Zemin Jeofizik Analiz

Aklamalar
Okumadan
Programlar
altrma !!
Aklamalar
Okumadan
Programlar
altrma !!
P ters (var zaman), msn
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20.5
19
13.6
6.5
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0
0
6.5
13.6
19
20.5
22
24
26
28
30
32
34
36
1. Tabaka
2. Tabaka
t1 (msn)
282
282
133
1000
1000
235
12.7
12.7
16
Grafikten
Belirle !
Profil
118
109.5
101
92.5
84
75.5
67
58.5
50
41.5
28.5
13.5
0
P dz (var zaman), msn
Uzaklk (m)
2 TABAKA DURUMU
S Ters (var zaman), msn
SSMK KIRILMA DEERLENDRME
VPdz (m/sn)
VPters (m/sn)
VS (m/sn)
282
2
2
12
At Ofseti
Jeofon Aral (m)
Jeofon Says
KALINLIK (VPdz)
h1
KALINLIK (VPters)
h'1
1000
10
10
1.87
1.87
1.87 m
1.87 m
1.87
Balangca
Dnmek iin
Tklayn !
Sonh
h4
h3
h2
h1
10
10
1.9
1.9
Sonh'
h4'
h3'
h2'
h1'
Jeofizik Zemin Kesiti

16%
Yeryzeyi
16%
Sismik Serim
84%
0%
Derinlik
84%
0%
S ters (var zaman), msn
P ters (var zaman), msn
45
44
43
42
41
40
36
32
28
24
15
6.5
0
3. Tabaka
t2 (msn)
t3 (msn)
500
500
275
2000
2000
500
12
12
33
33
500
2000
Uzaklk (m)
P dz (var zaman), msn
91
87
83
79
75
71
67
58.5
50
41.5
28.5
13.5
0
3 TABAKA DURUMU
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
0
0
6.5
15
24
28
32
36
40
41
42
43
44
45
1. Tabaka
2. Tabaka
235
235
150
235
Grafikten
Belirle !
Profil
VPdz (m/sn)
VPters (m/sn)
VS (m/sn)
Ortalama Vp (m/sn)
2
2
12
At Ofseti
Jeofon Aral (m)
Jeofon Says
KALINLIK (VPdz)
h1
KALINLIK (VPters)
h'1
1.6 m
1.6 m
h1 ort.
h2 ort.
1.6 m
1.2 m
h2
h'2
1.2 m
1.2 m
Balangca
nmek iin
Tklayn !
SSMK ZAMAN-UZAKLIK GRAF (2 TABAKA)

140
140
120
S ters At
Zaman (ms)
120
100
100
80
80
P ters At
60
P dz At
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
10
12
Uzaklk (m)
14
16
18
20
22
24
SSMK ZAMAN-UZAKLIK GRAF (3 TABAKA)

140
140
120
120
S ters At
100
100
80
80
P ters At
60
P dz At
60
40
40
20
20
0
0
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Dr. Ferhat zep
Elektrik (zdiren) lm Verilerin Sunum ve Deerlendirmesi

AB/2
3
4
5
7
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
120
Grnr zdiren
25.2
20
16
12
9.9
8.5
6.8
6.1
6.6
5.95
6.28
6.7
6.45
6.7
6.43
6.38
5.3
5.5
Deerlendirme Sonular
Tabakalar
Kalnlk
h1
2.5
h2
9
h3
h4
h5
h6
h7
h8
h9
20
Gerek zdiren Deerleri

25
8
Bal
Deerlendir
program ile (A
abaklarla da
yap
Gerek zdire
bakarak
Yeraltsuyu Derinlii (m)

Su ieren tabaka Kalnl (m)
10
5
Gerek zdiren Verilerine

bakarak belirle!
Elektrik (zdiren) Grafii
zdiren (ohm.m)
100
10
1
1
10
100
1000
Elektrod Aral (AB/2)

Steven D. Sheriff Yaklam
TABAKALI (ZDREN) MODELLEME
llen Eri ile Model Erisi arasnda en iyi uyumu

yakalayana kadar model parametrelerini deitir !
llen Eri ile Model Erisi arasnda en iyi uyumu

yakalayana kadar model parametrelerini deitir !
Model Parametreleri
Tabaka kalnlklar (m)
zdirenler (ohm-m
25
8
6
Rho1
Rho2
Rho3
Erinizin karekteri
tabaka ise kullann !
2.5
9
d1
d2
d3
Sonsuz
Grnr zdiren
100
10
1
0.1
10
Elektrot Aral
Model Eri
llen Eri
100
1000
Balangca Dnmek
in Tklayn !
Deerlendirmeyi ya bir
program ile (ATO gibi) ya da
abaklarla daha nceden
yapnz !
Gerek zdiren Verilerine

bakarak belirle!
Nokta1
2.5
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
Nokta 2
2.5
9
0
0
0
0
0
0
20
Eer tek noktada

elektrik zdiren (DES)
yaplmsa ayn
deerleri nokta 2 iin
de ata!!
Jeofizik
(Elektrik)
Zemin Kesiti
8%
29%
8%
Elektrik Alm
Yeryzeyi
29%
Derinlik
nda en iyi uyumu

etrelerini deitir !
h1
h2
h3
h4
h5
h6
h7
h8
h9
63%
0%
YAS
63%
0%
nda en iyi uyumu

etrelerini deitir !
Dr. Ferhat zep
Three layer resistivity example. Depth and

in meters, resistivity is in ohm-meters. App
resistivity is for the Schlumberger electrode
Layer resistivities and thickness, from top t
seed:
Xinc:
n
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
2.556757 includes phase shift for O'Neill's

-0.166667 to get 6 samples per integer po
L Ld2>230?tanh(Ld2)
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0.11396
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0.01140
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30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
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0.00114
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er resistivity example. Depth and distance are

resistivity is in ohm-meters. Apparent
is for the Schlumberger electrode arrangement.
stivities and thickness, from top to bottom:
includes phase shift for O'Neill's coefficients

to get 6 samples per integer power of ten
T2 Ld1>230?tanh(Ld1)
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7.71143
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T1
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14
13
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
O'Neill convolve x = 1/L
-0.0003
0.00207
-0.005
0.01125
-0.0252
0.05812
-0.1436
0.393
-1.1324
2.7044
-3.4507
0.4248
1.1817
0.6194
0.2374
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8.408953
7.468465
6.825966
6.413380
6.194637
6.091567
6.044524
1.000000
1.467799
2.154434
3.162277
4.641587
6.812919
9.999997
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6.022995
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98
102
83
34
30
51
89
6.11079
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6.01132
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-1
-2
-3
-4
-5
0.08688
0.0235
0.01284
-0.0012
0.00304
6.012963
6.007991
6.005229
6.003545
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140
175
SONDAJ
LOGU
VE
stanbul niversitesi
Jeofizik Mh. Blm
SPT
DENEY
SONDAJ DERNL:18 m
SONDAJ YER: STANBUL (Avclar)
YERALTI SU SEVYES (YAS) : 3m
BALAMA-BT TARH: 3-4 Mart 2004
SONDAJ YNTEM
SULU ROTARY
MUHAFAZA BORUSU DERNL:
BX..................m
DI AP
AP
HX..................m
DI AP AP DI AP AP
73 mm
88.9mm
SPT(N) 30
30-45cm
15-30cm
SPT (N) & Derinlik (m)

Grafii
0-15 cm
(Tanm, Renk,
Kvam,Sklk,
Doku, Nemlilik,
Yeralt suyu
durumu v.s.)
14
15
10 21
18
39
11
8 12
11
23
8 20
20
40
SPT7
6 10
12
22
SPT8
15 15
16
31
2 m
SPT2
Bitkisel Toprak
Yeilimsi renkli
orta sk nemli
siltli kil
4 m
SPT3
5 m
Sarms renkli
sk nemli az
killi siltli kum
SPT4
7 m
SPT5
8 m
9 m
SPT6
Yeilimsi renkli
siltli sk nemli
kil
Turba
10 m
11 m
12 m
13 m
13
19
12
21
SPT11
19 22
23
45
SPT13
17 17
30
47
SPT9
14 m
15 m
SPT10
Koyu yeil renkli

ok sk ok kat
siltli kil
16 m
17 m
18 m
114.3mm 104.7mm
DARBE SAYISI
Bitkisel Toprak
SPT1
6 m
80.9mm
\10
10
20
30
40
\20 \30 \40
50
\50
SAHA KAYITLARI
FORMASYON ZELLKLER
ZEMN PROFL
NUMUNE TP ve NO
RQD %
KAROT %
DERNLK (m)
Ferhat zep
1 m
3 m
65.0mm
SPT DENEY
SONDR:
MHENDS:
SONDAJ NO:1
izelge 1. Kohezyonsuz (Kum) zeminlerde isel srtnme as () ve dzeltilmi SPT (N) deeri
sel Srtnme As (
Peck (1974)
Meyerhof (1956)
SPT (N)
<4
(4 - 10)
(10 -30)
(30-50)
>50
<29
29-30
30-36
36-41
>41
<30
30-35
35-40
40-45
>45
Balangca Dnmek
iin Tklayn !
Dr. Ferhat zep
SPT (N) & Derinlik Grafiini izdirmek iin

aadaki tabloda "Veri Yok yada UD yazl
hcreyi silin !
Derinlik% SPT (N) Grafii iin Tablo
Derinlik (m)
SPT (N)
14
-1.5
15
-3
39
-4.5
11
-6
23
-7.5
14
15
39
11
23
40
22
31
19
21
45
47
40
-9
22
-10.5
31
-12
19
-13.5
21
-15
45
-16.5
47
-18
izelge 2. Kohezyonlu (Silt-Kil) Zeminler iin dzeltilmi SPT (N) ile qu (serbest basn dayanm)
SPT (N)
2
4
8
qu, kg/cm2
0.25
0.5
1
Kvam
ok Yumuak
Yumuak
Orta
15
30
2
4
Kat
ok Kat
SPT DZELTMELER
Dr. Ferhat zep
YASS (m)
Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi yada

Oturma Hesaplarnda
Y.A.S.S altnda doygun
birim hacim arlklar
kullan !
Svlama
Analizinde
% 45 enerji oranna gre
AD
SPT (Arazi)
(gr/cm3)
CN
CB
CS
CR
SPT(dz)
N55
N1(60)
70
N (X)
1.8
15
1.8
1,7
1.0
1.0
0.80
#VALUE!
###
###
#VALUE!
3.3
15
1.8
1.67
1.0
1.0
0.80
20.1
16.4
15.1
12.9
4.8
15
1.8
1.45
1.0
1.0
0.80
17.4
14.2
13.1
11.20
6.3
15
1.8
1.30
1.0
1.0
0.80
15.6
12.8
11.7
10.0
7.8
15
1.8
1.19
1.0
1.0
0.80
14.2
11.7
10.7
9.2
9.3
15
1.8
1.10
1.0
1.0
0.80
13.2
10.8
9.9
8.5
10.8
15
1.8
1.05
1.0
1.0
0.80
12.6
10.3
9.5
8.1
12.3
15
1.8
0.97
1.0
1.0
0.80
11.6
9.5
8.7
7.5
13.8
15
1.8
0.92
1.0
1.0
0.80
11.0
9.0
8.3
7.1
15.3
15
1.8
0.89
1.0
1.0
0.80
10.7
8.8
8.0
6.9
16.8
15
1.8
0.84
1.0
1.0
0.80
10.1
8.2
7.6
6.5
18.3
19.8
21.3
15
15
15
1.8
1.8
1.8
0.81
0.78
0.75
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.80
0.80
0.80
9.7
9.3
9.0
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.0
6.8
6.2
6.0
5.8
SPT(dz)
15.6
14.2
13.2
SPT Ortalamann Hesab

Veri Says = 3
SPT (Ortalama) = 14.3
stenilen Enerji
Dzeyi
CN
CS
CB
CR
SPT(N) iin Efektif Gerilme iin Dzeltme Faktr

Numune alma yntemi, 1 alnr.
Kuyu ap dzeltmesi. 65 ile 115 mm apl sondaj kuyular iin CB=1;
150 mm ap iin CB=1,05 ve 200 mm apl kuyular iin CB= 1,15 alnr.
Tij Uzunluu Dzeltmesi; 4 'ye kadar tijlerde CR=0,75; 4 ile 6 m lik tijlerde 0,85;
6 ile 10 m'lik tijlerde 0,95 ve 10 m'den daha uzun tijlerde 1 alnr.
stenilen Enerji
Dzeyi
rt gerile efektf rt geril suieren tabaka kaslnlCN katsatytabak aklnl

31.8
23.9
0.80
0.80
2.0440
1.8
58.3
35.7
2.30
2.30
1.6735
1.5
84.8
47.5
3.80
3.80
1.4513
1.5
111.2
59.3
5.30
5.30
1.2991
1.5
137.7
71.0
6.80
6.80
1.1866
1.5
164.2
82.8
8.30
8.30
1.0990
1.5
186.3
90.2
9.80
9.80
1.0532
1.5
217.2
106.3
11.30
11.30
0.9697
1.5
243.7
118.1
12.80
12.80
0.9201
1.5
265.8
125.5
14.30
14.30
0.8928
1.5
296.7
323.1
349.6
376.1
141.7
153.4
165.2
177.0
15.80
17.30
18.80
20.30
15.80
17.30
18.80
20.30
0.8402
0.8073
0.7780
0.7517
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
Balangca Dnmek
ZEMNLER N JEOFZK-GEOTEKNK PARAMETRELERN BELRLENMES (2 Tabaka)

Tklayn !
llen Jeofizik Parametreler ve Yap Bilgileri
P (SIKIMA) DALGA HIZLARI
S (KAYMA) DALGA HIZLARI
TABAKA KALINLIKLARI
ZDREN DEERLER
Tretilen Geoteknik Parametreler

30m iin ortalama S (KAYMA) DALGA HIZI
YOUNLUK (Gardner ve di., 1974)
MAKSMUM KAYMA MODL (Kramer, 1996)
ELASTSTE MODL (Bowles, 1988)
POISSON ORANI (Bowles, 1988)
BULK MODL (Bowles, 1988)
HAKM TTREM PERYODU (Kanai, 1983)
SERBEST BASIN DAYANIMI (Uchiyama ve di. 1984)
ZEMN BYTMES (Midorikawa (1987)
SPT (N) DEER (Imai ve Yoshimura, 1977)
SU ER (Tezel ve zep, 2003; A ve di., 2004)
SMGE
BRM
1.TABAKA
2.TABAKA
Vp
Vs
h
m/sn
282
1000
m/sn
133
235
1.87
ohm-m
45
SMGE
BRM
1.TABAKA
2.TABAKA
Vs (30)
Gmax
E
K
To
qu
ZB
SPT(30)
w
m/sn
Dr. Fe
Deer yoksa "-"
koy !
224
gr/cm3
1.27
1.74
kg/cm
224.4
961.2
kg/cm2
608.9
2827.5
0.36
0.47
kg/cm2
709.5
16124.2
sn
kg/cm2
Ayrntl analiz
"Zemin Bytm
sayfasna gitme
hcreyi tklay
0.9
0.98
Greceli
3.55
2.6
Darbe Says
31
42
42
23
23
Ayrntl analiz
SPT(N) lik
sayfasna gitm
hcreyi tkla
akl, Kum ve
zeminler iin y
zdiren dee
ohm.m arasnd
!
ZEMNLER N JEOFZK-GEOTEKNK PARAMETRELERN BELRLENMES (3

