1

g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z

-;+zf]lwt / kl/jlw{t ;+:s/0f_
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg

2
k|sfzs
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg sdnfbL, sf7df8f}+ .
k|yd ;+:s/0f M !),))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)$), k'gd'{b|0f M k'gd'{b|0f M k'gd'{b|0f M
%,))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)%) %,))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)%@ %,))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)%%
k'gd'{lb|t ;+zf]lwt / kl/jlw{t kfFrf}F ;+:s/0f %))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)%* k'gd'{lb|t
;+zf]lwt / kl/jlw{t 5}6f}F ;+:s/0f %))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)^) k'gd'{lb|t ;+zf]lwt / k
l/jlw{t ;ftf}F ;+:s/0f %))) k|lt lj) ;+) @)^&
d"NoM
= *&%.
;jf{lwsf/ g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgdf ;'/lIft .
ISBN No.: 978-99933-71-10-6
d'b|s
k|1f 5fkfvfgf sdnfbL, sf7df8f}F . kmf]g g+= $@@!@$@$@@!@*#

3
g]kfnL zAbsf]z ;ldlt
-;ftf}F ;+:s/0f_
cWoIf a}/fuL sfOFnf s'nklt
pkfWoIf ufk|;fb pk|]tL pks'nklt
;b:o 8f= a]Gh' zdf{
k|f= 8f= dxfb]j cj:yL
efpkGyL ;'nf]rgf dfgGw/ lwtfn
f /fde/f]; sfkl8 e|d/ 8f= ;+hLtf jdf{
lji0f' k|eft
;b:o;lrj ;gt /]UdL

a"Fb /fg

4
g]kfnL zAbsf]z ;ldlt
-k|yd ;+:s/0f_
cWoIf dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] pks'nklt, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg ;b:o k|f) afns[i0f kf]
v/]n
8f) jf;'b]j lqkf7L
8f) jNnedl0f bfxfn wgjh| jh|frfo{
sfzLgfy tdf]6
;b:o;lrj ljhoaxfb'/ dNn, ;lrj, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg

;xof]uL k|:t't zAbsf]zdf s]xL yk kfl/eflifs zAbsf] ;'emfj lbg'eO{ ;xof]u ug'{x'g
] ljfg\x
sdn bLlIft s]bf/ Gof}kfg]
3gZofd sF8]n r"8fgfy e/fo
8f) 5ljnfn uh'/]n
hgsnfn zdf
q}nf]Sodfg k|wfgf
k"0f{k|sfz ofqL g]kfn
km0fLGb| sfn] leS6/ k|wfg
/fhj
/fh
bL /fdk|;fb zdf{
/]jtL/d0f vgfn
z/0fxl/ >]i7 z}n]Gb|s'df/ kf]v/]n
>Lxl/ kfv]tL
]dgfy l3ld/] x]df\u/fh clwsf/L .

5
g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z
;Dkfbsd08n
lgb]{zs k|f) afns[i0f kf]v/]n ;b:o -efiff_, g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg ljz]if ;Dkf
bs 8f) jf;'b]j lqkf7L k|fWofks Pj+ cWoIf, lq) lj) g]kfnL lzIf0f ;ldlt 8f) jNnedl
0f bfxfn k|fWofks, lq) lj) g]kfnL lzIf0f ;ldlt ;Dkfbs s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nL pkk|fWo
fks, lq) lj) g]kfnL lzIf0f ;ldlt ;x;Dkfbs uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ ;xk|fWofks, lq) lj) g]
kfnL lzIf0f ;ldlt ;xfos ;Dkfbs xif{gfy e/fO{

6
g]kfnL zAbsf]z ;ldlt
;ftf}F ;+:s/0f tof/L ;ldlt
;+of]hs
k|f= 8f= r"8fdl0f aGw'
;b:o
k|f= 8f= x]df\u/fh clwsf/L k|f= 8f= dxfb]j cj:yL k|f= uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ 8f= hLj]Gb|
b]j lu/L
;xof]uLx
k|f= 8f= ab|Lljzfn e/fO{ k|f= 8f= of]u]Gb|k|;fb ofbj k|f= /fh]Gb| ;'j]bL 8f= vu]G
b| n'OF6]n k|f= 8f= b]jLk|;fb uf}td dfwj 9'\u]n

7
s'nkltsf] dGtJo
g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg g]kfnsf] ;f+:s[lts, eflifs / wfld{s ljljwtfnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL ;d
u| jf\dosf] ;+/If0f / ;+jw{g ugf{sf lglDt ;\ul7t ;+:yf xf] . g]kfnsf bz{g, ;+:s[lt
, efiff, ;flxTo, ;\uLt, snf, gf6\o, ;fdflhs zf:q cflbsf] cWoogcg';Gwfg u/fO{ ltgsf
] k|fl1s k/Dk/fnfO{ ;an agfpg @)!$ ;fn c;f/ ( ut] g]kfn Ps]8]dL -kl5 /fon g]kfn
Ps]8]dL / g]kfn /fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg_sf] :yfkgf ePsf] lyof] . @)^@)^# ;fnsf] hgcf
Gbf]ngsf] ;kmntfaf6 g]kfndf ;\3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGqsf] :yfkgf eof] / g]kfn k|1fk|l
ti7fg g]kfnsf ;a} hfltsf efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, bz{gzf:q / ;dflhs zf:qh:tf jf\do
;Fu ;DalGwt k|1fsf] s]Gb| aGof] . g]kfnL jf\dosf oL k|To]s ljifo / logsf ljleGg l
jwfdf cWoogcg';Gwfg u/fO{ k|sfzgdf Nofpg', k'/fgf 1fgsf] ;+zf]wg / lj:tf/sf ;fy}
gofF 1fgsf] :yfkgf ug'{ / g]kfnsf nf]kf]Gd'v hfltsf efiff, lnlk, ;+:s[lt, >'ltk/
Dk/f, hLjgk4lt / ;flxTosf] vf]hL u/L ltgnfO{ hf]ufpg' klg o; k|lti7fgsf] k|d'v b
floTj xf] . PSsfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] ljZj:t/Lo b'|tj]uL 1fgk|jfxaf6 g]kfnL k|fl1s hut
\nfO{ / g]kfnsf gjLg k|fl1s pknlAwaf6 ljZj;d'bfonfO{ nfeflGjt t'Nofpg]tkm{ klg o
f] k|lti7fg ;hu 5 . jf:tjdf g]kfnsf ;Dk"0f{ If]qsf] k|fl1s pGgog / ;[hgfTds ;d[l
4sf lglDt cu|0fL e"ldsf v]Nb} /fhwfgL aflx/ klg cg's"n jftfj/0fsf] l;h{gf ul/lbg
' o; k|1fk|lti7fgsf] bfloTj / sd{If]q klg xf] . g]kfnleq tyf g]kfnaflx/sf] l;f] g]
kfnL k|fl1s hut\sf ;a} ljfg\ljb'ifL, ;|i6fb|i6f tyf k|1fsdL{xsf ;b\efj, ;xof]usf ;fy
} uf]i7L / ljrf/dGygdf ;xsfo{ u/L k|fl1s j}rfl/s cfbfg k|bfgf/f g} g]kfnL k|1fhut\ l
jZjsf] 1fgnx/L;Fu xf]:6]df x}F;] ub}{ g]kfnsf 1fgk/Dk/fsf] ;d'Ggog ug{ / /fli6o uf
}/jsf] >Lj[l4sf] sfo{df ;dof]lrt of]ubfg ug{ g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg ;kmn x'g]5 eGg] b
[9 ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .
@)^& kf}if a}/fuL sfOFnf s'nklt

9
/fi6gfos >L % dxf/fhflw/fh jL/]Gb|jL/ljqmd zfxb]j ;/sf/sf] j/b ;+/IfsTjdf g]kfn /
fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgn] g]kfnL efiff, ;flxTo, snf, ;+:s[lt tyf 1fglj1fgsf] If]qdf pQ/
f]Q/ ljsf; ub}{ hfg] :j0f{ cj;/ k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . df};'km ;/sf/af6 aS; ePsf] dxfg
\ k|]/0ff tyf lgufxsf] kmn:jk k|1fk|lti7fgaf6 of] g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z k|sflzt x'F
b} 5 . g]kfnL efiff g]kfnsf] /fi6efiff xf] . o; efiffdf ePsf] hLjGttfn] ubf{ o;n]
lbgk/lbg ljz]if k|ult ub}{ cfPsf] s'/f ;j{ljlbt 5 . g]kfnL efiffdf k|rlnt zAbx ;\u
|x u/L cfjZos kl/efiff tyf pbfx/0f;d]t lbP/ Jojxf/f]kof]uL zAbsf]z k|sflzt ug]{
of]hgfcGtu{t g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z tof/ kf/]/ k|1fk|lti7fgn] Pp6f k/Dk/fut dxjk"0f{
sfo{ ;DkGg u/]sf] 5 . d'n'ssf] ;jf{\uL0f ljsf;qmddf /fi6efiffsf] Jofks k|rf/, ljs
f; tyf lj:tf/df o; zAbsf]zn] 7"nf] of]ubfg lbg]5 eGg] dnfO{ ljZjf; 5 . /fi6sf] uf
}/j a9fpg] o:tf dxjk"0f{ sfo{df ljfg\xaf6 kfPsf] ;xof]u / ;b\efjgfsf nflu k|1fk|lti7
fg pxfFxk|lt xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5 . ldlt M @)$) kf}if !$ ut] k|yd ;+:s/0f n}gl;
+x af\ub]n s'nklt g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg

10

11
;ftf}F ;+:s/0f
k|sfzsLo
g]kfnL efiffsf] clxn];Dd k|sflzt ;a}eGbf cflwsfl/s zAbsf]zdf g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf
] g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z /lxcfPsf] 5 . tt\sfnLg g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgaf6 tof/ k
f/L of] sf]z ;j{k|yd lj=;+= @)$) df k|sflzt ul/Psf] xf] . To;kl5 qmdzM lj=;+= @)
%), @)%@ / @)%% df o;sf ljleGg ;+:s/0fx k'gd'{b|0f eO{ k|sfzdf cfPsf lyP . lj=;+=
@)%* df tt\sfnLg k|f1kl/ifb\sf] g]t[Tjn] o;nfO{ s]xL ;+zf]wg / kl/jw{g ;d]t u/L
o;sf kfFrf}F / 5}6f}F ;+:s/0fnfO{ qmdzM @)%* / @)^) df k'gd'{b|0f u/]sf] xf] . @
)^) b]lv nfdf] cjlw;Dd ljleGg k|fljlws sf/0fn] o; zAbsf]zsf] csf]{ ;+:s/0f k|sfz
df cfpg ;s]g . ljz]if u/L lj=;+= @)^@ sf] bf];|f] hgcfGbf]ngn] d'n'snfO{ gofF ;+
/rgfdf kfGt/0f u/]kl5 d'n'ssf ;a} c\usf] gofF ;+/rgf aGg] agfpg] qmddf tt\sfnLg g]
kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgnfO{ klg gofF ;+/rgfdf kfGt/0f ug{ lgs} ;do nfUof] / g]kfn
k|1fk|lti7fg P]g @)^$ n] k|lti7fgnfO{ gofF :jkdf kfGt/0f u/]kl5 klg o;sf g]t[TjbfoL
c\u k|f1;ef / k|f1kl/ifb\ u7gdf nfdf] ;do;Dd kv{g' k/]sfn] lg0ff{os g]t[TjbfoL c\us
f] cg'kl:yltdf k|1fk|lti7fgsf cGo sfd yftLdf /x] h:t} g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zsf] csf
]{ ;++:s/0f k|sfzgdf cfpg ;s]g . o;/L nfdf] ;do;Dd o; sf]zsf] k'gd'{b|0f x'g g;s
]sfn] ahf/df o;sf] cTolws dfu /x]sf] s'/fnfO{ Wofgdf /fvL g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf] g
jul7t k|f1 kl/ifb\n] o;sf] gofF ;+:s/0f t'?Gt k|sfzg ug]{ lg0f{o u/] adf]lhd sf]z
sf] ;ftf}F ;+:s/0f xfn k|sfzdf cfPsf] 5 . k|:t't ;+:s/0fnfO{ k"j{ k|sflzt o; sf]
zsf] 5}6f}F ;+:s/0fs} k'gd'{b|0f eg]df klg km/s kb}{g . d'n'ssf] abln+bf] kl/l:y
lt cg'k gofF k|of]udf cfPsf s]xL zAb / k'/fgf] ;+:s/0fdf lbOPsf s]xL zAbsf c;fGbl
e{s cy{nfO{ ;fGble{s kdf cy{n]vg ug'{ l;jfo o; ;+:s/0fdf tfljs km]/abn ePsf] 5}g .
k|1fk|lti7fgsf] cflwsfl/s g]t[Tj u7g x'g'cl3 g} tt\sfnLg k|1fk|lti7fgsf] k|zf;gaf
6 o; sf]znfO{ ;dofg's"n kfg{ efifflj1xsf] ;d"x u7g ul/Psf] / o;/L ul7t ;ldltn] o;
sf]zsf] ;ftf}F ;+:s/0f k|sfzgsf nflu tof/ kf/]sf ;'emfpxnfO{ cfwf/ agfO{ jt{dfg
k|f1kl/ifbn] of] ;+:s/0f k|sfzg ug]{ lg0f{o lnPsf] xf] . o; sf]znfO{ gofF kl/l:yl
t cg'k w]/} s'/fdf cBfjlws ug{ cfjZos /x]sf] dx;'; ubf{ub}{ klg o;/L cBfjlws ug{
lgs} ;do nfUg] ePsfn] ahf/sf] dfu k"/f ug{ o;nfO{ oyfl:yltdf g} k|sfzgdf Nofpg k
l/ifb\ tof/ ePsf] xf] . k|:t't sf]zsf] o; ;+:s/0fnfO{ tof/ kfg{ efiffljb\ k|f= 8
f= r"8fdl0f aGw'sf] ;+of]hsTjdf k|f= 8f= x]df/fh clwsf/L, k|f= 8f= dxfb]j cj:yL,
k|f= uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ / 8f= hLj]Gb|b]j lu/Ln] ;b:osf] kdf /xL ljz]if k|oTg ug'{ePs
f] xf] . gofF k|f1kl/ifb\ u7g ePkl5 g]kfnL efiff, Jofs/0f / zAbsf]z x]g{ clVtof/
L kfPsf pks'nklt ufk|;fb pk|]tLsf] ;+of]hgdf dflysf lj1sf cltl/St k|f= /fh]Gb| ;'
j]bL, k|f= 8f= b]jLk|;fb uf}td, k|f= 8f= ab|Lljzfn e/fO{, 8f= vu]Gb| n'OF6]n;d]tn
] pNn]vgLo ;xof]u k'ofpg' ePsf] 5 . j:t'tM k|:t't sf]zsf] o; ;+:s/0fdf ePsf /fd|f
kIf / sdLsdhf]/Lsf] h; ckmh; o;df sfd ug]{ dfly pNn]v ul/Psf lj1xdf g} hfg] s'/f
oxfF pNn]v ug{ cfjZos 7fGb5' . o; ;+:s/0fnfO{ o;/L k|sfzg ug{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] dfl
y pNn]lvt ljfg\xnfO{ g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg ljz]if wGojfb 1fkg ub{5 . o;sf cltl/St k|1fk
|lti7fgsf k|d'v k|zf;s >L xl/x/ zdf{ nufot o; sfddf ;+nUg cGo k|zf;lgs clwsf/Lx /
oxL sf]zsf nflu g} sfd ug{ vl6Psf -of]hgf_ sd{rf/L >L dfwj 9'\u]nsf] kl/>dsf] kl
g ;/fxgf ug'{ cfjZos 5 . jf:tjdf k|f1kl/ifb\sf] cg'kl:yltdf klg k|:t't sf]zsf] of
] ;+:s/0f k|sfzdf Nofpgsf lglDt k|lti7fgsf] tt\sfnLg k|zf;gsf] hfu?stfn] of] sf]
z o;/L k|sfzgdf cfpg ;s]sf] xf] . o;sf nflu o;df ;+nUg ;j} k|zf;lgs Pj+ k|fljlws
sd{rf/Lx wGojfbsf kfq 5g\ .

12
g]kfnL efiffsf] n]Vo k/Dk/f ;'? ePsf] klg Ps xhf/ jif{eGbf a];L eO;s]sf] 5 . ;'?
df cfo{d"nsf v; afx'g 5]qL cflbaf6 dft[efiffsf] kdf af]lng] of] efiff xfn g]kfnsf
ljleGg efiffefifL ;d'bfosf] ;Dks{ efiff ePsf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/sf] ;/sf/L sfdsfhs
f] efiff klg oxL efiff ePsfn] g]kfnsf ;a} hflt hghfltsf nflu klg of] efiff cfgf]
cleJolStsf] cleGg c\u ePsf] 5 . g]kfnsf] a9\bf] aflx/L ;Dks{ / 1fglj1fgsf If]qdf
g]kfnLxsf] k|ultpGd'v kx'Frn] o; efiffsf] k|of]u If]q c a9\b} 5 . ef/tdf g]kfnL ef
iffn] ef/tLo g]kfnL efiffsf] kdf ;+j}wflgs dfGotf k|fKt u/]sf] 5 . ef/t h:t} ljZj
sf ljleGg efudf cfk|jf;gsf qmddf k'u]sf g]kfnLxsf] hftLo klxrfgsf] kdf /x]sf] o; e
fiffsf] lj:tf/ ljZjJofkL kdf a9\b} 5 . To:t} ljZjsf ljleGg ljZjljBfnon] klg g]kfn
L efiff, ;flxTo / ;+:s[ltnfO{ k7gkf7g u/fpg] k|lqmof lbgk|ltlbg a9\bf] 5 . g]kfn
L efiffsf] o; ljsf;zLn :jknfO{ ;d]6\g @)$) ;fndf k|sflzt g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zsf]
kl/dfh{g / lj:tf/ ub}{ cBfjlws ug{ cfjZos 5 . ljleGg ef}uf]lns, hflt, hghflt If]
qdf k|of]u eO/x]sf gofF gofF zAbxnfO{ ;dfj]z u/L o; sf]znfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ ljz]if
of]hgf k|f1kl/ifb\n] o;} cfly{s jif{b]lv sfof{Gjog ub}{ 5 . o; sfdsf nflu ;j{k|yd
sf]z cBfjlws ug{ cfjZos s]xL dfgs l;4fGtsf] lgwf{/0f ug{ / g]kfnL efiffsf] df}l
nstfnfO{ ;+/If0f ub}{ g]kfnL efiffsf] j0f{ljGof;, n]vg k4ltnfO{ ;dofg's"n agfpg
lj1xsf] ljz]if 5nkmn x'g' cfjZos 5 . oxL cfjZostfnfO{ dx;'; u/L g]kfnL efiff k|of
]udf Nofpg] ;a} ;d"xsf k|of]Stf / b]z ljb]zdf /x]/ g]kfnefiffsf] ;d[l4df nfluk/]
sf lj1xsf] hd36 u/fO{ g]kfnL j0f{ljGof; / sf]zlgdf{0fsf dfgs lgwf{/0f ug{ oxL cfly
{s jif{df a[xt\ eflifs ;+uf]i7Lsf] cfof]hgf k|f1kl/ifb\n] ug]{5 . o; ;+uf]i7Ln] l
gwf{/0f u/]sf dfgsxsf] hudf 6]s]/ g} o; sf]znfO{ o;} jif{blv cBfjlws ug]{ sfo{ ;'
? u/L cfufdL cfly{s jif{df k|sfzg ul/g]5 . a[xt\ 5nkmnkl5 tof/ kl/Psf dfgsxsf] cf
wf/df tof/ kfl/g] g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]zsf] gofF ;+:s/0fn] g]kfnL efiffsf] dfgs k l
rGg lrgfpg dxjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng]5 eGg] k|f1kl/ifb\sf] ck]Iff /x]sf] 5 . o; sfo{nfO
{ ;kmn kfg{ g]kfnL efiffsf] If]qdf sfo{/t lj1xaf6 cjZo g} k"jf{u|x/lxt ;xof]u k|l
ti7fgn] k|fKt ug]{ xfd|f] cfzf 5 . w]/} lbgb]lv cefjdf /x]sf] g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf
]znfO{ s]xL ;+zf]wg ;lxt k|sfzg ubf{ lgZro klg s]xL sdL sdhf]/L /x]sf xf]nfg\ .
o:tf ;du| sdLsdhf]/L x6fpg lj1 kf7saf6 k|fKt x'g] ;'emfjnfO{ o; sf]zsf] cBfjlws
x'g] gofF ;+:s/0fdf ;d]l6g] k|lta4tf hfx]/ ub}{ of] ;+:s/0f tof/ kfg{ ;xof]u ug]
{ ;Dk"0f{ dxfg'efj Pj+ ljz]if u/L o; zAbsf]zsf] sDKo'6/;DaGwL ;f/f sfo{ ;DkGg ug
{ /fhs'df/ >]i7 / d'b|0f;DaGwL ;f/f sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ k|sfzg k|d'v ;GWof kxf8L k|1f5
fkfvfgfsf ledk|;fb ;fksf]6f, ;'/]Gb|sfhL l;Gb'/fsf/, OGb|k|;fb ;'j]bL, /fds[i0f
dxh{g, z]if/fh b]jsf]6f, nf]s]Gb| ofvf, s0f{axfb'/ s'dfn, tyf e'naxfb'/ >]i7 cfl
bn] b]vfpg' ePsf] pT;fx, hfFu/ / st{Jolgi7fsf] ;/fxgf ub}{ wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . @
)^& kf}if ! ut] sdnfbL, sf7df8f}+ .
ufk|;fb pk|]tL pks'nklt

13
k|yd ;+:s/0f
k|sfzsLo
g]kfnL efiff hLjGt efiff xf] . of] efiff hftLo hLjgleq x's{+b} cfPsf] xf] / x's{
Fb} 5 . o;df cfkm}leqaf6 ljsl;t x'g] / efiffGt/sf zAbnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug]{ zlQm 5 .
oxL g} o;sf] hLjGttfsf] lrXg xf] . sf]zsf/sf] lglDt o;sf af]nLrfnLaf6, nf]s;flx
Toaf6, lnlvt jf\doaf6, efiffGt/af6 zAb;\sng ug]{ s}of}F kmfF6 kfOG5g\ . sf]zsf/n]
zAbnfO{ To;/L ;\sng u5{ h;/L r/fn] ar/fnfO{ v'jfpg] rf/f r'G5 . To;df tf]/Lsf u]8
f klg x'G5g\ / afn'jfsf s0f klg x'G5g\ t/ ToxfF ljif jlh{t x'G5 . xfdLn] kfPhlt z
Ab ;f]xf]/]/ ;fWo 5}g, kRg]hlt dfq r'g]/ efiffsf] kf]if0f ug'{k5{ . jQmf / >f]tf
sf j:t' / efjsf laDax kl/l:ylt / dgMl:yltcg';f/ k|ltkn clnslt eP klg leGg} x'G5g\
. ltgsf] lglDt dg'ion] slt g} zAbsf] lj:tf/ ug{ ;S5 / < gofF zAbsf] k|flKt gf}
c\skl5 z"Gosf] k|flKth:t} x'gk5{ clg cfjZostf x]/L To:t} c zAbsf] ;fy k|:tf/ ug{ k
fOG5 . s'g} hfltsf] efiffdf Gofo zAbsf] gofF k|ljli6af6 Tof] hfltleq} eO/x]sf] d"s
efjgfn] jf0fL kfpF5, To;}sf] dfWodaf6 hLjgdf To; efjgfn] lj:tf/ kfpF5 . h'g efi
ffdf hlt g} a9L zAb kfOG5g\, Tof] efiff Tolt g} ;d[4 dflgG5 . t/ o;eGbf klg dxjk"
0f{ s'/f s] 5 eg] h'g efiffsf zAbdf hlt a9L cleJolQmIfdtf kfOG5, Tof] efiff Tolt
g} ;d[4 x'G5 . ;+:s[th:tf] ;d[4 efiffdf klg Pp6} of]u zAbnfO{ ci6f\uof]u, ul0ft, k
mlnt Hof]ltif / cfo'j]{bn] cfcfgf kl/efiff lbP/ k|of]u u/]sf] kfOG5 . g]kfnL efiff
n] zLtn zAbnfO{ gb'vfpg] cy{df klg k|of]u u/]sf] 5 / g} skfn kmfNbf of 3fp lgrf]bf
{ xfdL zLtn xftnfO{ dg k/fpF5f}F . cfdfnfO{ cfdf eGbfv]l/ hlt cfTdLotfsf] af]w x
'G5, dftf eGbfv]l/ Tolt x'Fb}g . t/ zAbsf]zdf of] cGt/ 5'fpg] s'g} pkfo 5}g . xfdL
nfO{ xfd|} :yfgLo af]nLsf] ;f]N6L slt /fd|f] nfU5, ;fdflhs ;DaGwsf] olt ;\lIfKt ;'G
b/ cleJolQm cGt sxfF kfOG5 / lx;L zAbsf] ;f}Gbo{ / ;'s'df/Lkgn] efiffs} cg'xf/ lx;
L k/]sf] b]V5f}F . k};f]df h'g gu0otf / If'b|tf cflb efjsf] Jo~hgf 5, s] ToxL g} ef
j k't{ufnLdf kfOPnf < xfdLn] gfaflnunfO{ gfafnv agfP/ s'g} cGofo ul//x]sf 5}gf}F .
xfdLsxfF h'g zAb 5}gg\, ltgnfO{ efiffGt/af6 glng] xf] eg] xfdL cGo hfltn] pknAw
u/]sf lzNk / 1fgaf6 jl~rt x'G5f}F / cfhsf] k|ljlw / lj1fgnfO{ ljZjaf6 bf]xg ug{
klg ;Qm}gf}F . t/ cGo efiffsf zAb lnFbf 5f]/f] a]r]/ sdf/f] lsGg] h:tf] ug]{ xf]
Og, 5f]/fsf] lglDt l;kfn' / ;'zLn a'xf/L laxf ul/lbg] h:tf] ug'{k5{ clg dfq p;sf
c;n u'0fx u'8 kfgLdf lanfPh:t} xfdLsxfF ljnLg x'G5g\ . xfdLn] kmf/;Laf6 afat zAb
lnof}F / afktL zAb agfof}F . To;}af6 cf/f]k nfUg'sf] cy{df aft nfUg' jfSof+z agfo
f}F . oxfFsf] aft zAb jftf{af6 cfPsf] cg'dfg ug]{ xf] eg] sgLs'yL nIofy{ dfGg'kg]{ x'
G5 . zAbsf]zsf] d'Vo sfd t clew]ofy{ lbg' g} xf] . ljZjs} klxnf] zAbsf]z dflgg]
lg306'df zAbsf] lgj{rg ubf{ lg?Stsf/ of:s zAbsf] clew]ofy{ g} lbG5g\ . olt x'Fbf
x'Fb} klg sf]zsf/n] s'g} zAbsf] clew]ofy{sf] ;fy} nIofy{ klg lbg'k5{ g} . j:t'sf
] gfdaf6 To;sf u'0f, wd{ / :jefjsf leGgfleGg} laDa aGg klg hfG5g\ . Pp6} kfgL zAba
f6 sflGtsf] t/ntf, xL/fsf] lgem{/t'No cfef, 3f]8fsf] t]h, k'?ifsf] kf}?ifj[lQ cf
lb a'lemG5g\ . k/Gt' zAbsf] o:tf] cy{ ToxLF dfq v'N5, hxfF To;n] ;df;, jfSof+z o
f jfSosf] k|of]u / k|;\u kfpF5 . d"nsf] kfgL, s'nsL 5f]/L h:tf jfSodf sGofsf] s'nsf
] / zLnsf] z'4tf kfgL zAbaf6} Jol~ht x'G5 . of] dfof aUg] kfgL xf] h:tf] jfSodf df
of lg/jlR5Gg nflu/xg', :jLsf/ geP To;} v]/ hfg' cflb cg]s cy{ Wjlgt x'G5g\ . o:t
f cy{ lbg yfNof] eg] zAbsf]z t 6Lsfsf]z aGg hfG5 oBlk Tof] Wjlgsf] cg'/0fg ToxL s
]Gb|Lo zAbaf6 g} lg:s]sf] x'G5 . t/ s'g} zAbsf] k|l;4 nIofy{nfO{ glbg] xf] eg] h
ghLjgdf ;d]t lelh;s]sf] efiffsf] ;f}Gbo{ / ;/;tf g} To;} lal;{P/ hfg ;S5 . sxLF
t sf]zsf/n] nIofy{nfO{ glnO{ ;'v} 5}g . htf dNs", Tot} 9Ns"df dNs"sf] d'Vofy{ gf\nf]
9NsfP/ s]nfOg]

14

ds}sf v;|f rfdn eGg] g} yfxf 5}g / dg k/]sL k|]ldsf eGg] nIofy{ rflxF k|rlnt 5 .
h;/L j[lQe]bn] Ps} zAbsf ljleGg cy{ nfU5g\, To;/L g} x[bosf] efj a'emfpg] ljleG
g zAbsf] sl/asl/a cleGg cy{ nfU5 . k|]dL / k|]ldsf dfof klg u5{g\, k|Llt klg u5{g
\ / k/:k/ dfofk|Llt klg u5{g\ . xfdLnfO{ dfof ;a}sf] nfU5, t/ dfof lk|odf dfq a:
5 . pxL dfof ubf{, nfUbf / a:tf slt ;"Id aGb} hfG5 dfof gu/] klg bof t u/ eg]/ dfo
f / bofnfO{ leGg} 7fG5f}F t/ ar/fsf] rNnf s'lNrP/ dg{ nfu]sf] b]Vbf xfdLnfO{ dfof
nfU5 . hLjGt efiff ;xh kn] :k'ml/t x'G5, To;df efjx lgem{/df aUg] OGb|]gLsf n'sf{
em}F slxn] 5'lP/, slxn] hf]lN6P/ lgl:s/xG5g\ . xfdLn] o;} efiffdf dfof nufof}F /
Ps} zAbnfO{ klg lnP/ lbgel/ efjgfdf k|jflxt eof}F . xfdLn] o;}df ;kgf b]Vof}F /
;';]nLdf o;}sf] efsf cnfKof}F . dg'iox cfgf cGt/tddf stfstf Wjlg / laDanfO{ cleGg kd
f cg'ej u5{g\, clg k eGg]sf] dgdf gfd aG5 / gfd ;'Gg]sf] dgdf k aG5 . xfdL zAb / cy
k/:k/ ;Dk[Qm lzj / kfj{tL dfGb5f}F, h;af6 dg'iosf] dfg;ljZjsf] lg/Gt/ cleJolQm
eO/xG5 . g]kfnL efiff n]Vo kdf b]vf kg{ yfn]sf] Ps xhf/ jif{ eof] . o;df ;aeGbf k
lxn] ;flxTo, To;kl5 Jofs/0f / To;kl5 dfq sf]zsf] lgdf{0f eof] . cfheGbf sl/a cfw
f ztfAbLcl3 6g{/sf] g]kfnL sf]z k|sflzt eof], h;sf] cy{ c\u|]hLdf 5 . To;kl5 g]kf
nLd} cy{ ePsf] g]kfnL sf]z rflxF g]kfnL efiffk|sflzgL ;ldltsf] zAbsf]z xf] . ;ld
ltsf] sf]z rlGb|sf Jofs/0f;Ddt jt{gLdf cfw[t 5 eg] 6g{/sf] sf]zrflxF sYo g]kfnLs
f] jt{gLsf] glhsdf 5 . xfd|f] ;flxTon] ;ldlts} jt{gL -lxHh]_sf] cg';/0f uof] . n]V
o efiffdf To;}sf] Jofks k|efj kof] . o;/L g]kfnL zAbsf] :jknfO{ To; j]nf Jofs/0f,
sf]z / ;flxTon] ;lDdlnt kdf l:y/ u/] . clw/fHoel/ / clw/fHoaflx/ hxfF n]v] klg zA
bnfO{ ToxL kdf n]lvg' / To;sf] ToxL cy{ a'lemg' efiffsf] lglDt Ps 7"nf] pknlAw xf
] . oBlk hLljt efiffnfO{ sf]z / Jofs/0fn] hsl8/fVg ;Qm}gg\ / ;docg';f/ To;sf zAb
/ cy{df kl/jt{g x'Fb} cfpg' hLjGttfsf] nIf0f xf] t/ Tof] kl/jt{g klg ;j{u|fXo x'
g ;s] dfq pknlAw 7xl/g hfG5 . jf:tjdf zAbsf] cy{ eGg' ;\s]t xf], jt{gL eGg' afgL
g} xf] . t/ Psb'O{ hgfn] ;\s]t ub}{df zAbdf zlQm :k'ml/t x'Fb}g / Psb'O{ hgfsf] a
fgL a:t}df To;nfO{ ;a}n] :jLsf/ ub}{gg\ . ;ldlts} sf]zsf] k/Dk/fdf afnrGb| zdf{s
f] g]kfnL zAbsf]z k|1fk|lti7fgaf6 aL; jif{cl3 k|sflzt ePsf] xf] . cfh 6g{/, ;ldlt
/ zdf{sf] uf}/jdo k/Dk/fdf b'O{ kfOnf cl3 ;fb}{ of] g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z cfPsf]
5 . @)## ;fndf tTsfnLg pks'nklt >L n}gl;+x af\ub]n -jt{dfg s'nklt_sf] cWoIftfdf z
Absf]z;ldltsf] u7g ePsf] lyof] / To;}sf] k/fdz{df @% k|ltzt sfo{ ;DkGg eO;s]sf] l
yof] . @)#^ ;fndf jt{dfg pks'nkltsf] cWoIftfdf s]xL kl/jt{g;fy sf]z;ldltsf] u7g
eof] / To;sf] k/fdz{cg';f/ ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{ cufl8 a9f] . xfdLn] ;Dkfbgsfo{df efiffl
j1, sf]zlgdf{0flzNksf lzNkL / ljljw ljifosf ljz]if1xsf] clwsflws ;\Vofdf ;xeflutf k
|fKt uof}+ . o;df a9L ;\Vof lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf k|fWofksxs} 5 / o;af6 zAb:jk / ltgsf
] cy{df k|1fk|lti7fg / lq)lj)lj)aLr ;dGjo /xg]5 eGg] xfdLn] cfzf /fv]sf 5f}F . o;
sf]zdf zAbsf] cy{sf] lglDt kof{ojfrL zAbsf] ;fy} oyf;Dej kfl/eflifs cy{ lbg] k|o
Tg ePsf] 5 . hxfF p:t}p:t} cy{ a'emfpg] zAbdf ;"Id e]b 5, hxfF Ps} zAbsf ljleGg l
jifocGtu{t cg]s cy{ 5g\, hxfF ;Eotfsf] ljsf;n] ubf{ k|frLg zAbsf] cy{ lj:d[t eO;
s]sf] 5, hxfF :y"n cy{ lbg] pxL zAbn] ;"Id cy{ lbPsf] 5, To:tf :yndf xfdLn] pbfx
/0f;lxt cy{ v'nfpg] pkfo u/]sf 5f}F . nf]s;flxTo / ;"lQmdf sltko zAb d'Vofy{df e
Gbf nIofy{df k|rlnt x'G5g\, To:tf zAbsf] lglDt nf]shLjgdf leh]sf pvfg6'Ssf / ljlz
i6 jfSof+z klg lbPsf 5f}F . k|ljlw / lj1fg cflb ljifosf nf]k x'Fb} uPsf, k|rlnt
eO/x]sf / gofF k|rngdf cfO/x]sf s]xL kfl/eflifs zAbnfO{ klg ;dfj]z u/]sf 5f}F .
/fi6gfos >L % dxf/fhflw/fh ;/sf/af6 g]kfnL efiff / jf\dosf] ljsf;df /flvaS;]sf] ux
g ?lr / c;Ld lgufxfsf] kmn:jk g} of] g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z k|sflzt x'g ;s]sf]df df
};'km ;/sf/;dIf ;elQm s[t1tf laGtL r9fpF5f}F . ;/sf/af6 s[kfk"0f{ ;Gb]z aS;]/ sf
]z;Dkfbgsfo{df ;+nUg xfdL ;a}nfO{

15
s[tfy{ kfl/aS;]sf] 5 . o; ;Gb]zdf lglxt kljq efjgfnfO{ xfdLn] /fi6efiffsf] clej[l
4 ug]{ sfo{df cem pT;fxn] ;+nUg /xgsf] lglDt k|]/0ffk|b cfzLjf{b ;Dem]sf 5f}F .
>L % sf] ;/sf/n] zAbsf]z k|sfzg ug{ / o;sf] cfoaf6 zAbsf]zkl/qmdflglw :yfkgf ug{ pb
f/tf;fy Psd'i6 /sd k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . o;sf] lglDt >L % sf] ;/sf/k|lt ljz]if wGojfb
1fkg ug{ rfxG5f}F . zAbsf]z;ldltsf ;xof]uL ljfg\xaf6 xfdLnfO{ cd"No k/fdz{ k|fKt e
Psf] 5 . vf; u/L, kfl/eflifs cy{n]vgsf] lglDt cfwf/e"t gd'gf tof/ kfg]{, zAbsf j
}slNks k s'g cfwf/df slt lbg], ;Dkfbg eO;s]kl5 clGtd k lbg] h:tf sfo{df pxfFxaf6 xf
dLn] 7"nf] ;xof]u kfof}F . o;} u/L xfd|f ;xof]uL ljfg\xn] vf;vf; ljifosf k|foM c1ft
jf lj:d[t eO{sg klg pkof]uL s]xL zAbxsf] ;\sng / kfl/eflifs cy{n]vgdf ?lr;fy ;xof
]u lbg'eof] . o;sf] lglDt ljfg\ dxfg'efjnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb 1fkg ub{5' . k|:t't sf
]zsf] tof/Lsf] qmddf s]xL zAbsf] cy{n]vgdf ;xof]u lbg'x'g] k|fWofksx ;j{>L 3gZofd
sF8]n, 8f) bof/fd >]i7, g/]Gb| rfkfufO{+ / /fh]Gb| ;'j]bLnfO{ klg wGojfb glbO{
/xg ;lsGg . lgb]{zs ;Dkfbs, xfd|f efifftkm{sf ;b:o, k|fWofks afns[i0f kf]v/]n, l
jz]if ;Dkfbso k|fWofks 8f) jf;'b]j lqkf7L / k|fWofks 8f) aNnedl0f bfxfn, ;Dkfbs p
kk|fWofks s[i0fk|;fb k/fh'nLn] o; sf]zdf cfgf] k|ltef / kl;gf g} lehfpg'ePsf] 5 .
o;sf] ;fy} ;x;Dkfbs ;xk|fWofks uf]kLs[i0f zdf{ / sfo{sf/L ;Dkfbs k+) xif{gfy e/f
O{n] pNn]vgLo sfo{ ug'{ePsf] 5 . o;/L sf]z ;Dkfbgsf] sfo{nfO{ kljq cg'i7fgsf] kdf
;DkGg ug]{ ;Dkfbsd08nsf ;a} ;xsdL{ ljfg\xnfO{ xflb{s wGojfb k|bfg ub{5' . d'b|0fs
fo{sf] lglDt ;'rf? kn] ;Dk"0f{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] k|zf;gk|d'v nId0fk|;fb nfld5fg], d'
b|0fsf] j]nf;Dd klg d"n k|ltsf] lg/LIf0f, kl/dfh{g / k|'km ;+zf]wg ug'{x'g] s[i0
fk|;fb k/fh'nL, k|'km ;+zf]wg ug]{ uf]kLs[i0f zdf{, xif{gfy e/fO{, s'df/w/ zdf{,
ab|LrGb| vgfn / jf/f0f;Ldf d'b|0fJoj:yfsf] lglDt ;xof]u lbg] ;flxTosf/ b'uf{k|;f
b >]i7nfO{ xflb{s wGojfb k|bfg ub{5' . of] sfo{ ;a}sf] ;xeflutfaf6 ;DkGg ePsf] x
f] / o;sf] ;kmntfsf] >]o klg ;a}sf] xf] . hf] o;df ;+nUg 5}gg\, tL efiffk|]dLaf6
klg eljiosf] sf]z;Dkfbgsf] lglDt o;df /xg uPsf e"nnfO{ cf}FNofOlbg] / efiffsf]
cfsfzdf cem} b]Vg z]if /x]sf tf/flt/ O;f/f ul/lbg] cfzf /fVb5f}F .
@)$) ;fn, kf}if !$ ut] .
dfwjk|;fb l3ld/] pks'nklt g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg

16
k'gd'{lb|t ;+:s/0faf/]
o; k'gd'{lb|t ;+:s/0fdf ljleGg ;|f]taf6 pknAw ePsf cz'l4xdfq oyf;Dej ;'wfl/Psf 5g
\ . k|yd ;+:s/0fdf ePsf cz'l4x klxNofOlbg] ljfg\xdf g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg ztzM w
Gojfb ck{0f ub{5 . eljiodf klg ljfg\xaf6 o:t} z'4Ls/0fsf ;'emfpxsf] ck]Iff ul/Psf]
5 .
@)%) kf}if !$ ut] . bf];|f] ;+:s/0f
O{Zj/ a/fn pks'nklt g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg

17
;DkfbsLo
!= k|:tfjgf dfgjhLjgsf ;Dk"0f{ lqmofsnfk, lrGtgdgg tyf cleJolQmxsf] ;aeGbf ;zQm d
fWod efiff g} xf] . efj tyf ljrf/sf] k|:k'm6g tyf ;~rf/sf qmddf efiffn] ;fdflhs
hLjgnfO{ ultzLn agfpgfsf ;fy;fy} ;flxTo tyf ;flxTo]t/ 1fglj1fgsf] prfO;Dd k'ofpg]
u5{ . efiffsf] cleJolQmIfdtf o;sf zAbe08f/sf] Ifdtfdf lge{/ u5{ / To; efiffdf v
]n]sf, leh]sf / /lQPsf zAbxs} ;dli6 xf] zAbe08f/ . ljZjsf x/]s hfltsf eflifs k|of
]udf To; efiffsf zAbPsfOxsf] dxjk"0f{ :yfg x'G5 . s'g} efiffsf] ;~rf/;fdYo{sf] dfk
g ug]{ d"n cfwf/ zAb;|f]t klg xf] . zAb;DkGgtf / cy{jxgIfdtfn] efiffnfO{ hLjGt ag
fpF5 . efiffdf cfjZostf / kl/l:yltcg';f/ x'g] zAbk|of]u / cy{ljwfgdf ;dofg's"n k
l/isf/ jf kl/jt{g eO/xG5g\ . lgZro g} zAbsf]z s'g} klg efiffsf] zAbe08f/sf] ;"rs
xf] / To; efiffsf] k|of]u jf cWoog ug]{xsf nflu ;xfos cfwf/ klg xf] . cGo efiffe
fifLx / ljb]zLxsf lglDt t o;sf] emg\ a9L pkof]lutf 5 . g]kfnL efiff, Jofs/0f cflba
f/] gofF 9n] rf;f] lng] ljb]zLxdf 8An') h]) ss{Kofl6s, ;L) o') P6g / P) 6g{a'n cflb
sf] sfo{ k|z+;gLo 5 . ss{Kofl6sn] g]kfnsf] Oltxf; jf j+zfjnL;DaGwL ljj/0fsf] k[i7
efudf g]kfnL zAbxsf] ;"rL klg lbPsf 5g\ . o; k':tssf] k|sfzg !*!! O) df ePsf] lyo
f] . o;sf] gf} jif{kl5 !*@) O) df P6gn] g]kfnL Jofs/0f eGg] k':ts snsQfaf6 k|sflzt
u/fP . !**& O) df 6g{a'nsf] g]kfnL Jofs/0f / zAbfjnL sf] k|yd ;+:s/0f klg bflh{lna
f6 k|sflzt eof] . g]kfnL efiffsf] cGj]if0f ug]{, ljfg\xdf cf/) Pn) 6g{/sf] gfd pNn
]Vo 5 . pgsf] g]kfnL zAbsf] cy{ c\u|]hL efiffdf n]lvPsf] g]kfnLc\u|]hL zAbsf]z !(#!
O) df k|sflzt eof] . o; qmddf g]kfnL efiffdf zAbsf]zsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ g]kfnL ljfg
\xdf kl08t rqmkfl0f rfln;], kl08t /fdrGb| 9'\ufgf cflbsf k|of; pNn]vgLo 5g\ . lj)
;+) @)!( df g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgf/f k|sflzt afnrGb| zdf{f/f ;Dkflbt g]kfnL zAb
sf]zsf] ljz]if of]ubfg /x]sf] 5 . pQm sf]zn] lgs} ;do;Dd cefjsf] k"lt{ u/]sf] xf
] tfklg Tof] km]l/ k|sflzt x'g ;s]g . efiffsf] If]qdf kfFrbz jif{df klg lgs} gofF
gofF zAbx k|rngdf cfpg] u5{g\ . To;}n] o:tf gofF zAbxsf] klg vf]hd]n u/L zAbsf]zdf
;dflji6 ug'{kg]{ cfjZostf :jefjtM a9\b} hfG5 . o;} kl/k|]Iodf k|1fk|lti7fgf/f ljl
eGg ljfg\xsf] ;xeflutfdf Pp6f :t/Lo zAbsf]z ck]lIft 7flgPcg';f/ k|:t't zAbsf]z tof
/ ePsf] xf] . zAbsf]zsf] ;Dkfbgsfo{ >d;fWo / ;do;fWo x'G5 . k|1fk|lti7fgf/f @)## ;
fnb]lv sf]zsf] tof/L ug]{ lg0f{o eO{ o; zAbsf]zsf] ;Dkfbgsfo{ k|f/De eP tfklg xf
d|f lglDt eg] cToGt ;Lldt ;do dfq k|fKt eof] / k|foM ;Dk"0f{ sfo{ gofF k/]vfdf nu
eu gofF lsl;dn] k"0f{ ug'{kof] . zAbsf]z;Dkfbgsf] u'?t/ sfo{cg'k clwsflws ljfg\xsf]
;xeflutf k|fKt u/L ;fd"lxs o1sf kdf zAbsf]zsf] of] ;Dkfbgsfo{ cufl8 a9f] . o; ;Gbe
{df Psktf sfod ug'{b]lv lnP/ cy{sf] k'gn]{vg tyf ltgsf] kl/isf/, 5'6 tyf sltko go
fF zAbx ;dfj]z ug'{;Ddsf sfo{ ;Dkfbgsf qmddf ePsf 5g\ . o;}n] cNk cjlwdf h]hlt x'
g ;Sof], cToGt >d;fwgfn] dfq x'g ;s]sf] 5 . d'b|0fsf qmddf uO;s]kl5 klg sltko zAb
/ cy{df kl/dfh{g tyf kl/isf/ ug'{k/]sf] 5 . o;/L tof/ ePsf] k|:t't sf]z q'l6/lx
t 5 eGg] bfaL 5}g t/ klg sf]znfO{ k|fdfl0fs / :t/Lo agfpg ;fwg / ;don] lbP;Dd el/
;Ss] k|of;rflxF ePsf] 5 . k|:t't zAbsf]zsf] ;Dkfbgdf ljleGg sl7gfO cfOk/] / ltgs
f] oyf;Dej ;dfwfg ul/of] . ;f] ;dfwfg s] s;/L ePsf] 5 eGg] s'/fsf] k|df0f sf]z g
} 5 tfklg o; ;Gbe{df eGg}kg]{ s]xL s'/f 5g\ . tLdWo] zAbrog tyf k|ljli6cg'qmd, J
o'TklQ, cy{n]vg / j0f{ljGof; k|d'v kdf cfpF5g\ . ltgsf af/]df tn qmdzM ;\If]kdf pN
n]v ul/Psf] 5 / ;\s]t;"rL tyf lrXg;"rLf/f klg sltko s'/f k|:6 x'g]5g\ .

18
@= zAbrog tyf k|ljli6cg'qmd k|:t't zAbsf]zdf eflifs Jojxf/ / jf\dosf ljleGg kmfF6
df k|rngdf cfPsf g]kfnL zAbx lbg] k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . Hofb} ck|rlnt, cltIf]qLo / cl
tsYo zAbx sf]zdf ;dflji6 ul/Psf 5}gg\ . :t/Lo g]kfnLdf Ps kbdf efj JoQm gx'g] zAb
e]l6Pdf ljz]iftM If]qLo eflifsfaf6 lng] gLlt cFuflnPsf] 5 eg] ;f+:s[lts hLjgdf
k|rlnt zAbnfO{ klg w]/yf]/ leofOPsf] 5 . ;+:s[t tT;d zAbnfO{ lnFbf jt{dfg dfgs jf
:t/Lo g]kfnL efiffdf 1fglj1fgsf ljleGg kmfF6df k|of]u eP;Ddsf zAbxnfO{ lnOPsf] 5
. k|of]ucf}lrTo / cfjZos 1fgsf b[li6df afx]s g]kfnLdf ck|rlnt /x]sf ;+:s[t tT;d z
Abx o;df ;dfj]z ul/Psf 5}gg\ . g]kfnL zAbn] g} kof{Kt cy{ jxg ug]{ / ltgnfO{ k|of
]u ul/Fbf lxGbLpb"{ cflbaf6 k|efljt ePsf tyf la6'nf 7flgg] cfuGt's zAb klg o;df u
flePsf 5}gg\ . o;/L k"j{jtL{ sf]zdf ;dflji6 c8rg, Px;fg, lbSst, k8f];L, k/];fg h
:tf y'k|} zAb x6fOPsf 5g\ . c\u|]hL cflb efiffsf zAbdf klg g]kfnL lhe|fdf klr;s]s
f zAbnfO{ dfq k|ljli6 lbOPsf] 5 / To;/L lbg' cfjZos ePsf 7fpFdf klg clwsf+ztM g]
kfnL zAb x]g{ ;\s]t ul/Psf] 5 . zAbxsf] /vfOqmd jf cg'qmddf ;fbf Ps j0f{ dfq ePdf
;j{k|yd ;f] j0f{ / To;kl5 qmdzM rGb|laGb', lz/laGb' / lj;u{o'Qm j0f{ lbOPsf 5g\
. b]jgfu/L lnlksf C[ tyf n[, n[[ j0f{sf] k|of]u g]kfnL :j/j0f{df gx'g] x'gfn] n[
j0f{sf] sfd n Jo~hgj0f{sf qmdd} x'g ;Sg] ePsfn] :j/j0f{df ltgsf] k|ljli6 lbOPsf]
5}g . If, 1 / q h:tf ;+o'Qm j0f{nfO{ k"j{k|rngcg';f/ qmdzM If -s\ if_, 1 -h\ `_ / q
-t\ /_ j0f{sf cg'qmdd} lbOPsf] 5 . k|:t't zAbsf]zdf cFuflnPsf pko'{Qm /vfOqmdn] g5
]s];Dd qmd klg glaufg]{ / d"n zAbxsf ;fy;fy Jo'Tkflbt tyf ;d:jkL ;x;DalGwt zAb klg
k]6af]nLdf lbg] gLlt lnOPsf] 5 . o;f] ubf{ zAbnfO{ j0ff{g'qmddf x]g{ ;lsg]5 . k
|fltklbs, d"n, lqmofd"n / cg's/0fd"nxdf rflxF qmdsf] Jojwfg geP;Dd sf]l6 g} lkR5]
cg'R5]b gkm]/L d"n k;Fu} /flvPsf] 5 . k]6af]nLdf cfpg] uf}0f k|ljli6sf zAbxnfO{ t
Lg lsl;dsf lrXg lbP/ hf]8\g] sfd ul/Psf] 5 h:t} -s_ lv08Lo x'g ;Sg] cyf{t\ cfwfcfw
f 5'lg] ;d:t zAbdf -wsf]{ lrXg_ lbOPsf] 5 . h:t} clwsf/ If]q kq jfnf sdn uf
f 3/ cfFug s]6f] vr{ v]tL uGtL ufpFn] -v_ s[t\k|Too / tl4tk|Too nfu]/ ag]sf jf
dkL ;x;DalGwt zAbdf v08 5'fpg gldNg] x'gfn] > (Jo'Tkfbs lrXg) lbOPsf] 5 / z]ifdf cs
f]{ vl08t k gcfP;Dd ;fbf 5f]l8Psf] 5 . h:t} pkef]u > pkef]uL pkef]Uo v'n:t > v'n:
TofOF v'n:TofOg' v'n:Tofpg' -u_ Pp6} cy{PsfOsf eP tfklg kbof]u gx'g] ljz]if0fo'Q
m zAb, cn's ;df; jf kbfjnL / 6'Ssfdf rflxF -lrXg_ lbOPsf] 5 . h:t} csf;] v]tL j[
lQ cFufnf] xfNg' 3/ vfg' O) t/ s'g} Jo'Tkflbt zAb :jod\ klg k|hggzLn /x]sf] b]lv
Psf 7fpFdf cf}lrTo x]/L To:tf zAbnfO{ k]6af]nLdf g/fvL d"n k|ljli6sf kd} klg lbOP
sf] 5 . d"n lqmofkbdf g' sf] u0fgf ul/Psf] 5}g cyf{t\ g' nfO{ z"Go dfg]/ k|ljli6 lbO
Psf] 5 . Jo'Tkflbt lqmofdf eg] of] lgod lqmoflGjt 5}g / lqmofd"n s[bGt zAbxnfO{ p
ko'{Qm lsl;dn] k]6af]nLdf g} lbOPsf] 5 . qmd 5]lsg]df rflxF :jtGq k|ljli6 ul/Psf
] 5 / o:tf lqmofd"n zAbdf Jo'TklQ b]vfO{ d"n zAbnfO{ uf9f 6fOkdf lbP/ To:tf lqmo
faf6 Jo'Tkflbt uf}0f zAbnfO{ k'gM hf]8\g] sfd klg ePsf] 5 . a]Unfa]Un} Jo'TklQ e
Psf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L Pp6} d"n zAb cfPdf k|foM zAbsf k5fl8 dl;g' c\s !, @, #,
cflb qmd hgfO{ 5'f5'} lbOPsf 5g\ . h:t} c/a!, c/a@ t/!, t/@, t/# ;fn!, ;fn@,

19

;fn# O) . clg j0ff{g'qmd glau|g] / b'j} k ;d:t/Lo ePsf zAbnfO{ 58\s] lrXg lbP/ Ps
} 7fpFdf klg kfl/Psf] 5 . h:t} clnaf/clna]/, sldrsldh, 8F8fnL8F8fNgL O) . :qLln\uL zA
bxsf] k|ljli6 lbFbf efn] gfd -k'ln\u_ af6 :qLln\u agfpg] Jo'Tkfbs k|lqmof ;/n ePdf
k]6af]nLd} To:tf :qLln\uL zAb :qL) hgfO{ lbOPsf 5g\ / ;f] k|lqmof hl6n /x]sf 7fpF
df eg] cnUu} k|ljli6 lbOPsf] 5 . g]kfnL gfdjfrL psf/fGt zAb Psjrg a'emfpFbf cf]s
f/fGt klg ePsf b]lvG5g\ . k|rng tyf cg's"ntf x]/L ltgsf psf/fGt jf cf]sf/fGt b'j
} k lbOPsf 5g\ . ltgsf] cy{ eg] s'g} Ps k|rlnt zAbdf dfq lbOPsf] 5 . h:t} 5fg'5fgf
], dfg'dfgf] OToflbdf . 3f]8f] / 3f]8f, 5f]/f] / 5f]/f h:tf zAbdf cf]sf/fGt kdf cy
{ lbO{ cfsf/fGtnfO{ pk:t/Lo dflgPsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiffdf cFufnf]cfnf], eFufnf]efnf] h
:tf k rn]sf 5g\ t/ c\ufnf], e\ufnf] h:tf ck|rlnt pRrf/0f ePsf zAbnfO{ x6fOPsf] 5 . b
'j} ljsNk kdf k|of]u x'g] u/]sf] b]lvPsf 7fpFdf b'j} y/L zAbnfO{ ;d:t/Lo dfgL k|l
jli6 lbOPsf] 5, cy{ klg k|foM b'j} 7fpFdf n]lvPsf] 5 . cg's/0fd"n -emn\, y/\, t/
\_ cflb zAbnfO{ d"n k|ljli6df lbOPsf] 5}g t/ ltgaf6 ag]sf zAbsf] k|ljli6 -h:t} ys{
g', ts{g' O)_ lbOPsf] 5 / cGTodf k|hgglrXgdf eg] d"n hgfOPsf] 5 . h:t} ts{g' -t/
\_, emNsg' -emn\_ O) . o;/L hgfpFbf c) d") -cg's/0fd"n_ eGg] ;\s]t lbgfsf ;fy} of
]ufTds zAb / lTj ePsf 7fpFdf -l)_ cflb klg hgfOPsf] 5 . k|Toof+zsf a4 k ;a}nfO{ k|l
jli6 glbO{ a9L k|rlnt jf nf]slk|onfO{ dfq k|ljli6 lbOPsf] 5 . h:t} cfO, cf]6, cf
j6, Onf] O) . g] k|Tooo'Qm Jo'TkGg zAbnfO{ :yflkt eO;s]sf ePdf jf ltgaf6 c Jo'TkGg
zAb lbg'kg]{ eP dfq lbOPsf] 5 . h:t}sf6\g], nfUg] / sf6\g] xltof/, vfg] xft O) .
#= Jo'TklQ zAbxsf] dfp k klxNofpg jf k|:6fpgsf lglDt zAbsf]zdf Jo'TklQ jf pkklQsf]
klg k|d'v e"ldsf /xG5 . o; qmddf Jo'TklQ jf pkklQ lbg' ljleGg b[li6n] ck]lIft eP
sfn] ;do / ;fwgn] lbP;Dd oyf;Dej lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L zAbsf Jo'TklQ lbFbf tb\ej cflb
zAbdf h'g eflifs ;|f]t xf] To;sf] d"n lbg] sfo{ ePsf] 5 . k/Gt' tT;d cflbdf d"n
glbO{ efiffs} gfd ;\s]tf/f hgfOPsf] 5 . h:t} ;+) ;+:s[t, k|f) k|fs[t, c) c/aL, c
c\u|]hL OToflb . ;+:s[t tT;d zAbdf ;+:s[ts} k|Too 5'fP/ b]vfOPsf] 5}g / clwsfl/g\ h:t
f ;+:s[t ksf] k|ljli6 klg ul/Psf] 5}g . ;+:s[tsf lj;u{ jf xnGt / pb"{c/aLsf pQm knf
O{ klg 5fl8Psf] 5 . ;+:s[taf6 k|fs[t x'Fb} cfPsf tb\ej zAbdf cfjZos b]lvPsf tyf
;Dej ePsf 7fpFdf k|fs[t tyf ;+:s[t b'j} ;|f]t lbg] k|of; klg ul/Psf] 5 . cGoq k|
fs[t jf ;+:s[t s'g} Ps k lbOPsf] 5 . s'g} eflifs ;|f]tsf] Jo'TklQ lbFbf To;sf zfv
fk|zfvf ;':ki6 gePsf zAbxdf vns dfq klg hgfOPsf] 5, h:t} ef]) a) -ef]6ad]{nL_ . s'g
} zAbsf] Jo'TklQ ;lGbUw ePsf 7fpFdf k|Zgjfrs lrXg dfq klg /flvPsf] 5 jf s]xL glb
O{ vfnL g} 5fl8Psf] 5 . Jo'TklQ ghgfOPsf zAb xfnnfO{ g]kfnL kdf :jLsf/ ug'{k/]sf]
5 . $= cy{n]vg zAbsf] cy{ n]Vtf 5f]6s/Ldf kl/eflift ug]{ jf JofVof ug]{ oyf;Dej
k|of; ul/Psf] 5 . To;kl5 pknAw eP;Ddsf kof{o lbOPsf] 5 . pxL kof{ox ljleGg cy{df
bf]xl/g] v08 k/]df st}st} cflbjfrL O) lrXg lbP/ ;\If]kLs/0f klg ul/Psf] 5 . cTof
jZos b]lvPsf zAbdf ljk/LtfyL{ k klg b]vfOPsf] 5 . zAbsf] cy{ lbFbf ;a}lt/ pbfx/0f
lbOPsf] 5}g tfklg cTofjZos 7fpFdf pbf) ;\s]t u/L pbfx/0f oyf;Dej ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 . kof{o gk'u ePsf 7fpFdf cYof{pFbf sxLFsxLF sf]i7leq c\u|]hL cflbsf kof{o klg l
bOPsf 5g\ . cGo efiffsf zAb ePdf tLtL efiffsf] gfd;\s]t u/L sf]i7d} lbOPsf] 5 t/ o
:tf zAbnfO{ k|ljli6df ;dflji6 dflgPsf] 5}g . h:t} uf]n;Ghfksf] cy{df -kfOlk_ O) .
kof{o cy{ c4{lj/fd lrXg -_n] hgfOPsf] 5 / cg]sfyL{ cy{df !,@,# cflb ub}{ qmdzM cy
{ lbP/ k|To]s ;\Vofsf] cy{kl5 k"0f{lj/fd lrXg lbOPsf] 5 .

20
s'g} zAbsf d"n kdf w]/} cy{ x'g] / g]kfnLdf cfpFbf Psb'O{ cy{dfq k|rlnt 5g\ eg] ;
a} cy{ glbO{ k|foM tL k|rlnt cy{ dfq lbOPsf 5g\ . To:tf k|rlnt cy{ lbFbf eflifs
Jojxf/ jf jf\dosf s'g kIf jf ljifosf x'g\ ;f] hgfpg] sfd klg ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} ;flx
Tozf:qsf cg';f/, lj1fgsf cg';f/, dgf]lj1fgsf cg';f/, of]uzf:qsf cg';f/, Hof]ltif
zf:qsf cg';f/ O) . lTj x'g] zAb jf wft'xdf cflbTjnfO{ :t/Lo dfgL lTjnfO{ pk:t/Lo df
lgPsf] 5 . h:t} cft];, cfQ];, ctflng', cQflng', ctflNng' cflbsf cft];, ctflng' cf
lbnfO{ :t/Lo dfgL cy{ lbOPsf] 5 / z]ifnfO{ pk:t/Lo dflgPsf] 5 . t/sf/Ltsf{/L, ;/s
f/L;sf{/L, uf]/vfuf]vf{ cflbdf klg b'j}nfO{ k|ljli6 lbP/ :jLsfo{ jf ljz]if k|rlnt
Pp6fdf cy{ lbOPsf] 5 . o;/L :t/Lo zAbdf cy{ lbO{ pk:t/Losf] cy{ n]Vtf k|foM x])
ul/Psf] 5 cyjf k"/fk"/f ;dfgfyL{df dfq klg o:tf] ePsf] 5 . pvfg6'Ssfsf] k|of]u cf
jZos b]lvPsf 7fpFdf oyf;Dej ePsf] 5 . s]xL pvfgsf] k|of]u k|ljli6qmddf ePsf] 5 /
slt t cy{ k|:6fpgsf lglDt / pbfx/0f kdf klg k/]sf 5g\ . %= j0f{ljGof; j0f{ljGof;
efiffsf lnlvt, clelnlvt, 6\lst cflb k;Fu ;DalGwt x'G5 . efiffsf] n]vgk4ltcGtu{tsf
lgodxn] n]Vo efiffdf kbof]u, kbljof]u nufot :t/Lo j0f{ljGof; lgwf{l/t u5{g\ . g]k
fnL efiffn] 5fkfvfgfsf If]qdf k|j]z u/]sf] s]xL jif{b]lv dfgs j0f{ljGof;sf cfjZo
stfsf] af]w x'g yfNof] / To;af/] kmf6km'6 rrf{ klg rNb} uof] . xnGtalxisf/ cfGbf
]ng / To;sf lqmofk|ltlqmofdf p7]sf rrf{ o; ;Gbe{df :d/0fLo 5g\ . ljqmdsf] aL;f}F
ztfAbLsf] ;ftf}F bzslt/ g]kfnL efiffdf Jofs/0fsf k':ts 5flkg yfn]sf x'g\ . o; k
|lqmofdf rlGb|sf / dWorlGb|sf h:tf g]kfnL Jofs/0fsf cfwf/df g]kfnL j0f{ljGof;sf]
dfgs ksf] lgwf{/0f x'g yfNof] . ltgdf ;j{;Ddlt geP tfklg Jofks ;xdltsf ;fy} cflw
sfl/stf k|fKt x'Fb} uof] . g]kfnL efiffk|sflzgL ;ldltsf dfWodaf6 n]vg / k|sfzgsf
If]qdf g]kfnL efiffdf pko'Qm dfgs ksf] sfof{Gjog x'g yfNof] . o; ;Gbe{df ;ldltf/f
k|sflzt g]kfnL s;/L z'4 n]Vg] < gfdsf] n3'k'l:tsfsf] Jofks k|efj klg :d/0fLo 5 .
o;/L df]6fdf]6L tLgrf/ bzssf cjlwdf g]kfnL j0f{ljGof;n] cfwf/e"t :jk k|fKt uof] / k
|rlnt x'Fb} uof] . o;af/] ;fgfltgf s'/fdf sltko dtdtfGt/ ljBdfg /x]sf 5g\ . Jofk
s :jLsfo{tfsf cfwf/df g]kfnL j0f{ljGof;sf] dfgs ksf] l:ylt lgs} al;;s]sf] 5 . o;
kl/k|]Iodf k|:t't sf]zdf lzi6 k/Dk/fsf dfGo :jknfO{ g} :jLsf/ u/L Psfw s'/fdf xfn
b]vf k/]sf gofF ;xdltsf s'/fnfO{ klg j}slNks kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . ;+:s[t tT;d
zAbnfO{ ;+:s[ts} j0f{ljGof;sf lgodcg';f/ oyfjt\ sfod ul/Psf] 5 / clt k|rlnt eO{
tb\ejt'No ePsf ag, n;'g h:tf zAbnfO{ g]kfnL lzi6k/Dk/fcg';f/ g} :jLsf/ u/L j}slN
ks kdf k|rlnt g]kfnL pRrf/0fcg';f/ klg lbOPsf] 5 . t/ c/aL, kmf/;L, pb"{, lxGbL,
kf]t{ufnL, c\u|]hL cflb ljleGg efiffaf6 cfPsf clwsf+z cfuGt's zAbnfO{ g]kfnL j0f{
ljGof;sf lgod / Wjlgcg';f/ n]Vg] u/L d"n k|ljli6 x|:jdf lbOPsf] 5 . h:t} hflu/, h
'n';, tflnd, glthf, dGh'/, lnnfd, xflh/ cflb . kb jf bhf{df cTolws k|rlnt eO;s]s
f :yfg jf b]zsf] gfd hgfpg] s]xL cfuGt's zAb oyfjt\ g} /flvPsf klg 5g\ . h:t} rL
km, 8Lg, xsLd, u|L; O) . ;sf/df klg ;+:s[t tT;dafx]s tb\ej tyf ljb]zL zAbxdf k|fo
M ; nfO{ g} d"n kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} ;'?, ;'?cft, :6];g, s/kf]/];g, cl;:6]G6
O) . gfd, y/, kbjL cflb hgfpg] ljz]if kn] k|rlnt eO;s]sf zAbdf / ;f+:s[lts;fdflhs
dxjsf zAbdf eg] k"j{k z nfO{ g} sfod /fvL k|ljli6 lbOPsf] 5 . h:t} zfx, zfxsfn, zdz]/
, zfxhfbf, zfxhfbL, zxLb cflb . ;+:s[t cj:yfsf zAbsf dWodf /x]sf ;+o'Qm Jo~hgx k|
fs[t cj:yfdf ;dLejgsf] k|lqmof a]xf]/L cfw'lgs cfo{efiffsfndf tL ;dLe"t Jo~hgdWo
] Ps Jo~hgsf] nf]k eO{ cu|jtL{ :j/ bL3{ ePsf] dfGg] lzi6 g]kfnL k/Dk/fcg'k bL3{ g
} :jLsfl/Psf] 5 . o:t} c4{ tT;d vfnsf zAb tyf anf3ft, :j/f3ft kg]{ b'O{cIf/] zAb
df klg s]xL ckjfbafx]s ljsNk g/fvL klxn] rn]sf lgodcg';f/ bL3{d} dfq k|ljli6 lbO
Psf] 5 . h:t} sL/f], sLnf], kL7f], b"w,dLt, rLh, aLh O) . o;/L g} dWo j0f{df klg
s]xL zAb bL3{ g} k|o'Qm 5g\ . h:t} sk"t, sk"/, c5"t O) .

21

b'O{ leGgfleGg} cy{ x'g] >'lt;d leGgfy{ zAbxnfO{ klg k|rlnt j0f{ljGof;cg';f/ x|:jb
L3{ b'j} k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} k'mn -cG8f, l8Daf_ k"mn -k'ik_, ltg -pg_, tLg -#
sf] c\s_ k'/f -ef]hg z]if_, k"/f -k"0f{, l;\uf]_ O) . 7"nf], tLtf], dL7f], a"9f] h:
tf zAbnfO{ klg lzi6 k/Dk/fcg';f/ bL3{ g} k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 / ltgaf6 ag]sf tl4t zA
bxdf eg] x|:j g} nfu" ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} a'9fOF, ld7f; cflb . g]kfnL lzi6 k/Dk/fcg';f
/ g} cJo'TkGg cJoosf clg, klg, rflxF cflb h:tf zAbsf kbfGt k x|:j k|of]u ePsf 5g\
/ x, nfO{ cflb zAbnfO{ bL3{ g} k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . c\sdf l -b'O{_ / lq afx]s cufl8,
aLrdf / k5fl8 ;a} bL3{, h:t} tLg, aL;, tL;, rfnL;, ;f7L, c;L O) g} /flvPsf] 5 .
:j/j0f{ 5'} cfPsf] 5 eg] cflb, dWo klg x|:j ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} pGgfO;, PSsfO;, afO;,
t]O;, ;QfO;, cfO;, pgGrf;, pg;L, pgG;Q/L, pgf;L cflb . g]kfnL tb\ej / cfuGt's zAb
xsf] cGtdf xn\ pRrf/0f x'g] -gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f / cg's/0ffTds zAbx_ 7fpFdf klg c
:j/;lxts} k n]lvg] lzi6 k/Dk/fcg';f/ oyfjt\ sfod /x]sf 5g\ . h:t} skfn, snd, u8a8
, emnfemn, ;n;n O) . ;df;sf] k"j{kbdf em/f{ -g]kfnL k|fs[t_ / tb\ej zAbsf d"n k l
bg] eP bL3{Tj glaufg]{ l;4fGtcg';f/ bL3{ g} k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 . h:t} kfgLcfGb|],
r/Lr'Rr], ufO{hfqf, b'O{cf}Fn] cflb . ;+:s[t tT;d zAbsf cg':jf/ WjlgnfO{ lz/laGb
' jf j0f{sf] k~rd j0f{f/f JoQm ug]{ kl/kf6L b]lvG5 tfklg o; sf]zdf d'b|0f Joj:yfn
] lbP;Dd k~rd j0f{s} k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 t/ tb\ej tyf cfuGt's zAbxdf eg] k|rlnt pRrf/
0fcg';f/s} lxHh] sfod ul/Psf 5g\ . h:t} l;GsL, emGem6, ;Grf], 6G6f, dfGg', ;Demg
' O) . c, 9, dn h:tf zAbnfO{ ckm;]6 6fOkdf c;'ljwf k/]sf sf/0fn] c\u, 9\u, d\un OTofl
sf kdf g} /xg lbOPsf] 5 . tb\ej g]kfnL zAbdf , g, d, /, n sf dxfk|f0fxnfO{ klg ;+:s
[tsf n]Vo kl/kf6Ldf Xg, Xd, Xn, x| cflb gn]vL o;/L k|of]u ul/Psf] 5 uGxfpg', uxfp
g', cxfpg', cxf]6 O) . ;+:s[tsf lrXg, k|Xnfb, a|fXd0f O) nfO{ eg] k"j{ k|rngcg';f/
g} /flvPsf] 5 . kbof]u / kbljof]usf ;DaGwdf :jtGq zAb, lgkft, ljelQmkl5 /x]sf]
gfdof]uL cflb 5'fpg] / ljelQm, ;d:t zAb, cg's/0ffTds zAb, lTj zAb, cs/0fsf] g cflb hf
]8\g] k"j{ lgodxnfO{ g} kfngf ul/Psf] 5 . ljz]if0fo'Qm gfdzAb ghf]8L lbOPsf] 5 .
h:t} csf;] v]tL, kfv'/] df]xL, sfG5f] afa', sfnf] d'G6f], xf8] cf]v/ O) . t/ ljsf
/ ePsf zAbdf / sd{wf/o ;df; x'g ;Sg] afx]ssf zAbdf eg] hf]8]/ n]lvPsf] 5 . h:t}sf
nLsf7, sfnLdf6L, d"nkfgL, a"9Ldfp, /ftLu]8L, nfnLu'/fF; O) . ^= pk;+xf/ k|:t't g
]kfnL zAbsf]zsf] ;Dkfbgdf ljleGg ljfg\xsf] ;xeflutfsf ;fy;fy} k"j{k|sflzt lxGbL, ;
+:s[t / c\u|]hLsf sltko sf]zxaf6 klg ;xfotf ldn]sf] 5 . o; cg'i7fgsf lglDt ljfg\x ty
f ltgsf k':tsxaf6 kfPsf] ;xof]u lr/:d/0fLo /xg]5 . o;/L dd{1 ljfg\xaf6 kfPsf] ;'emf
p;Nnfx k|]/0ffbfoL x'g]5 / cfufdL ;+:s/0fdf k|:t't zAbsf]zn] cem} gofF cg'xf/ ln
Fb} k|fdfl0fs kdf cfpg ;Sg]5 eGg] ljZjf; 5 . g]kfnL efiff lbgk/lbg cufl8 nDsFb} 5
. o;df ljleGg ljwf tyf ljifodf cleJolQmsf gofF ;Defjgf b]lvPsf 5g\ / gofF lIflt
h v'Nb} 5g\ . o; ;Gbe{df xfdLn] g]kfnL efiffnfO{ g]kfnL df6f] / d'6'df leh]sf cfg
f zAbxsf] ;+/If0fsf ;fy} o'uLg cfjZostfg';f/ gofFgofF cleJolQm jxg ug{ ;Ifd kfg'{
5 / gofFgofF zAbnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug'{kg]{ ePsf] 5 . g]kfnL efiff hLljt / ljsf;zLn
efiff xf] . o; efiffsf] hLjGttf cfgf] kgnfO{ hf]ufpFb} zAbsf] kpn /flzdf v]Ng'df
5 . To;s} Pp6f ;Tk|of;sf kdf k|:t't zAbsf]z lj1 kf7sxsf ;fd' 5 . cfpFbf lbg / gofF
l5dnxsf lglDt o; sf]zn] s]xL dfu{bz{g u/]5 eg] xfdL ;a}sf] k|of; k'likt ePsf] cg
'ej x'g]5 . ;Dkfbsd08n .

22
;+zf]ws d08nsf] egfO
k|yd k|sfzgsf] ;q jif{kl5 g]kfnL a[xt\ zAbsf]z ;+zf]lwt, kl/dflh{t / lsl~rt\ kl/
jlw{t kdf d'lb|t eP/ k|sfzdf cfpFb} 5 . o;sf] ;+zf]wgsfo{ lj=;+= @)%$ df g} cf/De
ePsf] xf] / Toltv]/ of] sfo{ cNkfjlwdf 8f) s]zjk|;fb pkfWofo, z/RrGb| zdf{ e/fO{
, xif{gfy e/fO{ Pj+ vu]Gb|k|;fb n'O6]naf6 ul/Psf] lyof] . ;+) @)%^ df d'b|0fsf nf
lu tof/L ug]{ l;nl;nfdf o;sf] cWoog ubf{ o;df g;RofO{ gx'g] lgs} q'l6x afFsL /x]s
f b]lvP . d'b|0f sfo{ hlt ;s]sf] l56} ;DkGg xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] o;sf] sDKo'6/ 6fOk
ug]{ qmddf g} cfjZos ;+zf]wgkl/dfh{gsf ;Fu;Fu} k|'km klg x]b}{ hfg] / To;nfO{ cl
Gtd k lbg] ;Nnfx ePcg';f/ 8f) s]zjk|;fb pkfWofosf] ;+of]hg / lgb]{zgdf z/b\rGb| z
df{ e/fO{ / dfwj nD;fnsf ;xof]uaf6 sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] xf] . o; zAbsf]zsf] ;+zf]wgk
l/dfh{g ubf{ ljleGg kqklqsfxdf k|sflzt ;'emfpsf] pkof]u ul/Psf] 5 eg] o; qmddf cg
fjZos nfu]sf s]xL zAb x6fO{ cTofjZos nfu]sf s]xL zAb yKg] sfd klg ul/Psf] 5 . ;f
y} lkfTds zAbnfO{ j}slNks kdf Ps} 7fpFdf /fVg] sfd klg o;df ul/Psf] 5 / vf; u/L o;d
f cy{;DaGwL q'l6 ;Rofpg] sfd ul/Psf] 5 . o;sf] ;+zf]wgkl/dfh{gsf qmddf zAb yKbf s
]xL cl3b]lv g} k|rngdf /x]sf / s]xL jt{dfgdf Jofks kdf k|rngdf cfPsf zAb yk]/ o;
sf]znfO{ cBfjlws t'Nofpg] k|of; klg ul/Psf] 5 . o; zAbsf]zsf] ;+zf]wgkl/dfh{g o;s
f lgdf{tfxn] k|yd ;+:s/0fsf lgldQ cFufn]sf sf]z / Jofs/0f;DaGwL gLlt Pj+ lgodcGtu
{t /x]/ ul/Psf] 5 . o; zAbsf]zsf] sDKo'6/ 6fOksf] sfd / d'b|0f ;DaGwL ofjt\ sfd
klxnf] k6s k|1f 5fkfvfgfdf ePsf x'g\ . oL sfd o; 5fkfvfgfdf sfo{/t k|fljlws sd{r
f/Lxaf6 ;DkGg ePsf x'g\ . klxnf] k|of; eP klg cfcfgf sfd s'zntf;fy ;DkGg kfg{df sDK
o'6/ ;dfof]hs ;/f]hs'df/ >]i7, /fhs'df/ >]i7, /fh]Gb|s'df/ zfxL tyf d'b|0f Joj:y
fks dLgf uf}tdn] b]vfpg'ePsf] pT;fx, hfFu/ / st{Jolgi7fsf] xfdL d'/Ld'/L k|z+;f
u5f}{+ . xfd|f] cg'ej / ljrf/df zAbsf]zsf] ;+zf]wgkl/dfh{g sfo{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbP/
o;nfO{ cBfjlws kfg]{ k|of; eO/xg'k5{, o; ljifodf k|lti7fgn] ljrf/ ug]{ g} 5 . o
; k|lti7fgsf pks'nklt / ;b:o;lrj nufot cGo k|f1 dxf]boxn] o; a[xt\ zAbsf]zsf] ;+zf
]wgkl/dfh{gsf] u'?t bfloTj xfdLnfO{ ;'Dkg'ePsfdf / cfjZos ;Nnfx, ;xof]u Pj+ k|f]T;
fxg lbg'ePsfdf xfdL pxfFxk|lt cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+, ;fy} xfdL s]xL zAb yKg / cy{ ;R
ofpg ;'emfp lbg] ljleGg JolQm / ;+3;+:yfxk|lt klg cfef/ k|s6 ub{5f}+ .
;+zf]ws d08n @)%*
;+zf]ws
z/RrGb| zdf{ e/fO{ xif{gfy e/fO{ vu]Gb|k|;fb n'O6]n dfwj nD;fn
;+of]hslgb]{zs
8f) s]zjk|;fb pkfWofo ;b:o g]kfn /fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fg

23

;\s]t;"rL
c) c) lqm) c\) c) d") cJo) cf) g]) O) pl8) pbf) pk) s) lqm) sYo) lqm) k) lqm) lj)
u|L) lrlg) hfkf) 8f]) tfdf) lt) ) t') t'n) yf) b) lbJo) l) lwdf) gf) gf) of]) lgkf
) g]) g]jf) k) g]) c/aL .
flb pl8of pbfx/0f pk;u{ sd{jfRo lqmof sYo efiff lqmofkbfjnL lqmofljz]if0f u|Ls, u
|L;, lu|;]nL lrlgofF hfkfgL 8f]6]nL tfdf\uL lto{s\ k t'sL{, t's]{nL t'ngf, t'ngLo
yf bfnL lbJopkb]z lTj lwdfn gfd gfdof]uL lgkft g]kfnL g]jf/L klZrd g]kfn k) ;) k")
;) kf]t{) k|f) k|f) g]) k|]) lqm) kmf) k|mf) k|m]) a) j) af) af]) ef) O) ef]) ef
]) a) du) d/f) d}) ln) lj) ljk) lj) af]) lje) ;+) ;+If]) ;+o') ;+of]) ;) lqm) ;j
{) ;ft) :qL) :k]) lx) x])
s lqmof kmf/;L k|mfG;]nL k|m]Gr ax'jrg afnaf]nL ef/tO/fg]nL ef]hk'/L ef]6ad]{nL du
/fFtL d/f7L d}lynL lnDa" efiff ljz]if0f ljk/Ltfy{s lj:doflbaf]ws ljelQm ;+:s[t ;\
If]kLs[t k ;+o'Qm ;+of]hs ;sd{s lqmof ;j{gfd ;ftTo :qLln\u :k]lg; lxGbL x]g'{xf];\
lrXg;"rL
) [ >] ljefhs -ljsNk k_ lgb]{zs lrXg tyf ;d:tkb ;\s]t ;\If]kLs[t lrXg d"n Jo'TkGg
yfg d"n ksf] ls6fg - _ ~ < > uf}0f ;\s]t ;+of]hs jf hf]8 ljz]io gfd -ghf]l8g]_ cuf
l8 b]vfOPsf] Jo'TkGg k k5fl8 b]vfOPsf] Jo'TkGg k

c
!= b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :jj0f{dWo] klxnf] :jj0f{ kDkfut kdf s07:yfgaf6 pRrf0f x'g] x
jj0f{ dflgPsf] efifflj1fgcg';f cfwfv'nf, s]Gb|Lo :jj0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] :jj0f{sf] k|lt
wTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . @= n]vfOsf qmddf ljifoj:t'sf] juL{s0f jf ljefhg pkljefhgsf lgl
Dt :jj0f{sf] k|of]u ulFbf lbOg] qmdaf]ws klxnf] lrXg . c@ [;+)] gf) != leq cGtlg{lx
t dflgPsf c p d\ tLg WjlgdWo] lji0f'nfO{ a'emfpg] klxnf] Wjlg . (p tyf d\ Wjlg qmdzM
lzj tyf a|XdfnfO{ a'emfpg] dflgG5g\ .) @= ;+:s[t PsfIfL sf]zcg';f d"ntM lji0f'nfO
{ hgfpg] d\unjfrL zAb . #= k");) zAbsf cufl8 nfuL cefj, leGgtf, ljkLttf cflb cy{ a
'emfpg] k"j; { u{ (cult, c1fg, ckmfk, cof]Uo O)) . c# lg) emsf]{, ufnL, a]jf:tf,
c:jLsf cflb a'emfpg cfj]usf cj:yfdf k|of]u ulg] lj:doflbaf]ws zAb cf . (pbf) c, lagl
;lQ slt rn]sf] < c, d olt a]nf ahf hfGgF .) c lg) [k|f) cfd < ;+) cfd\] :jLsf, ;Demg
f, cfZro{, pk]Iff, k|;Ggtf, kL8f cflb efj hgfpg], k|foM jfSosf cufl8 cfpg] zAb .
(pbf) cF, dnfO{ ;Grf] 5}g . cF, To:tf] klg xf]nf . cF, ltdLn] eg] x'G5 ) csfO gf) [
fs\ (cfO)] cfFSg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] csfOg' s) lqm) cfFSg nfOg' . csfpg' k
]) lqm) cfFSg nfpg' cfFSg] kfg'{ . cuvfcuvf{ gf) [k|f) c
\uvf] 3fF6Lb]lv 3'8 F fdlGt
nfdf] j'mtf{h:tf] k|foM ;fw';Gtxn] ljz]if cj:yfdf fhf, dGqL cflbn] klg nufpg] j:q
. cuf gf) [k|f) c+uff] < ;+) c
\uf] bfpf cflb HjngzLn j:t' an] sf]Onf eO{ lge]sf],
eOg;s]sf] k|f
\ufls, sfnf] j:t' uf]n c
\uf c
f . > cuf] lj) cFufh:tf] sfnf] Hofb
' ;) lqm) [cFufnf] g'] != :g]x jf cfTdLotf hgfpg s;}nfO{ b'O{ xftn] Rofk] 5ftLdf 6fF
:g' lgs6tf b]vfpg k:kdf cFufnf] dfg'{ c\sdfn ug'{ . @= s'g} sfds'f jf k];fnfO{ u|x0f
g'{ lng' . (pbf) pgn] lzIfssf] sfo{
c!

cFufn] .) #= ;xfotf ug'{ kIf lng' . > cufnfO gf) cFufNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cuf
lng' s) lqm) cFufNg] sfd ulg' cFufnf] xflng' . cufn] lj) [cFufnf]P] != Ps cFufnfdf c6
pg] cFufnfdf af]lsg] cFufnfelsf] . gf) @= vnfdf wfg r'6g \ ] jf emfF6g \ ] a]nfdf w
fgsf cFufnf af]Sg] v]tfnf] la6f af]Sg] dfG5] . cufnf] gf) [;+) cfln
\ug] != :g]x jf c
fTdLotf hgfpg s;}nfO{ b'j} xftn] Rofk] cfgf] 5ftLdf 6fF:g] sfd cfTdLotf jf lgs6tf h
gfpg Psn] csf{sf] jf Pscsf{sf] sfFwdf xft fVg] sfd cfln\ug c\sdfn c\ufnf] . @= b'O{
km}nfP RofKg ;lsg] kldf0f afxfFelsf] kldf0f (Ps cFufnf] bfpf, Ps cFufnf] 3fF;, cFufnf
lsf] v O)) . ~ lbg' 6') le8\g' . (pbf) lgwf{n] alnofnfO{ cFufnf] lbg ;Qm}g .) ~ dfg{
'xfNg' 6') c\sdfn ug'{ . cFu'7L gf)x]) cf}F7L . cFu7 ' f] gf) [k|f) c+u'f] < ;+) c\u
] != xft jf v'fsf] b'O{ cfFVnf ePsf] df]6f] cf}Fnf] a"9L cf}Fnf] cf}F7f] . @= cFu'7
fsf] 5fk NofKr] ;xL . cu]7L gf) [k|f) cluf] < ;+) clUgli7sf] cfuf] tfKgfsf lglDt k|o
f]u x'g], af]s] rfx]sf 7fpFdf nlug] df6f] jf wft'sf] efF8f] af];L{ dsn c6n . cu ] g
kf]y|f] xf]rf], kft ftf]ftf] tyf ;fgf] u]8f ftf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ljiffn' jg:klt s]xL
dfqfdf u'lnof], tdtdfpFbf] a];L dfqfdf vfFbf ljiffn', j:t'efpn] vfFbf c; ug]{ jg:
klt jg:kltsf] kmn . cu ] L gf) r}tdf kfplng], kfpnf] nfUbf ftf] efjsf] b]lvg] kl5 x
sf xlof] kft x'g], Njf
sf cfsfsf bfgf kmNg], j:t'efpn] kfn'jf vfFbf k]6 9fl8g] To;sf
] c;n] dg{ klg ;Sg] jg:klt . cuf]5f gf) zL k'5\g] jf s5f8h:tf] uL a]lg] ?dfn uD5f
5f . cr]6\g' ;) lqm) != s;}dfly bafa lbg' jzdf Nofpg' . @= s'g} nlrnf] j:t'nfO{ a];L
lyRg' 3r]6g \ ' 7]Ng' . > cr6 ] fO gf) cFr6 ] g \ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cr]6fOg'
) lqm) cFr]6\g nfOg' . cr]6fpg' k|) ] lqm) cFr6 ] g \ nfpg' Roflkg] kfg'{ . crl ] 6g
' s) lqm) cFr6 ] g \ ] sfd ulg'

crn ] fc+z' Roflkg' . crn ] f gf) [;+) c~rn] v]tsf ufsf 5]pdf df6f] y'kfL agfOPsf] cf
Lsf] dflyNnf] efu . ch'n\g' ;) lqm) [cFhn ' L g'] != cFhn ' Ln] kfgL, cGg cflb j:t' x
'ofpg' . @= s'g} j:t' cFh'nLdf eg'{ . #= b'O6f k; hf]8\g' cFh'nL kfg'{ . > ch'nfO gf)
cFh'Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . chl ' ng' s) lqm) cFh'Ng] sfd ulg' . chn ' L gf) [;+
) c~hln] != b'O{ pQfgf xTs]nf hf]8L cf}n F fx s]xL s'Ko|fP vf]rL jf a6'sf]h:tf] vf
]laN6f] kflPsf] l:ylt . @= k|fy{gf ubf{ pko'{Qm lsl;dn] b'O{ xTs]nf hf]8\bf x'g]
d'b|f . #= b'O{ xTs]nf hf]8L agfOPsf] vfN6felsf] s'g} j:t'sf] kldf0f (Ps cFh'nL kf
gL, Ps cFh'nL k"mn O)) c~hnL s;Dk'6 . ~ hf]8g \ ' 6') laGtLefp ug'{ . ~ yfKg' + sfcG
u{t d]sf 6') g]xf]f uL dfUg' . ~ lbg' 6') d[To';: JolQmsf] ;Demgfdf cFh'nLel ltns'z;l
xt kfgL lbg' . c6fO gf) [cfF6 \ cfO] cfF6\g] sfd jf k|lqmof . cl7g' c) lqm) [cfF7 O
= csf{sf] kGhfleq k'Ug' kjz x'g' . @= s'g} aGwgn] Roflkg', sl;g' jf dl:sg' . cl7of g
f) u'bLdf dLr h:tf sfnf bfgf af]qmfdf skf;sf] laofFdf x'g] h:tf] e'm; nfUg] Ps hf
tsf] s]f . c7fO gf) [ c7fp - cfO_] cF7fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] c7fOg' s) l
d ulg' s]lkg' . c7fp g' ;) lqm) [cfF7] ofp g'] != gpDsg] uL bx|f; ] u F ;dfpg' h
g{' jf lyRg' . (pbf) efOrfn] ;fyLsf] 3f]qmf] cF7fof] .) @= c s;}nfO{ cfgf] kGhfdf kf
g'{ s]Kg' (pbf) bfh'n] s'fdf cF7fPsfn] pgL s]xL af]Ng ;s]gg\) . cl8 gf) [;+) P08]
l8n . != ;fts'g] kft ePsf], e'mKkfdf kmn kmNg], ftf] jf ;]tf] 8fF7 ePsf], kmnaf6
t]n lgsflng] kftrflxF ];dsf sLfnfO{ v'jfOg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . @= To;} jg:kltsf] kmn
. (o; kmnsf] t]n h'nfkmsf lglDt k|of]u ulG5 .) c8j ' f lj) [;+) c08pjf] != hxjft eO{
jf :jtM 7"nf cfF8f x'g] 7"nf] c08sf]if ePsf] cfF8fjfn cfF8] . @= v;L gkf]sf] g;'d]sf
(;fF9], ax, af]sf], 3f]8f] cflb) . ct]\g' ;) lqm) != s;}nfO{ nv]6\t} 5]St} nuL leQf]
, s'g' jf cK7ff]df k'ofO{ jzdf kfg'{ s;}nfO{ n8fO{ zLsf vf;vf; efudf 3'F8fn] 6]sL xnr
ug{ glbO{ sfon kfg'{ . @= oftgf lbO{ cTofpg' . > ct]fO gf) cFtg ] {] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . ctl ] g' c)lqm) cFt]g]{ sfd ulg' cFr]l6g' . cw] gf) [ cFWof] k|sfzsf]
t'sf] oyfy{ 1fg gePh:t} ;dfhdf jf fHodf ljj]sljrfz"Go eO{ cGwsf
2

ePsf] cj:yf Gofolg;fkm x'g g;s]sf] / st{Jocst{Jo jf c;n vfasf] 5fgljrf geO{ hyfefaL
] l:ylt ljleGg k| s fn] ePsf] cGwsfsf] JoflKt b[li6ljxLgtf cGw] (pbf) oxfF lbp;} cFw
f] . o:tf] cFw] ;xg ;lsFb}g .) . lj) @= cFw]f] cGwsf . > cw]L gf) != ;lwPsf xfQL, 3f
cflbsf] cfFvfdf nufOg] kbf{ . lj) @= s[i0fkIfsf] sfnf] 3fd gl5L cFWoff] x'g] (cFw]L
t, cFw]L vf]nf, cFw]L kfvf, cFw]L jg O)) . cw]f] gf)lj) [ cFWoff]] cGwsf cFWoff
[ ;+ ) cGwsf ] cF W off] . vfp8]vfp8f] lj) cFWofd'v] . d'v] lj) cFWoff] d'v eP
cFWoff] d'v nfpg] 3f];] . cWoff] gf) [k|f) cGwsff] < ;+) cGwsf] != k|sfzsf] cefj pH
f] cefj dlngtf . lj) @= pHofnf] gePsf] lg:t]h pHh gePsf] d8\lsnf] . (pbf) cFWoff] d'
fpg' dg cFWoff] x'g' of] n'ufsf]
cFWoff] 5 O).) cWoffsf] sfd, vf]nfsf] uLt (pvfg)
sf] h3f 6') e]p gkfO{ ulPsf] sfd . ck gf) != dbf{kbf{ bfg ulg] cDvf]fsf] cfsfsf] e
@= df6fsf] efF8f] . c+z gf) [;+)] != efu lx:;f v08 6'qmf . @= bfh'efO jf cGo c+l;ofs
f aLr x'g] hfoh]yfsf] efuaG8f ;f] efuaG8fcGtu{tsf] Ps v08 . #= ul0ftdf leGgsf] ;
\V
of jf c
\s j[Qsf kllwsf] #^) efudWo] Ps efu . $= d]if, j[if cflb flzsf ef]Uosfnsf] tL
; efusf] Ps efu . %= rGb|dfsf] ;f]x| v08dWo] Ps v08 . ^= ;+:yfg, lgud, sDkgL cfl
bdf clws[t k'FhLcGtu{t lglZrt sdsf] Ps lx:;f . &= ;
\uLtdf fusf] lj:tf jf yf6 k|s6 x'
g] :j . tM lqm)lj) s]xL c+zdf s]xL xb;Dd s]xL dfqfdf ck"0f{ kdf . (pbf) pxfF sljtf
gf6sdf c+ztM ;kmn x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{+sf] s'f c+ztM ;To xf] .) ljk) k"0f{tM . ~ bfg g
f) s'g} :yfgLo, If]qLo, fli6o jf cGtf{li6o ;fdflhs, wfld{s cflb ;+:yf jf sf]ifdf cfgf
clwsfsf] c+z ck{g] sfd cfk"mn] kfPsf c+zsf] bfg . w gf) s'g} pBf]uJoj;fo jf cGo k|s
fsf cfly{s sff]af;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yf cflbdf k'FhL nufpg] JolQm lx:;]bf ;fem]bf c+l;of
q gf) c+zaG8fsf] sfut aG8fkq . ~ av]8f gf) c+zsf] afF8kmfF8 jf efuaG8f ;DaGwL slr\un
. aG8f gf) c+l;ofxsf aLrdf x]sf] ;uf]nsf] >L;DklQsf] afF8kmfF8 . efuL gf) c+zsf] x
. > c+zfjtf gf) eujfg\sf] jf dxfk'?ifsf] c+z lnP hGd]sf] JolQm cjtfL JolQm . c+z ' gf
[;+)] ;"o{sf] ls0f k|sfz Hof]lt . dfg\ gf)

c+;cst{Jo csa gf) [c)] dWosfnLg eftsf d'unj+zL Ps k|l;4 ;d|f6\ (zf;g lj);+) !^!@ !^^
). > csaL lj) != csasf] h:tf] cyf{t\ pDbf c;n pQd jf pTs[i6 . @= gDaL (;'g) . csaL ;
fO{ s;L nfpg'kb}{g (pvfg) . csa] lj) != 8Nnf] vfnsf] Hofb} lkf] (vf];f{gL) fFu] cAa
gf) @= ;f]xL hftsf] vf];f{gL . csafn gf) [c) Osjfn] != P]Zjo{ . @= k|tfk . #= rsr
sL . (pbf) n\sfsf] csafn\ ;'gf}F t klxn] s:tf] 5 t]:sf] tvt\ . efg'eQm .) csds gf) [
c) d")] != cfg]sfg] bf]dg . @= bf]wf lljwf . > csdsfO gf) csdsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . csdsfOg' c)lqm) csdsfpg] sfd x'g' csdSs klg' . csdsfpg' c) lqm) csdSs kg]{ l:y
lt x'g' o;f] eg"F ls p;f] eg"F eP cndlng' . csdlsg' c) lqm) csdSs kg'{ ls+st{Joljd"9
x'g' . csdSs lqm)lj) != lhNn lhNnffd . lqm)lj) @= bf]wfdf k] lhNnffd eP . csdSofO
fO . csdSofOg' s) lqm) csdlsg] ufOg', csdSs kflg' . csdSofpg' k|) ] lqm) csdlsg] ufpg
' csdSs kfg'{ . cslDkt lj) [;+)] != gsfDg] l:y gxlNnPsf] g8u]sf] . @= g8fPsf] . cs
[;+ ) ] != ;sfL jf u} ;sfL s, kf] t , z' N s cflb gnfUg] s ldgfxf ePsf] . @= xft
f] xftlxt . #= ;'F8 gePsf] . cs@ gf) != c;lhnf] jf cK7ff] l:ylt cSs . @= vfFrf] ;f
|f] . cssfcssnf gf) [;+) cfsse] lkf] kkofpg] :jfb x'g], udL{ a9fpg], bfFt b'v]s
gf; h:tf f]udf cf]vtLsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] jg:kltljz]if . cs0f gf) [;+)] != lqmofkbsf
] s0f cy{sf] ljkLt lgif]w cy{ .@= lqmofkbsf] s0f ksf] ljkLt lgif]wfTds k . #= jfSosf]
p2]Zo;Fu ;DalGwt ljw]osf] cy{sf] v08g jf lgif]w (h:tf] s0f M fd 3 hfG5 cs0fM fd 3 h
} O)) . cs0fL gf) ul0ftdf ju{d"n gx'g] ;
\Vof . ~ c
\s gf) ul0ftdf ju{d"nsf] lx;fadf z]
if xg] c
\s (h:t} *, !), !%, !&, @$, @^ O)) . cs0fLo lj) [;+)] ug{ cg'lrt ug{ gx'g] c
Jo . cs?0f lj) [;+)] s?0ff jf bofsf] efjgf gePsf] lgi7'L lgb{oL . cs0f{ gf) x]) csg{
. cst{Jo lj) [;+)] != g}lts ;Ldf jf dof{bfn] ug{ g;'xfpg] ug{ gx'g] cg'lrt . gf) @
= gfd|f] sfo{ s'st{Jo .

;"o{ . dfnL gf) ;"o{ . jdf{ gf) g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df lnR5ljsfnsf Ps k|l;4 zf;s g]kfnsf
fli6o lje"ltdWo] Ps cfDedf fhf lzjb]j;Fu ldnL dxf;fdGtsf x}l;otn] ;+oQ ' m kdf clG
;dodf fhfsf kdf g} zf;g ug]{ Ps lnR5ljsfnLg zf;s . { L c+; gf) [;+) c+z] x]) c+z .
> c+l;of gf) != k'Vof}n ;DklQ jf ;uf]nsf] ;DklQdf c+z kfpg] clwsf ePsf] JolQm c+zsf]
xsbf c+zsf] clwsfL c+zefuL . @= sfg'gL kdf c+z kfpg] j+zxsf] ;d"x, h:tf] c+l;ofa+
c+l;ofL lj) c+l;of;DaGwL c+l;ofsf] . c+:ofxf gf) s'g} ;+:yfg, lgud, sDkgL jf sff]af
clws[t k'FhLdf lglZrt lx:;f ePsf] JolQm pQm lx:;fsf] gftfn] x'g cfpg] xs bfloTj e
Psf] JolQm . cp lgkf) s;}nfO{ xftsf] xfpefp;lxt ;Daf]wg ubf{ jf af]nfpFbf k|of]u
ulg] cfXjfg;\s]t P (pbf) cp, sfG5f slxn] cfO;\ <) . cC0fL lj) [;+) c C0fL] C0f gePsf
ltl;s]sf] C0fd'Qm pC0f . ljk) C0fL . cs6 gf) [;+) cs[t] != uL jf guLsg klcfPsf] cK7
:yf . @= k"f guL gx'g] vfFrf] . (pbf) dnfO{ k};fsf] cs6 kof] .) . ~ ljs6 lj) ug{ jf ;
FefNg ufx|f] kg]{ ;fx|f]ufx|f] ufx|f];fF3'f] cK7ff] . > csl6nf] lj) cK7ff] k]sf]
cs8 gf) [;+) cs[t] x]) cs6 cSs8 . cs8das8d gf) x]) cu8dau8d . cs8fO gf) [ cs8 ( cfO
l8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cs8fOg' s) lqm) cs8df kflg' cs8fOg' . cs8fpg' c)lq
m) != csl8g] x'g' . k|]) lqm) @= cs8df kfg'{ csl8g nfpg' cs8fpg' . csl8g' c) lqm) !=
cfgf sfds'fdf 86] c8fg lng' l9kL ug]{ x'g' . @= c8\ef\u] eP a:g' 7l{g' . #= s7f\
. cs8L lj) cs8 lng] l9kLjfn . cs8fO gf) csl8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cs8fOg' s) lq
) csl8g nfOg' 86fOg' . cs8fpg' k|) ] lqm) csl8g] kfg'{ csl8g nfpg' . cs06s lj) [;+)]
!= sfF8f gePsf] . @= s'g} afwfljf]w jf 8 cflb gePsf] . #= chftzq' zq'lxt . csygLo lj)
[;+)] j0f{g ug{ jf eGg g;lsg] aflx k|s6 ug{ g;lsg] csYo . cslyt lj) [;+)] gelgPsf] j0
f{g gulPsf] cg'Qm . csYo lj) [;+)] x]) csygLo . csk6 lj) [;+)] != w'Tof{OF gePsf] hfn
em]n ghfGg] jf gug]{ v'nf jf ;kmf dg ePsf] . @= xSsL .

csg{cs'nfpg' csg{ gf) [kmf)] != d'n'sLvfgf cflbdf s'g} s'f lglZrt ;dodf a'emfpFnf e
gL ;t{;lxt cfn] ufPsf] sa'lnotsf] sfut . @= sfof{nodf ;flasjfnf sd{rfLn] xfnjfnf jf
axfnjfnf sd{rfLnfO{ cfgf] lhDdfsf] ;;fdfg, sfuhft cflb a'emfpFbf a'g]n] n]lvlbg] sf
uh Ps lsl;dsf] ekfO{ . csd{ gf) [;+)] != sd{sf] cefj . @= ug{ cof]Uo sfd . #= vfa sf
d s'sd{ . $= If'b| sd{ gLr sd{ b'isd{ . csd{s lj) [;+)] Jofs0fsf cg';f csd{s wft' jf
qmofsf] ;\s]t ug]{ . ~ lqmof gf) cy{ k"f x'gfsf lglDt sd{sf] cfjZostf gkg]{ lqmof st
f{sf] sfo{Jofkfsf] kmn stf{df g} 6'\lug] lqmof . csd{0o lj) [;+)] != s]xL klg sfd g
ug]{ lgsDdf cN5L lglij|mo . @= s'g} klg pNn]vgLo jf ;fy{s sfd ug{ g;Sg] a]sf Joy{ .
gf) csd{0o x'g] rfn, cj:yf jf l:ylt lgliqmotf . csn gf) [c) cSn] s'g} klg sfd l56f
]5ltf] kdf ug]{ jf tfTsflns ;d:of 6fg{ ;Sg] ;'ema'em s'zntfk"0f{ ;dem h'lSt cSsn clSs
. u'd lj) != xf]; xfPsf] ;'ema'em gePsf] . gf) @= xf]; xfPsf] jf ;'ema'em gePsf] cj
:yf . (pbf) cr]n pgsf] csnu'd ePsf] 5 .) bf lj) != csn ePsf] a'l4 k'ofP sfd ug]{ . @
l;kfn' . dGb lj) csn ePsf] csnbf . csn'lift lj) [;+)] != lgd{n :jR5 . @= s'g} k|sf
b'ef{jgf gePsf] ;kmf x[bosf] . cslNkt lj) [;+)] != sNkgf g} ug{ g;lsg] sNkgftLt lrt
fpFb} glrtfOPsf] ;f]Rt} g;f]lrPsf] . @= csfNklgs . csNof0f gf) [;+)] csf{sf] s'enf
] lrtfpg] jf ug]{ sfd si6 jf b'Mv lbg] sfd s'enf] . cs:dft\ lqm)lj) [;+)] s]s;L ePsf]
xf] yfxf gkfO{ crfgs PsfPs ckem{6 . csf6 lj) [;+)] != v08g ug{ g;lsg] . @= c;To g7xl
] . #= sf6\g g;lsg] . csfd gf) [;+)] != ug{ gx'g] sfd s'sd{ vfa sfd . lj) @= fu, ]if
flb s'g} klg kIfsf] rfxgf gePsf] jLtfuL j}}fuL lgisfd . csfo lj) [;+)] != zL gePsf]
gf) @= cg\u sfdb]j . csf gf) [;+)] c :jj0f{ . @= c :jj0f{sf] pRrf0f . csf0f l
s'g} klg sf0fljgf lagl;lQ . lj) @= sf0f gePsf] lgfwf . gf) #= sf0fsf] cefj . csffl
[;+)] ;'?df c ePsf] c af6 k|fDe ePsf] . qmd gf) j0f{dfnfdf c b]lv x ;Ddsf j0f{
g] qmd .
4

csffGt lj) [;+)] cGTodf c :jj0f{ x'g] -zAb h:t} s[i0f, j;Gt O)_ . csfy{ gf) [;+) c
y] { != sf0fsf] cefj k|of]hgsf] cefj . lqm)lj) @= ljgfsf0f Joy}{df . csfn gf) [;+)] !
= clgsfn . @= vfa ;do . lj) #= ;do gk'u]sf] b'3{6gf cflbdf k]sf] c;fdlos . ~ d0fd[To'
f) ;do gk'uL jf b'36 { gfdf kL ePsf] d0f cfsl:ds d[To' . (pbf) p;sf] csfn d0f jf d[To
' eof] . ) csf; gf) [;+) cfsfz] != a|Xdf08sf] k[YjL, t]h, hn jfo'lxt cj:yf cGtlIf cf
fz ge ;u uug . @ :ju{ b]jnf]s . sf] rf v;fNg' 6') c;Dejh:tf] sfd klg k"f ug{' .
f) b'n{e j:t' c;Dej s'f] . csf;sf] kmn, cfvf tL d\ (pvfg) . ~ kQfn gf) != cfsfz kft
. @= k'mtL{kmftL{ ldl;Psf] syg . ~ aQL gf) sflt{s s[i0f k|ltkbfb]lv sflt{s k"l0f{
df;Dd t'n;Lsf] ln
\ufdf aflng] bLk cfsfzaQL . ~ a]nL gf) cfsfza]nL ;'gnxf] . csfl;g'
lqm) [csf; Og'] != csf;df dflydfly p8\b} hfg' . @= ;tx jf hLjgsf] oyfy{af6 axlsg'
. #= ;DklQsf] dfqf, j:t'sf] df]n cflb j[l4 x'g' . csf;] lj) [csf; P] != csf;;DaGwL
. @= lxF8\bf cfFvf dfly kfg]{ . #= cfsfzaf6 k]sf] kfgL jf emLdf cfl>t (v]tL) . $=
gLnf] sf] . ~ v]tL gf) csf;af6 k]sf] kfgLsf] edf x'g] v]tL . ~ j[lQ gf) lglZrttf;fy c
o jf hLljsf gx'g] l:ylt clglZrt k];f . csf:ofO gf) [ csfl;( ofO) csfl;g] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] csf:ofOg' c) lqm) csfl;g] kfl/g' . csf:ofpg' k|]) lqm) csfl;g]
kfg'{ csfl;g nfpg' csf;df p8fpg' . cls~rg lj) [;+)] != wgljxLg blb| . @= :jf:Yo, ;fwg
, zlQm cflbn] xLg c;xfo aa'f] . cs'07f gf) [;+)] dfgl;s cjf]w jf s'l07t x'g] cj:yfsf]
cefj afwfJojwfg gx'g] l:ylt jf ;f] l:yltsf] af]w . > cs'l07t lj) != s'07flxt . @=
afwflxt lgjf]w lgaf{w . cs't lj) ljk'n cklldt olt g} 5 eGg] cg'dfg ug{ g;lsg] ek
[;+)] a]7u ] fgsf] s'n gLr s'n ck|ltli7t s'n . cs'nfO gf) [ cs'nfp ( cfO)] cs'nfpg] l
qmof, k|lqmof jf l:ylt . [ > ] cs'nfOg' s) lqm) cfs'n kflg' . cs'nfpg' c) lqm) [;+)
cfs'ncfpg'] cfs'n x'g' cflQg' x8a8fpg' . > cs'nfx6 gf) cfs'n x'g] kfg]{ l:ylt,

cs"tcIf slNkt ljefhs ]vf . qmL8f gf) kf;fsf] v]n . cIft lj) [;+)] != st} 3fprf]6 gnf
]sf] . @= glalu|Psf] Ifo gePsf] . #= cIftf c5]tf . ~ of]lg lj) of]lg Ift gePsL k'?if
l;t ;dfud gePsL s'dfL . cIftf gf) [;+)] != rfdnsf ;Unf u]8f b]jlkt[sfo{df r9fpg, k"hf
ug{ jf 6Lsf nufpg k|of]u ulg] rfdnsf lehfOPsf u]8f hf]vgf cflbdf k|of]u ulg] rfdns
f u]8f c5]tf . lj) @= ;Def]ulqmofff of]lg Ift gePsL s'dfL . cIfd lj) [;+)] Ifdtf gePs
] cof]Uo c;dy{ . tf gf) cIfd x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf c;dy{tf czQmtf . cIfdf gf) [;+)]
c;xgzLntf Ifdfsf] cefj . @= lgi7'Lkgf lgi7'tf . cIfdfnf gf)[;+)] != ufoqL jf s'g} dGq
hKtf hk;\Vofsf] uGtL ug{ agfOPsf] dfnf hkdfnf . @= ?b|fIfsf] bfgfsf] dfnf . #= jl
;i7 ClifsL kTgL . cIfDo lj) [;+)] != dfkmL lbg g;lsg] jf gx'g] . @= ;xg g;lsg] .
~ ckfw gf) Ifdf lbg gx'g] jf g;lsg] ckfw . cIfo lj) [;+)] != gfz gx'g] cljgfzL . @= s
lxNo} g36\g] . s'df gf) fj0fsf] sfG5f] 5f]f] . ~ sf]if gf) != hlt vr{ u] klg g;lsg]
fgf . @= vr{ gug]{ egL cnUu flvPsf] sf]if . ~ t[tLof gf) j}zfv dlxgfsf] z'SnkIfsf]
t];|f] ltly jf ;f] ltlysf lbgsf] kj{ljz]if . ~ gjdL gf) ;Too'u cfDe ePsf] lbgsf kd
f ljZjf; ulPsf] Ps gjdL ltly sflt{s z'Sn gjdL s'idf08gjdL . j6 gf) k|ofudf u\uf od
ldl;Psf] 7fpFdf kg]{ jsf] Ps k|frLg k|l;4 v . cIfo lj) [;+)] gfz ug{ g;lsg] cIfo .
cIfof]bs gf) lxGb"xff >f4df lk08bfgkl5 lkt[xsf] cIfo t[lKtsf lglDt r9fOg] hn . cIf
;+)] != keGbf ;fgf] WjlgeGbf 7"nf] WjGofTds PsfO . (pbf) O, ;f\ O)) @= zAbsf] jf zA
bf+zsf cfjfhsf] Pp6} k|of;df pRrlt x'g], k|foM Jo~hg;lxt jf lxt :j ePsf] l;\uf] Wjlg
jf Wjlg;d"x cR5] . #= O{Zj kdfTdf a|Xd . lj) $= gfz gx'g] cljgfzL . hLjL lj) n]vk
f hLp kfNg] k9\g ] k9fpg] sfd u] hLjgj[lQ ug]{ . Gof; gf) tflGqs k"hfkf7df cfgf c\
usf] Iffsf lglDt tL c\uk|To\usf b]jtfxl;t ;DalGwt cIfxsf] :yfkgf . ~ kQL gf) afSnf]
hdf cIf n]lvPsf] 6'qmf cIfl;sfO jf lrgfLsf nflu lzIf0f;fdu|Lsf kdf k|of]u ulg] cIfc
sfut . ~ ljGof; gf) j0f{ljGof; lxHh]

efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cs"t lj) x]) cs't . cs[t1 lj) [;+)] csf{n] nufPsf] u'g jf
pksfk|lt cfefL gx'g] a}ug ' L s[tg . cs]nf lj) [ ;+) Psn] ;fydf sf]xL gePsf] PSnf]
cSs8! gf)[ ;+) cs6] s'g} s'fdf Psf]xf]f] lsl;dn] lnOg] lh2L l9kL x7 cs8 . cSs8@ k|To
jz]if0f agfpgsf nflu cfpg] Ps s[t\ k|Too (3'dSs8, a]fnSs8 O)) . cSs g aSs lqm)lj)
[(l)) g aSs] cSsnu'd OGt' g lrGt' csdSs lhNnffd . cSs gf) != otfplt hfg g;lsg] cK7f
L, kxf] cflb ePsf] ljs6 7fpF cs . @= s] ug]{, s;f] ug]{ eGg] cK7ff] l:ylt sl7gfO . >
slnf] lj) hfg k'Ug g;lsg] cSs k]sf] cK7ff] . cSsn gf) [c) cSn] s'g} cK7ff] l:ylt
'Nemfpg] bIftf hl6neGbf hl6n sfd klg kmQ] kfg]{ v'aL a'l4 rt'ofOF ;dem . bf lj) cS
dGb lj) cSsnL . > cSsnL lj) cSsn ePsf] l;kfn' a'l4dfg\ csnL . cS6f]k; gf) [c\)] n
cf7j6f v'f x'g], ;f9] c7f k'm6;Dd nfdf], u'nfkmL sf] lx+;|s hnr . cS6f]a gf) [c\)]
hsf] cfwfcfwLb]lv sflQssf] cfwfcfwL;Dd kg],{ u|u ] f]L kfqf]cg';fsf] PstL;lbg] dlx
gf pSt kfqf]cg';f b;f}F dlxgf . clStof/ gf) x]) clVtof/ . cqmg' c) lqm) != s'g} s'f]
qmSs kg'{ s7f\lu|g' . @= 3dG8 ug'{ cledfg ug'{ . cqmd lj) [;+)] qmd gldn]sf] l;nl;nf
ePsf] . tf gf) 7fpFdf gk] kbsf] qmd gldNg] x'b F f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfJobf]if qmdljxL
tf . > cqmdfltzof]lSt gf) cn\sfzf:qcg';f sfo{ sf0fsf] Ps};fy cyjf klxn] sfo{ kl5 sf
f] pNn]v x'b F f kg]{ Ps cn\sf cltzof]lQm cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . cqmfO gf) [ cqm ( cfO)]
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof sqmSskfO . [ >] cqmfOg' s) lqm) cqmg] kfg'{ sSo|fOg' . cqmfp
g' k|) ] lqm) cqmg] kfg'{ sSo|fpg' . cqmfx6 gf) cqmfO . clqmg' c) lqm) cqmg' slqmg' .
cqm" lj) [;+)] != qm" jf lgi7' :jefj gePsf] bof ePsf] bofn' . gf) @= s[i0fsf sfsf ty
;Nnfxsfsf] gfd . cIf gf) [;+)] != kf;f . @= kf
\u|fsf] Kjfndf xfNg] 8fF8L w'f . #= k[
YjLsf] pQL w|'jb]lv blIf0fL w|'j;Dd lvlrPsf]

cIffTdsclVtof lvKtL jt{gL . zM lqm)lj) != PsPs cIf u] Ps cIf klg g5f8Lsg . @=

afO{ . (pbf) xg'dfg\ fdsf] cf1f cIfzM kfng uy]{ .) ~ ;\3ft gf) != ljlrq cy{ klldt
sf] plSt x'g] gf6ssf] Pp6f nIf0f . @= s7f] Wjlg pRrf0f ubf{ cfOkg]{ cK7]f] . cIffTds
lj) [;+)] cIfsf] ;[hgf ug]{ ljz]iftf ePsf] . ~ lnlk gf) :jsf] ;xfotfn] dfq n]Vg ;ls
g] cIf jf j0f{ ePsf] lnlk (b]jgfuL, a|fXdL, a\ufnL O)) . cIffDe gf) [;+)] != afnsnfO{
k9fpg k|fDe ufpg] Ps wfld{s sd{ j}lbs k4ltcg';f ulg] ;f]x| ;+:sfdWo] Ps . @= cIf jf
ksf cWoogsf] cfDe . + ] k[YjL jf To;sf] dfglrqdf pQL w|j ' b]lv cIf]vf gf) [;+) blIf
0fL w|'j;Dd tflgPsf] slNkt ]vf cIf . cIf]lk lqm) lj) [;+)] sd;DaGwL n]gb]gsf sfutdf c
snfO{ k'li6 lbgsf nflu cIfdf c\s hgfpg'eGbf klxn] k|of]u ulg] zAb cIfdf klg . (pbf) d
n] cfhsf ldltdf ?= !)) cIf]lk Ps ;o ;fk6 lnPsf] 7Ls ;fFrf] xf] .) . cIfzfnf gf) [;+)]
h'jf v]nfpgsf lglDt Joj:yf ulPsf] 3 . cIff+z gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] cIf e"dWo]vfsf] ;df
gfGtdf sf]lg ;Sg] slNkt ]vfdWo] s'g} Ps e"dWo]vf w'j | tffsf dfemsf] sf]l0fs b"L .
j) [;+)] Iff kbfy{ jf g'gsf] c+z gePsf] IffleGg . ~ nj0f gf) vfgLaf6 lg:s]sf] g'g ;d'
b|L g'gafx]ssf] cGo g'g (l;w]gg ' , ef]6g ] g ' ). clIf gf) [;+)] != cfFvf g]q . @
= cfFVnf] . cIfL0f lj) [;+) + ] IfL0f gePsf] glvOPsf] k'i6 df]6f] . cIf'00f lj) [;+)]
!= g6'6]sf] gv'Fl8Psf] . @= Jojwfglxt nuftf . tf gf) nuftf eOxg] jf ulg] efj s'
ljgf rlnxg] efj gv'Fl8g] jf gv'Fl8Psf] cj:yf cv08tf . cIff]e gf) [;+)] Iff]e, l; jf c
;Gtf]ifsf] cefj . > cIff]Eo lj) != 8ufpg g;lsg] pQ]lht kfg{ g;lsg] . @= cljrlnt .
gf) #= kfFr dxfa'4dWo] bf];|f . cIff}lx0fL gf) [;+)] != k|frLg eftLo ;]gfsf] ;a}eG
bf 7"nf] PsfO . @= 3f]8r9L, x:Toff]xL, k}bn uL hDdf !,)(,#%) of]4f x'g] ;}lgs;d"x
. cS; lqm)lj) [c)] w]}h;f] k|foM . clS;hg gf) [c\)] \ulxt, lgu{Gw UofF;o'Qm jftf
u k~rdf+z dfqf ePsf], hLjhGt' jg:kltsf] ;f; km]g]{ sfddf , k|f0fLsf] zLdf tfk lbg]
sfddf cfuf] aNg] sfddf ;3fp k'ofpg] ;fogzf:qdf
O2 sf
6

kdf ;+l1t x'g] tj pb\hg k|f0fjfo' cd[tjfo' . cvr gf) h'g;'s} j:t' jf cj:yfaf6 kg{ cfp
] cK7ff] l:ylt . > cvlrnf] lj) ufx|f];fF3'f] klxg] vfFrf] kg]{ . cv6f] gf) [;+) cfI
= v jf lefnf] kxf8 r9\bf pSng cf]n{gsf lglDt v'f 6]Sg agfOPsf] vf]laN6f] . @= 8f]Lsf
jf sf7sf] ln:g' . cv gf) != lgs} 7"nf] vfFrf] jf cefj . lqm)lj) @= Hofb} lgs} . (p
bf) dnfO{ b; ?lkofFsf] cv kof] . ) . cv8f gf) [k|f) cSvcf8f] > ;+) cIfjf6] != s;t ug]
{ jf s':tL cflb l;Sg] 7fpF cvf8f . @= hf]uL, kmls, uFh8L jf h'jf8L cflb e]nf x'g]
7fpF . #= s'g} Joj;fo jf bnsf JolQmx y'lk|Psf] 7fpF . (pbf) Tof] 7fpF rf]sf] cv8f l
yof] .) . $= dgf]~hg ug]{ 7fpF . cv08 lj) [;+)] != g6'lqmPsf] c6'6 l;\uf] . @= afwflj
]w jf f]s6f]s gePsf] . tf gf) c6'6kgf l;\uf] cj:yf jf k . > cv08gLo lj) != 6'So|fpg
cnUofpg g;lsg] . @= sf6\g g;lsg] (ts{, jfSo, syg O)) . cvl08t lj) [;+)] v08g geP
sf] vl08t gePsf] . ~ k|tLtkq gf) Ps Aof\sn] csf]{ Aof\ssf gfpFdf kmnfgf cfoftstf{sf
] olt ?lkofFn] vfd];Ddsf] r]s, 8f6 jf x'G8L :jLsf ug"{ tyf lgsf;Lstf{nfO{ sdsf] e'Qm
fgL lbg" egL n]lvPsf], lgsf;Lstf{ff k|tLtkq vf]lnPsf] Aof\ssf] sa'lnot;d]t uflePsf]
x'g] lgsf;Lstf{sf] clu|d cg'dltljgf v08g jf vf]hL x'g g;Sg] kq . cvg] gf) [cvfg P]
bfOFsf] kfn tfGg] sfd ulg] c\s; ' ] nL . cvaf gf) [c)] b}lgs, ;fKtflxs cflb lglZrt ;d
df lgl:sg] vasf ;fy} ;DkfbsLo, l6Kk0fL, n]v, lj1fkg cflb 5flkPsf] sfut vasfut ;dfrfkq
. > cvafL lj) != cvaf;DaGwL . @= cvafdf lbOPsf] jf ePsf] . cvf8f gf) x]) cv8f . cvfB
lj) [;+)] != vfg gx'g] . gf) @= vfg gx'g] j:t' . #= vfFbf zLnfO{ clxt ug]{ j:t' s'v
fB . cvfg'cvfgf] lj) [;+) cIffGt] != cldNbf] ;\s6df kflPsf] csf0f pNemgsf] l:yltdf k
f] . (pbf) sfd laufg]{ JolQm cvfg' x'g' :jfefljs 5 .) . gf) @= To:tf] l:yltdf k]sf
] JolQm cleof]Ho JolQm . clvn lj) [;+)] k|To]ssf] ;a}nfO{ ;d]6\g] ;Dk"0f{ ;du| ;ff (
n g]kfn /fli6o :jtGq ljBfyL{ o'lgog, clvn g]kfn dlxnf ;\3 O)) . clVtof gf)[c)] != lg
odsfg'gff lbOPsf] clwsf xs clStof/ . @= clwsfIf]q . #= k|e'Tj ;fdYo{ . ~ b'?kof]u c
fg cfof]u gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] ;+ljwfg,

cv|g'cu'jf hftsf] w"kL cu? . @= pQm w"kLsf] sf7 . #= w"kLsf] kft jf sf7 ld;fO{ agfP
sf] w"k . aQL gf) l;Gsfdf cusf] n]k nufOPsf] w"k l;Gs] w"k . cu? gf) x]) cu/ . cunau
n lqm)lj) [(l)) aun] bfofFafofF jk 5]p5fp . cu:t gf) [c\)] u|]uf]L kfqf]cg';f jif
}F dlxgf To;cg';f ;fpgsf] kl5Nnf] cfwf efu ebf}sf] cluNnf] cfwf efudf kg]{ PstL;lb
g] dlxgf . cul:t gf) [;+)] != ldqfj?0fn] pj{zLnfO{ b]Vbf ktg ePsf] jLo{ s'Dedf kb
f{ hGd]sf elgg] Ps Clif s'Deof]lg k'f0fdf jl0f{t syfcg';f ;d'b|sf] ;Dk"0f{ hn kfg ug
]{ Ps Clif uf]qk|jt{s cg]s ClifdWo] Ps . @= Ps tff cul:ttff] . lj) #= l3r'jf vGr'jf .
~ uf]q gf) 9'\u]n cflb ysf g]kfnLxsf] uf]q . ~ tff] gf) blIf0f lbzfsf tffxdWo]sf]
tff] . < cu:To gf) != cul:t Clif . @= cul:t . cuxg gf) [;+) cu|xfo0f] d\l; dlxgf . >
cuxgL gf) d\l;df kmNg] jf x'g] (df;L{ cflb wfg jf c cGg) afnL . cufOg' c) lqm) x]) c3
Og' . cufpg' c)lqm) [;+) cf3|f0f] x]) c3fpg' . cufl8 lqm)lj) [;+) cu| cfl8] != ;fd'Gg
]df xfsfxfsL clulNt . @= klxn] g} cl3af6} plxn] . cuf8L gf) sf7L gv;f];\ egL 3f]8fsf]
3fF6Ldf nufOg] k]6L . cufw lj) [;+)] != ulxf] tg{ g;lsg] . @= hfg] hfGg g;lsg] cyfx .
lqm)lj) #= cToGt c;f4] c3f]} . cufj} lqm) lj) [clu cfj}] klxn] g} cluaf6} cufl8 g} .
u gf) of]) [;+) cu|] != ;fd'Gg] d'v]GhL clulNt cl3 . lqm) lj) @= plxn] klxn] clu
) != k|frLg sfndf . @= cufl8cufl8 cl3cl3 . cluGg kl5Gg gf) [8f])] s'g} sf7 jf afF;df
ef kfL cl3lNt kl5lNt e'mlG8g] lsl;dn] sfFwdf af]lsg] efL efff af]lsg] efL . clu
cluNnf] lt] ;fd'Gg]kl cufl8kl ;Dd'v cl3lNt/ . cluNnf] lj) [clu ONnf]] != klxnf]rflxF
l3Nnf] . @= cufl8sf] ;fd'Gg]sf] . clu;f lj) [;+) cu|;] != s'g} sfddf cufl8 ;g]{ :jef
jsf] k'mlt{nf] cl3;/f . @= st{Jokfo0f . cu'N6f] gf) [cfuf] pN6f]] an]sf] jf ;Ns]sf] bf
pf] . cu'N6f] klg g7f];L aNb}g (pvfg) . cu'jf! gf) [clu pjf] != v]tLafLsf] sfd ug{ hU
ufwgLsf tkm{ a f6 :yfoL jf c:yfoL kdf t} g fy ulPsf] slDtofd'lGtsf] sd{rfL slDtofsf]
;xfos . cu'jf@ lj) [clu pjf] != clu lxF8\g] . @= s'g} sfddf

@)#@ cg';f fi6;j ] sxn] cfgf clwsfxsf] gfhfoh clgoldt k|of]u u]df sfafO{ ugf{sf
ePsf] Ps ;+jw } flgs lgsfo . gfdf gf) s;}nfO{ cfgf tkm{af6 sfd ug"{ egL n]lvlbPsf
] sfut clwsfkq jfl;gfdf . jfnf lj) != s'g} sfd ug{ clwsf kfPsf] lgod sfg'gcg';f
clVtof kfpg] . gf) @= To:tf] clVtof kfPsf] JolQm . > clVtofL lj) != clVtof k|fKt u]sf
clVtofdf x]sf] clVtofleqsf] . gf) @= clVtof x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . > clVtof] lj) cl
|fKt u]sf] (JolQm) clVtofjfnf . cv|g' c) lqm) lr;f] jf leh]sf] j:t' ;'Sg' yf]} ;'Sg'
> cv|Ss lj) != lehLjL ;'s ] bx|f] ePsf] (sk8f, 5fnf O)) . lqm)lj) @= To;L bx|f] x'g]
uL . cv|fO gf) cv|g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cv|fOg' s) lqm) clv|g] kflg' . cv|fpg'
k|]) lqm) cv|g nfpg' cv|g] kfg'{ . cv|fx6 gf) cv|fO . clv|g ' c) lqm) != cv|g' . @=
cv|g] x'g' . cVo|fO gf) clv|g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cVo|fOg' s) lqm) clv|g] kf
lg' . cVo|fpg' k|) ] lqm) clv|g] kfg'{ . cVo|fx6 gf) cVo|fO . cusNrf] lj)x]) cwsNrf]
. cur lj) [;+) cuTofcuDo] != cs hfg jf lxF8g \ cK7]f] c3r . gf) @= To:tf] cK7]f] 7f
jf l:ylt . > culrnf] lj) cur kg]{ cK7]f] x'g] . cu8dau8d lj) [c=d"= cu8d (l=)] != w]
Vofdf ePsfn] jf t' R 5 ePsfn] cg' N n] v gLo XofgTofg km:ofk'm;' kmf;k'm;] . gf) @= T
o:tf] cg'Nn]vgLo j:t' . cu0fgLo lj) [;+)] != cu0o uGg g;lsg] ulgg;Sg' c;\Vo a]uGtL c
tL . @= u0fgf ug{ nfos gePsf] t'R5 5'b| . cul0ft lj) [;+)] != gulgPsf] . @= uGg g;l
sg] w]} k|z:t . cu0o lj)x]) cu0fgLo . cult gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] ult b'u{lt . @= gs{ .
bf) To; b'i6sf] t d'v x]of] eg] klg cult klG5 .) lj) #= ultlxt . cultnf] lj) [c ultnf]
gfd|f] a]sfd] . cuTof lqm)lj) [;+)] != cGo ult gxgfn] cGtdf PSsfl; . @= gfd|f] ;+of
] ubf{ b'ef{Uojz . cud lj) [;+)] != hfg , hfGg jf yfxf kfpg g;lsg] cyfx . @= kf nufp
g g;lsg] ckf . cuDo lj) [;+)] cud . > cuDof lj) ef]u ug{ gx'g] (gfL) . cu gf) [;+) c
!= lxdfndf x'g,] af:gf cfpg] Ps

cu]g'cu]gf]cu| clu ;g]{ af6f] b]vfpg] dfu{bz{s e]luof] . gf) #= g]tf . > cu'jfO gf)
fn] ug]{ sfd g]tT [ j . luL gf) cu'jfO g]tT [j. cu]g'cu]gf] gf) [;+) cUGofwfgd\] de
f cf]5fgsf 5]pdf cfuf] afNg agfOPsf] :yfoL clUgs'08 . cuf]r lj) [;+)] s'g} klg OlGb
|on] u|x0f ug{ g;Sg] OlGb|osf] ljifo gePsf] b]Vg, ;'Gg, rf6\g, ;' F g, 5fDg ;f]Rg j
f hfGg g;lsg] OlGb|oftLt . cuf]8 gf) [clu uf]8] xf}bfsf] cluNnf] efunfO{ gxlNng] uL s
:g b'O{ltaf6 afFWg] 8f]L . cuf]lnt lj) [;+)] uf]nfsf gePsf] uf]lnt jf jt'{lnt gePsf]
. cuf}6] lj) [clu cf}6]] != clu nfUg] jf kfSg] (afnL) . gf) @= To:tf] afnL (3}of, ;
l7of O)) . cU3f] lqm)lj) [c3f]] Hofb} rf}k} lgs} cToGt . clUg gf) [;+)] != s'g} kbf
] tfk, k|sfz jf Hjfnf k}bf x'g] k'~h b't | kn] x'g] k|Hjngsfo{ jf k|lqmof cfuf] . @=
d'Vo kn] kfrglqmof ;~rfng ug]{ zfLls zlQm . #= tLgsf] ;\Vof a'emfpg] zAb . $= cfUg]o
sf]0fsf :jfdL dflgPsf clwb]jtf . ~ sjr gf) != cfuf]n] g89fpg] j:t' . @= cfufaf6
aRg nufOg] j:q . #= tGqzf:qcg';f zLsf] Iff ug{ ljleGg c\u 5f]O{ sNkgf ulg] ljleGg gfd
f dGq . ~ sf08 gf) cfufn] ug]{ ljgfz cfunfuL . ~ s'08 gf) o1 cflbdf xjg ugf{sf lglD
t cfuf] afNg agfOPsf] vf8n o1j]bLsf] cu]g' . s'df gf) != k|foM afnaflnsfxsf] kfrgzlQ
m a9fpg] cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwL . @= sflt{s]o s'df . sf]0f gf) cfUg]o lbzf . ~ rqm gf) !
= cfufsf Hjfnfsf] e'dL . @= of]uzf:qcg';f lqsf]0ffsf cfwf ePsf] dl0fk' . ~ rf] gf) e
fh:tf] cfsfsf], dL7f] cfjfh ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] rf] tf]krf] . ~ Hjfnf gf) cfufsf] fFsf
bLkg gf) cfo'j]{bcg';f kfrgzlQm a9fpg] jf ef]s hufpg] Ps k|sfsf] vf; cf}ifwL . ~ kL
Iff gf) != cfufdf k;] cfgf] lgbf]{ifkgf ;flat ug]{ k|frLg k|yf . (pbf) ;Ltfn] clUgkLI
ffff cfgf] ;tLTj k|dfl0ft ulg\ .) @= cToGt sl7g jf Hofg hf]lvddf kg]{ lsl;dsf] s'g}
hfFr . kfs lj) != cfufdf ksfOPsf] . gf) @= s'g} j:t'nfO{ cfufdf kfs ug]{ k|lqmof
. ~ k'f0f gf) c7f k'f0fdWo] Ps cf7f}F dxfk'f0f . k"hs lj) clUgnfO{ g} Oi6b]jtf dfg
f ug]{ (lxGb", kf;L cflb) . ~ af0f gf) != k'f0fcg';f cfuf] pTkGg uL zq'nfO{ Wj:t kfg]
{ Ps lbJo c:q . @= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f dlxgfdf z'SnkIfsf ltLof PsfbzL tyf s[i0fkIfsf
k~rdL rt'b{zL
8

ltlydf kg]{ clUgeosf] of]u . dfGB gf) h7flUg dGb x'g] f]u vfOPsf] j:t' ckr x'g] f]u
rgzlQm sd x'g] f]u . df]rs gf) b'36 { gfdf k|of]u ug{ 7"n7"nf ejgdf flvg], cfuf] lg
efpg] oGq . ~ ]vf gf) != 89]nfaf6 hf]ufpgsf lglDt h\un v08v08df ljeflht x'g] uL aLraL
df agfOPsf rf}8f af6f . @= 89]nfdf em}F aLr aLrdf x]sf] cfufsf] k\lSt . f]lx0fL gf)
= ftf ftf kmf]sf lgl:sg] hng Pjd\ 56k6L k}bf ufpg] Ps f]]u . @= Kn]u . j4{s lj) v
j:t' krfpg] kfrgzlQm a9fpg] h7flUgnfO{ ;lqmo kfg]{ . ~ zdf{ lj) Hofb} l;fxf cToGt qm
]wL . (pbf) ltdL t clUgzdf{ g} x]5f} ) . zfnf gf) o1s'08sf] nflu lgld{t 3 . ~ lzvf
!=cfufsf] nKsf] aNb} u]sf] cfufsf] Hjfnf . @= vf];f{gL . ;+:sf gf) != wd{zf:qcg';f
1flbdf ulg] clUgsf] ;f]x| ;+:sf . @= lxGb" ;+:sfcGtu{t ulg] d]sf JolQmsf] bfx;+:sf .
:yfkgf gf) != o1sd{df j}lbs ljlwk"js { clUgsf] :yfkgf ug]{ sfd tT;DaGwL cg'i7fg j
f ;f] cg'i7fg ;DkGg ug]{ ljlw . @= To;L clUgsf] :yfkgf ug]{ ljlw n]lvPsf] k':ts .
xf]q gf) j}lbs k|lqmofcg';f clUg:yfkgf uL lgoldt kn] laxfga]ns ' f xf]d ug]{ lqmof
:tf k|sfn] clUgnfO{ cv08 fVg ulg] lgTo xjg . xf]qL gf) clUgxf]q;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{ JolQ
m jf ;f] sfd ug]{ clwsf ePsf] JolQm . > cUGo:q gf) k'f0f cflbdf j0f{g u]cg';f cfufsf]
Hjfnf cf]sNg] k|frLg c:q . cu| lj) [;+)] d'Vo klxnf] k|wfg . gf) @= cufl8sf] efu ;f
d'Gg]sf] lx:;f . ufdL lj) != s'g} ofqf, sfo{qmd, cleofg cflbdf gfOs] jf cu'jf eO{
lxF8\g] . @= s'g} o'u jf ;dfhsf] oyfl:ylt;Fu c;Gt'i6 eO{ To;df cfd"n kljt{gsf lg
lDt cu|; x'g] . h gf) != cufl8 hGd]sf] JolQm . @= bfh' . ~ lhXjf gf) lha|fsf] cl3Nn
f] efu . > cu|0fL lj) != s'g} klg sfd jf ljrfdf cu'jf . @= d'Vo k|wfg . b"t gf) clu
cfpg] ljrf, ljifo jf JolQmsf] ;Gb]z Nofpg] JolQm s'g} klg s'fdf ceGbf clu a9]sf] Jol
Qm . ~ k\lQm gf) != klxnf] kfFtL . @= ljlzi6 JolQm jf j:t'dWo] Ps cAan bhf{ . n]v gf
) != ;dfrfkqdf 5flkg] d'Vo n]v . @= uf]i7L, sfo{zfnf cflbdf 5nkmnsf lglDt k|:t't
ulg] kq . jtL{ lj) cufl8 x]sf] clulNt x]sf] cl3Nnf k\lQmdf kg]{ . ; lj) s'g}
u ;g]{ s'g} klg s'fdf clu a9\g] jf rf;f] lng] . ~ :j gf) pRrf0fdf lha|fsf] cu|efu ;lq
mo ePsf] :jj0f{ . > cu|xfo0f gf) d\l; dlxgf . xf gf) k|frLg ;dodf u'?s'naf6 lzIff k

cu|fvcu|f7c\s xf]OGh]n . c3fpg' c) lqm) [;+) cf3|f0f] != vfP jf lkP t[Kt x'g' 6Dd x
fpg' . @= s'g} s'faf6 cdg x'g' jfSs x'g' s'g} s'faf6 ljQm x'g' . > c3fpGh]nc3fpGh]nL
m)lj) c3fpFhL . c3f gf)[;+) cu| 6] ufO{e}F;L b'x'Fbf kl3|g'eGbf cufl8 y'gdf x]sf uf]6f
b'lxPsf] b"w cuf . c3f;' gf) [;+)] != >Ldb\efujt dxfk'f0fdf jl0f{t, s[i0fnfO{ dfg]{
cleofgdf s+;n] k7fPsf] s[i0fn] df]sf] clh\ukL fIf; . lj) @= vGr'jf l3rf; cul:t . c
of])lqm)lj) [;+) cu|] x]) clu . ~ cl3 lqm)lj) x]) cluclu . cl3lNt lqm)lj) [cl3Nnf] lt]
!= s'g} lglZrt j:t', ;do]vf, JolQm cflbsf ;fd'Gg] cufl8kl . @= d'v]GhL xfsfxfsL . cl
3Nnf] lj) [cl3 ONnf]] x]) cluNnf] . cl3;/f lj) [;+) cu|;/] x]) clu;/f . c3f] lj) [;+)
c 3f]] != Hofb} 8nfUbf] . lqm) lj) @= Hofb} w]} Hof:tL la5 cU3f] cU3f]} . gf) #=
}38 ;Dk|bfo . $= sfkflns ;Dk|bfo . kGy gf) c3f] dtfjnDaLxsf] ;Dk|bfo c3f] ;Dk|bfo .
lj) != c3f]kGysf] cg'ofoL . gf) @= c3f]kGysf] hf]uL . > c3f]L gf) != c3f]kGyL . lj) @
= gfd|f] jf h] kfof] pxL vfg] c;QL . c3f]} lqm)lj) Hofb} cToGt} c3f] . c3f]ofO gf
kgf c;'Gbtf . @= lgn{Hhtf 3[0ffsf] cefj . c3f]ng gf) [;+)] kfgLdf gkUng] jf 3f]ng gx
'g] sfd . zLn lj) kfgLdf xfNbf gkUng] jf kfgLdf gldNg] . c3f]if lj) [;+)] != :jlrD6
L oyf:yfgdf xL bafa k|sDkgljgf pRrlt x'g] -Wjlg h:t} s, r, 6, t, k, v, 5, 7, y, km,
;_ . @= fd|L g;'lgg] jf c:ki6 (cfjfh, :j O)) . > c3f]lift lj) != 3f]if0ff gulPsf] cf}
rfls kdf gatfOPsf] lgodk"js { lbg'kg]{ ;"rgf glbOPsf] . @= c:ki6 ( cfjfh cflb ) . c
3f] i fLejg gf) efifflj1fgcg';f 3f]if Wjlg (u, h, 8, b, a O)) c3f]if (s, r, 6, t,
k O)) df kljlt{t x'g] k|lqmof . c
\s gf) [;+)] != ;
\Vof, uGtL jf ;
\Vofsf cfwfe"t ;dli6
a'emfpg k|of]u ulg] k|flDes lrXg, zAb jf To:tf lrXg zAbxsf] ;d"x lxGb", caL b]jgfu
ltcg';f z"Gob]lv gf};Ddsf ;
\Vof;"rs lrXg jf lrXg;d"x s'g} klg s'fnfO{ vf; qmddf k|of
]u ulg] vf; ;
\Vof (l8lh6) . @= gf6ssf] k|s0fnfO{ 5'fpg], b[Zo xg jf gxg ;Sg] efu jf
o . #= kssf b;

cfpg] ljfg\ a|fXd0fnfO{ hLljsfsf lglDt rngc'g;f lbOg] u] s f] hldg jf hgkb . @= fhfff
a| f Xd0fnfO{ hLljsf]kfh{gsf nflu lbOPsf] hUuf s'zlatf{ . cu|fvcu|f7 gf) != ;fnsf]
sf7 . @= s'g} klg sf7sf] leqsf] r'f] . (pbf) sf7sf] afsnleq knfF; knfF;leq cu|fv x
'G5 eGg] rfn gkfpg] tF s]sf] l;sdL{ ) . lj) #= alnof] (sf7kft cflb) . $= zlQmzfnL
(dfG5]) cflb . cu|fzg gf) [;+)] vfg'eGbf klxn] b]jtf lkt[nfO{ r9fOg] vfg]s ' f cf}
;fgL an . cu|f;g gf) [;+)] s'g} cg'i7fg, ;ef jf uf]i7Ldf cfdlGqt JolQmxdWo] d'Vo Jo
lQmnfO{ k|bfg ulg] cf;g pRrtd cf;g . cu|fXo lj) [;+)] != lng gx'g] :jLsf ug{ gx'g] jf
g;lsg] . @= TofHo pk]Iffof]Uo . clu|d lj) [;+)] != cluNnf] cufl8sf] klxnf] . gf) @=
s'g} sfd ug]{ jf sfd ug{ lhDdf lnPsf] JolQmn] sfd cfDe gx'Fb} kfpg] s]xL sd k]:sL a
}gf . ~ b]o gf) s'g} sfdsfhdf vl6g] JolQmnfO{ ;sfL jf u};sfL sfof{noff kl5 lx;fa ld
uL klxn] g} lbOg] gubL jf lhG;L k]:sL a}gf clu|d . ~ wg gf) clu|d b]o k]:sL . ~ sd
clu|d wg . cUnfO gf) [cUnf]cfO] cUnf]kg prfO . clUng' c) lqm) [cUnf] O g'] cUnf] x'Fb}
g' prfO a9\g' pRrf] x'g' . cUnf] lj) [k|f) cUuf]] v'f jf km]b kQfnlt 6'KKff] jf 6fps
] csf;lt uL plePsf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf w] k|f0fL, kj{t, j:t' cflbdf ;a}eGbf nfdf] cNuf]
cNsf] . cUNofO gf) [ clUn ( ofO)] clUng] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ >] cUNofOg' s) lq
m) cUnf] kflg' pRrf] kflg' . cUNofpg' k|) ] lqm) cUnf] kfg'{ r'Rrf] jf r'nL kfg'{ . c
UNofpg' ;) lqm) [cUnf]ofpg'] != 9f]sf, ofn cflbnfO{ cfUnf], r's'n cflbn] aGb ug'{ .
@= s'g} sfd x'g glbg efFhL xfNg' cjf]w t]:of{pg' . c3r lj) x]) cur . c3l6t lj) [;+)]
!= 36gf gePsf] . @= klxn] gePsf] ce"tk"j{ . c3f gf) [;+) cu|] ufO{e}; F LxnfO{ k3f n
fpg'eGbf cufl8 b'lxPsf] b"w cuf c3f . c3fO gf) [ c3fp ( cfO)] c3fpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf
j . [ >] c3fOg' c) lqm) c3fPsf] x'g' jf xf]Og' . c3fphL lqm)lj) [c3fppGhL] != k]6 6G
g xf]pGh]n vfg dg nfu];Dd c3fpGh]n . @= wLt d?Gh]n ;Gt'i6

c
\lstc\utu'gf e]bdWo] s?0f;k|wfg, :qLkfq Hofbf tyf ;fwf0f rlqsf] gfos tyf Pp6} c\s x
Ps e]b To:tf] Psf\sL sfJo . $= b}lgs, ;fKtflxs, kflIfs cflb kqklqsfsf] ;\Vof hgfpg
] c\s gDa . %= sfv . ~ ul0ft gf) != c\sxsf] lj1fg, c\s;DaGwL, ul0ftljBf . @= c\s l
k':ts . ~ wf0f gf) != s'g} lrXgf\lst wft'sf] ;fwgnfO{ ttfP zLsf c\udf 8fdL lrXg nuf
sfd 8fDg] sfd . @= s'g} ;Dk|bfosf] lrXg zLdf wf0f ug]{ sfd . #= rf]L, bfdn cflbsf ck
wdf bl08t ePsf] b]vfpg kfv'f jf ufnf cflbdf 8fDg] sfd . $= j[iff]T;u{ o1df lzjk|Ll
tsf lglDt ;fF9s ] f b'j} kftfdf rqm lqz"nn] 8fdL lrXg nufpg] sfd . wfl0fL gf) != c\
swf0f ulPsL :qL 8fldPsL :qL . @= sfvdf lng] :qL . lj) #= c\swf0f ug]{ 8fldPsf] . $= s
vdf lng] . %= u0fgf ulPsf] ulgPsf] . > c\sg gf) != s'g} j:t'df lrXg nufpg] sfd . @=
5fk jf lg:;f cflb nufpg] sfd . #= sf]g{] sfd n]Vg] sfd (lrqf\sg, rlqf\sg, 5fof\sg, gf
df\sg O)) . kq gf) 5fk nfuL d"No tf]lsPsf sfut, lnkmf, l6s6 cflb j:t' . > c\sdfn gf)
:g]x jf cfTdLotf hgfpg s;}nfO{ b'j} xftn] a]] cfgf] 5ftLdf 6fF:g] sfd cFufnf] xfNg]
sfd cfln\ug cFufnf] . d'v gf) Ps c\sleq k;]sf] aLh;d]t lnP ;a} c\ssf] ;"rgf ug]{
\ h:tf] c+z . > c\sfjtf gf) cl3Nnf] c\ssf kfqn] ;"rgf u]sf], cl3Nnf] kllzi6h:tf] uL
l8Psf] c+z . c\lst lj) [;+)] != s'g} s'f] hgfpgsf lglDt lrXg nufOPsf] lrlXgt 5fk nufO
Psf] . @= n]lvPsf] pNn]v x'g] (h:tf] fhkqf\lst) . #= lrlqt . $= ulgPsf] . %= tf]lsPs
f] lgwf{lt (h:tf] cl\st d"No) . ljk) cgl\st . c\s' gf) [;+)] != jg:kltsf] aLhaf6 lg
f] 6';f] aLhn] la?jfsf] k lng] qmddf lng] k|fylds k s'g} v jf la?jfaf6 lglSnPsf] gofF
6';f] . @= To;L g} k|:k'ml6t s'g} gofF s'f] gofF ljrfsf] cfDe . #= cfFs'f] 6';f] d
lkf] ufef] . > c\s'0f gf) cfFs'f lgSng] sfd aLhdf cfFs'f cfpg] jf gofF cfFs'f nfUg
mn jf cGo jg:kltsf aLhaf6 la?jf 6';fpg] sfo{ jf cj:yf . (h:t} c\s ' 0fIfdtf, c\s ' 0f
Qm cflb) . c\s ' fpg' c) lqm) != 6';fpg' jf knfpg' cfFs'f cfpg' . @= s'g} s'f cfFs
fPh:t} k|s6 x'g' . c\sl ' t lj) != 6';fPsf] knfPsf] cfFs'f] cfPsf] . @= s'g} s'f cfF
cfPh:t} k|s6 ePsf] . c\sn ' gf) [;+) c\sf]n] sfe|fsf h:tf kft x'g], ;;fgf kx]Fnf sf
k"mn k'mNg] ftf] df ;]tf w;f{ ePsf kmn
10

kmNg] sfF8fbf Ps j[If . c\sz ' gf) [;+)] != sfF6f . @= jfxgnfO{ xfFSg] 58L . #= sf
F6f jf 58Ln] h:t} s;}nfO{ f]Sg], xfFSg] jf lgolGqt ug]{ ;fwg . $= aGwg c\s';] . c\s;
' ] gf) [;+) c\sz ' ] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ tfGg k|of]u ulg] 6'Kkf] 3'Fu'lPsf] jf sfk]
k]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] sfF6f jf kmnfdsf] ;fwg . @= xfQL xfFSg] l;nl;nfdf xfQLnfO{ tx n
ufpg dfx't]ff k|of]u ulg], 6'Kkf] g'x]sf] c efu ;f]emf] x'g] b'O{d'v] sfF6f . #= s'g
} sfds'f Jojxfdf k]sf] jf kflPsf] o:t} sfk] jf c8\sf] (pbf) d}n] c\s';] ldnfO;s]sfn]
of] dfG5] plDsg ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5}g .) . ~ h'sf] gf) dflg;sf] cfGb|fdf kfOg], d'v c\s
';]h:tf] 3'ld|Psf], uf]nf], ftf]ftf] v}f]v } f] sf], ut sd ufpg] h'sf] . c\v6 g
] != cleeffsf] jxg saf]n k|lt1f (pbf) g;Sg] sfdsf] c\v6 af]Sg' x'Fb}g .) @= c;lhnf] c
j:yf v'Fu] . c\u gf) [;+)] != s'g} l;\uf] j:t', k|0ffnL jf ;+rgfsf cjoj jf lx:;f . @=
zLsf leGgleGg efu zL hLp cf . #= efu 6'qmf c+z v08 36s lx:;f . $= s'g} d"n j
;xof]uL, ck|wfg jf uf}0f c+z . %= cfhsf] laxfsf] efunk' If]qsf] cf;kf;;Dd x]sf] 7f
lgg] k|frLg eftLo hgkb . ^= c\u'nsf] ^ u'gf afasf] gfk ^ cdn afasf] gfk . ~ pkf\u
} j:t', k|0ffnL jf ;+rgfsf k|d'v cjoj jf v08sf ;fy} tL cjoj jf v08sf] pkcjoj . ~
Ifo gf) hLjsf] hf] x'g] zfLls ljsf; eO;s]kl5 zfLls ljsf;sf] cjf]w jf qmlds x|f;sf] l:
lt . h lj) != zL jf c\uaf6 pTkGg ePsf] . gf) @= f},+ g cflb . #= 5f]f5f]L ;Gtfg
]j . ~ ktg gf) != zLsf c\ux cfgf] :yfg 5f]8L emg]{ jf pl5lg] lqmof . @= kf}fl0fs kf
[t JolQmsf] nf; jxg uL b]zb]zfGt 8'Nbf ;f] nf; ;8L unL zLsf c\ux emg]{ jf v:g] k|lqmo
. (pbf) dxfb]jn] sfFwdf ;tLb]jLsf] nf; af]sL b]zb]zfGt 8'Nbf hxfFhxfF ;tLb]jLsf] c\u
ktg eof], ToxfFToxfF Ps Psj6f kL7 sfod eof] .) . ~ kL8g gf) s'g} g;fsf sf0faf6 zLsf]
'g} If]q jf efudf x'g] b'vfO . ~ ljR5]bg gf) zNolrlsT;fsf qmddf zLaf6 o;sf] s'g} b"
lift efu jf c\u sf6] 5'fpg] lqmof . ~ ;+of]hg gf) zNolrlsT;fsf qmddf zLsf] s'g} c\u
zLsf] csf]{ jf csf]{ efusf] c\u;Fu hf]8\g] k|lqmof . c\utu'gf lj) c\uxaf6} pTkGg ePs
fLls jf c\uk|To\usf sf0faf6 plAhPsf] .

11

c\ubc\uh ]| c\uxsf] cfk;L ;DaGw uf}0f d'Vosf] k:k ;DaGw . c\uf/ gf) [;+)] x]) c
f/] lj) x]) cFuf/] . c\ufnf] gf) [;+) cfln\ug] x]) cFufnf] . c\lusf gf) [;+)] cfOdfO{
] cfdf nufpg] kf];fs rf]nf] . c\uL gf) [;+)] != k|wfg jf d'Vo c\u c c\u cfl>t x'g]
k|0ffnL jf ;+rgfsf] d'Vo c\u . lj) @= b]xwfL c\ux ePsf] . #= d'Vo . ~ /; gf) ;flxlTo
[ltdf kfOg] d"n jf s]Gb|Lo /; cGo ;xsf/L /;sf ;fydf cfpg] k|wfg /; . c\uLs/0f gf) [
;+)] != s'g} j:t', ;Nnfx jf gLlt cflbdf k|bfg ul/g] :jLs[lt ;xdlt ;dy{g dGh'/L . @=
lhDd]bfL cleef/f . c\uLsf/ gf) [;+)] != :jLsf/ dGh'/L . @= saf]n k|lt1f . -pbf) p;n]
c\uLsf/ u/]sf] s'/f gk'ofO{ 5f8\b}g ._ . #= cfOdfO{n] cfdf nufpg] kf];fs rf]nf] . c\u
Ls[t lj) [;+)] != cFuflnPsf] l:jsflPsf] c\u t'NofOPsf] . @= hGdl;4 geO{ lgwf{lt sfg'g
k|lqmofcGtu{t k|fKt ulPsf] (c\uLs[t gfuls, c\uLs[t gfulstf cflb) . c\uL jfSo gf) [;
Jofs0fdf ld> jfSocGtu{t c\ujfSonfO{ cfk"mdf ldnfpg] d'Vo pkjfSo . (lxhf] dnfO{ Zo
fdn] tFnfO{ d sf]6 lbG5' eGof] o; ld> jfSodf tFnfO{ sf]6 lbG5' eGg] c\ujfSo Zofdn] e
] d'Vo jfSosf] c\u ag]sfn] Zofdn] eGof] c\uLjfSo xf] .) c\u7 ' f] gf) [;+)c\u'i7] a
f}Fnf] cf}F7f] . c\u'! gf) [kmf) c\u"] kftnf] ldxL lrNnf] af]qmf ePsf], ;;fgf ;]tf k"
n k'mNg], lkmSsf kx]Fnf] x'g] bfgfbf e'mKk] kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] To;} vfOg] jf ;
f6 b|fIff;j, lrgL, S;L cflb agfOg], To;}sf] kmn . c\u'@ gf) [;+)c\uLsf] ce lhDd]bf
eeff . (pbf) ug{ g;lsg] sfdsf] c\u ' af]Sg' x'b Fg } .) c\un ' gf) [;+)] != xft jf v
sf] cf}Fnf] . @= k'i6 hf}sf cf7j6f bfgf ldnfP gfKtf 9flsg] gfkf]sf] kldf0f Ps cf}Fn
fsf] rf}8fOsf] gfkf] cdn . c\ul ' n gf) [;+)] cf}Fnf] cdn . qf0f gf) != tfFbf]sf] rf
6 hf]ufpg xftsf cf}Fnfdf nfOg] vf]n . @= cDtg'{ nSv' . #= l;tf ahfpFbf cf}Fnfdf nf
Og] tfsf] pks0f gSvL . ~ lgb]z { gf) != cf}n F f] 78fpg] sfd . @= cf}N F ofO . dfn
) a'4sfnLg Ps q"m JolQm -dfG5]sf cf}Fnf sf6] dfnf nufpg] JolQm, hf] kl5 a'4sf] z0f
kof] ._ . ~ d'bf | gf) gfpF vf]k]sf] cf}F7L 5fk]d'b|f] . c\u'i7 gf) [;+)] a"9L cf}Fn
f] cf}F7f] . c\uh ]| gf) [c\)] ;+o'Qm clwfHo a]nfotsf lgjf;L jf

c\ub gf) [;+)] kfv'fdf afFlwg] Tg, df]tL cflb cd"No b|Jo h8]sf] ;'gsf] uxgf s]o" afh
@= fdfo0fdf jl0f{t fdfj0fo'4df fdsf] kIf lng] Ps k|l;4 jfg;bf ;'u|Ljsf] bfh' afnL
] . c\ugf gf) [;+)] z'enIf0fn] o'Qm ePsL :qL ;'Gb c\u ePsL gfL ;'nIf0ff gfL . c\u
[;+)] x]s c\u zL jf cGo j:t'sf] k|To]s efu zLsf ;fgf7"nf ;a} c\u . c\u e\u gf
zLsf] s'g} cjojsf] 6'6k'm6 jf eFrfO . @= :qLhfltsf xfpefp jf s6fIf cflb r]i6f . #=
s'6lk6 cflbff 7"n} rf]6k6s nfuL ePsf] zLsf] s'g} efusf] vtL . sf] vt gf) s;}nfO{ s'6
k6 uL nufPsf] rf]6 jf vt c\ue\usf sf0faf6 ePsf] 3fp jf bfu uDeL rf]6 . > c\ue\uL
fO{ df]lxt kfg{ kfqff ulg] clego cfFvf, d'v, xft cflb grfP gflosfff k|s6 ulg] xfpef
u Ifs gf) [;+)] != s;}sf hLpHofgsf] Iff ug]{ JolQm . @= pRr kbdf x]sf ljz]if dxjk"0f{
JolQmxsf] ;'Iffsf lglDt ;w}F ;fydf xg] uL t}gfy ulPsf] k|xL jf ;}lgs o:tf k|xL jf
sf] ;d"x cf7kxlof . #= afnsxsf] x]ljrf ug]{ bbf . c\u Iff gf) [;+)] zLsf] Iff h
f zLsf c\uxsf] lxkmfht . c\ufu gf) [;+) c\u fu] ljz]iftM k|frLg dWosfnLg ;dfhdf
l;g] ;'ulGwt b|Jo . c\u jfSo gf) [;+)] ld> jfSoleq x]sf], cy{ a'emfpg csf]{ jfSosf]
ck]Iff fVg], k"s jf sfssf] kdf x]sf] pkjfSo . (h:t} h;sf] lstfa xf] p;}nfO{ b]pm .
ld> jfSodf p;}nfO{ b]pm c\uL jfSosf] cwLgdf x]sfn] h;sf] lstfa xf] pkjfSo c\ujfSo ag
] 5 .) c\u ljsf gf) [;+)] zLsf] agfj6df ePsf] bf]if hLpsf cjojxdf ePsf] ljs[lt (s"h
], 8'8 F f], cGwf] cflb) zLsf cjojdf x'g] 36a9 jf af\uf]l6\uf] cj:yf . c\u ljIf]k gf
;+)] != b'vfO jf ;+jb ] gfn] xftuf]8f ofFSg] sfd . @= gfrufgdf efjk|bz{g ug{ xftuf
]8f cflb c\ux grfpg] sfo{ xftuf]8fsf] xfpefp . c\u ljBf gf) [;+)] ;fd'lb|s zf:qsf cg'
;f zLsf c\uk|To\usf] u7g jf ltgdf x]sf ljleGg lrXg jf xftuf]8fsf ]vfx x]] ePsf]
s'f atfpg] zf:q x:t]vf x]] z'efz'e kmn kQf nufpg] ljBf . c\uf gf) [;+)c\us] zLsf
efusf c\udf nufOg] na]bf, ef]6f] cflb j:q . c\uf\uL efj gf) [;+)] c\uLsf] c\uL aGg
xg]

cr\clR5Gg c\uLs[t gfuls a]nfotL d"nsf uf]f hflt . > c\uh ]| L lj) != ;+o'Qm clwfHo
tl;t ;DalGwt jf ;f]sf] ljz]iftf ePsf] . @= c\u]|hsf] efiffl;t ;DalGwt . gf) #= a]
nfot, ;+o'QmfHo cd]lsf, c:6]lnof, Sofgf8f, Go'lhNofG8 klxn] ;+o'Qm clwfHo a]nfotff
g t'NofOPsf If]qxdf af]lng] efiff O\uln; . cr\ gf) [;+)] ;+:s[tsf cb]lv cf};Ddsf :jx
;\lIfKtLs[t kfleflifs ;+1f :jj0f{ . crsr lqm) lj) lg0f{odf k'Ug g;s] csds . > crsrfO
crsrfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ~ crsrfOg' c) lqm) csdsfOg' . ~ crsrfpg' c) lqm)
lg0f{o lng g;Sg' csdsfpg' . crsg gf) [c)<] kfFr sNnL ePsf], b'O{ 7fpFdf dfq t'gf
nufOg] nfdf] sf]6h:tf] na]bf Ps lsl;dsf] nfdf] bf}f . crsN6f] lj) [;+)cw{ > k|f) c4 s
Rr<] != k"f gePsf] cw'f] . @= cfwf kfs]sf] s6\ldf] . #= k"f klkSj gePsf] cw{lzlIft
k"f sfd lbg g;Sg] cwa];|f] (crsN6f] sfd crsN6f] l76f] crsN6f] k9fO O)) . crsfnL lqm)
lj) gf) x]) crfSnL . crDd gf) [k|f) cRrAe'c < ;+) cTob\et ' ] glrtfPsf] s'f] pb]snf
Ubf] s'f] 5SskfO uha cfZro{ . cr lj) [;+)] != grNg] ultlxt :yfj h8 (rcr ;[li
;+)] != grNg] g8Ug] rnfpg g;lsg] . @= h8 :yfj l:y . #= lgZrn b[9 . gf) $= kj{t kxf8
f] ( pbofrn, c:tfrn, lxdfrn O) ) . ~ hfoh]yf;DklQ gf) Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf n}hf
g jf ;fgtfg ug{ g;lsg] 3, hUufhldg cflb hfoh]yf . crnf gf) [;+)] != k[YjL wtL . @= a
wd{sf bze"ld jf qof]bze"lddWo]sf] cf7f}F e"ld . lj) #= grNg] l:y . crfO! gf) [af)
af])] crf . crfO@ gf) [ crfp ( cfO)] cfrdg ug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] crfOg'
s) lqm) crfpg] sfd ulg' . crfpg' ;) lqm) [;+) cfrdg] xTs]nfdf kfgL fvL ;'?Kk ;'?Kk vf
g' 5'jf5"t jf cfzf}raf6 z'4 x'gfsf lglDt o;L kfgL vfg' s'g} b]jsfo{ lkt[sfo{h:tf wf
ld{s sfo{sf l;nl;nfdf xTs]nfdf s]xL kfgL fvL dGqsf] pRrf0fk"js { ;'?Kk;'?Kk vfg' .
crfSnL lqm)lj) != x'g'kg]{eGbf Hofb} a9L dof{bf gf3] cToGt} rf}k} crsfnL . gf) @= cT
stf Hof:tL clt ug]{ sfd . #= cGofo cTofrf lyrf]ldrf] . crf8' lj) [k|f) cRrflxb < ;+)
Tolxt] != s;}l;t gldNg] 5'Rrf] 5'Nofxf lgx'v F f]hfxf . @= cldNbf] g;'xfpg] .
12

crfgs lqm)lj) [;+) c1fgft\ ] k"j; { r " gfljgf PSsfl; cke{m6 cs:dft\ PsfPs . crfg'crf
f] gf) [;+)c~rg ] != kz' cflb sf6\tf xltofsf] wf glalu|of];\ egL sfl6g] kz'sf] uw{g
d'lg hldgdf flvg] sf7sf] 7]psf] . @= df;' cflb sf6\tf jf y'U F bf flvg] sf7sf] 7]p
sf] y'FugL . #= kz' cflb df xfGbf crfgfn] a]xf]g'{ k]h:t} rf]6 a]xf]gk {' g]{ l:ylt
To; k|sfsf] ;\s6 . (pbf) fdn] Zofdl;t abnf lng dnfO{ crfg' agfof] .) crfgfsf] rf]6 v
's'Ln] hfGb}g (pvfg) . crf gf) [kmf)] d"nf, s]nf, uf]ne]F8f cflb tsfL, ltn, l;nfd cfl
bfgfbf kbfy{, lga'jf, sfutL, nK;L, cfFk cflb cDn kbfy{ cflbnfO{ sf6L, lyrL jf lk
FwL g'g, vf];f{gL cldnf] tyf dd;nf t]n xfnL ;fFlwPsf], ksfOPsf] jf ;"o{kfs ulPsf],
ef]hgnfO{ ljz]if :jflbnf] agfpg rfl6g] jf vfOg] kbfy{ . ~ kfg' { 6') != crf agfpg
' . @= lsrLldrL t'Nofpg' . (pbf) w]} glh:Sof, tFnfO{ crf kfllbpFnf ._ . clrgf? lj) [c
rgf?] lrghfg gePsf] ckllrt . clrGtgLo lj) [;+)] != dgn] lrtfpg gx'g] jf g;lsg] clrGT
o . @= dg a'l4eGbf ksf] c1]o . clrlGtt lj) [;+)] != glrtfPsf] g;f]rs ] f] . @= ck|To
flzt . cr's lj) [k|f) c r'Ss] gr'Sg] slxn] klg v] ghfg] e"n gug]{ ljkmn gx'g] cdf]3 (
s lg;fgf, cr"s cf}ifwL O)). cr]t lj) [;+)] r]tgf gePsf] xf]; u'd]sf] ;'4L xfPsf] a]xf
]; . cr]tg lj) [;+)] != 1fg gePsf] xf]; gePsf] . lj) @= r]tg cw{rt ] gkl5sf], ;r]t
cj:yfdf yfx} gkfOg] t dfgjLo lqmofsnfknfO{ lglb{i6 ug]{ (dg) . cr]n lqm) lj) [;+)
cBsNk ] jt{dfg ;dodf xfn;fn lxhf]cfh cfhef]ln . el lqm)lj) lxhf]cfhsf] ;dodf cfhsf
hef]ln . cr}tGo lj) [;+)] != r]tgflxt 1fg gePsf] h8 . @= ts{;Ddt gePsf] . gf) #= r]t
gfsf] cefj h8 j:t' . cR5f lj) [k|f) cR5c < ;+) cR5s ] != c;n enf] a]; . @= fd|f] . lg
kf) #= :jLs[lt hgfpg elgg] zAb 7Ls cF xf] cflb . clR5pF gf) x]) cl/Fufnh:t} s]xL nfD
rf] / vLn uf8]/ lrNg] kv]6fjfn lavfn' sL/f] cR5\o"F . crsfnL lqm)lj)gf) x]) crfsnL
. clrGTo lj) [;+)] x]) clrGtgLo . clR5Gg lj) [;+)] != gsfl6Psf] jf l5F8 gePsf] . @
= cvl08t lgGt (clR5Gg kDkf ) .

