TABLE OF CONTENTS

No.

Topics

1.

Introduction

2.

Objective

3.

Theory

4.

Equipment

5.

Procedure

6.

Data and Result

7.

Sample Of Calculation

8.

Analysis and Discussion

9.

Conclusion

10.

References

Page
No.

INTRODUCTION

The heat exchange process between the fluids that are at distinct temperatures
with a separation of solid wall occurs in many engineering applications. Heat
exchanger is a device used to implement this exchange process. A few
applications may include space heating and air-conditioning, waste heat recovery
and chemical processing.

Heat exchangers can be divided into two classifications, which are flow
arrangement accordance and construction type. The heat exchanger applied in
this experiment is the simplest one, with the hot as well as the cold fluids move
in the same or opposite directions in a concentric tube construction. In the
parallel flow arrangement, both hold and cold fluids enter at the same end, flow
in the same direction, and leave at the same end. In the counter flow
arrangement, the fluids enter at different ends, flow in different directions, and
leave at different ends. The two configurations are differentiated by an
idealisation that controls the fluid motion over the tubes as being unmixed or
mixed.

The heats were transferred between two fluids via convention mode,
which refers to the hot fluid to the wall and also by conduction which occur
within the wall itself and back to the convection process from wall to the cold
fluid.

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentric_tube_heat_exchanger

OBJECTIVE:
To investigate the effect of the flow rate variation on the performance of a
concentric tube heat exchanger.

THEORY:
Concentric tube heat exchanger is one of the most common conductiveconvective types of heat exchanger. Counter flow is defined as when both fluids
enter from the opposite sides and flow through the opposite directions. It is
commonly claimed that the counter flow is more efficient than the parallel flow
whereas the parallel flow is defined as when both fluids enter the concentric tube
heat exchanger from the same sides and flow through the same directions.

The equation for calculation the performance characteristics: power emitted,

power absorbed, power lost, efficiency (), logarithmic mean temperature
difference (), and overall heat transfer coefficient (U).
The efficiency for the cold medium is:

T
Tc ,in
T h,T 100
c c ,out
100
T c ,outT
Th ,in Tc ,in

c,

nc

c,

The efficiency for the hot medium is:

h ,T c ,
T
T h ,T

h=
n
h ,out

Th ,in Th ,out
Th ,in Tc ,in

100

100

The mean Temperature efficiency is:

n +n
nmean= c h
2

mean

The power emitted is given by (where

fluid):

Vh

c h
2

is the volumetric flow rate of the hot

h ,T h , out
Power Emitted Vh h C ph Th ,in Th ,out
T
V h h C pc

The power absorbed is given by (where

cold fluid):

c ,
T c , out T
V c c C pc

is the volumetric flow rate of the

Power Absorbed Vc c C pc Tc ,out Tc ,in

The power lost is therefore:

Power lost = Power Emitted Power Absorbed

The overall efficiency () is:

Power Absorbed
100
Power Emitted

The logarithmic mean temperature difference (Tm) is:

Tm

T1 T2 Th ,in Tc ,out Th ,out Tc ,in

T1
Th,in Tc ,out

ln
ln

T2
Th,out Tc ,in

The overall heat transfer coefficient (U) is:

Power Absorbed
As Tm

where the surface area (As) for this heat exchanger is 0.067 m2.

Equipment

Procedure

1. The main power was switch on to turn on all the equipment systems.
2. The experiment was configured for counter flow heat exchanger operation
such as turn ON the heating element to heat the fluids.
3. Set the required temperature to Th,in = 60 with the decade switch
and set the cold water volumetric flow rate (Vc) to run at a constant 2000
cm3 /min.
4. Initially, the hot water volumetric flow rate Vh was setup at 1000 cm 3
/min. Wait until 3 minutes before the seven temperature reading are
records.
5. Repeat this for volumetric flow rate, Vh of 1500,2000,2500,3000,3500
and 4000 ( cm 3 /min ) for hot water.
6. The temperature was recorded in the table.
7. Step 3 to 6 was repeated to configured for parallel flow heat exchanger
operation.
8. After finish up the experiment, the heating elements and the valve was
turn off for hot and cold water.

TABLE AND RESULT

Sample Of Calculation

Analysis and Discussion

Conclusion

References