Tabaka)
llen Jeofizik Parametreler ve Yap Bilgileri
P (SIKIMA) DALGA HIZLARI
S (KAYMA) DALGA HIZLARI
TABAKA KALINLIKLARI
ZDREN DEERLER
Tretilen Geoteknik Parametreler

30m iin ortalama S (KAYMA) DALGA HIZI
YOUNLUK (Gardner ve di., 1974)
MAKSMUM KAYMA MODL (Kramer, 1996)
ELASTSTE MODL (Bowles, 1988)
POISSON ORANI (Bowles, 1988)
BULK MODL (Bowles, 1988)
HAKM TTREM PERYODU (Kanai, 1983)
SERBEST BASIN DAYANIMI (Imai ve Yoshimura, 1977)
ZEMN BYTMES (Midorikawa (1987)
SPT (N) DEER (Imai ve Yoshimura, 1977)
SU ER (Tezel ve zep, 2003; A ve di., 2004)
SMGE
BRM
1.TABAKA
2.TABAKA
3.TABAKA
Vp
Vs
h
m/sn
235
500
1500
m/sn
150
275
500
1.6
1.2
ohm-m
25
95
SMGE
BRM
1.TABAKA
2.TABAKA
3.TABAKA
Vs (30)
Gmax
E
K
To
qu
ZB
SPT(30)
w
m/sn
433
gr/cm3
1.21
1.46
1.93
kg/cm2
272.7
1106.9
4815.7
kg/cm2
630.5
2840.6
13845.1
0.16
0.28
0.44
kg/cm2
305.7
2183.3
36920.3
sn
kg/cm2
0.4
1.29
Greceli
5.07
19.54
1.8
Darbe Says
49
REF
45
45
32
32
10
10
Dee
ngca Dnmek in
Tklayn !
Dr. Ferhat zep
eer yoksa "-" iareti

koy !
Ayrntl analiz iin

"Zemin Bytmesi"
ayfasna gitmek iin
hcreyi tklaynz!
Ayrntl analiz iin "VsSPT(N) likileri"

sayfasna gitmek iin
hcreyi tklaynz!
akl, Kum ve Silt tr

zeminler iin yaklam.
zdiren deeri 5-100
ohm.m arasnda olmal
!
stp1
spt2
5
31
Deer yoksa "-" iareti koy !
stp1
8
Ayrntl analiz iin

"Zemin Bytmesi"
sayfasna gitmek iin
hcreyi tklaynz!
Ayrntl analiz iin "VsSPT(N) likileri"
sayfasna gitmek iin
hcreyi tklaynz!
akl, Kum ve Silt tr
zeminler iin yaklam.
zdiren deeri 5-100
ohm.m arasnda
olmal !
spt2
49
spt3
301
SPT (N)
Derinlik(m)
Athanasopoulos (1995)
Tm Zeminler
Kil
Kiku ve di.(2001)
Tm Zeminler
Sykora ve Stokoe (1983)

Tm Zeminler
Kil
Kum
Kil
Kum
Halosen Pleistosen
Silt
Lee (1990)
Kum
Okamoto ve di. (1989)
Imai (1978)
Kil
Tm Zeminler
akl
akll Kum
Kaba Kum
Orta Kum
nce Kum
Kil
akl
Halosen
akll Kum
Kaba Kum
Orta Kum
Pleistosen
nce Kum
Kil
Tm Zeminler
Tm Zeminler
Dr. Ferhat zep
yisan (1994)
Ohta ve Goto (1978)
Pliestosen
Balangca Dnmek iin

Tklayn !
Kum
Ohba ve Toriumi (1970)
Imai ve Yoshimura (1977)
SPT (N) - Vs Hz likileri
Vs (m/sn)
1.8
151 160 134 147 144 153 155 195 103 112 110 118 119 150 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
3.3
151 160 152 165 162 173 174 220 116 127 125 133 134 169 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
4.8
151 160 164 178 175 186 188 237 126 137 134 143 144 182 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
6.3
151 160 173 188 185 197 199 250 133 144 142 151 152 192 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
7.8
151 160 180 196 193 205 207 261 138 151 148 158 159 201 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
9.3
151 160 187 203 200 213 215 271 143 156 153 163 165 208 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
10.8
151 160 192 210 206 219 221 279 148 161 158 168 170 214 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
12.3
151 160 197 215 211 225 227 286 152 165 162 173 174 220 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
13.8
151 160 202 220 216 230 232 293 155 169 166 177 178 225 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
15.3
151 160 206 225 221 235 237 299 158 173 169 180 182 229 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
16.8
151 160 210 229 225 240 242 305 161 176 173 184 185 234 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
18.3
151 160 214 233 229 244 246 310 164 179 176 187 189 238 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
19.8
151 160 217 237 232 248 250 315 167 182 178 190 192 242 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
21.3
151 160 220 240 236 251 253 319 169 184 181 193 194 245 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
22.8
151 160 223 243 239 255 257 324 171 187 183 195 197 249 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
24.3
151 160 226 247 242 258 260 328 174 189 186 198 200 252 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
25.8
151 160 229 250 245 261 263 332 176 192 188 200 202 255 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
27.3
151 160 232 252 248 264 266 336 178 194 190 203 204 258 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
28.8
151 160 234 255 250 267 269 339 180 196 192 205 207 260 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
30.3
151 160 236 258 253 270 272 343 181 198 194 207 209 263 151
233 186 161 208 189 159 206 218 184 125
193 227
Kum
Silt
Kil
Tm Zeminler
Tm Zeminler
Kil
Tm Zeminler
Kum
Kil
Kiku ve di.(2001)
Kum
Sykora ve Stokoe (1983)
Halosen Pleistosen
Kil
Lee (1990)
Pliestosen
Imai (1978)
Kum
yisan (1994)
Ohta ve Goto (1978)
Okamoto ve di. (1989)
Ohba ve Toriumi (1970)
Vs Hz - SPT (N) likileri
1.8
150
15
10
72
44
49
33
32
15
3.3
150
35
21
24
16
16
15
4.8
150
23
14
15
11
10
15
6.3
150
17
10
11
15
7.8
150
13
15
9.3
150
10
15
10.8
150
15
12.3
150
15
13.8
150
15
15.3
150
15
Tm Zeminler
akl
akll Kum
Kaba Kum
Orta Kum
nce Kum
Kil
akl
akll Kum
Kaba Kum
Orta Kum
nce Kum
Kil
Tm Zeminler
Halosen
SPT (N)
Vs
Derinlik(m)
Tm Zeminler
Pleistosen
16.8
150
15
18.3
150
15
19.8
150
15
21.3
150
15
22.8
150
15
24.3
150
15
25.8
150
15
27.3
150
15
28.8
150
15
30.3
150
15
14
17
31
16
11
DEPREME DAYANIKLI YAPI YNETMEL (1998) ZEMN VE DEPREM PARAMETRELER

Tabaka Says (TS) = 3
Vs Hz (m/sn)
h (m)
To
Kullanlan Hz (m/sn)
2 yada 3 saysn giriniz !
1. Tabaka
150
1.6
0.4
275
2. Tabaka
275
1.2
3. Tabaka
500
?
2 ya
ii
geo
C
Z3
Z3
YEREL ZEMN SINIFI
SPEKTRUM KRAKTERSTK PERYOTLARI TA=0,15 - TB=0,60 TA=0,15 - TB=0,60
0.4
0.4
ZEMN HAKM TTREM PERYODU (sn)
ZEMN GRUBU
Balangca
iin Tkl
BLGENN DEPREM DERECES
BNA NEM KATSAYISI

MAKSMUM VME
1.5
Deprem Blgesi
1
2
3
4
Ao
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Yerel Zemin Snf

Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
TA (Saniye)
0.1
0.15
0.15
0.2
Zemin Grubu
A
B
C
D
Vs Hz (m/sn)
> 700
400-700
200-400
< 200
0,4
TS= 2 yada 3 !
TB (Saniye)
0.3
0.4
0.6
0.9
Dr.
1. Tabaka
133
1.9
0.88
235
2. Tabaka
235
?
3. Tabaka
Vs
h (m)
To
Kullanlan Hz
Vs
h1
To
Kullanlan Hz
1. Tabaka
150
1.6
0.44
275
2. Tabaka
275
1.2
3. Tabaka
500
?
Balangca Dnmek
iin Tklayn !
2 yada 3 tabaka durumu

iin nceden jeofizikgeoteknik parametreleri
hesaplaynz !
Dr. Ferhat zep
SAHA & LABORATUAR DENEYLER LE ZEMN ZELLKLER
Balangca Dnmek iin

Tklayn !
2 yada 3 tabaka durumu iin
nceden Jeofizik-Geoteknik
Parametreleri Hesapla !!
Tabaka Says 2
yada 3 giriniz !
Tabaka Says (TS) 2

Vs30 (m/sn) = 224
Saha Jeofizik Deney Verileri
Vp Hz (m/sn)
Vs Hz (m/sn)
Poison Oran (kg/cm2)
Elastisite Modl (kg/cm2)
Maksimum Kayma Modl (kg/cm2)
zdiren Deeri (ohm.m)
Vp/Vs Oran
Dr. Ferhat zep
1.Tabaka
282
133
0.36
609
224
9
2.1
2.Tabaka
1000
235
0.47
2828
961
45
4.3
3.Tabaka
-------D; Sert/Sk Zemin
Vs30'a gre NEHRP Zemin Snf
Zemin zellikleri
Sklebilirlik (orta)
Sklebilirlik (ar)
Kaznabilirlik
Korozyon Derecesi
Poisson Oranna Gre

Elastisite Modlne Gre
Kayma Modlne Gre
Vp/Vs Oranna Gre
Suya Doygunluk Dereceleri
Vs Hzlarna Gre
Kohezyonsuz ise
Zemin Durumu (1.Tabaka)
KOLAY SKLEBLR
OK KOLAY SKLEBLR
RAHATA KAZINABLR
YKSEK KOROZF
YKSEK KOROZF
ORTA DERECE SKLEBLR

ORTA SKLEBLR
KOLAY KAZINABLR
ORTA KOROZF
ORTA KOROZF
------
GEVEK
GEVEK
GEVEK
GEVEK
KISMEN DOYGUN
OK GEVEK
ORTA
ORTA
OK GEVEK
SUYA DOYGUN
------
GEVEK
GEVEK
--
Kohezyonlu ise
YUMUAK-ORTA KATI
izelge 1. Orta Gteki Aralar iin Sklebilirlik Snflandrlmas (Bailey, 1975)

P Dalga Hz (m/sn)
Sklebilirlik
457-915
Kolay Sklebilir
915-1372
Orta Derecede Sklebilir
1372-1829
G Sklebilir
izelge 2. Ar Gteki Aralar iin Sklebilirlik Snflandrlmas (Bailey, 1975)
P Dalga Hz (m/sn)
Sklebilirlik
305-610
ok Kolay
610-915
Kolay
915-1525
Orta
1525-2135
Zor
2135-2440
ok Zor
2440-1743
Son Derece Zor
izelge 3. Kaznabilirlik Snflandrlmas (Church, 1981)
Kaznabilirlik Snf
Sismik (P) Hz (m/sn)
Rahata Kaznabilir
>458
Kolay Kaznabilir
458-1220
Orta-Zor Kaznabilir
1220-1525
Zor Kaznabilir
1525-1830
ok Zor Kaznabilir
1830-2135
Patlatcyla Kaznabilir
>2135
izelge 4. ngiliz Standartlar (BS 1021)na gre Zemin zdirenci ve Korozyon Derecesi
Korozyon Derecesi
zdiren Deeri
>10 ohm.m
Yksek Korozif
10-100 ohm.m
Orta Korozif
>100 ohm.m
Hafif Korosif
KATI
--
izelge 5. NEHRP Hkmlerine Gre Zemin Snflamas

Zemin Snf
Tanm
A
Sert Kaya
B
Kaya
C
ok Sk/Sert Zemin yada Yumuak Kaya
D
Sert/Sk Zemin
E
Zayf Zemin
zellikler
Vs>1500
760<Vs<=1500
360<Vs<=760
180<Vs<=360
Vs<180
izelge 6. Poison oran ve VP/Vs oranna gre Zemin/Kaya Ortamlarnn Skl (Ercan, 2001)
Poisson Oran
Zemin/Kaya Skl
Vp/Vs Oran
0.5
Cvk-Sv
Sonsuz
0,4-0,49
ok Gevek
Sonsuz-2,49
0,3-0,39
Gevek
2,49-1,87
0,2-0,29
Sk-Kat
1,87-1,71
0,1-,19
Kat
1,71-1,5
0-0,09
Salam
1,5-1,41
izelge 7. Kohezyonlu Zeminlerin Vs Hzlarna Gre Snflandrlmas (zaydn, 1982)
S Dalga Hz (m/sn)
Zemin Durumu
<200
Yumuak-Orta Kat
200-300
Kat
300-500
ok Kat
500-750
Sert
izelge 7. Kohezyonsuz Zeminlerin Vs Hzlarna Gre Snflandrlmas (zaydn, 1982)
S Dalga Hz (m/sn)
Zemin Durumu
<300
Gevek
300-600
Orta Sk
600-800
Sk
800-1000
ok Sk
TS= 2 yada 3 !