13

cR5]BchxT:jfyf{chxNnIf0ff chkf gf) [;+)] != k|To]s ;f; tfGbf ofFStf yfx} gkfO{ hlkg]
ufoqL dGq dgdg} Wofg dfq ulg] dGq k|To]s k|Zjf; lgMZjf;df :jtM ulg] hk . @= of]uzf:
qdf j0f{g ePcg';f Zjf; aflx hfFbf x+ leq cfpFbf ; Wjlgsf] pRrf0f eO{ x+; cIfsf]
fdf @!,^)) k6s :jtM eOxg] hk . cha lj) [c)] cgf}7f] uhasf] ljnIf0f chk . uha gf) cr
fZro{ uha . cha g]kfn, uha sfZdL (pvfg) . chdfO gf) [ chdfp ( cfO)] chdfpg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] chdfOg' s) lqm) chdfpg] sfd ulg' chdfO; ulg' . chdfO; gf) [kmf)
cfhdfO;] != s]s:tf] xf]nf jf x'G5 x'b F g } egL hfFrL ku]n { L x]g{] sfd . @= hfFr
kLIff kLIf0f . #= kfv kv . $= k|of]u jf sNkgf . chdfpg' ;) lqm) [kmf) cfHdf cfp g'
]u jf k|of]u uL x]g'{ kLIff jf hfFr uL x]g'{ kLIf0f ug'{ . @= kfv jf kv ug'{ . #= 7
s jf x'g]gx'g] hfFRg' of ku]N { g' . $= dgdf u9\g' sNkgf ug'{ dgdf ;f]Rg' . chdf]bf
gf) [;+)] wlgofFsf 5fF6sf] kft x'g,] dl;gf e'mKkfsf k"mn k'mNg], Hjfg'h:t} kmn x'
g] Ps emf h\unL Hjfg' . chDd lj) [;+) chfd] slxNo} a"9f] gx'g] gdg]{ w]} ;do;Dd
DdL gf) != \uLla\uL, tfhf 5Fbf klg ;'ss ] f] h:tf] b]lvg] kfgLdf k] km]l sf]lknfh
g] k"mn k'mNg] Ps af]6 To:tf] k"mn . @= chDd x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . lj) #= slxNo}
a"9f] gx'g] gdg]{ ;w}F lxxg] cd . $= slxNo} gdg]{ cf]vtL x'g] (a'6L) . chDd] lj) c
cho lj) [;+)] != lhTg g;lsg] ljho ug{ g;lsg] ch]o . (pbf) cho 5 xfd|f] emG8f, cho 5
xfd|f] b]z) . gf) @= kfho xf . kfn gf) != ;\uLtdf e}j fusf] 5f]f] z'4 :j nfUg]
sfe|fsf h:t} kft x'g], xlof] k"mn k'mNg], v}f] sf] kmn kmNg] Ps j[If jf To;s} kmn hdf
nuf]6f . ch lj) [;+)] != slxNo} a"9f] jf k'fgf] gx'g] gfz gx'g] . gf) @= b]jtf . chz
[u \ L gf) [;+)] kj{tk|b]zdf pld|g], 7"nf] v ftf] k"mn x'g], 8f]nf], nfdf] a6flPs
n kmNg] v To;s} k"mn jf kmn . ch;| lqm) lj) [;+)] nuftf g6'6Lsg lgGt ;w}F . chxT:j
nIf0ff gf) [;+)] nIf0ffsf b'O{ e]bdWo] s'g} zAbn] cfgf] jfRo cy{nfO{ g5f8Lsg ;f]xL
cy{l;t ;DalGwt, leGg jf cltlQm nIo cy{;d]t a'emfpg] Ps

cR5]B lj) [;+)] != sf6\g gx'g] jf g;lsg] 6'So|fpg jf 5]8g \ gx'g] jf g;lsg] . @= g
kmf6\g] . cR5] gf) [;+) cIf ] x]) cIf . > cR5]L lj) k9\g hfGg] ;fIf . cR5" x])
f] cfgf] :yfg jf cRo't lj) [;+)] != s'g} s'fdf gr'ss l:yltaf6 gv;]sf] jf g8u]sf] . g
f) @= lji0f' eujfg\ jf pgsf cjtfsf] gfd lji0f' s[i0f . c5fk] lj) [c5fk] ] 5fk gnufOPs
f] 5fk gePsf] F f cfvfgf jf sfof{nosf lr7Lkqdf ljgf5fksf] . (5fk gx'b c5fk] hgfO{ a
flx k7fpg] ulG5 .) . c5fd gf) g]kfnsf] ;'b" klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ ;]tL c~rnsf]
Ps kxf8L lhNnf . > c5fd] lj) c5fd lhNnfdf a:g] jf To;l;t ;DalGwt . c5't [lx) c5"t]
gf) != lxGb" j0f{Joj:yfcg';f gofF d'ns ' L P]g nfu" x'ge ' Gbf klxn] 5'g gx'g] j
f kfgL grNg], 5f]Ol{ 56f] xfNg'kg]{ egL dflgPsf] ;d'bfo . lj) @= 5'g gx'g] jf g5
f]OPsf] c:k[Zo . > c5'tL gf) != klxn] klxn] 5'g gx'g] dflgPsf] hft, c5't . lj) @=
5'g gx'g] tyfslyt tNnf hftsf] . c5'tf]4f gf) c5't hfltsf] p4f c5'tLxsf] p4f c5't hf
5'jf5"tsf] e]b gug]{ sfd, k|lqmof jf l:ylt . c5]tfc5]tf] gf) [;+) cIftf ] != x])
cIftf . @= wfgsf] rfdn 6'd6'd uL k'ofpg'kg]{ rfdn . kftL gf) b]jb]jLsf k"hf;fdfg cIf
f k"mnkftL . ch lj) [;+)] != cfkm}Fcfkm ePsf] klxNo}b]lvsf] hGdFb} ghGd]sf] . gf) @
= lji0f' gffo0f . #= O{Zj kdfTdf . $= a|Xdf . %= afv|fsf] efn] ;Gtfg af]sf] . ^= 5;f
if{ k'fgf] ePsf] wfg gpd|g] wfg . chsNrf] lj)x]) cwsNrf] . chu gf) [c3r ] 3GrdGr gx'
g] 7fpF c3r . chuGwf gf) [;+)] emG8} agdffh:tf] Ps emf af]se ] mf . ch lj) nDafO, r
, prfO jf ef cflbdf Hofb} 7"nf] cfsf jf k|sfsf] . sf] lj) != 8nfUbf] . @= a8]dfsf]
wL 7"nf] (chsf] v, chsf] efL O)) . chgaL lj) [c)] != glrg]sf] ckllrt . @= csf]{ 7fpF
cfPsf] kb]zL . #= cgf}7f] cb\e't . chGtf gf) [lx)] blIf0f eftsf] ;Xoflb| kj{tsf] sfv
df aUg] afu'f gbLsf] 3f6Ldf l:yt snfTds u'kmf dlGbn] ubf{ ;+;fk|l;4 Ps :yfg . chGdf
lj) [;+)] != hGd glng] ghGd]sf] . gf) @= O{Zj kdfTdf . #= a|Xdf . chk lj)x]) cha .

chfc1ft e]b (h:tf] lafnfaf6 b"w hf]ufpm oxfF jfRo cy{ lafnfsf ;fy} b"w vfg] cGo hLjft
f6 b"w hf]ufpg] cy{ nlIft 5) pkfbfgnIf0ff . chf gf) [;+)] != O{ZjLo dfof k|s[lt . @=
b'uf{ . #= afv|L . chft lj) [;+)] != tNnf] hftsf] ;fgf] hftsf] hft sfl8Psf] hfltRo'
t ePsf] kltt s'hft . @= ghlGdPsf] hGd gePsf] pTkGg gePsf] . gf) #= ;fgf] jf tNnf] hf
t . zq' lj) != zq' x'b F } gePsf] zq' k}bf gePsf] . @= s;};u F klg zq'tf jf j}efj g
ug]{ . gf) #= dxfeftdf jl0f{t kfFr kf08jdWo]sf h]7f o'lwli7sf] gfd . $= fhu[x (duw)
sf fhf lalDa;fsf 5f]fsf] gfd (pgL uf}td a'4sf ;dsfnLg lyP) . > chflt lj) != hftaf6 k
tg ePsf] jf lgsflnPsf] k'/fgf] k/Dk/fcg';f/ eft, kfgL cflb sfl8Psf] . @= tyfslyt
;fgf] hftsf] c5't hft egL 7flgPsf] . #= cs}{ hftsf] s'g} hfltl;t ;DaGw gePsf] . ch
fg lj) [;+) c1fg ] != 1fg gePsf] ghfGg] caf]w cgle1 ca'em gf;dem . @= ;'wf] ;Lwf cg
chfoa lj) [c)] != crDdsf] ljnIf0f cgf}7f] cb\e't . @= c;fwf0f . 3 gf) cg]s k|sfs
s, snfsf}zn;DaGwL cGo dxjk"0f{ tyf cgf}7f j:t'x ;\ux | uL ;+If0fsf ;fy} hg;fwf0fnfO
]vfpgfsf lglDt flvPsf] ejg jf sIf cb\et ' j:t'sf] ;\ux | fno sf}ts ' fuf Do'lhod . (p
f) of] dfG5] t s:tf] crDdsf] x]5, chfoa3df nu] fVg'kg]{ h:tf] ) . chfahf gf) 7"nf
uL ulg] lanf}gf cfnfkljnfk ljnfk . (pbf) lk|of d d]F eg] ltdL chfahf uL gf]P .
+) chu] != ljif gx'g] t ;f;n] tfg] lgnL vfg], Hofb} 7"nf] lsl;dsf], pi0fsl6aGwk|b]z
df x'g] ;k{ . lj) @= clh\uh:t} Hofbf rndnfpg g;Sg] lsl;dsf] Hofb} 7"nf] chsf] . #= cl
h\uh:t} Hofb} vfg] jf ;'Tg] . $= cN5L csd{0o . clh\usf] cfxff b}jn] h'fp5k'ofp5
clh
\u] lj) != clh
\u;DaGwL clh
\usf] . @= Hofb} 7"nf] ch
sf] . #= w]} vfg] vGr'jf
;'tfxf . clh6g gf) [c
\) P8\h6 ' fG6 ] ;]gfdf sdflG8
clkm;sf] ;xfos clws[t P]6gklt . >
clh6gL gf) clh6gsf] kb jf bhf{ . clht lj) [;+)] != s;}n] lhTg g;s]sf] ch]o . gf) @
= lji0f' . #= lzj . clha lj) [c) chLa] cgf}7f] cfZro{nfUbf] uhasf] cb\e't .
14

clhdf gf) [g]jf)] != a"9L aHo} . @= g]jfL ;+:s[ltcGtu{t afnf]u kG5fpgfsf lglDt k"hf
ulg], sf7df8f}s F f] :joDe" :t"ksf] b]a|]kl x]sf] dlGbsL b]jL z}jdfuL{xsf aLr dft
\u
fdn] k|Voft ePsL b]jL . clhdfgf gf) s6 g5'fOPsf] hfF8 . clhclhf lj) != c6] lhfxf
= lw
\Gofxf . clhg{ gf) [;+) chL0f{] x]) chL0f{ . > clhlg{g ' c) lqm) chL0f{ x'g' w]}
vfgfn] kRg g;Sg' . clhGof{O gf) clhg{ kfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . clhGof{Og' ;)
lqm) clhg{ kflg' . clhGof{pg' ;) lqm) clhg{ xf]pGh]n v'jfpg' k]6 9fl8pGh]n v'jfpg' c
lhg{ kfg'{ . chL0f{ gf) [;+)] != vfPsf] s'f] gkRbf x'g hfg] k]6sf] f]u ckr . lj) @=
gkr]sf] ckr . #= hL0f{ gePsf] . chLj lj) [;+)] != hLj gePsf] . @= k|f0f uO;s]sf] d]s
f] d[ t s d' b f{ . gf) #= d[ T o' sfn . ~ sNk gf) e"ue{zf:qcg';f hLjsf] ;[li6 x'g'e
Gbf klxn]sf] o'u . ch' lj) [ch' ] != cldNbf] a]dn ] s ] f] . @= gh'g{] gh's ] f] . g
@= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f gh'g{] jf pko'Qm g7xlg] lqmof jf l:ylt . (pbf) h'ch' x]] dfq l
5Gg] rng 5 .) . ch]o lj) [;+)] lhTg g;lsg] . chf]Uu] lj) [;+) cof]Uo] cof]Uo of]Uo
gePsf] . ljk) hf]Uu] . chf]8 lj) [c hf]8 ] != hf]8f gePsf] lahf]8f chf] . @= hf]8f nfU
g g;lsg] a]hf]8 cg'kd cltLo . #= Hofb} 7"nf] eofgs . $= Hofbf w] . > chf]8L lj) chf
]L . chf] lj) [c hf] ] x]) chf]8 a]hf]8 . > ch]fL lj) != hf]8f gePsf] a]hf]8 . @= c
= k|ltGbL gePsf] . (pbf) ltdL t chf]L dfG5] x]5f}, s;}n] klg ltd|f] d'sflanf ug}{ ;s
]g .) . cHof}nL gf) [;+) ckhflns] emu8ftu8f ug{ yflkPsf] vf]r] jf lgx'F c3]n { L c3
]N { ofOF cof}nL . c1 lj) [;+)] != ghfGg] ga'g] cghfg . @= g;Demg] gf;dem d"v{ . lj
1 . tf gf) != ghfGg]kg cghfgkg . @= gf;dem d"v{tf c1fg . c1ft lj) [;+)] != ghfg]sf]
@= glrg]sf] ckllrt . #= k|s6 gePsf] ck|s6 . $= gb]lvPsf] . %= e]p gePsf] hfgsfL gkfO
Psf] yfxf gkfOPsf] . ^= u'Kt . ljk) 1ft . tf gf) ghflgPsf] cj:yf jf efj s'g} s'f;Fus
f] cklro cgle1tf . gfdf lj) gfd yfxf kfpg g;lsPsf] lrgfkrL{ gePsf] . ~ of}jgf gf) of
jgsf] cfudgk|lt ;r]t gePsL gflosf d'Uwf gflosf . jf; gf) s;}n] yfxf gkfpg] uL n's ]
a;]sf] cj:yf u'Ktjf;

15

c1fgc6k6 km]bL . $= s'g} d'n's jf k|b]zsf] Ps efu e"efu If]q k|bz ] . %= g]kfnsf rf}
w k|fb]lzs ljefudWo] Ps (d]rL, sf];L, ;udfyf, hgsk', jfUdtL, gffo0fL, u08sL, n'lDag
L, wjnflul, s0ff{nL, fktL, ;]tL, e]L dxfsfnL) . ~ cbfnt gf) lhNnf cbfntaf6 lg0f{o eP
sf d'2fdf k'gfj]bg ;'Gg] k~rfotsfndf ul7t c~rn:tLo cbfnt . JofkL lj) c~rnesf] k"} c
sf] c~rne km}lnPsf] . ~ ;ef gf) ;DalGwt c~rnsf ;a} lhNnfsf kbflwsfLx ;b:ox ;dfj]z e
] ;ef . ~ ;efklt gf) c~rn:tLo k~rfot jf c~rn txdf ul7t lgsfosf ;efklt c~rn:tLo s'g}
;\u7gsf ;efklt . ~ :tLo lj) c~rn txsf] c~rn txdf ;Lldt c~rn txdf x'g] . c~rnfwLz gf)
~rnsf] k|zf;lgs lhDd]jf/L kfPsf] k~rfotsfnLg Ps pRr kbflwsf/L . ~ sfof{no gf) c~r
nfwLzsf] cf c~rnfwLzsf k|ToIf ]vb]vdf xL lghsf] sfo{;Dkfbgdf ;xof]u ug]{ cf . sf] sf
f{no gf) c~rnfwLzsfof{no . c~hg gf) [;+)] != tf]Lsf] t]nsf] aQL afnL To;dfly s'g} ef
F8f] 3f]K6fO{ dflyaf6 5f]kL ;f] aQL an] ;dfKt x'Fbf dflyNnf] efF8fsf] leqL efudf h
Ddf ePsf] WjfF;f]df t]n cflb xfnL ;+:sf uL tof ulPsf], cfFvfsf sf];sf] l8ndf cfFvfsf
] lgf]lutf zf]efsf lglDt nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] dnd jf n]k ufhn ;'df{ . @= ;f]x| z[\ufdf
c\ufu . c~hlnc~hnL gf) [;+)] x]) cFh'nL . k'6 gf) != b'j} v'nf pQfgf xTs]nf hf]8L tL
xTs]nfsf] dflyNnf] efu rflxF s]xL e'msfpFbf x'g cfpg] 5qsf] h:tf] cfsf k]sf] vf]la
N6f] . @= cfb jf k|fy{gfsf d'b|fdf To;f] uL xTs]nf hf]8\g] sfd sk'6 s;Dk'6 cFh'nL .
L/ gf) [;+)] 8fF7 vf]qmf] / nD:ofOnf], tLgs'g] kft x'g] ltldnfsf h:tf kmn kmNg],
dNa]/L kl/jf/sf], pi0ft6aGwLo k|bz ] df x'g] Ps j[If kLknsf h:tf dl;gf laofF x'g]
To;}sf] u'lnof] kmn . c6\g' c) lqm) [;+) c6 g' ] a:g, xg cflbsf nflu 7fpF k'Ug' c6fpg
] x'g' . c6sn gf) x]) c8sn . c6sf gf) [pl8) cfl6sf ] b]jtfnfO{ ef]u nufOg] jf ck{0
f ulg] vfB kbfy{ To;}sf] k|;fb:jk kSjfGg . c6g gf) [;+)] 3'dlkm ug]{ sfd lxF8\8'n e|
ko{6g (tLyf{6g, b]zf6g, leIff6g O)) . c6k6 gf) [c) d") k6\ c (l))] != u8a8 uf]ndfn v6k
6 sl7gfO . @= c:ki6 af]nL afnaf]nLh:t} cy{ :ki6

u'Kta;fO . c1fg gf) [;+)] != 1fg jf af]w gx'g] lqmof, efj jf l:ylt 1fgsf] cefj 1fgs
f] sdL hfgsfLsf] sdL . @= c;n vfasf] 5fgljrf ug]{ Ifdtf hfu[t gx]sf] l:ylt cfGtls
u[t gePsf] cj:yf . #= d"v{tf . $= cljBf, dfof jf df]x h;n] ubf{ hLjn] ka|Xd;Fu cfg
f] leGgtf cg'ej uL ldYof hut\nfO{ jf:tljs 7fg]sf] x'G5 Tof] x6]kl5 dfq hLj a|Xd;F
u cfgf] ce]bsf] cg'ej ug{ d'St x'g ;S5 elgG5 . lj) %= 1fg gePsf] chfg d"v{ . > c1fg
L lj) != 1fg gePsf] 1fglxt c1 . @= caf]w chfg . #= n6\7s d"v{ . $= cljBf, dfof jf df]
sf jzdf x]sf] cfk"m g} ka|Xd x'F eGg] 1fg gePsf] . c1]o lj) [;+)] != hfGg g;lsg] 1fg
ug{ g;lsg] . @= a'g, ;Demg, e]p kfpg jf yfxf kfpg g;lsg] b'af]w { cuDo . ljk) 1]o
. tf gf) !=ghflgFbf]kg ga'lemFbf]kg . @= ga'lemFbf] l:ylt cuDotf . jfb gf) b[Zo jf
f]WoeGbf ksf] j:t'nfO{ hfGg jf ;f]r ] dfq lg0f{o lbg ;lsFbg } eGg] ;}4flGts dt . c
em lqm) lj) [k|f) cHh < ;+) cB] != clxn];Dd cBflk . (pbf) fd cem cfPsf] 5}g . cem To
f] s'f x:odo g} x]sf] 5 . ) . @= km]l klg ca klg c klg . (pbf) p;n] xKsfP klg cem p
e]6\g] x 5 dnfO{ cem k9\g] x 5 .) . #= t}klg To;f] eP klg Tolt x'b F fx'b F } klg .
bf) d}n] slt ;DemO ;s]F pm cem dfGb}g .) . $= emg\ . (k':sf kfPkl5 pm cem pT;flxt 5
.) . %= c6]nfO{ ;DemfpFbf jf xKsfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . (s] u]sf] < cem ) . cems gf)
[c ems] s]6fs]6L / u}x| lhDd]jf JolQmx k'Ug bvn lbg g;Sg] ;'lIft 7fpF . (pbf) of] P]g
cemsdf fv, s]6fs]6Ln] k'm6fpnfg\ .) . cemff] gf) [;+) cWoff]k ] != bf]if nfpg] sfd b
f]ifff]k0f cleof]u . @= cQf] kmQ' . ~ aemff] gf) != ufnL aemf}6L . @= bf]ifff]k0
afem . cem]pnf] gf) [ cHof}nL ] != 6G6f n]7f] . @= cGofo km6fOF crf8" sfo{ . cem]6f]
) [ cr]6f] ] a]kQfsf] 8fsf] emd]nf n]7f] cgfjZos 6G6f . cem} lqm)lj) [cemP]] cem Hof
. (pm cem} lglZrGt x'g ;s]sf] 5}g .) . cof}nL gf)x]) cHof}nL . c~rn gf) [;+)] != lz
jf sfFw eO{ 5ftLdf km}lnPsf] jf nk]l6Psf] ;fL, k5f}f cflbsf] efu ;fL, k5f}f cflbsf]]
p jf lsgff ;Ksf] . @= lsgf tL t6 . #= 3f6L

c6dc7xQ/ gv'Ng] af]nL . #= s'g} sfds'fdf JolQmxsf aLr k]sf] v6k6 jf dgf]dflnGosf] l:y
t . (pbf) ltgLxsf aLr cfhsn c6k6 k]sf] 5 .) . c6d lqm)lj) [c) d") (l)) d6\ 6] != c6fO
6fO{ gc6fpg] uL c6];d6]; pd' . lj) @= hLpdf n'uf nfpFbf s;fs; ePsf] s'g} efF8f] jf 7
df s'g} kbfy{ a];L vfFlbPsf] jf elPsf] vfFbfvfFb ePsf] sl;Psf] . c6n! lj) [;+)] != cl
8u l:y . @= cfgf] l;4fGtaf6 ljrlnt gx'g] . #= ;w}F sfod xg] . $= lgZro x'g] cjZoDefjL
. c6n@ gf) [g]jf) cyn] != vf; uL df6fsf] ;fdfGotof wft' jf Knfl:6ssf] kLFweGbf df
ly v'Nb} uPsf], n'uf w'g] efF8f] . @= v'f ePsf] y]Krf] kmflsnf] d'v ePsf] dsn . c6
fO gf) [c6fp ( cfO)] c6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] c6fOg' c) lqm) c6fpg] xf]
Og' . c6fO{ gc6fO{ lqm) lj) [c6fO{ gc6fO{] 7fpF gk'u] klg sf]rfsf]r kfL c6];d6]; k] 7
; elP pd' . c6fpg' c) lqm) [c6\ cfp g'] != s'g} s'f jf j:t' s'g} 7fpF jf kfqdf c6\g
' fVg] jf xflng] 7fpF k'Ug' . @= s'g} j:t' fVg] jf xfNg] 7fpF t'Nofpg' . (pbf) dw' s
dn Pp6} cf;gdf c6fP .) . c6fnL gf) [;+)cfn] xfjf vfg jf a;] aflx x]g{sf lglDt 3sf] bf
];|f], t];|f] cflb tnfsf] d"n uff]af6 aflx lg:s]sf] blng, vDaf jf cGo ;fwgff c8fO{ ag
fOPsf] ;Dd v'nf efu afb{nL sf};L . c6'6 lj) [;+) c q'6] != g6'6\g] cvl08t ;Unf] . lqm)
lj) @= g6'6Lsg nuftf lgGt . c6\sfpg' ;) lqm) x]) c8\sfpg' . c6]s gf) [c 6]s] l;4fGt
g] sfd ljrfdf l:y xg g;Sg] :jefj bf]dg . c6] lj) [c 6]] eg]sf] s'f g6]g]{ eg]sf]
f ldrfxf . > c6]ofO gf) c6] ug]{ efj jf lqmof c6]Lkg . > c6]L lj) g6]g]{ c6] . c
[;+)clq0f'] 3fF;kft cflbdf kmLFhsf] 8Nnf]h:tf] u'F8 nufpg], 3fF;l;t vfPdf e]8faf
v|f lafdL x'g] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] sLf] . c6]g@ {' c6]gf]{ lj) [c6] \ g'gf]] e'6t \ f k"
gp7\g] (ds} cflb) 7]6\gf] . c6];d6]; lqm) lj) [c6\ P; (l)) ] ;s];Dd sf]rsfr kf] c6fO{
O{ vrfvr 7;f7; 7]nd7]n . c6};f gf) aLraLrdf ;dfg cGt kfL ;ftj6f jf gf}j6f k|foM ;'gs
a']bf u]8L xfnL pg] agfPsf] kf]t]sf] dfnf gf}u]8L .
16

c6f] gf) [c\)] != Ps k|sfsf] 5fKg] oGq . @= :jx:tn]v c6f]u|fkm . #= 6]Dkf] . lj) $=
:jrflnt cfkm}Fcfkm rNg], x'g] jf aGg] (c6f]a;, c6f]lS;f, c6f]df]afON; O)) . u|fkm g
f) :jx:tn]v . d]l6s lj) dfgjLo lgoGq0f jf ;~rfngljgf cfkm}F rNg] :jrflnt (c6f]d]l6
s 38L c6f]d]l6s fOkmn O)) . c6\sfp gf)x]) c8\sfp . k6\sfp gf)x]) c8\sfpk8\sfp . cxf;
) [;+)] 7"nf] :jsf] xfF;f] lvTsf 5f]8]sf] xfF;f] . cfg lj) [;+) c cfg] cToGt alnof] x
x|nf] . cflnsf gf) [;+)] c6fnL . c] gf) df;L{ wfgsf] Ps e]b . cf gf) [k|f) c6\7 < ;+)
ci6 ] tf;sf] jf ulGhkmfsf] cf7 k'mL ePsf] kQL cf7 k'mLjfnf rSsL . cfO; gf) [k|f) c6\7
fO{; < ;+) ci6flj+zlt ] != aL; cf7sf] of]u;\Vof @* sf] c\s . lj) @= uGb} hfFbf cfO;
Vofdf kg]{ ;ftsf] rf u'gf x'g] . > cfO;f} lj) != uGg] qmddf cfO; rflxF ;
\Vofdf x'g
} afFl8Psf jf afFl8g] j:t'sf] afasf cfO;dWo] Pp6f rflxF efu ePsf] . c7rfln; gf) [;+)
ci6rTjfl+zt\ ] != rfnL; cf7sf] of]u;
\Vof $* sf] c\s . lj) uGb} hfFbf ;trfnL;kl5sf]
Vofdf kg]{ rfnL; cf7sf of]u;\Vofsf] . > c7rfln;f} F lj) uGtLsf qmddf c7rfnL; ;\Vofsf
] c7rfnL; ;\Vofdf kg]{ . c7rfnL; gf) x]) c7rfln; . > c7rfnL;f}F lj) x]) c7rfln;f}F .
c7lt; gf) [;+) ci6lq+zt\ ] != tL; cf7sf] of]u;\Vof #*sf] c\s . lj) uGtLsf qmddf ;}t
F L;kl5sf ;\Vofsf] . > c7lt;f} lj) uGtLsf qmddf c7tL; ;
\Vofsf] c7tL; ;
\Vofdf kg]{ .
7tL; gf) x]) c7lt; . > c7tL;f} F lj) x]) c7lt;f}F . c7GgL gf) [cf7cfgfO{ ] klxn]sf] e
ftLo cfwf ?lkofF cyf{t\ cf7 cfgfsf] l;Ssf aQL; k};fsf] l;Ssf . c7kxLc7aLc7a] gf) [e
) (fO{) ] lnDAjfgL vDAjfgL ld>0f ePsf] efiff af]Ng] fO{hfltsf] Ps zfvf . c7af lj) !=
cK7ff] ufx|f] d'l:sn . gf) @= bf]7f c;lhnf] l:ylt . c7;L gf) [k|f) c;L < ;+) ci
;f7L cf7sf] of]u;\Vof ^*sf] c\s . lj) @= uGtLsf qmddf ;t;Lkl5sf] ;\Vofdf kg]{ ;f7L
f of]u;\Vofsf] . > c7;lcf} c7;lof} lj) uGtLsf qmddf c7;L ;
\Vofdf kg]{ c7;L ;
\
f) [k|f) cxQl] != ;QL cf7sf] of]u;
\Vof

17

c7f/c8fO afnL x'g] If0fdf lgZrn xg' . c8 gf) [k|f) c ] l9kL lh2L 6]s . c8sn gf) [;+)
\ sn] s'g} Jojxf, 36gf cflb o:tf] eof] xf]nf eGg] ;f]rfO cg'dfg cGbfh cGhfd c8\sn . ~
Ltf gf) tYoff l;4 geO{ vfln cGbfhsf edf ulPsf] jf elgPsf] s'f] vfln cg'dfg kmf];|f]
f . kRr' lj) != c8snafhL ug]{ c8snuLtf ufpg] . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . #= sf]f sNkgfs
f cfwfdf nufOPsf] cGbfh skf]nslNkt s'f] kl5 sfd lalu|g] a9L ;Defjgf x'g] sf]f cg'dfg
]k|df0fsf] nv . afh lj) != cGbfh jf cg'dfg nufpg] c8sn ug{ l;kfn' . @= tYotkm{ Hof
bf Wofg glbg] lgfwf s'f ug{ vlKk; cGbfh}cGbfhsf edf s'g} sfds'faf] wf0ff agfpg]
u'L xfFSg] cGbfhafh . afhL gf) != cGbfh cg'dfg . @= k|foM tYodf cfwflt gx]sf] l:yl
#= s'g} sfds'fdf rflxg]eGbf a9L cGbfh nufpg] afgL . (pbf) lj1fgsf If]qdf sf]f c8sna
fhLn] sfd rNb}g . ) c8u lj) [c 8u ] g8Ug] cfgf] :yfg jf s'fdf 6]s lng] c6n . c8\uf g
8\ c\uf] != s'g} sfds'fdf of] jf Tof] ldNb}g egL lbOPsf] afwf jf av]8f . (pbf) fd h'g;
's} avt klg sfddf vfln c8\uf xfN5 .) lj) @= To:tf] c8\uf jf c8\sf] xfNg] (JolQm pbf
) fd t c8\uf 5 x} .) c8a8 gf) [c) d")] != cK7]f] l:ylt afwfhgs cj:yf bf]7f . lj) @
ldn]sf] pa8vfa8 ePsf] ;Dd gk]sf] . c8af\u ] lj) [c8af\uf] P] != st} klg gldNbf] c8e
= cw{\uL . c8af\uf] lj) [;+) c4{e\u ] != cldNbf] :jefjsf] ldng;f gePsf] . @= cw{l;NnL
w{\uL . c8a]v8a] lj) [c) d")] cUnf]xf]rf] kL ;tx gldn]sf] vfN6fv'N6L k]sf] (hldg, 7fp
cflb) . c8e\u] lj) [k|f) c ;+) e\u] != cK7ff] . @= s'f gldNg] cldNbf] ldng;f g
u ] . > c8e\Uofxf lj) csf{l;t cldNbf] cK7ff] :jefj ePsf] . c8fO gf) [ c8\ ( cfO)] c
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ ] c8fOg' s) lqm) c8fpg] sfd ulg' c8\g nfOg' . c8fp lj) w]}
do;Dd l6Sg] l6sfp vkfp . c8fpg' ;) lqm) != s'g} ultdf ePsf] jf v:g] rLhnfO{ s'g} cf
wfdf f]Sg' yfDg' . k|]) lqm) @= c8fg lng] kfg'{ c8fpg' l6sfpg' .

&*sf] c\s . lj) @= ;txQkl5sf] ;\Vofdf kg]{ ;QL cf7sf of]u;\Vofsf] . c7f gf) [k|f
ci6fbz] != b; cf7sf] of]u;\Vof !*sf] c\s . lj) @= uGtLsf qmddf ;qkl5sf] ;\Vofdf kg]{
; cf7sf of]u;\Vofsf] . kf]n gf) af]8Ldf cfwflt wfgL{ k|0ffnLsf]cg';f/ la;f}nLeGbf s
d kldf0fsf] tf}n . > c7ff} lj) uGb} nfFbf c7f ;
\Vofdf kg]{ c7f ;
\Vofsf] . c7f;L g
cfl; < ;+) ci6fzLlt ] != c;L cf7sf] of]u;
\Vof **sf] c\s . lj) @= c;L cf7sf of] u ;
ofsf] ;tf;Lkl5sf] ;\ V ofdf kg] { . > c7fl;cf}c7fl;of} lj) c7f;L ;
\Vofdf kg]{ c7f;
fsf] . cl7ucl7
cl7
\u gf) [cfF7OFu O
O
\u] zLsf] c
\u jf xf8sf] hf]gL{ cf

s hft c7}F;f] . c7]
gf)x]) c7\of
. d7]
lqm)lj)x]) c7\of
d7\of
. c7];f] gf) [cF7f
f]sf cflbsf vfkfdf vf]Ng jf nufpg x'g] uL hl8Psf] j:t' xftf] d'f{ . c7};f] gf) [clof
f]] sd;n vfnsf] s]fsf] Ps e]b cl7of . c7f]6 \ g' ;) lqm) [c7f]6 g'] != lgwf] ug'{ lg0f
o ug'{ . @= aGbf]a:t ldnfpg' thlah ug'{ . c7f]6 gf) [k|f) cjt\ < ;+) cy{jt\] != kSs
f;Fu ulPsf] lgwf] jf lg0f{o 7x . @= thlah th'{df . #= cg'dfg c8sn nv . c7f]6fO gf) [
]6\ (cfO)] c7f]6g \ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] c7f]6fOg' s) lqm)c7f]6g \ nfOg
' c7f]6g \ ] sfd ufOg' . c7f]6fpg' k|]) lqm) c7f]6\g nfpg' c7f]6\g] sfd ufpg' . c7f]l
6g' ;) lqm) c7f]6\g] sfd ulg' c7f]6 ulg' . c7f]Q;o lj) [;+)ci6f]Qzt ] Ps;o cf7 ;
\V
* wfld{s b[li6n] Hofb} dxjk"0f{ dflgg] ;f] ;
\Vofsf] . (pbf) :j:yfgLsf] j|tk"hfcGtu{t
c7f]Q;o k"mn, cIftf cflb r9fOG5 kfFr;'t] c7f]Q;o aQL afNgfsf] 7"nf] dlxdf 5 .) c7f
g
) [c) d")] != sfds'f ub}{ hfFbf kg{ cfPsf] c;lhnf] cj:yf c7]
. @= sl7gfO d'l:sn . #=
s'g} sfd ug]{ qmddf klxn] s'g sfd ug]{ eGg] bf]wf c7]
. d7f
lqm) lj) sfd ug{ cK7f
uf]ndfn x'g] uL u8a8 uf]ndfn bf]7f
. c8\g' c) lqm) [k|f) c8\8 < ;+) c g'] != ult a
fFsf] txLF x'g' jf xg' f]lsg' yfldg' . @= s'g} s'fdf cl8u xg' . #= cL jf c8fg lng' .
ufO{e}F;L cflb

c8fgcf c8fg gf) [c8\ cfg ] != cfgf] s'fdf b[9 x'g] sfd lh2L b[9 . @= c8\g] jf la;fpg
F . #= olt lj>fd . ~ lng' 6') cfgf] s'fdf l6lsxg' 8]u grNg' . c8fxf lj) [c8\ cfxf ]
plrt jf cg'lrt h]h:tf] eP klg c8fg lnOxg] cfgf] s'f g5f8\g] cL lng] lh2Ljfn . @= lx
bflxF8\b} jf sfd ubf{ub}{ 6Ss f]lsg] afgL ePsf] c8}of cl8on . cl8u lj) [c l8u] != 8]u
grNg] grndnfpg] jf gxlNng] . @= cfgf] s'f g5f8\g] jf To;df c8fg lng] b[9 . cl8gL gf)
[c8\ OgL] fhbaf jf f0ffxsf bafsf efG;]xsL gfOs]gL c8]gL c8}gL . cl8g' c) lqm) [c
sfd ulg' f]lsg' yfldg' . @= cflvL kg'{ vfFrf] kg'{ uh{ kg'{ . #= cL lng' x7L x'g'
;]sf], k;]sf] cflb 7fpFaf6 aflx glg:sg' c8\sg' . %= grNg' gxNng' fd|L ufl8g' . cl8Gr]
f) [g]jf)] ;;fgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ nfUg] ?Gr] f]u . (k]6 af]s]sf jf ev aRrf kfPsf cfOdfO
{n] afnsnfO{ 5f]Pdf cl8Gr] f]u nfU5 eGg] egfO lyof] .) . cl8on lj) [c8\ Oon ] != h]h
:tf] eP klg cfgf s'fdf cl8xg] cL lng] lh2Ljfn . @= lxF8\bflxF8\b} aLrdf cl8g] jf f]
:jefj ePsf] (3f]8f) c8fxf . cl8nf] lj) [c8\ Onf]] != l6Sg] cf8 lbg] blx|nf] . @= c8Lc8
lxF8g \ ] :jefjsf] lxF8b \ flxF8b \ } c8\g] (3f]8f) c8fxf cl8on . c8]gL gf) x]) cl8
gL . c8]L gf) [c08 PL ] nfdfnfdf sfF9f x'g] km}n] emf8L x'g] Ps hftsf] jg:klt . c8];
[c8\ P;] != s'g} j:t', leQf], tlsof cflbdf 9lNsP cf8 lng] sfd cf8 lng] j:t' jf 7fpF
cf8f . @= Wofg ubf{ xft c8fOg], 8NofF7fsf cfsfsf] sf7sf] ;fwg . bf lj) c8]; nfUg x'g
c8]; nfUg] j:t' jf Joj:yf ePsf] . > c8];f gf) c8]; cf8 . c8]l;g' c) lqm) [c8]; O g'] c
8 lng' e kg'{ c8];f nfUg' 9]lKkg' . c8];f] gf) [c8\ P;f] ] != xfjf cflbn] ofn9f]sf a
f];\ egL vfkfdf nufOg] kmnfd] c\s';] jf sf7sf] r's'n vfkf rf}sf];sf aLrdf hl8Psf]
7f}sf] ofn9f]sfsf] cf8f . @= ofn9f]sfnfO{ aGb ulfVg] r'sn ' . c8}of lj) [c8\ P]of] c
df cl8xg] c8fxf cl8on . c8}gL gf) x]) cl8gL . c8\sg' c) lqm) [c8\sf] g'] != clNemP
. @= s'g} afwfc8\sfp k] cl8g' . #= s'g} s'f Kjfn jf To:t}
18

7fpFdf 3';]k;] lg:sg g;Sg' yfldg' . $= vfFrf] x'g' uh{ kg'{ xhf{ x'g' . c8\sn\g' ;)
[c8sn g'] cGbfh ug'{ of] olt, o:tf] jf oqf] 5 egL nv sf6\g' cg'dfg ug'{ . > c8\snfO
gf) c8\sn ug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof cg'dfgufO . c8\snfOg' s) lqm) c8\snfpg] sfd ulg
' c8\sNg nfOg' . c8\snfpg' k|) ] lqm) c8\sNg nfpg' c8\sn ug{ nufpg' cg'dfg ufpg' . c8
\slng' s) lqm) c8\sn ulg' cg'dfg ulg' . c8\sfO gf) [ c8\s ( cfO)] c8\sg] efj, lqmof
k|lqmof . [ > ] c8\sfOg' s) lqm) c8\sfpg] sfd xf]Og' c8\sg nfOg' . c8\sfp gf) [c8\sc
fp] s'g} s'fsf] vfFrf] xhf{ jf c8\sf] afwf efFhL c6\sfp . > c8\sfpg' ;) lqm) != rlnx
] jf rNg] sfds'fnfO{ f]Sg' jf aGb ug'{ yfDg' . @= s'g} j:t' st} cNemfpg' jf hf]N6fpg
' . #= uh{ kfg'{ vfFrf] kfg'{ . k|]) lqm) $= c8\sg] kfg'{ cNemfpg' . k8\sfp gf) !=
s'g} sfd jf Jojxfsf] ultdf kg]{ afwf f]s6f]s . @= c8\sf]k8\sf] xhf{ uh{ . c8\lsg' c)
m) [c8\s O g'] != s'g} rlnx]sf] jf rNg] s'f f]lsg' jf aGb x'g' yfldg' . @= cNemg' km:g
#= vfFrf] x'g' uh{ kg'{ xhf{ x'g' . c8\sf] gf) [c8\s cf]] != afwf c8\sfp cNemfO . @=
fFrf] xhf{ jf uh{ . #= kx]nL . ~ yfKg' 6') s'g} s'fsf] xn ugf{sf lglDt ;d:of v8f ug
'{ ufpFvfg] syf eGg' . k8\sf] gf) vgvfFrf] c8\sfpk8\sfp cfjZostf . c8\sf]k8\sf] t]ns
f] w"k (pvfg) . cf gf) [;+) c] hflu] JolQmxn] cfgf] clwsfsf] txcg';f sfd ug]{ ;sf
;\u7g jf 7fpF sfof{no . @= d'2fdfldnfsf] l5gkmfg uL Gofolg;fkmsf] sfd ug]{ sfg'gL sf
of{no cbfnt . #= pxL vfnsf j}w jf cj}w sfd ug]{ cDdnL, ukmf8L, rf], 8fFs" cflb hDd
f x'g] jf f]lsg] 7fpF cv8f . ~ cbfnt gf) b]jfgL, kmf}hbfL jf dfn;DaGwL sfof{no cfxs
;d"x Gofokflnsf jf sfo{kflnsf;DaGwL sfof{noxsf] ;d'bfo cfvfgf . vfgf gf) cf jf cfx
ejg cfxsf] ;d'bfo . ~ hfr gf) P]gsfg'g, lgod ;jfnadf]lhd sfd 7Ls;Fu ePgePsf] jf sd{r
xn] ;f]cg';f sfd u]gu]sf] k|foM PsfPs 58\s] hfFr uL P]g;jfn Ltk"js { sfd ug{ nufpg]
cf . ~ k|dv ' gf) cfdf sfd ug]{ sd{rfLxdf ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] bhf{sf] sd{rfL cfsf] x
. ~ a:g'nfUg' 6') sfof{no jf cbfntsf] sfd ;'? x'g' . jfn lj) cfsf] dfG5] sd{rfL hf

19

cLctM s]xL j}ofs0fxsf dtcg';f zAbx zAbsf c0f'c0f' ldn] ag]sf x'G5g\ eGg] l;4fGt .
) c0f'jfb dfGg] jf To;sf] cg'ofoL . @= g}oflos j}zl] ifs bz{g dfGg] aNnefrfo{sf] c
g'ofoL (j}i0fj) . jLIf0f oGq gf) c0f' jf ;"Id kbfy{nfO{ b]Vg ;lsg] ;fwg jf pks0f ;"
Idbz{s oGq . j| t gf) h} g ;Dk| b fodf lgwf{ l t u[ x :y wd{cGtu{tsf kfFrj6f sfo{
(k|f0ffltkft, d[iffjfb, cbQfbfg, d}yg ' klu|x) af6 ljd0f of lgj[lQsf] ck]Iff flvg]
j|t . (kft~hn of]uzf:qdf log} kfFr s'fnfO{ od l:jsflPsf] 5 .) c08 gf) [;+)] != kf]yL
hLjhGt'ff pTkflbt k|hggzLn sL6f0f'x ePsf] l8Da pQm l8Dadf cGtlg{lxt k|hggzLn kbfy{ .
@= rfr'?\uL cflbn] kfg]{ k|hggzLn kbfy{ ePsf] l8Da To;nfO{ a]g]{ hfnf];d]t wf0f ug
]{ uf]nf] nfDrf] vf]:6f];d]t ePsf] j:t' cG8f l8Da l8Daf k'mn . #= jLo{ z'qm . $= hLjh
Gt'sf] efn] hfltsf] hgg]lGb|osf km]bdf e'mlG8Psf 5fnfsf y}nfleqsf b'O{ af6'nf u]
8f cfF8f c08sf]z . %= a|Xdf08 ljZj . sf]if gf) :tgkfoL hLjhGt'sf efn] hftsf] ln\u jf
hgg]lGb|osf dlGtsf] jLo{jfxs lkmns 5fnfsf] y}nL cfF8 . R5]bg gf) c08sf]ifsf] lrkmf
{ sfd . h lj) cG8faf6 k}bf x'g] k'mnaf6 hGdg] (rfr'?\uL, ;k{, df5f O)) . d"n gf) c
jf cfF8fsf] hf l8Da pTkGg x'g] kf]yL hLjsf b'O{ k|hggcjojdWo] s'g} Ps c08 pTklQ x'g]
:qLof}gf\u . jflxgL gnL gf) :qL hfltsf kf7]3sf] d'v;Dd l8Dax Nofpg] sfd ug]{ gnL .
ljsf gf) c08sf]if;DaGwL s'g} klg f]u . ~ ljR5]bg gf) c08sf]if sf6] 5'fpg] lqmof .
gf) c08 jf c08sf]if a9\g] jf ;'lGgg] sfo{ c08sf]ifdf kfgL, af];f] cflb a9\g] f]u xG
8] f]u xfO8fl] ;n . zf]y gf) c08sf]ifsf] ;'hg c08sf]if ;'lGgg] lqmof . ~ l:y0f gf)
f]ifnfO{ lgZrn ufpg] lqmof . ~ :y"ng gf) c08sf]ifdf kfgLsf] dfqf a9L eP k'mNg] lqmo
f . c08f gf)x]) cG8f . c08fsfc08fs[lt lj) [;+)] rfr'?\uLsf k'mnsf] h:t} cfsf ePsf]
f] afGsL k]sf] uf]nfO ldn]sf] nflDrnf] . c08fzo gf) [;+) c08 cfzo] efn] hLjsf] c08 xg]
7fpF . c08] lj) [c08f P] != c08sf]if ;'lGgPsf] 7"nf c08 ePsf] . @= cfF8] . ctM lqm)
lj) [;+)] o; sf0fn] o;}n] o;lglDt o;p;n] . Pj lqm) lj) sf0f hgfpg] jf tYox atfpg]
jf jfSov08kl5 ;f] sf0fsf] kmn, c; jf tYosf] lgrf]8

;f gf) ;sfjfbL cleo'Qm jf bf]ifLnfO{ kqmfp uL Ps cfn] csf]{ cfnfO{ ;'DkFb} tf]lsPs
pFdf k'ofO{ a'emfpg] sfd . cL gf) [c8\ O{] != ofn9f]sfsf vfkfsf] v'f c8fpg] vf]laN6f]
. @= ;]gfn] bvn uL a;]sf] 7fpF . #= cfgf] s'fdf ljrlnt geO{ cl8xg] sfd lh2L x7 jf l9k
. ~ lng' 6') cfgf] a'Fbf g5f8\g' . c8fO gf) [ cl8 ( ofO)] cl8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
. [ > ] c8fOg' s) lqm) c8fpg] sfd ulg' c8\g nfOg' . c8fpg' ;) lqm) cl8g] kfg'{ c8\
g' ydfpg' . c9fO{ lj) [k|f) cfOo] ;
\Vofdf tLgeGbf cfwfn] sd jf b'O{eGbf cfwfn] a9L ;f
9] b'O{ . > c9}of gf) != c9fO{ ;] tf}nsf] 9s b'O{ ;] cfwfsf] 9s . @= c9fO{ c
\ssf] b'
f]6 . #= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f cfgf hGdflzb]lv ci6d :yfgdf xFbf;Dd Ps flzdf tL; dlxgf ef]
u ug]{ zlgu|xsf] bzf . cl0fdf gf) [;+)] != of]usf] cEof;ff xf]Og] c0f'h:t} ;fgf]kg ;
"Idtf . @= of]usf ci6l;l4 cl0fdf, dlxdf, uldf, nl3df, k|flKt, k|fsfDo, O{lzTj jlz
TjdWo] klxnf] . c0f' gf) [;+)] != s'g} klg tjsf] ;fx|} ;fgf] kdf0f'eGbf 7"nf] tyf l
jz]if oGqsf] ;xfotfljgf b]Vg, vl08t ug{ jf 6'qmfpg g;lsg], f;folgs ;+of]hgdf x]sf]
v08 jf 6'qmf . (of] k/df0f'x ldn] ag]sf] x'G5 h;sf] ;
\Vof ;hfj6ff s'g} klg kbfy{ cGo
kbfy{eGbf leGg x'G5 .) . adsf] s]Gb| eP x]sf], ;[hgfTds jf Wj+;fTds zlQmsf kdf kl0ft
x'g] ;"Id s0f . #= cfFvLofnleq k;]sf] k|sfzdf p8]sf] b]lvg] 5 kdf0f'hqf] w"nfsf]
;fgf] s0f . $= :jtGq cj:yfdf xg ;Sg] kbfy{df x]sf u'0fxnfO{ ;'lIft fVg ;Sg] kbfy{sf]
clt ;fgf] s0f jf dfqf . ~ hut\ gf) bz{gzf:qcg';f hut\nfO{ ;dli6 dfg] To;sf Go"gtd P
sfOxsf] ;"Idtd juL{s0f ulPsf] v08 jf c+z . ~ t
\u gf) ljB'ta \ f6 lgSng] Ps k|sfsf] H
} xNsf ;"Id t
\u jf nx (dfOqmf]je ] ) . ~ ad gf) lj:kmf]6s zlQm ePsf c0f'xsf] gfle (Kn
'6f]lgod o'l] god) sf] ljR5]baf6 k}bf x'g] k|of]u ubf{ Go'6gaf6 cf0fljs pmhf{ lg:s
g] ;+xfsfL ad c0f'af6 agfOPsf], k|xf ubf{ cf0fljs zlQmn] cfgf] kllwleqsf ;d:t j:t'xn
e:d kfg]{ ljls0fn] k|f0fLxnfO{ c
\ue
\u t'Nofpg] ad . ~ ef gf) != c0f'sf] jhg . @= c
sf] u'?Tj . jfb gf) != bz{gdf hLj jf cfTdfnfO{ c0f' dfGg] l;4fGt aNnefrfo{sf] dt .
@= kbfy{sf c0f'xnfO{ lgTo dfGg] l;4fGt j}zl] ifs bz{g ;f
\Voof]u, ufGwj{ljBf tyf h}g
x

ctYocltb]z lbg] qmddf k|of]u ulg], hf]8;d]t a'emfpg] zAb o;} sf0f o;} sf0fn] o;}n] .
Yo lj) [;+)] e"m6f] coyfy{ tYoeGbf ljkLt . ljk) tYo . ctlGb|tctlGb|n lj) [;+)] !=s'g}
klg tfgf glng] gpFg] cN5L gug]{ . @= hfuf ;fjwfg ;ts{ . ljk) tlGb|n . cts{gLo lj) [;+
] != ts{ff hfGga'g g;lsg] ts{eGbf ksf] ctSo{ . ctls{t lj) [;+)] != ;f]Rt} g;f]r]sf]
g} gu]sf] sNkgf g} gulPsf] . @= cfsl:ds crfgs cfOk]sf] . ctSo{ lj) [;+)] ts{ ug}{ g;
sg] jf gkg]{ cGbfh ug{ g;lsg] clrGTo . ctn lj) [;+)] != kLFw kQf nufpg g;lsg] e'OF 5
'g g;lsg] lsl;dsf] Hofb} ulxf] yfxf kfOg;Sg' ulxf] cyfx ulxf] . gf) @= k"jL{o kf}fl0f
e"uf]ncGtu{t ;Kt kftfn (ctn, ljtn, ;'tn, tnftn, dxftn, ;ftn kftfn) dWo] klxnf] .
:kzL{ lj) != kLFw;Dd 5'g] kftfn 5'g] . @= Hofb} ulxf] yfxf kfOg;Sg' ulxf] cyfx ulxf]
Gt uxg (pbf) pxfFsf] ctn:kzL{ ljQfaf6 sf] k|efljt gxf]nf ) . ctff\lst lj) [;+)] tffs
lrXg gnfu]sf] jf glbOPsf] ljlzi6 t'Nofpg tffsf] lrXg gnufOPsf] tffsf] lrXg gnufOPsf]
lnlvt kdf g} pQ lbg'kg]{ (ljwflosfsf] a}7sdf ulg] k|Zg) . ljk) tff\lst . ctflng' c
qm) [cflQ g' ] != ?Fbf?Fb} ;f; km]g{ ufx|f] kL cflQP emg\emg\ 7"nf] :jn] ?g' sxflnP ?
. @= ?Fbf?Fb} ;f; f]lsP a]xf];h:tf] x'g' ljXjn x'g' cnlNng' clNng' . #= a'l4e|d x'g'
lQg' . > ctfn] lj) ctflng] :jefj ePsf] ?Fbf?Fb} a]xf];h:t} x'g] . ctfNofO gf) ctfln
g] lqmof, lsl;d jf efj . ctfNofOg' s) lqm) ctfNofpg] sfd ulg' ctflng nfOg' . ctfNof
pg' k|) ] lqm)ctflng] kfg'{ cofpg' . ctf; gf) [k|f) cQf; < ;+) cltqf; <] != s'g} s'fa
f6 dg Hofb} cflQg] lqmof To;af6 8fpg] jf qf; dfGg] efj . @= 7"nf] 8, qf; jf eo cTof;
cft'; . > ctfl;g' c) lqm) ctf; dfGg' ctf;df kg'{ cflQg' . ctf:ofO gf) ctfl;g] efj, l
sl;d jf lqmof . ctf:ofOg' s) lqm) ctf:ofpg] sfd ulg' ctfl;g nfpg' . ctf:ofpg' k|) ]
lqm) cTof; nfUg] t'Nofpg' ctfl;g nfpg' cofpg' . clt pk) [;+)] != gfd ljz]if0f zAbsf]
clulNt nfuL cflwSo, ;LdfpNn\3g, >]i7tf, cltzotf cflb a'emfpg] pk;u{ (cltj[li6, cl
tqmd0f, cltj[4, cTofrf O)) . lj) @= Hofbf Hofb} cf}wL cltzo cToGt . (pbf) fd t
20

clt sfd ub{5 pm clt l;kfn' klg 5 .) s07 lj) efiffzf:qcg';f s07:yfgsf] km]baf6 pRrlt
'g] (Wjlg) . sfn gf) != lgwf{lteGbf a9L ;do ca] ljnDa . @= s'g} d\unsfo{ jf ;+:sfs
Dt lgwf{lt ;do lat]pk|fGtsf] ;do . qmd gf) != qmd jf l;nl;nfsf] g3fO . @= ;Ldf, do
f{bf jf lgodsf] pNn\3g ug]{ ltgsf lj?4 Jojxf ug]{ sfd ;do latfpg] sfd . qmd0f gf) !
s'g} s'fsf] :jLs[t jf lgwf{lt ;Ldf gfg] sfd . @= tf]lsPsf] clwsfsf kllwsf] pNn\3g .
= s'g} d'ns ' sf] lgwf{lt cGtf{li6o l;dfgf kf ug]{ sfd ;Dk|e'tf x]sf] e"efu jf hn;Ldf
jfo';Ldfpk cGo d'ns ' jf JolQmff cj}w k|j]z To; lsl;dsf] cfqmd0f jf x:tIf]k . qmDo l
) cltqmd0f ug{ ;lsg] . qmfGt lj) != gf3]sf] . @= dof{bf jf ;LdfeGbf k k'u]sf] . #=
lat]sf] JotLt . ~ ug' { 6') crfSnL ug'{ . (pbf) s'g} sfddf klg clt ug'{ x'Fb}g .)
clt ug", { cTofrf gug"{ (pvfg) . ~ uf]Ko lj) != ;DalGwt JolQmafx]s cn] yfxf kfpg gx
'g] jf yfxf gkfPsf] . @= Hofb} uf]Ko uL jf n'sfP fVg'kg]{ (lr6\7Lkq, sfuhft cflb) .
gf) #= ;DalGwt JolQmafx]s cn] k9\g lgif]w ulPsf] sfuhftsf] aGbL vfddf n]lvg] jf 5
fk nufOg] zAb . rf gf) != csf{nfO{ Hofb} 7"nf] afwf jf si6 k'Ug] uL dof{bf jf ;Ldf
gf3] ulg] sfo{ ug{ gx'g] jf ug{ g;'xfpg] sfd . @= s;}dflysf] Hofb} 7"nf] cGofo cTofr
f HofbtL . #= u|x cflbsf] :jfefljs ulteGbf a9L ult ePsf] cj:yf . clt ug"{, cltrf gu
g"{ (pvfg) . rfL lj) cltrf jf cTofrf ug]{ cTofrfL cGofoL . cltly gf) [;+)] != ltl
Lsg jf gaf]nfO{sg cfpg] kfx'gf cgfx"t . @= s'g} klg kfx'gf cEofut . #= cfdlGqt Jol
Qm . $= ;dff]x cflbdf ljz]if ;Ddfgsf ;fy lgDTofOPsf] JolQm . %= s'g} sfof{no, sDk
gL cflbaf6 vl6P ;DalGwt sfof{no, sDkgL cflbdf ljz]if sfo{jz cfOk'u]sf] JolQm . ~
sIf gf) cltlysf] nflu agfOPsf] sf]7f . ~ u[x gf) cltlysf] nflu agfOPsf] 3 kfx'gf3 .
j gf) cltlysf] u'0f, kb jf cf;g . ~ lgjf; gf) kfx'gf3 . ~ ;Tsf gf) cltlysf] ;]jf jf x
]rfx . ~ ;bg gf) kfx'gf3 . ~ ;]jf gf) cltlysf] ;]jf cltly;Tsf . cltb]o lj) [;+)] tf]
sf] ;doleq sfd g;Stf a'emfpg'kg]{ sd ga'emfpFbf lbg'kg]{ lgwf{lt Dofb jf ;do u'h|]k
l5 klg lgodn] ljz]if z'Ns ltL s'g} sfd ;DkGg ug{ jf s'g} sd a'emfpg 5'6 lbOPsf] cj
:yfdf lbg'kg]{ (z'Ns O)) . cltb]z gf) [;+)] != lj:tflt k|of]u . @= Pp6fsf] u'0f cs
f]{df ;fg]{ sfd . #= Pp6fdf nfu" eP klg csf{df ;fb[Zoff nfu" x'g ;Sg] lgod (Jofs0fdf
, bz{gdf O)) .

21

cltw[ltctLlGb|o kq gf) k|d'v kq;Fu} ylkPsf] csf]{ kq . ~ ah]6 gf) ;fdfGo ah]6b]lv l
eGg yk ah]6 ljsf;ah]6 . ~ ef gf) ;fdfGo sfd, vr{ cflbeGbf a9L kg{ uO{ x'g] af]em .
~ nfe gf) ;fdfGoeGbf w] dfqfdf k|fKt x'g cfPsf] nfe jf nfef+z . ~ Joo gf) lgwf{lteGb
f w] vr{ ;fdfGoeGbf w] vr{ . ~ x'nfs gf) ;sfaf6 :jLs[lt k|fKt uL :yfgLo hg;xof]uaf6
flnt x'nfs 5f]6L x'nfseGbf tNnf] txsf] x'nfs . > cltlQmf\s gf) != lgoldt ;dodf k|sfl
zt x'g] kqklqsfsf] c\safx]s vf; cj;df lgsflng] yk c\s . @= kqklqsf cflbn] vf; lbg jf
cj;df yk] lgsfn]sf] cltlSt k[i7 (h:tf] zlgjf;Lo cltlQmf\s) . clt?lrf gf) [;+)] hu
f, ;u0f hu0fff aGg] afx| cIf ePsf] rf}yf] cIfdf olt ePsf] jfl0f{s 5Gb . clt]s gf)
] != cfjZostfeGbf a9L dfqfdf ePsf] l:ylt . @= x'g'kg]{eGbf a9L ePsf] cj:yf . #=
cltlQm k|r ' tf cflwSo kpn (efjflt]s, xiff{lt]s O)) . cltjfbL lj) [;+)] != s'g} s'f
fGt jf sfddf kfsfi7fdf k'Ug] pu| . @= Hofb} qmflGtsfL pu|kGyL pu|jfbL rdkGyL . cltlj
f) [;+)] != s'g} j:t', ljifo jf sfds'fsf] ;'xfpFbf]eGbf w] lj:tf . @= s'g} sfds'f Ho
fb} nDa]tfg ePsf] l:ylt . #= nfUg'kg]{eGbf Hofb} ;dosf] Joo . cltj[li6 gf) [;+)]
!= rflxg]eGbf a9L k]sf] emL . @= xflggf]S;fgL k'ofpg] jiff{ jf emL . cltJoflKt gf) [;
+)] != km}ng'kg]e { Gbf a9L km}nfO . @= ljz]if j:t'nfO{ ;fdfGo nIf0fff kleflift ubf
{ x'g] ts{zf:qLo jf Gofozf:qLo bf]if . cltzSsL gf) [;+)] != ;f7L OGrafasf] kldf0f . @
= x]s kfpdf kGw| cIf x'g], zf:qLo 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . cltzo lqm) lj) [;+)] != Hofb} cToG
t . gf) @= s'g} s'fsf] pQf]Q ;Defjgf jf c;Defjgf b]vfpg] Ps nIf0f . > cltzof]lQm gf)
jf:tljstfeGbf a];L a9fO{r9fO{ fd|f] kfL elgPsf] s'fdf x'g cfpg] Ps cn\sf pkdfgnfO{ l
sf uL pkd]onfO{ g} pkdfgsf :yfgdf k|:t't ubf{ x'g cfpg] Ps cyf{n\sf . (pbf) rGb|dfdf
b'O{j6f sdn x'Fbf x'g\ t pgsf] d'x'8fsf] pkdf lbg ;lsGYof] .) clt;f gf) [;+)] vfPs
f s'f gkrL kftnf] b'u{GwL lb;f eOxg] f]u cfpFsf] f]u . ctLt lj) [;+)] != lat]sf] uPs
O;s]sf] e"t . @= d]sf] d[t . gf) #= lat]sf] ;do u'h|]sf] sfn plxn]sf] sfn . ctLlGb|o
j) [;+)] != OlGb|osf] kx'r F eGbf aflxsf] OlGb|off

cltw[lt gf) [;+)] != k|To]s kfpdf pGgfO{;j6f cIf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] 5Gbsf] e]b . @= jf
:t' tyf d"lt{snfdf ;o OGrafasf] gfkf]nfO{ a'emfpg k|of]u x'g] zAb . cltg"tgfZdo'u g
f) [;+)] cfheGbf Ps sf]8 rfnL; nfv jif{ klxn] k|fDe ePsf] o'u lzjflns kj{t ;[li6 eP
sf] o'u . cltk|hgg gf) [;+)] != hGdfOsf] 7"nf] qmd jf b hg;\Vofsf] cTof;nfUbf] j[l4
. @= d[To'beGbf a9L ePsf] hGdb . cltk| ; \ u gf) [ ;+ ) ] s' g } s' faf] ;Gbe{ cyf{
t \ cfjZostfeGbf a9L x'g] rrf{ . @= plrteGbf w] dfqfdf ulg] d}y'g . cltanf gf) [;+)
] ;'7'gLsf h:tf xlof lrNnf kft x'g], u'G7'lgPsf] nxf] e'O{Fdf nlqP a9\g], ;]tf kx]F
nf sf ;;fgf k"mn k'mNg] cf}iflwsf lglDt k|of]u x'g] Ps hftsf] nxf] . cltd"q gf) [;+)
] k6sk6s lk;fa nfluxg] Ps f]u ax'dq " . cltoyfy{jfb gf) [;+)] k|yd ljZjo'4kl5 oyfy{jf
bsf lj?4 ;~rflnt, aflxL OlGb|osf ;fdfGo cfwfaf6 k|dfl0ft ug{ g;lsg] ;fwf0f oyfy{eGb
f klg u"9 tYonfO{ tTIf0fsf cjr]tg dgsf ljz[\vn / :jrflnt cleJolQmdf hf]8 lbOg] Ps
cfGbf] n g jf To;cg' ; fsf] l;4fGt clwoyfy{jfb . clt~hs lj) [;+)] != s'g} s'fnfO{ rf
lxg]eGbf a9L j0f{g ug]{ a9fO{r9fO{ kmdf{P aofg ug]{ . @= s'f ubf{ k"mnh8L eg]{ . clt~
hgclt~hgf gf) [;+)] != rflxg]eGbf a9L aofg Hofb} kmdf{P jf a9fP tflkm ug]{ sfd . @=
tf jf ltn:dL lsl;dn] s'g} 36gf jf kfq cflbsf] j0f{g ug]{ sfd . cltl~ht lj) [;+)] c
lt~hg ulPsf] jf:tjdf ePeGbf a9fO{r9fO{ aofg ulPsf] . cltyL gf) [;+)] yLxdf ;aeGbf
b g]kfnL ;}lgsdf c\u|]hL ;]gfsf] lkmN8df;{n txafasf] kbjL . cltlQm lj) [;+)] != ePsfd
c yk . @= rflxFbf]eGbf a9\tf kmfNt" . #= pla|Psf] pa|g] . gf) of]) $= afx]s . lqm)
lj) %= a];Ldf a9Ldf . ~ cfo gf) lgoldt cfDbfgLeGbf a];L cfDbfgL . ~ s gf) ;fdfGo seG
bf a9L s . ~ lqmofsnfk gf) lzIf0f;+:yfdf ljBfyL{sf nflu lgwf{lt kf7j:t'eGbf aflxsf] l
qmofsnfk (v]ns'b, gf6s, jfbljjfb O)) . ~ GofofwLz gf) sfddf t}gfy d'Vo GofofwLzsf
] dftxtdf lgo'Qm yk GofofwLz . ~

ctLjcq yfxf kfpg g;lsg] cuf]r . gf) @= ;f\Vobz{gsf cg';f kdfTdf . #= j]bfGtsf cg';f
. ctLj lqm) lj) [;+)] v'a} Hofb} cToGt cToGt} c;fWo} . ctL; gf) [;+)] nfdfnfdf k"mn k
mnL lsDa'sf] h:tf] kmn nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] plQ;h:tf] v . ct'sfGt lj) [;+)] cGTodf t's
gldn]sf] cGTofg'kf| ;ljxLg . ct'n lj) [;+)] != cGbfh ug{ jf tf}lng g;lsg] . @= afaL
gePsf] c;dfg . #= pkdf gePsf] s;};Fu bfFHg gldNg] cg'kd . $= cTolws cToGt} a9L Hofb}
a9L Hofb} 7"nf] . > ct'ngLo lj) cGbfh ug{ jf bfFHg g;lsg] . @= afa gePsf] c;dfg . #=
pkdf gePsf] cg'kd . ct'No lj) != t'ngf g} x'g jf ug{ g;lsg] . @= hf]8f g} gePsf] .
#= gfKg jf kldf0f lng g;lsg] . lqm) lj) $= cToGt} Hofb} a]hf]8 cg'kd . ct[Kt lj) [;+
)] != vfB j:t'x vfP k]6 gelPsf] ef]s zfGt gePsf] . @= hg';'s} ljifosf] lh1f;faf6 ;Gt
'i6 gePsf] af}l4s jf dfgl;s ef]sn] ;tfPsf] . > ct[lKt gf) != dg gc3fPsf] l:ylt k]6
gelg] cj:yf . cQ gf) [c) Oq ] != k"mn cflb ;'ulGwt j:t'af6 lgsflnPsf], ljz]if lsl;d
sf] dudu af:gf cfpg] ;f v':a' . @= dL7f] af:gf jf ;'uGw . #= ufFhf, ef cflbaf6 lgsf
lnPsf] ;f . ~ u'nfkmu'nfa gf) ;fdfGo u'nfkmeGbf w]} ftf] jf kx]Fnf] x'g], ;'s]kl5 klg
af:gf lxxg], cQ agfpg] sfddf k|of]u x'g] Ps k|sfsf] u'nfkm . 5fnf gf) != zLsf] af
nfeGbf leq fgLdf;'eGbf aflxsf] kftnf] 5fnf . @= af]6la?jfsf] af]qmfeGbf leq knfF;e
Gbf aflxsf] kftnf] hfnL . cQflng' c) lqm) x]) ctflng' . cQf] gf) [k|f) cQ > ;+) cfQ]
!= glafPsf s'fdf nufOPsf] bf]if jf cff]k kmt' . @= c8\sf] . ~ g kQf] gf) s'g} s'fsf
]p6'Kkf] ghflgg] jf e]p gkfOg] rfn s'g} sfd s'fsf af]df s]xL klg yfxf gx'g] l:ylt .
kQf] gf) s'g} lsl;dsf] 7x7]ufgf s;}sf cj:yfsf] ;\s]t jf lrXg ;'Os F f] . cofO gf) [
( cfO ) ] != 8, wfs, wDsL cflb pTkGg ufpg] efj, lqmof jf lsl;d t;f{O . [cofpcfO] @=
fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] cofOg' s) lqm) 8, wfs, wDsL cflbdf kflg' t;f{Og' .
cofp gf) cofO . cofpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) 8, wfs, xKsL b]vfpg' eo pTkGg ufpg' t;f{
g'{ cflQg] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nufpg' . cofx6 gf) cflQg], cofpg] jf cofOg] lqmofk|lqmof co
Tofx6 . cTolws lj) [;+)] != Hofb} a9L Psbd} w]} . lqm) lj) @=
22

cToGt} . cToGt lj) [;+)] != oltplt eGg] ;Ldf gf3]sf] v"a Hofbf cTolws . lqm) lj) @=
clt w]} dfqfdf la5} . > cToGtfltzof]lQm gf) sfd x'ge ' Gbf klxn] g} sfo{l;l4sf] j0f{
g ulg] cltzof]lQm cn
\sfsf] Ps e]b . cToGtfefj gf) != s'g} s'fsf] s'g} ;do (e"t, jt{df
g eljiot\)df klg cl:tTj gx'g] cj:yf . @= rf k|sfsf cefj (k|fuefj, k|Wj+;fefj, cGof]
Gofefj cToGtfefj)dWo] rf}yf] slxNo} st} gx'g] jf x'g c;Dej s'f] . cToli7 gf) [;+)] c
;L cdnafasf] gfkf]nfO{ a'emfpg] zAb c;L OGrLsf] gfkf] . cTofO gf) [cflt ( cfO) != cfl
tg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof cofO . [cTofp cfO ] @= cTofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] cTofOg' s) lqm) x]) cofOg' . cTofpg' k|) ] lqm) x]) cofpg' . cTofrf gf) [;+)] != c
f{pk ulg] bafp lyrf]ldrf] . @= lgodsfg'g gf3] sdhf]pk ulg] cGofo hf]h'n'd pw'd c
w|f] fOFbfOF . > cTofrfL lj) != cTofrf ug]{ . gf) @= cTofrf ug]{ JolQm . cTofHo lj)
)] 5f]8g \ g;lsg] jf gx'g] TofUg gldNg] . cTofw'lgs lj) [;+)] ;d;fdlos jf cfw'lgs
cjlwdf ;aeGbf kl5Nnf ;dosf] Hofb} gofF (ljrf, sljtf, wff, z}nL, klkf6L O)) . cTof; gf
) [k|f) cQf; < ;+) cltqf; ] != s'g} sf0fn] lgs} 8fpg] jf tl;{g] lqmof jf cj:yf 7"nf
] 8 z\sf ePsf] qf; cTofx6 . @= sfdsf] x8a8L cft'L . dTof; lqm) lj) dg 7]ufgdf geP
t x'g] l:ylt a]rg } L jf 56k6L nfUg] lsl;d . ~ nfUbf] lj) != 8nfUbf] eofjx . > cTofl
;nf]cTof;] lj) != cTof; nfUg] lsl;dsf] sxfnLnfUbf] 8nfUbf] . @= 8fpg] 8 dfGg] ctfn
fx6 gf)x]) cofx6 . cTo'Qm lj) [;+)] a9fO{r9fO{ elgPsf] grflxFbf] co'Qm cTo'lQmk"0f{ .
> cTo'Qmf gf) Ps r0fdf b'O{ cIf dfq x'g] 5Gbsf] gfd jfl0f{s 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . > cTo'lQ
m gf) != s'g} j:t', JolQm jf sfds'fsf af]df jf:tjdf ePeGbf a9fO{r9fO{sg ulg] j0f{g c
of]lQm . @= eGgkg]{eGbf a9L dfqfdf s'g} s'f eGg] sfd To; k|sfsf] rrf{ jf egfO . #=
u'0f jf bf]ifsf] a9fO{r9fO{ ulg] k|l;4 Ps sfJofn\sf . cTo'Qd lj) [;+)] != pQdeGbf klg
pQd ;aeGbf pQd cToGt pQd . @= Hofb} c;n Hofb} a]; Hofb} pTs[i6 . #= d"Nof\sgsf qmddf
lgwf{lt ljleGg >]0fLdWo] pRr . cq lqm) lj) [;+)] oxfF . (k|frLg z}nLsf lr7Lkqdf k
|oQ ' m,

23

clqcbfntL cfsfsf] 9f8L . cbIf lj) [;+)] != s'g} vf; ;Lk jf ljz]if1tf gePsf] . @= ug'
{ k g] { sfd fd| L ug{ g;Sg] dv' G 8L . #= cNk1 (lzNkL, sd{rfL O)). tf gf) clgk'0
tf cNk1tf . cbtcbb gf) [c) cbb ] lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf uGtLsf] PsfO lhG;Lsf] uf]6f jf yfg
. cbgf lj) [kmf)] != s]xL ghfGg] c1fgL ca'em . @= lg:;xfo lgfl>t cf>oljxLg . (cbgf s
6fs]6L O)) . cbkcba gf) [c) cba ] != cfb0fLo hgk|ltsf] dfgdof{bf 7"nfa8fsf] cfbefp .
@= sfObf tlsf k'ofO{ ulg] Jojxf lzi6frf . #= cfk"meGbf dflyNnf txsf JolQmsf] k|efjd
'g] ;\sf]r jf 8 cg'zf;g . cbDe gf) [;+)] 3d08sf] cefj . cbDo lj) [;+)] != s'g} lsl;dn
] klg cfgf] jzdf kfg{ g;lsg] bafpg jf bdg ug{ g;lsg] s]xL ubf{ klg tx gnfUg] . @= v
"a alnof] . cbz{g gf) [;+)] != b]lvg g;Sg] x'gfsf] efj bz{gsf] cefj . @= nf]k cnk .
#= gfz ljno . cbn! gf) [c)] != OG;fkm ;bfrfsf] lgod . @= d'n'sL P]gsf] Ps dxn . cbn
@ lj) [;+)] x]) cbnLo . cbnabn gf) [c)] != ;do, dfGotf, d"No cflbdf b]vf kg]{ km]ab
n kljt{g x]km] . @= ;fkf . #= km]kmf . > cbnfabnLcbnLabnL gf) ;f6f;f6 jf ;f6km]
;+)] != s'g} bn jf kf6L{l;t ;DaGw gePsf] bn jf kf6L{sf] kl5 gnfu]sf] lgb{nLo . @=
bnljxLg laofF, bfg' gePsf] cbn . cbf gf) [c)] != r'Qmf jf km5f}6 { . @= xfpefp efje\u
. #= k ;f}Gbo{ . cbfR5] lj) [;+)cnIf ] Hofb} wgL wgf9 . cbfouL gf) [c)] lg jf lbPsf
'f] r'STofpg] jf e'Qmfg ug]{ sfd . cbfnt gf) [c)] != d'2fdfldnfdf GofoOG;fkm ug{ fl
vPsf] c8\8f . @= d'2fdfldnfsf] OG;fkm ug]{ clwsf kfPsf JolQmxsf] Ohnf; . sf] dfgxf
lg gf) cbfntdf Ohnf; rn]sf] jf d'2fsf] ax; ePsf] a]nfdf cbfntsf] jf cbfntsf sd{rfL
sf] a]OHht x'g] uL ulg] sfg'gljkLt ufnLuf]tf cbfntsf dof{bfdflysf] a]OHhtL . txl;n
cbfntsf] km};nfcg';f p7tLk'7tL cflbsf] sfd ug]{ Ps cf . cbfntL lj) [c) cbfnt O{ ] !=
cbfnt;DaGwL cbfntsf] . @= cbfntdf sfd ug]{ . #= d'2f n8\g] jf n8fpg] em]nL .

h:t} cq s'zn 5' .) clq gf) [;+)] != ;Ktlif{sZok, clq, efh, ljZjfldq, uf}td, hdblUg
lzi7dWo] Ps wd{zf:qsf k|jt{s clq;+lxtfsf lgdf{tf ltg} Clif . @= clquf]qsf k|jt{s
Clif . ~ uf]q gf) clq Clifsf] s'n jf j+zkDkfdf kg]{ (uf]tfd], rfkfufO{+, j:tL, ld>,
vltj8f, cf]emf, kf]v]n, kf}8]n cflb y x'g) ] afx'g5]qLsf] uf]q . cy lqm)lj) [;+)]
!= ca (k|frLg dWosfnLg u|Gysf] cfDedf cem} klg wfld{s sfof{lb cfDe ubf{ k|of]u ulg]
.) . lj) af]) @= ca cfDe x'g nfUof] x} gf) #= cfDe >Lu0f]z . (pbf) ltdLnfO{ o;sf] g
cy yfxf 5 g Olt g} .) Olt gf) cfDe tyf cGTo . cys lj) [;+)] != gyfs]sf] gyfSg] . @=
gyfsLsg ulPsf] . ] d'Vo cyj{ gf) [;+)] j]bsf rf k|sfdWo] Ps cyj{jb kdf zflGt, cler
lbsf af]df j0f{g ulPsf] Ps j]b . ~ j]b gf) cyj{ . > cyjf{ gf) cyj{jb ] sf Ps Clif .
cyjf ;+of]) [;+)] != zAb, jfSo jfSof+zdf ljsNk hgfpg] cJoo jf ls . (pbf) fd cyjf Zof
of] sfd x'G5 cyjf x'b F g } O)) . lqm) lj) @= geP xf]Og eg] ls eg] ls t . (pbf) cyjf
ltdL g} hfpm g t .) . #= lj) fd|f] ;Grf] (pbf) f]uLnfO{ clns cyjf eof] .) . gf) $=
;'la:tf ;Grf] . cyljrf gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljifo, k|;\u jf sfds'fsf af]df ca ljrf uf
cfzo . @= s'g} sfds'f ug]{ lgwf] ePkl5 ;f] sfds'f s]s;L ug]{ eGg] 5nkmn jf ;f]rljrf
. #= plQs} hl6n jf ;d:ofk"0f{ 7flgPsf b'O{ s'fsf af]df ;f]rljrf jf 5nkmn ub}{ hfFbf
Pp6frflxF sfds'fdf cln sd hl6ntf jf ;d:of cg'ej uL To;sf kIfdf ulPsf] e'msfp . cyfL
gf) bdfO{x + n] ahfpg] ;gO{ afhfsf aLrsf] clncln 3'd'ls{Psf], nx} Kjfn ePsf] sf7sf
] 9'\u|] efu . cyf] lj) [cyff] P] g;'xfpFbf] jf e2f lsl;dsf] 7"nf] Hofb} afSnf] (f]6L
s'rf{Fb] . cyff] lj) afSnf], df]6f] jf 9f];] (f]6L) . cyfx lj) [k|f) cTyfx] != Hofb}
ulxf] . @= yfxf kfpg ufx|f] kg]{ cufw cud . cy'nfO gf) [ cy'nfp ( cfO)] Hofbf df]6f
'g] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] cy'nfOg' c) lqm) y;'Nnf] xf]Og' df]6fOg' . cy'nfpg'
c) lqm) [cy'nf] cfp g'] Hofb} df]6f] x'g' y;'Nnf] jf 9f8L x'g' . cy'nf] lj) [;+)clt:y"
n] df]6fP jf k'mn] e2f b]lvg] :y"n

clbltc}t hfr gf) cbfntn] sfg'gcg';f cfjZos hfFra'em ug]{ sfd cbfntsf sd{rfLff sfg'
fdf lgodk"js { ulg] hfFra'em . ~ aGbf]a:t gf) Gofokflnsfsf] k|zf;lgs Joj:yf Gofokfln
sfsf] k|zf;lgs Joj:yfsf lglDt d'n'sL P]gdf Joj:yf ePsf] Ps v08 . ~ lnvt gf)cbfntd
f k]; ePsf lkmfbkq, k|ltpQkq cflb sfuhft . clblt gf) [;+)] k'f0f cflb cg';f sZok Clif
sL kTgL b]jtf jf cflbTosL dftf . cbLlIft lj) [;+)] bLIff glnPsf] bLIff k|fKt gu]sf]
. cb'jf gf) [k|f) c2 < ;+) cfb|{s ] != emG8} a];fsf] h:tf] af]6 kft eO{ e'Od F{ lg
lkf ufgf kmNg] Ps jg:klt . @= d;nf jf cf}iflwsf k|of]udf cfpg] pQm ufg' . kfg] lj
) uf]8fsf ;a} cf}Fnf a"9L cf}Fnflt a"9L cf}FnfrflxF leqlt kms]{sf] (v'f, dfG5] cflb
) cb'jfsf] kfgfh:tf] . cb"blz{tf gf) [;+)] cb"bzL{ x'gfsf] u'0f, :jefj jf l:ylt . cb
"bzL{ lj) [;+)] != 6f9f gx]g{] jf gb]Vg] glhssf] s'f dfq b]Vg] jf x]g]{ cNkbzL{ . @=
kl5sf] ;f]rljrf gug]{ eljiosf] s'f g;f]Rg] tTsfnsf] kmfObf dfq ljrf ug]{ . #= k[i7e"l
d jf kl0ffdaf] Wofg glbg] . $= ;f]r;dem gePsf] :y"na'l4 . cb"lift lj) [;+)] != bf]if
gePsf] lgbf]{if . @= rf]vf] z'4 kljq . cb[Zo lj) [;+)] != gb]lvg] cfFvfsf] kFx'r jf
b[li6eGbf ksf] . @= cuf]r k~r OlGb|on] 1fg ug{ g;lsg] . #= nf]k ePsf] jf n'Kt xfPsf]
foa cGtWof{g ePsf] . $= ck|ToIf kf]If . %= b}jL O{ZjLo . cb[i6 lj) [;+)] != gb]lvPsf]
]vf gk]sf] cfFvfsf cufl8 gk]sf] jf gx]sf] . @= gb]lvg] ePsf] n'Kt u'Kt ufoa . #= cGt
lxt x]sf] jf ePsf] cGtWof{g ePsf] . gf) $= efUo k|fAw lgolt . %= hGdfGtsf] jf;gf k"j
dsf] ;+:sf . ^= wd{cwd{ kfkk'0o . k"j { lj) klxn] slxNo} gb]lvPsf] jf ge]l6Psf] ce"t
k"j{ cgf}7f] ljlrq ljnIf0f crDdsf] cfZro{hgs lj:dosfL . ~ kmn gf) kfk cyjf k'0osf]
kf]If kmn hGdfGtsf sd{sf] kl0ffd . jfb gf) !=vFlbnf ts{ jf k|ToIf k|df0fljgf b}j, k|
w, knf]s, hGdfGt cflb kf]If s'f dfGg] To;sf] k|ltkfbg ug]{ l;4fGt hGdfGtsf cb[i6 sd
] kmn dfGg] l;4fGt efUojfb k|fAwjfb lgoltjfb . jfbL lj) cb[i6jfbnfO{ dfGg] k|fAwjf
ojfbL lgoltjfbL knf]sjfbL hGdfGtjfbL . cb]v lj) [cb]v < k|f) b]Sv ] != gb]lvPsf] ck
kf]If . gf) @= gb]lvg] 7fpF cb[i6 :yn . #= lxF8g \ ] af6fdf
~
24

gkL cf]N6]sf]N6] k]sf] 7fpF em cfFvf gkg]{ 7fpF . $= cg'kl:ylt cfk"m gePsf] cj:yf . %
= a'l4 jf r]tn] ge]6s ] f] l:ylt . ^= pk]Iff . > cb]vf lj) != gb]vs ] f] . @= k|s
fzdf gcfPsf] . #= uf]Ko n's]sf] . cb]o lj) [;+)] lbg g;lsg] jf gx'g] lbg nfos gePsf
] lbg cof]Uo . (pbf) bfgL JolQmxsf lglDt s'g} klg rLh cb]o x'Fb}g fhf lzljn] cfgf c
f] df;' klg afhnfO{ bfg lbPy] .) cbf}L gf) d:of}fh:t} j:t' . cb\et ' lj) [;+)] != p
b]snfUbf] cfZro{hgs chLjsf] ljnIf0f cgf}7f] ljlrqsf] . gf) @= cfZro{ cgf}7f] s'f] .
gj;dWo] cfZro{ :yfoLefj, f]df~r cflb cg'efj, ljts{, xif{ cflb JolerfL efj lj:do :yf
oL efjsf] ;DaGwaf6 pTkGg x'g] Ps ; . > cb\et ' f]kdf gf) pkd]odf ePsf u'0fx pkdfgdf
klg c;Dej ePsf] kdf j0f{g ulg] Ps cn
\sf pkdf cn
\sfsf] Ps e]b . cB lqm) lj) [;+)] c
lbg of] lbg cfh . cBtg lj) [;+)] != cfhsf] cfw'lgs cfhsf lbgsf] . @= xfn;fnsf] cfhef
lnsf] cfhsfnsf] cr]nsf] . ~ eljiot\ gf) clxn]sf] If0fb]lv e] ftsf] k"jf{w{;Ddsf] cjlw
nfO{ cf]u6\g] Jofs0fut sfn . ~ e"t gf) clxn]sf] If0fb]lv uP ftsf] pQfw{;Ddsf] ;donfO
{ hgfpg] Jofs0fut sfn . cBflk lqm) lj) [;+)] != cfh;Dd cfh klg . @= cem klg cem;Dd k
lg . #= clxn];Dd klg jt{dfgsfn;Dd klg oltv] klg . $= ljut ;dosf ;fy} jt{dfg ;dodf k
lg . (pbf) b'u{d kxf8L If]qdf cBflk d'b|fsf ;f j:t'ljlgdosf] k|yf k|rlnt 5 .) cBfj
lw lqm) lj) != cfh;Dd cfhts cfhko{Gt . @= clxn]ts xfn;fn;Dd . #= lat]sf] ;dob]lv xfn
;fnsf] cjlw;Dd cBflk . (pbf) dNnsfnb]lv rn]sf s}of}F hfqf cBfjlw k| r lnt 5g\ .) >
cBfjlws lj) cBfjlw;Ddsf] . clb| gf) [;+)] != kxf8 kj{t . @= lxdfn lxdflb| . cltLo lj
[;+)] != t'ngf ug{ jf le8fpg ;'xfpg] csf]{ JolQm gePsf] a]hf]8 ct'ngLo . @= pDbf p
Qd >]i7 . #= ce"tk"j{ . c}t lj) [;+)] != t'ngf ug{ nfos bf];|f] gePsf] PsfsL PSnf] .
gf) @= }ttf jf }wtfsf] cefj P]So . #= kdfTdf hLjfTdfsf] ce]b jf P]So . $= kdtj a|X
f gf) c}t (a|Xd, kdtj O))sf] u'0f jf ljz]iftf . jfb gf) ;[li6df ka|Xd jf kdfTdf d
5 afFsL ;ff ljZj ldYof 5 eGg] j]bfGtbz{g . jfbL lj)

25

cwMclws #= If'b| b'i6 . tf gf) cwdsf] u'0f jf efj gLrtf . cwdf gf) [k|f) c4dfcf] ]
a];Lsf aLrsf] hldg jf 7fpF cfbdff . cwdf] lj) [cfwf df] < k|f) c4dcf] ] dg'{ afF
bf];fFwdf k]sf] cfwf d]sf] cw{d[t . cwdf\u'n gf) [;+)] 5 hf} afasf] gfkf] kf}g] OG
kf] . cw gf) [;+)] != tNnf] cf]7 cf]7 . lj) @= pFwf]ltsf] tNnf] . kfg gf) cf]7sf] r
g cf]7df DjfOF vfg] sfd . > cwfd[t gf) k|d ] L jf k|l] dsfsf] cf]7sf] r'Dagaf6 k}bf
x'g] dw' :jfb . cwf;j gf) k|]dL jf k|]ldsfsf k:ksf] r'Dagdf k|fKt x'g] cf]7sf] ;kL
cwfd[t . cwf]i7 gf) tNnf] cf]7 cw . cwd{ gf) [;+)] != wd{sf] ljkLt sfo{ kfk s'sd{
:qn] lgif]w u]sf] sd{ . #= cGofo s's[To b'isd{ . > cwdL{ lj) != wd{ gePsf] vfa cfrf
f] . @= kfkL s'sdL{ . #= cTofrfL . cw:y lj) [;+)] != tnlt x]sf] jf flvPsf] . @= tNnf]
>]0fL jf bhf{sf] lgDg sf]l6sf] r'Tyf] . cwf lj) [k|f) c4 ] !=skfnsf] cfwf efu b'v]s
f] . gf) @= cwskfnL f]u . cwft' gf) [;+)] != wft'afx]s c j:t' . @= gfd|f] wft' s'wft'
. lj) #= gfd|f] wft'af6 tof ePsf] . gf) $= lqmofkbafx]ssf Jofs0ffTds sf]l6 . cwfL gf
) [cfwf cfL ] Znf]ssf] cfwf efu cfwf Znf]s . cwfld{s lj) [;+)] wfld{s gePsf] cwdL{ . c
wfnf] gf) [cfwf cfnf] (k|f) g]) cfnf] v]t] v]tsf] cfwf efu cfwf v]t . clw pk) [;+)] p
Rr, dfly, Hofbf, a9L cflb cy{ lbg] uL d"n zAbsf] cfDedf hf]l8P gofF zAb lgdf{0f ug]
{ pk;u{ (clwklt, clwsf, clwdf;, clwu|x0f O)) . clws lj) [;+)] != w]} Hofbf a9\tf . @=
cltlQm cjlzi6 z]if . gf) #= cfwfeGbf cfw]osf] a9\tf j0f{g ubf{ x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . (p
f) cfsfz klg gf3] sLlt{ rf}tkm{ a9\b5 .) ~ sf]0f gf) gAa] l8u|LeGbf a9L Ps;o c;L l8
u|LeGbf sdsf] sf]0f ;dsf]0feGbf 7"nf] a[xTsf]0feGbf ;fgf] sf]0f . tb|k " s gf) pkd
]osf] ck]Iff pkdfgsf] clws u'0f ePsf] Jol~ht x'g] uL pkd]odf cff]k ulFbf x'g] Ps cy
f{n\sf . td lj) != s'g} klg s'fdf ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;aeGbf a9L (;\Vof, kldf0f, gfk, lj:
b ) . @= 7"nf] ax'dtdf ePsf] . #= ;aeGbf dflysf] . lqm) lj) $= HofbfeGbf Hofbf .
t lqm) lj) != Hofbfh;f] k|fozM ;fdfGotM . lj) @= Hofbf a9L w] . ~

c}tjfbsf] cg'ofoL . cwM lqm) lj) [;+)] != lglb{i6 ]vf jf 7fpFb]lv tn dlGt pFwf] tn .
) @= tNnf] If]q jf :yfg (kftfn cflb nf]s) . ktg gf) @= lgwf{lt :yfgaf6 tnlt v:g] jf
emg]{ sfd lug]{ sfd . @= dfgdof{bf, g}ltstf cflbaf6 x'g] ktg cwf]ult cjglt lufO . #=
b'u{lt . cwsL gf) [cfwf sL] rGbf, l6s6, l;b cflbdf n]gb]gsf] pxL a]xf]f bf]xf]f] n]vL
ft] Psfltsf] a]xf]f Ps kIfn] csf]{ltsf] a]xf]f csf]{ kIfn] lng ldNg] uL Joj:yf ldnf
f b'O{ v08dWo] s'g} Ps v08 . cwskfnL gf) [cfwf skfnL] ?3f lalu|O{ jf lkgf; klN6O{ c
fwf skfn (6fpsfsf] cfwf kf6f]) b'Vg] f]u cwf . cwsNrfO gf) [cwsNrf] cfO] cwsNrf] x'gf
sf] lsl;d, efj jf l:ylt . cwslNrg' c) lqm) [cwsNrf] O g'] cwsNrf] x'g' cfwf dfq sfd x'g
' . cwsNrf] lj) [cfwf sfFrf] sNrf]] != cfwf kfs]sf] cfwf sfFrf] chsNrf] cuNrf] . @= c
w{lzlIft . #= cw"f] ck"f] . $= cwdf] . %= cklkSj . ^= cwsN6f] cwlkN6f] . cwsNRofO gf
cwslNr ( cfO)] cwslNrg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cwsNRofOg' s) lqm) cwsNrf] kflg' cw
sNRofpg nfOg' . cwsNRofpg' k|) ] lqm) cwsNrf] kfg'{ cwslNrg nfpg' cwslNrg] kfg'{ .
cwv'nf lj) [cfwfv'nf] v'nf :j cf eGbf dfly cfwf aGb :j P eGbf tn lha|f] x] pRrl
@= cfwf v'nf . cwg lj) [;+)] wg gePsf] lgw{gL ula tGgdeut s
\ufn xls
\ufn xl66\6
[cfwfcfgL ] cfwf cfgfsf] l;Ssf b'Ok {; } ] l;Ssf b'O{k};] 9fs . cwkSsfcwkSsf]cwkfsf]
) [k|f) c4kSsf] < ;+) cw{kSj ] != cfwf kfs]sf] cfwf gkfs]sf] cw{kSj . @= cklkSj .
cwlkN6f] lj) [k|f) c4lkn' < ;+) cw{Kn'i6] != cfwf sfd ePsf] . @= cfwf 6'qmf kflPsf] .
gf) #= slgsf, rfdn, ds} cflb cGgsf] cfwf kmUNofF6f] vF8]pnL . cwa];'f]cwa];|f] lj)
[;+)c4{a];'f] ] sYo) cba];|f] . != k"f xf]; gePsf] cfwf r]t 7]ufgfdf gePsf] . @= uf]
Hof
\uf| ] n7]a|f] . #= x':;" nG7 . cwa}; ] lj) [cfwfa}; F ] < ;+) cw{jo:s] cfwf pd
s]sf] a'9f}tLlt hfg nfu]sf] tGb]L cj:yf lalt;s]sf] cw{jo:s . cwd lj) [;+)] != gLr lg
6 . @= vfa tNnf txsf] .

clws/clwuf]i7L aLhsLs0f gf) kg]{eGbf lgs} a9L df]n fvL n]lvPsf] aLhssf ;fy j:t' lgsf
;L jf k}7fL ug]{ sfd (pbf) s]xL JofkfLxn] un}Frf lgsf;L ubf{ clws aLhsLs0f uL ;sfnf
nf] 3f6f kf] .) . ~ e'QmfgL gf) clwsif{0f . ~ df; gf) x]s tLg jif{df cfpg], b'O{ cf}
F;Lsf aLrdf ;\qmflGt gkg]{ dlxgf Ps jif{df afx| dlxgfeGbf a9L x'g] dlxgf dndf; k'?if
f]Qd dlxgf clwdf; . clws gf) [;+)] lgwf{lt sdeGbf a9L ylkPsf] z'Ns jf ltf] cltlQm s
s0f gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fsf cg';f ;KtdL ljelQm -df, dfly O)_ n] k|ltlglwTj u]sf] sfs .
= s'g} l;4fGtsf] ljj]rgf ubf{ cFuflng] ljifo, ;+zo, k"jk { If, pQkIf lg0f{o ePsf]
k|s0f . #= k|s0f jf zLif{s . $= Gofo ug]{ ;+:yf cbfnt Gofofno . %= ;sfn] sfg'gadf]lh
s;}sf] ;DklQpk sfod ug]{ clwsf . > clwsl0fs gf) GofofwLz . clwstf{ lj) [;+)] != clws
f ug]{ clwsfdf Nofpg] . gf) @= clwsl0fs . clwsd{ gf) [;+)] != sfo{sf] k|aGw Jojl:ylt
Gbf]a:t . @= s'g} e|i6frfL, cg}lts cflb sfdsf] hfFra'em lgLIf0f hfFr . > clwsdL{ gf)
s'g} sfof{no, sfvfgf cflbsf sd{rfLn] u]sf sfdsf] ]vb]v ug]{ JolQm lgLIfs hfFrsL . cl
f{0f gf) [;+)] Aof\sdf cfgf gfpFsf] vftfdf ePsf] eGbf a9L sd e'QmfgL lng] sfd clws e'
QmfgL . clws jif{ gf) [;+)] x]s rfrf jif{df cfpg] #^^ lbg x'g] O:jL jif{ . (rfn] efu
fUg] jif{sf] kmaL dlxgfdf @( lbg x'G5 #^% lbgsf] jif{ x'g'kg]{df ! lbg a9L x'g cfp
F5 .) clwsf+z gf) [;+)] != a9L c+z w] c+z . lj) @= w]} a9L . lqm) lj) #= k|foM clwst
clwsf gf) [;+)] != sfg'gL, kDkfut jf g}lts kdf k|fKo Gofof]lrt bfaL :jTj xs clVtof
Ahf . #= Ifdtf jf ;fdYo{ . $= 1fg Nofst . %= gf6zf:qdf kssf] k|wfg kmnsf] :jfldTj j
f To;sf] k|flKtsf] of]Uotf . ~ If]q gf) != s'g} ;sfL sd{rfL jf JolQmn] cfgf] xs jf cl
Vtofsf] k|of]u ug]{ If]q . @= cbfntdf xg], sfg'gL k|of]u ug{ kfpg] clwsfsf] xb . ~
Tofu gf) kfPsf] clwsfsf] Tofu xs5f]8fO fhLgfdf . ~ lgif]w gf) kfPsf] clwsfnfO{ ljz]i
lwsfff gkfOg] ufpg] jf x6fpg] sfd lbOPsf clwsfsf] x0f jf k|ltaGw . ~ kq gf) s'g} sf
sf lglDt kfPsf] lnvt xskq clVtofgfdf . k[R5f gf) != s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yf;Fu s;}sf] c
lwsf, :jtGqtf, kb s'g clwsfcGtu{t vf]l;Psf] jf bfaL
26

ulPsf] xf]< egL ;f]Wg ;jf]{Rr cfbfntn] lbPsf] lnlvt cfb]z . @= ljleGg ljifodf s}lk
mot tna ug{nfO{ lbOg] dflyNnf] txsf cfsf] lnlvt cfb]z . k|Tofof]hg gf) dflyNnf txsf
sd{rfLn] cfk"mdf x]sf] xs s]xL ;dosf lgldQ tNnf] txsf sd{rfLnfO{ ;'Dkg] sfd . jfnf l
j) clwsf kfPsf] jf ePsf] (JolQm) . ~ xgg gf) ;+ljwfg jf lgodsfg'gcGtu{t s;}n] kfPsf
] jf kfpg] xs vf]:g] sfd ;f] xsdfly k]sf] cf3ft To:tf] xs vf]l;gfn] To;sf] pkef]u u
g{ gkfOPsf] l:ylt . > clwsfL gf) != s'g} cf, ;\ul7t ;+:yf jf lgsfosf] clwsf kfPsf] Jo
lQm kbflwsfL clws[t (h:tf] e"ld;'wf clwsfL, lhNnf lzIff clwsfL O)) xflsd clkm; .
flns . #= s'g} s'fdf fd|f] bvn ePsf] JolQm . (pbf) d o; ljifosf] clwsfL xf]Og .) $=
k"jL{o k|frLg kDkfcg';f s'g} klg zf:qsf] yfngLdf ;f] zf:q k9\g pko'Qm kfq 7xofOPsf]
JolQm zf:qsf cfDedf atfOg] cg'aGwrt'i6o (ljifo, ;DaGw, clwsfL k|of]hg)dWo] Ps . %= g
kfnsf yf, bg'jf/, afx'g, 5]qLcflbsf] Ps y . clws[t gf) [;+)] != s'g} cf jf sfof{no c
flbsf] clwsfk|fKt JolQm . @= fhkqf\lst jf ;f];xsf] sd{rfL . lj) #= s'g} sfd ug{sf lgl
Dt clwsf kfPsf] t}gfy ulPsf] . $= s;}sf clwsfdf jf sAhfdf k]sf] jf kflPsf] . clwsf]if
f) [;+)] ;j{;fwf0fn] gub hDdf (lgIf]k) ug]{, lghn] dfu]df Aofh;lxt sd kmsf{Olbg] ;
j{;fwf0fnfO{ plrt lwtf] fvL C0f lbg] cflb sfd ug{ sfg'gL kdf clws[t ;+:yf jf Aof\s .
clwqmflGt gf) [;+)] zlQm, clwsf jf wfsff csf{sf] clwsf xgg ug]{ jf csf{nfO{ sfddf nu
fpg] sfd hah:tL bdg uL clwsf vf]:g] jf o:tf] sfd ug}{ k5{ egL ljjz t'Nofpg] sfd . cl
wqmf] gf)x]) clwu|f] . clwIf]q gf) [;+)] s'g} klg cfcbfntsf clws[tnfO{ cfgf] clwsf k|
f]u ug{ sfg'gn] lbPsf] clwsfIf]q clws[t If]q (h'll:8S;g) . clwudclwudg gf) [;+)] != s
'g} Jofkf jf sff]afaf6 x'g cfpg] nfe k|flKt cfDbfgL . @= r]tgf 1fg . #= cWoog ug]{ sf
lrGtgdgg ug]{ sfd . $= k'Ug] sfd kx'Fr . %= cbfntdf GofofwLzn] s'g} d'2fdfldnfsf] l
dl;naf6 lgsfn]sf] lgrf]8 lg:t's lgisif{ . clwuf]i7L gf) [;+)] s'g} k|fl1s jf Jofjxf
ls ljifodf ;f] ljifosf 1ftfx e]nf eO{ JofVofg, 5nkmn cflbsf dfWodaf6 lgisif{ lgsfN
g cfof]lht a}7s, ;ef jf ;Dd]ng uf]i7L ;\uf]i7L .

27

clwu|x0fclw/f]xL clwklt gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t', hldg, wg cflbsf] :jfdL jf dflns .
@= fhf . #= s'g} sfo{, ljefu, ljifo cflbsf] d'Vo clwsfL . clwkq gf) [;+)] dflyNnf t
xsf] sfof{noff tNnf txsf sfof{nonfO{ ljz]if sfd ug{ lbOPsf] cfb]zkq kl/kq . clwef gf)
[;+)] != ljz]if kll:yltdf jf ljz]if sfdsf lglDt ;fdfGo s jf z'Nssf cltlQm nufOPsf]
s z'Ns cflbsf] yk ef . @= Hofb} a9L dfqfdf nflbPsf] af]em . clwdf; gf) [;+)] x]) cl
wsdf; . clwd"No gf) [;+)] != s'g} dfn;fdfgsf] ljz]if kll:yltdf x'g] jf lnOg] a9L df
]n ljz]if df]n . @= a9\g uPsf] df]n . > clwd"Nog gf) != s'g} j:t' jf d'bf | sf] ;f
dfGoeGbf a9\g uPsf] d"No d"No j[l4 ug{] sfd . @= d"Nosf] cfwfdf ulg] sfd . #= b}lgs
pkef]usf j:t'sf] ahfefpdf j[l4 b]vf kg]{ sfd dxFuLsf] j[l4 . clwoyfy{jfb gf) [;+)]
x]) cltoyfy{jfb . clwofclwof gf) [;+) clw{s] hUufhldgdf x'g] pAhf df]xL tlN;df cfwf
wf uL afF8\g] rng a6}ofbfL a6}of . bf gf) clwofFdf hUuf sdfpg] ls;fg a6}ofbf a6}b
clwofk|yf . > clwof gf) clwofFbf . clwo'Qm lj) [;+)] != dfl;s j]tg jf b}lgs kfl>lds l
P sfd ug]{ ljz]if sfds'fsf lglDt kfl>lds lbO{ egf{ ulPsf] . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm jf sd
rfL . clwof]hs gf) [;+)] clwo'Qm fVg] jf egf{ ug]{ JolQm . clwof]hg gf) [;+)] != clw
of]hsn] clwo'Qm egf{ ug]{ sfo{ . @= clwo'Qmsf] ;]jf jf sfo{ . clwfh gf) [;+)] != c
lwfHosf zLif{:y fhf ;d|f6\ . @= s'g} clwfHosf fhfhf}6fxeGbf dflysf jf ;jf]{Rr fhsLo
mTj . #= dxffheGbf klg pRr fhsLo kbjL dxffhflwfh . s'df gf) /fhtGqsfnLg g]kfnsf fh
x / o'j/fhafx]ssf cGo 5f]/fxnfO{ hgfpg] zAb . s' d fL gf) /fhfsf 5f] / L, a' x f/L t
yf efOa'xfLxnfO{ hgfpg] zAb . clwfHo gf) [;+)] != /fhfff zfl;t ;fj{ef}ldstf;DkGg fHo
6kd | v ' sf kdf /fhf /x]sf] b]z . @= cg]sf}F pkfh (dxffh)pk Ps clwfh (dxffhflwfh)
' j ePsf] fHo . #= ;fd|fHo . clwf]x0f gf) [;+)] != s'g} cUnf] 7fpFdf r9\g] sfd . @
= s'g} jfxgdf ;jf x'g] sfd . #= ;Ddfgk"0f{ kbdf cf;Lg x'g] sfd pRr kbdf axfnL lng]
sfd . clwf]xL lj) [;+)] hldgaf6 pd|] 7f8} a9\g] vfnsf] 7f8f]

clwu|x0f gf) [;+)] s;}sf] xsb}ofdf x]sf] hUufhldg, 3 cflb ;DklQ sfg'gL tlsfn] tf]lsPs
f] Ifltk"lt{ lbO{ ;fj{hlgs k|of]hgsf lglDt ;sfff sAhfdf lng] sfd clws0f . @= xfjfn] k
gLsf] afkm lng] lqmof . clwu|fxs gf)[;+)] != j}wflgs tjaf6 s'g} j:t' kfpg] clwsf eP
sf] JolQm s'g} j:t'sf] k|flKtsf] clwsfL . @= clwu|x0f ug]{ clwsfL . lj) #= clwu|x0f
ug]{ . ] f] clwu|f ] gf) [cfwf Ou|f] ] ;do gk'uL s]xL dlxgfdf g} t'xs ue{ t'x]qf] cl
wqmf] . clwltg' c) lqm) [clwtf] O g' ] != xn'\uf] x'g' eflxt x'g' . @= atfl;g' . #= k
x'g' kGoflng' . clwtf] lj) [c wLt ] wLtkTof gePsf] e kg{ g;lsg] nkm\uf] . clwTosf
] kxf8dflysf] ;Dd k]sf] hldg . @= n]ssf] ;dy hldg . #= n]s . clwTofO gf) [;+) clwtf]o
fOF ] clwtf] x'g] sfd nsksfpg] :jefj . clwb]o gf) [;+)] ;sfL sfdn] ulg] ofqfsf] Joo,
3ef8f cflbsf ;DaGwdf s'g} cltlQm sfdsf lglDt klg ;sfL sd{rfLnfO{ lbOg] lglZrt sd jf
f . clwb]jclwb]jtf gf) [;+)] != b]jtfxdWo] cfk"mn] ;aeGbf 7"nf] jf a9\tf dfg]sf] b]
jtf 7"nf b]jtf b]jflwb]j . @= s'g} :yfg, j:t' jf sfo{sf clwi7ftf, :jfdL jf Ifs dflg
Psf b]jtf . #= Oi6b]j s'nb]jtf . clwgfos gf) [;+)] != ;a} s'fsf] clwsf kfPsf] JolQm :
jfdL . @= vf; uL ;sfdf lg
\s'z kn] clwsf k|of]u ug]{ JolQm . #= bdg cTofrfk"j{s cf
0f{ clwsf k|of]u ug]{ zf;s tfgfzfx . ~ tGq gf) s'g} JolQm jf JolQm;d"x clwgfos agL
;~rfng u]sf] fHo Joj:yf jf ;f] Joj:yf;DaGwL l;4fGt . Tj gf) s'g} 5]sy'gljgf k"0f{ kn]
ulg] clwsfsf] k|of]u ;jf]{Rr g]t[Tj clwgfos x'gfsf efj jf u'0f . jfb gf) clwgfostGq .
fbL lj) clwgfosjfbsf] cg'ofoL clwgfosjfbk|lt ljZj:t . > clwgfosL gf) clwgfossf] clw
sf . clwlgod gf) [;+)] d'Vo lgodleq vf; Joj:yf jf k|aGwsf lglDt agfOPsf] ljz]if lg
od . > clwlgodg gf) != clwlgod agfpg] sfo{ . @= ;+;b\, ;\3 jf ;+:yf cflbff nfu" ulg]
ljwfg . clwlgoldt lj) clwlgodff ;~rflnt clwlgod;Ddt . clwlgisf;g gf) [;+)] lgodsfg'gs
] cfwfdf s;}nfO{ p;sf] 3, hUufhldg cflbaf6 lgsfNg] sfo{ a]bvnL . clwk gf) [;+)] != :j
fdL dflns . @= fhf . #= O{Zj .

clwnfecwf]ufdL a9\g] lsl;dsf] (af]6la?jf) . ~ j[If gf) jgsf] If]qeGbf dfly p7\g] uL
x'ss {] f] jf clUnPsf] v jgsf] Ps ;txdf ofDd k]sf] efueGbf cUnf] ePsf] v . clwnfe gf)
[;+)] ;fdfGo k|flKt jf j]tgeGbf a9L lbOg] nfe ljz]if nfef+z . > clwnfef+z gf) s'g}
cf}Bf]lus jf Jofkfls ;+:yfsf c+l;ofxnfO{ lbOg] jf c+l;ofxn] kfpg] clwnfesf] c+z . cl
wjQmf gf) [;+)] Gofofnodf jfbL jf k|ltjfbLsf kIfdf jsfnt ug]{ clwsfk|fKt JolQm jf
sfg'gljz]if1 clws[t txsf] sfg'gJoj;foL (P8ef]s6 ] ). clwjrg gf) [;+)] x]) clwjfrg .
> clwjrgfno gf) sfg'gL k];f cFufn]sf jlsnxsf cfgf xs, lxt k];fsf] pGgltsf lglDt ul7
t ;+:yf clwjfrgfno . clwjif{ gf) [;+)] dndf; k]sf] jif{ k'?iff]Qd df; jf clwsdf; k]sf
] jif{ . clwjfrg gf) [;+)] Gofofnodf cfk"mn] lnPsf] kIfsf] ;dy{gdf clwjQmfn] ug]{
jx; k}jL clwjrg . > clwjfrgfno gf) clwjrgfno . clwjf; gf) [;+)] != fd|L a:g] jf xg
F . @= gfuls clwsfsf] xgg gx'g] uL Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fOF ;g]{ sfd . #= af:g
f cfpg] kbfy{ cQ . > clwjf;L gf) != s'g} b]z jf :yfgsf] k'Vof}{nL afl;Gbf . @= Ps b
]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf a;fOF ;] gfuls clwsf lnO{ a;]sf] JolQm . clwj]zg gf) [;+)] != s'g}
;\3;+:yf, ljwflosf cflbsf ljeGg If]qsf k|ltlglw ;b:oxsf] 7"nf] ;Dd]ng, e]nf jf hd3
6 . @= ;\3;+:yf, ljwflosf cflbsf] s'g} vf; cjlwdf x'g] Pp6} a}7s jf vf; cjlwleq n
uftf x'g] ljleGg a}7s . ~lgodfjnL gf) ;+;b\ jf ;\3;+:yfn] ug]{ ;dff]x, pT;j cflb ;~r
fngsf lgldQ agfOPsf lgodxsf] ;d"x . clwz'Ns gf) [;+)] s'g} j:t' jf kbfy{df nflux]sf
] lgoldt cGtMz'Ns jf eG;fz'Nssf cltlQm nufOg] z'Ns yk z'Ns cltlQm z'Ns ljz]if z'Ns (;
h{) . clwi7ftf gf) [;+)] != s'g} ;+:yf jf sfof{nosf] k|dv ' JolQm cWoIf . @= :yfkg
f ug]{ JolQm ;+:yfks . #= k|dv ' ;+Ifs . $= ljZja|Xdf08sf ;~rfns jf clwklt kdfTdf O{Z
j . clwi7fqL gf) [;+)] != b]jtfxdWo] ;a}eGbf a9L dflgPsL b]jL . @= s'g} j:t', :yfg
jf sfo{sL :jfldgL jf ;+lIfsf . #= Oi6b]jL s'nb]jL . clwi7fg gf) [;+)] != s'g} :yfgs
f] a;f]af; jf;:yfg 8]f . @= glhs}sf] hjfO jf pEofO . #= ;x a:tL . $= fhl;+xf;g . %= c
wf . clwli7t lj) [;+)] != dflylt r9]sf] s;}dfly a;]sf] . @= 7"nf] kbdf x]sf] .
28

clw;"rgf gf) [;+)] dflyNnf txaf6 tNnf txnfO{ lbOg] ljz]if ;"rgf . cwLIfs gf) [;+)]
s'g} lglZrt PsfOsf sd{rfLxsf] sfo{;~rfng;DaGwL ultljlw lgLIf0f ug]{ clwsfL lgLIfs ;
]Ifs . cwLIf0f gf) [;+) ] cfvfgfdf sd{rfLxn] u]sf sfdsfafO{sf] lgLIf0f . cwLg lj) [
!= jzdf jf dftxtdf k]sf] . @= cfl>t . #= ljjz nfrf ktGq . ~ jfSo gf) Jofs0fdf ldlnt
ld> jfSodf d'Vo jfSof+zsf] k"s, sd{ jf lqmofljz]if0f cflb eP x]sf] pkjfSo (tF fd|L k
egL afafn] dnfO{ eGg'eof]] eGg] ld> jfSoleqsf] tF fd|L k9\ pkjfSo afafn] dnfO{ eGg'eo
] eGg] k|wfg pkjfSosf] cfl>t ePsfn] cwLg pkjfSo ag]sf] 5 .) tf gf) s;}nfO{ jzdf fVg]
sfo{ jf s;}sf] jzdf kg]{ l:ylt . :y lj) != csf{sf jzdf k]sf] jf x]sf] ktGq s;}sf]
fdf jf lgoGq0fdf k]sf] . @= s;}sf dftxtdf x]sf] s;}sf] clwsfleqsf] . > cwLgLs0f gf) c
f] cwLgdf fVg] sfd . cwL lj) [;+)] != w}o{ gePsf] x8a8fPsf] . @= r~rn cl:y . #= Jofs'
. cwLz gf) [;+)] != dflns jf :jfdL . @= clwklt . #= s'g} ;\3;+:yf jf k|b]zsf] d'V
o xflsd . $= fhf . %= O{Zj . cwLZj gf) [;+)] != ;jf]{Rr clwklt . @= fhf . #= :jfdL df
ns . cw'gf lqm) lj) [;+)] jt{dfgsf] ;dodf clxn] oltv] . > cw'gftg lj) jt{dfgsfndf rn]
sf] cTofw'lgs lxhf]cfh rn]sf] cfhef]lnsf] . cw'f]cw"f] lj) s'g} sfds'f] ubf{ cfwf d
l4Psf] k"f gePsf] cwsNrf] . cw]L lj) [cfwf PL ] g;lsPsf] ck"f] cfwf dfq ;lsPsf] c
gf) [cfwf < ;+) cw{ PnL ] k};fsf] klg cfwf d"No ePsf] d'b|f cfwfk};] d'b|f . cw]nf]
gf) [cfwf Pnf] < ;+) c4{ ONns ] cfwf k};f d"Nosf] l;Ssf cfwfk};] l;Ssf cw]nL . cw}o { l
j) [;+)] != cfTdlgoGq0f gePsf] . @= pQfpnf] r~rn . #= x8a8fPsf] cwL . gf) $= w}o{sf
] cefj Jofs'ntf r~rntf 3a8fx6 . cwf]ult gf) [;+)] != tnlt emg]{ ult ktg . @= gfd|f]
{df nfUg] sfo{ b'isd{ . #= pGglt gx'g] sfdsf] cg';0f jf To:tf] sfdaf6 ePsf] cjglt
. cwf]ufdL lj) [;+)] != ktgsf] af6f] nfu]sf] tnlt lug]{ vfnsf] . @= gfsLo af6f] lnPs
f] kfkfrfaf6 ldNg] kmn

29

cwf]ktgcWofkg 1fgcfh{gsf lglDt ulg] e|d0f z}lIfs e|d0f . zLn lj) != s'g} klg ljifosf]
cWoogdf rfv lnO{ nfluxg] . @= 1fgk|flKtdf 8'a]sf] . #= k|fl1s ljifodf k|oTg ug]{
. ~ ;+:yfg gf) ljZjljBfnocGtu{t ljBfsf] vf; If]q (dfgljsL tyf ;fdflhs zf:q, sfg'
g, lj1fg cflb)l;t ;DalGwt pRr lzIffsf] cWoogcWofkg To;sf] ;~rfng ug]{ Ps lgsfo .
> cWoogLo lj) cWoog ug{ of]Uo cWoog ug'k { g]{ . cWoj;fg gf) [;+)] != pBf]u Joj;fo .
@= b'O{ j:t'sf] Psktfaf6 k}bf x'g] Ps cn\sf . #= s'g} 7"nf] sfdsf] ;dflKt . { ulg]
v'Gwf . cWoj;fo gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfddf b[9tfk"js @= pT;fx rfv lnP s'g} sfddf ;+nUg
eOxg] lqmof . #= pBf]u, pBd . $= c7f]6 b[9 ljrf . > cWoj;foL lj) cWoj;fo;DaGwL cWoj;f
o ePsf] jf ug]{ . cWofudg gf) [;+)] ljb]zL d'n'ssf] gfulsnfO{ b]zleq lglZrt cjlwle
q k|jz ] ug{ lbOg] sfo{ . cWofuldt lj) [;+)] cWofudg cGtu{tsf] cWofudgdf lxF8s ] f
] . cWofTd gf) [;+)] != cfTd1fg . @= tjdLdf+;f . #= cfTdf kdfTdfsf u'0f Pj+ ltgsf]
kf:kls ;DaGwsf ljifodf ulg] lrGtg, lgk0f jf ljj]rgf . $= leqL 1fg tj1fg . ~ 1fg gf)
fTd;DaGwL 1fg cfTdf kdfTdfl;t ;DaGw fVg] 1fg . jfb gf) cfTdf kdfTdfsf u'0f, :jk
kf:kls ;DaGw cflbs]f ljrf, ljj]rg lgk0f ulg] ljBf clGtd ;To jf jf:tljstf kdfTdf g}
;f+;fls ljifoj:t'rflxF e'mf e|dk"0f{ x'g\ egL dfGg] dt . jfbL lj) != cWofTdjfbl;t ;D
alGwt . @= cTofTdjfbsf] cg';0f ug]{, To;nfO{ dfGg] jf ljZjf; ug]{ . ~ ljBf gf) cWo
fTdjfb . cWofb]z gf) [;+)] ljwflosf jf ;+;b\sf] clwj]zg gePsf] a]nf vf; ;dosf lgl
Dt cfjZos k]df fi6sf] ;jf]{Rr ;Qfaf6 ljz]if clwsfsf] k|of]u uL hfL ePsf] jf x'g] sfg'
;xsf] dfGotfk|fKt cfb]z (cl8{gG ] ;) . cWofks gf) [;+)] k9fpg] k];f lnPsf] JolQm k9
fpg] JolQm . > cWofksL gf) k9fpg] sfd k9fO cWofkg . cWofkg gf) [;+)] k9fpg] sfd lzIf0
f . ~ cEof; gf) l;sfpg] jf k9fpg] cEof; cWofkgsf] ;DaGwdf k|lzIf0f lnO;s]kl5 To;sf
] c\u jf k"ssf kdf ;DalGwt ljifosf] sIffdf uO{ tf]lsPsf lzIfssf] ;'klj]If0fdf x] k|lz
ffyL{ff ulg] lzIf0fsf] cEof; . ~ of]hgf gf) ljBfyL{xsf nflu vf; jf ljleGg ljifo l;sfp
g] k"jt { ofLsf lgldQ lzIfsff ulg] lzIf0fof]hgf (pbf)

sdfpg nfu]sf] . #= gLr kltt . cwf]ktg gf) [;+) cwMktg ] cwMktg cjglt . cwf]laGb' gf)
[;+)] != ;aeGbf tnsf] laGb' . @= e"uf]ndf rlr{t cwM:jl:ts . #= Wjlg jf j0f{lrXg
sf d'lg lbOg] yf]Knf] jf l6sL tnyf]KnL . cwf]e"ld gf) [;+)] !=3sf] e'O{+tnfeGbf d'l
gsf] sf]7frf]6f txvfgf . @= xf]rf] hldg . #= tnsf] e'O{+ . cwf]dlt gf) [;+)] v:s]s
f] a'l4 cwf]ultdf nfUg] dlt s'dlt b'd{lt . cwf]dfu{ gf) [;+)] cwf]ultdf nfUg] dfu{ s'
dfu{ s'af6f] caf6f] . cwf]d'v lj) [;+)] != 3f];d'G6] lgx'd'G6] 3f];] 3f]K6] . gf) @=
ms]sf] d'v lgx'lPsf] d'v . cwf]v ] f gf) [;+)] != xkmsf d'lg lbOg] sr jf nfOg . @= lq
e'hsf] cfwf ]vf . > cwf]]vf\sg gf) vf; s'fnfO{ ljz]if kdf dxj lbg jf ;\st ] ug{ cI
jfSo jf jfSo;d"xsf] tnlt lbOg] t];f]{ ]vflrXg jf To:tf] ]vflrXg lbg] sfd sr 9fs cG8n
. cwf]v ] f\lst lj) sr ulPsf] 9flsPsf] . cwf]j:q gf) [;+)] sdeGbf tnlt nufpg] n'uf
8, nuf}6 F L, wf]tL, ;'?jfn O)) . cwf]jfo' gf) [;+)] u'bfaf6 lg:sg] b'uG { wL jfo' c
kfgjfo' kfb . cwf} gf) [cfwf < k|f c4 < ;+) c4{ cf} ] != sk8f cflbsf] yfgsf] cfwf ef
u cfwf yfg . @= h'Qfsf] v'feGbf cufl8sf] tn'jfsf] kft h'Qfsf tn'jfsf] cfwf kft . cW
oIf gf) [;+)] != s'g} ;+:yf, sDkgL, ;ldlt, ;ef, ;+;b\ cflbsf] k|d'v . @= s'g} fi6sf
] k|d'v /fi6fWoIf . #= s'g} sfof{nosf] k|d'v d'Vo xflsd ;~rfns . tf gf) != cWoIf x'gf
f] efj jf cj:yf cWoIfsf] cf;g jf kb . @= xflsdL . #= ;efkltTj . cWoog gf) [;+)] !=
k9\g] sfd k7g . @= s'g} ljifosf] hfgsfLsf lglDt ;f] ljifonfO{ a'g], klxrfGg], ulxlP
x]g{] jf k9\g] sfd . #= s'g} p2]Zok|flKtsf nflu s'g} ljifosf ljleGg kIfdf ulg] lj
rf (pbf) g]kfndf z}lIfs l:yltsf] cWoog cfjZos 5 .) . ~ kq gf) ljBfyL{nfO{ cWoog ;'u
d xf];\ eGg] x]t'n] ljleGg k':tsklqsfdf ePsf a'Fbf a6'nL lzIfsn] ;fdfGo kqdf n]v ]
k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ pknAw ufpg] x:tkq . ~ labf gf) ;sfL, cw{;sfL, u};sfL sd{rfL j
s'g} klg ljifosf] cWoogsf lglDt kfpg] jf lghxnfO{ lbOg] lgwf{lt cjsfz jf 5'L . ~ e
|d0f gf) s'g} z}lIfs ;+:yfaf6 cf}krfls kdf jf JolQmut tjaf6 cgf}krfls kdf eP klg

cWoflksfcglwsf/ sfo{of]hgf, PsfOof]hgf, kf7of]hgf O) .) . cWoflksf gf) [;+)] k9fpg

] :qL k9fpg] k];f lnPsL :qL lzlIfsf . cWofo gf) [;+)] != k':ts jf u|Gysf ljleGg v08
dWo] s'g} Ps . @= JolQm jf ;dfhsf Oltxf;sf k|dv ' r0fdWo] s'g} Ps klR5]b ;u{ v08 . cW
off]kcWoff]k0f gf) [;+)] != Pp6f j:t'nfO{ csf]{ j:t' 7fGg] cfef; e|dn] ubf{ Pp6f j:t'
sf] u'0fsf] csf]{ j:t'df x'g] cff]k (h:tf] 8f]LnfO{ ;k{ egL 7fGg' O)) . @= Pp6fsf]
sfo{Jofkfsf] csf{df x'g] cff]k0f . cWof; gf) [;+)] != e"m6f] 1fg ldYof 1fg . @= Pp6
f j:t'df csf]{ j:t'sf] wf0ff . cWofxf gf) [;+)] != s'g} egfOnfO{ k'li6 ug'k { bf{ d
"n egfOnfO{ k'li6 ug]{ vfnsf cGo plQm NofP cfjZos 7fpFdf hf]8g \ ] sfd c:ki6 jfSon
fO{ cGoqsf k|df0f, plQmx NofP :ki6 kfg]{ sfd . @= jfbljjfb ug]{ sfd ts{ ug]{ sfd .
cWo]tf gf) [;+)] s'g} ljifosf] 1fgfh{gsf lglDt cWoog, cg'zLng, lrGtgdgg ug]{ JolQ
m k9\g] JolQm ljBfyL{ lzIffyL{ . cWo]o lj) [;+)] cWoog ug{ of]Uo k9\g of]Uo . cg\ k")
;) [;+)] ljz]iftM ;'?df :jj0f{ ePdf kb jf cfwfkbsf clulNt nfuL cefj, ljkLttf, Go"gtf
, lgif]w cflb hgfpg] k"j; { u{ (cg\ cfrf cgfrf, cg\ pQlt cg'Qlt, cg\ clws[t cglws
cg k") ;) [;+) cg\ ] != g]kfnL tb\ej cflb zAbdf Jo~hgj0f{sf cufl8 nfu] cefj, xLgtf
, clt, lj?4 cflb gsffTds cy{ a' e mfpg] k" j { ; u{ (cgk9, cgdf] n , cgljZjf;, cg
kTof, cghfg O)) . @= g]kfnL tT;d zAbdf cr\j0f{sf] cufl8 nfu] ;f]xL;f]xL cy{ a'emfpg
] k"j{;u{afx]ssf] ;lGwut k (cgLZj, cgGt, cgflb O) .) cg\ . cgsg gf) [(l)) sg\ ] sfd u
bf{ b;f{Og] ctTktf cfg]sfg] bf]wf . > cgsgfO gf) cgsgfpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . cgsgf
Og' c) lqm) cgsg ug]{ xf]Og' s] eg"F s;f] eg"F ug]{ xf]Og' . cgsgfpg' c) lqm) s'g}
s'f eGg jf sfd ug{ csds ug'{ nsksfpg' csdsfpg' . cgsgfx6 gf) cgsgfO . cgsG6fcgsGtf
;+) cGwsfGtf ] != lgh{g :yn PsfGt :yn . @= dflg; lxF88'n gug]{ Psnf;] af6f] . #= j
[Gbfjg . cgIf lj) [;+)] != n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] lgIf . @= :jj0f{sf] wd{ gePsf] :jj0f{;u
dNbf] . #= cIflgdf{0f ug{ g;Sg] .
>
30

cgIffTds lj) cgIf cIf gePsf] . cgv6 gf) [;+) cs6 ljs6] != 7"nf] vfFrf] cv6 . @= ;f
fx|f] . #= ;\s6 . lj) $= 7"nf] vfFrf], ;\s6 cflb kg]{ jf k]sf] . > cgvf gf)lj) @= cgv
. cguGtLcgluGtL lj) [cg uGtLluGtL] ug] g;lsg] uGg gEofOg] Psbd} w]} cTolws c;\Vo
u| lj) [;+)] cufl8 gePsf] kl5 x]sf] kZr (h:t} cgu| :j p, cf] O)) . cg\lst lj) [;+)]
'g} vftfaxLdf gr9fOPsf] . @= st} c\sg jf pNn]v gulPsf] (pbf) gfoa ;'Aafx fhkq cg\lst
|yd >]0fLsf sd{rfL x'g\ .) . cg\u gf) [;+)] != sfdjf;gfsf b]jtf sfdb]j . lj) @= c\u g
ePsf] zL gePsf] b]xlxt . ~ sLt{g gf) k|s[ltdf c\u gx'g] ljifosf] j0f{g ubf{ x'g] Ps
fsf] sfJobf]if Ps k|sfsf] ;bf]if . ~ qmL8f gf) != sfdqmL8f d}y'gqmL8f . @= 5Gbsf d'Qm
ljifdj[Qsf b'O{ e]bdWo] Ps . > cg\uf lj) x]) cg\ufls . cg\ufl gf) sfdb]jsf zq' dx
cg\ufls lj) [;+)] != ;fogzf:qsf cg';f hLjf0f'ljxLg ch}j . @= lghL{j j:t'xaf6 ag]sf]
d . #= xfO8fs ] fa{g gk]sf] t sfa{gsf cS;fO8 ;NkmfO8 k]sf] of}lusl;t ;DalGwt sfaf]l{
gs sfa{go'Qm . $= cf\ufls tj gk]sf] . ~ dn gf) f;folgs k|lqmofff tof ulPsf] hLjf
lqd dn f;folgs dn . cghfg lj) [cg hfg ] != s]xL klg ghfGg] c1fgL caf]w . @= vf; ljifos
] hfgsfL gePsf] #= s;}ff glrlgPsf] . cgt lj) [;+)] != gg'xs ] f] jf glgx'lPsf] 7f8f]
@= cgd| . cgltqmd0f gf) [;+)] != g3fO jf pNn\3gsf] cefj . @= Ps b]zn] csf{ b]zsf]
;Ldfsf] pNn\3g gug]{ cfGtls dfldnfdf x:tIf]k gug]{ egL :jLsf ulPsf] gLlt . > cgltqm
d0fLo lj) cltqmd0f jf pNn\3g ug{ gx'g] jf g;lsg] . cgbL gf) [< ] != ftf], 7"nf] nfDr
f] bfgf x'g,] kfgL k|z:t ePsf] 7fpFdf nfUg], nfdf] ;dodf kfSg] Ps k|sfsf] wfg . @
= To:tf] wfgsf] rfdn . cgBtg lj) [;+)] cfhsf lbgdf gePsf] cfhsf lbgl;t c;Da4 . ~ e
ljio-t\_ gf) e] cfpg] cfwf ftkl5sf] ;do a'emfpg] sfn eljiot\sfnsf] Ps e]b . ~ e"t gf)
lat]sf] cfwf fteGbf klxn]sf] ;do a'emfpg] sfn e"tsfnsf] Ps e]b . cglwsf lj) [;+)] !
= clwsfxLg . @= clwsfaflxsf] . gf) #= clwsfsf] cefj . ~ pkl:ylt gf) pkl:yt x'g] clwsf
gePsf 7fpFsf] pkl:ylt . ~ rrf{ gf) cfk"mn]

31

cglws[tcg/;f lqm) lj) $= kl5 o;eGbf kl5lNt . %= l5} em} . cgGtln\u]Zj gf) [;+)] dx
Ps :jk . cgGtj|t gf) [;+)] cgGt rt'b{zLdf lnOg] j|t . cgGo lj) [;+)] kfO{ gePsf] cle
Gg cfTdLo cfgf] :jsLo . cgGjo gf) [;+)] != cGjosf] cefj csf{sf] kl5 gnfUg] afgL, sfo{
jf gLlt . @= pkd]onfO{ g} pkdfg dfGg] Ps cn\sf cltzof]kdf . (h:t} fd fj0fsf] o'4
sf] o'4h:t} lyof] .) cgk9 lj) [cg k9] != gk9]sf] ck9 . @= cbLlIft lgIf clzlIft . cgkT
) [cg kTof] ljZjf;sf] cefj a]kTof cljZjf; ckTof . > cgkToflnf] lj) != ljZjf; ug{ g;
gx'g] cgljZjf;L cljZj;gLo . @= 9fF6 5nL sk6L . cgkfDd] lj) [;+) cg'kd]o ] != pkdf lb
g} g;lsg] st} gePsf] . @= cfZro{hgs . cgk]Iff gf) [;+)] != ck]Iffsf] cefj pk]Iff a]j
f:tf . @= dtnagfd]6 Jojxf, gLlt jf sfo{ . > cgk]lIftcgk]Io lj) != jf:tf gulPsf] jf g
ePsf] . @= cfjZostf, rfx jf kjf{x gePsf] . cgle1 lj) [;+)] != s'g} vf; ljifosf af]
df s]xL ghfGg] cghfg . @= d"v{ . #= s]xL yfxf gkfPsf] . tf gf) cgle1 x'gfsf] efj j
f cj:yf . cgleJoQm lj) [;+)] JoQm gePsf] cleJolQm gkfPsf] zAb, jfSo jf O;ffdfkm{t s;
}nfO{ yfxf glbOPsf] . cgEo:t lj) [;+)] != cEof; gePsf] cEof; gulPsf] . @= cklkSj . c
gEof; gf) [;+)] != cEof;sf] cefj s'g} s'fdf cfbt jf afgLsf] cg'kl:ylt . cgdg gf) [;+
) cGodg:s] != v6k6 7fs7's . @= dgd'6fj em}emu8f . cgd]n gf) [cg d]n] != d]nldnfksf] c
efj a]d]n k'm6 . @= c;dfgtf hf]8fsf] cefj . lj) #= d]n gePsf] ldnfk gePsf] . $= hf]8
f gePsf] . ~ ljjfx gf) j jw"sf] pd]df rflxFbf]eGbf a9L kms kfL ulg] jf ulPsf] ljjf
b[li6n] u}sfg'gL ljjfx hf]8f gldnfO{ ulPsf] ljjfx cldNbf] laxf . cgdf]n lj) [cg df]n]
!= cToGt w]} df]n kg]{ cd"No df]n} gePsf] . @= bfdL ax'd"No . cgd| lj) [;+)] != ge'ms
]sf] glgx's ] f] . @= gd| gePsf] cljgLt . #= p208 p4t . cg;f gf)x]) cg;f{ .

yfxf gkfPsf jf cfgf] bvn gePsf s'fsf] rrf{ . ~ r]i6f gf) ! clwsfeGbf aflxsf] sfd jf s
'fdf bvn lb]g] sf]l;; . @= ghfg]ga'em]sf] s'fdf xft xfNg] k|oTg . #= clVtofsf] b'?ko
f]u ug]{ sf]l;; . ~ k|sfzg gf) != 5fkfvfgf jf k|sfzg;DaGwL P]gsfg'gcg';f k|sfzg ug
{ gx'g] ljifo n]vL ulPsf] k|sfzg . @= lgodk"j{s btf{, lh:6];g cflb guL 5flkPsf k':ts
, kqklqsf cflb . ~ k|j]z gf) k:g gkfOg] 7fpFdf ulPsf] k|j]z . > cglwsfls lj) xs Pj+
clwsfn] ge]6g \ ] s'g} k|sfsf] xsbfaL ug]{ clwsf gePsf] a]xssf] . cglwsfL gf) != clw
|fKt gePsf] JolQm . @= ;DalGwt ljifodf fd|f] bvn gePsf] JolQm . lj) #= clwsfljxLg
. $= cglwsfls . cglws[t lj) [;+)] != vf; s'fsf lglDt clwsf glbOPsf] jf gkfOPsf] . @=
cfgf] clwsfdf gNofOPsf] . #= clwsfk"j{s gulPsf] cflwsfls gePsf], cglwsfls (kq, lj1l
cflb .) cgwLt lj) [;+)] cWoog gu]sf] gk9]sf] . cgWofo gf) [;+)] != zf:qsf cg';f k9\g
gx'g] lbg . @= k'fgf] k|rngcg';f k9fOsf b[li6n] 5'Lsf] lbg (ci6dL, k|ltkbf, rt'b{zL
, k"l0f{df, cf}F;L O)) . cgg'gfl;s lj) [;+)] d'vaf6 dfq ;f; aflx lg:sFbf pRrlt x'g]
Wjlg df}lvs Wjlg . cgg'et " lj) [;+)] != cg'ej gulPsf] jf cg'ejdf gcfPsf] . @= s'
g} klg 1fg]lGb|off u|x0f gulPsf] cg'e"ltljxLg . cgGt lj) [;+)] != 6'u \ f] gePsf] ;L
gePsf] 5]p6'Kkf] km]nf gkg]{ c;Ld xb gePsf] . @= uGg g;lsg] cguGtL w]} . #= slxNo} gf
gx'g] . $= ;fx|} 7"nf] . %= Hofb} w]} . gf) ^= O{Zj . &= ci6 dxfgfu (cgGt, jf;'ls
, k, dxfk, tIfs, s'nL, ss{6, z\v) dWo] klxnf] gfu . *= efb|z'Sn rt'b{zLsf lbg cgGt e
ujfg\sf] k"hf uL k|;fb kdf kfv'fdf wf0f ulg] rf}w ufF7f] kflPsf] 8f]f] . ~ cfsfz gf
No} g6'\lug] cfsfz jf To;sf] b"L . ~ sfn gf) cGt gx'g] ;do ;dosf] c;Lldt :jk . ~ rt'b
z { L gf) efb| z'Sn rt'b{zL . tf gf) s'g} klg j:t'sf] cGt gx'g] u'0f zfZjttf . ~ a|
Xdf08 gf) ljZjsf] ljf6\ :jk . ~ d"n gf) af6'nf] tLvf] 6'Kkf] ePsf] kft x'g], dGbflUg
, c?lr, bd, vf]sL ljifsf] bf]if cflbsf] pkrfsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] sfnf] jf ;]tf] \usf
] Ps yL kf]y|f] ;xb]jf a'6L . cgGt lj) [;+)] != cGt gePsf] ;Ldf gePsf] . @= aLrdf s'g
k|sfsf] afwfJojwfg gePsf] . #= Pscsf{df jf k:kdf s'g} leGgtf gePsf] ;dfg jf ;Fu} x]s
f] .

cg/Ltcgf8L cgLt lj) [cg Lt] != lgod, cfr0f jf Jojxfsf] ljkLt Lt gldNbf] a]Ltsf]
ng s'Llt s'k|yf . > cgLlt gf) cgLt a]Llt . cg]L lj) [c\)] != cj}tlgs a]tnaL .
:s . #= dfgfy{ (kb jf pkflw) cgu{n lj) [;+)] != f]s6f]s jf afwfljf]wljgfsf] dgdfgL, h
yfefaL jf dgkLsf ;fy ulPsf] (k|rf, k|nfk cflb) . @= cfUnf]lagfsf] . cgo{ lj) [;+)] cd
"No ax'd"No . cgy{ gf) [;+)] != c;fdfGo 36gf cg'lrt jf cz'e 36gf . @= u8a8L . #= cT
ofrf cltrf cGofo . lj) $= cg'lrt . %= grflxFbf] . ^= lgy{s cgy{s cy{xLg . s lj) !
ft . @= cg'lrt . #= cgy{ jf vfa sfd ug]{ . $= cy{lxt lgy{s . %= Joy{sf] a]sfsf] . s
) != pN6f] jf ljkLt sfd ug]{ . @= cg'lrt sfd ug]{ Hofb} 7"nf] xflggf]S;fgL ug]{ .
tf gf) s'g} kbsf] gofF cy{ eP klg To; kbn] k|;\ufg'sn " gofF cy{ a'emfpg g;Sg] x'F
bf x'g] kbbf]if . cg;f{ gf) [ cg;f] rfdnsf] kL7f], l3p lrgL l7Ss dfqfdf ldnfO{ d'5]
ltn jf laf}Fsf bfgfdf kyfL l3pdf ksfOPsf] k'Lh:tf] uf]n cfsfsf] g]kfnL f]6L cg;f lr
. cgx{ lj) [;+)] != b08 jf k':sfsf] kfq gePsf] . @= ckfq cof]Uo . #= ckof{Kt cg'ko'Q
m . tf gf) s'g} sfd, kb, lhDd]bfL cflbsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ of]Uotfsf] cefj cof]Uotf
. cgn gf) [;+)] != cfuf] . @= h7flUg . #= cf7 j;'dWo] kfFrf}F . cgn
\s[t lj) [;+)] !=
l;Fufk6f jf ;hwh gePsf] jf gulPsf] . @= uuxgf cGo ;fdu|Lff gl;FuflPsf] . #= s'g}
jf cy{;DaGwL cn
\sf gk]sf] ;fbf cn
\sfljxLg . cgjsfz gf) [;+)] != k'm;{bsf] cefj . @
sL jf kmGbfaf6 cjsfzsf] cefj . lj) #= k'm;{b gePsf] . $= 5'L gkfPsf] . cgjlR5Gg lj)
[;+)] s'g} s'faf6 cnu gePsf] jf aLrdf g6'6]sf] qmd g6'6]sf] nuftfsf] . cgjt lj) [;+)
!= lgGtsf] nuftfsf] afDafsf] . lqm) lj) @= lgGt nuftf afDaf . cgjf]w gf) [
f] cefj . lj) @= gf]lsPsf] afwf gk]sf] . lqm) lj) #= gf]sLsg} cjf]wljgf g} . cgj; g
+)] != a]df}sf s'ofd s'cj; . ~ ljR5]b
32

gf) k|s[t ;nfO{ r6Ss 5fl8lbFbf x'g] sfJobf]if . ~ lj:tf gf) a]df}sfdf cg'kof]uL lsl
;d;Fu ;sf] lj:tf ubf{ x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfJobf]if . cgljZjf; gf) [cgljZjf; ] ljZjf;sf]
cefj ckTof cljZjf; . > cgljZjf;L lj) != ljZjf; ug{ gx'g] jf ljZjf; gePsf] ckToflnf]
{ g;lsg] . @= a]Odfg . cgjLs[t lj) [;+)] gjLs[t gePsf] gofF kdf gcfPsf] . tf gf) af]n
L gf}nf] geO{ pxL x'Fbf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfJobf]if . cgzg gf) [;+)] != vfg 5f8\g] s
fd cfxfTofu pkjf; . @= df]Ifk|flKtsf lglDt ulg] dg'e { Gbf s]xL lbg cufl8b]lvsf] cfx
fTofu . #= kLdsf{ jf cGofo cflbsf lj?4 c;Gtf]if JoQm ug]{ p2]Zon] jf s'g} dfu k"f gx
'Gh]n k"j{;"rgfsf ;fy ulg] cfxfTofu . cgZj lj) [;+)] slxNo} gfz gx'g] cljgfzL . cg;"o
f gf) [;+)] != clq ClifsL kTgL . @= l;, ]if jf O{iof{h:tf s'efj gePsL gfL . #= sflnb
f;sf] k|l;4 gf6s cle1fg zfs'Gtnd\df zs'GtnfsL Pp6L ;FlugL . cgl:tTj gf) [;+)] cl:tTj
sf] cefj ljBdfg gx'g] v08, l:ylt jf kll:ylt . cgfsif{0f gf) [;+)] != cfsif{0fsf] ce
fj s'g} s'fnfO{ cfk"mlt tfGg] zlQm jf ;fdYo{sf] z"Gotf jf IfL0ftf . cgfqmd0f gf) [;+
)] != xdnfsf] cefj . @= xdnf gug]{ gLlt jf ;dembfL . cgfut lj) [;+)] != ;fd'Gg] gc
fPsf] cg'kl:yt ck|:t't . @= efjL xf]gxf . #= ckllrt c1ft . cgfuls gf) [;+)] != gful
gsf] kllwleqaf6 kfpg'kg]{ gfulstf k|fKt ug{ g;s]sf] JolQm . @= 3af, a;f]af; gePsf] J
olQm . #= kfv] jf ufpFn] JolQm . tf gf) gfuls xssf] cefj . cgfufls lj) [;+)] 3af geP
3afljxLg . gf) ljxfdf a:g] af}4 leIf' . > cgfuflsf gf) ljxfdf a:g] af}4 leIf'0fL . cg
3ft gf) [;+)] != ;\uLtsf] Ps k|sfsf] tfn . @= cf3ftsf] cefj . cgfrf gf) [;+)] != cfrf
f] cefj wd{ gLltlj?4 lgGbgLo cfr0f . @= vfa rfnrng . #= gfd|f] sfdsf] nt . $= s'Llt
rfn . %= e|i6frf . > cgfrfl0fL lj) cgfrf ug]{ (cfOdfO{) . cgfrfL lj) cgfrf ug]{ e|i
'frfL . cgfh gf) != afnLgfnL . @= vfBfGg cGg . kft gf) ;a} lsl;dsf] cGg afnLgfnL c
. cgf8L! lj) [k|f) c00ff0fL ] != ;'ema'em gePsf] cghfg .

