1) what is AUSREP ? From which place you send this report ?

2) Type of position reporting system ?

3) Var 2E C Error 10W Cal deviation ? Deviation and its need ?
4) signal for abandon ship is der ny other signal onboard except Gen. Emrgy
alarm nd master v
chandraspaul | COMMENT | 1 FOLLOW
5) How many team are there for any emergency on board ?
6) Lookout and meaning of all available means ?
7) Difference between EGC and ECDIS
8) Card no 52 ? How it differ from anchor light of a vessel ?
9) own v/l PD target vsl-PD crossing frm port side range-8miles action nd by
whch rule quote
10) 5 miles u saw R-W-R lt in a vertical line. Identify vsl ROC exist action.
11) RV vsl at stbd quarter ROC exist action? He placed another vsl to port
action ?
12) IAMSAR search pattern ? Diagram of sector search
13) what is wheel over position?
14) storm signals
15) controls of autopilot?
You are NUC vessel, RAM vessel approaching and risk of collision exit, your
action ?

AS NUC AND RAM ARE CONSIDERED HAMPERED VESSEL,SINCE BOTH ARE AT

RISK OF COLLISION ,BOTH VESSEL SHOULD REDUCE HER SPEED, STOP AND
REVERSE HER PROPULSION BUT IT MAY BE RELAXED TO RAM DUE HER
DISPLACEMENT.
17) You are heading North and you see a East Cardinal mark right ahead.
Action ?

one short blast n broad alteration to stbd...

18) How to calculate depth when you got zero line adjustment error in echo
sounder ?
19) What is Yaw control ?

it is basically a weather control...whch is adjusted by keepin higher value in

heavy weather n strong winds and smaller value in calm ses...
Ravi Kumar | 8 months ago| REPLY
20) Action seeing a rocket parachute on 3 points to stbd ?

Log down...inform master ...notify nearest coast station..prepare engine for

maneuvering..plot position..chck any notices or warning issued ,radio watch
on vhf n mf/hf..consider xtra lookout..crew to prepare for rescue..rescue party
notified ..prepare hospital..once cnfrmed n adviced by CRS proceed fr rescue
and follw der order!!

21) Course Recorder ?

22) How is turning circle helpful to you ?

it provides d maneuvering characteristics of d vsl in prevailin circumstnces n

condition...n hlps OOW in taking timely action to avoid collision n strandin
23) What is Long by Chron ?

it is one of d method for obtainin fix by usin celestial objects..long by chron

basially provides observed long of d fix whch is PL for d fix obtained...
24) Leading Lights ?

dis is a type of light signal used basically in narrow channels and followed by
vsl to keep herslf on a track so as to avoid groundin...basically it is very hlpful
in coastal navigation...

25) Limitations on ECDIS ?

failure to update charts

hardware failure
software failure
datum shift
Imp. alarms nt set..
over reliance on ecdis
Input from various equipmnts like gyro gps etc nt proper..
can be affected by viruses;
ENCs does not have worldwide coverage;
sudden power failure may hamper navigation in serious stage;
if any interface fails it will provide wrong information.
26) You are exactly 22.5 degrees abaft of another vsl. Action ?

then you are a overtaking vessel. take actions according to rule 13

rule says, when coming up more than 22.5 deg abaft beam...
27) NAVTEX ?
28) Do you get Piracy message on Navtex ?

yes we get paricy message on navtex

29) How to do Chart Correction ?
30) How will u make a passage plan from Mumbai to Southampton ?
31) SITUATION - crossing of Fishing Vessel Port Bow ?

if roc exists ...2 shrt blast ..alter braod to port

32) SITUATION - Restricted Visibilty heard fog signal on forward. Action ?

determine by radar if risk of collision exist, if no reduce your speed so that u

can maintain your course and navigate with extreme caution until danger is
over
34) What is bilging ?
35) What will happen if bottom plate of a fully filled DB tank is holed ?
36) Pyrotechniques on bridge ?

12 rocket parachute flares

37) How will you check ship is seaworthy ?
38) DSC frequencies ?
39) How will you use magnetic compass if GYRO fails ?
40) Power failure in Restricted Visibilty. What action ?

42) Transverse Thrust ?

42) "C" Correction ?
43) Weather bulletin ?
44) What is power failure. You are on watch for 1st time as 3rd off what all
actions will you take ?
45) Steering failure action ?
46) How will you know if steering has failed ?
47) What are NFU and FU modes in steering ?
48) How to overtake in narrow channel,TSS and RV ?
49) You Power Driven V/L in TSS overtaking another Power Driven V/L shoal
patch what precautions will you take ?

50) Llights and Shapes of RAM , dredger ?

Q. 51) Own Power Driven V/L . You see RAM Dredger 5nm ahead state your
actions ?
52) In narrow channel why will you sound 1 prolonged blast if intervening
obstruction exists ?

to indicate d presence of ur vsl to other vsl whch is nt visible cuz of

obstruction or bend of channel.
53) Contents of Weekly Notices to mariners ?
54) How many sections are there in Weekly Notices to Mariners ?
55) What are hydrographic notes ?
56) How will you correct nautical almanac and 5011 chart abbreviation and
symbols ?
57) Contents of cumlative admirality notices to Mariners ?
58) Contents of Annual admirality notices to Mariners ?
59) Vertical and horizontal separation of CBD RAM for lengths <20 and
>20mts in length
60) Fishing vsl anchored in RV sound signals ?

1 prolonged blst followed by 2 shrt blsts...

61) Trawler vsl RV sound signal ?
62) Emergency wreck buoy isolated danger mark ?
63) Any 10 ROR distress signals as per annex 4 ?
64) Flags November and Charlie. What they stand for and draw them.
65) Tactical Diameter ?
66) Drift Angle ?

The horizontal angle between

the axis of a ship and the

tangent to its path.
67) Squat and its factors ?
68) What is barometric tendency ?

change of pressure in last 3 three hours calculated by using d moving needle

69) What is a tidal diamond what is its use ?

Tidal diamond is a symbol used on chart whch indicates by means of its

reference in a table provided on chart;d set n drift of current at a particular
time...basically so n so hrs before high water n so n so hrs after high
water..interpolation is to be carried out to get set n drift at particular tym..
70) What are tidal streams and admirality Co-Atlases ?
71) Chart symbols for tidal rips, wreck and drying heights ?
72) GYRO failure your actions ?
73) What is the UKC ?

Under Keel Clearance (UKC) is the distance between the deepest point of the
vessels hull and the sea bed.
What do you mean by Squat ?

The squat effect is the hydrodynamic phenomenon by which a vessel moving

quickly through shallow water creates an area of lowered pressure that
causes the ship to be closer to the seabed than would otherwise be expected.
This phenomenon is caused when water that should normally flow under the
hull encounters resistance due to the close proximity of the hull to the
seabed. This causes the water to move faster, creating a low-pressure area
with lowered water level surface
75) how will you fix position by V.S.A?
76) In which month sun is nearest to the earth?

