenza virus pneumonia Mitral stenosis
Chemoprophylaxis to influenza Oseltamivir
Secondary bacterial pneumonia S.pneumoniae, S. aureus, H. influenza
SARS receptor ACE2 receptor
RSV tx None
Croup Parainfluenza

Virus commonly manifest as croup Parainfluenza

Molecule which serve as receptor for influenza Sialic acid
Antigen Hemaglutinin
Pandemic influenza brought about by major influenza called Antigenic shift
Basis for influenza typing of A and B nucleoprotein and carbohydrates
Influenze B no antigenic shift true
Influenza epidemic starts with- increase disease in children with recurrent infections in the
community
In Phils. Influenza occurs all year round
Indication for influenza vaccine = Asplenic patients with heart and pulmonary problems,
healthcare worker
Serious complication of influenza + aspirin use = Reyes Syndrome
Most common cause of viral croup in children = Parainfluenza virus type 1
Most severe but uncommon complication of influenza = Primary influenza viral pneumonia
One of the most common pathogen that causes secondary bacterial pneumonia underlying influenza =
Streptococcus pneumonia
Drug for Influenza A and B = Oseltamivir
Influenza antigenic variation that causes pandemic antigenic shift
Indication of influenza activity in community Inc. number of children with febrile resp. illness who
present for medical attention, inc, rates of influenza-like illness among adults, inc. hospital
admissions for patients with pneumonia/worsened CHF/exacerbation of COPD, inc. rates of absence
from work and school (late observation: inc. number of deaths by pneumonia and influenza
Most severe complication of influenza primary influenza viral pneumonia
Allergy to ___ is contraindxd for flu vaccine Eggs
Who should receive influenza vaccinations? Give 2 - elderly, immunocompromised, health care
workers