THINKING SKILLS

FCE3204
HOTS

NAME: MUHAMMAD NABIL DANIAL BIN MOHD ZAINI

MATRIC NO: 187959
LECTURER: DR. MAIZURA BINTI YASIN

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Critical thinking is a process of action. According to Browne and Keeley, critical

thinking refers to awareness of a set of interrelated critical questions, ability to ask and
response to critical questions at appropriate times; and the desire to actively use the critical
questions. For instance, an educator uses brilliant questioning to guide students to their very
own new comprehensions.
Logical thinking is to think on the origin of knowledge, what we know or what we
aware of and certainties, what can be proven. Accordingly, logical thinkers usually have a
clear goal or solution, systematic planning, using information, reasoning and checking
conclusions. The flaw in logical thinking is that it relies on the conscious brain and this is the
most limited and vulnerable part of our thinking.
Metacognitive thinking involves the use of metacognitive strategies or metacognitive
regulation (Brown, 1987) or in simpler term, thinking about thinking. For example,
understanding a passage. These processes help to regulate and oversee learning, and consist
of planning and monitoring cognitive activities, as well as checking the outcomes of those
activities. Self-questioning is a common metacognitive comprehension monitoring strategy.
Reflective thinking requires scientific analysis of a problem and using
empirical knowledge to make decisions. According to John Dewey, a disciplined mind is
necessary to gain knowledge and obtain true intellectual freedom. When group members use
reflective thinking, they are able to use the scientific method to reach logical decisions and
understand the strength of the group based on individual competencies.
Creative thinking is the process to develop ideas that are unique and worthy of further
elaboration or to allow ourselves to think further our limits and to allow ourselves to wonder
at things, to be completely imaginative. For example, brainstormingwaystoimproveour

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References
Boundless Communications. (2016, August 8). Reflective Thinking. Retrieved
from Boundless:
https://www.boundless.com/communications/textbooks/boundlesscommunications-textbook/speaking-in-and-for-groups-18/working-ingroups-87/reflective-thinking-337-5857/
Doyle, A. (2015, September 27). Creative Thinking Definition (With Examples).
Retrieved from The Balance: https://www.thebalance.com/creativethinking-definition-with-examples-2063744
Garner, E. (2012). Thinking Skills: Using Your Brain in the Information Age. Ventus
Publishing ApS.
Harris, R. (1998, April 2). Introduction to Creative Thinking. Retrieved from Virtual
Salt: http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook1.htm
Livingston, J. A. (1997). Metacognition: An Overview. Retrieved from University at
Buffalo: http://gse.buffalo.edu/fas/shuell/cep564/metacog.htm
M. Neil Browne, S. M. (2007). Asking The Right Questions. In A Guide to Critical
Thinking. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

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