Vp Hz (m/sn)
Vs Hz (m/sn)
Poison Oran (kg/cm^2)
Elastisite Modl (kg/cm^2)
Maksimum Kayma Modl (kg/cm^2)
Vp/Vs Oran
1 Tabaka

Vp Hz (m/sn)
Vs Hz (m/sn)
Poison Oran (kg/cm^2)
Elastisite Modl (kg/cm^2)
Maksimum Kayma Modl (kg/cm^2)
Vp/Vs Oran
1 Tabaka
2. Tabaka
282
133
0.36
609
224
9
2.12
1000
235
0.47
2828
961
45
4.26
2. Tabaka
235
150
0.16
631
273
5
1.57
2. Tabaka
500
275
0.28
2841
1107
25
1.82
1500
500
0.44
13845
4816
95
3.00
G SKLEBLR
SON DERECE ZOR SKLEBLR
PATLATICI LE KAZINABLR
HAFF KOROZF
0.000
OK SALAM
OK SALAM
OK GEVEK
SUYA DOYGUN
0.000
KAYA
Laboratuar & Dier Saha Deney Verileri

PI (%)
LL (%)
Skabilirlik Cc
Permeabilite, m/s
qu, kg/cm2
Bal Sklk (%)
sel Srtnme As ()
SPT(N)
USCS Zemin Simgesi (Kohezyonsuz)
USCS Zemin Simgesi (Kohezyonlu)
D10, D30 ve D60 (srasyla, mm)
Veri
olmayan
hcreler
e
"-"
girin !
30
55
0.19
0.00010000
1.1
15
25
50
CH
0.6
Zemin Tr (Kohezyonsuz)
Zemin Tr (Kohezyonlu)
Cu (niformluluk Katsays)
D10 (mm)
k (permeabilite, m/s)
0.6
0.0036
2.6
Chen (1988)
Zemin zellikleri
Tahmini ime (%)
Plastisite
Derecesi
PI (%) ya Gre Mukavemet
Cc (Normal Konsolide Killer iin)
Skabililik
Drenaj Karekteristii
Geirgenlik Derecesi
Kvam (Kohezyonlu Zeminler)
Sklk (Kohezyonsuz Zeminler)
Zemin Durumu (Kohezyonsuz)
SPT(N)'e Gre sel Srtnme As
SPT(N)'e gre qu, kg/cm^2
SPT(N)'e gre (slak), kN/m^2
Zemin Tr
0.6
KUM
Cz (Erilik Katsays)
Zemin Derecelenme
32.1
Tane Boyu dalm

erisinden belirle !
ime Derecesi
Tane Boyutu (mm)
Chen (1988)
YKSEK
20-30
YKSEK PLASTSTEL
SLTL KL
ORTA
0.41
YKSEK
Y
ORTA
KATI
GEVEK
OK GEVEK KUM
>41
6.70
20-23
Leonards
(1962)
Burmister (1951)
Laboratuar
verilerine gre
likit limitplastisite indisi
grafiinden
belirle !
Sowers (1979)
Y
0.000
Bowles (1988)
Peck (1974)
Peck (1974)
Bowles (1988)
Bowles (1988)
Bowles (1988)
Chen (1988)
Chen (1988)
Birleik Zemin Snflamas (USCS)
Sowers (1979)
Dunn ve di. (1980)
Kumlar iin
(Craig, 1994)
Birleik Zemin
Snflamas iin Tklaynn
!
Sowers (1979)
Plastisitesi Yksek norganik Kil, ien Kil
8.33
2.25
Y
Chen (1988)
Cz (Erilik Katsays)
Bowles (1988)
2.25
YKSEK
20-30
YKSEK PLASTSTEL
SLTL KL
ORTA
0.41
YKSEK
Y
ORTA
KATI
GEVEK
OK GEVEK KUM
>41
6.7
20-23
0
Plastisitesi Yksek norganik Kil, ien Kil
8.33
2.25
0.6
KUM
0.6
0.0036
2.25
Y
izelge 9. isen Killerde Olas Hacim deiikleri (Chen, 1988).

Plastisite ndeksi, PI (%)
Tahmini ime (%)
ime Derecesi
>35
25-35,
<30
20-30,
ok Yksek
Yksek
Birinci Harf
G=akl
15-25,
<15
20-10,
<10
Orta
Dk
S=Kum
M=Silt
C=Kil
O=Organik
Pt=Peat
kinci Harf
W= yi Derecelenmi
P=Zayf Dereceklenmi
M=plastik olmayan nce tane
C=Plastik ince tane
izelge 10. Plastisite indeksi ile plastisite derecesi ilikisi (Leonards, 1962)
Plastisite ndeksi, PI (%)
Plastisite Derecesi
0-5,
Plastik Deil
5-15,
Az Plastik
15-40,
Plastik
>40
ok Plastik
izelge 11. Plastisite ndeksine gre Snflamandrma (Burmister, 1951)
Plastisite ndeksi (%)
Plastisite Derecesi
Tanmlama
0
1-5,
5-10,
10-20,
20-40,
>40
Plastik Deil
nemsiz Derecede Plastisiteli
Dk Plastisiteli
Orta Plastisiteli
Yksek Plastisiteli
ok Yksek Plastisiteli
Silt
Killi Silt
Silt ve Kil
Kil ve Silt
Siltli Kil
Kil
izelge 12. Kohezyonsuz Zeminlerin sel Srtnme Asna gre zellikleri (Peck, 1
Zemin Tr
ok Gevek Kum
Gevek Kum
Orta Sk Kum
Sk Kum
ok Sk Kum
sel Srtnme As (Derece)

<29
29-30
30-36
36-41
>41
L= Dk Plastisite
H= Yksek Plastisite
izelge 13. Kohezyonlu Zeminlerin Serbest basn Dayanm ( qu) 'ya gre
kvam zellikleri (Dunn ve di., 1980)
qu, kg/cm2
kvam
<0,25
ok Yumuak
0,25-0,50
Yumuak
0,50-1,0
Orta Kat
1,0-2,0
Kat
2,0-4,0
ok kat
>4
Sert
izelge 14. Bal Skla gre Zemin zelikleri
Bal Sklk % Dr
Sklk Durumu
0-15
ok gevek
15-35
Gevek
35-65
Orta sk
65-85
Sk
85-100
ok sk
SPT (N)
<4
(4 - 10)
(10 -30)
(30-50)
>50
sel Srtnme As (
Peck (1974)
Meyerhof (1956)
<29
<30
29-30
30-35
30-36
35-40
36-41
40-45
>41
>45
SPT (N)
2
4
8
15
30
qu, kg/cm2
0.25
0.5
1
2
4
Kvam
ok Yumuak
Yumuak
Orta
Kat
ok Kat
CM-ML
A-izgisi
H-L Snr
BRLEK ZEMN SINIFLAMASI

Tipik Adlama
GW
yi derecelenmi
akl, akl kum
karm, ince
malzeme ok az ya
da hi yok
GP
Kt derecelenmi
akl, akl kum
karm, ince
malzeme ok az ya
da hi yok
GM
Siltli akl, aklKum-Silt Karm
GC
Killi akl, akl-kumsilt karm
SW
yi derecelenmi
kum, akll kum, ince
malzeme ok az ya
da hi yok
SP
Kt derecelenmi
kum, akll kum, ince
malzeme ok az ya
da hi yok
SM
Siltli Kum, Kum-Silt

karm
SC
Killi Kum, kum-Kil

karm
ML
norganik silt ve ok
ince kum, kaya unu,
siltli veya killi ince
kum veya plastisitesi
dk killi silt
CL
Plastisitesi dk
veya orta inorganik
kil, akll kil, kumlu
kil, siltli kil, zayf kil
OL
Organik Silt ve
plastisitesi dk
organik siltli kil
MH
norganik silt, mikal

veya diyotemelli, ince
kumlu veya siltli
toprak, elastik silt
CH
Plastisitesi yksek
inorganik kil, ien kil
OH
Plastisitesi orta veya

yksek organik kil,
organik silt
Pt
Turba ve olduka
organik dier
zeminler
Gi
Laboratuar Snflama ltleri

Tane boyu erisinden kum ve akl yzdelerini belirleyiniz. nce malzeme ( <200 no'lu elek
akl) yzdesine dayanarak iri taneli zeminler aadaki gibi snflandrlr. % 5'den az ise GW,
GP, SW, SP. %12'den fazla ise GW, GC, SM, SC. %5-12 aras ise snr zonunda malzeme.ki
simge birlikte kullanlacaktr.
Salt akl (Temiz akl,

ince az yada yok)
nce
Malzemeli
akl
Salt Kum (Temiz
Kum, ince az yada
yok)
nce Malzemeli
Kum
Siltler ve Killer (Likit Limit 50'nin

altnda)
Siltler ve Killer (Likit Limit
50'nin stnde)
akllar
(ri Taneli malzemenin yardan fazlas

4 nolu elek aklndan daha byk)
(ri Taneli malzemenin yardan fazlas
4 nolu elek aklndan daha kk)
Organik
Zeminler
nce Taneli Zeminler
Kumlar
ri Taneli Zeminler
Ana Blmler
Grup
Simgeleri
Cu> 4 ve Cz 1 ve 3 arasnda
GW iin gerekli olan derecelenme/granlometri

koullarnn hibirini karlamaz.
Atterberg limitleri "A"

izgisinin altnda
"A" izgisinin stnde ve PI
veya PI < 4
4 ile 7 arasnda snr zonunu
Atterberg limitleri "A" olutur. Her iki simge (GM
ve GC) birlikte kullanlr.
izgisinin stnde ve
PI > 7
Cu> 6 ve Cz 1 ve 3 arasnda
SW iin gerekli olan derecelenme/granlometri

koullarnn hibirini karlamaz.

izgisinin altnda
veya PI < 4
izgisinin stnde ve
PI > 7
Taral zon iinde ve PI 4 ile 7

arasnda snr zon oluturur.
Likit Limi - Plastisite ndisi

Grafiinden (ekil 1) belirle !
Likit Limit - Plastisite
ndisi Grafiinden
belirle !
ndisi Grafiinden
belirle !
ndisi Grafiinden
belirle !
ndisi Grafiinden
belirle !
ndisi Grafiinden
belirle !
"Labora
Zemin
rnek 1
Likit Limit (%) =
Plastik Limit (%) =
Plastisite ndisi (%) =
rnek 2
Likit Limit (%) =
Plastik Limit (%) =
rnek 3
75
60
15
55
20
35
Likit Limit (%) =

Plastik Limit (%) =
rnek 4
Likit Limit (%) =
Plastik Limit (%) =
45
30
15
45
20
25
60
rnek 1
rnek 3
Column U
Plastisite ndisi PI (%)
50
rnek 2
rnek 4
A izgisi
40
CH
30
MH & OH
CL
20
CL&ML
10
ML & OL
0
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Likit Limit LL (%)
100.00
100.00
90.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
100.00
ekil 1. Kohezyonlu Zeminler (Kil-Silt) iin Likit Limit (LL) -Plastisite ndisi (PI) likisi
rnek A
Elek No
rnek B
rnek C
rnek D
rnek E
(% ) Geen
80.00
70.00
60.00
50.00
40.00
30.00
20.00
10.00
0.00
0.001
0.010
0.100
1.000
Tane Boyutu (mm)
ekil 2. Tane Boyu dalm (granlometri) erisi

Tane Boyu dalm erisinden
(ekil 2) belirle !
10.000
100.000
Tane Boyu dalm erisinden

(ekil 2) belirle !
D10 (mm)
0.6
D30 (mm)
2.6
D60 (mm)
5
Cu (niformluluk
Katsays)
Cz (Erilik Katsays)
8.33
2.25
Elek No 200
Birinci Simge
G=akl
S=Kum
M=Silt
C=Kil
O=Organik
Pt=Peat
kinci / Alt Simge
W= yi Derecelenmi
P=Zayf Derecelenmi
tane
C=Plastik ince tane
L= Dk Plastisite
H= Yksek Plastisite
Geen
Kalan
55
45
NCE TANEL (KOHEZYONLU) ZEMN
ekil 1. (LL-PI erisi)'ne gre deerlendir !
Zemin Tr
GM,GC,SM
R TANEL ZEMNLER
Ana Simge Belirleme
Elek No 4
Tr
Ana Simge
Geen
55
KUM
S
Kalan
45
Y
0.000
Alt Simge Belirleme (1)

Cz
2.25
Y
Derecelenme
Alt Simge
W
Zemin Simge
S W
Alt Simge Belirleme (2)
PI
8
LL
25
Zemin Alt Simge
C
3.5
PI
M
PI Koulu
Alt Simge
A izgisi Kolu
Alt Simge
C
C
Girie Dnmek iin

Tklayn !
"Laboratuar&Saha Deneyleri ile

Zemin zellikleri"ne Dnmek iin
Tklayn !
Dr. Ferhat zep
NCE TANEL (KOHEZYONLU) ZEMN
PI
Ana Simge
32
C
LL
Alt Simge
48
L
19.6
PI
Zemin Simge
0
CL
rnek A
Tane
Boyutu
(mm)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
rnek B
Geen
(%)
95.00
89.60
86.40
82.90
72.30
35.70
15.400
9.60
1.2
0.8
Tane
Boyutu
(mm)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
rnek C
Geen
(%)
85.00
85.00
75.00
65.00
55.00
45.00
14.000
5.00
4
0.9
Tane
Boyutu
(mm)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
Geen
(%)
92.00
87.00
84.00
79.00
72.00
55.00
22.000
14.00
4
1
Zemin Tr (Kabaca) aadaki aralktadr:

GM,GC,SM,SC
LL
0.0
25.5
30.0
PI
4.0
4.0
7.3
1000.0
30.0
715.4
7.3
1000.0
892.8
50
50.0
0
1000.0
rnek D
Tane
Boyutu
(mm)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
rnek E
Geen
(%)
98.00
88.00
75.00
74.00
72.30
46.00
19.000
9.00
6
1
Tane
Boyutu
(mm)
37.500
20.000
14.000
10.000
6.300
3.350
1.180
0.6
0.212
0.063
Geen
(%)
93.00
88.00
86.40
81.00
73.00
31.00
21.000
13.00
3
0.9
ZEMN EMNYET GERLMES

(STATK & DNAMK) HESABI
Dr. Ferhat zep
Balangca Dnmek
iin Tklayn !
SPT, Vs ve laboratuar verileri ile analiz iin

zorunlu
SPT, Vs ve laboratuar verileri ile analiz iin
zorunlu
Laboratuar verileri ile analiz iin
zorunlu
Laboratuar verileri ile analiz iin
zorunlu
Yap Verileri
Temel Derinlii, m
Df
Temel Genilii, m
Temel Uzunluu, m
B
L
2
4
Dairesel Temelin ap, m
Uygun Hz Deeri iin Tklayn !
Temel Tabanndan itibaren

Yaklak 2B derinlie kadar olan Ortalama
Vs (m/s)
Sondaj ve SPT verisi blmnde dzeltmeleri yapmak

ve ortalamay bulmak iin tklayn!
184
Temel Tabanndan itibaren

Yaklak 2B derinlie kadar olan Ortalama
SPT(dz)
15
Ortam Kohezyonlu ise
Ortam Kohezyonsuz ise
c=0
Kant (2003)
SPT(N)'den Tretilen
SPT (N) deeri
c, ton/m2
Laboratuar deneylerinden yada

SPT (N)'e gre izelge 2'den
sein ! ( c=qu/2)
15
32
9.91
Laboratuar Deneylerinden
Laboratuar Verileri ve Katsaylar