33

cgf8Lcgf;Lg d'gfdbg nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f .) . cgfDe lj) [;+)] != cfDe jf ;'? gePsf] .
@= cfDesf] cefj . cgf; gf) [kf]t) { ] pi0fsl6aGw k|bz ] df x'g,] jlkl kftn] 3]lP aL
;bf cldnf] jf u'lnof] :jfb ePsf] bfgf kmNg] af]6 To;sf] kmn cgfgf; e'Os F{ 6x . cgft
j gf) [;+)] != cfOdfO{sf] h:jnfwd{ f]lsg] f]u . @= h:jnfwd{sf] ;dflKt jf cGTo . cgfo{
lj) [;+)] != cfo{ gePsf] . @= c>]i7 c;Eo . gf) #= cfo{hfltafx]ssf] cGo hflt . > c
gfo{s lj) != cfo{sf e"lddf gePsf] cgfo{xsf If]qdf dfq x'g] . gf) @= cu? . cgfif{ lj)
[;+)] != Clifxn] gu]sf] jf gagfPsf] . @= Clifx;Fu ;DaGw gePsf] . cgfj0f gf) [;+)] 9f
lsx]sf] jf 5f]lkx]sf] kbf{ jf cGo cfj0f x6\gx ] 6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ~ ;dff]x gf)
s'g} ;flns jf d"lt{sf] ljlwjt\ cfj0f x6fpg] cfof]hgf . cgfjlt lj) [;+)] cfj[t gePs
f] g9flsPsf] . cgfjt{s lj) [;+)] != afDaf geO{ PskN6 dfq x'g] . @= cfjt{g gx'g] . cg
fjt{g gf) [;+)] != cfjt{gsf] cefj cfjlt{t gx'g] jf gkmls{g] lqmofk|lqmof . @= k'gh
{Gdb]lv d'lQm df]If . cgfjZos lj) [;+)] != grflxg] grflxPsf] cfjZostf gePsf] . @= a]
;f]sfsf] rf;f] gePsf] . tf gf) cfjZostfsf] cefj jf cg'kl:ylt jfOxft]kgf a]jf:t]kg .
fjf;Lo lj) [;+)] cfjf; jf 3 gx]sf] ;f] gx] klg s'g} g s'g} k|sfsf] ;DaGw ePsf] (cgfjf
Lo bf}To ;DaGw) . cgfj[t lj) [;+)] 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] gulPsf] kbf{ gnfu]sf] . @= d"lt{
cflbsf] cgfj0f;DaGwL ;dff]x ePsf] . cgfj[lQ gf) [;+)] cfj[lQsf] cefj gbf]xf]lg] efj,
u'0f jf lqmofk|lqmof . cgfj[i6 lj) [;+)] jiff{ gePsf] ljgfjiff{sf] . > cgfj[li6 gf
) cfsfzaf6 kg]{ kfgL k[YjLdf emg]{ sfddf cjf]w jf ljnDa cgfjif{0f . cgf>o lj) [;+)]
!= cf>o gePsf] c;xfo . gf) @= cf>osf] cefj cf>oljxLgtf . cgfl>t lj) [;+)] cgf>o cf>
oljxLg lgfl>t . ~ jfSo gf) csf]{ jfSodf lge{ gx]sf] jfSo . cgf;Qm lj) [;+)] s'g} klg
jifodf cf;Qm gePsf] jf nflugkg]{ j}/fuL . > cgf;lQm gf) != cgf;Qm x'g] u'0f, lqmof
jf k|lqmof t6:ytf pbf;Lgtf j}fUo . @= of]usf] Ps lsl;d . cgf;Lg lj) [;+)] != cf;g u|
x0f gu]sf] ga;]sf] . @= kb jf :yfgaf6 x6fOPsf] ckb:y kbRo't .

s'g} ;Lk gePsf] ghfGg] d"v{ . cgf8L@ gf) [c gf8L ] rf]6k6s nfUbf c 7fpFeGbf a9L c; kg]
7fpF dd{:yn ;GgL ;lGw:yn . cgfTdjfb gf)[;+)] != cfTdfsf] cl:tTj :jLsf gug]{ Ps bfz{l
gs l;4fGt . @= k, lj1fg, j]bgf, ;+1f, ;+:sf oL k~r:sGwafx]s cfTdf 5}g eGg] af}4 bz
{g . cgfy lj) [;+)] != x]ljrf jf kfngkf]if0f ug]{ sf]xL gePsf] cf8ef]; gePsf] a];xfo
@= 6'x ' f] . #= bLg b'MvL . gf) $= 6'x'f] JolQm . > cgfyfnocgfyf>d gf) cfdfafa' geP
sf jf a]jfl; afnaflnsfnfO{ fvL kfngkf]if0fsf ;fy} lzIff;d]t lbg] 7fpF . cgfb gf) [;+
)] != cfbsf] pk]Iff jf cefj lgfb a]OHhtL . @= lt:sf ckdfg x]nf . cgflb lj) [;+)]
f ;'? yfxf gePsf] jf gx'g] . @= kfk"j{sfn jf ;bfb]lv rlncfPsf] . gf) #= cflb yfxf
gePsf] s'f] (cfsfz, ;do, kdfTdf O)) Tj gf) cflb kQf gnfUg] u'0f jf ljz]iftf . cgfl
bi6 lj) [;+)] != cfb]z glbOPsf] cf1f gulPsf] gcx|fOPsf] . @= lgb]{zg glbOPsf] af6f] g
b]vfOPsf] . cgfb[t lj) [;+)] cfb gulPsf] ;Ddfg gulPsf] x]nf ulPsf] . cgfgf; gf) [kf
] != e'Os F{ 6x cgf; . @= e'Os F{ 6xsf] kftdf sfF8f kmndf a9L e'm; gx'g] hflt . cgf
k;gfk gf) [;+) cfnfk (l)) ] asjf; p6k6f 5]p g 6'Kkfsf] s'f] . cgfd lj) [;+)] != gfd
f] a]gfdL . @= gfd grn]sf] ck|l;4 . #= b'gf{d abgfd . Gff) $ s'Voft gfd s'gfd . cgfl
dsf gf) [;+)] != xftsf] sfG5L cf}Fnf] dfemL cf}Fnfsf aLrsf] cf}Fnf] ;flxFnL cf}Fnf
] . lj) @= gfd gePsL jf grn]sL (gfL) . cgfos lj) [;+)] != gfOs] jf g]tf gePsf] cgfy
. @= gfOs] jf g]tf geP u8al8Psf] cfhs . cgfof; lqm) lj) [;+)] != ldlxg]t g} guLsg lj
fkl>d s'g} k|oTg jf k|of; g} guLsg an jf zlQmsf] k|of]u g} guL a;La;L TolQs} cfkm}
p;} :jtM . @= cs:dft\ crfgs PsfPs ;x;f . cgf gf) [kmf)] != a]nhqf], 8Nnf] cfsfsf],
s8f af]qmf] x'g], leqkl xf ldn] x]sf :jflbnf ;bf w]} bfgf x'g] kmn . @= z'is hnjfo'd
'g] To:tf] kmn kmNg] af]6 bfld bfl8d . ~ uf]nf gf) cgfsf bfgfh:tf \uLr\uL lemNsf lg
cft;afhL . ~ bfgf gf) != cgf kmnleqsf] ;bf :jflbnf] u]8f] . lj) @= cgfsf] bfgfh:tf] .
(pbf) cgfbfgf bfFtsf nx vf]n ] xfF; g .

cgf:yfclg?4 cgf:yf gf) [;+)] cf:yf of >4fsf] cefj cgfb c>4f . cgfxs lqm)lj) [;+)] !=
jgfsfddf gfxsdf lagl;lQ a]jfFsdf Joy}{ . cgfxt lj) [;+)] != g7f]lsPsf] . @= If'Aw geP
f] . #= u'0ff gulPsf] cu'l0ft . gf) $= b'Oj { 6f a"9L cf}n F fn] b'j} sfgsf Kjfn y
'gL Wofg ubf{ ;'lgg] cfjfh . %= zLsf 5 rqmdWo] Ps x[bodf x]sf] afx|kq] sdn . ^= cf3f
tljgf g} cfpg] cfjfh . ~ d'bf | gf) k|frLg sfndf k|rlnt, 5fk gnfu]sf] jf s'g} lr
Xg c\lst gePsf] wft'sf] ;fdfGo d'b|f . cgfxkb gf) [;+)] jf:t' Pj+ d"lt{snfsf If]qd
f rf}w cdnafasf] gfkf]nfO{ a'emfpg] zAb rf}w OGrsf] gfkf] . cgfxf gf) [;+)] != ef]hgs
f] cefj jf Tofu . @= pkjf; . lj) #= ef]sf] lgfxf . clg ;+of]) [k|f) c00f < ;+) cGo ]
!= ;dfg :tsf kb, kbfjnL, jfSof+z jf jfSoxnfO{ ;dosf] k"jf{k qmd jf tTsfntf hgfO{ h
f]8\g] cJoo To;kl5 km]l Pskl5 csf]{ ta . (pbf) fd clg Zofd cfP fd cfof] clg Zof
. @= To;}n] k"jf]Q { m sf0fn] (pbf) clg t eg]sf] To;f] gug"{ eg] ) . #= cem cem} . (
bf) pm ljfg\ 5, u'0fL 5 clg wgL klg 5 . ) clgsfn gf) [;+)] != cGgkftsf] 7"nf] cefj
. @= To:tf] cefj ePsf] ;do csfn b'le{If . #= s'g} s'fsf] Hofb} cefj ePsf] cj:yf . (
pbf) cfhef]ln dsxfF ?lkofFk; } fsf] clgsfn nfu]sf] 5 .) > clgsfnL lj) s]xL vfg} gk
fPh:tf] clgsfn] . clgsfn] lj) != clgsfn k]sf] a]nfsf] clgsfn;DaGwL . @= k]6el vfP klg
;Gtf]if gdfGg] l3r'jf . #= c;Gtf]ifL . gf) $= ;fpgdf kmn kfSg] Ps jg:klt . %= ;nx
sLf] zne . clgR5f gf)[;+)] OR5fsf] cefj jf sdL rfxgfsf] cefj jf sdL c?lr cdg ljt[i0
. > clglR5t lj) OR5f gulPsf] rfxgf gulPsf] ?lr gflvPsf] cjfl~5t . > clgR5'clgR5's
f, ?lr jf rfxgf gePsf] vfo; gfVg] . clgTo lj) [;+)] ;w}F glxxg] s'g} g s'g} avt gfz x
g] :yfoL gxg] If0fe\u ' c:yfoL ljgfzL gfzjfg\ gZj . tf gf) clgTo x'g] u'0f, e
clgTo rf]nf) . clgbf] lj) [k|f) cl0f2f] < ;+) clgb| ] != gLb gePsf] jf lgbfpg gkf
Psf] glgbfPsf] hfu|fd a;]sf] g;'t]sf] clglb|t . kg gf) @= clgbf] x'g] jf clgbf] ePsf
l:ylt clgb|f hfu|fd . clgb|f gf) [;+)] x]) clgbf] . > clglb|t lj) glgbfPsf] hfu|fd a
;]sf] . clgwf] gf) [c lgwf] ] != lgwf] jf 7]ufg gx'gfsf] efj jf
34

cj:yf lgwf]sf] cefj clgZro clg0f{o clglZrttf . lj) @= clglZrt clgl0f{t . clgGbf gf) [
+)] lgGbfsf] cefj k|z+;f :t'lt u'0fufg . > clgGbgLo lj) != lgGbf ug{ gx'g] lgGbf ug{
cof]Uo . @= lgbf]{if lgisn\s . clglGbt lj) abgfd gePsf] lgGbf gulPsf] sn\s gnfu]sf]
flxt lgisn\s . clgGB lj) != clgGbgLo . @= v'gvf]6 s]xL gnfu]sf] jf s]xL bf]if b]vfpg
g;lsg] lsl;dsf] (h:tf] clgGB ;f}Gbo{ .) . clgk'0f lj) [;+)] l;kfn' gePsf] lgk'0ftf
sf] cefj jf sdL x]sf] cs'zn ck|jL0f . tf gf) clgk'0f x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf lgk'0ftfsf
sdL jf cefj cs'zntf ck|jL0ftf . clgdlGqt lj) [;+)] != lgDtf] gulPsf] lgdGq0ff glbOPs
f] lgDtf] gkfPsf] glgDTofOPsf] . @= gaf]nfOPsf] 8fsaf]nfp gulPsf] . ljk) lgdlGqt . c
lgldifclgd]if lj) [;+)] != cfFvf lemDd;Dd klg gug]{ 6\jfn6\jfntL jf Ps 6sn] x]g]{ cf
Fv} glemDSofpg] jf glrDng] . @= cfFvf v'nf x]sf] hfuf . lqm)lj) #= cfFv} lemDd guL 6
\jfn6\jfntL Ps6sn] . clgot lj) [;+)] 7fpF, ;do, k|lqmof cflb gtf]lsPsf] s'g} gLlt j
f lgod gePsf] lgwf{lt gePsf] jf gulPsf] lgoldt tjn] gx'g] s'g} Joj:yf gePsf] clgwf{l
oldt clglZrt cJojl:yt . clgoGq0f gf) [;+)] f]stf]s, ]vb]v jf aGb]hsf] cefj lgoGq0fsf]
cefj :jR5Gbtf pGd'Qmtf . clgolGqt lj) [;+)] != s'g} k|sfsf] f]stf]s, aGb]h jf k|ltaGw
gnfu]sf] lgodff gafFlwPsf] . @= :jR5Gb :jfwLg pGd'Qm . ljk) lgolGqt . clgod gf) [;+)
!= lgodsf] cefj cJoj:yf a]lylt . lj) @= lgod gdfGg] . clgoldt lj) [;+)] != lgod ge
Psf] lgod gcFuflnPsf] . @= ?nlgodsf] kfng gulPsf] ?nlgodljkLt ?nlgodn] gldNg] . #= Jo
j:yf gePsf] cJojl:yt . $= lgoldt gePsf] . %= s'g} vf; :yfg, ;do jf k|lqmof cflb l
gwf{lt gePsf] . ~ lutfL gf) != sfg'gsf] ljlw g'kofO{ s;}nfO{ kqmfp ug]{ sfd s'g} cle
m cyf{t\ bf]ifLnfO{ lagfk' h L{ ulg] lutfL . @= s' g } klg dfG5] n fO{ zflGt;' IffcG
tu{ t ulg] kqmfp . tf gf) != lgodcGtu{t gkgf{sf] efj jf cj:yf lgoldttfsf] cefj . @=
Jojl:yttfsf] cefj cJojl:yttf . #= s'g} vf; tlsf jf k|lqmof gtf]lsPsf] l:ylt . $=
P]gsfg'g ?nlgodsf] kfngf gePsf] l:ylt . %= lgwf{lt lgod k|lqmof gk'ofO{ vr{ar{ cfl
b ubf{ x'g cfpg] bf]if . clg?4 lj) [;+)] != gf]lsPsf] f]stf]s gePsf] . @=

35

clg0f{ocg's/0f gx'g] u'0f, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= lgZrosf] cefj clg0f{o a]lgwf] . cl

glZrt lj) [;+)] lgZro gePsf] jf gulPsf] . tf gf) lglZrt gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . clg
i6 lj) [;+)] != grfx]sf] glrtfPsf] dg gk]sf] ceLi6 gePsf] OR5fsf] k|lts"n OR5flj?4
f] ljkLt OR5f u]eGbf pN6f] . @= vfa clxts xflgsfs . #= cd\unsfL cz'e (clgi6 u|x,
O)) . gf) $= cd\un clxt b'ef{Uo . %= vfaL xflg cz'e . s lj) != clgi6 ug]{ s'enf]
= Oi6 jf enf] gug]{ . sfL lj) clgi6s . cgLlt gf) [;+)] != gLlt gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
gLltsf] cefj . @= gLltsf] ljf]w . #= gLltlj?4 Jojxf (cGofo, cTofrf, h'n'd, dgf]dfgL
, cGw] O)) . cgLZj lj) [;+)] != O{Zjsf] ;Qflxt . @= O{ZjLo zlQm gePsf] (JolQm) . #= O
Zj gdfGg] O{Zjsf] ljf]wL . jfb gf) != O{Zj 5}g eGg] dt O{Zjsf] cl:tTj jf ;Qfsf] v
{ jfb jf bz{g O{Zjpk cljZjf; jf cfz\sf k|s6 ug]{ dt gfl:tstf gfl:tsjfb z"Gojfb lgL
jfbL lj) != O{ZjnfO{ gdfGg] O{Zjsf] cl:tTjdf z\sf jf cljZjf; ug]{ O{Zj 5}g eGg] . @=
l:ts . cg' pk) [;+)] zAb jf cfwfkbsf] afofF jf cl3lNt nfuL tTkZrft\, ;fxro{, ;fdLKo
, k'gfj[lQ, cg'qmd cflb cy{ emNsfpg] pk;u{ (cg's0f, cg'jfb, cg's"n, cg'sDkf, cg'zL
ng, cg';f, cg'aGw, cg'zf;g, cg'f]w O)) . cg'sDkf gf) [;+)] s;}sf] cfklQ, b'Mv, si6
cflb b]vL jf cg'ej uL To:tf JolQmpk ;xfg'el" tk"js { ulg] ;xof]u, s[kf jf bof lgufxf
cg'u|x . > cg'slDkt lj) cg'sDkf jf ljz]if s[kf ulPsf] cg'u[xLt . cg's0f gf) [;+)] s'g
} j:t', ljifo, ljrf jf sfdsf] cg';0f s;}n] s]xL u]sf] b]vL To;}sf] b]vfl;sL jf gSsn
ug]{ sfd gSsnufO ;dfg cfr0f b]vfl;sL gSsn cg's[lt . @= k|s[lt jf hLjghut\sf] snfTds
M;[hg . #= k|frLg lu|;]nL ljfg\ c:t'ff sfJozf:qdf k|ltkflbt ;Dk"0f{ snfnfO{ k|s[ltsf
] j:t'ut k'gM;[hg dfGg] ;flxTo l;4fGt . ~ kf7 gf) lzIfs jf cGo s;}n] cfbz{ jf gd'g
fsf kdf u]sf] ;:j k7gnfO{ cg's0f uL k9\g] cEof; ;:j k7gsf] Pp6f cEof;qmd . ~ d"n gf
s0ffTds zAbdf k|Toof+z jf lTj efu s6fO{ afFsL xg] d"n c+z (h:t} l6lgGgdf l6g\, ;
) . ~ l;sfO gf) s'g} j:t' jf tT;DaGwL lqmofsnfksf] cg';0fff ulg] l;sfO .

k'mSsf v'nf :jR5Gb . Gff= #= s[i0fsf gflt k|B'Dgsf 5f]f piffsf k|]dL tyf klt . clg0f
{o gf) [;+)] != lg0f{o gx'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf lg0f{osf] cefj . @= s'g} k|Zg,
;d:of jf s'fsf] l5gfkmfgf, lgSof]n { , ;dfwfg cflb gePsf] l:ylt . #= s'g} d'2f, e
mu8f jf ljjfbsf] 6'u \ f] gnfu]sf] cj:yf . $= clgZro a]lgwf] . clg0fL{t lj) [;+)] l
5gfkmfgf gulPsf] lgSof]{n gulPsf] 6'u \ f] gnufOPsf] lg0f{o gePsf] . clglb{i6 lj) [;
!= s'g} k|sfsf] lgb]z { g gePsf] lbzflgb]z { gulPsf] lgwf{0f gulPsf] . @= gatfOPsf]
f}N F ofOPsf] gcx|fOPsf] gtf]lsPsf] . #= s'g} nIo jf p2]Zo gePsf] . $= clglZrt clgw
f{lt clgb]{lzt . clgwf{lt lj) [;+)] != gtf]lsPsf] lgwf{0f gulPsf] . @= lglZrt gulPs
clgj{rgLo lj) [;+)] != lgj{rg gulPsf] jf ug{ g;lsg] . @= atfpg, klefiff lbg, j0f{g
ug{ jf pNn]v ug{ g;lsg] cj0f{gLo j0f{gftLt . clgjf{lrt lj) [;+)] != gr'lgPsf] lgjf{r
gsf] k|lqmofaf6 gcfPsf] . @= dgf]gog ulPsf] dgf]gLt . #= lgjf{rg gufOPsf] . clgn gf)
[;+)] xfjf atf; jfo' . clgjfo{ lj) [;+)] != x6fpg, kG5fpg jf f]Sg g;lsg] lgjf0f ug{
;lsg] jf gx'g] . @=eO5f8\g] cjZo x'g] cjZoDefjL . #= aRg g;lsg] TofUg jf 5f]8\g g;l
sg] gx'g] . $= geO{ sfd grNg] geO{ gx'g] cTofjZos kdfjZos . %= ljsNk gePsf] . ^= s'g
} kf7qmdcGtu{t lng} kg]{ jf cWoog ug}{ kg]{ OR5fwLg gePsf] . ~ cjsfz gf) sd{rfLsf ;]
jfsf] tf]lsPsf] xbDofb jf pd] k"f ePkl5 ljz]if kll:ylt jf sf0fn] aLr}df klg lghsf] g
f]sL jf ;]jf ;dfKt uL lbOg] cjsfz . ~ art gf) != ;]jfkl5sf] cjlwsf lglDt u'hff ug{ ;
lhnf] xf];\ egL sd{rfLsf] tnaaf6 lgoldt kdf s]xL sd sf6L Tolt g} sd ;DalGwt sfof{noa
f6 ykL rqmj[l4 Aofhsf ;fy ;l~rt ulg] sfd ;~rosf] i fsL . @= e" l d;' w f sfo{ q mdcG
tu{ t ufpF u fpF d f ls;fgxsf] cfly{ s pTkfbgaf6 lgodfg';f gubLlhG;L sd p7fO{ To;sf
] Aofh;lxt vftf fvL art ulg] k4lt . ~ ljifo gf) g]kfnsf] lzIffklkf6LcGtu{t ljBfyL{n]
k9\g} kg]{ g]kfnL, c\uh ]| Lh:tf ljifo . ~ ljifo ;ldlt gf) clgjfo{ ljifosf] kf7\o
qmd cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{ ;ldlt . ~ lzIff gf) ljBfnosf] lzIff P]lR5s s'f geP ;a}sf nf
lu clgjfo{ ufpg] uL nfu" ulPsf] lzIffJoj:yf . clgZro gf) [;+)] !=lgwf] gePsf] l:ylt
jf cj:yf lgwf]

cg's/0ffTdscg'udg cg's0ffTds lj) [;+)] s;}sf] jf s'g} s'fsf] cg's0fdf cfwflt b]vfl;s
f gSsnsf cfwfdf ulPsf] cg's0fk|lqmofdf cfwflt . tf gf) cg's0ffTds x'gfsf] :jefj, u'
l:ylt . ~ zAb gf) zAblgdf{0fk|lqmofcGtu{t zAbsf juL{s0fsf qmddf k|fs[lts jf cGo j
:t'sf k, ult, cfjfh lqmof;DaGwL cg's0fsf] kmn:jk pTkGg ;dWjGofTds lsl;dsf dflgPsf z
Ab (ldld, emndNn, lrl6Ss, e';S ' s, 5n{u \ , XjfNn O)) . cg's0fLo lj) [;+)] != cg's0f
ug{ plrt gSsn jf b]vfl;sL ug{ of]Uo l;sf] ug{ nfos . @= gd'gfnfos cfbz{ pbfx0f:jk . #
pQd c;n . cg'stf{ lj) [;+)] cg's0f ug]{ gSsn jf b]vfl;sL ug]{ . cg'sng gf) [;+)] !=
s'g} a]xf]fsf] clen]v fVg] sfd . @= s'g} lx;falstfasf] ljj0f fVg] sfd . #= csf s'g} s
'f lnP To;nfO{ cfgf] cg's"n agfO{ u|x0f ug]{ sfd . $= ;Defjgfdf ljrf k'ofpFb} efjL sf
o{sf ;DaGwdf cg'dfg jf sNkgfsf] ;xfotfn] s'g} ljrf, Joo cflb lgwf{0f ug]{ sfd cGbfh
cfsng . cg'sNkgf gf) [;+)] != s'g} cg';Gwfgsf k|fDedf To; cg';Gwfgsf] ;d:ofaf] ;Dal
Gwt cg';Gwfgstf{n] :yfkgf u]sf] pQm cg';Gwfgff v08gd08g, ;+zf]wg jf klisf x'g ;Sg] l
l;dsf] k"jd { fGotf k|fSsNkgf . @= pknAw tYosf cfwfdf :yflkt ulPsf] s'g} s'fsf] lj:t
[t cg';Gwfgsf lglDt k"jf{wfsf kdf l:jsflPsf] dfGotf . cg'sfL lj) [;+)] cg's0f ug]{ c
tf{ . cg'sfo{ lj) [;+)] != cg's0f, gSsn jf b]vfl;sL ug{ nfos . @= k| ] 0ff lng jf l
;sf] ug{ of]Uo cfbz{ gd'gfof]Uo . gf) #= s'g} s[ltdf cg's0f ulg] k|s[lt jf hLjghut\
. cg's"n lj) [;+) ] != cfgf] OR5f, ?lr, rfxgf jf cfjZostfcg'ksf] cfk"mn] lrtfP jf eg
]h:tf] . @= ;do tyf jftfj0fsf b[li6n] pko'Qm #= s'g} p2]Zo jf k|of]hgsf lglDt pko
f]uL . $= s'g} kll:yltdf h]h:tf] rflxg] xf] ;f]dflkms ;ANofF6f] kg]{ . %= cfgf] x'
Fbf] cfgf] kIfsf] cfk"m;Fu ;xdt cfgf] lj?4 gePsf] . ^= kmfObf x'g] lxtsfL . &= ;'ljw
s . *= ldNbf] xF'bf] ;bf]{ . gf) (= Pp6} dfq gflosf fVg] gfos . tf gf) cg'sn " x'gfs
f] efj jf l:ylt ;bf]{kgf ldNbf]kg . > cg'sn " g gf) != s'g} s'fnfO{ cfgf] cg's"n t'No
fpg] sfd jf u'0f . @= cfk"mnfO{ s'g} kll:ylt jf s'g} s'fsf] cg's"n t'Nofpg] sfd jf
u'0f . #= s'g} j:t'af6 jf s;}af6 s'g} s'f lnO{ To;df sf65fF6 yk36 uL cfgf] cg'sn "
t'Nofpg] sfd jf u'0f . (pbf) dfWoldssfnLg g]kfnL n]vsxn] k|frLg cfVofgxsf] cg'sn "
g u]sf 5g\ .) . $= cfk"mnfO{ jftfj0f
36

jf jfo'd08ncg'k 9fnL To;}g's"n lhpg] ljsl;t x'g] h}ljs u'0f, zlQm, k|lqmof jf sfo
{ (pbf) jg:klt hLjhGt'df cg's"ng ug]{ Ifdtf cGtlg{lxt x]sf] 5 .) . cg'sl " nt lj) c
g's"ng ulPsf] . cg'st [ lj)[;+)] != s'g} j:t', ljrf, sfo{ cflbsf] cg's0f, b]vfl;sL
jf gSsn ulPsf] . @= k|s[lt jf hLjghut\sf] j:t'ut k'gM;[hg ulPsf] . #= kdtjsf] k|ltR5
fof:jk [ t gf) != gSsn cg's0f b]vfl;sL . ePsf] . > cg'sl @= k|sl[ t jf hLjghut\sf] j:
t'ut k'gM;[hg (dfOd]l;;) . #= kdtj jf ka|Xdsf] k|lts[lt . cg'Qm lj) [;+)] != gelgPsf
] gatfOPsf] gslxPsf] cslyt . @= lqmofff clelxt jf slyt gePsf] (h:t} fdff af3 dfl
Sodf ;+:s[t Jofs0fsf b[li6n] stf{ fd sd{ af3 cg'Qm dflgG5g\ .) ~ l;l4 gf) ljz]if s'f
a'emfpg ts{gf a9fOg] cy{ ePsf] Pp6f gf6nIf0f . cg'qmd gf) [;+)] != qmlds kdf Pskl5
csf]{ x'g] jf cfpg] lqmof jf efj . @= ljifoj:t' tyf kf7j:t'sf ;\u7gdf z[\vnfa4tf j
f qmda4tfut ljz]iftf . #= lgoldt kn] rNg] qmd jf l;nl;nf . $= qmda4 kn] cufl8 a9\g
] sfd . %= s'g} qmdsf] cg';0f ug]{ sfd qmd l;nl;nf z[v \ nf k"jf{kqmd . cg'qmd0f gf
)] qmdnfO{ Jojl:yt 9\un] ldnfpg] sfd l;nl;nf ldnfpg] sfd . > cg'qmdl0fsf gf) != j0f
{ dfqfsf] qmdcg';f tof ulPsf] u|Gy jf s[lt cflbsf] ;"rL . @= k|foM u|Gysf cGtdf lbO
g] s'g} u|Gydf k]sf ljifo, k|;\u, d'Vo zAb cflbsf] j0ff{g'qmlds ;"rL . #= u|Gysf k
|fDedf lbOg] k|d'v ljifo jf zLif{spkzLif{ssf] cg'qmd jf l;nl;nf hgfpg] ;"rL . cg'q
mlds lj) [;+)] qmdfg';fsf] qmda4 l;nl;n]jf l;nl;nfa4 . cg'lqmof gf) [;+)] != s'g} sf
jf lqmofkl5 tyf To; lqmofsf] kmn:jk x'g] lqmofk|ltlqmof . @= s'g} p2Lkgsf] kmn:jk
dgdf jf :gfo'tGqdf 3l6t x'g] k|ltlqmof cg'e"lt cfj]u efjgf . cg'ut lj) [;+)] != cg'u
dg ug]{ kl5lNt nfu] hfg] . @= kl5lNt nfu]sf] k5fPsf] . cg'ud gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f
t'tYosf] cg';0f . @= ts{zf:qcg';f j:t'tYosf] ko{j]If0faf6 lgsflnPsf] s'g} lgisif{
jf dfGotf o;L lgisif{ lgsfNg] jf dfGotfsf] :yfkgf ug]{ tfls{s k|lqmofsf] kl0ffd cfud
g cg'udg . cg'udg gf) [;+)] != s;}sf kl5kl5 nfUg], s'g} dtsf dfu{df lxF8\g], s'g}
k4lts]f cg';0f ug]{, s;}sf glhsdf

37

cg'ufdLcg'TkGg cg'1lKt gf) [;+)] != z'Ns ltL ;sfL taaf6 cg'dlt lnP dfq j:t'sf] pTkfb
ljt0f, pkef]u cflb ug{ kfOg] cg'dltkq Ohfhtkq nfO;]G; . cg'1f gf) [;+)] != d'Vo cfb]
z jf ljwfgnfO{ JofVof ulg] pkcfb]z cg'dlt Ohfht . @= d'Vo xflsdn] cfgf dftxtsf clwsfL
xnfO{ lbg] cf1f . kq gf) Ohfhtkq . cg'tKt lj) [;+)] != dfgl;s tfk jf ;Gtfk k]sf] . @
= s'g} k"jk { ; | \uaf] kZrfQfk, Sn]z jf cfTdUnflg cg'ej ug]{ ;GtKt . cg'tfk gf) [;+
)] != dfgl;s tfk ;Gtfk hng cf}8fxf . @= kZrfQfk ysysL k5'tf] . #= cfTdUnflg dfgl;s Sn
z ck;f]r . cg'Qd lj) [;+)] != pQd gePsf] pDbf g7xlg] . @= ;fdfGo vfnsf] cf};t vfn] lg
g:tsf] tNnf] vfn] 3l6of lgs[i6 lgDg . cg'Q lj) [;+)] != pQ gePsf] . @= k|Zgsf] pQ
y{ s'g} uNtL jf ckfwaf] ;f]wk'5 ubf{ hjfkm lbg g;Sg] gfhjfkm . #= df}g . bfloTj gf)
= pQbfloTjsf] cefj pQbfoL gx'gfsf] efj . @= st{Jo bfloTjsf] pk]Iff . bfoL lj) != pQ
oL gePsf] jf gx]sf] cfgf] cf] x bf jf lhDdfsf sfds' fdf bfloTj jf pQbfloTjsf] af]w g
ug]{ . @= s'g} sfds'f lau|]sf]df jf q'l6uNtL ePsf]df s'g} klg k|sfn] pQbfoL 7fGg jf
7xofpg g;lsg] . #= s'g} sfds'f lau|gfdf lhDd]jfL gePsf] u}lhDd]bf u}lhDd]jf . cg'
;+)] != hjfkm jf pQ glbOPsf] . @= kx]nLsf kdf x]sf] x:ofTds x:of]b3 \ f6g x'g g;s]sf]
. #= clxn];Dd s'g} pQ jf ;dfwfg k|fKt gePsf] s'g} 6'u \ f] nfUg g;s]sf] tfljs (1fglj1
fgsf ljleGg If]qdf hlt k|Zg p7]sf 5g\ tLdWo] lgs} k|Zg cem} cg'Qlt kdf 5g\ .) . ~
k|Zg gf) != pQ jf ;dfwfg k|fKt x'g g;s]sf] k|Zg ;dfwfg x'g g;s]sf] ;d:of . @= x:odo
cj:yfdf g} u'lh|x]sf] ljifo . cg'QL0f{ lj) [;+)] != kf gePsf] gbL cflb t] kfl gk'u]s
. @= kLIff cflbdf c;kmn . tf gf) kf gx'gfsf] jf kfl gk'Ugfsf] efj, l:ylt jf u'0f c;k
ntf ljkmntf . cg'TklQ gf) [;+)] != pTklQ jf pb\ejsf] cefj . @= k|s6 gx'gfsf] efj j
f l:ylt cl:tTjdf gcfPsf] Joj:yf . #= ljrf jf l;4fGtsf :k'm0fsf] cefj gofF ljrf jf l;4
fGt cflbsf] pb\ej gePsf] l:ylt . cg'TkGg lj) [;+)] ghGd]sf] pTkGg gePsf] . ljk) pT
kGg .

hfg] jf s;}sf] ;xof]uL x'g] sfd cg'ud . > cg'udgfTds lj) cg'udgdf cfwflt cg'udgaf6 k
|fKt cg'udgjfnf . cg'ufdL lj) [;+)] != s;}sf kl5 nfUg] csf kl5 nfu]sf] k'5] cg'r c
. cg'u'0f lj) [;+)] != ;dfg u'0f ePsf] ldNg] u'0f ePsf] To:t} vfnsf] nIf0f ePsf] .
gf) @= fd|f] u'0f ePsf j:t'sf] ;+;u{n] c j:t'sf] pTsif{ klg TolQs} kdf jl0f{t x'g]
Ps sfJofn\sf . cg'ux [ Lt lj) [;+)] != 7"nfa8fxsf] s[kf, bof, cg'sDkf jf lgufx k|fKt
u]sf] . @= s;}sf] cg'u|x kfPsf] pksf ulPsf] pks[t cg'slDkt . cg'ux | gf) [;+)] 7"n
fn] ;fgf JolQmpk k|;Gg eO{ b]vfpg] bof, s[kf jf lgufx . @= 7"nfa8fn] lgufx jf s[k
f fvL ;fgf JolQmxnfO{ ug]{ pksf jf enfO . > cg'u|xf\s gf) kLIffyL{n] k|fKt u]sf c\s
]} dfq ylklbFbf pQL0f{ x'g] eP kLIfsn] ylklbg] c\s s[kf\s (u|; ] dfs{) . cg'r gf) [;
!= gf]srfs . lj) @=kl5 nfUg] lk5nUu" . cg'lrt lj) [;+)] plrt gePsf] pko'Qm gePsf] dg
l;a gePsf] cf}lrTosf] ;LdfeGbf ksf] . @= vfa a]7Ls . #= Gofo;\ut gePsf] g;'xfpg] cg'
Qm a]dgfl;a . tf gf) plrt, pko'Qm jf dgfl;a gx'gfsf] efj cf}lrTosf] cefj cgf}lrTo . ~
nfe gf) != s;}sf] c1fg, c;dy{tf jf ljjztfdf p7fOg] kmfObf . @= a]Ltaf6 k|fKt ulPsf
] cfDbfgL . cg'Rr lj) [;+)] != pRr jf cUnf] gePsf] xf]rf] gLrf] . @= tNnf] txsf] lgD
g :tsf] . #= k'8\sf] . cg'Rrlt lj) [;+)] pRrf0f gePsf] . cg'Rrf0f gf) [;+)] pRrf0fsf
efj jf cg'kl:ylt . > cg'Rrf0fLo lj) pRrf0f;Dd klg ug{ gx'g] . @= gfd} lng gx'g] d'vn
] eGg gx'g] . #= tflGqs cg'zf;gcg';f dgdg} ;f]lrg] dgdg} hlkg] . cg'Rrflt lj) [;+)]
!= pRrf0f gulPsf] . @= atfpg;Dd klg gatfOPsf] d' v n] gelgPsf] . #= tGqdGqsf] cg'z
f;gcg';f dgdg} ;f]lrPsf] hlkPsf] . cg'Rrfo{ gf) [;+)] pRrf0f gx'g] jf x'g g;Sg] . cg
'R5]b gf) [;+)] != sdeGbf sd jfSoxsf] ;d"xaf6 s]xL s'f] JoQm ulPsf] cfn]v . @= cfn]v
sf] ;a}eGbf tNnf] sf]l6 sl08sf cleJolQmv08 Koffu|fkm . #= sfg'gsf] bkmf . $= n]v jf
k|aGwsf a'FbfxdWo] s'g} Ps . cg'h lj) [;+)] != cfk"meGbf kl5 hGd]sf] . gf) @= efO
. cg'hLjL lj) [;+)] != s;}sf cf>odf xL hLljsf rnfpg] cfgf] :jtGq sdfOwdfO gePsf] cfl>
t kfl>t kfjnDaL khLjL . gf) @= ;]js gf]s rfs .

cg'Tkfbscg'kklQ cg'Tkfbs lj) [;+)] pTkfbg gug]{ pTkfbg ug]{ zlQm, Ifdtf jf ;fdYo{ g
ePsf] . tfTj gf) cg'Tkfbs x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf l:ylt . cg'Tkfbg gf) [;+)] pTkfbgsf]
cefj s'g} hUufhldgdf pAhf gePsf] l:ylt afnLgfnL jf k}bfjf k|fKt gx'gfsf] efj jf cj
:yf . cg'Tkflbt lj) [;+)] pTkfbg gePsf] jf gulPsf] . cg'T;fx gf) [;+)] != pT;fxsf]
cefj jf cg'kl:ylt . @= hfFu tTktfsf] cefj . #= c?lr pbf;Lgtf g}fZo . > cg'T;flxt lj
T;fx gePsf] pT;fx xfPsf] . cg'T;fxL lj) pT;fx gfVg] pT;flxt gx'g] pbf;Lg pT;fxgfd]6
g'bfQ lj) [;+)] != pbfQ gePsf] cg'bf . @= If'b| t'R5 lgs[i6 gLr tNnf]vfn] . gf) #= :
{sf] pRrf0f ubf{ :jf3ftdf ljz]if hf]8 gkg]{, :jsf pbfQ, cg'bfQ :jlt tLg e]bdWo] Ps :
f:j;lxt j}lbs dGqsf] kf7 ubf{ xft tn em8\sfL cleJoQm ulg] k|lqmof . cg'bfg gf) [;+)]
!= s'g} fHo, k|zf;gsf tkm{af6 cyjf s'g} fli6ocGtf{li6o cflwsfls ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 ljz]i
sfdsf lglDt ;+:yf jf pQbfoL JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ulPsf] jflif{s jf k6s] cfly{s ;xof]u
. @= ;f] ;xof]u:jk lbOg] sd . #= rGbf z'Ns . cg'bf lj) [;+)] != pbf gePsf] csf pk
efjgf gfVg] csf] enf] xf];\ eGg] glrtfpg] . @= s8f jf ;\s'lrt x[bo ePsf] . #= kfljfl
;'v;'ljwf ;fdflhs lxtsf cTofjZos sfo{df dg k'msfP vr{ar{ gug]{ s[k0f sGh'; . $= k|
rlnt ;fdflhs dfGotfdf ;'wf jf kljt{g grfxg] To:tf] kljt{g jf ;'wfsf] k|ltf]w;d]t ug]
;\sL0f{ ljrfwff ePsf] k'ftgkGyL l9jfbL . tf gf) ;\sl' rttf ;\sL0f{tf l9jflbt
blIfkGyL b[li6 . jfb gf) k|rlnt ;fdflhs dfGotfdf ;'wf jf kljt{g grfxg] To:tf] kljt{
jf ;'wfsf] k|ltf]w ug]{ ljrfwff jf b[li6sf]0f l9jfb k|ltlqmofjfb oyfl:yltjfb . j
cg'bfjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] pbfjfbsf] ljf]wL . cg'Bd gf) [;+)] != pBd jf pBf]usf] cefj cg
]u . lj) @= pBd gug]{ pBddf gnfu]sf] . > cg'BdL lj) cg'Bf]uL . cg'Bf]u gf) [;+)] !=
pBf]usf] cefj s'g} nIo xfl;n ug{ cfjZos pBf]u jf k|of;sf] cefj . @= cfn:o cN5fOF cs
d{0otf lgliqmotf pbf;Lgtf . > cg'Bf]uL lj) != pBf]u, ldx]gt jf k|of; gug]{ . @= hfF
u gePsf] cN5L csd{0o lgliqmo . cg'lUg lj) [;+)] != dgdf s'g} klg lrGtf, Sn]z jf
38

cft\s cg'ej gug]{ plUg gePsf] . @= gx8a8fpg] gcflQg] . tf gf) lglZrGttf, l:ytf Sn]
gtf . cg'u ] gf) [;+)] lrGtf, Sn]z jf cft\ssf] cg'ej gePsf] zfGt l:y dgl:ylt p]usf
efj . cg'wf0ff gf) [;+)] s'g} ljifo jf ;d:ofsf af]df lrGtgdgg jf cg';Gwfgsf qmddf c
FuflnPsf] k"j{wf0ff To:tf] lrGtgdgg jf cg';Gwfgsf k|fDedf cg';0f ulPsf] t k|fKt x'g c
pg] tYoxaf6 v08gd08g b'j} x'g ;Sg] lsl;dsf] k"jd { fGotf cg'sNkgf k|fSsNkgf zf]w;fdu
|Lsf] k|ltkfB j:t' . cg'go gf) [;+)] != zlQmzfnL jf k|efjzfnL JolQmsf ;fd' cfgf c s
;}sf p4f tyf lxtsf lglDt ljgok"j{s ulg] k|fy{gf jf cg'f]w . @= cfk"ml;t l;fPsf] jf p
bf;Lg x]sf] s'g} JolQmnfO{ afDaf kmsfO{km ' NofO{ jf lemfO{ cfgf] cg'sn " t'Nofpg ulg
k|of; ljgo laGtL laGtLefp k|fy{gf . ~ ljgo gf) laGtLefp cg'go . cg'gfb gf) [;+)] !=
g} Wjlg jf cfjfh cfPkl5 To;af6 pTkGg sDkgsf] kmn:jk k|s6 x'g] bf];|f] Wjlg jf Wjl
gt\u k|ltWjlg Gsf] . @= gfblj1fgcGtu{t Ps} k|sfsf b'O{ ;"Idgfbsf of]uaf6 pTkGg x'g] u
eL tyf :y"n gfb . #= ;\uLtdf jfBjfbg ubf{ x'g] sDkgaf6 k|fKt ePsf] uds . > cg'gfbs
lj) k|ltWjlg k}bf ug]{ u'~hg ug]{ gfb k}bf ug]{ (pbf) hnt\u cg'gfbs afhf xf] .) . c
'gflbt lj) k|ltWjlgt ePsf] u'h F s ] f] . cg'gfl;s lj) [;+)] != gfs] :jn] pRrf0f ulg
d'v gfl;sfsf of]uaf6 pRrlt gfl;So . Gff) @= gfs] :jn] af]lng] Wjlg (, `, 0f, g, d O)
) . #= cIfsf lzdf nfuL gfl;sLs0fnfO{ hgfpg] lrXg rGb|ljGb' h"gl6sL (h:t} 8fFs, cfF;',
xfF;f], agfpF5' O)) . cg'Ggt lj) [;+)] != pGglt jf ljsf; gePsf] gp7]sf] pGglt jf pR
rtfdf gk'us ] f] pGgltlxt pGgltxLg . @= xf]rf] k'8\sf] cljsl;t . cg'Gd'St gf) [;+)] !
s'g} afwfaGb]haf6 :jtGq x'g gkfPsf] aGwgdf k]sf] g5f]l8Psf] . @= klzf]wg guLsg flvPs
] (C0fkq) . #= sffufdf x]sf] s}bd'Qm gePsf] (s}bL) . cg'ksf gf) [;+)] pksfsf] cefj
] enfO jf sNof0f ug]{ k|j[lQsf] cefj cnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jf d2t lbg] u'0fsf] cefj cks
f s'enf] clxt xflg csNof0f . > cg'ksfL lj) != cg'ksf ug]{ . gf) @= cg'ksf ug]{ Jo
g'kklQ gf) [;+)] != pkklQ, k|df0f jf k|fdfl0fs k|ltkfbgsf] cefj . @= 7f]; k|df0fff
o'lQmk"j{s s'g} s'f

39

cg'kdcg'k|:y cj:yf . %= ;fd]nLsf lglDt cflwsfls kdf tf]lsPsf ;do 7fpFdf ;fd]n gePsf
] l:ylt . ^= lgwf{lt sIffdf k9\g gcfO{ lzIfsn] xflh lnFbf gcfPsf] egL hgfOPsf] l:y
lt u}xflhL uon cljBdfgtf . cg'kft gf) [;+)] != ;fk]Iftf bFhfO jf bfFhf] t'ngfTdstf
k9fOsf] cg'kftdf n]vfOdf a9L k|ltef rflxG5 .) . @= s'g} vf; t'ngfTds jf ;fk]If d
fkg, dfgf\sg d"Nof\sgsf qmddf x'g cfpg] dfqf, efu jf c+z (pbf) o; Joj;fodf fdn] ? @%
,))) Zofdn] @),))) nufgL u]sfn] ;f]xL cg'kftdf o;sf] gfkmfgf]S;fg klg ltgLxn] a]xf
]g]{ ePsf 5g\ .) . #= ;dfg cfofd ePsf s'g} b'O{ dfg, d"No jf ;\Vofsf] dfg, d"No j
f ;\Vof Pscsf{;Fu slt k6s u'0ff jf efu hfg ;S5g\ eGg] lx;fan] lgwf{lt x'g] l;\uf] ;\
Vof jf leGgsf kdf klg k|s6 x'g ;Sg] k:k;fk]If dfqfTds ;DaGw . (h:tf] # $ df ToxL cg
'kft 5, h'g !@ !^ jf @$ jf #@ df 5 # $ sf] cg'kftnfO{ ul0ftfTds efiffdf #M$ jf #$
egL n]Vg ;lsG5 . ) . $= k| d f0f OR5fsf ;fk] I f dfqfut ;DaGwcg'k k|df0fkmn OR5fk
mnsf] ;DaGwdf lgwf{lt x'g] q}flzs jf k~rflzs lqmof . %= s'g} sfi7flb jf ;flb cf}ifwL
tof ubf{ k|of]u ulg] ljleGg j:t'sf] k:k;fk]If dfqf c+z efu efuafF8f] . > cg'kftL l
'kftsf] cg'kft;DaGwL cfg'kflts . cg'kfb]o lj) [;+)] != pkfb]otf jf pkof]lutf gePsf]
cg'kof]uL . @= :jLsf ug{ nfos gePsf] u|fXo gePsf] cu|fXo . #= s'g} k|sfsf] klg dxj, d
"No jf cfjZostf gePsf] pkfb]otflxt pkfb]otfljxLg cgfjZos . tf gf) != pkfb]otf jf pko
]lutfsf] cefj cg'kfb]o x'gfsf] efj . @= u|x0f ug{ jf :jLsf ug{ nfos s'g} klg u'0fs
f] cefj s'g} klg k|sfsf] dxj, d"No, pkof]lutf jf k|of]hgsf] cefj . cg'kfgcg'kfd gf) [
;+) cg'kfg] != cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwLdf Ps cf}ifwLsf ;fy;fy} ld;fOPsf] s'g} csf]{ cf
}ifwL . @= cf}ifwL vfPkl5 jf ;fy;fy} vfOg] csf]{ cf}ifwL jf vfB j:t' . #= cf}ifw
Lsf] l7Ss c8\slnPsf] dfqf . cg'k"s lj) [;+)] != klxn] ePsf] sfdsf] jf klxn]sf j:t'
sf] ck'udf ylkg] gk'u ePdf yk ulg] ;Dk"s . gf) @= To;L ylkg] j:t' . cg'kl " t lj) [;
eO;s]sf] sfd, ePsf] j:t' cflbdf sdL jf ck"0f{ eO{ kl5af6 k"lt{ ulPsf] kl5af6 ylkP
sf] k"f ulPsf] ;Dk"lt . cg'k: | y gf) [;+)] != l;tf, lutfh:tf tfjfBdf cf}Fnfn] tf
klxnf]kN6 lg:sg] sDkg tf cflbaf6

l;4 ug{ g;lsPsf] jf ;flat gePsf] cj:yf cl;l4 ck|ltklQ . cg'kd lj) [;+)] != pkdf geP
sf] pkdf lbg g;lsg] ct'ngLo a]hf]8 . @= pQd >]i7 pDbf lg?kd . tf gf) cg'kd cj:yf j
f ct'ngLotf lg?kdtf . > cg'kd]o lj) cg'kd . cg'ko'St lj) [;+)] != rflxFbf] sfddf gc
fpg] grflxFbf] pko'Qm gePsf] . @= sfdsf] nfos gePsf] sfd glbg] . #= cof]Uo . $= g;'
xfpFbf] . %= ckfq . ^= cg'lrt . tf gf) s'g} sfds'f, ljifo jf k|;\usf lglDt h]h:tf]
x'gk ' g]{ xf] 7Ls To:tf] gx'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf cof]Uotf ckfqtf cg'lrttf g;'xf
pFbf]kg cldNbf]kg . cg'kof]u gf) [;+)] != pkof]usf] cefj . @= pkof]u, Jojxf, sfd jf
rngrNtLdf gcfPsf] l:ylt . #= h'g lsl;dn] k|of]u ug'{kg]{ xf] To;sf] cefj . $= c
g'lrt tjn] ulPsf] k|of]u jf pkof]u b'?kof]u . > cg'kof]lutf gf) != pkof]u jf pkof]l
utfsf] cefj pkof]uL gx'gfsf] jf cg'kof]uL x'gfsf] efj s'g} nfe jf kmfObf glbg] jf
gx'g] l:ylt a]sDdfkg Joy{tf lgy{stf . @= zf:qLo jf ;}4flGts pkof]lutf eP klg k|of]u,
Jojxf jf rngrNtLsf b[li6n] s'g} klg pkof]lutf gePsf] l:ylt . cg'kof]uL lj) != pko
f]lutfljxLg pkof]lutf gePsf] . gf) @= pkof]lutfljxLg JolQm . cg'knAw lj) [;+)] !=
gkfOPsf] pknAw gePsf] k|fKt gePsf] ge]l6Psf] ldNg jf kfOg g;s]sf] . @= e]p gkfOPsf] k
Qf] gnufOPsf] c1ft ck|fKt . tf gf) pknAwtfsf] cefj cg'knAw x'gfsf] jf pknAw gx'gfsf]
efj jf l:ylt ck|fKotf . > cg'knlAw gf) != pknlAw jf k|flKtsf] cefj s'g} s'f pknAw
gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt s'g} s'f e]6g \ , kfpg, ldNg jf kQf nufpg g;Sgfsf] efj jf l:
ylt ck|flKt . @= sfds'f ubf{ nIo xfl;n x'g g;s]sf] cj:yf c;kmntf ljkmntf . cg'kl:yt l
j) [;+)] != cfgf ;fd'Gg] gePsf] jf gx]sf] pkl:yt gePsf] . @= s'g} vf; 7fpF jf cj;df
df}h'b gx]sf] . #= pkl:yt xg egL cflwsfls kdf tf]lsPsf] 7fpF jf ;dodf ;fd]n x'g gcfP
sf] . $= sfd ug'{kg]{ cf jf ;+:yfdf xflh x'g gcfPsf] jf xflh gx]sf] . %= lgwf{lt sIff
df k9\g gcfO{ lzIfsn] xflh lnFbf gcfPsf] egL hgfOPsf] . > cg'kl:ylt gf) != pkl:yl
tsf] cefj cg'kl:yt x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . @= s'g} 7fpF, ;do jf cj;df pkl:yt gxgfsf]
efj jf l:ylt . #= af]nfOPsf] jf lgDTofOPsf] 7fpFdf ;lDdlnt x'g gcfPsf] l:ylt .
$= cf jf ;+:yfdf s'g} lbg jf s]xL ;do u}xflh x]sf]

cg'kf | l0ftcg'ldlt klxnf]kN6 cfpg] :j . lj) @= lIflth;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] cfsfz;Fu ;DalG
wt If}lth . cg'kf | l0ft lj) [;+)] != k|f0f xflnPsf] ;hLj t'NofOPsf] . @= k|]0ff k|b
fg ulPsf] k|]lt ulPsf] . #= lgs} dfqfdf k|efljt k|f0fjfg\ ;hLj pTk|l] t k|l] t .
f) [;+)] ;flxTol;4fGtcg';f kb jf kbfjnLcGtu{t ;dfg Wjlg ePsf Ps jf cg]s Jo~hgj0f{
sf] afDaf cfj[lQ x'Fbf x'g hfg] zAbfn\sf (5]sfg'kf | ;, j[og'kf | ;, >'Tog'kf | ;, nf
6fg'kf | ;, cGTofg'kf | ; O) .) . F ;Da4 s;}sf k|lt cg'a4 lj) [;+)] s'g} d'Vo ljif
oj:t';u akmfbfLk"j{s ;+nUg ePsf] . cg'aGw gf) [;+)] != b'O{ jf w]} JolQm, ;+:yf, kI
f cflbsf aLrsf] ;Demf}tf . @= To:tf] ;Demf}tfsf] lnvt . #= u|Gy;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo
, k|of]hg ljifoL oL tLg}sf] ;DaGwdWo] s'g} Ps . > cg'aGwg gf) cg'aGw sf ;Demf}tf
lws[t gf) sfof{no cflbdf cg'aGw ug]{ clwsfL . > cg'alGwt lj) cg'aGw ulPsf] . cg'e0f
f) [;+)] s'g} ;]jfdf hLjg latfpg] dfG5]sf d[To'kl5 pgLxsf :jf:gL, 5f]f5f]Ln] hLjglg
jf{xsf lgldQ kfpg] hLjgj[lQ cg'jl[ Q . cg'ej gf) [;+)] != OlGb|o jf :gfo'xsf dfWoda
f6 pTkGg p2Lkgsf] kmn:jk k|s6 x'g] dfgl;s cg'lqmof cg'el" t ;+j]bg . @= kfFr} OlGb|
on] ef]uL s]xL s'f] rfn kfpg] lqmof jf To;L rfn kfPsf] 1fg . #= ef]ufO, r]tfO, a]x
f]fO cflbsf] lqmof jf k|lqmof . $= pQm lqmofk|lqmofaf6 k|fKt dfgl;s af]w . %= :jf
b, u'0f, ljz]iftf cflbsf] pkef]u tyf To:tf] pkef]uaf6 k|fKt af}l4s nfe . ^= pd],
Jo:ttf, ;xeflutf cflbn] ubf{ ljrf lzNkdf cfpg] klkSjtf bIftf rft'o{ . jfb gf) cg'e
O{ g} k|wfgtf lbg] Ps bz{g . jfbL lj) cg'ejjfb;DaGwL cg'ejjfbsf] cg'ofoL . xLg lj)
cg'ej gePsf] . xLgtf gf) cg'ejxLg rfn jf cj:yf . > cg'ejfTds lj) cg'ej;Fu ;DalGwt
. cg'ejfl>t lj) cg'ejsf] e k]sf] cg'ejdf c8]sf] -1fg, ljrf O)_ . cg'ejL lj) cg'ej e
sf] jf kfPsf] . cg'efj gf) [;+)] ;flxTozf:qcg';f, dgdf s'g} efj pAhFbf ljz]iftM s'
g} ;sf] cg'el" t x'b F f k|s6 x'g] dfgl;s zfLls Jofkf efjnfO{ pko'Qm nIf0fff k|sfl
] { dfgl;s / zfLls Jofkf . @= etsf] ;lgiklQ;DaGwL ;"qcg';f ljefj JolerfL efjsf ;fy
lQdf e"ldsf v]Ng] tj :yfoL efj p2LKt ePkl5 To;sf cf>odf k|s6 eP :yfoL efjnfO{ aflx k
|sfz ug]{ sfo{>]0fLsf] Jofkf . #= dof{bf rds zlQm .
40

$= j}ej k|efj . %= ;\sNk ljZjf; . > cg'efjg gf) != zLsf r]i6f, d'b|f jf e\ludfff
jsf] k|sfzg . @= cg'efjJofkf . cg'efJo lj) != cg'ej guL gx'g] cg'ej ug'k { g]{ . @=
cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] . cg'e"t lj) [;+)] != cg'ej ulPsf] cg'el" tsf kdf u|x0f ulPsf] . @= e
f]luPsf] a]xf]lPsf] . #= cg'ejl;4 . cg'e"lt gf) [;+)] != OlGb|ox jf :gfo'xsf dfWodaf6
k|fKt p2Lkgsf kmn:jk k|s6 x'g] dfgl;s lqmof, k|ltlqmof, cg'lqmof, 36gf jf Jofkf df
gl;s cg'ej dgn] cg'ej ug]{ Jofkf jf lqmof cg'e"t ug]{ Jofkf jf sfo{ . @= c+ztM dfgl;
s tyf zfLls t k"0f{tM OlGb|outrflxF gePsf] cfgGb, kL8f cflb cg'et " x'g] cg'lqmof j
f ;+jb ] gf dgf]bzf dgl:ylt dgf]efj jf dgf]fu . #= cfGtls k|ToIf0f, :d[lt of sNkgfzlQ
mff k|fKt ePsf] dfgl;s cg'ej ;f] cg'ej ug]{ sfd jf cg'ej ePsf] l:ylt . ut lj) cg'e"l
t;DaGwL . hGo lj) cg'e"ltaf6 k|fKt ePsf] . d"ns lj) cg'el" t d"n eO{ To;af6 pTkGg
. z"Go lj) cg'e"lt gePsf] cg'e"ltljxLg cg'e"ltgfd]6 . cg'dt lj) [;+)] :jLs[ltk|fKt c
'dltk|fKt . cg'dlt gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfdsfjfO{ cflbsf nflu kfOg] jf lbOg] :jLs[lt c
fb]z cf1f x's'd . @= dGh'L :jLs[lt . ~ kq gf) s]xL ug{ jf st} hfg lbOPsf] cg'dltsf] k
|df0fkq . k|fKt lj) cg'dlt kfPsf] :jLs[lt kfPsf] (sfd, kfpg] JolQm O)) . cg'dfg gf
) [;+)] != o:tf] xf]nf jf x'G5 egL cfgf dgn] c6\sNg] jf cGbfh nufpg] sfd nv k"j { cg
'ej cfgf ;demsf cfwfdf s'g} sfds'f, j:t', JolQm, ljifo cflbaf] ulg] cGbfh efjL sfds
flbaf] ulPsf] c8sn . @= s'g} j:t' jf JolQm cflbs]f kldf0f jf OoQfaf] df]6fdf]6L lx;f
a nufO{ ulg] cGbfh . (pbf) Tof] v;L olt wfgL{sf] xf]nf eGg] cg'dfg ulPsf] 5 .) . #=
k"jL{o Gofozf:qn] :jLsf]sf k|ToIf, cg'dfg, pkdfg zAb rf k|df0fdWo] k|ToIf ;fwgff ck
|ToIf ;fWonfO{ k|dfl0ft ulg] bf];|f] k|df0f . $= s'g} vf; cjlwcGtu{t ljleGg zLif{
sdf x'g] cfDbfgLvr{sf] cGbfh ug]{ sfd . tM lqm)lj) cg'dfgk"j{s cg'dfgff . > cg'dflgt
j) cg'dfg ulPsf] cg'ldt . cg'ldt lj) [;+)] cg'dfgff lg0f{o ulPsf] cg'dfg uL 6'\uf]
f] . cg'ldlt gf) [;+)] != cg'dfg cGbfh c8sn . @= cg'dfg ulgfsf] jf cg'dflgt x'gfsf]
efj jf cj:yf . #= k|frLg Gofocg' ; f ts{ k | l qmofff k| f Kt s' fsf cfwfdf lgsflnPs
f], cg'e"ltsf rf e]bdWo] Ps dflgg] lgisif{ .

41

cg'd]ocg'nf]d :tdf cg'ej x'g] k|Lltsf] k|flDes efj cf;lQm cg'lQm :g]x Kof k|Llt
fo dfoflktL{ . > cg'fuL lj) != s'g} ljifok|lt cg'fu ePsf] cg'Qm e'msfp ePsf] . gf)
k|d ] L. cg'fwf gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] ;ft tffxsf ldngn] ubf{ ;k{sf cfsfsf] b]lvg]
kmlnt Hof]ltifsf b[li6n] Hofb} z'e d\unsfL klg dflgg] ;qf}F gIfq . cg'k lj) [;+)] !=
p:t} k ePsf] sf6Ls'6L ldNbf] b'?:t} p:tf] ;dfg ksf] h:tfsf] t:tf] . @= h]h:tf] rflxP
f] xf] 7Ls To:tf] . #= h]h:tf] ulPsf] xf] To;dflkmssf] p:t} ;b[z k|ltk pko'Qm of]Uo
n " . tf gf) cg'k x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ;dfgtf ;fb[Zo . cg'f]w gf) [;+)] s;} ;dIf s'
sfds'f ;DkGg ufpg jf s]xL s'f k|fKt ugf{sf lglDt gd|tfk"j{s k|fy{gf ug]{ sfd ;fu|x l
gj]bg ljgo laGtLefp . > cg'f]ws lj) != cg'f]w ug{] . gf) @=cg'f]w ug]{ JolQm . ~ kq
) bvf{:t lgj]bgkq . cg'f]wL lj) cg'f]ws . cg'j { lj) [;+)] != pj{ jf pAhfp gePsf]
f] vf] . @= pTkfbg ug{ jf hGd lbg g;Sg] hGdfpg g;Sg] . #= sd pAhfp jf sd pj{ . tf gf
cg'j{ x'gfsf] u'0f, :jefj jf l:ylt . cg'nfe gf) [;+)] s'g} j:t' jf s'fsf] k|flKt kln
fe pknlAw nfe . cg'lnlk gf) [;+)] != Ps lnlkaf6 csf{ lnlkdf ulPsf] ptf Psvfn] x:tfIf
csf]v { fn] x:tfIfdf ptf ug]{ sfd (6fG;ln6];g) . @= To;L ptf ulPsf] lnvt jf 5fkf .
nv ] gf) [;+)] n]lvPsf] s'f ;fg]{ sfd jf sfo{snfk k|ltlnlk . > cg'n]vg gf) != klxn
] n]lvPsf pNn]vgLo 36gf cflbsf] ljj0fsf] km]l csf]{ k|lt ;fg]{ sfd gSsn ;fg]{ sfd .
@= k|ltlnlksf] ptf . cg'nk ] gf) [;+)] != zLdf 3l;g] jf blng] rGbg, lqmd cflb ;'uG
wL j:t' . @= ;'g, rfFbL cflbdf hnk nufpg] sfd s'g} wft'df ;'g cflbsf] d'nDdf nufp
g] sfd . > cg'nk ] g gf) != Psrf]l6 n]kg ul;lsPsf s'g} j:t'dfly k'gM csf]{rf]l6 n
]kg ug]{ sfd . @= zLdf ;'ulGwt j:t' 3:g] sfd cg'n]k . cg'nf]d gf) [;+)] != dflyb]lv
tn;Dd emg]{, v:g] jf cfpg] qmd . @= 7"nfb]lv ;fgftkm{ emg]{ jf cfpg] l;nl;nf . #
= ;'N6f] qmd . $= pRr :jb]lv tNnf :jxtkm{ cf]n{g] cjf]xsf] qmd . %= kDkfcg';f pRr j0
jf hftsf k'?ifn] cfgf]eGbf tNnf] j0f{ jf hftsf cfOdfO{;Fu ljjfx ug]{ ;'N6f] qmd .

jfb gf) ; cg'dfguDo 5 eGg] ;flxTozf:qLo l;4fGt . cg'do ] lj) [;+)] cg'dfg ug{ nfos
jf of]Uo . @= cg'dfgff hfGg ;lsg] . cg'df]bs lj) [;+)] != cg'df]bg ug]{ ;dy{g ug]{
. gf) @= s'g} ;ef jf a}7sdf k|:t't ePsf] k|:tfj jf ljrfsf] ;dy{g ug]{ JolQm ;dy{s
. cg'df]bg gf) [;+)] != s;}n] p7fPsf], ;'emfPsf] jf k|:tfj u]sf] s'fnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{
sfd . @= cflwsfls kdf k|:t't k|:tfjnfO{ l:jsfg]{ sfo{ . #= eO;s]sf] s'g} sfds'fnfO
{ kl5af6 ;dy{g ug]{ sfd . $= s;}n] s'g} sfds'f ug{ kfpmF egL lgj]bg ubf{ lghnfO{
;f] sfds'f ug{ k|bfg ulPsf] ;xdlt jf k"j: { jLs[lt ;dy{g :jLsf ;xdlt . cg'df]lbt lj)
+)] cg'df]bg ulPsf] ;dy{g k|fKt ePsf] ;dly{t . cg'ofoL lj) [;+)] != s;}sf] kl5kl5 nf
Ug] jf cg';0f ug]{ . gf) @= s'g} cfbz{, l;4fGt jf jfbsf] cg';0f of cg's0f ug]{ JolQ
m . #= s;}sf] pkb]z jf l;4fGt dfgL To;}cg';f cfr0f ug]{ JolQm s'g} wd{ jf ;Dk|bfo d
fGg] JolQm cg'ufdL ;dy{s . cg'of]u gf) [;+)] jfBjfbgsf ljleGg :jnxLaf6 cfj[lQ ePsf tf
gsf] Psktf :jaf6 cfPsf] cg'tfgsf] ;dfgtf . cg'Qm lj) [;+)] != dgdf s;}kl| t jf s'g} s
'fk|lt cfsif{0f, cg'fu jf cf;lQm cg'ej ug]{ nxl;Psf] cf;Qm cg'fuL . @= :g]xL k|]dL .
gf) cg'Qm x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt cg'fu . > cg'lQm gf) s'g} ljifok|lts]f cToGt nufp cg'
|]d . cg'~hg gf) [;+)] dg axnfpg] sfo{ dgf]ljgf]b . cg'0fg gf) [;+)] != 306f cflb s'g
} j:t'af6 lgl:sPsf] Wjlg jf cfjfhsf] Gsf] ;f] Wjlg jf cfjfhsf] t\u . @= cf3ft jf 3if
{0fsf] kmn:jk s'g} j:t'af6 6f6f cflb lvlnf] Wjlg jf 0fg k}bf x'Fbf nx:jk k|s6 x'g]
|ltWjlg Gsf] . #= gfb of zAbsf] nxsf qmdaf6 k|s6 eO{ s]xL ;dokl5 ljnLg x'g] jf lanf
O{ ;dfKt x'g] :jsf] d'Vo k > cg'0fgfTds lj) cg'0fg ePsf] . cg'l0ft lj) [;+)] != cg'
lPsf] jf ePsf] . cg't lj) [;+)] cToGt nfluk]sf] cg'Qm n6\6" nUu" . cg'fu gf) [;+
kl| t jf s'g} s'fk|lt dgdf cg'ej x'g] cfsif{0f, ;+nUgtf tyf cf;lQmsf] efj . @= s'
g} j:t' jf JolQmtkm{ dg k|jQ [ x'g] Jofkf jf cj:yf . #= s'g} JolQm jf s'fk|lt dgsf
] e'msfp To;L dg tflgPsf] jf ;+nUg x]sf] l:ylt . $= z[\ufsf ;Gbe{df ldng jf zfLls ;D
x'ge ' Gbf clu gfL k'?ifsf aLr dfgl;s

cg'Nn\3gcg'zLng cg'Nn\3g gf) [;+)] pNn\3g gug]{ sfd . > cg'Nn\3gLo lj) != pNn\3g u
'g,] g;lsg] jf plrt gx'g] . @= tf]8\g jf ldRg gx'g] . #= csf6 cg'Nn\o cn\o . ~ cg'Nn
) != gfg gx'g] jf g;lsg] . @= csf6 . #= cg'Nn\3gLo . cg'jz + gf) [;+)] != s'g} Ps ;
femf d"n k'vf{b]lv xfFuflaFuf xfNb} cfPsf] Pp6} s'n jf laGb|fnf]sf ljleGg k':tf
;Gtfgb;Gtfgsf] qmd . @= k'Vof}n { L j+zfjnL j+zkDkf . #= j+zfg'qmd j+zqmd j+zj[If .
+zsf] gfnLa]nL j+zj[Q j+zsf] Oltxf; . > cg'jZ + o lj) != j+zqmd jf j+zfjnL;Fu ;DalG
wt . @= s'g} j+zdf hGd]sf] . #= j+zj+z x'Fb} cfPsf] j+zqmddf ;b}{ cfPsf] cfg'j+lzs
. cg'jQmf gf) [;+)] != Ps hgfn] Ps efiffdf af]n]sf] s'f csf]{ efiffdf bf]xofpg] Jo
lQm bf]ef;] . @= csf{n] af]n]sf] s'f h:tfsf] t:t} bf]xf]ofpg] JolQm . cg'jrg gf) [;+
)] != s'g} zAb jf jfSosf] b'?:t cg's0f uL ulg] pRrf0f . @= efiffzf:qcg';f pxL cy{ ePs
f] zAb;Fu G;df;sf kdf 6fFl;g cfpg] s'g} zAb (h:t} wg;DklQ, b'Mvbb{, ;fu;AhL O) . ) .
#= To;L 6fFl;g] lqmofk|lqmof . cg'jt{g gf) [;+)] != gSsn ug]{ sfd cg';0f cg's0f . @=
;dfg cfr0f ldNbf]h'Nbf] Jojxf . #= kl5 nfUg] jf k5fpg] sfd . cg'jtL{ lj) [;+)] != s'g
} vf; :yfg jf ;doeGbf kl5lNt xg] of x]sf] kZrjtL{ . @= s'g} JolQmsf] kl5kl5 nfUg] s;}
sf cwLgdf jf d'7Ldf x]sf] k5'jf cg'ofoL cg'ufdL . ~ sfo{qmd gf) cg'jtL{ jf cg'udgfTds
cWoogsf nflu tof ulPsf] of]hgfa4 sfo{qmd . cg'jfs gf) [;+)] zf:qLo u|Gysf] s'g} vf
; efu, v08 jf c+z . @= s'g} Ps ljifosf] k|ltkfbg ug]{ j}lbs Crf, sl08sf jf dGqxsf
] ;d"x j]bsf cWofo jf k|s0fsf] vf; c+z jf Ps kf7 . cg'jfb gf) [;+)] Ps efiffsf] lji
foj:t'nfO{ csf]{df kfGtlt ug]{ sfd pNyf efiffGt eflifs kfGt . sstf{ lj) != pNyf
) @= pNYofpg] dfG5] . > cg'jfbg gf) cg'jfb . cg'jflbt lj) cg'jfb ulPsf] cg"lbt . cg'
jfbL gf) s'g} fusf] jfbL :jsf] cg'k ;xsfL eO{ To; fusf] ;f}Gbo{ a9fpgfdf ;xof]uL
L :jeGbf uf}0f :j . cg'jfB lj) cg'jfb ug{ of]Uo pNyf ug{ nfos . cg'ljefu gf) [;+)] !=
s'g} k':ts jf u|Gydf x]sf d"n v08b]lv cltlQm x]sf] ;fgf] v08 jf ljefu . @= cfg} lsl
;dsf rfnrng Pj+ Jojxf ePsf] s'g} ;dfh jf
42

;Dk|bfosf] v08 jf pke]b . #= s'g} sIffdf x]sf ;d"xsf] ljifo kms x'g] sf0fn] ubf{ 5'
lPsf] ;fgf] pk;d"x . $= s'g} sfof{nosf ljleGg ljefudWo] Ps kmfF6 . > cg'ljefuLo lj
) != cg'ljefusf] cg'ljefu;DaGwL . @= ;sfL jf u};sfL ljefuxdWo] s'g} Ps ljefusf] (clw
clws[t O)) . cg'jQ [ lj) [;+)] != s'g} ;sfL jf u};sfL ;+:yfdf lgwf{lt ;do jf pd];
d ul;s]kl5 ;]jfd'Qm ePsf] . @= Jofs0fcg';f klxnf] ;"qdf x]sf] cy{ kl5Nnf ;"qdf klg ;
DalGwt x]sf] . #= kl5 cfpg] ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt x]sf] (b[li6 jf ljrf) . > cg'jl [ Q gf)
!= s'g} ;sfL jf u};sfL ;+:yfdf lgwf{lt ;do jf pd];Dd sfd uL ;]jfaf6 d'Qm eO;s]kl5
ghnfO{ pQm ;+:yfaf6 lgoldt ;dodf lbOg] lglZrt sd lgj[lQe0f . @= Jofs0fcg';f cluNnf ;"
q jf lgodsf] cy{ kl5Nnf ;"q jf lgod;Fu klg ;DalGwt xg] lqmof . cg'zofgf gf) [;+)]
;flxTozf:qcg';f k|d ] L;Fu e]6g \ ] :yfg gi6 x'gfn] b'MvL ePsL ksLof gflosf . cg'z
f;s gf) [;+)] cg'zf;gdf fVg] JolQm cfgf cwLg:y jf cfl>t x]sf JolQmxnfO{ lzi6frfdf f
olQm . cg'zf;g gf) [;+)] != ;fdflhs, g}lts, wfld{s, fhgLlts cflb lgodlgodfjnLsf] d
of{bf jf ;f] dof{bfleq xg] sfo{ . @= cfbz{ cfr0f To;sf] kfngf . #= dfGo j:t' dfGo
hgk| l tsf] cf:yf . $= lzIff tflnd lzIf0f . %= lzIf0flqmofsf] Ps k4lt . ^= cfk"mdl
GtsfnfO{ sfa"df fVg] sfo{ cbk . &= lgoldttf ;'Joj:yf zflGt;'Iff . *= ;+od cfTd;+od .
kj{ gf) != vl08t cg'zf;gnfO{ ;'wfg]{ k|of; jf Tof] k|of; ePsf] sfn . @= dxfeftsf c
7f kj{dWo]sf] Ps kj{ . ~ lk|ok|d ] L lj) != cg'zf;g dg kfpg] . gf) @= cg'zf;g dg kfpg
] JolQm . xLg lj) cg' z f;g gePsf] cg' z f;g gdfGg] cg'zf;glxt . cg'zfl;t lj) [;+)
!= cg'zf;gdf x]sf] cg'zf;g dfGg] . @= cg'zf;gdf NofOPsf] jf flvPsf] . tf gf) cg'zfl
;t x'g] tyf xg] sfo{ jf u'0f . cg'zLng gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f jf ljifosf] vf]hLlgtL,
5fglag jf lrGtgdgg ug]{ sfd . @= s'g} u|Gy, ljifo, tYo jf ;d:ofsf ;a} c\upkf\u s]
nfO{ Hofb} ;"Id b[li6n] ljZn]if0fljj]rg ug]{ sfd To:tf] ;"Id lsl;dn] ulPsf] ljZn]i
f0f ljj]rgf . #= s'g} u|Gy jf ljifosf] afDaf cWoog tyf cEof; uL ;"Idflt;"Id hfgsfL k
|fKt ug]{ sfd lrGtg dgg lgk0f cWoog cfnf]rgf . stf{sfL lj) cg'zLng ug]{ .

43

cg'>'tcg':d0f cflbsf] zf]w;DaGwL sfd ug]{ kmfF6 . ~ ;ldlt gf) ljZjljBfno cflbdf cg'
;Gwfgsf nflu ul7t ;ldlt . > cg';GwfgfTds lj) cg';Gwfg;DaGwL . cg';lGw gf) [;+)] s
'g} ljz]if sfo{ ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt ;DalGwt JolQmn] dfq yfxf kfpg] t cn] yfxf gkfpg]
uL ulPsf] ;Nnfx jf ;lGw u'Kt;lGw . cg';lGwT;' gf) [;+)] zf]wfyL{ . cg';Gw]o lj) [;+)
cg';Gwfg ug{ plrt zf]w ug{ nfos . cg';dy{g gf) [;+)] s'g} ljz]if sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ j
f ;f] ljifodf 5nkmn, ljrfljdz{ cflb ug{sf lgldQ e]nf ePsf k|ltlglwxff ulPsf] ;Demf}tf
cflbsf] ;dy{gnfO{ ljlwk"j{s ;+ljbfkqdf x:tfIf cflbff ulg] :jLs[lt jf clek'li6 . ~ ;
+nv ] gf) b'O{ fi6n] k:kdf u]sf ;lGwnfO{ ;dy{g ug]{ clwsfk|fKt ;sfL k|d'v k|ltlgl
fIf u]sf] ;lGwkq . cg';0f gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t', ljifo, ljrf, s'f jf JolQmsf] kl5kl5
nfUg] sfd . @= s'g} JolQm h'g lbzftkm{ uPsf] 5 To;}tkm{ hfg] sfd . #= s;}sf] cf1
f jf cfb]zsf] kfng ug]{ ;f] cf1fcfb]zadf]lhd rNg] jf cfr0f ug]{ sfd 7x jf lgZro ePcg
';f ug]{ sfd . $= cg's0f gSsn b]vfl;sL . cg';u{ gf) [;+)] Jofs0fdf ljelQm jf cGo k|To
sf] sfd ug{sf nflu d"n zAbdf hf]l8g] k;\u7gfTds tj (pbf) sf], sf, sL, nfO{, b]lv O))
. cg';f gf) [;+)] != O;ff ;fg cG;f . @= nv c8sn . gf) of]) #= d'tflas adf]lhd dfl
= ;x t'No em}F cg'k . > cg';fL lj) != cg';0f ug]{ cg'ofoL . gf) @= gSsnafh . cg';"
;+)] s'g} s'fsf] ;"rgf lbg] lgb]{zs . cg';"rg gf) [;+)] ljz]if lsl;dsf] ;"rgf lgb]{z
. cg';l " rt lj) [;+)] != cg';r " L, tflnsf jf ;fl0fLdf ;fd]n ulPsf] . @= s'g} vf;
k|of]hgsf lglDt tof ulPsf] ljz]if ;"rLdf k]sf] . #= klul0ft . cg';r " L gf) [;+)] ;+
ljwfg, P]g, sfg'g, ;lGw, sf cflb dxjk"0f{ b:tfj]h jf s'g} u|Gy, n]v, k|ltj]bg cflbs
f] d"n kf7nfO{ 5f]6f]5ltf] tyf ;';\ul7t t'Nofpg] clek|fon] d"n kf7df vf;vf; s'fsf]
dfq pNn]v uL tL s'fsf] lj:t[t ljj0f jf JofVofrflxF k|foM juL{s[t u] kllzi6 jf k"s c+
kdf fVg] k|lqmofcGtu{t kllzi6df k|of]u ulPsf] ;"rL tflnsf ;fl0fL . cg':d0f gf) [;
lat]sf jf eO;s]sf s'fnfO{ ;Demg] sfd k'fgf s'fsf] ;Demgf . @= s'g} ljifonfO{ dgdf wf0
ff ulxg] lqmof jf k|lqmof la;]{sf s'fsf] ;Demgf

cg'>t ' lj) [;+)] !=slxNo} g;'lgPsf] . @= ;f]Rt} g;f]lrPsf] sNkgf;Dd klg gulPsf] .
#= s] sf0fn] jf s'g k|of]hgsf nflu eGg]af] s]xL klg hfgsfL gePsf] . > cg'>l ' t gf)
df}lvs kDkfff k':tf}Fk':tf ;'lgFb} cfPsf] s'f sYo >Jokdf rlncfPsf] t s'g} lglZrt
f k|df0f ge]l6g] s'f hg>'lt ls+jbGtL . cg'i6'k \ gf) [;+)] cf7cf7 cIfsf rf kfpaf6 aGg
, j}lbs sfnb]lv cfw'lgs eftLo cfo{efiffsfn;Dd rNb} cfPsf], k|To]s kfpsf] kfFrf}F
cIf n3' tyf 5}6f}F cIf u'? bf];|f] rf}yf] kfpsf] ;ftf}F cIf n3', cGo kfpsf] ;ftf}F c
If u'? x'gfsf ;fy} ljleGg kfpsf cGo cIf n3' jf u'? b'j} eO{ ljleGg e]b x'g ;Sg] Ps
5Gb . cg'i7ftf lj) [;+)] != cg'i7fg ug]{ jf ufpg] zf:qdf atfOPsf] ljlwd'tflas lgod
k"js { o1 cflb jf cGo wfld{s sfo{ ug]{ufpg] . @= Psfu| eO{ s'g} ljz]if dxjk"0f{ sl
7g sfo{ ug]{ufpg] . cg'i7fg gf)[;+)] != zf:qn] atfPcg';f o1ofuflb wfld{s sfo{ ug]{
sfd . @= ceLi6 kmn jf lrtfPsf] s'f kfpgfsf nflu zf:qdf atfOPsf] ljlwd'tflas lgodk
"js { s'g} b]jtfsf] hk, k"hf, kf7 cflb ug]{ sfd . #= To:tf] lsl;dsf] cffwgf jf pk
f;gf . $= lgodk"js { Psfu| jf bQlrQ eO{ ulg] s'g} wfld{s, ;fdflhs jf cGo ljz]if d
xjk"0f{ sl7g sfo{ . %= To:tf sfo{sf] z'efDe uL ;kmn kfg]{ sfd cffwgf pkf;gf k'Zr
{De ljz]if sfo{ . > cg'i7flgs lj) != cg'i7fg;DaGwL cg'i7fgaf]sf] . @= zf:qLo ljlwk"j
{ jf zf:qLo lgodfg';f ulPsf] sfo{;u F ;DalGwt . #= ljz]if dxjk"0f{ sl7g ;]jfsfo{;D
aGwL . cg'li7t lj) [;+)] cg'i7fg ulPsf] lgodfg';f ulPsf] ;Dkflbt . cg'i0f lj) [;+)]
ud jf tftf] gePsf] gudf{Psf] udL{ gx'g] . @= lr;f] zLtn . tf gf) zLtntf lr;f]kg . c
Gwftf gf) [;+)] cg';Gwfg ug]{ JolQm zf]wstf{ . cg';Gwfg gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f vf]Hg]
jf kQf nufpg] sfd uj]if0ff cGj]if0f cfljisf . @= zf]w . #= gofF ;To jf tYosf] vf]hL
. $= k|xL cflbff ulg] 5fglag tnf;L . ~ lgb]{zs gf) ljBfjfllw jf To;eGbf tNnf] txsf]
';Gwfgdf zf]wstf{nfO{ lgb]z { g ug]{ ljz]if1 zf]wlgb]z { s. ~ lgb]z { g gf) zf]wlg
b]z { ssf] bfloTj jf sfo{ . ~ klof]hgf gf) vf; ldltdf olt cg';Gwfg ug]{ egL s'g} ;
+:yfff yflnPsf] klof]hgf . ~ k|:tfj gf) zf]wfyL{n] zf]w btf{ ufpgsf nflu zf]wsf] a]xf
]f vf]n] k|:t't u]sf] lnlvt k|:tfj zf]wk|:tfj . ~ k|xL gf) 5fglagsf nflu t}gfy ulPsf
|xL jf k|xLbn . ~ zfvf gf) ljZjljBfno

cg':d[ltcg}lts ;f} F fO x]Ssf . cg':d[lt gf) [;+)] :d0f ;Demgf . cg':jf gf) [;+)] g
efiffdf lzljGb' ( + ) rGb|ljGb' ( F ) sf ;xfotfn] pRrlt x'g] :jj0f{sf] gfs] cj:yf .
(sfFqmf], lhpFbf], j+z, x+; O)) . cg'xf gf) [;+)] sYo) cg'jf . != cfsf cfs[lt k . @
]xf . #= d'v, d'vfs[lt d'vd08n . $= gSsn k|lts[lt . lj) %= ;dfg p:t} afa . cg'xfL
+)] csf] h:t} cg'xf agfpg] gSsn kfg]{ cg's0f ug]{ . cg"9 lj) [;+)] != ljjfx gePsf] c
flxt . @= s'df . > cg"9f lj) != ljjfx gePsL cljjflxtf . @= s'dfL sGof . gf) #= ljjfx
gePsL t s'g} k'?if;Fu k|]d ug]{ p;l;t ljjfx ug{ rfxg] gflosf (;flxTodf) . cg"lbt
lj) [;+)] cg'jfb ePsf] jf ulPsf] pNyf ulPsf] kfGtlt efiffGtlt . cg[0f lj) [;+)] !=
u]sf] lg gePsf] lg glnPsf] s'g} ;fx" gePsf] . @= C0faf6 d'Qm ltg'{kg]{ lghlt ltl;s]
#= cfk"mk|lt s'g} u'g nufpg] jf pksf ug]n { fO{ cfk"mn] klg To:t} u'g nufO{ jf k
|To'ksf uL C0fd'Qm ePsf] . $= C0fqo jf b]jC0f, lkt[C0f ClifC0f uL tLg C0f qmdzM o1o
fuflb, 5f]f] hGdfpg] s'g} r]nfnfO{ k9fpg] sfd u] ltL C0fd'Qm ePsf] cC0fL pC0f C0fd
tf gf) C0fsf] cefj C0fL gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf C0fd'Qmtf . > cg[0fL lj) cg[0f . cg[t
lj) [;+)] e"m6f] c;To ldYof . tf gf) c;Totf e"m6 . ~ efifL lj) e"m6f] af]Ng] ;fFrf]
f]Ng] c;TojfbL ldYofefifL . jfbL lj) cg[tefifL . cg]s lj) [;+)] != b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf
a9L w]} s}ofF}F . @= c;\Vo cguGtL a]uGtL . #= w]} yL ljleGg gfgf ax' . tf gf)
] efj jf cj:yf . @= s'g} sfds'fsf af]df Ps} fo geO{ gfgf ljrf x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf kf
kls Pstf gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf dte]b . > cg]sg\ lj) != cg]s cg]sf}F gfgf . @= w]} s
}F . #= c;\Vo a]uGtL . ~ k gf) !=s'g} zAb jf kbsf pRrf0f jf j0f{ljGof;;DaGwL :jLsfo{
e]bsf b[li6n] x'g cfpg] PseGbf a9L k|of]u jf k s'g} zAb jf lqmofsf] kfjnLcGtu{t s'g
} vf; :yndf x'g] j}slNks k . lj) @= lgTo jf l:y gePsf] kljt{gzLn . #= k abNg] cfsfk|
m]g]{ . $= cg]s jf ax' k ePsf] s}of}F k lng] gfgfefFtLsf] ax'kL gfgfkL . ~ ktf gf
'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf cg]stf ljleGgtf ljifdtf . ~ jrg gf) != s'g} j:t', JolQm jf
lqmofsf] PsTjeGbf
44

a9L, lTj jf ax'Tjsf] ljjIff ulFbf efiffn] lng] clenIf0f . @= s'g} zAb jf lqmofsf] k
fjnLcGtu{t hgfOg] PseGbf a9L jrg ljrg jf ax'jrg (xfdLx hfG5f}F df x f}F n] qmdz
fsf] cg]s jrg hgfPsf 5g\\ .) . ~ j0f{ lj) != PseGbf a9L jf cg]s j0f{ jf \u ePsf] .
gf) @= aLhul0ftdf c1ft flzsf] ;\s]t ug]{ cg]s j0f{ jf cIfsf] of]u (s v u 3 O)) . z
qm) lj) != w]}h;f] s}og\kN6 . @= cg]s lsl;dn] gfgf k|sfn] . cg]sfIf gf) != PseGbf a9L
jf cg]s cIf Psflws cIfsf] of]u jf To:tf] ;d"x . lj) @= PseGbf a9L jf cg]s cIf ePsf]
. cg]sfIf/L lj) [;+)] cg]s cIf/ ePsf] cg]sfIf/ . > cg]sfr\ lj) PseGbf a9L jf cg]s c
r\ of :jj0f{ ePsf] . ljk) Psfr\ . cg]sfg]s lj) != cg]seGbf klg cg]s cg]sf}F k|sfsf] g
fgfjnLsf] gfgfyL . @= x'b F f]gx'b F f] afx|;QfO; (pbf) p;n] cg]sfg]s s'f b]vfO{ ;Dem
fP klg d]f] lrQ a'em]g .) . cg]sfy{ gf) [;+)] s'g} zAb, jfSo, cleJolQm jf s'fsf] Ps
eGbf a9L cy{ gfgfy{ ax' cy{ . lj) @= PseGbf a9L cy{ jf clek|fo ePsf] cg]s cy{df k|o
f]u x'g ;Sg] gfgfy{s gfgfyL{ cg]sfy{s cg]sfyL{ . > cg]sfy{s lj) cg]sfy{ . tf gf) P
bf a9L jf gfgf cy{ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf gfgfy{tf gfgfy{stf . > cg]sfyL{ lj) cg]sfy
{ . (pbf) dfn g]kfnL efiffsf] cg]sfyL{ zAb xf] .) cg]sf>o lj) [;+)] PseGbf a9L cf>
o jf cfwf:yfg ePsf] PseGbf a9L s'f;Fu ;DaGw fVg] PseGbf a9L k|;\udf nfUg] . > cg]sf>o
lj) cg]sf>o . ljk) Psf>oL . cg]sfl>t lj) [;+)] PseGbf a9L jf cg]s s'fdf cfl>t, cf
wflt jf lge{ cg]sf>o . ljk) Psfl>t . cg]sf} lj) [cg]scf}] F PseGbf a9L cg]s w]}
cg]sg\ . cg}sflGts lj) [;+)] != Pp6} j:t' jf s'fdf l:y gxg] cklxfo{ gePsf] . @= PsfGt
f a:g g?rfpg] PsfGtdf gePsf] . Gff) #= kfFr k|sfsf x]Tjfef;dWo] Ps dfq ;fwgsf kdf gx
]sf] rflxF x]Tjfef; . cg}So gf) [;+)] P]So jf Pstfsf] cefj cg]s x'gfsf] efj jf cj:
yf Psk jf ;dfg gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cg]stf . ljk) P]So . cg}lR5s lj) [;+)] OR5f geP
sf] OR5fk"j{s gulPsf] cjfl~5t . ljk) P]lR5s . cg}lts lj) [;+)] != s'g} ;dfhdf :jLs[t
jf k|rlnt ePeGbf ljkLt cfr0f ug] { s' g } ;+ : s[ l tcGtu{ t l:jsflPsf 7Ls a]7Ls c
fr0f;DaGwL dof{bfcg's"n

45

cg};lu{scG8L u0fgfsf qmddf cG7fpGg ;\Vofdf cfpg] cG7fpGg ;\Vofdf kg]{ . cG7fGgAa] gf
) [ k| f ) cfgj] < ;+ ) ci6fgjlt ] != ;GtfGgAa]eGbf Ps a9Lsf] ;\Vof (*c\sff hgfOg] u
sf] kldf0f . lj) @= gAa] / cf7sf of]u;\Vofsf] . > cG7fGgAa]cf} cG7fgAa]of} lj) uGtL
f qmddf cG7fGgAa]rflxF ;
\Vofdf kg]{ cG7fGgAa] ;
\Vofsf] . cG8aG8 lqm)lj) [k|f) cc08ljc
08 < ;+) csf08ljsf08 < ] != s'g} sfds'f h]h:tf] x'g'kg]{ xf] geO{ hyfefaL jf hyaf
tyaf eP s'g} tf}tlsflagf eb|uf]n jf uf]ndfn tjn] u8fd8f . (pbf) cG8aG8 uL sfd
Kt x'g]5}g .) gf) @= h]h;L sfd x'gkg]{ xf] ;f]cg';f sfd gePsf] cj:yf eb|uf]n uf]ndfn
(pbf) cG8aG8 knf{h:tf] nfu]sfn] d}n] Tof] sfd g} 5fl8lbPF .) . lj) #= l;nl;nf gl
dn]sf] c;Da4 k|nfkh:tf] . (pbf) cfgf lxt}ifL;Fu klg cG8aG8 s'f ug'{ fd|f] xf]Og . )
cG8 gf) [c\)] != s;}sf] dftxt, cwLg, lgoGq0f jf b]v]v . @= s;}eGbf tn jf dlg x]sf] l
:ylt (pbf) cfgf cG8df sfd ug]{ sd{rfL jf hgzlQmsf] efjgf ga'g] xflsd ;kmn x'g ;St}g .
) . ~ kfOG6k]G6KofG6 gf) zLsf] tNnf] efudf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] 5f]6f] leqL cwf]j:
OFhf3 jf UofFl6; cflb fvL To; cfwfdf sDddf jf sDddlg afFlwg], zLsf] sDddlgs]f tNnf
o] kl5lNtsf] k'f] rfs tyf clulNtsf] d"qfzo;Ddsf] efu 9fSg] tyf b'j} lt3|fsf] lkmnfs
f] dflyNnf] s]xL efu klg 9fSg] uL b'O{ kf6f hf]L l;OPsf] cu|efudf 6fFs jf r]g nufO
{ s]xL efu vf]Ng aGb ug{ ;lsg] ePsf] jf gePsf] leqL j:q ;fgf] hfFl3of jf hfF3] leq
L s6\6' sR5f . ~ nfOg gf) cwf]v ] f\lst ug]{ sfd cwf]v ] f cwf]]vf\sg sr 9fs . ~
cG8kfOG6 . cG8; lj) [;+) cGt ] != s'g} sfdsf lglDt x'g] c;lhnf] ufx|f] cK7]f] . gf)
= v'Fu] bf]wf c7af . cG8f gf) [;+) c08 ] c:tgkfoL rfr'?\uL cflb hLjsf kf]yLhftsf uef{
oaf6 pTkGg k|hggzLn sL6f0f'x ePsf] l8DanfO{ wf0f ug]{ kl5 ToxL hLjs} cg'k aRrf sfl9
g] uf]nf] lk08 rfr'\uLsf] k'mn To;nfO{ tfL jf pl;gL tof ulPsf] vfOg] klsf k'mn l
jfn lj) != g;'dlPsf] cfF8 ePsf] . @= cG8fsf] Jofkf ug]{ . jfNgL gf) cG8fsf] Jofkf u
cfOdfO{ cG8fsf] Jofkf ug]s { L kTgL . cG8L gf) [;+)c0fL <] != ];dsf ];faf6 cln df]6f
lsl;dn] a'lgg] k|foM eftsf cf;fddf tof x'g] cf]9\g]

grNg] o;f] ug'{ x'G5 o;f] ug'{ x'Fb}g eGg] ;fdflhs j}olQms cfr0f jf ljlwlgif]wsf]
kfngf gug]{ :jLs[t g}lts d"Nosf] cg';0f gug]{ . @= gLltcg'sn " gePsf] gLltlj?4 gLlt;\
ut gePsf] g}ltstf gePsf] . ljk) g}lts . tf gf) g}ltstfsf] cefj cg}lts x'gfsf] efj j
f cj:yf . cg};lu{s lj) [;+)] != k|fs[lts kdf h]h:tf] x'gk ' g]{ xf] To:tf] gePsf] k
|s[ltl;t gldNg] ck|fs[lts . @= agfj6L s[lqd gSsnL . #= k|s[lt jf :jefjcg';f h]h:tf]
x'g'kg]{ xf] To:tf] gePsf] c:jfefljs :jefjljkLt . ljk) g};lu{s . tf gf) g};lu{s jf k
|fs[lts gx'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf ck|fs[ltstf . cgf} gf) [;+) cGjs] v]tafL hf]Tgf
sf nflu k|of]u ulg], xnLn] xftff ;dfTg] To;} cfwfdf xnfnfO{ lglZrt lbzfdf hf]Tg] uL
nfOg] xnfsf] xftf] jf d'7 . cgf}lrTo gf) [;+)] != h]h:tf] x'gk ' g]{ xf] jf x'g'
plrt xf] To;sf] cefj cf}lrTo jf plrttfsf] cefj . @= cg'lrt jf cg'ko'Qm x'gfsf] ef
j jf cj:yf . #= cfrfo{ If]d]Gb|ff k|:t't cf}lrTojfbcg';f s'g} s[ltdf ;flxlTos tj, ; c
flbsf] plrt pkof]u gePsf] cj:yf . cgf}7f] lj) [lx) cg"7f < k|f) cg'f] ] != ;fdfGot
M x'g] jf b]lvg]eGbf gf}nf] gofF lsl;dsf] . @= cfgf c;fwf0ftf, ljlzi6tf jf ljnIf0ft
fn] ubf{ rlstljl:dt jf xSs g aSssf ;fy} k|;Gg t'Nofpg] . #= o;f] x'G5 xf]nf jf x'
g ;S5 egL lnOPsf] ;fdfGo wf0ff tyf ljZjf;eGbf lans'n} a]Un} cfZro{nfUbf] lj:dosfL ljn
If0f crDdsf] ck"j{ cb\e't ljlrq uhasf] 5SsnfUbf] . cgf}krfls lj) [;+)] != cf}krfls
tf]lsPsf] ljlw, Lt jf cf}krflstf gk'ofO{ ulPsf] (e|d0f, kf];fs, lzIff O)) . @= lgod
jf b:t'cg';f gePsf] cfk"mv';L (;dfrf, lr7Lkq O)) . #= k"j{of]hgf gldnfO{ jf k"j{lgwf
{0fljgf cfof]hg ulPsf] (;ef, ;Dd]ng O)) . tf gf) cf}krflstfsf] cefj cgf}krfls x'gfs
efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . cGvf;L lj) [cg\ vf; O{ ] != vf; cfgf] geO{ kfO{ ePsf] lafgf] (pbf
f e} cGvf;L, z7 x7 x6\of] jf no eof] . n]vgfy, t?0f tk;L .) cGhfd gf) [kmf)] != s
'g} sfds'fsf] kl0ffd, kmn jf c; . @= ;f] kl0ffd, kmn jf c;sf] k"j{ cg'dfg cGbfh c8sn
#= kl0ffd, glthf . cG7fpGg gf) [k|f) cjGgd\ < ;+) ci6k~rfzt\ ] != krf; cf7sf of]uaf
6 aGg] ;\Vof %* sf] c\s . lj) @= krf; cf7sf of]u;\Vofsf] . > cG7fpGgf} lj)

cGtMcGt n'uf Ps k|sfsf] e'nfof] . cGtM cJo) [;+)] s'g} pQkbsf clulNt nfuL leqL efu j
fGtls c+z cflb clek|fo a'emfpg] k"j{kb cGtsf] Tof] ljz]if k h'g pQkbsf] klxnf] cIf
kju{ tyf zsf jf ;sf ePdf x'g hfG5 (h:tf] cGtMs0f, cGtMk', cGtMk|]0ff O)) . s0f g
t cGt:s0f . sfn gf) x]) cGTosfn . sfnLg lj) b'O{ leGgfleGg} ;do jf 36gfsf aLrsf]
sfnsf] . k' gf) != fhfdxffhf cflbsf baf jf dxnsf fgLx cGo cfOdfO{x xg] leqL s
hgfgfvfgf . k| ] 0ff gf) != s'g} sfds'faf] dgdf cfkm}Fcfkm pAh]sf] k|]s efjgf jf lj
q}b]lv dgdf k}bf ePsf] k|]0ff jf k|j[lQ . @= ;xh jf :jfefljs kdf s'g} sfds'faf] dgdf
x'g cfPsf] :k'm0f aflxL sf0faf6 k|]lt geO{ cfGtls kdf k}bf ePsf] k|]0ff . #= dgf]l
f cg';f s'g} sfds'f ug{ cfGtls kdf cg'ej ulPsf] p2Lkg s'g} sfds'fdf k|j[Q x'g s;}nf
]lt ug]{ cfGtls p2Lkg ;xh k|]0ff :jfefljs k|]0ff cfGtls k|]0ff (pbf) of] sfd s;}n
Og, d}n] cfg} cGtMk|]0ffn] u]sf] x'F .) z'l4 gf) cfTdf jf cGt:s0fsf] z'4tf x[bodf s
kfk jf sfnf]d}nf] geO{ kljq, :jR5 jf pHHjn x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf lrQz'l4 . z'Ns gf
) b]zleq pAh]sf cfgf b]zd} tof ulPsf sltko rLhaLh, dfn;fdfg cflbsf] b]zleq}sf] pTkf
bg, laqmL jf vktdf ;sfff nufOPsf] leqL s eG;f . z'Ns clwsfL gf) b]zleq ag]sf pke
xdfly ;sfn] nufPsf] c;'npk ug]{ k|d'v clwsfL . z'Ns sfof{no gf) ;f] s p7fpg] sfd u
fof{no . ;\uLt gf) sljtf cflbdf cGtlg{lxt u]o u'0f . ;~rf gf) cfGtls ljrfxsf] ;~
lqmof cfGtls s'fsfgL . ;fIfL gf) != leqL x[bosf s'fxsf] ;f5L . @= cGtof{dL kdfTdf
#= dgdf v]Ng] c;n vfa b'j} yL efjgf, ljrf cflbsf] ;f5L eP x]sf] . :y lj) x]) cGt:
y fHo gf) b'O{ 7"n7"nf fHoxsf aLrdf x]sf] ;fgf] fHo . cGt! gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfds'f
flvL cj:yf ;f] sfds'f jf u|Gy, n]v cflb k"f x'g] jf 6'\lug] ;doljGb' cflvL 6'\uf]
g} j:t' jf s'fsf] cl:tTj, lj:tf cflbsf] cj;fg jf ;dflKt x'g] 7fpF xb . #= s'g} sfds
'f vQd x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;dflKt gfz . $= s'g} k|f0fLsf] hLjgsf] ;dflKt d0f d[To'
fj;fg . %= s'g} sfd s'fsf] cflvL glthf jf clGtd kl0ffd . ^= s'g} j:t', JolQm, tj jf s
fds'faf]sf] of] o:tf] xf] eGg] x:o
46

jf:tljs tj jf e]b . cGt@ lqm) lj) [k|f) c00fq < ;+) cGoq ] jQmfcg';f h'g 7fpFsf] k|
;\u 5 To;eGbf afx]ssf] 7fpFdf c 7fpFdf cGo :yfgdf cGoq . cGt# lqm) lj) [clg t ] s'fs
l;nfdf s;}sf] s'g} k|;\u jf s'fkl5 c s] s:tf] eof] eGg] cltlQm lh1f;f hgfpFbf bf];f
| ] jQmfff k|of]u ulg] zAb To;kl5 To;sf cltlQm . (pbf) ltdLn] fdnfO{ e]fof}, cGt s
<) cGts lj) [;+)] != dfg]{ . @= gfz ug]{ 6'U \ ofpg] . #= s'g} ljGb'df k'uL 6'l\ ug]
, ;lsg] jf ;dfKt x'g] (b'MvfGts, d0ffGts O)) . gf) $= odfh . %= sfn d[To' . cGtsfn g
f) [;+)] s'g} k|f0fLsf] cGt x'g] jf d0fsf] cj:yf clGtd sfn cflvL 38L d[To'sfn d0f;d
GttM lqm) lj) [;+)] s'g} sfds'fsf l;nl;nfdf ;'?df jf aLraLrdf h]h;f] eP klg cflvdf c
flvL ljGb';Dddf cGttf]uTjf cflvdf cGtdf . > cGttf]uTjf lqm) lj) s'g} sfds'fsf qmddf
gLdf jf dfemdf h]h:tf] eP klg cflvdf uP clGtd laGb';Dddf k'u] cGtdf cfOk'u]kl5 cGttM
tdf cflvdf . (pbf) ltdLn] :jf:Yosf sf0fn] cGttf]uTjf r'f]6 vfg] afgL 5f8\g} k5{ .) cG
t cJo) [;+)] != s'g} pQkbsf clulNt nfuL ;f] cfwfkbsf ;Gbe{sf dfemdf, leqL kdf, dftxtd
cyjf k:ksf] eGg] clek|fo hgfpg] k"jk { b (cGt/ljBfno, cGtfTdf O)) . @= s'g} cfwfkbs
f clulNt nfuL To;sf] dfemsf] jf dWo efusf] eGg] clek|fo hgfpg] k"jk { b (h:t} cGtlj
Bfno lgaGwk|ltof]lutf, cGt;+:yfg v]ns'b sfo{qmd O)) . gf) #= s'g} b'O{ j:t', JolQm,
;\Vof, sfds'f, 7fpF, ;do cflbsf aLrsf] leGgtf kms e]b . $= cjsfz, cGtfn b"L . %= b
olQm jf ;d"xdWo] PsnfO{ sfvf csf{nfO{ kfvf ug]{ sfd e]befj kIfkft . (pbf) afa'cfdfn
] 5f]f 5f]Lsf aLr cGt ug'{ x'Fb}g .) ^= dg, x[bo jf cGt:s0f . -pbf) cfgf] cGtsf] s
kfof] p;nfO{ vf]Ng'x'Fb}g_ . k);) &= s'g} cfwfkb jf k"j{kbsf kl5lNt nfuL ;f]eGbf
csf]{ jf cGo eGg] jf To;sf] kljt{g a'emfpg] pQkb (sfnfGt, b]zfGt, :yfgfGt O)) . ~ s'G
t gf) != s'g} j:t' jf s'fsf aLraLrsf] jf leqleqsf] efu . @= 5]p5fp 5]ps'gf s'gfsfKrf
'gfsfKrL . (pbf) d]f] snd gxfO{ la5f}gfsf cGts'Gtdf k]sf] dfq x]5 .) ~ SofDk; lj)
ofDk;sf aLrsf] SofDk;SofDk;sf aLrdf ePsf] (k|ltof]lutf, ;flxTo;Dd]ng O)) . lqmof !
= gf) b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L JolQm jf kIfsf aLrdf x'g] cfk;L s'fsfgL . @= kf:kls jf
tf{nfk .

47

cGt\ucGts{yf cGtlIf gf) [;+)] != k[YjL tyf u|x, gIfq cflbsf aLrsf] jf b'O{ u|x tffs
Lrsf] vfnL :yfg . @= ;Dk"0f{ ef}lts j:t' cjl:yt x'g] c;Lldt jf cToGt ljzfn Pjd\
ndfO, rf}8fO ulxfOsf b[li6n] lqcfoflds lj:tf ePsf] If]q cfsfz ge Jof]d . ~ ofqf gf)
gj;lxt jf dfgjlxt ofgff k[YjLsf] u'?Tjfsif{0fIf]qeGbf afXo cGtlIfsf] e|d0f . ~ ofqL g
f) afXo cGtlIfsf] ofqf ug]{ JolQm . (o'L ufulg k|yd cGtlIfofqL dflgG5g\ .) ~ ofg gf)
k[YjLsf] jfo'd08neGbf aflx dfgjlxt jf dfgj;lxt eO{ ofqf ug]{ s]6 cflb ofqf;fwg jf u
f8L . o'u gf) ;g\ !(%& sf] cS6f]a rf tflvsf] k|yd cGtlIf pku|x :k'tlgssf] ;kmn k|If]
0faf6 k|jlt{t tyf cGtlIfcg' ; Gwfg tyf ;dfgj cGtlIfofgxsf dfWodaf6 ultzLn ;dofjlw .
~ lj1fg gf) != cGtlIf;DaGwL cWoogcg';Gwfg uL To;sf] zf:qLo 1fg k|bfg ug]{ ljBf vuf]n
zf:q . @= jftfj0f;DaGwL ultljlwsf] cWoog tyf ljj]rg ug]{ df};d;DaGwL k"jh { fgsfL;
d]t lbg k|of; ug]{ zf:q . cGtllGb|o gf) [;+)] cfGtls OlGb|o dg . cGtld lj) [;+)] != b
O{ leGg sfnsf aLrsf] dWojtL{ ;dosf] . @= s'g} Ps klkf6L ;dfKt eO{ csf]{ klkf6L yfln
g] k|lqmofsf aLrsf ;dosf] s'g} Ps klkf6L 6'l\ uP klg csf]{ gofF klkf6L gyflnFb}sf cj
lwsf] . #= ;f]aLrsf] cjlwsf] x'gfn] c:yfoL jf s]jn sfdrnfp lsl;dsf] (cGtld cjlw,
cGtld sfn, cGtld Joj:yf, cGtld zf;g, cGtld ;sf O)) dWojtL{ c:yfoL . cGtL lj) [cGt
f] :qLln\uL k s'g} afa'sf 5f]LxdWo] hGdsf qmdn] 5}6f}F 7flxFnLeGbf kl5NnL 5f]L, a'x
mk" cflbsf u0fgfqmddf 5}6f}F . cGtLk gf) [;+)] kftnf], ;fFu'f] ;f]tf] kL ;d'b| jf lj
zfn tfnsf] lgs} leq;Dd k;]sf] e"efu jf hldgsf] lj:tf ;f]tf] kL lgs} leq;Dd k;]sf sf0
fn] tLg}tkm{af6 ;d'b|n] 3]lPsf] e"efu . (h:tf] sGofs'dfL cGtLk eftsf] blIf0fL e";Ldf
xf] . ) cGt] lj) [cGt P ] s'g} afa'sf 5f]fxdWo] hGdsf qmdn] 5}6fF} hGdsf qmdn] h]7f],
lxnf], ;flxFnf], sflxFnf] 7flxFnf]kl5sf] . cGts{yf gf) [;+)] != dgleq x]sf] s'f dgsf
] s'f cfGtls xfnrfn . @= cfGtls syf leqL syf . #= ;f\s]lts s'f u'Kt s'f x:odo s'
|s6 gePsf] leqL tj s'g} j:t', JolQm sfo{ jf k|;\usf] cJoQm leqL kIf . %= s'g} 7"nf]
syfleqsf] ;fgf] syf pksyf .

cGt\u lj) [;+)] != leqleq x'g] jf xg] cfGtls s'f;Fu ;DaGw fVg] leqL lelqof cfGtl
leqL jf u'Xo s'f;d]t hfGg] jf tL s'f;Fu ;DalGwt cfTdLo . #= Hofb} dg k]sf] lxQlrQ ld
n]sf] nFuf}l6of . ljk) alx\u . ~ sIf gf) != s'g} ejg cflbsf] leqL efu jf sf]7f . @=
s'g} lrlsT;fno jf c:ktfndf pkrfsf nflu cfPsf f]uLxdWo] c:ktfnd} egf{ eO{ ToxLF pkr
f ulg] f]uLxsf] ljefu jf sIf . ljk) alx\u sIf . ~ f]uL gf) c:ktfns} zofdf xL pkr
. ~ ;ef gf) cfTdLox ldn] ulPsf] ;ef u'Kt;ef . cGt0f gf) [;+)] s'g} k"jk { b jf cfw
f kl5lNt nfuL To;sf] ;fdf csf]{ s'g} s'f x'g] jf To;sf] l:yltdf kljt{gsf] clek|fo hg
fpg] pQkb . (:yfgfGt0f, x:tfGt0f O)) . cGtlbzf gf) [;+)] b'O{ lbzfsf aLrsf] sf]0f pk
bzf O{zfg, cfUg]o, g}CTo jfoJo lbzf . cGtk|hgg gf) [;+)] Pp6} hfltsf ljleGg e]bsf :
qLhflt k'?ifhflts]f ;Dks{ ufO{ ldl>t hfltsf] ;[li6 ug]{ lqmof ljleGg hfltsf :qLk'?
ifdf ;Dks{ ufP gofF hflt k}bf ufpg] sfd . cGt/fli6o lj)x]) cGt/f{li6o . cGt;DaGw g
] Pscsf{sf] jf Pscsf{sf sfo{sf] kf:kls ;DaGw . cGt:y lj) [;+)] != aLrdf x]sf] dWo:y
leq x]sf] uflePsf] . cGtlxdo'u gf) [;+)] b'O{ lxdfgLsf aLrsf] ;do . cGtlxdfgL gf) [;
)] b'O{ lxdo'usf aLrsf] ;do . cGtf gf) [;+)] != s'g} uLtsf] klxnf] kb jf :yfoLnfO{
5f]8L bf];|f] kb jf r0f s'g} uLt ufpFbf uLtsf] afaf bf]xf]lg] :yfoLn] 5f]lkg] aLrsf]
c+z jf dWo efu ;f] bf];|f] jf dWojtL{ r0f ufpg] lqmof . ljk) :yfoL . lqm) lj) @=
glhs lgs6 ;dLk . #= dfem aLr dWo . $= lxt ljgf afx]s . cGtfTdf gf) [;+)] != leqL c
df hLjfTdf b]xL . @= cfGtls r]tgf . #= cGt dg leqL dg cGtx[{bo cGt:s0f . $= k|f0f .
gf) 9f]sf ofn, bfh cflbsf] vfkfsf b'O{ kf6fnfO{ hf]8L aGb ug{ tfNrf nufpg, vf]Ng;d]
t x'g] uL Pscsf{df hf]lN6g] wft'sf] pks0f . cGtfn gf) [;+)] != b'O{ ]vf jf ljGb' cflb
sf aLrsf] cjsfz, lj:tf jf :yfg . @= b'O{ 7fpF jf ;dolaGb'sf aLrsf] c+z . #= To:tf
] vfnL 7fpF cGt dfem aLr dWo .

cGtu{tcGtlg{lxt cGtu{t lj) [;+)] != s'g} Jofks ;Gbe{leq kg]{ s'g} ljifo jf k|;\ucGt
u{t ;dfj]z ePsf] s'g} j:t', JolQm, ljifo cflbsf c\usf kdf x]sf] ;dflji6 ;lDdlnt ;fd]
@= s;}sf dftxt jf t}gfysf] s;}sf cwLgdf jf ]vb]vdf x]sf] . (pbf) eQmk' lhNnf jfUdtL
c~rncGtu{t k5{ . ;flxTocGtu{t uB kBsf ;fy} gf6s klg k5{ . d]fcGtu{t tLg hgf sd{rfL
sfd u5{g\ .) cGt3f{t gf) [;+)] cfgfn] cfg}nfO{ leqleq} k'ofpg] xflg gf]S;fgL aflxafl
jf ;Dd'vdf l7Ss kfL leqleq} s}r + L dfg]{ sfd . > cGt3f{tL lj) cGt3f{t ug]{ . cGth
{ut\ gf) [;+)] !=leqL b'lgofF cfGtls ;+;f . @= dgsf] ;+;f . #= cGt:tn x[botn . cGthf{
Lo lj) [;+)] ljleGg hflt jf hftsf aLrsf] b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L hfltsf aLrsf] cnucn
u hflt jf hftsf aLrsf] . (pbf) cfhsn cGthf{tLo ljjfxsf] k|rng a9\b} uPsf] 5 .) cG
t1f{g gf) [;+)] != dgdf jf cGt:s0fdf x'g] 1fg cGtaf]{w . @= k|s[ltaf6} hLjglgjf{x,
cfTd;'Iff cflbsf lglDt hLjnfO{ k|fKt ePsf] cfGtls, ;xh jf g};lu{s r]tgf ;xh 1fg ;xhf
g'el" t . #= cfg} jf csf dgleqsf] s'f hfGg] sfd . cGtHjf{nf gf) [;+)] != leqsf] cfuf
] dgsf] fFsf] . @= dfgl;s bfx, blUw jf hng cfGtls fktfk lrGtf ;Gtfk . cGtb{zf gf) [
!= dgsf] cj:yf cfGtls l:ylt dgMl:ylt . @= hGds'08nLcGtu{t s'g} Ps u|xsf] bzf jf dxf
bzfcGtu{t kg{ cfpg] cGo ljleGg u|xsf] bzf jf ef]usfn . cGtb{zL{ lj) [;+)] != x[bo
jf cGt:s0ftkm{ x]g{] . @= aflxsf] j:t'hut\eGbf cfk"mleqsf] cGth{ut\tkm{ a9L pGd'v
cGtd'{vL . #= csf dgsf s'fsf] cGbfh ug{ ;Sg] . cGtb{zfx gf) [;+)] lxGb";+:sfcg';f, d]
f JolQmsf] cfTdfsf] ;b\ultsf nflu d]sf lbgb]lv b;fF} lbg;Dd ulg] sfd jf s[To ;f] b;
lbg;Dd ulg] sfhlqmof k|]tsfo{ . cGtbf{x gf) [;+)] != zL jf dgsf] bfx, blUw jf hng cf
8fxf . @= cfGtls fktfk rsf]{ dfgl;s si6 dgsf] rsf]{ x'F8nf] dg kf]Ng] sfd rsf]{ kL .
tlb{zf gf) [;+)] != b'O{ lbzfsf aLrsf] sf]0fdf kg]{ lbzf cfUg]o, g}CTo, jfoJo O{zf
g rf pklbzfdWo] Ps . cGtb[{li6 gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f b]Vg], klxrfGg], ;Demg] jf a'g]
leqL cfFvf To;f] ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] cfGtls zlQm
48

leqL b[li6 . @= cGt1f{g :k'm0f . #= cfGtls r]tgf k|1f leqL a| X d 1fgrIf' g} ; lu{
jj] s . ( pbf) ;flxTosfxsf cGtb{[li6af6 hLjg hut\sf gofFgofF ;To pb\3fl6t x'G5g\ .)
cGtb]z { Lo lj) [;+)] != b]z jf d'ns ' leqsf] s'g} Ps b]zleq dfq ;Lldt cfEoGt cfGtls
. @= b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L b]zxsf aLrsf] ljleGg b]zx;Fu ;DalGwt cGtf{li6o . ~ kq gf)
fsJoj:yfcGtu{t rNg] leq lr7L n]Vg x'g] k6fPkl5 vfd;d]tsf] sfd lbg] kq xjfO{kq . cG
t4f{g gf) [;+)] leqsf] G s'g} 7fpFdf s'g} ;dodf eOx]sf] b]lvOx]sf] s'g} rLh jf JolQ
flb x]bf{x]b}{ crfgs gb]lvg] uL lanfpg], cfFvfaf6 cf]em]n jf cnk x'g] lqmof To;L n'
Kt jf ufoa x'g] sfd nf]k ltf]wfg cb[Zotf . (tk:jLnfO{ j lbgf;fy dxfb]j cGt4f{g eP .)
cGt{G gf) [;+)] dgdf o;f] uF ls p;f] uF x'gfsf] l:ylt dfgl;s lljwfsf] cj:yf cfGtl/s
tf{ gf) [;+)] 3sf] d"n 9f]sfafx]ssf] csf]{ 9f]sf h:s]nf] . cGtwf{g gf)x]) cGtf{g . c
f{f gf) [;+)] != gbL jf ;d'b|sf] dflyNnf] ;txdf k|s6 geO{ ;txeGbf tn jf leqleq} aU
g] kfgL cflbsf] k|jfx, ;f]tf] jf wff . @= s'g} ;dfh jf ju{ cflbsf leqleq km}lnPsf
] t ;dfGotM aflxL kdf k|s6 gx'g] vfnsf] ljrf jf wf0ff cflbsf] k|jfx . #= d"n wff jf k
jfxsf leqleq ;~rflt x'g] leqL wff cfGtls wff leqL wff uf}0f wff . (pbf) df]tLfdo
ff z[\uf eP klg cGtwf{fsf kdf rflxF elQmsf] klg cl:tTj x]sf] 5_ ljk) d"n wff . cGtW
f) [;+)] != dgdf ulg] WofpGg jf Wofg . @= s'g} s'fsf af]df dgsf] ;f]rfO, cGtb[{li6
jf Wofg s]lGb|t ug]{ lqmof . #= leqL b[li6 dfgl;s :tdf s'g} s'fdf tNnLg eO{ 8'Ag] T
o;af] dfq ;f]Rg] lqmof . cGtWj{lg gf) [;+)] != leqL Wjlg jf cfjfh d"n jf aflxL kdf k|
s6 Wjlgsf leqleq ;~rf x'g] cfGtls Wjlg Wjlgleqsf] Wjlg . @= s;}sf] cfTdfsf] cfjfh cG
tfTdfsf] k'sf jf leqL x[bosf] cfXjfg . #= cfGtls clek|fo leqL cfzo . cGtg{og gf) [;+)
] != leqL cfFvf lbJo b[li6 1fgrIf' k|1frIf' cGtb{[li6 . cGtlg{lxt lj) [;+)] != aflxL
f gb]lvP klg leqL kdf x]sf] . @= s'g} JolQm jf s'fsf] leqL c\usf kdf x]sf] l5k] x]
kPsf] . #= s'g} d"n s'fleq cGtef{j ePsf] . (pbf) tkfO{s F f egfOdf t rsf]{ Jo\Uo

49

cGtk{6cGtjf{l0fHo jf k"} dfgjhfltnfO{ cv08 dfgL tbg'k ;\ul7t jf c;\ul7t kdf cfr0f t
o{ ug{df hf]8 lbg] bz{g jf l;4fGt . @= cGtf{li6o :tsf sfo{If]q, cflwkTo, lgoGq0f cf
lbdf ljZjf; fVg] jfb ljZjaGw'Tjjfb . jfbL lj) cGtf{i6jfbdf ljZjf; fVg] tbg';f cf
sfo{ ug]{ . cGtf{li6o lj) [;+)] != b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L d'ns ' jf fi6sf aLrsf] ljZj
f ljleGg fi6;u F ;DalGwt ljleGg fi6xn] efu lnPsf] ljleGg fi6xdf ;lqmo Jojxf ulg
leGg fi6xdf zfvf, ;\u7g, ;b:otf, lqmofsnfk cflb ePsf] . @= s'g} vf; fi6sf] kllwnfO{
L ;Dk"0f{ ljZj jf l;\uf] dfgjhflt;Fu ;DaGw fVg] cGtfli6o cGtffli6o . ~ cfof]u g
sfdsfafO{ Pj+ Joj:yf cflbsf lglDt ag]sf] cfof]u . s0f gf) s'g} vf; fi6cGtu{t gfvL
i6o t'Nofpg] sfo{ . ~ sfg'g gf) fi6fi6sf aLr Gofof]lrt Jojxf ug{ ag]sf] sfg'g . ~
' s]Gb| gf) ljleGg fi6xsf] hnjfo' gfk ug]{ k|d'v 7fpF . tf gf) s'g} vf; b]zsf ;\sl
t :jfy{ ;Ldfdf gv'lDrO{ ;Dk"0f{ ljZj jf k"} dfgjhfltnfO{ cfgf lrGtg lqmofsnfksf] nI
o t'Nofpg] dfgjtfjfbL b[li6sf]0f, cf:yf jf bz{g . ljk) fli6otf . ~ ltly ]vf gf) !*)
l8u|Lsf] b]zfGt]vf . ~ b";~rf ;\3 gf) ljleGg fi6xdf b";~rfsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;
gfuls pog ;\3 gf) ljleGg fi6xdf jfo'ofgaf6 jfkf ug]{ ljz]if k|aGw ldnfpgsf lglDt
;\3 . ~ Gofofno gf) cGtf{li6o dfldnfsf] hfFra'em Pj+ Gofo ug]{ cf . ~ klkf6L gf) cGt
6o rfnrng, Llt:ylt Pj+ lgod . ~ efiff gf) ;a} fi6xdf ;b k|of]u x'g] efiff . ~ d'bf
if gf) ;+oQ ' m fi6;\3sf ;b:o ePsf ljleGg fi6xsf d'b|fxsf] ljlgdo, d"No l:y fVgdf
g]{ cflb sfdsf lglDt ;+o'Qm fi6;\3sf ]vb]vdf :yflkt sf]if jf vhfgf . ~ ljsf; ;\3 gf)
jleGg fi6xsf] cfjZos ljsf;sf lgldQ ul7t ;\3 . ~ ljQlgud gf) cGtf{li6o ;DklQsf] Joj:y
g]{ jf d'b|f;DaGwL sff]af ug]{ ;+:yf . ~ ljQLo cfof]u gf) cGtf{li6o cy{Joj:yfsf lglDt
ag]sf] cfof]u . ~ ;dembfL gf) cGtf{li6o d]nldnfk, d}qLJoj:yf cflbsf lglDt x]s fi6df
g'kg]{ ;dembfL . cGtnf{lksf gf) [;+)] != k|Zgleq} pQ l5k] x]sf] k|xl] nsf s"6 . @= Ps
lsl;dsf] ufpFvfg] syf . cGtj{tL{ lj) [;+)] != aLrdf x]sf] dWo:y . @= leq x]sf] cGtu{t
. cGtjf{l0fHo gf) [;+)] s'g} b]zleq ulg] Jofkf b]zleqsf]

kf] cGtlg{lxt 5 lg ) tf gf) cGtlg{lxt x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . cGtk{6 gf) [;+)]
!= 5]saf kbf{ af . @= cf8 cfwf e . #= rfsf cfFvfsf aflxL k6nleqsf] hfnL . $= cfR
sgL . { Gbf a9L k|bz ] jf If]q;Fu cGtk|fb {l ] zs lj) [;+)] b'O{ jf b'Oe ;DalGwt b
'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L k|b]zsf aLrsf] . cGtaf]{w gf) [;+)] dgdf k}bf x'g] cg'el" t j
f 1fg dfgl;s r]tgf cGt1f{g . cGtef{jcGtef{jgf gf) [;+)] != leqL efjgf cfGtls efj dgs
efjgf leqL cfzo jf clek|fo dgf]efjgf . @= cfgf] cnu klxrfg jf cl:tTj TofuL cdf ljnLg
, ;lDdlnt jf ;dflji6 x'g] sfd . #= s'g} vf; Jofks ;Gbe{cGtu{t cGo k|f;\lus s'fnfO{
ldnfpg] ufEg] ufleg] lqmof . (pbf) d}n] fv]sf] k|:tfjcGtu{t tkfO{Fn] p7fPsf] s'fsf]
klg cGtef{j 5 .) > cGtef{ljt lj) cGtef{j ePsf] ;dflji6 ePsf] cGte"{t . cGte"t { lj
) [;+)] csf]d { f ljnLg ePsf] jf uflePsf] ;dflji6 cGtef{ljt . cGtef}d { lj) [;+)]
hldgleq x]sf] e"ue{sf] . cGtd{g gf) [;+)] != leqL dg leqL r]tgf cGtx[b { o cGt:s0f
f . @= cjr]tg dg . cGtd{Gyg gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'fsf af]df ;"Id ;f]rljrf uL To;sf kIfl
kIf, nfexflg cflb ;Dk"0f{ ;Defjgf s]nfpg] sfd . @= cfGtls ts{ljts{ k|z:t dfqfdf uL
s'f dYg] jf dgg ug]{ sfd . cGtd'v { cGtd'v { L lj) [;+)] != leqtkm{ pGd'v cGt:s0ftkm{
pGd'v x'g] k|j[lQ ePsf] .@= aflxL hut\, lqmofsnfk jf ljifotkm{eGbf leqL cfWoflTd
s s'fxd} nLg x'g] . #= cfg} ljrf sNkgfdf tNnLg xg] aflxL hut\tkm{ sd ?lr fVg] .
dgnfO{ cfkm}Fdf jf cfk"mleq} s]lGb|t ug]{ . %= c;Fu plt ;Dks{ gfVg] af]nrfn gug]{
clg lxdlrd ga9fpg] cfTds]Gb|L ;\sf]rL :jefj ePsf] . ljk) alxd{'valxd'{vL . cGtof{d
L lj) [;+)] != s;}sf leqL dgsf ;a} s'fx hfGg] x[bo jf cGt:s0fsf] x:o yfxf kfpg] . @=
GtfTdfdf xg] jf jf; ug]{ cGtfTdfdf clwsf fVg] . gf) #= kdfTdf kd]Zj . cGtf{i6
ljZjsf ljleGg d'ns ' cfgf] fi6afx]ssf cGo fi6 :jb]zafx]s cGo ljleGg fi6sf] ;d'bfo
hut\ . jfb gf) != s'g} Ps b]zsf] kllwleq s]lGb|t x'g'nfO{ ;\s'lrt 7fgL ;Dk"0f{ ljZ
jsf ljleGg fi6nfO{ Ps} PsfOsf kdf lnP ljZj

cGtjf{tf{cGw Jofkf leqL Jofkf . cGtjf{tf{ gf) [;+)] != s'g} kbdf of]Uo JolQm 5fGgsf l
glDt ;DalGwt clwsfL tyf ljz]if1xff pd]bjf xnfO{ k|Zg ;f]w] ltgaf6 pQ k|fKt ulg] s
:tf] s'fsfgL . @= ljlzi6 JolQm kqsfxsf aLrdf x'g] ;jfnhjfkm . #= JolQmJolQmsf aLr cf
k;df ePsf] u'Kt s'fsfgL . cGtjf{ik lj) [;+)] leqleq} cfF;' bafO{ jf f]sL fv]sf] t uxd
f cfF;' b]lvg] uL rflxF gf]Psf] c>'do . cGtlj{f]w gf) [;+)] != leqL jf cfGtls ljf]w
ljf]w aflxL leqL kdf ;fd~h:osf] cefj b]vfj6 jf:tljstfdf leGgtf afXo :tdf 7flgP,
jf b]lvPeGbf ljkLtsf] cfGtls wd{ jf :jefj . @= s'g} j:t', JolQm s'fdf cfkm}l+ eq c
fTdljf]w x'gfsf] jf cfk"mnfO{ v08g ug]{ tj x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . (pbf) pgsf] af]nf
O sfdufOdf 7"nf] cGtlj{f]w b]lvof] . cg]sf}F ljf]wfef; cGtlj{f]w ePsfn] tkfO{Fsf] l
4fGt :jLsfo{ x'g ;Qm}g .) > cGtlj{f]wL lj) cfGtls ljf]w ePsf] cfGtls ;fd~h:o gePsf]
lj{f]w;Fu ;DaGw fVg] . cGtj]b { gf) [;+)] b'O{ gbLsf aLrsf] e"efu cGtj]b { L a|Xdfjt
{ cGtj]{bL . cGtj]b { gf gf) [;+)] cfGtls j]bgf dfgl;s b'Mv jf si6 dgsf] ax dgsf] kL
cGtj]b { L gf)x]) cGtj]{b . cGtJof{kf gf) [;+)] != leqL sfd ck|s6 kaf6 ulg] sfd . @=
Gtjf{l0fHo . cGtZrIf' gf) [;+)] leqL cfFvf 1fgb[li6 1fgrIf' . cGtZr]tgf gf) [;+)] k"
0f{ r]tgf geO{ c4{rt ] gf xg] l:ylt cjr]tgf . cGt:s0f gf) [;+)] != dg x[bo leqL x[bo
Q . @= cfTdf cGtfTdf . #= ;'vb'Mv, c;nvfa, ;Toc;To cflb lrGg] dgsf] cfGtls zlQm ljj]s
. cGt:tn gf) [;+)] zLsf] cfGtls ynf] lrQ dg x[bo . cGt:y lj) [;+)] != leq x]sf]
cflvdf x]sf] jf x'g] clGtd . gf) #= o\, \, n\, j\ oL rfj6f j0f{ . cGtM:k'm0f gf)
1fg, ljrf cflb dgleq :k'm0f x'g] lqmof dgdf x'g] s'g} s'fsf] k'mfO . cGtfIfL gf) [;
cn] eg]sf uLt jf sljtfsf] clGtd cIfaf6 ;'? uL csf]{ uLt jf sljtf elgg] lqmof, v]n
jf k|ltof]lutf . cGtf/fli6o lj)x]) cGt/f{li6o . clGtd lj) [;+)] ;a}eGbf kl5sf] kl5Nnf
] cflvdf ulg] (sfd, s'f], k|of; O)) . > clGtd]Tyd\ gf) s'g} ;\u7g,
50

snsfvfgf cflbdf sfdbf, sd{rfLxn] s'g} sfd jf dfu k"f ug]{ clGtd Dofb lbO{ To; Dofbleq
sfd gePsf v08df csf]{ kfOnf rfNg] wDsL lbg] sfd clGtd r]tfjgL clN6d]6d . cGtL gf)
[g]jf)] emfLsf 9asf] S;L xfNg] wft'sf] efF8f] dw'snz . cGTo lj) [;+)] != kl5Nnf] k'5f
f] cflvsf] clGtd . gf) @= cflvL cj:yf dg]{ a]nf clGtd 38L . #= lsgff 5]p . $= ;dflK
g . %= d[To' d0f . ~ sd{ gf) d]kl5 ulg] ;+:sf clGtd ;+:sf cGTo]li6 . h lj) != c
sf] tNnf] hft dflgPsf]af6 k}bf ePsf] . @= tNnf] hflt z"b| . ~ o'u gf) cflvL o'u slno'
u . ~ j0f{ gf) != tNnf] >]0fL jf hftsf] dflg; lgDg j0f{ z"b| . @= clGtd j0f{ jf cIf
. #= sljtfsf r0f jf kbsf] cflvL cIf . ~ j0f{ nf]k gf) s'g} zAbdf clGtd j0f{sf] nf]k
x'g] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof (h:t} fd , Zofd cflbsf] pRrf0fdf zAbfGtsf] c Wjlgsf] nf]k)
. ~ :j nf]k gf) kbsf cGTodf x]sf :jsf] nf]k x'g] lqmof (h:t}hflt > hft) . ~ :jfud gf
Ab jf kbsf cGTodf :j ylkg] lqmof . (h:t} >Ldfg\ > >Ldfg, sLlt{dfg\ > sLlt{dfg O))
. > cGTofIfL gf) x]) cGtfIfL . cGTofg'kf | ; gf) kb jf jfSosf cGTodf x]sf] :j of Jo
hgdf ;fb[ Z o x' F b f kg] { zAbfn\ s f cg' k | f ; zAbfn\sfsf] Ps e]b . cGTo]li6 gf)
[;+)] d]kl5 ulg] clGtd sfhlqmof clGtd ;+:sf (bfx;+:sf, bzlqmof cflb) . cGq gf) [;+)]
fGb|f] cfFt . Hj gf) cfGb|fdf ljz]if lsl;dsf sL6f0f'xsf] k|j]z x'Fbf cfpg] hf] . j
gf) cfGb|f . zf]y gf) cfGb|fdf x'g] ;'h . cGbfh gf) [kmf)] != cg'dfg c8sn nv . @= gf
k hf]v . > cGbfhL lj) cGbfh u]sf] nv sf6]sf] cg'dflgt . cGw lj) [;+)] != b'j} cfFvf
b]Vg] cGwf] . @= ljj]s gePsf] lglj{j]sL . #= dgkL ug]{ hyfefaL uL lxF8\g] . Gff= $= c
FWoff] . sf gf) != k|sfzsf] cefj cFWoff] . @= df]x c1fg ljj]sxLgtf . s"k gf) !=
Woff] s'jf ulxf] cFWoff] Ogf . @= c1fg d"v{tf . #= k'f0fcg';f Ps gssf] gfd . t
gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cGwf]kgf b'j} cfFvfn] b]Vg g;Sg] l:ylt . ~ kDkf gf) klxn]b]lv rlnc
fPsf] eg] s'g} lsl;dsf] ;f]rljrf} guL cFuflnPsf] Lltljfh l9 . d'li6 gf) lg:k cF
f uf9f cGwsf . ~ fi6jfb gf) csf]{ fi6eGbf cfg} fi6 pRr 7fGg] cGo fi6sf] lxtn
i6sf] pGglt rfxg] fhgLlts

51

cGwfw'GwcGof]Go cGelg] kfg'{ cGelg nufpg' . ;) lqm) @= dg gkLsg ssfkn] lbg' clgR5fk"
lbg' . #= d'l:sn;Fu ;fx" ltg'{ aNntNn lg ltg'{ . cGefO gf) [ cGe ( cfO)] != cGeg] ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof cGdfO . [cGefpcfO] @= cGefpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cG
efOg' s) lqm) cGefpg] sfd ulg' cGdfOg' . cGefpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != ljjfx l;l4Pkl5
b'nfxfb'nxLnfO{ d
\unk"j{s labfO ug'{ b'nfxfb'nxLnfO{ sGofu[xaf6 ju[xtkm{ k|:yfg ufpg
' cGdfpg' . @= b'nfxfnfO{ b'nxLsf 3tkm{ k|:yfg ufpg' . clGeg' c) lqm) cGeg] sfd xf]O
g' clGdg' . @= cGeg' . cGdg' c)lqm)x]) cGeg' . cGdl/g' c)lqm)x]) cGel/g' . cGdfO gf)x
) cGefO . > cGdfOg' s)lqm) cGefOg' . cGdfpg' ;)lqm)k|) ] lqm) cGefpg' . clGdg' s)lqm
) clGeg' . cGo lj) [;+)] != c csf]{ . @= s'g} . #= kfO{ krqmL . ~ hftLo lj) cs}{ hfl
] lglb{i6 hfltafx]ssf] . > cGotd lj) != w]}dWo] Ps . @= ;a}eGbf cfTdLo jf 3lgi7 . t
j) b'Od { Wo] Ps . cGoq cJo) sxLF st} cGt . cGoqL lj) krqmL kfO{ lafgf] . cGoyf l
f] lj?4 ljkLt . @= c;To e"m6f] ldYof . #= c s]xL lrtfP jf elgPsf] eGbf a]Un} . gf) $=
x]nf ckdfg lt:sf . lqm)lj) %= To;f] geP xf]Og eg] gq . ~ k'?if gf) cfgf] cufl8 gePs
o JolQm jf t];|f] JolQmnfO{ a'emfpg] ;j{gfd t[tLo k'?if . dg:s lj) != Wofg jf dg n
fUg'kg]{ s'fdf gnfuL cGt} uPsf] dg p8]sf] dg 7]ufgdf gePsf] . @= lrQj[lQ cGt}lt nfu]
sf] . ~ ;fk6L gf) d'Vo kdf lnPsf] eGbf cltlQm ;fk6L . cGofo gf) [;+)] != Gofosf] cef
j jf Gofo gePsf] l:ylt a]OG;fkm gLlts]f ljf]w . @= cg'lrt sfd cof]Uo Jojxf . #= cTofr
f dgkL hyfefaL . jfnf lj) != cGofo ug]{ cGofoL sfg'gljf]wL . @= hfnL cTofrfL k
ul8ofn] cfgf] kIflj?4sf] jfbL jf k|ltjfbLnfO{ lt:sfk"j{s eGg] zAb . > cGofoL lj) cGo
fo ug]{ cTofrf ug]{ OG;fkm gug]{ . cGof]lQm gf) [;+)] != Pp6fnfO{ eGbf csf{df 36\g]
jf ldNg] u/L elgPsf] egfO . @= o:tf] kbf{ x'g] Ps k|l;4 cyf{n\sf . cGof]Go lqm) lj)
[;+)] != k:k cf;kf;df . gf) @= b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L j:t'n] k:kdf Pp6} lqmof ubf{ x
'g] Ps k|l;4 cyf{n\sf . > cGof]Gof>o gf) != k:kdf Psdf csf]{ cfl>t x'g] lqmof . @= Go
fodf Ps j:t'sf 1fgaf6 csf{ j:t'sf] 1fg x'g] lqmof ;fk]If 1fg . cGof]Gofl>t

efjgf tyf ljrf . ~ ljZjf; gf) klxn]bl] v g} rlncfPsf] Lltljfh Pjd\ rfnrng eg] s'g} ls
;dsf] ljj]s ljrf gfvL To;k|lt ulg] ljZjf; cGwf] ;'df ulg] ljZjf; . ~ zlQm gf) JolQm
lQm ;fdYo{eGbf k k|s[ltdf lglxt zlQm . cGwfw'Gw lqm) lj) [lx)] != j]un] hf]8l;t cGgf
w'Gg . @= rf}k} Hofb} ;fx|} crfSnL cGgfw'Gg . #= Hofb} sfnf] jf cGwd'li6 eP . lj) $=
ToGt Hofbf . clGwg' c) lqm) [cGwf] O g'] cGwf] x'g' cGwf] eOg' . cGw] gf) != cGofo c
d ' hf]h'nd ' . @= pkb|f] pkb|j u8a8L . #= cFw] . cGwf] lj) [;+) cGw cf] ] != cfFvf
Vg] b'j} cfFvf aGb ePsf] g]qxLg cGw . @= ljj]sa'l4 gePsf] c1fgL d"v{ . #= dgkL ug]{
efaL u] lxF8g \ ] . $= dflQPsf] pGdQ . %= xf]; gePsf]] a]xf];L . gf) ^=k]nfsf l8ndf c
fpg] Ps lsl;dsf] vl6f] . cGg gf) [;+)] cgfh wfg, ds}, ux'F, sf]bf] cflb vfB j:t'sf
u]8f . s"6 gf) sflt{s z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf lbgdf b]pb]ptfsf cufl8 cGg, ld7fO{ cflbsf]
y'k|f] fvL jf ef]u nufO{ ulg] Ps k|sfsf] wfld{s sd{ . hn gf) vfg] lkpg] j:t' cGgkf
. bftf gf) != vfg lbg] jf kfngkf]if0f ug]{ JolQm k|ltkfns . @= ls;fg . kft gf) vfg]
cGg tyf ;fukft . kfgL gf) vfg] lkpg] j:t' bfgfkfgL . k"0ff{ gf) != cGg jf cgfhsL
lwi7fqL b]jL . @= g]kfnsf] u08sL c~rndf x]sf] cGgk"0ff{ k|yd *, )(! ld6, cGgk"0ff{
ltLo &, (#& ld6, cGgk"0ff{ t[tLo &, %%& ld6 cGgk"0ff{ rt'y{ &, %@& ld6 cUnf] lxdlzv
. ~ k|fzg gf) afns 5 dlxgf k'u]kl5 eft v'jfpg] ;+:sf kf:gL . afnL gf) cGg pAhfpgsf n
flu nufOPsf] afnL vfBfGg afnL cGgsf] v]tL . do lj) != cGg ePsf] jf cGgaf6 ag]sf] .
@= cGgsf cfwfdf x]sf] (cGgdo zL, cGgdo sf]if O)) . ~ ;q gf) bLgb'MvLnfO{ kfs]sf] cGg
afF8\g] 7fpF ;bfjt{ afF8\g] jf v'jfpg] 7fpF . cGgfw'Gg lqm) lj) x]) cGwfw'Gw . cGg
f] lj)gf)x]) cGwf] . cGeg' c) lqm) a]x'nf a]x'nLsf 3tkm{ jf a]x'nL a]x'nfsf 3tkm{ k|:
yfg x'g' To;L k|:yfg x'Fbf df]6, plnGsf7, 8f]nL cflbdf a;] d\unk"j{s labf x'g' cGdg'
cGelg' c) lqm) [ cGefp] dg gk]sf] dflg; s;}sf 3df cfpg' jf hfg' 3:sg' tGsg' . > cGe
f) cGelg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cGeofOg' s) lqm) cGelg] kflg', cGelg nfOg' . cGeof
k|) ] lqm) !=

cGof]nckIf lj) != k:kdf Psdf csf]{ cfl>t x]sf] . @= Ps j:t'sf 1fgaf6 csf]{ j:t'sf] 1
fg x'g] . #= :jefj}n] cleGg . cGof]n lqm)lj) [;+) cGw of]n ] != cndNn csdSs . gf) @=
ls+st{Joljd"9tf . #= kL dfgl;s tfk . $= a];l' 4 a'l4lje|d ;De|d . > cGof]lng' c) lqm
) cGof]ndf kg'{ o;f] u?F ls p;f] u?F x'g' . cGof]nLcGof]n ] lj) cGof]ndf kfg]{ cTofr
fL . cGof]NofO gf) cGof]lng] jf cGof]Nofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cGof]Nofpg' ;)
lqm) cGof]ndf kfg'{ . cGof]NofO gf) cGof]lng] jf cGof]Nofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . cGjo gf) [;+)] != s'g} b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L s'fsf] kf:kls ;DaGw . @= kBsf ;\ult
gldn]sf kbxnfO{ ;\ulto'Qm ufpg] lqmof . #= s'g} jfSodf x]sf kbxsf] ;\ult ldnfP cy{
pg] lqmof . $= Pp6f s'f l;4 ug{ cs}{ s'fsf] l;l4 jf qmlds ;DaGw b]vfpg] sfd . %= P
sn] csf{sf] kl5 nfUg] lqmof . ~ ljlw gf) != cfn\sfls kbqmddf JoQm ePsf kBf+z jf uBf
+znfO{ ;fdfGo kbqmddf 9fnL efiff l;sfpg] k|lqmof . cGjy{ lj) [;+)] zAbsf cy{cg';
fsf] gfdcg';f sfd ePsf] . cGji6sf gf) [;+)] kf}if, df3, kmfNu'g cflZjg dlxgfsf s[i0f
kIfsf gjdLsf lbg ulg] dft[s >f4 . cGjfDe gf) [;+)] :qLn] dfOtaf6 3 hfFbf nlug] wg :qL
wg bfOhf] k]jfkft . cGjff]x0f gf) [;+)] :qLn] kltsf ;fy lrtfdf r9\g] sfd ;tL hfg] sfd
. cGjfxfo{ gf) [;+)] d]sf dflg;sf gfpFdf k|ltdf; ulg] >f4 dfl;s >f4 . clGjt lj) [;+)
] != cGjo ldn]sf] . @= qmda4 kdf ldn]sf] ;\ut . > clGjtfy{ gf) != cGjo u] lgsfn]sf] c
{ . @= n's]sf] cy{ . #= u"9fy{ jf u"9fzo . clGjlt gf) qmda4 kdf ldn] xgfsf] efj qmda4
tf ;\ult . cGjLIf0f gf) [;+)] != fd|L vf]hLlgwL ug]{ lqmof cg';Gwfg vf]h zf]w . @=
ljifodf n]lvPsf] ;fdlos k|sflzt n]v . cGj]ifs gf) [;+)] != lat]sf jf n's ] l5k]sf
s'fsf] fd|f; ] u F vf]hLlgtL ug]{ JolQm cg';Gwftf zf]wstf{ zf]wfyL{ . lj) @= cGj]0f
ug]{ . cGj]if0f gf) [;+)] n's ] l5k]sf s'fxsf] fd|f; ] u F vf]hLlgtL ug]{ sfd cg';Gwf
zf]w . cGj]ifL lj) [;+)] cGj]if0f ug]{ . cG;f gf) [ cg';f ] != ;fg O;ff . @= nv c8s
f . > cG;fL lj) cg'dfg ug]{ c8sn sf6\g]
52

cGbfh ug]{ nv sf6\g] . ck pk) [;+)] zAbsf clulNt ufFl;P cg'lrt jf lgGbgLo, lxt jf xLg
, ljkLt jf lj?4 xLgtf jf sdL, b"if0f jf cfsl:dstf cflb cy{ a'emfpg] zAb (ckJoo, ck
dfg, cke|z + , ckd[To') . stf{ lj) != cksf ug]{ jf xflg k'ofpg] gf]S;fg ug]{ cksfs
= b'isd{ ug]{ vfa cfr0f ePsf] . sd{ gf) != vfa jf cg'lrt sfd lgGbgLo sfd ug{ gx'g]
'isd{ . @= kfk cwd{ . cksif{ gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ kl5lNt ws]Ng] sfd . @= 36fp
g] of 36\g] k|lqmof x|f; . #= kb, k|lti7f, dfg cflbdf x'g] sdL jf Go"gtf dfgxflg ck
dfg . #= pGglt 36\g,] gx'g] jf gePsf] l:ylt cjglt . > cksif{s lj) != cksif{ ug]{
. @= cksif{ ePsf] . cksif{0f gf) != cksif{ ug]{ jf x'g] sfd . @= k5fl8 ws]Ng] k|l
qmof . #= 36fpg] jf sdL ug]{ rfn . $= dfgxflg . %= df]n 36\g] sfd . ^=tn v:g] jf
cf]n{g] k|lqmof . cksf gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] s'enf] x'g] jf lrtfpg] sfd xflg gf]S;fg
L gf]S;fg . @= cg'lrt cfr0f jf Jojxf . > cksfs lj) cksf ug]{ clxt lrtfpg] jf xflg k'
] . cksfltf gf) != cksfL x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= cksf . cksfL lj) cksfs . cksLlt{
[;+)] klxn]sf] sLlt{ jf oznfO{ xflg k'ofpg] vfnsf] cg'lrt sfo{af6 x'g] abgfdL ckoz
cah; b'gf{d b'isLlt{ . cks[t lj) [;+)] cksf ulPsf] s'enf] ulPsf] . > cks[lt gf) x]
f . cks[i6 lj) [;+)] != cksif{ ulPsf] 36fOPsf] sd ulPsf] . @= x6fOPsf] kG5fOPsf] . #
flgPsf] tn cf]flnPsf] jf v;flnPsf] . $= dxj jf dfg 36]sf] . %= cwd gLr b'i6 . ^= vfa
gf) &= 3[l0ft JolQm xLg JolQm . *= sfu sf}jf . ckqmd gf) [;+)] != e
\u ePsf] jf lau|
]sf] qmd l;nl;nf 6'6\g] k|lqmof . @= plrt, pko'Qm jf 7Ls qmdsf] cefj . > ckqmd0f
gf) != ckqmd ug]{ sfd jf efj . @= c;Gtf]if, f]if jf ljf]w k|s6 ub}{ ;ef, ;ldlt cfl
bnfO{ alxisf ug]{ sfd ;'OFs'Rrf . ckqmf]z gf) [;+)] != Hofb} rsf]{ :jn] sfpg] sfd . @
= b'jf{Ro jf s6' jrg af]Ng] sfd . #= ufnL . $= lgGbf . ckSj lj) [;+)] != gkfs]sf]
cklkSj sfFrf](kmn, vfBfGg O)) . @= k"0f{ ljsf; gePsf] (a'l4) #= cs'zn . tf gf) kSj
gx'gfsf] l:ylt jf efj sfFrf]kg . ckIf lj) [;+)] != s'g} kIf jf bndf gnfu]sf] lgikIf
. @= ;dfhdf c s;};Fu ldnh'n u] a:g g;Sg] . #= kIf jf kv]6f gePsf] . $= cf8ef]; jf c
fwf gePsf] lg:;xfo . kft lj) != kIfkft gePsf] lgikIf

53

ckIfockdfh{g :jf:Yogfzs (vfg]s'f]) . gf) @= :jf:YonfO{ lxt gug]{ j:t' xflgsfs rLhaLh
. ckb:y lj) [;+)] != cfgf] kb, :yfg jf ;]jfaf6 x6fOPsf] kbRo't . @= kb jf ;]jfdf gx
]sf] kbaf6 x6]sf] . ckb|Jo gf) [;+)] != vfa jf lgs[i6 j:t' sfd gnfUg] rLhaLr . @= s'
lT;t wg 3[l0ft ;DklQ . ckgTj gf) [lx) ckgf ;+) Tj ] :jflwsf lghTj :jTj . ckgog gf) [
] != s'g} j:t' jf JolQmnfO{ x6fpg] jf lgsfNg] sfd . @= 5'6sff ljof]u . #= s'g} :qL
jf afnsnfO{ p;sf klt jf afa'sf] 3af6 n'sfO{axsfO{ cGoq sxLF eufpg] sfd ckx0f . ckgf
d gf) [;+)] x]) b'gf{d . cklglxlt gf) [;+)] s'g} Jo~hgsf] kl5 x]sf] :jj0f{ cg'jtL{ x]
klg cufl8 cfOk'Ug] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof (xFl;of xFO:of, yflsof] yfOSof] O)). ckG
of; gf) [;+)] != uLtsf v08v08 cnu u] b]vfOg] :j . @= vfa 7fpFdf fVg] sfd . ckefiff
;+)] != efiffsf] cklis[t tyf clzi6 k . @= cZnLn jf nfhefF8sf] af]nL . ckef]u gf) [;
+)] != csf{sf] ;DklQ cg'lrt lsl;dn] ef]u ug]{ sfd . @= ;DklQsf] b'?kof]u jf b'Jo
{jxf . > ckef]uL lj) != ckef]u ug]{ csf{sf] ;DklQ cg'lrt kdf k'mSg] . @= ;DklQsf] b'
?kof]u ug]{ . cke|z + gf) [;+)] != tnlt v:g] jf emg]{ sfd ktg . @= lau|s ] f] l:yl
t ljs[lt . #= d"n pRrf0f 7Ls z'4 lsl;dn] ug{ g;sL lau|]sf] zAbk . $= k|frLg dWob]zL
o k|fs[t efiffeGbf kl5sf] cfw'lgs cfo{efiff hGdg'eGbf klxn]sf] tyf ;f]xL cfw'lgs
cfo{efiffsf] ljsf; ufpg] efiff . ~ efiff gf) cfw'lgs eftjifL{o cfo{efiffsf] ljsf;e
Gbf cl3Nnf] r/0fsf] efiff . cke|i6 lj) [;+)] != v;]sf] jf lu]sf] kltt Ro't .@= lau|]
sf] ljs[t . #= ;+:s[t tT;d zAbaf6 cfP ljs[t kdf k|rlnt tb\ej (zAb) . ckdfg gf) [;+)]
!= cledfgk"js { elgPsf] s;}sf] OHht jf dfgdof{bfnfO{ rf]6 k'ofpg] s'f] . @= s;}sf]
k|lti7f jf OHhtnfO{ sd ufpg] sfdsfh a]OHhtL . #= lt:sf . $= ckx]ngf b'Tsf . sfL
fg ug]{ . hgs lj) ckdfg k'ofpg] (jrg jf sfo{) . > ckdflgt lj) ckdfg ulPsf] lt:s[t .
dfgL lj) csf] ckdfg ug]{ . ckdfh{g gf) [;+)] != z'l4, ;kmfO jf ;+zf]wg ug]{ sfd jf
efj kmf]xd}nf, s;d; cflb ;fkm ug]{ sfd ckfdfh{g . @= s'g} j:t'df a;]sf] bfu, sn\s cf
d]6fpg] lqmof . #=

kIfkftlxt . gf) @= kIfkft gug]{ jf gu]sf] l:ylt lgikIftf . ckIfo gf) [;+)] x|f; Ro'lt
gfz . ckIf0f gf) [;+)] jiff{sf ef}lts sf0fxaf6 x'g] e"Ifosf] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ckv0
8 gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'sf] lau|]sf] efu cw'f] jf ck"0f{ lx:;f . @= s'g} ;8]un]sf]
c+z . #= ljgi6 jf n'Kt j:t'sf] lau|]sf] v08 . ckut lj) [;+)] != 7Ls 7fpFaf6 otfpt
f ePsf] 7fpFaf6 x6]sf] jf klG5Psf] . @= d]sf] d[t .#= gfz ePsf] gi6 . $= 6f9f x6]sf]
. > ckult gf) != lgs[i6 jf vfa ult b'u{lt vfa cj:yf . @= gfd|f] af6f] nfUg] sfd . #=
x6\g] jf 7fpF 5f8\g] sfd . $= gfz ljgfz . ck3ft gf) [;+)] != cg'lrt jf gfd|f] cf3ft
dfg]{ jf xTof ug]{ sfd lx+;f jw . @= ljZjf;3ft . > ck3ftL lj) != ck3ft ug]{ xToff] x
of jf lx+;f ug]{ . @= ljZjf;3ft ug]{ ljZjf;3ftL . ckr lj) [;+)] !=kfrg gx'g] gkRg]
. gf) @= cGg cflb j:t' gkRg] sfd jf cj:yf . #= ef]hg gkRg] f]u . ckrfns lj) [;+)]
!= anhtL;Fu s'g} s'fnfO{ n}hfg] jf lxF8fpg] . @= gfd|f; ] u F ;~rfng ug]{ .#= lj1fg
jf k|ljlwsf cg';f k|;f jf lj:tfdf k|lts"n c; kfg]{ km}ng glbg] . ckrfng gf) [;+)] !=
cfk"mn] fv]sf] dfu k"f gxf]pGh]n ofgsf rfnsnfO{ ank"js { jf 8qf; b]vfO{ cfk"mn] eg]s
f 7fpFdf cf]fNg afWo ufpg] sfd ckx0f . @= gfd|f];Fu rnfpg] sfo{ . #= k|;f jf lj:tfnf
cj?4 kfg]{ sfd . ckrflnt lj) [;+)] ckrfng ulPsf] gfd|fl] ;t rnfOPsf] . ckh; gf) [;+)
ckoz ] != abgfd cksLlt{ . @= ljgfs;" cfOnfu]sf] cff]k bf]ifff]k0f j[yf cff]k . > ckh
kh:ofxf lj) ckh; kfpg] cah;] . ckhft lj) [;+)] cfgf] pTkfbs jf d"n ju{sf] k"} u'0f g
fPsf] ck]Iffs[t sd u'0f ePsf] . ck6' lj) [;+)] k6' jf s'zn gePsf] . ckl7t lj) [;+)]
!= gk9]sf] k9\g] sfd gu]sf] ck9 cgk9 (JolQm) . @= gkl9Psf] (kf7 jf n]v) . ck9 lj) [c
9] != n]vk9 gu]sf] cgk9 gk9]sf] . @= clzlIft d"v{ . > ck9Gtf lj) ck9 . ckTo gf) [;+)]
;Gtfg 5f]f5f]L ;Gtlt . ckTof gf) [c kTof] s'g} ljifo jf k|;\uk|lt kTof gx'g] cj:yf
jf; . > ckToflnf] lj) kTof gePsf] . ckToff] gf) ckTof . cky gf) [;+)] != lxF88'n ug
f]Uo gePsf] af6f] ljs6 dfu{ . @= cg'lrt jf vfa dfu{ s'af6f] . ckYo lj) [;+)] != kYo
gePsf] :jf:YonfO{ vfa ug]{

ckld>0fckl/is[t d]6\g] jf 2 ug]{ sfd . ckld>0f gf) [;+)] c;n jf pDbf j:t'df vfa j:t'
ld;fpg] sfd vfB j:t' cflbdf b"lift kbfy{ ldnfpg] sfd ld;fj6 . ckd[To' gf) [;+)] c;
fdlos of cfsl:ds d[To' csfnd[To' . ckoz gf) [;+)] ckh; cksLlt{ caufn . ckof]u gf) [;+
)] != cg'lrt jf vfa ;do s';fOt vfa d'xt " { . @= lgoldt dfqfeGbf a9L jf sd cf}ifwLsf
] ld>0f . ckof]hg gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] wg;DklQ cg'lrt kn] cfgf sfddf vr{ ug]{ k|lqm
of . @= s'g} j:t'nfO{ vfa 9\un] pkof]udf Nofpg] sfd . ck lj) [;+)] != csf]{ c bf];|f
@= ck|ltGL a]hf]8 . tGq lj) ktGq gePsf] :jfwLg :jtGq . kIf gf) dxfno >f4 (;f]x
] kIf cflZjg s[i0fkIf lkt[kIf . ~ k'fkfiff0f gf) k'fkfiff0fo'usf tLg ljefhgdWo] clGtd
tyf cf]g]s, ;f]nq ' ,] dbn]g clhn dfgjn] k|of]u u]sf kfiff0fpks0fsf] ;do To:tf dfgj
] k|of]u u]sf kfiff0fpks0fsf] ;fd"lxs gfd . k|fltg"tgfZd gf) k|fltg"tgfZdsf tLg ljef
hgdWo] clGtd ljefhg cfheGbf nueu Ps nfv krf; xhf jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] ;do . ckDkf lj
[;+)] kf kfOg;lsg] kf kfpg g;lsg] ckf c;Ld a]xb . ck; gf) [;+)] != 5fnfdf sTnfsT
k|sfsf] f]u . @= lalu|Psf] ; b"lift ; . lj) #= c:k[Zo . $= cgf;St . ckf gf) [;+)] !
WofTd jf a|XdljBfb]lv leGg ljBf . @= nf}lss ljBf kbfy{ljBf ef}lts ljBf . #= klZrd
lbzf . $= xfQLsf] kl5Nnf] efu . %= uef{zo . ^= h]7 dlxgfsf] s[i0fkIfsf] PsfbzL .
ckfu gf) [;+)] != k|d ] jf fusf] ljf]wL efj . @= j}efj ]if zq'tf . #= c?lr df]xxL
= c;Gtf]if ct[lKt . ckflhtf gf) [;+)] != s]fpsf] h:tf sf];f x'g] ;]tf] jf gLnf] k"mn
k'mNg] Ps vfnsf] nxf] . (;]tf] k"mn k'mNg]nfO{ lulsl0f{sf gLnf] k"mn k'mNg]nfO{ l
ji0f'qmfGtf elgG5 .) . @= b'uf{ . #= Ps of]lugL . $= k|To]s kfpdf b'O{ gu0f, Ps u
0f, Ps ;u0f, Ps n3' Ps u'? x'g] jfl0f{s 5Gb . ckfw gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] ckdfg jf xf
lggf]S;fgL x'g] sfd . @= sfg'glj?4sf] sfd wfld{s b[li6af6 ug{ gx'g] cfr0f . #= kfk
nfUg] sfd . $= s;' bf]if . %= e"nr"s . ~ lj1fg gf) ckfw ugf{sf] sf0f vf]hL ug]{ ;f]
kfw ug]{ k|j[lQ x6fpg] s'fsf] zf:q . ~ :jLs0f gf) clwsfLju{sf cufl8 cfgf] ckfw jf kf
jo+ :jLsf ug]{ sfd . ~ ;+lxtf gf) != ckfw;DaGwL lgod
54

ljlgodxsf] ;Fufnf] . @= To;;Fu ;DalGwt u|Gy . ckfwL lj) [;+)] ckfw ug]{ kfksd{ ug]{ .
~ ;'Dk'jf gf) != lhNnf Onfsfltsf rf}sLxn] klqmPsf bf]ifL, ckfwLnfO{ cfgf tfn's cfdf
'lDkg] jf a'emfpg] sfd . @= kqmfp k]sf ljb]zL ckfwLxnfO{ ltgs} b]zsf] ;sf5]p ;'Dkg] s
fd . ckflGtsf gf) [;+)] Ps gu0f, b'O{ u0f Ps n3' tyf Ps u'? ePsf] jfl0f{s 5Gb . (o;
}nfO{ nlnt tyf sgsd~hL klg elgG5 .) ckfX0f gf) [;+)] != bf]kx jf dWofXgkl5 cfDe x'g]
lbgsf] efu lbgsf kfFr efudWo]sf] rf}yf] efu ck/fXg . @= ;fdfGotM lbgsf] t];|f] k|x
. ckfXg gf)x]) ck/fX0f . cklu|x gf) [;+)] != bfg glng] lqmof bfgsf] klTofu . @= hLjg
f{xsf nflu cTofjZos j:t'afx]ssf cGo j:t' u|x0f gug]{ sfd . #= df]x, fu, ]if, lx+;f
cflbsf] Tofu . $= of]uzf:qsf cg';f kfFrf}F od ;\uTofu . %= a|Xdro{ . ckllrt lj) [;+)
] !=kllrt jf lrghfg gePsf] hfgklxrfg gePsf] yfxf gePsf] . @= kfO{ krqmL . ckl0fo g
+)] kl0fo jf ljjfx gePsf] cj:yf sf}dfo{ s'dfcj:yf . ckl0ffdL lj) [;+)] != kl0ffd gl
jf gx'g] . @= cj:yf jf kdf x]km] gx'g] cljsfL . ckl0fLtf lj) [;+)] ljjfx gePsL clj
f s'dfL sGof . cklkSj lj) [;+)] != klkSj gePsf] sfFrf] . @= fd|f];Fu gkfs]sf] cwsN
= ckSj . tf gf) != cklkSj x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= vf; s'f l;Sg] jf u|x0f ug]{ tTkt
f afnsdf :jfefljs kdf b]lvOg;s]sf] zfLls jf dfgl;s cj:yf . cklldt lj) [;+)] != s'g} ;
Ldf gePsf] ;Ldflxt c;Ld a]xb . @= c;\Vo cul0ft cguGtL . ckld]o lj) [;+)] != kldf0
fpg jf gfktf}n ug{ g;lsg] c8sn sf6\g g;lsg] @= c;\Vo w]} cguGtL . ckljt{gLo lj) [;+)
= kljt{g jf km]abn ug{ g;lsg] abNg g;lsg] . @= s'g} s'fsf] ;f jf abnfdf lbg g;lsg] .
#= ;w}F Psgf; xg] lgTo . ckljlt{t lj) [;+)] kljt{g jf km]abn gePsf] gablnPsf] p:t}
To{ lj) [;+)] kljt{g jf x]km] ug{ nfos gePsf] kljt{g gx'g] jf ug{ g;lsg] . cklis[t
;+)] != klisf jf ;+:sf gePsf] c;+:s[t ckldflh{t . @= 7Ls jf plrt gkflPsf] g;'wflPs

55
ckl/xfo{ck;f/
> ckjfbsckjfbL

#= kmf]xf]d}nf ePsf] uGbf . cklxfo{ lj) [;+)] != klxf jf Tofu ug{ g;lsg] 5f8\g gx'g
Ho . @= sfdsf lglDt cTofjZos clgjfo{ . tf gf) != 5f8\g jf TofUg g;lsg] u'0f jf cj:
yf . @= s'g} sfds'fsf lglDt geO{ gx'g] l:ylt . ckLlIft lj) [;+)] != kLIff gulPsf] jf
glnOPsf] hfFrk8tfn gePsf] . @= k, u'0f, j0f{ cflbsf] cg';Gwfg gulPsf] . #=ck|dfl0ft
. ck?if lj) [;+)] != k?if jf s7f] gePsf] sf]dn . @= s7f] x[bo gePsf] gl;fpg] . ckk
[;+)] != gfd|f] k ePsf] s'k . @= e2f . ck]6 gf) [c\)] != d]l;g, oGq cflb rnfpg] Jol
@= kmf]gdf s'fsfgL ugf{sf lglDt nfOg lbg] JolQm . ckf]u gf) [;+)] f]usf] c; 36\t} uPs
f] cj:yf :jf:Yonfe u]sf] l:ylt . ckem{6 lqm)lj) [;+) ck eml6lt] != crfgs cAem6 cs:dft
sfl; cgfof; . gf) @= PsfPs cfOk]sf] l:ylt . lj) #= cfsl:ds ck|Toflzt . ck0ff{ gf) [;
+)] != lzjk|flKtsf nflu tk:of ubf{ kft;Dd klg vfg 5f]8]sL kfj{tLsf] gfd kfj{tL .
@= b'uf{ . lj) #= kft gePsf] (nxf] O)) . ckof{Kt lj) [;+)] != kof{Kt gePsf] . @= ;
Ldflxt c;Ld . > ckof{lKt gf) != kof{Kt gePsf] cj:yf jf l:ylt . @= k"0f{tfsf] cefj s
dL q'l6 . #= cof]Uotf cIfdtf . cknfk gf) [;+)] != Joy{sf] k|nfk grflxFbf] asas . @=
s'g} k|;\u 6fg{sf nflu otfptfsf] s'f eGg] sfd s'f agfpg] sfd . #= ;To s'fnfO{ 9fs5f]k
ug]{ cfr0f . ckJofVof gf) [;+)] unt cy{ ufO a]7Ls JofVof . ckju{ gf)[;+)] != ;a} vfn
sf] si6af6 x'g] 5'6sff . @= ;a} b'Mvsf] gfz x'g] Gofoj}z]lifs bz{gn] dfg]sf] df]I
f d'lQm lgjf{0f . #= Tofu alnbfg . $= bfg . %= sfo{;dflKt cg';fsf] kmnk|flKt . ckjTo{
lj) [;+)] != abNg ;lsg] jf abNg x'g] . @= kmsf{pg of]Uo lkmtf{ lbg nfos . gf) #=
s'g} Ps ;\Vofn] csf]{ ;\VofnfO{ u'0fg ubf{ cfpg] ul0ftsf] flz . ckjfb gf) [;+)] != s
;}sf] ;Ddfgdf cf3ft k'Ug] nf]slgGbf abgfdL lt:sf . @= gePgu]sf s'fsf] bf]if jf cff]
f] bf]if . #= Jofks jf ;fdfGo lgodleq gk] To;sf] cltlQm cfpg] ljifoj:t' jf sfds'f] ;f
dfGo nIf0fdf gc6fpg] s' f] . $= e" m 6f] s' f] c;To jftf{ . %= j]bfGtzf:qsf cg';
f cWoff]ksf] lgfs0f . (h:tf] 8f]Ldf ;k{sf] 1fg cWoff]k xf] eg] 8f]Lsf] jf:tljs 1fga
{sf] 1fgsf] lgfs0f rflxF ckjfb xf] .) .
lj) csf{sf] ckjfb jf abgfdL ug]{

klgGbs . ckljq lj) [;+)] != kljq gePsf] rf]vf] gePsf] cz'4 la6'nf] . @= hflte|i6 hfl
kltt . tf gf) kljq gePsf] cj:yf cz'4tf . ckljBf gf) [;+)] != cWoog ug{ plrt gePsf]
vfa jf lglif4 ljBf . @= x]) cljBf . ckJoo gf) [;+)] != cgfjZos jf cg'lrt dfqfdf ulg
] Joo cg'lrt kdf ulPsf] vr{ kmh'n vr{ wgsf] b'?kof]u . @= vfa sfddf ulg] vr{ . > ckJ
lj) ckJoo ug]{ Joy{ vr{ ug]{ . ckzs'g gf) [;+)] cz'e jf vfa zs'g gfd|f] nIf0f ck;u
. ckzAb gf) [;+)] != s;}kl| t af]lnPsf] b'jf{Ro ufnL b'jr { g. @= cZnLntf elPsf] zAb
cz'4 zAb . #= lgy{s jf a]dtnasf] s'f Joy{sf] af]nL . $= c;Da4 k|nfk . %= ckfgjfo' .
ck>L lj) [;+)] != >L gi6 ePsf] zf]ef, ;f}Gbo{ cflbn] lxt . @= s'k gfd|f] e2f . gf)
>L jf zf]ef ljs[t ePsf] cj:yf . ck;u'g gf) [;+) ckzs'g] x]) ckzs'g . ck;\ux | ck;~r
o gf) [;+)] clgoldt kn] w]} d"Nodf a]Rg] p2]Zon] dfn;fdfg hDdf u] n'sfO{l5kfO{ fVg
k5fl8 a9L df]ndf laqmL ug]{ Ofbfn] ;;fdu|L a9L ;\Vofdf hDdf ug]{ sfd . ck;dfof]hg gf
) [;+)] vf; jftfj0f jf l:yltdf k|lts"lnt x'g] jf To; kdf x]lg] l:ylt s';dfof]hg . ck
;h{g gf) [;+)] != 5f8\g] sfd Tofu . @= df]If d'lQm . ck;k{ck;k{s gf) [;+)] != hf;';L
ljBf . @= To:tf] ljBf hfGg] hf;'; u'Ktr . #= csf{sf] s'f nufpg] 5'Nofxf JolQm . ck;
k{0f gf) [;+)] != k5fl8 x6\g] sfd v:sg] sfd . @= efUg] sfd knfog . #= u'Ktrsf] sfd hf
;';L . $= 5'NofOF . ck;Jo lj) [;+)] != ;Josf] pN6f] bflxg] bfofF . @= pN6f] ljkLt . g
f) #= lkt[sfo{ cflbdf bfofF sfFwdf hg} xg] l:ylt . ck;f gf) [;+)] != aflx hfg] jf lg
Sng] sfd . @= kfgLsf] l56f . > ck;fs lj) eufP n}hfg] . ck;f0f gf) != s'g} j:t' kG5fp
g] jf x6fpg] sfd . @= af6f] lbg] jf 7fpF 5f8\g] sfd . ck;flt lj) kG5fOPsf] x6fOPsf]
lgsflnPsf] k ;flPsf] . ck;fL lj) lj?4 hfg] jf x]sf] pN6f] rNg] ljkLt af6f] lxF8\g]

ckl;4fGtckfxL ckl;4fGt gf) [;+)] != l;4fGtsf] lj?4 ljrf cg'lrt l;4fGt . @= Gofodf s'
g} l;4fGt l:y u] klg To;sf] ljkLt ulg] jf elgg] sfds'f] . ck;[t lj) [;+)] != cfgf]
j, kb, sfo{ cflbaf6 x6]sf] lglSnPsf] klG5Psf] . @= kfkfr's] lnPsf] ;DaGwljR5]b u]sf]
. > ck;[tf lj) ;DaGw ljR5]b ulPsL kfkfr's] lbPsL jf lnPsL klToQmf (:qL) . ck;]6 gf)
] 5fKg] cIf jf ;fdu|Lsf] ljz]if kmf]6f] ptfL wft'sf] kftfdf laDa kf] 5flkg] Ps ljz]i
f Kn]6 . ~ k|ltlnlk gf) ck;]6 kftfn] 5fk] tof ulPsf] k|ltlnlk . ~ k|; ] gf) ck;]6ff
fOsf] sfd x'g] k|]; ;kmf cfsif{s 5kfO ug]{ cfw'lgs d'b|0foGq . ck;f]rck;f]; gf) [km
f) ckm;f]; ] != ;'tf{ zf]s la:dft . @= v]b ckm;f]; . ck:gfg gf) [;+)] != cfgf] s'g} ;
DaGwL jf s'6'Dasf] d[To'df pbslqmofsf] ;dodf ulg] :gfg cfzf}rdf ulg] g'xfO vNsf] . @
= ckljq kfgLdf g'xfpg] sfd . ck:df gf) [;+)] != f]uLsf] sn]hf] sfFk ] a]xf]; eO{ hld
gdf lug]{ sfd d"R5f{ kg]{ f]u 5f]f]u lduL lduL{ . @= ljof]uhGo si6n] lduL{sf] f]uL
lR5{t eP kN6g] vfnsf] k|]dL jf k|]ldsfsf] cj:yf Ps ;~rfL efj . > ck:dfL lj) ck:df f
] kLl8t . ckxt lj) [;+)] != xTof ulPsf] dflPsf] . @= 6f9f kflPsf] x6fOPsf] . ckxQ]ck
f gf) [;+) ckxTof ] != hfgLhfgL cfgf] Hofg u'dfpg] sfd cfTdxTof cfTd3ft . @= s[kf jf
;xof]u kfpg] cfzfn] cfkm}+nfO{ si6k"0f{ l:yltdf kfg]{ sfd . ckx0f gf) [;+)] != s;}
af6 s'g} j:t' hah{:tL vf];] n}hfg] sfd x0f . @= rf]g]{ jf x0f ug]{ sfd . #= s'g} :jf
y{ ;fWg] jf k};f sdfpg] p2]Zon] s'g} JolQmnfO{ hah:tL p7fP n}hfg] sfd . $= ltf]ef] a
rfpg s'g} dfn;fdfg n'sLl5kL cfoft jf lgof{t ug]{ sfd . %= gbL, lxdgbL, 5fn cflb
ljsfs tjff wftn lvofpg] sfd . sfL lj) ckx0f ug]{ . ckxtf{ gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] w
L vf];] lng] JolQm ckx0f ug]{ JolQm . @= n'6]f rf] 8fFs" . ckxl;t lj) [;+)] != ckxf
pkxf; ulPsf] lvNnL p8fOPsf] . Gff= @= c;Eo xfF;f] lvTsf . ckxf gf) [;+)] csf{sf] wgdf
n hah:tL x] n}hfg] sfd ckx0f . @= wf]sf jf a]OdfgL u] csf{sf] wg;DklQdf clwsf hdfpg
. > ckxfsckxfL lj) != csf{sf] wgdfn hah:tL x0f u] lng] ckx0f ug]{ . gf) @= rf]
56

ckt lj) [;+)] x0f ulPsf] vf]l;Psf] n'l6Psf] . ckx]ngckx]nf gf) [;+)] jf:tf, dfg s
Ofbfn] ulPsf] pk]Iff lt:sf x]nf . > ckx]lnt lj) ckx]ng ulPsf] . ckXg'lt gf) [;+)]
pg] jf axfgf ug]{ sfd . @= 9fF6 ] Ps yf]snfO{ csf]{ yf]ssf kdf k]; u]sf] b]vfpFbf x
'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . ckfs gf) [;+)] != gkfSg] jf gkfs]sf] cj:yf sfFrf]kg . @= ckr . ckf
So lj) [;+)] != ksfpg nfos gePsf] ksfpg g;lsg] .@= gkfs]sf] sfFrf] . ckf\u lj) [;+)]
!= c\ue\u ePsf] zLsf] s'g} c\u ljs[t ePsf] xftuf]8f cflb efFlrPsf] jf gfs, sfg, cfF
lb ljs[t ePsf] ljsnf\u . gf) @= cfFvfsf] s'gf] . ckfq gf) [;+)] != vfa cfr0f jf afgLa
]xf]f ePsf] JolQm s'kfq lglGbt JolQm . @= vfa efF8f] la6'nf] efF8f] . tf gf) vfa c
f zLn:jefj lgGbgLotf . ckfbfg gf) [;+)] x6fpg] jf kG5fpg] sfd 5'o \ fpg] jf cnu kfg]{
k|lqmof . @= cjlw Bf]tg ug]{ sfslrXg k~rdL ljelQmdf k|of]u ulg] sfs -af6, b]lv_ . c
kfg gf) [;+)] != k~r dxfk|f0fdWo] Ps . @= dnd"qnfO{ lgsfNg] cwf]jfo' . #= u'bf . ~
jfo' gf) u'bfaf6 lg:sg] jfo' kfb . ckfdfu{ gf) [;+)] e'jfbf kft x'g,] cfFVn}cfFVnf k
ftf, xlof tyf ;]tf 8fF7 x'g], d~hLh:tf] k"mn nfUg] ltnsf bfgfh:tf] kmn kmNg] Ps em
fljz]if Ps k|sfsf] bltjg (efb|zS ' n k~rdL jf Clifk~rdLsf lbg gfLhfltn] nufpg] bltjg
.) ckfdfh{g gf)x]) ckdfh{g . ckfDd] lj) != Hofb} w]} cToGt cufw . lqm)lj) @= Hofbf
w] . ckf lj) [;+)] != kf x'g g;Sg] ;Ldflxt cgGt . @= cTolws Hofb} . #= pu| tLj| k
dL lj) != kf ug{ g;lsg] . @= of]Uo gePsf] cof]Uo . #= ;dy{ gePsf] c;dy{ . bz{sbzL{
kfbzL{ gePsf] k"0f{ kn] k|sfz l5g{ g;Sg] csf]{tkm{ s'g} lsl;dsf] 5fof jf k|sfz gb]l
vg] . ckfjg lj) [;+)] kljq gePsf] ckljq . ckflxh lj) [k|f) ckfx]Hh] != xftuf]8f geP
sf] c\uxLg ljsnf\u ckf\u . @= vf]Rofpg] v~h n'nf]n\u8f] . #= sfdsf lglDt of]Uo ge
o . $= cN;L . ckfxL lj) [c kfxL] != kfxL gk]sf] kfos gk]sf] . @=

