Pumps

Presented by

(Dr.) Mirza Salman Baig

Assistant Professor (Pharmaceutics)
AIKTC, School of Pharmacy,New Panvel
Affiliated to University of Mumbai (INDIA)

CLASSIFICATION OF PUMPS
Positive Displacement Pump
Reciprocating Pump
Piston Pump
Diaphragm Pump

Rotary Pump
Gear pump
Vane pump
Lobe pump

Centrifugal Pump
Volute Pump (open or closed Curved vanes)
Diffuser Pump (Turbine)

Pumps

Positive
Displacement

Reciprocating

Piston

Simplex
Single
Acting

Plunger

Diaphram

Duplex

Doubble
Acting
Rotary

Vane

Gear

Centrifugal

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
PUMP
Rotodynami
c

Positive
displacement

Centrifug
al
Rotary

Reciprocatin
g

Axial flow
Mixed
flow

Gear

Piston

Lobe

Diaphrag
m

Turbine

Sliding
Vane
Screw

Plunger

Positive displacement pumps physically entrap a

quantity of liquid at the suction of the pump and
push that quantity out the discharge of the pump.
A definite volume of liquid is delivered for each
cycle of pump operation.
The positive displacement pump delivers liquid in
separate volumes with no delivery in between,
Positive displacement pumps can be grouped into
three basic categories based on their design and
operation.
The three groups are reciprocating pumps, rotary
pumps, and diaphragm pumps.

Principle of Operation:
Check valves in the suction and discharge ports
allow flow in only one direction.

Section
Discharg
e

Principle of Operation:
During the discharge
stroke, the piston moves
to the right, seating the
check valve in the suction
line and opening the
check valve in the
discharge line.

Principle of Operation:
During the suction stroke,
the piston moves to the
left, causing the check
valve in the suction line
between the reservoir
and the pump cylinder to
open and admit water
from the reservoir.
Vid

Principle of Operation:
The volume of liquid
moved by the pump in
one cycle (one suction
stroke and one discharge
stroke) is equal to the
change in the liquid
volume of the cylinder as
the piston moves from its
farthest left position to its
farthest right position.
Piston pump vid

PUMP
Rotodynami
c

Positive
displacement

Centrifug
al
Rotary

Reciprocatin
g

Axial flow
Mixed
flow

Gear

Piston

Lobe

Diaphrag
m

Turbine

Sliding
Vane
Screw

Plunger

Reciprocating pumps:
Reciprocating positive displacement pumps are
generally categorized in four ways:
1. Direct-acting or Indirect-acting.
2. Simplex or Duplex .
3. Single-acting or Double-acting .
4. Power pumps.
Vid

Reciprocating pumps:
Direct-Acting and Indirect-Acting Pumps:
Indirect-acting pumps
are driven by means of a
beam
or linkage
connected
to and
actuated by the power
piston rod of a separate
reciprocating engine.

Reciprocating pumps:
Simplex and Duplex Pumps:
A simplex pump, sometimes referred to as a single
pump, is a pump having a single liquid (pump)
cylinder.
A duplex pump is the equivalent of two simplex
pumps placed side by side on the same foundation.

Reciprocating pumps:
Simplex and Duplex Pumps:
The driving of the pistons of a duplex pump is
arranged in such a manner that when one piston is
on its upstroke the other piston is on its down stroke,
and vice versa. This arrangement doubles the
capacity of the duplex pump compared to a simplex
pump of comparable design.

Reciprocating pumps:
Duplex Pump

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Single-Acting and Double-Acting Pumps:
A single-acting pump is one that takes a suction,
filling the pump cylinder on the stroke in only one
direction, called the suction stroke, and then forces
the liquid out of the cylinder on the return stroke,
called the discharge stroke.
A double-acting pump is one that, as it fills one end
of the liquid cylinder, is discharging liquid from the
other end of the cylinder.
On the return stroke, the end of the cylinder just
emptied is filled, and the end just filled is emptied.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Single-Acting and Double-Acting Pumps:
One possible arrangement for single-acting and
double-acting pumps is shown :

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
A tight-fitting piston in a closed cylinder or a loosefitting plunger acting as a displacer are familiar
versions of the common reciprocating pump.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
Piston/plunger pumps
have the following
characteristics:
Capable of almost any
pressure, and of large flow
capacity.
Capable of almost any
pressure, and of large flow
capacity.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
Piston/plunger pumps
have the following
NPSH requirements for
these pumps are more
complex than for rotary or
kinetic pumps due to the
pulsed nature of the
suction.
Are expensive in large sizes.

