and phase cement clinker Phases ‘The polymorphism and crystal chemistr i Regourd and Boikova.'? Chemical dop: burning, markedly influence the polymo: beconsidered first. For Ca,SiO, the sequi appears to be as follows: ants, phism. However, data for pure Ca,SiO, rf ence of polymorphic transformations upon heating i 1) —>T; —>M, —+M, —M,—>R 620° 920" 980" 990° 1060" 1070" where letters indicate the formal crystallographic symmetry: T = and R = rhombohedral; sub: The sequence presented | for the recently discove range.?° This transform heat effects, revealed | phase transformations I triclinic, M = monoclinic script numerals designate variants of a particular symmetry. in general agreement with that previously reported except lymorph, which is said to be stable only over a 10°C nce is at least partially reversible on cooling. Reversible ire calorimetry and thermal analysis, disclose that d 920°C, and also between 920 and 990°C. On the other hand, optical da existence of only two triclinic forms between 620 and 980°C and of only two orms, between 980 and 1070°C.?° Thus the sequence of phase transformation completely reversible and, moreover, different techniques lead to minor differences concerning the number of polymorphs. It is of course possible to have phase transformations which would escape detection by thermal methods because AH is fortuitously nearly zero. But these differences in interpretation are relatively minor and the general sequence of phase transformations in alite must now be considered to be Well established; upon cooling, the high-temperature R phase tends to convert to monoclinic and triclini . What a to cement making is that at high temperatures, defined as above ~1070°C, Ca,SiO,, has rhombohedral symmetry. Moreover, during the peak temperature €xcursion of the clinkering cycle, the rhombohedral phase incor a ich in Solid solution — Mg, Al, Fe, etc. Upon cooling, the high-temperature a oe aa ue isno longer stable and normally undergoes polymorphic changes, alt a geet! hea Phase may be atleast partially preserved to ambient in some clinkers. The lower-tempe i i f the high-temperature rhombol _ Polymorphs may be regarded as distortions of t ten ise: although the various triclinic and monoclinic ra i ag y they are nevertheless closely related to the pis co hedral itoms incorporated into the R phase may aa a io from that found for pure C,S. Impurit ent sequence of minor F ; ice