Repair, Restoration & Seismic

Retrofitting Techniques and its

Application
By:
Dr. Purushotam Dangol
Senior Structural Engineer (Earthquake)
Earthquake Resistant Technology Development
& Consultancy Centre

(ERTech)

Sifal, Kathmandu

REPAIR, RESTORATION AND

STRENGTHENING
CONCEPTS
REPAIR
The main purpose of repairs is to bring back the architectural
shape of the building so that all services start working and the
functioning of building is resumed quickly
(i) Patching up of defects such as cracks and fall of plaster.
(ii) Repairing doors, windows, replacement of glass panes.
(iii) Checking and repairing electric wiring.
(iv) Checking and repairing gas pipes,water pipes and
plumbing services.
(v) Re-building non-structural walls, smoke chimneys,
boundary walls,
(vi) Re-plastering of walls as required.
(vii) Rearranging disturbed roofing tiles.
(viii) Relaying cracked flooring at groundlevel.
(ix) Redecoration . w

Restoration
The main purpose of restoration is to carry out
structural repairs to load bearing elements. It
may involve cutting portions of the elements and
rebuilding them or simply adding more structural
material so that the original strength is more or
less restored
(i) Removal of portions of cracked masonry walls and piers and rebuilding
them in richer mortar. Use of non-shrinking mortar will be preferable.
(ii) Addition of reinforcing mesh on both -faces of the cracked wall, holding
it to the wall through spikes or bolts and then covering it suitably. Several
alternatives have been used.
(iii) Injecting epoxy like material, which is strong in tension, into the cracks
in walls, columns, beams, etc

Strengthening of existing buildings

(Retrofit)
The seismic behavior of old existing buildings is
affected by their original structural inadequacies,
material degradation due to time, and alterations
carried out during use over the years such as
making new openings, addition of new parts
inducing dissymmetry in plan and elevation, etc.
The possibility of substituting them with new
earthquake resistant buildings

is generally neglected due to historical,

artistic, social and economical reasons

IS Code for Seismic Retrofitting

1. IS 15988-2013 for RCC FRAME

SEISMIC EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF EXISTING

REINFORCED CONCRETE BUILDINGS GUIDELINES

2. IS 13935-2009 for Masonry

SEISMIC EVALUATION AND STRENGTHENING OF MASONRY

BUILDINGS GUIDELINES

 Examination

of existing structure
Study of design/ drawings
Development of alternative rehabilitation
concepts
Intervention options
Level of safety
Examination

economics
Final Design

of technical feasibility and

Geometry and Configuration

Load Path Check

Weak/Soft Storey
Mass Irregularities
Short column
Effect of Adjacent Building
Torsion

Strength
Ductility

Exploration for provision of lintel

and Stiffness

Exposed rebar in beam

14

NON DISTRUBTIVE TEST

Smith Hammer Test

Rebar Test

Rebar Locator

Masonry Shear Test

In-Situ Test

Masonry Compressive Test

Flat Jack

Retrofitting of Masonry House

(Brick Masonry)

25

26

Splint starts from foundation

27

Retrofitting Techniques for Masonry

Buildings

Brick Joints are Cleaned to Provide Proper

Grip to all Retrofitting Elements with Wall

30

31

4" Nail @400mm c/c (Staggered)

4.75mm Torkari @150mm c/c

2nos. 8 mm dia. Toresteel

Steel bar detail in corner splints

Reinforcement Detail in Splints

32

2.5T

For 1 and half brick thick wall

2.5T

For 1 brick thick wall

35

36

Preparing for Splint & Bandage

1 cement : 1 .5 Sand: 3 Chips (10mm.)

First coat micro-concrete

37

Micro-concreting

38

Second coat micro concreting after

placing steel bars

39

41

Bracing

Weak Walls may Need to Brace

42

Retrofitting of Masonry House

(Stone Masonry)

43

Splints at Corner of Wall

44

Splint and bandages

Jacketing of Stone Masonry Column

45

Bandage at Lintel and Gable Level

46

 Improved

lateral acceleration resistance

and increased ductility of adobe wall.
Cost of bamboo retrofitting : of steel
meshing

48

Strengthening by splint and bandage technique

 Material

Traditional

R.C.C.
Steel
Modern
Fiber Reinforcement Polypore -FRP_

RCC Jacketing in Column & Beam

Retrofitted Column & Beam

Addition of Shear wall

The minimum specifications for jacketing columns are:

a) Concrete strength shall be at least 5 Mpa greater than the strength of the
existing concrete.
b) For columns where extra longitudinal reinforcement is not required, a
minimum of 12 bars in the four corners and ties of 8 @ 100 c/c should be
provided with 135 bendsand 10 leg lengths.
c) Minimum jacket thickness shall be 100 mm.
d) Lateral support to all the longitudinal bars shall be provided by ties with an
included angle of not more than 135.
e) Minimum diameter of ties shall be 8 mm and not less than one-third of the
longitudinal bar diameter.
f) Vertical spacing of ties shall not exceed 200 mm, whereas the spacing
close to the joints within a length of of the clear height shall not exceed 100
mm. Preferably, thespacing of ties shall not exceed the thickness of the jacket
or 200 mm whichever is less.
g) Increase the amount of concrete and steel actually to be provided as
follows to account for losses. Ac = (3/2)Ac and As = (4/3)A
where
Ac and As = actual concrete and steel

Before Retrofitting

After Retrofitting
83

Demonstrative Seismic Retrofitting of Puspa

Lal Memorial Library Building at Hetauda

After Retrofitting
84

Before Retrofitting

After Retrofitting
85

Before Retrofitting

After Retrofitting

86

Before Retrofitting

After Retrofitting

87

Retrofitting of Masonry Buildings by Splint and

Bandages Technique : Up to 25% to 30% of cost of
New Building Construction
Retrofitting of Masonry Buildings by Jacketing
Technique: Up to 30% to 35%
Retrofitting of RCC Frame Buildings : Up to 30% to
40%.
Adobe Construction : Limited to 15 %.

THANK YOU