Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
What is stress? What is strain? How to they compare
and contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress- The force per unit area acting on a material, exceeds
the strength on the rocks involved
Strain- The deformation of materials in response to stress
Stress

Strain

The force per unit

area acting on a
material, exceeds
the strength on the
rocks involved

The deformation of
materials in
response to stress

3 types;
compression,

Both deal with forces

within earth

What are the 3 different types of faults? Describe

each.
Reverse faults- fractures that form as a result of
horizontal compression.
Normal faults- Fractures caused by horizontal tension
Strike-slip fault- fractures caused by horizontal shear
Type of
waves
Primary

Materials & Sketch

Description

Movement

(P-waves)
Squeeze and
pulls rocks in
the same
direction,
along which
the waves are
traveling

Rock
particles
move back
and forth

Earthquake Guided Notes

page494

Secondary (S-Waves)
Cause rocks
to move at
right angles
in relation to
the direction
of the
waves.

Surface

Move in
two
directions
as they
pass
through
rock.

Rock
particles
move up
and down
and side to
side

Rocks
move up
and down

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes

compare and contrast?
Compare- Both deal with how earthquakes are
formed.
Contrast- Focus is where an earth quake originates,
and is BELOW the surface whereas, the epicenter is
the point on earths surface directly ABOVE the focus
of an earthquake.
The greater the distance between P and S waves
on a seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance
away from the epicenter.

Earthquake Guided Notes

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The greater the distance between P and S waves
on the seismograph the longer distance away from
the epicenter,

What is the name of the scale used to measure the

energy released during an earthquake? What is the
range of the scale?
The Richter scale is used to measure the energy
released during an earthquake. Scale is 0-10
What is the name of the scale used to measure the
intensity (damage done) during and earthquake?
What is the range of the scale?
Mercalli scale is used to measure the intensity during
an earthquake. Range is 1-12
Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a
level 1, 5, and 10
1- not felt
5-Felt outdoors, small unstable objects displaced or
upset

10-Many buildings and bridges destroyed