77) lights of towing, towed, pushing nd pushed vessel?

78) user clock error and how will you accompany for it?
79) what is pythagorous error and why it is most dangerous?
80) what is g.d.o.p?

geometric dilution of precision

81) what are tidal streams and what are ebb and flood tide?
sunnykapoor94 | COMMENT | 1 FOLLOW
82) how will you calculate search area ?
sunnykapoor94 | COMMENT | 1 FOLLOW
83) how will you measure viibilty @night without radar or any other source
nearby?
84) what is janus configuration?
85) principle of ais and time scheme?
86) what will you do on seing a SONO bouy ?
87) what does a submarine do when in distress?

submarines are fitted with submarine indicating buoys fore and aft .....in
distress these buoys are released which indicates the position of the
submarine.....the length of the line is 1000 mts.
88) horizontal sector of light..how far they extend in fwd and abaft beam
direction?
89) Flag NC ....

distress signal flag anexx iv

90) Responcibilty between fishing vessel , sailing vsl , P.D vessel , ram , nuc
and cbd

91) duties as 2 officer during boat drill

92) tricing pendent and bowsing tackle

tricing pendant is to secure boat when all the other lashings are removed to
restrict swinging of boat.
bowsing in tackle is akind of 3 fold purchase made of manila rope to secure
the boat along the embarkation deck to restrict swinging while lowering
93) cargo cal in a oil tanker
94) servcing of liferaft (duration )
95) A crew on board gets heart attack ( action as medical officer on board )

IF CONSCIOUS THEN GIVE SALINE TO REDUCE BP AS FIRST AID N THEN

COMMENCE WID EMERGENCY EVACUATION IF NT POSSIBLE THEN TAKE RADIO
MEDICAL ADVICE N DO ACCORDINGLY.
IF UNCONSCIOUS THEN CHECK ABC N GIVE CPR ASAP.ALSO PREPARE TO
EVACUATE HIM NECESSARILY ALSO KEEP TAKING RADIO MEDICAL ADVICE IN
TANDEM.
96) quote rule 19 d
97) oil discharge criteria in oil tanker both from cargo and machinery area
98) funtctional test of SCBA
99) HOW WILL U TAKE A SIGHT?
100) CONTROLS AND SELECTING SWITCHES IN ECHOSOUNDER,
AUTOPILOT,COURSE RECORDER?

echo sounder-range selector knob, paper speed, stylus speed,sensitivity or

gain, fix marker, change over sensor, panel brill.

auto pilot-course selector, rudder control, counter rudder, yaw,permanent

helm, speed, rudder limit, off course alarm,syn. control, auto/follow up/non
follow up, dimmer
course recorder- on -off switch , bulb,

101) QOTE RULE NO 8 , 18,19?

102) COMPASS ERROR AND HOW WILL U CHECK ERROR IF GYRO REPEATERS
FAIL?
103) FISHING VESSEL LIGHT?

all round light.upper is red and lower white in vertical line

if making way side light and asern light
and out laying extsnding more than 150 m in horizontal direction all round
white light toward the gear

104) HOW WILL U DETERMINE NOON POSSITION?

105) WAT IS MEAN BY COMPARE COMPASSES

onboard vr comparing the gyro comp wth magnetic cmps , by wch v get co
eror wch v can apply to magnetic hdg wen gyro fails , thats why vr comparing
compasse for evry 4 hrs ! so u ca get error & by knowing the variation u could
get deviation of magnetic compass !
106) IN OIL TANKER OIL IS LEAKING WAT IS OUR FIRST ACTON

at first notice of oil leak,we have to shout,use saw dust,drip trays to prevent
leak to enter in to sea,and then find the solution from the leak is,and take the
action
107) what do you understand by GHA, SHA and first point of aries

gha-it is angle at celestial pole contined between celestial meridain passing

through greenwich and observer measured westerly.
sha-it is westerly anle at celestial pole measured between first point of aries
and observer.
first point of aries-when ecliptic cross equinoctial from south to norrth it
intersect equinoctial call first point of aries.
108) how many volumes of tide tables are there? name all?
109) how to calculate tides of primary and secondary port , write the
procedure?
110) are the tide curve graph for all port same or different.? which volume
has different?

volume 1 graph is different for each port

111) what do you understand by precession of equinoxes?

it is westwrd movement of first point of aries and libra due to sun moon
gravitaional pull on earth.
112) situation- RV two vessels observing on radar alone, one finds other on
the the port quarter. take action on both the vessels.!
113) what is RULE no.4?

rule number 4 is applications ,, which states that all the rules contained in the
section 1 of part b of colregs apply to all the vessels in any condition of
visiblity,,,,,

RULE 4
Application.

Rules in this section apply in any condition of visibility.

Or, to put it another way, the minute you go out on any water covered by the
Regulations, Rules 5-10 apply regardless.
114) a vsl of 100m length, which ran aground in RV ,you hv 2 go fwd for the
ringing of bell, what will you do ? how to start?

wat does that means.??u have to go fwd for ringing the bell..bit unclear..plz
xplain..
Asim dey | 2 years ago| REPLY

well in this case the bell was suppose to be operated manually by a person,,
from the location,,

this will be 3short rings followed by contant ringing of the bell for 5 sec and
then again 3 short rings followed by a gong in the aft part of the vessel
115) what are all the additional precautions you will take into account for
determining the safe speed of ur vsl with operational RADAR?

all as per rule number 6 safe speed part b..

(i) the characteristics, efficiency and limitations of the radar equipment;

(ii) any constraints imposed by the radar range scale in use;
(iii) the effect on radar detection of the sea state, weather and other sources
of interference;
(iv) the possibility that small vessels, ice and other floating objects may not
be detected by radar at an adequate range;
(v) the number, location and movement of vessels detected by radar;

(vi) the more exact assessment of the visibility that may be possible when
radar is used to determine the range of vessels or other objects in the
vicinity.

Every vessel: This point may have special significance with respect to vessels
constrained by their draught (CBD) or restricted in their ability to manoeuvre
(RAM), which may not be justified in maintaining a high speed when other
vessels are in close proximity, because of their limited manoeuvrability.

Safe Speed: This is intended to be a used in a relative sense. If a ship is

involved in a collision, it does not necessarily follow that she was going too
fast. In clear visibility, collisions can generally be attributed to a bad lookout
or to wrong decisions and actions subsequent to detection, rather than to a
high speed.

At all times: A relatively high speed might be accepted as being initially safe
for a vessel using radar in Restricted Visibility in open waters, provided
prompt action is taken to bring the speed down, when radar information
shows this to be necessary. Remember, as OOW, the engines are at your
disposal and you do not necessarily need to call the Master first. However,
timely warning to the ER should be given whenever possible. In order to
maintain a safe speed at all times, a continuous appraisal of changes in
circumstances and conditions should be made and any necessary alteration
of speed must be instantly put into effect.