57

clkckf}?if lgM;Gtfg ck"tf] . @= 5f]f] gePsf] k'qxLg . > ck'lqsf gf) ck'qs lktfsL ;Gt
fgxLg 5f]L ck'qs lktfsf] ;DklQ pkef]u ug{ gkfpg] 5f]L . ck'qL lj) != ;Gtfg ghGdfPsL
-gfL_ 5f]f5f]L gkfPsL -:qL_ . @= k'q jf ;Gtfg hGd] db}{ u]sfn] sf]v vfnL ePsL -gfL_
ck'f] lj) [;+) ck"0f{ ] ! k"0f{ jf elPsf] gePsf] vfnL lQf] . @= s'g} sdL, q'l6 jf bf]
f ePsf] . #= k"f jf ;dfKt x'g afFsL x]sf] (sfd jf j:t') cw'f] . ck'i6 lj) [;+)] != k'
i6 gePsf] b'Anf] kftnf] lgwf]{ . @= Vofp6] emLgf] . #= k|df0fff l;4 gePsf] ck|dfl0ft
9Gt (;dfrf, s'f O)) . $= ;dy{g gePsf] :jLsf gulPsf] . ck'iks gf) [;+)] jg:klthut\sf]
mn gk'mNg] ju{ . ck"k gf) [;+)] != ck'\uf] . @= k'jf jf dfnk'jf . #= dxsf] rfsf] .
ck"0fLo lj) [;+)] slxNo} k"f ug{ g;lsg] Hofb} si6k|b . (pbf) k|l;4 gf6ssf afns[i0f ;
sf] lgwgn] g]kfnL ;flxTodf ck"0fLo Iflt ePsf] 5 .) ck"f] lj) x]) ck'/f] . ck"0f{ lj)
[;+)] x]) ck'f] . ck"j { lj) [;+)] != klxn] sxLF klg gePsf] jf gb]lvPsf] . @= gof
F xfn;fnsf] . #= cgf}7f] cb\e't . $= lrghfg gePsf] c1ft . %= cb\et ' ljnIf0f . ^= c
ltLo cg'kd . ck[i7j+z gf) [;+) ] d]?b08 gePsf] hLjsf] k|sf . > ck[i7j+zLo o'u gf) d]?
b08 gePsf hLjxsf] ;[li6 ePsf] o'u k'fhLjs k|yd v08sf] ;d:t ;donfO{ cf]u6\g] h}ljs o
'u lqv08fDeb]lv lul jf z}no'u;Ddsf] ;d:t o'u . ck]If0fLo lj) [;+)] ck]Iff jf jf:tf u
g{ nfos . ck]Iff gf) [;+)] != s]xL j:t' kfpg To;df b[li6 jf nfnr k'ofpg] sfd OR5f cl
enfiff jf:tf rfxgf . @= cl:tTj, qmd, ljsf;, l:ylt cflbsf b[li6n] s'f jf j:t'xdf xg] :
jfefljs ;DaGw . #= cfzf ef];f . $= t'ngf bfFhf] . s[t lqm) lj) != t'ngf jf bfFhf]df
. @= cfzf u]sf] eGbf . > ck]lIft lj) != ck]Iff ulPsf] jf~5gLo . @= k|of]hgLo cfjZos h
. ck]Io lj) != jf~5gLo OR5f ug{ nfos . @= k|of]hgLo cfjZos . ck]o lj) [;+)] lkpg gx
'g] jf g;lsg] lkpg nfos gePsf] . ckf}?if gf) [;+)] != kf}?if jf jLtfsf] cefj . @= ;
fwf0f dflg;df gkfOg] u'0f cnf}lss zlQm cnf}lsstf . lj) #= k'?iffy{ gePsf] ;fdYo{xLg
.$= cnf}lss O{ZjLo . > ckf}?if]o lj) != k'?if jf dflg;n] gagfPsf] cnf}lss . @= kf}?i
f gePsf] k'?iffy{xLg ckf}?if .

sf]N6f] c;lhnf] cK7]f] . clk ;+of]) [;+)] ;+:s[tdf klgsf] cy{df :jtGq kn] k|of]u x'
]kfnLdf eg] ;f]xL cy{df c zAb;Fu hf]l8P k|of]u x'g] Ps zAb (tyflk, oBlk, tblk O))
. > clkt' ;+of]) != jfSov08sf aLr k|oQ ' m eP ;+oQ ' mjfSo lgdf{0fdf ;3fp k'ofpg] ;+
of]hs zAb . @= lsGt' t kGt' . #= a? . clkn gf) [c\)] != ljrf, :jLs[lt, Gofo jf ;xfot
nflu ljgok"js { s;};u F ulg] k|fy{gf jf lgj]bg . @= ;'? jf tNnf txsf] cbfntsf] l
g0f{odf lrQ ga'emL ;f] abNg jf k'glj{rf ug{ dflyNnf] txsf] cbfntdf lbOg] lgj]bg k'
gfj]bg . #= s'g} cfsf sd{rfLpksf] ph' ;'Gg] clwsfk|fKt csf]{ cf . ~ cf gf) ;'?sf c
] ph'L ;'Gg] dflyNnf] cbfnt . ~ kq gf) ;'?sf cfn] u]sf] km};nfpk ulPsf] gfln;;DaGwL s
uhft . jfnf gf) clknf6 . > clknf6 gf) clkn ug]{ JolQm clknjfnf emul8of . ck'u lj) [c
u] \ != gk'us ] f] sd ePsf] . @= k"f gePsf] ck"f] ck"0f{ . gf) #= gk'us ] f] jf k"f g
Psf] c+z ckof{Kttf ck"0f{tf . ck'Ubf] lj) [c k'u\ bf]] gk'us ] f] jf gk'Ubf] sdL ckof{
k"0f{ . ck'u \ L lqm) lj) != dflg;}lkR5] hgxL k|ltJolQm . ck'u \ ] lj) [ck'u \ f] P
k'u \ f]h:t} uL afFl8g] yf]yf]} . @= kmfNt' jflxoft Joy{sf] . ck'u \ f] gf) [;+)
3p, lrgL ux'Fsf] kL7f] cflb ld;fP agfPsf] b]jsfo{df r9fOg] Ps k|sfsf] g}j]B k|foM ;
Togffo0fsf] k"hfdf r9fOg] g}jB ] jf vfB j:t' . ck'R5 lj) [;+)] != k'R5 gePsf] . gf)
@= gjfgfg'u0fleq kg]{ k'R5 gx'g] jfg . ~ Voft~ rt'is gf) gjfgfg'u0fleq kg]{ ck'R5 g
rf k|sfsf k|l;4 gjfg (zfvfjfg, agdfG5], d]Wojfg eLdjfg). ~ 6f\u; gf) clk|msfsf]
:yfgsf] u'kmfdf cZdLe"t cj:yfdf kfOPsf], k'R5 gePsf], dfgjh:tf] gjfg . ck't lj) [;+
) ck'q ] != k'q jf ;Gtfg gePsf] ck'q . gf) @= vfa 5f]f] sk"t . lj) #= k"mn gk'mNg] .
ck'tfnL gf) [ck"t cfnL] 5f]f jf ;Gtfg gePsf JolQmsf] hfoh]yf ;DklQsf] pkef]u ug]{] l
gs6td pQflwsfL gx'g] JolQmsf] wgdfn cf}tfnL . ck'tf] lj) [;+) ck'q ] != k'q jf ;Gtfg
gePsf] ck'q . gf) @= vfa 5f]f] sk"t . lj) #= k"mn gk'mNg] . ck"tf] lj) x]) ck'tf] .
ck'qck'qs lj) [;+)] != ;Gtfg gePsf] 5f]f5f]L gePsf]

ckf}li6sck|fs[t ckf}li6s lj) [;+)] kf}li6s gePsf] zLdf tfut gnfUg] kf}li6stfxLg (vfB
:t' cflb) . cK7]f]cK7ff] lj) [;+) ck:tf ] != c;lhnf] ufx|f] sl7g . @= afpF6f] laFu
] . lqm)lj) #= bf]7f cG8; c8sfp c7jf . ck|s6 lj) [;+)] k|s6 gePsf] pTkGg gePsf] gb]
] n's]sf] l5k]sf] . ck|s0f gf) [;+)] k|s0fafx]ssf] ljifoj:t' ck|fsl0fs ljifo . ck|sf
) [;+)] != k|sfzsf] cefj cFWoff] . lj) @= k|sfz gcfPsf] pHofnf]ljgfsf] . #= n's]sf]
jf l5k]sf] k|s6df gcfPsf] . $= glg:s]sf] k|sfzdf gcfPsf] ck|sflzt . > ck|sflzt lj)
!= cFWoff] pHofnf] gePsf] k|sfzljgfsf] @= k|s6 gePsf] jf gulPsf] #= u'Kt gb]lvPsf] .
$= 5fk] k|rf gulPsf] . ck|st [ lj) [;+)] != k|st [ jf :jfefljs gePsf] . @= ljifo gl
dn]sf] leGg ljifosf] ck|f;\lus . ck|rlnt lj) [;+)] k|rngdf gcfPsf] grn]sf] Jojxfdf g
OPsf] ck|oQ ' m. ck|ltsf lj) [;+)] != k|ltsf gulPsf] abnf glnOPsf] . gf) @= k|ltsf/ j
k|ltzf]wsf] cefj . ck|ltb]o lj) [;+)] != ;xfotfy{ lbOPsf] (wg) . @=lkmtf{ ug'{ g
kg]{ (C0f) . gf) #= bfg . ck|ltG lj) [;+)] != cfgf] afaLsf] sf]xL gePsf] hf]8f gePsf
ltGL gePsf] . @=s;}n] lhTg g;Sg] ch]o . gf) #= k|ltG jf kf/:kl/s le8Gt gePsf] cj:yf .
ck|ltaGw lj) [;+)] != f]s6f]s gePsf] k|ltaGw gnfu]sf] :jR5Gb . gf) @= k|ltaGwsf] ce
fj jf cg'kl:ylt . ck|lte lj) [;+)] != k|ltef gePsf] lga'l{ 4 xtk|e . @= k'mtL{ gePs
f] ;':t . #= hfFu gePsf] cfn:oo'Qm . ck|ltd lj) [;+)] hf]8f gePsf] cltLo cg'kd . ck|
7f gf) [;+)] != k|lti7fsf] cefj cgfb lt:sf x]nf . @= ckoz csLlt{ . > ck|ltli7t lj)
f gePsf] dfgdof{bf gePsf] c;Ddflgt cdof{lbt . ck|tLt lj) [;+)] != ck|;Gg a]v; ' L . @
= g;lDemg] ga'lemg] c:ki6 . tf gf) s'g} kbsf] gofF cy{ eP tfklg slxn]sfxLF dfq rn]s
f] x'b F f Tof] cy{ ;a}n] a'g g;lsg] ePdf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] kbbf]if . ck|ToIf lj) [;+
)] != k|ToIf gePsf] ;fIffTsf gePsf] kf]If . @= cb[i6 cuf]r . #= yfxf gx'g] lsl;dn] eP
f] ;f]emf] 9\un] gePsf] . ~ s gf) k|ToIf kaf6 glnP pkef]Uo j:t'xsf] pTkfbs jf cfofts
xaf6} lnOg] s . ~ sf gf) ck|ToIf lsl;dn] flvg] ;DaGw kf]If
58

;Demf{tf jf ;t{gfdf . ~ k|ltlnlk gf) k|ToIf kdf :ki6 a'lemg] geO{ s'g} ljz]if tlsf
jf pkfon] dfq a'g ;lsg] k|ltlnlk 5foflrq . ~ ;+If0f gf) ck|ToIf kn] ulPsf] x]ljrf j
0f . ck|Toflzt lj) [;+)] != cfzf gulPsf] . @= crfgs ePsf] cfsl:ds . ck|blz{t lj) [;+
)] k|bz{g gulPsf] gb]vfOPsf] \ud~rdf gNofOPsf] . ck|wfg lj) [;+)] != k|wfg gePsf] cd
. @= ;xfos uf}0f . ~ pkjfSo gf) Jofs0fdf d'Vo jfSosf ;xfossf kdf cfpg] pkjfSo ;xfos
jf uf}0f pkjfSo . ck|dQ lj) [;+)] != gdflQPsf] k|dfb gePsf] pGdQ gePsf] . @= ;fjwfg
;ts{ . #= a'l4dfg\ ljfg\ . ck|df0f lj) [;+)] != s'g} klg k|df0f gePsf] lg:;f gePsf]
. gf) @= k|df0fsf] cefj jf cg'kl:ylt . > ck|dfl0ft lj) k|df0f gePsf] k|dfl0ft gePs
f] . ck|dfb lj) [;+)] k|dfblxt ;ts{ ;fjwfg . ck|do ] lj) [;+)] != gfKg g;lsg] c;Ld
dt cgGt @= ts{af6 l;4 ug{ g;lsg] . #= oyfy{ kdf hfGg g;lsg] . gf) $= a|Xd O{Zj . ck|
oQ ' m lj) [;+)] != k|of]u gulPsf] Jojxfdf gNofOPsf] cJojt . gf) @= zf:qdf k|l;4 eP t
klg Jojxfdf k|of]u ubf{ x'g] kbbf]if . ck|jl [ Q gf) [;+)] Jojxfdf gcfpg] lqmof sfd
gnfUg] l:ylt lgliqmotf . ck|lzlIft lj) [;+)] != pQd lzIff gkfPsf] fd|f] lzIff gkfPsf
] . @= k"0f{ lzIff k|fKt gu]sf] cw{lzlIft . #= Jofjxfls lzIff k|fKt gu]sf] tflnd gkfP
sf] . ck|;\u lj) [;+)] != ljgfk|;\usf] c;DalGwt . @= k|]d gePsf] cg'fulxt . gf) a]df
cg'ko'Qm cj; . ck|;Gg lj) [;+)] v';L gePsf] k|;Gg gePsf] ck|km ' Nn . tf gf) ck|;Gg
'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ck|k'mNntf a]fhLkgf . ck|l;4 lj) [;+)] k|l;4 gePsf] k|Voft gePsf]
rf}lt gk}mlnPsf] . > ck|l;l4 gf) k|l;l4sf] cefj VofltxLgtf k|VofltljxLgtf . ck|:tfljt
lj) [;+)] k|:tfj gflvPsf] k|:tfj k]; gePsf] . ck|:t't lj) [;+)] != k]; gulPsf] k|:t't
gulPsf] . @= cufl8 gx]sf] pkl:yt gePsf] . #= k|f;\lus gePsf] ;\ult gldn]sf] k|of]hg
Psf] . gf) $= pkdfg . ~ k|z+;f gf) s'g} ck|f;\lus s'f u] k|f;\lus s'f a'emfPdf x'g]
cyf{n\sf . ck|fs[t lj) [;+)] != k|fs[t gePsf] c:jfefljs . @= ;fwf0f

59

ck|fKtca/] 7fGg] JolQmnfO{ Jo\Uo uL elgg] zAb . ckmjfx gf) [c)] ;j{;fwf0f hgtfdf rn]s
f] xNnf xf]xNnf . ckm;/ gf) [c\)] x]) clkm;/ . > ckm;/L gf) clkm;L . ckm;f]; gf) [kmf
] != b'Mv . @= ;'tf{ zf]s la:dft . #= cfTdUnflg k5'tf] kZrfQfk v]b . ckmfk lj) [c kmf
!= kmfk gePsf] gkmfKg] jf gkmfk]sf] xflg ug]{ ljgsfs . gf) @= gkmfKg] jf clgi6sfs l:
lt xflg . ckmfn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) cf:kmfng ] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ k x'Tofpg' kmfNg' ldNsfpg
fFSg' . @= 5f8\g' TofUg' . > ckmfnfO gf) ckmfNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ckmflng'
s) lqm) ckmfNg] sfd ulg' ofFlsg' . clkmd gf) [;+) clxkm]g ] != sfF9fbf s];|f k]sf
x'g], ;]tf] sn]hL, ftf] jf gLnf] sf] k"mn k'mNg], 8Nnf k]sf kmnleq dl;gf n]h:tf bfgf
kmNg], Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;}af6 lg:sg] gzfbf rf]k clxkm]g . > clkmdrL gf) != clk
md vfg] JolQm cDdnL . @= cN5L lw\Gofxf . #= xu'f] . clkm; gf) [c\)] sfof{no cf bt
[c\) ] != ;sfL pRr sd{rfL ckm;/ . @= pRr ;}lgs kbflwsfL ;]gfgfos . #= xflsd k|wfg
. > clkm;L gf) clkm;n] ug]{ sfd clkm;sf] kb ckm;/L . clk|msf gf) [c\)] k[YjLsf] k"j
]nfw{df e"dWo;fub]lv blIf0flt x]sf] Ps dxfLk kfFr dxfLkdWo] Ps . > clk| m sfnL lj) c
msf;DaGwL clk|msfsf] afl;Gbf clk|ms]nL . clk|msL lj) clk|msfnL clk|ms]nL . clk|ms]nL
lj) clk|msfnL clk|msL . ca ;+of]) [;+) cy ] != o;kl5 clg . @= o; avt o;} If0f . casfL
gf) [kmf) cfasfL ] != S;L agfpg] 7fpF ;favfgf eL . @= eL;DaGwL sd dfbs kbfy{;DaGwL
] cf . caufn gf) [ca ufn ] x'gk ' g]{ jf eg]h:tf] sfds'f gx'b Ff cfOnfUg] bf]if ufn c
egfO . cah; gf) [;+) ckoz ] h; gkfOg] lqmof jf cj:yf caufn ckjfb egfO ckoz . cah'; gf
[kmf) cfahf]z ] laofF gePsf] 7"nf] ftf] d'gSsf bfv . ca4 lj) [;+)] gafFlwPsf] aGwgd
f gk]sf] k'mSsf a4 gePsf] . caGWo lj) [;+)] afFWg gx'g] afFWg g;lsg] . ca] gf) [csa
f]n cfsfsf] Hofb} lkf] vfnsf]

gePsf] c;fwf0f . > ck|fs[lts lj) != k|fs[lts gePsf] :jfefljs gePsf] c:jfefljs cg};lu{
. @= c:jfefljs 9\un] ulg] (;DaGw, d}yg ' O)) . ck|fKt lj) [;+)] != k|fKt gePsf] gkf
OPsf] gldn]sf] . @= kfpg sl7g cnEo b'ne { . > ck|flKt gf) k|flKtsf] cefj gkfOg] l:ylt
. ck|fKo lj) [;+)] kfpg g;lsg] cnEo b'n{e . ck|fdfl0fs lj) [;+)] k|fdfl0fs gePsf] k|
df0fa]usf] k|df0flxt . ck|f;\lus lj) [;+)] k|;\u gldn]sf] a]k|;\usf] l;nl;nfb]lv a
gf;Gbe{sf] . clk|o lj) [;+)] != dg gk]sf] Koff] gePsf] k|d ] gePsf] . @= rfx gePsf] O
5f ghfUg] . gf) #= zq' j}L . tf gf) clk|o x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf :g]xxLgtf . clk|n lj)
[c\)] u|]uf]L kfqf]cg';f O:jL ;+jt\sf] rf}yf] dlxgf j}zfv cfwfcfwLb]lv h]7sf] cfwfcf
wLsf aLrdf kg]{ c\u|]hL dlxgf . ~ k'mn gf) clk|n Ps tflvdf s;}nfO{ e'mSofpFb} d"v{
agfpg] kj{ . ck|Llt gf) [;+)] k|Lltsf] cefj k|Llt jf dfof gx'gfsf] cj:yf . ck]l |
G6; gf) [c\)] s'g} sfof{nodf sfd l;Sg cj}tlgs jf cNkj}tlgs kn] sfd ug]{ sd{rfL l;sf?
JolQm . ck|; ] g gf) [c)] lrkmf zNolqmof . ck|f}9 lj) [;+)] != k|f}9 gePsf] cfnf]sfF
. @= 8kf]s sfFt . tf gf) != k|f}9tfsf] cefj cfnf]sfFrf]kgf s6\ldf] cj:yf . ck|f}9
[;+)] != ljjfx gePsL :qL sGof . @= ev{ ljjfx ePsL :qL gjljjflxtf :qL . #= g5'g] geP
sL sGof hf]jtL gePsL sGof . cK;f gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf] ;efdf gfrufg ug]{ g6'jL :ju{sL
gt{sL b]jf\ugf :jj]{Zof . @= hns0f jfiks0f . lj) #= cToGt fd|L kd ;'GbL (:qL) . cK;
) [;+) ckf];fg] cu|f;g cf};fgL . ckmufg gf) [;+) cju0f] ckmuflg:tfg b]zdf a:g] hfl
t . > ckmuflg:tfg gf) Pl;of dxfb]zdf x]sf] Ofgk"j{sf] Ps b]z . ckmtfnL gf) [<] fhf, d
xffhf cflbsf ofqfdf klxn] g} uP af; cflbs]f k|aGw ug]{ sd{rfL k];uL . ckmn lj) [;+)]
!= kmn gePsf] lgikmn . @= lgy{s Joy{ .#= v;L kflPsf] gk'+;s t'NofOPsf] nSVo|fOPsf] .
ckmnfsf\IfL lj) kfl>ldssf] OR5f gug]{ k':sfsf] cfzf gug]{ lg:jfyL{ . ckmnft'g gf)
)Knftf]g ] != k|frLg o'gfgsf k|l;4 bfz{lgs ljfg\ Kn]6f]sf] c/aL gfpF Kn]6f] . @= c
fk"mnfO{ 7"nf] ljfg\

cancefu vf];f{gL8Nn] vf];f{gL fFu] vf];f{gL csa] . can lj) [;+)] an gePsf] b'a{n l
Anf] . > canf lj) != an gePsL b'a{nf lga{nf . gf) @= cfOdfO{ :jf:gLdfG5] (canf jf cz
St dflgg] k'fgf] wf0ffcg';f) . ca:;] lqm) lj) [;+) cjZo] cjZo lg:;} . cafh gf) [kmf)
fjfh] != zAb Wjlg . @= af]nL cfjfh . caf6f] gf) [c af6f]] != s'af6f] vfa af6f] . @= af
f] gePsf] 7fpF af6f] gk]sf] 7fpF . cafb gf) [kmf) cfafb] afFemf] hUufdf vghf]t v]tL
ls;fgL ug]{ tyf gofF a:tL a;fpg] sfd afFemf] hUuf hldgsf] vghf]t v]tLsdfO cfafb . > c
afbL lj) != cafb ePsf] vghf]t uL v]tL ulPsf] cfafbL . gf) @= dflg;xsf] a:tL . #= hg;
of cfafbL . cafw lj) [;+)] != afwfc8\sfp s]xL gePsf] lglj{g :jR5Gb . @= kL8f gePsf]
gePsf] . lqm) lj) #= ljgff]s6f]s lgGt . ~ Jofkf gf) ljleGg k|sfsf aGb]h jf s cflb
]sf] Jofkf pGd'Qm jfl0fHo . > caflwt lj) != afwf gePsf] ljgff]s6f]ssf] . @= :jR5Gb :
tGq . cafWo lj) != f]Sg g;lsg] efFhL xfNg g;lsg] . @= gafFlwPsf] afWo gePsf] . #= cl
gjfo{ gePsf] . clahfnf] gf) [;+) clehfn] != s]fpsf h:tf af6'nf kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf]
emf jf a'6Lljz]if . @= lkgf;sf] f]udf k|of]u ulg] cd{n]h:tf] Ps emf . #= s8f lkf] kbf
y{ . cla gf) [c) caL] b]jtfsf] k"hf ug]{ l6sf] cflb nufpg] ] sfddf k| o f] u ulg] ft
] w" n f] caL/ . > claL lj) != clasf] clah:tf] cla;DaGwL . @= clah:tf] ftf] sf
x]) cla/ . > caL/L lj) cla/L . ca'l4 gf) [;+)] a'l4 gx'g] efj jf cj:yf lga'l{ 4tf s'
al' 4 . ca'em lj) [k|f) caHem < ;+) ca'4] hlt g} a'emfpFbf klg ga'g] hlt ;DemfP klg
g;Demg] af]wf] gf;dem . > ca'emsL lj) s'f ga'g] ca'em d"v{ . ca] lqm) lj) [c a]]
nDa ca]nf l9nf] . ca]nf gf) [c a]nf ] != cg'lrt jf cg'ko'Qm ;do vfa ;do a]df}sf s'a]
lqm) lj) @= ca] l9nf] a]nf ;lsPkl5 . ca]:tf gf) [kmf)] kmf;Lxsf] wd{uG | y Ofgsf h
k|ltkflbt kmf;L wd{sf] cfwfu|Gy . ca]xf] lj) [c a]xf] ] vfa rfnrngsf] b'frfL b'Z
j) [;+)] s]xL klg ga'g] s]xL ghfGg] c1fgL d"v{ . uDo lj) a'g g;lsg] af]w jf ;fdYo{
ksf] . caf]nf lj) [c af]nf ] gaf]Ng] :jefjsf] df}g k|sl[ tsf] .
60

cAem6 lqm) lj) [ ckem{6] ckem{6 crfgs PSsfl; cgfof; . cAb gf) [;+)] != jif{ ;fn . @=
3 afbn . #= cfsfz . clAw gf) [;+)] != ;d'b| ;fu . @= ;f]j tnfp hnfzo . #= rfnfO{ a
;
\Vof . $= c
\u'n Pj+ dfqfsf] ;ft u'gfafasf] gfk b[li6, d'lg Pj+ kftfnafasf] gfk . c
lj) [c) cJjn ] != c;n pQd >]i7 . @= k|yd bhf{sf] Ps gDasf] (hUufhldg cflb) . ~ :j gf
pRrf0fdf lha|f];Fu ;xdlt hgfpFb} lha|f] kZr ePsf a]nfdf cf]7 v'lDrP lha|f] cu| eP
sf a]nfdf cf]7 tlGsP pRrf0f x'g] :jj0f{ . ca|v gf)x]) ce|s . ca|Xdro{ gf) [;+)] != a|
Xdro{df gx]sf] cj:yf . lj) @= a|Xdro{sf] kfngf gug]{ . ca|Xd0o lj) [;+)] != a|fXd0
fnfO{ of]Uo gePsf] a|fXd0fn] ug{ gx'g] a|fXd0fsf] k|lts"n (sd{) . @= a|fXd0fdf cf:
yf gfVg] . gf) #= ;+:s[t gf6ssf cg';f gf6sdf s'g} cg'lrt s'fsf] ;"rgf ubf{ g]kYodf
pRrf0f ulg] zAb . ca|j ' f gf) [c) cfj]jfF ] ldlxg kftnf] vfns]f Ps hftsf] c;n ;]tf]
sk8f Ps k|sfsf] c;n dndn . celQm gf) [;+)] != elQm jf >4f gx'g] l:ylt elQmefjsf] cef
j . @= k|]dxLgtf cg'fuljxLgtf ceIo lj) [;+)] vfg gx'g] -j:t'_ . gf) @= cef]Ho rLh cv
fB kbfy{ wd{zf:qn] lgif]w u]sf] j:t' ceR5] . ceu gf) [;+) ce
\u ] uLtsf] bf]xf]ofO{t]
{ elgg] r0f uLtsf] :yfoL . ce\u lj) [;+)] 6'6k'm6 gePsf] e\u gePsf] cv08 k"0f{ . ~
kb jf cIfnfO{ e\u guLsg} b'O{ jf a9L cy{ lg:sg] cyf{n\sf Zn]iffn\sfsf] Ps e]b . ce
)lj) [;+) ceIo ] x]) ceIo . ceb| lj) [;+)] != enfbdLkg gePsf] enf] Jojxf gug]{ clzi6
. @= vfa cz'e . ceo gf) [;+)] != eo gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt eolxt l:ylt lge{o lg8 . @
f lng] lqmof jf l:ylt Iff . ~ bfg gf) gf) 8af6 arfpg] lqmof z0fdf lng] jf Iff ug]{ s
. ~ kq gf) eolxt ug{ s;}nfO{ lbOPsf] kq . ~ kb gf) df]If . ~ d'bf | gf) ceobfg lbg]
d'b|f bflxg] xft p7fP xTs]nf b]vfOPsf] ceobfg lbg] d'b|f . ~ jrg gf) eoaf6 arfpgsf
lglDt ulg] k|lt1f ceobfgsf] ekbf]{ af]nL . cefu gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] efUo b'ef{Uo ce
vf]6f] sd{ . lj) efUo gePsf] sd{vf]6L cefuL . #= efu g5'fOPsf] c+zaG8f gulPsf] cljeQ
> cefuL

61

cefUoclegLt hflt pQd hflt ;'Gb hflt . clelht\ gf) [;+)] != pQfiff9f gIfqsf] kl5Nnf] k
w| 38L >j0f gIfqs]f klxn]sf rf 38Lsf] ;do . @= kf}g] afx|b]lv 8]9 ah];Ddsf] d'x"t
{ . %= ljhod'x"t{ . cle1 lj) [;+)] != ljz]if hfGg] hfGg];'Gg] hflgkmsf ljz]if1 . @= s
'zn lgk'0f k|jL0f . > cle1f gf) != k|fylds j}rfls 1fg ;fdfGo hfgsfL . @= :d0f ;Dem
lt . #= af}4xsf cg';f lrtfPh:tf] zL wf0f ug{ ;Sg] tLg} sfnsf s'f hfGg] tyf glhs 6
;a} dflg;sf dgsf] s'f hfGg] uf}td a'4sf] cnf}lss zlQm . cle1ft lj) [;+)] != ljz]i
f kdf hflgPsf] yfxf kfOPsf] . @= fd|L ;lDemPsf] :d0f ePsf] . cle1fg gf) [;+)] != ;De
:d[lt . @= ;Demf}6f] lrg' . #= nIf0f lrXg . $= lrgfL klro . cletfk gf) [;+)] != k|r08
udL{ rsf]{ w"k . @= cToGt b'Mv cTolws kL8f . #= 7"nf] lrGtf . clewf gf) [;+)] != gf
pF gfd . @= kbjL bhf{ >]0fL pkflw . #= zAbsf] jfRofy{ jf ;f]emf] cy{sf] af]w ufpg] zl
Qm jfrs zAbf/f a'lemg] ;fdfGo cy{ . > clewfTds lj) jfRofy{ k|wfg ePsf] clewfd"ns .
clewfg gf) [;+)] gfpF gfd ;+1f . clew]o gf) [;+)] != cy{ efj tfTko{ clek|fo . @= lgr
isif{ . #= s'g} zAbsf] zflAbs cy{ . $= gfpF gfd . lj) %= clewfff JoQm ug{ ;lsg] (jf
Ro) . clegGbg gf) [;+)] != s'g} dxjk"0f{ sfds'f jf of]ubfg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ulg] :jfut
, ;Tsf, k|z+;f, wGojfb cflb sfo{ . @= xif{ v';L cfgGb ;Gtf]if . #= clejfbg k|0ffd . $
= ljgok"js { ulPsf] k|fy{gf . ~ kq gf) s'g} k|ltli7t JolQmnfO{ pgsf ;Tsfo{sf] k|z+
;f n]vL ;dk{0f ulg] kq ;Ddfgkq k|zl:tkq . > clegGbgLo lj) k|z; + gLo Znf3gLo . @= jG
bgLo k|0ffd ulg] . #= xif{kb | cfgGbo'Qm . cleglGbt clegGbg ulPsf] k|0ffd ulPsf] c
g ulPsf] . clego gf) [;+)] != gSsn b]vfl;sL cg's0f . @= gf6sdf kfqkfqff/f ulg] cy{k0
f{ c\u;~rfng xfpefp . #= x[bosf efjnfO{ afXo r]i6fff k|bz{g ug]{ sfd . clegj lj) [;+)
] != gofF gjLg . @= cfnf] tfhf ;fhL . > clegjg gf) klxn] l;s]sf wf0ff, Jojxf jf sfo{s
fknfO{ k'gg{jLs0f ug]{ sfo{ gofFgofF 1fg ;Lkff :t j[l4 ug]{ sfd . clegLt lj) [;+)]
lhs NofOPsf] clulNt NofOPsf] . @= l;Fuf ulPsf] cn\st [ ;';lHht . #= clego ulPsf]
|:t't ulPsf] (gf6s) .

lj) != efUo gePsf] vf]6f] sd{ ePsf] . @= h; gkfpg] cah:ofxf . cefUo gf) [;+)] cefu b
'ef{Uo . cefj gf) [;+)] != gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ;QfxLgtf . @= gkfOg] l:ylt ck|flKt
. #= gfz d[To' . u|:t lj) cfjZos j:t'sf] vfFrf] x'gfn] sl7g cj:yf ePsf] cefjn] ;tf
Psf] . u|:t If]q gf) vfBfGg cflb cfjZos j:t'sf] w]} sdL ePsf] If]q jf 7fpF . cefj'
s lj) [;+)] != efj's gePsf] efjgflxt . @= efj's geO{ ljrf u] Jojxf ug]{ Jofjxfls
ft lj) [;+)] gelgPsf] gslxPsf] g;'gfOPsf] . cle pk) [;+)] ;+1fjfrs tyf lqmofjfrs zAb
sf clulNt nfu] d"n zAbsf cy{df kljt{g ufpg] Ps ;+:s[t pk;u{ (clegGbg clego O)) . s0
) != s'g} 7"nf ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 lgot If]qdf sfd ug]{ ;fgf] ;+:yf Ph]G;L . @= clest
f{sf] sfd ug]{ 7fpF . stf{ gf) != s'g} JofkfL, Jofkfls ;+:yf jf fHosf tkm{af6 k|ltlg
lwsf kdf sfd ug]{ jf sld;gdf dfn;fdfg a]Rg] JolQm . @= d'2fdfldnf;DaGwL cbfntL n]
vfk9L ug{ kfpg] t ax; ug{ gkfpg] sfg'gJoj;foL . sf\Iff gf) ulxf] cfzf jf clenfiff cT
lws rfxgf . sf\IfL lj) clenfiff ug]{ cTolws rfxgf ug]{ . Ifdtf gf) != ;a}lt lgoGq0
g{ ;Sg] Ifdtf . @= cfk"meGbf lgDg >]0fLsf sd{rfLnfO{ fd|L lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf .
#= Jofjxfls ljifoj:t'sf] pRr:tLo k|of]ufTds 1fg xfl;n ug{ ;Sg] Ifdtf . $= k|fs[lts
ljz]iftf :jtGq k|sl[ t . %= JolQmdf xg] dfgl;s Ifdtf . ^= vf; ljifok|lt lzIffyL{s
f] e'msfp jf Ifdtf . uf]i7L gf) != vf;vf; ljifoxsf ljz]if1xsf] ;Dd]ng . @= cWooguf]i
L . #= ;]ldgf . 3ft gf) != sf6df k|xf . @= s;}kl| tsf] cfqmd0f xdnf . #= Jofkfls k
f . $= cltk|]0ff Hofb} lemofx6 . lj) %= clt cToGt Hofbf . lqm) lj) ^= w]} clt . 3f
!= dfsf6 ug]{ k|xf ug]{ . @= cfqmd0f ug]{ xdnf ug]{ . #= f]syfd ug]{ 5]sy'g ug]{ .
f) tGqdGq jf emfk'ms cflbff ulg] df0f, df]xg, pRrf6g cflb cg'lrt sd{ . rfs lj) cle
g]{ jf To:tf] sd{l;t ;DaGw ePsf] s'sdL{ b'frfL . hg gf) != cfgf aGw'ju{ j+z s'6'D
:jb]z cfgf] b]z . clehft lj) [;+)] != pQd s'ndf hGd]sf] s'nLg . @= a'l4dfg\ kl08t . #
= pko'Qm of]Uo . $= dfGo k"Ho . %= ;'Gb dgf]x . gf) ^= vfgbfg . ~ tGq gf) fd|f tjn]
rnfpg ;Sg] ;'of]Uo s'nLg JolQmsf clwsfdf x]sf] zf;gk|0ffnL . > clehflt gf) ljz]if l
sl;dsf]

cleg]tfcleof]Qmf cleg]tf gf) [;+)] != g[To, gf6s cflbdf clego ug]{ JolQm /\ud~r jf r
nlrqdf clego ug]{ snfsf/ . @= rnlrqsf] d'Vo kfq s'g} rl/qsf] cg'stf{ gfos . cleg]q
L gf) [;+)] != clego ug]{ :qL cleg]tfsf] :qLk dlxnf cleg]tf . cleg]o lj) [;+)] clego
ug{ of]Uo jf ;lsg] gf6s v]Ng nfos gf6s v]Ng ;lsg] . cleGg lj) [;+)] != g5'lPsf] jf g
a]lUnPsf] leGg gePsf] gsfl6Psf] l;\uf] ;Unf] . @= 6fFl;Psf] ldn]sf] n]lK;Psf] . #= n
sf] ;+nUg ;Da4 . tf gf) != cleGg x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt leGgtfsf] cefj . @= Psk jf ;df
x'gfsf] cj:yf PsfTdtf Psktf . #= cleGg ;DaGw . ~ kb gf) x]) ce\u kb . cleGof; gf) [;
)] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ s'g} ljefudf fVg] sfd . @= s'g} j:t'nfO{ qmda4 kdf fVg] sfd . c
lekf]if0f gf) [;+)] csf{n] u]sf sfddf :jLs[lt lbP lgZro ug]{ sfd ;dy{g jf ;b ug]{ sfd
. > clekf]if0fLo lj) clekf]if0f ug{ nfos :jLs[t x'g of]Uo k'li6 ulg of]Uo ;b jf ;dy
g ug{ nfos . clek|fo gf) [;+)] != eGg jf cYof{pg vf]lhPsf s'fsf] ;f cfzo dtna tfTko{
@= p2]Zo nIo . #= ljrf . $= clenfiff OR5f . %= ;Ddlt fo . ^= ;fb[Zoaf6 c;Dej s'fsf]
Nkgf ulg] gf6ssf] Pp6f nIf0f . clek|t ] lj) [;+)] != vf; p2]Zo flvPsf] cfGtls OR5f u
lPsf] rfx]sf] clenlift jfl~5t . gf) @= ;Ddlt :jLs[lt . clek| ] 0ff gf) [;+)] s'g} lj
jf j:t'kl| t ljz]if kdf Wofgfsif{0f ufpg] sfd . cleeft gf) [;+) cflejo{ ] x]) P]efFt
. cleeff gf) [;+)] s'g} sfdsf] lhDd]jfL hjfkmb]xL pQbfloTj . cleefjs lj) [;+)] != k
kf]if0f ug]{ x]ljrf ug]{ ;+Ifs . @= 5fq5fqfsf] lhDdf lng] jf lhDd]bfL jxg ug]{ . #= j
df kfg]{ . $= lhTg] kfho ug]{ . gf) %= afa'cfdf jf ;+/Ifs JolQm . cleefjg gf) [;+)]
!= kfngkf]if0f ug]]{ sfd x]ljrf ;+If0f . @= lhTg] jf ljho k|fKt ug]{ sfd . #= cleefj
sn] ug]{ sfd . cleefif0f gf) [;+)] != w]} dflg; hDdf ePsf 7fpFdf s'g} ljifonfO{ ln
P ulPsf] ljQfk"0f{ efif0f jSt[tf JofVofg . @= d'2fsf] 5nkmn x'Fbf jlsnn] u]sf] ax; j
t . clee"t lj) [;+)] != xfOPsf] lhltPsf] kflht . @= b'Mlvt kLl8t . #= st} tflgPsf] c
df NofOPsf] jzLe"t .
62

$= s'g} s'f jf ljrfn] ;tfOPsf] s'g} s'f jf ljrf afaf dgdf cfOx]sf] . cledt lj) [;+
R5f Pj+ clenfiff flvPsf] rfx]sf] ?lr lnOPsf] jfl~5t . @= Koff] lk|o . #= ;Ddt :jLs[t
gf) $= OR5f clenfiff . %= ljrf fo . cledGq0fcledGq0ff gf) [;+)] != dGq0ffff ;+:sf
of . @= lgDtf] lgdGq0f cfdGq0f . cledlGqt lj) [;+)] != dGqff ;+:sf ulPsf] . @= af]nf
f] cfdlGqt lgdlGqt . cledGo' gf) [;+)] ;'eb|fsf] sf]vaf6 hGd]sf sf}jsf] rqmJo"x tf]8
\g], dxfeftk|l;4 ch'{gsf jL 5f]f . cledfg gf) [;+)] != cfgf] dfg, k|lti7f, ;Qf cflbsf
] sNkgf jf 1fg . @= dfg, k|lti7f, of]Uotf cflbsf ;DaGwdf dgdf x'g] k|foM cg'lrt
wf0ff ;]vL 3dG8 t'hs ' cxdTofO{F cx
\sf . #= cfk"mn] cfkm}FnfO{ 7"nf] ;Dem] csf c
F nfpg] sfd cfTdZnf3f cfTdk|z+;f . > cledfgL lj) != cledfg ug]{ ;]vL ug]{ 3dG8L . @=
cfgf] k|z+;f cfkm}F ug]{ cfTdZnf3L . cled'v lj) [;+)] != ;fd'Gg] kms]s { f] ;Dd'vdf
kg]{ k|f
\dv ' . @= k"j{lt kms]{sf] . gf) of]) #= ;fd'Gg] d'v]GhL glhs . cled'vL gf)[
+)] != af}4 wd{cg';f bze"ld qof]bz e"ldsf] 5}6f}F e"ld . lj) @= cled'v ePsf] ;fd'Gg
] jf cufl8 kms]s { f] cled'v . #= of]hgfTds kn] s'g} ljifodf ljz]if hfgsfL ufOPsf] .
s0f gf) != cl3 ;fg]{ sfd ;fd'Gg] fVg] sfd k|f\d'vLs0f . @= s'g} cg'zf;g, zf:q jf
tdf gofF dt, k|ljlw jf lzNknfO{ k|:t't ug]{ sfo{ . #= ;fd"lxs kn] x]sf lzIffyL{xnfO
{ ljz]if1xff s'g} vf;vf; ljifodf ljz]if hfgsfL lbg] jf To;sf] k|fljlws kIfdf ulg] lzI
0f k|lzIf0f tflnd . cleoGtf gf) [;+)] OlGhlgo . cleoGq0f gf) [;+)] != cleoGtf jf OlGh
lgosf] sfd . @= oGq jf oflGqsL ljBf OlGhlgol . cleofrg gf) [;+)] cfgf] Oi6l;l4 jf k|f
Ktsf nflu s;}l;t k|fy{gf ug]{ sfd dfUg] sfd dfu . cleofg gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljlzi6 s
fo{, lglZrt p2]Zo jf nIo k|fKt ug{ k|foM ;fd"lxs kdf ul/g] k|of; . @= o'4sf nflu
ulg] ;}lgs ofqf ;]gfff ulg] r9fO cfqmd0f wfjf #= kxf8kj{t cflbdf r9\g] sfd cff]x0f
lhs cfpg] jf hfg] sfd . cleo'Qm lj) [;+)] != cleof]u nfu]sf] bf]if nfu]sf] aft nfu]
sf] . @= s'g} sfddf nfu]sf] sfddf Jo:t x]sf] . #= 1fgL ljfg\ . cleof]Qmf lj [;+)] !=
s;}sf pk cleof]u nufpg] jf

63

cleof]uclez"Go clejfbs lj) [;+)] clejfbg ug]{ ;Ddfgk"js { k|0ffd ug]{ ljgok"js { gd:
sf ug]{ . clejfbg gf) [;+)] != 9f]u gd:sf k|0ffd . @= 7"nfa8f jf ;DdfggLo JolQmxnfO{
lg] cfbefj . #= z'esfdgf awfO{ . $= k|z+;f :t'lt . clej[lQ gf) [;+)] != cfGtls ljrf
wf0ff . @= s'g} j:t'k|ltsf] dfgl;s b[li6sf]0f . clej[l4 gf) [;+)] != tNnf] txaf6 d
flyNnf] txdf j[l[ 4 x'g] sfd . @= yf]}af6 w]} x'g] l:ylt . #= pGglt al9a9fp . $= ;fd
fGo cj:yfaf6 ljz]if cj:yfdf k'Ug] k|lqmof . cleJoQm lj) [;+)] fd|L JoQm ulPsf] fd|f];
u k|s6 ulPsf] cleJolQm lbOPsf] . cleJolQm gf) [;+)] != ljifoj:t'sf] cg'e"lt jf x[bo
df knfPsf] efjgf k|s6 ug]{ lqmof . @= zAb,r]i6f cflbff dgsf] efj jf ljrfnfO{ JoQm u
lg] lqmof . jfb gf) ;sf] pTklQ e'lQm cflb geP cleJolQm x'G5 eGg] ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qsf
] l;4fGt . cleJo~hs lj) [;+)] != dgsf] efj jf ljrf k|s6 ug]{ k|sflzt ug]{ JoQm ug]{
. @= zAb jfSo cflbff cfGtls cy{sf] cleJo~hgf ug]{ . cleJo~hg gf) [;+)] cfgf] dgsf] lj
f jf efj ;f]emf] 9\un] JoQm guL 3'dfP JoQm ulg] jf elgg] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . cleJo~h
gf gf) [;+)] != s'g} zAb jf jfSoff s'g} s'f] ;f]emf] ;n 9\un] k|s6 guL Jo\UofTds
fTds kn] JoQm ug]{ efj, u'0f,k|lqmof jf cj:yf . @= ljifoj:t'sf] x[bodf k]sf]] snfT
ds 5fk jf k|efj . jfb gf) s'g} klg sljtf jf snf slj jf snfsfsf] aflxL j:t'hut\eGbf
cGtd{gsf cj:yfsf] k|:k'm6g xf] eGg] l;4fGt snf cleJo~hgfnfO{ cleGg dfGg] cleJo~hg
fnfO{ ;xhfg' e " l t dfGg] dt jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) cleJo~hgfjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ cleJ
o~hgfjfbsf] cg'ofoL . cleJoflKt gf) [;+)] ;a}lt km}lng] jf 9flsg] l:ylt ;j{Jofkstf
. clez\sf gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljifo jf j:t'kl| tsf] ;Gb]x z\sf cljZjf; . @= 8 eo qf;
cff]k cleof]u . clezKt lj) [;+)] a];L ;flkPsf] ;fk lbOPsf] ;fKg] sfd ulPsf] zflk
f) [;+)] != s'lgotk"j{s ulPsf] ufnL ;fk zfk . @= kmQ' bf]if km]a cff]k . #= aft
Go gf) [;+)] != cbfntn] u]sf lg0f{onfO{ 2 ug]{ lqmof . @= dgdf s'g} lsl;dsf] lrGtf,
tfk cflb glng] lsl;d . > clez"GoLs[t lj) cbfntn] u]sf] lg0f{o 2

ckfwsf] bf]ifff]k0f ug]{ jfbL . @= zq' j}L . cleof]u gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ nufOg] ckf
] bf]ifff]k0f kmQ' cff]k bf]if km]a . @= o'4sf lglDt ulg] r9fO cfqmd0f . #= pBf]u
~ kq gf) s;}nfO{ ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 s'g} cleof]u nufO{ lbOPsf] jf n]lvPsf] hgfpk
q . > cleof]ufwLg lj) cbfntdf cleof]u;DaGwL sfafO{ rlnx]sf] bf]if jf cleof]usf] lg0f
{o eOg;s]sf] . cleof]uL lj) cleof]u nufpg] bf]ifff]k0f ug]{ jfbL . @= cleof]u nfu]sf
] bf]ifff]k0f ulPsf] . cleof]hg gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] of]hgf agfpg] sfo{ . @= s;}sf pk k
mf}hbfL dfldnf rnfpg] lqmof . clefd lj) [;+)] clt fd|f] Hofb} ;'Gb cToGt dgf]x . cl
f) [;+)] s'g} ljifo jf j:t'kl| t ePsf] tLj| ?lr rfx clenfiff OR5f . > cle?lrt lj) ;a
}af6 ?rfOg] Koff] ulg] -JolQm_ k|]d ulg] -dflg;_ k|]dL cf;s . clenlift lj) [;+)] OR
sf] rfx flvPsf] jfl~5t . clenfifclenfiff gf) [;+)] s'g} ljifo jf j:t'kl| tsf] tLj| rf
xgf OR5f jf~5f sfdgf . > clenfifL lj) clenfiff ug]{ OR5f ug]{ rfxgf fVg] sfdgf ug]{
elnlvt lj) [;+)] ljz]if kdf n]lvPsf] wft', lznf cflbdf vf]lkPsf] . clen]v gf) [;+)]
!= ;'gtfdfsf kftf jf 9'\uf cflbdf s'g} dxjsf] ljifo n]lvPsf] jf slkPsf] n]v ljljw dxj
sf ;fdu|L ePsf] k|frLg n]v . @= s'g} ljifosf] k|fdfl0fs n]v jf ls8{ k|fdfl0fs n]v n
]vf]6 . ~ cbfnt gf) d'2fsf clen]vx flvg] cbfnt . > clen]vg gf) != sfuh, kftf], wft',
kfiff0f cflbdf s'g} dxjk"0f{ s'f n]Vg] sfd clen]v jf ]s8{ fVg] sfd . @= n]v n]vf]6
', lznf cflbdf n]lvPsf] jf vf]lkPsf] ljifo . ~ ;\u|xfno gf) k|frLg x:tlnlvt u|Gy P
j+ k'ftfljs j:t'xsf] ;\u|x ulPsf] 3 . > clen]vfno gf) != clen]v flvg] 3 jf sf]7f
l;n hDdf u] flvg] cf ldl;nkmfF6 . clen]vL lj) [;+)] clen]v;DaGwL clen]vsf] . ~ k|fs
) czf]s, slgis, ?b|bfdg cflbsf clen]vxdf kfOPsf] k|fs[t efiff . clejQmf gf) [;+)]
!= jfbL k|ltjfbLsf kIfaf6 s'g} d'2fdfldnfsf ;DaGwdf clwsfk"js { af]Ng] JolQm (lKn
8) . @= clwjQmfeGbf tNnf] clwstf{eGbf pkNnf] txsf] jlsn . clejGbgclejGbgf gf) [;+)]
!= cfb Pjd\ ;Ddfgk"js { ulPsf] k|0ffd ljgok"j{ssf] gd:sf . @= :t'lt k|z+;f . > clejG
bgLoclejGB lj) clejGbgf ug{ nfos cfb tyf ;Ddfg ug'k { g]{ .

cle>'ltcEo:t ulPsf] jf vfnL ulPsf] . { fdL jf cle>'lt gf) [;+)] cklglxlt :j;Fu To;eGb
f k"ju kZrufdL :jsf] ;dLejg . clelifQm lj) [;+)] != cleif]s ulPsf] ;]rg ulPsf] . @= f
ofleif]s ulPsf] fhltns lbOPsf] . #= fhl;+xf;gdf a;fOPsf] . cleif]s gf) [;+)] !=kfgL 5
s{g] jf ;]rg ug]{ sfd l;~rg . @= :gfg ug]{ jf g'xfpg] sfd . #= ljlwk"js { dGq k9] f
hkbdf cf9 ufpg] sfd . $= o1sf ;dflKtkl5 cledlGqt hnn] :gfg ug]{ sfd . %= lzjln\udfl
y hnwffaf6 kfgL r'xfpg] sfd ?b|fleif]s . ^= f]uJoflwsf] lgjf0f jf zflGt d\unsf lglDt
dGq k9] s'z, k"mn cflbn] hn 5s{g] sfd . cleif]rg gf) [;+)] x]) cleif]s . > cleif]r
gLo lj) != cleif] r g ug{ nfos fHofleif] s ug{ of] U o . @= d\unsnzsf kfgLn] ;]rg u
g{ nfos . cle;f gf) [;+)] != ;}lgsn] u]sf] cfqmd0f xdnf . @= k|]dL jf k|]ldsf;Fu e]6
ug{sf lglDt ;\s]t ulPsf] jf k"jl{ glZrt 7fpFdf hfg] lqmof . > cle;f0f gf) != glhs
jf 5]pdf hfg] sfd . @= lk|o;Fu e]6\gfsf lglDt hfg] sfd ;\s]t:yndf hfg] sfd . cle;f
lsf gf) ;\st ] ulPsf] jf k"jl{ glZrt 7fpFdf k|d ] L;Fu e]6 ug{ hfg] gflosf . cle;fL
lj) != s'g} sfo{ cflbsf lgldQ ;xfos sfo{;fws . @= ;\s]t ulPsf] jf k"j{lglZrt 7fpFdf
e]6 ug{ hfg] . #= cfqmd0fsfL xdnf ug]{ . cle;"rs gf) [;+)] ljleGg s'f jf ljifosf] r
rf{ jf pNn]v sxfFsxfF ePsf] 5, tT;DaGwL ;|ft ] tyf ;\st ] x lbOPsf] s'g} ljifosf] j
0ff{gq ' mlds ;"rL . cle;"rgf gf) [;+)] s'g} cflwsfls kdf k|sflzt ePsf] ;"rgf clw;"r
gf . clex0f gf) [;+)] != glhs jf ;fd'Gg] Nofpg] sfd . @= xflh jf pkl:yt ufpg] sfd .
#= s'g} j:t' lnP efUg] cyjf x0f ug]{ sfd jf cj:yf . ~ clwkq gf) C0f, ef8f OToflbsf]
c;'nLsf lglDt Gofofnosf cfb]zaf6 s;}sf] hfobft, hldg cflb hkmt ug{ jf lnnfd ug{
nfO{ hfL ulPsf] cfb]zkq . clextf{ lj) [;+)] s'g} j:t' lnP efUg] rf] n'6]f 8fFsf .
f) [;+)] k|an OR5f tLj| clenfiff cltdgf]y . > ceLlK;t lj) k|an kdf OR5f ulPsf] Hofb
lenfiff flvPsf] Hofb} rfxgf ulPsf] jfl~5t . ceL? lj) [;+)] != g8fpg] lg8 . gf) @= l
#= e}j . $=o'4e"ld . ceLi6 lj) [;+)] != OR5f ulPsf] clenfiff flvPsf] clt
64

OlR5t . @= Hofb} dg k]sf] clt Koff] cToTg lk|o . ce'Qm lj) [;+)] != s]xL klg gvfPsf]
f]sf] . @= ef]urng gulPsf] Jojxfdf gNofOPsf] . ce'h lj) [;+)] xft gePsf] 8'F8f] . ce"
t lj) [;+)] != ;Qf gePsf] cgl:tTj . @= cgf}7f] ck"j{ . @= e"m6f] ldYof coyfy{ . k"j
lj) != klxn] slxNo} gePsf] ck"j{ . @= cgf}7f] cb\e't . ce"ld gf) [;+)] != e"ld jf h
Uufhldgafx]s cGo kbfy{ . @= pko'Qm gePsf] 7fpF cg'lrt 7fpF . #= ckfq s'kfq cof]Uo J
olQm . ce]s gf) [c e]s ] kfOs gkg]{ 7fpF af6f] gkg]{ 7fpF ckfxL sf]N6f] ce]u . > ce]ls
f] lj) kfOs gkg]{ ckfxL . ce]u! gf)x]) ce]s . > ce]lunf] lj) ce]lsnf] . ce]u@ gf) !=
ljjfx ug{ xtkt ePsL jf xtflPsL sGofsf] cj:yf . @= pd] k'u]sL sGof . ce]b lj) [;+)]
e]b gePsf] e]befjlxt cleGg . ~ ks gf) pkd]o pkdfgdf ce]b ;"lrt ug]{ ks . ce]B lj)
] != 5]8g \ gx'g] jf Kjfn kfg{ g;lsg] . @= efFRg gx'g] jf g;lsg] . ~ rfg gf) kfgL
l5g{ g;Sg] vfnsf] rfg vFlbnf] rfg . cef]u lj) [;+)] pkef]u gulPsf] rngdf gNofOPsf]
xf gulPsf] . > cef]uL lj) ef]u gug]{ TofuL ljQm . cef]Uo lj) ef]u ug{ gx'g] pkef]u
;lsg] jf gx'g] ef]u ug{ cof]Uo . cef]Ho lj) [;+)] vfg gx'g] vfg cof]Uo cvfB . cef}lt
s lj) [;+)] != ef}lts j:t';u F ;DaGw gePsf] . @= knf]s jf cWofTdhut\;Fu ;DaGw ePsf
] . cEo~hg gf) [;+)] cfFvfdf nufpg] ufhn c~hg ;'df{ . cEoGt gf) [;+)] != leqL dg . @=
dfem aLr dWo . #= u'Kt s'f u'Kt x:o u'Kt syf . cEor{gcEor{gf gf) [;+)] != k"hf jf
ug]{ efj jf cj:yf k"hg cr{gf . @= ;hfj6 z[\uf . #= cfb ;Ddfg . cEoy{gf gf) [;+)] !
y{gf laGtL lgj]bg . @= p7] ljgok"js { k|fy{gf ug]{ sfd . #= s'g} ljlzi6 JolQml;t s'
g} sfo{ljz]ifsf lglDt ulg] gd|tfk"js { sf] k|fy{gf . > cEoy{gLo lj) != k|fy{gf ulg
] laGtL la;fOg] . @= p7] ljgok"js { :jfut jf ;Tsf ulg] . cEoyL{ lj) [;+)] != k|fy{gf
ug]{ k|fyL{ . @= s'g} s'f dfUg] ofrs . cEol;t lj) [;+)] != cEof; ulPsf] k|of]u ug{ hf
gPsf] . @= k9]sf] 3f]ss ] f] kl7t cEo:t . cEo:t lj) [;+)] != cEof; u]sf] kmt u]sf]
t

65

cEofutcdn]v lgdf{tf . @= ljqmdL pGgfO;f}F ztfAbLdf yfkfs'ndf ePsf g]kfnsf Ps k|l;

4 JolQm . > cdf\ugf gf) != cK;f :ju{sL j]Zof . @= b]jtfsL :qL b]jf\ugf . cdflwk gf
f fhf OGb| . @= O{Zj . cdfjtL gf) b]jtfsf fhf OGb|sf] fhwfgL OGb|k'L :ju{ cdk'
b]j:qL b]jL b]jf\ugf . @= OGb|sf] fhwfgL cdfjtL . cdTo{ lj) [;+)] != cljgfzL gdg]{
'g] b}jL . gf) @=slxNo} gdg]{ hflt b]jtf . cdof{bf gf) [;+)] != cg'zf;g, dfg, ;Ddfg
cflbsf] cefj cg'zf;gxLgtf . @=ceb|tf dgkL . > cdof{lbt lj) cdof{bf ePsf] cdof{bf ul
sf] . cdn! lj) [;+)] != dn gePsf] lgd{n :jR5 . @= lgbf]i { f lgisn\s lgikfk . #= ;fFr
] ;Rrf ;To . $= z'4 kljq . cdn@ gf) [;+) c\un ' ] Ps cf}Fnfsf] gfkf] c\u'n . cdn# g
)] != ;'tL{ ufFhf clkmd cflb nfu" j:t' dfbs kbfy{ gzf cDdn . @= nt afgL cfbt . #= df
sf] Onfsf lhNnf xftf . $= clwsf zf;g . %= Jojxf . ^= ljho . > cdnrL lj) gzf ;]jg ug]
cfbt ePsf] dfbs kbfy{ vfg] cfbt a;]sf] cDdnL gzfafh . afh lj) cdnrL cdnL . cdntf;
[;+)] ;fgf;fgf kft x'g], 7"nf rlDsnf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] demf}nf vfnsf] j[Ifljz]
if fhj[If . cdnt'g ' gf) [;+) c\u'lnqf0f ] bdfO{F jf ;'hLsfn] n'uf l;pg l;of] 3r]6\bf
cf}Fnfdf 3fp gnfuf];\ ;lhnf] klg xf];\ egL cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkfdf 6f]kLh:tf] x'g] uL n
ufpg] 5fnfsf], wft'sf] jf sk8faf6} agfOPsf] ;fwg cDtg'{ nSv' . cdnbf gf) [c) cdn bf ]
'a]bfeGbf tn xjnbfeGbf dflysf] Ps h\uL bhf{ . cdnlkQ gf) [;+) cDnlkQ ] lkQsf bf]ifn]
ubf{ vfPsf] j:t' cldnf] x'g] f]uljz]if lkQ jdg x'g] f]u cDnlkQ . cdnf gf [;+) cfdns]
!= cldnLsf h:tf dl;gf kft x'g] uf]nfsf kmn kmNg] af]6ljz]if . @= To;}sf] kmn cfdn
s . ~ emf gf) ;;fgf kftdf e'm; ePsf], kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] rf}8f sf];fbf kmn nfUg]
af]6ljz]if . ~ \u gf) cdnfsf kmnsf] h:tf] xNsf tyf lkmSsf xlof] . cdnL lj) [c) cdn
cdnsf kdf gzfbf j:t'xsf] ;]jg ug]{ nfu" kbfy{ vfg] gzfafh cdnrL cDdnL . cdn]v gf)
ceon]v < ] slofxnfO{ kf jf :jtGq ullbg] sfd sdffsdfLsf] 5'6sff bf;Tjdf]rg . uGh
fnsf] gffo0fL c~rncGtu{t aff lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps a:tL @= cdn]v ulPsf JolQmxsf lglDt a;fO
Psf] a:tL #= k|frLg ;dosf] leIffvf]L .

u]sf] . @= bIf lgk'0f k|jL0f . cEofut gf) [;+)] != 3df jf; a:g] uL cfPsf] ;Tsfof]Uo
Qm cltly kfx'gf . lj) @= e]6 ug{ cfPsf] cufl8 cfPsf] . cEofj]bg gf) [;+)] b'O{ ;sfsf
fbljjfbdf k7fOg] gd|tfk"j{ssf] n]v jf lr7L . cEof; gf) [;+)] != s'g} kf7 ljifodf l
gGt bf]xf]ofO{ t]xofO{ k"0f{ 1fg k|fKt ug]{ sfd kmt . @= s'g} sfo{sf] Jofjxfls kIfl
if kdf afDaf ulg] ldlxg]t . d"ns lj) cEof; ug'k { g]{ v"a ldlxg]t;Fu Jojxfdf Nofpg
. > cEof;L lj) cEof; ug]{ ldlxg]t ug]{ kmt ug]{ 3f]Sg] . cEo'lQm gf) [;+)] != cfnf]
gf jf Jo\Uosf 9fFrfdf atfOPsf] s'g} s'f . @= s;}sf ljifo jf ;DaGwdf elgPsf] plQm 6L
sf . cEo'Tyfg gf) [;+)] != kbf]Gglt pbo al9a9fp . @= s'g} ;ef cflbdf ljzi6 JolQm cf
pFbf ;Ddfgsf lglDt cf;g 5f8] p7\g] sfd . cEo'bo gf) [;+)] != pGglt ;d'Gglt ;d[l4 al9a
9fp . @= pbo pTklQ . cEo'Ggt lj) [;+)] pGglt ePsf] p7]sf] . > cEo'Gglt gf) != ;d'Gg
lt kbf]Gglt ;d[l4 . ce|sce|v gf) [;+)] cfufn] ghNg] kfbzL{ kq]bf vlgh kbfy{ljz]if
. cd\un gf) [;+)] != d\un jf sNof0fsf] cefj csNof0f cz'e laR5's s'nlR5g ckzs'g . lj
d\un gePsf] laR5'sL cnlR5gL . sfL lj) s;}sf] sNof0f gug]{ lxt gug]{ clxtsfL . cdr
) cDr'/ . cdg! gf) [c dg ] s'g} j:t' vfg] OR5f gx'g] l:ylt vfg dg gnfUg] jf 5'bb \ ]
gx'g] l:ylt c?lr . cdg@ gf) [c)] zflGt ;'v r}g . r}g gf) zflGt ;'v ;'v zflGt .
j) [;+)] !=dg jf lrQ 7Ls gePsf] ljdg:s . @= pbf; . #= ljj]szlQmxLg . $= ls+st{Jol
jd"9 . cd lj) [;+)] != slxNo} gdg]{ ;w}F afFlrxg] . gf) @= b]jtf . #= kff] . $= ;'j0f
{ ;'g . sf]z gf) cdl;+x gfpFsf JolQmn] kBdf agfPsf] ;+:s[tsf] kof{ojfrL zAbsf]z . t
f gf) != cd x'gfsf] efj slxNo} gdg]{ l:ylt cljgflztf . @= lrhLjg . #= b]jTj cdTj . ~
gf) b]jtfsf] kb b]jkb b]jkb k|fKt ug]{ l:ylt df]If d'lQm . ~ kbjL gf) cdsf] kb jf kbj
b]jTj . jNnL gf) cfsfzjNnL . ~ l;+x gf) != cdsf]zsf

cdfcd'Qm cdf gf) [;+)] != rGb| ;"o{ Ps} gIfqdf ;Fu} a:g] lbg cf}F;L cdfjf:of . @= cf
}F;Lsf] snf . #= 3 ejg zfnf . $= dTo{nf]s . cdfTo gf) [;+)] != ;w}F fhfsf ;fydf xL f
h rnfpg d2t ug]{ k|d'v JolQm dGqL . @= g]jf;d'bfosf] Ps y . cdfg lj) [;+)] != dfg ge
Psf] ck|ltli7t . @= kldf0flxt c;Ld . cdfgs lj) dfgs gePsf] . > cdfgsLs[t lj) lgdf{0f,
;~rfng cflb sfo{sf nflu s'g} ;'lglZrt k|lqmof gcFuflnPsf] (kLIf0f) dfgsLs[t gePsf]
. cdfgt gf) [c)] != ;sf jf xsbfaf6} rn]sf] sdsnd To:tf] sdsnd rnfpg] sfd . @= wf]6
wtf] fVg] sfd yftL lhDdf . > cdfgtL lj) != wf}6 jf gf;f] flvPsf] . @= 7]Ssfkfaf6 gr
{ cfkm}Faf6 rnfOPsf] . cdfgj lj) [;+)] != dfG5] eGg gldNg] . gf) @= kz' . #= fIf;
. $= dfgj]Q/ hLj . > cdfgjL lj) dfgj;Fu ;DaGw gePsf] dfgj]t k|f0fL;DaGwL cdfgj . cd
fgjLo lj) [;+)] != dflg;n] ug{ g;Sg], gx'g] jf g;'xfpg] . @= bfgjLo cf;'L . tf gf)
dflg;nfO{ plrt gx'g] tyf g;'xfpg] u'0f jf Jojxf . cdfgL lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] x'F eGg
] cledfg gePsf] dfg gvf]Hg] ljgLt gd| . @= dfg gePsf] ck|ltli7t . cdfg'if lj) [;+)] !
= dg'ioaf6 x'g g;Sg] cnf}lss . gf) @= dg'iob]lv cltlQm k|f0fL . # sk"t s'hft gLr Jol
Qm . > cdfg'lifs lj) != cdfgjLo . @= cnf}lss . cdfg'ifL lj) cdfg'lifs . cdfGo lj)
[;+)] != dfGg jf dfg ug{ cof]Uo dfGg' gkg]{ . @= c:jLsfo{ . cdff] gf) [;+)cfd|ft ]
!= ;lnkmfsf h:tf kft nfUg], nK;Lsf h:tf cldnf kmn kmNg] ;;fgf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg]
Ps af]6 . @= To;}sf] kmn cfd|ft . > cdf] lj) cdffsf] h:tf] :jfb ePsf] cyjf cldnf] u
'lnof] :jfb ePsf] . cdflh{t lj) [;+)] ;kmf gulPsf] cklis[t gdflemPsf] . cdfn gf) [c)
dn ] klxn]klxn] ufpF3sf] d'2fdfldnf x]g]{ ;sfL ltf] p7fpg] cf . > cdfnL gf) cdfn c
'Vo xflsd f] . cdfj:ofcdfjf:of gf) [;+)] cf}; F L cdf . cldt lj) [;+)] != ;Ldf gePsf
Lldt cklldt . @= cTolws w]} . > cldtfe gf) k~ra'4dWo] Ps kf08'fsf klt kkfl0fsf lk
r}Tosf] klZrddf :yfkgf ulg] b]jtf . lj) #= c;Lldt cfef jf sflGt ePsf] sflGtjfg\ t]
h:jL t]h gllQg] . cldq gf) [;+)] ldq gePsf] JolQm leGg JolQm zq' j}L .
66

tf gf) cldq x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt zq'tf . cldg lj) [c) cdLg ] != cdfgt fVg] . gf) @=
hUufhldgsf] gfkhfFr ug]{ jf ;f] sfddf vl6Psf] sd{rfL . > cldgL gf) != cl3sf] dw];
tfO{sf] tNnf txsf] cbfnt . @= hUufhldgxsf] gfkhfFr;DaGwL sfd ug]{ sfdbf . ~ uf]:jff g
f) df]km;nsf cldgL cfxsf sfutkqx xg] cf . cld lj) [c) cdL] != Hofb} wgL wgf9 ;Dk
OHhtbf enfbdL . #= gf) wgLdfgL . > cldL gf) != wgLkgf wgf9kg . @= uxlsnf]kg . #= enf
dLkgf . cldlng' c) lqm) [cldnf] O g' ] != s'g} j:t' ljs[t eP cldnf] x'g' . @= dgdf 7"nf
] kL kg'{ lrlGtt x'g' . cldnL gf) [cldnf] O{ ] != ;fgf dl;gf kft x'g] nfdf sf];fbf cl
nf] kmn kmNg] 7"nf] hfts]f v To;}sf] kmn ltqL . @= ;fgf tLgrf];] cfsfsf kft x'g] dl;
gf cldnf sf];f kmNg] Ps hftsf] emf rLcldnf] . ~ 3f; gf) ftf]
sf] v08fsf k"mn k'mNg
tsf] 3fF; . cldn'jf lj) [cldn\pjf ] ldng;f gePsf] a]d]nsf] cldNbf] . cldn] gf) [cldn
] rLcldnf] . cldnf] gf) [;+) cDnOnf] ] != lga'jf, sfutL, ;
\vqf], laldf] cflbsf ;sf] h
tf] :jfb . @= r's RjfF7 cldnf] kbfy{ . lj) #= r'ssf :jfbsf] cldNr's] . ~ kfn'
u \ f] g
f) cldnf] :jfb x'g] Ps hftsf] kfn'
\uf] . ~ n'8 ] gf) cldnf] :jfb x'g] Ps hftsf] n
'F8] . > cldNr's] lj) s'g} j:t' ljs[t eP clncln cldnf] ePsf] cldNRofxf . cldNrf]cld
NRofcldNRofxf lj) clncln cldnf] yf]} cldnf] . cldNbf] lj) [cldNbf] ] s;}l;t klg ldNg
:jefj gePsf] ldng;f gePsf] a]d]nsf] c8\af
\u] . cldNofO gf) [ cldln (ofO ) ] cldlng
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cldNofOg' s) lqm) cldlng] kflg' cldnf] kflg' . cldNofpg'
k|) ] lqm) [cldlnofpg' ] != cldlng] kfg'{ cldnf] t'Nofpg' . cldN;f]cldN:ofcldN:ofxf l
) [cldnf];f]:of:ofxf] x]) cldNrf] . cldl>t lj) [;+)] != s'g} klg rLh gldl;Psf] ld;fj6
gePsf] . @= z'4 rf]vf] . cd's ;j{) [;+)] != kmnfgf] l9:sfgf] . lj) @= vf; . #= tf
]lsPsf] . sflns lj) s'g} vf; ;dodf s]lGb|t ;dsflns Pssflns . cd'Qm lj) [;+)] != d'Qm
gePsf] afFlwPsf] . @= ktGq

67

cd'VocDa' gf) #= df]Ifsf] cefj . cdf]3 lj) [;+)] != v] ghfg] gr'Sg] cr"s cJoy{ . gf)
= lji0f' . ~ ls0f gf) pbo c:t x'g] a]nfsf] ;"ol{ s0f . ~ jfl~5t lj) slxNo} lgfz gx'g
cfzfjfbL . ~ l;l4 gf) k~rWofgL a'4dWo] Ps r}Tosf pQL efudf flvg] b]jtf tffsf klt ljZ
f0fLsf lktf . cdf]6 gf)x]) cdf]7 . cdf]7 gf) [;+) cfd| cf]7 ] kfs]sf cfFksf] u'bL ;'
sfP agfOPsf] df8f cfFksf] df8f cDd6 cdf]6 . cdf]n lj) [;+)] != df]n gePsf] cgdf]n, cd
No . @= w]} df]n kg]{ ax'd"No lsDdtL . cdf}lns lj) [;+)] !=d"nl;t ;DaGw gePsf] df}lns
gePsf] . @= csf{sf s[lt jf ljrfwff;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] . #= csf] ;flPsf], cg';0f ulPsf]
ptflPsf] . cDvf]f gf) [c) cfavf] < lu|) cDkmf]lo] la6 kmsL{ d'v s]xL ;fgf] ePsf] k]6
'ms]sf], kfgL vfg] efF8f] cfDvf]f . > cDvf]L gf) cln ;fgf] lsl;dsf] cDvf]f . cDr' g
[k|f) cDdr' < ;+) cfd|r"0f{ ] sfFrf] cfFksf] ;'s]sf rfgf s'6] agfOPsf] w"nf] sfFrf]
cfFksf 6'qmfsf] ;'s'6L cdr' . cDtg' { gf) [cdnt'g' < ;+) c\u'lnqf0f] ;'hLsfn] n'uf l
;pFbf wfuf] cD6fg{ l;of] 3r]6\bf cf}Fnfdf 3fp gnfuf];\ cf}F6fg{ ;lhnf] xf];\ egL
vf; uL dfemL cf}{Fnfsf 6'Kkfdf 6f]kLh:tf] uL nufpg] 5fnf, wft' jf sk8fsf] cf}F7Ls
f cfsfsf] ;fwg cdnt'g' nSv' . cDa gf) [;+)] != afa' lktf . @= j]bWjlg . #= cfFvf . $=
kfgL . > cDas gf) != cfFvf . @= afa' cDa . cDas gf) [;+) cfd| s ] cDaf jf a]nf}tL (
kmn) . > cDas] gf) != cDaf;Fu ldNg] t v';f{gLsf hqf kmn nfUg] Ps h\unL jg:klt . lj
) @= cDassf] h:tf] . #= cDas vfP jf a]r] hLljsf ug]{ . cDa gf) [;+)] != csf; cfsfz .
@= n'uf j:q . #= ;'ulGwt b|Joljz]if . ~ ky gf) cfsfz dfu{ . cDan gf) [c) cdn ] Onfs
f cdn . cDaf! gf) [;+)] != cfdf dftf . @= b'uf{ . #= dxfeftdf eLidnfO{ dfg{ csf]{ hG
ddf lzv08L eP hGdg] k|l;4 :qL . cDaf@ gf) [;+) cfd|s ] nfDrf v;|f kft x'g], d;nfsf
] h:tf] kftnf] clg lrNnf] af]qmf] x'g] ;f] af]qmf] km]lOxg], ftf] k'm;|f] sf7 x'g],
kfStf w]} laofFsf ;fy kx]Fnf kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn a]nf}tL ntfd . clDas
f gf) [;+)] != cfdf dftf hggL . @= kfj{tL uf}L . cDa' gf) [;+)] kfgL hn . > cDa'h
= kfgLdf pd|g]

kjz . > cd'lQm gf) != d'Qm gePsf] l:ylt aGwgdf k]sf] cj:yf ktGqtf kfwLgtf . @= bf;
Tj . cd'Vo lj) [;+)] d'Vo gePsf] ck|wfg uf}0f . cd'Uw lj) [;+)] != d'Uw gePsf] cgf;Qm
. @= rt'f] l;kfn' . cd"t { lj) [;+)] != d"lt{ gePsf] k gePsf] cfsf gePsf] OlGb|oaf
ej ug{ g;lsg] lgfsf . gf) @= kd]Zj . #= cfTdf . $=sfn . %= cfsfz . ^= jfo' . ~ efjgf
gf) 5}6f}F OlGb|osf] cg'e"ltsf] cleJolQm jf :yfkgf . ~ k gf) rIf'llGb|on] gb]lvg],
t dgn] dfq yfxf kfOg] k . ~ jfb gf) cGth{ut\sf] cd"t{ lrGtg ulPsf] Ps lsl;dsf] bz{g
cfTdjfb z"Gojfb . > cd"lt{ lj) != d"lt{ gePsf] cfsflxt . gf) @= lji0f' . cd"n lj) [;
)] != d"n gePsf] lgd"n { . @= k|df0f gePsf] lgfwf ck|fdfl0fs . #= ldYof e|fds . $= h
ePsf] . > cd"ns lj) != d"n jf h8 gePsf] cd"n . @= lgfwf . #= ldYof h8 . cd"No lj) [;
)] != df]n ug{ g;lsg] cgdf]n . @= ax'dN " o lsDdtL . #= pQd >]i7 . cd[t lj) [;+)] !=
gd]sf] lhpFbf] . @= cdTj lbg] gdg]{ cd . #= clt dL7f] . $= Koff] ceLi6 . gf) %= vf
d x'g] kbfy{ ;'wf kLo"if . ^= kfgL . &= l3p b"w . s gf) != rGb|df . @= j}B . ~ ue{
hLjfTdf ka|Xd . t\lu0fL gf) != h"g . @= gbL . ~ kfgL gf) laxfga]n'sL wfgsf afnfsf 6
fdf xg] kfgL . ~ kmn gf) != gf:kftL . @= ;'Gtnf . ~ lZd gf) cd[t;dfgsf ls0f x'g] u|x
Gb|df . jfg nfxfsf] f]ug nufOPsf], df6fsf] efF8f] l3p, t]n, crf cflb xfNg] df6fsf] e
fF8f] . ~ jfo' gf) k|f0fjfo' clS;hg . ;|jf gf) kfgLnxf] . > cd[tf+z' gf) rGb|df . c
[To' lj) [;+)] != gdg]{ cd . gf) @= gdg]{ l:ylt cdtf . cd]hg gf) [c\)] blIf0f cd]ls
Psf], ;+;fdf ;aeGbf 7"nf] gbL . cd]lsg lj) [c\)] cd]lsfnL . cd]lsf gf) [c\)] != k[Y
klZrdL uf]nfw{df pQL w|'jk|b]zb]lv blIf0fL w|'jk|b]z;Dd km}lnPsf b'O{ dxfLk . @=
pQL cd]lsfsf] Ps ;+o'Qm fHo . > cd]lsfnL lj) != cd]lsfsf] cd]lsf;DaGwL . @= cd]ls
. gf) #= cd]lsfsf] dfG5] . cd]lsL lj) cd]lsfnL . cd]n gf) [c d]n ] != a]dn ] k'm6
o . lj) @= k'mf l;nl;nf gldn]sf] c;Da4 . cdf]If lj) [;+)] != df]If gePsf] cd'Qm . @=
k|ltalGwt .

cDa]csRr jf k}bf x'g] . gf) @= sdn . #= sk" . $= z\v . cDa] lj) [cDaf P] != cDafh:tf]
af;DaGwL . @= cDaf xfNg] jf af]Sg] . ~ 8f]sf] gf) cDaf xfn] af]Sg x'g] vfnsf] ;;f
gf] 8f]sf] . cDe gf) [c) cdn] lhDdf cleeff . cDd gf) [;+) cd] != k|lt1f sa'n . lj)
. cDdn gf) [cdn] cdn gzf . > cDdnL lj) cdnL . cld|;f] gf) [;+) cj[If] afF;sf h:tf t
7"nf nfdf kft, v}f e'ml;nf e'mKkfbf k"mn k'mNg] dl;gf Hjfg'h:tf u]8f nfUg] ljz]if
uL ;'Svf 7fpF eLkxf cflbdf x'g] Ps hftsf] 3fF; vsf] Ps hflt clDn;f] . clDn;f] gf)x
d|;f] . cd|] lj) [cd|f] P] != cd|f]h:tf] cd|f];DaGwL . @= ev{sf] n}g" . ~ u'x' gf) hG
g]lalQs} aRrfn] xu]sf] u'x' uef{j:yfb]lv k]6df x]sf] hGd]kl5 xu] lgsfn]sf] u'x' . ~
b"w gf) aRrf] k}bf x'ge ' Gbf klxn] g} kmfFrfdf elPsf] b"w lauf}t] b"w . cd|f ] gf
) [;+) c\s' ] hgfj/af6 aRrf k}bf x'Fbf ;fydf cfpg] ;fngfn . cDn lj) [;+)] != cldnf]
. gf) @= if8\;dWo] Ps ; cldnf] :jfb . hg gf) k|f0fLsf lglDt cfjZos jfo'tj . lkQ
dnlkQ . cDnfg lj) [;+)] != gcf]OnfPsf] rfpL gk]sf] Dnfg gePsf] . @= k'mn]sf] k|k'mNn
#= pbf; gePsf] k|;Gg . $= :jR5 ;fkm . cDn]6 gf) [c\)] s'v'f cflbsf] k'mn lkm6] d;nf
ofh cflbsf 6'qmf ldnfO{ jf gldnfO{sg} agfOPsf] f]6Lh:tf] vfg]s ' f] . coTg lj) [;+)
] != oTg ug{ gkg]{ k|of; ug{ gkg]{ . gf) @= oTgsf] cefj k|oTgxLgtf . lqm) lj) #= o
Tgljgf g} . coyfy{ lj) [;+)] oyfy{ jf ;To gePsf] e"m6f] ldYof . tf gf) coyfy{ x'gfsf
] efj jf l:ylt c;Totf . > coyfYo{ gf) != oyfy{tfsf] cefj c;Totf . @= c;\ult c;+nUgtf
. cog gf) [;+)] != lxF8fO ult . @= af6f] dfu{ . #= ;"o{sf] pQL blIf0fL ult . $= cf>
o 3 . %= sfn ;do . ^= sNrf}F8f] kmfFrf] . &= c\u'n Pj+ dfqfsf] 5 u'gfafasf] gfk . *=
b, c\u jf ;afasf] gfk . ~ j[Q gf) u|x0f]vf . ~ ;\qmflGt gf) ;"os { f] blIf0fult p
cfDe x'g] df3] ;\qmflGt ;fpg] ;\qmflGt . colGqt lj) [;+)] lgoGq0fdf gx]sf] lgoGq0f
g;lsg] dgdfgL ug]{ pR5[v \ n. coz gf) [;+)] != ckoz cksLlt{ . @= lgGbf lt:sf .

68 > coz:jL lj) sLlt{ gePsf] oz gePsf] Voflt gePsf] . co; gf) [c) P]z ] df]hdHhf ef]
uljnf; P]; cffd r}g . > co;L lj) co; ug]{ P];L . coflrt lj) [;+)] != gdfluPsf] df
sf] . @= cfkm}F

k|fKt ePsf] . cofn gf) [t') ofn ] 3f]8f, l;+x cflbsf ub{gsf nfdfnfdf f}F ofn . co' l
j) af]) PSsfl; cfZro{, lj:do, eo cflb hgfpFbf k|of]u x'g] zAb . (pbf) co', ;k{ b]
v] d t 8n] e't'Ss} ePF ) co'Qm lj) [;+)] != ghf]ltPsf] gbfOPsf] . @= gldn]sf] ghf]l8P
f] . #= cof]Uo cg'lrt . > co'lQm gf) o'lQm;\ut gePsf] cjl:ylt a]d]n . co'Ud lj) [;+)
] hf]8f gePsf] a]hf]8f lahf]8f . co't gf) [;+)] != b; xhfsf] ;\Vof . lj) @= b; xhf ;
fsf] . co] lj) af]) ;Daf]wg cflbdf k|of]u x'g] cgfb/jfrL zAb P. cof]u gf) [;+)] !
= of]usf] cefj b'of]{u . @= ;\s6sfn d'l:snsf] ;do . #= ljof]u la5f]8 . > cof]uj gf)
afa' z"b| cfdf j]Zofaf6 hGd]sf] 5f]f] . cof]ujfx gf) Jo~hgleGg Wjlg cg':jf lj;u{ (
+:sf l5M O)) . cof]ufTds lj) [;+)] k|sl[ t ghf]l8Psf] ghf]l8g] . ~ efiff gf) Jofs0f
g';f k grNg] efiff . cof]Uo lj) [;+)] != of]Uo gePsf] gfnfos sfddf lgk'0f gePsf] . @
= cg'ko'Qm cg'lrt . tf gf) != of]Uotfsf] cefj gfnfoskg . @= s'kfqtf ckfqtf . #= cgf
}lrTo . cof]Wof gf) [;+)] != eftsf ;ft df]If k'LdWo] Ps k|frLg ;"o{j+zL fhfxsf] Ps k
l;4 fhwfgL ;fs]t . @= fdrGb|sf] fhwfgL . cof]lg lj) [;+)] != ghGd]sf] chft . @= lgTo
. gf) #= a|Xdf . > cof]lgh lj) of]lgaf6 ghGd]sf] ;fdfGo k|f0fLut k|lqmofcg';f ghGd
]sf] . cof]lghf lj) of]lgaf6 ghGd]sL (h:tf] fdfo0fsf cg';f ;Ltf) . cof}lus lj) [;+)]
!= of}lus gePsf] zAb;fwgsf pkfoaf6 l;4 gx'g] . @= b'O{ f;folgs tjxsf] of]u gePsf] .
cof}g lj) [;+)] gk'+;s cn}\lus . c gf) [;+)] rSsf w'fnfO{ hf]8\g] ;;fgf sf7 jf
sf 8G8L . cs gf) [c) cs{ ] ;8fPsf rLh pdfn] afkmsf kdf lgsfn]sf] ; cf;j S;L t]hfa
. csRr lqm) lj) [;+) c3 ] != d]nf] jf d];f] gkfP af6f] xfP . @= clglZrt l:yltn] cn
dNn

69

clIftc/fhstf caL lj) != ca b]zsf] ca;DaGwL . gf) @= kfgLbf 7"nf] hftsf] 3f]8f .
zdf kfOg] 3f]8f . clg' c) lqm) [cf] O g' ] != hf8fn] sqmSs kg'{ . @= sfFrf] jf lr;f]
fsf] j:t' ;'s] 7l{g' . #= gzfsf] ut ;~rflnt x'g f]lsg' afpFl8g' . $= 7"nf] b'Mv x'g'
. \ ofpgLdf cL! gf) [cf] O{ ] != 8f]L af6\b} uPkl5 6'U pla|Psf kf]of To;} 8f]Lsf c
gk'ml:sg] uL l;plg] sfd . lj) @= sfd ug{ ufx|f] dfGg] cfPsf] sfd ug{ ux'|sfpg] jf cK
7ff] dfGg] (:qL) . cL@ gf) [cf] O{ ] h\undf emf8Lsf kdf x'g] Ps hftsf] sfF8f] jf
] x'g] jg:klt . cf] lj) != hf8fn] slqmPsf] . @= sfFrf] jf lr;f] cj:yfaf6 ;'s] c k]s
. #= utsf] ;~rfng f]lsP lgZrn ePsf] To;L sqmSs k]sf] jf 7f]{ (zL cflb) . cofO
cf] x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt clg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] cofOg' s) lqm) cf] t'NofOg'
pg' k|) ] lqm) cf] t'Nofpg' sqmSs kfg'{ . clNng' c) lqm) [cf] (nf]) O g' ] x]) ctf
cNNofO gf) clNng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cNNofOg' s) lqm) clNng] kflg' . cNNofpg
lqm) clNng] kfg'{ . cljGb gf) [;+)] != sdn . @= ;f; . #= tfdf (wft') . > cljGbfIf gf
sdngog af6'nf cfFvf . c; lj) [;+)] != ; gePsf] gL; 5f]So|fOnf] . @= l;nf] gePsf]
emf]lnnf] gePsf] . > cl;s lj) != l;nf] gePsf] (7fpF jf j:t') . @= l;nf] ldhf; gePsf
] xfF;Vofn gug]{ (JolQm) . cfO gf) [ cfp ( cfO) ] cfpg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . cfOg'
qm) cfpg] sfd ulg' . cfpg' ;) lqm) [;+) cx{ cfp g' ] cf1f lbg' sfdsf lglDt v6fpg' c
. cfp gf) [ cx|fp ] cfpg] sfd v6\g nufpg] sfd cf1f lbg] sfd . kfp gf) sfd nufpg]
1f lbg] cflb sfd v6fpk6fp cx|fpkx|fp . cfhs lj) [;+)] != s'g} klg lsl;dsf] cg'zf;g g
ePsf] zf;gJoj:yf gldn]sf] cJoj:yf ePsf] 5f8f . cfhstf gf) [;+)] zf;gJoj:yf, kll:ylt,
godcg'zf;g cflb gldn]sf] cj:yf zflGt ;'vdo Joj:yf gePsf] zf;g 7"nf] cJoj:yf . jfb
f) fHoxLg zf;gJoj:yf dfGg] dt zf;sljgf ;dfh rN5 eGg] Ps lsl;dsf] l;4fGt . jfbL gf)
cfhstfjfbsf] cg'ofoL cfhstfjfbsf] ;dy{s .

lanvaGb lhNn jfNn kSs . clIft lj) [;+)] Iff gulPsf] jf gePsf] arfp gulPsf] ghf]u
cv gf)x]) c/s . cuHh lqm) of]) [ csRr] cu{Hh . c3L gf) [;+)] != Ogfaf6 kfgL lem
'mG8fOPsf] dfnfsf oGq c36 . lqm) lj) @= 3em}F lgZrn jf xnrn guLsg 9;d:; . f] cf] f
[ccf] ] != gbf]la|g] hf]{ s8f 7f]{ gd gePsf] cf] . @= ;fx|f] bf] . c0fL
df cfuf] kfg]{ sf7sf] dbfgLh:tf] ;fwg clUgdGy . @= ;"o{ . #= cfuf] clUg . $= rsds
. c0o gf) [;+)] != jg h
\n . @= ;GGof;Lsf] Ps e]b . f]bg gf) != h
\unleq f]Ph:tf]
}n] g;'Gg] ?jfO s;}n] g;'Gg] Psf]xf]f] u'gf;f] . ct lj) [;+)] != gnxl;Psf] ljQm . @=
gd]sf] t gePsf] . > clt gf) != fu jf k|d ] gePsf] l:ylt ljlQm . @= c;Gtf]if . clT
;+)] != c
\un ' jf dfqfsf] rf}aL; u'gf, skfbsf] rf u'gf, d'li6sf] 5 u'gf t'0fLsf] tL
g u'gfafasf] gfkf] . cyL gf) [;+)] != l;FuflPsf] zj xfn] d;fgdf n}hfg] ofg d'bf{sf]
6fF8 zjofg . lj) @= ydf ga;]sf] k}bn lxF8]sf] . clgsf] gf) [rL) clg{sf]] O;fsf] t]x|
f}F ztfAbLdf ef]6 x'Fb} rLg hfg] / lrlgofF ;d|f6\ s'Anf vfFsf] b/af/df 7"nf] ;Dd
fg kfpg] Ps ljZjk|l;4 Ps g]kfnL snfsf/ anafx' clg{sf] . ~ fhdfu{ gf) sf7df8f}Faf6 sf
]bfL x'Fb} g]kfn rLgsf] ;Ldf ldt]L ;fF3';Dd k'Ug] fhky . cgL gf) != laxfga]n'sf vfOg
d'Vo vfgfb]lv afx]ssf] vfg]s ' f gf:tf hnkfg . @= lbpF;f] vfOg] vfg]s ' f vfhf bf]kx
gL{ . cG8L gf) [;+) P08 ] != cG8L cG8Lsf] wfuf]af6 ag]sf] vf:6f] . @= e'nfof] . { ]
!= ;o sf]8sf] ;\Vof ;o sf]8 . ca! gf) [;+) ca'b lj) @= ;o sf]8 ;\Vofsf] ca{ . ca
)] != Pl;of dxfLksf] blIf0fefudf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 e"efu . @= To; e"efusf lgjf;L . ~
lnu gf) ld;|, Ofs, l;lof, hf]8{g, ;pbL ca, odg cflb b]zdf ;xof]u;DaGw sfod ug{sf lgl
Dt O) !($% df :yflkt kl5 lnlaof, ;'8fg, df]Ssf], s'a]t, cNh]lof, 6'lgl;of blIf0fL o
dg klg ;fd]n ePsf] Ps ;+:yf . >

c/fhLcvf}n { ] cvf}n { f] cfhL lj) [c fhL ] v';L gePsf] fhL gePsf] lafhL . cfL
] ;;fgf kft x'g] u'nfkmL \usf uf]nfsf k"mn k'mNg] Ps af]6 jf sn]hL \usf nfdf sf];f k
Ng] / sf7sf] cFuf/af6 af?b agfOg] sfF8fbf jg:klt To;}sf] kmn cfL . cfn\g' ;) lqm) [
cfn g' ] cwsNrf] kf] e'6\g' fd|f];Fu gkfSg] uL e'6\g' cfwf sfFrf] x'g] uL ds} cflb
' . > cfnfO gf) cfNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cflng' s) lqm) cfNg] sfd ulg' . cf
) [cfp cfj6 ] cx|fj6 cfp . F ;DaGw gePsf] fi6kl| t cfli6o lj) [c fli6o ] fi6;
tj gf) s'g} klg b]zsf], fi6sf] clxt lrtfpg] tj k~rdf\uL tj . ~ efjgf gf) fi6sf
lrtfpg] dfgl;s ;f]rfO jf ljrf . cl gf) [;+)] zq' j}L . clFufn gf)x]) cl/fn . cl
[;+) cln > cl O\O\u > OfnO\ufn] af?nfsf] cfsfsf], To;eGbf 7"nf] aR5"e F Gbf ;fgf
Ng] lavfn' sLf] cR5"F cl/Fufn . clq gf) [;+)] gfp otfplt 3'dfpgsf lglDt gfps} kl5lNt
l8g] sf7sf] axgf ktjf . clgL lj) [;+) cC0fL ] != lgaf6 d'Qm ePsf] lg ltl;s]sf] . @
lng] lg gvfg] lg gaf]Sg] . cld7]cld'7] gf) [cd P ] != sg;'Tnfsf cfsfsf] t 7"nf
sn]hL x'g,] w]} v'f x'g] Ps sLf] ;x;|kfb . lj) @= c k]sf] cld7]em}F 8f]nf] zL
fx|f] . cli6 gf) [;+)] != zfLls b'Mv jf si6 . @= cfklQ ljklQ . #= cefUo b'ef{Uo . $=
cz'e ckzs'g . %= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f vfa s'f ;"lrt ug]{ u|xkmn . ^= ksfP flvPsf cf}ifwL
f] ; (h:tf] czf]sfli6, ;f:jTofli6 O)) . c?lr gf) [;+)] != ?lr gx'g] l:ylt jf kll:y
lgR5f . @= ?lr gx'g] f]u clUgdGbtf . #= 3[0ff . s lj) != ?lr gx'g] jf ?lr gufpg] .
= dg gk]sf] OR5f ghfUg] . c?0f gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ lj cflbTo . @= ;"os { f] ;fly . #=
xfg a]n'sL k"jL{ tyf klZrdL cfsfzdf b]lvg] ftf] cfef . $= k'Ggfu j[If . %= uf9f ft
f] . ^= s'\s'd . &= l;Gb" . *= ltAattkm{af6 j?0f x'Fb} k"jL{ g]kfnleq k;] sf];L gbLd
f ldNg] Ps 7"nf] gbL ;Ktsf];LdWo] Ps . > c?l0fdf gf) ftf]kgf nfnL nflndf STof]n . c
f]bo gf) laxfg ftf] df x'g] ;"o{sf] pbo ;"o{ pbfpg'eGbf klxn] k"jL{ cfsfzdf b]lvg] f
f] cfef ;"o{ pbfpg'eGbf klxn]sf] ;do a|fXdd'x"t{ k|ftMsfn ef] .
70

c?GwtL gf) [;+)] !=jlzi7 ClifsL kTgL . @= ;Ktlif{ tff;d"xsf aLrsf] Ps tff] . c?jf!
gf) [ cn'jf ] gpl;gL s'6s ] f wfgsf] rfdn cn'jf cjf . c?jf@ lj) [cfppjf ] csf{sf
f lxF8\g] csf{sf] nxnx}df lxF8g \ ]. c lj) [;+) ck ] != cfk"mb]lv afx]ssf] cGo csf]{
f];|f] . @= kfO{ krqmL . #= a9\tf yk . ;+of]) $= clg km]l . csf] nfv, cfdfsf] sfv (p
) . ck lj) [;+)] != k gePsf] lgfsf . @= gfd|f] ljk s'k . #= c;dfg c;b[z . > c
f] lgfsf . gf) @= af}4 bz{gfg';f of]usf] Ps cj:yf lghL{j ;dflw . ckflot lj) k grNg
grn]sf] . c] lgkf) != s'g} c1ft s'fnfO{ hgfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb ] (pbf) pgL 3 cfP
lj) af]) @= tNnf vfnsf] jf dg gk]sf] JolQmnfO{ ulg] ;Daf]wg (pbf) c] d"v{ tF s] u5{
;\ < ) #= pb]s cfZro{ cflb hgfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb cxf] . (pbf) c] of] s] ePsf] <) c
\g' gf) [c6]g{' ] != 7]6g \ f] . @= an9f
\uf | h:tf] Ps k|sfsf] h
\unL k"mn . c]d]
c]d] ] o;f] uF ls p;f] uF x'g] cj:yf bf]wf] rfn cndnfO . cf]rs lj) [;+)] != c?lr
{ jf ufpg] a]:jflbnf] . @= rxlsnf] gePsf] wldnf] dlng . gf) #= c?lr clUgdGbtf vfg dg
nfUg] l:ylt jf cj:yf . cf]6 gf) [cfpcf]6 ] cfpg] sfd cf1f cx|f]6 . > cf}6] lj) !
sfd ug]{ cf1f lbg] . @= cfPsf] sfd ug]{ jf ufpg] . gf) #= cb{nL . cs{! gf) [;+)] !=
;"o{ . @= tfdf (wft') . #= cfFs dGbf . $= cfOtaf . %= pQf kmfNu'gL gIfq . ^= afx|sf
] ;
\Vof . cs{@ gf) [c) cs{ ] kmnk"mn, cgfh cflb pl;g] afkmsf] kdf lgsfn]sf] ; jf kl;
gf (S;L, cQ, l:kl6 O)) cs . ~ sk" gf) sk", lkkNd]G6 cflb ldnfP cs{ lemsL agfOPsf]
L . cs{gf lj) [csf] { gf ] csf]{ (h:t} cs{gf lbg, csf]{ lbg, cfufdL lbg) . csf]{ lj
) [;+) cks ] != Psb]lv leGg cfsf]{ bf];|f] c cGo . @= leGg a]Un} . #= s'g} sf]xL .
{ krqmL . %= lafgf] . cv' { gf) [;+) cfsif{sflsf] Pp6} e]6g \ fdf dl;gf w]} kft nfUg]
5fof ;]tf k"mn k'mNg] nfdf sf];f kmNg] Ps sfF8]bf j[If 7"nf] ;fgf] b'O{ e]b x'g] T
o;}sf] kmn . cvf}n { ] cvf}n { f] gf) [cvf}n { f]P ] != Ps lsl;dsf] 3fF; . @=

71

cu{Hhcy{ ch{ gf) [c)] s;}kl| t ulg] laGtLefp cg'f]w ljgo k|fy{gf . ch{s lj) [;+)] s
g]{ cfDbfgL ug]{ cfh{g ug]{ . ch{g gf) [;+)] sdfpg] jf cfh{g] sfd pkfh{g cfh{g . > ch
{gLo lj) ch{g ug{ of]Uo sdfpg nfos . chf{k\g' ;) lqm) [;+) crf{kog] != xltofnfO{ nfU
g] kfg{ kfOg r9fpg' kfOg xfNg' . @= xltofdf ;fFw nufpg' wflnf] kfg'{ . > chf{lkg' s)
lqm) chf{Kg] sfd ulg' . clh{t lj) [;+)] != sdfPsf] cfh{g u]sf] cfDbfgL u]sf] . @= hD
f ulPsf] ;fFlrPsf] . chL{ gf) [c)] != s'g} OlR5t s'f k|fKt ug{sf nflu lbOg] lgj]bg k|
fy{gf . @= cfn] tf]s]sf] lbg xflh x'g g;Stf tflv yfDgsf lglDt emul8ofn] dflg; jf x'
nfsff tflv yfldkfpmF egL cfdf k7fpg] lgj]bg . #= ph' lkmfbkq . ~ kq gf)chL{ . ch'g
[;+)] != k~rkf08jdWo] Ps efO (;flxFnf) . @= sft{jLo{ . #= o;} gfdsf] Ps j[If .
c0f{j gf) [;+)] != ;d'b| ;fu . @= ;"o{ ef:s . clt{ gf) [;+)] != kL8f b'Mv si6 . @=
] 6'Kkf] . ctL{ gf) [;+) cYo{] lxtsf s'f enf] x'g] s'f pkb]z lzIff . ~ a'l4 gf) ctL{
f 1fg;DaGwL s'f ctL{ a'l4 . cy{ gf) [;+)] != dfg] dtna tfTko{ clek|fo . @= zAbaf6 k
x'g] dfgjx[bosf] cfzo zAbzlQm . #= clewf, nIf0ff Jo~hgfaf6 af]w x'g] tfTko{ . $=
x]t' lgldQ k|of]hg . %= sfd Oi6 . ^= OlGb|osf] ljifo . &= wd{, cy{, sfd, df]If rf k
'?iffy{dWo] Ps . *= wg ;DklQ P]Zjo{ . (= ljlgdosf] dfWod . !)= d"Nosf kdf lbOg] d'b
f | jf ;'g, rfFbL cflb . !!= d"No lgwf{lt b|Jo . s lj) wg k|fKt ufpg] cy{nfe ufpg]
gf) != wg sdfpg] ljBf jf ;Lk . lj) @= wg k|fKt ufpg] . rfn gf) d"n cy{df ;\\sf]r jf
lj:tf geO{ s]jn u'0fsf] kljt{g x'g] zAbfy{kl| qmof, h:t} ;+) hLj (cfTdf) > g]) hL
p (zL), ;+) t'u \ (r'r ' f]) > g]) 9'u \ f] (kTy) . lrq gf) leqL Jo\Uo cy{ s]xL g
flxL cy{ dfq rdTsfL ePsf] cj:yf To:tf] sfJo jf sljtf . tM lqm) lj) != zAbsf] cy{cg';
f jf cy{sf b[li6n] . @= jf:tjdf oyfy{df ;fFRr} j:t'tM . tGq gf) ;sfsf] cy{;DaGwL s
g]{ k|0ffnL . b08 gf) ckfw u]afkt b08sf] kdf ;sf jf cGo s;}nfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ sd h
8 . b"if0f gf) != grflxFbf] sfddf ulg] vr{ ckJoo . @= cGofo;Fu s;}sf] wg lng] sfd .
#= zAbsf cy{sf] bf]if . bf]if gf) kbsf] jf jfSosf] cy{nfO{ b"lift agfpg] Ps k|sfs
f] sfJobf]if . ~ g ay{ lj) s'g} vf; kdf sfd

kLknsf h:tf ;;fgf u'lnof kmn kmNg] Ps j[If . #= e'6t \ f k"mn gp7\g] bfgf cflnPsf]
7]6g \ '. cu{Hh lqm)lj) [ cuHh] cfk"mnfO{ 7"nf] ;Dem] jf hfGg];G ' g] dfg] a:g] rfnd
f uhSs udSs . cu{6 gf) [;+)] 3Fuf?sf] af]6 . cu{nf gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] cfUnf] la]cfUnf
uhaf . @= k|ltaGw 5]sy'g . #= ;"o{sf] pbo c:t x'g] ;dodf b]lvg]
\uLla
\uL afbn 89]s
. cu]n { L gf) af]qmfsf] kf6 sf6] g]kfnL sfut agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] a'
6f] sfuhL kf6 . c3{ gf) [;+)] != lxGb" wdf{g';f iff]8zf]krfdWo] Ps hn, b"w, bxL, hf},
s'z, b"af] cflb ldnfP b]jtfnfO{ r9fpg] sfd . @= cFh'nLn] hn r9fpg] k|lqmof . #=
b]jtfnfO{ c3{ lbOg] efF8f] . $= d"No bfd df]n . ~ kfq gf) c3{ lbg] efF8f] c3f}{tf]
. c3f{ gf) g]kfnsf] c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps P]ltxfl;s :yn . sf]6 gf) c3f{ . vfrL
f) n'lDagL c~rncGtu{t x]sf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . c3]p { nf] gf) [c3{Ppnf] ] kmfNt" x]sf]
efu ;a}nfO{ klkGr efu nufP pa|]sf] c+z . c3]{nL gf) [c3{PnL] != c3]{nf] x'gfsf] efj
jf cj:yf lahfOF lauf] s;' . lj) @= a9\tf ePsL dg gk]sL s;};u F gldNg] (:qL) . c3]{nf
) [c3{Pnf]] != grflxFbf] g;'xfpFbf] jflxoft . @= cldNbf] crf8" . > c3]N { ofO gf) !=
pkb|f] s;' lahfOF . @= cldNbf]kgf crf8'kg . c3f] { gf) [ef]) a)] u'?
hfltsf] s'g} Jol
m d]sf] jif{ lbg k'u]kl5 ulg] jflif{s >f4flb lqmof c3'{ . c3f}t { f] gf) [c3{cf}tf],
;+) c3{kfq ] c3{ lbg] efF8f] c3{kfq . co{ gf)[;+)] != b]jtf, cltly jf dfGohgnfO{ ;T
sf jf k"hf ubf{ r9fOg] jf lbOg] hn, k~rfd[t, b"af] cflb j:t' . lj) @= k"hf ug{ x'
g] jf nfos k"Ho . #= df]n w]} kg]{ d"Nojfg\ . cr{gcr{gf gf) [;+)] != b]pb]ptfsf] k|Ll
tsf lglDt ulg] k"hf . @= 7"nfa8fnfO{ ulg] cfb Pj+ ;Tsf . > cr{gLo lj) != k"hgLo k"hf
f]Uo . @= dfggLo k|ltli7t . cr{n gf) ufO{afv|fnfO{ 3fF; v'jfOg] b'O{ cdnsf xlof, lr
Nnf cldNRof kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 jf u'lnof] :jfb sfnf]
x'g] To;}sf] u]8f jf km
n . > cr{n] gf) != sf:sL lhNnfcGtu{t kg]{ sljlzf]dl0f n]vgfy kf}8fnsf] hGd ePsf] Ps
k|l;4 ufpF . lj) @= cr{n x'g] 7fpF . crf{ gf) [;+) cr{gf] k"hf . clr{idlt gf) [;+
)] af}4 wd{cg';f bze"ld jf qof]bze"ldsf] rf}yf] >]0fL .

cyf{udcyf]T { sif{ k"f ug]{ gePsf] s'g} vf; cy{ jf clek|fo gePsf] a]sfdsf] a]dtnasf]
. ~ g ay{sf] lj) ljgfk|of]hgsf] ljgf sfdsf] a]dtnasf] . gLlt gf) ;sfn] b]zsf] cy{;D
L sff]af ;~rfng ug{ fli6o cfoJoosf] ;Gt'ng l:ytf sfod fVg] b[li6n] lgwf{0f u]sf]
k|0ffnL ;f]xL gLltcg';f fi6df lqmoflGjt ulg] cy{;DaGwL ;a} sfds'f . ~ Gofofno gf) !=
{;DaGwL sff]afsf] d'2f x]g]{ cbfnt . @= b]jfgL cbfnt jf cfos cbfnt . ~ kljt{g gf) zAb
n] cfgf] 9 cy{nfO{ 5f8] cs}{ cy{ cFufNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . (h:t} klxn] d[usf] 9 cy
"0f{ h\unL kz' lyof], clxn] o;sf] cy{ xl0f gfpFsf] kz' dfq x'G5 .) ~ lkrf;lkzfr gf) ;
klQ k|z:t eP klg vr{ ug{ OR5f gePsf] JolQm sGh'; b|Jolkzfr dSvLr'; . k|sl [ t gf) k|
oM sfJo Pj+ gf6s cflbsf syfj:t'df xg] aLhfj:yfb]lv kmnf]TklQ;Ddsf kfFr s'f (aLh, l
aGb', ktfsf, k|sL sfo{) . ~ af]w gf) cy{sf] 1fg cy{ a'g] efj jf cj:yf . ~ af]w ljlw
f) vf; kBf+z jf uBf+zsf] zAbfy{ jf efjfy{ a'emfpFb} hfg] k4lt . ~ dGqL gf) cy{ dG
qfnosf] cleeff ;FefNg] fi6sf] cfoJoo;DaGwL of]hgf, gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ug]u { fpg] dGq
ljQdGqL . d"ns lj) cy{s} ljifo jf ;DaGwnfO{ lnP ePsf] cy{ g} d'Vo ePsf] . ~ ljjfb gf
) wg;DklQ jf n]gb]g;DaGwL slrnf] b]jfgL d'2f . ~ lj:tf gf) zAbfy{lj1fgsf cg';f ljz]if
cy{ hfx] ug]{ zAbn] ;fdfGo cy{ hfx] ug]{ cj:yf jf l:ylt, h:t} k|f) g]) uf]7 (uf}z
fnf) > cf) g]) uf]7 (s'g} klg uf]7) . zf:q gf) wgsf] pTklQ, pkef]u, ljlgdo, ljt0f
cflbs]f ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q ;DklQ dg'iosf ;DaGwsf] JofVof ug]{ ;dfhzf:qsf] Ps c\u .
zf:qL lj) != cy{zf:qdf ljz]if 1fg ePsf] cy{zf:q k9]sf] . gf) @= cy{zf:qsf] ljz]if
1 cy{zf:qj]Qf . Zn]if gf) Zn]iffn\sfsf b'O{ e]bdWo] cy{df Zn]if kg]{ Ps cn\sf . ~ ;
f) != wgsf] cefjaf6 kg{ cfPsf] b'Mv wg gx'Fbf kg]{ b'Mv . @= wgxLg ePsf] l:ylt jf
cj:yf . ~ ;lrj gf) ;sfff lgwf{lt cy{;DaGwL gLltlgod ;~rfng ufpgsf lglDt lgo'Qm ljlz
bhf{sf] clws[t cy{dGqfnosf] sfo{ef lng] ;lrj . ~ ;ldlt gf) s'g} sfo{ jf of]hgfsf] cy
{;DaGwL sff] a f jf Joj:yf ug{ ag] s f] ;ldlt . ~ ;fWo lj) wg vr{ u] l;4 x'g ;Sg] wga
6 sfd klg] wgaf6 kf nfUg] . ~ l;l4 lj) != k|;\un] g} cy{ a'lemg] . @= wg vr{ u] x'g
] . gf) #= OR5f u]sf] s'f k'Ug] sfd jf l:ylt . $= wgnfe . cyf{ud gf)[;+)] != cfDbfg
L x'g] l:ylt cfDbfgL cy{kf | lKt . @= zAbsf] Jo'TklQdf gePsf] cy{ cfpg] l:ylt . (h
:t}
72

eo\ssf] Jo'TklQut cy{ c;fWo} sf] cy{df x'g yfn]sf] 5 fd eo\s hftL 5g\ s0f{ eo
) ~ ljlw gf) != cy{ jf cfosf k|flKtsf] ljwfg . @= zAbsf] Jo'TklQdf gePsf] cy{ cfp
g] k4lt jf tlsf . cyf{t\ ;+of]) [;+)] != s'g} k|;\usf] ljz]if ljj0f lbFbf jf :ki6Ls0f
lbFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . lqm)lj) @= k|;\ujz :jod]j :jtM . cyf{gj ' fb gf) [;+)] zAbut
cy{nfO{ dfq lnP ulPsf] cg'jfb cy{sf] pNyf jf cg'jfb . cyf{Gt gf) [;+)] != csf]{ cy{
eGg clek|fo a]Un} dtna . @= csf]{ cy{ lbg] k|;\u jf l:ylt . #= s'g} zAbn] k'fgf] cy
{ 5f8] gofF cy{ lng] efiffut cy{j}1flgs k|lqmof Ps k|sfsf] cy{kljt{g . Gof; gf) ;fdf
o s'fnfO{ ljz]if s'fn] ljz]if s'fnfO{ ;fdfGo s'fn] a'emfpFbf kg]{ Ps cn\sf . ' m .
wgjfg\ wgL . #= x:ok"0f{ cyf{lGjt lj) [;+)] != cy{oQ dxjk"0f{ . $= clek|foo'Qm . cyf{
ksif{ gf) [;+)] klxn] fd|f] cy{df rn]sf] zAb kl5 uP gfd|f] cy{df rNg] k|lqmof . (h:t
} klxn] j]Zofsf] cy{ ljz' jf a:tLdf a:g] x'GYof], cfhef]ln o;sf] cy{ rlqxLg cfOdfO{
] 5 .) . cyf{klQ gf) [;+)] Pp6f s'fsf] k|df0faf6 csf]{ s'f l;4 x'g cfpFbf kg]{ Ps c
yf{n\sf To;L l;4 ulg] gf6ssf] Pp6f nIf0f . cyf{n\sf gf) [;+)] ;flxTodf cy{af6 dfq r
TkGg x'g] k|l;4 cn\sf . cyf{jglt gf) [;+)] c;n jf dflyNnf] txsf] cy{ a'emfpg] zAbn]
vfa jf tNnf] txsf] cy{ a'emfpg] efiffut cy{j1 } flgs k|lqmof, h:t} ;+) a'4 (k|a4
' ) > g]) a'bw \ " (d"v) { . cly{g' c) lqm) [cy{ Og'] cy{ nfUg' cy{ a'lemg' cy{, clek
|fo, sf0f cflb 5n{\u x'g' . cyL{ lj) [;+)] != rfxgf ug]{ OR5f ug]{ sfdgf ug]{ k|fy{gf
ug]{ ofrs . @= s'g} sfdgf k"f ug]{ nIo ePsf] . #= jfbL emul8of . $= wgL wgjfg\ . %=
k|of]hg fVg] clek|fo fVg] . ^= cyL . cy' { f] gf) [cff] y'f]] cy{'\u] . cy'{\u]
vsf h:tf nfdf tLvf kft tyf 8fF7sf 6'Kkfdf lag] v}f] e'm; x'g] Ps hftsf] s'] 3fF; cy
{\uf] cy'{] cy'{f] . cyf]{Tsif{ gf) [;+)] s'g} zAbsf] cy{ klxn] gfd|f] kl5 To;sf]
|f] x'g] k|lqmof . (h:tf] klxn] ;fx;sf] cy{ hah:tL ulg] s'f lyof], clxn] To;sf] cy
sf] 5 .) .

73

cyf]{Ggltcw{c4{ c\u ldn] ag]sf] k lzj kfj{tLsf cfwfcfwf c\u ldn] ag]sf] ;+oQ ' m
] ;+oQ ' m k . kSsL lj) cfwfcfwL kSsL kflPsf] (;8s cflb) . ~ kfbz{s lj) ckfbz{s klg
Psf] k"} dfqfdf kfbz{s klg gePsf] cfwfcfwL b]lvg] jf wldnf] b]lvg] . k[i7 lj) pRrf
ubf{ k|yd r0fdf Zjf;dfu{df k"0f{ afwf pkl:yt x'g] cGttf]uTjf pmidLe"tdf em}F ;f;
pDsg kfpg] (h:t} g]kfnL r, 5, h, em cflb j0f{) . ~ kf}li6s lj) k"0f{ kn] kf}li6s tj
gePsf] ckf}li6s klg gePsf] cwkSsf] . ~ k|;t [ :j gf) pRrf0fdf cf]7 cfwf k}mng] :j c
:jsf] cfwf v'nf cyjf cfwf aGb k|sf (P, o cflb) s]Gb|Lo :j (c cflb) . ~ ax'eflifstf gf
) PseGbf a9L efiff a'g], t hjfkm lbg'kbf{ cfg} dft[efiffdf dfq lbg ;Sg] l:ylt . dfu
wL gf) k|fs[t efiffsf] Ps e]b sfzL dy'fsf aLrsf] If]qdf rn]sf] k|fs[t efiff . d'lbt
lj) cfwf v'n]sf] jf cfwf lrlDnPsf] cfwf aGb (gog, cfFvf) . ~ d"lR5{t lj) cfwf d"5f
{ k]sf] cfwf xf]; ePsf] . d"lt{ gf) s'g} b]jtf jf dxfk'?ifsf] sdb]lv dfl:tsf] efu d
q x]sf] d"lt{ . ~ jo:s lj) cfwfcfwL dfq pd] lat]sf] cwa}F;] k|f}9 . ~ ljsl;t lj) k"f
9]sf] jf cfwf a9]sf] cfwfcfwL ljsf; ePsf] . ~ ljfd gf) 7"n7"nf jfSoleq x]sf jfSof+zxd
f kfbljfdeGbf a];L k"0f{ljfdeGbf sDtL cl8g'kg]{ 7fpF To:tf] 7fpFdf ] lrXg . ~ ljj[t
lj) lha|f] tfn'eGbf a9L lbOg] () ;\st tnlt em]sfn] d'vljj c4{;+j[tdf eGbf a9L v'n]sf]
. ~ j[Q gf) j[Qsf] Ps efuaf6 s]Gb| x'Fb} ;f]emf] csf]{ efudf x'Fbf x'g] uf]nfsf]
cfwf efu cw{uf]nfsf j[Qsf] cfwf . ~ Jo~hg gf) cIffTds Jo~hg (, n, d, g cflb)nfO{ lbO
] efiffj}1flgs gfd cIffTds Jo~hg . ~ z'is lj) cfwfcfwL lr;f] cfwfcfwL ;'ss ] f] cw;'
Svf b;'sf] . ~ ;+jt [ lj) ;+jt [ df h:tf] lha|f] tfn'sf] glhsdf uP 6'l\ ug'sf] ;f6f]
lha|f] s]xL tn emgf{n] d'vljj ;+jt [ df eGbf s]xL a9L v'ns ] f] (k|oTg) . ;d gf)
Znf]ssf] cfwf efu Ps 5fF6sf] csf]{ cfwf efu a]Un} 5fF6sf] jf klxnf] t];|f] kfp P
s nIf0fsf] bf];|f] rf}yf] kfp csf]{ nIf0f ePsf] 5Gb . ~ ;dj[Q gf) cw{;d . ~ ;sfL lj
!= s'g} ;+:yfsf] nufgL cfDbfgLdf ;sfsf] cfwf lx:;f ePsf] ;sf ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] c
f xs ePsf] . @= ;sfL tna vfPsf], t lstfavfgfdf gfd btf{ gePsf] ;+:yfg, lgud cflbdf s
fd ug]{ (sd{rfL) . ~ ;fdGtL lj) pRr ;fdGtL geO{ demf}nf vfnsf] ;fdGtL dWod :tsf] ;fd
GtL . ~ l;NnL lj) != k"f dfqfdf kfun gePsf] slxn] xf];sf s'f ug]{ slxn] a]xf];sf s'f
ug]{ lrQj[lQ l:y gePsf] . @= atfxf a9L kmfOFk'mL

cyf]{Gglt gf) [;+)] dfd'nL cy{ lbg] zAbn] c;n jf pRrsf]l6sf] cy{ lbg] efiffut cy{
j}1flgs k|lqmof, h:t} k|f) g]) s]6f] (u}F8fsf] aRrf]) > cf) g]) s]6f] (dfG5]sf] a
Rrf]) . cyf]k { If]ks gf) [;+)] syfsf] ;\ultsf lglDt rflxg] t b]vfpg gx'g] jf gL; eP
sfn] c\uR5]b ubf{ 5f]8]sf] ljifosf] ;"rgf lbg] tj ljifo;"rs syfof]hs . cyf]k { rf gf)
[;+)] wg;DklQff ulg] Ifltk"lt{ d'cfahf . cYof{O gf) [ cly{ ( cfO)] cly{g] efj, lqmof
k|lqmof . [ > ] cYof{Og' s) lqm) cly{g] kflg' cy{ nufOg' . cYof{pg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm
) != syf, k'f0f, sfJo cflbsf] cy{ nufpg' dfg] atfpg' dtna a'emfpg' . @= s'f ;Demfpg'
jf a'emfpg' . cb{nL gf) [c
\) c8{nL{] cx|fPkx|fPsf] ;fgf]ltgf] sfd ug]{ tNnf txsf]
sd{rfL (lkpg, l;kfxL, rkf;L, 6xn'jf cflb) . cw{c4{ lj) [;+)] != cfwf l;
\uf]nfO{ b'O{
efu ubf{ aGg] Ps efu . @= v08 6'qmf . > cw{
u \ Lcw{

\ L lj) != a]9
\uL cw{l;NnL Psf
@= cfwf zL dfq rNg] kIff3ft ePsf] . cw{
U \ ofO gf) cw{
\uL x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cw{
:yf cw{
\uLkgf . ~ rGb| gf) != cfwf dfq b]lvPsf] rGb|df ci6dLsf lbgdf b]lvg] rGb|df .
@= do"sf KjfFvdf ePsf] cw{j[Q a'f rlGb|sf . #= :qLsf] s'rdb{g ubf{ :tgdf x'g] g
sf]
lrXg gvIft . $= cw{jQ [ fsf af0f . %= cIfsf lzdf nufpg] cw{jQ [ lrXg rGb|ljGb' h"gl6s
. ^= 3f]S|ofpFbf uw{gdf nufOg] xftsf] d'b|f . ~ rGb|fsf gf) != cw{rGb|sf] h:tf] c
fsf cw{jQ [ fsf . @= cfwf af6'nf] . ~ rGb|fs[lt gf) cw{rGb|sf] h:tf] cfs[lt cw{j[Qfs[
lt . rn hf]gL{ gf) zLsf] Psfkl dfq rNg] hf]gL{ 3'8 F f], s'lxg' cflbsf] hf]gL{h:tf]
"} grn] cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkfb]lv d'lGt dl0faGwdf xg] h:tf cfwf dfq rNg] hf]gL{ . r]tgr]tgf
j) != k"0f{ kn] r]tgzLn klg gePsf] k"} dfqfdf a]xf]; klg gePsf] (dg) . gf) @= cfwf
nlPsf] jf nfOPsf] cj:yf . hn gf) dg{ nfu]sf JolQmnfO{ cwf]c
\uaf6 k|f0fjfo' glgl:sof
;\ eg] ulg] hn;+of]u clGtd cj:yfdf k'u]sf] JolQmnfO{ p;sf] d'lQmsf lglDt sdb]lv pFwf
] cfwf zL kfgLdf 8'afpg] sfd cwf]{bs . ~ bIf lj) snsfvfgf cflbdf sfd ug]{ sd{rfLxdW
Dg:teGbf dflyNnf] vfnsf] bIfeGbf tNnf] vfnsf] ;fdfGo k|fljlws tflnd kfPsf] (dhb', s
fdbf) ;fdfGo kn] k|fljlws jf Jofjxfls lzIff kfPsf] demf}nf vfnsf] (hgzlQm) . ~ }eflif
tf gf) b'O{ efiff a'g], t hjfkm lbFbf cfg} dft[efiffdf dfq lbg ;Sg] l:ylt . ~ gfLZj
bfofF c\u lzj afofF c\u kfj{tLsf] uL b'j}sf cfwfcfwf

cwf{\ucnIdL nufP lxF8\g] atf;] . ~ ;'s'djf;L lj) cfgf gfpFdf hUufhldg, 338]L cflb
vfg nufpg g;Sg] vfnsf] ;'sd ' jf;L . ~ :j gf) sxLF :jsf kdf xg] sxLF Jo~hgs} kdf
j cyjf o) j0f{ . cwf{\u gf) [;+)] != cfwf c\u cfwf zL cfwf hLp . \ ugL gf) kTgL hf
L @= nf]Ug] :jf:gL . > cwf{l :jf:gL . cwf{g'cwf{gf] lj) [;+) cw{tg] cfwf gofF cfwf
'fgf] cfwf ;'d]sf] cfwf kmf6]sf] cfwf ;2] kmf6] klg sfdrnfp kdf nufOg] . cwf{nL gf
)] != cfwf k\lQm . @= cfwf Znf]s #= cfwf efu . cwf{;g gf) [;+)] s;}nfO{ ;Ddfgk"js
{ jf st{Jok"js { lbOg] cfgf] cf;gsf] cfwf efu . cwL{ gf) [;+)] uLtsf cGtfsf] cfwf e
fu pQfw{ . } f :jf:gL d]sf] . @= cwf{l\ ugL cwf] { lj) [cw{ cf]] != pd]d gePsf] ljw'
cgf{ gf) [;+) cf0os] != h\unL fFuf] . @= a];L df]6fPsf] kz' afF7 . lj) #= a];L df]
] (dflg;, kz' cflb) . cgf{lng' c) lqm) != ef]sn] ctflng' jf kLl8t x'g' ef]sn] ;tfO
g' . @= w]} kmfOFk'mOF u] lxF8\g' . > cgf{NofO gf) cgf{lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . cgf{N
ofOg' s) lqm) cgf{lng] kflg' . cgf{Nofpg' k|]) lqm) cgf{lng] kfg'{ . clg{sf] gf) [rL
)] x]) c/lgsf] . cg]{:6 dgL gf) [c)] a9fa9 jf lnnfdaf6 ;fdfg k|fKt ug]{ JolQmn] hD
df ug'{kg]{ tf]lsPsf] sd kl5 lkmtf{ x'g] uL hDdf ulg] sd k]:sL . { s'g} j:t' ck{g'
qm) [;+) ck{0f] != s;}nfO{ >4fk"js lbg' r9fpg' ck{0f ug'{ . @= efsn ug'{ ;\sNk ug'{
. ck{s lj) [;+)] != >4fk"js { ck{0f ug]{ ljgok"js { lbg] jf r9fpg] . ck{0f gf) [;+)
] >4fk"js { lbg] jf r9fpg] sfd ;dk{0f bfg . @= ;fj{hlgs sfo{sf lglDt lgM:jfy{ efjn
] s'g} ljifosf] sfd ug]{ufpg] x]t'n] ulg] cy{k|bfg . ckf{O gf) [ ck{ ( cfO)] ck{g] ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ckf{Og' s) lqm) ck{g nfOg' . ckf{pg' k|]) lqm) ck{g nf
pg' ck{0f ufpg' . clk{t lj) [;+)] ck{0f ulPsf] r9fOPsf] lbOPsf] bfg ulPsf] . clk{g
qm) [ck{Og'] ck{g] sfd ulg' . ck'm { gf) kx]n F f] s]; ePsf], ;;fgf k"mn k'mNg], w]}
'gf ePsf 7"n7"nf kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfF8] nxf] . (o;sf] ; df5fsf lglDt ljif x'G5 .
) ca'b { gf) [;+)] != ca ca{ . @= SofG; f]u . lj) #= ;o
74

sf]8 ;
\Vofsf] . cd{n\g' ;) lqm) [cd{n g'] gf]S;fg eP hltsf] lauf] lgwf{lt ug'{ tf}n c
cg'dfg ug'{ cd{n tf]Sg' . cd{n gf) ufO{a:t'n] afnL vfFbf ufO{a:t'sf wgLaf6 afnLwg
LnfO{ ;sf jf k~rn] efOlbg] lauf] afnL gf]S;fgLsf] xhf{gf . cd{nfO gf) [ cd{n\ (cfO)
Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cd{nfOg' s) lqm) cd{Ng nufOg' . cd{nfpg' k|) ] l
qm) cd{Ng nfpg' . cd{lng' s) lqm) cd{Ng] sfd ulg' . cd{n ] gf) lklof jf lk]s { f cfsf
f], slnnf d'G6fsf] tsfL vfOg] emfljz]if . cdf{nL gf) 3aflx k]6L jf lkF8Ldf 3fdkfgL 5]
gsf lglDt xflng] ;fgf] 5fgf] kfnL . cjf{rLg lj) [;+)] xfn;fnsf] jt{dfg ;dosf] gofF cf
w'lgs . cz{ gf) [;+)] cnsfO{ x;f{ . c;f{ gf) v'bf]df jf lrgLsf] ;df kL7f] d'5] kftnf]
uL a]n] l3pdf ksfOPsf] f]6Lljz]if . cx{ lj) [;+)] != k"hf jf ;Ddfg ug{ of]Uo k"hgLo
"Ho . @= of]Uo nfos . cx{t \ gf) [;+)] != 7"nf 1fgL tLy{
\s . @= lhg a'4 . lj) #= cff
"hf ug{ of]Uo k"Ho . cx{Gt gf) [;+)] != a'4 . @= af}4 leIf' eGt] . lj) #= of]Uo k|lt
li7t . cns gf) [;+)] != lgwfsf bfofFafofF ns]{sf] skfn . @= 5fF6sfF6 uL cfFvLef}F;D
d lgwfdf nsf{OPsf] skfn . #= kfn] nfdf] uL tnf;]sf] skfn h'NkmL a
\ufnL . cnstfcnsqf
c)=] af6f] kSsL t'NofpFbf luL cflb;Fu dn] cf]5fOg] sfnf] n]bf] tflkg cflbsf] t]n lgsf
Nbf cfPsf] Rof6Rof6] n]bf] . cnsf gf) [;+)] != oIf jf uGwj{sf fhf s'a ] sf] fhwfgL .
@= 3'Fu'lPsf] skfn cns . #= cf7b]lv b; jif{;DdsL s]6L . cnsfO{ gf) [g]jf) cnMs}] u
'bfdf cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] vl6f] cz{ x;f{ . cnsfk'L gf) [;+)] s'a]sf] fhwfgL cnsf u
sfjlncnsfjnL gf) [;+)] != s]zsf] ;d"x s]zflz . @= h'NkmL . #= 3'Fu'f k]sf] skfn d'Gb
skfn . cnIf0f lj) [;+)] != vfa nIf0f ePsf] s'nIf0fo'St cnlR5gL . gf) @= gfd|f] nIf0f
kzs'g . cnlIft lj) [;+)] != gb]lvPsf] nIo gulPsf] cb[Zo . @= c1ft, ghflgPsf] u'Kt . c
nIdL gf) [;+)] != k'f0fsyfcg';f nIdL;Fu} ;d'b|af6 lgl:sPsL t b'i6 cfr0fsL Ps gfL sZo
gL lblt . lj) @= cnlR5gL .

75

cnIocndn cnlrnf] lj) [cnlrnf]] != nrs gePsf] a]nrsbf . @= gd gePsf] 7f]{ s8f ;fx|
5g gf) [;+) cnIf0f] vfa nIf0f s'nIf0f cd
\un ckzs'g . > cnlR5gfxfcnlR5gL lj) vfa nI
f] s'nlR5gsf] lkfxf . cnq lqm) lj) [cnkq] != nyfln
\u hyfefjL;Fu cnkq . lj) @= cnkq k
otf g ptf ePsf] . cngflangf gf) [;+) cnfkgljnfkg] != cfgf dgsf] efj JoQm ug]{ cfk"m
df ePsf] b'Mv JoQm ug]{ lqmof k|lqmof . @= O{Zj k'sf] jf u'xf] cfgf] b'Mv k|s6 ug]{
ofk|lqmof . #= s;}af6 s'g} s'f jf j:t' xft kfg{ cg]s lsl;dsf b'Mv;'vsf s'f ug]{ sfd n
nf}Llanf}L . cnGt lj) [;+) cgGt] != aLrdf k]sf] gfd|L r]kdf k]sf] . @= lanvaGb .
;+) cnf]k] != b]Vtfb]Vt} xfpg] lqmof nf]k ufoa a]kQf cGtwf{g . @= n'Kt x'g] lqmof . l
j) #= n'Kt k"} xfPsf] jf lanfPsf] . cnk@ gf) [;+) cfn]k] 6'6]k'm6]sf] lznfn]v lznfkqs
f] eUgfjz]if cfn]k nfu]sf] lznfv08Lo clen]v . cnkSsf gf) [:k]) Pnkfsf] blIf0f cd]ls
fdf x'g] pF6h:tf] hgfjsf] f}F ];d jf ;"t ldnfO{ agfOPsf] Ps hftsf] sk8f . cnkq lqm)
lj) != otf g ptf 7x g 7]ufg . lj) @= otf g ptfsf] 7x g 7]ufgsf] . > cnklqg' c) lqm) c
nkq kg'{ cnq kg'{ a]lylt jf a]7]ufg;Fu xg' . cnkq] lj) sfd ;'? u] nyfln\u kfL aLr}d
\g] cfjZos j:t'xnfO{ k|of]udf gNofO{ c;'lIft kdf To;} fVg] . cnkofO gf) cnklqg] lsl;
lqmof jf k|lqmof . cnkofOg' s) lqm) cnkq kflg' cnklqg] t'NofOg' . cnkofpg' k|]) lqm)
nkq;Fu s'g} dfn;fdfg fVg nufpg' cnkq kfg'{ . cnkofx6 gf) cnkofO . cnkmf gf) [c) cnkmf
hf]uLxn] nufpg] afx'nf gePsf] s'yf{ ljgfafx'nfsf] vf]ns cnvf . cnaQf gf) [c)] != lg
M;Gb]x kSsf lgZro cjZo . lj) af]) @= crDd pb]s . lqm) lj) #= cs:dft\ ckem{6 . cnad gf
[k|mf) Pnad] kmf]6f] jf l6s6xnfO{ ;'lIft 9\un] flvg] k'l:tsf . cnaNn] lj) [cg an] ;F
fNg g;lsg] Hofb} 7"nf] chsf] (e]n, af9L cflb) c:d]n . cnEo lj) [;+)] != kfpg g;lsg] c
|fKo . @= cd"No cgdf]n . cndn gf) [;+) cGodg] != sfd ubf{, lxF8\bf jf ;f]Rbf s'g}
afwf pTkGg x'g uO{ x'g] e|d . @= To:tf] e|d k}bf x'g] l:ylt . #= e|flGt cGodg:st
f lbUe|d . $= afwf Jojwfg .

cnIo lj) [;+)] != gb]lvPsf] nIo gulPsf] jf ug{ g;lsg] . @= cb[i6 . #= ghflgPsf] c1ft
. $= Wo]o gePsf] p2]Zolxt . cnv ljf)af]) [k|f) cnVo < ;+) cnIo] != hf]uL ;GGof;Lxn]
leIff dfUbf pRrf0f ug]{ zAb jf O{Zjsf] gfd . @= cb[Zo O{Zj . lj) gb]lvg] cb[Zo ck|ToI
f . wfL gf) != uf]vkGyLxsf] Ps ;Dk|bfo To;sf cg'ofoL . @= cnv hufP hLjglgjf{x ug]
Qm . gfdL gf) x]) cnvwfL . ~ ad\ad\ gf) != cnIo cf]d\cf]d\ cyf{t\ a|Xdf, lji0f', lzj
sf kdf xg] O{Zj . @= lj) af]) hf]uL;GGof;Lxn] leIff dfUbf pRrf0f ug]{ ;f]xL zAb cnv
nvf gf) [c) cnkmf] s7fnf] gePsf] Xjfnf{{\u] s'yf{ cnv hufpg]n] nufpg] vf]ns hf]uL;GGo
f;Ln] nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] Xjfnf{\u] sk8f ey{L . cnu lqm) lj) [k|f) cnUu < ;+) cnUg] !=
cnUu 5'} k[ys\ kms . lj) leGg 5'f] . cnuhL{ lj) [c) cnuh] != sfdsf] kaf{x gug]{ s
qmo xg] cN5L cnd:t lkmqmL gePsf] . @= csd{0o lasfd] a]sfd] . cnUu lqm) lj) [k|f) < ;
cnUg] 5'} leGg} a]Un} k[ys\ cnu . > cnlUug' c) lqm) cnUu x'g' 5'lg' . cnUofO gf) c
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cnUofOg' s) lqm) cnlUug] kflg' . cnUofpg' k|]) lqm) cnlUug]
kfg'{ . cnUofx6 gf) cnUofO . cn\s0f gf) [;+)] != uxgf cfe"if0f z[u \ fsf ;fdu|L .
fj6 z[\uf . > cn\s0fLo lj) cn\sfo{ . cn\sf gf) [;+)] != uxgf cfe"if0f z[\ufsf
hfj6 . #= cy{ut jf zflAbs rdTsfff ;flxTonfO{ l;Fufg]{ tj ePsf], ;flxTozf:qsf] Ps c\u
fJosf] rdTsfk"0f{ j0f{gz}nL . ~ k|fwfGojfb gf) cn\sfnfO{ g} sfJosf] cfTdf dfGg] ljrf
jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) cn\sfnfO{ g} k|d'vtf lbg] jf cn\sf k| f wfGojfbsf] cg' o foL .
ljwfg gf) sfJodf cn\sfxsf] :yfkgf jf ;+of]hg ug]{ lqmof . zf:q gf) sfJonfO{ f]rs
"0f{ ufpg] z}nLsf] ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q . cn\sfsf :jksf] j0f{g ulPsf] zf:q . ~ ;Dk|bfo
f) cn\sfnfO{ g} sfJosf] cfTdf dfGg] cfrfo{xsf] ;Dk|bfo . > cn\sfo{ lj) l;Fufg{ jf ;hf
pg nfos cn\s0fLo . cn\s[t lj) [;+)] != cn\sf jf cn\s0fn] k"0f{ l;FuflPsf] ;hfOP
lTos cn\sfff o'Qm . cn\3gLocn\o lj) [;+)] pNn\3g ug{ g;lsg] jf gx'g] gfg g;lsg]

cnd:tcnf}kj{ %= emd]nf 6G6f . ^= lhNnffd . > cndnfO gf) != cndn k}bf x'g] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . @= cndlng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cndlng' c) lqm) != cndndf kg'{ cndNn k
g'{ . @= nalg' ?dlng' . cndNofO gf) cndlng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cndNofOg' s) lqm)
cndlng] kflg' . cndNofpg' k|]) lqm) cndlng] kfg'{ cndlng nfpg' . cndNn lj) cndndf k]
sf] lhNn . cnd:t lj) [kmf)] lkmqmL gePsf] kjf{x gug]{ dugd:t dgdf]hL . > cnd:tL gf) a
lkmqmL dUgd:tL a]kjf{x dgdf]hLkg . cnd\ lj) af]) [;+)] != kof{Kt eof] jf k'Uof] eGg]
zAb . gf) @= xltfn . #= laR5Lsf] 8;fO jf lrnfO . cnDk6 lj) [;+)] != nDk6 gePsf] gn
xl;Psf] ;Rrlq . gf) @= vf]kL cGtk' . cnnlx;fa gf) [c)] kl5 lx;fa lnOg] uL lbOPsf] wg
cnlng' c) lqm) != ?Fbf?Fb} ;f; f]lsg' ctflng' . @= v"a;Fu vf]nfdf e]n a9\g' . #= kf
gL c6fO{gc6fO{ eP vf]nf cflb a9\g' af9L cfpg' . > cnNofO gf) cnlng] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . cnNofOg' s) lqm) cnlng] kflg' . cnNofpg' k|]) lqm) cnlng] kfg'{ ctfNofpg' . cnjf
g gf) [c)] Ps vfnsf] pmgLsf] cf]9g \ ] pmgLsf] vf:6f] . cn; lj) [;+)] cN5L cN5] cfn:o
o'St . tf gf) cN5Lkgf cN5]kg cfn:o . > cn;fO gf) cn;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cn;
fOg' s) lqm) cn;fpg] kflg' . cn;fOnf] lj) cn;fpg] kfnf{ h:tf] . cn;fpg' c) lqm) != c
N5L dfGg' . k|) ] lqm) @= cN5L kfg'{ jf kfg{ nufpg' . cn;fx6 gf) cn;fpg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . cnfk\g' c) lqm) [;+) cfnfkg] != ufgfsf] tfgf 5f]8\g' ufgfsf] efsfdf u'gu
'gfpg' . @= n]3f | ] tfg] s'g} s'f eGg' . cnfk gf) [;+) cfnfk] cfnfk lanf}gf . ~ ljn
fk gf) x]) cfnfkljnfk . > cnfkfO gf) cnfKg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cnflkg' c) lqm)
!= cnfKg] xf]Og' . s) lqm) @= d'vaf6 cnfk 5f8\g' . cnfe gf) [;+)] != nfe gx'g] l:
ylt 3f6f xflg gf]S;fgL gf]S;fg . s lj) nfe gx'g] xflgsfs . cln gf) [;+)] != edf
= sf]OnL . #= sf}jf sfu . $= laR5L . %= s's' . ^= dlbf . clnclns lj) [;+) cnLs] != yf
]} sd clnslt cNk clns clnstf . lqm) lj) @= cem . > clnstfclnslt lqm) lj) yf]} yf]
clnlvt lj) [;+)] gn]lvPsf] lnlka4 gePsf] . clnv] lqm) lj) [cln v]] Psl5g clns a] c
a] . clng'! gf) [d}) cngf] n'ufkmf6f] cflb e'mG8fpg 6fFluPsf]
76

8f]L jf sf7 cflbsf] 8G8Lbf j:t' l;Fuf}L . clng'@ lj) [;+) cnj0f] != g'g gePsf] g'g gx
n]sf] lalng' . @= vNnf] a]:jfbsf] . clngf] lj) [;+) cnj0f] x]) clng'@ . ~ e lj) != hG
d} g'g gvfO{ a:g] . gf) @= g]kfnL e a|fXd0fsf] Ps pke]b (cngfk'Laf6 cfPsf] cg'>'lt
df cfwflt) . clnKt lj) [;+)] != glnlkPsf] gkf]ltPsf] . @= g6fFl;Psf] lgln{Kt . clnkm
f;] { clnkmf:of{ gf) [c) cn\ kmflu] tf]lsPsf Dofbdf k};f a'emfpg g;s] sa'ncg';f lwtf]
kmf;]{ x'g] sfut jf Jojxf . clnafclna] lqm) lj) [cln a]nf] Ps l5g yf]} a] cNk ;do
gf) [;+)] edfsf] tfFtL jf k\lSt . cn'jf! gf) [cfnf] pjf] gpl;gLsg} ;'sfP s'6fPsf] wfgs
f] rfdn c?jf . cn'jf@ gf) ;v/v08 ;'7'gL . cn]v lj) [;+) cnIf] != wgf9 v"a wgL ;DklQz
;DkGg . @= Hofb} w]} k|z:t . cn]Vo lj) [;+)] != n]Vg g;lsg] gn]lvg] . @= cn]v . cn]L
) [cfnL PL] != v]tdf cfnL nufpg] dflg; cfnL nufpg] v]tfnf] . cn}r L gf) [;+) Pnf] !=
a];f, kfgL;f] cflbsf em}F nfdf nfdf 7"nf kft x'g], km]bdf kx]Fnf] k"mn k'mnL ;'s'd]
nsf] h:tf], t e6df;] \sf] s]xL 7"nf] sf];f]leq dl;gf u]8f nfUg], kfgL ePsf] jf l;nf]
7fpFdf x'g] Ps vfnsf] af]6 . @= To;}sf] kmn Pnf . ~ sf]7L gf) f0ffzf;gsf ;dodf c\u|
]h ;sf;Fu g]kfn ;sfsf] ;DaGw xFbf k6gfdf x]sf], g]kfntkm{sf] jfl0fHosfof{no . cn}l
j) [;+)] ln\u g5'lPsf] gk'+;s cof}g . cnf]s lj) [;+)] != gb]lvg] cb[Zo . @= lgh{g Ps
. gf) #= knf]s . $= ldYof bf]if sn\s . cnf]k lj) [;+)] nf]k gePsf] cn'Kt . ~ ;df; gf
ljelQm Pj+ ;+of]hssf] nf]k gx'g] ;df; . (pbf) eftsf nflu g]kfnL fhb"t, ;'gdf ;'uGw
, dfgljsL ;fdflhs zf:q, sfg'g tyf Gofo dGqfno O)) . cnf}lss lj) [;+)] != o; nf]sd
f gx'g] jf gkfOg] nf]sf]Q . @= cgf}7f] cb\e't . cnf}6f] lj) [cfnf] cf}6f]] != b"w ;'s]
klg k"0f{tM g;'ss ] f] cfnf] sfFrf] (ds}) . @= sfFrf]slrnf] g;'sfPsf] (ds}) . #= c
klkSj cfnf]sfFrf] . cnf}kj{ gf) [cnf} kj{] g]kfnsf] Ps k|l;4 P]ltxfl;s 36gf h\uaxfb's
mf}hn] tTsfnLg /fhf fh]Gb|sf kmf}hnfO{ k;f{ lhNnfsf] cnf} eGg] 7fpFdf xfO{ /fhfnfO
{

77

cNsLcNkmL gf) yf]} 1fg ePsf] cj:yf jf u'0f gf;demkgf . cNktf gf) [;+)] cNk x'gfsf] e
fj jf l:ylt Go"gtf sdL . cNkk|f0f gf) [;+)] kmf]S;faf6 sd dfqfdf ;f; k|jflxt x'b Ff
pTklQ x'g] Wjlg g]kfnL Jo~hgsf k|To]s ju{sf] k|yd (s, r, 6, t, k), t[tLo (u, h, 8,
b, a), k~rd (, g, d), tyf o, , n, j j0f{ . > cNkk|f0fLejg gf) zAbdf x]sf] dxfk|f0fWj
g cNkk|f0fWjlgdf kljlt{t x'g] k|lqmof . (h:t} af3rfn > afurfn x'b F f 3sf] u ePs
Nkef]u of]hgf gf) [;+)] != cfjZos j:t'sf] sd k|of]u ug]{ si6 ef]u] klg yf]} kbfy{af
6 g} sfd rnfpg hf]8 lbg] of]hgf ldtf]kef]u of]hgf . cNkdt gf) [;+)] != yf]} dt . @=
yf]} fo . #= rflxg]eGbf sd jf cfjZos kg]{eGbf sd dt . $= ljhoLn] kfPsf] eGbf 36L
dt . lj) %= cNk;\Vos . cNkSt gf) [;+)] != zLdf utsf] dfqf cfjZostfeGbf sd ePsf] cj:yf
. cNkjo:s lj) [;+)] != ;fgf] pd]sf] s]6fs]6L . @= gfaflnu . cNkjfbL lj) [;+)] != yf]}
af]Ng] sd af]Ng] . @= ;ef jf ;d"xdf cfgf] sd cg'ej c sf0faf6 sd af]Ng] (;b:o jf Jol
Qm) . cNkljsl;t lj) [;+)] != yf]} dfq ljsl;t ePsf] sd dfqfdf ljsf; ePsf] . @= yf]} a
9]sf] fd|L g;k|]sf] lhnLufG6] UofFr], afdk'8\s] . cNkljfd gf) [;+)] zAb, zAb;d"x j
zsf kl5lNt nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] ljfdlrXg kfbljfd (sdf) . ~ lrXg gf) cNkljfdsf] lrg' ( ,
cNk;\Vos lj) [;+)] yf]} ;\Vof ePsf] uGbf yf]} x'g] . cNkf+z gf) [;+)] cNk c+z yf]
cNkfO gf) [ cNk ( cfO)] cNkg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] cNkfOg' s) lqm) cNkg] kf
lg' . cNkfpg' k|) ] lqm) cNkg] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nfpg' . cNkfo' lj) [;+)] != yf]} cfo' e
Psf] yf]} lbg afFRg] sd cfo'sf] . gf) @= yf]/} jf 5f]6f] cfo' . cNkfy{s lj) [;+)] yf
]} cy{ a'emfpg] ;
\lIfKt cy{jfrs (zAb) . cNkfjsfz gf) [;+)] ljBfno, sfof{no cflbdf jf
v]n cflbsf ;dosf] aLrdf hnkfg jf lj>fdsf lglDt kfOg] yf]} 5'L 5f]6f] cjsfz jf k'm;
{b l6lkmg . cNkfjlw gf) [;+)] 5f]6f] ;do yf]} ;do . ~ C0f gf) yf]} ;dosf nflu dfq lnO
sf] jf lbOPsf] C0f yf]} cjlwdf a'emfpg'kg]{ C0f . clNkg' c) lqm) [cNkOg'] != cNkg] xf
]Og' . @= cNkg' . cNkLs0f gf) [;+)] clwsf, k|lti7f, dxj, zlSt cflbnfO{ eOx]sf] cj:yfa
f6 sd ufpg] lqmof . cNkmL gf) [c) cnkmL] Ps lsl;dsf] v'sn ' f] afFs6] 3fFu .

kqm]sf] Oltxf;k|l;4 36gf . cNsL gf) [c) cnkmf] leqL ef]6f] uf]nuGhL algofg . cNvf gf
) [;+) cns] v08v08 kfL p7fP agfOPsf] skfn . cNufO gf) [cNuf]cfO] cNuf]kgf prfO cUnf]k
f . clNug' c) lqm) [cNuf] O g'] cNuf] x'g' csf] eGbf a9L prfO x'g' vf; :yfg jf ;txeGbf
ly xg' . cNuf] lj) [;+) c nUg] ljz]if kx'r F jf lj:tfeGbf pFrf] dfly p7]sf] vf; 7fpF j
;txeGbf dflylt x]sf] cUnf] . > cNUofO gf) clNug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cNUofOg' s)
lqm) cNuf] kflg' clNug] kfl/g' . cNUofpg' k|) ] lqm) cNuf] kfg'{ clNug] kfg'{ . cN5
fO gf) [ cN5fp -cfO_] cN5fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cN5fOg' c) lqm) cN5fpg] xf]Og
' . cN5fpg' c) lqm) [cN5Lcfpg'] cN5L x'g' hfFu dg'{ . cN5LcN5] lj) [;+ ) cfn;L ] cN
fF u d?jf sfdsff]afdf lgliqmo aGg] . > cN5fO gf) cN5Lkgf cN5]kg hfFud?jf rfn . cN
) [k|f) pHemlnc g'] != km:g' clNemg' . @= f]lsg' c8\sg' . #= cndlng' cNemf]df kg'{ . >
cNemfO gf) cNemg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cNemfOg' s) lqm) cNemg nufOg' c8\sg] kflg
' . cNemfpg' k|]) lqm) cNemg] jf c8\sg] kfg'{ km:g nufpg' cNemf]df kfg'{ . cNemfpg]
lj) [cNemfp g] ] cNemg] kfg]{ cNemf]df fVg] . laNemfpg] lj) 3Jojxfsf hGhfndf km;fpg]
]6f s]6L cflb h:t} lbbLsf t cNemfpg]laNemfpg] sf]xL 5}gg\) . clNemg' c) lqm) [cNemf
] O g' ] cNemg] xf]Og' cNemg' . cNemf] gf) [k|f) pHemlncf] ] != c8\sfp afwf . @= cndn e
d]nf ?dnf] . #= emGem6 ofpnf] . laNemf] gf) cNemfpg] aNemfpg] sfd 5]sfaf . > cNo
lNemg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . cNofOg' s) lqm) clNemg] kflg' . cNofpg' k|) ] lqm) clNemg]
kfg'{ cNemfpg' . clN6d]6d gf) [c\)] clGtd]Tyd\ . cNtflng' c) lqm) [ctflng' ] ctflng'
. cNkg' c) lqm) [cnk g' ] != gb]lvg] x'g' cnk x'g' cGtwf{g x'g' . @= l5Kg' n'Sg' . #=
lanfpg' xfpg' . cNk lj) [;+)] != yf]} clnslt sDtL . @= ;fgf] 5f]6f] . sflns lj) y
f] yf]} ;dosf] s]xL lbgsf] 5f]6f] cjlwsf] cNksfnLg . sfnLg lj) cNksflns . cNkSsf g
k]) Pnkfsf] x]) cnkSsf . cNkhLjL lj) [;+)] != yf]} cfo' ePsf] cNkfo' yf]} lbg;Dd dfq
afFRg] . cNk1 lj) [;+)] != yf]} 1fg ePsf] yf]} hfGg] sd hfGg] . @= ;fgf] a'l4sf] 5f]6
] a'l4 ePsf] . #= gf;dem . tf

cNof6NofcNofdNofcjt0f cNof6NofcNofdNof lqm) lj) [c) d") cNof (l))] cndn cfn
] != s'g} sfd klg Psfu| eP gug]{ cl:ylrQ ljrf k'ofP sfd gug]{ dgdf hf] cfof] ;f] ug
f]hL . @= cNnf] cnd:t . #= a]OndL lg?Bf]u . cNnf gf) [c) cNnfx] d';ndfgxn] dfGg] O{Zj
. cNnflg' c) lqm) [cNnf] O g'] != cNnf] aGg' a]sfddf otfplt lxF8\g' aflng' ef}Ftfl
dL x'g' sfd gkfpg' . cNnf] lj) [cNn9] != a]sfddf otfplt lxFl8xg] htftt} ef}FtflOxg]
. @= k"0f{ of}jgfj:yfsf] d:t hjfg . #= cfnf]sfFrf] cj:yfsf] . kgf gf) cNnf] rfn cfn
f]sfFrf]kgf . cNnfofO gf) [ cNnfl ( cfOF)] cNnflg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cNn
g' s) lqm) cNnflg] kflg' jf ufOg' . cNnfofpg' k|) ] lqm) cNnflg] kfg'{ jf ufpg' cN
pg' . clNn lj) [;+) cNk] != cln (hf]8 lbFbf) . lqm) lj) @= cem c . cNn]kf6 gf) [cNn]k
f6] g]kfnL sfut agfpg tyf wf]qmf, n's'gL cflb agfpgsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] l;:g'h:t}
Ps k|sfsf] a'6f] (cNnf])sf] kf6 . cNnf] gf) [cff]] kf6sf] wfuf] agfP wf]qmf cGo nuf
g] ;fwg agfOg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] vfnsf] l;:g' n]sfnL l;:g' . cNjfg gf) [c) cnjfg] pm
gLsf] cf]9\g] ;n . cN;]l;og gf) [c\) PN;]Ozg] AjfF;f] s'sg ' L{sf ;Dks{af6 hlGdPsf]
s's'sf] Ps hft . cj+z lj) [;+)] != lgj{z + j+zxLg ck"tf] . gf) @= gfd|f] j+z s'j+z
cj pk) [;+)] zAbsf clulNt nfu] lgZro, cgfb, Go"gtf cflb cy{ a'emfpg] pk;u{ (cjwf0ff,
cjf]w, cj1f O)) . s0f gf) b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L f;folgs kbfy{ ldn] ag]sf] j:t' jf of
lusaf6 s'g} Ps tjnfO{ x6fpg] jf cnu ug]{ lqmof (h:t} kfgLaf6 clS;hg, luGgLaf6 tfdf
O)) . sif{0f gf) != tnlt l3::ofpg] lqmof . @= tfGg] jf lvRg] lqmof . sng gf) != hD
df ug]{ jf ;\sng ug]{ lqmofk|lqmof ldnfpg] jf ;d]6\g] lqmof . @= x]g]{ jf ljrf ug]{
lqmof . #= u|x0f ug]{ jf lng] lqmof . $= hfGg] jf 1fg ug]{ lqmof . cjsfz gf) [;+
)] != ljz]if sfd gePsf] ;do k'm;{b . @= labf 5'L . #= cj; df}sf ofd . $= vfnL 7fpF z
:yn . ~ u|x0f gf) s'g} sfd jf kbaf6 k'm;{b lng] lqmof . ~ k|fKt lj) != cj; jf df}s
f kfPsf] . @= 5'L
78

kfPsf] jf labf lnPsf] . #= s'g} sfd jf kbaf6 5'6sff kfPsf] . $= ;sfL ;]jf, ;fj{hlgs
hLjg cflbaf6 lj>fd lng] jf x'g] . cjsL0f{ lj) [;+)] rf}lt 5lPsf] rf}tkm{ lkFmlhPsf]
jf km}lnPsf] . cjs'07g gf) [;+)] != 9fs5f]k ug]{ jf 5]sy'g ug]{ sfd . @= cfs[i6 u
g]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . cjs'l07t lj) [;+)] cjs'07g ePsf] 9flsPsf] 5]lsPsf] jf f]lsPsf]
. cjStJo lj) [;+)] != eGg gx'g] af]Ng gx'g] . @= cZnLn kmf]xf] . gf) #= gfd|f] jStJo
d|f] efif0f . cjv08g gf) [;+)] sf6\g,] v'8 F g \ ,] 6'qmfpg] jf v08xdf ljeflht ug]{
sfd ljv08g v'F8fO 6'qmfO . cjut lj) [;+)] != hfg]sf] jf a'em]sf] ljlbt 1ft . @= tn
f] v;]sf] . > cjutfy{ lj) != cjut jf 1ft ug{ pkof]uL l;Sg Pj+ a'g nfos . lqm) lj) @=
1fgsf lglDt cjut ugf{sf nflu af]wfy{ . gf) #= cjut ePsf] cy{ . cjult gf) != cjut x
'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf hfgsfL 1fg . @= vfa ult b'u{lt . cju'0f gf) [;+)] vfa jf gfd|f]
b'u'{0f vf]6 bf]if . cju'07g gf) [;+)] != 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] lqmof . @= 3'D6f] kbf{ . c
ju'l07t lj) [;+)] != 9fs]sf] jf 5f]ks ] f] . @= 3'D6f] xfn]sf] . #= kbf{ nufPsf]
. cju'Dkmg gf) [;+)] != pGg] jf ufF:g] sfd . @= t'Gg] jf l;pg] lqmof . cju'lDkmt l
j) [;+)] != plgPsf] jf ufFl;Psf] . @= t'lgPsf] jf l;OPsf] . cjr]tg lj) [;+)] k"f x
f]; gePsf] k"0f{ r}tGo gePsf] cGtZr]tgfsf] afXo r]tgf;Fu ;DalGwt gx]sf] . cjlR5Gg lj)
[;+)] != r'F8flnPsf] l5gflnPsf] . @= 5'fOPsf] 6'qmfOPsf] . #= aLraLrdf vl08t x]sf] j
afwflag cfOkgf{n] f]lsg uPsf] (cjl:ylt) . cjR5]b gf) [;+)] != 5'fpg] jf cnu t'Nofpg]
lqmof . @= 6'\uf] xb ;Ldf . #= cjwf0f lgZro . $= efu v08 . %= klR5]bsf ljleGg c\u
]v cflbdf pkzLif{sff 5'lPsf] c+z pkklR5]b . cj1f gf) [;+)] != csf] pk]Iff ug]{ jf cf
g6]g{] sfd x]nf lt:sf lgGbf . @= s'g} cf1f jf lgodsfg'gsf] pNn\3g . jfb gf) s'g} k
jf kDkfut ljifosf] cjx]ngf ug]{ l;4fGt . > cj1ft lj) cj1f ulPsf] x]nf ulPsf] lt:s[
bt . cjt0f gf) [;+)] != tn emg]{ jf cf]n{g] lqmof ofg cflb hldgdf pqg] sfd . @= kf n
fUg] jf kf x'g] sfd . #=

79

cjtl/tcjf]x cjgt lj) [;+)] != lgx']sf] g'x]sf] e'ms]sf] ljgd| . @= lu]sf] v;]sf]
cjglt ePsf] pGglt x'g g;s]sf] . ljk) pGgt . > cjglt gf) != cwf]ult xLg cj:yf b'ul{
t ktg . @= gd|tf ljgd|tf . #= Go"gtf sdL . cjlgcjgL gf) [;+)] k[YjL k[lyjL . > cjgLZj
) fhf e"klt . cjlGtcjGtL gf) [;+)] lxGb"xsf ;ft df]Ifk'LdWo] Ps pHh}g . cjkft gf) [
!= ef}uf]lns blIf0ff]Q ]vf r'DasLo blIf0ff]Q ]vfsf] k:k ldng ePsf :yfgsf] sf]0f . @
n emg]{ jf v:g] lqmof . cjaf]w gf) [;+)] != hfGg], a'g] jf ;Demg] sfd a'emfO 1fg . @
= hfuf x'g] lqmof Ao"FemfO . #= ljj]rgf JofVof . cjaf]wg gf) [;+)] a'g] jf a'emfpg]
sfo{ . ~ sIff gf) ;;fgf ;d"xsf ljBfyL{xsf] vf; ljifosf] l;sfOdf k'gEof; jf cem cEof
; ufpg ;xof]u x'g] b[li6n] lzIfsaf6 ;~rfng x'g] sIff . cjdfg gf) [;+)] ckdfg lt:sf x]
fF . cjd"Nog gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'sf] d"No 36\g] jf dxj sd x'g] lqmof . @= ;sfn] c b
]zsf d'b|fsf t'ngfdf cfgf] b]zsf d'b|fsf] d"No 36fpg] sfd . cjoj gf) [;+)] != s'g}
l;\uf] j:t'sf] Ps v08 jf c+z efu lx:;f . @= zLsf] s'g} efu c\u . > cjojL lj) != k"
u ePsf] l;\uf] ;Unf] . @= w]} cjoj ePsf] . #= cjojwfL c\uL . cjo:s lj) [;+)] pd] g
f] sd pd]sf] cNkjo:s . cj! lj) [;+) ck] csf]{ ck . cj@ lj) [;+)] != sd;n ghftL @
f] . k|jfno'u gf) k|jfno'ueGbf klxn]sf] o'u d'uf kfOPsf ;dosf] o'u cfheGbf krf; ;o
sf]8 jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] o'u . cj?4 lj) [;+)] != f]s nfu]sf] f]lsPsf] . @= aGb ulP
y'lgPsf] . #= n'sfPsf] l5kfPsf] . cjf]w gf) [;+)] f]sfj6 afwf c8\sfp . > cjf]ws lj)
sfj6 ug]{ 5]Sg] y'Gg] . @= 3]g]{ 5]sff] dfg]{ . cjf]wg gf) f]s c8\sfp 5]sf] 3]f]
) f]lsPsf] 5]lsPsf] y'lgPsf] . cjf]wL lj) f]Sg] 5]Sg] cjf]ws . cjf]k0f gf) [;+)]
] j:t' pv]Ng] sfd pGd"ng . @= cff]k x6fpg] lqmof . cjf]lkt lj) [;+)] != cjf]k0f ulPsf
. @= nfu]sf] cff]k x6fOPsf] jf lkmtf{ lnOPsf] . cjf]x gf) [;+)] != tn emg]{ jf cf]
ng { ] lqmof . @= ;\uLtdf :jxnfO{ qmd}n] lgiffbb]lv if8\hlt kmsf{pg] sfd . #=

cjtf u|x0f ug]{, hGdg] jf k|fb'ef{j x'g] lqmof . $= l;F9L 3f6 . %= pb\w[t c+z p40f .
^= k|lts[lt jf k|ltd"lt{ . ~ lrXg gf) cjt0f hgfpg] lrXg x]) p40flrXg . ~ ky gf) xjfO
hxfh cflb p8\g jf pqgsf nflu s'b\g x'g] nfdf] af6f] . ~ e"ld gf) xjfO{hxfh pqg] k
mflsnf] hldg . > cjtl0fsf gf) s'g} u|Gysf] d'Vo ljifo;Fu ;DaGw fVg] e"ldsf pkf]b\3ft
. cjtlt lj) [;+)] != tn em]sf] jf pq]sf] cf]ln{Psf] . @= p40f ulPsf] p4[t . #= cjtf
f] . cjtf gf) [;+)] != hGd lng] jf zL wf0f ug]{ lqmof . @= b]jtfxn] dg'io jf c k|f0f
] zLdf hGd lng] lqmof k'f0fcg';f lji0f' eujfg\sf rf}aL; cjtf (a|Xdf, jfx, gfb, ggf
kn, bQfq]o, o1, Cife, k[y', dT:o, s"d{, wGjGtl, df]lxgL, g[l;+x, jfdg, kz'fd, j]bJo
f;, fd, anfd, s[i0f, a'4, slNs, x+; xou|Lj) . #= tn emg],{ cf]ng { ] Pj+ pFwf] nfU
g] lqmof . > cjtf0f gf) != tn cf]fNg] jf emfg]{ lqmof . @= b]vfl;sL jf gSsn . cjtfL l
j) != k|f0fLxsf zLdf hGd lnPsf] cjtf lnPsf] . @= cgf}7f] :jefjsf] ck"j{sf] a]9a . #=
f}7f] sfd ug]{ rdTsfL . $= cf]n{g], tn emg]{ jf pFwf] nfUg] . %= cf}tfL . cjtf] lj) c
jtfL cf}tfL . cjtL0f{ lj) [;+)] != tn cf]n]{sf] jf em]sf] . @= cjtf lnPsf] cjtfL c
cjbfg gf) [;+)] != klxn] ePsf] jLtf, zf}o{, Tofu cflb dxjk"0f{ sfo{ k"jj { Q [ . @=
z'4 cfr0f kljq Jojxf . #= 5'fpg] jf 6'qmfpg] sfd v08g . cjw gf) [;+)] cof]Wof k|fGt
b]z . cjwfg gf) [;+)] s'g} ljifodf ePsf] dgsf] Psfu|tf lrQ l:y ufpg] sfd dgf]of]u Wof
. cjwf0fcjwf0ff gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljifok|lt ljrfk"js { ulg] lgZro . @= s'g} s'fnfO{
6]} b]vfpg] jf eGg] sfd . #= ;Ldf xb kfsfi7f . > cjwf0ffy{s lj) Jofs0fcg';f jfSo jf
f k|of]udf ;DalGwt jfSo jf zAbnfO{ lglZrt ug{ jf ltgdf lglZrttfsf] cy{ lbg cfpg]
(g}, P] cflb lgkftsf e]b) . cjwflt lj) [;+)] lgZro ulPsf] lgwf] ulPsf] . @= lsl6Psf]
. cjlw gf) [;+)] != ;Ldf xb . @= lgwf{lt ;do Dofb . #= clGtd ;do clGtd sfn . cjw"t g
) [;+)] != gfykGyL l;4 of]uL ;fw' ;GGof;L . lj) @= eg]sf] gdfGg] c6]L lhfxf . #= cgf}
f] cb\e't zlQm ePsf] . cjWo lj) [;+)] != dfg{ jf lx+;f ug{ gx'g] k|f0fb08 lbg gx'g]
. @= dfg{ jf xTof ug{ g;lsg] .

cju{cjl;~rg af]Nbf jf k9\bf x'g] :jsf] cf]nf{O . > cjf]x0f gf) dflyaf6 tn emg]{ jf c
f]n{g] lqmofk|lqmof cf]nf{O . cjf]xL lj) cf]ng { ] cf]ln{x]sf] . cju{ lj) [;+)] != ju
df gk]sf] ju{aflxsf] k'mf 5'f . gf) @= gfd|f] ju{ s'ju{ . #= :jj0f{ . cj0f{ lj)
f{ jf f]ug gldNg] . @= j0f{ jf uf]qaflxsf] . gf) #= gfd|f] \u jf j0f{ . $= csf cIf
j0f{gLo lj) [;+)] j0f{g ug{ g;lsg] jf gx'g] j0f{g g} ug'{ gkg]{ . cj0o{ lj) [;+)] x
]) cj0f{gLo . cjn\3g gf) [;+)] gfg] jf km8\sg] sfd pNn\3g . cjnDa gf) [;+)] != l6Sg]
f c8\g] 7fpF cf>o cfwf cfnDag . lj) @= s'g} j:t' jf s'fdf c8]sf] e'mlG8Psf] t'n'{\l
. > cjnDag gf) != s'g} cfwfdf l6Sg] c8\g] efj jf l:ylt cf>o 6]jf . @= u|x0f jf wf0f
g]{ sfd c\uLsf . #= cg's0f cg';0f . cjnDagLo lj) cfwf lng of]Uo cjnDag ug{ nfos .
lj) != ;xff lnPsf] cfwflt cfl>t . @= e'mlG8Psf] plemlG8Psf] . cjnDaL lj) != cfwf lng
8g] cf>oL . @= e'mlG8g] plemlG8g] . \ ] jf r'8 F g \ ] lqmof . @= tfGg] jf cjn'~rg
gf) [;+)] != n'5g n'F8fpg] lqmof . #= pv]Ng] lqmof . cjn'l~rt lj) [;+)] != n'l5Psf
] r'Fl8Psf] pv]lnPsf] . gf) @= lbuDa ;Dk|bfosf h}g >d0f (leIf', ;GGof;L) . cjn'07g g
f) [;+)] != n8La8L ug]{ jf u'N6L v]Ng] lqmof . @= n'6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . cjn'
l07t lj) [;+)] != n8]sf] 9n]sf] . @= n'l6Psf] vf]l;Psf] . #= u'N6L v]n]sf] n8La8L u]s
f] . $= ldlNsPsf] . cjn]vg gf) [;+)] != tf5\g] jf v's{g] sfd . @= ]vf tfGg] jf wsf
]{ sf]g]{ lqmof . #= skfnsf] sf]fO jf tnf;fO . $= clen]v n]Vg] sfd, sKg] lqmof .
> cjn]vgL gf) != vL k]lG;n . @= sfOFof] sf\luof] . #= a'?; s"rL . $= l5g' . cjn]kg g
[;+)] != lnKg] jf kf]Tg] lqmof . @= zLdf 3:g] t]n, kfp8, a's'jf cflb kbfy{ . #= Pst
f d]n . $= cledfg ;]vL 3dG8 . cjn]xcjn]xg gf) [;+)] != rf6\g] lqmof . @= rf6] vfOg] k
fy{ . cjnf]sg gf) [;+)] != ;"Id kdf x]g{] jf tYo kQf nufpg cWoog ug]{ sfd lgLIf0f .
@= cfFvf gog g]q . ~ ljlw gf) != ljBfyL{xsf pRrf0f, kb, jfSou7g, ljifoj:t', cleJolQm;
fdYo{, lzNkljwfg cflbsf] lgLIf0f ug]{ kf7ljlw jf snf lgLIf0fljlwff k9fOg] Ps tlsf .
s'g} u|Gyleqsf d'Vod'Vo a'b F fx ;;tL x] ] df]6fdf]6L cWoog
80

ulg] k4lt . > cjnf]sgLo lj) != cjnf]sg ug{ of]Uo . @= cToGt ;'Gb bz{gLo . cjnf]lst lj
) [;+)] != cjnf]sg ulPsf] tYoftYo kQf nufpg] lsl;dn] x]lPsf] jf lgLIf0f ulPsf] . @= s
'g} ljifoj:t'sf] lgk0fsf lglDt ;"Id kdf cWoog ulg] (b[li6 jf ljrf) . > cjnf]lst]Zj gf
!= O{ZjnfO{ b]v]sf] JolQm . @= af]lw;j . #= dT:o]Gb|gfy dl5Gb|gfy . cjz lj) [;+)] s
;}sf] jz jf cwLgdf gePsf] cfk"mv';L ug{ kfOg] :jfwLg k'mSsf . tf gf) csf{sf jzdf gx]
f] l:ylt jf efj kfwLgtfsf] cefj :jtGqtf . cjlzi6 lj) [;+)] != cjz]if x]sf] s'g} j:t'
'g} sfddf nufP afFsL x]sf] ar]sf] z]if x]sf] . @= vfP afFsL x]sf] k]6 elP ar]sf]
k'f . ~ zlQm gf) ;+ljwfg jf P]gsfg'g cflbdf :ki6;Fu gtf]lsPsf] eP klg k|;\un] k|of]
u ug{ ;lsg] zlQm jf clwsf . ~ kj{t gf) cgfj[QLs0fff gd efu lvOP afFsL x]sf] kxf8L e
. ' s ] f] cjz]if gf) [;+)] != pkof]u jf pkef]udf cfP ar]vr j:t' z]if k'f . lj) @= cj
lzi6 . cjZo lqm) lj) [;+)] != guL gx'g] ug}{ kg]{ . @= lgZro g} h? kSsf . > cjZod]j
) lj) lgZro g} kSsfkSsL . cjZoDefjL lj) cjZo eO5f8\g] eljiodf s'g} 36gf 36\g] lgZro
ePsf] kSs} x'g] . cj;Gg lj) [;+)] != cfkt\ljkt\df k]sf] b'Mv kfPsf] ljkGg . @= v]bdf
k]sf] lvGg . cj; gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfds'f] ug{ ldNbf]hN ' bf] l:ylt cg's"ntf df}sf
. @= cjsfz k'm;{b . ~ u|x0f gf) ;do kfPsf] cj:yf k'm;{b lnPsf] l:ylt . jfb gf) df}sf
5f]kfOaf6 nfe p7fpg] jf :jfy{kl" t{ ug]{ l;4fGt tfs5f]k'jf dt tfs5f]kfOsf] l;4fGt
. jflbtf gf) cj; x] ] nfe p7fpg] sfd df}sf5f]kfO tfs5f]kj ' fkg . jfbL lj) != cj
cg'ofoL jf ;dy{s . @= cfgf] kmfObfsf] lglDt df}sf 5f]Kg l;kfn' cfgf] dfq rfFhf]kfFh
f] ldnfpg] (JolQm) . cj;fb gf) [;+)] != dgdf kg]{ k5'tfp v]b . @= pT;fx, cfzf, zlQ
m cflbsf] cefj . #= ysfO Unflg . $= sdhf]L . > cj;fbg gf) x]nf, la5f]8 cflbaf6 x'g]
dfgl;s tyf ;f+j]lus k|lts"ntfsf] l:ylt . cj;fg gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfds'fsf] 6'\Uofp
gL ;dflKt 6'\uf] cGt . @= k'5f lsgff ;Ldf 5]p . #= ;fFem a]n'sL ;fo\sfn . $= la
%= d[To' d0f gfz . s lj) gfz ufpg] d[To's . cjl;~rg gf) [;+)] != hn 5s{g] sfd .
fnLdf kfgL k6fpg] sfd .

