EE 2224

Solid Mechanics
Bending

Faculty

Shear and Moment Diagrams

Members with support loadings applied perpendicular to
their longitudinal axis are called beams.
Beams classified according to the way they are
supported.

Faculty

Shear and Moment Diagrams

Shear and moment functions can be plotted in graphs
called shear and moment diagrams.
Positive directions
distributed load acts upward on the
beam
internal shear force causes a
clockwise rotation of the beam
segment on which it acts
internal moment causes compression
in the top fibres of the segment such
that it bends the segment so that it
holds water
Faculty

Draw the shear and moment diagrams for the beam shown.

Faculty

From the free-body diagram of the left segment AB, we apply

the equilibrium equations,
Fy 0;

M 0;

Faculty

P
P
V 0;
V
(1)
2
2
P
P
M x 0; M x (2)
2
2

Left segment of the beam extending a distance x

within region BC is as follow,

Fy 0;

M 0;

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P
P
P V 0 V
(3)
2
2
L P
P

M P x x M L-x
2 2
2

(4)

The shear diagram represents a

plot of Eqs. 1 and 3

The moment diagram represents a

plot of Eqs. 2 and 4

Faculty

Express the shear and moment functions in terms of x,

and then draw the shear and moment diagrams for the
beam.

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Determine vertical force at A, Ay

Determine equation for shear force, V

(1)

Determine equation for moment, M

(2)

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The shear diagram

represents a plot of Eq 1

The moment diagram

represents a plot of Eq 2

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Bending Deformation of a Straight

Member
Cross section of a straight beam remains plane when the
beam deforms due to bending.
There will be tensile stress on one side and compressive
stress on the other side.

Faculty

Bending Deformation of a Straight

Member
Longitudinal strain varies linearly from zero at the neutral
axis.
Hookes law applies when material is homogeneous.
Neutral axis passes through the centroid of the crosssectional area for linear-elastic material.

Faculty

The Flexure Formula

the maximum normal stress in the member, which
occurs at a point on the cross-sectional area farthest
away from the neutral axis

max

Mc

M = resultant internal moment

I = moment of inertia of the cross section about the
neutral axis
c = perpendicular distance from the neutral axis to a
point farthest away from the neutral axis

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Moment of Inertia
For a rectangle,

Neutral axis

1
=
3
12

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Moment of Inertia
For symmetrical I beam, the centroid C and thus the
neutral axis pass through the mid-height of the beam

Neutral axis

I for I-Beam

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I for Rectangle

I for 2 Shaded
Rectangle

Moment of Inertia
For symmetrical H beam, the centroid C and thus the
neutral axis pass through the mid-height of the beam

Neutral axis

I for I-Beam

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I for Green
+ I for 2 Blue Shaded
Rectangle
Shaded Rectangle

The simply supported beam has the cross-sectional area

as shown. Determine the absolute maximum bending
stress in the beam if the maximum internal moment in the
beam is M 22.5 kNm

Faculty

By symmetry, the centroid C and thus the neutral axis pass

through the mid-height of the beam, and the moment of
inertia is

= 2
1
1
=
0.25 0.34 3 2
0.115 0.3 3
12

= 301.3 106 4

12

Applying the flexure formula where c = 170

mm,
max

Mc

;
I
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max

22.5 106 0.17

6

12
.
7

10
Pa 12.7 MPa
6
301.3 10

If the beam is subjected to a bending moment of

M = 20 kNm, determine the maximum bending stress in
the beam.

Faculty

By symmetry, the centroid C and thus the neutral axis pass

through the mid-height of the beam, and the moment of
inertia is
= + 2
1
1
=
0.26 0.02 3 + 2
0.02 0.2 3
12

= 26.84 106 4

12

Applying the flexure formula where c =

100 mm,
max

Mc

;
I

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max

20 106 0.1
6

74
.
5

10
Pa 74.5MPa
6
26.84 10