What were the 3 aims of Hitlers Foreign Policy?

To abolish the Treaty of Versailles

To expand German territory
To defeat Communism
What was Lebensraum?
'Living space' - room for the growing German population, especially in eastern Europe.
What was Anschluss?
'Union' - specifically between Germany and Austria
What were the six steps to war, 19351939?
Rearmament (1933 onwards)
Rhineland (7 March 1936)
Austria (11 March 1938)
Sudetenland (1 October 1938)
Czechoslovakia (15 March 1939)
Poland (1 September 1939)
What is conscription?
Calling up men to join the army.
What date did Hitler introduce conscription in Germany?
1935.
When did Hitler reoccupy the Rhineland?
7 March 1936
How many soldiers did Hitlers army have when he reoccupied the Rhineland, and what were their
orders?
22,000; they had orders to retreat if the French tried to stop them.
What did Chamberlain give Hitler at Munich?
The Sudetenland - the Czechs were not consulted.
What was the date of the Munich agreement?
29 September 1938
When did Hitler invade Poland?
1 September 1939
When did Britain declare war on Germany?
3 September 1939
What was appeasement?
Giving a bully what he wants - specifically, buying peace by giving Hitler everything he wanted.

Give an example of someone who agreed with Chamberlains policy.

The Daily Express
Most of the British people
The French premier Daladier
Give an example of someone who disagreed with Chamberlains policy.
Winston Churchill
What date did Hitler invade Austria?
11 March 1938
During the Sudeten crisis, Chamberlain met Hitler on three occasions where, and when?
Berchtesgaden (15 September 1938)
Bad Godesberg (22 September 1938)
Munich (29 September 1938)
Why did Chamberlain decide not to help Czecholsovakia?
it was 'a far away country' - 'You only have to look at the map to see that nothing we could do could
possibly save Czechoslovakia'
it was a quarrel 'between peoples of whom we know nothing'
'War is a fearful thing, and we must be very clear before we embark on it that it is really the great
issues which are at stake'.
'I am myself a man of peace to the depths of my soul'.
There are 19 reasons why Chamberlain appeased Hitler; can you remember 10 of them?
Approval
Britain was weak
Communism
Democracy
Empire
France
German propaganda
Home
Ist World War
Justice
Kost
League of Nations
Morality
Neville Chamberlain
Out of sight, out of mind
Peace Movement
Quit
Remote
Spanish Civil War
What did Chamberlain call the Munich agreement?
'Peace for our time.'

What did Churchill call it?

'A total defeat'.
When did Hitler march into the Sudetenland?
1 October 1938
When did Hitler invade the rest of Czechoslovakia?
15 March 1939
What was Kristallnacht, and why did it turn British people away from appeasement?
Nazi attacks on the Jews (8 November 1938) - it showed that Hitler was a monster.
What was the National register, which was set up in December 1938?
A register of who would do what if there was a war
What were Londoners given in January to prepare them for war?
Anderson air-raid shelters
What did the Civil Defence Act of April 1939 say?
It made plans to evacuate women and children to the countryside.
What was the act which introduced conscription in England, and what date was it passed?
The Military Training Act (1 May 1939)
What was the name of the alliance between Mussolini and Hitler?
Pact of Steel (22 May 1939)
What was the date of the Nazi-Soviet Pact?
23 August 1939
Give four reasons why Britain did not manage to make an alliance with Russia?
Suspicion
Choice
Appeasement
Britain delayed
Give four reasons why Germany did manage to make an alliance with Russia?
Time to prepare for war
Hope to gain
Unhappy with Britain
Germany
When was the Kiel mutiny which precipitated Germanys defeat in World War I?
October 1918
When and where was the Weimar Republic declared?
Weimar, in Germany
Who became President of the Weimar Republic in 1919?
Freidrich Ebert
List FIVE differences in the Constitution, 1914 versus 1919.