81

cjl;l~rtcljBdfg cjfn] gf) OF6, lemFu6L, 6fon cflb agfpg], kf]Ng] cflb sfd ug]{ Jol
Qm . cjf:tj lj) [;+)] c;To e"m6f] ldYof . > cjf:tljs lj) != jf:tljs gePsf] e"m6f] c;T
. @= sfNklgs . cljsn lj) [;+)] != ;a} c\u ;fa't ePsf] h:tfsf] t:tf] 6'6k'm6 gePsf] ;
Unf] ;vNn k"0f{ . @= ljXjn gePsf] gctfl;Psf] . cljsNk lj) [;+)] != ljsNk gePsf] csf]{
kIf gePsf] ;f gePsf] lglj{sNk . @= ;Gb]x gePsf] lg:;lGbUw . gf) #= csf]{ kIf jf ljs
Nk gx'gfsf] l:ylt ;Gb]xsf] cefj . ] sf] af6f]3f6f], lah'nLkfgL, cljsl;t lj) [;+)]
!= s'g} 7fpF jf k|bz :jf:YolzIff cflbsf] fd|f] Joj:yf eOg;s]sf] ljsf; jf lgdf{0f g
ePsf] . @= gx'ss {] f] ga9]sf] . #= c;Eo uFjf . cljsf lj) [;+)] != ljsf gePsf] glalu
f] gablnPsf] lglj{sf . @= gplUnPsf] g;8]sf] . #= gelTsPsf] g6'lqmPsf] . > cljsfL lj)
ljsf gx'g] jf k gablng] (clg, klg cflb zAb) . cljs[t lj) [;+)] != ljs[t gePsf] glal
u|Psf] ggfl;Psf] . @= gk]mlPsf] ckljlt{t . #= gplUnPsf] g;8]sf] . clj3ft lj) [;+)] !=
rf]6k6s gnfu]sf] 7];7Ss cflb gvfPsf] . @= ljgafwf gePsf] . #= lag} w]} . cljg lj) [
ljg gk]sf] lglj{g . cljrn lj) [;+)] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf g;g]{ crn l:y . > cljrl
ljrlnt gePsf] g8udufPsf] c6n l:y . cljrf gf) [;+)] != fd|f] ljrfsf] cefj vfa ljr
j) @= vfa ljrf fVg] s'ljrfL . > cljrflt lj) ljrf gk'ofOPsf] . cljrfL lj) plrtcg'
gePsf] . cljlR5Gg lj) [;+)] aLraLrdf g6'6s ] f] ljlR5Gg gx'g] c6'6 nuftf lgGt . ~ p
gf) vl08t geO{sg kDkfb]lv g} kfOcfPsf] k}t[s xs . cljR5]b lj) [;+)] != ljR5]b gePsf
] . gf) @ gl5g]sf] cj:yf lgjlR5Ggtf . cljlht lj) [;+)] ljho gulPsf] glhltPsf] lhTg g;
sPsf] . clj1 lj) [;+)] lj1 gePsf] chfg . tf gf) clj1 x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt cghfgkg .
clj1ft lj) [;+)] != ghfg]sf] yfxf gePsf] . @= ghfGg] yfxf gkfpg] . cljlbt lj) [;+)]
ghflgPsf] yfxf gePsf] g;lDemPsf] glrlgPsf] c1ft . cljBdfg lj) [;+)] != ljBdfg gePsf]
ufl8 gx]sf] cg'kl:yt . @= e"m6f] c;To ldYof .

cjl;l~rt lj) [;+)] != l;~rg ulPsf] jf 5ls{Psf] . @= afnLgfnL cflbdf kfgL k6fOPsf]
. cj;]rg gf) [;+)] != hn l;~rg ug]{ jf 5s{g] sfd . @= f]uLsf zLaf6 kl;gf jf ljs[t ut
lemSg] sfo{ jf k|lqmof . cj:yn gf) [;+)] lktfk'vf{b]lv a;f]af; ulcfPsf] 7fpF yft ynf
] . cj:yf gf) [;+)] != s'g} 36gf jf sfo{sf] l:ylt xfnt bzf . @= a]nf ;do sfn df}sf c
#= pd] cfo' jo . $= pd]sf] l:ylt (lzz', s'df, lszf], o'jf, j[4 cflb) . %= hLljt k|f0
Lsf] b}glGbg cj:yf (hfu|t,\ :jKg, ;'if'lKt) . cjl:yt lj) [;+)] != s'g} ljlzi6 l:y
ltdf cfPsf] x]sf] a;]sf] . @= df}h'b pkl:yt . #= l6s]sf] cl8Psf] . $= ef}uf]lns kdf
f] . > cjl:ylt gf) != s'g} 36gf jf sfo{sf] l:ylt jt{dfgtf . @= xg] sfd pkl:ylt . #= x
g] 7fpF a;f]af; lgjf; 3 . cjlxTyf gf) [;+)] eo, nHhf, uf}j cflb sf0faf6 cfk"mdf ePsf
iff]{Nnf; n'sfpg] sfd ;flxTosf t]QL; ;~rfL efjdWo] Ps efj . cjx]ns lj) [;+)] cjx]ng
f ug]{ c s;}nfO{ x]nf jf ckdfg ug]{ . cjx]ngf gf) [;+)] x]nf jf 3[0ff ug]{ sfd x]kfO
lt:sf ckdfg . cjx]nf gf) [;+)] x]) cjx]ngf . > cjx]lnt lj) cjx]ngf ulPsf] x]lkPsf] .
fO gf) [cfp cfO] cfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hjfO gf) cfpg] hfg] sfd cfOhfO cfphf
cjfs\ lj) [;+)] != pd] k'u ] klg af]nL gk'm6]sf] af]Ng g;Sg] . @= r'k df}g . #= crDd
rlst ljl:dt . gf) $= af]nL aGb x]sf] l:ylt . cjf\dv ' lj) [;+)] != d'v tnlt kms]s {
f] pFwd'G6] 3f]K6f] pleG8f] . @= nfh wsn] lz g'xfPsf] d'G6f] lgx'fPsf] . cjfRo lj)
] != s;}nfO{ ufnL jf b'jr { g ug{ gx'g] clgGB . @= eGg gx'g] csYo . #= s'f p7fpg jf
k|;\u rnfpg gldNg] . $= blIf0f lbzflt x'g] jf kfOg] blIf0f lbzflt Jojxf ulg] . gf) %
vfa af]nL s'jfRo . cjf~5gLo lj) [;+)] jf~5f jf rfxgf gePsf] dg gk]sf] cgeLi6 . cjfl~
t lj) [;+)] OR5f gulPsf] cjf~5gLo . cjfGt lj) [;+)] aLrdf x]sf] dfemdf k]sf] dWojt
e]b gf) d"n k|sf jf lsl;dleq kg]{ ;;fgf k|sf uf}0f e]b . cjf gf) [;+)] gbLsf] jNnf] l
gf jf 5]p jfl . cjfn gf) [g]jf) cjfM] != OF6, lemFu6L, 6fon cflb kf]Ng] ef . @= OF6,
lemFu6L cflb kf]Ng] k];f ePsf] hflt . >

cljBfcj}w cljBf gf) [;+)] != ljBfsf] cefj lgIftf . @= -bfz{lgs If]qdf_ ;f+;fls dfofdf
xdf km;fpg] ldYof 1fg cflTds b[li6n] 3fts dflgg] OlGb|ohGo Ifl0fs 1fg clgTonfO{ lg
To ;Demg] ldYof a'l4 . cljgo gf) [;+)] != ljgo jf gd|tfsf] cefj lzi6tf cflbsf] cef
j . @= p208tf w[i6tf . cljgZj lj) [;+)] gZj jf gfzjfg\ gePsf] gfz gx'g] cljgfzL . clj
fefj gf) [;+)] b'O{ j:t'sf aLr slxNo} g6'6g \ ] kf:kls clgjfo{ ;DaGw . (pbf) cfuf] w
"jfFdf cljgfefj ;DaGw x]sf] x'G5) . cljgfzL lj) [;+)] != slxNo} ljgfz gx'g] cgZj cIfo
. @= zfZjt lgTo :yfoL . cljgLt lj) [;+)] != ljgLt gePsf] glgx']sf] ljgoxLg . @= p208
[i6 pR5[\vn . cljkGg lj) [;+)] != ljkGg gePsf] ;'vL . @= lgf]uL :j:y . #= s'g} cf3ft
f rf]6 gnfu]sf] s'g} Iflt gk'us ] f] . $= kljq ljz'4 . cljeQm lj) [;+)] ljeQm gePsf
] c+zaG8f gePsf] g5'lPsf] (s'6'Da, kljf O)) . cljefHo lj) [;+)] != ljefhg jf afF8kmfF
gx'g] afF8\g g;lsg] . gf) @= s'g} efhsaf6 klg lgMz]if efu gnfUg] ;\Vof . cljn lj) [
;+)] != ldn]sf] g5'lPsf] 3gf . lqm) lj) @=nuftf lgGt . cljfd lj) [;+)] != ljfd ge
sf] . lqm) lj) @= f]s6f]sljgf lgGt nuftf . clj?4 lj) [;+)] lj?4 gePsf] lglj{?4 . cl
) [;+)] ljf]w gePsf] cj:yf ljf]w gug]{ sfd . > cljf]wL lj) ljf]wL gePsf] ljf]w gug]
ljnIo lj) [;+)] != s'g} klg nIo gePsf] p2]ZoljxLg . @= cf}ifwL gnfUg] lrlsT;f ug{ g
;lsg] . cljnDa lj) [;+)] != l9nf] gePsf] ljnDa gulPsf] . lqm) lj) @= rfF8} t'?Gt em6k
6 . cljno lj) [;+)] != ljno gx'g] k]ml6P tn gaGg] . @= gu'Dg] gxfpg] . gf) #= ljnosf]
cefj glanfpg] l:ylt . cljjfb gf) [;+)] != ljjfbsf] cefj ljjfb gx'g] l:ylt ;xdlt . lj
) @= ljjfb gePsf] lglj{jfb . cljjfx lj) [;+)] != ljjfx gePsf] s'df cj:yfsf] . gf) @=
ljjfx gePsf] cj:yf . > cljjflxt lj) ljjfx gePsf] s'df cj:yfsf] . cljjflxtf lj) ljjf
x gePsL s'dfL cj:yfsL . cljj]s gf) [;+)] != ljj]ssf] cefj ljj]sxLgtf cljrf . @= gf;de
gfbfgL . #= bz{gzf:qdf ljlzi6 1fgsf] cefj
82

ldYof 1fg . $= Gofosf] cefj cGofo . > cljj]lstf gf) ljj]sxLgtf c1fgtf d"v{tf . cljj]
sL lj) ljj]s gePsf] c1fgL d"v{ . clj>fGt lj) [;+)] != lj>fd gu]sf] gyfSg] . @= gf]ls
uftf sfds'f ulxg] . cljZj;gLo lj) [;+)] ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] ljZjf;of]Uo gePsf] . cljZj:
lj) [;+)] != ljZjf; gulPsf] ;Gb]xo'Qm ;lGbUw . @= ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] cljZj;gLo . cljZ
jf; gf) [;+)] != ljZjf; jf lglZrt wf0ffsf] cefj ckTof . @= ;Gb]x z\sf ;lGbUwtf . ~ k
fj gf) s'g} kbf;Lg JolQmnfO{ kbaf6 x6fpgfsf lglDt ;b:oxaf6 NofOg] k|:tfj . > cljZj
f;L lj) != ljZjf; gug]{ z\sfn' . @= ljZjf; gePsf] cgkToflnf] . cljifo lj) [;+)] != eg
O, ts{, ljrf cflbsf] ljifo gePsf] . @= OlGb|off kqmg g;lsg] cuf]r . #= k|ltkfbg ug{ g
;lsg] clgj{rgLo . gf) $= gfd|f] ljifo . clj:tL0f{ lj) [;+)] lj:tL0f{ gePsf] gk}mlnPs
f] . clj:t[t lj) [;+)] lj:t[t gePsf] gk}mlnPsf] glkmFlhPsf] . clj:d0fLo lj) [;+)] !=
la;{g g;lsg] ;Demg} kg]{ . @= la;{g jf e'Ng gx'g] . cljlxt lj) [;+)] != plrt jf 7L
s gePsf] . @= sfds'f] ug{ gx'g] cg'lrt . #= zf:qdf ljwfg gePsf] lglif4 . gf) $= Jof
s0fdf sd{sfssf] Ps e]b lglif4 sd{ . cj[li6 gf) [;+)] j[li6 jf jiff{sf] cefj ;'Svf . c
j]s; gf) [c\)] ul0ftdf :yfgdfg To;sf] ;DaGw l;sfpg pkof]u ulg] lzIf0f;xfos ;fdu|L .
cj]If0f gf) [;+)] x]g{] jf b]Vg] sfd cjnf]sg lgLIf0f ]vb]v . > cj]If0fLo lj) x]g{ j
]Vg nfos lgLIf0f ug{ of]Uo . cj]:tf gf) [kmf)] != Ofgsf wd{u'? hy|':tn] :yfkgf u]sf]
e}m kmf;L wdf{jnDaLxff dflgOcfPsf] clUgk"hg ug]{ ;Dk|bfosf] wd{uG | y . @= pQm u|Gyd
f k|oQ ' m efiff . #= pQm u|Gyn] k|ltlglwTj u]sf] wd{ hy|':t]nL wd{ . > cj]:tfnL lj)
!= cj]:tf;DaGwL . gf) @= cj]:tfsf] efiff . cj}1flgs lj) [;+)] != lj1fgsf] 1ftf g
ePsf] lj1fg ghfGg] . @= lj1fg;Fu ;DalGwt gePsf] . #= j}1flgs Llt jf l;4fGtaf6 k|lt
kfbg gePsf] . cj}tlgs lj) [;+)] != j]tg jf kfl>lds glnO{ sfd ug]{ . @= j]tg jf dhb
'L gkfOg] . cj}w lj) [;+)] j}w gePsf] ljlw jf ljwfgsf] k|lts"n lgodlj?4 sfg'glj?4 cj}
flgs . ~ lgf]wg gf) s'g} JolQmnfO{ u}sfg'gL tjaf6 f]Sg] jf 5]sf] xfNg] sfd . ~ k|i] f
0f gf) s'g} ;fdfg jf j:t' cj}w tlsfaf6 Ps 7fpFaf6

83

cj}wflgscz'4 c;DejdWo] Ps . cJofxt lj) [;+)] != s'g} afwf jf ljg gePsf] . @= s'g} I
flt jf 6'6k'm6 gePsf] . #= k"} 7Ls jf ;fFrf] . cJo'TklQ lj) [;+)] != Jo'TklQ jf lg
j{rg gePsf] Jo'TklQxLg . gf) @= Jo'TklQsf] cefj Jo'TklQxLgtf . cJo'TkGg lj) [;+)] !
= s;}af6 Jo'TkGg gePsf] Jo'TklQxLg . @= Jo'TklQzf:qLo b[li6n] l;4 gulPsf] Jofs0fljkLt
. #= fd|f] cg'ej jf 1fg gePsf] (JolQm) . ~ zAb gf) Jo'TkGg gePsf] zAb d"n zAb . cJ
jn lj) [kmf)] pQd sf]l6sf] cAan c;n . czs lj) [;+) czQm] != c;dy{ zlQmxLg . @= c:j:y
uL . j[lQ gf) ;sfL sfdsfhdf c\ue\u jf f]uL x'Fbf lbOg] lgjf{xeQf . czQm lj) [;+)]
gePsf] b'an { lgwf]{ sdhf] . tf gf) g;Sg] cj:yf jf l:ylt c;skg . > czlQm gf) zlQm
f] b'a{ntf c;fdYo{ sdhf]L . czSo lj) [;+)] x'g jf ug{ g;Sg] jf g;lsg] c;fWo c;Dej .
f) c;dy{tf sdhf]L . cz\lst lj) [;+)] != z\sf gePsf] ;Gb]xlxt . @= lge{o lg8 lgeL{
j) [;+)] != zAb jf Wjlg gePsf] zAb glg:sg] . @= zAbdf JoQm gulg] . #= cj}lbs . gf)
$= zAbsf] cefj . %= a|Xd . cz0f lj) [;+)] != z0f jf ;xff gldn]sf] cf8ef];f gePsf] c
xLg lgf>o . @= c;xfo lgwf]{ . czfGt lj) [;+)] != zfGt gePsf] r~rn Jou| . @= a]rg }
ljUg . > czflGt gf) != zflGtsf] cefj cl:ytf r~rntf . @= ljb|f]x cfGbf]ng . #= c;Gtf]i
f . $= Iff]e . czf:qLo lj) [;+)] zf:q jf zf:qsf] ljrfaf6 7Ls gePsf] zf:qljkLt . clzI
ff gf) [;+)] lzIffsf] cefj . > clzlIft lj) != lzIff gkfPsf] . @= n]vk9 gu]sf] . #=
c1fgL d"v{ . $= kfv] uFjf c;Eo . clzj lj) [;+)] != cz'e cd\unsfL csNof0fsfL . @=
6 lj) [;+)] != lzi6 gePsf] cg'zf;gdf gx]sf] c;Eo . @= p208, pHhG8 . tf gf) != clzi6
'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= pR5[\vntf dgkLkg . cz'lr lj) [;+)] != z'lr jf kljq gePsf] ck
ljq cz'4 . @= kmf]xf] d}nf] . gf) #= d[t;"ts h'7f] cfzf}r . cz'4 lj) [;+)] != z'4 geP
f] ckljq cz'lr . @= :jLs[t jf dfgs :tsf b[li6n] lgod gk'uL q'l6 x]sf] (pRrf0f, efif0f
, n]vg, k|of]u O)) . #= ;+:sf, kldfh{g jf zf]wg gePsf] . tf gf) cz'4 x'gfsf] efj jf
cj:yf . >

csf]{ 7fpF k7fpg] sfd . ~ ljjfx gf) pd]/ gk'uL ulPsf] ljjfx ;fdflhs dof{bf / lgodlj
k/Lt ul/Psf] ljjfx 9fF6L5nL ul/Psf] ljjfx sfg'gn] dfGotf lbg g;Sg] u/L ul/Psf] ljj
fx . ~ ;fIfL gf) sfg'gcg';f a:g gx'g] jf fVg gx'g] ;fIfL sfg'glj?4 ;fIfL . > cj}wfr0f
gf) sfg'glj?4 ulg] Jojxf jf cfr0f . cj}wflgs lj) [;+)] ljwfg jf ;+ljwfgsf] lgodcg'sn
" gePsf] lgodlj?4 . cJoQm lj) [;+)] != JoQm jf k|s6 gePsf] k|ToIf gePsf] n's]l5k]sf
] c1ft . @= ghflgPsf] cyfx cuf]r . #= k|ltkfbg ug{ g;lsg] clgj{rgLo . $= k, u'0f s]xL
gePsf] . gf) %= O{Zj jf a|Xd . ^= hLjsf] ;"Id zL . &= lzj . *= sfdb]j . (= k|s[lt (
;f\Vo) . ~ zAb gf) j0f{x gv'lg] c:ki6 zAb . > cJoQmfg's0f gf) cJoQm kb jf zAbsf] pRrf
sf] ldNbf]h'Nbf] cg's0f kz'kIfLsf] af]nLsf] dflg;ff ulg] cg's0f . cJoo gf) [;+)] !=
s0fzf:qcg';f ln\u, jrg, sfs cflbsf b[li6n] ;w}F Ps kdf xg] zAb jf kb cljsfL zAb jf
lg, klg, O)) . lj) @= s'g} Joo jf ljsf gePsf] Psgf; xg] . #= cflbcGTo gePsf] . $= lg
To zfZjt . %= vr{ gx'g] cljgfzL . cJooLefj gf) [;+)] cJoosf ;fy k"jk { b jf pQkbsf]
;df; x'g] cJoos} cy{ k|wfg x'g] Ps ;df; (x;fn, hfg]em}F, tndfly O)) . ~ ;df; gf) ;
df;sf 5 e]b tTk'?if, cJooLefj, G, lu', sd{wfo ax'a|LlxdWo] Ps e]b . cJoy{ lj) [;+)]
oy{ gePsf] jf gx'g] ;kmn cr"s . cJoj;fo gf) [;+)] != s'g} Joj;fo of Ond gePsf] l:yl
t . @= gfd|f] Joj;fo . lj) # a]sf cg'BdL cN;L . > cJoj;foL lj) Joj;fo gePsf] a]OndL
Bf]uL . cJoj:yf gf) [;+)] != Joj:yf (qmd, lgod, dof{bf cflb) sf] cefj . @= zf:qlj?
4 cfr0f . #= k|aGw cflbdf u8a8L uf]ndfn s'Joj:yf . > cJojl:yt lj) Joj:yf gePsf] jf g
ldn]sf] . cJojxfo{ lj) [;+)] != Jojxf jf sfddf lng g;lsg] Jojxfk|lts"n . @= Jojxf ug{
g;lsg] . #= kltt . cJojt lj) [;+)] Jojxf gulPsf] pkof]udf gNofOPsf] . cJof3ft lj) [;
)] Jof3ft jf ljg gePsf] 5]sfefFhf gePsf] a]f]s6f]s . cJofkf gf) [;+)] Jofkf jf sfdsf
efj pBf]uxLgtf . cJofKt lj) [;+)] JofKt gePsf] gk}mlnPsf] . > cJoflKt gf) != JoflKts
f] cefj JofKt gePsf] cj:yf jf efj . @= egfO, nIf0f jf ljj0f k"} k|bz ] df gldNg] l:
ylt nIf0f jf klefiffdf kg{ ;Sg] tLg bf]if cJoflKt, cltJoflKt

cz'eclZjgL cz'l4 gf) != z'4 gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cz'4tf . @= uNtL q'l6 s;d; e"n .
j) [;+)] != z'e gePsf] cdf\ulns clgi6;"rs . gf) @= kfk cwd{ . #= bf]if ckfw . cz]if
[;+)] != s'g} z]if jf afFsL gx]sf] ;a} ;Dk"0f{ . @= w]} c;\Vo cguGtL . #= ;dfKt vt
zf]s gf) [;+)] != cfFksf h:tf kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] k|l;4 v . @= eftsf Ps df}o{j+zL fhf
. lj) #= zf]s gePsf] zf]slxt . ~ jfl6sf gf) fj0fn] ;LtfnfO{ a;fPsf] czf]s j[Ifx ePsf
] au}Frf . ~ ljgfos gf) k| l ;4 rf ljgfos (czf] s ljgfos, rGb| l jgfos, ;"o{ljgfos
, hnljgfos)dWo] Ps sf7df8f}F+ 6f]nsf Ps u0f]z, d?u0f]z . czf]Ro lj) [;+)] zf]s jf l
rGtf ug{ g;'xfpg] . czf]lwt lj) [;+)] zf]wg gulPsf] ;+:sf gePsf] cklis[t cz'4 . czf]
f]egLo lj) [;+)] != g;'xfpFbf] gfd|f] c;'Gb . @= a]7Ls 5fF6sfF6 gldn]sf] e2f . czf}r
[;+)] != cz'lr x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= 3sf] s'g} JolQm hGdFbf jf dbf{ 3sf dflg;
nfO{ lglZrt ;do;Dd s;};Fu 5'jf5"t ug{ gx'g] l:ylt cfzf}r . cZd gf) [;+)] != 9'\uf] k
Ty lznf . @= kxf8 kj{t . #= afbn d]3 . > cZdL gf) d"qfzodf kTyL hDg] Ps f]u d"qs[R
e"t lj) != nfdf] cjlwdf k|f0fLsf xf8vf] Pj+ sf7kft cflb 9'\ufdf kl0ft ePsf] . gf) @=
k|f0fLsf xf8vf] Pj+ sf7kft cflb 9'\ufafa eP x]sf] j:t' hLjfjz]if hLjfZd kmf]l;n .
) [;+)] != s'g} JolQm jf b]jb]jtfk|lt >4fsf] cefj celQm cgf:yf . @= cljZjf; ljZjf;xL
gtf . c>fGt lj) [;+)] != >fGt gePsf] gyfs]sf] cys cylst . lqm) lj) @= gf]lsO{sg nuftf
c>fJo lj) [;+)] != s;}af6 ;'Gg g;lsg] jf gx'g] . @= ;'gfpg of]Uo gePsf] . c>' gf)
[;+)] cfF;' . ~ Uof; gf) s'g} cfGbf]ngsfL eL8nfO{ 5fgAofGg kfg{ k|of]u ulg], cfFvf l
kf] t'NofO{ x]g{ gx'g] kf] cfF;' s9fpg] Ps k|sfsf] lavfn' UofF; jf w'jfF . ~ u|lGy gf
) cfF;' pTkfbg ug]{ u|lGy . c>'t lj) [;+)] != g;'gs ] f] ;'Gg] sfd gulPsf] . @= yfx
f gkfPsf] c1ft . k"j { lj) != klxn] slxNo} g;'lgPsf] . @= cb\e't ljnIf0f . c>'kft gf
) [;+)] != cfF;' emfg]{ sfd cfF;'sf] r'xfg . @= kL8fsf ;fy ?g] sfd . c>'l;St lj) [
;+)] != cfF;'n] leh]sf] . @= a];L f]Psf] . c>':ynL gf) [;+)] cfF;' emg]{ emf]nL (cf
Fvfleqsf] Ps
84

cjoj) . + gLo gePsf] ;fxgLo gePsf] cZnfo lj) [;+)] != k|z; ck|z+;gLo . @= lt:sf ulg
fof]Uo lgGB . clZni6 lj) [;+)] != Zn]if gePsf] Ps cy{ dfq ePsf] Psfy{s . @= gldn]sf]
gufFl;Psf] ghf]l8Psf] . #= c;
\ut PSnf] . cZnLn lj) [;+)] nfhefF8 a'emfpg] nHhf:kb nHh
hgs kmf]xf] (s'f]) . tf gf) cZnLnkg nfhefF8 . cZn]iff gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] gjf}
Ifq k'iokl5sf] gIfq . cZj gf) [;+)] != 3f]8f . @= Hof]ltifcg';f ;ftsf] ;
\Vof . #= sf
dzf:qcg';f rf k|sfsf k'?ifdWo] Ps . ~ s0f{ gf) != 3f]8fsf] sfg . @= 3f]8fsf sfgh:tf
kft x'g] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] vfnsf] ;fn . ~ sfylsf gf) e]8s ] ' f] . uGwf gf) != nfDrf
kft v}f] Ko"7fg] d'nfsf em}F sGb x'g] Ps a'6L jf To;}sf] sGb . cZjTy gf) [;+)] kL
kn . cZjTyfdf gf) [;+)] dxfeftdf k|l;4 b|f0 ] ffrfo{sf 5f]f . a'6L gf) lxdk|bz ] df
x'g,] dg'iofsf, d'nfh:tf] a'6Lljz]if Ps ljz]if lxdsGb . cZjd]w gf) [;+)] uf]qxTof,
ljk|xTof cflb dxfkfksf] k|folZrQsf] lglDt jf 5]p5fpsf ;a} fhfxnfO{ clwsfdf fvL rqmjt
L{ aGgsf nflu Ps jif{;Dd vf; nIf0fo'Qm 3f]8fnfO{ :jtGq 5f8L kl5 ToxL 3f]8fsf] al
n lbP ulg] Ps lsl;dsf] 7"nf] o1 . cZjofg gf) [;+)] 3f]8fn] rnfpg] ;jfL aUuL PSsf 3f]
f8L . cZjzlSt gf) [;+)] != 3f]8fsf] zlQmafa gfk ug]{ Ps gfkf] . @= cfhef]lnsf] rngc
g';f kf}g] ;ft dg jf %%) kfpG8 cyjf nueu @%) lsnf]sf] ef Ps k'm6 dfly p7fpgnfO{ rf
lxg]hlt tfut . cZjzfnf gf) [;+)] 3f]8f afFWg] 7fpF, ta]nf . cZjzf:q gf) [;+)] != 3
f]8fsf ljifodf zflnxf]qLn] n]v]sf] k':ts jf u|Gy . @= 3f]8fsf] pkrfsf ;DaGwdf n]l
vPsf] ljifo cZjz'efz'ekLIff . cZj:t lj) [;+)] pRrf0fdf ;f; sd vr{ x'g] cNkk|f0f (s r
6 t k, u h 8 b a cflb Jo~hg) . cZjfo'jb {] gf) [;+)] cZjlrlsT;fzf:q zflnxf]q 3f]8f
sf] pkrfsf ;DaGwdf hfgsfL lbg] u|Gy . cZjff]xL lj) [;+)] 3f]8r9L 3f]8;jf . clZjgL gf
;+)] != ;QfO; gIfqsf u0fgfdf cfpg] klxnf] gIfq . @= Tji6fsL 5f]L ;+1fn] ;"o{af6 h
f]lugsf lglDt lnPsf] 3f]8Lsf] k . #= c
\u'n, ljGb', df]If, dfqf cflbsf] b'O{ u'gfafas
f] gfk snf, sf]ns, k, clIf cflb afasf]

85

ciff9fc;+;bLo ci6;'uGw w"k gf) [;+)] >Lv08, QmrGbg, ;fnw"k, sk", s]z, s:t"L, cu? uf
nw"k fv] agfOPsf] ljz]if k|sfsf] w"k b]jb]jLsf k"hfdf ;'uGwsf nflu aflng] pSt w"k xfl
gsfs jfo'sf] c;af6 aRg aflng] pSt w"k . ci6fIfci6fIfL lj) [;+)] != cf7 cIf ePsf] (dG
i6fIfL . gf) @= cf7 cIf ePsf] bLIffdGq (j}i0fjsf] cf]+ gdf] gffo0ffo gfds dGq jNne;
bfosf] >Ls[i0fM z0f+ dd eGg] dGq) . ci6f\u gf) [;+)] != of]u;fwgsf cf7 e]b (od, lgod,
cf;g, k|f0ffofd, k|Tofxf, wf0ff, Wofg ;dflw) . @= j}BslrlsT;fsf cf7 ljefu (zNo, zf
nfSo, sfolrlsT;f, e"tljBf, sf}dfe[To, cubtGq, ;fogtGq jfhLs0f) . #= zLsf cf7 c\u (h
, kfp, xft, 5ftL, lz, b[li6, jrg a'l4) . $= ;"o{nfO{ r9fOg] cf7 co{ (hn, b"w, l3p,
dx, bxL, StrGbg, sjL/ (sg]/) s'z) . ~ dfu{ gf) dxfTdf a'4ff k|ltkflbt cf7 dfu{ (;Do
\ b[li6, ;Dos\ ;\sNk, ;Dos\ jfs\, ;Dos\ sd{, ;Dos\ cfhLj, ;Dos\ Jofofd, ;Dos\ :d[
lt ;Dos\ ;dflw) . ci6fbz gf) [;+)] c7f . ~ k'f0f gf) c7f dxfk'f0f (a| X d, k, lji0
lzj, efujt (>Ldb\ e fujt jf b]jLefujt), gfb, dfs{08]o, clUg, eljio, a|Xdj}jt{, ln\
u, jfx, :sGb, jfdg, s"d{, dT:o, u?8 a|Xdf08) . ci6fjqm gf) [;+)] != c\u af\uf]l6\uf]
ePsf Ps c}tjfbL Clif . @= xft, kfp cflb c\u w]} 7fpFdf af\uf]l6\uf] ePsf] JolSt . c;+
ot lj) [;+)] != ;+od gePsf] lgoddf gxg] . @= gafFlwPsf] k'mSsf . c;+od gf) [;+)] ;+od
sf] cefj dg, OlGb|o cflb cfgf] jzdf fVg g;Sg] cj:yf . c;+o'Qm lj) [;+)] != ;+o'St ge
Psf] fd|L gufFl;Psf] ghf]l8Psf] . c;+of]u gf) [;+)] != ;+of]usf] cefj . @= d]n jf ;Da
Gw gePsf] l:ylt . c;+nUg lj) [;+)] != s'g} bn jf ju{;u F ;+nUg gePsf] s;}sf kIfdf
gnfUg] . @= s'g} fi6sf gLltdf gnfUg] jf To;sf] cg';0f gug]{ . tf gf) s'g} kIfdf klg
;DaGw gfVg] sfd s'g} fi6sf] fhgLltsf] cg';0f gug]{ gLlt . ljk) ;+nUgtf . c;+jt [ c;+
[ lj) [;+)] != g9flsPsf] g5f]lkPsf] cgfj[t . @= v'nf ePsf] ;+j[tsf] ljkLt . c;+zo lj
[;+)] dgdf ;+zo gePsf] c;lGbUw . c;+lZni6 lj) [;+)] g6fFl;Psf] ghf]l8Psf] gldn]sf]
. c;+;bLo lj) [;+)] != ;+;b\sf] dof{bfsf lj?4 . @= ;+;bLo 9\usf] gePsf] .

gfk . ~ s'df gf) != clZjgLsf hDNofxf 5f]f (ub cub) . @= b]jtfxsf j}B . ciff9f gf) [;
)] clZjgL cflb ;QfO; gIfqdWo] aL;f}F PSsfO;f}F gIfq (k"j{ ciff8f k"jf{iff8f, pQ ciff8
f pQfiff8f) . ci6 gf) [;+)] cf7 . s gf) != cf7 j:t'sf] ju{ jf ;d"x (h:tf] lx\Uji6s
fi6s O)) . @= cf7 5Gb, Znf]s cflbsf] ;d"x (ukmfi6s, u0f]zfi6s O)) . s'n gf) k'f0fd
f jl0f{t ;k{sf cf7 s'n (z]if, jf;'ls, tIfs, ssf]{6s, k, dxfk, z\vr"8 s'lns) . s'ns
f) k|frLg sfnsf cf7 Gofostf{nfO{ a'emfpg] zAb . s'nL gf) ci6s'nsf ;k{sf] s'g} Ps
k|sf . ~ lr~hLjL gf) k|frLg sfnsf w]} afFRg] dflgPsf cf7 k|l;4 JolQm (dfs{08]o, aln,
Jof;, xg'dfg\, ljeLif0f, s[k, kz'fd cZjTyfdf) . 5fk gf) uf]:jfdL lj6\7ngfyhLn] th'
{df u]sf] ;jf]Q { d k'li6dfuL{ (;"bf;, s'Degbf;, kdfgGbbf;, s[i0fbf;, 5Lt:jfdL, uf]
ljGb:jfdL, rt'eh {' bf; gGbbf;) sljxsf] Pp6f ju{ . bn gf) != cf7j6f kq ePsf] sdn j
f To;sf] cfsfsf] j:t' . lj) @= cf7j6f kft ePsf] ci6k0f{ . wft' gf) k|l;4 cf7 wft' (
;'g, rfFbL, tfdf, f, h:tf, l;;f, kmnfd lktn) . kfb lj) != cf7 kfp x'g] cf7v'] . gf
= dfs'f] . #= ;nx . $= ze . %= cS6f]k; (Ps y/L hnr) . ~ k|s[lt gf) != lxGb" fHok4ltdf
fHosf cf7 k|wfg sd{rfL (;'dGq, kl08t, dGqL, k|wfg, ;lrj, cdfTo, k|f8\ljjfs k|ltlg
lw) . @= fHosf cf7 c\u (fhf, fi6, cdfTo, b'u{, an jf ;]gf, sf]if, ;fdGt k|hf) . e'
j) != cf7 e'hf jf xft ePsL . gf) @ b]jL b'uf{ . ci6d lj) [;+)] cf7f}F . ci6d08k gf)
[;+)] rfdn, d'uL, cb'jfsf] ;, l;w]gg ' , wlgofF, lkKnf, lx, a];f hLf] plrt dfqfdf l
dnfO{ ksfP sk85fg uL f]uLnfO{ v'jfOg] kYo . ci6dL gf) [;+)] z'SnkIf jf s[i0fkIfsf] c
f7f}F ltly rGb|dfdf cf7 snfo'St x'g] lbg jf ltly . ci6d"lt{ gf) [;+)] != dxfb]j lzj
. @= dxfb]jsf cf7 d"lt{ (k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo', cfsfz, ;"o, { rGb| ohdfg) . ci6j
u{ gf) [;+)] != cf7 cf}ifwLxsf] ;d"x (hLjs, Cifes, d]bf, dxfd]bf, sfsf]nL, IfLsfsf]
nL, Cl4 j[l4) . @= lxGb" fHotGqdf fHosf cf7 c\u jf ju{ (Clif, ufpFgu cflb a:tL, b'u{
;]t', xl:taGwg, vfgL, su|x0f ;}Go;+:yfkg) . #= j0f{xsf] cf7 ju{ (cju{, sju{, rju{
, 6ju{, tju{, kju{, oju{ zju{) . ci6l;l4 gf) [;+)] of]uff k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] cf7 l;l4
(cl0fdf, dlxdf, uldf, nl3df, k|flKt, k|fsfDo, O{lzTj jlzTj) .

c;+;u{c;d~h; c;+;u{ gf) [;+)] ;+;u{ gePsf] cj:yf ;DaGw gx'g] l:ylt . c;+:s[t lj) [;+
)] != ;+:sf jf ;'wf gePsf] ckldflh{t . @= wd{zf:qsf cg';f ;+:sf (d'08g, j|taGw cflb)
ePsf] j|fTo . #= c;Eo clzi6 . $= Jofs0fsf] lgoddf gldn]sf] . gf) %= cz'4 zAb ckzAb .
^= ;+:s[tleGg efiff . c;s lj) [;+) czSt] != czSt lgwf]{ sdhf] b'a{n . @= c:j:y f]uL
c;St lj) [;+)] != ljifoef]udf cf;St gePsf] ljSt . @= kmnsf] OR5f gug]{ lgisfd . c;u'
g gf) [;+) czs'g] vfa jf gfd|f] dflgPsf] cflDes nIf0f cz'e ;fOt cd\un ck;u'g ckzs'
mflGt df; gf) [;+)] ;\qmflGt gk]sf] dlxgf dndf; clwsdf; . c;\qmfds gf) [;+)] != f]u
g;Sg] hLjf0f'ljz]if . lj) @= g;g]{ (f]u, sL6f0f' O)) . c;\v ] lj) [;+) c;\Vo] != c;\
Vo . lqm) lj) @= w]} k|z:t . c;\Vo lj) [;+)] != uGg g;lsg] w]} cguGtL c;fWo w]} .
) @= c;\v] . c;\u lj) [;+)] ljifojf;gf jf ;f+;fls k|k~raf6 cnu x]sf] cgf;St Jofjxfl
]nfaf6 k x]sf] . c;\ut lj) [;+)] != f]xf] jf qmd gldn]sf] s'g} l;nl;nf ga;]sf] k|;\
n]sf] . @= g;'xfpFbf] czf]egLo . ~ sf]7f gf) ul0ftLo dfkgdf b'O6f k:k gldNg] sf]7f .
> c;\ult gf) != ;\ultsf] cefj l;nl;nf gldn]sf] l:ylt . @= pko'St gx'gfsf] l:ylt jf
cj:yf cg'ko'Sttf . #= plrt gePsf] l:ylt cgf}lrTo . $= ;flxTodf sfo{ sf0f Ps} 7fpFdf
xg'kg]{ s'f a]Unfa]Un} 7fpFdf xFbf kg]{ Ps cn\sf . c;\ud lj) [;+)] != ;\ud gePsf]
Psf] gldn]sf] . gf) @= kfy{So leGgtf c;fd~h:o . c;lhnf] lj) [c ;lhnf]] !=ufx|f] ePsf]
lhnf] gePsf] cK7]f] ufx|f] . @= gldn]sf] cldNbf] c;~ro gf) [;+)] != ;~rosf] cefj hDdf
gug]{ sfd, cj:yf jf l:ylt . lj) @= ;\u|x gu]sf] ;~ro gu]sf] ga6'lnPsf] hDdf gePsf] .
;t\ lj) [;+)] != ;f jf cl:tTj gePsf] ;QfxLg . @= e"m6f] c;To ldYof . #= a]7Ls cg'lrt
> c;tL lj) kltj|tf wd{df gx]sL kltsf] ;t\df gx]sL j]Zof k'Z + rnL . s[t lj) != ;T
dfgdof{bf gulPsf] b'Jo{jxf ulPsf] . @= s'sd{ jf kfk ulPsf] . c;Qf gf) ;Qf jf cl:tTjsf
cefj s'g} j:t' jf JolQmsf] cg'kl:ylt . c;QL lj) [;+) c;To] !=;fFrf] Jojxf gug]{ k]6
df fd gePsf] b'i6 :jefjsf] b'frfL . @= Odfghdfg gePsf]
86

sk6L . c;To gf) [;+)] != ;Totf gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . lj) @= ;Totf gePsf] e"m6f]
. tf gf) ;Totfsf] cefj e"m6f]kgf . jfbL lj) c;To jf e"m6f] af]Ng] ldYofjfbL km6fO
ug]{ jf af]Ng] . c;b[z lj) [;+)] != ;b[z jf ;dfg gePsf] To:t} gb]lvg] c;dfg . @= co
f]Uo cg'lrt . #= cldNbf] u'0f ePsf] . c;b\efj gf) [;+)] != fd|f] efjgf gx'gfsf] efj
jf l:ylt vfa jf gfd|f] efjgf ;b\efj gePsf] l:ylt . @= cl:tTjsf] cefj s'g} j:t' gePsf
] l:ylt cg'kl:ylt . c;gf gf) [;+) czgf] ;fhsf] af]6 Ps hftsf] ;fn . c;Gt'ng gf) [;+)
] != ;Gt'ngsf] cefj ;Gt'ng gx'gfsf] l:ylt . @= afa gePsf] l:ylt 36La9L . c;Gt'lnt lj)
[;+)] != ;Gt'ng gePsf] sda];L ePsf] afaL gePsf] . @= ;Gt'ng gePsf] jf gulPsf] afaL
f] 36a9 ePsf] . c;Gt'i6 lj) [;+)] != ;Gt'i6 gePsf] dg gc3fPsf] . @= ct[Kt . #= v';L
gePsf] ck|;Gg . c;Gtf]s gf) [;+) c;Gtf]if] != ;Gtf]ifsf] cefj c;Gtf]if . @= ck|;Gg
tf a]v';L . > c;Gtf]sL lj) ;Gtf]if gx'g] jf gdfGg] slxNo} gc3fpg] ct[Kt . c;Gtf]if gf
) [;+)] x]) c;Gtf]s . > c;Gtf]ifL lj) c;Gtf]sL . c;lGbUw lj) [;+)] ;Gb]x gePsf] dgd
f w'sr's gePsf] lglZrGt . c;k lqm) lj) ps';d's; ' cfn;tfn; c;6\7 c;d . c;kmn lj)
= ;kmn gePsf] sfo{l;l4 gePsf] . @= km]n ePsf] (hfFr cflbdf) cg'QL0f{ . tf gf) ;kmn
gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ljkmntf . c;aNn] lj) [c;aNn P] != pn] { cfPsf] ;Feflng;Sg' ePsf]
c;dNn] (af9L, e]n O)) . lqm)lj) @= af9L, e]n cflb cToGt} pln{P ;Feflng g;Sg] uL c;dNn
] . c;afa gf) [c)] != dfndQf ;;fdfg vfB;fdu|L . @= xltof . vfgf gf) n8fOFsf ;;fdfg
7fpF xftxltof fVg] 7fpF, z:qfuf . $= dfn;fdfg hDdf uL fVg] 7fpF uf]bfd . c;Eo lj) [
!= ;Eo gePsf] fd|f] Jojxf ug{ ghfGg] . @= uFjf kfv] sf]sf{nL kfsf]{6] s'gfnL h\un
;Eotfsf] cefj kfv]kg UjfFh]kg kfsf]{6] rfn . c;d! lj) [;+)] != afa gePsf] ;dfg gePs
:t} gePsf] c;b[z . @= cUnf]xf]rf] c8\a]v8\a] pa8vfa8 . gf) #= Ps k|l;4 cyf{n\sf . c;d
@ gf) [;+) P]ifd] o; jif{ o; ;fn c;f}F . c;d~h; gf) [;+)] != o;f] uF ls p;f] uFsf]
bf]wf]kg b'lawf . @= c;lhnf] cj:yf . lj) #= :ki6

87

c;dc;f4] c;Ddlt gf) [;+)] ;Ddltsf] cefj s'g} s'fdf ;Ddt gePsf] l:ylt jf cj:yf ;dfg lj
f gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . c;Ddfg gf) [;+)] ;Ddfgsf] cefj lgfb cgfb x]nfF . c; gf)
s'g} JolQm jf j:t'df k]sf] csf{sf] k|efj 5fk 9k . @= k|ltlqmof . c;Nn lqm) lj) != nyf
ln\u cnkq etfe'u \ . lj) ;dflng g;Sg] cj:yfsf] . > c;Nn] lj) c;Nn k]sf] cnkq] . c;
c;bf]{] g5'g] ePsL h:jnf Ct'dtL . { != ;bf]{ gePsf] dgn] gvfPsf] dg c;bf] { lj) [c;b
gkg]{ . @= kfOs gkg]{ cg'sn " gkg]{ . gf) #= uh{ xhf{ vfFrf] cfjZostf . $= gfLsf] bf
]lhof ePsf] cj:yf ule{0fL cj:yf . c;kmL{ gf) [kmf) czkmL] k'fgf] ;dosf] Ps k|sfsf] ;'
j0f{d'b|f ;'gsf] df]x jf ?lkofF luGgL . ~ k"mn gf) uf9f kx]Fnf] y]Krf] cfsfsf] k"mnl
z]if . c;n lj) [c)] != fd|f] j]; al9of pDbf pQd . @= ld;fj6 gePsf] z'4 . #= pRr >]i
i6 . > c;nf gf) c;n hftsf] df5f] lxdfnL vf]nf Pj+ gbLdf x'g] ;]tf] 6Nsg] ;;fgf] vf
nsf] df5f] . c;lnot gf) != oyfy{tf jf:tljstf ;Totf . @= d"n tj ;f . c;j0f{ lj) [;+)]
fg j0f{ gePsf] leGg j0f{sf] a]Un} hftsf] j0f{Joj:yfb]lv aflxsf] . c;xg lj) [;+)] ;xg
g;Sg] g;xg] :jefjsf] c;lxi0f' . > c;xgLo lj) ;xg g;lsg] c;Xo ;xg gx'g] . c;xdt lj) [;
)] ;xdt gePsf] gfdGh' . > c;xdlt gf) ;xdltsf] cefj Pp6fsf ljrfdf csf{sf] ?lr gx'g] lq
mof jf u'0f ljf]w ;dfg ljrf cflbsf] cefj . c;xof]u gf) [;+)] ;xof]usf] cefj c;xfotf
f]uxLgtf ;xof]u gugf{sf] l:ylt . jfb gf) c;xof]uff ;sfnfO{ k|efj kfg]{ l;4fGt ;sf
f]u gug]{ l;4fGt . jfbL lj) c;xof]ujfbnfO{ dfGg] c;xof]ujfbsf] cg'ofoL . > c;xof]u
L lj) ;xof]u gug]{ . c;xfo lj) [;+)] ;fy lbg] JolQm jf ;xfos gePsf] d2t ug]{ sf]xL
gePsf] lg:;xfo PSnf] gfuf] . c;lxi0f' lj) [;+)] ;xg ug{ g;Sg] c;xgzLn . tf gf) ;lxi
gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . c;Xo lj) [;+)] ;xg g;lsg] c;xgLo . c;f+;b lj) [;+)] ;+;b\s
f] cg';f jf cg'sn " gePsf] ;+;b\sf dof{bfsf] ljkLt . c;f+;fls lj) [;+)] != ;+;f;Fu c;
alGwt o; nf]sdf gldNg] . @= knf]s;Fu ;DalGwt cfWoflTds cef}lts . c;flIfs lj) [;+)] ;f
5L gePsf] jf ga;]sf] ujfxL gePsf] ;f5Lljgfsf] . c;f4] lj) [;+) c;fWo] Hofbf w]} Hofl:
clt a]luGtL

gePsf] ga'lemFbf] . $= cg'lrt ;
\ult gldn]sf] c;
\ut . c;d lqm)lj)x]) c;k . c;do gf)
!= s'ofd s'an ] f, a]df}sf . @= vfa ;do s';do . c;dy{ lj) [;+)] != an jf zlQm gePsf]
;dy{ gePsf] au{ta'tfljgfsf] c;s . @= nfos gePsf] cof]Uo . tf gf) ;fdYo{ gx'gfsf] efj
;fdYo{xLgtf b'an { tf . c;dNn] lj)lqm)lj)x]) c;aNn] . c;djo:s lj) [;+)] != 36La9L pd
] ePsf afaL pd] gePsf (bfh'efO, ;fyL cflb) . @= gofF k'fgf jf ;fgf7"nf uL 5f;ld; p
, la?jf cflb) . c;dfg lj) [;+)] ;dfg jf afa gePsf] rf}lt afa gePsf] ljifdfsfsf] (
' cflb) c;b[z . tf gf) ;dfgtfsf] cefj afaL gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . c;dflksf gf) [;+
jfSosf cy{sf] ;dfkg gx'g] lqmofsf] Jofkf . ~ lqmof gf) jfSofy{sf] ;dfkg ug{ g;Sg]
vfnsf] lqmof (uL, u], ug{, ubf{ O)) . c;dfKt lj) [;+)] ;dfKt gePsf] sfds'f] gl;l4Psf
\ f] gnfu]sf] ck"0f{ . > c;dflKt gf) ;dflKtsf] cefj gl;l4Psf] l:ylt ck"0f{tf . c;df
of]hg gf) [;+)] vf; jftfj0f jf l:yltdf cg'sl" nt x'g g;s]sf] jf g;Sg] cj:yf . c;Dk
ls{t lj) [;+)] ;Dks{ gePsf] jf gufOPsf] . ~ :j gf) :j;Fu ;Da4 geO{ Jo~hg;Fu} ;Da4 x]s
] :j (h:tf] h\ c t\ c g\ c htg) . c;Dk|1ft lj) [;+)] fd|L ghflgPsf] c1ft . ~ ;dflw
1fgsf] e]b gxg] vfnsf] clGtd r0fsf] ;dflw lglj{sNk ;dflw . c;Da4 lj) [;+)] != ;DaGw
gePsf] c;DalGwt gldn]sf] c;\ut . @= gafFlwPsf] aGwgdf gk]sf] . tf gf) c;Da4 x'gfs
j jf l:ylt . c;Dej lj) [;+)] ;Dej gePsf] x'g} g;Sg] . c;Def lj) [;+)] != eTsglau|gaf
6 ;Def ug{ g;lsg] ;d]6\g g;lsg] . @= w]} c;fWo Hofbf . c;Defjgf gf) [;+)] ;Defjgfsf]
efj x'g g;Sg] l:ylt jf cj:yf ;DefjgfxLgtf . c;Defljt lj) [;+)] ;Defjgf gePsf] x'g g;
Sg] cj:yfsf] c;Dej ePsf] . c;DefJo lj) [;+)] ;DefJo gePsf] x'g} g;Sg] cj:yfsf] . c;
De|d lj) [;+)] != ;De|d gePsf] x8a8 gug]{ zfGt . gf) @= w}o{ zfGt cj:yf jf l:ylt . c
;Ddt lj) [;+)] != ;Ddltdf gcfPsf] ;dfg ljrf gePsf] dtf] gldn]sf] a]fhL . @= :jLsf gu
] gfdGh' dGh' gulPsf] .

c;fwf/0fc;'n cgluGtL . c;fwf0f lj) [;+)] != ;fwf0f gePsf] ;fdfGoeGbf leGg ljlzi6 . @=
cgf}7f] ljnIf0f ck"j{ . tf gf) ;fwf0ftfsf] cefj c;fdfGotf . ~ labf gf) ;sfL jf c
;a} lsl;dsf labf e'Qmfg ul;s]kl5 km]l rflxPdf ljz]if kn] kfpg] a]tnaL labf . c;fWo l
j) [;+)] != ;fWo gePsf] hlt pkfo u] klg kf gnfUg] pkfo gnfUg] . @= Hofbf w]} clt . ~
wg gf) sl7g Pj+ ufx|f] sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ j:t' jf ;;fdfg . c;fdlos lj) [;+)] 7Ls ;dodf
gePsf] jf gx'g] s'ofdsf] a]df}sfsf] ;fdfGot tf]lsPsf] jf dflgPsf] cjlw ef]Ug gkfPsf
] (hflu, lgwg cflb) . tf gf) c;fdlos x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ;fdlostfsf] cefj . c;fdYo
{ gf) [;+)] ;fdYo{sf] cefj s'g} sfd ugf{sf] lglDt rflxg] zlSt jf u'0fsf] cefj czStt
f . c;fdfGo lj) [;+)] != ;fdfGo gePsf] c;fwf0f . @= ljnIf0f ck"j{ . tf gf) c;fwf0ft
c;fdL gf) [c) cf;fdL] != ;fx"l;t lg lng] dflg; shf{ lng] dflg; sh{bf . @= lg lng]lb
sfd . #= :ofxf, ;|]:tf, n]v cflbdf dxn 5'fO{ tn n]lvg] snd . c;fDk|bflos lj) [;+)]
!= s'g} ;Dk|bfo ljz]ifl;t ;DaGw gfVg] jf gePsf] ;Dk|bfo gdfGg] . @= kDkflj?4 l9lj?4 .
c;f! lj) [;+)] != ;f gePsf] lg:;f u'bL gePsf] vf]qmf] . @= vfnL z"Go lQf] . #= t'
fnsf] If'b| . c;f@ gf) [;+) cfiff9] ljqmd ;+jt\cg';f j}zfv dlxgfb]lv uGb} hfFbf cfpg
] t];|f] dlxgf h]7kl5 ;fpgeGbf klxn] cfpg] dlxgf cfiff9 . kGw| gf) != c;f/ dlxgfsf]
kGw| ut] ;f] lbgdf kg]{ ls;fgxsf] bxLlrpf vfg] rf8 . @= f]kfOFsf] rfkfrfk . #= dWo c
;f v]tLkftLsf sfdsf] aLr ;do . > c;f] lj) != c;f dlxgfsf] c;f dlxgf;Fu ;DalGwt . gf)
c;f dlxgfdf ljleGg df k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] k"mn . #= c;f dlxgfdf wfgsf] f]kfOF ubf{ ufO
] Ps k|sfsf] nf]suLt . c;fjwfg lj) [;+)] ;fjwfg gePsf] xf]l;of gePsf] nfkaf{xL ug]{ ;
s{ gePsf] . > c;fjwfgL gf) ;fjwfgxLgtf a]xf];Lkg . cl; gf) [;+)] nfdf] v8\u taf . c
hLjL lj) taf rnfP lgjf{x ug]{ xltof rnfP hLljsf rnfpg] ;}lgs . cl;cf} F lj) [c;L
;L ;\Vofdf kg]{ c;L ;\Vofsf] . cl;t lj) [;+)] != sfnf] j0f{sf] sfnf] sf] s[i0f j0f{
@= vfa sd;n . cl;4 lj) [;+)] != l;4 gePsf] ck|fdfl0fs . @= ck"f]
88

ck"0f{ . #= lgikmn ljkmn c;kmn . > cl;l4 gf) != l;4 gx'g] l:ylt jf cj:yf ck"0f{tf .
@= ;f]dt gePsf] JolQm lal;l4 . #= 5's gePsf] dflg; la5'sL . cl;gkl;g lqm) lj) [(l))
kl;gf] wk]8L kl;gfn] leHg] uL ;sLg;sL kl>d ubf{ub}{ ta . cl;gf gf) [;+) cZdg\] kf
emg]{ u'Rrf, s]fp, cfn' cflbsf cfsfsf akmsf 8Nnf . ~ kfgL gf) cl;gf kfgL . cl;g' gf
[ cl;gf] cl;gfsf] 8Nnf] . cl;g] lj) [cl;gfP] cl;gf;DaGwL cl;gfsf] . ~ kfyL gf) dGqf
l;gfsf] d]xf] tsf{pg] ljlw ug]{ k|foM nfdfnfO{ lbOg] cGg . cl;of} F lj) [;+) c;Lof}
] F c;L ;
\Vofdf kg]{ c;L ;
\Vofsf] . c;L lj) [;+) czLlt] != pgf;L Pssf] of]u;
\Vofsf]
gf) @= pgf;L Pssf] of]uaf6 aGg] c
\s *)sf] c\s . c;Lcf}c;Lof} lj) x]) cl;cf}F . c
[;+)] != ;Ldf gePsf] xbaGbL gePsf] a]xbsf] . @= Hofbf ckf . #= s'g} s'fn] klg cfFSg g
;lsg] . c;Lldt lj) [;+)] != ;Ldflxt ;Lldt gePsf] xbaGbL gtf]lsPsf] . @= ckf Hofbf . c
'4L lj) != r]tgf sd ePsf] a];'4L . @= a]xf];L x':;" . c;'Gb lj) [;+)] != ;'Gb gePsf]
|f] lx:lL gk]sf] 5fF6sfF6 gldn]sf] e2f . @= jfRofy{eGbf klg sd rdTsf lbg] cy{ a'emfpg
] u'0fLe"t Jo
\Uosf] Ps e]b . c;'la:tf gf) [;+) c;'ljwf] ;'la:tfsf] cefj c;'ljwf . c
;'ef] lj) [;+) cz'e] != cz'e . gf) @= z'e jf c;n gx'g] l:ylt ckmfk . c;' gf) [;+)] !
= b}To bfgj fIf; . @= gLr jf lx+;|s k|j[lQsf] dflg; . #= ft lgzf . $= k[YjL . %= ;"o{
. ^= afbn . &= fx' . c;'Iff gf) [;+)] ;'Iffsf] cefj ;'Iff gx'g] l:ylt jf cj:yf . > c
'lIft lj) ;'lIft gePsf] ;'Iffsf] cefj ePsf] c;+lIft ;'Iff gulPsf] jf gePsf] . c;'
+)] dfof cf;'L ljBf . c;'ljjfx gf) [;+)] j jf jkIfsfn] sGofsf dfOtL jf ;+IfsnfO{ wg
ulg] lax] cf;' ljjfx . c;'f] gf) [;+) c6?if] af3sf] d'vh:tf], ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] xlo
ft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] a'6f] . c;'n gf) [c) j;"n] != sxLFaf6 lng' jf p7fpg'kg]{ gub jf
lhG;L cfgf] xftdf kfg]{ sfd r'Stf ug]{ sfd . @= bflvnf ug]{ sfd . ~ pk gf) != nufOP
sf] ?lkofFk; } f cfgf] xft kfg]{ sfd . @= df]xL cflbaf6 afnLgfnL p7tLk'7tL ug]{ s
fd . ~ txl;n gf) lng'kg]{ ?lkofFk};f, afnLgfnL cflb p7fpg] sfd p7tLk'7tL . > c;'nL g
f) c;'n

89

c;'ljwfc:q c:tfpg' c) lqm) [;+) c:t cfp g'] != klZrdklsf] lIflthdf ;"o{ 8'Ag' c:tfrnsf
5fl8 ;"o{ gb]lvg] x'g' 3fd 8'Ag' . @= c:t x'g' . #= n'Sg' l5Kg' ufoa x'g' cnk x'g' .
$= u|x, gIfq cflb gb]lvg] x'g' . c:tfrn gf) [;+)] klZrd lbzfkl ;"o{ c:t x'g] kj{t
klZrdfrn . cl:t! gf) [;+)] efj ;Qf ljBdfgtf x'g'sf] ;j xg'sf] efj . (pbf) eGg] a]nf
] cl:tcl:t, lbg] a]nfdf rflxF gfl:tgfl:t) . cl:t@ lqm) lj) [;+) cf;Lt\] != lxhf]eGb
f Ps lbgcufl8 b'O{ lbgklxn] . @= b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf w]} lbg klxn] s]xL lbgcl3 . cl:t l
qm) lj) lat]sf lbgxdf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf klxn]sf lbgxdf b'O{ jf w]} lbgklxn] . cl:tTj g
) [;+)] s'g} j:t'sf] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;Qf ljBdfgtf . jfb gf) hut\ / hLjgsf] lj;\
ultsf] af]w ub}{ JolStsf] :jtGq lg0f{o / j/0f tyf pQ/bfloTjnfO{ ;sfg]{ clg dg'io
hLjgsf] cl:tTjdfly lrGtg ug]{ p;sf] hGd, d[To', s'07f, ;Gqf; cflbdf ;xL cy{ vf]H
g] bfz{lgs jf ;flxlTos dfGotf dflg;nfO{ :jtGq k|f0fLsf kdf x]b{} cl:tTjnfO{ tjsf] k
"j{ufdLsf kdf ;sfg]{, ltLo ljZjo'4kl5 a9L k|rflt Ps ;flxlTos jfb jf l;4fGt . c:t'! c
Jo) [;+)] != s'g} sfds'fsf k|;\udf cfpg] :jLs[lt;"rs zAb xf];\ . @= h] h:tf] 5 ToxL
xf];\ . #= 7Ls fd|f] a]; . c:t'@ gf) [;+) cl:y] bfx;+:sf ul;s]kl5 gbLdf ;]nfpg leml
nf;sf] xf8, vfgL cflb d[t JolQmsf] vKksf cufl8sf] xf8sf] 6'qmf] . c:t'f gf) [kmf) p:
t'f] f}F vf}g] wflnf] 5'f . c:t]o gf) [;+)] != rf]L gug]{ sfd grf]g{] sfd, u'0f jf
. @= b; dfgjwd{dWo] Ps . #= af}4 wdf{g';fsf] k~rzLndWo] Ps . c:q gf) [;+)] != ofFs]
k|xf ulg] xltof If]Kof:q (efnf, af0f cflb) . @= dGqanff k|of]u ulg] xltof lbJof:q
'af6 k|xf ulPsf] xltof f]Sg] 9fn cflb . $= lrlsT;sn] lrkmf ug]{ xltof . ~ lrlsT;s g
ls pkrfsf nflu lrkmf ug]{ JolSt jf lrlsT;s zNolrlsT;s . ~ lrlsT;f gf) c:qff ulg] p
lsT;f . ~ lj1fg gf) z:q jf xltof agfpg k|of]u ug{ l;sfpg] lj1fg c:qljBf . ~ ljBf gf)
!= c:q rnfpg l;sfpg] ljBf xltof rnfpg] ljBf . @= wg'lj{Bf . zfnf gf) != c:qz:q fVg]
7fpF z:qfuf c;afavfgf . @= tf]kvfgf . > c:qfuf gf) != xftxltofx fVg] eF8f c:qzfn
f . @= tf]kvfgf .

c;'Ng], p7fpg] jf pk/ ug]{ sfd . c;'ljwf gf) [;+)] ;'ljwfsf] cefj s'g} sfddf cK7ff]
kg]{ jf kfg]{ l:ylt . c;}lgs lj) [;+)] != ;]gfafx]ssf] ;]gfl;t ;DaGw gePsf] ;]gf ge
Psf] ;]gflxt ;]gfleGg . @= lghfdtL;DaGwL . > c;}lgsLs0f gf) s'g} :yfg jf If]qnfO{ ;]g
flxt kfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . c;f]h gf) [;+) cflZjg] ljqmd ;+jt\sf] 5}6f}F dlxgf sf
lQseGbf klxn] ebf}kl5 cfpg] dlxgf cflZjg . > c;f]h ] lj) c;f]hsf] c;f]h;DaGwL c;f]h
dlxgfl;t ;DaGw fVg] . c;f]dltnf] lj) [c ;f]dt Onf]] ;f]dt gePsf] c;Eo uFjf sf]sf{nL
;f]dltnf] . c;f} lqm) lj) [;+) P]ifd] o; kfln of] jif{ o; k6s rfn" jif{ . c;f} gf) [;
) czf]s] czf]s gfpF u]sf] j[If czf]s j[If . c;f}h gf) [ c;f]h] c;f]h cflZjg . c;f}h ]
lj) [c;f}hP] c;f]h dlxgf;Fu ;DalGwt c;f}hsf] . ~ rf] gf) c;f]h dlxgfdf tf]LafLx'Fbf]
b}{ lxF8\g] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] rf] tf]Lrf] r'OFof . c;f}Do lj) [;+)] ;f}Do gePsf] a]5fF
] gfd|f] e2f . c;f}i7j gf) [;+)] gfd|f]kgf e2fkg s'ktf . c:vlnt lj) [;+)] gv;]sf]
f] gxlNnPsf] l:y grNg] . cl:6h gf) [c
\)] nfdf] r'Rrf], 8Nnf] hLp nfdf] v'f x'g],
bf}8g ;Sg] t 6fpsfdf lh
\lu|
\
k]sf KjfFv ePsf] c:6]lnof Go'lhNofG8df kfOg] rf] . c:
f gf) [c
\)] k[YjLsf 5 dxfLkdWo] ;aeGbf ;fgf] dxfLk k"jL{ uf]nfw{df x]sf] Ps dxfLk .
lj) [;+)] != lIfltheGbf tn uPsf] 8'a]sf] (;"o,{ rGb| cflb) . @= n's]sf] l5k]sf] .
#= gb]lvPsf] cb[Zo . $= gi6 ljgi6 Wj:t . gf) %= gb]lvg] jf c:t x'g] lqmof . ^= d[To
' d0f . ] fVg] 7fpF ta]nf cZjzfnf . c:tan gf) [c)] 3f]8f afFw vfgf gf) c:tan . c:
f)] l;s 8;gf, bf]nfO{F cflbsf] skf; fvL tlug] sk8f n'uf l;nfpFbf hf]gL{df xflng] k]6
Lsf] sk8f sf]6leq aqmd c8fpg l;Og] sk8f . c:tJo:t lj) [;+)] != nyfln
\u k]sf] 5fGgAof
ePsf] cnkq k]sf] . @= f]u, lrGtf, x}fgL OToflbn] 56k6fPsf] v6kl6Psf] cfs'nJofs'n . #=
czfGt cj:yfdf k]sf] . c:tfO gf) c:tfp (cfO)] c:tfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
c:tfOg' c) lqm) c:tfpg] xf]Og' ljn'Kt xf]Og' gb]lvg] xf]Og' .

c:yfgc:jLs[lt c:yfg gf) [;+)] 7fpFdf gk]sf] l:ylt jf cj:yf . kbtf gf) kb 7fpFdf gkbf
{ x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfJobf]if . ;df;tf gf) ;df; gx'g'kg]{ 7fpFdf ;df; x'Fbf x'g] Ps
k|sfsf] sfJobf]if . c:yfloTj gf) [;+)] :yfoL gx'gfsf] l:ylt jf efj c:yfoL x'g] sfd
. c:yfoL lj) [;+)] != :yfoL gePsf] w]} ;do gl6Sg] . @= yf]} ;dosf] DofbL . ~ kb gf) !
Dofb jf cjlw tf]lsPsf] s'g} kb olt ;do;Dd dfq xg] egL tf]lsPsf] hflusf] bhf{ . @=
DofbL gf]sL jf bhf{ . ~ ;lGw gf) DofbL ;lGw b'O{ b]z jf cg]s b]zxsf aLrdf s'g} ljifo
nfO{ lnP ePsf] ;fjlws ;lGw . cl:y gf) [;+)] xf8 xf8vf] x8\8L . snf gf) xf8df s'lF b
] sflnu8L cl:ylzNk . Ifo gf) t?0f cj:yfdf nfUg] xf8sf] Ifof]u . 5]bs gf) zLsf xf8
g] ;fwg jf pks0f . k~h gf) != xf8}xf8sf] zLsf] lkFhf cl:ydo zLsf] cfsf s
\sfn
dfq afFsL x]sf] zLsf] cj:yf . cl:y lj) [;+)] != l:y gePsf] rsrs] r~rn :jefjsf] . @=
bn eOxg] clglZrt . tf gf) l:y gx'gfsf] efj jf k|lqmof r~rntf . cl:yzf]y gf) [;+)] !
f8sf] ;'h . @= xf8 ;'lgg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . cl:y;+xfcl:y;+xfs gf) [;+)] x]) x8r" . cl
~ro gf) [;+)] != zjbfx ul;s]kl5 s'g} kljq gbL jf k'0o tLy{df k|jflxt ugf{sf lglDt
xf8, vfgL cflb hDdf ug]{ sfd . @= xf8sf] y'k|f] jf f; . >f4 gf) zjbfx u]sf t];|f] jf
kfFrf}F lbgdf ulg] k|]t>f4 . cl:y;f gf) [;+)] zLsf nfdfnfdf xf8sf] leqL efudf xg] g
Gt' jf ];f df;L . c:k6 lqm) lj) [;+) c;\k6 (hfg')] != 56k6 v6k6 ps';d's'; . gf) @= ;f
f0feGbf w]} vfgfn] k]6df x'g] c;lhnf]kg . > c:k6fO gf) c:k6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
of . c:k6fOg' c) lqm) c:k6fpg] sfd xf]Og' 56kl6g' . c) lqm) c:k6fpg'[ != c:k6 x'g' a
]rg } x'g' 56k6fpg' . @= cK7]f] jf ufx|f] x'g' . c:kl6g' c) lqm) c:k6 x'g' 56kl6g' .
c:k6L gf) x]) c:k6 56k6L . c:k6] lj) w]} vfP c:k6fpg] 56kl6g] . c:k lqm) lj) != k]
g] uL w] vfP . @= c;lhnf] x'g] uL . c:k6fO gf) c:k6 x'gfsf] efj jf 9a . c:k6fO gf)
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . c:k6fOg' s) lqm) c:kl6g nfOg' . c:k6fpg' k|) ] lqm) c:kl6g
nfpg' . c:ktfn gf) [c
\) xl:k6n] f]uLsf] cf}ifwLpkrf ug]{ ;fj{hlgs 3 jf 7fpF lrlsT;f
f}ifwfno .
90

c:kz{ gf) [;+)] :kz{sf] cefj 5'g gldNg] jf g5f]Og] l:ylt . c:ki6 lj) [;+)] != :ki6
gePsf] 5f\ gv'n]sf] . @= wldnf] 3'd}{nf] . #= ga'lemg] ;lGbUw . c:k[Zo lj) [;+)] !=
dfTg gx'g] s'g} f]uJofw cflbsf sf0fn] :kz{ ug{ gx'g] . @= c5"t . tf gf) c:k[Zo x'gfs
f] l:ylt jf kll:ylt 5'g gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . c:k[x lj) [;+)] OR5f jf rfxgf gePsf
] nf]e gug]{ lgnf]e { L lgisfd . c:k'm6 lj) [;+)] != :ki6 gePsf] ga'lemg] c:ki6 . @=
|s6 gePsf] ck|s6 . c:dfg gf) [kmf) cf:dfg] w]} dflysf] 7fpF cfsfz ge 6'Kkf] . > c:dfg
gf) != cfsfzsf] h:tf] lkmSsf gLnf] csf;] . @= k|frLg sfndf klZrd g]kfnsf] kxf8L e]u
df 3sf] w'L g} lkR5] nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] ltf] jf sd . lj) #= csf;] sf] cfsfzsf] h:tf]
$= cf:dfg jf cfsfz;DaGwL . cl:dtf gf) [;+)] != cxd\sf] efj cledfg cx\sf . @= cl:tTj
jBdfgtf . #= of]uzf:qsf kfFr Sn]zdWo] Ps . c:d]n lj) [c;Dxfn] Hofb} 7"nf] cnaNn] ;F
efNg} g;lsg] (hf], af9L cflb) . c:of]n gf) [k|mf)] k|mfG;sf] ;]G6 c:of]n eGg] 7fpF
df kfOPsf], k|frLg dfgjn] k|of]u u]sf] pks0f ;f]xL 7fpFdf kfOPsf] dfgjLo hLjfZd . ~
dfgj gf) r]lnog jf PAa]ljlnog dfgjeGbf kl5sf] dfgj k|mfG;sf] ;]G6 c:of]n gfds :yfg
df ;aeGbf klxn] kfOPsf] dfgj o:tf dfgjl;t nIf0f ldNg] ;+;fsf] h'g;'s} 7fpFdf kfOPs
f] dfgj . c:j:y lj) [;+)] != :j:y gePsf] lafdL f]uL dbf}? lrlGtt . @= b'a{n lga{n
tf gf) c:j:y x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . c:jfefljs lj) [;+)] != :jfefljs gePsf] ck|fs[lt
s x'gk ' g]{ h:tf] gePsf] . @= agfj6L s[lqd . tf gf) :jfefljs gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
ck|fs[lts l:ylt . c:jflds lj) [;+)] dflns jf xsjfnf sf]xL gePsf] a]jfl;L (dfndQf, h
Uuf cflb) . tf gf) dfnwgL jf xsjfnf gx'gfsf] efj a]jfl;L . c:jf:Yo gf) [;+)] :jf:Yo
7Ls gx'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt zfLls jf dfgl;s ljs[ltn] u|:t cj:yf . c:jLs0f gf) [;+)] :jL
sf gug]{ lqmofk|lqmof jf u'0f c:jLsf . c:jLsf gf) [;+)] != :jLsf gug]{ lqmof jf efj
Gh'L a]dGh'L . @= c;xdlt dGh' gug]{ sfd . c:jLs[t lj) [;+)] :jLsf gulPsf] gfdGh'
t gf) [;+)] c:jLsf gfdGh'L a]dGh'L .

91

c:j]?cx|f]6cx|f}6 cxfo{ lj) [;+)] x0f ug{ gx'g] jf g;lsg] rf]g{ gx'g] . cxfn gf) cfxf
. clx+;s lj) [;+)] != lx+;f jf dfsf6 gug]{ . @= csf{nfO{ kL8f jf gf]S;fg x'g] sfd
gug]{ zflGtlk|o . clx+;f gf) [;+)] != lx+;fsf] cefj sf6df gug]{ sfd . @= k|f0fLdfqn
fO{ b'Mv, kL8f cflb x'g] lrQ b'Vg] cfr0f gug]{ sfd . jfb gf) dfsf6 jf lx+;f gug]{ l
;4fGt . jfbL lj) clx+;fjfbsf] cg'ofoL clx+;fjfbsf] l;4fGt dfGg] zflGtlk|o . clx+;s
| lj) [;+)] lx+;f jf sf6df gug]{M clx+;s . clxt gf) [;+)] != lxtsf] cefj s'enf] csNo
f0f cksf . @= vfaL gfd|f]kgf . clx gf) [;+) cfeL] ufO{e; F} L kfn] k]6 kfNg] JolQm
clxf] gf) [;+) cfeLo{] l;sf v]lng] hgfj l;sf P]f] . clxn] lqm) lj) [of] lxn]] !=
t v] oxL avtdf . @= cfhsfn ca xfn;fn xfn . 3l lqm) lj) t'?Gt} tTsfn . cx]ts ' l
sf0f gePsf] csf0f dtna gePsf] a]dtnasf] . cx} cJo) [c x}] cfk"m ;dfgsf ;fyL;FuLxnfO{
]wg ug]{ zAb . (pbf) cx}, tF s] ug{ nflu;\ <) . cxf] lj) af]) [;+)] cfZro{, lj:do,
k|z+;f, cfgGb, v]b, zf]s cflb a'emfpFbf k|of]u ulg] cJoo . (pbf) cxf], s:tf] hf8f
] cxf], larf ;fg] eLaf6 n8]5 ) . cxf]fq lqm) lj) [;+)] != lbg ft ftf]lbg lbgf
g . gf) @= ftlbgsf] ;do rf}aL; 306fsf] ;do . cx|fO gf) != cx|fp (cfO)] cx|fpg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cx|fOg' s) lqm) cx|fpg] sfd ulg' v6fOg' . l;sfO gf) cx|fpg]
l;sfpg] sfd . cx|fp gf) [;+) cx{\cfp] cx|fpg] sfd v6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof cx|f6 ] .
> cx|fpg' ;) lqm) s;}nfO{ s'g} sfds'f] ug{ nufpg' cf1f lbg' sfddf v6fpg' . kx|fp g
s;}nfO{ sfd ugf{sf lglDt cf1f lbg] lqmof jf k|lqmof v6gk6g cx|fj6 cx|f6 ] kx|f6 ] .
cx|fj6 gf) cx|fp cx|f6 ] . cx|f]6cx|f}6 gf) [cx|fp cf]6cf}6] cx|fpg] sfd cf1f v6g .
|f6 } ] lj) cx|f]6cg';f ug]{ v6fPsf] dfGg] cf1fsfL .

c:j]? gf) nueu &=@) ;]) ld) nfdf], e]6g \ fkl ;'Sb} uPsf], xlof kft x'g] gLnf] k"mn
k'mNg] gLn} sf] sfkmnh:tf] kmn nfUg] Ps a'6f] . cx lj) af]) :jtGqL aGb eO{ c3f]if :k
z{sf kdf pRrf0f x'g] 7f8f] kdf c:jLsf, OGsf, lgif]w cflb a'emfpg] cJoo . (pbf) cxF,
fg uP klg d of] s'f dflGbgF) . cx gf) [;+) cxg\] != lbg lbj; . @= lbgsf clwi7ftf b]
jtf . #= lji0f' . $= ;"o{ . %= k|foM ;
\VofjfrL zAbsf k5fl8 ;df; eP hf]l8g] zAb jf
pQ/kb (Psfx, ;Ktfx, bzfx O)) . cx
\sf gf) [;+)] != cfk"mnfO{ ;j]{;jf{ ;Demg] lqmof,
efj jf u'0f cledfg 3dG8 ;]vL dkfO{F, cxdTofOF . @= l; qmf]w . > cx
\sfL lj) != cx
\
dfgL 3dG8L . @= l;fxf qmf]wL . cxb gf) [c)] != ;lGw ;Demf}tf ldnfk . @= lgZro 7x k
. #= sa'n ;
\sNk k|lt1f . hftf gf) c b]z;Fusf ;lGwcg';f ag]sf lgodsfg'g . gfdf
O{ ;sf;DaGwL l;dfgf c Joj:yf;d]tnfO{ lgoddf fVg] P]gsfg'g . @= b'O{ ;sf;DaGwL ;lGw
cxGtf gf) [;+)] cx\sf ;]vL uj{ . cxd\ ;j{) [;+)] != d . gf) @= uj{ cx\sf . afh
8L . > cxdTofO gf) != d} x'F eGg] efj cledfg . @= uDSofx6 dft . cxDefjcxDdGotf gf)
x
\sf . ;afn gf) dxjk"0f{ ;afn jf k|Zg . cxlg{z lqm) lj) [;+)] != ftlbg rf}aL;} 306
q ftf]lbg . @= ;w}F lgTo . cxNsf gf) [kmf) cxnsf] 33df lr7Lkq afF8g \ ] x'nfssf] l;
'nfsL xNsff . cxNof lj) [;+)] != xn gnufPsf] jf ghf]t]sf] (hldg) . gf) @= uf}tdsL k
TgL . cx:tIf]k gf) [;+)] x:tIf]ksf] cefj, s;}sf] x:tIf]k gePsf] l:ylt . ~ gLlt gf)
cGtf{li6o l;4fGtcg';f Ps b]zsf] leqL dfdnf Jofkf cflbdf csf]{ b]zn] x:tIf]k gug]{ l
;4fGt . cxx lj) af]) [;+)] cfZro{, v]b, b'Mv, ysfO, zf]s, xif{ cflb cy{ a'emfpg]
cJoo . cxf lj) af]) [;+) cxf]] cxf] cxx . cxfg gf) [;+) cfVofg] cfxfg . cxfcxff gf)
) cfxf] cfxf .

cfcf6\g'
92

cf
b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :j/j0f{dWo] bf];|f] :jj0f{ kDkfut kdf s07:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g] bL3
:j/j0f{ dflgPsf] / efifflj1fgcg';f s]Gb|Lo, kZr, v'nf, cuf]lnt :jj0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f]
:j/j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . cf@ pk) [;+)] clnslt, ;Dd, e, k"f, JoflKt cfl
b cy{ a'emfpg wft' jf zAbsf cufl8 hf]l8g] pk;u{ (cfSt, cfd0f, cfof]u O)) . cf cJo) [
c) d")] != d'v kmlg] jf v'Ng] uL d'v afpg] jf vfg dfUg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= afns f]Psf]
zAb . cfF ubf{ cG;f a'lemG5 (pvfg) . cfs\g' ;) lqm) [;+) c\sg] != ufx|f] sfd ug]{ ;f
x; ug'{ cfF6 ug'{ Xofp fVg' . @= lrq agfpg' . cfs! gf) [;+) c
\s] != cfF6 Xofp lxDdt
pv'sf cfFVnfsf] 6';f] pd|g] efu cfFvf] . cfs@ gf) [;+) cs{] jsf 5fF6sf], e'jfbf, b"w
cfpg] ;]tf] jf KofhL
sf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps af]6 cs{ . cfs8f gf) [cfFs8f] s'g} kIf jf
lt ;"lrt ug]{ l:y c
\s tYof
\s . cflsg' s) lqm) [cfFs \ Og'] cfFSg] sfd ulg' cfFl6g
gf) [cfFs'f]O{] dl;gf kft, ;;fgf KofhL
sf k"mn rgfsf h:tf sf];f kmNg] Ps hftsf] 3fF;
. cfs'f] gf) [;+) c
\s'] != vsf xfFufdf knfPsf] 6';f] ev{ lg:sg nfu]sf] kft 6';f
lrpnf] c
\s ' . @= uFx'afLdf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] nx] emf s'6'nLsf];fsf] af]6 . #= cfFs'
gf) [cfFvf]sf] a) j) jf lt) )] x]) cfFvf] . sf] gfgL gf) != cfFvfsf] k'tnL . lj) @
= ;fx|} dgkbf]{ cf}wL Koff] . ~ lrs'jf gf) cfFvfdf kbf{ lkf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfnf]
\
] ;fgf] sLf] . ~ 5nL gf) cfFvf 5n] v]Ng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . ~ t?jf gf) != af6'nf ;
;fgf k"mn k'mNg], kfs]kl5 k6k6L lg:sFbf cfFvf t]h:tf] b]lvg], t]n cfpg] kmn kmNg]
;fgf] v cfFvft] . lj) @= cfFvf t] x]g]{ sfd ug]{ . t] gf) cfFvft?jf . bf lj)
n] n k]sf] g;fbf . (pbf) lhGbuLsf] l56f] y'k|f] cfFvfbf g;fel . nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6f,
]rgf) . ~ kmf]8j ' fkmf] gf) nfdf v'f x'g,] emfkftdf a:g] xlof]
sf] nfdf] sLf] .
dgkbf]{ OR5fnfUbf] . cfvL gf) [cfFvf] O{] x]g{] OlGb|o b[li6 cfFvf] . @= O{iof{oQ '
m
cf!

x]fO s'b[li6 . #= c3]{nf] . ~ u]8L gf) != cfFvfsf] u]8f] clIfuf]ns . @= ftLu]8L nfnu]
L . ~ ofn gf) ufO{sf cfFvfsf afGsLsf] jf ;fgf;fgf Kjfn ePsf] ofn ujfIf . t] gf) x]
vft?jf . ~ e'O F gf) cfFvfdflysf] lgwfeGbf d'lgsf] l8n ToxfF pd|g] t];f]{ f}Fsf] ]v
. ef} gf) cfFvLe'OF . cfv] lj) [cfFvf] P] cfFvf ePsf] cfFvf x'g] (PscfFv], b'Oc
Fv] cflb) . ~ l6d' gf) l6d'sf] Ps e]b af]sl] 6d' . ~ ;Nnf] gf) Ps hftsf] ;Nnf] . cfv
f) [;+) clIf] != csf]{ j:t', hLj jf kbfy{sf k
\u, cfsfk|sf, e]blje]b cflbsf] 1fg ug]{
|f0fLsf] OlGb|o x]g]{ OlGb|o b[li6 gog g]q . @= pv', afF; cflbsf hf]gL{sf] ufF7f] v c
lbsf] ufFl7Psf] luvf]{ cfFVnf] . #= s'b[li6 rf]vL . $= lknf]leq ut kLk hd]sf] 8Nnf]
jf luvf]{ . lj) %= ;a}eGbf fd|f] f]hf pQd . cfVn] lj) [cfFVnf] P] != cfFVn}cfFVnf
f] w]} cfFvf ePsf] . @= 7"n7"nf aflx lg:s]sf cfFvf ePsf] aN8f
\u]| . ~ emf gf) cfF
nf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] emf . cfVnf] gf) [cfFvf] nf]] afF;, lgufnf], pv', ds}sf] 8fFSnf],
aG;f] cflbdf x'g] hf]gL{aLrsf] ufF7f] xfFuf af]6sf hf]gL{sf] ufF7f] cfFvf] . cfu gf
)x]) cf
. cfug gf) [;+) k|f
\u0f] 3cl3lNt tf5L, v'sL{ ;kmf kfL agfOPsf] rf}s'gf ldn]s
v'nf hUuf cfF
g . > cfugL gf) cfFugsf] ;fgf] k cfFug (nf]suLt, sljtf cflbdf) . cfuf
d;n vfnsf] sfnf] Ps hftsf] wfg cf
f . cfr gf) [;+) clr{M] != r'nfdf a;fOPsf efF8fsf k
LFwdf nfUg] tfk jf fk . @= s'g} sfds'fk|lt k'ofOg] ;xof]u . #= s'g} b]zsf] fli6otf jf
hgLltdf csf]{ b]zsf] k|efj jf x:tIf]ksf] ultljlw b]vf kg]{ l:ylt . cfrn gf) [;+) c
~rn] != ;fL, bf]kf cflbsf] 5]psf] efu ;Ksf] . @= k5f}f . #= ljjfxdf nugufF7f] kfg]{ s
k8f . ~ uf7f] gf) nugufF7f] . cflrnf gf) [cfnL lrnf]] xn'sf rfnn] v]tsf] cfnL tf5\g]
sfd 5L . cflrnf] lj) [cfFr Onf]] cfFr nfUg] cfFr cfpg] cfFr ePsf] . cfrf]vfrf]
vfFrf]] vgvfFrf] xhf{ uh{ . cf6\g' ;) lqm) [cfF6
g'] != dgn] pT;fxk"js { s'g} sfd

93

cf6cf+lzs jf bf]xf]f] 5fnfsf] y}nL c08sf]z cfF8f cfF8f] . ~ df]Ng' 6') s;}nfO{ lemf
nf]eGbf tNnf] txsf] ;]jfz'>"iff ug{' . (pbf) kmfObf x'G5 eGb}df h;sf] klg cfF8 df]
Ng' gLrtf xf] ) . > cf 8 f gf) cfF 8 c08sf] i f . cf8 ' lj) != c08sf]if jf cfF8f ePs
f] ln
\u jf hgg]lGb|osf] g;R5]bg jf cGo tlsfff k|hggzlQm gl5gflnPsf] (3f]8f, ;fF9] cfl
b), g;'dlPsf] v;L gkflPsf] . @= g;'dlPsf] 3f]8f, ;fF9] cflb h:t} crf8" jf c8ldNbf] .
(pbf) sf]xL klg fd]nfO{ dg kfpFb}gg\ lsgeg] pm cfF8" 5 .) . cf8] lj) != cfF8 jf c08
f]if ePsf] . @= Pp6fsf t'ngfdf csf]{rflxF cfF8 7"nf] ePsf] . #= Pp6} dfq cfF8 eP
sf] . $= c8ldNbf] jf gldNbf] . (pbf) P sfG5f, tF t s:tf] cfF8] s'f u5{;\ xF ) . cf8f
] gf) c08sf]if cfF8 . cft gf) [;+) cGq] != cGtMs0f cfzo dgsf] efj . @= cfGb|f] . #=
leqL efu . $= s'g} j:t'sf] leqL tx jf efu . cft gf) [;+) cGt] != v]tafL hf]Tbf d]nf]
a9fpg] qmddf l;of] 8f]laPsf 7fpFsf] aLrdf 5'6]sf] afFemf] hUuf . @= v]tafL vGg]
sfddf Psn] csf{nfO{ pl5Gg] sfd . cfwL gf) [;+) cGw O{] != w"nf] kftklt
\u p8fpFb},
3x xNnfpFb} ntfb}{ j]ul;t rn]sf] kfgLsf] yf]Knf k]sf] jf gk]sf] atf; x'L cfFwLa
7"nf] ;d:of . #= gePsf] s'f . a]xL gf) cfFwL . cfwf] gf) [;+) cGw] != ;k{sf] h:tf]
fsf ePsf], cfFvf gb]Vg] Ps hftsf] df5f] . lj) @= eg]sf] s'f ga'g] jf g;Demg] cwa];|f
] . #= cGwf] . cfk gf) [;+) cfd|] != j;Gt Ct'df d~hL nfUg], k'mNg] lrlrnf kmn kmNg]
Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] u'lnof] 7"n7"nf] kmn (sfnL cfFk, ld;|L cfFk, lah'jf c
fFk, ;'kfL cfFk O)) cfd| . e'mQ]e'mKk] lj) != cfFksf h:t} e'mQf] jf e'mKkf] nfUg] .
gf) @= cfFkh:t} e'mlQP kmNg] Ps hftsf] wfg . cf;L gf) [;+) cfzL] != sf}FtLh:tf] bfFt
] wf x'g] 7"nf] xFl;of slrof . @= xFl;of . cf; ' gf) [;+) c>'] xif{, zf]s, kL8f cflb
df cfFvfaf6 cfpg] g'lgnf] kfgL g]qhn c>' . ~ k'5fpgL gf) b'Mvdf k]sf dflg;nfO{ b'Mv
la;f{pg jf ;Gtf]ifsf lglDt lbOg] yf]} j:t' . cf+lzs lj) [;+)] != s]xL eful;t ;DalG
wt yf]} efu dfq ePsf] . (pbf) cf+lzs kdf of] s'f ;To xf] .) . @= c+z jf efu;DaGwL c+z
jifos . #= ljZjljBfno jf cGo s'g} txsf] kLIffsf lgwf{lt ljifo jf kqxdWo] s]xL;Fu df
q ;DalGwt (cf+lzs kLIff, cf+lzs k|of]hgsf lglDt

ug]{ ;';f ug'{ sfds'fsf] r]i6f ug'{ . @= ;fx; ug'{ lxDdt ug'{ . #= sfdsf] cfDe ug'{
' . cf6! gf) aflx sfF8fbf afSnf] af]qmf x'g], leq sfnf] laofF ePsf] ;;fgf] ;]tf] sf]
of x'g] u'lnof] kmn ;lnkmf . cf6@ gf) [cfFt <] s'g} sfds'f] ug]{ dgsf] pT;fx ;fx; lx
. sf6 gf) cfF6 pT;fx cfF6 . cf6f gf) [;+) c] ux'F cflbsf] kL7f] . cfl6g' s) l
g'] cfF6\g] sfd ulg' cfFlsg' . cfl6nf] lj) [cfF6 Onf]] cfF6 ePsf] lxDdtbf ;fx;L
cf6L! lj) [cfF6 O{] cfF6 ePsf] cfFl6nf] ;fx;L . cfF6L 5f]fnfO{ af3n] vfFbg } (pvfg)
. cf6L@ gf) != x]) cfF6! . @= a'OFun jf rf]6fsf] tnf] . cf6L# gf) vs6xsf] sf]ofleqsf]
laofF . cf6f] gf) [;+) c] != ds} lkFw ] kL7f] efu 5fF6L afFsL x]sf] 5f]qmf ds}sf] eft
. @= cfF6f . cf7 gf) [;+) cGq] zLsf s
sf] hf]gL{ s
d]?b08sf aLrsf] ;lGw:yn . ~ cl
f c
\upkf\uxsf] ;lGw:yn xf8xsf] hf]gL{ . @= s'g} j:t' jf hLjsf z/L/sf b'O{ efusf] ;lGw
yn . sf7 gf) != zLsf c
\upkf\usf] hf]gL{ jf ;lGw:yn . @= s'g} j:t'x hf]l8Psf] efu
F7jksf] efu . cf7f gf) [cfF7f]sf] lt) )] x]) cfF7f] . cf7L gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} cfF7f
x . ~ ;x lqm) lj) ;fFw l;dfgfsf hUufsf] cg';f jf ;f] hUufdf rn]ePem}F (df]ntf]n, ltf]
pAhgL O)) . cf7L gf) [cfF7f]O{] kfn, 3fF; cflbsf] ;fgf] d'7f] . cf7! ] lj) [cfF7f]
cfF7c } fF7f ePsf] d'7d } 7 ' f kf]sf] r'N7}rN ' 7f ag]sf] . cf7@ ] gf) [cf7P] != k|
oM cf7 lbg] DofbL Hjf] cf7 lbgdf lafdL lgsf] x'g] jf dg]{ 8nfUbf] ;?jf Hjf] . @= clGt
d Joyf . lj) #= n7'jf . cf7f] gf) [;+) cGq] != v]tsf] ;fgf] uf] jf kmf]u6f] 5'lg] uL
aLrdf nufOPsf] cfnL . @= ;fgf] kmf]u6f] . #= s;}sf efusf] v]tafLsf 5]psf] cfnL jf
l8n hUufhldgsf] ;fFwl;dfgf . $= vkfnsf] sNnL jf d'7f] . %= kfn cflbsf 8f]Lsf] kf]o
^= ;'tL{sf] hu6f . &= kftsf] d'7f] . *= s]6fs]6Ln] l;Gsf}nL v]Nbf l;Gsf] n'sfpg]
afn'jf jf w"nfsf] y'k|f] . (= Pp6} kfL afl6g] skfnsf] r'N7f] . ~ r'N7f] gf) s]z,
wfuf] cflbsf] a6flPsf] 8f]f] . cf8 gf) [k|f) cfFf] < ;+) c08] :tgkfoL hLjhGt'sf] efn]
ln
\u jf hgg]lGb|odlGt jLo{jflxgL gf8L ePsf] lkmns

cfMcfsfz n]lvPsf] zf]wkq O)) . cfM lj) af]) xif{, cfZro{, lemFHofx6, a]jf:tf, 3[0f
f cflb a'emfpFbf k|of]u ulg] cJookb (pbf) cfM, ;fgf]ltgf] s'fdf lsg cndlng] < cfM,
o;f] geg .) . cfO gf) [;+) Xjfg] != e}F;L jf kf8fkf8L sfpFbf cfpg] zAb . @= e}F;L j
f kf8fkf8L (afnaf]nLdf) . #= 6f]Sg] sfd xft uf8\g] sfd 6f]sfO -afnaf]nLdf_ . sfhL g
f) e}; F Lsf] df;' vfg]nfO{ lxofP elgg] zAb . kf8f] gf) e}F;Lsf] kf8f] . dftf gf) e
}; F L (Jo
\Uofy{df) . cfO gf) [cfp O] cfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cfOs gf) [c
\)] 3
dfP sf7 Kjfn kfg]{ ;'Of] adf{ . cfOhfO gf) [cfO hfO] cfpg] hfg] lqmofk|lqmof . cfOl
gcfOl8g gf) [c
\) cfof]l8g] 3fp ePdf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] f;folgs emf]n cf}ifwL . cfOt gf
[;+) cflbTo] != cflbTo . @= cfOtaf . af gf) ;ftjfdWo] klxnf] jf zlgjf ;f]djfsf
f . af] lj) != cfOtafdf hGd]sf] cfOtaf;Fu ;DalGwt . gf) @= ufO{j:t'sf] Iffsf lgldQ
fOtafsf lbg uf]7df w"kw'jfF ulg] b]jtf . cfOg' c) lqm) [cfp O g'] sxLFaf6 cfpg] sfd
xf]Og' cfudg eOg' . ~ g ;fOg' gf) gftf;DaGw s]xL gePsf] cj:yf gftf g uf]tf . ;fOg' g
) gftfuf]tf Oi6ldq . cfOGbf lqm) lj) [kmf) cfOGb] != km]lkm]l csf]k { N6 afDaf . @
cab]lv capk|fGt eljiodf . cfOdfO{ gf) [;+) cfof{dftf] != :jf:gLdfG5], gfLhflt dlxnf .
cfp gf) [;+) cfd] != skmsf 5fF6sf] ;]tf] lrKnf] n]:ofOnf] lb;f df;L . @= l5gl5gdf y
f]}yf]} To:tf] lb;f x'g] f]u . cfpbf] lj) [cfpF bf]] kl5 cfpg] cfpg nfu]sf] cfufd
hfp gf) [cfp hfp] cfpg] hfg] sfd cfOhfO . cfptL gf) ljjfxdf b'nxL leq\ofPkl5 cftL:o
pFnL ug]{ lbbLalxgLxn] b'j} sGr6df nfpg] lkFws ] f rfdnsf] kL7f] . cfpgL gf) [cfp
gL] cfpg] sfd xflhL cfudg pkl:ylt . cfpg' c) lqm) [cfp g'] != sxLF st}af6 tf]lsPsf 7
pFdf cfOk'Ug' cfudg x'g' . @= rncrn ;DklQ k|fKt x'g' cfDbfgL x'g' . cfp] lj) [cfp
]
fpg] cfuGt's . afp] lj) lgDtf] u] cfpg] lgDtflagf g} cfpg] sfdn] cfpg] To;} cfp
s07 lqm) lj) [;+)] s07 jf unf;Dd cfpg] uL k"} k]6 elg] lsl;dn] 3fF6L;Dd (cfs07 :g]x,
fs07 ef]hg
94

O)) . cfs gf) [;+)] vfgL pTklQ:yfg . @= e08f 9's'6L . u|Gy gf) ;Gbe{u|Gy ;xfos u|G
fsif{s gf) [;+)] != cfsif{0f ug]{ jf lvFRg] tfGg] l3RRofpg] . @= k|efljt jf df]lxt
u] cfk"mlt tfGg] . gf) #= r'Das . $= s;L nufpg] kTy . cfsif{0f gf) [;+)] != zlQm, u'0
f, dfof, ljz]iftf cflbn] s;}nfO{ cfk"mlt tfGg] lqmofsnfk . @= dflg; jf j:t'nfO{ c
fk"mkl tfGg] tflGqs ljBf jf s'zntf d'x'gL . ~ zlQm gf) s;}nfO{ k|efljt jf df]lxt kfL
cfk"mlt lvRg] ef}lts zlQm jf ljz]iftf . cfslif{t lj) [;+)] cfsif{0f ulPsf] l3RRofOP
sf] tflgPsf] . cfsne'msn lqm) lj) s'g}s'g} a]nf slxn]sfxLF d'l:snn] Psb'Ok { N6 cfSsn
'mSsn . cfsng gf) [;+)] != lng], hDdf ug]{ jf e]nf ug]{ sfd ;~ro ug]{ sfd . @= u0f
gf ug]{ sfd uGtL . #= efjL sfo{sf af]df ;f]r ] ulg] sNkgf jf cg'dfg . > cfsngLo lj) c
fsng ug{ of]Uo cfsng ug{ ;'xfpFbf] . cfslnt lj) [;+)] ;~ro jf hDdf ulPsf] cfsng ulPsf
] . cfsNk lqm) lj) [;+)] sNk x'Gh]n k[YjL hnfdo geP;Dd sNke . cfsl:ds lj) [;+)] cs:df
\ ePsf] crfgs ePsf] jf ulPsf] ckem{6sf] (sfo{, b'36 { gf O)) . ~ sf]if gf) ;sfL jf u}
;+:yf cflbdf cs:dft\ kg]{ sfdsf lglDt gub jf lhG;L hDdf ulPsf] flz hu]8f sf]if . c
fsl:dstf gf) [;+)] cs:dft\ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf PsfPs 36\g] jf x'g] k|lqmof eljtJot
f . jfb gf) ;+;fdf h]hlt x'G5 jf ePsf] 5 cs:dft\ jf 36gfjz g} x'G5 eGg] Ps l;4fGt .
jfbL lj) cfsl:dstfjfbsf] cg'ofoL cfsl:dstfjfbsf] l;4fGt dfGg] . cfsf gf) [af) af])
] u'x' cfrL . cfsf\Iff gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'fsf] OR5f clenfiff . @= jfSofy{sf] 1fgsf l
glDt kl5 cfpg] zAbsf] rfxgf ug]{ lqmof . > cfsf\lIft lj) OR5f ulPsf] rflxPsf] clenlif
t . cfsf\IfL lj) OR5f ug]{ rfxg] clenfifL . cfsf gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'sf] :jk cfs[
fOh) . @= sb . #= afGsL agfj6 . $= cf cIf jf cfsf] lrXg . $= O;ff ;\s]t . jfg\
cfs[lt ePsf] ;fsf . @= kjfg\ ;'Gb . #= ;u'0f . > cfsffGt lj) cGtdf cf x'g] (cIf)
lj) s'g} k jf cfsf lbOPsf] cfsfdf 9flnPsf] . cfsfz gf) [;+)] != k[YjL tyf u|xgIfqsf a
rsf] dfl:t

95

cfSsne'mSsncfv]6 k|:t't ulPsf] 9fFrf jf k . d"ns juL{s0f gf) cfs[lt jf ktjsf cfwf/
/g] juL{s/0f To:tf] efiffjuL{s/0f kblgdf{0f tyf jfSolgdf{0f ug]{ lsl;dsf of]ufTds
/ cof]ufTds cflb :jksf cfwfdf ljZjsf efiffnfO{ ljleGg kmfF6df 5'fpg] sfd . cfs[i6 lj)
[;+)] != k|efljt ePsf] cfslif{t . @= l3RRofOPsf] tflgPsf] . cfqmGbg gf) [;+)] != f]
bg ?jfO ljnfk . @= sfO lrRRofx6 . cfqmlGbt lj) [;+)] != f]Psf] ljnfk ulPsf] lanf}g
. @= lrRRofOPsf] sfOPsf] . cfqmd0f gf) [;+)] ank"j{s ;Ldf pNn\3g u] csf{sf] fHo jf
fudf ulg] r9fO wfjf xdnf . sfL lj) cfqmd0f ug]{ xdnf ug]{ . cfqmldt lj) [;+)] cfqm
lPsf] xdnf ulPsf] wfjf af]lnPsf] . cfqmfGt lj) [;+)] != xdnf ulPsf] r9fO ulPsf] . @
eq kflPsf] 3]fp ulPsf] 3]lPsf] . #= xfOPsf] kflht . cfqmfds lj) [;+)] xdnf ug]{
qmd0f ug]{ . cfqmf]z gf) [;+)] != qmf]wk"js { s7f] jf ss{z :jdf ulg] eT;{gf . @= ufn
L jf lgGbf ub}{ ulg] ;fk . #= lrRRofx6 . $= l; h . cfIf]k gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] sfo{, s
g jf cfr0f;DaGwL bf]ifsf lglDt elgg] s6' jf s7f] jrg Jo\Uok"j{ssf] bf]ifff]k0f sn\s
. @= lgGbf lt:sf . #= ofFSg] jf x'ofpg] sfd . $= eGg] s'fdf lgif]wh:tf] clgi6 ljifo
ljlwh:tf] a'lemPdf x'g] Ps cn\sf . > cfIf]ks lj) != cfIf]k nufpg] bf]ifff]k0f ug]{ .
@= ofFSg] x'ofpg] . #= l;sfL . $= Ps k|sfsf] afysf] f]u . cfIf]k0f gf) != bf]if jf s
nufpg] sfd . @= ofFSg] jf x'ofpg] lqmof . cfvt gf) [;+) cIft] != c5]tf . @= Oi6nUgs
f] s'08nLdf c5]tf fv] jf v;fn] x]lg] z'efz'e kmn hf]vgf . cfv gf) [;+) cIf] x]) cIf
v lj) [kmf)] != ;a}eGbf kl5sf] clGtd . lqm) lj) @= cGTodf lgrf]df . gf) #= vfFrf] xhf
uh{ . sf lqm) lj) cflvdf cGtdf cGttf]uTjf . > cflvL lj) != kl5Nnf] k5fl8sf] clGt
] . @= cflv jf cGTodf ePsf] (s'f], lg0f{o, tf]s O)) . gf) #= cGTo . cfv]6 gf) [;+)]
l;sf v]lng] hLjhGt' l;sf clxf] . > cfv]6s lj) != l;sf v]Ng] clxf] ug]{ . gf) @= l
] JolQm l;sfL . cfv]l6s lj) l;sf v]Ng l;kfn'

x]bf{ v'nf gLnf] b]lvg] z"Go ckf :yfg csf; ;u cf;dfg cGtlIf . @= ul0ftdf z"Gosf] k
. ~ s';'d gf) cfsfzsf] k"mn x'g} g;Sg] s'f] . ~ v]tL gf) != cfsfzaf6 k]sf kfgLsf] edf
x'g] v]tL . @= cfsfzj[lQ . #= a]sf eP uPsf] v]tL afnLgfnLz"Go v]tL . u\uf gf) cfsfzd
pQb]lv blIf0f;Dd Hof]ltk'~hsf kdf km}lnPsf ;fgf;fgf gIfqxsf] ;d"x lgxflsf . rfL
fzdf lxF8\g] jf p8\g] gIfq, u|x, kG5L, b]jtf cflb . ~ bLk gf) sflQs dlxgfdf cUnf]
ln\ufdf e'mG8fP aflng] aQL cfsfzaQL . ~ kmn gf) cfsfzdf x]sf] kmn kfpg g;lsg] s'f]
aQL gf) cfsfzbLk . ~ a]nL gf) rd]nLsf cfsfsf] Ps k|sfsf] k"mn k'mNg] nxf] . eflift
gf6sdf g6n] cfsfzlt kms] { PSn} u]sf] jf af]ns ] f] (s'f]) gf6sdf PSn} cb[Zo JolQml;
t ulPsf] jf af]lnPsf] (s'f]) . ~ d08n gf) cfsfzsf] 3]f] . ~ dfu{ gf) cfsfzsf] af6f] j
o'ofgsf] dfu{ . ~ ofg gf) xjfO{hxfh jfo'ofg ljdfg . jNnL gf) l;dfnL cflbsf] af]6 jf
emfdf :jtM km}lng] kft, kmn cflb s]xL gx'g] xlof] jf kx]n F f] nxf] cdjNnL . jf0fL
!= cfsfzaf6 af]lng] af]nL b]jjf0fL . @= tfsf] ;DaGwljgf g} oGqff cfpg] zAb ]l8of]af6
;'lgg] zAb . j[lQ gf) vfgsf lglDt s'g} k];f jf cfwf gePsf] tyf kl>d gulg] cj:yf jf J
ojxf clglZrt j[lQ . ;]jf k gf) xjfO{ ;]jfdf sfd ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon]
@)@# ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . > cfsfzf]lQm \ud~rsf s'g} kfqn] cfsfzlt x]] 6]lnkmf]gdf h:
} o;f] eg]sf] xf] o;f] eg]sf] xf]Og eGb} PSn} ug]{ s'f] jf dgf]jfb . cfSsne'mSsn l
qm)lj)x]) cfsne'msn . cfsL0f{ lj) [;+)] rf}lt 5lPsf] lkmFlhPsf] JofKt ePsf] . cfs'~rg
f) [;+)] 5lPsf] j:t'nfO{ Pslqt t'Nofpg] sfd ;d]6g \ ] sfd v'DRofpg] sfd . cfs'l~rt l
j) [;+)] != ;d]l6Psf] a6'lnPsf] . @= v'lDrPsf] bf]la|Psf] . cfs'n lj) [;+)] != x8a8
fPsf] cflQPsf] . @= lbUbf ljXjn . #= If'Aw plUg . tf gf) cfs'n x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
s'ntf a]rg } L plUgtf . ~ Jofs'n lj) cTof;df k]sf] x8a8fPsf] cflQPsf] plUg . > cfs
3a8fPsf] cflQPsf] cft;df k]sf] . cfs[lt gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' jf JolQmsf] :jk cfsf
xf . @= afGsL agfj6 . #= d'v r]xf . ~ lrq gf) != cfs[lt, cg'xf/ jf d'vsf] lrq0f ulPsf
snfs[lt d'xf/lrq . @= s'g} of]hgfsf sfo{ljlwnfO{ lrqsf kdf

cfVtfcf3ft l;sfL (kz' jf JolQm) . cfVtf gf) [kmf) cfvt] v;L kflPsf] 3f]8f ;'d]sf] 3f]
f . > cfVt] lj) v;L kflPsf] (kz' jf 3f]8f) . cfVoft lj) [;+)] != elgPsf] slyPsf] slxP
sf] . @= ;a}n] yfxf kfPsf] k|l;4 Vofltk|fKt . gf) #= ;dflksf lqmof a'emfpg wft'df
nufOg] k|Too lt\k|Too . ~ k|Too gf) ;dflksf lqmof a'emfpg wft'df hf]l8g] k|Too (u\
o
f] uof], eg\ nf eGnf O)) . cfVofg gf) [;+)] != slxg] jf elgg] s'f] jf efj aofg j
[QfGt . @= sxfgL syfpkGof; . #= pkGof;sf ljleGg e]bdWo] kfqff s]xL gegfO{ :jod\ pkGo
f;sfn] ;a} s'f eGg] Ps e]b . > cfVofgs gf) 5f]6f] ls:;f n3'syf 5f]6f] syf . cfVofgfTd
s lj) syf jf syfgssf] z[v \ nf ePsf] ls:;fn] o'Qm . cfVofos lj) [;+)] != s]xL s'f eGg
] jf atfpg] . @= ;dfrf lbg] ;"rgfjfxs . cfVoflosf gf) [;+)] != l;nl;nf ldn]sf] ;fgf
] sxfgL jf syf . @= kfqxff cfgf] rlq s]xL dfqfdf cfkm}Fn] j0f{g ulg] cfVofg . cfut l
[;+)] != cfPsf] cfOk'us ] f] k'Ug'kg]{ 7fpFdf k'us ] f] . @= kfPsf] k|fKt ePsf] . k
ltsf gf) kb]zaf6 ;s'zn kms]{ cfPsf] klt;Fu e]6 x'Fbf xif{ cfgGbn] ub\ub ePsL gflosf
. ~ :jfut gf) kfx'gfxnfO{ ulg] :jfut cfuGt'ssf] ;Tsf . cfuGt's lj) [;+)] != st}af6 c
Ok'us ] f] ckem{6 jf crfgs cfPsf] (JolQm) . @= Ps efiffaf6 csf]{ efiffdf cfPsf] (
zAb cflb) . gf) #= cltly kfx'gf . ~ btf{ gf) cfuGt'sx s]slt sxfFsxfFaf6 cfPsf x'g\ eg
L lnlka4 ug]{ sfd . ~ k'l:tsf gf) cfuGt'sxff x:tfIf ulg] k'l:tsf . cfud gf) [;+)] !=
g} j:t' jf JolQm st}af6 cfpg] jf 7fpFdf k'Ug] sfd (cyf{ud, ;dfud O)) . @= s'g} z
Abdf Wjlg, j0f{, cy{ cflb ylkg] sfd -:j/fud, Jo~hgfud, cflbj0ff{ud, cyf{ud cflb
._ . #= e]6 k|flKt ;\ud . $= cfDbfgL cfo . %= hGd pTklQ . ^= d"n lgu{d:yfg . &= cfpg]
;do eljio . *= tGqzf:q . cfudg gf) [;+)] != cfpg] jf cfOk'Ug] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
@= aflxaf6 ljleGg tj cfP efiffnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ k|lqmof . ~ ljlw gf) vf; ljifodf k|
z:t tYo jf pbfx0f pknAw ufO{ ltgsf] ;fdfGoLs0fff vf; l;4fGt, lgod jf tYodf k'Ug] k|lq
mof jf ljlw cWoog, vf]h tyf ts{ ug]{ qmddf ljlzi6tfaf6 ;fdfGotflt a9\b} hfg] To:tf
] k4lt . > cfudgfTds lj) != tYoxaf6 ;fdfGoLs/0f uL lgisif{
96

lgsflng] cfudg jf cg'udg elgg] ts{k4lt;Fu ;DaGw fVg] . @= k|of]u Pj+ Jojxfff hflgg]
. #= efiffdf cfud Wjlg jf zAbx k|z:t kdf kfOg] . cfu/L gf)x]) cfu|L . cfunfuL gf) [cf
uf]
nfuL] 3, a:tL cflbdf crfgsl;t cfuf] nfUg] jf cfuf] ;Ns] 3;DklQ ;vfk kfg]{ sfd cl
gsf08 . cfunfuL e'mk8L, 8]9 38L eb|f (pvfg) . cfufdL lj) [;+)] kl5 cfpg] kl5 x'g] e
ljio;Fu ;DalGwt cfpFbf] . cfuf gf) [;+)] != a:g] 3 jf;:yfg . @= j:t'x flvg] e08f e
L . cfu] lqm) lj) [;+) cu|]] != klxn] clu cufl8 (ekfO{ cflb lnvtdf k|o'Qm) . @= o;kl
5 pk|fGt . cfuf] gf) [;+) clUg] != t]hk'~h jf bfxs tjsf] b[Zok dflylt Hjfnf p7\g] k|s
zs j:t' clUg . @= l; qmf]w . ~ kfgL gf) != cfuf] kfgL . @= j}efj zq'tf . cflUgs lj
)] cfufsf] cfuf];DaGwL . cfUg]o lj) [;+)] != cfufsf] cfuf];DaGwL . gf) @= k"j{ blIf
0f lbzfsf] sf]0f clUgsf]0f . ~ kljf gf) x]) cUg]nL kljf . > cfUg]of:q gf) k|xf ubf{
sf] jiff{ x'g] Ps c:q clUgaf0f lbJof:q . cfu|x gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'fsf lglDt s;}nfO{
ljgo tyf hf]8;fy ulg] cg'f]w afDafsf] k|fy{gf . @= x7 lh2L . #= tTktf . $= lng] jf
0f ug]{ lqmof . cfu|xfo0f gf) [;+)] d\l; dlxgf dfu{zLif{ dlxgf c3g cuxg . cfu|xL lj)
+)] != cfu|x ug]{ k|fy{gf ug]{ . @= x7L lh2Ljfn . cfu|L gf) [;+) cfsfls] != 9'\ufsf]
sfd ug]{ sflnu8 jf Ps hflt vfgLaf6 9'\uf lemSg] sfdbf cfu/L . @= kmnfdvfgLdf sfd ug]
{ dhb' . lj) #= ;Gtf]if gx'g] c;Gtf]ifL . cflUng' c)lqm) [cfUnf] O
g'] != cfUnf] nf
Ug' . @= aGb x'g' . cfUn] lj) [cfUnf] P] != cfUnf] ePsf] cfUnf];DaGwL . ~ 3 gf) b}nfsf
] leqL efudf cfUnf] l5fpg agfOPsf] Kjfn jf sfkf] b}nfsf] ufF8 . cfUnf] gf) [;+) cu{
n] != ofn9f]sf aGb ug]{ df]6f] nfdf] sf7 jf 8G8L . @= csf{sf] sfds'fdf xflng] efFhL
fddf cfOkg]{ afwf jf c8\sfp . cf3ft gf) [;+)] != PSsfl; nfUg] 7Ss jf wSsf k|xf . @=
rf]6k6s . #= dfgl;s si6 jf Joyf . $= xTof jw . %= jfSoleqsf] vf; zAbdfly zAbleqsf
] vf; cIfdfly lbOg] ljz]if hf]8 :jf3ft .

97

cf3' F cfhGd afgLa]xf] rlq . @= Lltl:ylt . #= ;bfrf cfr0f . $= kf:kls Jojxf jf c

e|i6 lj) cfrfsf b[li6n] e|i6 jf kltt cfrfsf] kfngf gug]{ b'frfL . jfg\ lj) z'4 cf
lgoddf xg] ;Rrlq ;bfrfL . ljrf gf) != cfr0f rfnrng afgLa]xf]f . @= xg;xg wfl
}lgs cfr0f . zf:q gf) dflg;sf] rlq, cfr0f cflbsf] ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q . ~ ;+lxtf gf
fr0f jf Jojxfsf] klis[t g}lts lgod k|ltkflbt uL n]lvPsf] zf:q jf ljBf . > cfrfls lj)
frf;DaGwL cfrfsf] . cfrfL lj) cfrfdf x]sf] cfrfjfg\ ;bfrfL . cfrfo{ gf) [;+)] !
oqL dGq ;'gfpg] u'? . @= cfrfsf] 1ftf tyf j]b cflb k9fpg] u'? cWofks . #= ljlzi6 l
jfg\ . $= sd{sf08sf] 1ftf d'Vo k'f]lxt . %= efiosf 6Lsfsf . ^= ;+:s[t kLIffsf] :gfts
txsf] Ps pRr pkflw . &= a|fXd0fhfltsf] Ps y . > cfrfof{ gf) != cfrfo{sf] sfd ug]{ :
qL cWoflksf pkfWofof . @= k"hgLof tyf ljb'ifL :qL . #= :qL . cfrfof{0fL gf) cfrfo{s
L kTgL u'?kTgL . cflrGTo lj) [;+)] lrGtg ug{ nfos ljrf0fLo ljrf ug{ of]Uo . cfrL gf)
f) af])] u'x' jf kmf]xf] j:t' cfsf . cfr]cfRr] lj) af]) [;+) cfZro{] crDd, lj:do, ys
ysL cflb k|s6 ubf{ lg:sg] cJoo zAb cfDd} (pbf) cfRr] ltdLn] s] s'f u]sf] To:tf] ) .
fR5Gg lj) [;+)] 9flsPsf] 5f]lkPsf] cfR5flbt . cfR5fb gf) [;+)] != nufpg] n'uf jf j:q
. @= 9fSg] j:t' 5f]Kg] j:t' lasf]{ 9sgL emfkg . > cfR5fbs lj) 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] . cfR5
fbg gf) != 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] sfd . @= j:q n'uf . #= 9sgL lasf]{ emfkg . cfR5flbt lj) 9f
lsPsf] 5f]lkPsf] cfR5Gg . cfR5' lj) af]) [;+= cft{] != lr;f] kfgL, zLt cflb nfUbf j
f w]} hf8f] x'Fbf elgg] zAb . cfR5' lqm) lj) != cfkb\ kbf{ o;f] uF ls p;f] uF eP wf
} . gf) @= d'l:sn sl7gfO . #= xfonsfon . cfR5\o' gf) [xfR5\o'F] l5pF xfR5\o'F . cfR5
\o" gf) x]) l5pF . cf5f gf) [;+) cfzf] cfzf cf>o . lk5f lqm) lj) != b[li6uf]rdf . @
]p5fpdf xFb} . gf) #= cf>o cfwf . cfh cJo) [;+) cB] != of] lbg jt{dfg lbg clxn] eOx]
lbg cB . @= jt{dfg ;do xfn . snsfn lqm) lj) cr]nel lxhf]cfh jt{dfg ;dodf . cfhGd
;+)] != hlGdPb]lv cfh;Dd . @= hLjgel

cf3' lqm) lj) [cf3f}] F csf]{ ;fn cfpFbf] jif{ cf3f}F . cf3f]if gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] :j
] af]nfpg] sfd cfXjfg . @= xkfg]{ jf emkfg]{ sfd . cf3f} lqm) lj) [;+) cu|] cfpg] ;
fn cfpFbf] jif{ cfufdL jif{ cf3'F . cf3|f0f gf) [;+)] != ;' F g] jf af:gf lng] sfd .
@= c3fpg] jf t[Kt x'g] u/L ;'Fg] lqmof . cf3|ft lj) [;+)] != ;'Fl3Psf] af:gf lnOPsf
] . @= ;Gt'i6 t[Kt . cf
gf) [;+) c
\u] != zL b]x . @= k5fl8 klsf] 9f8 lkl7pF cfFu
) zLsf cjoj ltgLxsf] hf]gL{ . ~ vf]nfO gf) tnf;L lng] sfd ;fydf fVg gx'g] s'f zL
lvPsf] 5 ls egL 5fDg] jf x]g]{ k|lqmof . cf
g gf)x]) cfFug . cf
kmsf{O gf) [cf
kmsf{O
!= sf]N6] km]g{] sfd . @= csf s'f dg gkL k5fl8 kms{g] rfn jf l:ylt . #= afns k}bf
x'b F f kf7]3;d]t ;fy;fy} aflx lg:sg] cj:yf eF8fNg'kmsf{O . cf
nfUg' 6') vfPsf s'fsf]
zLdf leHg' kf]; nfUg' . cf
f gf)x]) cfFuf . cf
\ufls lj) [;+)] != cFuf;DaGwL cFuf
]{ . gf) @= uf]n jf sf]Onfsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm cFuf kf]Ng] jf a]Rg] JolQm . cf
\lus lj)
[;+)] != c
\u;DaGwL zLsf] . @= c
\uxff gSsn ulg] (clego, d'bf | cflb) . gf) #= dfbn
cflb ahfP ;
\uLtdf ;fy lbg] JolQm . cf
\Un lj) [;+)] != c
\u|]h;DaGwL c
\u|]hsf] . @= c
L;DaGwL . ~ efiff gf) c
\u|]hL efiff . cfrdg gf) [;+)] k"hf jf wfld{s sfo{df z'4 x'g
sf nflu dGqk"js { kfgL crfpg] sfd . > cfrdgL gf) cfrdg ug]{ Ps lsl;dsf] rDrf k~rkf
qsf] kfgL lemSg] ;fgf] 8f8'h:tf] j:t' . cfr0f gf) [;+)] != JolQmdf x'g] g}lts b[li
6n] x]lg] fd|f ] gfd|f] ;a} sfds'f rfnrng rlq . @= afgLa]xf] . #= Jojxf . ~ kl~h
sd{rfLxsf] st{Jokfng, cg'zf;g cflb rlq;DaGwL ljj0f n]lvPsf] k'l:tsf . > cfr0fLo lj)
fr0f ug{ of]Uo cg';0fLo . cfrlt lj) [;+)] cfr0f ulPsf] lgodkfng ulPsf] . cfrf gf
s'g} lgod, l;4fGt cflbdf cfpg] kfng ug'{kg]{ cfr0f tyf Jojxfsf] klis[t g}lts k To;
fwfdf ulg] Jojxf, Llt jf k|yf rfnrng

cfhfbcftk afFr'Gh]n cfhLjg ehGd . cfhfb lj) [kmf)] :jtGq d'Qm . > cfhfbL gf) :jtGqtf
Qm . cfhfg' afx' lj) [;+)] 3'8 F f;Dd k'Ug] nfdf xft ePsf] nfdf nfdf xft ePsf] bL3{a
fx' . cflht lj) [c) cflhh] x}fg lbSs ePsf] . cfhLjg lqm) lj) [;+)] lhGbuLe g} afFrG '
h]n hLjgko{Gt cfd0f . ~ ladf gf) cfgf] Hofg tndfly ePkl5 lgwf{lt sd k|fKt x'g] lsl;d
ulPsf] hLjgladf . cfhLljsf gf) [;+)] hLjglgjf{x ug{sf nflu ulg] sfd f]huf k];f . ~
Ljglgjf{xsf nflu k|fKt x'g] wg jf Joj;fodf nufOg] s . cfh' gf) [g]jf)] s]6fs]6Lsf t
]nsf;f, n'sfdfL cflb v]ndf 8'd x'g]n] n3fbf{ aRgsf lglDt 5f]Og] lglZrt :yfg jf j:
t' . cf1Kt lj) [;+)] cf1f lbOPsf] cx|fOPsf] . > cf1lKt gf) != lgodsfg'gsf cfwfdf lbO
g] cflwsfls cf1f jf lg0f{o . @= ;jf]{Rr cbfnt jf GofofwLzsf] lnlvt lg0f{o . #= cf
1f cfb]z . cf1f gf) [;+)] != cfgf cwLgdf x]sf jf cfk"meGbf ;fgf s'g} JolQm, sd{rfL cf
lbnfO{ df}lvs jf lnlvt kdf lbOg] lgb]{z cx|f]6 cfb]z . @= s'g} sfds'f] ugf{sf nflu k
fOg] cg'dlt . sfL lj) eg]sf] dfGg] cf1fkfng ug]{ cf1fkfns . rqm gf) of]uzf:qsf cg'
f x]sf if6\rqmdWo] e'd | Wodf x'g] lbnLo Ps rqm . > cf1fks lj) cf1f lbg] cx|fpg] . ~
kq gf) s;}nfO{ s]xL sfd ug{sf lglDt cx|fOPsf] kq s'g} cf1f n]v] lbOPsf] kq cfb]zkq
. cf1fkg gf) != ;"rgf jf hgfp lbg] sfd . @= cx|fpg] jf cf1f lbg] sfd . kfns lj) eg
]sf] dfGg] cf1fkfng ug]{ cf1fsfL . ~ kfng gf) eg]sf] jf cx|fPsf] dfGg] sfd cfb]zkfng
. cf1flkt lj) != ;"lrt ulPsf] hgfp lbOPsf] . @= cf1f jf cg'dlt lbOPsf] cx|fOPsf] . ~
e\u gf) dfGo hgsf] cf1f gdfGg] jf g6]g{] sfd cf1flj?4 cfr0f . n] lqm) lj) cf1fg' ;
f cx|fPadf]lhd (lr7Lkq cflbsf] cGtdf) . cfHo gf) [;+)] != l3p . @= o1df cfx'lt lbOg
] jf xf]d ulg] l3p cflb kbfy{ . cf~hlns lj) [;+)] cFh'nLsf] cFh'nL;DaGwL . cf6 gf) [
;+) c] k|foM 3leq s'g} ;fdfg fVg jf kbf{sf lglDt p7fOPsf] s]xL cUnf] uff] xf]rf] l8n
jf k]6L cfF6L . cf6f gf) [cfF6f] uf]vgfynfO{ ef]u nufpg agfOg] vf; lsl;dsf] 7"nf] f]
6L f]6f] . cfl6nf]kfl6nf] gf) [cfFl6nf] (l))] cfFvf lrDng] JolQmnfO{
98

yfKnfdf lxsf{O{ efUb} uL v]lng], s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . cf7 gf) [k|f) c < ;+) ci6d] !
= ;ftkl5sf] ;\Vof gf}eGbf klxn] cfpg] c\s . lj) @= 5 b'Os { f of]u;\Vofsf] uGtLsf qm
df ;ftkl5 cfpg] . ~ kxlof gf) fhf dxffhfsf ;fydf cf7} k|x jf lbgft ;Fu} xg] c\uIf
fcf7f lj) cf7 bf]a (b'gf]6 k9\bfsf] zAb) cf7 u'gf . cf7} kx gf) ftf]lbg rf}aL;} 30
8 gf) [;+) cc] != c8]; nfUg] s'f] jf j:t' cl8g] 7fpF cf8f c8];f c8];f] . @= cfwf
]Sg] j:t' 5]sf] 5]sfaf . > c8];f] gf) ;3fpk3fp ey]u . ~ ef];ef];f gf) != ;xfotf
;f cf>o . #= 9f8; cfZjf;g . cf8Da gf) [;+)] != b]vfj6L 7fF6afF6 af]qm] wfs aflxL 9fF
cf] != ;'uf cflb
jf . @= ;]vL 3dG8 . cf8 gf) [c\) c8{] cf1f cfb]z . cf8f gf) [cf8
O{ v'fdf afFw] flvg] v'nf lkFhf . @= lkFhfleq rf a:g] 6fF8 . #= hf]uLxn] lrGtg ubf{
c8fpg] tf]Sdfsf cfsfsf] sf7sf] ;fwg . $= cf8 cfwf . %= 6]jf 6]sf] . cfl8nf] lj) [cf8
Onf]] != cf8 lbg] bla{nf] tfultnf] . @= yfDg ;Sg] b[9 c8\g ;Sg] cl8nf] . #= cLjfn . c
9 lj) [;+)] wgL wgjfg\ ;DklQzfnL . cf0fljs lj) [;+)] c0f'sf kdf x'g] jf c0f'l;t ;DalG
t c0f'af6 tof x'g] (xltof cflb) . cft\s gf) [;+)] != s'g} dxfdfLsf] k|sf]k, s7f] cTo
cflbaf6 pTkGg x'g] eo . @= kL8f, f]u cflbaf6 x'g] zfLls si6 a]r}gL . #= cfz\sf ;Gb]x
sfL lj) cft\s dRrfpg] qf;sf] jftfj0f l;h{gf ug]{ . k"0f{ lj) cft\sn] elPsf] 8
. ~ o'4 gf) k|rf cflbff cft\s jf qf; lkmFhfP j}Lsf] g}lts ;fx; etfe'\u kfg]{ p;sf
dtf 36fpg] l:ylt . jfb gf) dflg;nfO{ 8 b]vfP/, wDsfP jf qf; pTkGg ufP lx+;fTds ljb||
]xsf kdf k|e'Tj:yfkg jf sfo{l;l4 ug]{ ljrf jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) cft\sjfbdf nfu]sf] c
t\sjfbsf] cg'ofoL . > cft\lst lj) eo Pjd\ qf;n] ljsn ePsf] cft\sff k|efljt . cfttfoL
[;+)] csf{sf] ;DklQ n'6g \ ,] 3df cfuf] nufpg] :qLxdfly anfTsf ug]{ cflb pTkft dRr
fpg] ;fx|} 7"nf] pkb|jL jf b'i6 b'isdL{ b'frfL . cftk gf) [;+)] != ;"o{sf] k|sfz w"k
. @= tftf] fk udL{ . lj) #= b'Mv lbg] si6 lbg] . q gf) 3fdaf6 hf]lug k|of]u ulg] k
jf ];daf6 agfOPsf] cf]9f] 5ftf 5q . ~ :gfg gf) :jf:Yo 7Ls fVg k| f s[ l ts

99

cft;cfTd cfgf ;DaGwdf cfkm}Fn] n]v]sf] jf elgPsf] syf cfkm}Fn] agfPsf] cfg} j[QfGt cf
} hLjgrlq cfTdrlq . ut lj) != cfk"mdf ePsf] jf cfTdf;Fu ;DalGwt . @= dgsf] lbnsf] :
. ljk) kut . uf}j gf) cfgf] a9fOF cfTdk|lti7f cfTd;Ddfg . 3ft gf) cfk"mn] cfkm}
dfg]{ sfd cfTdxTof . 3fts3ftL lj) cfk"mn] cfkm}n F fO{ dfg]{ cfTdxTof ug]{ . rlt
cfkm}n F ] n]v]sf] jf eg]sf] cfgf] hLjgL hLjgsyf cfTdsyf . h lj) != cfk"maf6 k}bf e
Psf] jf hGd]sf] . gf) @= 5f]f] . #= sfdb]j . 1fg gf) cfTdf kdfTdf;DaGwL 1fg a|Xd1fg
1fg . Tofu gf) != csf{sf enfOsf lglDt cfgf] :jfy{ TofUg] sfd . @= kf]ksfsf lglDt cfg
] k|f0f Tofu ug]{ sfd . TofuL lj) cfTdTofu ug]{ cfgf] dtna ;fWgkl gnfUg] :jfy{ TofUg
. lge{ lj) cfg} v'fdf 6]Sg] afFRgsf nflu csf] e/ kg'{ gkg]{ :jfjnDaL . lge{tf
} lge{ x'g] jf cfg} ef];fdf xg] sfd cfg} e jf v'fsf] bxf] 6]sfO . lgj]bg gf) !=
cfgf] ;j{:j Oi6b]jtfnfO{ r9fpg] sfd cfTd;dk{0f . @= cfTdfb]lvs} cg'f]w cfTd k'sf .
7 lj) cfTdfdf lgi7f fVg] cfTdljBfsf] vf]hLdf nfu]sf] . lgi7tf gf) cfTdlgi7 x'gfsf] e
fj jf cj:yf JolQmsf] j}olQms b[li6sf]0f jf cfu|xnfO{ ljz]if dxj lbg] u'0f . > cfTd
g]kb gf) != ;+:s[t Jofs0fsf s]xL wft'df nfUg] b'O{ k|sfsf cfVoftk|ToodWo] Ps . @= ;f
] k|Too nfUbf aGg] lqmofsf] k . ks lj) != cfTdf;Fu ;DalGwt cfTdfsf] s'f] ePsf] . @=
]vsLo JolQmTjn] elPsf] j:t'ks gePsf] cfTdlgi7 . kL8g gf) cfkm}Fn] cfk"mnfO{ b'Mv lbP
f c s;}ff kLl8t ufP ;Gt'li6 lng] k|j[lQ jf ?lr . k|z; + f gf) cfg} d'vn] ulg] cf
f cfTdZnf3f . an gf) != cfTdfdf lglxt an dfgl;s zlQm . @= xfF;LxfF;L b'Mv ;'v ;xg] l
hL Ifdtf . af]w gf) cfkm}Fcfkm cfTdfsf ;DaGwdf x'g] af]w jf 1fg cfTd1fg tj1fg . e"
) != cfkm}F pTkGg ePsf] :jod\ k}bf ePsf] . gf) @= cfkm}c F fkm pTkGg ePsf dflgg]
a|Xdf, lji0f' lzj . #= sfdb]j . $= 5f]f] . Iff gf) cfkm}n F ] ulg] cfgf] arfp cf
. lt gf) != cfk"m cfk}md F f t jf nLg xg] efj jf cj:yf cfk"maf6 cfkm}F t[Kt x'g] jf
fk"mnfO{ cfkm}Fn] k|]d ug]{ dfgl;s l:ylt . @= cGt st}lt Wofg hfg glbg] cfTd1fg .
j~rs lj) cfk"mn] cfkm}n F fO{ 7Ug] jf wf]sf lbg] . j~rgf gf) cfk"mn] cfkm}nfO{ 7Ug
] sfd cfk"mn] cfkm}n F fO{ wf]sf lbg] lqmof . jfb gf) cWofTdjfb . jfbL lj) cfTdjfb;
DaGwL cfTdjfbsf] cg'ofoL . ljqmo

lrlsT;fcg';f ;"os { f ls0fn] zL ;]Sg] k|lqmof w"k:gfg ;"o: { gfg . > cftkL lj) != w"
f 3fdl;t ;DaGw fVg] 3fd;DaGwL . @= b'Mvsi6 lbg] . #= dgdg} hNg] O{iof{n' . gf) $= ;"
o{ . cft;! gf) [;+) cltqf;] cTof; cTofx6 sxfnL . cft;@ gf) [kmf) cfltz] cfuf] clUg .
vfg gf) sf]7f Gofgf] kfg{ jf cfuf] tfKgsf lglDt agfOPsf] cfuf] afNg] 7fpF cu]g' .
afhL gf) ;NsfpFbf \uLla\uL lemNsf lg:sg] af?b, ;f]8f, uGws cflb ldnfP agfOPsf] v]nf}g
. cfltg' gf) lqm) x]) cflQg' . cflty]o gf) [;+)] != cltlysf] fd|f] :jfut;Tsf ug]{ J
olSt . @= s;}nfO{ cltlysf kdf cfk"msxfF fVg] dflg; . lj) #= cltlyk|lt fd|f] Jojxf ug
]{ cltly;DaGwL . cfltYo gf) [;+)] != cltly x'gfsf] cj:yf jf efj . @= cltlysf] ;Tsf k
fx'gfsf] dfgefp . lj) #= cltlysf] cg'sn " dfGg'kg]{ kfx'gf;'xfpFbf] . cftL lj) [c
fp tL] cfpFbf nfUg] cfpFbfv]lsf] . hftL lj) cfpFbf hfFbf nfUg] cfpFbf hfFbfv]l
hft] . cft' lj) [;+)] != 3fprf]6 nfu]sf] c:j:y lafdL f]uL . @= s'g} sfo{ jf kmnsf]
fk"j{s k|tLIff ug]{ cwL x8a8fPsf] . #= ljsn a]r}g . $= b'MvL . lqm) lj) %= rfF8f] l56
f] . sfn gf) dg]{ a]nf cGTosfn . tf gf) cft' x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf Jofs'ntf . ~ ;GG
gf) dg]{ a]nfdf lnOg] ;GGof; cflvL ;dodf u|x0f ulg] rt'yf{>d . > cft'L gf) != x8a8 xt
t . @= ca] laofFnf] ljnDa . #= cfR5'cfR5' . cft'; gf) [k|f) cQf; < ;+) cltqf;] x]) c
ft; cTof; . cft] lj) [cfp t]] cfpFbf nfUg] cfpFbfv]lsf] . hft] lj) cfpFbf hfFbf
cfpFbf hfFbf;Fu ;DalGwt (vr{, ef8f cflb) . kft] gf) ljlw gk'u]sf] x8a8sf] k"hf dg
gnufO{gnufO{ sann] ulPsf] k"hf . cflQg' c) lqm) [cft;
O g'] != cft;df kg'{ cTof;d
cfltg' ctfl;g' cfltg' . @= sxflng' 8fpg' . #= t;{g' bRsg' . cfQ'L gf) [cft'L < ;+)
O{] x]) cft'L . cfTyf lj) af]) [;+) cft{] k|foM cfufn] kf]Nbf sfF8f cflbn] 3f]Rbf
cflQP af]lng] kL8f;"rs zAb . > cfTy' lj) af]) cfTyf . cfTd lj) [;+) cfTdg] cfgf] cfT
df jf dgl;t ;DalGwt cfgf] . > cfTds lj) != cfTdfl;t ;DaGw fVg] cfTdf;DaGwL . @= (of}l
us zAbsf cGtdf) elPsf] o'Qm do (lx+;fTds, b'MvfTds, Jo\UofTds O)) . syf gf)

cfTdfcfbd gf) cfk"mn] cfkm}n F fO{ a]Rg] lqmof cfgf] :jtGqtfnfO{ a]Rg] sfd . ljqmoL
lj) cfk"mnfO{ cfkm}Fn] a]Rg] . ljrf gf) cfTdtj;DaGwL dgg jf lrGtg cfWoflTds ljj]rgf
jf ljZn]if0f . ljBf gf) cfTdf;DaGwL 1fg ufpg] zf:q jf pkb]z cWofTdljBf a|XdljBf j]bf
tzf:q . ljZjf; gf) cfgf sfo{, of]Uotf, ;fdYo{, l;4fGt cflbsf] ;Totf pko'Qmtfsf ;Da
Gwdf cfk"mnfO{ x'g] b[9 lgZro cfg} ljZjf; jf ef];fdf xg] sfd . ljZjf;L lj) cfgf] ;f
O jf sfdufOk|lt cfkm}F ljZjf; ug]{ cfTdljZjf; ePsf] . lj:d[lt gf) cfk"mn] cfkm}FnfO
{ Psbd} la;{g] jf e'Ng] sfd . j[QfGt gf) cfTdsyf . z'l4 gf) != cfTdfsf] z'l4 cfTdfn
fO{ kljq fVg] sfd cfTd;+:sf . @= dgsf] kljqtf lrQz'l4 . #= cfk"mnfO{ ;w}F ;kmf;'U3 jf
z'4 fVg] sfd b]xz'l4 . Znf3f gf) cfkm}n F ] ulg] cfgf] k|z+;f cfTdk|z+;f . Znf3L
f] k|z; + f cfkm}F ug]{ cfTdk|z+;s . ;+od gf) cfgf vfa OR5f tyf jf;gf cflbnfO{ bafP
Llt;\ut cfr0f ug]{ sfd dg tyf OlGb|onfO{ jzdf fVg] sfd . ;+odL lj) cfgf] dg tyf OlG
nfO{ jzdf fVg] cfTd;+od ug]{ . ;Gtf]if gf) cfk"mb]lv cfkm}F ;Gt'i6 x'g] sfd :jod\ x'
g] ;Gtf]if . ;dk{0f gf) @= k"} csf{sf] cwLg jf jzdf xg] sfd . @= o'4sf cj;df ljh]tfk
Ifsf] cwLgtf l:jsfg]{ sfd . #= cfk"mnfO{ cfgf ;ff zlQm;lxt s'g} sfddf nufpg] sfd .
;ft\ lj) != k"} cfgf] cGtu{t NofOPsf] . @= cfk"mdf uflePsf] cfk"mdf ldnfOPsf] . l;
lj) cfkm}c F fkm x'g] ljgfk|of; x'g] :jo+l;4 . l;l4 lj) != cfTdf jf kdfTdfsf] ;Dos\
1fg . @= df]If d'lQm . :t'lt gf) cfTdk|z; + f cfTdZnf3f . xTof gf) cfk"mn] cfkm}Fnf
{ dfg]{ sfd hfgLhfgL cfkm}Fn] cfgf] xTof ug]{ sfd cfTd3ft . cfTdf gf) [;+)] != zLdf
To;nfO{ hLljt fVg] lqmofzLn agfpg] tyf gx]df lgliqmo jf d'bf{ agfpg] cljgfzL, ctL
lGb|o cef}lts zlQm . @= dg jf cGtMs0fsf Jofkfsf] 1fg ufpg] ;Qf hLjfTdf . #= ;t\lrt\
Gb;DaGwL kbfy{ r}tGo tj . $= dg lrQ x[bo . %= s'g} j:t'sf] u"9 jf ;f tj . (zAbsf] cfT
f, sfJosf] cfTdf O)) . > cfTdfgGb gf) cfTdfsf] 1fg jf cfTdfdf nLg eP k|fKt x'g] cf
gGb . cfTdfg'ej gf) != :jod\ k|fKt cg'ej . @= cfTdfsf] cl:tTjsf] cg'ej . cfTdfg'e
l " t gf) != cfTdfsf] :jk cflbsf ;DaGwdf x'g] cg'ej jf 1fg cfTd1fg cfTdaf]w . @= cfk
m}c F fkm x'g] cg' e " l t . cfTdfledfg gf) cfgf] ;Ddfg k|lti7fsf] ljrf cfgf] dfgck
sf] 1fg :jfledfg
100

cfTduf} j . cfTdfledfgL lj) cfgf] OHht k|lti7f fVg] :jfledfgL . cfTdfled'v lj) cfT
km{ pGd'v cGtd'{v . cfTdffd gf) cfg} cfTdfdf nLg x'g] jf cfTd1fgn] t[Kt of]uL cfTd1fg
L cfTd1fgff cfgGbdUg ePsf] JolQm . cfTdfnf]rgf gf) != cfkm}Fn] cfk"mdf ePsf u'0fbf]i
fxsf] af]df ulg] cfnf]rgf jf d"Nof\sg . @= ;fDojfbL bnsf sfo{stf{xnfO{ cg'zfl;t t'Nof
pgsf lglDt cfgf] e"n cfkm}Fn] k|sfzdf Nofpg k|To]s a}7sdf ulg] u'0fbf]ifsf] ljj]rg
f . cfTdfjnDaL gf) c s;}sf] cf>odf gx] cfg} ef];fdf sfd ug]{ JolQm . cflTds lj) [;+)
= cfTdf;DaGwL cfTdfsf] . @= cfgf] cfk"m;Fu ;DalGwt lghL . #= dg;DaGwL dfgl;s . $= Hof
b} glhssf] . tf gf) != cflTds x'g] cj:yf jf efj . cfTdLo lj) [;+)] != cfTdf;DaGwL c
fTdf;Fu ldNg] . @= lghL cfgf] . #= cfgf] kIfsf] . gf) $= cfgf] dflg; . %= gft]bf Oi6l
q s'6'Da . ^= dg ldn]sf] JolQm tf gf) != cfTdLo x'gfsf] cj:yf jf efj cfTdLokg cfgf]k
. @= xflb{stf d}qLefj . cfTdf]T;u{ gf) [;+)] csf{sf] enfOsf lglDt cfgf ;'v b'Mvxsf]
Vofn gug]{ sfd kf]ksfsf lglDt cfgf] hLjg ;'Dkg] lqmof cfTdTofu cfTdalnbfg . cfTdf]4f
[;+)] != cfgf] cfTdfnfO{ ;f+;fls aGwgaf6 d'Qm ug]{ lqmof . @= a|Xddf ldNg] lqmof d
f]If . cfTdf]Gglt gf) [;+)] != cfTdfsf] pGglt . @= cfkm}Fcfkm ulg] cfgf] tSsL . #= d
gf]annfO{ a9fpg] sfd . labf gf) ljZjljBfnoh:tf z}lIfs lgsfosf lzIfsxn] vf; ;]jfcjl
w k"f u]kl5 cfTdf]Ggltsf nflu ulg] cWoogcg';Gwfgsfo{sf lglDt kfpg ;Sg] lgodfg';fsf] P
a;]{ jf tf]lsPsf] cjlwsf] labf . cfTdf]khLjL lj) [;+)] cfg} kl>daf6 hLljsf rnfpg] :j
fjnDaL . cfqfdfqf gf) [(l)) dfqf] h]hlt ePsf] lvr|Lldr|L ;fgf]ltgf] rLhaLh vq\ofsv'q'
s h]t]d]t] . cfq]o lj) [;+)] != clquf]q ePsf] clquf]qdf hlGdPsf] . gf) @= clqsf 5f]f
Qfq]o . uf]q gf) b'jf8L, b'nfn, kf}8n ] , kfgLkf]v]n cflbsf] j+zklrofTds gfd . > cfq
]oL gf) != clquf]qdf hlGdPsL :qL . @= j]bfGtljBfdf lgk'0f Ps k|l;4 ljb'ifL . #= Ct
'dtL jf h:jnf :qL . cfbt gf) [c)] != cEof; . @= :jefj k|s[lt . #= afgL a]xf]f cfr0f
j;fo . cfbd gf) [c)] != O;fO{, d';ndfg ox'bLxsf cg';f dfgjhflt pTkGg ug]{ cflbk'?if
xGb"xsf dg'sf] ;dsIf

101

cfbdffcfb]z cflbTo gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ lj . @= sZoksf clbltklsf ;Gtfg b]jtf . jf g

jf . cflbgfy gf) [;+)] != lzj dxfb]j . @= sf7df8f}Fb]lv blIf0flt rf]ef gfds :yfgdf x]
f] a'4d"lt{ cflba'4 . (logL dT:o]Gb|gfysf u'? dflgG5g\) . cflbg"tgfZd o'u gf) [;+)
] rf sf]8 krf; nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] o'u . cflbk'?if gf) [;+)] != ;[li6sf klxnf
k'?if dg' . @= s'n, uf]q jf j+zsf] klxnf] JolQm s'nk'?if . #= k'vf{ . $= lji0f' .
%= kd]Zj . cflbe"t lj) [;+)] ;'?df k}bf ePsf] k|fDedf pTkGg ePsf] . cflbe"ld gf) [;+)
!= s'g} hflt, JolQm jf j:t' hGd]sf] d'Vo 7fpF pb\ej e"ld . @= ;'?sf] 7fpF . cflb
d lj) [;+)] != klxnf] k|yd cflbsfnLg k|fSsfnLg . @= k|frLg k'fgf] . ~ hflt gf) s'g}
df ;a}eGbf klxn] a;f]af; ug]{ dfgjhflt . cflbdtf gf) [;+)] cflbd x'gfsf] efj, cj:y
f jf l:ylt . ks lj) k'fsyf, bGTosyf ;flxTonfO{ lgs6td 7fGg] ;flxTosf] cWoogdf cflb
;+:s[ltdf cGtlg{lxt cfB:jksf] dxj b]vfpg] (;dfnf]rgf cflb) . cflbjf;L gf) [;+)] s'
g} e"efu, b]z jf :yfgdf klxn]bl] v g} a;f]af; ulcfPsf] hflt cflbd lgjf;L cflbd hflt
. cflbzlQm gf) [;+)] != dxfdfof b'uf{bj ] L . @= zlQml;4fGtsf cg';f ;[li6sf] cflbtj
dflgPsL b]jL . cflbi6 lj) [;+)] cfb]z lbOPsf] cf1f k|fKt u]sf] cx|fOPsf] . cflb:jnf]
k gf) [;+)] zAbsf clulNtsf] :j nf]k x'g] lqmof (h:t} cEoGt > leq, c3}of > 3}of (wfg)
O)) . cflb:jfud gf) [;+)] s'g} zAbsf cufl8 :j ylkg] lqmof (:s'n > O:s'n, :gfg > O:g
fg O)) . cfbL lj) [c)] s'g} sfd jf s'f ug]{ cfbt a;]sf] afgL k]sf] cEo:t . cfb]gf gf)
hf}sf] h:tf] af]6 x'g] Ps k|sfsf] cGg hO{ . cfb]o lj) [;+)] lng x'g] u|x0f ug{ of]Uo
u|fXo . cfb]z gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfdsfafO{sf af]df dGqL jf pRr clwsfLaf6 lbOg] lgsf;fk
'sf;f jf lg0f{o;DaGwL cf1f . @= cf1f cx|f]6 . #= ;Gb]z va . $= pkb]z ctL{ . %= uf]vdt
g'ofoL ;fw'xn] gd:sf ubf{ pRrf0f ug]{ zAb . ^= ;+:s[t Jofs0fsf cg';f Ps j0f{sf :yfgdf
csf]{ j0f{ jf Wjlg cfpg] lqmof cIfkljt{g . ~ pkb]z gf) cfb]z pkb]z cx|f]6 ctL{ .
b]zs lj) cfb]z lbg] cf1f lbg] cx|fpg] . cfb]zfg';f lqm) lj) cfb]zcg';f cf1f ePadf]lh
|fPd'tflas .