Kohezyon, ton/m2
Temel Taban st / Birim Hacim Arl, ton/m3
Temel taban Alt / Birim Hacim Arl, ton/m3
sel Srtnme As (o)
Temelin Deyden Eimi (0)
Tama Gc Katsaylar
Tama Gc Katsaylar
Tama Gc Katsaylar
Nq
Nq
Nc
0
1.8
1.8
30
0
22.4
18.3
37.0
Terzaghi (1943)
Meyerhof (1963)
Terzaghi (1948)
Meyerhof (1973)
Vesic (1973)
Nc
N
N
Kp
2.993
37.0
sc
1.299
30.0
sq
s
dc
1.150
1.150
1.086
1.086
Eim Katsaylar
dq
d
ic
Eim Katsaylar
iq
1.000
Eim Katsaylar
1.000
Tama Gc Katsaylar
Tama Gc Katsaylar
Tama Gc Katsaylar
----ekil Katsaylar
ekil Katsaylar
ekil Katsaylar
Derinlik Katsaylar
Derinlik Katsaylar
Derinlik Katsaylar
30.0
22.3
15.6
Laboratuar Deneylerinden
1.173
1.000
Meyerhof (1963)
Yeraltsuyu Temelin zerinde ise aadaki Efektif Birim Hacim Arl kullann !
1.0
w
Suyun Birim Hacim Arl, ton/m3
Laboratuar
s
1.8
Doygun Birim Hacim Arl, ton/m3
0.8
Efektif Birim Hacim Arl, ton/m3
Deneylerinden
ekil 1. Temel Parametreleri

Zemin Tr
SPT (N)
sel Srtnme As (
Peck (1974Meyerhof (1956)
ok Gevek Kum
Gevek Kum
Orta Sk Kum
Sk Kum
ok Sk Kum
<4
(4 - 10)
(10 -30)
(30-50)
>50
<29
29-30
30-36
36-41
>41
<30
30-35
35-40
40-45
>45
Kvam
SPT (N)
qu, kg/cm2
ok Yumuak Yumuak Orta

2
4
0.25
0.5
Kat
8
1
15
2
3.0
1.299266
1.1496327553
1.1496327553
1
1
1.086496461
1.086496461
1
1
1.172993
ok Kat
30
4
zep
aliz iin
SONULAR
Gvenlik Katsays
3
aliz iin
Laboratuar Deney Verileri le
Temel Tr
qult (Tama Gc), ton/m2
Srekli Temel /erit Temel
Terzaghi (1943)'e Gre

qa (Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi), kPa
268
255
214
241
80.37
Dikdrtgen Temel
76.35
Dairesel Temel
64.31
Kare Temel
72.34
Meyerhof (1963)'e Gre

254
76.22
Radye Temellerde b
deerin 2 kat alnab
Saha Deney Verileri le

SPT(N)'den
YASS (m)
Df (m)
B (m)
Cw
Df<= B
iin
geerlidir !
Max 25 mm Oturma in
Bowles (1996)
Meyerhof (1956)
236
130
1
1.5
2
0.8
SPT (N)den bulunan emniyet

gerilmesi iin yeraltsuyu etkisi
dzeltme katsays. Bu (Cw) deeri
zemin emniyet gerilmesi ile
arpnz !
Radye Temellerde b
deerin 2 kat
alnabilir.
Radye Temellerde b
deerin 2 kat
alnabilir.
Vs Hzndan
Craig (1992)
Max 25 mm Oturma in
Imai ve Yoshimura (1977) ile Bowles (1996)
180
Burland ve Burbridge (1985) Yaklam ile

SPT (N) (Dzeltilmemi)
12
B (m)
Ic
2
0.053

292
Tezcan ve di. (2004) Yaklam
Kayma Dalgas Hz, Vs (m/sn)
200
kma Dalgas Hz, Vp (m/sn)

Younluk (gr/cm3)
400
1.8
qa (Emniyetli Tama Gc), kPa

180
Radye Temellerde b
deerin 2 kat
alnabilir.
Dinamik (Deprem) Etki Altnda Tama Gc Analizi (Richards ve di., 1993 Yaklam)
Yatay vme
Dey vme
vme Faktr
sel Srt. As
kh
kv
KpE
0.4
0.2
26.58
30
0
1.864
NqE
NcE
N
18.0
11.4
18.0
14.3
Dinamik Tama Gc Katsaylar
Temel Tr
Dairesel Temel
Kare Temel

46.32
36.01
41.16
Gvenlik Katsays
3
Dairesel Temel
Kare Temel
154
120
137
Birim Dnm
1
kg/cm2
10
100
spt
0
ton/m2
yas
kN/m2 yada kPa
0
0.00
Birim Dnm
0.00
10
ton/m
kg/cm2
100
kN/m2 yada kPa
Birim Dnm
236.3593
100
245.4545
kN/m2 yada kPa
10
ton/m2
kg/cm2
Radye Temellerde bu
eerin 2 kat alnabilir.
Radye Temellerde bu
deerin 2 kat
alnabilir.
Radye Temellerde bu
deerin 2 kat
alnabilir.
Radye Temellerde bu
deerin 2 kat
alnabilir.
147.0273
130.2338
sptden treyen vs hz
sptdz st #DIV/0!
#VALUE!
15
OTURMA ANALZ (Statik& Dinamik)
Balangca Dnmek iin

Tklayn !
Dr. Ferhat zep
Yap Verileri
q
Df
B
L
qnet
Yap Yk, ton /m2

Temel Derinlii, m
Temel Genilii, m
Temel Uzunluu, m
BirimHacimArl, ton/m3
Net Yap Yk
24
1
2
10
1.8
22.2
ton/m2
217.7
kN/m2 yada kPa

Yk
Statik Yklerle Analiz

Oturma (Ani, Kohezyonsuz Zeminler iin) I
Burland ve Burbrigde (1985) Yaklam ile zm

q
L
B
H
t
Df
24
10
2
5
10
10
1
1.8
Ic
r
r3
Z1
7
0.2
0.3
1.6 m
SPT(N) Dz.
ton/m2
m
m
m
yl
Analiz Yaplan Tabaka

Kalnl
Sre en az 3 yl
Yukardaki ilikilerden yada Arazi Deneylerinden
yaklak 2B derinlie kadar ortalam bir deer olarak
Seiniz !
m
ton/m3
SPT(N)'e gre ekil

2'den
izelge1'den
izelge1'den
B'ye gre ekil 1'den
-3.6
fs
f
ft
1.4
1.0
1.4
qnet
22.20 ton/m
217.7 kN/m2
Toplam Temel Alan bana den

(Yap Yk-Kazlan Zemin Arl)
Net Temel Basnc
ekil 1. Temel genilii (B) ve etki
Ortalama (mm)
Si (Oturma)
47.9
16.0
E (kN/m2)
(poison Oran)
mv (m2/kN)
Oturma (Konsolidasyon) II
mv
H
qnet
0.0001 m2/kN
3 m
145 kN/m2
Sc (Oturma)
43.5 mm
12000
0.3
0.00010000
Francis (1964)
Elasitiste Modnnn Amprik lik

Oturma (Kohezyonlu Zeminler iin, Ani ) III
q
B
L
Df
H
Ed
qnet
Si
20
0.9
0.55
240
3
6
1.5
3.5
20
210
kN/m3
Kumlar iin Elasitiste Modnnn

SPT Deeri
ekil 3'den
Kum (normal Konsolide)

ekil 3'den
kN/m2
m
m
m
m
MN/m2
kN/m2
SPT deerinden, qu
deerinden yada izelge
2'den
Kum (Doygun)
Kum Ar Konsolide
akll Kum ve akl
Killi kum
Siltli Kum
Killer iin Elasitiste Modnnn q

qu
15.59 mm
Ip > 30
Ip < 30 yada Sert
Normal Konsolide Hassas Kil

Normal Konsolide Hassas
ve Hafif Ar Konsolide Kil
iddetli Ar Konsolide Kil
izelge 2. eitli zemin Trlerinin sta

Zemin Tr
Yumuak Killer
Kat Killer
Sert Killer
Kumlu Killer
Siltli Killer
Gevek Kum
Sk Kum
Sk akl-Kum
ekil 3. Ani Oturma Analizi iin Etki Katsaylar
izelge 3. eitli zemin Trlerinin

Zemin Tr
Doygun Kil
Doygun Olmayan Kil
veya Kumlu kil
Kum ( = 40)
Kum ( = 20)
Silt
Kaya
Oturma IV
q
L
B
Df
E
qnet
Is
Is
Elasitiste Modnnn Jeofizik l

240
6
3.5
2
20
0.5
7
200
1.44
1.11
kN/m2
m
m
m
kN/m3
Elasitiste Modnnn Jeofizik Vp

izelge 3'den
MN/m
kN/m2
Bklebilir Temel
Rijit Temel
2
SPT deerinden, qu deerinden

yada izelge 2'den
Ani Oturma (Si)

107.9 mm
83.2 mm
Elasitiste Modnnn Jeofizik Vp

E (dinamik), kg/cm2
609
E (statik), MN/m2
1
(Bklebilir Temel) Elasitiste Modnnn Jeofizik Gm

(Rijit Temel)
G (max), kg/cm2
(poison Oran)
G (statik), kg/cm2
E(statik )
Basit Yaklamlar (1)

Oturma (SPT 'den bulunan Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesinden, qa) V
qnet
qa
240 kN/m2
250 kN/m2
SPT(N) ve qu'nun Jeofizik Vs hzn
Vs (m/s)
SPT(N) yada Edeeri
Oturma (Si)
qu (kg/cm3)
24.0 mm
Basit Yaklamlar (2)
SPT (N) Deerinden (Meyerhof Yaklam) VI
qnet
SPT (N)
B
Temel tabanndan itibaren yaklak
2B derinliine kadar ortalama (SPT
(N) Dz.) bir deer alnz !
240 kN/m2
15 Darbe Says
1.5 m
25.2
20.3
Oturma (Si)
25.2 mm
30.4 mm
Basit Yaklamlar (3)

SPT (N) Deerinden (Terzaghi ve Peck Yaklam) VII
qnet
240 kN/m2
SPT (N)
15 Darbe Says
B
1.5 m
Df
1.5 m
Y.A.S.S
3 m
Oturma (Si)
34.6 mm
Temel tabanndan itibaren yaklak 2B derinliine
kadar ortalama (SPT (N) Dz.) bir deer alnz !
Vp (m/sn)
282
E (statik), MN/m2
5
Radye Temeller iin

Basit Yaklamlar (4)

SPT (N) Deerinden (Bowles, 1977) VIII
SPT
B
q

15 Darbe Says
1.5 m
240 KN/m2
24
20.809712
22.998982
Oturma (Si)
23.0 mm
Basit Yaklamlar (5)
SPT (N) Deerinden (Meyerhof, 1974) IX
SPT
B
q

15 Darbe Says
1.5 m
240 KN/m2
Oturma (Si)
Siltli Kum iin
Kum ve akl iin
32.7 mm
16.3 mm
Basit Yaklamlar (6)

SPT (N) Deerinden (Meyerhof 1965) X
SPT
B
q
15 Darbe Says
1.5 m
240 KN/m2

24
33.295539
34.498474
Oturma (Si)
34.5 mm
ekil 4. Hacimsel birim deformasy
Dr. Ferhat zep
Dinamik Yklerle Analiz (1)

Ishihara ve Yoshimine (1992) Yaklam
Bu analiz iin daha nce svlama analizi yaplp GK'nn bulunmas gereklidir !
GK
N1(60)
Dr
h (m)
N1
%
0.45
6
40
1
6.6
4.2
Hacimsel birim
deformasyon
Dinamik Yklerle Analiz (2)
zeminin svlamaya kar gvenlik

katsays
zeminin Dzeltilmi SPT60 deeri
zeminin bal sklk deeri
svlaan tabaka kalnl
Oturma Sd
4.2
cm
ekil 4'den Gk ve N1
(yada Dr) deerine
gre belirleyin !
Tokimatsu ve Seed (1984) Yaklam

Bu analiz iin daha nce svlama analizi yaplp CSR'nin bulunmas gereklidir !
depremin devirsel kayma gerilmesi oran
CSR
N1(60)
h (m)
%
0.4
10
10
2.5
zeminin dzeltilmi SPT60 deeri

svlaan tabaka
kalnl
ekil 5'den Gk ve N1 (60) deerine gre
belirleyin !
Oturma Sd
Hacimsel birim
25
cm
deformasyon
Dinamik
Yklerle Analiz (3)
Kuru Kumlar iin Analiz

Krinitsky ve di. (1993)
vme
N1(60)
h (m)
%
0.45
9
10
0.35
depremin ivmesi
zeminin dzeltilmi SPT60
deeri
hesaba katlan kum tabakas
kalnl
ekil 6'dan vme ve N1 (60) deerine gre
belirleyin !
Oturma Sd
Hacimsel birim deformasyon
3.5
cm
i (B) ve etki derinlii Z1 arasndaki iliki (Burland ve Burbrigde (1985).
izelge 1
r
r3
0.2
0.3
ekil 2 Kum ve akllar iin SPT deerine
Amprik likiler ve izelgeler Yardmyla Kestirilmesi
Modnnn SPT (N) Deerinden Kestirilmesi

5
E
9545 kPa
21132 kPa
4773 kPa
29250 kPa
12109 kPa
6109 kPa
3027 kPa
Elasitiste Modnnn SPT (N) Deerind

SPT Deeri
10
21
5
29
12
6
3
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
Kum
Killi Kum
Silt (Kumla)
akl (kumla)
Kum (min)
Kum (max)
odnnn qu'dan Kestirilmesi

98 kPa
min
max
min
max
Elasitiste Modnnn SPT (N) Deerind
4900
24500
24500
73500
E
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
4.9
24.5
24.5
73.5
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
MN/m2
SPT Deeri
Kum
Bowles (1988)
Min
kPa
9800
36750
73500
Trlerinin statik elastisite modlleri
E Deeri (MN/m2)
2 ila 5
4 ila 8
7 ila 20
30 ila 40
7 ila 20
10 ila 25
50 ila 90
100 ila 200
n Trlerinin Poison Oranlar

(poison Oran)
0,4-0,5
0,2-0,4
0,3-0,4
0,1-0,2
0,3-0,4
0,1-0,4
MN/m2
10
Max
kPa
24500
MN/m2
25
37
74
58800
98000
59
98
Jeofizik lmler Yardmyla Kestirilmesi

Jeofizik Vp Hzndan Kestirilmesi (1)
Kelly ve Mares (1993)
Jeofizik Vp Hzndan Kestirilmesi (2)

Jeofizik Gmax'dan Kestirilmesi (3)

224
Imai ve Yoshimura
0.36
(1975)
7
2 Mpa
fizik Vs hzndan Kestirilmesi (4)
133
5
0.98

(yada VS-SPT(N) yaklamlarndan birini
kullanmak iin hcreyi tklaynz!)
Uygun GK deeri iin N1 (yada

Dr) erilerini dey olarak
hacimsel deformasyonu (%)
kesecek ekilde indir !
m deformasyon (, % olarak)'nun svlama analizinden bulunan GK'ya

ve N1'e bal deiimi (Ishihara ve Yoshimine, 1992)
ar iin SPT deerine bal olarak iin kompresibilite indeks (Ic) deerleri (Burland ve Burbrigde (1985).
n SPT (N) Deerinden Kestirilmesi

Webb (1969)
5
E
Webb (1969)
2
9560 kPa
10 MN/m
Begeman (1974)
3187 kPa
3 MN/m2
Begeman (1974)
3237 kPa
4 MN/m2
2747 kPa
3 MN/m2
Tromifenkov (1974)
23999 kPa
24 MN/m2
Tromifenkov (1974)
34284 kPa
34 MN/m2
3630
2747
3237
12949
n SPT (N) Deerinden ve Poison Oranndan Kestirilmesi
Poison Oran
0.3
5
E
3908 kPa
4 MN/m2
Farrent (1963)
CSR
Hacimsel birim deformasyon (%) Erileri
N1(60)
ekil 5. Hacimsel birim deformasyon (, % olarak)'nun CSR (deprem) ve N1(60)'a bal
deiimi (Tokimatsu ve Seed, 1984)
0.4
0.3
Kuru Kumlar iin deprem

nedeniyle oluan hacimsel
kmann bulunmas
0.2
0.1
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
vme (g)
ekil 6. Hacimsel birim deformasyon (, % olarak)'nun depremin vmesi g olarak)
ve N1(60)'a bal deiimi (Krinitsky ve di. (1993)
olarak)
YATAK KATSAYISI BELRLENMES

1. YAKLAIM
SPT Verileri ile
Scot (1981)Yaklam
SPT (N) yada Edeeri
Balangca Dnmek iin
Scott (1981) yaklam

Dr. Ferhat zep
15
ks
2700 ton/m3
ks
27000 kN/m3
2. YAKLAIM
Abak Yaklam
qu
SPT(N)
2.0 kg/cm2
13
qu veya SPT(N) deerlerinden veya yukardaki edeerlerinden yararlanarak aadaki abaa gre belirleyin!
ekil 1. SPT (N), sel Srtnme As (ve Serbest Basn Dayanm (qu)ya gre ks yatak katsays (ekerciolu, 2002)
Balangca Dnmek iin Tklayn !