Proper and Effective Action: A vessel may be unable to take proper and
effective action due to the speed being too high, or in some circumstances,
too low.

There are some acronyms, which may help you to remember the order and
important words of both paragraphs (a) and (b) of this Rule. These are better
discussed in class or on board ship, rather than printed!
116) Show fog signal of a vessel aground by banging on the table?

117) how many types of MSI notices are there

118) What are errors of echo sounder?

velocity of propagation in water, stylus speed error, pythagoras error,

multiple echoes, thermal and density layers, zero line adjustment error, cross
noise, Aeration.
Arunkumar Moorthy | 3 years ago| REPLY

VELOCITY ERROR
DRAFT ERROR
CROSS NOISE
TRANSMISSION ERROR
MULTIPLE ECHO
FALSE ECHO
119) What are the errors of sextant?

Sextant Errors are of 2 Types:

1) Adjustable error,
2) Non Adjustable errors
1)Adjustable errors:
a)error of perpendicularity,
b)Index error,
c)Side error,
d)Error of collimination
2)Non adjustable Errors:
a)Graduation Error,
b)Shade Error,

c)Optical Error,
d)convex Error..

in addition there are some non-adjustable erroes

graduation error,shade error,optical error, prismatic error,telescopic error

INDEX ERROR
ERROR OF PERPENDICULARITY
COLLIMINATION ERROR
SIDE ERROR
120) what is TRS?

Tropical Revolving Storms which forms in Tropical regions. Northern

hemisphere it moves towards north and vice versa in Southern hemisphere.

120) How do u know TRS has formed?

SWELL
ATMOSPHRIC PRESSURE DECRSIN
WIND INCRESE
LIGHTINING
SATELITE IMAGE
122) What are the differences between Raster and Vector charts?

raster chart is the photo copy of the paper chart,vector chart is electronic
form of chart
123) How do take a sight?

using instruments like sextant..with some simple navigational calculations...

124) what is the Visible Horizon?

bounding the observer field of vision at sea

IT BOUNDS THE VISIBILITY OF THE OBSERVER AT SEA

125) What are the errors of mercury Barometer?

capillarity,capacity,pumping,parallax.
126) Situations: When U r entering TSS and found a vessel crossing from U r
port bow action?

take the series of brg if risk of collision does not exist the maintain co and
speed if roc exist the i will give five sort and rapid blast, check nav lights,
inform master,inform engine room,put helms men and still she is not taking
an action then one short blasta/co to stbd if depth available or reduce speed

if the cpa matters , and collision cant be avoided by the give way vsl alone
then i will alter other wise , maintain co and speed.
127) Code the rule No1 & 38

CODE AS PER ROR... THATS IT..

128) How do take bearings when approaching a hourbor or berth?

BY A FIXED OBJECT OR A SHARP BEND

LEADING LIGHTS

129) What do mean By Drop Anchor By Foot

DROP AN ANCHOR UNDERFOOT: LETTING AN ANCHOR GO TO THE BOTTOM,

THEN HOLDINGON TO THE BRAKE. THIS IS SOMETIMES DONT TO STEADY THE
SHIPS HEAD AND PREVENT HER FROM YAWING ABOUT WHEN LYING TO A
SINGLE ANCHOR
130) What is WIG craft, what is Surface effect action

Principle
A wing generates lift, in part, due to the difference in air pressure gradients
on the wing surfaces: both upper and lower. During normal flight, the upper
wing surface experiences reduced static air pressure and the lower surface
comparatively higher static pressure. In normal flight, these air pressure
differences also accelerate the mass of air downwards balancing momentum.
However kinetic energy is proportional to the square of the velocity so
designers aim to minimize the accelerated air velocities to reduce wasted
energy in both the downward mass acceleration and wingtip vortices. Flying
close to a surface increases air pressure on the lower wing surface (the ram
or cushion effect) and decreases air acceleration so the ground effect
improves the aircraft lift to drag ratios in two ways. Momentum is still
balanced because the air pressure beneath the wing is pressing on the
underlying surfacethe water or flat land.

Fog signal for vsl aground, if more than 100 mts in length

three seperate and distinct strokes ring the bell rapidly for about 5seconds in
fore part of the vsl and three seperate and distinct strokes and gong shall be
sounded rapidly for about 5second in the after part of the vsl and three
seperate and distinct strokes.
132) What is Phasing and ranging wrt Echo Sounder

PHASING:phasing is a method in echo sounder to determine the depth of

water where the speed of stylus changed but scale is constant

Phasing:
Phasing is a method used in echo sounder to determine depth of the sea
bottom. In this method the speed of the stylus is kept constant and the range
scale is changed from 0-100 mtrs , 100-200 mtrs , 200-300 mtrs and so on. It
is important that the echo sounder range changed and regularly checked.

Ranging:
Ranging is technique were the scale of the echo sounder is kept constant and
the stylus is varied according to the depth scale chose. E.g.- 0-100, 0-200, 0300 mtrs ans so on
133) What is Raster Charts, Vectors Charts, which is better and why

as it is in vector charts info stored in layers so u can select the reqd info
which v cant do on vecor charts .

raster charts are copy of paper charts whereas vector charts are electronic
charts.

Vector charts are more advantageous than raster chart because vector chart
enables user to select many alarms, such as depth alarms, various modes
such as head up and north up, Zooming facility, Add or remove the data
required.

134) Quote Rule 19, Rule 37 and Annex 4

a gun or other explosive fired

a cont sounding of fog signal
rockets or shells
n.c. flag
mayday

sos
ball, square ,ball
flames, smoke signal, raising lowering of arms
135) There is a Blackout on vsl, take actions

DNT TAKE ANY ACTION.JUST AVOID COLLISION

AFTER 45 SECS EMGCY GEN STARTS
136) Ur vsl is in TSS, CBD, u see a PD vsl on ur port bow, take action

cbd means her draft is restricted by the available depth and width of the nav.
water.she cant alter the co she is following. so, reduce speed,call the other
vsl on vhf,inform master,inform vts

reduce speed
attract atension
inform vts
inform master

Rule no:18 says clearly that it does not apply in TSS,NARROW CHANNEL,OVER
TAKING.I'll alert him with 5 rapid and short blast and if further Risk of collision
exist I'll take action as per Rule 2&8

maitain course and speed as per ror rule 18(d)

137) What is Barograph, Barogram? What does curved lines in Barogram
Indicate? What enteries r to be made on barogram?

the chrt in barograph is called barogram, changes in pressure are recorded

without lapse in tym

barograph is aneroid berometerwhich measuresd contonuous record of

pressure on a paper chart,the barograph has continuous trace on the chart
called barogram. the curved line indicate utc are two hor interval.after
completing barogram entries regarding lat,long,dates,comparison with
barometer are to be filled and it is kept along with the weather log books

barograph is a instrument which record the change in atm press. onboard

ship.
for more detail read met book.