Elected president not hereditary Kaiser

Chancellor responsible to the Reichstag, not to the Kaiser
Reichstag made laws and controlled the government (not the Kaiser)
Proportional representation (before only males over 25 could vote)
Bill of Rights
What was the Reichstag?
German Parliament
What did the Weimars Bill of Rights promise?
Equality before the law, and political and religious freedom
Name FIVE problems the Weimar government faced, 1919-1923
Ineffective Constitution
Left-wing rebellions
Right-wing rebellions
Invasion and hyperinflation of 1923
Munich Putsch
Which article of the Constitution gave emergency powers to the President?
Article 48
What is proportional voting and how did it damage the Weimar Republic?
parties got Reichstag seats, not by winning constituencies, but in proportion to the number of
votes they got nation-wide
Who was leader of the army in the 1920s, and how did he damage the Republic?
von Seeckt - he was right-wing and did not put down right-wing rebellions
Who led the Spartacist Revolt in 1919?
Rosa Luxemburg and Karl Leibknecht
Where did a Communist Peoples Government come to power in 1919?
Bavaria
What Communist group rebelled in the Ruhr in 1920?
Red Army - a paramilitary group
Who led a Freikorps brigade to rebel against the Versailles Treaty, March 1920?
Dr Wolfgang Kapp
Which SPD foreign minister was assassinated in 1922, and why?
Walter Rathenau - becase he made a treaty with Communist Russia
Why did many right-wing troublemakers get away with their crimes?
Because right-wing judges sympathised with their cause
Where did the French invade in January 1923?
The Ruhr
What was hyperinflation, and what caused it?
Runaway rising prices. It was caused by the government printing money to pay striking workers,
who had gone on strike to oppose the French invasion
What did Bruno Buchrucker do?
led the Black Reichswehr rebellion in Berlin, October 1923
Who founded the Nazi party?
Anton Drexler
Which FOUR groups of people did Hitler blame for Germanys problems?
the Allies who enforced the Versailles Treaty
The November Criminals who signed it

The Communists
the Jews (who he said were behind it all)
Give SEVEN causes of the Weimar governments problems
Communists wanted world revolution/hated the new government
Right-wing politicians hated the Versailles Treaty and wanted the Kaiser back
Officials were disloyal and hated the government
Army led by General von Seeckt was unreliable
Proportional representation prevented one party getting a majority
Occupation of the Ruhr humiliated the Gernans and led to hyperinflation
Printing money to pay strikers.
How many of the 25-points of the programme of the Nazi Party can you remember?
Unity of all German-speaking peoples
Abolition of the Treaty of Versailles
Conquer land to feed Germanys population
Only Germans (not Jews) can be citizens
Special laws for non-Germans
Only Germans can vote, be employed or hold public office
Expel foreigners to give all Germans job and a decent standard of living
Foreigners who have come to Germany since 1914 must be expelled
All citizens have equal rights and duties
The first duty of a citizen is to work
No payments to unemployed people
War-profiteers give back the money they made
Nationalisation of industries
Large companies must share their profits
Pensions must be improved
Help for small shops and businesses
Give small farmers their land
Punish criminals by death
Reform of the law to make it more German
Improve education so that all Germans can get a job
Improve peoples health by making it law for people to do sport
A new Peoples Army
German newspapers free of foreign influence
Freedom of religion
Strong central government with unrestricted power
What were the FOUR principles of Mein Kampf?
National socialism & loyalty to Germany
Racism; all races inferior to Aryans
Lebensraum; living space in Poland & Russia
Strong government - Obedience to Fuhrer & use of armed force.
Who were the thugs of the Nazi party who terrorised opponents?
Sturmabteilung - the Stormtroopers (SA)
Which FIVE groups supplied most supporters of the Nazis?
Skilled workers
Businessmen
Lower employees (eg shop assistants)