Bowles (1988) Yaklam
3. YAKLAIM
Bowles (1988)Yaklam
110 kN/m2
qa (Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi)
GK (Gvenlik Katsays)
ks
17600 kN/m3
4. YAKLAIM
Killi Zeminler iin !
Bowles (1988)Yaklam
qu
ks
620
kN/m2
24.000-48.000
kN/m3
5. YAKLAIM
Aadaki izelge'den zemin trne gre uygun bir aralk seiniz !!
izelge (Bowles, 1988)
Zemin Tr
Gevek Kum
Orta Sk Kum
Sk Kum
Siltli Orta Sk Kum
Killi Orta Sk Kum
Killli Zemin (qu <= 200 kPa)
Killli Zemin (200 < qu <= 800 kPa)
Killli Zemin (qu > 800 kPa)
(ks), kN/m3
4.800 - 16.000
9.600 80.000
64.000 - 128.000
24.000 - 48.000
32.000 - 80.000
12.000 - 24.000
24.000 - 48.000
>48.000
6. YAKLAIM (Jeofizikten Tretilen Parametrelerin Kombinasyonu ile)

vs1
vs2
h1
Vs
Edeer qu
Edeer SPT(N)
ko
133
235
1.87
235 m/sn
3.6 kg/cm2
31
18 kg/cm3
(Imai ve Yoshimura, 1977)

(Imai ve Yoshimura, 1977)
Uchiyama ve di. (1984)
Vs hzndan tretilen parametreleri ilk be yaklamda kullanarak ks deerini elde edin !
ve di. (1984)
Bowles (1988) Yaklam
7. YAKLAIM
Bowles (1988)Yaklam
S (Oturma)
qnet
ks
30 mm
250 kN/m2
8333 kN/m3
Birim Dnm
1
10
100
kg/cm2
ton/m2
kN/m2 yada kPa
Birim Dnm
10
ton/m2
kg/cm2
100
kN/m2 yada kPa
Birim Dnm
100
kN/m2 yada kPa
10
ton/m2
kg/cm2
1
BAST EV STABLTE ANALZ

Kullanlacak Veriler
ev As,
sel Srtnme As,
Deprem vmesi
Balangca Dnmek iin

Tklayn !
15
25
0.4
Dr. Ferhat zep
Ayrnt iin "vme Azalm

likileri" blm iin Tklayn !
1. Yaklam : Statik Ykler Durumunda

Laboratuar deneylerinden ya da
yukardaki yaklamlardan birini kullann !
Kumlar iin
ev As,
24
sel Srtnme As,
36
Gk
ekil 1. ev Parametreleri
Gvenlik Katsays
1.6
Deer "1"den
bykse ev
gvenlidir!
0,1g; 0,2g; 0,3g ve 0,4g

deerlerinden birini sein !
0,1g; 0,2g; 0,3g ve 0,4g

deerlerinden birini sein !
2. Yaklam : Dinamik (Deprem) Ykler Durumunda (Siyah, ve Ansal, 1993)

Deprem vmesi
ev As,
sel Srtnme As,
N1(min)
0.4
45
29
2.17
Gk
Laboratuar deneylerinden ya da
yukardaki yaklamlardan birini kullann !
Gvenlik Katsays
0
3.90
1.2
1.2
ORTA TEHLKE / BSL
ekil 2. N1(min) deerlerinin deprem ivmesine ve ev asna bal olarak deiimi (Siyahi ve Ansal, 1993)
0.1
3.42
3. Yaklam: evi Tetikleyecek Kritik vmenin ( ac) Kestirimi (Wilson ve di., 1979)
g (yerekimi ivmesi)
c
ev As,
sel Srtnme As,
980
3
35
24
1.7
3
cm/sn2
ton/m2
ton/m3
m
ac
Zeminin
Kohezyonu
ev As
Tabakann sel Srtnme As
Zeminin Birim Hacim Arl
Kayan Tabakann Kalnl
0.38 g
Yardmc Hesaplamalar
Vs (m/s)
SPT(N) Edeeri

(yada Vs Hz-SPT(N) yaklamlardan birini
kulanmak iin hcreyi tklaynz !
175
13
Dr. Ferhat
zep
13
Kant (2003)
SPT(N) Deeri
Tretilen
#VALUE!
8
30
0.2
2.93
0.3
2.52
0.4
2.17
izelge 1. Mikroblgeleme iin dinamik ev Stabilite Analizine sonucuna gre Gk'ya bal Tehlike Seviyeleri
Gk Deeri
Risk Seviyesi
<=1
Yksek Tehlike
Simge
ASL
1< GK <=2
Orta Tehlike
BSL
>2
Dk Tehlike
CSL
0
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
#DIV/0!
R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)
PROBALSTK DEPREM TEHLKE ANALZ

YIL
Poison Olaslk Dalm ile Deprem Risk Analizi
Tek tip
Magnit
d
Kullan!
Grafii
doru
izdirme
k iin,
0 (sfr)
deerine
sahip
hcreyi
Sil!
Regresyon iin Veri Says
Proje alan evresinde 100 kmlik bir

yarap iinde kalan depremleri
alnz !
simgesi kkeit anlamna
gelir
Magnitd Aralklar
Ni (Oluum Saylar)
4.5 M <5.0
80
5.0 M<5.5
40
5.5 M<6.0
24
6.0 M<6.5
3
6.5 M<7.0
1
7.0 M<7.5
1
Ortalama Magnitd M yada (Xi

Ni (Kmlatif Olu Saylar)
Ni/t
Log Ni/t yada (Yi)
4.7
149
1.3545454545
0.1317935833
5.2
69
0.6272727273
-0.2025435944
5.7
29
0.2636363636
-0.5789946873
6.2
5
0.0454545455
-1.3424226808
6.7
2
0.0181818182
-1.7403626895
7.2
1
0.009090909
-2.04139269
Xi
Yi
Xi^2
35.7000000
-5.7739228
216.7900000
a
b
4.560237192
-0.928160950
XiYi
(Xi)^2
-38.4155445
1274.4900000
Log (N) = a - b* M
Dr. Ferhat zep
MAGNTD - OLUUM SAYISI LKS
OLUUM SAYISI (N)
Veri
Girii
Yaplan
Stun
Says
110
Bu program Poison olaslk dalmn kullanarak

Deprem Risk Analizi yapar.
Hazrlayan:
Dr.Ferhat zep
.. Mh.Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
4.5
f(x) = - 0.9281609498x + 4.5602371921

5
5.5
6
6.5
R = 0.9826561956
MAGNTD
7.5
Poison Olaslk Dalm

Rm = 1- e-(N(M) *D)
N(M)
0.830677
0.285333
0.098010
0.033666
0.011564
0.003972
D (Yl) iin Olaslk (%)
Tekrarlama Periyodu
10
100.0
99.9
89.5
53.9
23.4
8.7
50
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.9
73.6
36.7
75
100.0
100.0
100.0
99.7
86.4
49.6
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
93.0
59.9
(Yl)
D (yl)
% Alma Olasl
M (magnitd)
50
10
7.8
, episantr (km)
H, odak Derinlii (km)
25
15
29.2
Esteva (1970)
Donavan(1973c)
Oliviera (1974)
Joyner ve Boore (1981)
Campbell (1997)
0.22
0.28
0.22
0.50
0.57
Magnitd
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
Yukardaki D (yl) ve %
olarak alma oran iin
ivme deerleri
vme (g)
8.1
-0.0512933
-0.0010259
-6.8822183
-2.9889094
###
-0.1053605157
-0.0021072103
-6.1623903327
-2.6762921168
-7.236529309
Joyner ve Boore (1981) Azalm likisine gre

vme - Alma Olasl
90
80
70
10
20
60
50
0.50
0.41
40
30
7.8
7.4
20
-0.1053605157 10
-0.2231435513
-0.0021072103 0
-0.004462871
-6.1623903327 0.10 -5.4119629922
0.20
-2.6762921168
-2.3503856638
-7.236529309
-6.910622856
Alma Olasl (%)
0.61
1
4
10
30
86
252
Dr. Ferhat zep
Ayntl analiz iin vme

azalm ilikileri blm
iin tklaynz !
5
alma olaslbyklk
Ortalama
40
80
0.33
0.24
7.1
6.5
-0.5108256238
-0.0102165125
0.30-4.5837499975
0.40
-1.9906973303
vme (g olarak)
-6.550934522
-1.6094379124
-0.0321887582
-3.4361380101
0.50
0.60
-1.4922957768
-6.052532969
0.70
Proje alan evresinde 100 kmlik bir yarap iinde kalan depremleri
alnz !
GUMBEL U DEERLER (TP I)
ak
YNTEM LE DEPREM RSK ANALZ

Xi'lerin Says
14
Her inceleme
ylnda
meydana
gelen en
byk
depremi aln
ve hi
deprem
kayd
olmayan
yllar iin o
yl iin en
iddetli
depremin
bykln
4.0 yada
daha byk
bir deer
sein !
Magnitd (xi)
Oluum Saylar, J
4.5
4.6
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.4
50
3
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
6.7
7.4
1
1
t(yl)+1
t (yl)
70
Depremlerin
oluum aral
J / (t+1)
0.7042
0.0423
0.0141
0.0423
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0141
0.0282
0.0423
0.0141
0.0141
G(M)
0.7042
0.7465
0.7606
0.8028
0.8169
0.8310
0.8451
0.8592
0.8873
0.9296
0.9437
0.9577
[-lnG(M)]
0.3507
0.2924
0.2737
0.2196
0.2022
0.1851
0.1683
0.1518
0.1195
0.0730
0.0580
0.0432
0.0141
0.0141
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.9718
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.9859
0.0286
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
0.0142
70
Bu say t(yl) olmal. Bulunan deer az
ise en dk magnitddeki oluum
saysna ekleme yaparak tamamla !!
son magnitd iin bu

deer =0,990 olmal!!
Yi
[log[-lnG(M)]]
-0.4551
-0.5340
-0.5627
-0.6583
-0.6941
-0.7325
-0.7738
-0.8187
-0.9225
-1.1365
-1.2367
-1.3648
-1.5440
-1.8482
Bu program Gumbel U
Deerler
(Tip I) Olaslk Dalmn
kullanarak
Deprem Risk Analizi yapar.
Hazrlayan:
Dr.Ferhat zep
.. Mh.Fak. Jeofizik Mh.
Bl.
OLUUM SAYISI
4.0
4.5
5.0
5.5
6.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
8.0
Xi
Yi
Xi^2
XiYi
(Xi)^2
77.55
-13.2820501
438.6525000
-78.0680836
6014.0025000
f(x) = - 0.494996841x + 1.7932110664

R = 0.9830369721
ln
MAGNTD
1.793211066
-0.494996841
G (M) = exp (- D exp (- M))

M (MAGNTD)
5
5.5
6
6.5
7
7.5
D (yl)
1
18.8
11.1
6.4
3.7
2.1
1.2
0.434294482
1.14
62.12
PROB=1- G(M)
D (yl)
10
87.5
69.2
48.6
31.4
19.2
11.3
D (yl)
25
99.4
94.7
81.1
61.0
41.3
26.0
D (yl)
50
100.0
99.7
96.4
84.8
65.5
45.2
D (yl)
100
100.0
100.0
99.9
97.7
88.1
70.0
Gumbel U Deerler Yntemi

-0.2231435513
olarak alma oran
iin ivme deerleri
D (yl)
50
% Alma Olasl
, episantr (km)
50
15
52.2
Esteva (1970)
Donavan(1973c)
Oliviera (1974)
Joyner ve Boore(1981)
Campbell (1997)
0.17
0.23
0.17
0.31
0.61
olarak alma oran
iin ivme deerleri
M (magnitd)
8.4
7.184611E-005
-9.5409840623
Ayntl analiz iin vme azalm

ilikileri blm iin tklaynz !
Joyner ve Boore (1981) Azalm likisine gre

vme- Alma
5
10
20 Olasl
40
80
90
0.65
0.45
0.31
0.20
0.11
80
70
60
50
40
30
-0.05129329420 -0.1053605157
-0.2231435513
-0.5108256238
-1.6094379124
0.000016515103.3923200E-005 7.1846112E-005
0.0001644719
0.0005181949
-11.01123932 0-10.2914114029
-9.5409840623
-8.7127710677
-7.5651590802
0.00 9.0 0.10
0.20 8.4 0.30
0.40 7.6 0.50
0.60
0.70
9.7
6.6
Alma Olasl (%)
vme (g)
20
vme (g olarak)
DEPREMLERN ZAMAN DAILIM ZELLKLER

inde Bulunduumuz Yl
1900-1910
1910-1920
10
13
1910
2005
1920-1930
3
1920
1920-1940
3
1930
1940-1950
15
1940
1950-1960
20
1950
1960-1970
30
1960
1970
1970-1980
40
1980-1990
35
1980
1990-2000 2000-Gnmz
35
15
1990
Yllara Gre 4,5'dan Byk Depremlerin Olu Saylar

