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HELE Grade 5 2nd Quarter

VEGETABLES
Are edible plants their fruits, roots, and tubers, bulbs, stems, shoots, leaves and flowers may be
consumed raw or cooked.
Commonly classified as green and yellow vegetables
Vegetables are important agricultural products because they provide various nutrients such as
vitamins, minerals, fiber, and water.
Eating vegetables and fruits fresh from the garden is both healthy and satisfying.
Vegetables can be grown very successfully even in a small area or container.
A variety of vegetables should be rotatingly planted according to the season.
Examples:
Fruits

Leaves

Vegetable
like fruits

The leaves
of these
vegetables
can be
eaten as is

Ampalaya
Cucumber
Eggplants
Squash
Tomato

Pechay
Lettuce
Kangkong
cabbage

Seeds

Roots and
tubers
The seeds of These grow
vegetables
underground;
can be
their crops
eaten as is
usually have
a long or
roundshaped top
root
Bataw
Carrot
Sitaw
Radish
Patani
Potato
monggo
turnip

flowers

Bulbs

Stems

The flower
buds of
these
vegetables
can be
eaten as is

Grow
underground
and produce
a leafy shoot
above the
ground

The stalks of
these
vegetables
can be
eaten as is

Katuray
Cauliflower
Broccoli
artichoke

Onion
Spring onion
Garlic
leek

Asparagus
celery

Importance of eating vegetables:

1. Eating vegetables prevents the risk of have a diabetes and cancer.
2. Green leafy and yellow vegetables are the most easily available and inexpensive sources of betacarotene.
3. Nutritional value of vegetables varies depending on its characteristics, like the color and part of
plant.
4. Vegetable gardening provides additional income when there is more harvest than the family can
consume.
5. Planting calendar is a guide for farmers on which crops to plant and when to plant them.

WAYS TO PLANT VEGETABLES:

1. Direct Seeding Method seeds are directly sowed on the garden plot or spot. (ampalaya, corn,
cucumber, okra, upo)
2. Stem Cutting cutting a mature stem from a healthy parent stock plant, and planting this directly
unto the ground or garden plot. (cassava, kangkong, malunggay, camote)
3. Transplanting seeds are fires sowed in the seed box or seedbed, the transplanted to a garden plot
or in an open field when the seedling are about 5-8 cm tall. (cabbage, eggplant, mustard, pechay)
4. Intercropping planting technique where two or more vegetables are planted together, or
vegetables are planted in between other vegetables.
NURSERY is a place in the garden where vegetables, ornamental plants, and fruit bearing trees are
propagated.
CULTIVATING VEGETABLES
Care system for planting vegetables:
1. Watering
2. Cultivating
3. Applying organic fertilizer
4. Fencing or weeding
Control of Plant Pests
- Removal of plant enemies insects, fungi, and germs that cause diseases.
- Organic fertilizer made from compost is a good medium for sprouting seeds and serves as source of
nutrients for the growing seeds.
- Organic pesticides are natural chemicals produced by plants that are used to remove or ward off
insects.
HARVESTING AND MARKETING VEGETABLES
- Harvesting is the process of collecting vegetables when they are ready for consumption. Various
crops are harvested at different times.
Marketing/ Business Plan
1. Packaging of harvested vegetables
2. Pricing the harvested vegetables
3. Arrangement of packed vegetables
4. Selling the harvested vegetables
a. Retailing
b. Middleman or trackers
c. Selling through contacts

d. Selling or retailing the farm

5. Making a simple computation
ANIMAL OR FISH RAISING
CHOOSING:
Poultry raising refers to the production of fowls such as chickens, ducks, turkeys, and quails
while livestock raising refers to the production of animals such as pigs, goats, carabaos, and
cows.
The raising of fish or animals is useful either for home consumption or for livelihood of many
people.
Capital is not the only factor to consider before starting a livestock or poultry or fish raising
because it is not as assurance for a successful business operation.
BENEFITS derived from raising animals:
Source of food
Help man enrich his farm
Serve as the farmers workers and helpers
Promotes family values and traditions
Promotes health
RAISING POULTRY ANIMALS:
Raising chicken has grown popular not only in rural areas but in cities and suburbs as well.
Quail is a game-hunting bird that provides benefits for the family, its meat and eggs provide
healthy low-fat nutrients
Raising duck is easy as it requires simple shelter and minimal case. It is also more resistant to
diseases.
FISH FARMING:
Fish farming is considered as an old practice that is fun, productive, and at the same time
rewarding.
Tilapia ranks as the second most cultured fish in the world.
Carp is one of the commonly farmed fish and one of the most cultured ornamental fish out of
the many ornamental fish species
Catfish is black and slippery with moustache that aids it in swimming. They are usually found in
fresh bodies of water.
MARKETING ANIMAL OR FISH PRODUCTS
Make your business plan
Think of a variety products and other potential markets
Approach owners of restaurants directly
Use the Internet
Make a survey
Selling may be done through the following:

Direct selling to a packer/buyer on a live or grade and yield basis

Selling retails cuts directly to the consumer
Selling live animals or fish to the consumer
Example of selling:
Animal and fish may be bought/sold whole, live, dressed, or as choice cuts.
Place
Wet market

Animal Product
Chicken breast

Quantity
I kilo

Estimated Price
Php 140.00 per kilo