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ABSTRACT
Article History:
Any tribe or tribal community or part of or group within any tribe or tribal
Received on:
2 May 2012
Accepted in revised form on:
9 September 2012
Available online on and from:
13 October 2012
community as deemed under Article 342 is Scheduled Tribe for the purpose of the
Keywords:
Scheduled Tribe
Demographic Profile
Productivity
Deprivation
Level of Poverty
Indian Constitution. Like others, tribal society is not quite static, but dynamic;
however, the rate of change in tribal societies is rather slow. That is why they have
remained relatively poor and backward compared to others; hence, attempts have
been made by the Government to develop them since independence. Still, even
after so many years of numerous attempts the condition of tribals in Jharkhand
presents one of deprivation rather than development. The 2011 Human
Development Report argues that the urgent global challenges of sustainability and
equity must be addressed together and identifies policies on the national and
global level that could spur mutually reinforcing progress towards these
interlinked goals. Bold action is needed on both fronts for the sustained progress
in human development for the benefit of future generations as well as for those
living today. All these have been addressed in the present article.
Published by IJSS
Introduction
Jharkhand, the 28th state of India was carved out
population is 26.30%.
Jharkhand
contributes
8.4%
ST
exploitation.
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
Rationale
Objectives
Levels of Poverty
27
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 34
Singhbhum,
Hazaribagh.
to
20-21%
in
Dhanbad
and
34.01
2.71
10.51
14.81
19.62
Fig.2
Jharkhand
Punjab
Bihar
2001-02
25994
10360
5972
2002-03
26065
10571
6634
2003-04
26955
11144
6158
2004-05
28119
14343
6771
2005-06
29887
14990
6610
Source: Directorate for Economics and Statistics of respective State Govt and Central Statistical Organisation
State
ST(%)
SC(%)
OBC(%)
OTHERS(%)
ALL(%)
Jharkhand
54
58
40
36.9
46.2
All-India
45
37
25.8
17.5
28.1
Source: Directorate for Economics and Statistics of respective State Govt and Central Statistical Organisation
28
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
Fig. 3
of
poverty,
thus
and
nature
marginalized
(shy)
to
vicious
goes
Status of Education
intergenerational
primary
solated
from
the
This is particularly
total
29
tribal
population
attend
educational
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
households.
Work participation is more in rural areas
population
indicating
unemployment.
Urban
the
area
disguised
reflects
more
difference.
level
in
dependent
on
combinations
of
case
work
of
participation
females
largely
reflect
due
to
less
poor
of
main workers.
30
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
than
their
urban
counterparts.
Rate (>40.67%)
60.76
52.46
51.01
48.93
47.91
45.86
44.02
43.68
42.48
41.51
40.17
39.16
38.94
38.78
37.89
36.43
Communities
Rate (<40.67%)
Kora
Santhal
Bathudi
Birjia
Kharwar
Asur
Kisan
Banjara
Sauria Paharia
Mal Paharia
Savar
Birhor
Baiga
Korwa
Paharia
Source: Directorate for Economics and Statistics of respective State Govt and Central Statistical Organisation
31
35.05
33.42
33.26
31.22
29.60
29.10
29.08
23.47
21.70
20.90
18.06
17.55
17.34
14.29
12.59
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
Fig. 5: Percentage of Worker and Main Workers among STs in Jharkhand, 2001
Table 4: Occupational Pattern of Tribes, Jharkhand, 2001
Community
Asur
Baiga
Banjara
Bathudi
Bedia
Binjhia
Birhor
Birjia
Bhumij
Chero
Chik Baraik
Gond
Gorait
Ho
Karmali
Kharia
Kharwar
Khond
Kisan
Kora
Korwa
Lohra
Mahli
Mal Paharia
Munda
Oraon
Pahariya
Santhal
Saura Paharia
Savar
Generic Trib
Cultivators
76.21
47.28
40.96
9.83
66.05
86.59
10.34
53.75
45.68
53.85
67.43
62.43
32.16
59.99
23.13
78.62
67.02
1.69
76.37
29.38
41.38
32.37
15.46
47.54
73.40
69.61
33.80
58.86
63.63
2.72
42.81
Agri.
Labourers
5.22
36.10
42.17
78.98
12.45
5.86
19.42
24.72
29.93
29.09
13.44
14.53
26.39
18.98
19.48
11.19
23.63
0
13.26
33.62
44.03
20.03
8.56
32.91
10.43
10.30
36.68
24.73
18.29
60.76
17.29
HH Industry
1.28
2.94
3.61
0.68
1.17
0.66
39.55
15.36
1.81
1.78
1.95
3.37
2.74
3.19
11.23
0.83
0.87
1.69
0.94
4.11
4.41
18.82
59.90
2.40
1.21
0.84
17.00
0.98
0.38
5.77
5.39
Others
17.29
14.68
13.25
10.51
20.33
6.89
30.69
6.18
22.57
15.29
17.17
19.68
38.71
17.84
46.16
9.36
8.48
96.61
9.45
32.89
10.19
28.77
16.08
17.15
14.96
19.26
12.52
15.42
18.69
30.75
34.72
Source: Directorate for Economics and Statistics of respective State Govt and Central Statistical Organisation
32
Primary
Sector
81.43
82.38
83.13
88.81
78.50
92.44
29.76
78.46
75.61
82.94
80.88
76.96
58.55
78.98
42.61
89.81
90.65
1.69
89.62
63.00
85.41
52.40
24.02
80.45
83.83
79.90
70.48
83.59
80.92
63.48
60.10
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
Conclusion
However,
high
96.6%
other
petty jobs.
micro level.
Mahli
workers.
and
There
Birhor
are
have
some
References
Jharkhand-Data
Highlights:
Scheduled
(2001),
1.
Tribes
The
Office
of
3. Pratham
Education
(2007):
Report
Annual
Status
(Retrieved
on
of
14
Indian Journal of Spatial Science Vol - 3.0 No. 2 Winter Issue 2012 pp26 - 34
August
2008
from
4. PROBE
http://w.w.w.pratham.org/aserrep.php
(1999):
Report
on
Basic
34