45
Oluum Saylar
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1910
1920
1930
1940
1950
1960
1970
Yllar
4.7
149
1.3545455
0.13179358
5.2
69
0.6272727
-0.20254359
5.7
29
0.2636364
-0.578995
6.2
5
0.0454545
-1.34242268
6.7
2
0.0181818
-1.74036269
7.2
1
0.0090909
-2.04139269
1980
1990
2000
2005
2000
2005
Gutenberg ve Richter (1956)
Magnitd
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
Adet
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
200
100
100
100
100
100
100
Magnitd
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
6.0
6.1
6.2
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
Adet
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5.0
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
100
100
100
100
25
25
25
20
15
15
14
14
12
12
10
3
2
2
3
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.7
1
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Blgede aa kan Toplam Enerji

70159748936573900000000 Erg
Hiroima'da Kullanlan atom bombasnn
111.2 katdr !!!
Moment Magnitd
Yzey Dalgas Magnitd
Cisim Dalgas
Magnitd
Magnitd
Sre (Deprem)
Mw
Ms
7
6.9
4.2
3.8
Ms
Mb
6.9
6.8
3.8
5
Mw
Mb
7
6.8
4.2
5
3.8
6.9
Enerji
8.9125E+014
1.2589E+015
1.7783E+015
2.5119E+015
3.5481E+015
5.0119E+015
Bath (1973)
7.0795E+015
1.0000E+016
1.4125E+016
1.9953E+016
2.8184E+016
3.9811E+016
5.6234E+016
7.9433E+016
Hausner
1.1220E+017
7.6
31 sn
38 sn
33 sn
MAKSMUM DDET (Io) & MAGNTD VE VME LKS
1.5849E+017
2.2387E+017
3.1623E+017
Donovan
(1973)
4.4668E+017
6.3096E+017
8.9125E+017
1.2589E+018
1.7783E+018
2.5119E+018
3.5481E+018
5.0119E+018
7.0795E+018
1.0000E+019
1.4125E+019
1.9953E+019
2.8184E+019
3.9811E+019
5.6234E+019
7.9433E+019
1.1220E+020
1.5849E+020
2.2387E+020
3.1623E+020
Watanabe (1977)
4.4668E+020
Maksimum iddet (Io)

Magnitd (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956)
Magnitd (pek)
Magnitd (Tabban ve Genolu)
Magnitd (Bath, 1973)
Magnitd (Karnik)
Magnitd (Ansal, 1997)
Maksimum iddet (Io)
vme (Gutenberg ve Richter, 1956)
vme (Bath, 1973)
vme (Wang ve Law, 1994)
vme (Wald ve di., 1999)
8
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.1
8
0.15
0.15
0.26
0.43
g
g
g
g
6.3096E+020
Tam Say olarak girin !8.9125E+020
1.2589E+021
1.7783E+021
2.5119E+021
3.5481E+021
5.0119E+021
7.0795E+021
Tam Say olarak1.0000E+022
girin !
1.4125E+022
1.9953E+022
0
0
0
vme (Hessberger, 1956)
0.34 g
vme (Murphy, 1997)
0.18 g
0
0
0
FAY BOYU & MAGNTD LKS
Toplam E
1.7825E+017
2.5179E+017
3.5566E+017
5.0238E+017
7.0963E+017
1.0024E+018
1973)
1.4159E+018
2.0000E+018
2.8251E+018
1.9953E+018
2.8184E+018
3.9811E+018
5.6234E+018
7.9433E+018
Enerji
8.9125E+014
1.2589E+015
1.7783E+015
2.5119E+015
3.5481E+015
5.0119E+015
7.0795E+015
1.0000E+016
1.4125E+016
1.9953E+016
2.8184E+016
3.9811E+016
5.6234E+016
7.9433E+016
1.1220E+019
1.5849E+019
2.2387E+019
3.1623E+019
4.4668E+019
1.5774E+019
2.2281E+019
3.1473E+019
3.5566E+019
3.7678E+019
5.3222E+019
7.0166E+019
9.9112E+019
1.2000E+020
1.6950E+020
1.9953E+020
8.4551E+019
7.9621E+019
1.1247E+020
2.3830E+020
2.2440E+020
3.1698E+020
2.2387E+020
6.3246E+020
1.1220E+017
1.5849E+017
2.2387E+017
3.1623E+017
4.4668E+017
6.3096E+017
8.9125E+017
1.2589E+018
1.7783E+018
2.5119E+018
3.5481E+018
5.0119E+018
7.0795E+018
1.0000E+019
1.4125E+019
1.9953E+019
2.8184E+019
3.9811E+019
5.6234E+019
7.9433E+019
1.1220E+020
1.5849E+020
2.2387E+020
3.1623E+020
4.4668E+020 4.4668E+020
Fay Boyu (km)

110
Aratrmac
Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Bolinger (1968)
Douglas ve Ryall (1975)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Patwardan ve di. (1975)
Tocher (1958)
Toksz ve di. (1979)
Gndodu (1986)
Ms (magnitd)
7.4
7.7
7.5
7.5
7.3
8.2
8.4
7.4
7.6
7.3
7.4
Snr Koullar
5,8 ile 8.0
5,8 ile 8.0 (s depremler)
5,8 ile 8.0 (derin depremler)
6,4'den byk
6 ile 8
6,'den kk
6'dan byk
6,'den kk
5,9 ile 7,9
-
Blge
Trkiye
Dnya
Dnya
Nevada
Kuzey Anadolu
Japonya
Kuzey Anadolu
Trkiye
Magnitd Tr
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)

7.4
7.5
7.6
7.4
(Dorultu Atml)
(Ters)
(Normal)
(Tm Fay Trleri)
Dnya
Dnya
Dnya
Dnya
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw
Ms (Magnitd)
7.6
Aratrmac
Fay Boyu (km)
Abraseys ve Zatopek (1968)
176.8
Bolinger (1968)
94.3
Bolinger (1968)
134.9
Douglas ve Ryall (1975)
162.2
Ezen (1981)
156.7
Matsuda (1975)
45.7
56.0
168.0
Tocher (1958)
98.2
Toksz ve di. (1979)
203.2
Gndodu (1986)
161.1
118.6
84.7
61.7
105.7
Mw (Magnitd)
7.6
Snr Koullar
5,8 ile 8.0
5,8 ile 8.0 (s depremler)
5,8 ile 8.0 (derin depremler)
6,4'den byk
6 ile 8
6,'den kk
6'dan byk
6,'den kk
5,9 ile 7,9
(Dorultu Atml)
(Ters)
(Normal)
(Tm Fay Trleri)
Blge
Trkiye
Dnya
Dnya
Nevada
Kuzey Anadolu
Japonya
Kuzey Anadolu
Trkiye
Dnya
Dnya
Dnya
Dnya
Magnitd Tr
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw
YERDETRME (max) & MAGNTD LKS
6.3096E+020
8.9125E+020
1.2589E+021
1.7783E+021
2.5119E+021
3.5481E+021
5.0119E+021
7.0795E+021
1.0000E+022
1.4125E+022
1.9953E+022
0
0
0
6.3096E+020
8.9125E+020
1.2589E+021
1.7783E+021
2.5119E+021
3.5481E+021
5.0119E+021
7.0795E+021
1.0000E+022
1.4125E+022
1.9953E+022
2.8184E+022
3.9811E+022
5.6234E+022
Aratrmac
Chinery (1969)
Chinery (1969)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Nikonow (1978)
Gndodu (1986)
Yerdeitirme(
m)
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.6
2.6
3.3
6.3
Snr Koullar
3,4 ile 8,3
6,4'den byk
6 ile 8
6 ile 8,5
(Dorultu Atml)
Blge
Kuzey Anadolu
Japonya
Asya
Trkiye
Dnya
Magnitd Tr
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
7.9433E+022
2.3
(Ters)
Dnya
Mw
0
0
0
1.1220E+023
1.5849E+023 1.4E+023 Wells ve Coppersmith (1994)
2.2387E+023
7.3
5.9
(Normal)
(Tm Fay Trleri)
Dnya
Dnya
Mw
Mw
Snr Koullar
3,4 ile 8,3
6,4'den byk
6 ile 8
6 ile 8,5
(Dorultu Atml)
(Ters)
(Normal)
(Tm Fay Trleri)
Blge
Kuzey Anadolu
Japonya
Asya
Trkiye
Dnya
Dnya
Dnya
Dnya
Magnitd Tr
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
Mw
Mw
Mw
Mw
Ms (Magnitd)
7.6
Mw (Magnitd)
7.6
Yerdeitirme(
m)
5
Aratrmac
Chinery (1969)
Chinery (1969)
Ezen (1981)
Matsuda (1975)
Nikonow (1978)
Gndodu (1986)
Magnitd
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
7.9
7.4
6.8
7.1
7.2
VME AZALIM LKLER
###
Donovan (1973a)
Esteva ve Villaverde (1973)
Donavan(1973b)
Donavan(1973c)
McGuier (1974)
Orphal ve Lahoud (1974)
Shah ve di.(1973)
Oliviera (1974)
Katayama
Esteva ve di.
Campbell (1981a)
Campbell (1981b)
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
15
Davenport (1972)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
75
80
85
90
95
100
105
110
115
120
125
130
135
140
145
150
155
160
165
170
175
180
185
190
195
200
205
Esteva (1970)
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
7.6
, episantr (km)
M (magnitd)
Ayrnt analiz iin "Deprem Risk Analizi"

sayfasna gitmek iin hcreyi tkla!
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.48
0.38
0.31
0.26
0.22
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.36
0.32
0.28
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.52
0.46
0.41
0.36
0.33
0.29
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.35
0.31
0.28
0.26
0.24
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.96
0.80
0.68
0.58
0.51
0.45
0.40
0.36
0.33
0.30
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.22
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.47
0.41
0.37
0.33
0.29
0.26
0.24
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.19
0.16
0.14
0.12
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.35
0.31
0.28
0.25
0.22
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.28
0.21
0.16
0.13
0.11
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.45
0.37
0.31
0.26
0.23
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
###
###
###
Abrahamson ve Litehiser (1989)
0.28
0.26
0.23
0.21
0.20
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.50
0.45
0.41
0.38
0.35
0.32
0.30
0.28
0.27
0.25
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.21
0.20
0.19
0.18
0.18
0.17
0.16
0.16
0.15
0.15
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.12
0.12
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.11
0.36
0.31
0.27
0.24
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
29.2
33.5
38.1
42.7
47.4
52.2
57.0
61.8
66.7
71.6
76.5
81.4
86.3
91.2
96.2
101.1
106.1
111.0
116.0
120.9
125.9
130.9
135.8
140.8
145.8
150.7
155.7
160.7
165.7
170.7
175.6
180.6
185.6
190.6
195.6
200.6
205.5
eitli Arat
1.20
1.00
0.80
vme (g)
Fukishima ve di. (1988)
0.30
0.27
0.25
0.23
0.21
0.19
0.17
0.16
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
R, Odaktan Uzaklk (km)
Esteva ve Roseblueth (1964)
0.37
0.31
0.26
0.23
0.20
0.17
0.15
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
Ortalama
Kanai (1966)
0.44
0.37
0.31
0.27
0.23
0.20
0.18
0.16
0.14
0.13
0.12
0.11
0.10
0.09
0.09
0.08
0.07
0.07
0.06
0.06
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
Campbel (1997)
Newmark ve Roseblueth (1971)
0.31
0.25
0.21
0.17
0.15
0.13
0.11
0.10
0.08
0.08
0.07
0.06
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.04
0.04
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.03
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.02
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
0.01
Dr. Ferhat zep
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
233445
505050
M (magnitd)
7.6
atrmaclara Gre vme Azalm likileri

Este va (1970)
Dave nport (1972)
Donovan (1973a)
Este va ve Villaverde (1973)
Donavan(1973b)
Donavan(1973c)
M cGuier (1974)
Orphal ve Lahoud (1974)
Shah ve di.(1973)
Olivie ra (1974)
Katayam a
Este va ve di.
Cam pbe ll (1981a)
Cam pbe ll (1981b)
Ne w m ark ve Rose blue th
(1971)
Kanai (1966)
Este va ve Ros eblueth (1964)
55667788991111111111111111111122
05050505050011223344556677889900
0505050505050505050505
Episantr Uzakl (km)
Fuk is him a ve di. (1988)

Abraham son ve Liehis er
(1989)
Cam pbe ll (1997)
SPEKTRAL VME ANALZ

I
Ao
1.5
0.4
Zemin Snf
TA
0.10
0.15
0.15
0.20
Z1
Z2
Z3
Z4
YAPI PERYODU
T
0
0.01
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
Balangca Dnmek iin Tklayn

!
BNA NEM KATSAYISI
TB
0.30
0.40
0.60
0.90
Z1
S(T)
A(T)
1.00
0.60
1.15
0.69
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
1.99
1.19
1.66
1.00
1.44
0.86
1.27
0.76
1.14
0.68
1.04
0.62
0.95
0.57
0.88
0.53
0.82
0.49
0.77
0.46
0.73
0.44
0.69
0.41
0.66
0.39
0.62
0.37
0.60
0.36
0.57
0.34
0.55
0.33
0.53
0.32
0.51
0.30
0.49
0.29
0.47
0.28
0.46
0.28
0.44
0.27
1.2
1.4
1.5
Ao
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
Dr. Ferhat
zep
VMELER
Z2
S(T)
A(T)
1.00
0.60
1.10
0.66
2.00
1.20
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.09
1.25
1.81
1.08
1.60
0.96
1.44
0.86
1.31
0.78
1.20
0.72
1.11
0.67
1.04
0.62
0.97
0.58
0.92
0.55
0.87
0.52
0.82
0.49
0.79
0.47
0.75
0.45
0.72
0.43
0.69
0.41
0.66
0.40
0.64
0.38
0.62
0.37
0.60
0.36
0.58
0.35
0.56
0.34
Z3
S(T)
A(T)
1.00
0.60
1.10
0.66
2.00
1.20
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.21
1.33
1.99
1.19
1.81
1.08
1.66
1.00
1.54
0.92
1.44
0.86
1.35
0.81
1.27
0.76
1.20
0.72
1.14
0.68
1.09
0.65
1.04
0.62
0.99
0.60
0.95
0.57
0.92
0.55
0.88
0.53
0.85
0.51
0.82
0.49
0.80
0.48
0.77
0.46
Z4
S(T)
A(T)
1.00
0.60
1.08
0.65
1.75
1.05
2.13
1.28
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.50
1.50
2.30
1.38
2.13
1.28
1.99
1.19
1.86
1.12
1.76
1.05
1.66
1.00
1.58
0.95
1.50
0.90
1.44
0.86
1.38
0.83
1.32
0.79
1.27
0.76
1.22
0.73
1.18
0.71
1.14
0.68
1.10
0.66
1.07
0.64
2.7
2.8
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
0.43
0.42
0.41
0.40
0.39
0.38
0.37
0.36
0.35
0.26
0.25
0.24
0.24
0.23
0.23
0.22
0.22
0.21
0.54
0.53
0.51
0.50
0.49
0.47
0.46
0.45
0.44
0.33
0.32
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.28
0.28
0.27
0.26
0.75
0.73
0.71
0.69
0.67
0.66
0.64
0.62
0.61
0.45
0.44
0.43
0.41
0.40
0.39
0.38
0.37
0.37
1.04
1.01
0.98
0.95
0.93
0.91
0.88
0.86
0.84
Z2 Zemin iin eitli Yap Peryodlar iin Spektral vme Deerleri
Z1 Zemin iin eitli Yap Peryodlar iin