;[li6sf cflbdg'io jf JolQm . @= cfbdsf ;Gtfg jf dg'io . cfbdff gf) n]s a];Lsf aLrs
f] a:tL a:g] efu s5f8sf] a:tL . cfbdL gf) [c)] cfbdsf j+zh jf ;Gtfg dg'io dfgj . cfb
f) [;+)] != s'g} JolQmdf ulg] ;Ddfg jf ;Tsfsf] efj . @= dfgefp sb . #= s'g} JolQmk|l
t cg'fu jf :g]xsf b[li6n] ulg] ;Tsf . $= k|lti7f OHht . > cfb0fLo lj) cfb ug{ of]Uo
ggLo . ~ kq gf) OdfgbfL;fy fd|f] sfd ug]{ sd{rfL jf ;dfh;]jLnfO{ s'g} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;sf
flbaf6 lbOg] k|z+;fkq . efp gf) ;Tsf dfgefp OHht k|lti7f . ~ efj gf) cfbefp . cfb
[;+)] != cfb hgfpg k|of]u ulg] cfb a'emfpg] (Jofs0fsf ljleGg kfos k|Too jf ax'jrg, p
f) ltdL hfpm, tkfO{F hfg'xf];,\ xh' kfNg'eof], df};k ' msf] lkmtL{ ;jfL eof] O)) .
@= cfb vf]Hg] cfbsf] clenfiff fVg] . cfbz{ gf) [;+)] != k, u'0f ljrfsf] cg's0f ug
Fbf] JolQm, kbfy{ jf l;4fGt . @= s'g} j:t' jf lqmofsf] k"0f{tf tyf pQdtfsf] vf;
gd'gf jf :t . #= P]gf . $= 6Lsf JofVof . lj) %= ;t\ GofoL :jefj ePsf] (JolQm) . ~
hg;\Vof gf) k, u'0f, zLn, :jefj cflb dfgjd'vL ePsf hgtfxsf] ;\Vof f]u, zf]s ef]sn]
OPsf hgtfxsf] ;d"x . jfb gf) dflg;n] ;w}F cfbz{ jf c;n s'fnfO{ nIo u] To;sf] l;l4 jf
k|flKtsf lglDt sfd u]df ;+;f cjZo g} ;'Gb ;'vb x'g]5 eGg] l;4fGt To:tf] u'0f;DkGg kd
lje"lift ;flxlTos rgf ug]{ k|jl[ Q . jflbtf gf) cfbz{jfbdf x'g] u'0f jf To;sf] :j
?k cfbz{jfbsf] gLltlgod . jfbL lj) cfbz{jfbnfO{ dfGg] cfbz{jfbsf] cg'ofoL . ~ lj1fg
gf) sNkgf cflbaf6 ljj]rgf ulg] lj1fgsf] Ps zfvf . > cfbzL{s0f gf) s'g} j:t' jf sfo{
nfO{ cfbz{sf kdf k|:t't ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . cfbftf lj) [;+)] lng] jf u|x0f ug]
{ k|fKt ug]{ k|fks . cfbfg gf) [;+)] lng] jf k|fKt ug]{ sfd :jLsf . ~ k|bfg gf) lng]l
g] sfd n]gb]g . cflb gf) [;+)] != yfngL ;'? k|fDe cfDe . @= o:t} lsl;dn] c jf afFsL
;a} OToflb . lj) #= klxnf] k|yd . $= ;'?sf] k|flDes . %= d'Vo k|wfg . slj gf) k|yd
"0f{ jf k|efjzfnL slj kDkf v8f ug]{ k|fDesf slj (;+:s[tsf jfNdLls, g]kfnLsf efg'eQm,
c\u|]hLsf rf}; O)) . sf0f gf) != ;[li6sf] d"nsf0f jf x]t' . @= O{Zj jf k|s[lt .

cfBcfgg cfB lj) [;+)] != klxn] ePsf] klxn]sf] klxnf] k|flDes . @= d'Vo k|dv ' k|wf
fBGt lqm) lj) [;+)] cflbb]lv cGt;Dd cfDeb]lv ;dflKt;Dd yfngLb]lv 6'U \ ofpgL;Dd . cfB
f gf) [;+)] != cflbzlQm . @= bzdxfljBfxdf klxnf] dxfljBf . #= k|ltkbf ltly . cfBIf g
f) [;+)] != klxnf] cIf . @= s'g} zAb jf gfdsf] ;\If]k hgfpgnfO{ n]lvg] zAb jf gfds
f] klxnf] cIf (h:t} g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg g]) k|) k|), s[kof ptf kN6fpg'xf];\ s[) p) k)
, OToflb O)) . cfBfzlQm gf) [;+)] x]) cflbzlQm . cfBf]kfGt lqm) lj) [;+)] != cflbb
]lv pkfGt;Dd ;'?b]lv cflvL;Dd yfngLb]lv 6'\UofpgL;Dd . lj) @= ;a} ePesf] ;Dk"0f{ . c
lj) [k|f) c4 < ;+) cw{] s'g} j:t'sf] afa b'O{ efudWo] Ps cw{ . cfwL lj) cGbfhL jf 7L
s cfwf emG8}emG8} jf k"fk" cfwf . cfwfg gf) [;+)] != fVg] sfd :yfkgf . @= lng] sfd
x'g] cj:yf . #= lkmtf{ ug]{ sfd . cfwfaf]6L gf) [cfwf af]6L] wfgL{ k|0ffnLsf tf}
ndf wfgL{sf] ;f]xf | F} efu . cfwfdfg] lj) [cfwf dfgf]] cfwf dfg' c6\g] kfFrd'7] (
efF8f]) . cfwf gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' c8\g] jf xg] 7fpF cf>o c8fg 6]sf] . @= ;xff c
. ~ tj gf) zAbsf] ;+rgfdf Pp6f cjojsf kdf xg] cy{sf] k|wfgtf ePsf] lkd k"j{;u{ jf k
ufFl;g] d"nzAb . ~ kb gf) d"n zAbsf k5fl8 nfUg] k|Too jf kb . e"t lj) != cfwf ePsf]
cf>o:jk . @= hu ag]sf] k[i7e"ld tof ePsf] . ~ lzIff gf) ufGwLjfbL b[li6sf]0f cg'ksf]
lzIff ;dfhsf] ;b:osf kdf JolQmnfO{ cfgf ;fdfGo cfjZostfk"lt{sf lglDt cfwfe"t vfnsf ;
Lkx l;sfpg] lzIff . lznf gf) != ufx|f] c8fpg flvPsf] ;aeGbf tnsf] 9'\uf] . @= s'g} k
g sfo{sf] d'Vo cfwf klxnf] k[i7e"ld . > cfwflt lj) cfwfdf x]sf] s'g} s'fnfO{ cfwf
of kflPsf] . cfwfo{ lj) [;+)] s'g} j:t' cflbsf] cfwf ag]sf] s'g} j:t' cflb cfwflt x'g
. cflw gf) [;+)] != dfgl;s kL8f dgsf] e'6f] lrGtf . @= aGws wf]6 . cflwsl0fs gf) [;
!= xflsd jf k|d'v clwsfL . @= GofofwLz . lj) #= clws0f jf Gofofno;Fu ;DalGwt . cf
lwsfls lj) [;+)] != s'g} k|sfsf] clVtof kfPsf] clwsfo'Qm ;flwsf . gf) @= clwsfk|fK
102

clwsfL . > cflwsflsL gf) != s'g} ljz]if clwsf kfPsf To:tf] clwsfsf] k|of]u ug]{ JolQ
xsf] ;d"x clwsfLxsf] ;d'bfo . @= GofofwLzxsf] ;d"x . ~ syfj:t' gf) d'Vo kmn kfpg] gfo
;Fu ;DaGw fVg], cflbb]lv cGt;Dd k'u]sf] d"n syfgs . cflwSo gf) [;+)] != clws x'gfs
f] efj jf cj:yf clwstf . @= ;a}eGbf c;n x'gfsf] efj ;jf]{Ts[i6tf . cflwb}ljs lj) [;
+)] != b}j, k|s[lt cflbaf6 k|fKt x'g] b]jtfxaf6 k|]lt . @= e"tk|]t cflbaf6 x'g] . #
= efUon] x'g] . cflwkTo gf) [;+)] clwklt x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf k|eT ' j :jfldTj . cf
lwef}lts lj) [;+)] != ef}lts kbfy{ tyf af3, efn', ;k{ cflb hLjhGt'sf sf0fn] jf ltgff
pTkGg x'g] (eo, kL8f, f]u O)) . cflwJoflw gf) [;+)] dfgl;s zfLls kL8f Joy{sf] e'6f]
si6 dg zLdf x'g] si6 . cfw'lgs lj) [;+)] ev{ev{} lg:s]sf], rn]sf] jf cl:tTjdf cfPs
;fnsf] cfhsfnsf] jt{dfg ;dosf] gofF . tf gf) cfw'lgs x'gfsf] cj:yf jf efj gjLgtf cj
Lgtf . ~ cfo{efiff gf) ;+:s[t efiffaf6 k|fs[t k|fs[taf6 cke|+z x'Fb} kfGt0f ePsf cf
o{efiffsf ljljw k . ~ dfgj gf) O;fk"j{ b; xhf jif{klxn]sf] dfgj cfw'lgs o'usf] dfG5]
. ~ dfgj o'u gf) O;fk"j{ b; xhf jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] dfgjo'u . ~ o'u gf) O;feGbf b
; xhf jif{klxn] ;'? ePsf] cfh;Dd rNb} cfPsf] o'u . > cfw'lgsLs0f gf) k'fgf] kDkf,
h Pjd\ ;EotfnfO{ gofF jf cfw'lgs agfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . cfw]o gf) [;+)] != s'g}
cfwfdfly flvPsf] j:t' cfl>t j:t' . @= Jofs0fcg';f ;KtdL ljelQmsf] lrXg . lj) #= :yflk
t ulPsf] flvPsf] . ~ tj gf) zAbsf] ;+rgfdf Pp6f cjojsf kdf xg] cy{sf] k|wfgtf gePsf
"n zAbdf ufFl;g] k"j{;u{, k;u{ cflb . cfWoflTds lj) [;+)] != cWofTdl;t ;DaGw fVg] cW
ofTd;DaGwL cfTdf;DaGwL . @= a|Xd jf hLj;DaGwL . | ])
sf tfg] stfsf] cfgsf tfg lj)
[lx) cfg (bf];f stf Hofb} w]} cToGt 7"nf] (kms) . cfgt lj) [;+)] != lgx's ] f] e'ms
'xs ] f] . @= gd| ljgoL ljgLt . > cfglt gf) != e'msfO lgx'fO . @= gd:sf ug]{ sfd k|0
. #= ;Tsf ;Ddfg . cfgg gf) [;+)] != d'v d'xf r]xf . (k|foM ;d:t zAbsf kl5lNt, h:t}
, k~rfgg, if8fgg, uhfgg cflb) . @= cWofo klR5]b .

103

cfgGbcfGb|f]cfg|f] cfg'kflts lj) [;+)] cg'kft;DaGwL cg'kftsf b[li6af6 7Ls 7xlPsf] bfd
;fxL ldnfOPsf] cg'kft ldn]sf] . ~ k|ltlglw gf) ;a} bn jf ;\u7gnfO{ ltgLxn] kfPsf ;a}
dtsf] cg'kftaf6 k|ltlglwTj lbg] Joj:yfcg';f r'lgPsf] JolQm . cfg'k"lj{scfg'k"jL{ l
j) [;+)] Pskl5 csf]{ qmd ldn]sf] l;nl;nf ldn]sf] qmdfg';fsf] . cfg'alGws lj) [;+)] c
g'aGwl;t ;DalGwt cg'aGw ePsf] . ~ l;sfO gf) Ps cg'lqmofn] csf]{ cg'lqmofsf nflu pQ
]hssf] sfd ug]{ lsl;dsf] l;sfO . cfg'dflgs lj) [;+)] cg'dfgdf cfwflt cg'dfg ulPsf] cg
'dfg;Fu ;DalGwt c8sn jf cGbfh ulPsf] nv sfl6Psf] . cfg'dfg' gf) [cfg' dfg'] != h:tfs
f] t:tf] x'g] sfd ;fljsadf]lhd x'g] k|lqmof . @= ;fdfGo Jojxfdf n]gb]g ulg] yf]} gub
jf lhG;L j:t' . cfg'jl + zs lj) [;+)] j+zkDkfaf6 kfOPsf] jf cfPsf] k'Vof}{nL j+zfg'u
t . tf gf) cfg'jl+ zs x'gfsf] efj, cj:yf jf kDkfk'Vof}{nLkg j+zfg'ut l:ylt . cfg'j[l
s lj) [;+)] cg'j[lQ;DaGwL cg'j[lQ kfPsf] (k]G;lgo) . cfg' > fljs lj) [ ;+ ) ] kDkfb]
v ;' g ] cfPsf] cg'>'ltcg';fsf] s0f{kDkfaf6 ;'lgPsf] . cfg'if\lus lj) [;+)] != H
3lgi7 jf lgs6sf] ;DaGw fVg] . @= d'Vosf ;fy;fy} nfu] cfpg] uf}0f k|f;\lus . cfg] lj)
cfgf P] != rf k};fsf] rf k};f kg]{ . gf) @= rf k};fsf] aLrdf Kjfn ePsf] d'b|f cfg] 9
. cfg]sfg] gf) x]) cfgfsfgL . cfg] Aofh gf) [cfg]
Aofh] Ps ?lkofFsf] Ps dlxgfdf P
s cfgfsf bn] nfUg] jf lng] rngcg';fsf] Aofh . cfGtls lj) [;+)] != leqsf] leqL . @= dg
sf] dfgl;s . ~ d" N ofsg gf) ;qcGtu{ t sIffdf lnOg] tyf ljBfyL{xsf] cg'zf;g, k9fOsf]
lvKtL, af]wIfdtf, cleJolQms'zntf cflbsf] d"Nof\sg ulg] kLIff . cfGbf]ns lj) [;+)] !=
cfGbf]ng ug]{ xnrn drfpg] . @= xNnfpg] e'mNg] . cfGbf]ng gf) [;+)] != hgdfg;nfO{ p
Q]lht ug{ jf s'g} cfj]uk"0f{ czfGt kll:ylt l;h{gfsf lglDt ulg] sfo{ xnrn pynk'yn xf]
Nnf . @= otfplt xNng] jf e'mNg] sfd . sfL lj) cfGbf]ng ug]{ jf xnrn drfpg] . cfGbf
]lnt lj) [;+)] != cfGb]fng ePsf] jf ulPsf] . @= xNnfOPsf] e'mnfOPsf] . cfGb|f ] cfg|
f ] gf) [;+) cGq] k]6leqsf] dn lgsfNg], u'bf;Dd

cfgGb gf) [;+)] != s'g} ceLi6 j:t'sf] k|flKt tyf ;'vb l:yltdf jf s'g} d\unsfo{ ;Dk
Gg x'b F f dgdf x'g] lk|o cg'e"lt xif{ k|;Ggtf v';L . @= s'g} cfklQ jf b'Mvsi6, la:d
ft cflb gePsf] dfgl;s cj:yf . #= ;Grf] ;lhnf]kgf . do lj) != cfgGbn] elPsf] ;'vk"0f{
xif{o'Qm . gf) @= ka|Xd kdfgGb . do sf]z gf) j]bfGtzf:qsf cg';f cfTdfsf kfFr sf]z jf
cfj0fdWo] Ps cGgdo, k|f0fdo, dgf]do lj1fgdo sf]zkl5 klul0ft clGtd sf]z . bfoL lj) c
gGb lbg] ;'v lbg] xif{k|b . dQf;Ddf]lxtf gf) ;Def]usf] cfgGbdf cToGt lgdUg d'Uw ePs
k|f9 } f gflosf . > cfgGbflt]s gf) cfgGbsf] kfsfi7f clt cfgGb xiff{lt]s . cfgGbf>'
Hofb} v';L jf cfgGbsf a]nfdf cfpg] cfF;' xiff{>' . cfglGbt lj) cfgGbdf lgdUg ePsf
] xlif{t k|;Gg k|km ' Nn . cfgGbL lj) != clt ;'v rfxg] ;f]vL dgdf]hL cnd:t . @= ;w}F
;Gg jf v';L xg] . cfgDo lj) [;+)] != lgx'g] nlrnf] . @= km]g{ ;lsg] . ~ ;+ljwfg gf) b
]z, sfn, kll:yltcg';f kljt{g ug{ ;lsg] ;+ljwfg . cfgf gf) [;+) cf0fs] != rf k};fsf] ;
d'bfo ?lkofFsf] kRrL;f}F efu . @= ;f]x| efusf] Ps efu (hldg, ;DklQ cflb) . cfgfsf
gL gf) [;+) cgfs0f{g] cfn6fn cfg]sfg] n:of n'; ' . cfgfdfgL lj) otf g ptfsf] cnkq k
rsf] (pbf) h]7f] 5f]f], sfG5f] gfgL, dflxnf] 5f]f] cfgfdfgL . pvfg) . cfgfdf;] gf) [
cfgf df;]] dlxgf lbgeldf Ps ?lkofFsf] Ps cfgf Aofh kfSg] b . cfgf;'sf gf) [cfgf ;'s
f] != df]xf]eGbf 36Lsf rfgr'g k};f v'h'f k};f . @= cfgf ;'sf cfgfb]lv ;'sf;Ddsf k};f
. > cfgf;'sL gf) cfgf;'sf . cfgLt lj) [;+)] aflxaf6 NofOPsf] vf]h] tof kflPsf] pkl
OPsf] . cfgLafgL gf) [cfgL afgL] rfnrng zLn:jefj afgLa]xf]f rlq . cfg' gf) [;+) cG
gf] cGwf] . cfg's"lns lj) [;+)] h:tf] x'gk ' g]{ xf] To:tf] ePsf] jf agfOPsf] cg'sn
" kflPsf] pko'Qm jf ;fdlos t'NofOPsf] . cfg's"No gf) [;+)] != cg'sn " x'gfsf] efj
jf cj:yf cg's"ntf pko'Qmtf . @= cg'u|x s[kf bof . cfg'qmlds lj) [;+)] z[\vnfa4 kdf
qmd ldn]sf] qmdfg';fsf] .

cfGjLlIfsLcfkm;] cfkm k'u]sf] gnL cfFt . cfGjLlIfsL gf) [;+)] ts{zf:q . cfk0f gf) [;
+)] != k;n bf]sfg . @= xf6 xl6of ahf d]nf . ~ s gf) s'g} JolQmn] d]nf cflbdf k;n fv
nfUg] b:t' . > cfkl0fs lj) k;n] bf]sfgbf a]kfL . cfkt\ gf) [;+)] != ;\s6 km;fb d
= ;sl;nf] l:ylt cK7]f] jftfj0f . sfn gf) cfkt\ k]sf] a]nf b'vMsf] ;do b'lb{g . s
cfkt\sfndf x'g] ;\s6sfnLg . sfnLg cfkt\ k]sf a]nfsf] cfkt\sfnsf] ;\s6sfnsf] . cfk
[;+)] != cfkt\ ljklQ ;\s6 . @= larNnL . #= afwf . hgs lj) cfklQ kfg]{ vfnsf] c;lhnf
kg]{ ;\s6 k}bf ug]{ . ~ kq gf) != s'g} sfd jf ljifodf klcfpg] c;'ljwf, ljgafwf cflbs
f] ljj0fkq . @= kL afwf b]vfOPsf] kq . cfkb\ gf) [;+)] cfkt\ cfklQ . u|:t lj) cfkb\
b\df km;]sf] ;\s6df k]sf] ;\s6};\s6n] 3]lPsf] . ~ wd{ gf) cfrfsf b[li6n] ug{ plrt
lg cfklQsf a]nfdf afWo eO{ cFuflnPsf] sfd jf s'f] . cfkGg lj) [;+)] cfkb\df km;]sf
] ;\s6df h]lnPsf] cfkb\u|:t . cfkljt{g gf) [;+)] != Pp6f Wjlg pRrf0f ubf{ csf]{ Wjlgs
] pRrf0f ylkg] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof . @= Jofks kljt{g . #= cfd"n kljt{g . cfk; gf) [
lx)] != cfTdLoxsf] ;d'bfo cfk'm; . @= glhssfxsf] ;d'bfo . #= glhs 5]p kfZj{ . lj) $=
cfkmGt cfTdLo . > cfk:t lj) cfkmGt . cfkft gf) [;+)] != cUnf] 7fpFaf6 v:g] jf emg]{
lqmof k|lqmof . @= cs:dft\ cfOkg]{ jf cfOk]sf] 36gf jf l:ylt . > cfkfttM cJo) != t
'?Gt plTgv]} . @= crfgs cs:dft\ . #= cflvdf cGTodf lgrf]df . $= ;fdfGo b[li6n] ljrf
;;L x]bf{ . ~ b[li6 gf) s'g} j:t' jf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn ;;tL x]g]{ lqmof ;B b[li6 ;fdfGo
li6 . > cfkflts lj) cs:dft\ 36]sf] crfgs b]vf kg]{ ckem{6 cfOk]sf] . cfkL gf) [ef]) a
)] klZrdL g]kfndf /x]sf] Ps lxdfnr'nLsf] gfpF . cfk"0f gf) [;+)] eg]{ sfd k"f ug]{ l
qmof jf k|lqmof . cfk"lt lj) [;+)] fd|L elPsf] elefp ePsf] k"fk" ePsf] . cfk"lt{
= b}lgs tyf ;fdlos pkef]Uo ljifoj:t' k"f ug]{ sfd . @= cfjZos pkef]Uo j:t' vfFrf]
ePdf ;fdfGo hgtfnfO{ pknAw ufpg] sfd .
104

cfk]lIfs lj) [;+)] != s;}sf] ck]Iff fVg] ;fk]Ifs . @= csf] cf>odf xg] cfl>t . cfKt l
[;+)] != kfPsf] k|fKt . @= ljZjf;k|fKt ljZjf;of]Uo . gf) #= ljZjf; ePsf] JolQm cfTd
Lo hg . $= of]uzf:qcg';f dflgg] zAbk|df0f . sfd lj) != OR5f k"f ePsf] dgn] ;f]r]sf]
'f] k'u]sf] . @= ;f+;fls ljifojf;gf Tofu u]sf] . sfL lj) != n's] sfd ug]{ . gf) @=
]{ ;]js . ~ hgju{ gf) cfgf cfkmGtxsf] ju{ jf ;d"x ldqd08nL . ~ jfSo gf) cfkmGtxsf]
zi6 jf dfGo hgxsf] jfSo . > cflKt gf) != kfpg] sfd nfe k|flKt pknlAw . @= lglb{i6 :yf
gdf k'Ug] l:ylt ldng . #= k"0f{tf . cfKk} lj) af]) kL8f, xif{, pGdfb cflbdf crfgs
d'vaf6 lgsflng] zAb . -pbf) cfKk} s:tf] lr;f] kfgL x]5 _ . cfk|jf; gf) [;+)] Ps b]zs
f] dflg; csf]{ b]zdf uP a:g] sfd a;fOF;fO . > cfk|jf;L lj) cs}{ b]zaf6 cfP a:g] jf a;
]sf] (JolQm) . cfk|fg ] gf) [c\)] hLpdf kmf]xd}nf] gnfuf];\ egL efG;fdf eft ksfpFb
f efG;]n] cyjf Hof;n, sfvfgfxdf sfd ubf{ k|fljlwsxn] nufpg] hfdfsf cfsfsf] cfj0f . cf
Knfjg gf) [;+)] != gbL, tnfp cflbdf g'xfpg] sfd kfgLdf rf]klnP zL lehfpg] k|lqmof . @
= uf]tf dfg]{ sfd 8'a'NsL . cfKnfljt lj) [;+)] cfKnfjg ePsf] jf ulPsf] 8'a'NsL nufPs
f] . @= lehfOPsf] . cfkmGt gf) [cfk"m
cGt] != cfk; cfk:t . @= gft]bf cfTdLo JolQm .
#= gftfs'6D ' a aGw'ju{ . $= lxt]R5' z'eR ] 5' . > cfkmGtL lj) cfkmGtsf] cfkmGt;DaGw
L cfTdLo . cfkmn\g' ;) lqm) [ cfkmfNg'] != s'g} j:t' k k'Ug] uL x'ofpg' ofFSg' km
pg' . @= 5f8\g' TofUg' Tofu ug'{ . #= x'of{pg' x'ofpg' . $= k ;fg'{ 6f9f k'ofpg' x
cfkmn gf) [;+) cf:kmfng] != ldNsfpg] sfd ldNsfO . @= ldNsfOPsf] j:t' jf s'f] . tfk
mn gf) != 5]nf]v]nf] . #= l5nf] . ~ tf]L gf) ;fu dfq vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] tf]L kfg
]L ;:o{+" . l;
lj) a]jf:tf;Fu kmflnPsf] ldlNsPsf] kmfNt" . > cfkmnfcfkmn gf) k:k
g] sfd w]}n] Ps};fy kmfnfkmfn ug]{ sfd . cfkmnfO gf) [ cfkmn\ (cfO)] cfkmNg] jf cfkmN
g nfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cfkmlng' c) lqm) kmflng' ofFlsg' ldNsfOg' x'ofO
' . cfkm; gf) [cfk"m c;] cfk; cfk'm; . cfkm;] cfkm lqm) lj) [lx) cfk ;] cfk] cfkm}F
cfkm :jod]j

105

cfkm:tcfdb cfe0f gf) [;+)] != zLdf nufpg] uxgf cfe"if0f . @= kfngkf]if0f e0fkf]if0f
ef gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' cflbdf b]vf kg]{ rds sflGt bLlKt . @= emns k|ltlaDa 5fof .
cfef gf) [;+)] != u'0fu|flxtf s[t1tf u'g . @= s'g} j:t' jf sfo{sf] af]em efL . #= u[x
yLsf] ef kljfnfO{ kfngkf]if0f ]vb]v ug]{ cleeff . > cfefL lj) != csf{n] u]sf] pk
lgnf] . @= s[t1 . cfef; gf) [;+)] != gx'g] s'f klg ePh:tf] x'g] ldYof 1fg efg ememNs
f] . @= emNsf] c:ki6 ;Demgf 5gs . > cfefl;t lj) != gx'g] s'f klg ePh:tf] b]lvg] . @=
ememNsf] nfUg] jf nfu]sf] . cflehfTo gf) [;+)] pQd s'n jf ju{df hGdgfsf] efj jf
cj:yf s'nLgtf >]i7tf . jfb gf) s'nLgtf tyf zf:qLotfnfO{ a9L dxj lbg] Ps l;4fGt . cfe
L gf) [;+)] != ufO{ kfn] hLljsf rnfpg] hflt Ujfnf . @= kfpdf P3f dfqf clGtd hu0f x'g
Ps 5Gb . #= e}j fusf] 5f]f] . cfe"if0f gf) [;+)] != zLdf zf]ef a9fpgfsf lglDt nufOg]
g cflb hl8Psf] uxgf cn
\sf uxgfu'lof cfe0f . @= z[
\uf ;hfj6 . cfe"lift lj) [;+)]
] l;FuflPsf] Tgflbsf z[
\ufn] ;lh;hfp ePsf] uxgf, j:q cflbn] emle'm ePsf] . cfEoGt
leqklsf] leqsf] leqL leqL efudf x]sf] . ~ sf]k gf) leqL hng dfgl;s O{iof{ 8fxf . ~
g gf) lsnlsn]bl] v cf]7;Ddsf] efudf j0ff]R { rf0fdf x'g] ljleGg k|fs[lts k|oTg . >
cfEoGtls lj) cfEoGt . cfEofl;s lj) [;+)] cEof;;DaGwL cEof;af6 ePsf] cEof;l;t ;DalGwt
. cfEo'blos lj) [;+)] != s'g} df
\ulns sfo{ jf cEo'bol;t ;DalGwt . gf) @= s'g} 7"nf
d
\unsfo{ (j|taGw, ljjfx, ;Ktfx cflb)df lkt[xsf p2]Zon] ulg] >f4 j[l4>f4 gfGbLd'v .
! gf) [;+)] != cfpF . @= f]u Joflw . lj) #= sfFrf] slrnf] . cfd @ lj) [kmf)] != dfd'n
L ;fwf0f ;fdfGo . @= ;j{;fwf0fsf nflusf] hgtfsf nflusf] . ~ hgtf gf) ;fwf0f hgtf ;D
hgtf . ~ dfkmL gf) ;j{dfkmL . (f0ffzf;g ;dfKt ePkl5 :j) >L % lqe' j gaf6 f0ffxnfO{
cfddfkmL aS;]sf] lyof] . o:tf] dfkmL lbg] clwsf fi6fWoIfdf dfq x'G5) . cfdb gf) [kmf
)] cfDbfgL cfo . t gf) != cfDbfgL

cfkm}F g} cfkmcfkm}F . cfkm:t gf) [cfk;] cfk:t cfkmGt . cfkmfn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) cf:kmf
ng g'] x]) cfkmNg' ckmfNg' . > cfkmflng' s) lqm) cfkmNg] sfd ulg' cfkmlng' ckmflng'
cflkm; gf) [c\)] cf sfof{no . cfk'm; gf) [cfk"m ;] cfk; cfkm; . cfk"m ;j{) [;+) c
!= cfkm}F :jod\ vf; cfk"m g} . @= tkfO{F . #= klt :jfdL . $= :jod\ . ~ v';L lqm) lj
) != cfgf] OR5fg';f dgdflkms OR5fd'tflas fhLv';Ln] . lj) @= OR5fcg';fsf] dgdflkmssf
ldNbf] lj) cfk"mcg';fsf] cfgf] :jefj;'xfpFbf] . ~ ;Ss] lqm) lj) cfk"mn] ;s]hlt cfgf
lQmn] EofP;Dd . cfkm} cfkm} lqm) lj) [cfk"m g}] != cfk"m g} d g} :jod\ g} . @= oxfF
g} tkfO{F g} . cfkm lqm) lj) k|oTg guLsg} cfkmcfkm}F cfkm}F g} :jod]j :jtM . cfg"
[;+) cfTdg\] cfgf] cfgf] clwsfsf] lghL :jsLo . ~ dfG5] gf) != cfTdLo JolQm . @= nf]U
. #= :jf:gL . cfa4 lj) [;+)] xtxaf6 afFlwPsf] aGwgdf k]sf] ;DaGw ePsf] . cfaGw gf) [
] != aGwg . @= afFWg] 8f]L bfDnf] h'Og\ . > cfaGws lj) afFWg] sfddf k|of]u x'g] aGwgd
f kfg]{ . cfaGwg gf) != 8f]L aGwg . @= km]f] . #= 5fFb . cfa? gf) [kmf) cfa?] != dfgd
of{bf OHht ;Ddfg . @= nfh, ;d . cfah] { gf) [kmf) cfaf] uf]:jff ;|]:tfdf ePsf] nut jf
cfDbfgLvr{xaf6 Ps lsl;dsf] lsQf Ps} dxndf kg]{ uL sdsnd 5'fO{ n]lvPsf] sfut . cfaxjf
[kmf)] s'g} b]zsf] ;bL{udL{ jf :jf:Yosf] b[li6af6 x'g] k|fs[lts l:ylt hnjfo' . cf
afb lj) [kmf)] != dflg; a;] u'Nhf ePsf] a:tL a;]sf] . @= vghf]t u] afnLgfnL nufpg ;ls
] kflPsf] . > cfafbL gf) != a:tL a;f]af; ePsf] 7fpF . @= s'g} b]zsf] hg;\Vof hg;d"x .
#= vghf]t u]sf] hldg . cfaf g sfaf lj) [xfjf g
sfaf] xf]; xfPsf] a]xf];L ;'4La'l4
Psf] UjfFh] . cfaf g rfaf lj) [ef])a) cfaf g rfaf] t]n g kfgLsf] a]sfdsf] cy{ g ay{sf]
y{sf] lagl;lQsf] . cfafn lqm) lj) [;+)] afnsnufot afnsb]lv lnP . ~ jlgtf lqm)lj) :jf:
gLdfG5] s]6fs]6L nufot :qL afns;d]t . ~ j[4 lqm) lj) afnsb]lv lnP a"9f;Dd a"9f] a
;d]t .

cfdbfgLcfd| vr{ . @= cfjthfjt (lbJo)) . cfdbfgL gf)x]) cfDbfgL . cfdlgjf{rg gf) [km
f) cfd
;+) lgjf{rg] ;Dk"0f{ hgtfn] cfgf] k|ltlglw 5fGg] sfd b]zsf] k|ltlglw;efsf n
flu ulg] clwfHoJofkL r'gfj . cfdg];fdg] lqm) lj) [(l)) ;fd'Gg]] Ps csf{sf] ;Dd'vdf d'
vfd'v u] cfd'Gg];fd'Gg] . cfdGq0fcfdGq0ff gf) [;+)] != lgDtf] lgdGq0f . @= s;}nfO{ :g
x>4fn] k'sfg]{ jf af]nfpg] sfd . #= ;Nnfx kfdz{ . > cfdGq0fLo lj) lgDtf] ug{ ;'xfpg]
lgdGq0f ug{ nfos af]nfpg'kg]{ . cfdGqlotf lj) [;+)] lgDtf] ug]{ lgdGq0f lbg] 8fsaf]n
fp ug]{ cfdGq0fstf{ . cfdlGqt lj) [;+)] lgDtf] ulPsf] af]nfOPsf] lgdlGqt lgDtff] lg
. cfd0f cJo) [;+)] afFrG ' h]n gd?Gh]n dg]{ a]nf;Dd cflvL 38L;Dd . > cfd0ffGt lj)
] Dd l6Sg] gd];Dd xg] jf c8\g] gd?Gh]n xg] . cfdns gf) [;+)] cdnf . > cfdnsL gf) !=
nf . @= kmfNu'g z'Sn PsfbzL . cfdjft gf) [;+)] cfpFsf] ljsfaf6 zLsf ljleGg efu b'Vg]
hf]gL{ ;'lgg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . cfdlzIff gf) [kmf) cfd ;+) lzIff] b]zsf tdfd afnafl
nsf tyf k|f9 } xnfO{ Jofks :tdf pknAw ufOg] lzIff . cfd;ef gf) [kmf) cfd
;+) ;ef] 7"
nf] hg;d"x ;lDdlnt eO{ ulPsf] ;fj{hlgs ;ef ;j{;fwf0f hg;d"x hDdf eP ulPsf] ;ef . cfdf
gf) [;+) cDaf] cfk"mnfO{ hGd lbg] :qL hggL dftf dxtfL . sf] sfv gf) Gofgf] jf ;'v;G
] cj:yf . cfdfsf] sfv, csf] nfv (pvfg) . cfdf\nfd gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnsf] ;f]n'v'Da'
lhNnfdf kg]{ ^,*%^ ld6 cUnf] lxdfnL r'r'f] . cfdfrsfL gf) [cfdf rsfL] hyfefjLl;t nf
efF8sf zAb k|of]u ub}{ ulg] ufnL dgkL af]nfO . cfdfh"cfdfHo" gf) [cfdf Ho"] kltsL lb
L nf]Ug]sL lbbL . cfdflt;f gf) [;+)] afDaf ut gldl;Psf] cfpF lb;f x'g] f]uljz]if . c
Gg gf) [;+)] != sfFrf] cGg gksfPsf] cGg . @= lkt[sf p2]Zon] bfg ulg] l;wf . cfdfjf:
o lj) [;+)] != cf}; F Lsf] cf}; F Ll;t ;DalGwt cf}: F ofxf . @= cf}F;Ldf hGd]sf] .
106

cfdfzo gf) [;+)] k]6leq vfPsf] kbfy{ xg] y}nL kfs:ynL . cfldif gf) [;+)] != df;' . @
= b]jsfo{ lkt[sfo{df lglif4 ulPsf] vfB j:t' ckljq dflgPsf] vfB kbfy{ . > cfldiffzL
lj) df5fdf;' vfg] df+;fxfL . cfd'v gf) [;+)] != ;'? yfngL . @= gf6ssf] k|:tfjgf jf e
"ldsf . #= e"ldsf k|:tfjgf . gf) of]) $= ;Dd'v cufl8 . cfd'Gg];fd'Gg] lqm) lj) [(l))
;fd'Gg]] k:kdf Ps csf{sf] cufl8 ;fd'Gg];fd'Gg] cfdg];fdg] d'vfd'v xffxfL . cfd"n
)] hf;Dd d"nko{Gt 6'Kkfb]lv km]b;Dd (h:t} cfd"n kljt{g) . cfd} gf) [cfdf
g}] != cfd
gL . @= aHo} xh'cfdf . #= cfdfh:t} dfGo :qL . lj) af]) $= t;{Fbf, em:sFbf jf cfZro
{ x'Fbf af]lng] zAb cfDd} (pbf) cfd} sqf] ;k{ cfof] ) . ~ afa} gf) cfd} afa} . cfdf
b gf) [;+)] != cfgGb v';L v';LofnL xif{ . @= ldtf . #= ;'uGw ;'jf; af:gf . ~ k|df]b
ef]uljnf; dgdf]h ;'vr}g df]hluL . > cfdf]lbt lj) != k|;Gg kflPsf] jf ePsf] v';L kfl
f ePsf] xlif{t . @= ;'ulGwt ;'jfl;t ;'jf; ePsf] jf cfPsf] . cfdf]bL lj) != k|;Gg xg]
lif{t . @= ;'jfl;t ;'ulGwt . cfdf]nL gf) s]6fs]6Lxsf] v]ndf s]6fs]6Ln] cfk"mnfO{ 8'
d agfPkl5 s]xL ;do v]naf6 cnu fVg ulsf] ;\s]t k'mSsL k'mL . cfDvf]f gf) [kmf) cfavf
k'ms]sf], s]xL ;fFul' Psf] 3fF6L v'nf d'v ePsf], nfDrf] lsl;dsf] kfgL vfg] efF8f
] cDvf]f . > cfDvf]L gf) ;fgf] cDvf]f . cfDbfgL gf) [kmf) cfdbgL] != s'g} sfd, f]huf
kf cflbaf6 sdfOPsf] wg;DklQ cfo cfo:tf . @= nfe k|flKt pknlAw . ~ vr{ gf) cfDbfgL v
fo Joo . cfDgfo gf) [;+)] != >'lt j]b . @= kDkfaf6 rn] cfPsf] klkf6L s'nsf] Lltly
rn] cfPsf] pkb]z u'?af6 k|fKt lzIff . $= ;Nnfx dGq0ff kfdz{ . cfDd] k|To) [;+) do (6
)] s'g} zAbsf kl5lNt ufFl;P clwstf jf JoflKtsf] cy{ a'emfpg] k|ToowdL{ zAb (hn cfD
d] hnfDd], ftf] cfDd] ftfDd] O)) . cfDd} lj) af]) [cfd}] 8, cfZro{, ljiffb cflbsf
0fdf PsfPs d'vaf6 lg:sg] zAb cfd} . (pbf) cfDd}, ltdLn] To;f] uof} eg] d t dlxfn]F l
g ) . ~ lg lj) af]) cfDd} . > cfDd}n] lj) af]) cfDd} . cfd| gf) [;+)] != cfFk . @= c
fFksf] v . uGwf gf) ;fwf0f efnfh:tf] kft x'g], u'nfkmL sf] k"mn k'mNg] cfFksf] h:t
af:gf cfpg] Ps hftsf] xn]bf] . xlb|f

107

cfd|ftcfd|ftscfof]hs x'g] . cfofd gf) [;+)] != j:t'sf] ndfO, rf}8fO df]6fOdWo] s'g}
Ps yf]s . @= km}nfj6 lj:tf . > cfoflds lj) != nDafO, rf}8fO, prfO ulxfO ldn]sf] . @
= cfofd;Fu ;DalGwt cfofdsf] . cfofd]nL lj) cfofdsf] cfofd;Fu ;DalGwt . cfof; gf) [;+
)] != ldlxg]t k|of; kl>d . @= ysfO . s lj) s'g} ldlxg]t, k|oTg cflbaf6 sdfOPsf] lglZ
t sd 5f8] a9Ldf nfUg] ;sfL s jf b:t' . cfo' gf) [;+)] != gd?Gh]n;Ddsf] ;do cfo'io
. @= pd] jo . #= hLjg . cfo'Qm lj) [;+)] != 6fFl;Psf] hf]l8Psf] ufFl;Psf] . @= s'g}
kbdf egf{ ePsf] lgo'St . gf) #= s'g} cfof]usf] cWoIf jf ;b:o (lgjf{rgcfo'St) cflb
. cfo'w gf) [;+)] != xltof z:q c:q . @= c\u'n dfqfsf] b; u'gfafasf] gfk ;otfn, lb
L jf k|fb'ef{jafasf] gfk . hLjL lj) xltof rnfP hLljsf ug]{ z:qhLjL . > cfo'lws lj)
ltof;DaGwL z:q;DaGwL . gf) @= l;kfxL ;}lgs of]4f . cfo'wL lj) != xltof leg]{ z:qwf0
{ . gf) @= ;}lgs l;kfxL of]4f . cfo'wLo lj) != xltof jf z:q;Fu ;DalGwt xftxltofsf] .
f) @= n8fs" of]4f . cfo'bf{ gf) [;+) cfo'] afFr]sf] jf hLljt ;do cfo' . cfo'jb {] g
f) [;+)] kf}jf{To b[li6sf]0faf6 kfFrf} j]b dflgg], f]u lgbfgkl5 sfi7flb, ;flb cf}i
fwLsf] k|of]u ulg] zNolqmof cflbsf pkfoff klg lrlsT;f ulg] k|l;4 k|frLg lrlsT;fzf:q
, ;'>t ' , jfUe6 cflbff k|0fLt kf}jf{To lrlsT;fk4lt . > cfo'j]{lbs lj) cfo'j]{b;DaGw
L cfo'j]{bLo . cfo'jb {] Lo lj) cfo'j]{lbs j}bf\uL . cfo'zi ] f gf) [;+)] afFsL x]sf]
cfo' jf pd] afFsL hLjg z]if hLjg . cfo'idfg\ lj) [;+)] != nfdf] cfo' ePsf] lr~hLjL b
hLjL . @= afFr]sf] lhpFbf] . cfo'io gf) [;+)] != afFr]sf] pd] jf jo cfo' hLjgsfn . lj
) @= cfo' a9fpg] w]} afFRg] ufpg] cfo' nfdf] ufpg] . cfof]u gf) [;+)] != s'g} lglZrt
fo{sf lglDt ;sfaf6 ul7t ;+:yf jf lgsfo (lgjf{rgcfof]u, nf]s;]jfcfof]u O)) . @= ;sfL
{;sfL ljz]if sfdsf nflu :yfoL jf c:yfoL kdf v8f ulPsf] Ps jf cg]s JolQmsf] ;ldlt (zf
xL cfof]u, ;]jfcfof]u O)) . cfof]hs lj) [;+)] s'g} sfds'fsf] k|aGw ug]{ s'g} of]hgfsf
] ;~rfng ug]{ aGbf]a:t ldnfpg] k|aGws Joj:yfks . ~ ;ldlt gf) s'g} sfo{sf] Joj:yf Pj+
k|aGw ugf{sf lglDt

gf) cfFksf] uGw cfpg] pl;g] ;fFwL crf vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] sGbd"n xbL{cfFk . cfd|ftcfd|f
s gf) [;+)] cdffsf] v cdff] . cfDn gf) [;+)] != cldnLsf] v cldnL . @= cldnf] :jfb
g . #= lkQ cldnf] x'g] f]uljz]if . > cflDnsf gf) cldnL . cfo gf) [;+)] != cfDbfgL .
@= kmfObf nfe . ~ s gf) ;a} lsl;dsf cfDbfgLdf lgodadf]lhd nufOPsf] s . s cbfnt gf)
os;DaGwL d'2fdfldnsf] sfafO{ ug]{ cf . cfot lj) [;+)] != km}lnPsf] kmflsnf] lj:t[t
. @= nfdf] bL3{ . > cfotg gf) != cfsfzsf] vf; If]q cf]u6\g] s'g} j:t'sf] cfs[lt j
f u'0f . @= j:t'sf] cfs[ltaf6 b]lvg] cfsfzsf] kllw jf If]qkmn . #= ndfO rf}8fO afa
geP klg rf ;dsf]0f ePsf] s'g} If]q . $ u[x 3 . %= 7fpF :yfg . ^= dlGb b]jfno . &= clU
s'08 o1j]bL . cfo ljj0f gf) [;+)] s'g sd sxfFaf6 s;L cfof] eGg] s'fsf] ljj0f cfDbfg
n]vfhf]vf cfh{gsf] n]vf jf l6kf]6 . cfoJoo gf) [;+)] cfDbfgL vr{ gfkmf gf]S;fg nfe
lg . > cfoJoos gf) != cfufdL jif{sf] lgldQ ljleGg ljefu jf sfdsf lglDt OlGthfd ulPs
f] cfDbfgLvr{sf] n]vfhf]vf ah]6 Ps jif{ jf c s'g} ;dofjlwsf nflu cg'dfg ulPcg';f elji
sf] sfo{;~rfngdf k|:t't ulPsf] cfly{s of]hgf . @= s'g} ;sfL, cw{;sfL ;+:yf cflbsf] ;f
edf x'g] cfDbfgLvr{sf] cg'dflgt n]vfhf]vf . ~ u0fgf gf) s'g} fi6 jf ;\3;+:yf cflbsf]
ne jf s'g} vf; cjlwleq x'g] ;Defljt cfo Joosf] cg'dflgt n]vfhf]vf cfoJoosf] tYof\s
. ~ rqm gf) cfDbfgL vr{sf] lgoldt qmd cfDbfgLcg';fsf] vr{ vr{cg';fsf] cfDbfgL ug]{
|lqmof . ~ ljj0f gf) cfDbfgL vr{sf] ljj0f jf n]vf . cfoJolos gf) cfoJoos ah]6 . cfo
gf) [ cfo] != hUufhldg, Jofkf cflbaf6 lglZrt kdf x'g] cfDbfgL :yfoL cfo;|ft ] . @= k
|flKt nfe kmfObf . cfoft gf) [;+)] != ljb]zaf6 lemsfOPsf dfn;fdfg cfpg] sfd k}7fL . l
j) @= ljb]zaf6 vlb ulPsf] lemsfOPsf] . #= cfPsf] cfut . > cfofts gf) ljb]zaf6 dfn;fdf
g dufpg] :jLs[lt kfPsf] Joj;foL . ~ s gf) ljb]zaf6 lemsfOPsf tofL jf sRrf dfn;fdfgdf
eG;fsf] lgodfg';f p7fOg] jf lnOg] z'Ns cfoftz'Ns . ~ lgof{t gf) dfn;fdfgx ljb]zaf6 :
jb]zdf dufpg] :jb]zaf6 ljb]zdf k7fpg] sfd lgsf;Lk}7fL . d'08 lj) nfDrf] 6fpsf] ePsf
dfgjzf:qcg';f nfDrf] cfsfsf] 6fpsf]

cfof]hgcfof]hgfcfL u7g ulPsf] ;DalGwt cfof]hsxsf] ;ldlt . cfof]hgcfof]hgf gf) [;+)]

s'g} sfd k"f ugf{sf lglDt klxn]b]lv ulPsf] k|aGw OGthfd aGbf]a:t . @= s;}nfO{ s'g} s
fddf nufpg] sfd lgo'lQm . #= ldnfpg] jf hf]8\g] k|lqmof . $= pBf]u pGglt . %= ;fdu
|L ;fdfg . cfof]lht lj) [;+)] cfof]hg jf cfof]hgf ulPsf] k|aGw ldnfOPsf] aGbf]j:t ePs
f] jf ulPsf] . cfQm lj) [;+)] 5fofF sf] xNsf ftf] clncln ftf] ftf]ftf] . cf
] ;'Iff vla?jfxsf] arfpsf lglDt h\unnfO{ rf}ltaf6 3]g{] sfd cfIf0f . > cfIfs g
;dsf sl7gfOaf6 arfp ug]{ JolQm . @= k|xL k'ln; . cfIf0f gf) != rf}ltaf6 Iff ug]{ jf
ufpg] lqmof . @= jGohGt' af]6la?jfxsf] arfpsf lglDt h\unnfO{ ;'lIft fVg] sfd . ~ bn
) cfIfssf] bn jf ;d"x k|xL6f]nL . cflIft lj) [;+)] rf}ltaf6 Iff ulPsf] hf]ufOPsf]
. ~ sf]if gf) ljz]if cfjZostf kbf{ jf ;\s6sf ;dodf sfd lbg ;sf];\ egL hDdf ulg] sf]
if ;l~rt sf]if . ~ ljifo gf) ljz]if b[li6af6 jf ljz]if JolQmxsf lglDt ;'lIft flvPsf]
ljifo . cfIfL lj) [;+)] != rf}ltaf6 arfp ug]{ . @= Ifs . cf0o lj) [;+)] != h\un;DaG
L ag}of h\unsf] h\undf x]sf] . gf) @= h\un jg sfgg . #= v]tL guLsg k}bf ePsf] cGg
. $= h\unL hgfj . %= cgf{ . > cf0os lj) != h\unL ag'jf . gf) @= jgh\unsf] af6f]3f6f
b . #= jgh\undf xg] dflg; jgjf;L . $= jfgk|:ycf>d;DaGwL sfo{sf] ljj0f n]lvPsf] j]bsf]
Ps v08 jf efu . ~ s'Ss'6 gf) h\unL s'v'f] n'OFr] . cftL! gf) [;+) cfflqs] != b]jtfsf
hfcfhfdf w"k, aQL afn] 3'dfpg] lqmof lgfhg . @= w]} d'v ePsf] aQL afNg] efF8f] . #=
a]n'sf ulg] b]jtfsf] k"hf jf cffwg . ~ :ofpnL gf) ljjfxdf b'nxL leq\ofpFbf b'nfxfsf
lbbL alxgLn] yfndf ljleGg cfsfsf a'fdf aQL afnL ulg] cftL lgfhg . cftL@ gf) v'f e
fdf vfkfsf] v'f c8fpg] Kjfn ePsf] tndfly xg] t];f]{ sf7 . cfg gf) [;+) cfo;\ c0f] s
, sf} cflbsf] kmnfd kf]Ng] cu]g' kmnfd kf]Ng] cfufsf] eL . cfAw lj) [;+)] != yfngL u]
sf] ;'? ePsf] cflDes . gf) @= ;'? cfDe . cfe6L gf) [;+)] != qmf]w, eofgstf, f}bt |
b pu|efjsf]
108

r]i6f . @= Ps ;flxlTos j[lQ f}b|, jL, eofgs cflb ;sf] j0f{g jf k|of]u ePsf] c+z . cfD
e gf) [;+)] != yfngL ;'? p7fg k|fDe . @= sfof{j:yf syfj:t'sf kfFr cj:yfdWo] klxnf] cj
yf kmnk|flKtsf lgldQ pT;'stf b]vfOg] cj:yf . tM cJo) yfn]bl] v ;'?b]lv k|fDeb]lv . ~
lgiklQ gf) != rflxFbf] dfn tof kfg]{ jf cefjk"lt{ ug]{ sfd . @= j:t'sf] pTkfbg ubf
{ nfUg] vr{ . #= pknlAw k|flKt . > cflDes lj) != ;'?sf] yfngL ug]{ cj:yfsf] klxn]sf]
|flDes . @= vf; k|ljlw, ;fwg tyf k|lqmofsf] k"j{kLIf0fsf nflu ulg] (cWoog, cEof; O)
) . cf;L gf) [;+) cfblz{sf] != k|frLg sfnsf] wft'sf] P]gf cf;L{ . @= b]jL, b]jtfsf]
k"hf ulg] ci6bn n]lvPsf] wft'sf] yfnL . cff gf) [;+)] Pp6fn] tfGg] csf{n] 3'r]6\g]
uL 7"n7"nf sf7 lrg]{ 7"nf] vfnsf] sf}FtL . cffws lj) [;+)] cffwgf ug]{ pkf;s k"hs .
wgcffwgf gf) [;+)] != O{ZjnfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ ulg] pkf;gf k"hf Wofg . @= ;Ddfg ;]jf 6x
ffwgLo lj) cffwgf ug{ of]Uo k"Ho . cfflwt lj) [;+)] cffwgf ulPsf] k'lhPsf] k"hf u
;]ljt . cffWo lj) [;+)] != cffwgf ug{ of]Uo k"hgLo cffwgLo . @= cfk"mn] cffwgf, pkf;
k"hf cflb ulPsf] (b]jtf, Oi6b]jtf) . cffd gf) [;+)] != ysfO dfg]{ jf lj>fd ug]{ sf
d ;':tfpg] lqmof >dzflGt . @= ;Grf] ;Gr;'la:tf lgsf] cfgGb lgsfgGb . #= ;'v r}g . $=
jg au}r F f . ~ s';L{ gf) nfdf] cfsfsf] kN6] a:g x'g] d]r jf s';L{ . ~ u[x gf) cffd u
]{ 3 jf sf]7f lj>fd ug]{ 3 lj>fdfno . ~ lafd gf) ;Grf]la;Grf] ;'vb'Mv . cffdL lj)
] != cffdsf] cffd;DaGwL . @= cffd rfxg] ljnf;lk|o . #= cN;L cN5L ;':t . ~ kq gf) ;G
' a:tf n]lvPsf] lr7L s'zn ;dfrfsf] lr7Lkq . cff?6cfff]6 gf) [c\) cff?6] != nfDrf]
fdf nfdf 7"nf kft x'g,] v}f w;f{x ePsf] ;]tf] ufg' x'g] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 . @= xNsf x
'gfn] lafdLnfO{ kYosf] lglDt k]o agfO{ v'jfOg] To;}sf] sGb jf kL7f] . cfl; gf) [ cfx
fl;] O{iof{ 8fxf cfxfl; . > cfl;] lj) csf{sf] ;'v;DklQ jf pGglt b]Vg, ;xg g;Sg] :jefj
f] 8fxf ug]{ afgL ePsf] Ovfn' 8flxnf] 8f9] . > cfl:ofO gf) cfl;] x'gfsf] efj, cj:yf
|j[lQ . cfL! gf) [;+)] ;;fgf kft x'g], u'nfkmL
sf af6'nf k"mn

109

cf/LcfyL{ Jo~hgf lj) != 3f]8f cflb r9\g] kvf{n cflb pSng] . gf) @= y xfFSg] JolQm ;fl
y 3f]8f cflb r9\g] JolQm 3f]8r9L . cff]x0f gf) != r9\g] jf pSng] sfd jf k|lqmof . @=
dfl:t r9\g] ;fwg l;F9L eof
. #= aLp, kfn'jf cflb 6';fpg] jf knfpg] sfd . $= gfrufgsf
lglDt agfOPsf] cUnf] 7fpF d~r . cff]xfjf]x gf) != r9\g] pqg] sfd pSng] cf]n{g] sf
@= ;
\uLtdf :j r9fpg] ptfg]{ lqmof jf cj:yf . cff]xL lj) != kxf8, v cflbdf r9\g] jf
Sng] . @= 3f]8r9L ;jfLdf r9\g] (dflg;, ;jf O)) . gf) #= ufpFbf jf ahfpFbf ;b]lv lg
zM a9fpFb} n}hfg] :j;fwgsf] k|lqmof . cf3f]{ gf) [ef]) a)] u'? hfltsf] cfgf] rngcg';
f ulg] z'4zflGt cf3'{F 3]jf . cfh{g' ;) lqm) [;+) cfh{g g'] cfh{g ug'{ sdfpg' cfD
'{ . cfh{g gf) [;+) ch{g] v]tLkftL, pBf]u, >d cflbaf6 x'g] cfly{s jf cGo cfo sdfO c
fDbfgL . cfh{g eP ef]hg { ldN5 (pvfg) . cflh{g' s) lqm) [cfh{
O g'] cfh{g ulg' sdfO
g' . cfh]{ gf) s'g} xfPkfPsf] cyjf efu]sf] j:t' jf dfG5] stflt 5 egL kQf nufpg] p2]Z
on] Hof]ltif jf wfdLn] cIftf cflb k|of]u uL x]g]{ hf]vgf . cft{ lj) [;+)] != ;\s6 j
f ljkt\df ksf] . @= b'MvL . #= lafdL f]uL c:j:y . $= kL8f ePsf] kLl8t . gfb gf) b'
kL8fn] sfPsf] cfjfh s?0f qmGbg . cft{j lj) [;+)] != Ct' jf df};dl;t ;DalGwt s'g} vf
; Ct'df x'g] df};dL . gf) @= g5'g] cfOdfO{sf] dlxgfdlxgfdf lg:sg] h jf ut . cfly{s l
j) [;+)] != wg;DklQ;DaGwL ljQLo . @= fhgLlt tyf ;dfhzf:qsf cg';f wg;DklQ tyf o;sf]
cfh{g, pTkfbg, ljefhg, ljt0f cflbl;t ;DaGw fVg] . #= zAb, jfSo cflbsf] tfTko{;Fu ;
DalGwt cy{;Fu ;DaGw fVg] . ~ P]g gf) ;sfn] b]zsf] cfoJoo;DaGwL Joj:yfsf lglDt th'{df
uL lgsfn]sf] P]g . ~ k|0ffnL gf) fli6o ;DklQsf] cfoJoo ulg] gLlt tyf k| l qmof . ~ e"
uf]n gf) cfly{s b[li6n] b]zsf ljleGg efu tyf ltgsf pTkfbg cflbsf] cWoog ulg] ljBf
. ~ of]hgf gf) cy{;DaGwL of]hgf fli6o of]hgfcg';f cy{sf ;DaGwdf to ulPsf] of]hgf . ~
if{ gf) gofF cfly{s of]hgf k|fDe ulg] jif{ (g]kfndf ;fpg dlxgfb]lv csf]{ c;f d;fGt;D
d cfly{s jif{ x'G5 .) . ~ ;Nnfxsf gf) ;sfnfO{ cy{;DaGwL sfds'fsf] ;Nnfx lbg] JolQm jf
;ldlt . cfyL{ Jo~hgf gf) [;+)] zAbsf cfwfdf geP cy{sf cfwfdf Jo\Uofy{ a'emfpg] Jo~hg
f .

k'mNg] sfF8fbf v jf sn]hL sf nfdf sf];f kmNg] To;}sf] kmn . cfL@ gf) [;+) cf9s] crf
pg] jf crf xfNg] sfddf cfpg] sf7, df6f] cflbsf] ;fgf] lepF6 la6 gkmls{Psf] sf7 jf
df6fsf] kmflsnf] efF8f] cfx|L . :ofuL gf) != ;
\s6sfnLg cj:yf rL3fF6L . @= cfL :
f? gf) [;+)] nfDrf kft x'g], sn]hL
sf ;]tf ;;fgf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf ToxL
af]6sf] leq xf8] laofF x'g] k'm;|f]
sf] kmn . kft] gf) cf?sf] h:tf] kft x'g] Ps k|
sfsf] 3fF; . cf9 lj) [;+)] != r9]sf] s'g} j:t'dfly a;]sf] . @= tTk F n] dQ ePsL t?gL
] ;Gg4 . ~ of}jgf gf) != a}; k'u]sL o'jtL . @= dWof gflosfsf rf e]bdWo] Ps . cf]v gf)
[;+)] vf; ljrfnfO{ ]vfsf] dfWodff k|:t't ulg] u|flkms k|ljlw . cff]s/f}t F L gf) [
f] != s/f}FtL . @= h'Qf l;pg], r'Rrf] yf]} bf]la|Psf] l;of] . #= kmnfdsf] tLvf] 3f
]Rg] xltof ;'Of] . cff]Uo gf) [;+)] != f]u gePsf] jf gnfu]sf] cj:yf :j:ytf tGb'?:tL
f]u gnfUg] lqmof jf efj . ~ cf>dzfnf gf) != lafdLxnfO{ pkrf ug{ flvg] jf pkrf ulg
jftfj0f ePsf] 3 . @= lrlsT;fno c:ktfn . cff]k gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ s'g} vfa sfd u]af
f nufOPsf] bf]if aft jf km]a cleof]u . @= s;}nfO{ vfa sfd u]sf]df jft jf bf]if nufpg]
lqmof jf Jojxf . #= Ps kbfy{df csf{ kbfy{sf u'0fsf] sNkgf ug]{ sfd . $= f]Kg] jf
3';fg]{ sfd . > cff]ks lj) != cff]k nfpg] kmQ' nfpg] bf]if jf aft nufpg] . @= af]6la?
f cflb f]Kg] . cff]k0f gf) != pv]n]sf af]6la?jf cflb csf{ 7fpFdf f]Kg] sfd . @= Ps J
olQmn] csf{ JolQmsf] efj b]vfpg] jf Ps j:t'df csf]{ j:t' h8\g] sfd . #= Pp6f la?
jfdf csf]{ la?jfsf] 6';f] jf ;fgf] xfFuf] 3';fg]{ jf 6fF;] Psk kfg]{ sfd . $= r9fp
g] jf psfNg] sfd . %= bf]ifaft nufpg] sfd . ^= e"m6f] sNkgf e|d . ~ kq gf) cfcbfnta
f6 s'g} JolQmsf pk cff]k nufOPsf] a]xf]f jf aofg n]lvPsf] sfut . cff]lkt lj) != bf]if
nufOPsf] aft nufOPsf] . @= ;flPsf] f]lkPsf] (la?jf) . cff]Ko lj) != cff]k nufpg x'g
t nufpg nfos . @= ;fg{ jf f]Kg x'g] (af]6la?jf) . cff]x gf) [;+)] != 3f]8f cflb r9\
g] dflg; ;jf . @= r9\g] jf pSng] sfd . #= cUnf] hldg pRr :yfg . $= ;
\uLtdf lgDg :jaf6
qmdzM :j r9fpFb} n}hfg] sfd . %= r9fO wfjf . ^= kxf8 cflb r9\g] jf pSng] sfd . &=
af]Nbf jf jfrg ubf{ :j pflnFb} hfg] k|j[lQ . > cff]xs

cfb| { cfnfk cfb| { lj) [;+)] != kfgLn] leh]sf] lr;f] . @= lunf] gd . #= ;o'Qm l;nf
= kUn]sf] . ~ v]tL gf) kfgL k'Ug] v]tdf nufOg] afnLgfnL . > cfb|s { lj) != leq jf
aflx kfgLsf] c+z ePsf] leh]sf] . @= lunf] gd . gf) #= cb'jf . tf gf) cfb|{ x'gfsf]
fj kfgLn] leHg] efj jf cj:yf lr;f]kg . cfb|f { gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps gIfq 5}6f
}F gIfq . cfd]{lgofnL gf) [cfd]{lgof (:yfg) cfnL] eff]k]nL efiff kljfsf] ztd\ju{sf]
Ps pkzfvf . cfo{ lj) [;+)] != pQd >]i7 . @= cfb0fLo dfGo . #= k|ultzLn pQd ;+:sfo'Qm
gf) $= pQd jf pbfQ rlq ePsf] dflg; . %= ;fgfn] 7"nfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg]
zAb . ^= ;Eo dflgPsf] Ps k|frLg hflt . ~ hflt gf) cfo{xsf] hflt cfo{ . ~ wd{ gf) cfo
{xn] cFufn]sf] wd{ ;gftgwd{ . ~ k'q gf) != k|frLg sfndf kTgLn] kltnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{
elgg] zAb . @= cfo{s'ndf hGd]sf] k'?if . ~ ;Eotf gf) cfo{xn] :yflkt u]sf] ;Eotf cfo{;
+:s[lt . ~ ;dfh gf) != ;gftgwd{df pbftf Nofpg eftsf :jfdL bofgGb ;:jtLn] rnfPsf] Ps w
fld{s ;Dk|bfo @= cfo{hfltsf] ;dfh . ~ ;dfhL lj) cfo{;dfhsf] l;4fGt dfGg] cfo{;dfhsf]
(;b:o, l;4fGt O)) . cfof{ gf) [;+)] != dfGo :qL . @= kfj{tL b'uf{ . #= klxnf] t];
|f] kfpdf afx|afx| dfqf, bf];|f] kfpdf c7f dfqf clg rf}yf] kfpdf kGw| dfqf x'g] df
lqs 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . uLlt gf) cfof{sf] k"jf{w{df Ps u'? pQfw{df klg Ps u'? ylkP ag]s
f] b'j} kbsf] clGtd u0f du0f ePsf] dflqs 5Gb . cfof{jt{ gf) [;+)] != cfo{xsf] lgjf
;:yn kf}fl0fs dfGotfcg';f lxdfnb]lv ljGWofrn;Dd k"jL{ ;d'b|b]lv klZrdL ;d'b|;Dd km}
lnPsf] lj:t[t e"efu . @= eftjif{ . cfof{i6f\u dfu{ gf) [;+)] a'4ff k|ltkflbt b'Mvlgj[
Qsf cf7 dfu{ . cfo]{fgL gf) [;+)] eff]k]nL efiffkljfsf b; zfvfdWo] Ps eftOfg]nL .
f) cfo]{fgL zfvfdf kg]{ s'g} klg efiff . ~ d"n gf) ;+:s[t kmf;Lsf] ;fem] d"n dflgg]
k|fu}ltxfl;s eff]kn ] L efiff . cfo]{nL gf) [cfo{ PnL] eff]k]nL kljfsf] Pp6f zfvf ef
L cfo] { fgL . cfof]{Qo'u gf) [;+)] Oltxf;sf cg';f wft'o'ukl5 cfpg] ;do k|foLkdf cfo
] k|j]zkl5sf] o'u . cfif{ lj) [;+)] != Clif;Fu ;DalGwt Clifxff k|o'Qm Clifsf] . @= k|
rLg . #= j}lbs . ~ k|of]u gf) kfl0flg cflbsf Jofs0fcg';f cz'4 7xlP klg j]b tyf k'f0fd
f k|rlnt ePsf] cfwfdf z'4 dflgg] eflifs k|of]u . ~ ljjfx
110

gf) sGofsf lktfn] jl;t b'O6f uf]? lnP ullbg] j}lbs ljjfx cf7 k|sfsf ljjfxdWo] Ps . cf
;L{ gf)x]) cf/;L . cflx|; gf) [cfxfl;] 8f9 O{iof{ cfl; . > clx|; ] lj) 8f9] O{iof{n
. cflx|:ofO gf) cflx|;]sf] :jefj, Jojxf jf cfr0f cfl:ofOF . cfn
\sfls lj) [;+)] !=
zf:qsf cg';f cn
\sfn] o'Qm (s'g} rgf) . @= cn
\sf k]sf] (syg, plQm cflb) . #= Hofb} rl
] jf 3'dfpf] (egfO jf af]nL) . $= uxgf;DaGwL uxgfn] o'Qm . gf) % cn
\sfzf:q hfGg] Jol
Qm cn
\sfzf:qsf] 1ftf . cfn6fn gf) [(l)) 6fn] != dgn] gvfPsf] sfddf nfUg'kbf{ l9nfO u
]{ afgL cndn cNof
dNof
cfn]6fn] cfgfsfgL . @= sfddf e;s xRsg] k|lqmof 6f6' . cfnlk
t{) clNkmg]6] cnlUuPsf jf 5lPsf sfuhkq gTyL ug]{, gfy|Lsf 7fpFdf Njf
sfF6Lsf] em}F
5ftf] x'g] l;of] . cfndfL gf) [kf]t{) cndflof]] leq txtx ldnfP kmn]sx h8L v08v08 uf
, 9f]sf nufpg x'g] dfndQf fVg x'g] wft' jf sf7sf] 7f8f] ;Gb'; af]s] 7fpF ;fg{ ldNg]
bfh . cfndfn gf) [(l)) dfn] dfndQf lem6Lld6L lem6LemfD6f dfntfn . cfnDa gf) [;+)] !
f>o cfwf ;xff . @= pQf]nsnfO{ c8fpg] cf8 . > cfnDag gf) != cf>o ;xff cjnDa . @= ;f
qdf ;lgiklQsf] sf0f cfnDag ljefj . cfnDaL lj) ;xff lng] jf lbg] cfl>t jf cf>oL . cfn
) [;+)] != 3 u[x jf;:yfg . @= cf>o cfwf . #= 7fpF :yfg . cfnjfn gf) [;+)] af]6la?jf
f{pgsf nflu km]bdf kfgL c8fpg jlkl agfOPsf] l8n cfnL . cfn;! gf) [;+) ct;L] uxth:tf]
y]Krf], s}nf] sf], lrNnf] nfDrf] t}nfGg lt;L . cfn;@ gf) [;+) cn;] != cfn:o cN5Lkg .
lj) @= cfn;L cN;L hfFu gePsf] . tfn; gf) != sfdsf] af]em Jo:ttf . @= udL{, kL8f cflb
] a]r}g x'g] lsl;d jf rfn ylst cj:yf . lj) #= nvtfg x}fg . $= c:tJo:t . cfn:o gf) [;+
)] sfddf dg gnfUg] efj hfFu gePsf] l:ylt cN;Lkg ;':tL cN5L . cfnfg gf) [;+)] != xfQL
fFWg] alnof] sf7sf] df]6f] vDaf vdfL . @= xfQL afFWg] alnof] 8f]L jf kmnfd] l;qmL .
#= cNemf] aGwg . cfnfk gf) [;+)] != s'fsfgL af]nrfn aftlrt ukm . @= ;\uLtsf] tfgljz
:j;fwg . ~ ljnfk gf) dgsf] tLj|

111

cflnlvtcfjlncfjnL u'0fcju'0fsf] lg0f{o ug]{ JolSt cfnf]rgf ug]{ JolSt ;dLIfs . #= ljj
]rgf ug]{ JolSt ljj]rs . cfnf]rgcfnf]rgf gf) [;+)] != hfGg] sfd 1fg . @= u'0f bf]ifsf
] ljj]rg kfv lgikIf b[li6 . #= cfnf]rgf ;dLIff 6Lsfl6Kk0fL . $= b]Vg] sfd . > cfnf]rg
fTds lj) cfnf]rgf ePsf] cfnf]rgfo'St . cfnf]rgLo lj) cfnf]rgf ug{ nfos . cfnf]lrt lj
) [;+)] cfnf]rgf ulPsf] ljj]lrt . cfnf]Ro lj) [;+)] cfnf]rgf ug{ of]Uo ljj]Ro cfnf]rg
Lo . cfnf]8g gf) [;+)] != bxL cflb dYg] sfd x'8 F Ng] sfd . @= 5fglag ljj]rg . #= d
gdly\unn] EofP;Dd ;f]Rg] sfd . cfnf]l8t lj) [;+)] cfnf]8g ePsf] x'F8lnPsf] dlyPsf] .
cfnf]kfnf] gf) [(l)) kfnf]] != s'g} ;'ljwf, sfd jf si6 cflbdf Pskl5 csf{n] efu lng]
sfd kfnf]sf] ;f6km] . lqm) lj) @= kfn};Fu qmd};Fu . cfnf]afnf] gf) [(l))
afnf]] != e
{} hGd]sf] lzz' b"wd'v] afns . @= hxfgkljf hxfgs]6fs]6L . cfNt'kmfNt' lj) [(l))
= sfd gnfUg] a]sDdf grflxFbf] . @= jf:tf gulg] s'g} ;f]sf gePsf] . cfjt hfjt gf) [cf
t hf jt] != k:k cfpg]hfg] sfd cf]xf]bf]xf] . @= e]63f6 a;fp7L a;p7 . #= 3lgi7tf
{ d]nldnfk . cfjlws lj) [;+)] != lgwf{lt ;doleqsf] tf]lsPsf cjlwsf] . @= tf]lsPsf] ;
do;dodf lg:sg] jf k"f x'g] (klqsf, of]hgf O)) . cfj0f gf) [;+)] != dflyaf6 5f]Kg] sf
d 9fSg] k|lqmof . @= 9Ssg lasf]{ . #= s'g} k':ts cflbsf] ;f}Gbo{ hf]ufpg aflxaf6 a]
g{] sfuh uftf lhNb . ~ k[i7 gf) s'g} k':ts jf lnlvt ;fdu|Lsf] 9sgfsf kdf xg] kfgf . ~
afnL gf) klxf] hfg] ;Defjgf ePsf] 7fpFdf klxf] hfgaf6 f]Sgsf nflu nufOg] afnLgfnL e"
Ifo f]Sgfsf lglDt nufOPsf] h\un . cfjt{ gf) [;+)] != aLr efunfO{ s]Gb| dfg] To;sf] r
f}lt 3'ldxg] kfgL e'FjL . @= dflg; jf kz'sf] zLdf kfOg] f}Fsf] e'FjL jf rqm . #= k
g]{ afbn . $= 3'dfO klqmdf . > cfjt{s lj) != rf}lt 3'dfpg] lufFpg] . @= nuftf 3'ld
#= km]lkm]l bf]xf]lg] k'gM k'gM eOxg] . gf) $= e'FjL . cfjt{g gf) != afDaf 3'Dg]
] sfd . @= dbfgLn] bxL dYg] sfd cfnf]8g . #= bf]xf]ofpg] sfd . $= kUng] k|lqmof .
%= af\lug] jf 6]l9g] sfd . ~ ljGb' gf) ! xfjf kfgLsf] e'dLdf b]lvg] s]Gb|Lo ljGb' j
f :yn . @= ul0ftdf ljleGg lgisif{ lgsflng] k|flDes c\saLh . cfjlncfjnL gf) [;+)] !=
qmd}n] ldnfP flvPsf] j:t';d"x . @= nx tfFtL >]0fL k\lQm . (;df;df k|foM pQjtL{ eP
cfpF5 . h:t} gfdfjnL, lj?bfjnL O)) .

j]bgf kf]v ] lrRofpFb} ?g]sfpg] sfd cnfkljnfk lanf}gf . cflnlvt lj) [;+)] :ki6;Fu n]l
Psf] lrlqt c\lst . cfln gf) [;+)] != gfLsL dlxnf ldq cfnL . @= k\lQm ]vf . #= e|d
ln\ug gf) [;+)] JolQm jf j:t'nfO{ afx'kfzn] a]g]{ sfd cFufnf] c\sdfn . cfln\Uo lj [;
!= cFufnf] xfNg x'g] c\sdfn ug{ of]Uo . gf) @= d[b\u dfbn . cfnL! gf) [;+)] gfLsL :q
fyL jf ;FlugL . cfnL@ gf [;+)] v]tsf] l;dfgf cnUofpg jf kfgL cl8g] agfpg rf}lt s]xL
p7fOPsf] df6fsf] l8n v]tsf] Ps kmu6fnfO{ csf]; { u F 5'fpg] ;fFw . ~ w' gf) ;fgf] cf
nL 7"nf] w' . cfn' gf [;+) cfn's] != hfdf ftf] jf ;]tf] 8Nnf kmNg], uf]ne]8 F fsf] h
:tf] kft xfFuf x'g] af]6 . @= To;sf] kmn . luf] gf) hldgd'lg sGb jf kmn gnfUg] t?n
sf] nxfdf kmNg] cfn'h:tf] 8Nnf] cfsfsf] kmn . F f] ;fgf] vfnsf] cfn'rf gf) [kmf) cf
n"r] Ps k|sfsf] kx]n kmn kmNg] cfn'av8fsf] af]6 jf ;f]xL af]6sf] kmn . cfn'bd gf)
[cfn' bd] pl;g]sf] cfn' 5f]8fP l;\u} jf ofs kf] tof ulPsf] emf]nbf tsfL . cfn'a
) cfn"a'vff] nfDrf xlof kft emLgf] kftnf] af]6df ;]tf] k"mn x'g] clg af]6}df u'lno
f]cldnf] :jfbsf] uf]nuf]n kmn nfUg] af]6 To;}sf] kmn . cfn]v gf) [;+)] n]vf]6 n]v lnv
clen]v . > cfn]vg gf) != lrqsf k\lQm sf]g]{ sfd lrq n]Vg] sfd . @= n]Vg] sfd n]vg .
cfn]Vo lj) n]Vg x'g] n]Vg of]Uo . cfn]6fn] gf) [(l)) 6fn\ P] 6f6' cfn6fn . cfn]k
)] != n]:g jf lnKg ldNg] vfnsf] afSnf] n]bf] afSnf] b|jkbfy{ n]k . @= zLdf 3l;g] e'6
]sf] tf]L xn]bf] a's'jf . > cfn]kg gf) != cfn]k n]:g], lnKg], kf]Tg] jf 3:g] sfd .
@= zLdf ;'uGwL b|Jo nufpg] sfd . cfnf] lj) [;+) cfb|] { != ev{ NofOPsf] ;fhL tfhf . @
gcf]OnfPsf] l;nf] . #= sd pd]sf] cg'ejxLg . cfnf]s gf) [;+)] != pHofnf] ;]tf] rxs k
z . @= x]fO b[li6 . #= ;fk]Iftf cfwflznf . > cfnf]sg gf) != x]g]{ jf b]Vg] sfd . @= ;
f]rljrf ulxf] b[li6 . cfnf]sgLo lj) x]g{ jf ljrf ug{ of]Uo lrGtgLo . ~ :tDe gf) != k
zsf nflu aQL hl8Psf] :tDe k|sfz:tDe . @= ;a}nfO{ fd|f] af6f] b]vfpg] dfG5] . cfnf]
sfrf] lj) [cfnf] sfFrf]] != cwsNrf] . @= cklkSj a'l4 gk'u]sf] . cfnf]lst lj) [;+)] !
pHofnf] kflPsf] rds lbOPsf] . @= b]lvPsf] x]lPsf] . #= rlDsnf] rDs]sf] . cfnf]rs lj)
[;+)] != cfnf]rgf ug]{ . @= gf) ;flxTosf]

cfjZoscfzf cfjZos lj) [;+)] vfFrf] k]sf] rflxPsf] geO{ gx'g] h?L . tf gf) cfjZos
:ylt vfFrf] h?t . > cfjZosL lj) cfjZostf ePsf] . cfjx gf) [;+)] != ;ft k|sfsf jfo'dWo
Ps k[YjL :ju{df jxg] jfo' . lj) @= k}bf ug]{ pTkfbs . (of] zAb k|foM zAbsf] cGtdf
cfpF5 . h:t} eofjx, ;'vfjx O)) . cfjfudg gf) [;+)] cfpg]hfg] sfd cfjthfjt cft]hft] c
]xf]bf]xf] . cfjfh gf) [kmf)] != j:t'sf] kf:kls ;\3if{ jf xfjfsf] 7Ssaf6 lg:sg] Wjlg
f]Rrlt Wjlg cfafh zAb gfb . @= af]nL jf0fL . #= xNnf vnan . cfjff lj) [kmf)] != ljg
otfplt 3'Dg] a]sf otfplt xNng] afnf . @ 3kljf ;dfhsf] s'g} kaf{x gug]{ cnd:t . #
f] 7]ufgf gePsf] lgl:kmqmLsf] gfuf] . cfjf; gf) [;+)] != hLp cf]Tg] 7fpF 3 u[x . @= a
g] 7fpF lgjf;:yfg . ~ u[x gf) a;f]af; ug]{ 3 . ~ :yn gf) cfjf;u[x . > cfjfl;s lj) cfj
f;sf] cfjf;;DaGwL . cfjf;Lo lj) lgot :yfgd} a;] sfd ug]{ v6fPsf] 7fpFdf lglZrt cjlw;
Dd xg] . cfjfxs lj) [;+)] k|ltdf, d"lt{ cflbdf dGqff b]jb]jLsf] k|f0fk|lti7f ug]{ cf
g ug]{ af]nfpg] 8fSg] . > cfjfxg gf) != k"hfcfhfdf b]jtfxnfO{ af]nfpg ulg] dGqo'Qm k|
fy{gf k"mncIftf r9fP b]jb]jLnfO{ af]nfpg] sfd . @= cfXjfg lgdGq0f af]nfx6 . cflj4 lj
;+)] vf]lkPsf] f]lkPsf] Kjfn kflPsf] 5]l8Psf] . cfljef{jcfljef{jg gf) [;+)] != pTklQ
f k|s6 . @= gofF j:t'sf] pTkfbg cfljisf . #= ;fd' b]lvg] sfo{ aflx { lj) != k}bf b[Zo
kdf k|s6 x'g] sfd . > cflje"t ePsf] pTkGg . @= aflx b[Zo kdf cfPsf] lg:s]sf] . #= cl
JoQm k|s6 ePsf] . cfljis0f gf) [;+)] gofFgofF l;4fGtx kQf nufpg] sfd gofFgofF j:t'xsf
pTkfbg cfljisf . cfljistf{ lj) [;+)] gofFgofF l;4fGt j:t'x k}bf ug]{ cfljisf ug]{
ufpg] . cfljisf lj) [;+)] gofF l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbg gofFgofF j:t'sf] pTkfbg cfljis0f .
cfljisfs lj) cfljisf ug]{ cfljistf{ . cfljis[t lj) cfljisf ulPsf] gofFgofF l;4fGt
'xsf] kQf nufOPsf] . cflji6 lj) [;+)] != cfj]zdf cfPsf] hf]; r9]sf] pQ]lht . @= e"tk|
]t cflb nfu]sf] dGqtGqaf6 jz ulPsf] . cfj[t lj) [;+)] != 5f]lkPsf] 9flsPsf] . @= a]l
x|Psf] 3]lPsf] . #= 5]lsPsf] aflPsf] . cfj[Q lj) [;+)] != bf]xf]ofOPsf] 8ANofOPsf] .
lFufOPsf] 3'dfOPsf] . #= kmsf{OPsf] . > cfj[lQ gf) != s'g} kf7 jf dGq cflb cfBf]kf
Gt k9\g] lqmofk|lqmof s'g} kf7 jf dGqsf]
112

;'?b]lv cGt;Ddsf] jfrg . @= s'g} s'fdf afDaf ulg] cEof; bf]xf]ofpg] sfd . #= k':tssf]
d'b|0f jf k|sfzg ;+:s0f k'gM ;+:s0f . ~ bLks gf) bLks cn\sfdf wd{nfO{ k6sk6s bf]xf]
x'g] Ps cn\sf . cfj[li6 gf) [;+)] kfgL kg]{ sfd emL jiff{ . cfj]u gf) [;+)] != s'g}
jf c;n sfdsf] k|ltlqmof tyf k|efjn] cs:dft\ dgdf p7\g] ;xh k|jl[ Q jf ljs[lt emf
]s dgf]ljsf . @= dfgl;s pQ]hgfsf] k|efjn] ulPsf] sfd . #= dgsf] c;fdfGo cj:yf r]tgdf
ly k]sf] cr]tgsf] k|e'Tj . $= pTkft cflbaf6 x'g] x8a8L cflbnfO{ a'emfpg] JolerfL e
fjsf] Ps e]b . ~ hfn gf) dgdf pAhg] cfj]uxsf] ;d"x dgf]ljsf . cfj]bs lj) [;+)] != s'g
} ;+:yf, sfof{no jf JolQm5]p hflu cflbsf] dfu u] kq n]Vg] . @= cfj]bg ug]{ laGtLkq l
bg] lgj]bs k|fyL{ . #= dfu ug]{ csf]{ ;+:yf jf sfof{no cflbaf6 ;'ljwf rfxg] . cfj]b
g gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfd ufOkfpg n]lvPsf] cg'f]wkq bvf{:t lgj]bg . @= k|fy{gf cg'f]w
Lkq . ~ kq gf) lgj]bgkq k|fy{gfkq . cfj]z gf) [;+)] != s'g} afXo k|efjaf6 dgdf cfpg
] k|lqmof dgsf] k|an j]u emf]s hf]; . @= c;fdfGo dgMl:ylt cr]tg dgsf] k|efj . #= k|j
z ] k:g] sfd . $= e"tk|t ] cflbsf] c; tGqdf]xgL cflbsf] k|efj . cfj]i6g gf) [;+)] !=
sk8f cflbn] s'g} j:t'nfO{ a]g{] jf nk]6g \ ] sfd 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] sfo{ . @= a]g{]
jf nk]6g \ ] j:t' af;f vf]n a]7g 9Ssg . cfj]li6t lj) [;+)] cfj]i6g ulPsf] . cfj|hg g
[;+)] != Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;f]af; ;g]{ sfd cfk|jf; a;fOF . @= ;GGof; ufx{:Yoh
Ljg 5f8] lzvf;"q Tofu uL rf}yf] cf>dsf] lgod kfng ug]{ sfd . cfz+;f gf) [;+)] != pd
]b cfzf . @= z\sf ;Gb]x b'lawf . #= OR5f sfdgf . $= k|z+;f tflkm . %= ;Ddfg cfb .
;t lj) cfz+;f ulPsf] . cfzs gf)x]) cf;s . cfzQm lj) [;+)] zlQmzfnL ;dy{ h] klg ug{ ;S
] . > cfzlQm gf) ;fdYo{ an a'tf zlQm . cfz\sf gf) [;+)] != b'ljwf z\sf ;Gb]x . @=
gi6 sfds'fsf] ;Defjgfn] k}bf x'g] 8 s'g} clgi6 kl0ffdsf] ;DefJotf . > cfz\lst lj) cf
ulPsf] ;Gb]xo'St . cfz\sL lj) z\sf ug]{ z\sfn' . cfzo gf) [;+)] != efj dtna tfTk
R5f sfdgf . #= p2]Zo lgot . $= u"9 clek|fo . cfzf gf) [;+)] != rfx]sf] j:t' kfpg] O
R5f clenfiff rfxgf . @= nf]e nfnr . sfL lj) cf;] afgL ePsf] . ~ v]tL gf) cfzf g} v]
sf;] j[lQ . hgs gf)

113

cflzif\cf;lGbsf x]sf] z0fdf afFr]sf] . ~ pkjfSo gf) Jofs0fcg';f ld> jfSosf] d'Vo pkj
afx]s csf]{ c\u pkjfSo hf], h'g cflb ;+of]hsdfkm{t d'Vo pkjfSo;Fu ;DalGwt xg] jfSof
+z . cflZni6 lj) [;+)] != csf]{ j:t';Fu} ufFl;Psf] hf]l8Psf] 6fFl;Psf] . @= cfln\ug
u]sf] cFufnf] xfn]sf] hf]lN6Psf] . cfZn]ifcfZn]if0f gf) [;+)] != Pscsf{;Fu ufFl;g] sf
6fF:g] sfd hf]8 . @= c\sdfn cfln\ug cFufnf] . cfZj:t lj) [;+)] != rfx]sf] s'f k"f u
jrg kfPsf] cfZjf;g ldn]sf] eljZjf; kfPsf] cfzfk|fKt . @= 8, qf;, z\sf, lrGtf cflbaf6
'St . cfZjf;cfZjf;g gf) [;+)] != ;f; km]g{] sfd kmf]S;fn] jfo' leq tfGg] k|lqmof .
@= ef];f kTof ljZjf; e . #= 7"nfa8faf6 lbOg] cf8ef];f ceobfg . > cfZjf;L lj) != cf
bP dg zfGt agfpg] ;Demfpg] . @= cfZjf;gsf] edf afFRg rfxg] cfgf] a'l4au{t s]xL gePsf]
. cflZjg gf) [;+)] ljqmd ;+jt\sf] jflif{s ;doqmddf j}zfvb]lv uGbf cfpg] 5}6f}F d
lxgf clZjgL gIfqn] o'Qm ePsf] k"l0f{df x'g] dlxgf c;f}h . cfiff9 gf) [;+)] ljqmd ;+
jt\sf] jflif{s ;doqmddf j}zfvb]lv uGbf cfpg] t];|f] dlxgf cfiff9f gIfqn] o'Qm k"l
0f{df ePsf] dlxgf c;f . > cfiff9f gf) clZjgL cflb ;QfO; gIfqdWo] aL;f}F PSsfO;f}F g
Ifq k"jf{iff9f pQfiff9f gIfqsf] ;+o'Qm gfd . cfiff9L gf) cfiff9f gIfqn] o'St ePsf]
cfiff9 z'Sn k"l0f{df . cf; gf) [;+)] cfzf clenfiff . cf;s gf) [c) cflzs] != k|d ] u
g]{ JolQm k|d ] L cfzs . @= k|]d k|0fo cg'fu . cf;St lj) [;+)] != s'g} sfdsf nflu dl
g \ ] s'g} ljifodf PslrQ eP nfu]sf] tNnLg nUu" . @= nf]enfnrdf gfd|f];Fu km:g] nfnrL
em . > cf;lSt gf) != s'g} sfdljz]ifdf Ps; eP nfUg] efj cf;St aGg] k|s[lt k|nf]eg . @=
cg'fu k|]d . cf;lQ gf) [;+)] != glhssf] efj lgs6tf ;fdLKo . @= nfe k|flKt . #= jfSo
"f ug{sf nflu rflxg] tLg tj (of]Uotf, cfsf\Iff cf;lQ) dWo] Ps . cf;g! gf) [;+) czgf]
!= Ps k|sfsf] ;fnsf] v kLt ;fn kx]Fnf] j0f{sf] s8f sf7 c;gf . @= ;fh . cf;g@ gf) [;+
] != xg] jf a:g] 7fpF jf;:yfg . @= al;g] j:t' (cf;gL, d]r, s'rL{ cflb) . #= a:g] t
lsf jf 9fFrf a;fO . $= cf;gsf kf;g, l;4f;g cflb rf}f;L k|sf . > cf;gL gf) != ;GWof]kf
gf, dGqhk, kf7, k"hf cflb ubf{ cf]5fOg] s'z jf d[urd{ cflbsf] ;fwg s'zf;g d[urd{ .
@= a:gf}6f] . cf;lGbsf gf) [;+)] != l;+xf;gsf] cufl8 tnlt kfp

cf;nfUbf] . > cfzftLt lj) cfzf ulPsf] eGbf a9\tf ;f]Rb} g;f]r]sf] . cfzflGjt lj) cfz
fn] o'St ePsf] cfzfjfg\ . d'vL lj) cf; ug]{ csf{sf] edf dfq hLjg wfGg] . jfb gf) e
osf] cfzf jf ;'vk|flKtdf ljZjf; ug]{ ljrf jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) cfzfjfbsf] cg'ofoL c
f;] afgL ePsf] . cflzif\ gf) [;+)] k|foM dfGohgaf6 lbOg] z'esfdgf cfzLjf{b cfl;s .
cfzLj{ r gcfzLjf{ b gf) [;+ ) ] != k| f oM dfGohgn] cfk"mdlGtsfsf] ;kmntf jf sNof0
fsf] sfdgfn] k|s6 ug]{ z'eR ] 5f . @= a|fXd0fju{af6 ohdfgsf] pGgltsf nflu dGq k9
] lbOg] z'esfdgf cflzif\ . cfz' lj) [;+)] rfF8f] t'?Gt l56f] . slj lj) != l56f]l56f
ljtf Rg ;Sg] -slj_ . gf) @= s'g} b[Zo jf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn sljtfdo efiffdf j0f{g ug]
{ slj . tf]if lj) != rfF8} g} ;Gt'i6 x'g] . gf) @= dxfb]j . kq gf) l56f] uL k7fOg]
kq h?L lr7L . lnlks lj) l56f]l56f] n]Vg ;Sg] . cfzf}r gf) [;+)] != hGdbf jf dbf{ ;uf
]qL bfh'efO glhssf gft]bfnfO{ lglZrt cjlw;Dd nfUg] cz'l4 ;"ts ;'Ts]f] h'7f] . @= afa
cfdfsf] d[To'kl5 5f]fnfO{ jif{ lbg;Dd nfUg] cz'l4 avL . > cfzf}rL lj) h'7f] jf ;"ts
k]sf] cfzf}r nfu]sf] jf af]sf] . cfZro{ gf) [;+)] != gofF cgf}7f cb\et ' j:t' jf b[Z
b]Vbf dgdf p7\g] efj cf;h]{ pb]s . lj) @= cgf}7f] ] tfh'anfUbf] . ~ rlst lj) cgf}7f
] j:t' jf b[Zo b]v b\u k]sf] pb]sdf k]sf] . e"t lj) cfZro{df k]sf] . > cfZrlo{t l
. cf>d gf) [;+)] != k|frLg Clifd'lgxn] a:gsf lglDt k|foM h\undf agfPsf] cfjf; s'6L u
'kmf . @= ;dflw jf tk:of ug]{ 7fpF tkf]jg . #= a|Xdro{, ufx{:Yo, jfgk|:y ;GGof;gf
ds j0ff{>ddWo] s'g} Pssf] cf>o:yn . $= lxGb" ;+:s[ltcg';f rf j0ff{>dwd{dWo] cfo'sf
] ljefhgaf6 u|x0f ulg] hLjgk|lqmofljz]if Ps k|sfsf] hLjgrof{ . ~ wd{ gf) a|Xdro{, uf
x{:Yo, jfgk|:y ;GGof;gfds rf} j0ff{>dsf JolStxn] kfng ug'{kg]{ wd{ . ~ e|i6 lj) cfgf
] j0ff{>ddf xFbf lgodfg';f wd{sf] kfng gug]{ cf>dwd{af6 kltt . jf;L lj) cf>dsf] wd{k
fngf u] a:g] . > cf>dL lj) cfgf] cf>dwd{sf] cg's"n cfr0f ug]{ cf>djf;L . cf>o gf) [
!= s'g} j:t' jf ;+IfsTj k|bfg u] lbOg] d2t ;xff cfwf 6]sf] . @= lj>fd ug]{ 7fpF la
]t . #= z0ffyL{xsf] a:g] 7fpF Ifl0fs cfjf; . $= 3 . %= e cf8 ef];f . bftf gf) cf
olSt . > cf>oL lj) ;xff rfxg] cf>o lng] cf>odf x]sf] . cfl>t lj) [;+)] d2t kfPsf] cf
f x]sf] ;xffdf

cf;GbLcf:yf c8fpg flvg] ;fgf] rf}sL jf cf;g kfpbfg kfbkL7 . @= lqkfO{ ;fgf] vfnsf] s'
L{ . cf;GbL gf) [;+)] != nrsbf d]r cffd s';L{ u2f ePsf] s';L{ sf}r ;f]kmf . @= cf;g
L . cf;Gg lj) [;+)] != cfOk]sf] glhsdf x]sf] lgs6jtL{ . @= j:t'tYosf] glhs k'u]sf] of
fly{s . ~ sfn lj) != ;do cfOk'u]sf] glhssf ;dosf] . gf) @= dg]{ cj:yf cGTo l:ylt .
~ sf]0f gf) Hofldltcg';f s'g} Ps sf]0f;Fu hf]l8Psf] csf]{ sf]0f Ps ;n ]vfdfly v8f ulP
f ]vfxaf6 ag]sf b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L sf]0f . ~ k|;jf lj) ;fFemlaxfg ePsL bf]lhof .
~ eljiot\ gf) Jofs0fcg';f jt{dfgsf] ;lGgs6df x]sf] eljiot\ tTsfnsf] eljiot\ ;dLk:y e
jiot\ . ~ e"t lj) Jofs0fcg';f ctLtsf lqmofsf] k"0f{tf jt{dfgsf] ;fdLKo b]vfpg] e"ts
flns lqmof . ~ d[To' gf) != glhs} cfOk'us ] f] d[To' . lj) @= l56} dg{ nfu]sf] d0ff
;Gg . cf;kf; lqm) lj) [k|f) c:;
k:;] != glhsdf jk cunaun glhsk'F8f] pF8f]k'F8f] .
= glhssf] ynf] jksf] 7fpF . cf;dfg gf) [kmf) cf;dfg] != csf; cfsfz . @= :ju{ b]jnf]s
> cf;dfgL lj) != cf;dfgL \usf] csf;] sf] . gf) @= csf;] . cf;d'b | lqm) lj) [;+)
;Dd ;d'b|ko{Gt . cf;f gf) [;+) cf>o] != cf8ef];f cf>o cf;|f cfwf ;xff . @= cfzf
[;+) cfZro{] cfZro{ 5Ss . cf;j gf) [;+)] != kmnk"mn, h8La'6L cflbsf] ;f lems] cf}if
wLsf nflu agfOPsf] S;L . @= S;L dlbf cs{ . cf;f gf) [;+) cf>o > cf;|f] != 9fn, sjr cf
bsf] aLrdf hl8Psf] 6fFsh:tf] k"mnL jf sLnf] . @= cf;fu'hf{ . v08 gf) d6fg . u'hf{
gf) fhfdxffhfxsf] ;jfL jf pT;j cflbdf rf]abfxn] cl3cl3 lnP lxF8\g] ;'grfFbLsf] b08
rXg . cf;fd lj) [;+) c;d\] g]kfnLxsf] lgs} ;\Vofdf a;f]af;f] ePsf], eftsf] k"jf]{Qdf
l:yt Ps fHo . > cf;fdL != cf;fd k|b]zsf] cf;fddf a:g] . gf) @= cf;fd k|b]zsf] :yfgL
o efiff (c;ldof) jf hflt . cf;fdL gf) [c) c;fdL] C0f lng] JolSt shf{bf c;fdL . cfl;s
gf) [;+) cflzif\] cfzLjf{b cflzif\ . cfl;St lj) [;+)] ;]rg ulPsf] clelifSt . cfl; gf)
[c\) cl:6r] Hofb} nfDrf] uw{g x'g] k|foM d?e"lddf kfOg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] rf] ;'t'd'u
cf;Lg lj) [;+)] a;f]af; u]sf] kn]F6L df]sf] a;]sf] . cf;' lj) [;+)] c;';DaGwL c;'
;'L lj) [;+)] != bfgjL b}To;DaGwL cf;' . gf) @=
114

bfgjL c;'kTgL . ~ lrlsT;f gf) lrkmfff ulg] lrlsT;f zNolrlsT;f . ~ ljjfx gf) s]6fs
6 s]6LnfO{ kfNg] saf]ncg';f afa'cfdf jf ;+IfsnfO{ k};f lbO{ ulg] ljjfx kf]N6] ljjfx a
lrPsL sGof;Fu ulg] ljjfx . ~ ;Dkt\ gf) != s'sd{af6 sdfPsf] wg;DklQ cGofoaf6 cflh{t w
g sfnf] wg . @= JolQmdf xg] bDe, bk{, cledfg, qmf]w, kf?io c1fgh:tf gfd|f efjxdWo] s
'g} Ps . cf;] lj) [cf; P] != cfgf] s]xL x'tL geO{ csf{sf] edf afFRg] cf; ug]{ cfzfd'
L . gf) @= ljb]l;Psf] kf]O kms]{ cfpg] cf;df e'mlG8PsL :qL cf;] fF8 . ~ uf;] lj) != c
f;n] wfpg] ufF;sf] cf;f ug]{ s]xL kfpg] cf;fdf lgDtf?sf kl5 nfuL cfpg] . gf) @= To
:tf] JolSt . cf;] ufF;] ;a} Ps}gf;] (pvfg) . cf;]kf;]! gf) [g]jf)] sfds'f] kG5fpg u
lg] cfn6fn cNofdNof . cf;]kf;]@ lj) [cf;kf;
P] != s]xL xf]nf jf kfOPnf eGg] cf;df e'
lG8g] kd'vfk]IfL . gf) @= cunaundf x]sf lgd'vf ulax . #= d"n b]jLb]jtfsf cg'r;]jsx
"tk|]t jf af]S;L8\lsgLx . cf;] f8cf;] f8L gf) [cf;] fF8L] a]kQf ePsf] klt kms]
]sL :qL -x]o_ . " ff . cf;]jg gf) [;+)] != nuftf ulg] ;]jf6xn ;]jfz'>i @= dg nufP pT
sf ;fy s'g} sfd afaf bf]xf]ofP ug]{ k|lqmof . cf;]jL lj) [;+)] cfgf] x'Fbf] ;Dem] ;
ug]{ dg nufP ;]jfz'>"iff ug]{ . cf:t0f gf) [;+)] != km}nfpg] sfd lkmFhfpg] k|lqmof .
@= s'g} sk8f cflb cf]5fpg] sfd . #= tGgf la5f}gf . $= o1j]bLdf rf}lt cf]5fOg] s'z .
:ts lj) [;+)] != knf]ssf] cl:tTj dfGg] knf]sdf >4f jf cf:yf fVg] . @= j]b, O{Zj, k"j{
Gd, knf]s khGd cflbdf ljZjf; fVg] O{ZjjfbL . tf gf) != cfl:ts aGg] efj jf l:ylt
f:yf fVg] k|s[lt . > cfl:tSo gf) cfl:ts u'0f jf wd{ . cf:t] lqm) lj) [kmf) cflx:t]
s]xL xtf guLsg la:tf} . ~ cf:t] lqm) lj) la:tfla:tf} . cf:yug gf) [;+)] ;jf]R { r
;+ljwfgsf] s'g} wff jf sfg'gsf] s'g} bkmf cflb s]xL ;dosf nflu lgliqmo agfpg] sf
d s'g} sfg'gL lgodljlgod cflbsf] rngrNtLnfO{ f]Sg] sfd . cf:yf gf) [;+)] != lbn}b]lv
hfu]sf] ;Ddfg >4f cv08 ljZjf; . @= ljZjf; kTof . #= ;xff cfnDag ef];f . lxt lj
Psf] ljZjf;xLg . @= b]vfj6L cGwefjgfn] o'St . jfg\ lj) != ljZjf; jf cf:yf ePsf] ;Ddf
g ug]{ . @= ;b\efjgfn] o'St ;Hhg . xLg

115

cfl:ytcfXjfg dfqf (pbf) cfhsfn lafdLsf] cfxff 36\b} uPsf] 5) . cfxfl; gf) O{iof{ 8fx
9 . > cfxfl;] lj) 8fxf ug]{ O{iof{n' c kmn]k'mn]sf] jf ;d[4 ePsf] b]Vg g;Sg] . cfxfl:
fO gf) cfxfl;] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . cfxfL lj) [;+)] != cfxff ug]{ ef]hg ug]{ vfg]
hah:tL lng] clwu|x0f ug]{ . cfxfo{ lj) [;+)] != lng ;'xfpg] u|x0f ug{ of]Uo . @= vf
g x'g] vfB . #= gf6zf:qsf cg';f j]ze"iff, cfe"if0f cflbff ;DkGg ulg] (clego) . cfxfn
) [;+) cfvft] != e}F;L, fFuf], ;'Fu' cflb 8'Ag] jf v]Ng] kfgLkf]vL . @= e}F;L cflbn
] bnbn] kf]vL jf gbLdf 8'Ag] jf a:g] sfd . cfx[t lj) [;+)] != xjg ulPsf] clUgdf r9fO
Psf] b]jtfnfO{ ;'lDkPsf] . gf) @= cltlycEofutnfO{ lbOg] ef]hg . #= kfFr dxfo1dWo]
Ps . cfx'lt gf) != clUgdf xjg ug]{ ;fdu|L xf]d ug{ 6So|fOPsf] r?, kfo;, l3p cflb xl
j . @= clUgdf xjg ug]{ sfd xjg aln . cfx"t lj) [;+)] != >4fsf ;fy 8flsPsf] af]nfOPsf
] cfjfxg ulPsf] . @= lgDTofOPsf] lgDtf] ulPsf] lgdlGqt . #= xfFs ulPsf] . cft lj) [
!= x0f u] NofOPsf] . @= x0f u] nluPsf] . #= n'l6Psf] vf]l;Psf] . cflXgs lj) [;+)] !
bgsf] k|ltlbgsf] b}lgs . gf) @= Ps lbgdf ulg] sfd lgTo sd{ . #= cWoog k9fO . cfx|L gf
x]) cf/L@ . cfx|f] gf)x]) cf/f] . cfXnfb gf) [;+)] ceLi6 j:t'sf] k|flKtaf6 dgdf p7
\g] v'l;ofnL cfgGb xif{ ;Gtf]ifk"0f{ t[lKt . > cfXnfbs lj) cfgGb lbg] xif{ ufpg] dg
Gg kfg]{ . cfXnfbg gf) v';L kfg]{ sfd, cfgGb lbg] sfd . cfXnflbt lj) cfXnfbo'Qm xli
f{t k|;Gg . cfXnfbL lj) v';L x'g] cfgGbL . cfXjfg gf) [;+)] != af]nfpg] sfd cfdGq0f .
@= k|fy{gf clkn . #= ;sfaf6 sfof{nodf af]nfpg] sfd . ~ kq gf) != cfcbfntdf pkl:yt x'
g ] cfb] z ;dg Otnfogfdf . @= o'4df ulPsf] af]nfx6 . uLt gf) != s;}nfO{ ;Daf]wg u]
]lvPsf] uLt . @= s;}sf] cfXjfg u] n]lvPsf] uLt . #= uLltsljtfsf] Ps k|sf .

lj) cf:yf gePsf] cf:yfz"Go . cfl:yt lj) [;+)] != x]sf] a;]sf] cjl:yt . @= ;xff kfPsf]
fwf ePsf] cf8 lnPsf] . cf:kb gf) [;+)] != 7fpF :yfg cf;g . @= kb bhf{ . #= y pkflw
$= ePsf] jf x'g] (nHhf:kb, 3[0ff:kb, xf:of:kb O)) . ' c) lqm) != cf;|f gf) [;+)]
cf>o cfwf e . > cfl;|g cf>o jf cf;|fdf xg' . @= k]6df aRrf xg' ;fxf hfg' ue{ xg'
|fO gf) cfl;|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . cf:jfb gf) [;+)] != if8\;dWo] s'g} ;sf] rj{0f . @
= ;kfgaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfgGbfg'e"lt ;f:jfbg . #= rfVg] sfd rvfO . $= z[u \ f cflb ;flxl
os ;xsf] pkef]u cflTds t[lKt . > cf:jfbs lj) cf:jfb lng] rfVg] ;sf] rj{0f ug]{ . cf:
g gf) cf:jfb . cf:jfbgLo lj) :jfb lng nfos cf:jfbof]Uo . cf:jflbt lj) :jfb lnOPsf] rf
lvPsf] . cf:jfB lj) != cf:jfb lng ;lsg] . @= cf:jfb of]Uo rfVg nfos cf:jfbgLo . #=
rlvnf] :jflbnf] . cfx lj) af]) [;+) cxx] != s'g} b'Mvsi6 afwf cfOkbf{ cgfof; d'vaf
6 k|s6 x'g] zAb ckm;f]; a'emfpg] Wjlg ;':s]f lgZjf; . gf) @= Joyf ax kL8f . cfxt lj)
+)] != 3g, b08 cflbn] 76fOPsf] lkl6Psf] lynlylnPsf] . @= s'g} b'36 { gf cflbdf k] rf
]6k6s nfu]sf] jf c\ue\u ePsf] 3fOt] 3fon . gf) #= 7f]s] ahfOg] afhfljz]if (9f]n, dfbn
O)) . ~ d'b|f gf) 5fk jf s'g} lrXg nfu]sf] d'b|f . cfxf lj) af]) [;+) cxx] cfZro{
, xif{, lj:do cflbsf cfsl:ds l:yltdf lg:sg] zAb cxx . cfxfg gf) [;+) cfVofg] pvfg,
6'Ssf nf]sf]lQm cflbsf] k'li6sf nflu ;'gfOg] cToGt 5f]6f nf]ssyf b[i6fGtd"ns ;fgf
syf . cfxf gf) [;+)] != vfOg] j:t' vfg]s'f] vfB kbfy{ . @= Nofpg] sfd cfbfg . ~ hfxf
) != ;;fdfg dfndQf lem6Lld6L . @= cfnafn l;;f]af;f] . ~ lj1fg gf) vfB j:t'sf] u'0fbf]
fsf] lgk0f ug]{ zf:q . ~ ljxf gf) vfgkfg kykx]h xg;xg . ~ zf:q gf) cfxflj1fg . ' f
rfr'?\uLsf] cfxff gf) [;+) cfxf] != cfxf vfg]s bfgf rff] . #= kz'sf] vfB kbfy{ b
lgs vfBj:t'sf]

OOR5f
116

O
O b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :j/j0f{dWo] t];f| ] :j/j0f{ k/Dkfut
kdf tfnJo:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g,] x|:j :j/j0f{ dflgPsf] / efifflj1fgcg';f cu|, aGb, c
uf]lnt :jj0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] :j/j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . Ohf gf) [c) OhfaGb]
nf] w8df nufOg] ;'?jfn, kfOhfdf, k]6Lsf]6 cflb n'ufnfO{ sddf c8fpg tL n'ufsf] dfly
Nnf] efudf x]sf] g]kmfsf] Kjfn3leq l5fO{ To;sf bfofFafofF hf]8 ] ;'sf{pgL kfL afFlwg]
8f]f] Ohf . ~ 3 gf) ;'?jfn, kfOhfdf cflb n'ufnfO{ sddf afFWg tL n'ufsf] g]kmfdf bf]Ao
fO{ l;O{ OFhf xfNg agfOPsf] Kjfn . O6 gf) [;+) Oi6sf] != d'5]sf] lunf] df6f] OF6 kf
g]{ ;fFrf]df 9fn] kl5 3fddf ;'sfO{ cjfn, ef cflbdf kf]n] tof kflg] rfkf6] nfDrf] vfns
], 3 agfpg] ;fwg OF6f . @= tf;sf rf
dWo] ftf]
sf] rfs'g] a'f jf cfsf . O6f gf)
. ~ 6fon sfvfgf gf) OF6, 6fon, lemFu6L cflbsf] cefj x6fpg] fli6o jf:t'snfsf] dxj;d]t
a9fpg] nIon] klxn] nlntk'sf] xll;l4 tyf kl5 eQmk'sf] ;"o{ljgfosdf :yflkt k|l;4 sfvfg
f . OM lj) af]) != lrQ ga'bf] s'f ubf{ lx::ofP xLg efj k|s6 ug]{ uL k|of]u ulg] zAb .
(pbf) OM, s] v'NSofpF5f} ltdLn] ) . @= nf]Kkf v'jfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . -OM vfnf;\
l;Q}Fdf _ . Osf gf) [c)] sa'n k|lt1f x]) sf . Osf gf) [;+)] :jj0f{sf] O cIf
. Oqmf gf) 3sf] uff]sf] ;f l;d]G6 ug{ ldNg] uL afF;sf ef6faf6 tof ulg] 6f6L . OIf'
[;+)] pv' . dtL gf) sf7df8f}Fsf ?b|dtL lji0f'dtLsf aLr efudf aUg] xfnsf] 6's'rf vf]
nfsf] k'fgf] ;f+:s[lts gfd . { z + sf OIjfs' gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f j}j:jt dg'sf 5f]f ;
oj klxnf k|l;4 fhf . Ov gf) [k|f) OSv] != csf] nfUg] jrg ;'g] jf c JolQm ag]sf] jf ;k
|s ] f] b]v ] ghflgFbf] lsl;dn] dgdf p7\g] 8fxf k|ltzf]wsf efjgfn] dgdf p7\g] ]if .
@= l;, OaL . > Ovfn' lj) != O{v ePsf] O{iof{n' . @= 8fxf ug]{ 8flxNnf] . #= s;}n] c
fk"mnfO{ lxofP jf ckdflgt u]df To;sf] O{v lnO{ s]xL u] b]vfpg] cfTd;
\sNk fVg] . Olvg'
) lqm) [O{v O
g'] s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ lxofP jf ckdflgt ud ] f s]xL u] b]vfpg] dfgl;s c7
f]6 ug]{ efj jf sfd . (pbf) kl08t lkt[k; | fbsf s6' jrgn] n]vgfy OlvP kl5 7"nf sl
j ag] .) . > OVofO gf) Olvg] jf OVofpg] efj jf lqmof . OVofOg' c) lqm) OVofpg] sfd
ulg' . OVofpg' k|]) lqm) Olvg] kfg'{ nf]Eofpg' . O\u k|To) gfdzAbsf kl5lNt ufFl;P
If'b|tf jf t'R5tfsf] cy{ a'emfpg] tl4tk|Too (kft O\u klt\u cflb) . O\un k|To) gf
l5lNt ufFl;O{ ljz]if cy{ a'emfpg] tl4tk|Too (sfFrf]
O\un slr\un, dfyf
O\un dly
) . O\unf gf) [;+)] of]uzf:qcg';f gfssf] afofF Kjfnaf6 Zjf; leqaflx ufpg] gf8L O{8f
L . (lk\unfsf] pRrf0f;fb[Zodf) . O\uNofG8 gf) [c\)] a]nfot . O\lut gf) [;+)] != zL
usf xfpefp r]i6faf6 dgsf] efj k|s6 ug]{ sfd ;\s]t O;ff . lj) @= ;\s]t ulPsf] ;\s]
lUn; gf) [c\)] x]) c\u|]hL . Or\u ' gf) [g]jf)] sf7df8f}F gub]lv klZrd lbzfdf x]sf]
gfdsf gffo0fsf] dlGbn] ubf{ k|l;4 ePsf] 7fpF sf7df8f}+ pkTosfsf rf gffo0fdWo] Ps . ~
gffo0f gf) rf gffo0fdWo] Or\u'df x]sf Ps gffo0f . Ornf gf) != v]tsf] rf}lt kfgL
Psf] s]xL cUnf] l8n cfnL v]tsf] cfF7f] . @= cfFrn . Orf gf) [g]jf)] r'Rrf] af\uf] eP
sf] 8]9 k'm6hlt nfdf], wft'sf efF8fxsf] lgdf{0f ubf{ k|of]u ulg] Ps vfnsf] Hofan .
OR5f gf) [;+)] != s'g} rLhsf] k|flKt, ;d[l4, Ifo, x|f; cflbaf] dgdf nfUg] cfzf o:t
f] xf];\, p:tf] xf];\ eGg] s'fsf] cfGtls sNkgf sfdgf clenfiff . @= rfxgf nfn;f . > OR
5fwLg lj) OR5fdf c8]sf] jf x]sf] OR5fd'tflassf] f]hL5f8L P]lR5s . OR5fg'k lj) rfxgf
f] eg]h:tf] . ~ kq gf) fhLv';Ln] cfgf] clwsfdf x]sf] rncrn ;DklQ c s'g} klg JolQmn]
g] uL n]lvlbPsf] sfut . ~ ef]hg gf) rfx]adf]lhdsf] ef]hg dgdflkmssf] vfgf . OlR5t lj
) OR5f ulPsf] lrtfOPsf] jfl~5t . OlR5g' c) lqm) cfgf] clwsfsf] s'g} dfntfn c s;}nfO{
g] OR5f x'g' .

117

OR5'Olt O6fnL gf) o'f]k dxfLksf] blIf0fL efudf e"dWo;fusf] lsgffdf cjl:yt, f]ddf fh
]sf] Ps b]z . > O6fn]nL lj) != O6fnL b]z;Fu ;DalGwt O6fnL b]zsf] afl;Gbf O6fnLdf ag
] s f] . gf) @= eff] k ] n L efiffkljflleqsf] Ps zfvf . O8nL gf) [d)] rfdnsf kL7fsf]
8Nnf] kfL agfOg] Ps k|sfsf] blIf0feftLo vfB kbfy{ . O8f gf) [;+)] != zLsf lk7"Fsf] a
ofFklaf6 gfs;Dd uPsf] gf8L gf8Lsf tLg e]b O8f, lk\unf, ;'if'DgfdWo] klxnf] . @= j}j:
jt dg'sL sfG5L fgL . Ot lj) [;+)] != csf]{ bf];|f] cGo leGg . @= cltlSt afx]s . #=
gfd zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;O{ ;f]eGbf cGo, leGg, afx]s jf cltlSt cflb cy{ a'emfpg] zAb
. (pbf) g]kfnL efiffdf ;flxTo]t u|Gyx klg k|z:t 5g\) . lat lqm) lj) s'g} s'f jf j:t
ojl:yt kdf gxL l5nlan jf 5k':6 x'gfsf] lsl;d lttlat . Otlg' c) lqm) [OQf] O
f k|]dLk|]ldsfsf aLr cfk;df xfF;v]n jf Vofn7f ug'{ l5lNng' lhl:sg' lulHhg' . @= rflx
Fbf]grflxFbf] lsl;dn] cf;s jf nf8] eP rNg' jf s'f ug'{ . Ot]t cJo) [;+)] != k:k Psc
cfk;df cfk"m cfk"mdf cGof]Go . @= G ;df;sf ljleGg e]bdWo] of] Tof] eGg] cy{ a'em
]b (fd nId0f fdnId0f, bfh' efO bfh'efO O)) . ~ of]u gf) Ot]t G ;df; . OtofO
Otlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] OtofOg' s) lqm) Otlg nfOg' . Otofpg' k|) ] lqm)
tlg nfpg' lh:Sofpg' . Otnfogfdf gf) [c) OQnfgfdf] b]jfgL d'2fdf gfln; jf lkmfb k]kl5
k|ltjfbLnfO{ Dofbleq k|ltjfbL lbg cfpg" egL cbfntaf6 hfL ulg] ;"rgf jf k'hL{ ;dfXjf
g ;dg . Olt gf) [;+)] != kldf0f, lj:tf cflbsf] cGt cGTo cflvL . @= sfd k"f x'g] jf
cj:yf ;dflKt k"0f{tf 6'
\UofpgL . #= s'g} u|Gy jf u|Gysf] c+z n]v, rgf, sfuh cflbsf]
k'5fdf To;sf] ;dflKtsf] ;"rgf lbg k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) Olt tf]tfd}gfsf] syfsf] k
lxnf] efu ;dfKt . Olt ;+jt\ @)#* ;fn k'; & ut] f]h # z'ed\) . j[Q gf) != k'fgf] oyf
y{ syf lat]sf] ;To 36gf s'g} sfds'f h]h;L ePsf] xf] To;sf] k"0f{ ljj0f jf j[QfGt . @
]ltxfl;s j[QfGt Oltxf; >L gf) != ePesf] ;a} ;DklQ, sfdsfh jf cGo s'f vQd ePsf] jf 6'
uPsf] cj:yf ;dflKt :jfxf lgMz]iftf lgd"{ng .

OR5' lj) [;+)] OR5f ug]{ rfxgf ug]{ OR5's (k|foM zAbsf] kl5lNt ufFl;P k|o'Qm x'g], h:
t} z'e]R5', lxt]R5' O)) . > OR5's lj) OR5f ug]{ rfxgf ug]{ dg;'af ePsf] clenfifL cyL{
. OR5fOg' s) lqm) [OR5ffp O g'] OR5fpg] sfd xf]Og' . OR5fpg' ;) lqm) [OR5f
ofp
OR5f k|s6 ug'{ dgn] rfx]sf] s'f] vf]Ng' . @= cfgf xsleqsf] hfoh]yf jf rncrn ;DklQ fhL
v';Ln] csf{sf] xs x'g] uL lnvt ullbg' OR5fkq n]lvlbg' . #= cfgf] ;f6f] s'g} sfd ug{
jf cfk"mn] kfpg] s'g} s'f eGglng csf]{ JolQmnfO{ f]Hg' . Ohfon gf) [lxa|'] Pl;ofsf] k
lZrdL efudf cjl:yt, h]?;]nd fhwfgL ePsf], ox'bLxsf] :jtGq fi6 . > OhfonL lj) Ohfon b
f] Ohfon;DaGwL . Ohnf; gf) [c)] != d'2fdfldnfsf] sfd ug]{ Goflos lgsfo cbfnt Gofofno
rxL . @= d'2f ax; x'Fbf GofofwLz a:g] 7fpF a]Gr . #= ;ef a}7s . Ohxf gf) [c)] != cbfn
tn] ;f]w]sf ;jfn jf k|Zgsf] lnlvt jf df}lvs hjfkm cbfntdf lbOg] aofg . @= lkmfbkq p
h'Lkq gfln; . Ohxff gf) [c) Ohf] 7]Ssfkf 7]Ssf 7]s Ohff . Ohf gf) (vf; uL 8f]6L
nf]s;flxTodf k|rlnt) cfdf . Ohfht gf) [c)] != s'g} clVtofjfnf cf jf sfof{non] s'g}
sfds'fsf lglDt lbPsf] cg'dlt, cf1f, dGh'L jf :jLs[lt . @= nfO;]G; . ~ kq gf) s'g}
sfds'fsf lglDt ;DalGwt ;+:yfaf6 Ohfht lbOPsf] a]xf]f hgfO{ ;f] k|dfl0ft ulPsf] sfut
cg'dltkq nfO;]G; . ~ k|fKt lj) s'g} sfds'f, 7]Ssfkf cflbsf lglDt ;DalGwt cf jf sfof{n
oaf6 Ohfht kfPsf] . Ohf gf)x]) OFhf/ . Ohff gf) [c) Ohxff] != 7]s 7]Ssfkf . @= s'g}
u]afkt To;sf abnfdf Hofnf jf To:t} cGo s'g} s'f lbOg] aGbf]a:t . OHht gf) [c)] !=
;dfh jf ;DalGwt If]qaf6 lbOg] cfb dfg k|lti7f . @= x'd{t cfa? . bf lj) OHht sdfPsf]
tli7t ;Ddflgt . OHof gf) [;+)] != o1 xf]d xjg . @= wfld{s cg'i7fg . #= lxGb" wd{sf c
f7 c\u (OHof, cWoog, bfg, tk, ;To, w[lt, Ifdf cnf]e)dWo] klxnf] . O6frknL gf) k|frL
g g]kfncGtu{t sf7df8f}Fdf (xg'dfg 9f]sfdf) vsf jlkl OF6sf] ufx|f] nufO{ agfOPsf] Gof
los rf}tff] k'fgf] Gofoflws0f k|frLg kmf}hbfL cbfnt .

Oltxf;OGh]n @= s'g} u|Gy jf u|Gyf+zsf] k'5fdf ;f] ;dfKt ePsf] s'f hgfpg] zAb (====
Olt>L :sGbk'f0f] s]bf/v08] df3dxfTDo] === k|ydf]WofoM) . Oltxf; gf) [;+)] != ctLtsf
n jf ljut ;dosf 36gfxsf] j0f{g, ljZn]if0f d"Nof\sg ug]{ 1fgsf] Ps zfvf ctLtsf] cg';
Gwfg 5fglagdf cfwflt cWoog tT;DaGwL u|Gy . @= s'g} d'n's, hflt, ;+:yf, ljifo cflbs
f ctLtsf 36gfxsf] qmda4 j0f{g jf j[QfGt . #= ctLtsf ;fgf7"nf 36gfxsf] ;ff+z jf ljj0f
ctLtsf c;fwf0f tyf :d0fLo rlq cflbsf] j[QfGt jf ljj0f k'Vof}{nL . ~ ljb\j]Qf lj) Olt
sf] 1ftf . ~ lzf]dl0f gf) g]kfndf Oltxf;sf If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg lbPsf JolQmnfO{ fi
6sf tkm{af6 k|bfg ulg] Ps pkflw (:j) afa'fd cfrfo{nfO{ Oltxf;lzf]dl0fsf] pkflw lbOPs
lyof] .) . OQf] lj) [;+) pQ0f] nfh;d kr]sf] lhl:sg] jf l5lNng] gsRrf] y]Qf] . OTo
;+)] != of] o; k|sfsf o;afx]s cGo klg o:t} c klg cflb k|e[lt . @= nufot ;d]t . #=
]vfO jf af]nfOsf qmddf k|d'v s'fxsf] pNn]v uL To:t} k|sfsf cGo s'fsf] ;\s]t lbg k|o'Q
x'g] zAb (pbf) ;flxTodf sljtf, syf, pkGof; OToflb ljwf b]lvPsf 5g\ .) . Olqg' c)
lqm) x]) Otlg' . Oy gf) [c\)] != ;Dk"0f{ cfsfzdf JofKt ePsf] To;}af6 k|sfzsf ls0f k[
jLdf cfpg] kfbzL{ ;"Id tj . @= uGwssf] t]hfa dB;faf6 tof x'g] Ps f;folgs kbfy{ . Ob
[c) O{b] d';ndfgsf] Ps k|l;4 rf8 . Obufx gf) [c)] Obsf lbg ;a} d';ndfg e]nf eP gd
fh k9\g] 7fpF . ObldTyObldTyd\ gf) [;+) ObldTyd\] != of] s'f o:t} xf] jf o; s'fdf o;
} ug]{ eGg] lgSof}{n, lgwf] jf 7x c7f]6 clGtd 6'\uf] . @= 7]ufg txlssft . #= s'g} sfd
'fsf af]df o; cjlw;Dd o;f] gePdf o;f] ulg]5 egL lbOg] Dofb;lxtsf] clGtd r]tfjgL clN6
d]6d . (pbf) dhb'xff cfgf ;ft ;"qLo dfu Ps ;ftfleq k"f gePdf x8tfn ug]{ ObldTyd\ lbO
] va 5 .) . Og;f]n gf) [c\)] h'Qfleqsf] tn'jf h'Qfsf] leqL tn'jf u'?kft . Ogfd gf) [c
Ogcfd] s'g} pNn]vgLo jf lrQa'bf] sfd ua ] fkt ;f] sfd ug]{ JolQmsf] xf};nf a9fpg
lbOg] k':sf kfltf]lifs as; alS;; . Ogfdkf6 gf) 8sdL{n] 3sf] ufx|f] nufpFbf tndflysf
118

;Lwf kfg{ e'mG8fP x]g]{ 306Lsf] 8f]L . Ogfd]n gf) [c\)] sf7, kmnfd, 9'\uf, l;;f cflb
:t'sf] ;hfj6 jf ;+If0fsf lglDt nufpg jf To:tf j:t'df s]xL n]Vg lrqsfL ug{ k|of]u ul
] ljleGg sf] f;folgs tn kbfy{ . Ogf gf) hldgdf vg] kfgLsf] d"n e]fO{ OF6 cflbsf] uf
ufx|f] nufP agfOPsf], 8f]Ldf 3Nrf, afN6L cflb e'mG8fP 8'afO{ kfgL lemlsg] ulxf] vfN8f
] . Og]lug] lj) [lx)] 5flgPsf jf f]lhPsf s]xL gfd rn]sf jf ulgPsf dWo] yf]} w]}dWo] s
xL jf b'O{rf . OGsf\g' ;) lqm) [OGsf
g'] OGsf ug'{ c:jLsf ug'{ gfdGh'L hgfpg'
!= gsffTds pQ c:jLsf gfdGh'L . ljk) dGh'L :jLsf . @= s;}n] cfk"mdfly s'g} s'fsf]
jf cff]k nufpFbf ;f] s'f xf]Og egL jf To;sf] v08g uL lbOg] hjfkm . > OGsfL gf) != OGs
f jf c:jLsf ug]{ sfd . @= cfk"mdfly cfOk]sf] jf nufOPsf] s'g} cleof]u jf cff]ksf] c:
jLsf To:tf] cleof]u jf cff]kaf6 ;kmfO lng] r]i6f jf k|of; ~ kq gf) cleof]u nufOPsf]
JolQmn] cfk"mn] To;f] u]sf] 5}g egL n]lvlbg] sfut gfdGh'Lsf] lnvt jf sfut . OGSnfa g
f) [c) Ogsnfa] != ;fd"lxs ljf]wk|bz{g, h'n'; cflbdf k|]0ff jf pNnf; hfu[t ug{ gffsf k
df k|of]u ulg] zAb (h:tf] OGSnfa lhGbfjfb) . @= qmflGt kljt{g . OGr gf) [c\)] Ps k'm6
f] afx|f}F efu jf To;afasf] gfkf] . > OGrL gf) OGr . OGhgOlGhg gf) [c\)] != afkmaf6 r
g], af6f] k]Ng] ux|fF} e2f lsl;dsf] sn . @= afkm cyjf lah'nLsf ann] ]nsf l8Aafx tf
Gg] oGq . #= zlQmpTkfbs oGq . OlGhlgo gf) [c\)] != ;8s, 3, k'n cflb agfpg] jf dDdt ug
]{ lzNkljBfdf ljZjljBfnoaf6 :gftssf] pkflwk|fKt JolQm jf:t'snfljz]if1 . @= sn, OlG
hg cflb agfpg] jf dDdt ug]{ sfddf :gfts ePsf] JolQm oGqljBfljz]if1 . > OlGhlgol gf) !
snk'hf{ cflb agfpg] jf dDdt ug]{ ljBf oGqljBf . @= 3, k'n, af6f] cflb agfpg] ljBf j
f:t'snf . #= OlGhlgosf] sfd . OlGhlgoL gf) OlGhlgol . OGh]S;g gf) [c\)] != zLsf] g
;n:yfg cflbdf l;of]ff cf}ifwLsf] cGtMIf]k0f . OGh]n k|To) wft' jf ;j{gfd zAbsf k5fl
8 ufFl;P nuftfsf] qmldstf hgfpg] k|Too (vfOGh]n, al;Gh]n, ToltGh]n, sltGh]n O)) .

119

OG6Eo' gf) [c\)] cGtjf{tf{ . OG6ldl8o6 lj) [c\)] != k|j]lzsf :gftssf aLrsf] (sIff)
= aLrsf] dWojtL{ . OG6G ] ; gf) [c\)] != k|jl] zsf kLIff Dofl6s'n];g . @= k|j]z . #=
sf . OG8]S; gf) [c\)] l ePsf] afSnf] kmfOn ;"rsf\s . OGthfdOlGthfd gf) [c) OlGthf
x'g] jf ug'k { g]{ s'g} sfds'fsf] nflu klxn] g} ldnfOg] cfjZos rfFhf]kfFhf] aGbf]a:
t k|aGw . OGt'lrGt' gf) [(l)) lrGtf] != xf];xjf; ;'4La'l4 cQf]kQf] vf] h va . @= s]
f] uF eGg] lrGtf ls+st{Joljd"9tf . > OGt' g lrGt' gf) xf];xjf; jf yfxf;'4L s]xL gx'
g' a]va ljr]t x'g' . OlGbf gf) [;+)] != lji0f'sL kTgL nIdL . @= cflZjg s[i0f PsfbzL .
OGbLj gf) [;+)] gLnsdn . > OGbLjf gf) cf}ifwLdf k|of]u x'g] Ps h8La'6L af]s]nxf] chz
. OGb' gf) [;+)] != rGb|df . @= Pssf] ;\Vof . #= sk" . ~ snf gf) rGb|ls0f h"g . jb
f) eu0f, hu0f, ;u0f, gu0f b'O{ u'? ePsf], kfrf}F cIfdf olt x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb .
OGb| gf) [;+)] != :ju{sf fhf b]jtfsf fhf . @= kfgL kfg]{ b]jtf . #= :j;lGw x'b F f cl
wkltsf] cy{ lbg] jf :jfdL jf fhfnfO{ a'emfpg] zAb (fh]Gb|, ;']Gb| d[uG ] b|, dx]Gb|
O)) . ~ sdn gf) vdf k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] ;'uGwL ynsdn . ~ hfqf gf) efb| z'Sn rt'b{zLsf
lbg sf7df8f}Fdf ulg] s'dfL, e}j, u0f]z cflbsf] k|l;4 yofqf . ~ hfn gf) bz{ssf cfFvf
5n] jf tGqdGqff cgf}7fcgf}7f sfd u] b]vfOg] v]n r6s hfb'uL . hfnL lj) OGb|hfn u
. lht\ lj) != OGb|nfO{ lhTg] . @= fj0fsf] h]7f] 5f]f] d]3gfb . hf} gf) 7"nf] s'f
f To;s} k"mn . bdg gf) jiff{sfndf u\uf cflb gbLsf] hn a9] af6f]dfly x]sf s'08, j k
sf hfdf kfgL k'Ubf dgfOg] kj{ . wg'wg'if gf) jiff{ofddf ;"o{sf] ljk Lt lbzflt cfsfzd
b]lvg] \uLla\uL jf ;Kt\uL cw{j[Q OGb|]gL . Wjh gf) != OGb|sf] emG8f ln\uf];lxt
@= k|foM efb|zS 'n fbzLsf lbg OGb|sf] k"hf u ] pEofOg] 7"nf] Wjhf ln\uf] . Wjhkftg
OGb|hfqfsf] cflvL lbg OGb|WjhnfO{ kN6fO{ gbLdf ;]nfpg] sfd OGb|hfqfsf] ln\uf] 9fNg
] sfd . Wjhf]Tyfg gf) efb|z'Sn fbzLsf lbg OGb|hfqf ;'? ubf{ OGb|sf] ;Ddfgdf ln\uf]
78fpg] sfd (kf}fl0fs sfndf klg o:tf] k|rng ePsf] kfOG5 .) . gLn gf) gLnf]

OG6Eo'OGwg \usf] dl0f gL gLdl0f . k' gf) OGb|sf] zx ;'vL 7fpF . k|:y gf) d
hwfgL (jt{dfg lbNnLsf] glhs) . ofqf gf) OGb|hfqf . ~ fHonIdL k|1f k':sf gf) snfsf If
qdf pNn]vgLo ;fwgf ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps k':sf/ . ~ nf]s g
f) :ju{ . j+zf gf) b'O{ tu0f, Ps hu0f Ps u0f x'g] jfl0f{s 5Gb . jh|f gf) b'O{ tu0f
Ps hu0f b'O{ u'?j0f{ x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . ~ ;ef gf) OGb|sf] ;ef b]j;ef ;'wdf{ . F
f w;f{ OGb|f0fL gf) [;+)] != OGb|sL kTgL . @= ;]tf jf kx]n k]sf gLnf kmn kmNg], ft
f, gLnf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] Ps nxf] . OGb|fo'w gf) [;+)] != OGb|wg' OGb|]gL . @= OGb
|sf] xltof jh| . OGb|fjtL gf) [;+)] ;Ktsf];Lsf ;ftdWo] Ps gbL k"jL{ g]kfnsf] h'un lx
dfnsf] kfFrkf]vLaf6 pTkGg eO{ bf]nfn3f6lg ;'gsf];L gbLdf ldl;g] Ps gbL . OGb|f;g gf
) [;+)] != OGb|sf] l;+xf;g . @= fhl;+xf;g fhu2L . #= ;a} lsl;dsf] ;'v ldNg] 7fpF .
OlGb|o gf) [;+)] != 1fgzlQm sd{zlStsf dfgjLo c\u jf ;fwg kfFr 1fg]lGb|o (cfFvf, sfg
, gfs, lha|f] 5fnf) kfFr sd]l{ Gb|o (jfs\, kfl0f, kfb, jfo' pk:y)sf ;fd"lxs jf cn
ucnu gfd . @= dflysf cfwfdf kfFrsf] ;\Vof . #= of]lg jf ln\u . $= hgg]lGb|o . %= Ps
c\u'nsf] kfFr u'gfafasf] gfk kfFr cdnafasf] gfk kfFr c\u'n . uf]r gf) OlGb|osf]
off ;+jb ] g ug{ ;lsg] OlGb|ou|fXo . u|fd gf) kfFr 1fg]lGb|o kfFr sd]l{ Gb|osf] ;d"
. lht\ lj) OlGb|osf] bdg ug{ ;Sg] lht]lGb|o . lgu|x gf) OlGb|onfO{ jzdf fVg] sfd .
;+j]B lj) OlGb|off l56} u|x0f ulg] . > OlGb|oftLt lj) OlGb|off 1fg ug{ g;lsg] cuf]r
b|ofy{jfb gf) OlGb|oxsf] cg'e"ltff g} ;a} lsl;dsf] 1fg k|fKt x'G5 eGg] bfz{lgs l;4fG
t OlGb|off ;'vef]u ug]{ sfd . OGb|]gL gf) [OGb| PgL] 3fdkfgL ePsf] a]nf 3fdsf] ljkLt
lbzftkm{ b]lvg] c:dfgL, gLnf], xlof], kx]Fnf], ftf] a}hgL ;'Gtnf x'g], wg'sf cfsfsf
cw{j[Q OGb|wg' OGb|wg'if . OGwg gf) [;+)] != pi0ftf jf tfksf] dfWodaf6 zlQm k|bfg
ug]{ ;fwg . @= bfpf jf To;sf] abnfdf c s]xL afn] tfk jf zlQm k}bf ug]{ pks0f (dLt]n,
l8h]n, k]6f]n, sf]Onf cflb) . ~ ;+:yfg gf) OGwg;Fu ;DalGwt sff]af ug]{ tyf cfjZos OG
wg h'6fpg] clwsfk|fKt ;+:yfg .

OG;fkmOi6sf OG;fkm gf) [c)] != ;DalGwt If]qaf6 ulg] ;To jf c;Tosf] 6'\uf] Gofo lg;fkm
gofFlg;fkm . @= cbfntaf6 jfbL k|ltjfbLsf] kIf jf ljkIfdf lbOg] Gofo lg0f{o km};nf .
OG;]6 gf) [c\)] 7"nf] lrqleqsf] ;fgf] lrq . OlG:6Ro'6 gf) [c\)] cWoog;+:yfg . OG:k]S6
f) [c\)] k|xL;]jfsf] Ps bhf{ k|xLlgLIfs . OjL gf) dgdf u'Kt kdf flvPsf] O{v w]} k
f] O{v buf . cbfjt gf) buf jf lgx'F lemSg] af6f] r"s b]vfpg] lgx'F . Odh]{G;L gf) [c
)] != PsfPs cfOkg]{ b'Mvb 36gf cfsl:ds b'3{6gf . @= cfsl:ds b'3{6gf jf ladfLn] kLl
8t JolQmsf nflu ulg] pkrf jf To:tf] pkrf ulg] sIf . ~ nfO6 gf) ljB't\ cfk"lt{ aGb x'b
F f k|of]u ulg], ljB'tt \ \uaf6} aNg] Ps lsl;dsf] lah'nLnfnl6g . Odfg gf) [c) O{dfg
] != n]gb]g, lgod, cg'zf;g cflb Jojxfdf ulg] ;Totf ;RrfO 5nsk6lxt Jojxf c;n lgot .
Zj jf wd{k|lt x]sf] ljZjf; cfl:ts a'l4 . hdfg gf) af]n]cg';f Jojxf ug]{ k|s[lt Joj
fds'fsf] 7Ls7Ls kfngf ;Tolgi7f st{Jokfo0ftf . bf lj) Odfg ePsf] lgisk6 af]ns ]
] ;Tolgi7 . bfL gf) Odfgbf aGgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;Tolgi7f ;RrfO . Odft gf) [c)] eJ
SsL 3 ljzfnsfo ejg dxn . Odf; gf) [ln)] lnDa"hfltdf k"hf ulg] Oi6b]jL dxfdfof . Od'
c\)] c:6l] nofdf kfOg] 8]9 ld6 prfO nueu krf; s]) hL) jhg ePsf], 3fF; vfg], nfdf v'f
nfdf] uw{g x'g], tLg cf}Fnf ePsf] 7"nf] rf] . ODkf]h gf) [c\)] 5fKg] l:yltdf k'us
] f] kmdf{nfO{ Jojl:yt ug]{ sfd kmdf{ 9fNg] sfd . ODk|; ] g gf) [c\)] Ps kN6sf] 5kf
O jf lyrfO . OoQf gf) [;+)] != k'Ug ;lsg];Ddsf] cjlw ;Ldf xb . @= lgod ;\Vof tf]lsPsf
] kldf0f . #= hDdf olt g} 5 eGg] ls6fg . Ool gf) [c\) Ool] sfgsf nf]tLdf e'mG8fP
f] e'mDs] uxgf ofl . Ofs gf) [c)] Pl;of dxfLkdf kg]{, aubfb fhwfgL ePsf], k|foM vlgh
nsf nflu k|l;4 Ps b]z . > OfsL lj) Ofs b]zsf] Ofs;Fu ;DalGwt . Ofbf gf) [c)] != dg;'
fdgf OR5f . @= lg0f{o c7f]6 ;\sNk . #= efjgf ;f]rfO ljrf . Ofg gf) [c)] Pl;of dxf
{ t]xfg fhwfgL
120

ePsf], k|foM vlgh t]nsf nflu k|l;4 Ps b]z . > Ofg]nL lj) Ofgsf] Ofg b]z;Fu ;DalGwt .
O? gf) sf]lknf ftf] x'g] Ps k"mnsf] af]6 jf To;s} ;]tf] k"mn . Ond gf) [c) ONd] !=
k];f Joj;fo f]huf sfdsfh . @= hfgsfL 1fg af]w . #= ljBf . $= hflu gf]sL . %= klZ
eflifsfdf :qLsf] hgg]lGb|o . > OndL lj) != Ond ug]{ s'g} f]hufdf nfu]sf] Joj;foL pBdL
. @= Ond;DaGwL . Onfsf gf) [c) Onfs] != s'g} gfpFaf6 lrlgPsf] :yfg jf lglZrt e"v0
8 . @= clwsfIf]q . #= xftf nuf . ~ cbfnt gf) s'g} lhNnf jf Onfsfdf x]sf] Gofofno ;'?
cbfnt lhNnf cbfnt . jfb gf) ;Dk"0f{ b]z jf e"efusf] ;d:ofnfO{ jf:tf guL s'g} vf; On
fsfnfO{ dfq dxj lbg] ;fF3'f] u'6aGbL ljrf . Onfh gf) [c)] != zLsf] f]u lgsf] kfg{ ul
kfo jf k|oTg pkrf lrlsT;f . @= cf]vtL bafO{ . Onfd gf) d]rL c~rncGtu{tsf] Ps lhNnf .
> Onfd] lj) != Onfdsf], Onfd;DaGwL Onfddf x'g] jf kfOg] . gf) @= sf6]sf] jf vf]l:;
Psf] 3fpdf lgrf]] emf]n nufpFbf cffd ufpg] ufO{a:t'n] 3fF; vfg] Ps yL e'O{+emf . On
6s gf) [c\)] tfGbf tGsg] a sk8f fvL OFhf cflbsf] sfd lng agfOPsf] ;fwg tGsg] v'D
Qf UofFl6; . Olnsldlns gf) [c) d") ldlns\ c (l))] != l5gdf b]lvg] l5gdf a]kQf x'g]
rfn cfsne'msn . lqm) lj) @= Ps} l5gdf xfpg] uL . OlnldnL gf) [c) d")] Ifl0fs rxnkxn P
s l5gsf] rxsdxs lemlnldnL . On]lS6s lj) [c\)] ljB'tz \ lQmaf6 pTkGg x'g] lah'nL ;DaGw
lah'nLsf] . kf]n gf) lah'nLsf] tf n}hfg] vDaf ljB'T:tDe 6nLa;sf] ljB'tz \ lQmsf] tf c
pg] vDaf . Onf] gf) [g]jf) OnfF] 3sf] d"n yfd jf vDaf c8fpg] 9'\uf] cfwflznf . Oj cJ
[;+)] ;fb[Zo jf pkdf hgfpg] zAb ;dfg t'No ;b[z (k'qOj, cg'hOj O)) . Ozf/f gf) [c)] x
]) O;f/f . OlZtxf/ gf) [c)] x]) Ol:txf/ . Oi6 lj) [;+)] != OR5f ulPsf] f]h]sf] rfx]sf
jfl~5t . gf) @= lk|o JolQm lxt}ifL ldq . #= clUgxf]q cflb z'e sd{ . $= Oi6 b]jtf l
k|o b]jtf . Oi6sf lj) [;+)] OF6 OF6f . ~ t\u gf) ;\uLtlzf]dl0f o1fh zdf{n] tof kf/
6sf] :jjfB jf jfBoGqaf6

121

Oi6b]jOi6b]jtfOx g} nufOg], afpnf gePsf], sDd;Dd cfpg] leqL ;fgf] sf]6 O:sf]6 . Ol:t
kmf gf) [c) O:tckmf] cfk"mn] ub}{ cfPsf] ;]jf jf gf]sL 5f]8g \ sf nflu lbOg] lgj]b
gkq Tofukq fhLgfdf . Ol:tL gf) sf]Onf jf ljB't\zlQmn] ttfP wf]Psf sk8f ;DDofpg], ldnf
g] kmnfd] ;fwg O:qL (cfOg) . O:qL gf)x]) Ol:t/L . Ol:txf gf) [c) OlZtxf] ;sfsf tkm{
DalGwt ;d'bfonfO{ ;fj{hlgs kdf lbOg] ;"rgf jf ljz]if cfb]z lj1lKt hgfp OlZtxf/ . O:t
]dfn gf) [c) O:tcdfn] s'g} j:t'nfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg] k|lqmof pkof]u k|of]u Jojxf . O:k
ft gf) [kf]t'{) :k]8] != k|zf]wg uL tof ulPsf] s8f, c;n kmnfd . lj) @= Hofb} rt'f] r
laTkft] . O:nfd gf) [c)] != O{Zjsf dfu{df k|f0f lbg k|:t't x'g] sfd . @= d'xDdbn]
k|rngdf NofPsf] d';ndfgL wd{ . #= d'l:ndxsf] wfld{s ;Dk|bfo jf dt . $= d';ndfg x'
g] lqmof . O:jL gf) [c) O{;jL] != O;fsf] d0fsfnkl5 rn]sf] ;+jt\ ;g\ . lj) @= O;fsf]
O;f;DaGwL . Ox ;j{ [;+)] oxfF . nLnf gf) o; nf]ssf] lhGbufgL ;f+;fls k|k~r lhGbuL .
f]s gf) != of] nf]s b]lvg] ;+;f . @= of] hLjg ;f+;fls hGd . nf}lss lj) o; nf]ssf]
]s;Fu ;DalGwt .

lg:sg] :jnxL . ~ ky gf) OF6n] ag]sf] af6f] . Oi6b]jOi6b]jtf gf) [;+)] != s'nkDkfaf6
hFb} cfPsf cffWo b]jtf . @= bLIffdGqsf clwi7ftf b]jtf . Oi6ldq gf) [;+)] != sNof0f
rfxg] JolQm lxt}ifL dflg; ;fyL ldq . @= gft]bf aGw'afGwj ;DaGwL . Oi6fklQ gf) [;+)]
6 ulPsf] s'enf] klg cfgf nflu kmnbfoL aGg] sfd cfklQ klg Oi6 ePsf] l:ylt . O;\ cJo)
l; jf emf]s k|s6 ubf{ cnfO{ lv::ofP k|of]u ulg] zAb nf]Kkf VjfpFbf elgg] njh (pbf) O;
, t}n F ] eGb}df kTofpF5' ) . O;auf]n gf) [kmf) ozauf]n] 5fof] lsl;dsf] jf k'm;|f] s
] ltnh:tf ;;fgf bfgf kmNg] af]6 cfpFut, lb;f cflb f]u ePdf vfOg] To;}sf bfgf jf e';L
. O;f gf) [c) O{;f] O;fO{ jf lqmlZrog wd{sf k|jt{s O;fO{ wd{ rnfpg] dxfk'?if lo;'l
v|:6 . > O;fO{ lj) O;fn] rnfPsf] wd{ dfGg] O;fO{ wd{sf] cg'ofoL lqml:rog lqm:tfg . O
;ff gf) [c) Ozff] != gaf]n] efj;Dk|]if0f ug{ ulg] c\u;~rfng ;fg ;\s]t Ozff . @=
OPsf] ;Gb]z u'Kt hgfp . O:s'n gf)x]) O:s'; . O:s'; gf) [c\) :Sjf;] nxfdf kmNg] s]xL n
fDrf] ;;fgf] d]jfsf 9asf], kmndf sfF9f x'g] jf gx'g] xlof] tsfL O:s'n . O:6sf]6 gf)
c\) j]:6sf]6] sf]6sf ;fydf jf sf]6afx]s

O{O{xf
122

O{
O{! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :j/j0f{dWo] rf}yf] :j/j0f{ kDkfut
kdf tfnJo:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g], bL3{ :j dflgPsf] / efifflj1fgcg';f/ cu| aGb bL3{ :j
/j0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] :j/j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . O{@ lj) af]) [;+) OM] != 3
[0ff, cjx]ngf lemFofx6 cflb dgsf efj k|s6 ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) O{, hlt ufnL
u] klg cfgf] afgL 5fl8G5 ) . @= cnfO{ lxofpFbf jf nf]Kkf v'jfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb .
(pbf) O{, u\ O{, vf ) . #= s'g} glhssf] j:t' cf}FNofpFbf pRrf0f ulg] zAb . (pbf) O{
tdLn] vf]h]sf] dfn oxLF x]5) . O{sf gf) [;+)] != Osfsf] bL3{ k O{ cIf . @= Jo~hg;F
bf bflxg]klaf6 lbOg] lrXg ( L ) . O{Ifs lj) [;+)] != ;;tL x]g]{ cfFvfn] 7Dofpg] b]Vg]
. @= lgk0f ug]{ kLIff ug]{ hfFRg] . (;dLIfs, kLIfs O)) . O{If0f gf) [;+)] != x]g]{ jf
b]Vg] sfd bz{g cjnf]sg . @= cfFvf g]q . #= ljrf ljj]rg hfFra'em (kLIf0f, ko{jI ] f0f
j]I { f0f O)) . O{v gf) x]) Ov . O{8f gf) [;+)] != x7of]usf lgodcg';f k|f0ffofd ubf
{ gfssf] b]a|]klaf6 Zjf; rnfOg] gf8L . @= u\uf . #= k|z; + f :t'lt . O{y gf) x]) Oy/
. O{K;f gf) [;+)] s'g} j:t' k|fKt ug]{ pTs6 OR5f tLj| rfxgf clenfiff . > O{lK;t lj)
O{K;f jf OR5f ulPsf] rfx]sf] . O{K;' lj) OR5f ug]{ rfxgf ug]{ OR5's . O{iof{ gf) [;+)
csf{sf] algagfp jf ;d[l4 b]v] dgdf pAhg] 8fx ]if O{v dfT;o{ . > O{iof{n ' lj) O{v ug
Ovfn' . O{z gf) [;+)] != O{Zj b]jtf . @= clwklt :jfdL dflns . #= klt nf]Ug] . $= fh
%= lzj dxfb]j . O{zfg gf) [;+)] != lzj dxfb]j P3f ?b|dWo] Ps . @= O{zfg sf]0f . ~ sf
]0f gf) k"j{ pQ lbzfsf aLrsf] s'g' . > O{zfg]Zj gf) ndh' lhNnfsf] dfbL gbLsf] lsgfd
jl:yt k|ltjif{ lzjflqdf 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] lzj dlGb . O{Zj gf) [;+)] != ;Dk"0f{ ljZja|X
f08 jf ;[li6nfO{ agfpg], laufg]{ ltgsf] lgoGq0f tyf zf;g ug]{ dflgPsf kd k'?if jf
kdfTdfsf kdf k'lhg] ;j{kw | fg ;Qf eujfg\ kd]Zj . @= clwklt :jfdL dflns . #= P]Zjo
. lgi7 lj) O{Zjdf ljZjf; ug]{ cfl:ts . ~ k|l0fwfg gf) of]uzf:qdf kfFr k|l0fwfgdWo]
Ps O{Zjdfly k"0f{ >4f fVt} ulg] sd{ To;sf] kmn O{ZjnfO{ g} ;dk{0f ug]{ sfd . jfb
{Zj dfGg] l;4fGt ;[li6, l:ylt ;+xfsf d"n sf0f O{Zj x'g\ eGg] dt jf jfb . jfbL lj)
fbsf] cg'ofoL jf ;dy{s O{ZjeQm . > O{ZjfwLg lj) O{Zjsf cwLgdf x]sf] jf O{Zjsf] OR5fc
f x'g] . O{ZjL gf) != b]jL ejfgL b'uf{ . @= nIdL eujtL . #= clwi7fqL . O{ZjLo lj) O
;DalGwt O{Zjsf] . O{ift\O{ifb\ cJo) [;+)] != s]xL clnslt yf]} sd . gf) @= yf]} d'
b d':sfg . ljj[t lj) != lha|f] tfn'sf] Psbd} glhs guP d'vljj s]xL v'n]sf] . gf) @=
cfEoGt k|oTgsf] Ps gfd . O{;jL gf) x]) O:jL . O{;f gf) [c)] x]) O;f . > O{;fO{ lj) O
;fO{ . O{xf gf) [;+)] != OR5f O{K;f rfxgf nfn;f . @= r]i6f k|of; . d[ u gf) != Ajf
] . @= b[ZosfJocGtu{t kssf b; e]bdWo] Ps rf c\sdf ljeQm, Oltxf; sNkgfldl>t f[\ufk|
s gf6s .