138) What is OSC wrt Iamsar Manual? WHat is the duties of OSC? what is
MRCC, MCC, LUT
OSC- On scene Coordinator
MRCC - Maritime Rescue Coordination Center.
MCC - Mission coordination center
LUT - Local User Terminal

about duties of OSC refer IAMSAR vol3

check iamsar v3
139) What is Squat? How will u reduce effect of squat?

Squat is a bodily sinkage of a ship due to its movement through the water
and is depend on speed, ship form, and the underwater clearance.
The overall decrease in the underkeel clearance fwd. and aft is called squat.

TO ELIMINATE SQUAT;
reduce speed,
Sufficiant UKC is to be kept to avoid SQUAT.

bodily sinkage+change in trim

The Change in ships trim when being at motion or being stationary is called
squat. The Squat is mainly experienced over in shallow waters it increases
with square of the speed of the ship in order to reduce squat ship speed has
to be reduced squat is calculated by the formulae
squat= V(square)/100*Cb
140) What is ECDIS, how are charts corrected on ECDIS?

An ECDIS is a unified navigational information display which presents on an

updated chart background,updated route,present position and fast track,
combining these as approprite with radar,ARPA and other navigational
sensors in order to improve safe navigational through the clear display of the
situation in the vicinity of the ship.
chart can be corrected through a floppy disc,compact disc, even directly
through the satellite systems. The latest system of updating charts is that the
manufacturer transmit the chart updated as broadcast in coded format.
Dedicated software is fitted in the ECDIS which will receive these
updates,decode them and correct the charts.

ECDIS stand electronic chart display and information system. It is updated

with the help of a CD.

Does a barge in seven lakes will follow colreg?

142) Tell me a situation for which rule 2b applies?
pd vsl head on...one got shallow water n stbd side.
143) What is the meaning of "all available means" in rule 5 meant to you?

Also include binocular

A functional radars, VHF, Echo sounder, AIS, Logs, Gps, Ecdis..etc

144) what is the safe speed you cinsider at sea, T.S.S, shallow waters?

It is a speed at which one can take proper n immediate action to avoid

collision n b stopped at a distance appropriate in prevailing circumstances n
condition
any speed at which we can safely navigate in that particular area

any speed at which we can safely navigate in that area

145) Vertical and Horizontal positioning of masthead lights?
146) Distress signals?

Distress signal indicates that a mobile is in grave and imminent danger and
requires immediate assistance
147) How will you display 22.2 in flag signalling method?you have only one 2
flag with substitutes and pendant?

hoist 2 (numerical) flag den 1st substitute den answering pendent den 2nd
substitute...
148) You hear aground vessel fog signal forward of your beam in Restricted
Visibilty, you are heading towards it what will be your immediate action?

inform to master regarding risk of collision, as rule no 19 E. says reduce her

speed to minimum at which she can be kept on her course or stop and
reverse propulsion because the area we area entering is 1.shallow water
2.Putting at us in risk of collision or we may aground.

any avoiding action must be taken in ample time,maintain your engine at

safe speed,in circumstances of case admit as per the head on situation ,give
one short blast alter the course to starboard side,that is safe pass on the port
side of other vessel

since th vessel is manouvering in restricted visibility we could take all way off
and acess the situation...then take action acordingly..

ONE SHORT BLAST ALTER CO. TO STBD, REVERSE CO. AND INFORM MASTER

switch on ecosounder, see draft of aground vessel from AIS

1)follow your reciprocal course

2) check your charts and inform master
149) Principle of Sextant,Echo sounder, Doppler log, G.P.S?
150) Explain Sight Calculation?
151) R.O.R cards
152) Bouys and Flags
153) communication -all flags
154) how to calculate compass error in restricted visiblity

variation from chart and deviation fro deviation card....

this can only b used as reference to navigate...

155) distress and urgency

urgency signal indicates that a very urgent message follows concering the
safety of mobile or the safety of a person
156) compass rose

compass rose is nothing but the compass points

see cover page of nories tables...

157) AIS coastal requirement? asked 2 all vaaz cndidt.

158) IALA buoyage system

ROR BOOK

159) latest amendments to Colreg?

Amendment Table for COLREG 72(Res.A.1004(25))

Before 1 December 2009

ANNEX IV DISTRESS SIGNALS
1. The following signals, used or exhibited either together or
separately, indicate distress and need of assistance :
(d) a signal made by radiotelegraphy or by any other signalling
method consisting of the group ... --- ... (SOS) in the Morse Code ;
(l) the radiotelegraph alarm signal;
(m) the radiotelephone alarm signal;

On or after 1 December 2009

ANNEX IV DISTRESS SIGNALS
1. The following signals, used or exhibited either together or
separately, indicate distress and need of assistance :

(d) a signal made by any signalling method consisting of the

group ... --- ... (SOS) in the Morse Code;
(l) a distress alert by means of digital selective calling (DSC)
transmitted on:
(i) VHF channel 70, or
(ii) MF/HF on the frequencies 2187.5 kHz, 8414.5 kHz, 4207.5
kHz, 6312 kHz, 12577 kHz or 16804.5 kHz;
(m) a ship-to-shore distress alert transmitted by the ship's Inmarsat
or other mobile satellite service provider ship earth station;
Khurram Khatri | 4 years ago| REPLY
Q. 160) read all the gross tonnage of the last ship

Q. 161) read RULE 19 and its meaning

dineshking2003 | COMMENT | 1 FOLLOW
No Comment for this MMD / MCA Oral Question
Q. 162) rule 5 and 6

rule:5 every vsl shall at all times maintan a proper lookout by sight and
hearing as well as by all available means approriate in the prevailling
circumstances and conditions so as to make full appraisal of the situation and
of the risk of collision.

Rule no.5:
Every vessel shall at all time maintain a proper lookout by sight,hearing as
well as all available means appropriate in the prevailing circumstances and
conditions so as to make a full appraisal of the situation and of the risk of
collision
163) when do u say a vessel s overtaking

when the vessel coming from 22.5degree abaft the beam of own vessel then
it is said to vessel overtaking

A vessel is said to be overtaking when coming up from the direction of 22.5

deg abaft of the beam in such position with the ref. of overtaking vessel she
will be able to sea at night time only the stern light neither of her side lights.

as per rule number 13 part (B),

a vessel shall be deemed to be overtaking when coming up with other vessel
frm a direction more than 22.5 degree abaft her beam, that is , in such a
position with the ref. to the vessel she is overtaking , that at night she would
be able to see only the stern light of that vessel bt nither of her side lights
164) can u overtake a vessel in TSS and narrow channel

yes we can,but it is possible only if the vessel to be overtaken

permits.through a appropriate sound signal

bt n narrow channel only if vsl to be overtaken permits and give searoom.

Yes
in narrow channel or TSS overtaking can take place only when overtaken
vessel allows a safe permit to the over taking vessel & over taking vessel
shall make a appropriate sound signal as per rule 34(c)(i).
165) what s dead weight

Deadweight tonnage (often

abbreviated as DWT for
deadweight tonnes) is the
displacement at any loaded
condition minus the lightship

weight. It includes the crew,

passengers, cargo, fuel, water,
and stores. Like Displacement, it
is often expressed in long tons or
in metric tons.

total mass of cargo,fuel,f/w,etc that a ship can carry at the time she is
floating in SW with her summer loadline at the water surface.