Spektral vme Deerleri
2.00
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
vme (g)
vme (g)
1.50
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.50
0.20
0.00
0.00
0
Yap Peryodu (s)
0.62
0.61
0.59
0.57
0.56
0.54
0.53
0.52
0.51
Yap Peryodu (s)
Z3 Zemin in eitli Yap Peryodlar iin Spektral vme Deerleri
Z4 Zemin iin eitli Yap Peryodlar iin Spektral vme Deerleri
1.40
1.60
1.40
1.20
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
1.20
vme (g)
vme (g)
1.60
1.00
0.80
0.60
0.40
0.20
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Yap Peryodu
Yap Peryodu (s)
Z2 Zemin iin S(T) Fonksiyonu

3.00
2.50
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.50
S(T)
S(T)
3.00
1.50
1.00
1.00
0.50
0.50
0.00
0
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Yap Peryod (s)
3.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
Yap Peryodu (s)
3.5
3.00
3.00
2.50
2.50
2.00
2.00
1.50
1.50
S(T)
S(T)
1.00
0.50
1.00
0.50
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Yap Peryodu (s)
3.5
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
Yap Peryodu (s)
3.5
ZEMN VME / HIZ / YERDETRME SPEKTRUM

M
Episantr
h1
h2
1
VS1
2
VS2
To
7.4
25
15
35
1.8
300
2.1
600
0.43
0.43
7.4
25
0.43
0.43
A (Akustik Empedans):
(1 x VS1) / (2 xVS2)
Zemin Hakim Periyodu:
4h/VS
Bu Program Kanai (1961) yaklam

ile zemin koullarna gre ivme
hesab yapar.
M: Deprem Magnitd
Episantr: Deprem Dmerkezi
(km)
T: Depremin Hakim Peryodu
(s)
: Akustik Empedans
To: Zemin Hakim Titreim
Periyodu (s)
h1:Birincitabaka kalnl (m)
: Birinci Tabaka Younluk
(gr/cm^3)
2: kinci Tabaka Younluk
(gr/cm^3)
VS1: Birinci Tabaka Vs Hz
(m/s)
VS2: Birinci Tabaka Vs Hz
(m/s)
T
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.25
0.3
0.35
0.4
0.45
0.5
0.55
0.6
0.65
0.7
0.75
0.8
0.85
0.9
0.95
1
1.05
1.1
1.15
1.2
1.25
1.3
1.35
1.4
1.45
1.5
1.55
1.6
1.65
1.7
1.75
1.8
1.85
1.9
1.95
2
2.05
2.1
2.15
2.2
2.25
2.3
2.35
2.4
2.45
2.5
Balangca Dnmek
iin Tklayn !
Deprem & Zemin Etkileimli

vme (cm/sn2) Yerdeitirme (cm)
Hz (cm/sn)
2391
0.60
38
1629
0.92
39
1265
1.27
40
1071
1.68
42
979
2.21
47
989
3.04
55
1171
4.70
74
1103
5.61
79
679
4.26
54
493
3.74
43
398
3.60
38
339
3.60
35
299
3.68
33
269
3.79
32
245
3.93
31
225
4.09
30
209
4.26
30
195
4.43
29
184
4.61
29
173
4.80
29
164
4.98
29
156
5.18
28
148
5.37
28
142
5.57
28
136
5.76
28
130
5.96
28
125
6.16
28
120
6.36
28
116
6.56
28
112
6.77
28
108
6.97
27
105
7.17
27
102
7.38
27
99
7.58
27
96
7.79
27
93
7.99
27
90
8.20
27
88
8.40
27
86
8.61
27
84
8.82
27
81
9.02
27
80
9.23
27
78
9.44
27
76
9.65
27
74
9.85
27
73
10.06
27
71
10.27
27
69
10.48
27
68
10.69
27
II. Yaklam
Kawashima ve di. (1984) Yaklam
M
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.5
Episantr (km)
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
25
Periyod
0.1
0.15
0.2
0.3
0.5
0.7
1
1.5
2
3
vme (S)
804
950
841
538
333
229
126
105
72
42
vme (O)
668
832
1035
995
759
605
589
338
195
85
vme (Y)
434
529
529
499
646
820
734
530
328
145
eitli Zemin Trleri in vme Spektrumu

1200
vme (Sert Zemin)
vme (cm/sn^2)
1000
vme (Orta Zemin)
800
vme (Yumuak Zemin)
600
400
200
0
0
0.5
1.5
Doal Peryod (sn)
Moment Magnitd
(Mw>=5)
Faya En Ksa Yatay Uzaklk (km)

Zeminin ilk 30 m'si iin
ortalama Vs (Kayma Dalgas)
Hz (m/sn)
2.5
3.5
Moment Magnitd
(Mw>=5)
Faya En Ksa Yatay Uzaklk (km)

Zeminin ilk 30 m'si iin
ortalama Vs (Kayma Dalgas)
Hz (m/sn)
Boore ve di. (1997) Yaklam ile vme Kestirimi

Mw
Rjb
Vs, 30
Periyod
0.0
0.2
1.0
7.4
25
250
Mekanizmas Dorultu
Belirisiz
Atml Fay Ters Fay
vme (g)
0.25
0.23
0.28
0.49
0.45
0.53
0.35
0.33
0.37
vme Spektrumu
0.60
0.50
Mekanizmas
Belirsiz
vme (g)
0.40
Dorultu
Atml Fay
0.30
0.20
Ters Fay
0.10
0.00
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
Peryod (sn)
bss
brv
ball
b2
b3
b5
bv
Va
h
-0.313
-0.117
-0.242
0.527
0
-0.778
-0.371
1396
5.57
0.999
1.17
1.089
0.711
-0.207
-0.924
-0.292
2118
7.02
-1.113
-1.009
-1.08
1.036
-0.032
-0.798
-0.698
1406
2.9
1.2
Dr. Ferhat zep
Zemin vme Spektrumu

3000
2500
vme (cm/sn2)
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0
0.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
Periyod (sn)
Zemin Yerdeitirme Spektrumu

12.00
Yerdeitirme (cm)
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
T periyod (sn)
izelge. Kawashima ve di. (1984) Yaklam iin katsaylar
c
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
-1.18
Sert Zemin
a
2420
2407
1269
575
212
103
40.1
7.1
5.8
1.7
b
0.21
0.22
0.25
0.27
0.3
0.32
0.34
0.43
0.42
0.46
Orta Zemin
a
848
629
466
267
102
34.3
5
0.72
0.35
0.36
b
0.26
0.29
0.32
0.35
0.39
0.44
0.55
0.63
0.64
0.59
Yumuak Zemin
a
1307
948
1128
1263
581
65.7
7.4
0.8
0.35
0.26
b
0.21
0.24
0.23
0.22
0.28
0.42
0.54
0.65
0.67
0.64
Zemin Hz Sprektrumu
90
80
70
Hz (m/sn)
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0
0.5
1.5
Peryod (sn)
2.5
ZEMN BYTME ANALZ

Balangca Dnmek
iin Tklayn !
Bytme Analizi (Greceli) I

Midorikawa (1987)
Joyner ve Fumal (1984)
Borcherdt ve di. (1991)
Aratrma Derinlii (m)

1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.3
25.8
27.3
28.8
30
Zayf Hareket
Kuvvetli Hareket
Derinlik (m)
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.2
Bytme Deeri
A
A
AHSA
AHSA
3.0
2.2
3.8
3.2
30m derinlie kadar ortalama

kayma dalgas hz
(Vs, 30 <1100m/sn)
0,4 ila 2,0 sn peryodundaki
ortalama yatay spektral
bytme
0,4 ila 2,0 sn peryodundaki
ortalama yatay spektral
bytme
Vs Hz
140
140
140
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
220
220
220
220
220
220
350
350
350
350
Vs, 30
185.8
Dr. Ferhat zep
Bytme Analizi (ki Tabaka) II

h1
vs1
1
vs2
2
To
30
140
1.7
600
2.1
0.86
3.14
0.19
Bu Program iki tabakal zemin

koular iin BYTME hesab yapar.
Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
1 : Birinci Tabaka Younluk (gr/cm3)

2 : kinci Tabaka Younluk (gr/cm3)
VS1 : Birinci Tabaka Vs Hz (m/s)
VS2 : Birinci Tabaka Vs Hz (m/s)
: Akustik Empedans
Ao : ki Hz arayzeyindeki Genlik
Rezonans Durumu
Bytme
5.29
Periyod
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
Bal Bytme
1.55
1.10
3.44
1.02
1.11
1.56
2.58
4.58
4.93
3.46
2.60
2.14
1.87
1.69
1.56
1.47
1.40
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
1.34
1.30
1.26
1.24
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16
Bytme Spektrumu (ki Tabaka)

Bal Bytme
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
Periyod (sn)
2.5
Bytme Analizi (Snml Zemin) III

h1
vs1
To
Snm
30
140
0.86
0.2
3.14
Bu Program Rijit anakaya zerinde

niform snml zemin koular
iin BYTME hesab yapar.
Hazrlayan:
Dr. Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
Rezonas Durumu
Bytme
3.18
Periyod
Bal Bytme
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
0.36
0.62
1.08
0.84
0.95
1.30
1.94
2.82
3.24
2.86
2.39
2.05
1.82
1.66
1.54
1.45
1.39
1.34
1.29
1.26
1.23
1.21
1.19
1.17
1.16
Bytme Spektrumu (Snml Zemin)

Bal Bytme
4.00
3.00
2.00
1.00
0.00
0
0.5
1.5
Periyod (sn)
Bytme Analizi (Snmsz Zemin) IV
2.5
h1
vs1
Tz
30
140
0.86
3.14
Rijit Anakaya
zerinde
snmsz bir
zemin iin
Bytme'nin
hesaplanmas
Rezonans
Durumu Bytme
1255.77
Periyod
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
Bal Bytme
1.59
1.11
4.45
1.03
1.11
1.61
2.90
9.00
13.25
4.48
2.94
2.30
1.96
1.75
1.60
1.50
1.42
1.36
1.32
1.28
1.25
1.22
1.20
1.18
1.16
Hazrlayan:
Dr.Ferhat zep
.. Mh. Fak.
Jeofizik Mh. Bl.
Bytme Spektrumu (Snmsz Zemin)
Bal Bytme
15.00
10.00
5.00
0.00
0.5
1.5
Periyod (sn)
2.5
e kadar ortalama
dalgas hz
<1100m/sn)
Gmax (kg/cm2)
n peryodundaki
atay spektral
ytme
0
0
sn peryodundaki
a yatay spektral
bytme
Derinlik (m)
10
15
20
25
30
35
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Kayma Dalgas Hz (m/sn)

100
0
Derinlik (m)
10
15
20
25
30
35
150
200
250
300
350
400
Derinlik (m)
0
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
22.8
24.3
25.8
27.3
28.8
30
Gmax
372
372
372
372
428
428
428
428
428
428
428
920
920
920
920
968
968
2450
2450
2450
2450
Kayma Dalgas Hz
140
140
140
140
150
150
150
150
150
150
150
220
220
220
220
220
220
350
350
350
350
Younluk (gr/cm3)
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
2.0
Svlama Tehlike Analizi
CR
N1(60)
rd
CRR (Z)
CSR (D)
Gk
PL (N1(60))
PL Grubu
PL (%)
N1(60) 30'dan
bykse "SY"
CS
0.4
CB
vme (a)
CN
Iwasak
(1989
Svlama
(% o
SITK (m)
MSF
Ya "deprem
Ynetmelii"nden
Ya da "vme Azalm
likileri"nden yararlanmak
iin hcreyi tkla!
v' (kPa)
S1
7.5
v (kPa)
Sondaj No
Y.A.S.S altnda doygun

birim hacim arlklar
kullan !
FC
(gr/cm3)
Y.A.S.S.
SPT (Arazi)
Yalova
AD
Sondaj Yeri
Ayrntl analiz iin

deprem risk analizi
blmne gitmek iin
hcreyi tkla!
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
18
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
30.0
56.5
83.0
109.5
136.0
162.5
188.9
215.4
241.9
268.4
294.9
321.4
347.9
374.3
30.0
53.6
65.3
77.1
88.9
100.7
112.4
124.2
136.0
147.7
159.5
171.3
183.1
194.8
0.00
0.30
1.80
3.30
4.80
6.30
7.80
9.30
10.80
12.30
13.80
15.30
16.80
18.30
1,7
1.37
1.24
1.14
1.06
1.00
0.94
0.90
0.86
0.82
0.79
0.76
0.74
0.72
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
0.80
###
14.8
13.4
12.3
11.5
10.8
10.2
9.7
9.3
8.9
8.6
8.3
8.0
7.7
0.9881470
0.9773893
0.9669309
0.9551352
0.9397014
0.9179441
0.8875651
0.8478937
0.8008678
0.7507104
0.7022129
0.6589112
0.6223666
0.5925368
###
0.15762
0.14399
0.13396
0.12618
0.11993
0.11476
0.11041
0.10667
0.10343
0.10057
0.09804
0.09577
0.09373
0.257
0.268
0.319
0.353
0.374
0.385
0.388
0.382
0.370
0.355
0.338
0.321
0.308
0.296
###
0.59
0.45
0.38
0.34
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
0.00
12.48
23.19
32.91
41.59
49.16
55.51
60.58
64.36
66.92
68.41
69.00
68.85
68.05
CL
BL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
###
89
98
99
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
Dr. Ferhat zep
Iwasaki ve di. (1989)'a

gre
Svlama Potansiyeli
(% olarak)
Svl
(
Liao
Vs (arazi) m/s
CV
Vs1, m/s
Vs1*
CRR (z)
Gk
PL (Vs1'den)
PL Grubu
SvlamaDzeyi
Yalova
SK1
AD
Sismik Yeri
Sismik No:
Iwasaki ve di. (1989)'a

gre
Svlama Potansiyeli
(% olarak)
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
143
1.35
1.17
1.11
1.07
1.03
1.00
0.97
0.95
0.93
0.91
0.89
0.87
0.86
0.85
193.19
167.16
159.06
152.60
147.28
142.77
138.87
135.46
132.43
129.71
127.24
125.00
122.94
121.04
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
215
0.1960
0.1032
0.0881
0.0778
0.0701
0.0640
0.0590
0.0549
0.0513
0.0483
0.0455
0.0431
0.0409
0.0389
2.00
0.39
0.28
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.0
18.6
30.6
41.4
51.0
59.5
66.8
72.9
77.9
81.6
84.3
86.0
86.7
86.5
CL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
AL
SY
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
ekil 1. Bykl 7,5 deprem iin temiz ve siltli kumlar iin
Dzeltilmi Vs - CSR Aba (Andrus and Stokoe, 2001)
Iwasaki ve di. (1978) Yaklam ile

