Introduction to

Database Concepts
Darwin C. Llavore
CS206: Database Management Systems

Topic Outline
Data VS Information

What is a database? DBMS?

DBMS VS File Processing System

Typical Components of DBMS Environment

Types of Database

Database Architecture
Database Language
Types of DB Languages

Data VS Information
Data - collection of raw facts

Information a processed and converted data into a

meaningful form.

Data VS Information

What is a database?
A database is an organized collection of related data

Database is a shared, integrated computer structure that

stores a collection of:

End-user data
Metadata, or data about data, through which the end-user data

are integrated and managed.

The metadata provide a links the data found within the

database. description of the data characteristics and the set of

relationships that

What is a database?

What is a DBMS?
Database Management System is a collection of

programs that manages the database structure and controls

access to the data stored in the database.
A database management system (DBMS) is a

collection of programs that enables users to create and

maintain a database.
It is basically a computer based record keeping system
(program).
Ex. MySQL, Microsoft Access,SQLlite,FoxPro,
Oracle

DBMS VS File Processing

File Processing System is a system used to store and manage

data that involves each department or area within an

organization having its own set of files
Disadvantages:
Program-Data Dependence
Duplication of Data

Limited data sharing

Lengthy Development Times

DBMS VS File Processing

DBMS VS File Processing

Advantages of DBMS
Improved data sharing.
Improved data security
Better data integration
Minimized data inconsistency
Improved data access

Typical Components of DBMS

Environment

Types of DBMS
1.

Hierarchical DBMS - It is one of the oldest methods of

organizing and storing data, and it is still used by some
organizations for making travel reservations.

Types of DBMS
2.

Network DBMS - Instead of looking like an upside-down

tree, a network database looks more like a cobweb or
interconnected network of records. In network databases,
children are called members and parents are called
owners.

Types of DBMS
Relational DBMS - In relational databases, tables or files
filled with data are called relations, tuples designates a
row or record, and columns are referred to as attributes
or fields.
3. Object-Oriented DBMS - uses small, reusable chunks
of software called objects. Each object consists of two
elements: 1) a piece of data (e.g., sound, video, text, or
graphics), and 2) the instructions, or software programs
called methods, for what to do with the data.
2.

Typical Components of DBMS

Environment
Application Programmers
Designs the application according to the needs of the other

users of the database in a certain environment.

Database Administrator
Database maintenance.
Database Backup.
Grant of rights to database users.

Database Designer
Designs (for large organizations) the database and install the

DBMS for use by the users of the database in any specific

organization.

Typical Components of DBMS

Environment
End Users - This group of users contains the

people who use the database application

programs developed by the Application
programmers.
Nave User
These groups has no interaction with other parts of the
database and only use the programs meant for them. They
have not to worry about the further working of the database.
Sophisticated User
This type of users has more rights to access data, but these
users have to take more responsibility and they need to be
aware of the database structure.

Types of Database
According to Number of User:
Single- User database supports only one user at a time. A
single user database that runs on a personal computer is
called Desktop database.
Multi-User Database supports multiple users at the same
time. When the multiuser database supports a relatively small
number of users (usually fewer than 50) or a specific
department within an organization, it is called a
workgroup database. When the database is used by the
entire organization and supports many users (more than 50,
usually hundreds) across many departments, the database is
known as an enterprise database.

Types of Database
According to Location:
Centralized database is a database that supports data
located at a single site.
Distributed database is a database that supports data
distributed across several different sites.

Database Architecture
The architecture of a database system is greatly influenced by

the underlying computer system on which the database is

running:
Centralized
Client-server

A. Two-tier Architecture
The two-tier architecture is

like
client
server
application. The direct
communication takes place
between client and server.
There is no intermediate
between client and server.

A. Two-tier Architecture
Advantages:

Understanding and
maintenances is easier.
Disadvantages:
Performance will be
reduced when there are
more users.

B. Three-tier Architecture
Client layer: It is also called

as Presentation layer which

contains UI part of our
application.
Business layer: It is the
intermediate layer which has the
functions for client layer and it
is used to make communication
faster between client and data
layer. It provides the business
processes logic and the data
access.
Data layer: it has the database.

B. Three-tier Architecture
Advantages
Easy to modify without
affecting other modules
Fast communication
Performance will be good in
three tier architecture.
Improved Security Client is
not direct access to database.
Disadvantages
Increase Complexity/Effort

Types of Database Languages

Data Definition Language (DDL)
Data definition language is set of commands that define the
database objects. These database objects include tables, views,
sequences, catalogs, indexes, and aliases. Examples of DDL
commands are create, alter and drop.
Data Manipulation Language (DML)
Data Manipulation Language (DML) is to retrieve, insert and
modify data in a database. These commands will be used by all
database users during the routine operation of the database.
Examples of DML commands are select, insert, update and
delete.

End of Lecture