Unskilled workers
Farmers
Give FIVE causes of the Munich Putsch
Weakness of Weimar republic [ILRI]
Nazi Party growing - to 55,000 (including SA/ Ludendorff)
Stresemann called off resistance to the French invasion
Mussolini's example
The planned Bavarian rebellion was called off
Which right-wing group rebelled in Berlin in 1923?
Black Reichswehr
What three Bavarian leaders did Hitler try to get to join the Munich Putsch?
Kahr, Lossow, Seisser
List FOUR results of the Munich Putsch
Nazis defeated - Hitler arrested, imprisoned and forbidden to speak
Hitler used his trial as a propaganda exercise
Mein Kampf published
Hitler began to try to get power by being elected
Suggest FOUR reasons the Weimar republic survived
Freikorps put down Communist rebellions of 1919-20
Army put down Communist revolts of 1923
Left-wing strikers defeated the Kapp Putsch in 1920
Stresemann brought stable, prosperous government
List SIX things Stresemann achieved
Dawes Plan 1924
Controlled inflation
Got the French to leave the Ruhr
Germany joined the League of Nations
Economic growth
Reforms made life better for ordinary people
For what were the following famous: Gropius, Marlene Dietrich, Otto Dix and Erich Maria
Remarque?
Gropius - architect (founder of the Bauhaus school of art & architecture)
Marlene Dietrich - singer/ filmstar
Otto Dix - painted horrific pictures of trenches
Erich Maria Remarque - wrote All Quiet on the Western Front
What modern film was set in 1930 Berlin?
Cabaret
Explain FIVE ways Hitler reorganised the Nazi Party, 19241928.
Set a fanatical personal bodyguard, the SS
Took over other right-wing parties
Set up Hitler Youth
Josef Goebbels developed propaganda
Gained the support of wealthy businessmen
How did Hitler appeal to German businessmen?
They saw him as a safeguard against Communism
Name FOUR German firms or individuals who financed Hitler.
Fritz von Thyssen (steel)

Alfred Krupp (steel)

IG Faben (chemicals)
Skoda
Name TWO non-German firms or individuals who financed Hitler.
Henry Ford (Ford cars)
Irenee du Pont (General Motors)
Who drew the Nazi posters?
Hans Schweitzer - 'Mjolnir'
What were the NINE reasons Hitler came to power in 1933
Long-term bitterness about Versailles
Ineffective Constitution of Weimar Republic
Money from rich businessmen
Propaganda machine
Programme which offered something to everyone
Attacks on opponents by SA
Personal qualities - especially speaking ability
Economic Depression
Recruited by Hindenburg
How many unemployed were there in Germany in 1928 and in 1932?
2 million in 1928; 6 million in 1932
How many seats did the Nazi party have in the Reichstag in 1928 and in 1933?
12 in 1928; 288 in 1933
Suggest FOUR personal qualities which helped Hitler come to power.
Brilliant speaker
Powerful eyes
Good organiser
Driven determination
What caused the economic depression in 1929?
Wall Street Crash caused American banks to call in loans
Who was Chancellor in 1932?
von Papen
Who was President in 1932?
Hindenburg
What date did Hitler become Chancellor?
30 January 1933
List the EIGHT steps by which Hitler turned his position as Chancellor into that of Fuhrer?
Reichstag Fire - 27 Feb 1933
General Election - 5 March 1933
Enabling Act - 23 March 1933
Gestapo - 26 April 1933
Trade Unions banned - 2 May 1933
Opposition banned - 14 July 1933
Night of the Long Knives - 30 June 1934
Fuhrer - 19 August 1934
List SEVEN ways the Nazis kept control of the German people?
One-Party State

Terror
Propaganda
Youth
Workforce
Religion
Racism
List SIX German social groups affected by the Nazi regime.
Nazi Party members
Ordinary people
Women
Youth
Opponents
'Untermensch

Who was Prime Minister of Britain in 1945?

Winston Churchill
Who was president of the USA in February 1945?
Franklin D Roosevelt
Who became president of the USA in 1945?
Truman
Who was leader of Russia in 1945?
Stalin
What is a cold war?
America and Russia were enemies but they didnt declare war. But they did everything to oppose
each other short of war.
List FOUR causes of the Cold War.
Beliefs
Aims
Resentment about History
Events
What do Communists believe?
That the means of production should be owned and controlled by the government.
The USA is a capitalist democracy. What do these words mean?
Capitalists believe that property and industry should be privately owned.
Democracy is where the people can elect their own government.
Name TWO historical complaints that Stalin had against Britain and the USA.
In 1918 Britain and the USA had tried to destroy the Russian Revolution.
Stalin thought that they had not given him enough help in the Second World War.