Tane Boyutu (D50) ve nce erii (FC) 'ne Gre Svlama Analizi
AD
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
D50
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.5
Faktrler
Zemin Deprem
R
L
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.3
0.6
0.3
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.6
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.5
GK
0.9
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
0.4
R1
R2 (a)
0.37417 0.19
0.33664 0.19
0.32166 0.19
0.30852 0.19
0.29687 0.19
0.28645 0.19
0.27705 0.19
0.26853 0.19
0.26074 0.19
0.25359 0.19
0.247
0.19
0.2409 0.19
0.23523 0.19
0.22995 0.19
R2
R2(b)
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
-0.03
R2( c )
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
-0.05
R2
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
-0.03485
R3
R3(a)
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
R3(b)
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
0.04
R3
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.000
BAIL SIKILIK (Dr, %)'YE GRE SIVILAMA RSK
vme-Dr (Bal Sklk, %) likisi
1
rnek 1
vme 0.2
Dr (%) 0.5
0.9
Svlama
(Risk Yok)
Svlama
(Orta Risk)
0.8
Dr (Bal Sklk) %
0.7
0.6
Svlama
(Yksek Risk)
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
st Snr
Alt Snr
rnek 1
0.1
0
0.1
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.2
vme (g)
0.22
0.24
0.26
ekil 3. Bal Sklk ile vme parametresine gre Svlama Riski (Tezcan ve Teri, 1996)
0.28
0.3
Siltli ve Killi Kumlarn Svlama Olasl (Andrews ve Martin, 2000)
Kil ierii %
9
LL<32 SE SIVILAMAYA HASSAS, LL>=32 SE AYRINTI ALIMALAR GEREKR
Simgeler/Ksaltmalar
v =rt yk gerilmesi
v' =efektif gerilme
SITK = Su ieren Tabaka Kalnl (m)
AD = Analiz / Aratrma Derinlii (m)
FC = nce eiri (Fine Content)
Y.A.S.S.= Yeraltsuyu Seviyesi (m)
= Birim Hacim Arlklar
M = Tasarm Depremi Magnitd
vme (a) = Tasarm depremi vmesi (g)
SPT Arazi = Arazi SPT(N) Deeri
N1(60) = Dzeltilmi SPT (N) Deeri
Vs (Arazi)= Arazi Kayma Dalgas Hz Deeri
Vs1 = Dzeltilmi Kayma Dalgas Hz Deeri
rd=Stres azaltma faktr
CN ve CV = SPT(N) ve Vs iin Efektif Gerilme iin Dzeltme Faktr
CB, CS ve CR =
SPTN (N) iin Srasyla Kuyu ap, Numune alma Yntemi ve Tij boyu dzeltmesi
CSR ve CRR = Proje Depreminin Oluturduu (CSR) yada Zemin tarafndan oluturulan (CRR)
Devirsel Kayma Gerilmesi Oran (Cyclic Stress Ratio yada Cyclic Resistance Ratio)
MSF= Magnitd lekleme Faktr
Dr (%) = Yzde olarak bal sklk/rlatif sklk
Rf= Diri (km) Faydan Uzaklk
Re= Episantral Uzaklk yada olas deprem odandan Uzaklk (km)
Mw= Depremin Moment Bykl
MJ=Japon Meteoroloji Ajansnn Magnitd lei
SY = Svlama Yok, SO= Svlama Olas ve SV=Svlama Var
Not: Bu programda (1) eer su ieren tabaka kalnl sfrsa svlama olmayacandan otomatik olarak GK=2 alnmaktadr.
(2) Teorik olarak N1(60) deeri 30'dan ve Vs1 deeri de vs1* (maksimum 215 m/sn)den byk deerlerde svlama olmaz
Program bu deerden byk deerler iin, SY (Svlama Yok) ifadesi vermektedir.
(3) "S dalga Hz & CSR Aba"nda minumum hz deeri
yaklak Vs1> 85 m/s dir. Bu deerden kk deerler iin CSR deeri otomatik olarak 0 (sfr) alnmaktadr.
GVENLK KATSAYISININ (Gk) DERNLKLE DEM
Grafii izdirmek iin

"VeriYok" yada "SY" yazl
hcreleri silin !!!
Iwasaki ve di.
(1989)'a gre
Svlama Potansiyeli
(% olarak)
SPT
GK
1.50
2.00
Svlamaz
(Gvenli)
-10
-15
-20
-25
SPT Verisine Gre

Gvenlik Katsays Snr
Vs Hz Verisine Gre
2.50
Gvenlik Katsays
-5
1.00
Gvenlik Katsays
Svlama Olasl
(% olarak)
Liao ve di.(1988)
0.50
Vs
AD (m)
###
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
SV
0.00
0
Derinlik (m)
SvlamaDzeyi
Gvenlik Katsays (GK) & Derinlik likisi
Grafii izdirmek iin

"VeriYok" yazl hcreleri silin
!!!
1.8
3.3
4.8
6.3
7.8
9.3
10.8
12.3
13.8
15.3
16.8
18.3
19.8
21.3
###
0.59
0.45
0.38
0.34
0.31
0.30
0.29
0.29
0.29
0.30
0.31
0.31
0.32
2.00
0.39
0.28
0.22
0.19
0.17
0.15
0.14
0.14
0.14
0.13
0.13
0.13
0.13
di., 2001)
Svlama iin Kayma Dalgas (Vs) Hzna bal

Dobry ve di. (1981) Yaklam (Basit Yaklam)
Vs
amax
h
Birim Kayma Deformasyonu
Svlama Durumu
150 m/sn
0.4 g
5 m
0.0001066667
Svlasma Var
Svlasma Var
Analiz Yap
100.00
100.00
100.00
Tane
Arlka
Boyutu
nce
(mm) Oran (%)
37.500
95.00
20.000
89.60
14.000
86.40
10.000
82.90
6.300
72.30
3.350
35.70
1.180
15.400
0.6
9.60
0.212
1.2
0.063
0.8
100.00
TANE BOYU DAILIMI & SIVILAMA

100.00
100.00
Svlama Alt Snr
Svlama st Snr
rnek A
Elek No
80.00
Arlka nce Oran (%)
rnek A
60.00
Svlaabilir
Alan
40.00
100.000
10.000
1.000Tane Boyutu (mm)

0.100
ekil 4. Svlama Duyarl & Tane Boyutu likisi (Shanon ve Wilson ve di., 1971)
20.00
0.010
0.00
0.001
SIVILAMAYA DUYARLI ALANIN MAKSMUM GENLNN DEERLENDRLMES

A) Deprem Bykl (Mj) & Svlamann Maksimum Episantral Uzakl
Mj
R (km)
R (km)
R (km)
6.5
25.4
108.8
52.5
B) Episantral/Fay Uzakl & Svlamay

Re (km)
Rf (km)
Faydan Uzaklk
50.0
50.0
Kuribayashi ve Tatsuoka
(1975)
Wakamatsu (1991)
Ambraseys
Wakamatsu
(1988)
(1993)
Tetikleyecek
Depremin Bykl
Mw
Mw
6.5
6.7
(Mw)
Ambraseys (1988)
Episantral Uzaklk
C) Trkiye iin Svlamay Tetikleyecek Depremin Bykl ,Ms (Ulusay ve di. (2000)
Episantr Uzakl (km)
(km)
h (km)
25
10
26.9
Ms
Ms
Ms
Ms
7.4
R (km)
106.4
66.4
26.4
Odak dernlii (km)
R (km)
Odaktan Uzaklk
(km)
Yzey Dalgas Magnitd
5.2
6.3
7.4
st Snr
Ortalama
Alt Snr
Alt Snr
Ortalama
st Snr
SONU VE NERLER
....... li ... lesi ..... Ada, .... Pafta, .... Parsel'deki arazi iinde ngrlen
yapyeri iin yaplan zemin (jeofizik&geoteknik) incelemesinde;
Balangc
iin Tk
nceleme alannda, heyelan, sel, genel arazi gmesi, , kaya dmesi

gibi doal afetlerden doan risk yoktur.
Saha ve laboratuar bulgular birlikte deerlendirildiinde mevcut arazi
koullarnda yap altnda temel zemin zelliklerinin aada gsterilen
deerlerle karekterize edilmesi uygun olacaktr:
Deprem Blgesi
Bina nem Katsays, I
Yeraltsuyu Derinlii (m)
Zemin Grubu
Yerel Zemin Snf
Zemin Karekteristik Periyodu
Yatak Katsays (ks); kN/m
Temel Derinlii (en az), Df (m)
Etkin Yer vme Katsays
Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi; kPa
Svlama Potansiyeli (Gs)
Zemin yiletirmesi
3
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Yatak Katsays
Belirlenemesi Blm
I. Derece
1.5
2
C
Z3
TA=0,15 - TB=0,60
27000
1
0.4
241
Yoktur
Gerekmez
Zemin Emniyet
Gerilmesi Heseb
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi
Heseb Blm (Kare Temel
iin)
Svlama Analizi
Blm
Bu rapor i bu krokide gsterilen konut alan iin geerli olup dier

parsellerde kullanlamaz
Balangca Dnmek
iin Tklayn !
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Yatak Katsays
Belirlenemesi Blm
Zemin Emniyet
Gerilmesi Heseb
Blm
Depreme Dayankl
Yap Ynetmelii
Blm
Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi
eseb Blm (Kare Temel
iin)
Svlama Analizi
Blm
Dr. Ferhat zep
Bu programlar stanbul niversitesi Mhendislik Fakltesi

Jeofizik Mhendislii Blm Lisans Programnda okutulan
"Jeofizikte Zemin Davran" Dersi iin Yard.Do.Dr. Ferhat zep tarafndan hazrlanmtr.
Bu programlar jeofizik ve geoteknik parametreleri elde etmek iin lmlerin nasl deerlendirileceini iermez . Ancak
jeofizik ve geoteknik lm sonucu elde edilen parametrelerin (Vs hz, Ivme, SPT(N) deeri, zdiren Deeri,
Laboratuar Verileri vb) inaatlarn projelendirilmesi srecinde gvenlik snrlar iinde nasl mhendislik
parametresine/analizine (tama gc, oturma, bytme, svlama, yama stabilitesi vb) dntrlecei ile
ilgilidir.Analizi yaplan konular ile ilgili kavramsal bilgi ve kuramsal formlasyonlar aadaki ders notlarnda verilmitir:
"Gndodu, O., zep, F., 2003, Jeofizikte Zemin Davran" Ders Notlar, .. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl., stanbul.
Bu program aadaki biimde referans verilmek suretiyle kullanlabilir:

zep, F., 2004, "ZeminJeofizikAnaliz", Microsoft Excel Program, .. Mh. Fak. Jeofizik Mh. Bl., stanbul.
Dikkat : Programda krmz ile yazl hcreler dnda dier hcrelerle oynamaynz ve
veri giriini yalnz bu hcreler kanalyla yapnz !!! Bu program paralar
zemin davrannn teorik temellerinin nasl ilediine ynelik pratik uygulamalar iermektedir.
Eer bu programlar mhendislik amal kullanlacak ve sonuta bir zemin inceleme raporuna baz tekil
edecekse en az bir jeofizik ve (geoteknik konusunda uzman) bir inaat mhendisi tarafndan bu rapor hazrlanmal
ve imzalanmaldr. Bilgi alma ve danma iin internet ortamnda mail adresi olarak
"ferozcep@istanbul.edu.tr"yi kullanabilirsiniz.
Balangca Dnmek iin Tklayn !!

Zemin Jeofizik Analiz

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Aklamalar

P ters (var zaman), msn

P dz (var zaman), msn

S Ters (var zaman), msn

SSMK KIRILMA DEERLENDRME

Jeofizik Zemin Kesiti

S ters (var zaman), msn

P ters (var zaman), msn

P dz (var zaman), msn

SSMK ZAMAN-UZAKLIK GRAF (2 TABAKA)

SSMK ZAMAN-UZAKLIK GRAF (3 TABAKA)

Dr. Ferhat zep

Elektrik (zdiren) lm Verilerin Sunum ve Deerlendirmesi

Gerek zdiren Deerleri

Yeraltsuyu Derinlii (m)

Gerek zdiren Verilerine

Elektrik (zdiren) Grafii

Elektrod Aral (AB/2)

TABAKALI (ZDREN) MODELLEME

llen Eri ile Model Erisi arasnda en iyi uyumu

llen Eri ile Model Erisi arasnda en iyi uyumu

Gerek zdiren Verilerine

Eer tek noktada

nda en iyi uyumu

nda en iyi uyumu

Dr. Ferhat zep

Three layer resistivity example. Depth and

Layer resistivities and thickness, from top t

2.556757 includes phase shift for O'Neill's

er resistivity example. Depth and distance are

stivities and thickness, from top to bottom:

includes phase shift for O'Neill's coefficients

O'Neill convolve x = 1/L

SPT (N) & Derinlik (m)

Koyu yeil renkli

\20 \30 \40

Dr. Ferhat zep

SPT (N) & Derinlik Grafiini izdirmek iin

Dr. Ferhat zep

Zemin Emniyet Gerilmesi yada

% 45 enerji oranna gre

SPT Ortalamann Hesab

SPT(N) iin Efektif Gerilme iin Dzeltme Faktr

rt gerile efektf rt geril suieren tabaka kaslnlCN katsatytabak aklnl

ZEMNLER N JEOFZK-GEOTEKNK PARAMETRELERN BELRLENMES (2 Tabaka)

Tretilen Geoteknik Parametreler

ZEMNLER N JEOFZK-GEOTEKNK PARAMETRELERN BELRLENMES (3

Tretilen Geoteknik Parametreler

Dr. Ferhat zep

eer yoksa "-" iareti

Ayrntl analiz iin

Ayrntl analiz iin "VsSPT(N) likileri"

akl, Kum ve Silt tr

Deer yoksa "-" iareti koy !

Ayrntl analiz iin

Sykora ve Stokoe (1983)

Okamoto ve di. (1989)

Dr. Ferhat zep

Ohta ve Goto (1978)

Balangca Dnmek iin

Ohba ve Toriumi (1970)

Imai ve Yoshimura (1977)

SPT (N) - Vs Hz likileri