Earthquake Guided Notes

page494
What is stress? The forces per unit area acting upon
a material. What is strain? The deformation of
materials in response to stress. How to they compare
and contrast? (make a Venn diagram)
Stress

Force
acting
upon a
materi
al

strain

Stress

must
occur
for
strain to
arehappen
the 3

Deformati
on in
response
to stress

What
different types of faults? Describe
each. Reverse fault: fractures that form as a result of
horizontal compression. Normal fault: fractures
caused by horizontal tension. Strike-slip fault: san
Andreas fault
Type of
waves
Primary

Secondary

Materials &
Description

Sketch

With the
ocean wave

Squeeze and
pull rocks
the same
direction as
the waves.
Cause rocks
to move at
right angles
in relation to

Movement

^^^

In relation to

Earthquake Guided Notes

page494

Surface

the direction
of waves
An up and
down
movement
similar to an
ocean wave

Up and down

How do the focus and the epicenter of earthquakes

compare and contrast? contrast: focus is where the
earthquake originates from, epicenter is the point
directly above the focus. Compare: they fall in line
with one another
The greater the distance between P and S waves
on a seismograph the (longer or shorter) distance
away from the epicenter.
What is the name of the scale used to measure the
energy released during an earthquake? What is the
range of the scale?
Seismograph, 1-10
What is the name of the scale used to measure the
intensity (damage done) during an earthquake?
What is the range of the scale? Richter

Describe the damage caused by earthquakes for a

level 1, 5, and 10 level 1 earthquake damage is
almost nothing, level five is some damage but not
much, level 10 is a lot of damage.