IMPACT OF JET ON VANES

Session IV

Problems - 11

A symmetrical curved vane is moving with a velocity of U and a jet of

velocity V strikes at the centre along the direction of motion.
Derive expressions for
a. Force exerted along the direction of motion.
b. Work done/s.
c. Efficiency of the system.
d. Maximum efficiency.

Solution
Fx = a (V - U)2 (1 + cos)
Work done/s = a (V - U)2 (1 + cos) U

Work done / s
K.E. sup plied / s

Efficiency =

a V U 1 cos U
1
V2
m
2
2

a V U 1 cos U
1
x aV . V 2
2
2

2V U 1 cos U
=
V3
2

2 V 2 U 2U 2 V U 3 1 cos U
V3

For maximum efficiency

d
=0
dU

2 V 2 4 UV 3U 2 1 cos
d
=0=
V3
dU

V2 4UV + 3U2 = 0
(V 3U) (V U) = 0

V 3U = 0

or

VU=0

(V U) 0
V = 3U or U =

V
3

For maximum efficiency velocity of vane should be

1
x velocity of jet
3

2V U 1 cos U
V3
2

max =

Substituting U =
max =

V
3

16

cos2
27
2

if the vane is hemispherical = 0

max =

16
27

max = 59.25%

Problems - 12

A jet of water from a nozzle is deflected through 60o from its direction by a
curved plate to which water enters tangentially without shock with a velocity of 30m/s
and leaver with a velocity of 25 m/s as shown in figure. If the discharge from the
nozzle is 0.8 kg/s, calculate the magnitude and direction of resultant force on the
vane.

Solution
25 m/s

60o
25 m/s

 = 0.8 kg/s
m

(Ux - Vx)
Fx = m

Fx = 0.8 (30 25 cos60)

Fx = 14 N ()
(Uy Vy)
Fy = m

Fy = 0.8 (0 25 sin60)
Fy = 17.32 N ()

Fx = 14 N

R
Fy = 17.32 N

R=

Fx 2 Fy 2

R = 22.27 N
Fy
= tan-1
Fx

= 51.05

Problems - 13

A jet of water 50 mm in diameter impinges on a fixed cup which deflects the

jet by 165o as shown in figure. If the reaction of the cup was found to be 26.5 N when
the discharge was 980 N/minute compute the ratio of.
a) Actual force to theoretical force of jet.
b) Velocity of outlet to velocity at inlet.

Solution

30 m/s

165o

V = 9.45 m/s

d = 50 x 10-3m
a=

(50 x 10-3)2
4

a = 1.963 x 10-3m2
= 15o

m
g
W
980
x 9.81
m
60
= 1.665 kg/s
m
(Ux Vx)
Fx = m

Fx = 1.665 (9.45 + 9.45 cos 15)

Fx = 30.93 N

Fact 26.5
=
Fth 30.93
Fact
= 0.857
Fth
Let, V1 be the actual velocity at out

( Ux Vx)
Fx act = m

26.5 = 1.665 (9.45 + V1 cos15)

V1 = 6.964 m/s

Velocity at outlet 6.694

Velocity at inlet
6.45
Velocity at outlet
0.708
Velocity at inlet

Problem 14

In a laboratory setup, a symmetrical curved vane which deflects the centerline

of jet by 30o support a total mass of 180 grams. Determine the discharge that must be
supplied for balancing the vane. The jet diameter is 5 mm and vane co-efficient is
0.75.

Note: Co-efficient of impact = Ci =

Factual
Ftheoretical

30o 30o

d = 5 x 10-3m2
d=

2
x 5x10 3
4

a = 1.963 x 10-5m2
W = mg
W = 0.180 x 9.81
W = 1.7658 N

Ci =

Fact
Fth

0.75 =

1.7658
Ftheoretical

Theoretical =

1.7658
0.75

= 2.3544 N
F = aV2 (1 + cos)
2.354 = 1000 x 1.963 x 10-3 x V2 (1 + cos30)
V2 = 0.6426
V = 0.8016 m/s
Q = aV
Q = 1.963 x 10-5 x 0.8016
Q = 1.5735 x 10-5 m3/s
Case-VIII
To derive expressions for the force exerted, work done and efficiency of
impact of jet on a series of flat vanes mounted radially on the periphery of a circular
wheel.
OR
To show that efficiency of impact of jet on radially mounted flat vanes is 50%
when the jet strikes normally on the vane.

Let us consider flat vanes mounted radially on the periphery of a circular

wheel. V is the velocity of jet and U is the velocity of vane. The inpact of jet on
vanes will be continuous since vanes occupy one after another continuously.

(Ux Vx)
Fx = m
Fx = aV [(V U) 0]
Fx = aV (V U)
Work done/s or Power = Fx U
Power = aV (V U) U

Efficiency =

=
=

O/P
I/P

aVV U U
1
aV V 2
2

2V U U
V2

Conduction for maximum efficiency:

=

2
VU U 2
2
V

For maximum efficiency

d
0
dU
2
d
0 = 2 V 2 U
dU
V

V
2

Efficiency is maximum when the vane velocity is 50% of velocity of jet.

VV

2 V
22
max =
V2

1
2

= 50%

Case-IX
To derive expression for the force exerted, power and efficiency of impact of
jet on a series of symmetrical curved vanes mounted on the periphery of a wheel.

Fx = (aV) (Ux Vx)

Fx = (aV) [(V U) + (V U) cos]
Fx = aV [(V U) (1 + cos)
Power = work done/s
Power = Fx x U
Power = aV(V U) (1 + cos) U

Input =

1
V2
m
2

Input =

1
a V 3
2

O/P
I/P

aVV U 1 cos U
1
aV 3
2
2V U 1 cos U
1
aV 3
2

Condition for maximum efficiency

2VU U 2 1 cos U
=
V2
For maximum efficiency

d
2
0 2 V 2 U 1 cos
dU
V
V 2U = 0
U=

V
2

Vane velocity =

1
x velocity of jet
2

V
V

2 V 1 cos
2
2

max =
2
V
max =

1 cos
2

If the vanes are hemispherical = 0

max =

H cos
2

max = 1

or

100%

10