What could Britain and the USA not forgive Stalin for (from 1939)?
Stalin had signed the Nazi-Soviet Pact with Germany in 1939.
Give TWO things that Stalin wanted from the peace.
huge reparations from Germany,
a buffer of friendly states to protect the USSR from being invaded again.
What worried Britain and the USA about Stalins plans?
that large areas of eastern Europe were falling under Soviet control.
When did Russia develop the atomic bomb?
1949
List NINE events leading up to the Cold War, Feb 1945 to Mar 1948.
Yalta Conference (Feb 1945)
Potsdam Conference (Jul 1945)
Salami tactics (1945-48)
Fulton Speech (Mar 1946)
Greece (Feb 1947)
Truman Doctrine (Mar 1947)
Marshall Plan (Jun 1947)
Cominform (Oct 1947)
Czechoslovakia (Mar 1948)
Give FOUR things agreed at Yalta.
divide Germany into four zones, which Britain, France, the USA and the USSR would occupy after the
war.
hold elections in the countries of eastern Europe.
set up a government in Poland which would contain both Communists and non-Communists.
set up the United Nations.
Explain TWO reasons why the Potsdam Conference was less successful than Yalta.
In March 1945, Stalin had invited the non-Communist Polish leaders to meet him, and arrested them.
America had a new president, Truman, who was determined to get tough with the Russians.
Name THREE things that the Big Three disagreed about at Potsdam.
the details of how to divide Germany.
the size of reparations Germany ought to pay.
Soviet policy in eastern Europe.
What were salami tactics?
gradually getting rid of all opposition, bit-by-bit.
Was is totalitarianism?
where the government has total power over the people.
Was does the word imperialistic mean?
wanting to build and empire. Communists used it as an abuse-word to describe the western powers.

What was Churchills Fulton speech (5 March 1946) about?

He said a shadow had fallen on eastern Europe, which was now cut off from the free world by an iron
curtain. Behind that line, he said, the people of eastern Europe were subject to Soviet influence . . .
totalitarian control [and] police governments.
Why did Britain keep soldiers in Greece after the Second World War had finished?
To support the Greek free government against the Communists.
What happened when the British could no longer afford to keep soldiers in Greece?
America paid for the soldiers, and also gave economic aid to Greece.
What did the Truman Doctrine say?
Truman told Americans that it was Americas DUTY to stop Communism.
His policy towards the Soviet Union was one of containment he did not try to destroy the USSR, but
he wanted to stop it growing any more.
Why did Marshall propose the Marshall Plan?
He said every country in Europe was so poor that it was in danger of turning Communist!
Europe was a breeding ground of hate.
How much aid did the Marshall Plan want to send to Europe?
$17 billion
Which country turned Communist in March 1948?
Czechoslovakia
What rival to Marshall Aid did Stalin set up in 1947?
Cominform
Give FIVE causes of the Berlin blockade.
Cold War was just getting started
Aims
Bizonia
American Aid
New Currency
How long did the blockade last?
318 days
How did the US and Britain supply the Berliners?
by airplane
List FOUR results of the Berlin blockade.
Cold War got worse
East and West Germany
NATO and the Warsaw Pact
Arms Race

What rival alliance to NATO did the USSR set up in 1955?

Warsaw Pact
Why was the Korean War important in the history of the Cold War?
It was the first conflict outside Europe - the Cold War went global.
Name the ruler of North Korea in 1950.
Kim Il Sung
Name the ruler of South Korea in 1950.
Syngman Rhee
List THREE reasons why Truman was interested in the Far East.
Cold War
Domino Theory
Japan
When did China turn Communist?
1949
Whose agreement to invade South Korea did Kim II Sung seek?
Stalin (Russia)
MaoTse Tung (China)
What excuse did Kim II Sung have for attacking South Korea?
In 1950, Syngman Rhee boasted that he was going to attack North Korea.
Who was winning the war at its start in June 1950?
The North Korean People's Army (NKPA)
Who led the UN forced which landed in July 1950?
General MacArthur
Why did the Chinese enter the war?
The American Army drove back the North Koreans and recaptured South Korea. It invaded North
Korea. It advanced as far as the Chinese border.
How many Chinese soldiers died in the war?
200,000
Why was MacArthur sacked?
He publicly criticised Truman's order to stop at the 38th parallel (he wanted to conquer North Korea).
When did Stalin die? Who became the new leader of Russia
1953: Nikita Khrushchev.
What were the meetings between the superpower leaders called?
Summits

What did Khrushchev tell Tito in 1955?