123
ppsfn\g'

p
p b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :j/j0f{dWo] kfFrf}F :jj0f{ k/Dkfut
kdf cf]i7:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g] x|:j :j/ dflgPsf] / efifflj1fgcg';f kZr, aGb, uf]lnt
:jj0f{ . n]Vo kdf ;f] :j/j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . p lgkf) [;+) x'd\] != lt:
sf jf pk]Iffk"0f{ efj JoQm ubf{ elgg] cJoo zAb . (pbf) pF, csf{nfO{ To;} klg lh:So
fpg] ) . @= l; p7\g] s'f ;'Gbf jf hf]; lgsfNbf k|o'Qm x'g] cJoo . (pbf) pF, To; kfhL
n] d;Fu 3dG8 ug]{ <) . pu \ g' c) lqm) [pFu g'] a:bfa:b} lgb|fn] nlP e'mNg' cw{lgb|fs
jzdf kg'{ cfwf xf];, cfwf a]xf];h:tf] eP emsfpg' tGb|fdf k'Ug' pFg' . pu gf) [k|f) p
a:bfa:b} lgb|fsf] hf]8n] cfFvf nlg] l:ylt lgb|f nfUg]nfUg] a]nfsf] k"j { k emsfO tGb|
pF3 p . pufO gf) [ pFu\ (cfO)] pFUg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pufOg' s) lqm) p
fOg' . pufpg' k|) ] lqm) pFUg nfpg' . p3\g' c) lqm) [pF3 \ g'] x]) pFUg' . p3 gf) [
p
\3] x]) pFu . p3fO gf) [pF3\ -cfO)] pFufO . [ > ] p3fOg' s) lqm) pFg nfOg' . p3fpg
lqm) pFg nfpg' . prfO gf) [pFrf]cfO] x]) prfO . prf] lj) [;+) pRr] != k[YjLsf] ljkL
bzflt nlDaPsf] . @= prf] cUnf] 6
f] . p6 gf) [k|f) p < ;+) pi6] nfdf] tflgPsf] 3fF6
df v'f x'g], v}f] sf], :tgkfoL tyf zfsfxfL, k|foM d?e"lddf efL af]Sg] ;jfLsf] sfd
rf}kfof . p8f]k8 ' f] gf) [k'F8f] (l))] nueusf] l:ylt emG8}emG8}sf] cj:yf k'ugk'usf]
cj:yf . pwd'G6] lj) [pFwf]d'G6]] != pFwf] d'G6f] nufpg] d'G6f] lgx's ] f] 3f];] . gf)
@= k'?ifsf] ln
\u . pw} pe } gf) [pFwf]pFef]] pvfnkvfn emf8fafGtf . pwf] gf) of]) [
tn tnlt dlGt d'lg . ~ d'G6f] gf) lgx']sf] jf lgx'fPsf] d'G6f] tnlt kms]{sf] 6fps
L lj) [pFwf]cf}nL] != tnltsf] dlGtsf] pFwf]sf] . @= d
\l; dlxgfsf] z'SnkIfsf] k"l0f{
gk"l0f{df (g]kfnsf kxf8L e]ssf afl;Gbfxsf] rngcg';f o;} lbgb]lv hf8f] ;'? x'g] ePs
fn] e]8Luf]7, ufO{uf]7 cflb a];Llt emflG5 a];Lltsf b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hf ulG5 . To;}n] o
; lbgnfO{ pFwf}nL elgPsf] xf] .) . ~ pef}nL gf) != j}zfv d
\l; k"l0f{dfsf tfs ulg] uf
7w"k s'nb]jtf cflbsf] k"hfcfhf . @= pFwf] emg]{ pFef] nfUg]xsf] tfFtL kb]z nfUg] 3
ms{gx ] sf] nx . pef] gf) of]) [;+) pmWj{] dflylt dfl:t cUnf] 7fpFdf prfOdf . > p
!= dfl:tsf] cUnf] 7fpFsf] . gf) @= j}zfv dlxgfsf] z'SnkIfdf kg]{ k"l0f{df j}zfvL k"
l0f{df . (g]kfnsf kxf8L e]ssf afl;Gbfxsf] rngcg';f o;} lbgb]lv udL{ ;'? x'g] ePsfn
] e]8Luf]7, ufO{uf]7 cflb n]slt nluG5 jgsf b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hf ulG5 . To;f] x'gfn] o
; lbgnfO{ pFef}nL elgPsf] xf] .) . pM cJo) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ cf}FNofP b]vfpFb
f af]lng] zAb . (pbf) pM ToxL dfG5] xf], o; jif{ k|jl] zsf kLIffdf ;j{ky | d ePsf]
.) . @= cfZro{, Unflg, si6, x}fgL cflb efj JoQm ug]{ zAb . (pbf) pM, lhGbuLdf slx
No} ;'v kfOPg .) . pO6g' ;) lqm) [pOF6f] g'] oGqdf skf; xfn] laofF 5'fpg' jf cnUofpg'
; s]nfpg' . > pO6fO gf) pOF6g] sfd jf k|lqmof . pO6fOg' s) lqm) pOF6fpg] sfd ulg' . p
O6fpg' k|) ] lqm) pOF6g nfpg' . pOl6g' s) lqm) pOF6g] sfd ulg' . pO6f] gf) skf;sf la
jf u]8f cnUofpg] oGq jf ;fwg . pO6fO gf) [ pOFl6 (ofO)] != pOFl6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [pOF6fpcfO] @= pOF6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pOF6fOg' s) lqm) pOF6g] sfd ul/g'
. pO6fpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) pOFl6g] sfd ug'{ skf; s]nfpg' . pC0f lj) [;+)] C0faf6 d'Q
ePsf] lg r'Stf u]sf] lg ltl;s]sf] C0fd'St . pslNrg' c) lqm) Ps k6s lgsf] eO;s]sf]
, f]u cflb km]l plN6g' 3fpvl6f l56} lgsf] geP ulxlFb} kmflsFb} hfg' ps'r kN6g' .
fO gf) pslNrg] sfd jf k|lqmof . psNRofOg' s) lqm) psNRofpg] sfd ulg' . psNRofpg' k|)
] lqm) pslNrg] kfg'{ pslNrg nfpg' . psf gf) [;+)] p cIf Jo~hgj0f{sf d'lg nfUg] lrXg
n { ]( '). psfn\g' ;) lqm) [psfnf] g'] s'g} j:t'nfO{ cUnf] 7fpFdf

psfnLpv8f k'ofpg' dfl:t r9fpg' pFef] nufpg' . > psfnfO gf) psfNg] lqmof jf efj . psfl
g' s) lqm) psfNg] sfd ulg' . psfnL gf) [psfnf] O{] psfnf]sf] n3' k 5f]6f];fgf] psfnf]
~ cf]fnL gf) ;fgf7"nf psfnfcf]fnf psfnL cf]fnLsf] ;d"x . psfnf] gf) [;+) pRrfn] !=
]rf] efuaf6 dfl:t nfu]sf] 7fpF dfly nfUg] af6f] 7f8f] af6f] psfnL . @= r9fp 7f8f] . p
sf;\g' ;) lqm) [psf; g'] != efl:;Psf] jf blaPsf] s'g} j:t'nfO{ dfly p7fpg' tn x]sf] j:
t'nfO{ dfl:t k'ofpg' . @= ulxf] efudf df6f] cflb xfnL cUnf] kfg'{ cUNofpg' . #= tNnf
] :tsf] dflg;nfO{ dflyNnf] :tdf k'ofpg' p7fpg' . $= cfkb\ljkb\af6 5'6sff lbnfpg' . ps
f; gf) [k|f) pSsf;] != rflxPhlt sfd u] afFsL x]sf] j:t' art z]if xn . @= s'g} 7fpFs
]sf] efu p3fpgL . #= k'fgf] hldgbfL k|yfcg';f b'O{ gDasf] l; hUuf . lj) $= s;}sf] xse
]u afFsL geO{ ;sfsf] xs ePsf] (hUuf) . psf;fO gf) [psf;\ ( cfO)] psf:g] sfd jf k|lqmo
f . [ > ] psfl;g' s) lqm) psf:g] sfd ulg' . ps'r gf) [;+) pTsf]7] Ps kN6 lgsf] eO{
km]l psNr]sf] 3fp s'g} vfaLn] lgsf] geO{ w]} lbg;Dd kflsx]sf] 3fp ;Ogvl6f . ~ kN6g'
s'g} 3fpvl6f lgsf] geO{ w]} lbg;Dd kfSg' . ps'; lj) [k|f) pSs;] vfP 6Dd l6nl6ntL . k
s; ' d's; ' gf) != pv'd udL{n] cyjf xfjf f]lsP c;lhnf] jf si6 cg'ej x'g] lsl;d pl;;l
gl;; . @= dgdf Hofbf s'f v]n] ctflng] cj:yf . lqm) lj) #= w]} vfgf vfgfn] a:glxF8\g
klg cK7ff] x'g] uL . ps]\g' ;) lqm) [ps]f g'] != jksf] df6f] NofP af]6la?jfsf km
pg' ps]f nfpg' uf]8d]n ug'{ . @= ulxf] 7fpFdf x]sf] df6f] dfl:t Nofpg' . #= s'g} JolQ
nfO{ grflxFbf] jf Joy{sf] sfds'f] ug{ pS;fpg' . ps]f gf) [k|f) pSs] uf]8d]n uL rf}lt
df6f] hfdf y'Ko|fP af]6la?jfnfO{ lbOg] cf8 uf]8d]n ug]{ sfd . ps]fO gf) [ ps]\ (cf
s]g{] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ps]fOg' s) lqm) ps]f lbg nfOg' . ps]fpg' k|]) lqm
) ps]f lbnfpg' ps]g{ nfpg' . ps]lg' s) lqm) ps]g]{ sfd ulg' ps]g{ nfOg' . ps]n\g' ;
) [;+) pb\lu0f g'] vfPsf] s'f k]6df gk'Ub} d'v}af6 hf]8 u] lgsfNg' cf]sNg' . > ps]nfO
) ps]Ng] sfd jf k|lqmof . ps]nfOg' s) lqm) ps]Ng
124

nfOg' . ps]nfpg' k|])lqm);)lqm) ps]Ng nfpg' . ps]lng' s) lqm) ps]Ng] sfd ulg' . pSsg'
c) lqm) [pKs g'] 6fFl;Psf] s'f] jf j:t' 5'lP cfpg' ufFl;Psf] jf hf]l8Psf] j:t' k'm:sg'
pKsg' . > pSsfO gf) pSsg] sfd jf k|lqmof . pSsfOg' s) lqm) pSsfpg nfOg' . pSsfpg' ;
) lqm) pSsg nfpg' . plSsg' c) lqm) pSsg' . pSt lj) [;+)] != elgPsf] atfOPsf] j0f{g u
lPsf] . @= dflysf] ev{}sf] . pStf gf) [;+)] Ps kfpdf Ps dfq cIf x'g] j0f{jQ [ . pStfO
gf) [ pStfpcfO] pStfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pStfOg' c) lqm) pStfpg] xf]Og
' pRrf6 nfUg] xf]Og' . pStfpg' c) lqm) [pStcfpg'] s'g} sfds'faf6 lbSs x'g' jf jfSs x'
g' pRrf6 nfUg' cdg x'g' . plSt gf) [;+)] != egfO syg . @= vf; dxjsf] jfSo ;fule{t eg
. ~ k|To'lSt gf) ;jfnhjfkm s'fsfgL ;+jfb syf]ksyg . plqmd gf) lg r'Stf ePsf] l:ylt
6 5'6sff C0fd'lSt pC0f . pSng' c) lqm) [psfnf] c g'] dflylt nfUg' jf hfg' dfl:t kg'
fUg' . > pSnfO gf) pSng] sfd jf k|lqmof . pSnfOg' s) lqm) != pSng nfOg' . @= ps]f n
fpg] sfd ulg' . pSnfpg' k|) ] lqm);)lqm) pSng nfpg' . pSnfpg' ;) lqm) [ps]f nfp g'] kl
vghf]t u]sf] hldgnfO{ afnL nfpg] a]nfdf km]l vghf]t uL v's'nf] kfg'{ . plSng' c) lq
m) [pSn O g'] x]) != pSng' . @= psfnf] nflug' . pS;g' c) lqm) [k|f) pS;0f g'] != f]6L c
ksfpFbf jf cfuf]df ;]sfpFbf k'mn] cfpg' x'Kk k'mNg' e'Sn'Ss x'g' . @= 3fpvl6f ;'lgg
' . #= sfdaf6 k'm;{t kfpg' pqg' . > pS;fO gf) pS;g] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . pS;fOg' s
) lqm) pS;g] kflg' pS;g nfOg' . pS;fpg' k|) ] lqm) pS;g] kfg'{ pS;g nfpg' . plS;g' c)
lqm) != pS;g' . @= pS;g] sfd xf]Og' . pv8f gf) [pvf8\ < ;+) pTvft <] }tLsf gfpFdf
gDaL btf{ geO{ hldgbfn] cfgf] OR5fcg';f gubL jf lhG;L p7fpg kfpg] uL sdfpg lbg] hldg
tLn] sdfpg] To:tf] Joj:yf ePsf] hUuf . (!(*! ;fndf s g+) sf] kmfd v8f uL hldgbfn] pv8
gfpFdf btf{ u]sf] o:tf] hUuf e"ld;'wf P]g, @)@) nfu" ePkl5 s]xL d'cfahf

125

pvG8!pu| hyfefaL ofFSg] sfd . pv]nfO gf) [ pv]n \ (cfO)] pv]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof [ >]
pv]nfOg' s) lqm) pv]Ng jf pvf8\g nfpg' . pv]nfpg' k|) ] lqm) pv]Ng nfpg' pvf8\g nf
pg' . pv]lng' s) lqm) pv]Ng] sfd ulg' pvfl8g' . pvf]wd{ gf) != s'g} sfds'fdf Psf]xf]l
] sfd v'Gwf . @= gx'g] jf gkfOg] sfds'fdf klg ln;f] nfUg] k|jl[ Q jf lemFhf]Ng] rfn .
lqm) lj) #= c;f4] Hofb} clt . pvf}tf] gf) [pv' cf}tf]] x]) pv]tf] . pulNrg' c) lqm) [
slNrg'] ps'r kN6g' pslNrg' . > puNRofO gf) pulNrg] sfd jf k|lqmof . puNRofOg' s) lq
m) puNRofpg] sfd ulg' . puNRofpg' k|) ] lqm) pulNrg nfpg' . pufpgL gf)lj) [pufpgL] x]
) p3fpgL . pufn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pb\ufn g'] != af]6la?jf cflb h};lxt pv]nL ladfv kfg'{
hf] ePsf a'6fa'6L klg df;] vf] ufpg' pvf8\g' . @= lkQn, tfdf cflb wft'sf efF8fdf cld
nf] j:t' xfnL pufn lgsfNg' pUng] ufpg' . #= ;Tofgfz kfg'{ lgd"{n ufpg' . pufn gf) [;+
) pb\ufn <] != tfdf, lkQn cflb wft'sf efF8fdf cldnf] j:t' kbf{ b]lvg] ljs[lt pUn]
wft'sf efF8fdf hDg] xlof] kbfy{ . @= efF8f pUn] vfg] j:t'df cfpg] tdtdfpFbf] :jfb
. #= dft kflQPsf] l:ylt . $= cldNbf] ld>0fn] jf hnjfo'sf] ljsfn] df cfpg] ljs[lt . >
pufnfO gf) pufNg] cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . puflng' s) lqm) pufNg] sfd ulg' . pu]f gf)
[ pu|fpg'] ufO{e}F;L cflb kz'n] vfO;s]sf] j:t' d'vdf NofP rkfpg] sfd pu|fpg] lqmof
jf cj:yf pu|fO . pu]n \ g' ;) lqm) [ ps]Ng'] x]) ps]Ng' . > pu]nfO gf) pu]Ng] sfd jf
k|lqmof . pu]nfOg' s) lqm) pu]Ng nfOg' . pu]nfpg' k|]) lqm) pu]Ng nfpg' . pu]lng'
s) lqm) pu]Ng] sfd ulg' . pUofF gf) kl5lNt nfdfnfdf 8f]Lsf k'msf{ clulNt kfFr rf];f
yf tL rf];fdf k~rdxfa'4sf lrq c
\lst x'g,] u'?
hfltsf k'f]lxt Wofk|Ln] lzdf nufpg] wft
'lgld{t d's'6 jf lzkf]; . pu| lj) [;+)] != xDd]l; glhs kg{ g;lsg] jf qm"tfk"0f{ Joj
xf ePsf] eo
\s 8nfUbf] . @= tLj| . #= pTs6 jf ljs6 kdf ;lqmo xg] ;xh} zfGt gx'g] s
$= clt c;f4] Hofbf . gf) %= lzj dxfb]j . sdf{ lj) ;fxl;nf] 8nfUbf] sd{ ug]{ cg}l
|i6sd{df nfUg] . uGw gf) != s8f uGw kkfpFbf] jf tdtdfpFbf]

lbP }tLsf gfpFdf btf{ ulPsf] 5 pv8f pGd"ng eO;s]sf] 5 .) . pvG8! lj) [;+) cv08] Hofb
f clt la5 w]} c;fWo} . pvG8@ lj) [psf;v08] }tLsf gfpFdf btf{ geO{ ;sfsf] cwLgdf
. pvdfpnf] gf) != 6G6nfk' 3fd 3fdsf] rsf]{ jf kf]Ng] fk . @= Hofb} s8f udL{ efj . #
's5's] afgL clt r~rntf . $= pR5[
\vntf . %= k|]dLk|]ldsf cflbsf aLr k:kdf crfgs cf3ft
kbf{ x'g] x[bosf] 56k6L dfgl;s si6 jf b'Mv . ^= ;lxg;Sg' emu8f . lj) &= Hofb} r~
rn cl:y . pvf8\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) pSvf8 g'] != af]6la?jf cflbnfO{ h};lxt pv]Ng' . @= x]
sf] 7fpFaf6 x6fpg' lemSg' . > pvf8fO gf) pvf8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pvfl8g' s) lqm)
pvf8\g] sfd ulg' . pvfg gf) [;+) pkfVofg] nf]shLjgdf k|rlnt cg'ejk"0f{ r'6\lsnf p
lQm nf]sf]lQm cfxfg sxfjt . ~ t'Ssf6'Ssf gf) nf]sf]lQm / d'xfa/f . pvftf{ gf) pv'sf]
'Kkf] pv'sf] aLp . pvfn gf) [;+) pTIffn] jdg jfGtf 5fb pN6L jfs . kvfn lqm) lj) !=
lng;Sg] uL (jdg lb;f x'g] lsl;d) pkt{nL . @= yfldg;Sg] uL (sfd kg]{ rfn) 5]nf]v]nf]
. pvfn\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) pSvfn g'] != s;}nfO{ p7Laf; nfpg' 9'6Ldf6L kfg'{ . @= af]6la?
jf cflb h};lxt pSsfpg' uf8]sf] vfFaf], afF; cflb pv]Ng' pvf8\g' . #= JofkfJoj;fo lau
f/] 6f6 pN6fpg' . > pvfnfO gf) pvfNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pvflng' s) lqm) pvfNg] sfd
ulg' p7Ljf; nfOg' . pv' gf) [k|f) OSv'] ;'n'Q k]sf] tyf cfFVnfbf 8fF7 x'g], rkfpFbf
jf k]Nbf u'lnof] ; lg:sg] lrgL;v cflb agfOg] u]df, 9f]8], sf];], l;6] cflb gfdn] k|l
4 af]6 OIf' . pv'd gf) [;+) pid] != s8f 3fd rsf]{ udL{ c;Xo tfk . lj) @= Hofb} c;f4]
;Xo (udL{) . pv]tf] gf) [pv' Ptf]] pv' sfl6;s]kl5 5f]l8Psf] efuaf6 knfpg] pv' pv' sf
l6;s]kl5 vFuf]sf] kft, 6'Kkf] cflb j:t' . (v gkfOg] 7fpFdf pv]tf]af6 klg 3 5fpg] ulG
5 .) . pv]n\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pTvft g'] != h};lxt af]6la?jf cflb pSsfpg' uf8]sf] afF;, v
Daf, sLnf cflbnfO{ aflx lemSg' pvfNg' . @= x]sf] 7fpFaf6 x6fpg' pvf8\g' . pv]n gf) [p
v]n \ c] pv]Ng] sfd . kfv]n gf) pv]Ng]

pu|fOpRr uGw . lj) @= To:tf] uGw ePsf] -n;'g, lx cflb_ . tf != pu| x'gfsf] efj jf l
:ylt 8nfUbf]kg s8fkg s7f]tf k|r08tf . @= jL ;df kfOg] JolerfL efjsf] Ps e]b . tf
jBfdWo] Ps ljBf Ps k|l;4 tff . kGyL lj) ;fdfGoeGbf ljkLt af6fdf lxF8\g] rn]sf] Joj:y
jf l;4fGtsf] rsf]{ k|ltf]w ug]{ ljkLt l;4fGtsf] r/dkGyL . jfb gf) xTof, n'6h:tf czfl
Gt dRrfP klg cfly{s ;dfgtf Nofpg rfxg] jfb jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) To:tf] l;4fGtdf nf
Ug] k|ltufdL . pu|fO gf) [ pu|fp (cfO)] pu|fpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pu|fOg' s) lqm
) pu|fpg] sfd ulg' kfu' dflg' . pu|fpg' ;) lqm) [k|f) plUu < ;+) pb\lu0fg'] != ufO{
cflb kz'n] lgln;s]sf] 3fF;, kfn cflb km]l d'vdf kmsf{O{ rkfpg' kfu' dfg'{ . @= Hofb
f vfg' w]} vfg' . pUng' c) lqm) [;+) pb\un g'] != lkQn, tfdf cflb wft'sf efF8fdf cldnf
] j:t' k] gfd|f] bfu a:g' pufn lg:sg' . @= ;j{gfz x'g' lgd"n { x'g' . #= gldNbf] ld>0
f jf o:t} ljs[ltn] df ljsf b]lvg' . > pUnfO gf) pUng] sfd jf k|lqmof . pUnfOg' s) lqm
) pUng] kflg' pUng nfOg' puflng' . pUnfpg' k|) ] lqm) pUng nfpg' pUng] kfg'{ . plUnFb
f] lj) plUnPsf] tdtldPsf] a]:jfbsf] . plUng' c) lqm) != pUng' . @= pUng] xf]Og' . p3
n gf) [p3fp cn] 7"nf] uf]nf] sf7sf] 8'F8df df]6f] 8f]nf] sf7s} laof]ff k'mnf] RofkL l
qsf7Lff 3'dfP jf a6f] t]n k]Ng] ;fwg cf]Vn] sf]n 3'd'jf sf]n . p3fO gf) [p3fp ( cfO
g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] p3fOg' s) lqm) p3fpg] sfd ulg' pefOg' . p3fpg' ;) lqm) [
efpg'] != c~h'nL uf8] jf efF8f] 8'afP kfgL, cGg cflb lemSg' pefpg' . @= clncln uL w]}
hgfaf6 gub jf lhG;L hDdf ug'{ . #= oyfzSo cfjZos vr{;d]t s6f}tL uL k};f hf]ufpg'
. p3fpgL gf) [p3fpgL] != kfgL cflb p3fpg] efF8f] . @= Ps kN6 pefP efF8fdf lems]sf]
j:t' . #= rGbf jf bfg pefP hDdf kfg]{ sfd ;
\u|x . $= ;fpg] ;
\qmflGt, kmfu'h:tf kj{d
f k|foM ufpF3lt p7fOg] gub jf lhG;L . %= of]u of]ubfg . lj) ^= ar]sf] afFsL x]sf] . ~
k'3fpgL gf) ufpF3sf }tLxn] ltg'{kg]{ ;fpg], kmfu' cflb sd p7fO{ dfnsfof{nodf a'emfpg
] sfd . p3f\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pb\3f6 g'] != cfj0f jf vf]n x6fpg' vf]Ng' v'nf kfg'{ . @=
sfPsf] vfkf cflbnfO{ 3'r]8] Ps s'gfdf k'ofpg' Xjf\ kfg'{ . > p3ffO gf) p3fg]{ lqmof
k|lqmof . p3flg' s) lqm) p3fg]{ sfd ulg' . p3ff] lj) != sxLF st} klg afaGb]h jf 5]sy'
126

s]xL gePsf] rf}lt v'nf x]sf] (7fpF) . @= ;a}lt lgsf; ePsf] (hUuf) . #= emL, afbn, t'j
Fnf] cflb gePsf] (lbg) v'n] 3fd nfu]sf] . p3|b F f] lj) [p3| bf]] p3|g nfu]sf] pl3|Psf
] v'Nbf] 5f\ . p3|g' c) lqm) [k|f) pU3f8 < ;+) pb\3f6] != 9f]sfsf] vfkf cflb v'n]sf]
g' p3ff] x'g' v'Ng' . @= emL, afbn cflb s]xL geO{ lbg pHofnf] x'g' cfsfzdf afbn kmf6\
g' . #= fd|f] b]lvg' ;'xfpg' . $= ;kmf x'g' s~rg b]lvg' . > p3|fO gf) p3|g] efj, lqm
of jf k|lqmof . p3|fOg' s) lqm) p3fg]{ sfd ulg' p3|g nfOg' . p3|fpg' k|) ] lqm) p3ff]
kfg'{ p3|g nfpg' p3fg'{ . pl3|g ' c) lqm) p3|g' . p\g' c) lqm) [p\ g'] a:bfa:b} lg
e'mNg' pFu nfUg' . p gf) [k|f) p\u] lgb|fn] nfPsf] l:ylt lgb|fsf] tGb|f pFu . pfO
(cfO)] p
\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] p
fOg' s) lqm) p
\g nfOg' p
\g] kflg' . p
fp
lqm) p
\g nfpg' p
\g] kfg'{ . pl
g' c) lqm) p
\g] sfd xf]Og' . prlgr gf) [;+) pRrgLr]
fg jf e"nn] ePsf] q'l6 k|dfb tndfly k]sf] s'f e"nr"s . prgLr gf) x]) prlgr . prfO gf
pRrcfO] pRr x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cUnf]kgf pFrfO . prfn\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) pRrf80f g'] !=
hldgdf jf s'g} cf8df x]sf] j:t'nfO{ xft jf oGqsf] d2tn] dfly Nofpg' dfl:t p7fpg' .
@= lk7"Fdf xfNg' af]Sg' . #= s;}nfO{ s'g} vfa sfd ug{ pS;fpg' pfNg' . $= cUNofpg' pFr
] kfg'{ . > prfnfO gf) prfNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . prflng' s) lqm) prfNg] sfd ulg' p7f
Og' . plrt lj) [;+)] s'g} cj;, kll:ylt cflbsf lglDt pko'Qm jf cg's"n h:tf] x'g'kg]{
xf] To:t} ;'xfpFbf] l7Ss of]Uo ldNbf] d'gfl;a . pr] \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) pRrng] 5fPsf]
f v cflb km]g{sf nflu lemSg' jf RofTg' p3fg'{ . > pr]fO gf) pr]g]{ sfd jf k|lqmof .
pr]fOg' s) lqm) pr]g{ nfOg' . pr]fpg' k|]) lqm) pr]g{ jf p3fg{ nfpg' . pr]lg' s) lqm)
pr]g]{ sfd ulg' p3flg' . pr]f] gf) [;+) pRrfn] gsf] km]bg] s'gfsfgLdf pKsg] 5fnfsf]
]{ jf kfk|f] . pRr lj) [;+)] != csf] ck]Iff a9L prfO ePsf] cUnf] pFrf] . @= c;n >]i7
Qd ljlzi6 . #= ;aeGbf dfly x]sf] dflyNnf] . $= pkNnf] txsf] :tLo . ~ cbfnt gf) lhNnf
bfnteGbf dflyNnf] ;jf]{Rr cbfnteGbf

127

pRrtfpl5lg' ug{ of]Uo pRrf0f x'g ;Sg] . pRrflt lj) [;+)] af]lnPsf] pRrf0f ulPsf]
fo{ lj) [;+)] pRrf0f ug{ jf af]Ng nfos pRrf0fLo . pRr}M>jf gf) [;+)] != b]jfh OGb|sf]
jfxg OGb| ;jf x'g] 3f]8f . lj) @= alxf] sfg g;'Gg] . pRrf] lj) [;+) pRr] cUnf] pFrf]
. pR5 lj) [;+) pRr6] la5 pTkft rsf]{ pHhG8 . pR5Gg lj) [;+)] != vtd kflPsf] ljgi6
Psf] jf n'Kt . pR5n lj) [;+)] != 5fn p7]sf] pln{Psf] . @= ;xh lg:;[t . > pR5ng gf)
pn{g] sfd t\lut cj:yf . pR5fOnf] lj) pl3|Psf] ;'xfpFbf] rf}lt v'n]sf] . plR5Gg lj)
sf6], kmfF8] tf]8kmf]8 u] gi6 kflPsf] . ~ ljlR5Gg lj) tx;gx; kflPsf] kmfF8k'mF8 u
f] . plR5i6 lj) [;+)] != vfP afFsL x]sf] k'f h'7f] . gf) @= To:tf] vfg]s'f] . pR5[\
[;+)] != lgodcg'zf;gsf] kfng gug]{ dgkL Jojxf ug]{ jf af]Ng] :j]R5frfL . @= ;f]dt ge
Psf] pQfpnf] p208 . #= qmd gldn]sf] l;nl;nf gePsf] . tf gf) hyfefaL ug]{ k|j[lQ pQfp
f]kg . pR5]Qf lj) [;+)] != pR5]b jf gi6 ug]{ gfz kfg]{ . @= n5fk5f kfg]{ n'5\g] pv]Ng
. pR5]bpR5]bg gf) [;+)] != h}bl] v vtd ug]{ jf pv]Ng] sfd lgd"{n kfg]{ lqmof jf efj
pl5Qf] . @= ;Tofgfz ljgfz ;+xf . #= v08g . pR5]nL gf) [;+) pR5fn] != k|]dLk|]ldsfsf
aLr cfk;df ulg] lauf la7fOF . @= s;' ckfw . #= efF8e}nf] . pR5\jl;t lj) [;+)] != xi
k'mn]sf] Hofb} k|;Gg xlif{t . @= d"R5f{af6 Ao"FlemPsf] ;f; km]]sf] . pR5\jf; gf) [;+)
] != j]bgf k|s6 ug]{ ;"rssf kdf lg:sg] dfl:t tflgPsf] nfdf] ;f; . @= ulxf] nfdf] ;f
; ;':s]f . #= cfVoflosf, pkGof; cflb k|aGwsfJosf] cWofo ;u{ . > pR5\jf;L lj) != nfdf
] ;f; km]g]{ ;':s]f xfNg] . @= j}nfPsf] . #= dg{ nfu]sf] d0ff;Gg . p5f gf) k'm;{b cj
. ~ k5f gf) != cj; df}sf k'm;{b cjsfz . @= n'uf cflb j:t' w'Fbf lyryfr kfg]{ sfd .
f] gf) s]6fs]6Ln] cndNofP s]xL sfd ug{ glbg] l:ylt d]nf]d];f] gkfOg] cj:yf p5fk5f . p
fn gf) [;+) pR5fng] jdg afGtf pN6L . pl5lg' c) lqm) [;+) pR5ng O g'] !=s'g} j:t' 7Ls
f gkL k k'Ug' plk|mg' . @= pDsg' efUg' k'mTsg' . #= 6fk s:g' . > pl5fO gf) pl5lg]
f

tNnf] txsf] Gofofno If]qLo cbfnt . td lj) ;a}eGbf cUnf] xb pFrf] ;j{>]i7 ;jf{]Qd . p
rtf gf) [;+)] pRr x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf pFrfO >]i7tf . af]w gf) cfk"m 7"nf] x'F eGg]
dfgl;stf pRrtfu|lGy . ef; gf) cfk"mnfO{ cfgf] :t jf IfdtfeGbf 7"nf] 7fGg] dgf]jl[ Q
Rrtfaf]w u'?tfef; . pRr0f gf) [;+)] s07, tfn', bGt cflb :yfgaf6 zAb lg:sg] sfd pRrf0f
. pRrlt lj) [;+)] d'vaf6 zAb lgsflnPsf] pRrf0f ulPsf] af]lnPsf] . pRr ju{ gf) [;+)]
fhdf wg k|lti7fsf b[li6n] dflyNNff] txsf] hg;d'bfo wlgsju{ wgLdfgL . pRr lzIff gf)
[;+)] k|j]lzsfeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] lzIff :gfts txb]lv dflysf] lzIff . pRr ;bg gf) [
;+)] l;bgfTds Joj:yflksf ePsf] fHo Joj:yfdf lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt;d]tsf k|ltlglwsf] d
flyNnf] ;bg . pRr:tLo lj) [;+)] != dflyNnf] txsf] bhf{, dfg, k|lti7f cflbsf b[li6n]
gfd rn]sf] . @= s'nkDkf, wg;DklQ ;Eotfsf b[li6n] k|Voft . pRrfsf\Iff gf) [;+)] dxfg
\ jf dxjk"0f{ sfds'fsf] cfsf\Iff 7"nf] OR5f jf rfxgf . > pRrfsf\IfL lj) dxjfsf\IfL
f6 gf) [;+)] != nuftf Pp6} sfddf nfluxFbf x'g] lbSbfL ljlQm gdfOnf]kgf pf7 . @= t
k|of]un] ufOg] qf; jf ljlQm . #= tGqsf 5 clerfsd{dWo] Ps . $= n'5\g] jf pv]Ng] sfd
. pRrf6g gf) [;+)] != tGqdGqsf] k|of]un] ulg] qf; jf ;+xf tGqsf 5 clerfsd{dWo] Ps . @
= pf7 emsf]{ . pRrfl6nf] lj) [pRrf6 Onf]] pf7nfUbf] pRrf6nfUbf] . pRrfo'Qm gf) [;+)]
} ljz]if ljefu jf sfdsf lglDt lgo'Qm pRr clwsfL (rLkm sld:g) . pRrf gf) [;+)] d'vaf6
j0ff{Tds Wjlg lgsfNg] sfd af]nL pRrf0f . pRrfs lj) [;+)] pRrf jf pRrf0f ug]{ af]Ng
u gf) :joGqb]lv dflysf ljleGg pRrf0fcjoj . pRrf0f gf) [;+)] != cn] ;'Gg] uL d'vaf6 j
{Tds Wjlg lgsfNg] sfd af]nL . @= dgdf nfu]sf s'f d'vaf6 JoQm ug]{ rfn af]nfO . ~ cj
oj gf) d'vleqaf6 lg:s]sf] jfo' 7Ss vfP j0f{sf] k k|bfg ug]{ d'vleqsf cjoj (s07, tfn'
, cf]i7, bGt, d"4f{ cflb) . ~ :yfg cf+lzs jf k"0f{ :kz{ff Wjlg pTkGg x'g] cf]7b]lv
unf;Ddsf ljleGg zfLls :yn . > pRrf0fLo lj) af]Ng nfos pRr0f

pl5tf]pl5Qf]pHh}g sfd . pl5fOg' s) lqm) pl5lg] kflg' . pl5fpg' k|) ] lqm) pl5lg]
fpg' pDsfpg' . pl5tf]pl5Qf] gf) [k|f) plR5Q < ;+) pR5]tf] != ;j{gfz ;Togfz p7Laf; . @
= d[To' d0f . pl5g\g' ;) lqm) [;+) plR5Gg g'] != s'g} sfds'fdf cfk"meGbf cufl8 ePsfnf
lht] :jod\ cl3 nfUg' cl3 x'g' lhTg' . @= csf{sf] kfnf] ldRg' . pl5gkfl5g gf) [pl5g (
l))] tF5f8d5f8 u] cufl8 nfUg] k|lt:kwf{ k:ksf] pl5gfO . pl5gfO gf) [ pl5g\ (cfO)]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pl5gfOg' s) lqm) pl5Gg nfOg' cl3 nufOg' . pl5gfpl5g gf) [
pl5gcfpl5g] pl5gkfl5g . pl5gfpg' k|) ] lqm) [pl5g\cfpg'] pl5Gg nfpg' pl5Gg] kfg'{ . p
5lgg' s) lqm) [pl5g\Og'] pl5Gg] sfd ulg' clu nflug' . pl5lNng' c) lqm) [;+) pt\ zLn
rflxFbf]grflxFbf] s'f dfq ulxg' l5lNng' prSsf x'g' . @= dft lgsfNg' kflQg' . > pl5NNo
OF gf) pl5lNng] lqmof jf efj l5lxNofO p6'\UofOF . pl5NNofO gf) pl5lNng] sfd jf k|lqmo
f . pl5NNofOg' s) lqm) pl5lNng nfOg' . pl5NNofpg' k|) ] lqm) pl5lNng] kfg'{ . pl5
NNofxf lj) pl5NNofOF ug]{ pl5lNnPsf] pR5[\vn . p5g' c) lqm) [;+) pR5o0f g'] udL{n],
sf pQfkn], h'7f] vfgfn] To:t} ljiffQm s'f] nfUgfn] 5fnfdf ;;fgf laldf jf kmf]sfx lg
:sg' 8fa p7\g' . > p5fO gf) p5g] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . p5fOg' s) lqm) pl5g] kflg'
k|) ] lqm) p5g nfpg' . pl5g ' c) lqm) x]) p5g' . phG8 lj) x]) pHhG8 . phftL gf) [c)
c <] s'g} sf0fn] ;b :ofxfdf cfDbfgL jf vr{ afFWg gldNg] eO{ afFsL x]sf] sdsnd kml5{g
afFsL x]sf] cfDbfgLvr{ ph|fFtL . phfO gf) [ phfp (cfO)] phfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] phfOg' s) lqm) xltofn] tflsg' phfpg] sfd ulg' . phfpg' ;) lqm) [;+) pBtg g'] lxsf{
Ng] xf] ls h:tf] u] xltof p7fpg' xltofn] tfSg' v;L cflbsf] df xfGg l7Ss kg'{ bfUg'
' . phf8\g' ;) lqm) [phf8 g'] phfg'{ kmfF8\g' . phf8 gf) [;+) pHhf8] != h};d]t dfl;g]
af]6la?jf cflb lgdf]7gfdf]7 kfg]{ sfd pv]Ng] jf phf8\g] sfd . @= af]6la?jf gePsf
] jf k|f0fLx sf]xL ga:g] 7fpF ;'g;fg
128

a:tL . #= ;Tofgfz ljgfz . $= afnLgfnL s]xL gnfUg] . lj) %= pf7nfUbf] lrRRofx6nfUbf]

. phfl8g' s) lqm) [phf8 O g'] phf8\g] sfd ulg' phflg' . phf\g' ;) lqm) [phf8 g'] !=
] af]6la?jf cflb lgdf]7gfdf]7 kfg'{ ;vfk kfg'{ kmfF8g \ ' df:g' . @= vfnL kfg'{ z"Go
ufpg' . phf gf) [ phf8] z"Go l:ylt ljgfz phf8 . phflg' s) lqm) phfg]{ sfd ulg' .
) lqm) [pHofnf] O g'] != rxlsnf] x'g' pHofnf] x'g' rDsg' . @= cfuf]df ufn]kl5 jf kfs]k
l5 ;'grfFbL cflb bfulxt x'g' ;kmf x'g' . > plhNofO gf) plhlng] jf plhNofpg] lqmofk|
lqmof . plhNofOg' s) lqm) plhNofpg] sfd ulg' . plhNofpg' k|) ] lqm) pHofnf] kfg'{ rD
sfpg' . ph' gf) [c) ph|] cfk"mdfly k]sf] cGofo jf kLdsf{ vf]nL ;DalGwt clwsfLnfO{ cju
t ufpg] sfd To:tf] kLdsf{ k]sf] s'f n]vL sfg'gL sfafO{sf lglDt ;DalGwt JolQm jf sfof{
o cflbdf k]; ug]{ lgj]bg ph'L . ~ afh' gf) gfln;, ph' cflb . jfnf lj) s'g} d'2f dfl
g{ ;lsg] s'fdf cfcbfntdf uP ph' ug]{ jf Gofo dfUg] (JolQm) . ph'L gf) [ph' O{] != cl
;dIf kLdsf{ kf]Vg] sfd ph' ug]{ sfd . @= ph' . ~ kq gf) ph'Lsf] sfut . ph]n\g' ;)
[ph]nL g'] efF8fs'F8f, uuxgf cflbnfO{ cfuf]df kf]n] jf cldnf] kbfy{ cflbn] wf]P rlDsn
f] kfg'{ rdsbf agfpg' . > ph]lng' s) lqm) ph]nf] kfg]{ sfd ulg' . ph]nL lj) [pHofnf] O
] != emsemsL pHofnf] ePsf] pHHjn h"g nfu]sf] (ft) . @= cFWoff]df rds cfpg] (9'\uf, v
flb) . ~ sf7 gf) flt pHofnf] b]lvg] sf7 . ~ kR5] gf) z'SnkIf . ~ ft gf) h'g]nL ft . p
hG8 lj) [p208] != lgodcg'zf;gsf] kfng gug]{ vf] :jefjsf] pR5[v \ n p4t . @= s;}nfO{ g
Gg] c6]L . #= vf] :jefjsf] p208 . pHh lj) [pHHjn] != rxlsnf] v'Nbf] rlDsnf] . @= ;k
snf] . #= pHofnf] . pHhLjg gf) [;+)] afFRg] cf; xfPsf] JolQmn] pkrf cflbff :jf:Yonfe
ug]{ sfd gofF hLjgsf] k|flKt . pHhLljt lj) [;+)] k'ghL{jg kfPsf] km]l hLjg k|fKt u]sf
] . pHh}g gf) [;+) pHhlogL] eftdf l:yt ;ft df]Ifk'LdWo]

129

pHHjnp7fg p6'u \ f] lj) != x]) p6'u \ L . gf) @= xF:;L 7f lbNnuL . > p6'\UofOF gf)
NnuL 7fd:sL Vofn7f . p6'\Uofxf lj) p6'u \ L. p\lst lj) [;+)] != d'lb|t 5flkPsf]
lPsf] plNnlvt . pf gf) [k|f) p6\7f] != a;f]af; u]sf] 7fpF 5f8\g] jf 5f]8fpg] sfd p7La
; . @= a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 lg cflbsf] lgx'Fdf ;fx"n] cf;fdLnfO{ x6fpg] sfd af; cflb p7f
pg] sfd . af; gf) != a;]sf] 7fpF jf 3af6 ;fx" cflbn] hah{:tL x6fpg] sfd a]bvn ug]{ s
fd . @= ulx]sf] Jofkf cflb lau|g] sfd 6f6 pN6g] l:ylt . pLaf; gf) x]) p6\7faf; . p7\
) lqm) [k|f) p6\7 g'] != ;'ts ] f] jf a;]sf] l:yltaf6 v8f x'g' pleg' l7\u x'g' . @= l
gb|fn] 5f8\g' lapFemg' . #= a;]sf] 7fpF 5f8\g' a;fOF ;g'{ . $= klxn]eGbf pGglt x'g
' pFef] nfUg' . %= cf;fdL, df]xL cflbaf6 lng'kg]{ ?lkofF, afnL cflb c;'npk x'g' .
^= ulxf] efu k'lg' cUnf] x'g' . p7 gf) [;+) plTyt] a;]sf] jf ;'ts ] f] l:yltaf6 pleg
] sfd v8f x'g] lqmof . (pbf) 3df ltgnfO{ p7 a; ug]{ l:ylt k]sf] 5 .) . p7tL gf) [p7\
] cf;fdLaf6 cfpg] Aofh jf df]xLaf6 cfpg] afnLgfnL cflb c;'n txl;n cfo:tf . k'7tL gf)
cfo:tf p7tL c;'ntxl;n . p7a; gf) [p7\ a;\] != p7\g] a:g] sfd . @= a;fp7L d]nldnfk .
;hfo jf Jofofdsf lglDt p7\t}a:t} ug]{ k|lqmof . p7fO gf) [ p7\ (cfO)] p7\g] efj, l
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] p7fOg' s) lqm) p7fpg nfOg' lapFemfOg' . p7fpg' k|]) lqm) [p7
\ cfp g'] != lgb|faf6 hufpg' lapFemfpg' . @= 7f8f] kfg'{ 78fpg' pEofpg' v8f ug'{ . #=
]af; u]sf] 7fpFaf6 x6fpg' p7Laf; nfpg' . $= cf;fdLaf6 ;fjfFAofh cflb lng' df]xLaf6
s't, clwofF jf x'G8f cflb lng' c;'n ug'{ . ;) lqm) %= s'g} sfdsf] yfngL ug'{ sfd ;
'? ug'{ . ^= sfdsf] lhDdf lng' cleeff af]Sg' . &= s;}nfO{ sfd ug]{ k|]0ff lbg' pT;fl
xt kfg'{ . *= s;}sf] pGgltsf nflu wg cflbn] d2t ug'{ pBf]udf nufpg' . (= prfNg' wf
k lbg' dfly k'ofpg' . > p7fpgL gf) p7fpg] sfd jf p7fPsf] efu . p7fg gf) [;+) pTyfg]
yfngL ;'? cfDe k|fDe pTyfg . ~ k7fg gf) p7fpg] k7fpg] sfd d]sf lkt[sf gfpFdf zo
lbg] sfd . ~ a}7fg gf) cfDe ;dflKt yfngL t'gL{ v]jff d}emff] .

Ps dxfslj sflnbf;sf] d]3b"t v08sfJodf plNnlvt P]ltxfl;s :yfg . pHHjn lj) [;+)] != pH
ofnf] rxsbf . @= ;kmf ;'lsnf] lgd{n . #= lgisn\s a]bfu s~rg . tf gf) pHHjn x'gfsf]
'0f jf l:ylt pHofnf]kg rxs rds . pHHjng gf);+) != rds sflGt . @= aNg] sfd . #= cfuf]
. > pHHjlnt lj) rlDsnf] pHHjn kflPsf] . pHoflng' c) lqm) [pHofnf] O g'] pHofnf] b]lvg'
sbf b]lvg' . pHofnf] lj) [;+) pHHjn] != cFWoff] gePsf] k|sfzo'Qm . @= pHh rlDsnf] . #
;'xfpFbf] v'Nbf] . gf) $= k|sfz Hof]lt . ph||fFtL gf) [phftL] x]) phftL . pemfO gf)
pemfp (cfO)] pemfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof phfO . [ > ] pemfOg' s) lqm) pemfpg] sfd ulg' phf
Og' . pemfpg' ;) lqm) x]) phfpg' . plemlG8g' c) lqm) [plemG8f] O g'] != s'g} j:t' cUnf]
7fpFdf 8f]L cflbn] afFlwP n6\lsg' e'mlG8g' 6fFlug' . @= 3fF6Ldf 8f]L cflbsf] kf;f] nf
P cfTdxTof ug{' . plemG8f] gf) [;+) pt\ w[`] != s'g} j:t' e'mG8fpg blngdf afFwL tn v;
flnPsf] 8f]L jf s8f 7]sL, e'F8\sf] jf o:t} efF8fsf] 3fF6Ldf afFlwg] 8f]L . @= 3fF8f
] cNemf] . plemG8fO gf) [ plemG8fp (cfO)] plemlG8g] cj:yf jf sfd . [ > ] plemG8fOg'
qm) plemG8fpg] sfd ulg' . plemG8fpg' ;) lqm) [plemG8f]ofpg'] != e'mG8fpg' 6fFUg' n
. k|) ] lqm) [plemlG8ofpg'] @= plemG8f] kfg'{ plemlG8g nfpg' . #= 3fF8f] jf cNemf]
nfpg' . p~5 gf) [;+)] v]tafLaf6 afnLgfnL sf6] leofO;s]kl5 e'O{Fdf afFsL x]sf jf ldlN
sPsf cGg l;nf . j[lQ gf) v]tafLdf afnL leofPkl5 x]kx]sf] cGg jf afnf hDdf u] hLljsf
g] sfd To:tf] lsl;dn] ulg] hLjg lgjf{x . zLn lj) l;nf vf]h ] hLjg wfGg] (JolQm) . p6s
f) [;+) pRrs] != kfxflnf] hldg cUnf] e"ld y'DsL 6fL hldg . @= kfgL gnfUg] hUuf . p6h
f) [;+)] 3fF;kfn jf :ofpnf cflbn] ag]sf] ;fgf] 3 5fk|f] e'mk|f] s'6L e'mk8L . p6k6f
) != grflxFbf] pkb|f] dfq ulxg] pG7]pnf] . @= rsrs] r~rn :jefjsf] . #= 7fd:sL ug'k {
76\f}nf] p6'U \ ofxf . p6'u \ L lj) [p6'u \ f] O{] != p6k6f sfds'f u] xF;L7f u
.

pl7g'ptl;{g' pl7g' c) lqm) [p7\ O g'] p7\g] sfd xf]Og' pleg' . p7LlrNnL gf) [p7L larNn
pLaf; . @= a;f]af; u]sf] 7fpF anft\ 5f8\g'kbf{ cfOkg]{ b'v];f] larNnL lrNnLlaNnL .
p7Laf; gf) [p7\ af;] x]) pfaf; pLaf; . p8\g' c) lqm) [;+) pog g'] != rf cflbn] kv]6
fzdfu{df 3'Dg' . @= xjfO{hxfh, x]lnsf]K6, s]6 cflb dfly hfg' jf ltgdf a;] cfsfzdfu{ff
Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf k'Ug' . #= l;l4g' vtd x'g' gfl;g' . $= x6fpg' d]l6g' . %=
grflxFbf] lsl;dn] wgk};f ;lsg' vr{ x'g' . p8sf gf) nfdf] r'Rrf] x'g] afO{sf \usf] ;ff
Fhqf], l;d;fdf kfOg] Ps rf] rfxf nfdr'Rr] . p8g gf) [p8\ cg] p8\g] sfd . ~ t:tL gf)
f kfOg] cfsfzdf p8\g] 8'\uf sfNklgs xjfO{ hxfh . wd{L{ lj) p8\g] jf p8] lanfpg] :jefj
f] (rf], xfjf, sk' cflb) . p8Gtf lj) [p8\ cGtf] != s'g} k|df0f jf b;L gePsf] a]k|df0fs
f] p8'jf (xNnf jf s'f) . @= grflxFbf] lsl;dn] vr{ ug]{ kmh'nvrL{ vrf{n' . #= hxfFtxL
F k'Ug] 3'dGtf . p8Gtfd\ lj) [p8\ cGtfd\] x]) p8Gtf . p8GtL lj) [p8\ cGtL] x]) p8Gtf .
p8Gt] lj) [p8\ cGt]] p8\g] hftsf] p8'jf . p8fO gf) [ p8\ (cfO)] p8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|
qmof . [ > ] p8fOg' s) lqm) p8\g] kflg' p8\g nfOg' . p8fpg' k|) ] lqm) != p8\g nfpg'
p8\g] kfg'{ . ;) lqm) @= lvl;l6pL ug'{ luHofpg' . #= ePgePsf] s'f ufF;] pfNg', k'mSof
pg' . $= grflxFbf] lsl;dn] wgk};f df:g' a]tlsfn] vr{ ug'{ ckJoo ug'{ . %= atf;n] w"n
f]df6f] cflb ;udf nfg' . ^= gf\nf] cflb xDs] atf; nufO{ e';, ku6f cflb x6fpg' . &=
s'g} j:t' yfxf gkfO{ nfg' rf]g{' . *= s'g} sfds'f] ldlnSs} ;Sg' . (= vfg]s ' f] k'mt
L{;fy l56} vfg' . p8fg gf) [p8\ cfg] !=kv]6f jf cGo ;fwgsf] ;xfotfn] cfsfzdf dfly;D
d k'Ug] sfd xjfO{hxfhff Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFsf nflu ulg] k|:yfg . @= p8\g] lqmof jf
efj p8fO . ~ s gf) xjfO{hxfhaf6 k|:yfg ubf{ ljdfg :yndf p7fOg] cltlQm z'Ns . ~ ;]jf
f) xjfO{;j ] f. p8fn' lj) [p8\ cfn'] != w]} ;do;Dd p8\g] :jefjsf] . @= clgolGqt kdf v
r{ ug]{ vrf{n' . pl8NofOF gf) [pl8Nofp cfOF] pl8Nofpg] rfn axsfj6 . pl8Nofpg' ;) lqm)
s;}nfO{ gePsf sfds'fdf ;sf{pg' jf lh:Sofpg' p8fpg' .
130

p8' gf) [;+)] != gIfq tff . @= rf kIfL . #= 8'\uf gfp . u0f gf) tffsf] ;d"x gIf
f) rGb|df . p8'Nsf] gf) ;Dd 7fpFdf s]xL p7]sf] efu . p8'jf lj) [p8\ pjf] != p8\g] :j
efjsf] . @= a]kd | f0fsf] cfwfxLg p8Gtf . #= rflxFbf]eGbf a9\tf vr{ ug]{ kmh'nvrL{ .
~ Eofu'tf] gf) ;fgf] ;nSs k]sf], kftnf nfdf v'f x'g] cf}Fnfsf sfkdf kftnf] 5fnf x'
g], 6'Kkf ufF7fufF7f k]sf], vdf a:g] Ps vaf6 csf]{ vdf xftv'f km}nfO{ ;lhn} hfg;Sg
Eofu'tf] (peor ;d"xdf kg]{ of] Eofu'tf], g]kfn, eft cflb b]zdf kfOG5 .) . ~ df5f] g
f) cufl8 kv]6f km}lnP rfsf] h:t} ePsf], k'mQk'mQ kfgLdf p8\g ;Sg], cGbfhL !) OGr nf
df] x'g] Ps df5f] (df5f;d"xdf kg]{ of] df5f] lxGb cfGw| dxf;fudf kfOG5 .) . ~ nf]
vs] { gf) nfdf], e'jfbf, WjfF;] k]sf] zL 7"nf sfg ePsf], vdf a:g], flt lxF88'n ug]
ld6;Dd p8\g ;Sg] nf]vs]{ . (:tgwfL ;d"xdf kg]{ o; nf]vs]{sf] 5fnf km}lnP kv]6fh:tf
] ag]sf] x'G5) . p8'; gf) [;+) pb\b+z] kn, la5f}gf, e"mn cflbdf x'g], uxth:tf] sn]h
L sf], dflg;sf] ut r':g] RofK6f] sLf . > p8';] lj) p8';h:tf] p8';sf] 5fF6sf] . p8\sg
lqm) != s'g} ljifosf af]df bf]if b]vfpg' jf efFhL xfNg] rrf{ ug'{ csf{sf] sdhf]L n
uftf sf]6fOxg' . @= cfk"maf6 ePu]sf sfds'f afDaf bf]xf]ofpg' . #= fd|f] ;DaGw ePs
u klg rflxg]grflxg] s'f u] afg' . $= lrNnf] nfu]sf efF8fat{g cflbnfO{ k'msf] e"; jf v
gL bn] ;kmf ug'{ . > p8\sfO gf) p8\sg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . p8\sfOg' s) lqm) p8\sg
nfOg' . p8\sfpg' k|) ] lqm) p8\sg nfpg' csf{sf] bf]if sf]fpg' . p8\s';Ld'8\s';L gf)
p8\s';L (l))] s]6fs]6Ln] e'Od F{ f xft lkmFhfL k:kdf d'8\sLn] lxsf{P v]Ng] Ps v]n . p
8\s]nf gf) [;+) pTs[t ] ] rfs b'O{ k}tfnfn] dfq 6]s] a:g] sfd 6'qm'Sssf] a;fO . pog
) [;+)] hldg 5f8] cfsfzdfu{af6 lxF8\g] sfd p8fg (h:tf] xjfO{pog) . p8\bf] lj) [p8\ bf]
pl8x]sf] l56f]5ltf] . :qL) p8\bL . ~ rf] v;fNg' 6') c;Dej sfd ug'{ . pt\ pk) [;+)]
if{, p7fg, ;Gb]x, k|Zg, ljrf cflbsf] cy{Bf]tg ug]{ pk;u{ (pBf]u, pTkft, pTkfbg O))
. ptl;{g' c) lqm) [;+) pt\ t[if\ g'] != lbSs dfg] af]Ng', ems{g' RofFlg' . @= Hofbf p
07t eP xtflg' cflQP sfd ntkt kfg'{ . > pt:of{O gf) ptl;{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pt:of{O
g' s) lqm) ptl;{g] ufOg' ptl;{g

131

ptfpQ pTqmd gf) [;+)] != dfly r9\g] jf pSng] sfd pTyfg . @= lxF8\g] sfd k|:yfg . > pT
qmd0f gf) pTqmd . pTqmflGt gf) [;+)] != alxu{dg k|:yfg lxF8g \ ] sfd . @= pk|mg] sfd
km8\sf] . #= k|f0fTofu d[To' . ~ w]g' gf) wd{zf:qcg';f k|f0f hfg] a]nfdf ulg] ufO{bf
g . pTqmf]z gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] :j 7"nf] vnanL sf]nfxn lrRRofx6 . @= 3f]if0ff uh{g . p
TIfKt gf) [;+)] != lha|fsf] 6'Kkfn] tfn'nfO{ lk6\bf pRrlt x'g] Wjlg . lj) @= pkmflP
sf] dfl:t ofFlsPsf] . pTIf]kpTIf]k0f gf) [;+)] != dfl:t ofFSg] sfd k|If]k0f dfly k
fd . pTvgs lj) [;+)] df6fd'lg u8]ba]sf wg, dfn cflb vg] lgsfNg] hldg vg] k'ftfljs cjz
ifsf] vf]hL ug]{ (JolQm) . pTvgg gf) [;+)] != hldgd'lg vg] k'ftflTjs cjz]if vf]Hg]
sfd k|fu}ltxfl;s sfnsf] cjz]if kQf nfpg hldg vf]tNg] sfd . @= u8]sf] wg, dfn cflb
lemSg hldg vGg] sfd . pQKt lj) [;+)] != Hofb} tftf] kflPsf] wswsfpFbf] . @= ctfl;P
sf] ;GtKt . #= l;fPsf] qm'4 . pQd lj) [;+)] != ;a}eGbf c;n hftL a]; pDbf . tf gf)
gfsf] efj jf cj:yf >]i7tf . ~ k'?if gf) != ;a} s'faf6 dflyNnf] txsf] dflg; . @= ;+:
s[t tyf g]kfnL Jofs0fsf cg';f af]Ng] JolQmnfO{ a'emfpg] ;j{gfd (d, xfdL) . pQdf gf)
[;+)] != >]i7 :qL . @= Ps k|sfsf] h8La'6L . ~ b"tL gf) ;flxTodf dL7fdL7f fd|f s'fn]
gfos gflosfnfO{ ;DemfO{a'emfO{ ug]{ b"tL . ~ gflosf gf) qm'4 kltnfO{ ;d]t ;Fefn] cg'
s"n agfpg] kltj|tf gflosf :jsLof gflosf . pQdf\un ' gf) [;+)] != cf7 hf}afasf] gfkf]
kf}g] OGrL . @= 7"nf] cf}Fnf dfgs c\u'n . pQdf]Qd lj) [;+)] ;aeGbf c;n ;jf]{Qd ;j{>]i
7 . pQ gf) [;+)] != s'g} k|Zg, z\sf cflbsf] ;dfwfgsf lglDt elgg] s'f] hjfkm . @= kLIf
df ;f]lwPsf k|Zgsf ;DaGwdf lnlvt jf df}lvs kdf lbOg] aofg jf s'f . #= ;"of]{bo ePl
t d'v kmsf{pFbf b]a|]lt kg]{ lbzf blIf0f lbzfsf] ljkLt lbzf . $=kl5 cfpg] ;do . %= d
xfeftsfnLg ljf6\ fhfsf] 5f]fsf] gfd . lj) ^= kl5sf] kl5Nnf] . ~ sf08 gf) pQfw{sf syf
36gfsf] j0f{g ePsf] c+z (fdfo0fsf] pQsf08) . ~ sfn gf) cfpFbf] ;do eljiot\sfn . ~ l
qmof gf) dflg;sf] k|f0f uPkl5 d[tssf p4fsf nflu ulg] sfhlqmof bfx;+:sf cGTo]li6 .

nfOg' . pt:of{pg' k|]) lqm) ptl;{g nfpg' ems{g] kfg'{ . ptf gf) of] ) [ p tf ] p;tkm{
Totf pxfF . plt lqm) lj) ptf st} ptflt otfplt ptfxF'bf] . ptf\g' ;) lqm) [ptf
jf 8'a]sf] wgdfn, k|f0fL cflbnfO{ aflx lemSg' psf:g' . @= s'g} j:t'nfO{ dfly tfGg' l
vRg' . #= d"n k|ltaf6 h:tfsf] t:t} ;fg'{ gsn n]Vg' l6kf]6 ug'{ . ptf gf) [;+) pQf] !=
;snaf6 ;f]sf] kq gsn . @= l6kf]6 l6Kk0fL . #= p4[t c+z p40f . $= ;\uLtdf r9]sf] :j
n{g] sfd cjf]x . ktf gf) csf{nfO{ xf]Rofpg] v]bf] ug]{ sfd P]f]v]bf] . ptflg' s
tf\ O g'] ptfg]{ sfd ulg' psfl;g' . ptfgL{ gf) [ptf gL] s;}sf] k5fl8 p;sf] bf]ifsf] av
]{ sfd csf{sf] s'f sf6\g] sfd abVjfOF . plt lj) [p lt] != klxn]sf] gfk jf egfO;x pmhl
Q TolQ hlt . @= w]} k|z:t . sf] lj) Tolt w]} eg]h:t} a9L w]} Hofbf plQsf] . >
j) tf]lsPsf] a]nf;Dd Tolta];Dd ToltGh]n pltGHofn . pltGHofn lqm) lj) pltGh]n . dfly
m) lj) olt eg] klg eGbfeGb} Ps k6s km]l fd|L a'emfP klg . plt; gf) [plQ;] x]) plQ;
6 lj) [;+)] Hofb} tLj| s8f . tf gf) pTs6 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf tLj|tf s8fkg pu|tf .
07f gf) [;+)] s'g} ljifoaf] ;'Gg, b]Vg jf s'g} j:t' kfpgsf lglDt x'g] 56k6L k|an OR
5f rf}rf} pT;'stf . pTsl07t gf) [;+)] pT;'s . tf gf) pTsl07t x'g] efj jf cj:yf . > p
Tsl07tf gf) ;flxTodf ;\s]t:yfgdf cfgf] Oi6 gfos;Fu e]6 gx'Fbf gfgf ts{ ug]{ gflosf
. pTsif{ gf) [;+)] != dfl:t tfGg] jf lvRg] sfd p7fpg] sfd . @= a9f]QL pGglt ;d[[l4 .
= efp, d"No cflbdf x'g] j[l4 . > pTsif{s lj) != dfl:t tfGg] . @= pTsif{ jf pGglt u
g]{ pGgfos . pTsif{0f gf) vghf]t ug]{ sfd tfGg] jf l3RRofpg] sfd . pTsifL{ lj) pTsif
{ ufpg] . pTsflnsf gf) [;+)] != pTs07f pT;'stf . @= k"mnsf] sf]lknf . #= t\u nx . $=
df]nfdf] ;df; x'g] uB . pTsL0f{ lj) [;+)] != wft', lznfkq cflbdf vf]lkPsf] s'FlbPsf
] . @= n]lvPsf] lnlvt c\lst . #= 5lPsf] l5lnPsf] . $= hl8Psf] vlrt . pTs[i6 lj) [;+
;aeGbf fd|f] pDbf c;n >]i7 pQd . @= dfly p7]sf] r9]sf] . #= fd|f; ] u F vghf]t ulP
]ltPsf] . tf gf) pTs[i6 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . pTsf]r gf) [;+)] clwsfjfnfnfO{ cfgf]
x'b F f] ug{ k|nf]egsf lglDt lbOg] j:t' jf k};f 3'; .

pQfpQL0f{ tkm{sf sDoflG8 hgn f0ffzf;gsfndf blIf0ftkm{sf sDoflG8 hgnkl5sf] f]njfn

j) != pQ lbg] hjfkm lbg] . @= pQbfoL lhDd]jf . bfloTj gf) hjfkmb]xL lhDd]jfL .
hDd]jf hjfkmb]xL x'g] . ~ kIf gf) k|Zgsf] d08g jf v08g hjfkm kl5Nnf] efu . ~ kq gf) k
ff cflbdf k|Zgsf] hjfkm n]Vg] sfkL pQk'l:tsf . kb gf) ;d:t kbsf kl5Nnf] jf cGtdf cf
pg] kb clGtd kb . k'l:tsf gf) k|Zgsf] pQ lbg] k'l:tsf jf sfut . ~ dWodf gf) ;+:s[ttk
m{ k"jd { Wodf zf:qLsf aLrsf] OG6 jf k|df0fkq;dsIfsf] kLIff jf tx . ~ k|To'Q gf) hjf
km;jfn k|Zgf]Q egfeg . ~ kmfNu'gL gf) ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps gIfq afx|f}F gIfq . ~ efb|kb
) ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps 5AaL;f}F gIfq . ~ dLdf+;f gf) k"jd { Ldf+;f pQdLdf+;fdWo] Ps j]b
fGt bz{g . pQf gf) [pQ] != pQ hjfkm . @= dxfeftk|l;4 cledGo'sL kTgL . pQfsf\IfL l
hjfkm rfxg] pQsf] cfzf ug]{ (JolQm) . pQfv08 gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfsf] lgjf;:yn tyf k'0o
e"ld dflgPsf] eftjif{sf] pQklsf] efu lxdfnsf cf;kf;sf] v08 . pQflwsf gf) [;+)] s'g}
Qm d]kl5 jf p;sf] xs 5'6]kl5 lghsf] ;DklQ, clwsf jf kb cflb kfpg] xs . > pQflwsfL lj)
pQflwsf kfpg] xsjfnf . pQfk]IfL lj) [;+)] hjfkmsf] cfzf ug]{ pQ rfxg] . pQfled'v
)] !=pQtkm{ d'v kmsf{Psf] pQlt x]]sf] . @= pQ lbg tD;]sf] . pQfo0f gf) [;+)] != k[Y
uf]nfw{df ;"o{ pQ lbzflt 9Nsg] df3] ;\qmflGtb]lv cfiff9 d;fGt;Ddsf] nueu 5 dlxgfsf]
;do . @= ;"o{ ds]vfaf6 pQtkm{ nfUg] sfd . pQf4{pQfw{ gf) [;+)] s'g} j:t'sf] kl5Nnf]
wf efu kl5Nnf] cfwf b'O{ efudWo] clGtd efu (u|Gy cflbsf]) cwL{ . pQfiff9f gf) [;+)] ;
QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps gIfq PSsfO;f}F gIfq . pQlt lj) [;+)] hjfkm lbO;lsPsf] pQ lbOPsf] . p
QLo gf) [;+)] != k5f}f dh]qf] vf:6f] cf]9\g] . lj) @= pQ lbzfsf] pQ lbzf;Fu ;DalG
flysf] dfl:tsf] dflyNnf] . ~ j:q gf) != 3fF6Ld'lg sDddfly nufOg], s'g}s'g} cj:yfdf
sDd jf 3'F8fd'lGt;Dd k'Ug] n'uf (rf]nf], ef]6f], bf}f, donkf];, SjfFr, sf]6, O:6sf]
6, na]bf, rf]Fuf O)) cfsf] n'uf . @= k5f}f asf]{ vf:6f] .
132

pQf]Q lqm) lj) [;+)] != kl5kl5 a9\b} jf 36\b} hfg] qmd hlt kl5 eof] plt a9\tf jf sd
. @= lbglbg} k|ltlbg . #= Pskl5 csf]{ qmdzM nuftf . pQfpnf] lj) [;+) pQfn] != plrteGb
f a9\tf . @= c:jfefljs 9fFrf b]vfpg] plrteGbf a9\tf 7fF6 kfg]{ . #= lgn{Hh nfh geP
sf] . > pQfpNofOF gf) pQfpnf] x'gfsf] efj pQfpnf]kg . pQfg lj) [;+)] hldgtkm{ lk7"F
c8fP ;'t]sf] lrt k]sf] pQfgf] . pQfgf 6f gf) [pQfgf] 6f] != uf]8f pQfgf] x'g] uL k
rt ePsf] l:ylt . @= lhNnffd x]; . #= k"0f{ c;kmntf kfho xf . pQfg'pQfg" lj) [pQfgf
pQfgf] . pQfg] lj) [pQfgf] P] pQfgf] k/]sf] pQfgf] k] ulg] jf v]lng] (kf}8L cflb) . p
fgf] lj) [;+) pQfg] != hldgtkm{ lk7"F kmsf{P/ ;'ts ] f] cfsfztkm{ kms]{ kN6]sf] dfl:t
kms]{ ;'t]sf] . @= ulxf] gePsf] aLrsf] efu la6;Fu glhs ePsf] -tfjf, tfKs] cflb_ . p
Qfk gf) [;+)] != udL{ tftf] pi0ftf . @= cfFr tfk . #= dgsf] kL8f j]bgf bb{ b'vfO . $
rGtf Jou|tf cfs'n l:ylt . > pQflkt lj) != udf{OPsf] ttfOPsf] . @= pQ]lht ulPsf] . #=
b'MvL kLl8t . pQf0f gf) [;+)] != kf nufpg] sfd ptfg]{ sfd . @= ;d:of jf ;\s6af6 hf]uf
g] sfd pb\wf . pQfn lj) [;+)] != w]} cUnf] Hofb} pFrf] . @= eo\s s8f k|r08 . plQ
plt TolQ . sf] lj) pmhlQsf] pltsf] . v] lqm) lj) eg]s} ;dodf tTsfn To;} a]nf p
. plQi7jfg gf) [;+)] 9f8 s'k|f] eP klg cfhsf] dfG5]em}F k"} b'O{ v'fn] 6]s] lxF8\g] c
fheGbf kfFr nfv jif{klxn] ;[li6 eO{ nueu ;jf nfv jif{;Dd k[YjLdf sfod x]sf] cflbd
fgj cfUg]o jfg/eGbf kl5sf] / lgoG8/ dfgjeGbf k"j{sf] cflbdfgj hfaf, s]Gof, k]ls, xf
O8]nju{ cflb 7fpFdf kfOPsf hLjfZdn] k|ltlglwTj u]sf] cflbd dfgj . plQ; gf) [;+) ct
L;] lsDa'sf] h:tf] kmn x'g], nx] k"mn k'mNg] tLgrf OGr nfdf] s]xL rf}8f kft x'g] Ps
hftsf] v . pQL0f{ lj) [;+)] != s'g} kLIff lbP kf; ePsf] ;kmn . @= em}emd]nfaf6 kf eP
f] ;d:ofaf6 pDs]sf] . #= pq]sf] lg:s]sf] . $= gbL t]sf] kf ePsf] . > pQL0ff{s \ gf)
BfyL{n] vf; kf7f+z jf kqdf ;kmntf xfl;n ug{sf

133

pQ'pTkLl8t ;dosf] dfgj . plTgv] lqm) lj) [plt g} v]] s'g} sfd jf 36gf ePs} a]nfdf To;
df tTsfn t'?Gt} pltv] . > plTgv] } lqm) lj) t'?Gt g} ;dosf] k|tLIff guLsg} tTsfn}
t]n gf) [pTklQ t]n] vsf ljleGg c\uaf6 p8] hfg] ;'jf;o'Qm t]n . pTklQ gf) [;+)] != hGd
ljef{j k}bf pb\ej . @= lg:sg] sfd cfpg] sfd . #= b]vf kg]{ sfd k|s6 . jfb gf) != dfg
;d'bfo, efiff cflb ;a} s'f s'g} O{ZjLo tjaf6 k}bf ePsf x'g\ eGg] dt jf l;4fGt O{Zjjfb
. @= etsf] ;;"qsf JofVoftf enf]Nn6ff k|ltkflbt ;sf] pTklQ x'G5 eGg] l;4fGt . #= zAbf
{sf ;DaGwdf cy{af6 zAb pTklQ x'G5 eg] dfGg] l;4fGt . pTkGg lj) [;+)] != k}bf ePsf]
hGd]sf] cflje"{t . @= b]vfj6df cfPsf] lg:s]sf] k|s6 . #= lgdf{0f ulPsf] agfOPsf] . $=
pAhfOPsf] jf pAh]sf] . pTkn gf) [;+)] sdn, vf; uL gLnsdn . pTkft gf) [;+)] != cfsl
:ds kdf x'g] si6bfos s'g} 36gf pkb|j (cfunfuL, pNsfkft, e"sDk, af9L, dxfdfL O)) . @
= czflGt sf]nfxn xnrn . #= 7"nf] em}emu8f b\uf . > pTkftL lj) pTkft ug]{ pkb|jL pTkf
aGwL . pTkfbs lj) [;+)] != hGdfpg] k}bf ug]{ . @= gofF j:t' lgsfNg] oGq, sfvfgf cflb
af6 cf}Bf]lus ;fdu|Lsf] pTkfbg ug]{ (;d'bfo jf JolQm) . tfTj gf) pTkfbg ug]{ cj:yf
jf efj . pTkfbg gf) [;+)] != pAhf k}bfjf pAhgL . @= pTkGg ug]{ jf hGdfpg] sfd . #=
cf}Bf]lus oGqaf6 gofFgofF dfn;fdfg tof ug]{ jf agfpg] sfd . $= pTkGg u] jf pAhfP tof
flPsf] j:t' . ~ s gf) pTkfbg u]afkt ;sfsf tk{maf6 nfUg] z'Ns . ~ sfo{ gf) pkef]Uo ;f
Lxsf] pTkfbg ug]{ sfd cfjZos j:t'x tof ub}{ hfg] sfd . ~ ]vf gf) cf}Bf]lus ;+:yf cflb
f6 ePsf jf x'g] s'g} j:t'sf k}bfjfLsf] vf; laGb' jf ;Ldfsf] dfkg . ~ Joo gf) pTkfb
gdf nfUg] vr{ . ~ zlQm gf) pTkfbg ug]{ Ifdtf . zLn lj) pTkfbg ug]{ . ~ z'Ns gf) b]z
df pTkfbg ePsf j:t'df ;sfaf6 lnOg] jf nufOg] z'Ns pTkfbgs . pTkflbt lj) [;+)] != k}bf
ulPsf] pAhfOPsf] . @= pTkfbg ulPsf] tof kflPsf] . #= hGdfOPsf] . pTkfbL lj) [;+)] p
bs pTkfbg ug]{ k}bf ug]{ . pTkL8s lj) [;+)] csf{nfO{ ;tfpg] si6 jf b'Mv lbg] . pTkL8
g gf) [;+)] kL8f si6 ;tfpg] sfd . pTkLl8t lj) [;+)] b'Mv lbOPsf] ;tfOPsf] kLl8t .

nflu kfpg'kg]{ cfjZos Go"gtd c\s . pQ' gf) [;+) pQ'\u] Pp6f v'fn] sfd glbg] jf v'f] g
Psf ckf\uxn] lxF8\g cf8sf nflu lnOg] sf7] n6\7L . pQ'u \ lj) [;+)] Hofb} cUnf] clt
Rr . (h:tf] lxdfnosf] pQ'\u lzv) . pQ]hs lj) [;+)] != xf};nf k|bfg ug]{ k|]0ff lbg]
. @= s;}nfO{ s'g} sfddf pNsfpg] jf pS;fpg] layf]Ng] prfNg] . #= pQ]hgf pTkGg ug]{
hf]; ellbg] . $= rsf]{ k|sfz ofFSg] . pQ]hg gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ ;'ofpg] jf hf]:ofpg
] sfd . @= e8\sfpg] jf prfNg] sfd . #= pQ]hgf . > pQ]hgf gf) != xf};nf lbg] sfd k|
]0ff k|f]T;fxg . @= qmf]w cfj]z l; . #= e8\sfpg] k|jl[ Q vnaNofpg] rfn . $= dg r~rn k
zL3|tfk"js { s'g} sfd ug{ k|jQ [ ug]{ sfd jf s'f . pQ]lht lj) [;+)] != dfgl;s pQ]
hgfn] o'Qm pQ]hgfdf cfPsf] . @= xf};nf kfPsf] k|]0ff ldn]sf] k|]lt k|f]T;flxt . #= e8
sfOPsf] prflnPsf] . $= lh:SofP qm'4 ufOPsf] ?i6 . pQf]ns gf) [;+)] != d'9f] jf 9'\uf]
cflbnfO{ cfwf agfP ux|f}F j:t' xNnfpg] jf prfNg] kmnfd] ;fwg gf]n . @= ux|f}F j:t'
prfNg] oGq qm]g . #= lah'nLsf] e] ln6 . $= s'g} b08nfO{ l:y laGb'df c8fP rf}ltsf]
pg ;lsg] oGq w'L . %= lsga]r ubf{ ;fgfltgf ;fdfg tf}ng] ;fwg tfh' . lj) ^= pEofpg] p7
fpg] prfNg] . pQf]ng gf) [;+)] != pEofpg] jf p7fpg] sfd . @= s'g} ;+:yf, bn jf o:t
} s'g} ;d'bfosf] k|tLslrXgnfO{ ljz]if cj;df ufl8Psf] b08 cflbdf dfly k'ofP kmxfpg] sf
d (h:t} Wjhf]Qf]ng, emG8f]Qf]ng) . pTyfg gf) [;+)] != s'g} lgDg l:yltaf6 pGgt jf p
Rr :tdf k'Ug] cj:yf jf efj ;d[4 l:ylt pGglt clej[l4 . @= sfdsf] k|fDe jf yfNgL p7fg .
#= p7\g] jf pleg] sfd . pTyfks lj) [;+)] != pTyfg ufpg] pEofpg] p7fpg] . @= :yfkgf u
g]{ yfNg] ;'? ug]{ . #= lapFemfpg] hufpg] . pTyfkg gf) [;+)] != dfly p7fpg] sfd pTyfg
. @= hufpg] sfd lapFemfpg] sfd . #= :yfkgf k|fDe . pTyflkt lj) [;+)] != pTyfkg ulPsf
] @= :yflkt . plTyt lj) [;+)] != pTyfg ePsf] pGgt ;d[4 . @= p7]sf] plePsf] . ~ gjfg
jfg;b[zfg'u0f dfgjfg'u0f b'j}df kg]{, uf]8fsf] edf p7] lxF8\g] dfgjh:tf] jfg . ~ df
gj gf) p7] lxF8g \ ;Sg] dfgjfg'u0fleq kg]{ k|frLg

pTk'nspbs pTk'ns lj) [;+)] != clt xif{n] f]dfl~rt v';Ln] cf h'?\ ePsf] . @= clt k|;G
xlif{t . pTk|;j gf) [;+)] cfdfsf] ue{af6 ;do gk'Ub} aRrf em] dg]{ sfd ue{ t'lxg] sfd
ue{kft . pTk|I ] fs lj) [;+)] pTk|I ] ff ug]{ ;f]Rg] . { x]ljrf pTk]I | f0f gf) [;+)]
!= ;fjwfg eP jf Wofgk"js ug]{ sfd . @= Ps j:t';Fu csf]{ j:t'nfO{ ulg] t'ngf . pTk
|]Iff gf) [;+)] != cGbfh cg'dfg . @= c;fjwfgL nfkaf{xL . #= x]) pTk|]If0f . $= k|:t
't j:t'df ck|:t't j:t'sf] cff]k ulFbf kg]{ cyf{n\sf . (h:t} h"g klg cfof] ls t pgs} k
x]L) . pTk] | s gf) [;+)] != f;folgs k|lqmofnfO{ tLj| kfg]{ Ps k|sfsf] j:t' . @= pTk|
]0ff l;h{gf ug]{ tj p2Lks . lj) #= dgdf k|]0ff hufOlbg] xf};nf a9fOlbg] (JolQm jf j:t
') . pTk] | 0ff gf) [;+)] != dgdf p7]sf] k|]0ff leqL k|]0ff . @= z}lIfs sfo{snfkdf lj
BfyL{sf] pT;'stf ;[hgf uL To;nfO{ p2]Zok"lt{sf nflu cvl08t agfOxg] k|lqmof clek|]0ff
. pTk|i ] f0f gf) [;+)] != k'gfjnf]sg jf cGj]if0fsf lglDt k|rlnt l6 tNnf] txsf] cbf
ntn] u]sf sfafO{sf] k'gfjnf]sg ug]{ ;dfb]z . @= To;cg';f ;jf]R { r cbfntn] ph'L k]sf
'g} d'2fdfldnf;Fu ;Da4 ldl;nx dftxtsf cfcbfntxaf6 ljrffy{ lemsfpg] sfd . ~ n]v gf) pT
k|]if0fsf] cfb]z . > pTk|i ] f0ffb]z gf) pTk]|if0fsf] cfb]z pTk|]if0fn]v . pTk'mNn
lj) [;+)] != fd|f; ] u F k'mn]sf] 9sdSs eP k'mn]sf] . @= k|;Gg xlif{t . tf != pTk'mN
x'gs ' f] efj jf cj:yf 9sdSs k'mnfO . @= v';L x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt k|;Ggtf . pqg' c
) lqm) [k|f) pQ0f g'] != wl;Psf] jf ufl8Psf] 7fpFaf6 aflx lg:sg'' . @= vf]nf, gbL cf
lbaf6 kf x'g' . #= b'Mv, kL8f, ;\s6 cflbaf6 5'6sff kfpg' . $= emf]lnnf] kbfy{df s'g
} j:t' dfly p7] cfpg' txlg' t kg'{ . %= C0faf6 d'Qm x'g' pC0f x'g' pS;g' . > pqfO g
g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pqfOg' s) lqm) pqg] kflg' pqg nfOg' . pqfpg' k|) ] lqm) pqg] k
fg'{ ptfg'{ . plqg' c) lqm) != pqg' . @= pqg] sfd ulg' . pq' gf) [pq p] nfdf] nLsf]
jf aLrdf kmNofs 3';fL To;df 6]s] lxF8\b} v]ntdf;f b]vfpg] s;t ug]{ ;fwg . pqf] lj)
[pm hqf]] != pmh:tf] Toqf] plt 7"nf] pmhlt 7"nf] . @= w]} 7"nf] Hofb} 7"nf] . pT; gf)
+)] != alux]sf] kfgLsf] ;|f]t jf wff . @= emgf 5fFuf] . #= leqL efu r'f] ;ftj . $=
134

pT;u{ gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljlzi6 sfo{sf lglDt s'g} s'f 5f8\g] jf TofUg] sfd Tofu . @=
5'fpg] jf cnu kfg]{ sfd . #= s;}nfO{ bfg cflb lbg] sfd bfg . $= lkt[sf p2]Zon] ulg]
sfo{ (j[iff]T;u{) . > pT;uL{ lj) pT;u{ ug]{ TofuL . pT;h{g gf) [;+)] != 5f8\g] jf
TofUg] sfd . @= lbg] jf bfg ug]{ sfd . #= Tofu pT;u{ . $= s;}nfO{ s'g} kbaf6 x6fp
g] lqmof . pT;lh{t lj) [;+)] TofluPsf] pT;h{g ulPsf] . pT;j gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljz]if
cj;df v'l;ofnL dgfpFb} w"dwfd;Fu ulg] ;fj{hlgs kj{ jf d\unsfo{ . @= ;f+:s[lts dxj eP
sf] jf fli6o lje"ltxsf] hLjg k'?iffy{;u F ;DalGwt To:tf] kj{ dgfOg] ljz]if lbg rf8kj
{ . pT;fx gf) [;+)] != tTktfk"js { sfds'f ug]{ s'g} dgf]jl[ Q cfF6 lxDdt ;fx; . @= xf
;nf pd]b . #= hf]; pd\u k'mtL{ . $= k|]0ff . %= jL;sf] :yfoL efj . > pT;fxs lj) pT;
g] pT;flxt ug]{ pT;fxL cfF6L ;fx;L . k|b lj) pT;fx lbg] p; nfUg] xf};nf a9fpg] .
lj) pT;fx kfPsf] k|]0ff kfPsf] xf}l;Psf] . pT;fxL lj) pT;fx ePsf] xf};nf a9]sf] . pT;
's lj) [;+)] != s'g} sfds'f] ugf{sf lglDt cToGt OR5's pTsl07t . @= k|an clenfiff eP
sf] s]xL ug]{ rfxgfn] cwL . tf gf) pT;'s x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf pTs07f ;s;sL . pT;[i6
) [;+)] != pT;u{ ePsf] jf ulPsf] . @= 5f]l8Psf] aGwgd'Qm ePsf] (JolQm) . #= pkof]u
df NofOPsf] k|oQ ' m. ~ j[lQ gf) cn] Tofu]sf] jf 5f8]sf] cGgn] lgjf{x ug]{ j[lQ . >
pT;[i6f\s gf) sljn] k|l;4 syfnfO{ a9fP tof kf]sf], Psc\s], kfd gfos tyf s?0f ; d'V
f], w]} :qL ?g]sfpg], jfUo'4 eO{ hokfho ePsf] j}fUosf w]} plQm ePsf], kssf b; e]b
. pT;]rg gf) [;+)] != kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ 5s{g] jf 5Dsg] sfd l;~rg . @= pdfnfO pafn
. pT:j]bg gf) [;+)] kfgL afkm aGg] k|lqmof hnjfikLs0f . pynk'yn gf) [k|f) pTyn (l))]
!= dflysf] tn tnsf] dfly x'g] sfd pn6k'n6 . @= 7"nf] kljt{g x]km] cbnabn . #= 7"nf]
rn rsf]{ cfGbf]ng . pb\ pk) [;+)] zAbsf] cufl8 nfu] dfly, cl3, kfl, k|antf cflb cy{
a'emfpg] pk;u{ (pb\af]wg, pb\ud, pQL0f{ O)) . pb gf) [;+) pb|] GofpL d';f]h:tf], k
fgLdf k;L df5f dfg]{ Ps k|sfsf] hGt' cf]t cf]b kfgLlafnf] . pbs gf) [;+)] kfgL hn .
qmof gf) lkt[xnfO{ t[Kt

135

pbhgpbf;Lg pbfQ lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] :jn] pRrf0f ulg] jf ulPsf] . @= pRrf0f ubf{ d'vdf
l:tkl s]xL a];L cf3ft kg]{ (c, cf cflb :jj0f{) . #= k'mSsf dgsf] bofn' bftf pbf . $=
i7 dxfg\ . %= j}lbs Crfsf pRrf0fsf] Ps e]b . ^= Hofb} a9fO{r9fO{ ;DefJo ;DklQsf] j0
f{g u]sf] b]vfpFbf x'g] Ps cn\sf . pbfg gf) [;+)] k|f0fLsf zLdf 8sf, lxSsf cflbsf k
ly cfpg] jfo' zLsf kfFr jfo' k|f0f, ckfg, ;dfg, Jofg pbfgdWo] Ps . pbf\g' ;) lqm) [
p40f] x]) pwfg'{ . pbf lj) [;+)] != lbg vfg ;Sg] dg ePsf] dgsfL bftf lbnbf . @=
ljlzi6 . #= ;\s'lrt ljrfwff :jfy{b]lv 6f9f x] ljrf ug]{ . rlt lj) != c;n rlq e
@= ;a}nfO{ ;dfg kn] Jojxf ug]{ . r]tf lj) pbf lrQ ePsf] pbfrlt . tf gf) != pbf
:yf jf u'0f . @= pRr tyf pQd ljrf lxtsfL efjgf . #= u|fdL0ftf gx'g] kb gfr]h:tf] x'
g], sfJosf b; u'0fdWo] Ps . jfb gf) != cfw'lgs fhgLlts tyf cfly{s If]qdf k|rlnt, ;
a} hgtfdf ;dfg ;'ljwf tyf :jtGqtfsf] clwsf ldNg'k5{ eGg] l;4fGt . @= pbf gLlt ePsf
] ljrf jf dt . jflbtf gf) pbfjfbsf] efj jf cj:yf . jfbL lj) != pbfjfbsf] cg'ofoL j
dy{s pbf ljrf fVg] . @= pbftf;DaGwL pbf ljrf ePsf] . pbffO gf) [pbf\ cfO] pbfg]{
of pwffO . pbffzo lj) [;+)] != pRr ljrf ePsf] 7"nf] p2]Zo lng] . @= pbf cfzo ePsf] .
flg' s) lqm) [pbf\ O g'] pbfg]{ sfd ulg' . pbfLs0f gf) fhgLltscfly{s If]qdf cFufln
. pbf; lj) [;+)] != s'g} s'fsf] cefj jf efjL clgi6sf] cfz\sfn] dg lrlGtt lvGg x'g]
cj:yf lbSs lbsbf ljQm . @= s;}sf kIfdf gnfu]sf] t6:y . #= b'MvL . $= grflxFbf] vr{ ug
{ p8Gtf . gf) %= a'4 wdf{jnDaL g]jfhfltsf] Ps e]b . > pbfl;nf] lj) pbf; nfUg] lsl;d
sf] pbf;nfUbf] pf7nfUbf] gdfOnf] . pbf;L lj) != pbf; lbsbf . gf) @= ;GGof;Lsf] Ps e
pbf;Lg lj) [;+)] != ljQm pbf; . @= s;}sf] kIf glng] lgln{Kt t6:y lgk]If . #= ljifok|
af6 cnu x]sf] . $= ;GGof;Lsf] Ps e]b . ~ c+l;of gf) s'g} Jofkf, pBf]u cflbdf nufgL u]
tfklg To;k|lt s'g} jf:tf gug]{ efuLbf jf ;fem]bf JolQm . tf gf) != pbf;Lg x'gfsf]
efj jf cj:yf ljlQm . @= t6:ytf dWo:ytf lgln{Kttf .

kfg{sf nflu lbOg] tk{0f ltnf~hln . pbhg gf) [;+) pb\ hg] Ps lsl;dsf] b[Zo, uGw j0f{x
Lg afik xfO8f]hg . ~ ad gf) pbhg afiksf] ad xfO8fh ] g ad . pblw gf) [;+)] != ;d'b|
. @= d]3 afbn . #= snz 38f . pbo gf) [;+)] != dfl:t p7\g] jf a9\g] sfd . @= pbfpg] j
f e'mNsg] lqmof . #= u|x, gIfq cflb lIflthaf6 p7] cfsfzdf cfpg] tyf b]lvg] cj:yf
. $= k|s6 jf k|ToIf x'g] sfd . %= kb cflbdf x'g] pGglt algagfp babaf . ^= pTklQ:yf
g pb\ud . &= clwsfk|flKt . ~ lul gf) x]) pbofrn . pbog gf) [;+)] != :jKgjf;jbQf gf6s
gfos jT;fh . @= s';'df~hlnsf pbogfrfo{ . pbok' gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf] k"jf{~rn ljsf;If]q
leq kg]{ ;udfyf c~rncGtu{t w]} kxf8L efu s]xL leqL dw]; klg ePsf] Ps lhNnf . ~ u9L
gf) pbok'df x]sf] Ps k|d'v If]q jf u9L . pbofrn gf) [;+)] ;"o{ pbfpg] k"jt { km{sf]
kxf8 pbolul . pbof:t gf) [;+)] != ;k|g] jf eTsg] lqmof jf cj:yf pTyfgktg . @= pbo c
:t . pboL lj) [;+)] != pbfpg] pbo x'g] e'mNsg] . @= pGgltzLn . pbof]Gd'v lj) [;+)] !
= pbfpg] a]nfsf] . @= pGglt ug{kl nfu]sf] ljsf;f]Gd'v . pb gf) [;+)] != k]6 . @= zLsf
aLrsf] efu e'F8L . u'xf gf) k]6sf ljleGg c\u xgsf lglDt ag]sf] vf]qmf] :yfg . kL8f
f) k]6 b'Vg] lqmof k]6b'vfO . > pbDe lj) != k]6 eg{ kfP k'Ug] . @= :jfyL{ dtnaL . pbD
lj) != cfgf] dfq k]6 eg{ vf]Hg] dtnaL . @= w]} vfg] l3Rr" . #= k]6kfnf . pbfj0f gf)
b|fe'F8L k]6sf c ;a} efu 5f]Kg] hfnf] . pbL lj) != 7"nf] k]6 ePsf] e'F8Ljfn ofDk] k
ePsf] . gf) @= k]6 af]s]sL :qL ue{jtL gfL . pbfO gf) [ pbfp (cfO) ] pbfpg] lqmof jf k
|lqmof k|s6 x'g] sfd pbo . [ > ] pbfOg' c) lqm) pbfpg] xf]Og' k|s6 xf]Og' . pbfpg' c)
lqm) [;+) pbocfpg'] != pbo x'g' e'mNsg' k|s6 x'g' . @= b]vf kg'{ ;fIffTsf x'g' . #=
Gglt x'g' j[l4 x'g' a9\g' cEo'bo x'g' . pbf
\upbf
\uf] lj) [;+) pb
\u] != g5f]lkPsf]
f] v'nf . @= pl3|Psf] 8\jf
8\jf
tL ePsf] Xjf
\
ePsf] . pbf
\
pbf
\
f] lj) [;+) pb
\u]

pbf;]p2]z #= lbUbfL lvGgtf . pbf;] gf) != dl;gf] k"mn k'mNg] xlof 8fFVnf x'g] Ps k|s
f] emf . @= grflxFbf] vr{ ug]{ p8Gtf . pbfx0f gf) [;+)] != s'g} syg, l;4fGt cflbsf]
t'ngf, k|df0f, ;Totf cflb l;4 ug{ k|s6 ulg] s'f jf tYo gd'gf b[i6fGt pkdf . @= cg';0f
jf cg's0f ug{ k|fT ] ;flxt ulg] s'g} cfr0f jf lqmofsnfk . > pbfx0ffy{ lqm) lj) pbfx0f
f nflu pbfx0fsf lglDt . pbfx0fLo lj) pbfx0f lbg nfos pbfx0f lbg of]Uo . pbft lj) [
elgPsf] slyt . @= j0f{g ulPsf] jl0f{t . #= pkdf jf b[i6fGt lbOPsf] pbfx0fsf kdf k|:t
t . plbt != pbo ePsf] pbfPsf] @= k|s6 ePsf] lg:s]sf] . #= pHHjn :jR5 . $= k|rlnt . ~
of}jgf gf) ev{ a}F; r9]sL :qL ev{} hjfgLdf k|jz ] u]sL gflosf d'Uwfgflosf . pbLrL g
[;+)] pQ lbzf . pbLRo lj) [;+)] pQ lbzfsf] pQ lbzf;DaGwL . ~ ;+:s[t gf) zf};]gLh:tf
s[tnfO{ hGdfpg], ;+:s[t efiffsf] pQL eflifsf . pbLodfg lj) [;+)] != pbo eOx]sf] pbfOx
]sf] . @= klxn]b]lv g} c;n jf dxfg\ x'g] nIf0f b]lvPsf] xf]gxf kmnf]Gd'v . pb]s gf)
[;+) pb\j]u] crDd uha cfZro{ tfh'a . > pb]sfO gf) pb]sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pb]sfO
g' c) lqm) pb]s dfGg] xf]Og' 5Ss klg' . pb]sfpg' c) lqm) 5Ss kg'{ crDd dfGg' pb]s dfG
' . pb]lsnf] lj) pb]snfUbf] 5Ss kfg]{ vfnsf] crDdsf] . pb\ud gf) [;+)] != pbo cfljef{
j k|fb'ef{j . @= d'xfg d"n . #= pTklQ:yfg k}bf x'g] 7fpF . > pb\udg gf) ;a}sf ;fd' b
]lvg] jf k|s6 x'g] sfd pbo . pb\uftf lj) [;+)] != o1xdf j}lbs kf7sf] ufog ug]{ ;f:j;l
t ;fdj]bsf dGq ufpg] ;fdj]bL . gf) @= j}lbs dGq kf7 ug]{ JolQm . pb\uf gf) [;+)] !=
xif{, zf]s, la:dft cflb dgsf efj JoQm ug]{ sfd dgsf efj jf ljrfsf] cleJolQm . @=
d'vaf6 aflx lgsfNg] jf cf]sNg] lqmof . ~ lrXg gf) xif{, cfgGb, zf]s cflb a'emfpg]
zAb jf jfSodf k|of]u ulg] lrXg ( ) . > pb\uflt lj) != pb\ufsf kdf JoQm . @= d'vaf6 a
lx lgsflnPsf] cf]slnPsf] . pb\ufL lj) != dgsf] efj k|s6 ug]{ . @= pb\uf lgsfNg] . pb\
uLy gf) [;+)] != j]bsf] uLlt;Da4 efu uLlttj ePsf] j]bsf] c+z . @= ;fdj]b . #= d
\undo
;fd"lxs ufg jf gff .
136

pb\ux | 0f gf) [;+)] C0f, z'Ns, s cflb c;'npk ug]{ sfd . pb\3f6s lj) [;+)] != pb\3f6
g ug]{ vf]Ng] . gf) @= ;fFrf] . #= tfn . pb\3f6g gf) [;+)] != cfj0f jf kbf{ x6fpg]
sfd . @= vf]Ng] jf k|s6 ug]{ufpg] sfd . #= s'g} gofF ;dff]x, ;fj{hlgs pT;j, ;Dd]ng
cflbsf] dxj uf}j a9fpgsf lglDt s'g} ljlzi6 JolQmff cf}krfls pT;j jf s[Tosf kdf sfof
ulg] cfw'lgs kflkf6L . pb\3fl6t lj) [;+)] pb\3f6g ulPsf] vf]lnPsf] p3flPsf] . pb\3f]
f) [;+)] != 7"nf] :jn] s]xL eGg] jf ;'gfpg] sfd 3f]if0ff . @= ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf hgfp .
#= lrRRofP jf hf]8l;t af]Nbf lg:sg] zAb uh{gf . pb\3f]ifs lj) [;+)] pb\3f]if0ff ug
]{ ;fj{hlgs ;"rgf lbg] . pb\3f]if0fpb\3f]if0ff gf) [;+)] != a];L sfpFb} jf ;a}nfO{ ;'
gfpFb} s'g} s'f eGg] sfd . @= ;sfsf tkm{af6 ;fj{hlgs kdf s'g} dxjk"0f{ s'f jf gLlt;Da
wL ;Gb]z ;fj{hlgs kdf k|s6 jf k|;flt ug]{ sfd 3f]if0ff . pb\3f]lift lj) [;+)] 3f]if0
ff ulPsf] ;"rgf ulPsf] . p208 lj) [;+)] != b08 jf nf7Lsf edf cnfO{ jzdf fVg rfxg] c
s . @= b08sf] eo gePsf] ;hfosf] 8 gePsf] . #= lg8 lge{o . $= s8f :jefjsf] k|r08 hG8 .
p2fd lj) [;+)] != s'g} aGwgdf gk]sf] aGwglxt . @= s8f k|r08 pu| . #= eo\s 8nfUbf]
j) [;+)] != cf}N F ofOPsf] tf]s ] b]vfOPsf] . @= p2]Zo lnOPsf] nlIft . #= aofg ulPsf
] atfOPsf] . $= JofVof ulPsf] . p2Lk gf) [;+)] != aNg] jf k|Hjlnt x'g] sfd . @= pQ]
lht ug]{ jf x'g] sfd . p2Lks lj) [;+)] != p2Lkg ug]{ pQ]hs . @= x[bosf] efjnfO{ hf
u|t\ jf bLKt ug]{ . gf) #= OlGb|o tyf ;+j]uL c\unfO{ ;r]t pQ]lht ufpg ;Sg] s'g} kl
g tj . p2Lkg gf) [;+)] != pQ]lht ug]{ jf e8\sfpg] sfd jf cj:yf . @= dgdf x]sf ;'if'
Kt :yfoL efjnfO{ pQ]lht jf k|bLKt ufpg] j:t', JolQm jf kll:ylt . #= ;lgiklQsf] sf0fe
"t ljefjsf b'O{ e]b cfnDag p2LkgdWo] Ps . p2Llkt lj) [;+)] != p2Lkg ufOPsf] hufOPsf
] . @= an]sf] k|Hjlnt p2LKt . p2LKt lj) [;+)] != lapFemfOPsf] hfu[t . @= p2Lkg ePsf]
pQ]lht . #= b]bLKodfg rDs]sf] k|Hjlnt . > p2LlKt gf) p2LKt x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . p
2]z gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfds'fsf af]df lgb]z { jf ;\st ]

137

p2]Zopb\e|fGt %= vf]lnPsf] pwflPsf] . pb\aGw gf) [;+)] != kf;f] nufpg] jf e'mlG8g] s

fd pb\aGwg . @= dfl:taf6 sl;Psf] aGwg . lj) #= aGwgaf6 5'6]sf] gafFlwPsf] . pb\aGwg
gf) x]) pb\aGw . pb\a4 ' lj) [;+)] != 1fg kfPsf] k|a4 ' . @= lapFlemPsf] hfu]sf] hf
u[t . pb\af]w gf) [;+)] != af]w jf 1fg k|fKt x'g] sfd hfu[lt hfu0f . @= km]l klg x]Ss
f x'g] l:ylt jf lqmof cg':d0f . > pb\af]ws lj) != af]w jf 1fg ufpg] ;Dos\ 1fg lbg] .
@= ;Demgf lbnfpg] . #= p2LKt ufpg] hufpg] . pb\af]wg gf) != af]w jf 1fg ufpg] lqmof
jf efj . @= lapFemfpg] jf hfu|t\ ufpg] sfd . pb\af]lwt lj) af]w ufOPsf] 1fg ufOPsf] .
pb\af]wgLo lj) pb\af]wg ug{ nfos 1fg ufpg of]Uo lapFemfpg plrt . pb\e6 lj) [;+)] !=
pTs[i6 >]i7 pQd c;n . @= k|r08 k|sf08 k|an . #= Hofb} 7"nf] chsf] . pb\efj gf) [;+)
k|ToIf x'g] jf cl:tTjdf cfpg] sfd hGd pTklQ k|fb'ef{j . @= pb\ud d"n . #= j[l4 pGglt
. pb\efjpb\efjgf gf) [;+)] != pTkGg x'g] jf cl:tTjdf cfpg] lqmof . @= dgdf pAhg] c
gf}7f] efj jf ljrf . #= sNkgfaf6 k|fKt x'g] efj jf ljrf . $= s'g} gofF ljrf cflbnfO
{ hg;dIf k|:t't ug]{ ;'em jf s'f . > pb\efljt lj) != dgdf sNkgf ulPsf] chdfOPsf] . @
= pAhfOPsf] hGdfOPsf] . pb\ef; gf) [;+)] != bLlKt rds sflGt . @= pbo pGglt . #= dgdf
x'g] j}rfls :k'm0f . $= ljj]s 1fg . > pb\efl;t lj) != ;'Gb kdf ePsf] rdsbf k|Hjlnt
'm]sf] plbt . pb\ef;L lj) != rxlsnf] rlDsnf] hfHjNodfg . @= k|s6df Nofpg] k|sflzt uf
. pb\leb\pb\leb gf) [;+) pb\leb\] != hldgaf6 pd|g] v, nxf, emf cflb jg:klt af]6la?jf
. @= ;d'b|L g'g, w"nf] g'g . lj) #= hldgaf6 pd|g] jf lg:sg] . $= cfFs 'f xfn]sf] 6
';fPsf] . ~ ljBf gf) jg:kltzf:q . pb\et " lj) [;+)] != k}bf ePsf] pTkGg . @= k|s6
ePsf] b]lvPsf] . > pb\el " t gf) != hGd pTklQ pb\ej . @= clej[l4 pGglt . pb\eb ] pb\e
b ] g gf) [;+)] != aLhaf6 c\s' k'm6\g] sfd 6';fpg] lqmof . @= k|s6 x'g] jf aflx cfpg]
sfd cfljef{j . pb\ed | gf) [;+)] != rf}lt 3'Dg] lqmof rSs . @= ldYof af]w e|flGt .
lbdfu rSsfpg] sfd lFu6f . $= dgsf] pb\j]u t\u . pb\ef | Gt lj) [;+)] != rSs vfPsf]
'd]sf] . @= e|ddf

ug]{ sfd . @= rfxgf OR5f clenfiff . #= s'g} gofF s'fsf] vf]hL cGj]if0f . $= sf0f x]t'
. %= Gofozf:qdf k|lt1f gfds tj . ^= nIo Wo]o p2]Zo . &= lnR5ljsfndf b]zdf ljleGg ef
unfO{ Onfsf jf If]qdf ljeflht ulPsf] v08 . p2]Zo gf) [;+)] != s'g} vf; sfds'fdf k|j[
Q ufpg] dgf]efj s]xL eGg jf ug{ k|jQ [ ufpg] efj jf ljrf OR5f sfdgf . @= rfxgf ulPsf
fd, kbfy{ jf ljifo nIo Wo]o . #= s]xL sfds'f elgg] jfSosf] klxnf] c+z jf v08 jfSosf b
'O{ c\u p2]Zo ljw]o jf st[{kb sd{kbdWo] klxnf] efu . d"ns lj) s'g} ljz]iftf k|fKt
ug]{ b[li6n] ulg] p2]Zok|wfg ePsf] . ~ ljw]o gf) jfSosf stf{ lqmof;Fu ;Da4 b'O{ efu
jf v08 p2]Zo ljw]o . ~ ;fjlws lj) vf; cjlwleq k"f ug]{ b[li6n] agfOPsf] ;f] cjlwdf
k"f ug{ ;lsg] . pb\Bf]t gf) [;+)] != rds k|sfz . @= u|Gysf] ljefu cWofo . lj) #= rl
Dsnf] pHHjn . > pb\Bf]ltt lj) k|sfzo'Qm k|Hjlnt . p4t lj) [;+)] != vf] ldhf;sf] s8f :
efj ePsf] k|r08 pu| . @= rkr{G8 pR5[\vn . #= ws gePsf] l96f] . p40f gf) [;+)] != p7f
jf psf:g] sfd . @= si6 jf ;\s6 cflbaf6 s'g} JolQmnfO{ 5'6sff lbnfpg] sfd p4f . #= vf
a cj:yfaf6 c;n cj:yflt cfpg] lqmof ;k|g] sfd . $= Ps rf]l6 kl9l;4fPsf] s'f] km]l bf]x
f]ofpg] sfd . %= s'g} n]v jf k':tsaf6 pbfx0f, b[i6fGt jf k|df0fsf nflu lnOPsf] c+z
. > p40fL gf) kl9;s]sf] kf7 cEof;sf] nflu bf]xf]ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof p40f . p40fLo lj
= p4f ug{ of]Uo . @= p40f lbg nfos . p4if{0f gf) [;+)] != cfgGb jf k|xlif{t ufpg] sf
d . @= pQ]hgf . #= f]df~r . p4j gf) [;+)] != gftfdf dfdf kg]{ s[i0fsf Ps ldq b]j>jf
. @= o1sf] clUg . #= pT;j kj{ . p4f gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ bogLo jf si6k"0f{ l:yltaf
6 p7fP jf ptf] pGgt cj:yfdf k'ofpg] jf kf nufpg] sfd To;L g} si6, ljklQ jf ;\s6af6
lbnfpg] sfd pksf enfO . @= tnaf6 p7fP dfl:t fVg] sfd lemSg] lqmof . #= ;'wf dd{t
f . > p4fs lj) != p4f ug]{ pksf ug]{ ;Rofpg] . p4[t lj) [;+)] != s'g} u|Gy, n]v cfl
pbfx0f jf k|df0fsf nflu k|:t't ulPsf] (c+z) . @= dfly p7fOPsf] 78fOPsf] dfl:t tflgPsf
. #= pv]lnPsf] pSsfOPsf] pS;fOPsf] . $= p4f ulPsf] ;'wf ulPsf] arfOPsf] .

pBtpg k]sf] e'mlSsPsf] . #= 5Ss k]sf] rlst . $= l;NnL kfun af}nfxf 5F6fxf . %= ljXj
jUg . ^= af6f] lafPsf] . pBt lj) [;+)] != dfl:t NofOPsf] p7fOPsf] . @= tof ePsf] tTk
#= sfddf nfu]sf] . pBd gf) [;+)] != hLljsfsf nflu ulg] pkfh{g jf s'g} p2]Zosf] l;l
4sf lglDt ulg] zfLls sfo{ jf Jofkf pBf]u . @= d]xgt kl>d . #= k];f f]huf Ond . >
pBddf nfUg] jf nfu]sf] pBf]u ug]{ pBf]uL . @= ldlxg]tL kl>dL . pBfO gf) [ pBfp (cf
pBfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pBfOg' s) lqm) pBfpg] kflg' pBfpg nfOg' . pBfpg' ;)
lqm) [k|f) pb\wofpg'] sf6\g] xltofnfO{ nfUg] t'Nofpg 9'
u \ f, ;fg cflbdf wf 3f]6g \
;fg nufpg' pWofpg' . pBfg gf) [;+)] != kmnk"mnsf] afL k"mnafL au}Frf . @= k|foM k|fs[
ts vx ePsf] 7"nf] au}Frf . pBfkg gf) [;+)] != s'g} o1 jf j|tsf] ;dflKtdf ulg] k"hf,
xjg, bfg cflb k|lti7fk"0f{ sfo{ ;f
\u] . @= ljlwk"js { s'g} sfo{ k"/f ug]{ lqmof pk;
+xf/ . pBf]u gf) [;+)] != s'g} p2]Zo jf sfo{l;l4sf lglDt kl>dk"j{s nfUg] sfd pBd .
@= k|oTg sf]l;; k|of; . #= kl>d ldlxg]t . ~ wGbf gf) sRrf dfnaf6 Jojxfdf rflxg] dfn;f
fg agfpg] Joj:yf jf sfvfgf Ond pBf]u . klt gf) pkef]usf dfn;fdfg agfpg] sfvfgfsf] df
ns pBf]u :yfkgf ug]{ JolQm sfvfgfsf] clwklt . ~ jfl0fHo tyf cfk"lt{ dGqfno gf) pBf]u
, jfl0fHo cfk"lt{;DaGwL ljefusf] sfo{;~rfng ug]{ dGqfno . ~ ljefu gf) pBf]u tyf jf
l0fHo;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ljefu . > pBf]uL lj) pBf]u ug]{ jf k|oTg ug]{ s'g} pBf]u vf]N
g] ldlxg]tL pBdL . pb|g' c) lqm) [k|f) pb\w g'] x]) pw|g' > plb|g ' c) lqm) plw|g' .
s ] gf) [;+)] != efjgfx ps';d's; ' eP dgdf gc6fpg] cj:yf jf efj ljrfk|jfxsf] cflwSo
@= clwstf k|r ' tf . pb\ljUg lj) [;+)] != pb\j]un] elPsf] cfs'n Jofs'n . @= eo qf;
cft\lst lrlGtt b'Mlvt . tf gf) pb\ljUg x'gfsf] efj cfs'ntf lrGtf Jofs'ntf . pb\jLI
) [;+)] dfl:t x]g]{ sfd 6f9f;Dd x]g]{ lqmof jf cj:yf b"jLIf0f . pb\ju ] gf) [;+)] !=
tLj| j]u jf ult l56f] lxF8fO . @= dgsf] x8a8L cl:y l:ylt . #= l;sf] cfj]u emf]s . pb
\jn ] g gf) [;+)] != d8flP jf c6fO{gc6fO{ aUg] sfd .
138

@= 5rlNsg] efj jf cj:yf . pb\jl ] nt lj) != af9L cfPsf] k|jflxt . @= 5rNs]sf] . pw

d'G6] lj) [pFwf] d'G6]] != d'v tnlt kms]{sf] lgx'd'G6] 3f];] . gf) @= k'?ifsf] hgg]lGb
o ln\u . pwf\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) p4 g'] != l;pgL jf aGwg v':sfpg' l;Psf] jf afFws ] f]
k'msfpg' . @= 3sf 5fgfsf] v, kfn cflb lemSg' pr]g{' . > pwffO gf) pwfg]{ lqmof jf k|l
mof . pwflg' s) lqm) pwfg]{ sfd ulg' aGwg v':sfOg' . pwff] gf) [k|f) p4ff] < ;+) p4f
kl5 df]n r'STofpg] uL lsga]r ug]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . @= kl5 df]n ltg]{ uL lnPsf] lh
G;L C0f . plwg' c) lqm) [;+) p4 O g'] xltof pWofpFbf sf6\g jf v'ONofpg ;Sg] x'g' ;fg n
' wflnf] x'g' . plwg\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) pl4c g'] != ufl8Psf] j:t' vgLvf];L| lemSg' vf]tN
' . @= Jojl:yt x]sf dfndQfnfO{ c:tJo:t x'g] uL s'g} lgx'F jf sf0fn] vf]tNg' . > plw
gkflwg plwGg] sfd jf k|lqmof vf]tNg] rfn vf]tnvftn vf];L| vf;|L . plwgfO gf) plwGg] l
qmof jf k|lqmof . plwgfxf lj) plwGg] :jefjsf] vf]tNg] afgL ePsf] . plwlgg' s) lqm)
plwGg] sfd ulg' vf]tlng' . pw'd lj) [k|f) pb\wd ' ] != rf}k Hofbf clt cf}wL . gf) @=
] 8fsf], lag . > pw'dLpw'd ] lj) pw'd dRrfpg] 8fsf] lgsfNg] pkbfxf e:df;'] . pw
dL pw'd] . pWofO gf) [ plw (ofO)] != plwg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [pWofpcfO] @= pWofpg] l
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pWofOg' s) lqm) plwg nfOg' ;fg nufOg' . pWofpg' ;) lqm) !=
sf6\g] xltofnfO{ 9'
u \ fdf jf ;fgdf 3f]6 ] wf lgsfNg' ;fg nfpg' wflnf] kfg'{ . k|])
) @= plwg nfpg] kfg'{ wflnf] agfpg nufpg' . pw|g' c) lqm) [k|f) p4 g'] != l;pgL v':sg'
Gwg k'm:sg' . ;) lqm) @= s'g} kf7 jf plQmnfO{ afaf kl9xg' bf]xf]ofpg' cfj[lQ ug'{ . >
pw|fO gf) pw|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . plw|g ' c) lqm) pw|g] sfd xf]Og' l;pgL jf aGwg v
':sg' . pg\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) pGg g'] != l;ofsf] gfy|Ldf l5fPsf] wfuf]df jf tf clbdf 3';
fP s'g} j:t' ldnfpg' . @= k'jfFnf], kf]t] cflb ufF:g' dfnf ufFYg' u'FYg' . pg! ;j{)
[ pgL] ljelQm k|Too nfUbf lto{s \ kdf kljlt{t x'g] pmsf] k (pgnfO{ pgsf] O)) . pg@
+) pm0ff{] Rof\uf | , e]8f cflb kz'xsf] gd f}F . d}g gf) jg:kltaf6 k|fKt x'g] Ps vfn
f] d}g vsf

139

pgGrfln;pGg}; pgfGgAa] ;\Vofdf kg]{ pgfGgAa] ;\Vofdf cfpg] . pgfG;o gf) [;+) pmgzt] !
= gAa] gf}sf] of]u;\Vof (( sf] c\s . lj) @= gAa] gf}sf] of]u;\\Vofsf] Ps sd ;o .
G;of}F lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] pgfG;o ;\Vofdf kg]{ pgfG;o ;\Vofdf cfpg] . pgf;L gf) [;+) pm
gfzLlt] != ;QL gf}sf] of]u;\Vof &(sf] c\s . lj) @= ;QL gf}sf of]u;\Vofsf] Ps sd
pgfl;cf}Fpgfl;of}F lj) uGtL ubf{ pgf;L ;\Vofdf k'us ] f] pgf;L ;\Vofsf] . plgpF gf) k
n k"mn gx'g], dl;gf] kft sn]hL sf] jf xlof];]tf] ldn]sf] 8fF7 x'g], 8fF7sf] snd klg
agfOg] Ps emf pGo" . plgg' s) lqm) [pg\ O g'] pGg] sfd ulg' u'lyg' . plgofF gf) dw];l
{ s'6g \ ] sfd jf k];f ePsf] dflg; jf Ps hflt . pgL ;j{) [pm] pm ;j{gfdsf] dWod cfbf
yL{ zAb ltgL . pGh]n k|To) lqmofsf k5fl8 nfu] p2]Zosf] cjlw ;"lrt uL ts jf ;Ddsf]
mfpg] Ps k|Too . (u?Gh]n, vfpGh]n, eg'Gh]n O)) . pGgt lj) [;+)] != dfl:t p7]sf] cUn
f] pFrf] . @= pQd >]i7 . #= pGglt ePsf] ;d[4 . ~ aLh gf) fd|f];Fu afnLgfnL ;k|g] c;n
aLp . pGglt gf) [;+)] != pGgt x'gfsf] cj:yf, lqmof jf efj al9a9fp rlt{snf tSsL clej[l
. @= s'g} sfo{ jf If]qdf ePsf] pBf]u pBd Joj;fo . zLn lj) != pGgltlt nDs]sf] pGglt
g{ rfxg] . @= pGglt ug]{ of]Uotf ePsf] . pGgtf]b gf) [;+)] != j[Qsf] aLr efu p7]sf
] v08 jf c+z . lj) @= k]6 a9]sf] jf k'mn]sf] . pGgog gf) [;+)] != pGglt ug]{ sfd d
flylt p7fpg] jf n}hfg] sfd . @= dflyNnf] sIff, k|d'v :yfg, pRr kb cflbdf k'ofpg] s
fd #= g]kfnLdf k|sflzt Ps klqsf . pGgfO; gf) [;+) pmglj+zlt] != b; gf}sf] of]u;\Vo
f !(sf] c\s . lj) @= b; gf}sf of]u;\Vofsf] Ps sd aL; . > pGgfO;f}F lj) uGtLsf qmdn]
gfO; ;\Vofdf kg]{ pGgfO; ;\Vofsf] . pGgfos lj) [;+)] != pGgog ug],{ dfly n}hfg] jf p
7fpg] . @= cUNofpg] pGgt kfg]{ . #= a9fpg] j[l4 ug]{ . $= ;kfg]{ . plGgb| lj) [;+)]
!= lgb|f gnfUg] lgb|f gkg]{ . @= k'mn]sf] ljsl;t . gf) # lgb|f gnfUg] jf ;fx|} sd
lgb|f nfUg] Ps f]u . pGg}; gf) [pGgfO;] x]) ] pGgfO; . > pGg};f} F lj) pGgfO;f}F .

rf]kaf6 agfOPsf] d}g vf]6f] . > pgL lj) pgaf6 ag]sf] pmgsf] . pgGrfln; gf) [;+) pmgr
Tjfl+zt\] != tL; gf}sf] of]u x'Fbfsf] ;\Vof #(sf] c\s . lj) @= tL; gf}sf of]u;\Vo
s sd rfnL; . > pgGrfln;f} F lj) tL; gf}sf] of]u;\Vofdf cfpg] u0fgfsf qmdn] pgGrfnL;
;\Vofdf kg]{ . pgGrfnL; gf) x]) pgGrfln; . > pgGrfnL;f}F lj) x]) pgGrfln;f}F . pgGr
f; gf) [;+) pmgk~rfzt\] != rfnL; gf}sf] of]u x'Fbfsf] ;\Vof $(sf] c\s . lj) @= rfnL;
gf}sf of]u;\Vofsf] . > pgGrf;f}F lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] pgGrf; ;\Vofdf cfpg] pgGrf; ;\Vofd
f kg]{ . pglGt; gf) [;+) pmglq+zt\] != aL; gf}sf] of]u;\Vof @(sf] c\s . lj) @= aL;
}sf of]u;\Vofsf] . > pglGt;f} F lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] pgGtL;df k]sf] pGtL; ;\Vofdf cfpg]
jf cfPsf] . pgGtL; gf) x]) pglGt; . > pgGtL;f} F lj) x]) pglGt;f}F . pgG;QL gf) [;+)
pmg;Ktlt] != ;f7L gf}sf] of]u;\Vof ^(sf] c\s . lj) @= ;f7L gf}sf] of]u;\Vofsf] .
gG;Qlcf} F pgG;Qlof} F lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] pgG;QL ;\Vofdf kg]{ pgG;QL ;\Vofdf cfpg]
f7L gf) [;+) pmgifli6] != krf; gf}sf] of]u %(sf] c\s . lj) @= krf; gf}sf] of]u;\Vo
] Ps sd ;f7L . > pgG;fl7cf}Fpg;fl7of}F lj) u0fgfqmdn] pgG;f7Ldf kg]{ pgG;f7L ;\Vofdf
cfpg] . pgxQ gf) [;+) pmg;Ktlt] != ;f7L gf}sf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof ^(sf] c\s . lj) @
f7L gf}sf] of]u x'g] ;\Vofsf] . > pgxQf} F lj) uGtLsf qmdn] pgxQ ;\Vofdf k]sf] pgx
df cfpg] . pgfO gf) [ pg\ (cfO)] pGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pgfOg' s) lqm) p
Gg nfOg' pGg] kflg' u'yfOg' . pgfpg' k|) ] lqm) pGg nfpg' pGg] kfg'{ u'yfpg' . pgfpnf
gf) [;+) k0f{jns  k0ff{jnL] lgv'sf]{ jf ktem8df ;'ss ] f v, aflaof], ;flnDaf] cflb
3fF;kftx u|LidsfnLg jiff{kl5 k'gM knfPsf] cj:yf (pbf) pgfpnf] gknfP;Dd a:t'n] rg k
fpFbg } g\ .) . pgfpm lj) [;+) cGos] != s'g} vf; ju{b]lv aflxsf] . @= tf]lsPsf] eG
bf a9\tf . #= grflxFbf] sfd gnfUg] kmfNt" . $= ;DaGw gePsf] . pgfGgAa] gf) [;+) pmg
gjlt] != c;L gf}sf] of]u;
\Vof *(sf] c\s . lj) @= c;L gf}sf of]u;\Vofsf] Ps sd gAa
pgfGgAa]cf} F pgfGAa]of} F lj) u0fgfsf qmddf

pGdQpku|x pGdQ lj) [;+)] != dflQPsf] p4t . @= g;f nfu]sf] dbdQ dbfGw . #= l;NnL ax'nf
f . tf gf) pGdQ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf p4tkgf kfunkg . ~ e}j gf) kz'kltgfysf dlGbb]lv
If0fkl x]sf Ps k|l;4 e}j . ~ ln\uL lj) ax'nfPsf] jf 5F6fPsf] axfgf ug]{ ;GsLsf] :jf
]{ . pGdgL gf) [;+)] Psgf;l;t gfssf 6'Kkfdf b[li6 nufpg] x7of]usf] Ps lqmof jf l:
ylt . pGdfb gf) [;+)] != dg 7]ufgdf gxg] h] kfof] ToxL af]Ng] jf sfd ug{ yfNg] dl:
tissf] f]u 5fF6f kfunkg ax'nL . @= zf]s, ljof]u cflbn] lrQlje|d x'g] ;~rfL efjsf] Ps
]b . > pGdfbs lj) pGdfb r9fpg] dft nfpg] gzfn] n kfg]{ . u|:t lj) !=pGdfbsf] f]u nf
f] ax'nfPsf] . gf) @= ax'nfxf . > pGdfbL lj) != dft r9]sf] gzf nfu]sf] pGdQ . gf) @=
ax'nfP kfun . pGdLng gf) [;+)] != cfFvf v'Ng] jf p3|g] sfd . @= k'mNg] lqmof jf c
j:yf (k"mn) . #= ljsl;t x'g] sfd . $= k|s6 x'g] jf ;fd'Gg] cfpg] sfd . pGdLlnt lj
) [;+)] != v'ns ] f] p3|s ] f] . @= k'mn]sf] ljsl;t . #= dLlnt eO{ blaPsf] s'f yfxf
ePdf x'g] Ps cn\sf . pGd'St lj) [;+)] != d'Qm ulPsf] 5fl8Psf] . @= aGwglxt :jtGq .
f]tf>o gf) s'g} lsl;dsf] s gnfUg] tyf k|ltaGw gePsf] kfgLhxfh cfpFbfhfFbf c8\g] aG
bufx hxfh3f6 . pGd'lSt gf) [;+)] != pGd'Qm x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= s'g} k|sfsf] aG
wg, cleof]u cflbaf6 5f]8g \ ] sfd 5'6sff . pGd'v lj) [;+)] != dflylt d'v kmsf{Psf] pm
Wj{dv ' . @= pT;'s pTsl07t . #= s'g} lbzflt nfu]sf] s;}kl kms]s { f] . $= pTs07fk"j{
s k|tLIff ulx]sf] . pGd"ns lj) [;+)] pGd"ng ug]{ lgd"n { kfg]{ . pGd"ng gf) [;+)] km]
b jf h}bl] v pv]Ng] lqmof jf efj ;d"n gi6 kfg]{ sfd d"nf]R5]bg . pGd]if gf) [;+)] !=
cfFvf v'Ng] jf p3|g] lqmof . @= k'mNg] jf ljsl;t x'g] lqmof . #= ;Demg] jf :d0f
ug]{ l:ylt . $= k|sfz rds 6ns . > pGd]lift lj) != v'ns ] f] jf p3]s | f] (cfFvf) .
@= ljsl;t k'mn]sf] . pGo" gf) x]) plgpF . pk pk) [;+)] != zAbsf cufl8 nfu] clwstf, c
ltlSttf, Go"gtf, ;fdLKo, JoflKt, ;xfos efj cflb cy{ a'emfpg] pk;u{ (pkof]u, pkjf;
, pkk|wfgdGqL, pkxf) . lj) @= cfkmF} ceGbf hfGg]a'g] x'g vf]Hg] a9\tf p4t . (pbf) lt
o; s'fdf pka'h|'s gxf]pm) . cfof]u gf) s'g} vf; sfdsf] th'd { f jf sfof{Gjogsf lgl
Dt d'Vo cfof]uleq ul7t csf]{ ;fgf] cfof]u d'Vo cfof]unfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ cfof]u .
140

PsfO gf) != s'g} j:t' jf ljifosf lgDgtd PsfOsf] klg ;"Idtd PsfO . @= PsfO;dfgs} c
sf]{ PsfO . syg gf) != klxn] elg;lsPsf s'fdf kl5 ylkPsf] efu dflyaf6 ylkPsf] s'f] .
@=a9L s'f] k'mSof{OPsf] s'f] . syf gf) 7"nf syfnfO{ k'i6 kfg{ jf f]rs t'Nofpgsf lglD
ylkPsf] cltlQm syf 7"nf] syfleqsf] ;fgf] syf . s gf) sdfly jf ssf cg'kftdf nufOg]
s . pks0f gf) [;+)] != sfdsfh ug]{ ;;fdfg cf}hf ;fdu|L . @= 5q, rfd cflb fhlrXg .
j) [;+)] != pksf ug]{ pksfL . @= stf{sf] ;xfos . pksf gf) [;+)] != csf] si6lgjf0f ty
xt jf enfOsf lglDt ulg] s'g} c;n jf z'e sfo{ . @= ;]jf ;xfotf . #= s' g } c;n nfe
bfos sfo{ jf kmn . > pksfspksfL lj) csf{sf] lxt jf enfO{ ug]{ pksf ug]{ . pksfo{ lj)
+)] != pksf ug{ of]Uo enfO jf lxt ug'{kg]{ . gf) @= d'Vo sfdsf aLrdf cfOk]sf] sfo{ u
f}0f sfo{ . pks'nklt gf) [;+)] ljZjljBfno, k|1fk|lti7fg cflbsf] pkk|wfg cWoIf (efO
;rfG;n) . pks[t lj) [;+)] != pksf/ jf lxt ulPsf] ;xfotf ulPsf] . @= s[t1 . pkqmd gf)
+)] != s'g} sfdljz]ifsf] cfof]hgf tofL . @= yfngL ;'? cfDe . #= e"ldsf k|:tfjgf . pkq
dl0fsf gf) [;+)] != k':ts, klqsf cflbdf lbOPsf] ljifo;"rL cg'qmdl0fsf . @= j]bsf d
Gq ;"Stxsf Clif tyf 5Gbsf] pNn]v ePsf] j}lbs u|Gy . pkIf]q gf) [;+)] d'Vo If]qleq
kg]{ ;fgf] If]q ;fgf] Onfsf . pkIf]qLo lj) [;+)] pkIf]q;DaGwL pkIf]qsf] . ~ k|;fs]Gb
| gf) If]qLo cfwfdf :yfkgf ulPsf k|;fs]Gb|bl] v cltlQm 7fpFdf :yfkgf ulPsf] ;fgf] k|;
]Gb| . pkIf]k gf) [;+)] != clegosf] k|fDedf gf6ssf] syfj:t' jf j[QfGtsf] ;\lIfKt sy
g . @= ofFSg] jf ldNsfpg] sfd . #= lt:sf . pkv08 gf) [;+)] s'g} u|Gy jf k':tssf kl5
ylkPsf] efu If]ksv08 . pkuLlt gf) [;+)] cfof{ 5GbcGtu{tsf], ;d r0fdf kGw| kGw| ljifd
r0fdf afx|afx dfqf x'g] Ps 5Gb . pku|x gf) [;+)] != s'g} 7"nf] u|x jf k[YjLsf] rf}l
t 3'Dg] ck]Iffs[t ;fgf] u|x . @= cr]nel k[YjL cflb u|xsf] klqmdf ugf{sf lglDt cfsfz
df 5f]l8g] s'g} oflGqs uf]nf jf cf0fljs

141

pku|x0fpkwft' Hofb} . pktfn gf) [pk tfn] ;d'bs | f] kfgL y'lgP ag]sf] tfn ;d'b|sf] 5]p
5fpdf eFufnf] kmf6] ag]sf] tfn . pktL gf) [k|f) pKklt] != s'g} sfd jf v]tLkftL, f]h
uf cflbaf6 ePsf] cfDbfgL sdfO cfo . @= cfo:tf . pkTosf gf) [;+)] kxf8sf k]mbLsf] ;dy
hldg a];L . pkb+z gf) [;+)] ln\usf] 5fnf jf 6f]k|fdf ;;fgf laldf lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf] ;?
jf f]u le\uL . > pkb+zL lj) pkb+z f]un] kLl8t le\u] . pkbkmf gf) [;+) pk kmf) bk
kmfleqsf] ;fgf] bkmf n3' cg'R5]b pkaGw . pkbfg gf) [;+)] != lgj[lQe0f gkfO{sg} ;]jfa
f6 5'6]sf sd{rfLn] kfpg] jf ;DalGwt lgsfoff lgodfg';f lghnfO{ lbOg] Psd':6 sd . @= sf
];]nL e]6 . #= 3'; . pklbzf gf) [;+)] b'O{ lbzfsf aLrdf x]sf] lbzf ljlbzf sf]0f (cfUg
]o, g}CTo, jfoJo O{zfg) . pklbi6 lj) [;+)] != pkb]z ulPsf] ctL{ lbOPsf] . @= zf:qcg
';fsf] dgf]x jfSo eGg] cy{ a'emfpg] gf6ssf] Ps nIf0f . pkb]z gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ fd
|f] af6fdf nufpg jf wd{, gLlt 1fg;DaGwL c;nc;n s'f l;sfpgsf lglDt lbOg] lzIff ctL{
. @= cf1f lgb]{z . #= u'?dGq bLIff . $= wd{;DaGwL k|jrg wfld{s JofVofg . > pkb]zs lj
) != pkb]z lbg] ctL{ lbg] . gf) @= u'? lzIfs cWofks . pkb] z g gf) ;flxTodf lzIff lb
g] tfTko{ ePsf] gf6fn\sfsf] Ps e]b . pkb|j gf) [;+)] != lahfOF pTkft . @= cfsl:ds cfk
lQ ;\s6 . #= x]) pkb|f] . > pkb|jL lj) pkb|j drfpg] lahfOF ug]{ pkb|fxf . pkb|f ] gf
;+) pkb|j] != s'g} b'Mvb jf si6k|b 36gf lahfOF pkb|j . @= efF8e}nf] pw'd pTkft . > p
kb|fOF gf) pkb|jLsf] sfd pkb|j lahfOF . pkb|fxf lj) != pkb|f] ug]{ pkb|jL . @= km6fx
Nofxf . pkf gf) [;+)] d"n 9f]sfeGbf afx]ssf] csf]{ ;fgf] 9f]sf h:s]nf] . pkLk gf) [;+
] ;fgf] Lk 6fk' . pkwd{ gf) [;+)] s'g} k|d'v wd{leq x]sf] jf ufFl;Psf] csf]{ uf}0f j
f ;fgf] wd{ . > pkwdL{ lj) pkwd{ dfGg] . pkwft' gf) [;+)] != k|wfg jf ldl>t wft'bl
] v leGg wft' ck|wfg wft' (;'gfdSvL, kfdSvL, gLnf]t'yf], d'bf{;\v, l;Gb", wfp O)) .
@= zLsf k|wfg ;ft wft'af6 pTkGg x'g] ck|wfg wft' (b"w, ut, af];f], kl;gf, bfFt, skf
n, cf]7) .

pks0f . #= kqmfp lutfL . $= s}bL y'g'jf . pku|x0f gf) [;+)] != kqmg] jf lutf ug]{
ghaGbL . #= ;+:sfk"j{s j]bsf] cWoog ug]{ lqmof . pk3ft gf) [;+)] != ;s];Ddsf] hf]8
nufpg] sfd xQ]xnfO . @= sf6df ug]{ sfd k|xf jw rf]6 gfz ;+xf . #= OlGb|o lzlyn x'
f . > pk3ftspk3ftL lj) pk3ft ug]{ k|xf ug]{ cf3ft k'ofpg] . pkrrf{ gf) [;+)] != ;]jf
z'>i " ff . @= pkrf lrlsT;f . pkrf gf) [;+)] != lafdLsf 5]pdf x] f]u lgsf] kfg{sf l
ulg] pkfo jf sfo{ cf]vtLd"nf] Onfh . @= lafdLsf] ;]jfz'>"iff jf 6xnrfsL . #= b]vfj6L
sf agfj6L dfgefp . $= k"hfsf] c\u jf ljwfg . %= v';fdb . ^= 3'; . > pkrf/s lj) != pk
rf ug]{ . @= ;]jf jf 6xn ug]{ . gf) #= lrlsT;s . ~ sIf gf) != 8fS6, j}B, sDkfpG8 cfl
bn] JolQmut kdf ;]jf ug{ tyf Joj;fo rnfpg vf]ns ] f] pkrf ug]{ sIf . @= s'g} ;+:yf
jf lgsfon] kf]ksfsf lglDt lgMz'Ns hfFr ug]{ oyfzlQm cf}ifwL klg ljt0f ug]{ sIf . ~
vr{ gf) s'g} sd{rfLnfO{ ;sfL sfdsf l;nl;nfdf lafdL k]df jf rf]6k6s nfuL 3fOt] ePdf p
rf jf tGb'?:tLsf nflu ;DalGwt sfof{no jf ;+:yfaf6 Psd':6 jf k6sk6s uL lbOg] vr{ . p
krffTds lj) [;+)] != pkrf;DaGwL pkrf g} k|dv ' ePsf] . @= s'g} f]u nfu]kl5 f]u lgsf]
g{ jf f]u x6fpg ulg] (k|lqmof, lzIf0f O)) . tf gf) pkrffTds x'gfsf] efj, l:ylt jf k|
lqmof . pkrfL lj) [;+)] pkrf ug]{ pkrfs . pkr'gfj gf) [pk r'gfj] pklgjf{rg . pkh gf)
] != v]tafLaf6 afnL, la?jf, kmn cflbsf kdf pTkGg x'g] vfB j:t' . @= s'g} sfvfgf cfl
baf6 agfOg] jf tof x'g] j:t' . #= dgdf p7\g] s'g} efjgf ;'ema'em . $= ;f]wvf]h cfl
baf6 k|fKt x'g] s'g} gofF s'f] . pkhflt gf) [;+)] != hfltleq x]sf ljleGg e]b hfltsf]
Ps pke]b . @= cl3Nnf] Pp6f tu0f jf hu0f h] eP klg x'g] uL OGb|jh|f pk]Gb|jh|f 5G
bsf] ;+of]uaf6 aGg] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . pkhLljsf gf) [;+)] k|wfg hLljsfb]lv cltlQm cs
f]{ cfDbfgL k'm6s jf cltlQm cfo . pkhLjL lj) [;+)] csf] cf>o jf cfwfdf hLjglgjf{x ug]
ktGq . pkhLJo lj) [;+)] != csf{sf] ef];fdf afFr]sf] csf{sf] cf8df hLljt x]sf] . gf) @
= s'g} sfJos[ltsf syfj:t'sf] d"n ;|f]t jf cfwfe"ld . pk lj) != rf}k la5 cf}wL . lqm)
) @= clt g}

pkwfgpkk|wfg pkwfg gf) [;+)] != tlsof afln:6 c8]; . @= ljz]iftf JolQmTj . #= :g]x s[k
. $= glhs} fVg] lqmof jf efj . > pkwfgL gf) != tlsof . @= l;+xf;gsf dlg kfp fVgnfO
{ flvg] ;fgf] lksf{sf cfsfsf] rf}sL kfbkL7, kfpbfgL . pkwff gf) [;+)] s'g} lgod, ljwf
g cflbleq x]sf] ;fgf] ljefu jf v08 pkbkmf . pkWjlg gf) [;+)] s'g} klg d"n Wjlgsf] :
yfgfg';fL e]b . pkgIfq gf) [;+)] != uf}0f gIfq ;QfO; gIfqb]lv afx]ssf gIfq . @= dg'
ioff lgld{t u|x . pkgu gf) [;+)] 7"nf] zxsf aflxL efudf jf To;}sf] qmddf a;]sf] ;fgf]
zx zfvfgu . pkgbL gf) [;+)] s'g} 7"nf] gbLdf ldl;g] ;fgf] gbL ;xfos gbL . pkgog gf)
)] j|taGw o1f]kjLt;+:sf . pkgfulsf gf) [;+)] != j[ofg'kf | ;sf] Ps e]b dflgPsf], 6 7
9 j0f{xnfO{ 5f]8] >'ltdw' j0f{ dfq afDaf cfpg], ;;fgf yf]} ;df; x'g] Ps z}nL jf j[
. pkgfd gf) [;+)] != s'g} JolQmsf] vf; gfpFb]lv a]Un} csf]{ k|l;4 gfd af]nfpg] gfp
F . @= cfgf] jf:tljs gfdb]lv cltlQm slj, n]vsxn] fv]sf] csf]{ 5f]6sL gfd . #= j+zkDk
lv rlncfPsf], gfdsf cflvdf xg] gfd y . pkgfos gf) [;+)] != cu'jfsf] clwsf kfPsf] ;xof
uL pkg]tf . @= sfJodf k|wfg gfossf] ;xfossf kdf xg] kfq ck|wfg gfos uf}0f gfos . :qL)
pkgflosf . pklgIf]k gf) [;+)] wf}6L gf;f] . pklgod gf) [;+)] s'g} lgodcGtu{t ag]sf]
;fgf] lgod ;xfos lgod . pklgLIfs gf) [;+)] lgLIfseGbf tNnf] jf lgLIfssf] ;xfossf kdf
sfd ug]{ sd{rfL . pklgb]{zs lj) [;+)] lgb]{zseGbf tNnf] jf lgb]{zssf] ;xfossf kdf s
fd ug]{ sd{rfL (8]k'6L 8fO]S6) . pklgjf{rg gf) [;+)] s'g} lgjf{lrt ;b:osf] :yfg jf k
b sf0fjz lgwf{lt cjlweGbf klxn] lQm ePdf To;sf] k"lt{sf lglDt x'g] csf]{ r'gfj pkr'g
fj . pklgj]z gf) [;+)] != s'g} zlQmzfnL b]zn] ;fd|fHosf] lj:tfcGtu{t ljb]zdf a;fn]
sf vf;vf; clwsfaf6 jl~rt jf cf+lzs clwsf dfq k|fKt k|fGt . @= To:tf] zlQmzfnL b]zn
] ;fj{ef}d ;Qf;DkGg csf]{ s'g} klg b]zpk cflwkTo hdfpg] k|j[lQ . #= ;fdlos cfjf;x
]t' agfOPsf 3xsf] ;d"x . $= cGoqaf6 cfO{ a;]sf ;dwdL{ hflt jf Joj;foLx jf ltgsf] ;f
d"lxs a:tL . jfb gf) pklgj]z agfpg] jf sfod ug]{ l;4fGt . jfbL lj)
142

pklgj]zjfbsf] cg'ofoL jf ;dy{s . > pklgj]zL lj) != pklgj]zdf a:g] pklgj]zjf;L . @=

pklgj]z;DaGwL pklgj]zsf] . pklgift\ gf) [;+)] cfo{xsf] u"9 cfWoflTds bfz{lgs ljrf e
lPsf] tyf cfTdf kdfTdfsf] lgk0f ug]{, j]bsf zfvfxdWo] a|fXd0fc+zsf] kl5Nnf] efu . pk
g]tf gf) [;+)] != g]tfsf] ;xfos kfq pkgfos . lj) @= pkgog ;+:sf ufpg] (u'? jf cfrfo{
) . #= glhs n}hfg] . pkg]q gf) [;+)] r:df . pkGof; gf) [;+)] != w]} cWofo jf v08xdf
n]lvg] nfdf] ;flxlTos syf rlqk|wfg uBdxfsfJo . @= jfSosf] pkqmd . sf gf) pkGof; n]Vg
JolQm pkGof;sf] n]vs . pkklt gf) [;+)] k:qL;Fu k|d ] ug]{ jf n;k; ug]{ JolQm cj}w k
lt gf7f] . pkklQ gf) [;+)] != sf0fff zAb jf s'g} j:t'sf] l:yltnfO{ lglZrt ug]{ sfd Jo
TklQ lgj{rg . @= hGd:yfg pTklQ:yfg k|hgg:yfg . #= rltfy{ x'g] lqmof ;\ult . $= o'lQm
df0f . pkkTgL gf) [;+)] NofOPsL :qL vf}6L :jf:gL . pkkb gf) [;+)] != ;lDdlnt zAbdf k
lxn] cfpg] jf kl9g] kb ;df;sf] k|flDes kb . @= pkflw kbjL . ~ ;df; gf) ;df; gx'b F f
:jtGq kn] k|of]udf gcfpg] t s[bGtsf ;fy pQkbsf kdf cfpg] ;df; . pkklR5]b gf) [;+)] k
:tssf] d"n klR5]bafx]ssf] ;fgf] klR5]b . pkkfbs gf) [;+)] s'g} ljifo, ts{ jf tYonfO
{ k|df0f lbP l;4 ug]{ pkklQ jf pkkfbg ug]{ . pkkfbg gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f jf ts{nfO{
o'lQmk"js { l;4 ug]{ sfd fd|L k|ltkfbg ug]{ sfds'f] . @= sfd kmQ] ug]{ k|lqmof sfo{
;4 ug]{ ljlw . pkkfB lj) [;+)] k|df0f lbP l;4 ug{ nfos pkklQ jf pkkfbg ug{ of]Uo .
pkk'f0f gf) [;+)] c7f dxfk'f0fb]lv cltlQm c ;;fgf k'f0f (;gTs'df, gfl;+x, gfbLo,
{;f, slkn, dfgj, cf}zg;, j?0f, sflns, zfDa, gGbL, ;f}, kfz, cflbTo, dfx]Zj, efu{j jl
zi7 cflb) . pkk|wfg lj) [;+)] k|wfgb]lv tNnf] txsf] d'VoeGbf Ps tx ;fgf] . ~ k~r gf
) k~rfotL Joj:yf 5Fbf :yflkt ePsf] ufpF jf guk~rfotsf] k|wfg k~rkl5sf] k~rn] kfPs
f] kb . ~ dGqL gf) k|wfg dGqLeGbf ;fgf] cGo dGqLeGbf 7"nf] txsf] tyf k|wfg dGqLsf
] cg'kl:yltdf pgsf] ;f dlGqd08nsf] g]t[Tj ug]{ dGqL .

143

pkk|zf;spkrf]f k jf u'0fsf] ;fb[Zo b]vfpFbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . (pbf) rDkf 5g\ rGb|df
L x]bf{ cToGt ;'GbL) . pkdftf gf) [;+)] != cfdfafasL :qL wfO{cfdf . @= ;f}t]gL cfdf .
lj) #= pkdf lbg] t'ngf ug]{ . pkdfg gf) [;+)] != s'g} csf]{ j:t'sf] afaL jf ;dfgtf
atfpg] j:t' jf JolQm pkd]onfO{ k'li6 ug]{ tj . @= Gofosf rf k|sfsf k|df0fdWo] Ps . p
kldt lj) [;+)] pkdf lbOPsf] bfFlhPsf] . pkldq gf) [;+)] dLt gnufOPsf] t Jojxfn] lxt}i
fL ePsf] ;FuL ;fwf0f ;fyL . pkd]o lj) [;+)] != pkdf lbg of]Uo t'ngf ug{ nfos . @= j0
f{g ug{ of]Uo j0f{gLo . gf) #= ljz]if u'0f jf cff]k ePsf] j:t' pkdfgff k|ltkfB j:t' .
> pkd]of]kdf gf) b'O{ ;dfg j:t'sf kof{oqmdn] k:kdf pkd]o pkdfg x'g] pkdf cn\sfsf] P
e]b . pko'St lj) [;+)] != 7Ls plrt dgfl;a . @= ;'xfpFbf] rflxFbf] cg's"n . #= nfos o
]Uo . $= rngdf NofOPsf] pkof]u ulPsf] . tf gf) pko'Qm x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cf}lrTo .
pkof]u gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ pkof]u jf Jojxfdf Nofpg] sfd k|of]u Jojxf . @= kmf
Obf nfe . pkof]lutf gf) [;+)] != pkof]uL x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . @= sfd nfUg] jf rn
gdf cfpg ;Sg] s'g} j:t'sf] u'0f jf tj . jfb gf) s'g} j:t' jf ;DaGwsf] dxj To;sf] ef
}lts pkof]lutf jf dfgj;dfhsf] sNof0fsf lglDt lge{ x'g'k5{ eGg] l;4fGt . jfbL lj) pk
of]lutfjfbsf] cg'ofoL jf ;dy{s . pkof]uL lj) [;+)] != sfddf k|of]u ug{ x'g] jf ;l
sg] sfd nfUg] . @= rngrNtLdf Nofpg ;lsg] pkof]udf Nofpg nfos k|of]hgLo . #= 7Ls rflx
Fbf] of]Uo . $= kmfObf lbg] nfesfL . pk gf) [;+) pkl] != s;}af6 lng'kg]{ wgdfn, >L;Dk
Q cflb lng] sfd c;'n . gf) of]) @= dfly df . pkIfs lj) [;+)] != kxf a:g] rf}sLbf . @
'Vo Ifssf dftxtdf x] sfd ug]{ IfseGbf Ps txdlgsf] Ifs . pkv'L gf) [pk v'L] ;'t]
emfL cUnf] 7fpFdf a:tf Pp6f 3'F8fdfly csf]{ v'f] c8fP a:g] cf;g To:tf] a;fOsf] rfn .
pkr6pkrf]6 lj) [pk rf]6] != jh| k]em}F PSsfl; cfOk]sf] dflyaf6 v;]sf] jf em]sf] (
gf) @= rf]6dflysf] rf]6 . pkrf]f lj) [pk rf]f] rf]fnfO{ klg dfy ug]{ uL cfPsf] w"t{
.

pkk|zf;s gf) [;+)] k|zf;gsf txdf ;xfos k|zf;seGbf dflyNnf] ;xk|zf;seGbf tNnf], fhk
qf\lst ltLo >]0fL :tsf] sd{rfL . pkk|lzIfs gf) [;+)] k|lzIfssf] txeGbf tNnf] txsf] lz
Ifs . pkk|Zg gf) [;+)] k|Zgleq p7]sf] csf]{ k|Zg k"s k|Zg uf}0f k|Zg . pkk|frfo{ gf)
[;+)] SofDk; jf dxfljBfnosf] z}lIfs tyf k|zf;lgs sfo{;~rfng ug]{ pkk|d'v jf clws
fL . pkk|fWofks gf) [;+)] ljZjljBfno, dxfljBfno cflbdf k9fpg] k|fWofkssf rf txsf k|
fWofks, ;xk|fWofks, pkk|fWofks ;xfos k|fWofksdWo] t];f | ] txsf] k|fWofks ltLo >]0
fLsf] k|fWofks . pkaGw gf) [;+)] != s'g} ;DefjgfnfO{ Wofgdf fvL k|aGw ulPsf] s'g} l
jlw jf k|n]vsf] c\u jf wff pkbkmf . @= ;fgf]ltgf] ;+of]u d]n . #= ltlqmofsf] Ps cf;g
. pka'hs '| gf) [pk a'h|'s] a'hs '| dfly klg a'hs '| aGg vf]Hg] t vFlbnf] ts{ lg0f{
o lbg g;Sg] JolQm hfGg] geP klg hfGg] x'g rfxg] JolQm . pkefiff gf) [;+)] s'g} klg
b]zsf] fi6efiff jf k|wfg efiffb]lv leGg efiff eflifsf . > pkeflifsf gf) eflifsfsf]
pke]b . pke'St lj) [;+)] != ef]u jf pkof]u ulPsf] . @= h'7f] plR5i6 . pkef]Stf lj) [
;+)] sfddf Nofpg] jf Jojxf ug]{ pkef]u ug]{ (JolQm) . pkef]u gf) [;+)] != ;'v jf cf
gGbsf] k|flKtsf lglDt s'g} j:t'nfO{ ef]Ug] jf Jojxfdf Nofpg] sfd . @= ef]hg ug]{
sfd . #= ef]uljnf; . $= :qL;xjf; ug]{ sfd . %= sfvfgf jf s[lifkmd{ cflbaf6 pTkfbg
ePsf j:t'sf] ef]urng ug]{ sfd . > pkef]uL lj) pkef]u ug{] . pkef]Uo lj) pkef]u ug
{ nfos ef]u ug{ ;'xfpFbf] . pkef]Ho lj) [;+)] vfg nfos ef]hg ug{ ;lsg] . pkd08n gf)
[;+)] s'g} klifb\ jf d08nleqsf] ;fgf] ljefu . pkdGqL gf) [;+)] dGqLeGbf tNnf] txsf
] dGqL . pkdGo' gf) [;+)] Ps uf]qk|jt{s j}lbs Clifsf] gfd . uf]q gf) pkdGo' Clifsf
gfddf rn]sf] uf]q jf j+zklrfos gfd (9sfn, cf]nL cflbsf] uf]q) . pkdxfLk gf) [;+)]
dxfLkleqsf] jf dxfLksf glhs} x]sf] 7"nf] 6fk' ;fgf] dxfLk . pkdf gf) [;+)] != s'g} Ps
j:t'nfO{ csf]{ j:t'sf ;fy bfFHg] jf t'ngf ug]{ sfd . @= b[i6fGt pbfx0f . #= ;dfg

pk/tnLpklji6 pktnL gf) [pk tn O{] 5fb\g] 5]g]{ cj:yf jf f]u emf8fafGtf lb;f adg
f) [;+)] vf; TgeGbf tNnf] sd bhf{sf] Tg sd;n vfnsf] Tg (:kml6s, l;kL cflb) . pky'k
[pk y'k] eOx]sf sfddflysf] yk sfd ykdfly yk yksf yk . pk; gf) [;+)] != kff]h:t} u'0
gPsf] ; jf vlgh kbfy{ . @= lrQdf k}bf ePsf] lglj{sf ;f]rfO efj (;flxTodf) . pkfh gf)
[;+)] != fhfsf] cg'kl:ylt jf c;dy{tfdf k|ltlglw eP sfd ug]{ JolQm . @= ;fdGt fhf .
pkfGt cJo) [;+)] s;}sf] cGtdf kl5af6 To;kl5 clnkl5 cgGt . pkfi6klt gf) [;+)] u0ft
fi6kltsf] sfo{ef ;3fpg] jf fi6kltsf] cg'kl:ylt c;dy{tfdf fi6kltsf] sfo{;Dkfbg;d]
i6klteGbf d'lgsf] kb . pkl gf) of]) [;+)] dfly pk x]) ;jf]{kl . pklof gf) [pk Oof
fg lsg] aLr}df gfkmf vfO{ laqmL ug]{ JofkfL dfn;fdfg af]sL 33 3'd] a]Rg] JolQm . @= p
fpm JolQm . pkLIfs gf) [;+)] != x]ljrf ug]{ JolQm cwLIfs . @= lgLIfseGbf dflyNnf] bhf
sf] k|xL sd{rfL . pkks gf) [;+)] k|d'v b;j6f ksb]lv leGg c7f k|sfsf b[ZosfJo (gfl6sf
f]6s, uf]i7L, ;s, gf6f;s, k|:yfg, pNnfKo, sfJo, k|]If0f, f;s, ;+nfks, >Lulbt, lzNks,
ljnfl;sf, b'dl{ Nnsf, k|sl0fsf, xNnLz efl0fsf) . pk/f]St lj)x]) pko'Q { m. pkem{6
lj) [pk em] != cs:dft\ cfOk]sf] . lqm)lj) @= ckem{6 . pkgf{ gf) [pk gf] != cf]9g \ ] k
pQLo . @= dflyNnf] c\udf k|of]u ulg] pmgL sk8f . pko'S { t lj) [;+)] dfly atfOPsf] df
ly elgPsf] cufl8 pNn]v ulPsf] pk/f]St . pknIf0f gf) [;+)] != s'g} vf; nIf0fleqsf] uf
}0f nIf0f s'g} :ki6 lgb]{z ePsf tjsf] 5gs lbg] uf}0f s'f] . @= uf};Fu x]g]{ sfd lgLIf
f . #= s'g} c:yfoL lrXg jf ;\s]t . pknIo gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'fsf] nIf0f, lrXg jf ;\s
]t . @= nIo p2]Zo . #= eO;s]sf] jf kl5 x'g] s'g} fd|f] sfd s'fsf] cj; (k"hf, pT;j, ef
]h O)) . pknAw lj) [;+)] != kfOPsf] k|fKt . @= yfxf kfOPsf] 1ft . > pknlAw gf) != pk
nAw x'g] cj:yf, lqmof jf efj k|flKt . @= vf; vf]h jf cWoogaf6 k|fKt ;kmntf jf
144

lgisif{ . #= cg'e"lt 1fg . $= a'l4 . pknEo lj) [;+)] != k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] pknAw ug{ o
f]Uo k|fKo . @= 1fg ug{ nfos hfGg of]Uo . #= cfb jf k|z+;f ug{ of]Uo . pkNnL lj) [pk
Nnf] O{] dflysf] dfly x]sf] dflyNnf] . ~ la; gf) klxnf] la; k"jf{w{ltsf] la; . ~ j]b
z'Snoh'jb {] sf klxnf cWofob]lv aL;f}F cWofo;Ddsf] v08 cl3Nnf] aL; cWofodf x'g] j
]b . pkNnf] lj) [pk nf]] dflyNnf] dfl:tsf] pFef]sf] . pkjStf lj) [;+)] d"n jStfsf] ;x
pkjfrs . pkjrg gf) [;+)] lTjLe"t zAbxdf cf+lzs lTj eP ag]sf zAbsf cufl8 cfpg] kb (em}
emu8f, ttd;'s, aaGbf]a:t O)) . pkjg gf) [;+)] != ;;fgf] jg jf h\un . @= v'nf d}bfg j
f rf} ePsf] au}Frf k"mnafL pBfg . #= s[lqd h\un . pkju{ gf) [;+)] s'g} vf; ju{leq x]
;;fgf ju{sf] ;d"x;d"xleqsf] ;fgf] ;d"x pk;d"x . pkjfSo gf) [;+)] 7"nf] jfSoleq x]sf]
s'g} ;dflksf lqmof;lxtsf] ;fgf] jfSo . pkjfrs lj) [;+)] k'f0f cflbsf jfrssf] ;xfo
s k'f0f cflb afRtf d'Vo jfrsLsf lafdxsf] ljrf uL ;Rofpg] (JolQm) . pkjfl0fHob"t gf)
)] jfl0fHob"tsf cg'kl:yltdf sfo{ef u|x0f uL sfo{;~rfng ug]{ b"t . pkjf; gf) [;+)] !
= lbge jf cxf]fq ef]hg gug]{ sfd s]xL klg gvfO{ j|t a:g] sfd lgfxf . @= cgzg n\3g .
jf;spkjf;L lj) pkjf; ug]{ lgfxf a:g] . pkljBf gf) [;+)] != Jofjxfls jf nf}lss ljBf .
uf}0f jf ;fwf0f ljBf . pkljwf gf) [;+)] ljleGg ljwfsf c\upkf\u ljwfsf cGtu{t cfpg] ;
fgf ljwf . pkljlw gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljlw jf lgodcGtu{t ag]sf] ;fgf] lgod ljlgod .
@= uf}0f jf ck]Iffs[t sd dxjsf] ljlw . pkljefu gf) [;+)] s'g} 7"nf] ljefucGtu{tsf]
;fgf] ljefu zfvf . pkljefhg gf) [;+)] d"n ljefhgcGtu{tsf] ljefhg ;fgf]ltgf] ljefhg
. pkljif gf) [;+)] ljz]if 3fts gePsf] xNsf lsl;dsf] ljif (ef, wt'f] cflb) . pkljif
o gf) [;+)] d'Vo ljifocGtu{t x]sf] ;fgf]ltgf] vfnsf] ljifo . pklji6 lj) [;+)] a;]sf
] jf x]sf] .