Easily controlled by stroke

adjustment or variable
speed.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
Advantages include the
following:
The ability to develop high
pressures in a single stage.
High reliability.
The ability to develop high
pressures in a single stage.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Piston/Plunger Pump:
Disadvantages include
the following:
The necessity of slow speed
operation
The necessity of slow speed
operation

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS
PUMP
Rotodynami
c

Positive
displacement

Centrifug
al
Rotary

Reciprocatin
g

Axial flow
Mixed
flow

Gear

Piston

Lobe

Diaphrag
m

Turbine

Sliding
Vane
Screw

Plunger

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Diaphragm Pump:
Fluid is transferred by the pressure of a diaphragm
that flexes to form a cavity that is filled by liquid.
A diaphragm pump has
the following :
Transfers virtually any liquid.
Designs can handle high
temperatures.
Designs can handle high
temperatures.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Diaphragm Pump:
Is infinitely adjustable in
capacity and discharge
pressure by regulating the
movement of the diaphragm.
Can be flexed by either an air
supply or a reciprocating
plunger.
Is used for pumping
chemicals, glue, ink, solvents,
fat, grease, and dirty water.

POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT
PUMPS

Reciprocating pumps:
Diaphragm Pump:
Is limited to low flow and
head application due to the
design of the flexible
diaphragm.

Rotary Pumps
(Positive Displacement)
Gear Pump
Cycloidal blower (for Gases)

Construction
It consist of two gears , mesh each
other and run in close contact with
casing.
Slug of liquid are cought between
and gear teeth and casing, forced out
through discharge tube (outlet)

Working
1.Liquid flows into the cavity and is
trapped by the gear teeth as they
rotate.
2. Liquid travels around the interior of
the casing in the pockets between
the teeth and the casing.
3.Finally, gears forces liquid through
the outlet port under pressure.

Gear pumps are positive displacement

(or fixed displacement), meaning they
pump a constant amount of fluid for
each revolution.
It is suitable for viscous liquid.
Vid.

Advantages:
High speed
High pressure
Useful for semisolid and viscous liquids
No fluctuations
Discharge pressure is irrespective of
inlet pressure

Disadvantages:
Damage to pump may occur if
discharge is blocked

Internal Gear Pump Works

Advantages:

Only two moving parts

Only one stuffing box
Non-pulsating discharge
Excellent for high-viscosity liquids
Constant and even discharge regardless
of pressure conditions

Disadvantages:
Usually requires moderate speeds
Medium pressure limitations
One bearing runs in the product pumped
Overhung load on shaft bearing

Applications:
Common internal gear pump applications
include, but are not limited to:
All varieties of fuel oil and lube oil
Resins and Polymers
Alcohols and solvents
Asphalt, Bitumen, and Tar

Centrifugal Pumps

Centrifugal Pumps

A machine for moving fluid by accelerating the

fluid RADIALLY outward.

From the Center

of a Circle

RADIAL DIRECTION
To the Outside of a Circle

Pump
Terminology

Centrifugal Pumps
A collection chamber in the casing
converts much of the Kinetic Energy
(energy due to velocity) into Head or
Pressure.

Types
Volute (volute casing)
Liquid is thrown in volute, this result in
decrease in velocity and increase in
pressure head.
Subtypes Open impeller & Close
impeller.

Turbine (Diffusion casing equiped

with vane)

Volute Pump

Centrifugal Impellers
Impeller
Vanes
Eye of
the
Impeller
Water
Entrance

Diameter of
the Impeller

Thickness
of the impeller

Thicker the Impeller- More Water

Larger the DIAMETER - More Pressure
Increase the Speed - More Water and
Pressure

Open, Semi open and

Close impellers

Volute casing &

Vane diffuser

Centrifugal Pumps
This machine consists of an
IMPELLER rotating within a case
(diffuser)
Liquid directed into the
center of the rotating
impeller is picked up by
the impellers vanes and
accelerated to a higher velocity by
the rotation of the impeller and
discharged by
centrifugal force
into the case (diffuser).

Cavitation
When liquid enters the eye of centrifugalpump impeller its velocity is increased
hence (by Bernoulli's therom) its pressure
decreased.
This reduction in pressure result in
vapourization of liquid..it is known as
cavitation.
It causes reduction in pump capicity and
It may cause hammering due to collapse of
vapour bubble... and damage impellers.

Vid

"Head"
Head is a term for expressing feet of water
column which can also be converted to pressure

Reservoir
of Fluid

100
feet

43.3 PSI

Pressure
Gauge

Head
Head and pressure are interchangeable
terms provided that they are expressed in
their correct units.
The conversion of all pressure terms into
units of equivalent head simplifies most
pump calculations.
Vid

Reciprocating vs Centrifugal
For higher heads
High maintenance
cost
Pulsation of
discharge
Suction may be less
than atmospheric
pressure.
More flexible

For low heads

Economical
Uniform discharge
It do not require
valve in its
construction