There are different roads to Communism.
What did Khrushchev say about Stalin in 1956?
He said he was a murderer and a tyrant.
What was Khrushchevs policy called? What did he really mean by it?
Peaceful co-existence: but he meant peaceful competition
What was de-stalinisation? Why was it dangerous for world peace?
Political prisoners were set free. It destabilised Iron Curtain countries.
How did Khrushchev build up support in countries like Afghanistan and Burma?
Economic aid.
What was the first satellite and when was it launched?
Sputnik, 1957.
Who was the first astronaut to orbit the earth, and when did he do it?
Yuri Gagarin, 1961.
When did Russia get the hydrogen bomb?
1953.
What was the military alliance set up by Khrushchev, and what countries were in it?
Warsaw Pact:
USSR
Albania
Bulgaria
Czechoslovakia
East Germany
Hungary
Poland
Romania.
Which American senator led a witch-hunt for communists in America?
Joseph McCarthy
What did NATO agree to in 1955 in West Germany?
A West German army of half a million men.
How did America spy on Russia?
U2 planes.
Name the FIVE crises after 1955.
1956 Poland
1956 Hungary

1960
1961
1962

U2 crisis
Berlin Wall
Cuban Missile Crisis

Who led the Polish riots of 1956?

Railway workers
Which Polish Communist kept control of Poland?
Gomulka
List the FIVE reasons for the Hungarian uprising.
Poverty
Russian control
Catholic Church
Help from the West
Destalinisation
Who rioted in Hungary on 23 October 1956, and what did they do?
Smashed Stalins statue, attacked the AVH and Russian soldiers.
Who became the Prime Minister of Hungary?
Imre Nagy
What FOUR reforms did the rebels order?
Democracy
Freedom of speech
Freedom of religion
Leave the Warsaw Pact
What FIVE reasons led Russia to send in the tanks? Which was the most important?
Hungary wanted to leave the Warsaw Pact: this was the most important.
China asked Russia to act
Hungary seemed to be turning capitalist
Hard-line Communists in the Russian government
Khrushchev realised the West would not help.
How many tanks invaded Budapest.
1000
Why did Britain and France not help Hungary?
Britain and France were involved in the Suez crisis
Who was the President of America in 1956? Why did he not help Hungary?
Eisenhower. He did not think Hungary worth a war.
Why did the UN not help Hungary?
Russia used its veto.

Who did Khrushchev put in charge of Hungary?

Janos Kadar
How many Hungarians fled to Austria?
200,000
What did Khrushchev demand from America in 1959?
That America withdraw from West Berlin.
With whom did Khrushchev argue about kitchens in 1959?
American Vice-President Richard Nixon.
What crisis began on 5 May 1960.
U2 crisis.
Which summit meeting was ruined because of the crisis?
Paris Summit, 14 May 1960.
Who did the Americans elect as their President in 1961?
John F Kennedy.
Which two places in the Far East did Kennedy finance anti-communist fighters?
Vitenam and Laos.
How many refugees had fled to West Berlin by 1961? Why was this bad for Russia?
3 million:
It was an embarrassment because it showed Communism was NOT better for people.
Many of the people who fled were skilled workers.
What did Khrushchev demand at the Vienna summit of June 1961?
That the Americans leave West Berlin.
What date did Khrushchev begin to build the Berlin Wall?
13 August 1961.
Why did Khrushchev say he built the wall?
The Americans were using West Berlin as a base for spies and sabotage.
When did Fidel Castro come to power in Cuba?
1959.
What did his 1960 trade agreement with Russia say?
Cuba sent sugar to Russia in return for oil, machines and money.
What did Castro do to America companies in 1961 which angered America?
Nationalised them.

What was the name for the failed invasion of Cuba in 1961. Why was it an embarrassment for Kennedy?
Bay of Pigs: although the CIA supported the invasion, it failed miserably.
What did a U2 spy-plane discover on Cuba in October 1962?
Nuclear missile bases.
What were Kennedys FIVE options, and which did he choose?
Nuclear strike
Conventional attack
Work through UN
Do nothing
Mount a naval blockade this is what he chose to do, at a meeting on 16 October 1962.
What did Khrushchev accuse America of?
Piracy, and trying to destroy humankind.
What deal was done between Kennedy and Khrushchev?
Khrushchev dismantled the Cuban bases publicly; Turkey dismantled the Turkish bases secretly.
What event during the crisis (27 Oct) almost caused a nuclear war?
An American U2 spy-plane was shot down by the Cubans.
What did the two leaders set up after the Missiles Crisis to prevent another such crisis?
A telephone hotline.
What agreement began the thaw in 1963?
Nuclear Test Ban Treaty.
Why was the League of Nations set up in 1919?
Because Wilson wanted it more than anything else.
What Treaty set up the League of Nations
Treaty of Versailles
What were the four aims of the League of Nations?
Stop Wars
Improve people's lives and jobs
Disarmament
Enforce the Treaty of Versailles
What happened when Wilson went back home to America?
The Senate refused to join the League or ratify the Treaty of Versailles
Why did the Americans not want to join the League of Nations?
Many Americans were German immigrants and hated the Treaty of Versailles
Americans did not want to get involved in European affairs because it might involve Americans dying in
a war.
Americans did not want to get involved in European affairs because it might cost money
Many Americans were anti-British and hated the British Empire (the American revolution had been to