When a ship is delivered from the yard (with machinery, appurtenances,

fixtures) its weight without stores, fuel, crew, etc is called "Light ship".
Anything weight which is not a part of Light Ship is called deadweight. Eg
Crew, fuel, stores, ballast, cargo, lubes etc.
166) vertical positioning of lights

ROR
annex 1.1
167) why in the RULE 23 HIGH intensity is referred for WIG craft anf where as
an intensity for Air cushion vessel ?why?

its more than 22.5 degree abaft the beam

WIG craft move at high speed. to distinguish from distance

n
Air cushioned vessel r susceptible to wind effect.
168) what is manoeuvring speed?

speed at which the alteration of ships course can take place

it is the minimum speed at which the ship can be manoeuvered

the speed at which full effect of the controls (rudder n propeller) can be
achieved.
169) what wil b ur action in resrticted visibility

inform to master
inform to engine room keep the engine raedy to manouvere and in safe
speed
start sounding the signal as per ror
stop all noisy work like chipping
switch on all navigation lights
keep the bridge wing door open
continuos observation of radar and arpa mUST
keep plotting the position by all available means
if it idicates the presence of any other vessel,acess the suitation and take the
action immidiately in ample time

1) Inform Master.
2) Inform E/R.Get engines ready for manoeuvering.
3)obsrve visually and make a note of all the traffic in sight,
4)switch on ARPA and commence plottng.
5)Switch on navigational lights.
6) change over to hand sterering,
7) switch on the other stering motor,
8) post double lookouts, one on the bridge wing, other on forecastle.

9)try out pneumatic wistle and electric klaxon and the manual foghorn, by
giving a very short blast on each, try out automatic fog signal unit,
10) stop all noises on decks so that the fog signals of other vessels would not
get drowned in the noise ,,
11) keep open the outer doors of the wheel house so that the fog signals of
other ships may be heared, even if they are very faint,
12) commence sounding fog signal before entering into the fog.
13) reduce to safe speed before entering fog.
14)restrict hold ventilation.
15) record all the happnings in bridge record book.

Also engines ready for immediate manouvering

inform master n engine room

post look outs
switch on n operate radar
switch on nav lights
activate sound signals
proceed at safe speed
follow ROR.
170) Emergency wreck marking buoy ?

Pillar or spar shape

Topmark- upright X(+)
Colour-Alternate stripes of blue and yellow colur,minimum 4 and maximum 8.
Light-Alternate flashing yellow and blue.
1s(blue)-0.5s(dark)-1s(yellow)

171) SITUATION - you have a vessel 5 points on ur starboard

quarter.Restricted visibility nd radar not working.Action.

section II is applicable in this situation.

If radar is not working how you come to know there is a vessel 5 points of
your stbd. So you are seeing this vsl visually, so Section II of ROR applies.
ans-alter course to port
justification-when u alter port,and u r forwd of her beam,she will not alter to
port for the vessel on the port side.hence u will be clear.

infform master
go more port and keep the vessel clear
if necessary slow dwn or take all way off and let the vessel overtake n then
resume the passage

inform master, stop ur vsl, by reducing her speed or taking all her way off,
post extra lookouts, open bridgewing doors, increase the freq of sound
signals
172) SITUATION - you have a vessel 5 points on ur starboard
quarter.Restricted visibility nd radar not working.Action.

if risk of colllision exists, den alter course 2 stbd , acc. 2 rule 19d(a)

rule 19d(a) does not apply in this case as the radar is not working and the
first line of 19d says a vessel wiz detects by radar alone..!! in this case we
maintain our course and speed,post xtra lookouts with aldis lamp,call
master,shift ur fog signal aft,increase the frequency of fog signal,use ais and
vhf if possible. this is the answer as confirmed by capt.sharma.
173) SITUATION - You are proceeding north and u see a north cardinal buoy.
action

if u r proceeding north n u c NC mark..dat means u r already in proximity of

point of interest or danger...bst action is to inform master and stop ur vsl
immediately..plot ur position n chck wer to alter for safe depth of water or
away frm danger..

infrom master reverse coure check depth of the water

reverse course, inform master, check chart

174) MAke a region B , preferred channel to port buoy.
175) ror rule no 5,6,7,8,13,18,19
176) cardinal marks

North- continuous flashing , south- 6 flashing, east- 3 flashings and west- 9

flashings
177) passage plan

APPHRAISAL
PLANNING
MONITORING
EXECUTING
178) bouyage system
179) all ror annexes

annex1-position and technical details of lights and shapes.

annex2-addl. lights for fishing vessel fishing in.close proximity.
annex3-technical details of sound signals
annex4-distress signal

180) defination of solas

The International Convention

for the Safety of Life at Sea
(SOLAS) is an international
maritime safety treaty. The
SOLAS Convention in its
successive forms is generally
regarded as the most important
of all international treaties
concerning the safety of
merchant ships..

SOLAS is and international maritime safety treaty. SOLAS convention in its

successive form is generally regarded as the most important of all
international treaties concerning the safety of merchant ship.
182) How wil u take over a watch as par stcw

*go on chrt rm 15minuts earlier.

*Inspect chrt:(cmg,crs strd,set$rate of crnt,ukc,any alt,tss)
*mastrs ordr bk.
*Inspect compass err bk.
*go to whl house 5 mnt be4 nd set eye to d darkness.
*Inspt teckomtr
*inspt nav lt
*chk vhf ch.16/70
*auto or hnd strng

*familr wth radar

*if is in collision couse dn't tk ovr watch untl collision is ovr
183) ror situation and explain by rule
184) Quote Rule #9 , #10
185) Fog signals (v/l aground)

3 distinct strokes
rapid ringing of bell 5 secs
3 distinct strokes
if 100m or more
gong shall be sounded 5 secs
additionally . . - 'U' you are running into danger.

186) What are the various navigational hazards u expect during a

navigational watch?

1) the state of visiblity

2)the traffic density
3)n night the presence of background lights
4)the state of wind , sea, and current.
5)the draft and available depth.

187) buoyage system in japan, uses of special marks, safe water marks etc?

system b , special marks -odas, tss where use of conventional channel

marking may cause confusion, spoil ground ,military exercise zone, cable or
pipeline mark, recreation zone.

safe water mark- centre line marks and mid channel marks.an alternative to
cardinal or a lateral marks to indicate a land fall
188) what factors u take into account when planning a passage from japan to
west coast US?

Refer to ocean passages of the world for recomnded route , check wx wrng ,
etc .

check for the availability of all the charts required .

we need to cross the IDL (inter. date line).eta to be effectively calculated.
189) How do you know ur passage plan is complete?