get out of the British Empire)

How many countries joined the League of Nations in 1919?
42
How many members did the League have in the 1930s?
60
Name three powerful countries which were not members of the League.
USA
USSR
Germany
Why was Russia not a member of the League?
A Communist country, hated Britain and France
Why was Germany not a member of the League?
Not allowed to join by the Treaty of Versailles
Who were the four main members of the League?
Britain,
France,
Italy,
Japan
What four powers did the League have to enforce its decisions? Explain them.
Covenant
Condemnation
Arbitration
Sanctions
What did the League NOT have which made it hard for it to enforce its decisions?
An army
What were the eight main parts of the Leagues organisation?
Secretariat
Council
Assembly
Court of International Justice
Health Committee
International Labour Organisation
Refugees Commission
Mandates Commission
Slavery Commission
How many times a year did the Leagues Assembly meet?
once a year

How many times a year did the Council meet?

4-5 times a year, and when necessary
What did the Court of International Justice do?
settled small disputes
What did the Health Committee of the League do?
tried to improve the health of the people of the world
What did the Slavery Committee of the League do?
Tried to free all slaves
What did the Refugee Committee of the League do?
tried to get refugees home, or into camps
What was the job of the Secretariat?
To organise the work of the committees, and liaise between them
Which two countries were involved in the Corfu dispute of 1923?
Italy and Greece
Who was the leader of Italy?
Mussolini
Which two countries were involved in the Bulgaria incident of 1925?
Bulgaria and Greece
How many prisoners of war did the League get home?
Half a million
In which country did the League set up a refugee camp?
Turkey
Which two diseases did the League try to destroy?
leprosy and malaria
How did the League try to say no to drugs?
Closed down 4 Swiss drugs companies
How many slaves did the League set free?
200,000
Which two countries did the League send economics experts to?
Austria and Hungary
What did the Kellogg-Briand Pact promise in 1928?
To abolish war

How did Britain and France make Germany pay reparations in 1921?
Invaded the Ruhr
What did the League try to arrange at its disarmament conference?
All nations to reduce their weapons
Why did the Disarmament Conference of 1931 fail?
Hitler demanded equality with the other countries
Which country broke the Treaty of Versailles by attacking Russia in 1920?
Poland
What did the Leagues International Labour Organisation try to do?
48-hour week
Which country invaded Manchuria in 1931?
Japan
What was the economic depression of the 1930s?
Wall Street (the US Stock Market) crashed
USA called in loans
Factories closed down
People out of work/ starved
Why didnt France and Britain try to force Japan to leave Manchuria?
Did not want to go to war
Which country did Italy invade in 1935?
Abyssinia
What did Britain and France secretly agree with Italy?
to let Italy have Abyssinia
What effect did the Leagues failures in Manchuria and Abyssinia have?
Destroyed confidence in it
Many countries left
List seven reasons the League failed.
Weak
America
Structure/ organisation
Dictators
Unsuccessful
Members
'Big Bullies'
What was the ceasefire of November 1918 called?
Armistice

When did the Versailles Conference begin?

Jan 1919
How many countries attended the Conference?
32
What did Sir Eric Geddes want?
'everything you can squeeze out of a lemon, and a bit more'.
Who were the three most important men at the Conference?
Georges Clemenceau, Woodrow Wilson, David Lloyd George
What was their nickname?
The Big Three
Who was the prime minister of France?
Georges Clemenceau
List 4 things Clemenceau wanted from the peace.
revenge
punish
make Germany pay reparations
weaken
Who was the President of America?
Woodrow Wilson
Give 7 things Wilson wanted from the peace.
make the world safe
end war
fair peace
14 Points
disarmament
League of Nations
self-determination
What were his ideas for a better world called?
14 Points
What were the 3 main ideas of the Fourteen Points?
disarmament
League of Nations
self-determination
What was the name for the assembly, where Wilson wanted countries to talk about their problems,
instead of going to war?
League of Nations
Who was the Prime Minister of Britain?
David Lloyd George
Give 5 things Lloyd George wanted from the peace.
'make Germany pay', but not too much
justice,
not revenge
not too harsh
halfway point
What were the FOUR terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Blame

Reparations
Armed forces
Germany lost Territory.
Which Clause blamed Germany for the war?
Clause 231
What were reparations?
Money Germany had to pay for the damage done during the war
How much were reparations eventually set at?
6,600 million
Explain the 5 things the Treaty said about Germanys armed forces.
Germany was forbidden to have submarines
Germany was forbidden to have an air force.
Germany could have a navy of only six battleships
Germany could have an Army of just 100,000 men.
Germany was not allowed to place any troops in the Rhineland, the strip of land, 50 miles wide, next
to France.
List 5 areas of land in Europe that Germany lost.
Alsace-Lorraine
Schleswig
Polish Corridor
Saar
Danzig
What is the word which means that troops were not allowed in the Rhineland?
Demilitarisation
What happened to Germanys colonies?
Given as League of Nations 'mandates' to Britain and France.
What did the Treaty say about Austria?
Anschluss with Germany was forbidden
Why did the Germans refuse to agree to Clause 231?
They did not believe it was true -- they said Russia had started the war.
What made the Germans pay reparations in January 1921?
Britain, France and Belgium invaded.
Why were the Germans angry about their tiny army?
They could not defend themselves
What did the German sailors do to the fleet?
Scuttled (sank) it.
How much of its land did Germany lose?
12%
Explain why the Germans thought the Treaty was unfair.
They had not been asked to Versailles, and few of the 14 Points got into the Treaty.
What did the Germans feel when they heard about the Treaty?
pain and anger - a German newspaper called it 'the disgraceful Treaty'
Who did the Treaty helped to rise to power.
Hitler.
What did a German newspaper promise?
We will never stop until we win back what we deserve.
List 4 things Clemenceau liked about the peace.

Reparations (would repair the damage to France),

The tiny German army, and the demilitarised zone in the
Rhineland (would protect France),
France got Alsace-Lorraine, and German colonies.
Why did he dislike it?
He wanted the Treaty to be harsher.
He wanted Germany to be split up into smaller countries.
What two things did Wilson get that he wanted?
League of Nations
Self-determination
Why did he hate the Treaty?
Some of his 14 Points did not get into the Treaty.
Two things happened when Wilson went home. What?
When Wilson went back to America, the Senate refused to join the League of Nations, and even
refused to sign the Treaty of Versailles!
Lloyd George liked two things about the Treaty. What?
The fact that Britain got some German colonies (expanded the British Empire),
The small German navy (helped Britain to continue to 'rule the waves').
What did Lloyd George hate about the Treaty?
He thought it was too harsh and would start another war in 25 years' time.
List the four other treaties of 191920.
Saint Germain (with Austria)
Neuilly (with Bulgaria)
Trianon (with Hungary)
Svres (with Turkey)
List four reasons the Treaty of Versailles was more important than these treaties.
with Germany,
decided by the Big Three,
set up the League of Nations,
set down the principles of how the defeated countries would be treated.
What were the four main principles of the Treaty of Versailles?
reparations/ disarmament/ loss of land/ self-determination
What does self-determination mean.
The right to rule yourselves.
List 5 new nation-states created by the treaties of 191920.
Czechs and Slovaks in Czechoslovakia
Hungarians in Hungary
Austrians in Austria
Poles in Poland
Slavs in Yugoslavia
Which empire did it split up to make these new nation-states?
Austro-Hungaria
Which races ruled in Czechoslovakia?
Czechs and Slovaks
Which people ruled in Yugoslavia?
Serbs
List four problems with self-determination.

It caused small Wars in Poland, Teschen and Fiume.

It was not allowed for Germany.
It created many small, Weak countries, which Hitler easily conquered later.
The new nation-states had racial Minorities living there.