Passing ans was 1) berth to berth 2) SMS chklist complied with 3) approved
by master

SIGNED BY MASTER AND ALL OFFICCERS ON BOARD AND COMPLY WITH

SOLAS CHAP-5,AND COMPANY REGULATIONS

190) what xtra precautions to be taken when at anchor watch in a flying

moor?

Maintain a constant watch to prevent foul hawse.

Determine foul arc and clear arc.
Vessel should always swing to clear arc on each tidal change.
Use engine to give vessel correct sheer.
Keep eye on the weather.
Know the times of tide change.
191) lights of vessels aground , trawler, other fishing vessels?

v/l aground,one all round white light at the fore part of the vessel-and
another all round white at aft part of the vessel . Two all round red light in a
vertical line.
Trawler-all round white and green light in a vertical line-side lights stern
lights,two all round red lights when her nets came upon obstruction-one all
round white light towards the direction of nets while shooting -one all round
white and red light when hauling her nets.

Vsl Aground- i. two all-round red lights in a vertical line.

ii. in fore and aft part, an all-round white light.
trawler - i. two all-round lights in vertical line, upper being green and lower
white. when making way sidelights and sternlights.
fishing vessel-i. two all-round lights in vertical line, upper being red and lower
white.
192) how to differentiate a vessel aground from a NUC vessel?

NUC VESSEL WILL DISPLAY SOME SPEED ON RADAR WHERE AS VESSEL

AGROUND WILL NOT

a nuc vsl will show 2 red lights in a vertical line and while making way
sidelights and stern light. bt a vsl aground will show 2 red lights and all round
white lights at fwd and aft depending on length.
193) passage planning on charts, what do u mark on them?
194) principles of watchkeeping in detail from STCW?
195) Difference between GPS & DGPS

dgps is more accutrate in poistion fixing than gps

196) working principle of the DGPS

it has a fix position and it compared with 3 satellite position and compare
with own position and diffrence will be find out,and transtmit the difference in
all vessels are uhf range

differntial gps
it is fixed station whose position is known
it recives its position from the satellite and calculates the error between two
positions and then it transmits the error for that satellite
197) Define the terms Parallax and refraction
198) what is the carriage requirements for a GPS receiver

SOLAS CH 5 reg 19.2.1.6

all vessels irrespective of size.
199) What are the day ,night & fog signals for a vessel aground

Day signal - Three Balls in a

vertical line..
Night Signal - in addition to the
anchor lights, 2 all round red
lights in a vertical line...
Fog Signal
at intervals of not more than 1minute ring the bell rapidly for
five seconds. In a vessel 100
meters or more in length the
bell shall be sounded in the
forepart of the vessel and

immediately after the ringing of

the bell the gong shall be
sounded rapidly for about 5
seconds in the after part of the
vessel. in addition, give three
separate and distinct strokes on
the bell immediately before and
after the rapid ringing of the
bell. A vessel aground may in
addition sound an appropriate
whistle signal.

Day signal - Three Balls in a vertical line..

Night Signal - in addition to the anchor lights, 2 all round red lights in a
vertical line...

Fog Signal

at intervals of not more than 1-minute ring the bell rapidly for five seconds. In
a vessel 100 meters or more in length the bell shall be sounded in the
forepart of the vessel and immediately after the ringing of the bell the gong
shall be sounded rapidly for about 5 seconds in the after part of the vessel. in
addition, give three separate and distinct strokes on the bell immediately
before and after the rapid ringing of the bell. A vessel aground may in
addition sound an appropriate whistle signal.

three balls in vertical line.

two all round red lights in vertical line and anchor light/s.

3 distinct strokes
rapid ringing of bell 5 secs
3 distinct strokes
if 100m or more gong shall b sounded 5sec
additionally ..- 'U' you r running into danger.

200) what the procedure for correcting a chart that has not been corrected
for three years

with the help of cumulative and annual notices of current year

take d latest corection, frm there go back. find each one before it till d notice
it corected, and start correcting from dat anm.
consult annual summary of admiralty notices to mariners.

201) what do u understand by T & P notices

temporary and preliminary notices to mariner....

temporary notices are the information that remains remains temporary
usually not more then 3 months and preliminary notices are the notices that
are at their preliminary stages nd can be permanent at a later stage....such
as extension of any port, contruction of any bridge...etc

temporary and preliminary notices

both are related to notices to mariner ,, both are temperary warnings ,, and
hence the related corrections are done in pencil on the chart.

temporary notice are given when some information exist on chart for some
short time . and prelimry notice are given when in future there will some
work will take place in future
202) SITUATION - restricted visibility , vessel on ur port bow is crossing
actions & precautions?

reduce ur speed to d min at which she can be kept on her course and if
necessary take oll her way off.

as per rule no 19 d 1 1short blast altr course to stbd .

chk ur stbd side take wide alt to stbd..

reduce speed or take all way off.change ur sound signal...wait for vessel to
cross you...
Brendan pimenta | 4 years ago| REPLY
203) SITUATION - In RV , vessel is right ahead 3 miles , wht is your action &
wht signals

will altr co to stbd more thn 30 degre,large altration so it will be easily

appernt to tht vsl

One short blast vl b given only when vsl is in sight of one another

if detected by radar, we will try to hear fog signal of other vessel as the range
of fog signal is 1.5 -2 miles.
as per rule 19 d we take avoiding action which consists wide alteration of
course 2 stbd.

its rv man ...no manoeuvring signal

we know about the vessel is on 3 miles only by radar,we have to wait for the
vessel come in range of 2 miles and try to listen he their fog signal, if
confirmed ,inform master and than give one short blast n alter the course to
stbd
204) ROR CARDS-Sailing vessel
side lights
205) ROR CARDS-Aground vessel
206) ROR CARDS-RAM towing
207) Action when Manoverboard.

shout man over board,immediately inform to master,give three long

blast,hoist flag o.throw the mob orange life buoy,keep proper look out on
him,mark the position,avoid the man getting into propeller,slow down the
v/l,take a williamson turn,to rescue him,or launch a rescue boat,and rescue
him.

TWO PROLONG BLAST

SHOUT MAN OVERBOARD
THROUGH LIFE BOUY WITH SMOKE SIGNAL
INFORM MASTER
KEEP A PROPER LOOK OUT
TAKE IMMEDIATE ACTION TO AVOID THE PROPELLER TO RUN OVER THE MAN
ON WATER
COMMENCE WILLIOM TURN CIRCLE

ITS THREE PROLONGED BLAST

I guess MOB marker on GPS must also be activated

208) Difference between underway and making way?

when the vsl is not at anchor or made fast to shore ,or aground is underway.

when the vsl using her engine that is making way ....

when the vsl cut through the water and vls is in control by helm, if engine is
just stopped and she still making wake and cut through water then she is
making way
underway refer ROR
209) Sart requirement. What does Sart give?

vsl of >300 but < 500grt should have one sart , vsl >500 grt 2 sart ...

VSL OF MORE THAN 300GRT SHOULD CARRY SART....SHOULD WORK

CONTINOUSLY FOR 8 HRS AND IN STAND BY MODE FOR 96 HRS....SARATH
KRISHNAN

12 blips on the x band radar.it is a transponder

210) Types of EPIRB.

VHF EPIRB(ONLY AREA A1), L-BAND EBIRB(phased out only for area A1,A2,A3),
COSPAS SARSAT EPIRB(CURRENTLY USED FOR ALL SEA AREAS)

1. cospas/sarsat 406/121.5 A1 A2 A3 A4.(universal epirb)

2. VHF 156.525(ch.70) A1

3.immarsat epirb(l band)

epirb(cospas-sarsat)
ELT
PLB

cospas/sarsat 406/121.5 A1 A2 A3 A4.

VHF 156.525(ch.70) A1

211) Transfering PL from morning to noon in detail

in mornin u will use long by chron or Intercept

at noon u will use lat bymer alt or Ex mer alt

staggered calculation
212) Exmeridian limits

its minimum period of 6 mins

its maximum of 71 mins

page 432, enter with lat n dec..get value of A...go to table 4 n get the limits
213) Azimuth and Amplitude

Amplitude is the arc of the rational horizon or the angle at the observer
zenith contained between the observer prime vertical and the vertical circle
passing through the body.
Azimuth is the arc on the rational horizon or the angle the observer zenith
contained between the observer celestial meridian and the vertical circle
passing through the body.

expressed in quadrantal form...eg. E40N..

Azimuth is angle at d earth centre contained btwn true north n d meridian

passing thru tht body

Amplitude is d arc of rational horizon or d angle at d centre of d earth btwn

the prime vertical n d meridian passing thru d body wen on d horizon (rising
or setting)
214) RA on rational horizon , draw diagram

its is 360-sha,measured easterly

215) AIS principle

AIS principle is to allow the automatic exchange of shipboard information

from the vsl sensor inputted, static and voyage related data between one vsl
and another and between vsl and shore stations. it is important that
transmitted data be accurate.
216) Echo sounder errors and principle

VELOCITY ERROR
AERATION
MULTIPLI ECHO

PYTHAGORUS
217) ECDIS principle and difference btwn raster and scan
218) Gyro errors

speed error, latitude error

tilt n drift

219) SITUATION - crossing with all aspects

He did not ask any ROR cards .He's more about rules which applies on these
situations and parts and their meanings.
220) SITUATION - CBD right ahead crossing u from port.

one short blast alt co to stbd...(if cbd slows dwn < cbd is a pd vssl> as give
way vessel then u cross her head)if not parellel course....alt co to stbd and
pass her stern.

221) SITUATION - Overtaking with all aspects

222) Aneroid barometer and avoiding action in TRS

223) Situations regarding fire on board during watch and on board
emergencies
224) IAMSAR

SOLAS chapter V Safety of

Navigation requires ships to

carry an up-to-date copy of

Volume III of the International
Aeronautical and Maritime
Search and Rescue (IAMSAR)
Manual.

international aeronautical and maritime search and rescue assist the master
of search and rescue operation

225) Great Circle sailing..

a great circle track is the shortest distance , measured along the earth's
surface , btween 2 poles. a great circle track cuts successive meridians at
different angles b'coz meridians are nt parallel to each oder . the course,
therefore, shud change slightly whilst crossing each meridia.practically at
sea, the departure and arrival positions are plotted on a gnomonic chart and
joined by a straight line . the vertex and suitable points are read off the chart
and the navigator does mercator sailing from point to point thereby following
the great circle track effectively ..!!
226) Echo Sounder circuit
227) How will u eliminate the various errors of bridge equipements in detail
228) What is phasing and cross noise?

phasig n cross noise are part of wave propogation in gmdss

229) Mer pass..in detail
230) SITUATION - CROSSING, RV : target on stbd bow radar inoperational,
target stbd quarter radar inoperational.

ascertain if risk of collision exist with the targets by continuosly monitoring

the bearing. and take action accordingly

231) Lights of NUC vessel

two all around red light placed where it can best be seen, if making way
through the water in addition to red light side light and stern light.

2 all round red lights in vertical line, and if making way in addition, sidelights
n sternlight

there will be two red liht plus all navigatinal light

232) Lights of dredger at anchor
233) Magnetic compass correctors, five co efficients of magnetism in detail
234) sextant

A sextant is an instrument used

to measure the angle between
any two visible objects. Its
primary use is to determine the
angle between a celestial object
and the horizon which is known
as the object's altitude. Making
this measurement is known as
sighting the object, shooting the
object, or taking a sight and it is
an essential part of celestial
navigation. The angle, and the
time when it was measured, can

be used to calculate a position

line on a nautical or aeronautical
chart.
235) SITUATION - Asked all possible situations in restricted visibility with radar
operational same situations with radar in-operational?

RULE 19 nd RULE 18

u wud b lucky if u face capt sareen for your 2 mate orals.........he want only
and only ROR...........restricted visibility is his favourite.........
236) What is chart datum.....why do u see in chart it is mentioned that shift
satellite derived positions by certain latitude n longitude?

chart datums are lowest astronomical tide and mean lower low water.

gps positioning datum is wgs84 which cosiders d earth as a sphere and based
on mean sea level.
but local surveys are based on some local reference datum which are
different from wgs84. that shift can be calculated and applied aproximately..
237) What is the chart datum to which indian charts are made?

everest datum

All indian charts are based on Everest datum. Check MS notice 1/2004

Chart Datum is an arbitrary plane below which low water tide seldom falls. It
is a datum to which sounding on a published hydrographic chart are reduced.
All the bathymetric contours are referred to this datum. The tidal predictions
and tidal levels given in the tide tables are also given with relation to the
same datum. Chart datum in India had been fixed at Indian Spring Low Water

Mark (ISLW) during nineteenth century. For this, sufficiently long tidal
observations had been made at various locations. During the Spring tide, low
water mark had been measured and fixed as chart datum at this location
238) Your ship dragging anchor.....how wud u determine if it is dragging or not
and what action wud u take as an OOW?

IF WE PUT AN ANCHOR FROM SHORT STAY TO LONG STAY AT THAT TIME WE

KNOW THAT ANCHOR WAS PLUGED BUT WE ARE NOT SURE ON THAT WE
HAVE TO CHECK THE BEARING OF ANYONE OBJECT WHICH IS NOT CHANGING
OR AZIMUTH IF THE ANCHOR IS DRAGGING THEN IT WONT CHANGE IF IT
PLUGGED THEN THE BEARING CHANGE SO WE CAN
EASY IDENTIFED OR

FROM SHORT STAY TO LONG STAY THE TENSION IN ANCHOR CABLE IS

INCREASE I GUESS THIS IS THE WAY

the detection of dragging of anchor is reliably obtained by GPS. shift of ships

position beyond limits set in by OOW would be detected and indicated by
audible and visual alarm.
The GPS position of the anchor and a radius of tolerance (length of cable paid
out + the distance of the bow from bridge + a resonable margin) can be fed
in..
if the ship's position ever falls outside the circle of tolerance an alarm would
be activated,

the dragging of anchor by a ship is not always detectable by observation of

visual bearings alone. Compass bearing of closeby objects may change
considerably, due to yaww, without any appreciable change of position of the
ship.

it is easily possible to detect the dragging of anchor by the ship, bearing in

mind that:

1) strong tides tends to drag the ship in a direction away from anchor, i.e. in
the direction opposite to the to the ship's head last marked by the arrow on
the chart..
2) the position obtained on the chart should lie within a circle whose centre is
the anchor and whose radius is the sum of length of the cable paid out and
distance from bow to the bridge..

actions on dragging anchor.

1)inform master.
2)inform engine room,this is an emergency, get engines ready as soon as
possible.switch on power to windlass
3)call anchor stations
4) call for a messenger on bridge because the A.B. will be manning the wheel.
5)Switch on the Steering motors.
6)Switch on radar /ARPA
7) try the pneumatic whistle and electric Klaxon,
8)the VHF would already be on channel 16.
9) keep a record of all the happenings and their timings in bridge notebook,
10) carry out master's orders.
11) if the master is ashore, the chief officer would automatically take charge
of the situation,
12) in rare case of both
have to manage,

Master and C/O ashore , the second officer would

KEEPING THE FOLLOWING POINTS IN MIND

13) the length of the cable paid out (usually 6 times the depth of water ) is
only to ensure that the pull on the anchor shank, while it in on seabed, is
horizontal. once that is assured paying out more cable would not help!!

14) heaving up anchor, manoeuvering the ship and reanchoring shoulf only
be the last resort by the second officer. Having insufficient experience and
being without proper support on the bridge this is too risky,,
15) inform the harbour control by VHF ."My ship is dragging anchor. Require a
Pilot immediately."
16) call up agents on telephone and informthem" Ship is dragging anchor, the
MAster and Chief officer are ashore please contact them and send them
onboard as soon as possible.
17) Pull the wheel hard over away from the first anchor and hold it there.
18) prepare the second anchor to let go,
19) when the ship has sheered away from the 1st anchor, drop the other
anchor on the bottom and stop the run of the cable,
20) put both cables in gear and walk back equal equally on both,ensuring
that the first anchor has at least half a shackle left in chain locker,
21) put both the brakes on, take the gears out and hold on,
22) keep anchor watch to ensure that the anchors are holding,
23) keep engines on stop at short notice.

in addition exhibit ICS flag Yankee

1.when anchor cable goes from short stay to long stay and vice versa or it
goes out of turning circle , brg and dist. chnges frm fixed object, when SOG is
not equal to zero.

A dangerous situation that demands prompt action

It happens to every boater sooner or later. The wind in your anchorage rises,
the motion of the boat increases, and your anchor starts to drag. Sometimes
the rumbling of an all-chain rode warns you. At other times, your first
indication may be when other boats firmly anchored to leeward appear to be
moving slowly upwind toward your stern. Thats an astonishing sight the first
time you experience it.The first sign of dragging in a crowded anchorage calls
for immediate action. If you have just lowered the anchor, pull it up and try
again, perhaps in a different spot. If youve been swinging comfortably on the

hook for a while, however, a solution other than weighing anchor and reanchoring may be in order. First, let out more anchor line, as much as you can
without fouling another boat. That will give your rode a more efficient angle
of pull so that the anchor should dig into the ground instead of being pulled
upward out of it.If that doesnt solve the problem, you can start the engine
and run it ahead slow to take some strain off the anchor while you think
things through or wait for the squall to blow over.But what if your engine
wont run because, in all the excitement, your dinghy painter has fouled the
prop? Or what if the storm is settling in for a while and you need a longerterm solution? Next, load the kedge, or secondary, anchor into the dinghy
and flake its line down on top of it. Make the bitter end fast to the boat and
take the dinghy to windward, paying out the anchor line as you go. When you
reach the end of the line, drop the anchor a couple of boat lengths to one
side of the anchor already down there so that the two lines together form a
shallow V from the bow of the boat.Back on the boat, haul away on the new
anchor line until you feel it dig in, and make it fast at the bow. Adjust the lines
so that both anchors are now taking the strain fairly.If your primary anchor
has still not reset itself or if it was fouled in the first place, allow the newly set
kedge to take all the strain while you weigh the first anchor and reset it from
the dinghy, just as you did with the kedge.If necessaryif you have a reef
close astern, or the engine isnt working, or other boats are too near for
comfortyou can set and weigh anchors alternately to gain ground to
windward, but its a lot of work and may be dangerous in a rising wind at
night. So, having recovered your main anchor, you might want to consider
making a buoy or fender fast to the kedge line, casting off, and finding a safer
spot in which to anchor from scratch. You can recover the kedge when
conditions improve.If the wind is onshore and the holding quality of the
anchorage is uncertain, prudent seamanship might even dictate your putting
to sea. Thats something you should consider every time you arrive in a new
anchorage. Cautious sailors will tuck a reef or two into the mainsail before
stowing it on the boom for the night because they know that if the anchor
drags, its likely to be blowing a gale. And they will make a note of a bearing
that will take them safely out of the anchorage in the pitch dark. You will
probably find that if you go to this much trouble, your anchor will never drag.
But do it anyway; its cheap insurance.

239) Courses checked n compasses compared .......what actually u do with

regard to it and if they not tally what action are u expected to do?

means course to steer on chart is same as course being made good.

compasses compared means gyro repetors compared with master gyro and
with magnetic compass.
240) What is the requirement regarding ECDIS in case of going 2 a region of
whose vector charts are not available ?

solas ch 5 reg 19
ecdis can be used to displa y passage plan

nautical paper charts n publications can be replaced by a SECOND ECDIS as

BACKUP

ECDIS must have rastor charts for regions not provided with vector chars

The international standard for vector charts has been finalised by the
International Hydrographic Organization (S-57, Version 3), and IMO adopted
performance standards for ECDIS, using vector charts, in 1995 by Assembly
Resolution A.817(19).
The amendments to Resolution A.817(19) state that some ECDIS equipment
may operate in Raster Chart Display System (RCDS) mode when the relevant
chart information is not available in vector mode.
The amendments to the ECDIS performance standards indicate which
performance standards for vector charts apply equally to raster charts, and
add specific specifications for raster charts, covering such aspects as display
requirements, alarms and indicators, provision and updating of chart
information and route planning. The amendments state that when used in
RCDS mode, ECDIS equipment should be used together with an appropriate
folio of up-to-date paper charts.
The MSC during its 70th sessionalso agreed a Safety of Navigation Circular on
Differences between Raster Chart Display systems (RCDS) and Electronic
Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS).

241) Is there any such formulae regarding intensity of lights ...do u know it in
which annex wud u find it?

I=3.43*10^6*T*D^2*K^-D
GIVEN IN ANNEX 1