145

pkjLtpkfWoIf ePsf] hUuf cg'j{f e"ld . pk:y gf) [;+)] != tNnf] efu k'5fsf] c+z . @= hg
]lGb|osf cf;kf;sf] k|b]z sf5 . #= sfv . pk:yfkg gf) [;+)] s'g} ;ef, ;+:yf cflbdf k
|:tfj fVg] jf k|:tfj k]; ug]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . pkl:yt lj) [;+)] != xflh ePsf] glhs x]
sf] . @= x]Ssf ePsf] ;Demgfdf cfPsf] . pkl:ylt gf) [;+)] pkl:yt x'g] sfd jf cj:yf x
flhL ljBdfgtf . ~ kl~hsfk'l:tsf gf) xflhL hgfpg] sfkL xflhL axL . pkxl;t lj) [;+)]
ulPsf] xF:;L p8fOPsf] xF;L7f ulPsf] . pkxf gf) [;+)] != s'g} v'l;ofnLsf k|;\udf df
jf ldqnfO{ lbOg] e]6 sf];n ] L ;f}uft ghfgf . @= fd|f] jf of]Uo sfd ug]n { fO{ ;Ddfg
fy{ lrg':jk lbOg] j:t' . > pkxfs lj) pkxf lbg] sf];n ] L r9fpg] . pkxf; gf) [;+)] !=
sf{nfO{ nlHht t'Nofpg jf lv;Ll6pL ug{sf lglDt ulg] xF:;L7f luNnf . @= lgGbf abgfdL .
> pkxf;s lj) pkxf; ug]{ xF:;L p8fpg] luNnf ug]{ . pkxf:o lj) pkxf; ug{ of]Uo xF:;L ug
{ nfos . pkt lj) [;+)] pkxf r9fOPsf] ;f}uft lbOPsf] . pkf+z ' gf) [;+)] PsfGtdf cn] ;
lgg] uL ulPsf] b]jtfsf] k|fy{gf dGqhk . pkfv08 gf) [;+)] pTkft Hofbf cf}wL pw'd . p
g gf) [;+)] != k'fgf] syf k|frLg j[QfGt . @= 7"nf] syfcGtu{t xg] ;fgf] syf . #= pvfg
. pkf\u gf) [;+)] != s'g} c\usf] efu cjoj . @= s'g} j:t'sf] cefjk"lt{ ug]{ csf]{ ;x
fos jf k"s j:t' . pkfbfg gf) [;+)] != lng] jf u|x0f ug]{ sfd . @= kfpg] sfd k|flKt p
knlAw . #= s'g} j:t'sf] pkof]u ug]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . $= af]w 1fg . %= s'g} j:t' t
of x'g] ;fdu|L ;fwg sf0f x]t' . ^= s'g} sfdsf lglDt lbOPsf] Psd':6 sd . ~ sf0f gf)
j:t'sf pTkfbgdf xg] d'Vo ef}lts j:t' (h:t} sk8fsf] pkfbfg sf0f wfuf]) . pkfb]o lj) [
;+)] != lng nfos u|x0f ug{ of]Uo . @= pQd >]i7 . #= sfd nfUg] pkof]uL . tf gf) != u|
x0f ug{ of]Uo x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= pkof]lutf . pkflw gf) [;+)] != of]Uotf, d
xj, ;Ddfg cflb hgfpg] kb jf zAb kbjL kb bhf{ . @= Pp6f s'fnfO{ cs}{ s'f atfpg] 5n sk
#= pkb|j pTkft . $= st{Josf] ljrf wfld{s lrGtg . wfL lj) pkflw kfPsf] kbjL kfPsf]
kfWoIf gf) [;+)] s'g} ;+:yf cflbdf cWoIfsf] ;xfos

pkjLt gf) [;+)] != hg} o1;"q . @= j|taGw pkgog . {] , pkj]b gf) [;+)] != d'Vo rf j]bb
]lv leGg j]b -cfo'jb wg'jb {] , uGwj{jb ] :yfkToj]b_ nf}lss ljBf . pkJofVof gf) [;
+)] JofVofcGtu{t cfpg] ;fgf]ltgf] JofVof JofVofkl5sf] JofVof . pkzdg gf) [;+)] !=
dgsf] OR5f jf jf;gfnfO{ zdg ug]{ sfd OlGb|olgu|x . @= zfGt xg] l:ylt jf sfd . pkz\sf
gf) [;+)] z\sfdflysf] klg z\sf z\sfdf klg z\sf . pkzfvf gf) [;+)] zfvfsf] klg zfvf ;
] zfvf k|zfvf . pkzfnf gf) [;+)] 3df cfPsf kfx'gfxnfO{ a;fpg] ;fgf] 3 kfx'gf3 . pklz
gf) [;+)] k|wfg lzIfskl5sf] lzIfs ;xfos lzIfs . pklzio gf) [;+)] lziosf] klg lzio r
]nfsf] r]nf] . pkzLif{s gf) [;+)] d'Vo zLif{scGtu{t xg] ;fgf] zLif{s ;xfos zLif{s .
pk;+jfb gf) [;+)] != d'Vo ;+jfbsf klxn] ulg] ;fdfGo ;+jfb . @= k:ksf] k|lt1f jf sa'
n ;Demf}tf ;lGw . pk;+:sf gf) [;+)] d'Vo ;+:sfsf] c\u ag]sf] ;+:sf kl5 ulPsf] ;+:s
+:sf . pk;+xf gf) [;+)] != s'g} ljifosf] ;dflKt cGt . @= s'g} k':ts jf n]vsf] d'Vo l
jifoqmdnfO{ 6'U \ ofpg jf lgrf]8k lbg n]lvg] clGtd c+z . #= ;ff+z lgrf] . > pk;+xfL
!= pk;+xf ug]{ . @= pk;+xf n]Vg] . pk;lrj gf) [;+)] fhkqf\lst ltLo >]0fL jf ;f];xsf
{rfLsf] kb . pk;efklt gf) [;+)] ;efkltnfO{ ;3fpg] jf lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;efkltsf]
sfd ;FefNg] clwsfL pkfWoIf . pk;efd'v gf) [;+)] s'g} b]zsf] k|ltlglw;efdf ;efd'vsf]
;xfossf kdf xg] jf lghsf] cg'kl:yltdf ;efd'vsf] sfo{ef ;FefNg] JolQm jf To:tf] kb
. pk;ldlt gf) [;+)] s'g} sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ul7t, d'Vo ;ldltcGtu{tsf] ;fgf] ;ldlt . p
k;Dkfbs lj) [;+)] != ;Dkfbssf dftxtdf x] jf lghnfO{ ;3fO{ ;Dkfbgsf] sfd ug]{ . gf)
@= ;xof]uL ;Dkfbs . pk;u{ gf) [;+)] zAbsf cufl8 x] d"n zAbsf cy{df psfn, cf]fn, leGg
tf cflbsf] cy{ lbg] cJoo zAb (k|, kf, ck, ;d\ cflb) . pk;fu gf) [;+)] e"efuleq 3';]
sf] ;d'b|sf] efu ;fgf] ;d'b| vf8L . pk;LdfGt e"ld gf) [;+)] ljz]if lsl;dn] kmfObf g
x'g] v]tLkftL

pkfWofopaf\g' eP sfd ug]{ clwsfL pk;efklt . pkfWofo gf) [;+)] != j]bj]bf\u k9fpg] u
@= lzIf0f jf cWofkgsfo{ ug]{ JolQm . #= pQd a|fXd0fhflt eGg] a'emfpFbf k|of]u ulg]
zAb . > pkfWofoL gf) != lzlIfsf pkfWofof . @= cWofkssL kTgL u'?df . pkfGt lj) [;+)]
!= cGToeGbf klxn]sf] 5]psf glhssf] . gf) @= n]Vbf bfofFafofF 5f]l8g] sfutsf] efu d
flh{g . pkfDd] lj) [ ckfDd]] cufw Hofb} ckfDd] . pkfo gf) [;+)] != s'g} c;lhnf] jf cK
7]f] sfd ;lhnf];Fu ug]{ o'lSt h'lSt . @= pBf]u k|oTg ;kmntfsf glhs k'ofpg] d'Vo s'f]
l;4 lj) pkfoaf6 l;4 x'g ;Sg] . > pkfofGt lj) vf; pkfob]lv afx]ssf] pkfob]lv leGg .
pkfh{g gf) [;+)] v]tLkftL, OndpBf]u cflbaf6 ulg] sdfO cfDbfgL . > pkfh{gLo lj) != sdf
pg of]Uo . @= ;\u|x ug{ nfos . pkflh{t lj) [;+)] != sdfOPsf] cfDbfgL ulPsf] . @= ;\u|
x ulPsf] a6'lnPsf] . pkfnDe gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] clzi6 jf cg'lrt Jojxfsf lglDt p;};u
F ulg] l;sfot ;DemfOa'emfO;lxtsf] xKsL u'gf;f] b'v];f] . @= lgGbf ckjfb . pkf;\ \ g'
lqm) [;+) pkjf; g'] s]xL gvfO{sg a:g' lgfxf a:g' j|t a:g' . pkf;s lj) [;+)] != pkf;gf
f cffwgf ug]{ eSt . @= leIf'b]lv afx]ssf] a'4k"hs a'4dfuL{ . pkf;gpkf;gf gf) [;+)] !=
b]jtf jf k"Ho JolQmsf 5]pdf a;] k|;Gg t'Nofpgsf lglDt ulg] lrGtg, k"hg jf cffwg .
@= s'g} ljifo jf s'fdf Wofg lbg] jf nflukg]{ sfd . pkf;fO gf) [pkf;\ - cfO)] pkf:g]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pkfl;g' c) lqm) s]xL gvfO{sg a:g] sfd ulg' j|t al;g'
. pkf;L lj) [;+)] pkf;gf ug]{ pkf;s . pkf:o lj) [;+)] != pkf;gf ug{ of]Uo jf plrt k"
Ho cffWo . @= ;]jf ulPsf] (b]jtf jf k"Hohg) . plkpFplkofF gf) h'd|fhqf], km8s] lxF8\g
, sn]hL sf], k|f0fLsf] utr';'jf sLf] . pk]Ifs lj) [;+)] != pk]Iff ug]{ jf:tf gug]{ x
ug]{ . @= pbf;Lg . pk]If0fLo lj) [;+)] pk]Iff ug{ of]Uo jf plrt 3[0ff ug{ nfos .
pk]Iff gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ cof]Uo jf t'R5 7fg] p;k|lt Wofg glbg] sfd a]jf:tf nfkaf{
xL . @= lt:sf lgGbf cgfb . > pk]lIft lj) pk]Iff ulPsf] lglGbt lt:s[t .
146

pk]Gb| gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf sfG5f] efOsf] gfd . @= jfdgk lji0f' . jh|f gf) hu0f, tu0
f, hu0f b'O{ u'? ePsf] k|To]s kfpdf P3f cIf x'g] jfl0f{s 5Gb . pkf]b\3ft gf) [;+)]
!= cfDe yfngL ;'? . @= k':tssf k|fDedf xg] jQmJo e"ldsf k|:tfjgf . pkf]i0f lj) [;+)
pi0ftf ePsf] udL{n] yf]} 5f]Psf] . ~ k|bz ] gf) sd pi0ftf ePsf] k|bz ] pi0f k|bz ]
sf 5]p5fpsf] k|b]z . pKsg' c) lqm) [;+) pTk6] 6fFl;Psf] j:t' 5'lP cfpg' kfk|f lg:sg'
. > pKsfO gf) pKsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . pKsfOg' s) lqm) pKsfpg nfOg' . pKsfpg
' k|) ] lqm) != pKsg] kfg'{ . ;) lqm) @= kfk|f pKsfpg] sfd ug'{ . plKsg' c) lqm) p
Ksg' . pk|fGt cJo) [;+) pkfGt] ca pkfGt . pk|Ly'kL | lqm) lj) [pkl y'kf | ]] Psdfly
]{ eP y'kg | ] uL ykfyk vft}vft yf]kyfk . pkmfg gf) [pkmf] != b"w cflb pDn] dfly
LFh;lxtsf] efu pdfn . @= dgf]bj \ u ] dfgl;s emf]Ssf . pkmf\g' ;) lqm) [pk|m cf g']
j:t'nfO{ dflylt x'ofpg' pFef] kmfNg' pfNg' . > pkmffO gf) pkmfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof .
mflg' s) lqm) pkmfg]{ sfd ulg' pk|mfOsf] kfq x'g' . pk|mg' c) lqm) [;+) p::kmf0f] !=
dg 5f8] dfly a'n'{Ss x'lQg' jf pl5lg' . @= gfg' km8\sg' . #= dflQg' cf}tfpg' pn{g' .
= clt qm'4 x'g' . > pk|mfO gf) pk|mg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pk|mfpk|mL gf) [pk|m pk|m]
pk|mLpk|mL lxF8g \ ] sfd k:k pk|mg] lqmof ;fd"lxs pk|mfO . plk|mg' c) lqm) [pk|m O g
]) pk|mg' . @= pk|mg] x'g' . pk|mf}nf gf) [pk|m cf}nf] != k'mf}nf (Jo\Uofy{df) . @= 6
'6N ' sf] (P]hgdf) . pa8vfa8 lj) [lx)] != cUnf] xf]rf] ePsf] vfN8fv'N8L k]sf] uN8fu
' vN8fv'N8' . gf) @= To:tf] af6f] jf 7fpF . pafO gf) [ pafp (cfO)] pafpg] lqmof jf
of . [ > ] pafOg' s) lqm) pafpg] sfd ulg' p3fOg' . pafpg' ;) lqm) [;+) pb\jfxg] kfgL
, cgfh cflbdf cFhn ' L jf efF8f uf8] lemSg' p3fpg' . paf\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pkl;s0f] !=
'g} lglZrt sfdsf nflu 7]lsPsf] j:t' lskmfot u] hf]ufpg' vr{ u] arfpg' . @= hu]f fVg'
ug'{ . > paf gf) hf]luP x]sf] c+z jf dfqf art . paffO gf) pafg]{ lqmof jf

147

pAhg'pdfppdfj gf) zAb cy{ b'j}df ePsf] cn\sf . pefO gf) [ pefp (cfO)] pefpg] lq
mof . [ > ] pefOg' s) lqm) pefpg] sfd ulg' . pefpg' ;) lqm) [pafp g'] pafpg' . pef8\g'
) lqm) [;+) pb\e0f] pQ]lht kfg'{ e8\sfpg' psf:g' . > pef8fO gf) pef8\g] lqmof jf k|l
qmof . pefl8g' s) lqm) pef8\g] sfd ulg' . pef\g' ;) lqm) [paf g'] x]) pafg'{ . > pef
af . peffO gf) pefg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . peflg' s) lqm) pefg]{ sfd ulg' . pef? lj) p
. pleg' c) lqm) [k|f) pAe g'] != v8f x'g' 7l8g' . @= p7\g' l7\lug' . plelG8g' c) lq
) [pleG8f] O g'] 6fpsf] tn v'f dfly kg'{ pleG8f] x'g' pFwd'lG6g' . pleG8f] lj) [;+) p
'08s > k|f) plEe00o] != 6fpsf] jf d'v d'lGt k]sf] 3f]K6f] k]sf] . @= pN6f] . ~ sf]6 ]
f] gf) != l;dnh:tf cUnf vsf xfFufdf tn}tnf jf sf]7}sf]7f ePsf] pleG8f] u'8 F agfp
g] rf] tf]krf] bdfO{rf] au]8L . @= uf]8f 6fpsf] hyfefaL kfL ;'t]sf] dfG5] . #= pN6
d ug]{ jf sf]UNofF6f] a'l4sf] dfG5] . pleG8fO gf) [ plelG8 (ofO)] plelG8g] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . [ > ] pleG8fOg' s) lqm) pleG8f] kflg' . pleG8fpg' k|]) lqm) pleG8f] kfg'{ j
f kfg{ nufpg' plelG8g] kfg'{ . pe]6f] gf) [pefpP6f]] s]xL s'f] 9Ng glbg cf>osf kdf 7f
8f] lsl;dn] flvPsf] 6]jf (yfd, afF;, 3f]rf] O)) . pEofO gf) [ ple (ofO)] pleg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pEofOg' s) lqm) pEofpg] sfd ulg' . pEofpg' k|) ] lqm) != pleg]
kfg'{ pleg nfpg' . @= 78fpg' 7f8f] kfg'{ . pd\g' c) lqm) [pd g'] pFUg' p\g' . pd gf
p\v] p pF3 . pd\u gf) [;+)] s'g} OR5f nfu]sf] sfd ug{nfO{ dgdf pAh]sf] pT;fx pNnf;
f] pb\j]u k'mtL{ tTktf . zLn lj) pd\u ePsf] pT;fxL k'mlt{nf] . pd7\g' c) lqm) [k
'] leqsf] j:t' s'g} ljsfff x'8 F lng' k]6sf cfGb|f pd]l7g' d8flg' a6flg' . > pd7fO
7\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pd7fOg' s) lqm) pd7\g] kflg' . pd7fpg' k|) ] lqm) pd7\g] kf
g'{ . pdl7g' c) lqm) pd7\g] xf]Og' jf x'g' . pdfppdfj gf) [c) pdfj] != cld wgLdfgL
efOefbf .

k|lqmof . paflg' s) lqm) pafg]{ sfd ulg' . paf? lj) != pafg]{ (dfG5]) . @= pa|]sf] (
j:t') . pAhg' c) lqm) [;+) pTkfbg] != pAhf x'g' afnLgfnL kmNg' . @= cs:dft\ lg:sg' k
|s6 x'g' . #= ljrf k'mg'{ . pAhgL gf) [pAhf gL] pAhf pTkfbg pAhfafnL . ~ zlSt gf) pAhf
x'g] Ifdtf hUufhldgsf] afnLgfnL fd|f];Fu ;k|g] zlQm . pAhf gf) [;+) pTkfb] != hUufh
ldgaf6 x'g] cGgkftsf] cfDbfgL pAhgL . @= pTkfbg . pAhfO gf) [ pAh -cfO)] pAhg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pAhfOg' s) lqm) pAhfpg] sfd ulg' . pAhfp gf) != pAhf x'g]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= pAhf . lj) #= k|z:t dfqfdf pAhf x'g] pj{ . pAhfpg' k|) ] lqm)
!= pAhg] kfg'{ pAhf x'g] t'Nofpg' . @= pTkGg ug'{ pTkfbg ug'{ . plAhg' c) lqm) !=
x]) pAhg' . @= pTkfbg x'g' pTkflbt x'g' . plAhnf] lj) != pAhfp pTkfbgzLn . @= pj{ .
pa|g' c) lqm) [;+) pb\j [ g'] art x'g' z]if xg' afFsL xg' . pa|f gf) [pk] h'Dnfdf
rngcg';f 5l5d]sLx a;L ukm ug]{ 3sf] Ps v08 cf]yf a}7s3 k~rfotL 3 . pa|fO gf) [pa
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pla|g ' c) lqm) != x]) pa|g' . @= pa|g] xf]Og' .
pa|Lkfa|Lpa|k ] fa| ] pa|fk ] fa|f ] gf) [pa|L (l))] != pa|s ] f] j:t' paf? j:t' . @
= xnkxn . pe8\g' c) lqm) [;+) pb\e0f] != pQ]lht x'g' e8\sg' peflg' . @= pS;g' dfly
k|s6 x'g' . > pe8fO gf) pe8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . peo lqm) lj) [;+)] b'O{ g} b
'j} . r lj) hn yn b'j} :yfgdf ult ePsf] jf lxF8\g ;Sg] (Eofu'tf], s5'jf O) .) . tM
lqm) lj) != b'jl} t b'jk } l . @= b'jt } km{af6 . lgi7 lj) != b'j}df afa cf:yf jf l
f fVg] . @= b'j}df x]sf] . ~ kIf gf) z'Sn s[i0f kIf . kIfLo lj) != b'O{ltsf] b'O{
jf b'O{ kIf ePsf] . @= b'j} kIfl;t ;DaGw ePsf] . ~ dWo:y lj) b'O{ yLsf aLrdf x] sfd
ug]{ (lax]sf] ndL, s'fsfgLsf] bf]ef;] O)) . d'vL lj) != b'O{lt d'v x'g] b'O{ d'v x'
g] b'O{d'v] . @= b'O{lt x]g]{ . #= b'O{lt cfzf ug]{ . ln\uL lj) != Jofs0fdf b'j} ln
k|of]u x'g] :qLln\u k'ln\u g5'lg] . @= :qL k'?if b'j}sf] lrXg ePsf] . ~ ;\s6 gf)
u] klg, gu] klg cfOkg]{ ;\s6 wd{;\s6 . > peofyL{ lj) b'O{ cy{ nfUg] (zAb jf jfSo) . p
ofn\sf

pds{g'pd' pds{g' c) lqm) [pdsf] { g'] pdsf] { ff ;f; f]Sg' lg;fl;nf] x'g' . > pd
{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pdsf{Og' c) lqm) pds{g] kflg' . pdsf{pg' k|) ] lqm) pds{g nf
pg' . pdls{g ' c) lqm) ;f; f]lsg' lg;fl;g' pds{g' . pdsf] { gf) [;+) pid sf]] ;f;sf]
fx6 lg;fl;g] lqmof . pdf gf) [;+)] dxfb]jsL kTgL jf zlQm b'uf{ kfj{tL . pdfO gf) [ pd
(cfO)] pDg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pdfOg' s) lqm) pDg] kflg' pDg nfOg' pFufOg
' . pdfpg' k|) ] lqm) pDg] kfg'{ pDg nfpg' . pdfklt gf) [;+)] dxfb]j . pdf\g' k|) ] l
m) [;+) c\s ' <] pd|g] kfg'{ pd|g nufpg' . > pdf gf) != pd|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= p
d|fOsf] l5dn (pbf) Ps} pdfdf afL xlo} eP5 .) . pdffO gf) pdfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . pd
lg' s) lqm) pdfg]{ sfd ulg' pd|g] kflg' . pdfn\g' k|]) lqm) [k|f) p0x Ng'] pDng] kfg
g nfpg' pDnfpg' . > pdfn gf) != pDng] lqmof pDnfO . @= b"w, t]n cflb pDnFbfv]l p7]sf
] e'Nsf] . pdflng' s) lqm) pdfNg] sfd ulg' pDng] kflg' . pldg' c) lqm) [pd\ O g'] pDg]
]Og' pFlug' plg' . pd]7\g' c) lqm) [pd7\ g'] x]) pd7\g' . > pd]7fO gf) pd]7g \ ] efj,
mof jf k|lqmof . pd]7fOg' c) lqm) pdl7g] kflg' . pd]l7g' c) lqm) pdl7g] xf]Og' . pd
]b gf) [kmf) pDd]b] x]) pDd]b . jf lj) pDd]bjf . jfL gf) pDd]bjfL . pd] gf) [c
fgf] hGdb]lv jt{dfg cj:yf ;Ddsf] ;dosf] of]u . @= hLjgsf] s'g} klg cj:yf (afNo sfn,
of}jg, jfw{So O)) . #= t?0ffj:yf a}F; . bf lj) != kfsf] pd]sf] x'ls{Psf] . @=tGg]L
;fn' . bfL gf) != pd] afFsL g} x]sf] JolQm tGg]L kf] . lj) @= ev{sf] pd]sf] k
) [;+) pGd'St] != aGwgaf6 d'St x'g' 5'6\g' . @= s'g} vtf jf ;sl;nf] kll:yltaf6 aRg'
hf]lug' . #= v'Ng' v':sg' . $= efUg' k'mTsg' . %= sfdaf6 5'6sff kfpg' . > pDsfO gf)
pDsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pDsfOg' s) lqm) pDsg] kflg' pDsg nufOg' . pDsfpg' k|]) lqm)
pDsg] ufpg' k'mTsfpg' . plDsg' c) lqm) != pDsg' . @= pDsg] xf]Og' . pDSofO gf) plDs
g] lqmof jf k|lqmof pDsfO . pD6g' ;) lqm) [pOF6f] g'] Hofk' emfg{sf lglDt pOF6f]ff ?jf
k]Ng' . > pD6fO gf) pD6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pD6fOg' s) lqm) pD6g] kflg' pD6g nufOg'
. pD6fpg' k|) ] lqm) pD6g] kfg'{ pD6g nufpg' .
148

plDtg' c) lqm) [;+) pGdQ] pGdQ x'g' dflQg' plDng' . > pDTofOF gf) plDtg] lqmof jf k|l
qmof . pDTofOg' s) lqm) plDtg] kflg' . pDTofpg' k|) ] lqm) plDtg] kfg'{ . pDTofx6 gf
) plDtg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pDTofxf lj) plDtg] :jefjsf] cxdTofOF nfu]sf] . pDbf lj)
[c) pDb] pQd a]; . pDd]b gf) [kmf) pDdLb] cfzf ef];f OR5f . jf lj) != pd]b fVg]
gf) @= s'g} gf]sL jf ljBf xfl;n ug]{ cj; kfpg] cfzf fVg] JolQm . #= s'g} kbdf f]lhg
fsf lglDt cfj]bg lbg] JolQm k|TofzL . jfL gf) != pDd]bjf x'gfsf] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
@= cfzf cf;f . #= kb jf ;]jfsf] nflu cf}krfls kdf v8f x'g] sfo{ . $= pDd]bjfsf] bfloT
j . pd|g' c) lqm) [;+) c\s'0f] != aLhaf6 6';f cfpg' 6';f lg:sg' c\s'fpg' . @= af]6l
cflb k}bf x'g' pAhg' . #= dgdf ljrf pTkGg x'g' . > pd|fO gf) pd|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. pd|fOg' s) lqm) pd|g] kflg' . pd|fpg' k|) ] lqm) pd|g jf pdfg{ nufpg' pd|g] kfg'{
. pld|g ' c) lqm) != x]) pd|g' . @= pd|g] xf]Og' . pDng' c) lqm) [;+) pid n g'] w]} tf
fn] ubf{ emf]lnnf] kbfy{ kmLFh tyf afkm;lxt eP dfly p7\g' 58\sg' . > pDnfO gf) pDng
] lqmof jf k|lqmof . plDng' c) lqm) pDng' . pDnfpg' k|) ] lqm) != pDng nufpg' pDng]
kfg'{ . @= pdfNg' . pDNofO gf) plDng] lqmof jf k|lqmof pDnfO . pDNofx6 gf) plDng]
lqmof jf k|lqmof pDNofO pDnfO . pMkL8f gf) [;+)] 5ftL b'Vg] lqmof 5ftLsf] b'vfO k]6b'
fO . p gf) [;+) p;\] 5ftL jIf:yn . Ift gf) != s'g} sf0faf6 kmf]S;fdf k]sf] Kjfn .
f; lgsfNg 5ftLdf agfOg] Kjfn . u gf) 5ftLn] 3;|] lxF8\g] hLj . ~ lrlsT;f gf) 5ftLsf
f]usf] pkrf . ~ lrlsT;fno gf) 5ftLsf f]usf] pkrf ug]{ c:ktfn (r]:6 lSnlgs) . 5]bg
d'6,' kmf]S;f] u|f;gnLsf] zNolqmof ug{ 5ftLsf] ;txdf Kjfn kfg]{ sfd jf k|0ffnL
. pG7]pnf pG7]pnL lj) [pG7]pnf] pG7]pnL] a9\tf rsrs ug]{ cfnfsfFrf a'l4 gl5lKkPsf (s
6L) . pG7]pnL lj) [pG7]pnf] O{] cfnLsfFrL clt rsrs] a'l4 gl5lKkPsL . pG7]pnf]pG7fp
Nn' 7]pnf]] a9\tf rsrs] eO{ grflxFbf] sfd ug]{ :jefjsf] p6k6f\u] a'l4 gl5lKkPsf] cfnf]
fFrf] . pd' lj) [pu|di ' 7] != ;kmf;Fu glrlgg] 3'dn {} f] . @= s'g} rLh s'g} efF8fdf
sl;nf];Fu vfFlbPsf] cd k]sf] . #=

149

p:qf0fplNsg'' gf) pln{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof pNof{OF . pj{ gf) [;+)] w]} pAhgL x'g] w]
f j:t' lg:sg ;Sg] pAhfp . s lj) != pj{ ufpg] dlnnf] t'Nofpg] . gf) @= df6fsf] pj{fz
a9fpgsf lglDt v]tdf k|of]u ulg] j:t' dn . ~ Ifdtf gf) e"ldnfO{ pj{ t'Nofpg] zlQm dln
nf] kfg]{ ;fdYo{ . tf gf) != pj{kgf dlnnf]kgf . @= hGdfpg jf pdfg{ ;Sg] u'0f jf Ifd
tf . pj{f gf) [;+)] != w]} pAhfp x'g] e"ld pAhfp hUuf . lj) @= x]) pj{ . pj{zL gf) [;
)] Ps k|l;4 cK;f jl;i7 cu:TosL cfdf . pjL{ gf) [;+)] != k[YjL . @= lj:t[t e"ld d}bfg
. pn6kn6pn6k'n6 gf) [pN6 kN6] != 7"nf] kljt{g x]km] cbnLabnL . @= cJoj:yf uf]ndfn
t{g . pn6km] gf) [pN6 km]] pn6k'n6 . pnfdfnf gf) [ pNofpg'] csf{sf] n}n} xf]xf]] . p
f) [;+) p0f{<] cfuf] kfg{ k|of]u ulg] wf gePsf] sb{ rsds . plnGsf7 gf) [c
\) j]O
s6]
Psf], s;}nfO{ a;fP b'O{ltaf6 b'O{ jf tLg hgfn] af]sL n}hfg x'g] ;jfL ;fwg tfdbfg cf]l
nGsf7 . pn"s gf) [;+)] pNn" rf] nf6f]sf];]f] . pn]nL gf) [;+) pNnf]n] ljz]if uL of}jg
jf sfdjf;gfsf] pQ]hgf of}g]R5f sfd]R5f . pNsg' c) lqm) [;+) pNsf g'] != pNsfem}F gfd|f
] kl0ffd b]vfpg] sfd x'g' . @= l5lxlng' lh:sg' OQlg' . #= nfhefF8 af]Ng' . pNsf gf) [
;+)] != s'g} a]nf ftdf cfsfzaf6 v:g nfu]sf] jf Ps lbzflt uOx]sf] b]lvg] t]hMk'~h w"d
s]t' . @= cfsl:ds kdf x'g] pTkft crfgs cfOk]sf] pkb|f] . #= cu'N6f] aNbf] bfpf] . pNs
fO gf) [ pNs(cfO)] pNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pNsfOg' s) lqm) pNsg] kflg' pNsg nf
g' . pNsfpg' k|) ] lqm) != pNsg] kfg'{ pNsg nfpg' . @= pNnLlaNnL kfg'{ . pNsfd'v gf
) [;+)] != Ps k|sfsf] fFs]e"t fFs]e"t . @= :ofn . pNsfx6 gf) [pNsfpcfx6] pNsg] tyf pN
fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . plNsg' c) lqm) [pNs O g'] != x]) pNsg' . @= pNsg] xf]Og' . > p
NsL gf) pNSofOF . pNSofOF gf) plNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pNSofOg' s) lqm) plNsg] kflg
' plNsg nufOg' . pNSofpg' k|) ] lqm) plNsg] kfg'{ plNsg

Hofb} 8f]nf] vFlbnf] . p:qf0f gf) [;+)] o'4df 5ftLsf] arfp ug{ nufOg] j:t' sjr . pf7
gf) gdfOnf]kg lbSbfL ljlSt . > pfl7g' c) lqm) pbf; x'g' jf pf7 nfUg' . pfl7nf] lj
] lbSbf nfUg] gdfOnf] nfUg] . pf7] lj) != pbf; . @= pfl7nf] . pfn\g' ;) lqm) [;+)
cfsfzlt ofFSg' pkmfg'{ . @= k'nk'Nofpg' dofpg' . #= axsfpg' . > pfnfO gf) pfNg] lq
f k|lqmof . pflng' s) lqm) pfNg] sfd ulg' . pfn gf) [;+) p{Nn] cfsfzlt x'ofpg] lq
lt x'of{pg] lqmof . w'fn gf) pfNg] 5g]{ sfd rDsfpg] w'f k:g] sfd . kfFh ] l
f Ps kfFhf] aLp dflylt x'ofO{ Tof] dflyaf6 vl;g;St} cfgf xftsf] aLp f]lk;Sg] c;f4] l5
6f] v]t f]Kg hfGg] . @= l56f] 5ltf] . plnf] gf) ltnsf] h:tf] dl;gf] kft eO{ kx]Fnf] k
"mn k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] emf . p? gf) [;+) p?] y'k|f] f; yfs rf . ~ vft lj) != w]}
lj) @= w]} . pf]h gf) [;+)] 5ftLdf x'g] ljz]if lsl;dsf c\u :tg s'r b"w . pu{n gf)
pb\un] lrpf, wfg cflb s'6\g] sf7sf] cf]vn . pbL{ gf) [c) jbL{] lglZrt sfdsf nflu ;
fj{hlgs kdf lbOPsf] clwsfLsf] cf1f cfb]z . ~ kf];fs gf) sfof{no cflbsf] cf}krfls kf];
fs . pb' { gf) [t') pb"] { clws dfqfdf caL clg sd dfqfdf kmf;L t's]{nL efiffsf zAb
ldl;Psf], kmf;L lnlkdf n]lvg] Ps efiff . pb" { gf) x]) pb'{ . pgL{ gf) [lw)] Pp6f d
fq tfsf] wfuf] x'g] ]6] ahfOg] Ps vfnsf] afhf Pstf] afhf . pkm{ ;+of]) [c)] x]) cyj
pn{+bf] lj) [pn{ bf]] pln{x]sf] . pn{g' c) lqm) [;+) pb\f]x0f] != gbL, gfnf, vf]nf cf
bdf 5fn p7\g' t\u cfpg' af9L cfpg' vf]nf a9\g' . @= dflQg' pGdQ x'g' a9\tf x'g' . #=
sg' h\lug' . > pnf{O gf) pn{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pnf{Og' s) lqm) pn{g] kflg' . pnf{p
g' k|) ] lqm) pn{g] kfg'{ . pnf{x6 gf) pn{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pln{b + f] lj) pn{g
] vfnsf] pn{g] a]lunf] . pNof{OF pln{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof pnf{O . pNof{x6

plN5g'pNNofpg' nufpg' . pNSofx6 gf) plNsg] cyjf pNsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pNSofxf l
j) plNsg] :jefjsf] pNsLdf nfUg] . plN5g' c) lqm) [t'n) lx) lxns af]qmf] s'g} kmnk"m
n cflbsf] af]qmf 5f]l8g' af]qmf g\lug' . > pN5fO gf) plN5g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pN5fOg
' c) lqm) plN5g] xf]Og' . pN5fpg' k|]) lqm) plN5g] kfg'{ . pNemg' ;) lqm) [k|f) pNeml
nc] != kfgL, cgfh cflb cFh'nL jf efF8fn] p3fpFb} kmfNg] sfd ug'{ x'ofpg' . @= a]sf
ddf jf grflxFbf] kdf vr{ ug'{ . c) lqm) #= emGem6df km:g' . > pNemg gf) pNemg] l:y
lt jf k|lqmof . pNemfO gf) pNemg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . pNemfOg' s) lqm) pNemg] kflg' p
Nemg nufOg' . pNemfpg' ;) lqm) s'g} j:t' xftn] jf s'g} ;fwgn] x'ofpg] sfd ug'{ . p
Nemfx6 gf) pNemg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . plNemg' s) lqm) pNemg] sfd ulg' . pN6g' c) lqm)
[;+) pNnf]6g] != pN6f] x'g' kN6g' . @= Ps k6s afnL eO;s]sf ufO{e}F;Ln] k'gM ax jf f
Fuf] vf]Hg' . #= Ps cfn] u]sf s'g} d'2fsf] km};nfsf] lj?4 dflyNnf] cfaf6 km};nf x'g
' ab x'g' . ;) lqm) $= kfgL gxfnLsg k'msf] e';, vfgL cflbn] efF8f ;fkm ug'{ p8\sg' .
%= lkmFlhPsf] jf 5lPsf] la:s'g y'Ko|fpg' . ^= kmsf{pg' pN6f] kfg'{ . > pN6fO gf) p
lN6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . pN6fOg' s) lqm) pN6g] kflg' pN6g nufOg' . pN6fO kN6fO g
f) fd|L ulg] x]km] pN6fkfN6L . pN6fpg' k|]) lqm) != pN6f] kfg'{ . @= ab jf vf]h u
ug{ nufpg' . pN6fkfN6fpN6fkfN6LpN6fk'N6f gf) [pN6f] (l) ) kfN6fkfN6Lk'N6f ] != pn6k
]km] cbnLabnL . @= ;f6km] ;fkf . lj) #= ljgfqmdsf] hyfefaL . plN6g' c) lqm) [pN6 O
g' . @= pN6g] xf]Og' . pN6L gf) [pN6 O{] != l3g jf lbuldun] ubf{ jf s'g} ;dodf d'vl
t}af6 kmls{Psf] vfPsf] cGg . @= To;L cGg kms{g] k|lqmof jdg afGtf 5fb . #= pN6f] . ~
sf]6 gf) != af]nt'?kdf ljkIfLn] ;a} KjfOG6 vfPdf x'g,] tf;sf] Ps v]n jf bfp . @= p
N6f] kf] nufpg x'g] sf]6 . ~ Dofb gf) cbfntdf k]sf d'2f l5lgPkl5 x?jfn] xf]sf] ;f] d'
2f pN6fpgnfO{ dflyNnf] cbfntdf bfo ug{ tf]lsPsf] ;do . pN6f] lj) [pN6 cf]] != ;fdfGo
u'0f, cg'ej, wf0ff dfGotf;Fu gldNg] ;'N6f]sf] ljkLt laAn]F6f] . @= pN6f] :jefjsf] c
a];|f] jfddfuL{ . ~ rqmjft gf) h'g lbzf eP axg'kg]{ xf] ;f] geO{ pN6f] lbzflt axg] v
fnsf] jfo'sf] ult e'dL x'G8L . kfN6f] gf) x]) pN6fkfN6f
150

pN6fkfN6L . ~ ;'N6f] lj) dgkL hyfgfd . ~ rkt gf) bf]rG8f gf]S;fgL . pNyf gf) [pN6f] P
efiffdf n]lvPsf] jf elgPsf] s'f jf n]v csf]{ efiffdf n]Vg] jf eGg] sfd cg'jfb . >
plNyg' c) lqm) pNyf x'g' cg"lbt x'g' . pNYofO gf) plNyg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . p
NYofOg' s) lqm) pNyf ulg' plNyg nfOg' . pNYofpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) pNyf ug'{ plNyg] k
g'{ . pNkmtpNkmf lj) [;+)] != grflxFbf] kmh'n cgfjZos . gf) @= grflxFbf] sfdsfafO{ .
= kmf]s6sf] j:t' . pNn\3g gf) [;+)] != gfg] jf km8\sg] lqmof . @= dof{bfsf] Tofu lgo
dsf] cjx]ngf . > pNn\3gLopNn\o lj) pNn\3g ug{ nfos . pNnl;t lj) [;+)] pNnf;do k|;Gg
nf; gf) [;+)] != cfgGb xif{ . @= k|sfz rds . #= u|Gysf] ljefu cWofo . $= Pp6fsf] u'0
f jf bf]if csf{df u'0f jf bf]if x'g hfg] Ps sfJofn\sf . > pNnf;s lj) pNnf; lbg] . p
Nnfl;t lj) pNnf; lbnfOPsf] pNnl;t kflPsf] . pNnf;L lj) pNnf;k"0f{ (JolQm O)) . plNng'
c) lqm) [pNn" O g'] != lhl:sg' lulhg' . @= pNn" aGg' d"v{ aGg' . plNnlvt lj) [;+)] != p
Nn]v ulPsf] k"jf]Q { m . @= n]lvPsf] vf]lkPsf] slkPsf] pTsL0f{ . #= lrq jf tl:a n]lvP
f] lrlqt c\lst . $= ;fg ulPsf] O\lut . pNnLlaNnL gf) [plNn (l))] != dd{ kg]{ jf k'
sl;dsf] 7f 3f]rk]rsf] lbNnuL 5gs xfg] ulPsf] Vofn7f . @= xfF;f]df p8fP lhNn kfg]{ Jo
. pNn' gf) [;+) pn"s] != nf6f]sf];]f] jf e'Nsf . lj) @= lga'{l4 d"v{, a]s'km . #= pG
7]pnf] abdf; l;NnL . pNn" gf) x]) pNn' . pNn]v gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f, ljrf cflb n]vsf
kdf Nofpg] jf n]Vg] lqmof . @= lnvt n]v . #= ljj0f j0f{g p40f rrf{ k|;\u . $= Pp6
nfO{ w]n } ] cg]s k|sfsf gftfn] jf w]}n] Pp6} gftfn] pNn]v u]df kg]{ Ps cyf{n\sf . >
Nn]vgLo lj) pNn]v ug{ of]Uo . pNnf]n gf) [;+)] != 5fn nx t\u . lj) @= r~rn cl:y n
x'g] . pNNofOF gf) [pNn' ofOF] != pNn"df x'g] u'0f pNn"kgf . @= xn'\uf] 7f l;NNofOF .
pNNofO gf) [ pNNofp (cfO)] plNng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] pNNofOg' s) lqm) pl
Nng] kflg' plNng nfpg' . pNNofpg' k|) ] lqm) [plNncfpg'] != plNng] kfg'{ plNng

151

pjfpx' pl;g\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pi0ffog] cgfh, kmn, df;' cflbnfO{ kfgL xfn] ksfpg' u' D
:ofpg' pdfNg' akmfpg' . > pl;gkl;g gf) x]) cl;gkl;g . pl;gkfl;g gf) != ksfpg], k:
sg] cflb efG;fsf] sfd . @= OR5f gx'Fbf gx'Fb} klg sann] ksfO{ k:sL vfg lbg] lqmof
. pl;gf lj) != pl;g]sf] akmfPsf] . gf) @= pl;g]sf] wfg jf To:tf] wfgsf] rfdn . pl
;gfO gf) pl;Gg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . pl;gfxfpl;g'jf lj)gf) pl;gf . pl;;lgl;; lqm)
lj) [;+) pR5\jf; lgMZjf;] != xfjf aGb x'Fbf jf Hofbf 3GrdGr x'Fbf udL{ eO{ ;f; km]
g{ c;lhnf] x'g] lsl;dn] jf lg;fl;g] uL ps';d's'; . @= gf) To;L c;lhnf] x'g] jf lg;f
l;g] l:ylt . p;} lqm) lj) [p;f] P]] != p;f] g}, To;} . @= ljgfsfdn] sfd geO{sg . #=
k};f jf df]n gltLsg} . p;f] lj) [p; cf]] pmh:tf] p:tf] . p:tfb gf) [c)] != ;\uLt, g[To
cflbsf] u'? . @= uj}of . lj) #= sfd ug{ l;kfn' lgk'0f kf]Vt . $= w"t{ . > p:tfbL gf
) p:tfbdf x]sf] u'0f jf bfloTj . p:t} lj) [p:tf] P]] p:tf] g}, pmh:t} To:t} . p:tf] lj
) [p h:tf]] != pmh:tf] To:tf] . lqm) lj) @= TolQsf] k|foM Tolt w] . pxfF ;j{) [pm xfF]
pmsf] ;Ddfg;"rs zAb dfGo hgnfO{ ;\s]t ubf{ elgg] zAb . lqm) lj) @= ToxfF To; 7fpFdf
fF . plxn] lqm) lj)[pm lxn]] w]} jif{klxn] k|frLg sfndf cl3 g} . > plxNo} lqm) lj) plx
] g} klxn] g} . pxLF cJo) [pxfF g}] != pxfF g} ToxfF g} . ;j{) @= pxfF g} . pxL ;j{) [
pm O{] pm g} ToxL . px' F lj) af]]) != c:jLsf jf lgif]w a'emfpg] zAb cxF . @= s'g} kL8
f, :jf, gSsn O) a'emfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . px' lj) af]) c;x kL8f jf b'Mv x'Fbf d'va
f6 lg:sg] zAb . (pbf) px', d]f] k]6 ;fx|} b'Vof] ) .

nufpg' . @= pNnLlaNnL kfg'{ d"v{ t'Nofpg' . > pNNofx6 gf) plNng] lqmof jf k|lqmof p
Nn"kgf . pjf gf) lxdfnlt x'g] Ps k|l;4 cGg . pzL gf) [;+)] hf] ;'ulGwt x'g] s'zsf hft
sf] 3fF; v;v;sf] af]6 . pif -M_ gf) [;+)] piff k|eft . sfn gf) laxfgLkvsf] ;do c?0ff
boeGbf klxn]sf] ;do . ~ kfiff0f gf) k|fu}ltxfl;s k'ftjljb\ a]Ghfldg x]l;gn] hDdf u]sf
kfiff0f pks0f . piff gf) [;+)] != c?0ff]bo x'g] a]nf lem;ld;] pHofnf] k|eft pifMsfn
. @= c?0ff]bosf] cfsfzsf] nfnL . #= jf0ff;'sL 5f]L . ~ sfn gf) ldld] laxfgL pifMsfn .
> piffZdo'u gf) cfheGbf ;ft sf]8 jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] o'u :tgkfoL k|f0fLsf] ;[li6 k
|fDe ePsf] o'u . pi6 gf) [;+)] pF6 . pi0f lj) [;+)] != w]} tftf] clt ud tKt . gf) @
{ 3fd . #= fk . $= u|Lid Ct' . ~ sl6aGw gf) e"uf]nsf ss{6 ds]vfxsf aLrdf kg]{ Hofb}
L{ x'g] efu . ~ k|bz ] gf) udL{ x'g] efu jf If]q udL{ d'ns ' . > pi0ff]T; gf) wftns
f l5b|af6 hf]8;Fu lg:sg] tftf] kfgLsf] kmf]xf]f . pid gf) [;+)] != udL{sf] ;do u|Li
d Ct' . @= udL{ tfk . #= ud ldhf; . $= ;sfsf] ;fydf pRrlt x'g] (z, if ; O)) . > pidh
gf) udL{sf] ;dodf jf udL{af6 k}bf x'g] sLf] . pidLejg gf) zAbsf cg'id Wjlgx pid Wjl
gdf kljt{g x'g] k|lqmof (h:tf] dflylt > dfl:t) . p;\\ lj) af]) != s'g} sfd ug{ lemFh
f] jf k6f nfUbf d'vaf6 lg:sg] cfjfh . @= csf{n] eg]sf s'fnfO{ dg gkfPsf] hgfpg] zAb
. p; ;j{) [k|f) cj}x > ef) O) cj:o] ljelQm nfUbf x'g] pmsf] lto{s\ k (h:t} p;n], p;n
O{ O)) . p; gf) [;+) pmif] != g'lgnf] df6f] ePsf] hldg . @= af]6la?jfx s]xL gpd|g] h
ldg afFemf] hUuf pmif . p;L lqm) lj) [p;f] uL] p;f] uL To;L .

pmpmx
152

pm
pm! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :jj0f{dWo] 5}6f}F :jj0f{ kDkfut
kdf cf]i7:yfgaf6 pRrf0f x'g], bL3{ :j dflgPsf] efifflj1fgcg';f kZr aGb;d]t dflgPsf]
bL3{ :j n]Vo kdf ;f] :jj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . pm@ ;j{) [;+) cb;\] != k|yd
k'?ifsf] Psjrg a'emfpg] zAb Tof] . @= 6f9fsf] j:t'nfO{ cf}FNofP jf tf]s] b]vfpFbf
elgg] zAb . pmFrgLr gf) [;+) pRr gLr] x]) prlgr . pmFrfO gf) [pmFrf] cfO] x]) prfO . p
mFrf] lj) [;+) pRr] x]) prf] . pmF6 gf) [;+) pi6] x]) pF6 . pmsf gf) [;+)] != pm cIf
= psfsf] bL3{ k ( " ) . pm h'gL gf) [p ;+) of]lg] != k"jh { Gd . @= d]kl5 km]l x'g] hG
. pm9 lj) [;+)] != laxf ePsf] ljjflxt . @= :jf:gL kfNg] cleeff af]s]sf] . > pm9f lj
) laxf ePsL ljjflxtf . pmb gf) x]) pb . pmg gf) x]) pg . > pmgL gf) x]) pgL . pm? gf)
[;+)] lt3|f . > pm?h lj) != hfF3af6 pTkGg ePsf] . gf) @= k/Dkl/t jf0ff{>dsf] wf/
0ffcg';f/ eujfg\sf] hfF3af6 hGd]sf] elgg] j}Zohflt . ~ :tDe gf) uf]8f slqmg] jf h
sl8g] Ps f]u jftf]usf] Ps e]b . pmh{ gf) [;+)] != cfTdan cfTdzlQm k|f0f lxDdt . >
jnpmh{:jL lj) != anjfg\ zlQmzfnL . @= k|f0fjfg\ . #= lxDdt ePsf] . pmhf{ gf) [;+)] !
= an zlQm . @= ef]hg . #= ;f; Zjf; . $= pT;fx . %= s'g} j:t'n] pTkGg ug{ ;Sg] ;Dk"
0f{ sfo{sf] of]ukmn . k|hgs gf) h]g6 ] . ~ ;\s6 gf) pmhf{sf] cefjdf x'g] b'Mv jf cf
lQ . pm0f{ gf) [;+)] != x]) pmg . gfe gf) dfs'f] . pmWj{ lj) [;+)] dflyNnf] dflysf]
ef] . s]z lj) 7f8f 7f8f skfn x'g] skfn lh\lu|\ k]sf] . ufdL lj) !=dfl:t hfg]
St lgjf{0fk|fKt . b]x gf) d]kl5 k|fKt x'g] zL k|]tzL . kftg gf) tn kbfy{nfO{
l:t x'ofpg] jf ofFSg] lqmof . k'08 gf) j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf cg'ofoLxn] nufpg] l6sf] 7f
6sf] . afx' gf) != Pp6f xft b]jtfsf gfpFdf dfly p7fOfVg] tk:jL . lj) @= dflylt xft
p7fPsf] . d'v lj) != dfl:t d'v kms]{sf] . gf) @= cfuf] . d"n lj) != dflylt hf x'g]
]bj[If) . gf) @= ;+;f hut\ . ~ ]vf gf) xft jf k}tfnfsf] aLrdf x'g] efUo;"rs 7f8f] v ]
f efUov ] f . ]tf lj) jLo{:vng geO{ pmWj{ufdL ePsf] (k"0f{ a|XdrfL) . nf]s gf) x
u{ . jfo' gf) 8sf . Zjf; gf) dg]{ a]nfdf j]u;Fu a9]sf] ;f; cflvL cj:yfsf] ;f; . pm
gf) [;+)] != gbL, ;d'b| cflbdf xfjf cflbn] Nofpg] 5fn nx t\u . @= b'Mv kL8f . > pmld{
lj) nx p7]sf] 5fn p7]sf] t\lut . pmif gf) [;+)] x]) pm; . pmiff gf) [;+)] x]) piff
gf) [;+)] != tftf]kgf udL{ pi0ftf . lj) @= ud tftf] pi0f (j:t' cflb) . ~ j0f{ gf) pRr
f ubf{ a9\tf Zjf; vr{ ug'{kg]{ z, if, ;, x oL rf j0f{ . pmidf gf) [;+)] != Hofb} u
dL{ x'g] ;do u|Lid Ct' udL{sf] ofd . @= tftf]kgf tfk udL{ . #= tftf] kfgLaf6 w'jfFsf
kdf lg:sg] hns0fsf] ;d"x afkm efk . pmidLejg gf) [;+)] s'g} Wjlg pmidWjlgdf kljlt{t
x'g] k|lqmof . pmidLe"t lj) [;+)] k[i7Wjlgdf 3if{0f pTkGg eP ;f; l5g{ kfpFbf pRrlt
x'g] (Jo~hg) 3[i6 ;\3ifL{ (Jo~hg) . pm; gf) x]) p;/ . pmx gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' jf l
ifosf ;DaGwdf ulg] ts{ ljrf . @= cg'dfg cGbfh . > pmxfkf]x gf) dgdf p7\g] cg]s k|sfsf
ts{ljts{ jf ;f]rljrf .

153
CCl4

C
b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] :jj0f{dWo] ;ftf}F :j/j0f{ kDkfut kdf d"4f{:yfgaf6 pRrf0f x'g,] x
:jj0f{ dflgPsf] g]kfnL efiffdf lsf kdf pRrf0f ul/g] j0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] :j/j0f{sf
wTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . Cs\ gf) [;+)] != kBdf n]lvPsf] j]bdGq Crf . @= rf j]bdWo] klxnf
] j]b CUj]b . Csf gf) [;+)] != C cIf . @= Jo~hgj0f{df C:j hf]8b \ f lbOg] lrXg ( [ )
CIf gf) [;+)] != gIfq tff . @= efn' . klt != rGb|df . @= fdsf] ;]gfkltsf kdf sfd ug
dfo0fk|l;4 efn' hfDajfg\ . CUj]b gf) [;+)] rf j]bdWo] klxnf] j]b j]bsf] kB;+lxtf . >
CUj]bL lj) != CUj]bsf] 1ftf . @= CUj]b kf7 ug]{ jf CUj]bsf] cg'ofoL . #= CUj]bsf
dGqxff ;+:sf ulg] (a|fXd0f) . Crf gf) [;+)] kBdf n]lvPsf] j}lbs dGq j]bsf] kB;+lxtf
8sf . Ch' lj) [;+)] != af\uf] jf 6]9f] gePsf] ;f]emf] ;n . @= 5n, k|k~r gePsf] ;Lwf;
;Hhg . #= cg's"n . tf gf) != Ch' x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;f]emf]kgf ;ntf ;fw'tf . @= ;f
hGo . #= ;n :jefj jf k|j[lQ . C0f gf) [;+)] kl5 lkmtf{ lbg]lng] ;t{df c;Fu lnOPsf]
jf cnfO{ lbOPsf] wg shf{ ;fk6 lg . stf{ lj) != C0f sf9\g] jf C0f lng] . gf) @= C0f
] dfG5] c;fdL . u|fxL lj) csf{af6 C0f lng] lgdf 8'a]sf] C0fL c;fdL . bftf lj) s;
0f lbg] shf{ lbg] ;fx" . ~ kq gf) != c;fdLn] C0f lnPsf] k|df0f:jk ;fx"nfO{ n]lvlbg]
sfut td;'s . @= fi6 Aof\sff lgwf{lt ;dodf ;fFjfAofh kmsf{pg] uL ;do;dodf hfL ul
x'g] ljleGg sdsf] kq . d'St lj) lnPsf] C0f ltl;s]sf] C0faf6 5'6sff kfPsf] cC0fL .
'lStdf]rg gf) C0faf6 d'St x'g] sfd C0f ltl;s]sf] cj:yf lgaf6 5'6sff . ;Ldf gf) ls
C0f lbFbf nfut pTkfbgsf cfwfdf ;'xfpFbf] uL tf]lsPsf] C0fsf] cjlw lg kmsf{pg] efsf
jf Dofb . C0ffTds lj) [;+)] C0fsf kdf lnOPsf] C0fk . ljk) wgfTds . ~ s0f gf) wgljB'Ts
f (k|f6 ] f]g) sf jlkl 3'ldxg] C0fljB't\ zlQmsf] ;"Id s0f . C0fL lj) [;+)] != kl5 lkm
tf{ ug]{ uL s;}af6 ;fk6 lng]
C

C0f lng] (JolQm) . @= cfk"mnfO{ u]sf] pksfnfO{ ;Demg] s[t1 cg'u[xLt cfefL . ~ kIf gf
= C0f lng]sf] kIf c;fdLsf] tkmbfL . @= C0fLsf] hdft jf 8kmf . Ct lj) [;+)] != ;To ;fF
f] . @= plrt 7Ls . #= k"hf ulPsf] ;Ddfg ulPsf] . $= rf}lt k|sfz 5g]{ rlDsnf] rxlsnf
f) %= d'lQm df]If . ^= ;[li6sf] cflb tj jf sf0f . &= O{ZjLo lgod . CtDef gf) [;+)] !=
;Tosf] wf0ffnfO{ an lbg] jf k'i6 kfg]{ lrQj[lQ . @= ;w}F Ps; jf Psgf; xg] ;fljs j[lQ
jf a'l4 . Ctj|t lj) [;+)] != ;fFrf] af]Ng] ;TojfbL . gf) @= ;fFrf] af]Ng] j|t . C
t' gf) [;+)] != k|frLg sfndf j}lbs s[To ug{nfO{ pko'St z'e dflgPsf] ;do . @= k|fs
[lts cj:yfg';f jif{elsf] b'O { b'O{ dlxgfsf bn] km]lg] jftfjl0fs l:ylt jf To;cg' ;f
;doljefhg (u|Lid, jiff{, zb\, x]dGt, lzlz j;Gt) . #= :qLx ue{wf0f ug{ of]Uo x'g] h
z{gkl5sf] ;do cfOdfO{ h:jnf ePsf] ;do . $= cfOdfO{sf] dfl;s hM;|fjsf rf lbg . %= cfO
dfO{sf] k ;g]{ jf g5'g] x'g] lqmof jf l:ylt . ^= s'g} af]6la?jf cflbsf] kmNg]k'mNg
], pko'Qm tyf lglZrt ;do . ~ ckIfo gf) 3fd, jiff{, jfo' cflb df};dL tjff wftn lvOg] l
qmof . u|x gf) o1df ;f]d; xjg ug]{ kfq . rof{ gf) != Ct'cg';fsf] b}lgs sfo{qmd tyf
fr0f . @= Ct'cg' ;fsf] vfglkg Ct'cg';fsf] cfxfljxf . bfg gf) ;Gtfgsf OR5fn] Ct'sf
'dtL :qLsf ;fy ulg] ;Def]u uef{wfg . dtL lj) h:jnf ePsL k ;]sL g5'g] ePsL klG5Ps
qL) . fh gf) j;Gt Ct' . ljko{o gf) s'g} Ct'df b]vf kg]{ Ot Ct';DaGwL u'0f jf kll:y
. ;lGw gf) Pp6f Ct' ;lsP csf]{ Ct' ;'? x'g] ;do b'O{ Ct'sf aLrsf] ;do b'O{ Ct'sf] dW
osfn . :gfg gf) h:jnf ePsL :qLn] rf}yf] lbgdf ug]{ :gfg . ClTjh\ gf) [;+)] != o1df
bLlIft ePsf] a|fXd0f ohdfgsf 3df o1ofuflb ufpg] xf]tf, pb\uftf, cWjo'{ a|Xdf . @= k|l
tlbg 7Ls ;dodf sfd ug]{ JolSt . C4 lj) [;+)] != ;d[4 ;DkGg . Cl4 gf) [;+)] != wgwfG
o cflbsf] k|r'tf jf clwstf al9a9fp ;d[l4 ;DkGgtf . @= p2]Zosf] ;kmntf ;fkmNo l;l4 . #
cnf}lss zlSt . $= u0f]zsf b'O{ ;]ljsfdWo]

CifeCio Ps . %= nIdL . ^= kfj{tL . l;l4 gf) != wg;DklQ jf P]Zjo{sf] j[l4 OlR5t sfo
{df ;kmntf ;d[l4 ;kmntf . @= u0f]zsf b'O{ ;]ljsf (Cl4 l;l4) . Cife gf) [;+)] != wf
ld{s p2]Zon] 8fd] 5f]l8Psf] ax ;fF9] aon . @= ;\uLtsf ;ft :jdWo] bf];|f] (]) . #= >]
Qd . b]j gf) != k'f0fcg';f fhf gflesf k'q lji0f'sf rf}aL; cjtfdWo] Ps . @= h}g wd{
cflbtLy{\s . > CifeL gf) != k'?ifsf] h:tf] bfx|Lh'Fuf knfPsL :qL dbf{gL cfOdfO{ . @=
ufO{ . Clif gf) [;+)] != ;fljs ;fwgft hLjg JotLt ug]{ tyf hLjg hut\sf cfWoflTds ef
lts tjxnfO{ ;fIffTsf ug]{ JolQm . @= j}lbs dGqsf k|yd b|i6f dflgPsf JolQm j}lbs ;flx
Tosf] rgf Jojl:yt kdf ;\sng ug]{ JolQm d'lg tk:jL . ~ C0f gf) Clifxaf6 k|fKt cfWof
ef}lts cflb 1fgsf abnfdf a|fXd0f, Iflqo,
154

j}Zoxn] Clifxsf k|lt ug'{kg]{ st{Jo, j]bsf] cWoog cWofkg, bfg, o1 cflb . sNk lj) Cli
fxdf x'g] u'0f ePsf] 1fg, cfr0f Jojxfn] Clifh:tf] Clif;dfg Clift'No . ~ s'n gf) !=
xsf] j+z . @= k|frLg ;dodf Clifx a:g] cf>d . #= ljBfyL{xnfO{ j]b j]bf\uflb k9fpg] cf>
d u'?s'n . tk{0fL gf) uf]q, k|j cflbsf k|jt{s ClifxnfO{ ;Dem] tk{0f ulg] k"l0f{df
z'Sn k"l0f{df hg}kl" 0f{df . ~ k~rdL gf) zLz'l4sf lglDt k ;g{ yfn]sf ljjflxt :qLx
lif{sf] k"hf ulg] lbg efb| z'Sn k~rdL . Cli6 gf) [;+)] != b'jl} t wf ePsf] taf . @=
xltof . Cio gf) [;+)] Ps k|sfsf] h\unL ufO{ gLn ufO{ . d"s gf) fdfo0fsf syfcg';f
;'u|Lj a:g], blIf0f eftsf] Ps kj{t . z[u \ gf) ljef08s gfpFsf Clifsf k'q Ps k|l;4
kf}fl0fs Clif .

155
PPsh'jf

P
P! ;+:s[t j0f{dfnfsf] P3ff}F tyf b]jgfu/L j0f{dfnfsf
vf; k|rlnt :j/j0f{dWo] cf7f}F :j/j0f{ k/Dk/fut kdf s07tfn':yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g] :j/j
0f{ dflgPsf] / efifflj1fgcg';f/ cu|, cfwfaGb, cuf]lnt :j/j0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] :j/j0f{
sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . P@ lj) af]) [;+)] != PsfPs ;Demgf, hf];, l;, lt:sf, c
fZro{ cflb hgfpFbf k|of]u x'g] zAb . (pbf) P, d}n] eg]sf] lyPF . P, xf] eGof ) . @
= s;}nfO{ af]nfpFbf jf 8fSbf gfdsf cufl8 jf PSn} k|of]u ulg] zAb (P fd cfh olt sfd
u x} < P otf cfOh .) . Pp6f lj) [Ps
j6f] s'g} j:t' jf s'fsf] Ps ;\VofnfO{ a'emfpg]
sj6f Ps dfq of}6f . Ps gf) [;+)] != k"0f{ flzdf ;\Vofqmdsf lx;fan] klxnf] ;\Vof !s
lj) @= Pp6f of}6f . #= ceGbf >]i7 ;j{>i ] 7 cltLo d'Vo k|dv ' . $= zlQm, u'0f cflbs
[li6n] p:t} t'No ;b[z . (pbf) xfd|f nflu b'j} l5d]sL Ps x'g\ .) . ~ s07 lj) b'O{ jf
tLg hgf ldnL sljtf, j]b cflb k9\bf uLt ufpFbf Pp6} :j x'g] jf cfpg] . ~ sfw ] gf) x
n uf]?dWo] Pp6f lgwf]{ eO{ xn gldNg] ePdf alnof uf]?nfO{ a9L ef kg]{ uL xNn'F8f] ;
fL hf]Tg] sfd . sflnssfnLg lj) != s'g} Pp6f ;dodf dfq x'g] Ps rf]l6 dfq x'g] Ps k6ss
] Ps k6s] . @= Pp6} ;dodf ePsf] ;fy;fy} ePsf] Pp6} sfnsf] ;dsfnLg . ~ s'08n gf) != P
p6f sfgdf dfq s'08n nufpg] JolQm . @= z]ifgfu . #= anfd . $= s'a] . ~ sf]ifLo lj) P
s sf]if ePsf] lqv08fDe o'usf] (hLj jf k|f0fL) . ~ v'] lj) != Pp6f dfq v'f] x'g] jf Ps
v'fn] 6]s ] lxF8g \ ] Pp6f v'f] dfq ;2] ePsf] . gf) @= Pp6f v'f] b]lvg] jf To:t} cfs
fsf] P :j j0f{sf] g]kfnL gfd . #= Pp6f v'fn] dfq 6]s] ] lj) Pp6f dfq v' ePsf] v' p
v]lng] v]n . ~ v' gkmf6]sf] (uwf, 66\6" cflb) . ~ u]8] lj) != Pp6f dfq u]8f ePsf]
. gf) @= Pp6f dfq u]8f x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] dfnf . ~ rqm lj) != Pp6} dfq rqm jf kf
\uf
| ] ePsf] (y, aUuL cflb) . @= Pp6} fhfff zf;g ulPsf] (b]z, k|b]z cflb) . #= rqmjtL{ .
gf) $= ;"o{ . %= ;"o{sf] y . Psrfln; gf) [k|f) PSsrfnL;] != rfnL; Pssf] of]uaf6 a
g]sf] jf aGg] ;
\Vof $!sf] c\s . lj) @= rfnL; Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] uGtLsf qmddf rfnL;
l5 cfpg] . > Psrfln;f} F lj) uGb} hfFbf PsrfnL; ;\Vofdf k]sf] rfnL;eGbf nuQ} kl5sf] P
srfnL; ;\Vofsf] . PsrfnL; gf) x]) Psrfln; . > PsrfnL;f} F lj) x]) Psrfln;f}F . Ps l
rQ lqm) lj) [;+)] != dg jf lrQnfO{ cGt g8'nfO{sg Pp6} s'fdf dfq s]lGb|t u] Pp6} s'fdf
dfq dg nufP Psfu| eP Psf]xf]f] dgn] . lj) @= Pp6f s'fdf dfq Wofg lbPsf] Psfu| . Ps r
] lj) [Ps r'N7] ] != Pp6} dfq r'N7f] kfL afl6Psf] Pp6f r'N7f] ePsf] . gf) @= Ps r'N7f
] kfL afl6Psf] skfn . Ps rf]l6 lqm)lj) Psk6s Psemd6 PskN6 . Ps5Q lj) [;+) Ps k|f) 5Q]
7"nf];fgf], fd|f]gfd|f] h"7f]rf]vf]sf] s'g} e]befj gePsf] ;a} p:t} ePsf] Psgf; ;dfg
Ps5q lj) [;+)] != Pp6} JolQmsf] k|e'tf jf clwsfleq x]sf] Ps} hgfsf] zf;gflwsfleq x]s
] Pp6} zf;sff zfl;t (fHo cflb) . gf) @= PstGq . Ps 5fs gf) [Ps 5fs] != Ps lbgdf s'g} k
g ;do PskN6 dfq vfgf vfg] sfd To;L vfOg] vfgf . @= Ps5fsL xljio ef]hg . > Ps5fsLPs5f
s] gf) != j|t cflbsf nflu jf :jf:Yosf b[li6n] Ps 5fs dfq vfg] lbg >f4sf] cl3Nnf] l
bg . lj) @= lbgedf Ps5fs dfq vfg] . Ps 5fk] lj) [Ps 5fk] ] g]kfndf f0ffzf;gsf] ;dodf
d'lVtofsf] dfq 5fk nfu]sf] sfut Pp6} dfq 5fk nfu]sf] sfut . PshfO gf) [Ps hfOF] Pp6}sf
] dfq clwsf Psnf}6L ePsf] cj:yf Ps5q . Ps hft lqm) lj) [Ps hft] != clnslt klg slQ klg
]} klg . lj) @= Pp6} cfdfafa'af6 hGd]sf] Pp6} zfvfsf] ;xf]b -bfh', efO afGwj cflb_ .
gf) #= Pp6} hft cleGg hft p:t} hflt ;dfg hflt . Ps hflt lj) [;+)] != Pp6} hftsf] p:t}
hftsf] . @= Pp6} j+zdf hGd]sf] Pp6} j+zsf] . gf) #= Pp6} hflt Ps} hft > Ps hftLo l
j) Pp6} hfltdf hGd]sf] Pp6} ju{ jf ;d'bfosf] Pp6} hftsf] . Ps lhp lj) [;+) PshLj] c
nucnu eP klg Pp6} hLpsf h:tf Pp6} Hofgh:tf ;fx} ldn]sf . Ps h'jf gf) [Ps h'jf] != 3fd
e'mlNsP Ps8]9 306f

Ps emKsf]Ps kIfLo hlt lbg r9]sf] laxfgsf] ;do jf 3fd c:tfpg Ps8]9 306f afFsL ePsf
] a]n'sfsf] ;donfO{ a'emfpg] zAb . lj) @= cGbfhL Psh'jf afa gfksf] (3fd) . Ps emKs
f] gf) [Ps emKsf] ] !=PskN6 emkSs nfUg] lgb|f . @= PskN6 emkSs lgbfPkl5sf] lapFemfO
. Ps emd6 lqm) lj) [Ps emd6] != Psrf]l6 Psk6s PskN6 . gf) @= tTsfn cfpg] Pp6f j]u jf
emf]Ssf . #= tfs PskN6sf] lgofnfO . Ps 6s lqm) lj) [Ps 6s] cfFvf glrDnLsg x]]sf] x]o}
Psgf;l;t lgofn] . Psf lj) [k|f) PSs7\7f]] Ps 7fpFdf hDdf ePsf] Psq (e]nf) . Ps8 gf) [
c\) Ps] rfxhf cf7;o rfnL; ju{uh e"ldsf] gfk . PstGq gf) [;+)] != fHo;~rfngsf] ;a} clw
f Pp6} JolQmsf xftdf ePsf] zf;gJoj:yf b]zsf] ;fj{ef}ldstf Pp6} JolQmdf lglxt zf;gJ
oj:yf . lj) @= Pp6} JolQmsf] dfq clwsf ePsf] Pp6f JolQmeGbf c s;}sf] xsef]u gePsf] P
s5q . jfb gf) Pp6} JolQmsf] zf;gflwsfdf ljZjf; ug]{ fhgLlts l;4fGt PstGqdf ljZjf; ug
]{ dt jf jfb . jfbL lj) PstGqjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ PstGqjfbsf] cg'ofoL . > PstGqL lj) fH
osf] zf;g Joj:yfdf Pp6} JolQmsf] dfq clwsf ePsf] (zf;g) . Pstdf; gf) [Ps tdf;] != ceG
bf leGg x'gfsf] cj:yf jf efj cgf}7f]kg ljnIf0ftf . @= Pp6} dfq ljrfdf tNnLg xg] afgL
Psf]xf]f]kg Ps;']kg . sf] lj) != ceGbf leGg lsl;dsf] cgf}7f] lsl;dsf] ljnIf0f . @
f]f] Ps;'] . PstkmL{ lj) [Ps tkm{ O{] Pp6f kIfl;t dfq ;DaGw ePsf] Ps kIfaf] dfq ;f]lr
stkm{sf] PskIfsf] Psnf}6L . ~ km};nf gf) cbfntdf k]sf] s'g} d'2fdf Ps kIf xflh geO{ e
Psf] km};nf . Pstf gf) [;+)] != Ps x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= ljrf, p2]Zo cflbdf ;a
} k:k ldn] a:g] sfd P]So . #= ;dfgtf afaL . Pstfg lj) [;+)] != Pp6} ljrfdf dfq nfu
} Pp6f s'fdf tNnLg PslrQ ePsf] Ps;'] tGdo . @= aLrdf qmd g6'6]sf] cIf'00f . Pstf] gf
Ps tf P] != cfwf kflPsf] t'DafnfO{ 5fnfn] df]xf]L aLrdf afF; cflbsf] n7\7L 3';fL, Pp6f
fq tf h8]sf], gSvLn] ahfOg] Ps k|l;4 afhf . lj) @= Pp6f dfq tffsf] lrXg ePsf] (emG
8f cflb) . Pstf} lqm) lj) [Ps tf P]] Psgf;;Fu lgGt
156

nuftf . Ps tfnL lqm) lj) [Ps tfnL ] Ps kfln Ps kN6 . Pslt; gf) [k|f) PSstL;] != tL; P
sf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;+\of #! sf] c\s . lj) @= tL; Pssf] of]uaf6 jg]sf] . > Pslt;f} F
j) != uGb} hfFbf PstL; ;\Vofdf k]sf] PstL; ;\Vofsf] . PstL; gf) x]) Pslt; . > PstL;f}
F lj) x]) Pslt;f}F . Psq lqm) lj) [;+)] != Ps} :yfgdf hDdf eP Ps} 7fpFdf Ps ;d"xdf .
> Pslqt lj) Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf ulPsf] ;d]l6Psf] Psq kflPsf] . PsTj gf) [;+) ] Ps x'gfsf
cj:yf jf efj Pstf . Psb+i6 gf) [;+)] != u0f]z . lj) @= Pp6f dfq bfxf ePsf] Psbfx] .
sbGt lj) [;+)] Pp6} dfq bfFt ePsf] (xfQL cflb) . gf) @= u0f]z . > PsbGtfPsbGt] lj)
Pp6f dfq bGt jf bfFt ePsf] (xfQL) . Psbd lqm) lj) [;+) Ps kmf) bd] != PsfPs cs:dft\
. @= tTsfn em t'?Gt . lj) #= kof{Kt y'k|} w]} Hofb} . Ps bn gf) [;+)] != s'g} p2]Zo
nUg dflg;xsf] Pp6f u'6 jf ;d"x Pp6f kf6L{ . @= Ps lbpn . #= tsfL, ;fukft cflbsf] c\s'
knfpg'cl3sf] ;d"x jf aLh . > Ps bnLo lj) Pp6} dfq bn ePsf] (Joj:yf zf;g k4lt O)) .
@= Ps lbpn jf kmUNofF6f] ePsf] . #= Psbn aLp flvPsf] . Psb]zLPsb]zLo lj) [;+)] !=
s'g} Pp6f b]z, 7fpF jf v08l;t dfq ;DaGw fVg] s'g} Ps b]z jf 7fpFdf dfq x'g] . @= s
'g} vf; cj; jf 7fpFdf dfq nfu" x'g] hxfFtxLF k|of]u gx'g] . #= s'g} Ps b]zsf] jf T
o; b]z;Fu ;DalGwt . Ps wdL{ lj) [;+)] != Ps wd{ dfGg] Pp6} wd{sf] cg'ofoL . @= k:kdf
;dfg u'0f jf :jefj ePsf] p:t} . Psgf; lj) [;+) Ps c) gSz] != k:k Pp6} lsl;dsf] ;dfg
] p:t} b]lvg] . @= k:k 36La9L gePsf] afasf] . lqm) lj) #= gf]lsO{sg p:t} u] nuft
lj) [;+)] != Pp6} s'fdf dfq >4f, ljZjf; jf lgi7f gePsf] . @= Pp6} ljifo jf s'fdf d
fq dg lbg] Psfu| lrQ eP Pp6} sfds'fdf nfluxg] . PsGgL gf) [Ps cfgf O{] != rf k};fafa
sf] l;Ssf rfk};] d'b|f Pscfg] l;Ssf . @= rf k};f jf Ps cfgfsf] eftLo d'b|f . Ps kIfLo
lj) [;+)] != Pp6} kIf jf bnl;t dfq ;DaGw fVg] Pp6} kIfsf] . @= Pstkm{af6 dfq x'g,]
ulg] jf Ps tkm{nfO{ dfq kmfObf x'g] PstkmL{ .

157

Ps kTgLPsj:qf dfq hdfPsf] Ps ftsf] (bxL O)) . Psfgfdf gf) [c)] x]) sfgfdf . Psk l
!= Pp6} k ePsf] ;dfg ksf] Pp6} cfs[ltsf] x]bf{ p:t} b]lvg] . @= ;w}F Psgf; xg] . tf
Psk x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cg'ktf ;dfgtf ;fb[Zo . Psn lj) [;+)] != PsfsL PSnf] (JolQm
ljf O)) . gf) @= Go"gtd c+z . sf6 ] lj) c;Fu gldNg] :jefjsf] Psf]xf]f] Ps 98\8Lsf
v gf) [ Psnv ] b] j gfuL lnlkdf csffGt Johgj0f{sf] dfly nfUg] Psfsf] lrXg jf dfqf Psf
]) . Psnu gf) [Psnu] != hLjg wfGgsf nflu Ps JolQmn] lbgedf ug]{ s'g} sfd Pp6fsf] lb
gelsf] d]nf] . lj) @= Psfu| tNnLg . Psnf; gf) [Psncf;] != sf]xL gePsf] ;'g;fg 7fpF df
G5] xQkQ gk'Ug] 7fpF PsfGt :yfg lgh{g :yn . lj) @= PsfGt ;'g;fg lg5\fd . Psn] lj) [Ps
] PsfsL Psnf] . ~ uLt gf) :qL jf k'?ifn] hf]8Lljgf PSn} ufpg] uLt . ~ gfr gf) hf]8
f jf hf]8Lljgf gflrg] gfr PSn} gflrg] gfr . ~ afb gf) != aufnaf6 5'lO{ PSn} lxF8\g] a
fFb . @= ;fyLefOxl;t a;p7 gug]{ PSn} lxF8\g] :jefjsf] dflg; PsnsfF6] . ~ la gf) b'O{
]lv kfFr ld6 cUnf], nfDrf], bfFtL k]sf xlof kft x'g] u'nfkmL jf sn]hL
sf k"mn k'mNg],
kft k"mn ljiffn' dflgg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . Psn} lqm) lj) [PsnP]] Ps hgf dfq Psnf] df
q cfk"m dfq . bf]sn} lqm) lj) Psb'O{ hgf dfq a9Ldf b'O{ hgf;Dd . Psnf] lj) [Psncf]]
xfgkljf sf]xL gePsf] ;fyLefO{ gePsf] cfk"m dfq} ePsf] Psn . @= lax] gu]sf] hf]8f ge
7\uf] . > Psnf}6L lj) != c+z jf c wgdfndf cfk"m PSn} dfq ef]urng ug{ kfOg] csf] efu j
f c+z gnfUg] . @= s;}nfO{ afF8\g gkg]{ cfg} dfq . #= Psflwsfsf] . Ps jrg gf) [;+)] !
= PskN6 dfq af]lnPsf] jrg Ps zAb Ps af]nL . @= Jofs0fdf uGtLdf Pp6f j:t' jf JolQmnf
O{ dfq a'emfpg] zAb jf kb . > Ps jrgfGt lj) Psjrgsf] ljelQm jf kk|Too nfu]sf] . Ps
j0f{ lj) [;+)] != Pp6} j0f{ jf hftsf] . @= Pp6} ePsf] c gldl;Psf] . #= Pp6} cg'xf
Psj:qf lj) [;+)] Pp6f dfq j:q nfPsL jf k ;]sL (h:jnf x'Fbf Pp6} dfq j:q klxg] ljwfgc
g';f .) .

Ps kTgL gf) [;+)] != kltj|tf :qL . @= ljjflxtf :qL . ~ j|t gf) != Pp6} :qLl;t afx]
s csf]l { ;t ljjfx jf k|d ] ;DaGw gfVg] j|t jf l;4fGt . lj) @= To;L Pp6L kTgL;Fu d
fq k|d ] ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ (k'?if) . PskbL lj) [;+)] Pp6f dfq kb jf r0f ePsf] (5Gb
jf kB .) . Pskf7L lj) [;+)] s'g} s'fnfO{ Ps k6s k9\bf jf kf7 ubf{ s07:y x'g] Ps>'t
(JolQm) . Pskfg] lj) [Ps kfgL P] != Ps 7fpFsf] dfq kfgL vfPsf] . @= b]zkb]z g8'ns ] f]
. #= PskN6sf] kfgLdf dfq ksfOPsf] PskN6 xfn]sf] kfgLdf ksfP tof kflPsf] (S;L cflb) .
PseSt lj) [;+)] != lbgdf Ps}rf]l6 dfq ef]hg ug]{ Ps5fsL . @= Ps5fs dfq vfg] (lbg)
. { != ljleGg JolQm PseGbf csf] { lqm) lj) [Ps eGbf csf]] jf j:t'df PseGbf csf]{ a9L
csf]{eGbf emg\ csf]{ a9L x'g] uL x]ssf] dxj x'g] uL . lj) @= PseGbf a9L csf]{ csf
Gbf emg\ a9L csf]{ (Ps;] Ps) . Pseflifs lj) [;+)] Pp6f efiff dfq hfGg] -JolQm_ .
Ps dt lj) [;+)] ;a}sf] Pp6} fo jf dt ePsf] pkl:yt ;a}sf] ljrf ldn]sf] . Psdgf lj) [;+
)] != Pp6} ljrf, dt jf l;4fGtdf l:y ePsf] Pp6} jfbsf] . @= PslrQ . Ps dfg] lj) [Ps dfg
]] != Ps dfgf dfq kfSg] jf c6fpg] (efF8f]) . @= vfgnfO{ ;Dd b'Mv gePsf] Ps dfgf v
fg k'Ug] . #= ;fgf] 3fgsf] . Psd'v lj) [;+)] ;a} Pp6} nIodf k|jQ [ x'g] jf ;a}n] P
p6} s'f af]Ng] ;a}af6 Pp6} l;4fGt jf ljrf k|s6 ulPsf] . @= Pp6} d'v ePsf] . > Psd'vLP
sd'v] lj) Pp6} dfq d'v ePsf] (r'nf], ?b|fIf O)) . Psd':6 lqm) lj) [;+) Psd'li7] Ps
} k6s Ps} kN6 8Ss . Psd]nf] gf) [Ps d]nf]] vghf]t cflb ubf{ Ps hgfn] lbgeldf ul;Sg] sf
Ps hgfsf] d]nf] Psnu . Ps \u lj) [;+)] != leqaflx Pp6} h:tf] ePsf] Pp6} \usf] . @=
gePsf] lgZ5n lgisk6 . #= Pp6} lsl;dsf] p:t} afa ;dfg . > Ps\ufPs\uL lj) Pp6f
f a9L \u gePsf] w]} \u gldl;Psf] (;fL jf cGo sk8f) . Ps ; lj) [;+)] != Pp6} dfq ;
efjsf] ;dfg efjsf] . @= Ps} lsl;dsf] p:t} eP ldn]sf] . Ps fhtGq gf) [;+)] fhfn] dGqL
efbf jf ;Nnfx sfxsf] ;xfotf lnO{ cfg} fHosf] zf;gJoj:yf rnfpg] Ps k|frLg k|0ffnL .
] lj) [Ps ft]] ] Ps ft dfq lat]sf] cl3Nnf] lbg

Psjf/Psf3 Psjf lqm) lj) [Ps jfl] 5]p5]p tL}tL lsgff nfu] lsgf}lsgf . Psj]0fL
(:qL) . @= klt kb]z hfgfn] z[\uf Tofu] a;]sL :qL ljof]lugL jf ljlx0fL :qL . Ps>'t lj
;+)] x]) Pskf7L . Ps;L gf) [k|f) PSs;6\7L] != ;f7L Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof ^!sf]
s . lj) @= ;f7L / Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] . > Ps;lcf} F Ps;lof} F lj) uGb} hfFbf Ps;6\7
L ;\Vofdf kg]{ ;f7L Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] Ps;6\7L ;\Vofsf] . Ps;bgfTds lj) [;+)] Pp6f
dfq ;bg ePsf] (Joj:yflksf jf ljwflogL ;ef) . Ps;lg' c) lqm) [Ps;f] O g'] != l9sLdf s'6s
] f] wfg s]xL afFsL xL cfwfeGbf a];L rfdn x'g' cfwfcfwLeGbf a9L s'l6g' . @= s'g} s
fd cfwfcfwLeGbf a];L jf Psf]xf]f] kdf ulg' . Ps;f] lj) [;+) Ps:t] != leqL gePsf] jf l
qL gxflnPsf] bf]aL gePsf] bf]aL gkflPsf] Ps tx dfq ePsf] Ps txsf] (n'uf) . @= Ps hgf
dfq Jojxf rNg] (dfn;fdfg) s'g} dfn;fdfg gbf]xf]ofO{sg Ps Psj6f dfq hf]l8Psf] . Ps;o
fO gf) [ Ps;l(cfO)] Ps;lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > Ps;ofOg' qm) lqm) Ps;lg] kflg' . P
) lqm) Ps;lg] kfg{' Ps;f] t'Nofpg' . Ps;"qLs0f gf) [;+)] != leGgleGg j:t'nfO{ Pp6} :t
Nofpg] jf k:k ;Da4 agfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . @= 5lPsf j:t'nfO{ Pp6} ;"qdf pGg] sfd .
Ps:j gf) [;+)] != s;}n] lgdf{0f , rgf jf pTkfbg u]sf] j:t' jf rgf cflbaf6 x'g] cfod
fly lgh}sf] Psflwsf x'g] uL lbOPsf] ;sfL d'bf | \lst k|nv ] . @= s;}n] lgdf{0f u]sf],
gf u]sf] jf pTkfbg u]sf] j:t'af6 To;f] ug]{ JolQmnfO{ Psflwsfsf] kdf k|fKt x'g] cfo
. kq gf) s'g} JolQmnfO{ s'g} sfds'f ug]{ Psflwsf k|bfg ulPsf] lnlvt kq Psflwsfkq .
f) [Ps xL] s'g} pB]fu, Jofkf jf 7]Ssf cflbsf] sfd Pp6} JolQmaf6 ug]{ uL ldnfOPsf] aGb
f]a:t . PsxQ gf) [k|f) PsxQL] != ;QL Pssf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof &!sf] c\s . lj) @=
of]un] aGg] jf ag]sf] . > PsxQf} F lj) uGb} hfFbf PsxQ ;\Vofdf kg]{ PsxQ ;\Vofsf] .
xft] lj) [Ps xft]] != Ps JolQmn] dfq v'jfpg]lkofpg] u]sf] Pp6} JolQml;t dfq lQPsf] . @
Pp6f JolQmnfO{ dfq b"w b'x'g lbg] (ufO{, e}F;L cflb) . #= Ps xft gfkf]
158

ePsf] . $= Pp6f dfq xft ePsf] . PsfO gf) [Ps cfO] != ;\Vof jf uGtLdf Ps x'gfsf] efj
jf cj:yf . @= s'g} flznfO{ ;fgf;fgf c+zdf afF8b \ f ag]sf] jf ;d" x leq x] s f] Pp
6f ;fgf] t k" 0 f{ v08 . ~ kLIff gf) lgwf{lt ljifodWo] ;Dk"0f{ ljifosf] jf s'g} ljif
osf ;Dk"0f{ c+zsf] kLIff geP s]xL c+z jf PsfOsf] dfq kLIff . ~ of]hgf gf) s'g} vf; k
f7f+zsf PsfOsf] lzIf0fp2]Zo lglZrt uL l;sfOg] lzIf0fk|lqmof lzIf0f ;fdu|L d"Nof\sgk
mof;d]t a'emfOPsf] lzIf0fof]hgf . PsfpG6 gf) [c\)] ;sfL jf u};sfL s'g} sfof{nosf] c
DaGwL lx;fa n]vf . > PsfpG6]G6 gf) ;sfL jf u};sfL s'g} sfof{no jf s'g} ;\3;+:yf cfl
foJoo;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolQm n]vfkfn . PsfpGg gf) [k|f) PsfjGg] != krf; Pssf] of]uaf
6 ag]sf] ;\Vof %!sf] c\s . lj) @= krf; Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] krf; Pssf of]usf] . >
pGgf} F lj) uGb} n}hfFbf PsfpGg ;\Vofdf k]sf] PsfpGg ;\Vofsf] . PsfPs lqm) lj) [kmf)
sfos] s'g} sfds'f jf s'g} 36gf yfx} gkfO{ x'g] jf 36\g] uL ;f]rljrfljgf PSsfl; ckem{
:dft\ crfgs . Psfsf lj) [;+)] != Pp6} ksf] Pp6} cfsfsf] x]bf{ p:t} b]lvg] Pp6} lsl;
sk . @= csf]{ j:t';u F ldl;P jf csf]{ j:t'df ldn] ag]sf] PsfTd . PsfsL lj) [;+)] != P
Snf] cs]nf] . @= PSnf] ultljlw dg kfpg] PsnsfF6] . PsfIf lj) [;+)] != Pp6f dfq cIf eP
f] PsfIfL . gf) @= Ps cIf dfq ePsf] dGq PsfIfL dGq . kljf gf) jfSosf k|To]s zAb P
x'g,] jfSodf zAb hxfF cfP klg To;sf] kdf kljt{g gx'g] eflifs kljf (ltAatL, lrlgofF,
ad]{nL cflb) . > PsfIfL lj) != Pp6f cIf dfq ePsf] (dGq sf]z cflb ) . @= Ps cIfaf6 df
q ag]sf] (zAb) . Psfu| lj) [;+)] != dg jf lrQnfO{ cGt g8'nfO{ Pp6} s'fdf dfq s]lGb
|t u]sf] Pp6} s'fdf dfq dg nufPsf] l:y dg ePsf] PslrQ . lqm) lj) @= dgnfO{ Pp6} s'fd
fq s]lGb|t u] Pp6} s'fdf dfq Wofg lbP PslrQ eP . ~ lrQ lj) dg jf lrQnfO{ Pp6} s'fd
]lGb|t ug]{ Pp6} s'f jf ljrfdf dfq dg lbg] PslrQ . tf gf) Pp6} s'fdf dfq dgnfO{ s]l
t ug]{ k|j[lQ Psfu| x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . Psf3 gf) [Ps 3] != leGg gePsf] kljf c+zaG
{ t]f]d]f] gePsf] kljf dfg' g5'lPsf] kljf ;uf]ndf a;]sf] kljf . @= ;uf]ndf a;]s

159

Psf\sLPsf Psflwklt gf) [;+)] s'g} sfds'f], b]z cflbdf k"0f{ cflwkTo ePsf] JolQm Ps5q
f;g rnfpg] JolQm . > PsflwkTo gf) != s'g} sfd, j:t' jf b]zdf s'g} Ps JolQmsf] k"0
f{ k|eT ' j x'g] jf ePsf] l:ylt Psflwklt x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= Psflwsf . Psfg l
j) [Ps cfg] != Psu'gf (b'gf]6 k9\bf) . @= Ps hgfn] dfq yfxf kfpg] Pp6fdf dfq ;Lldt P
s hgfdf 6'l\ ug] . ~ bf]sfg lj) Ps hgfsf] d'vaf6 csf{sf] sfgdf k'Ug] Psb'O{ hgfn] d
fq hfGg] . Psfgf gf) [;+) Ps cf0fs] != rf k};f afa d"No ePsf] l;Ssf rfk};] d'b|f Psc
;Ssf PsGgL . @= rf k};f . PsfgL lj) [Psfgf O{] != Pp6f lafd jf e"n ug]{ . gf) @= Ps cf
gf . ~ bf]sfgL gf) Pscsf{df clncln ub}{ egfeg x'g] sfd yf]y } f]} x'b F fx'b F } rs{
g] egfa}L afemfafem . Psfg] lj) [Psfgf P ] Ps cfgf d"No afasf] Ps cfgf df]nsf] Ps cf
]{ . ~ bf]sfg] lqm) lj) Ps hgfsf] d'vaf6 csf{sf] sfgdf, csf{sf] d'vaf6 emg\ csf{s
f] sfgdf k'u ] (uf]Ko s'f k}mlng] lsl;d) Psfgbf]sfg x'g] ls;dn] . PsfGt lj) [;+)] !=
sf]xL gePsf] dflg; xQkQ gk'Ug] (7fpF) ;'g;fg lg5\ofd Psnf; . gf) @= uf]Ko jftf{ . jf
; gf) sf]xL gePsf 7fpFdf jf xQkQ sf]xL g'kUg] 7fpFdf a:g] sfd PsfGtsf] af; PSnf] a;
fO . jf;L lj) PsfGtjf; ug]{ PSn} a:g] jf xg] . > PsfGtL lj) != dfemdf Pp6f dfq sfg x
'g] lkmQf, vLk cflb gx'g] (Ps k|sfsf] h'Qf) Pssfg] . @= aflxLleqL gePsf] Ps;f] (6f]
. PsfGgAa] gf) [k|f) PSsf0pO] != gAa] Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof (!sf] c\s . lj) @=
gAa] Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] . > PsfGgAa]cf} F PsfGgAa]of} F lj) uGb} hfFbf PsfGgAa]
;\Vofdf kg]{ PsfGgAa] ;\Vofsf] . PsflGjt gf) [;+)] sfo{, :yfg ;dodWo] s'g} Ps ldn]sf
] l:ylt . Psfkfj{0f gf) [;+)] != cf}; F L jf lkt[kIfdf dg]s { f nflu ;f]xL ltlydf
ulg] >f4 . @= Pp6fsf] dfq p2]Zon] kj{ljz]ifdf ulg] >f4 . Psflaxfg gf) [Ps laxfg] ft ;
lsP clncln pHofnf] x'g] laxfgsf] ;do ldld] pHofnf] x'g] a]nf lem;ld;] ;vf . PsfDd]
) [;+) Ps do] Ps;dfg kflPsf] Ps} k|sfsf] Ps5Q Psgf; . Psf gf) [;+)] != P cIf . @=
fly nfUg] P sf] lrXg Psnv ( ] ) .

3 . + f Psf\sL gf) [;+)] != Ps c\s dfq ePsf] jf x'g] cfkm}d k"0f{ 5f]6f] gf6s Ps c\s
q x'g] Ps k|sfsf] b[ZosfJo . @= kssf b; e]bdWo] ef0f, Jofof]u, pT;[i6f\s, jLyLh:tf
Ps c\s dfq x'g] ks . lj) #= Ps c ePsf] . Psf\lutf gf) [;+)] Pp6} c\u ePsf] cj:yf k:
Da4tf . Psf\uL lj) [;+)] != Ps c\u dfq ePsf] Ps c\u dfq ;lqmo ePsf] ljsnf\u . @= s'g
g0f{o cflb lbFbf Ps c\usf ;DaGwdf dfq ljrf u] lbOPsf] Ps kIfsf af]df dfq ;f]lrPsf] P
mL{ (s'f, lg0f{o cflb) . #= Pp6} s'fdf dfq nfluxg] cfgf] lh2L g5f]8\g] Psf]xf]f] Ps
F ldl;P jf csf]{ j:t'df PsfTd lj) [;+)] csf]{ j:t';u ldn] Ps ePsf] Psfsf cleGg . tf
!= Psfsf x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf u'0f, k|s[lt cflbsf b[li6n] ;dfg x'g] efj, u'0f jf
l:ylt . @= cleGgtf Pstf . jfb gf) ;[li6sf h8, r]tg ;a} j:t'df Pp6} cfTdf JofKt 5 e
Gg] l;4fGt hLjfTdf kdfTdfsf aLrdf ce]b ;DaGw dfGg] l;4fGt hLj O{Zjsf aLrdf Pstf b]V
] l;4fGt c}tjfbL l;4fGt . jfbL lj) PsfTdjfbsf] cg'ofoL PsfTdjfbsf] cg';0f ug]{ . Psf
zfx gf) [;+)] != d[tssf p2]Zon] P3ff}F lbgdf ulg] lqmof P3ff}d F f ulg] k|t ] sd{ . @
sf]xL JolQm d]sf] P3ff}F+ lbg . #= P3ff}F lbg . PsfbzL gf) [;+)] x]s dlxgfsf] z'Sn
[i0f kIfsf] P3ff}F ltly bzdLkl5sf] ltly . Psfb]z gf) [;+) Ps b]z] cnfO{ bGTosyf ;'gfpF
bf jf eGbf ;'?df clglZrt b]znfO{ lgb]{zg ug{ elgg] zAb clglZrt b]z s'g} b]z . Psfw
lj) [Ps cfwf] != kof{Kt dfqfdf geP stfst} dfq ePsf] Psb'O{ sf]xLsf]xL s'g}s'g} . @= cl
glZrt yf]} ;\Vofsf] Ps jf cfwf s]xLs]xL . Psflws lj) [;+)] PseGbf a9L ;\Vofsf] Ps
;L s}of}F . Psflwsf gf) [;+)] s'g} pB]fuJofkf, vlblaqmL, sfd s'f] cflbdf Pp6f JolQms
dfq cflwkTo x'g] jf ePsf] l:ylt s'g} sfd, j:t' jf Jofkfdf Pp6} JolQmsf] dfq k"0f{
clwsf Psnf}6L clwsf PsflwkTo . > PsflwsfL lj) Psflwsf ePsf] Psflwsf rfxg] jf ug]{
) Psflwsfdf ljZjf; ug]{ dfGotf jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) Psflwsfjfbsf] cg'ofoL Psflwsfdf
jZjf; ug]{ .

Psfy{sPsf]xf]f] Psfy{s lj)[;+)] != Pp6} dfq cy{ ePsf] cnucnu cy{ gePsf] PsfyL{ . @= k
;dfg jf p:t} cy{ ePsf] ;dfgfy{s ;dfgfyL{ (;"o{ efg', cfFvf gog, k':ts lstfa O)) .
@= v08sfJoeGbf 7"nf] dxfsfJoeGbf demf}nf sfJo pkdxfsfJo . PsfjnL gf) [;+)] != ;flxT
odf s'g} j0f{gsf qmddf Pskl5 csf]{ j:t' jf s'fsf] z[v \ nfa4 j0f{g x'b F f kg]{ Ps
cn\sf . @= Ps nx dfq ePsf] df]tLsf] dfnf . Psf>oL lj) [;+)] Pp6}sf] dfq cf>o ePsf] P
sfwLg . ~ sfJo gf) dxfsfJo aGgfsf nflu cfjZos ;a} c\u k"f geP tfklg syf;"qdf afFlwP
sf], cf7eGbf a9L ;u{ ePsf], clt sd kfq ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] sfJo . Psfx lj) [;+)] != P
s} lbgdf k"f ulg] Ps lbgdf ;lsg] . gf) @= k|foM ;fta|fx\d0fff Ps} lbgdf k"f ulg] >Ld
fujtsf] kffo0f Ps lbgdf ;lsg] efujtsf] kf7 . Psf;L gf) [;+) PsfzLlt > k|f) PSsf;L ]
!= c;L Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof *!sf] c\s . lj) @= c;L Pssf] of] u af6 ag] s f]
;L Pssf of] u sf] . > Psfl;cf} F Psfl;of} F lj) uGb} n}hfFbf Psf;L ;\Vofdf k]sf] Psf
L ;\Vofsf] . PsLs0f gf) [;+)] b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L j:t', JolQm, ;+:yf cflbnfO{ ld
nfP Ps agfpg] sfd . @= ;DalGwt ljifoj:t'nfO{ ldnfP Pstf jf dt}So :yflkt ug]{ sfd .
PsLs[t lj) [;+)] w]} ljifoj:t'nfO{ ldnfP Ps agfOPsf] PsLs0f ulPsf] . ~ kf7\oqmd gf)
csf{ ljifoIf]qsf] ]vfnfO{ jf:tf guL cWoogLo lj:t[t If]q jf ;du| hLjgsf dxjk"0f{ ;d:
ofdf s]lGb|t u/L ljleGg PsfO jf v08xsf] cy{ k"f ;\ul7t kdf ld>0f ul/Psf] kf7\oqmd .
PsLefj gf) [;+)] != Pp6} jf Ps} ksf] x'g] sfd jf l:ylt . @= Psq x'g] sfd hDdf x'g]
sfd . PsLe"t lj) [;+)] != leGgleGg j:t' 3'nldn eP Pp6} ePsf] ldl;Psf] ldn]sf] . @= hD
df ePsf] Pslqt . Ps'G6f lj) [Psf]6f] != PsPsj6f . lqm) lj) @= PsPs u] . Ps'Gb|f ] lj
;+) PsfGt] != Ps lbg lafP cfpg] (Hjf]) . @= Ps lbg lafP x'g] jf ulg] (sfd) . Ps'jf!
zLdf alNemxg] s'g} klg 3fp (pbf) hlt cf]vtL u] klg pgsf] 3fpdf Ps'jf klN6x]s} 5 .) .
s'jf@ gf) l9d|LnfO{ ;fgf] jf 7"nf] kfg]{ Hofan . Ps'jf gf) [;+) Pskf] != s'g} vf]nfs
f] Psfltsf] dfq tL . @= cK7]f] 7fpF . #= b'Ov { fk] 9f]sfsf] s'g} Pp6f kmUn]6 F f] P
p6f vfkf . > Ps'jf} lqm) lj) hFuf gtLsg vf]nfsf] Psfklsf] tLtL} .
160

Ps'jf lxnf] gf) [Ps'jf lxnf]] lxpFbav}{ cf}n F fsf] sfk vfOxg] lxn] f]u . Ps]p6f lj) [
s Ps cf]6f] x]) Psf}6f . Ps]s lj) [Ps Ps] PsPs x]s k|To]s . Ps]8d ] L gf) [c\)] != ;
f, ;+:s[lt, lj1fgsf] If]qdf ljlzi6 sfd ug]{ Ps ;+:yf . x]) k|1fk|lti7fg . @= lzIf
0f;+:yfxsf] z}lIfs ljefu . Ps]lGb|o gf) [;+)] != :qL k'?ifhfltsf zfLls agf]6df leGgt
gx'g] jf Pp6} ln\u x'g] k|f0fL (uF8\of}nf, h'sf] O)) . @= OlGb|onfO{ ;a} lsl;dsf
ljifojf;gfaf6 x6fP dglt tfGg] sfd . Ps]Zjjfb gf) [;+)] ;d:t ;[li6sf] stf{, etf{ xtf
{sf kdf Pp6} O{Zjsf] cl:tTj dfGg] l;4fGt . > Ps]ZjjfbL lj) Ps]Zjjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ Ps]
jjfbsf] cg'ofoL jf ;dy{s . Ps}gf; lj) cfsfk|sf jf u'0f cflbsf b[li6n] Pp6} lsl;dsf] p
t} b]lvg] . Psf] gf) [Ps cf]] 8G8Llaof] v]Nbf 8G8Ln] hldg gfKg] l;nl;nfdf PsnfO{ hg
fpg] zAb . Psf]6f lj) [Ps cf]6f] PsPsj6f Ps]p6f Psf}6f . Psf]tf lqm) lj) [Ps tfn] s'g
} sfds'fnfO{ bf]xf]ofO{t]xofO{ tfGtf afDaf km]lkm]l nuftf . > Psf]tf} lqm)
f) [;+)] Pp6f dfq lkt[sf p2]Zon] ulg] >f4 cfdfafa' jf klt cflbsf ltlydf ulg] >f4 .
Psf]xlg' c) lqm) [Psf]xf]f] O g'] x]) Psf]xf]lg' . Psf]xf] lj) [Psf]xf]f]] x]) Psf]
f]xofO gf) [ Psf]xf]ofOF] x]) Psf]xf]ofOF . > Psf]xofpg' k|]) lqm) Psf]xf]ofpg' .
gf) x]) Psf]xf]ofO{ . Psf]xf]lg' c) lqm) [Psf]xf]f] O g'] != s'g} sfds'fdf Psf]xf]f]
kg{' Ps;'n] sfd ug{' Ps lrQ eP sfd ug{' . @= fd|f] ;f]rlarf guL Pp6f kIfsf] ;dy{g ug
stkmL{ aGg' . #= s'g} sfd jf s'f Psflt nfUg' Pp6} ljifo jf k|;\udf dfq s]lGb|t x'g'
. $= csf s'f g;'gL cfg} s'fdf dfq x7 ulxg' . Psf]xf]f] lj) [Ps ;f]] != Pp6} ;f]rla
fUg] cfg} ;'n] dfq rNg] Ps;'] . @= b'O{ tx gePsf] Ps;f] . #= lqm) lj) PslrQ eP . $=
aflh Ps} v]k . > Psf]xf]ofO gf) Psf]xf]lg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . Psf]xf]ofOg' s) l
Psf]xf]ofOg] sfd ulg' . Psf]xf]ofpg' k|]) lqm) Psf]xf]f] kfg{' Psf]xf]lg nfpg' . Ps
f]ofx6 gf) Psf]xf]lP sfd ug]{ efj, cj:yf lqmof

161

Psf}6LPxf]O P8\; gf) [c
\)] Pr\) cfO{) eL) hLjf0f'af6 pTkGg x'g] Ps eofgs f]u . @= f]u
sf] k|fs[lts k|ltf]ws Ifdtf gi6 ug]{ vtgfs f]u . Ptby{ cJo) [;+)] != o; sf0f o; lgldQ
; p2]Zon] . @= tby{ . PQ]L lj) af]) [Pt]f]O{] pb]s, cfZro{ cflb k|s6 ubf{ af]lng] cJo
ozAb (pbf) PQ]L, t}n F ] klg k'mtL{ kf] ul;\ ) . Pq'sf] lj) [oqf]sf]<] ;fgf];fgf] lsl
dsf] ;;fgf] . Pe]:6 gf) [c
\)] x]) ;udfyf . PDa'nG ] ; gf) [c
\)] cfsl:ds b'3{6gfdf k
]uLnfO{ :jf:Yolzlj jf xl:k6ndf k'ofpg] ;jfL ;fwg lafdLnfO{ cf];fk;f ug]{ df]6 . Po
] xfjf jfo' . ~ slG8;g gf) x]) ] 6 gf) xjfO{hxfhff Nofpg]nh } fg] jftfg'sn " g . ~ 8s
'dG Joj:yf ulg] lr7Lkq jf cGo ;fdu|L . P08 gf) [;+)] cFl8 . PfQ} lj) af]) cfZro{, lj:
o, hf]; cflb k|s6 ubf{ elgg] zAb PQ]L (pbf) PfQ}, Tof] k'mRrf] klg kN6gdf hflu] eof]
.) . Pnkf]l wd] gf) [g]jf)] lwd]eGbf s]xL ;fgf] t p:t} k|sfsf] Ps afhf . Pnf]f gf)
|frLg leQ]lrq ePsf] klZrd eftl:yt Ps k|l;4 u'kmf . Pj+Pjd\ cJo) [;+)] != o:t} lsl;d
n] o;} k|sf o:t} . ;+of]) @= b'O{ ;dfg ksf jfSo jf kbxnfO{ hf]8\g] zAb clg tyf .
' cJo) s;}n] s'g} j jf cfzLjf{b dfUbf dfu]sf] s'f k"f xf];\ egL af]lng] zAb rfx]h:t}
xf];\ o:t} xf];\ tyf:t' . Pif0ff gf) [;+)] != cGj]if0f vf]h . @= sfdgf OR5f clenfiff
. Pl;of gf) [c
\)] k[YjLsf 5 dxfLkxdWo] Ps dxfLk k"jL{ uf]nf4{df x]sf] dxfLk . > Pl;
j) Pl;ofdf hGd]sf] jf ePsf] Pl;ofsf] Pl;of;DaGwL . Px] lj) af]) [;+) cxf]] xif{, z]
fs, cfZro{, hf]; cflbsf] efj JoQm ubf{ af]lng] zAb (pbf) Px], To:tf] kf] x]5 Px],
larf ;fOsnaf6 n8\of] ) . Pxf]O gf) [Px}] != jgh
\undf a:t'efp rfpFbf uf]7fnfxn] lx+;|
gfjxnfO{ wkfpgsf nflu cfk"m cfk"mdf sfpg] zAb xf}6 . @= ldNbf ;fyLefOxdf jf cfk"meGbf
dlgsf JolQmnfO{ ulg] ;Daf]wg . (pbf) Pxf]O sfG5f tF stf hfg nflu;\ xF <) .

jf k|lqmof Psf]xf]ofOF . Psf}6f lj) [Ps cf}6f] PsPsj6f Ps]p6f Psf]6f . Psf}6L lj) [Ps
L] != PsPsj6L x]ssL k|To]ssL (:qL) . @= cfg} dfq xssf] Psnf}6L . PSsf gf) [k|f) PSs]
= Ps k'mL dfq ePsf] tf;sf] rSsL . @= PsPs 3f]8f dfq gflPsf] aUuL Ps3f]8] aUuL . lj)
#= ;d"xb]lv leGg k'mf l7\uf] Psnf] . $= ;aeGbf a9L dg k]sf] . %= ceGbf >]i7 k|wfg
PSsfO; gf) [;+) Pslj+zlt > k|f) PSsjL;] != aL; Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof @!sf] c\s
. lj) @= aL; Pssf] of]un] ag]sf] aL; Pssf of]usf] . > PSsfO;f} lj) uGb} n}hfFbf PS
sfO;df k]sf] aL; Pssf] of]usf] PSsfO; ;
\Vofsf] . PSsfjfg gf) [PSsfjfg] Ps3f]8] aUuL
FSg] JolQm PSsf rnfpg] dflg; . PSsfl; lqm) lj) != cs:dft\ ;x;f Psbd PsfPs . @= ljgf;f
]rljrf ljgfsf0f . PSn] lj) [ Psn]] Psn] PSnf] . PSnf] lj) [ Psnf]] sf]xL gePsf] Ps
S;k|; ] lj) [c
\)] d'Vod'Vo :6];gdf dfq s]xL l5gsf nflu cl8O{ ceGbf l56f] uGtJo :yf
gdf k'Ug] (uf8L, ]n, df]6 O)) . PS;] gf) [c\)] zLleqsf cjojsf] cfs[lt b[li6uf]r u
sl;dsf] cb[Zo ljB't\ls0f Ifls0f . P3f gf) [;+) Psfbz > k|f) Puf;] != b; Pssf] of]
g] ;\Vof !!sf] c\s . lj) @= b; Pssf of]un] ag]sf] b; Pssf of]usf] . ~ b'O { gf) l
sf v]ndf kGhf, 5Ssf b'jf ldn] aGg] Ps bfp . > P3ff}F gf) != s'g} JolQm d]sf] P3ff}F
bg . @= d[tssf p2]Zon] P3ff}F lbgdf ulg] sfhlqmof . lj) #= uGtLsf] qmddf b; Pssf]
of]u;\Vofdf kg]{ P3f ;\Vofsf] . Ph]G6 gf) [c\)] != s'g} snsfvfgf, Jofkfls ;+:yf cf
|ltlglwsf kdf sfd ug]{ JolQm u'd:tf . @= csf] k|ltlglwsf kdf sfd ug]{ JolQm jfl; . Ph
G8f gf) [c\)] s'g} ;ef, a}7s cflbdf ljrf jf 5nkmnsf lglDt tof kflPsf] sfdsf] ;"rL sfo
;"rL . Ph]G;L gf) [c\)] Ph]G6sf] sfd x'g] jf Ph]G6 a:g] :yfg jf l:ylt Ph]G6sf] kb,
efj jf lqmof u'd:TofOF . P6gL{ gf) [c\)] != clwjStf jlsn . @= lgodfg';f sfd ug{ clwsf
k|fKt s'g} k|ltlglw .

P]P]ltxfl;s
162

P]
P]! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] vf; rngrNtLsf :j/j0f{dWo]
gjf}F :j/j0f{ k/Dk/fut kdf s07 tfn':yfgaf6 pRrf0f x'g], bL3{ :j/j0f{ dflgPsf] / efi
fflj1fgcg';f/ s]Gb|Lo, cfwf aGb l:yltb]lv cu| aGb laGb'df k'uL 6'\lug] l:j/ n]Vo kdf
;f] :j/j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . P]@ lj) af]) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ 8fSbf jf
xsfbf{ elgg] cJoo zAb P (pbf) P] Zofd tF stf hfg nfu]sf] < P], lsg rN5;\ xF <) .
gf) @= lzj . P]s 6L gf) [g]jf)] kDkfut k|ljlwdf tgfOPsf] sfd ug]{ c
\s';]bf n6\7L . P
r gf) [;+) c~r] != s'g} JolQmnfO{ st}af6 s;} uL klg pDsg glbO{ cwLgdf Nofpg] sfd j
zdf fVg] sfd sfa" bafp . @= k:k tfgftfgL ug]{ sfd tgfO tGsfO . P]r g' ;) lqm) [P
] != s;}nfO{ s;} uL klg pDsgefUg glbO{ cwLgdf Nofpg' P]r F df kfg{' sfa"df fVg' jzdf
Vg' . @= s'g} JolQm jf j:t'nfO{ cF7\ofpg' a];L lyRg' bafpg' . #= s'g} :yfg cflbdf sA
hf ug{' bvn ug{' . $= k:k tfgftfgL ug{' tfGg' . > P]r fO gf) P]r F g] efj, lqmof jf
|lqmof . P]r fOg' s) lqm) P]r F g nfOg' jz jf cwLgdf kfg{ nfOg' . P]Frfpg' k|) ] lq
m) P]r F g nfpg' jz jf cwLgdf fVg nufpg' . P]rftfgL gf) lvrftfgL tfgftfgL . P]l rg'
lqm) P]r F g] sfd ulg' tflgg' . P]r L lj) P]r F g] :jefjsf] lvr'jf . P]r f] gf) [
F cf]] != kjztf v6g . @= k}Frf]sf] cu|s . k}r f] gf) != vfFrf] ePsf] cGgkft jf cGo
j:t' k}r F f] lbg] k}Frf] lng] sfd . @= ?lkofFk};f cflb ;fk6 lbg] lng] sfd ;;fk6L .
#= bf]xf]f] Jojxf jf n]gb]g . P]h ? ] gf) x]) P]h]? . F gg'] != s;}nfO{ efUgpDsg g
Sg] P]7 g' ;) lqm) [P]7 uL RofKg' cF7\ofpg' . @= bafpg' lyRg' cFr]6\g' . #= a6f]
' lgdf]7\g' . P]7g gf) [;+) clwj]i6g] != lglb|t cj:yf jf ;kgfdf Qm;~rf jf Zjf;sf] ult
df s'g} sf0fjz Jojwfg ePdf x'g] si6 56k6L To;L x'g] cofO jf pdsf]{ . @= bafp lyrfO
fh lj) zLnfO{ sofss'?s kfL P]7 F g ug{ hfGg] (JolQm) . P]7 fO gf) [ P]7 F (cfO)]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] P]7fpg' k|]) lqm P]F7g nfpg' . P]l7g' s) lqm) P]F7g] s
fd ulg' cF7\ofOg' . P]7 ] gf) [P]F7P] ux'Fsf kL7fsf] afSnf] n]bf]nfO{ af
\uf]l6
\uf]
3'dls{Psf cfsfsf] agfO{ l3pdf ksfP kfsdf 8'afPsf] Ps k|sfsf] xn'jfO{ f]6L . P]7 o \ f
O gf) [ P]l7 -ofO)] P]F7g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] P]7 o \ fOg' s) lqm) P]lF 7g
nfOg' lgdf]7o \ fOg' . P]7 o \ fpg' ;) lqm) != P]lF 7g nfpg' P]lF 7g] kfg{' . @= lgd
f]7g \ nfpg' a6fg{ nfpg' . P]; n ] ' gf) kftnf sfF8f afSnf] e'm; x'g], kf]y|fdf k
mNg], sfkmnsf hqf bfgf x'g] r}tj}zfvlt kx]n F f] eP kfSg], u'lnof] :jfbsf] gd kmn .
P]sdTo gf) [;+)] Ps dt x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf dt}So . P]sflGts lj) [;+)] != PsfGtdf x
'g] jf ;DaGw fVg] . @= ljz]if kn] s'g} Ps ljifo, JolQm cflbl;t ;DalGwt . #= ;Dk"0f
{ k"f . $= lglZrt ljZj:t . ~ ;dfrf gf) != s'g} ;+jfbbftfn] st}af6 vf]hd]n uL jf lgsfn
cGoq k|sflzt x'ge ' Gbf klxn] cfgf] kqnfO{ lbPsf] ;dfrf s'g} ;|ft ] af6 cfkm}+ k|f
Kt u]sf] df}lns ;dfrf . @= ljz]if dxjsf] ;dfrf . tf gf) PsfGt x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf .
P]sf gf) [;+)] != P] cIf . @= Jo~hgj0f{dfly nfUg] P] sf] lrXg bf]nv ( }) . P]So gf
Pstf PsTj d]n . P]Ifj gf) [;+)] != pv'af6 aGg] jf ag]sf] kbfy{ (;v, lrgL cflb) . @=
Ps k|sfsf] S;L . P] l R5s lj) [;+ ) ] != OR5fg' ; fsf] lrtfPh:tf] OR5fd'tflas . @=
'O6fdWo] OR5fg';f s'g} f]Hg ;lsg] OR5fwLg j}slNks . ~ ljifo gf) cle?lr, e'msfj tyf If
dtfg';f lzIffyL{n] s'g} Ps jf b'O{ ljifo cfgf] :j]R5fn] 5fGg] Joj:yf ePsf] ljifo j
f kf7\j:t' . P]hg cJo) [c)] dfly n]lvPcg';f dfly n]lvPadf]lhd pQm ;f] lgh . P]h? ]
? gf) [;+) c\uahf] != cs}{ vsf] sfkdf pd|g], nfDrf kft x'g], ftf] k"mn k'mNg], u'lnof
;;fgf kmn kmNg] a'6L aGbfs . @= zLdf k'ms'G8f p7\g] f]uljz]if . P]6g gf) [c\) P8\h6
G ] 6] ;}lgs ;]jfdf nK6geGbf d'lgsf] clws[t nK6gsf] ;xfos kN6lgofF clkm; . P]ltxf
l;s lj) [;+)] != Oltxf;df pNn]v ePsf] Oltxf;df j0f{g ulPsf] . @= Oltxf;;DaGwL Oltxf;
sf] . #= Oltxf; hfGg] Oltxf;sf] 1ftf Oltxf;ljb\ . tf gf) !=

163

P]gP]lxs P]of gf) [c)] != uf]Ko sfo{sf nflu t}gfy ulPsf] ljz]if JolQm hf;'; u'Ktr .
@= af7f] rnfv r\v . > P]ofL gf) != rnfvL . @= w"t{tf . #= P]ofn] ug]{ sfd . P]of; l
[c)] v"a P];cffd ug]{ ljifo;'vsf] v"a cfgGb lng] ef]uljnf;df v"a Dg] P]of;L ug]{ . >
]of;L gf) != ef]uljnf; df]h df]hdHhf . lj) @= P]of; . P]fsL lj) [;+) clefuL] gfRgufpg
f lgs} l;kfn' gfrufgdf bIf . P]fjt gf) [;+)] != OGb|n] r9\g] xfQL rf lbUuhdWo] k"j{ l
bzfsf] lbUuh . @= OGb|wg' OGb|0 ] fL . #= lah'nL rDs]sf] sfnf] afbn . P]L gf) [;+)
cfeLL ] != Ps k|sfsf] e"tk|t ] . @= l;sfL . #= If]qL jf kfjO{ hfltsf] Ps y . P]u ] }
] lj) [(l)) u}] ] != s'g} ;DaGw gePsf] gftfuf]tf s]xL gkg]{ . @= rfgr'g] ef]e'] ljgf
f] . P]n ] ' gf) [;+) pjf{?] h\undf kfOg] Ps k|sfsf] tLtf] sfFqmf] . P]n ] f] gf) [c
]Of] nf]] s'g} j:t' jf dfn;fdfg cflbsf] y'k|f] cJojl:yt kdf x]sf] 8\u' cf]Of] . P]
xf]] != k|foM h
\naf6 df] NofOPsf] l;sf . @= l;sfLn] h
\undf e]6s ] f] l;sfnfos hGt'
cf]Of] . v]bf] gf) v'Gwf nf] lng] sfd . k}f] gf) cK7]f] sfd kf nufpg d'l:sn
fx|f];f\u|f] . P]n gf) [;+)] != Onfsf] 5f]f] k'f0fk|l;4 ;f]dj+zL fhf k'?jf . @= d\
nfgL gf) [kmf) ] != ;sfL kdf s;}sf] gfddf btf{ gePsf] v]tLof]Uo ktL{ hUuf . @= cfafb
L ugf{sf lgldQ k'msfOPsf] ktL{ hUuf . lj) #= ;sfL kdf s;}sf] gfddf btf{ gePsf] . P]
n ] lqm) lj) [ clxn]] x]) clxn] o; a]nf . P]Zjo{ gf) [;+)] != >L;DklQ wg;DklQ ljk'n w
lz . @= k|e'Tj cflwkTo k|e'tf . #= ci6l;l4dWo] Ps . $= O{ZjLo kb jf u'0f zlQm . dQ l
) wg;DklQsf] cflwSon] ubf{ dflQPsf] wgn] dbdQ . jfg\ lj) P]Zjo{n] o'St ePsf] wgjfg\
;DkGg ;DklQzfnL . zfnL lj) k|z:t ;DklQ ePsf] ;DklQzfnL wgjfg\ . P]; gf) [c) P]z] !=
Ljgsf] ef}lts ;'v;'ljwf ;f]v;on cffd r}g . @= hLjgdf k|fKt ug]{ ljifojf;gfsf] ;'v ef]
uljnf; co; . ~ cffd gf) hLjgdf ef]lug] ;'v;'ljwf cffdr}g ef]uljnf; df]hdHhf . > P];L
x] P]of;L . P]xnf}lss lj) [;+)] o;} nf]sdf ePsf] o;} nf]s;Fu ;Da4 o;} nf]ssf] ;f+;f
ls P]lxs Oxnf]ssf] . P]lxs lj) [;+)] x]) P]xnf}lss . tf gf) o; nf]sdf x'gfsf] efj O
}lsstf ;f+;flstf .

P]ltxfl;s x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= Oltxf;sf b[li6n] k|l;4 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
. ~ ef}ltsjfb gf) jfb ljjfbsf] cGt{Gff b'j}sf] cl:tTj ;dfKt eO{ ;+jfbsf] k|fb'ef{ j
'G5 eGg] x]un ] sf] GbfTds bz{g n'8lju km]jfssf] ef}ltsjfbL bz{gsf] ;lDd>0f uL dfS;
{n] k|ltkfbg u]sf] GfTds ef}ltsjfbnfO{ P]ltxfl;s s;Ldf nfu" uL lgdf{0f ulPsf] tyf To;
} cfwfdf ;dfhnfO{ x]lg] bz{g . P]g! lj) [c)] 7Ls pko'Qm (pbf) pm P]g df}sfdf xfdLsxfF
cfof]) . P]g@ gf) [c) cfO{g] s'g} ljifonfO{ Jojl:yt kdf ug{ufpg ag]sf] ;sfL lgod sfg
g ljwfg . ~ sfg'g gf) ;sfsf tkm{af6 ag]sf] lgod, sfg'g jf ljlw ljwfg . sf] pNn]v gf
= c8\8f jf cbfntaf6 s'g} sfds'fsf ;DaGwdf n]vfk9L jf lg0f{o ubf{ k|df0fsf lglDt l
bOg] sfg'gL dxn, bkmf, pkbkmf cflbsf] x'lnof . @= kmnfgf P]gsf] kmnfgf] gDa (bkmf
, pkbkmf)n] o:tf] ePsf] o:tf] x'g'k5{ egL b]vfOPsf] P]gsf] glh glhsf] pNn]v . sf] D
fb gf) s'g} ljifodf sfg'gL sfdsfafxL slxn] ;'? ug]{ jf ;dfKt ug]{ egL P]gdf tf]lsP
sf] ;do . vfgf gf) sfg' g ljefu . ~ alv{ n fk lj) != P]gsfg'glj?4 . @= sfg'gsf b[l
i6n] cfklQhgs . ~ ;jfn gf) != P]gsfg'g To;cGtu{t ag]sf lgod, pklgod cflb . @= c8\
8fcbfntnfO{ hfL ulPsf] ;jfn P]g . P]gf gf) [kmf) cfOgf] k[i7 efudf kff] nufP cg'xf
b x]g{sf] nflu ckfbzL{ agfOPsf] l;;f bk{0f . ~ 3 gf) lbof] 5f]Kg] nDkmfsf cfsfsf] P]g
fsf] 3 . P]Gb| lj) [;+)] != OGb|;DaGwL OGb|sf] . gf) @= kfl0flgk"js { f ;+:s[t Jofs0
fsf] klkf6LdWo] Ps . s"6 lj) OGb|s6 " kj{t;DaGwL . hfn gf) r6sLsf] ljBf OGb|hfnLsf]
ljBf hfb' 6'gfd'gf . hflns lj) OGb|hfn ljBf hfGg] hfb' ljBf hfGg] r6s ug]{ r6sL . P
gf) [;+) cflnDkg] != k|foM s"df{~rnsf afl;Gbfxn] ljjfxj|taGw cflb cGo wfld{s s[To
ubf{ rfdnsf kL7fsf] n]bf] agfO{ xflng] ljleGg a'fsf cfsfsf ]vL . @= lhpFtL . P]a gf)
[c)] bf]if vf]6 coa . > P]aL lj) vf]6 nfu]sf] bf]ifo'St . P]eft gf) [;+) cflje{] !
sf] klt ePsf] cj:yf ;wjfkg . @= :qLsf] ;f}efUo . > P]efltgL lj) != P]efFtL . gf) @=
P]efFtL gfL . P]eftL lj) klt ePsL ;wjf ;f}efUojtL . P]eff gf) [;+) cleeff] cleeff
QbfloTj l;f]ef] . P]of lj) af]) rf]6k6s nfUbf, zL b'Vbf jf yfSbf d'vaf6 lg:sg] zAb (
) P]of, w]} xfFl;of] af, cfh t) . ~ cfdf lj) af]) x]) P]of . ~ afaf lj) af]) x]) P]o
f .

cf]cf]vnL
164

cf]
cf]! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] vf; rngrNtLsf :j/j0f{dWo]
b;f}F :jj0f{ k/Dk/fut kdf s07cf]i7:yfgaf6 pRrf0f x'g] :j/j0f{ dflgPsf], efifflj1fgcg'
;f kZr / cfwfaGb, uf]lnt :jj0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] :j/j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . c
f]@ lj) af]) [;+) cxf]] != ;Demgf, lj:do cflbdf af]lng] F . @= cfk"meGbf zAb . (p
bf) cf] aNn kf] d}n] a'em]) dlgsfnfO{ af]nfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb P (pbf) cf] Zofd otf
cfpm) . cf]+ gf) [;+)] != qmdzM lji0f', lzj a|XdfnfO{ a'emfpg] c, p, d ldn] ag]sf
] zAb . @= j]bkf7 ubf{ dGqsf kdf Crfsf cfufl8k5fl8 pRrf0f ulg] kljq Wjlg () k|0fj .
f) != cf]+ cIf k|0fj . @= wfld{s ljZjf; cg';f a|Xdf (c), lji0f' (p) dx]Zj (d) sf] ;+
'Qm k . ~ fdk gf) /fhkl/jf/sf ;b:o tyf lxGb" wd{sf] ljlzi6 JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Z
on] @))# ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . cf]O lj) af]) [;+) cxf] O] x]) cf] . cf]Og' ;) lqm) [cf
]Of] g'] != r'nf], cu]g' cflbdf a;flnPsf] efF8fdf ksfpgfsf lglDt bfn, rfdn, tsfL cflb
xfNg' cf]Ol/g' . @= sn, sf]n cflbdf wfgds} s'6\glkFWgsf nflu xfNg' . #= l;n] s'g}
j:t' s;}nfO{ w]} lbg' . c) lqm) $= tn, w"nf] jf bfgfbf j:t' 7"nf] kldf0fdf kf]lvg' j
f r'lxg' . %= n:s nfUg' . ^= hfOnfUg' . > cf]OfO gf) cf]Olg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
cf]Ofpg' k|]) lqm) cf]Olg nfpg' . cf]Ofg gf) [cf]Of] cfg] != ;tx;Dd geO{ lefnf] k]
f] hUuf, klxf] . @= a]nfa]nfdf elTsxg] km:sf] kfvf] . cf]Ofnf] lj) [cf]Of] cfnf]] 5]nf
vn ] f] cfkmntfkmn kpn . cf]Olg' ;)lqm)x]) cf]O/g' . cf]Of] gf) [;+) cjf]x0f] != gf
sg lgGt vl;xg] kfgL, cGg cflbsf] 7"nf] wff] . @= nuftf cfOx]sf w]} dflg;sf] tfFtL .
cGg cflbsf] y'kf | ] . $= ufF; . klxf] lj) 5]nf]v]nf] cfkmntfkmn . cf]Ong' c) lqm) [
+) cjnLg] k"mn, kq, ;fukft cflbsf] tfhfkg gi6 x'g' . > cf]OnfO gf) cf]Onfpg] lqmo
f jf efj . cf]OnfOg' c) lqm) cf]Onfpg] sfd xf]Og' . cf]Onfpg' ;) lqm) k|) ] lqm) !=
k"mn, kq, ;fukft cflbnfO{ 3fddf fv] clncln ;'sfpg' b;'sf] kfg{' cf]OlnPsf] kfg{' . c
) lqm) @= cf]Ong' . cf]Olng' c) lqm) ;fukft cflbsf] tfhfkg lgv||g' cf]Ong' . cf]ON
ofO gf) cf]OnfO . cf]ONofOg' s) lqm) cf]Olng] kfg{ nfOg' . cf]ONofpg' k|) ] lqm) cf
]Olng] kfg{ nufpg' cf]Olng] kfg{' b;'sf] kfg{' s]xLs]xL ;'sfpg' . cf]s6\g' ;) lqm) x
cf]u6\g' . > cf]sl6g' s) lqm) cf]ul6g' . cf]sn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pb\uL0f g' ] vfPsf] j:t
' k]6df gk'ofO{ d'v}af6 aflx lgsfNg' ps]Ng' . cf]snbf]sn gf) [Psn bf]sn]] s]6fs]6Ln] v
]Ng] Ps v]n To; v]ndf ufOg] uLt . cf]snfO gf) [ cf]sn\ (cfO)] cf]sNg] lsl;d, lqmof
jf efj . [>] cf]snfpg' k|) ] lqm) cf]sNg nfpg' cf]sNg] agfpg' . cf]slng' s) lqm) cf
]snfOdf kg{' . cf]sf gf) [;+)] != cf] :jj0f{nfO{ a'emfpg] zAb cf] cIf . @= b]jgfu
fsf] Jo~hgj0f{dfly nfUg] cf]sf] lrXg nvsfgf] ( f] ) . cf]s\fkf gf) a9Ldf b'O{ lkm6hlt
nDafOsf], e'jfbf hLp, ftf] 9f8, sfnf] k]6 ePsf] k'R5 v08v08 k]h:tf] x'g] df+;fxfL
xdf kg]{ (bfFt g\u|f bx|f ePsf]) t zfsfxfL Ps hGt' . cf]vtL gf) [;+) cf}ifwL] != f]u
lgsf] kfg{nfO{ k|of]u ulg] j:t' jf ;fdfg cf}ifwL . @= pkrf pkfo . ~ d"nf] gf) != cf}i
fwLdf jf cf}ifwLsf kdf k|of]u x'g] h8La'6L . @= ljleGg k|sfsf cf}ifwL cf}ifwLxsf] ;d
'bfo . #= pkrf . cf]v gf) [;+) cIff]6] nfDrf kft x'g], cfh:tf] kmn kmNg] hdfg]dfGb|f
sf h:tf nfdfnfdf d~hL nfUg], xf8] bfgfleq u'lnof] vfB kbfy{ x'g] 7"nf] hftsf] v xf8
] bfFt] uL b'O{ k|sfsf] x'g] To;}sf] kmn . ~ kf\u ]| gf) != u'? hfltdf lax] x'b F f
Gofsf tkm{af6 jnfO{ lbOg] cf]v tyf kfu|f] . @= cfk;df gldNg] JolQm jf j:t' . #= ldn
fksf] lglDt k|lts"n l:ylt . lj) $= c;lhnf] . %= | ] lkmtf{ gf) u'?hfltsf] kfkfr's]
. a]d]nsf] . ~ kf\uf cf]vn gf) [k|f) cf]Svn < ;+) pn"vn] lrpf, wfg cflb s'6\g vf]lk
N6f] kfL agfOPsf] sf7 jf 9'\ufsf] ;fwg pu{n . 9'f gf) != k"jL{ g]kfnsf] ;udfyf c~rn
kg]{ Ps lhNnf . @= To; lhNnfsf] ;b d'sfd . cf]vnL gf) [cf]vn O] ;fgf] cf]vn . ~ d';n
L gf) != s'6g \ sf nflu wfg cflb xflng] cf]vn s'6g \ ] d';n cf]vn d':nL . @= s'6\g
] wGbf l9sLhfFtf] .

165

cf]u6\g'cf]8f ug]{ p2]Zon] !((! ;fndf :yflkt Ps tSdf . cf]emf gf) [;+) pkfWofo] !=
a|fXd0f cflb hfltsf] Ps y . @= emfFqmL wfdL . cf]emfO gf) [ cf]emfp cfO)] cf]emfpg] e
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cf]emfOg' s) lqm) cf]emfpg] sfd ulg' . cf]emfpg' ;) lqm) [cf]
lem cfp g'] != cfufsf] rsf]{ fknfO{ 36fP s]xL dlng agfpg' cfufsf] cfFr sd ug{' . c) lqm
) @= cfufsf] fk 36] s]xL dlng' x'g' cfufsf] cfFr sd x'g' cf]lemg' . cf]lemg' c) lqm)
fufsf] fk 36] s]xL dlng x'g' cfufsf] cfFr sd x'g' . cf]lemgL gf) [cf]emf OgL] != cf]em
f ysL a|fXd0fL cf]emfsL kTgL . @= cfOdfO{ wfdL wldgL . cf]em]n gf) [;+) cjhfn] != s]
xL j:t'n] k|sfz 5]Sgfn] ag]sf] 5fof 3fd 5]lsPsf] 7fpF l;ofFn . @= 5xfL . > cf]em ]
nL gf) uLt cflbdf k|of]u x'g] cf]em]nsf] k . cf]6 \ g' ;) lqm) skf; cflbaf6 laofF le
mSg' pOF6g' . > cf]6fO gf) cf]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . cf]6fOg' s) lqm) cf]6\g] sfd
ulg' . cf]6fpg' k|) ] lqm) cf]6g \ nufpg' . cf]6 gf) [cf]t] s;}sf] kIf lng] sfd tkmbf
kIfu|x0f w'f . cf]6f k|Too [uf]6f] ;\VofjfrL zAbsf kl5lNt nfu] yfg a'emfpg] Pp6f k|To
(rff]6f, kFfrf]6f O)) . cf]6fnf] gf) [cf]6 cfnf]] 3cufl8sf] ;kmf, ;Dd 7fpF 3sf] cfFug
. cf]l6nf] gf) [cf]6 Onf]] cf]6\g] sfd ePsf] . cf]7 gf) [;+) cf]i7] d'v 9fSg] cjoj .
~ sf6f] gf) 6 j0f{sf nflu k|flDes sIffsf ljBfyL{sf] lglDt k|of]u ulg] zAb 6sf . ~
f] gf) 7 j0f{sf] nflu k|flDes txsf ljBfyL{sf] lglDt k|of]u ulg] zAb 7sf s07 ldnfof
7 ] lj) [cf]7 P] != g;'xfFpbf] lsl;dn] df]6f] jf e2f cf]7 ePsf] jf x'g] . @= w]} cf]
7 rnfpg] w]} d'v rnfpg] d'vfn], ae'mjf eu8fn' . ~ hafkm gf) != ;f]rljrf guLsg tTsfn
g] hjfkm, 7f8f7f8} lbOg] hjfkm . @= clzi6 lsl;dsf] vf] jf 7f8f] hjfkm . cf]8 gf) [
cf]6] x]) cf]6 . cf]8j gf) [;+)] ;ft :jdWo] kfFr :j dfq k|of]u x'g] ;\uLtsf] fu . cf]
8f gf) [c\) jf8{] != :yfgLo If]qsf] lgjf{rgdf Pshgf hgk|ltlglw 5flgg tf]lsPsf] If]
q . @= s;}sf clwsfleqsf] Onfsf jf If]q . ~ cWoIf gf) ufpF jf gusf cf]8fsf] cWoIf .
~ ;ldlt gf) ;DalGwt cf]8fsf gu;ef;b\ jf

cf]u6\g' ;) lqm) [cu|jt{g] != s'g} 7fpFnfO{ c sf]xL cfpg'eGbf klxn] g} 5]sy'g ulfVg'
s;}nfO{ glbO{sg s'g} j:t'nfO{ sAhfdf lnOfVg' f]Sg' 5]Sg' cf]s6\g' . @= s'g} JolQm jf
k|f0fLljz]ifnfO{ cndNofP cGt hfg jf csf] x'g glbg' . #= s'g} j:t' jf JolQmn] cfk"m
elsf] 7fpF lng' . > cf]u6fO gf) cf]u6\g] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . cf]u6fpg' k|]) lqm)
cf]u6\g nfpg' . cf]ul6g' s) lqm) cf]u6fOdf kg{' . cf]5fO gf) [ cf]5fp (cfO)] cf]5fpg
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] cf]5fOg' c) lqm) cf]5fpg] sfd xf]Og' . cf]5fpg' c) l
qm) s'g} sfds'f ug{ cN5L dfGg' uF ls guF eg]em}F uL bf]dg x'g' sfds'f ug{ hfFu d]
]T;fx x'g' cN5L aGg' . cf]l5g' c) lqm) [cf]5\ofp O g'] != Hofb} ;fgf] jf t'R5h:tf] ag]
f]8fdlGt kg{' kfp kg{' z0f kg{' . @= JolQm jf j:t'sf d'lglt kg{' . #= cf]5\ofg aGg' l
l5g' lkmFlhg' k;flg' . $=km}lnP 5lg' . %= o'4 cflbdf dflg' ;f]lqg' . cf]5f] lj) [k
] s'g} dxj gePsf] ;fgf] ljrfsf] gu0o lsl;dsf] t'R5 . cf]5fO gf) [ cf]5fp (cfO)] c
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] cf]5fOg' s) lqm) cf]5fpg] sfd ulg' . cf]5fpg' ;) lqm) [cf]
p g'] != ;'sn ' , u'Gb|L jf cGo cf]5fpg] hldg, vf6 cflbdf la5fpg' cf]5fg lkmFhfpg' k;f
{' . @= o'4 cflbdf w]} dflg;nfO{ wdfwd df] ;f]t kfg{' . cf]5fpg] gf) [ gf) cf]5fg]
la:tf;fy a:g jf ;'Tgsf lglDt agfOPsf] j:t' (;'s'n, u'Gb|L, 8;gf O)) cf]5fg la5f}gf .
lj) @= la5fpg] cf]5fOg] . cf]5fg gf) [;+) cj5Ggs] != vf6, e'OF cflbdf a:g jf ;'Tgsf]
nflu km}nfOg] j:t' (u'Gb|L, bL, 8;gf, un}Frf O)) . @= pQm j:t'xdWo] vf; uL 8;gf la5
f}gf . cf]h gf) [;+) cf]h;] != JolQmsf] JolQmTj a9fpg] zlQm an k|tfk t]h :k"mlt{ . @=
k|sfz . #= k|f0fLnfO{ :j:y fVg] zfLls u'0f . $= sfJosf] Ps u'0f . cf]hg gf) [c) jhg
] x]) jhg . cf]hl:jtf gf) [;+)] != cf]h:jLkg t]hl:jtf . @= t]h :k"mlt{ . cf]h:jL lj)
[;+)] zLdf zlQm jf :k"mlt{ ePsf] cf]h ePsf] k|tfkL k|efjzfnL . fhGo gf) /fhffgL,
;b:o jf /fi6fWoIf / pgsL kTgLnfO{ k|bfg

cf]8fcf]a6\g' ufpF;ef;b\sf] ;ldlt . cf]8f gf) [pbf] != kxf8sf] kfvfleQfdf dflg; jf

LjhGt' a:g x'g] lsl;dn] ag]sf] vf]kfsf] cfsfsf] vfnL 7fpF u'kmf . @= kxf8kj{tdf ag]
sf] 7"nf] Kjfn Ejf e8\vff] sGbf . cf]8fn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) cjbng] l98f] jf cGo n]bf]
ksfpFbf kGo"F, bflanf] cflb ;fwgn] fd|L ldNg] uL a];L rnfpg' d:sfpg' x'8 F Ng' . > c
]8fnfO gf) cf]8fNg] jf cf]8flng] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . cf]8flng' s) lqm) != cf]8fN
g] sfd ulg' x'F8lng' . c) lqm) @= dgdf w]} s'f v]Ng' w]} kL kg{' . cf]8f] lqm) lj)
lhs cf] jlt . cf]9\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pkj]i6g] != hf8f] cflbaf6 aRgfsf lglDt Gofgf] s'g
'ufn] hDd} hLp jf s'g} c\u dfq 5f]Kg' cf]9\g]n] hLp 9fSg' . @= 3fdkfgLaf6 aRg 5ftf
, 3'd, 5qL cflb ;fwgn] zL 9fSg' . cf]9gL gf) [yf)] uhfn] ]6] ahfOg] tLgtf] afhf . cf]
fO gf) [ cf]9\ (cfO)] cf]9\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > cf]9fOg' s) lqm) != cf]9g \
nfOg' . @= cf]9g \ n ] ] 9flsg' . cf]9fpg' k|) ] lqm) != s;}nfO{ cf]9g \ ] j:t'n]
9flslbg' cf]9\g] j:t'n] 5f]Kg' . @= n'uf jf 5ftf cflb cf]9\g nfpg' cf]9\g] jf 5ft
f cflbn] 9fSg nfpg' . cf]l9g' s) lqm) cf]9\g] sfd ulg' cf]9\g]n] 9flsg' . cf]9f] gf)
[cf]9f]cf] ] != 3fd, kfgLaf6 aRgsf lglDt lzdfly cf]9\g] ;fwg -5ftf, 3'd O)_ . cf]
9\g] gf) [cf]9f]g]] != hf8f] cflbaf6 aRg hDd} hLp jf s'g} c
\u 9fSg] j:q (l;s, bf]nfO
F, k5f}f, asf]{ O)) . lj) @= cf]9\g ldNg] cf]9\g x'g] . #= cf]9\g] sfd ug]{ . cf]t!
gf) [;+) pb ] kfgLleq lgs}a ] 8'aN ' sL dfg{ ;Sg] Ps dT:oeIfL, :tgkfoL, peor k|f0f
L . cf]t@ gf) != [;+) cljt ] != rsf]{ 3fd, jif{f cflbaf6 hf]lug z0f lnOg] 7fpF 3fdk
fgL cflbn] ge]6\g] ;'lIft 7fpF cf]6 cf8 . @= cfkb\ljkb\ k]sf a]nfdf z0f lnOg] JolQm,
j:t' jf 7fpF cf8ef];f ;xff cf>o . cf]tk|ft ] lj) [;+)] != csf]{ j:t' jf s'f;Fu 5'
sg] uL d'l5Psf] Pscsf{;Fu fd|f]l;t ldl;Psf] . @= oGq jf xftff a'lgPsf] Pscsf{;Fu ufFl
Psf] . #= ;a}lt lkmFlhPsf] rf}lt JofKt ePsf] lj:t[t . $= leq lkmFlhPsf] cGtJof{Kt .
f]tfO gf) [ cf]t\ (cfO) ] cf]Tg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cf]tfOg' s) lqm) cf]T
g nfpg' . cf]tfpg' c) lqm != cf]ltg' . k|]) lqm @= cf]Tg nfpg' . cf]ltg' c) lqm) r
sf]{ 3fd, jiff{ cflbaf6 hf]lug ;'lIft 7fpFdf hfg' cf]t
166

nfUg' . cf]yf gf) x]) cf]yff] . cf]yfO gf) [ cf]yfp (cfO)] cf]yfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
mof . [ > ] cf]yfOg' s) lqm) cf]yfpg] sfd ulg' . kyfO gf) kfs]sf] eft cflb cf]yfpg]
k:sg] lqmof jf lsl;d . cf]yfpg' ;) lqm) [;+) cj :y ] kfls;s]kl5 eftcflbnfO{ r'nfaf6
lems] s]xL a] xg lbg' ys dfg{' ;]nfpg' . cf]yff] gf) [;+) cj:t ] != c08h hfltsf s
b kIfLn] cfgf csf klg k"mnaf6 rNnf sf9\gsf lglDt jf rNnf sfl9;s]kl5 ltgnfO{ cfgf Kj
fFvsf e'jfn] 5f]Kg] sfd . @= rfr'?\uL a:g] u'F8 cf]yf cf]y|f . cf]lyg' c) lqm) [cf]l
] kfs] r'nfaf6 lemls;s]sf] eft cflb s]xL lr;f] x'g' s]xL ;]nfpg' . cf]y | g' ;) lqm)
[cf]y|f] g' ] s'v'f cflb kIfLn] cfgf ;fy} flvPsf csf ;d]t k'mnnfO{ sf]Ng'eGbf klxn]
]k] a:g' cf]yff] a:g' cf]y|f a:g' cf]y|fpg' . cf]yf | gf) [cf]yff] ] x]) cf]yff] .
]yf | O gf) cf]yg | ] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . cf]yf | pg' ;) lqm) != cf]y|g' . k|])
lqm) @= cf]yf | a:g nfpg' . cf]ly|g ' s) lqm) cf]yf | al;g' . cf]y|f] gf) [ cf]yff]]
cf]yff] u'F8 . cf]b gf) [;+) pb|] hndf a:g] ljz]if lsl;dsf] lafnf] kfgLlafnf] cf]t
]bfg gf)x]) cf]wfg . cf]bf\g' ;) lqm) [;+) cjbf0f] != cf}hfff hldgsf] df6f] v's'nf]
' vGg' vf];|g' . @= lgld{t 3 cflbnfO{ eTsfpg' etfe'\u kfg{' . > cf]bffO gf) cf]bfg]{
l;d, lqmof jf efj . cf]bflg' s) lqm) cf]bfg]{ sfd ulg' . cf]bfofpg' k|]) lqm) cf]bfg{
nfpg' . cf]bfn gf) [;+) p2f] kf6 agfpg] sfddf ufO{e}F;L cflbsf] 3fF;sf kdf k|of]u
ulg] 7"nf kft x'g] Ps hftsf] v . cf]b|f gf) [;+) p2f] h'Ogfsf] kdf k|of]u ulg] kf6 cf
bsf] af]qmf] . cf]bf | ] gf) [cf]y|f] ] 3sf] dfn;fdfg fVg] sf]7f . cf]wfgcf]wfgL gf)
[;+) cjwfg] efF8f a;fNgsf] nflu an]sf] cu]gfdfly flvg] tLg v'f ePsf] kmnfd] ;fwg cf
]bfg . > cf]wfg] lj) cf]wfgh:tf] cfsfsf] . cf]kL gf) [;+) jfkL] ;fgf] hnfzo s'jf jfkL
. cf]a6\g' ;) lqm) [;+) pb\jt{g g'] zLnfO{ ;kmf, ;'Gb agfpgsf lgldQ a'sj ' f cflb 3:g
. > cf]a6fO gf) cf]a6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . cf]a6fpg' k|]) lqm) cf]a6\g] sfd
ufpg' . cf]al6g' s) lqm) cf]a6\g] sfd ulg' .

167

cf]afOcf]N6f] afa kms{g' . @= cf]N6g'kN6g' . cf]sf{Okmsf{O gf) cf]sg { k ] ms{g] lqm

of jf k|lqmof cf]N6fOkN6fO . cf]sL{kmsL{ gf) km]lkm]l kms]{ cfpg], x]g]{ jf s]xL ug]{
lqmof . @= sf]N6]kmsf{O . cf]ofO gf) [pkb|f ] ofOF] grflxFbf] sfd pkb|j, pkb|fOF cf
fOF . cf]n{g' c) lqm) [cf]fnf] g'] != dflyaf6 tnlt emg{' cf]fnf] nfUg' . @= 3u[x:yL
cGo Jojxf lau|Fb} hfg' 3\3f6 x'g' cjglt x'g' . > cf]nf{O gf) cf]n{g] lsl;d, lqmof jf
fj . cf]ln{g ' c) lqm) cf]n]{sf] xf]Og' cf]n{g' . cf]n gf) [;+)] != Ps} e]6\gfdf nf
dfnfdf w]} kft x'g] afFsfsf] h:tf] gLnf] k"mn k'mNg], xlof] 3f]ufdf ftf, kx]Fnf kmn
kmNg] 7"nf] sGb x'g] ;fgf] Ps af]6 Ps k|sfsf] h\unL sGb cf]ns ;"0f . lj) @= leh]sf
;f] . cf]nscf]nv gf) [jns] != df]xL, }tLxn] tlN;nfO{ lbg Nofpg] sf];n ] L jns . @= s
Ps k|sf . > cf]ns] lj) cf]ns lbg] cf]ns;DaGwL cf]nssf] cf]Ns] . cf]ng gf) [;+) cf]ln
s] != ufO{e}F;L b'x'Fbf b'x'g]n] af5f kf8fsf] lglDt y'gd} c8\sn] 5f]l8Psf] b"w . @
= b"w . cf]nf gf) [;+) pkn] cl;gf . cf]lnGsf7 gf) x]) plnGsf7 . cf]n];L gf) ef]hg :j
flbnf] ?lrs agfpg ;fydf vfOg] kbfy{ l;tg . cf]lNsg' ;) lqm) lax]df bdfO{Fxn] hGtLnfO
afhfufhf ahfO{ ;fy lnP hfg' . cf]lNrg' c) lqm) [ cf]lN;g'] != csf{sf] dfgdof{bf gfvL
jf cba, 8, wfs cflb gdfgL s'f ug{' x]k] jf xf]RofP s'f ug{' . @= s;}nfO{ cnu ug{' 5
g' . cf]lN5g' c) lqm) [ cf]lN;g'] ;fukft cflb xlof] tsfL l3pt]ndf jf To;} cf]OlP s]
]N6fOkN6fO kfbf{ kfs]h:tf] x'g' . > cf]N5fO gf) cf]lN5g] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . cf]
N5fpg' ;) lqm) ;fukft cflb xlof tsfL l3p t]ndf jf To;} cf]OlP s]xL a] cf]N6fOkN6fO
fs]h:tf] agfpg' . cf]N6g' c) lqm) [pN6f] g'] Psflt kms{g' pN6g' . kN6g' c) lqm) cf]s
kms{g' . > cf]N6fOkN6fO gf) w]} kN6fOxg] lqmof jf k|lqmof cf]sf{Okmsf{O . cf]N6fsf]N
6f gf) [(l)) sf]N6f] != otfptf kms{g] lqmof cf]sg { k ] ms{g] lqmof cf]N6g]kN6g] lqm
of . lqm) lj) @= otfptf cunaun jk . #= stfslt . cf]N6L gf) != C0f lnPafkt s;}nfO{ aGw
s fVg] lqmof afFwf fVg] lqmof . @= C0f lnPafkt aGws a;]sf] dflg; . cf]N6f] lj) [ pN6f
]] ;f]emf] b[li6 gkg]{ cfFvf;fd' gkg]{

cf]afO gf) [ cf]afp (cfO)] cf]afpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cf]afOg' s) lqm) !
= cf]afgf] kflg' ;'sfOg' . c) lqm) @= cf]afgf] xf]Og' . cf]afpg' ;) lqm) [cf]afgf]cf
pg'] != cf]afgf] kfg{' . c) lqm) @= cf]afgf] x'g' . cf]afg'cf]afgf] lj) != kfgL jf
lr;f]kg gePsf] kfgL ;'ss ] f] ;'vf] ;'Svf cf]efg' cf]efgf] . @= l;Fb' gePsf] (l;pFbf]
. cf]e lj) af]) [c
\)] != cfsfzjf0fLdf s;};Fu s'fsfgL ubf{ ;dfKt ePsf] hgfpg] zAb .
lj) @= ;lsPsf], ;dfKt . ~ sf]6 gf) 3fF6Lb]lv lkF8'nf;Dd cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] nfdf] s
f]6 Xjfnf{
u \ ] sf]6 . ~ 6fOd gf) s'g} sfds'f ubf{ lgwf{lt ;doeGbf a9L ;do cltlQm ;d
~ 6fOd eQf gf) cf]e6fOddf sfd u]afkt kfpg] cltlQm kfl>lds . ~ nf]8 gf) af]Sg ;Sg] jf
c6fpg ;Sg]eGbf a9L efL yfDg ;Sg]eGbf a9L af]em . l;o gf) 3, k'n, af6f] cflb agfpg] s
dsf] lgLIfs OlGhlgoeGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] ljz]if1 . xn gf) ;fOsn, df]6 cflb oflGqs ;;fd
f] k"} dDdt, ;;kmfO cflb . cf]efO gf) [ cf]efp (cfO)] x]) cf]afO . cf]efOg' s) lqm)
afOg' . cf]efpg' ;) lqm) cf]afpg' . cf]efg'cf]efgf] lj)x]) cf]afg" . cf]dfx gf) [c) p
df] k|frLgsfndf pkTosfaflx ;}lgs t}gfy ug{ v8f ulPsf] kb pdfj . cf] lqm) lj) [cf]6]
glhs j jlt . gf) of]) @= glhs (pbf) d cf] cfpmF ls < ) . klZrdf gf) != c5fd, afh'
af]lng] g]kfnL efiffsf] s'g} Ps eflifsf . lj) @= lgs6klR5dL . cf]Nx{g' c)lqm)x]) c
f]n{g' . cf]f lj) [cf] cf] yf]} cToGt w]} eGg] cy{ hgfpg k|Zgjfrs lgif]wjfrs jfSo
ulg] zAb . (pbf) cf]f cfgGb n'l6of] < cf]f cfgGb n'l6Pg) . cf]f\u6 ' g gf) [c\)
f] af]lg{of] ;'dfqfsf 6fk'sf h\undf kfOg] jgdfG5] . cf]fn\g' ;) lqm) [cf]fnf] g'] s
olQm jf j:t'nfO{ dflyaf6 tnlt emfg{' tnlt Nofpg' cf]xf| Ng' . > cf]flng' s) lqm) cf]
] sfd ulg' cf]x|flng' . cf]fnL gf) [cf]fnf] O{] x]) cf]fnf] . ~ psfnL gf) cf]fnf]
@= pTyfg ktg . cf]fnf] gf) [;+) cjt0f <] != tnlt 9fn k]sf] :yn lefnf] 7fpF cf]x|
lj) @= cf]n{g'kg]{ lefnf] . cf]L! lqm) lj) [cf] O{] cfTdLo cfkmGt kIfw . cf]L@ gf
j] abdf;L cf]ofOF pkb|fOF . cf]s{g'kms{g' ;) lqm) [(l)) kms{g'] != cf]sL{kmsL{ ug{'

cf]N6fkN6fcf]x | fOF . sf]N6f] lqm) lj) x]) cf]N6fsf]N6f . cf]N6fkN6f gf) [(l
6f vfg] sfd kN6gafhL vfg] sfd cf]N8f aN8f . x]) cf]N6fOkN6fO . cf]N8faN8f gf)
]N6f kN6f . cf]N;g'cf]lN;g' c) lqm) [;+) ckZnyg] x]) cf]lN5g' . > cf]N:ofO gf) cf
cf]N:ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . cf]N:ofOg' s) lqm) cf]N;g] kflg' . cf]N:ofpg' k|) ] lqm) c
f]N;g] kfg{' jf kfg{ nufpg' . cf]N:ofx6 gf) cf]lN;g] lqmofk|lqmof . cf]iflwcf]ifwL g
f) [;+) cf]iflw] != cf}ifwLsf kdf jf cf}ifwLsf sfddf k|of]u x'g] h8La'6L jg:klt .
@= kmn kfs]kl5 ;'Sg] af]6la?jf . gfy gf) rGb|df . cf]i7 gf) [;+)] cf]7 . :yfgL lj)
cf]7af6 jf cf]7df 7Ss nfu] pRrlt x'g] -j0f{_ cf]i7:yfgaf6 pRrlt x'g] cf]i7:yfg ePsf]
]i7 (p kju{sf j0f{) . cf]i7 lj) [;+)] != cf]7;DaGwL cf]7sf] . @= cf]i7:yfgaf6 pRrf0f
x'g] (j0f{) . gf) #= cf]i7:yfgLo j0f{ (k,km,a,e,d O)) . ~ bGTo lj) tNnf] cf]7nfO{
dflyNnf] bfFtn] 5f]P pRrf0f ulg] (Jo~hg) bGtf]i7 . cf]; gf) [k|f) c:;fj] != ftLsf]
f] xfjfaf6 kfgL ag] a;{g] hns0f zLt . @= e'OFsf] lr;f] lr:ofg . #= xfjfdf x'g] kfgL
sf] c+z . cf]; rf6] ltvf{ db}{g (pvfg) cf];f gf) [;+) cj>o0fL ] d"n9f]sfaflxsf] bnfg
l;s'jf . cf];fpg' c) lqm) [cf];f cfp g'] ufO{e}F;Ln] afnL x'g jf ;fxf vf]Hg nfUg' v]lb
' ;]lkg' . cf];fO gf) [ cf];fp (cfO)] cf];fpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] cf];fOg' c
) lqm) cf];fPsf] xf]Og' . cf];fpg' c) lqm) [cf]; cfp g'] != cf]; jf ;bL{ nfUg] lsl;dsf
] x'g' cf]l;nf] x'g' lr;f] x'g' 9fl8g' . @= tftf] j:t' lr;f] x'g' ;]nfpg' cf]yfpg' .
cf];f\g' ;) lqm) [;+) ck;f0f] s'g} j:t' Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf Nofpg' jf n}hfg' . c
f];f gf) [;+) ck;0f] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf s'g} j:t' ;fg]{ lqmof jf sfd dfn;fdfgsf
] v]k ug]{ lqmof jf
(7fpF)
168

sfd cf];ff] . k;f gf) dfn;fdfg Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf afa Nofpg] n}hfg]sfd kljxg
ffO gf) [ cf];f\ (cfO)] cf];fg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] cf];flg' s) lqm) cf];fg
sfd ulg' . cf];ff] gf) [cf];fcf]] x]) cf];f . k;ff] gf) cf];fk;f . cf]l;g' c)
x]) cf];fpg' . cf]l;nf] lj) [cf]; Onf]]] cf]; jf ;bL{ nfUg] lsl;dsf] cf]; ePsf] clncl
n lr;f] lr;ldf] ;]lknf] . cf];L gf) wfuf] jf sk8f gLnf] kfg{'kbf{ l~htsfn] k|of]u ug]
gLnf] gL . cf];]f] gf) [cf];f] != bfpf fVg 3glhs ag]sf] s6]f] . @= l9sLs6]
f]:ofp (cfO)] cf]:ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] cf]:ofOg' s) lqm) cf]:ofpg] kflg'
. cf]:ofpg' k|) ] lqm) [cf]l;ofpg'] cf];fpg' . > cf]:ofx6 gf) cf]:ofpg] lqmof jf k|l
qmof . cf]x lj) af]) [;+) cxf]] xif{, cfZro{, z]fs, b'Mv cflbsf cj:yfdf d'vaf6 lg
:sg] zAb cxf] . cf]xbf gf) [c) cxb] != s'g} ;sfL jf u};sfL sfof{no, ;+:yf cflbsf sd{
jf kbflwsfLsf] bhf{ kb . @= s;}sf] cfly{s :t jf of]Uotf x}l;ot cf}sft Nofst . bf
} bhf{ jf kbdf ePsf] cf]xbfdf ePsf] . cf]xfnL gf) v]t f]Kbf ufOg] t c;f]eGbf a]Un} vf
nsf] s'g} syfdf cfwflt Ps lsl;dsf] uLt . cf]xf] lj) af]) [;+) cxf]] x]) cf]x cxf] .
cf]xf]bf gf) [cf]xbf] x]) cf]xbf . jfnf lj) cf]xbfbf . cf]xf]bf]xf] gf) [(l))bf]
f]xf]f]bf]xf]f] . > cf]xf]Lbf]xf]L gf) cf]xf]f]bf]xf]f] . > cf]xf]f]bf]xf]f] gf)
;dft] v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . @= cfpg]hfg] efj, qmd jf k|lqmof cfjthfjt cfjfudg
. #= b'O{ yLsf aLrdf x'g] s'g} ljifo jf s'fsf] pQk|To'Q . $= cfbfgk|bfg n]gb]g . cf]
x|fn\g' ;) lqm) x]) cf]/fNg' . cf]x|fnf] gf)lj) x]) cf]/fnf] . cf]x|fOF gf) x]) cf]o
.

169
cf}cf}tf

cf}
cf}! ;+:s[t j0f{dfnfsf] rf}wf}F tyf b]jgfu/L j0f{dfnfsf]
vf; rngrNtLsf :j/j0f{ d Wo] P3f/f} F :j/j0f{ kDk/fut kdf s07cf]i7:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'
g] bL3{ :jj0f{ dflgPsf] / efifflj1fgcg';f/ s]Gb|Lo c4{aGb laGb'af6 yfnL kZraGb la
Gb'df k'uL 6'\lug] l:j/ . cf}@ ;+of]) [;+) ck] b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L zAb jf jfSonfO{
hf]8\g] ;+of]hs c clg tyf . cf}6 \g' gf) [ cdnt'g'] l;of]n] nfdf km6\sf u] j
' . > cf}6fg{' ;) lqm) cf}F6g{' . cf}6ffO gf) cf}F6fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . cf}6flg'
qm) nfdf km8\sf u] 6fsf dfL l;Og' . F Lsf] lt) )] x]) cf}7 F f] . ~ 5fk gf) != s'g} c
f}7 f gf) [cf}7 n] g b] g jf sff] a f ubf{ k| d f0f:jk n] l vPsf] sfutkqdf nufOg] xf
tsf a"9L cf}n F fsf] NofKr] ;xL5fk . @= ;f] ;xL5fk nufpg df];f] jf d;L w;L a"9L c
f}n F fn] sfutdf lyRg] sfo{ . cf}7L gf) [;+) c
\u'i7L] zf]efsf nflu cf}Fnfdf nufOg],
d'Gb|Lsf cfsfsf] ;'g jf rfFbLsf] uxgf c
\ul' nsf cFu7 ' L. 5fkf gf) != JolQmsf] gfd
+jt\ vf]lkPsf], cf}7 F Ldf hl8g] wft' jf xlsasf] ;fgf] 5fk . cf}7f] gf) [;+) c
\u'i7
] != xft jf uf]8fsf] ;aeGbf df]6f] cf}Fnf] a"9L cf}Fnf] cFu'7f] . @= cFu'7fsf] 5fk
NofKr] ;xL . cf}f] gf) [;+) c
\s' ] cd|f] ;fngfn . cf}n fcf}n f] gf) [;+) c
\un
xft jf uf]8fsf] cluNnf] efudf g
jf g
\u|f;lxtsf kfFr 8f]nf c
\udWo] s'g} Ps . > cf}Nof
O gf) cf}FNofpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . cf}NofOg' s) lqm) cf}Fnfn] b]vfOg' . cf}N of
pg' ;) lqm) != s'g} JolQm, j:t' jf 7fpF cflbnfO{ cf}n F f] t]:of{P b]vfpg' cf}Fnfn]
tf]s] lgb]{zg ug{' cf}Fnfn] b]vfpg' c
\u'nLlgb]{z ug{' . @= s'g} JolQm, j:t', :yfg c
flbtkm{ ;
\s]t ug{' O;ff ug{' . cf}; f gf) w]} af;L jf ;8]un]sf df;' c To:t} kbfy{
hLjhGt'sf 3fpdf lemFufn] k'mn kf]kl5 To;}af6 ljsl;t x'g] ;fgf;fgf, k|foM ;]tf sLf
sf aLhk sLfxsf] ljsf;sf] bf];|f] cj:yfsf] hLj . cf}l ;of lj) [cf}; F LOof] cf}; F L
lbg hGd]sf] cf}: F ofxf . cf}; L gf) [;+) cdfj:of] rfGb|df;cg';f s[i0fkIfsf] clGtd
ltly cdfjf:of cdfj:of cdf . > cf}:ofxf lj) x]) cf}Fl;of . cf}:ofxL lj) cf}F;Lsf lbg
]sL . cf}sftcf}uft gf) [c) cf}sft] != s'g} JolQmsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, af}l4s l:ylt
jf cj:yf . @= s'g} JolQmsf] cfo To;cg';f p;n] ug{ ;Sg] vr{sf] l:ylt, cj:yf jf :t x}
l;ot ;fauf; as{t Nofut . cf}lrTo gf) [;+)] plrt x'gfsf] efj pko'Sttf plrtkgf . ~ k|fw
Gojfb gf) sfJosf] rgf ubf{ ljifofg'k plrt lsl;dn] ;a} s'f cfjZostfg';f 7Ls7Ls ldn]sf]
x' g ' k 5{ eGg] jf o:tf] x' g ' n fO{ sfJosf] cfTdtj dfGg] ;+:s[t cfrfo{ If]d]G
b|ff k|ltkflbt Ps l;4fGt . ~ ;Dk|bfo gf) sfJosf ;a} c
\uk|To
\usf] plrt ljsf; ;
\u7g e
5 dfq sfJosf ;f}Gbo{sf] ;[hgf x'g ;S5 eg] dfGg] cfrfo{ If]dG ] b|ff k|jlt{t ;flxToz
f:qLo ;Dk|bfo . cf}h; gf) [;+) ckoz] ckoz cksLlt{ . cf}hf gf) [c)] ljleGg yLsf sflnu8
n] cfgf] k];f;Fu ;DalGwt sfdsf lglDt k|of]u ug]{ ljleGg ;;fdfg Hofan xftxltof . cf}6f
k|To) [ cf]6f ] ;
\VofjfrL zAbsf kl5lNt nfUg] To:tf] zAbnfO{ ljz]if0f agfpg] Ps k|To
o (pbf) rff}6f, kfFrf}6f O)) cf]6f uf]6f . cf}8j gf)[;+)] ;
\uLtsf ;ft :jdWo] s'g} b'
:jnfO{ jlh{t uL kfFr :j dfq k|of]u u] ufOg] fusf] Ps k|sf . cf}8fxf gf) [;+) cjbfx]
'g} lrGtf, Joyf cflbaf6 dgdf x'g] hng dfgl;s Joyf 56k6L ps';d's; ' . @= 3fd, udL{ c
flbsf] cflwSon] ubf{ x'g] vf]kg cltzo udL{sf] l:ylt . cf}tfO gf) [ cf}tfp (cfO)] cf}t
fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof [>] cf}tfOg' c) lqm) cf}tfpg] xf]Og' . cf}tfpg' c) lqm)
[;+) cfs'n g'] != s;}n] ug{ nfu]sf] sfd jf OR5fdf ePsf] s' f s] xf] n f, s;f] xf]
n f egL lrGtf lng' . @= rf}rf} nfUg' pTsl07t x'g' . #= cflQg' . cf}tf gf) [;+) cjtf]
!= j}i0fj wf0ffcg';f lji0f' eujfg\n] k[YjLdf lnPsf ljleGg hGd (df5f], s5'jf, jfx,
g[l;+x, fd, s[i0f O)) dWo] s'g} Ps cjtf . @= s'g} b]jtf;Fu t'ngf ug{ of]Uo dfG5] (p
bf) tF t lzjs} cf}tf lx5;\) . #= b]jtfn] u|x0f ug]{ jf ljleGg e]ifdWo] s'g} Ps .

cf}tf/Lcf}nf] cf}tfL lj) [;+)] != af}4wd{ jf l;4;Dk|bfocg';f cfkm}F pTkGg ePsf] hGdhG
dftsf] 36gfl;t cjut cfgf] OR5fcg';f k|s6 x'g nf]k x'g ;Sg] (JolQm) cGtof{dL cjtfL
nfdf gf) cf}tfL u'0f ePsf] nfdf . > cf}tf] lj) cf}tfL . cf}tfnL gf) x]) ck'tfnL . cf}
s07 gf) [;+)] != pTsl07t x'g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= pTs07f . cf}TklQs lj) [;+)
] pTklQ;DawL pTklQsf] . cf}T;'So gf) [;+)] pTs07f x]) pT;'stf . cf}bfo{ gf) [;+)] x]
) pbftf . cf}bf:o gf) [;+)] pbf;Lg x'gfsf] efj pbf;Lgtf . cf}bD ' a lj) [;+)] != 8'dL
| sf] 8'dL | ;DaGwL . gf) @= a|fXd0f hfltsf] Ps ju{ . cf}4To gf) [;+)] p4t x'gfsf]
efj p208tf pR5[v \ ntf . cf}bl \ eb lj) [;+)] != e'OF kmf] ] lg:sg] jf pd|g] e'OF k
pd]|sf] e'OFk'mf . gf) @= 5xfsf] kfgL . #= l;Fw] g'g . cf}Bf]lus lj)[;+)] != pB]ful
;t ;DalGwt pBf]usf] . @= pBd;Fu ;DalGwt pBdsf] . ~ qmflGt gf) != o'f]kdf ;g\ !*%!b]lv
cf}krfls kdf cfDe eP ;g\ !(%! df 6'\luPsf] Ps Jofj;flos cfGbf]ng . @= pBf]usf If]qdf
x'g] Jofks kljt{g jf ljsf; . ~ If]q gf) sn sfvfgf, pBf]uwGbfsf lglDt k|zf;gff lgwf{l
lPsf] If]q . ~ tYo gf) pBf]uwGbfl;t ;DalGwt k|fdfl0fs s'f snsfvfgf;DaGwL oyfy{ ljj0f
~ gu gf) snsfvfgf pBf]uwGbfsf nflu :yflkt cf}klgj]lzs zx . ~ afnL gf) vfg] s ' fs
ltlQm cGo pkof]udf cfpg] afnL gub] afnL (Sof;qmk) . ~ Joj;fo gf) sDkgLsfg'gsf cg'zf;
gdf xL nfe xfl;n ug]{ p2]Zon] nufgL nufP ulg] Joj;fo . ~ zlQm gf) != pBf]usf nflu cf
jZos ;fwg jf >d . @= pBf]usf b[li6n] cu|0fL dflgg] b]z . ~ ;]jf gf) != pBf]u;DaGw
L ;]jf . @= pBf]usf dfWodaf6 ulg] ;dfh;]jf . > cf} B f] u Ls0f gf) != ljleGg snsfvfg
f tyf pBf]uwGbfsf] :yfkgf tyf ;~rfng u] b]znfO{ pBf]uk|wfg agfpg] sfo{ . @= pBf]us
f] cfDe, ljsf; jf pGglt . cf}wL lqm) lj) [;+)] !=w]} lgs} cToGt} . gf) @= pkb|f] km6
abdf;L . cf}krfls lj) [;+)] != lzi6frfsf] kfngsf lglDt ulPsf] lzi6frf;'xfpFbf] . @= l
odfg';f ePsf] lgodk"j{ssf] Lltk"j{ssf] b:t'adf]lhdsf] . #= f]ulgjf0fsf lgldQ ulg]
wL . ~ efiff gf) != efif0f cflbdf jf
170

s;}l;t cf}krflskdf s'fsfgL ubf{ af]lng] efiff . @= sfg'gL jf j}wflgs efiff lgod;DaGw
L efiff . #= x[bosf] efj n'sfO{ nf]nf]kf]tf] b]vfpg] p2]Zon] af]lng] s[lqd af]nL
. ~ lzIff gf) lzIf0f;+:yfaf6 Lt k'ofP u|x0f ulPsf] lzIff . cf}kb]lzs lj) [;+)] != pk
]z;DaGwL . @= csf{nfO{ pkb]z lbg] jf lzIff lbg] sfdaf6 hLjgofkg ug]{ (JolQm) . c
f}klgj]lzs lj) [;+)] != pklgj]z;DaGwL pklgj]zdf x'g] pklgj]zsf] . @= pklgj]zdf a:g]
pklgj]zlgjf;L . cf}kGofl;s lj) [;+)] != pkGof;df ePsf] pkGof;df kfOg] pkGof;sf] pkGo
f;;DaGwL . @= pkGof;sf lsl;dsf] pkGof;h:tf] . #= cgf}7f] lsl;dsf] cb\e't . ~ rlq gf)
!= pkGof;;'xfpFbf] rlq . @= cgf}7f] rlq . cf}kklQs lj) [;+)] != o'lQm jf pkklQn] o
'Qm ePsf] o'lQm;\ut pkklQo'Qm . @= ts{ff l;4 ug{ ;lsg] jf l;4 x'g] k|df0fff k'i6 ug
g] . cf}k;lu{s lj) [;+)] != pk;u{af6 ag]sf] pk;u{;DaGwL . cf}kl:ys lj) [;+)] cg}lts
of}gJojxfaf6 hLljsf rnfpg] Jolerfaf6 hLljsf rnfpg] . cf}; gf) [;+)] ljjflxtf :qLaf6
hGd]sf] 5f]f] j}wflgs k'q 7f 5f]f] . cf}Wj{b]lxs lj) [;+)] !=d]sf JolQmsf p2]Zon] b;
g;Dd ulg] d[t JolQm;DaGwL (sfhlqmof) . gf) @= k|]tsd{ . cf}n gf) [;+) cfs'n] != a];
L jf dw]zsf] ;Dd udL{ 7fpF . @= To:tf] 7fpFdf nfDv'] nfUg] x'Fbf To;af6 km}ng] sf
dHjf] dn]lof cf}nf] . cf}nfb gf) [c)] ;Gtfg . cf}nfwf}nf gf) [cf}nt bf}nt] 5f]f5f]L
;'v ;DklQ ;Gtlt k|z:t ;DklQ kf}nf] . cf}lnof! gf) [c)] O:nfd wd{ jf d'l:nd ;Dk|bfosf
] ;Gt jf afaf . cf}lnof@ lj) [cf}nf] Oof] cf}nf] nfu]sf] cf}nsf] Hjf] afa cfpg] cf}nn
|:t . ~ ao gf) cf}n nfUg] 7fpFdf nxfdf kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] kmn sf]n . cf}nL gf) [yf)] wf
sfl6;s]kl5 yfxff dgfOg] Ps pT;j . cf}n ] lj) [cf}n P] cf}nsf] cf}n;DaGwL cf}lnof (H
~ hf] gf) cf}nn] ubf{ cfpg] hf] sfdhf] . cf}nf] gf) [cf}n cf]] != x]) cf}n . lj) @=
n nfUg] cf}lnof . ~ pGd"ng gf) cf}nf] Nofpg] nfDv']nfO{ ;dfKt uL cf} n f] s f] f] u f
0f' n fO{ lgd{ " n kfg] { lqmof

171

cf}jf7]pjfcf}:of cf}iDo lj) [;+)] != u|Lid Ct';DaGwL udL{;DaGwL pmid;DaGwL . gf) @= p

i0ftf . cf};t gf) [c)] != ;fnfvfnf ;b . lj) @= aLrsf] ;fwf0f . ~ tna gf) s'g} ;+:yf
sfof{nosf sd{rfLxn] ;b jf ;fnfvfnf kdf kfpg] tna . ~ tfk gf) clwstd Go"gtd tfksf] ;
;fnfvfnf tfk . ~ jiff{ gf) clwstd Go"gtd jif{fsf] ;b jf ;fnfvfnf jiff{ . cf}; gf) [;
) cj;] != cj; df}sf ofd tfs . @= ckfw lafd uNtL e"n . > cf};jfbL lj) cj;jfbL
};lof lj) != ljb|f]xL . @= cj;jfbL . cf};fgL gf) [;+) ckf]zfg] != j}lbs ;+:s[ltcg';f
ef]hg ug{e ' Gbf klxn] b]jtf jf lkt[sf lglDt lbOg] kfFr lrD6L cGg aln . @= eft vf
g'eGbf klxn] xftdf kfgL lnP cfgf] cufl8sf] ef]hgsf] jlkl 3'dfpg] lqmof cK;fgL . #= ue
{jtL cfOdfO{nfO{ vfg]s'f vfFbf nfUg] jfsjfsL uXgfpg] . cf}:of lj) [cf}F;L of ] gldNbf
] :jefjsf] cf]vkf\u|] .

jf cleofg . > cf}Nofxf lj) cf}nf]sf] cf}nf] nfUg] cf}lnof . cf}jf7]pjf gf) [(l)) 7]pj
] gLns07 rf] . cf}ifw gf) [;+)] != cf}ifwLsf sfddf cfpg] ljleGg jg:klt h8La'6L . @=
f]u lgsf] kfgf{sf lgldQ ljleGg h8La'6L ldnfO{ k|of]u ulg] cf}ifwL cf]vtL . > cf}if
wfno gf) f] u sf] pkrf ug] { cfjZostfg' ; f f]uLxnfO{ egf{;d]t ug]{ 3 c:ktfn . cf
t lj) != ;w}F cf}ifwL ulxg'kg]{ . @= cf}ifwLsf edf afFr]sf] . cf}iflwcf}ifwL gf) [;+)
!= f]u lgsf] kfg]{ jf zL tGb'?:t kfg]{ j:t' cf]vtL . @= pkfo k|oTg . ~ lj1fg gf) cf}
fwLsf] lgd{f0f, k|of]u, k|ltlqmof cflbsf ;DaGwdf lj:t[t rrf{ ePsf] zf:q cf}ifwL;D
aGwL ljifosf] hfgsfL ufpg] zf:q vfg] nfpg] cf}ifwL;Fu ;DalGwt lj1fg . j]Qf gf) cf}i
wLlj1fgsf] ljz]if1 (lkmlhl;og) . cf}ifwf]krf gf) [;+)] cf}ifwL ;]jg ulg] pkrf . ~ ;f
k6L gf) s'g} ;+:yf jf sfof{non] cfgf sd{rfLxnfO{ s'g} f]u nfu]sf] pkrf ufpg lbg] ;xf
jf ;fk6L .

ssqmfO
172

s
!= b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] klxnf] j0f{ s07:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g], :kzL{, c
Nkk|f0f tyf c3f]if Wjlg n]Vokdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg sk'L s . @
= s'g} j:t', ljifo jf s'fsf] juL{s0f jf d"Nof\sg ubf{ klxnf] jf pDbf >]0fLnfO{ 5'fO{
lrgfpg k|of]u ulg] >]0fLaf]ws cIf;\s]t n]vfOsf qmddf ljifoj:t'sf] juL{s0f jf ljefhgpk
jefhgsf lglDt Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|of]u ulFbf lbOg] qmdaf]ws klxnf] lrXg . slrof lj) [sfF
rf]Oof] != sfFrf]kg afFsL x]sf] gkfs]sf] . @= fd|L g;'s]sf] (v, bfpf cflb) . sl7gL
fF7]OgL] != sfF7df a:g] sfF7df 3 x'g] jf xg] (:qL) . gf) @= sfF7] cfOdfO{ sfF7] k'?if
sL kTgL . s8ff] gf) sfdL ;ls{gLaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg sfdLsf] tyfslyt tNnf] sf]l6 . :qL)
sF8fgL{ . s8fnL gf) [;+) s08L] k|foM k"hf;fdfg, kmnk"mn, tsfL c ;fdfg cflb xflng],
mG8f] ePsf] rf]ofsf] jf wft'sf] efF8f] . s8s ] z ] L gf) [sfF8 ] s]zL] u'nfkmsf] h:t}
kft x'g] h
\unL sfF8] k"mnsf] af]6 . s8r ] d]nL gf) [sfF8 ] rd]nL] af]6df sfF8f ePsf
], slgsfh:tf kft x'g], rd]nLsf] h:t} af:gf cfpg] ;]tf]
\usf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf]
rd]nL k"mn jf To;sf] af]6 . s8n ] gf) [;+) sjL] != ljleGg
\usf k"mn k'mNg], Ps laQf
Ddsf] nfdf] sla Ps c
\u'n rf}8f kft x'g] lavfn' af]6 sjL . @= g]kfnLxsf] Pp6f y . s
f) [sfFwPpnL] b'jk } l efL e'mG8fP sfFwdf af]Sg] sf7 jf afF; cflbsf] 3f]rf] gf]n . s
f) sFWof}L [sfFwPL] sfFwdf leg]{ j:q sfFw] . swn ] L gf) [sfFwPnL] sFw]L sFw]pnL .
) [ sfFlw (ofO)] sfFlwg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > sWofOg' s) lqm) != sfFlwg] kflg' s
Flwg nfOg' . @= df]6fOg' . sWofpg' k|) ] lqm) != sfFlwg] kfg{' . @= df]6f] agfOg'
. sWofxf lj) [sfFwofxf] != em}emu8f cflbdf Ps kIfnfO{ axsfP csf]{ kIfsf lj?4 prfNg] a
f]sfxf . @= sfFw] sFw]pL . skfO gf) [ sfFk\ (cfO)] sfFKg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof sDkg
[ > ] skfOg' s) lqm) sfFKg nufOg' sfFKg] kflg' sDk ufOg' . skfpg' k|) ] lqm) sfFKg]
pg] kfg{' sDk ufpg' sdfpg' .
s

sj gf) [;+) s'df] != sgkmf hf]uLsf] sd{ grn]sf] cyf{t\ sfg glr]sf] ;Gtlt . @= x]) s'F
. s+; gf) [;+)] != eftsf] dy'f k|bz ] df fHo ug]{ pu|;g ] sf 5f]f jf s[i0fsf dfdfsf]
gfd . lj) @= b'h{g cTofrfL . spn! gf) [uf]n<] cfufsf] eefpFbf] lkmln
\uf] cFu7 ] e'
] . spn@ gf) [g]jf) sjM] x]) sjn . ss8L gf) [;+) ss{6L] lrlGr8f] jf nfdf] l3f}Fnfh
:tf], sfFqmfsf] hftsf], k|foM udL{ ;dodf afn'jfk|wfg lr;ldf] hldgdf kmNg] kmn nDsf
FqmL . ssgg gf) [af) af])] cWoog k9fO . ~ ug{' 6') fd|L afRg jf k9\g g;sL sgLsgL k9\g
' . ] sf :qLhfltn] gf8Ldf ssgL gf) [;+) s
\s0fL] != tfO{ k|bz nufpg] sfF; jf lkQnsf]
r'fsf cfsfsf] uxgf . @= kfgLsf] wff] jf To:tf] wff] ePsf] cf]:ofOnf] 7fpF . #= sf7d
f8f}Fsf] pQklZrddf x]sf] Ps bz{gLo :yn . ssg' gf) [;+) s
\s0f] r'f] afnf . ssL gf) [
s{6L] ss8L . dsL gf) ds}, e6df; cflb ;fdfGo vfg]s'f . ss; ;j{) [s;s;] != sf]sf]sf
\ k (pbf) ss;n] sfd u], dnfO{ ;'gfpm) . @= s;s;sf] ;+lIfKt k . ssf gf) [g]jf)] r\u
hg ldnfO{ fd|L p8fpg aLrsf] sK6]fsf] l;fg k'5fdf afFlwPsf] wfufsf] plemG8f] . ssf
;+)] s j0f{ g]kfnL j0f{dfnfsf] klxnf] Jo~hgj0f{ . ss'b gf) [;+)] != kxf8sf] 6fs'f] lz
. @= ;fF9]sf] h'f] . #= fhlrXg . ss'e gf) [;+)] != jL0ffsf] 3'd]sf] b08 . @= ch{'g
j[If sfpnf] . sSs8 gf) [k|f) sSs] ;fgf] lrlnddf e] w'jfF tfGg], ;'tL{sf] Ps k|sfsf] w
nf] tdfv' ;'tL{ ldnfP w"d|kfgsf nflu s'6] tof kflPsf] s]xL cf]l;nf] r"0f{ . sqmg'
m) [c) d") sqms\ g] sqmSs kg'{ hf8f]n] uFulg' s7\of\lu|g' . sqmSs lqm) lj) [c) d") sqm
\ g'] hf8f] jf f]u cflbn] c\uk|To\u grNg] lsl;dn] xn g rn x'g] uL s7f\lu|P jf s7\o
. sqmfO gf) [ sqm (cfO)] != sqmg] sfd jf k|lqmof .

173 [sqmfpcfO] @= sqmfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sqmfOg'

sqm]hfsrdr ss{zf cyjf fs; :jefjsL (:qL) . s
lqm6 gf) [c
\)] != r"g, afn'jf, OF6sf 6'qmf
cflb jf l;d]G6, afn'jf kTysf 6'qmf ldnfO{ 3f]n] agfOPsf] 9nfg ulg] d;nf . @= OF6kT
ysf ;;fgf 6'qmf . s
\ugf gf) [;+) s
\s0f] != b'nxfsf] gf8Ldf afFWg] 8f]f] . @= afnf . s
ufn lj) [;+) s
\sfn] wg;DklQ s]xL gePsf] ula lgw{g blb| . > s
\ufnL lj) s]xL gePsf]
s
\u; ]| gf) [c
\)] != s'g} ;
\u7g cyjf ;d'bfoljz]ifsf k|ltlglwxsf] 7"nf] hd36 jf ljz]i
f a}7s ;bg sf
\u; ]| . @= s'g} fhgLlts p2]Zosf lglDt ;
\ul7t ;+:yf jf bnljz]if . #= ;Dd
]ng . s
Nof
s'
n'
lqm) lj) [c) d") s
\Nof
\c (l))] w]} hgfn] af]ns ] f] c:ki6 zAb ga'l
dn] vNof
aNof
. sr! gf) [kmf) sh] != n]vsf aLrdf ePsf ljz]if s'f ;"lrt ug{nfO{ zAb jf
jfSosf] tnlt lbOg] wsf]{ cwf]v ] f cG8nfOg 9fs . @= Ps bkmf ;lsP csf]{ bkmf cfDe x'
L b'O{ bkmfsf aLrdf afofFb]lv bfofF sf]lg] vl08t cyjf cvl08t ]vf . sr@ gf) [;+)] !=
skfnsf] f}F s]z . @= Ps kf}fl0fs rlq j[x:kltsf] k'q . #= ;'uGwafn (a'6L) . srsr gf)
c) d") sr (l))] != zAbaf6 emsf]{nfUbf] lsl;dn] hgfpg] c;Gtf]if kmtkmt SofpFSofpF ugu
g cflb . @= Jojxfaf6 emsf]n { fUbf] lsl;dn] hgfpg] c;Gtf]if jf cfu|x ss ltllvl . > s
fO gf) srsrfpg] sfd jf efj . srsrfOg' s) lqm) srsr ulg' srsrfpg' k|) ] lqm) srsr ug{'
srsrfpg nufpg' srsrfpg] kfg{' . srslrof gf) != 5fof] 6fpsf], ftf] kv]6f, cfFvf k'R5
;]tf] x'g] Ps hftsf] rf] . @= k'm;|f]v}f] e'Tnf, kx]Fnf] r'Rrf] kx]Fn} v'f x'g] Ps
k|sfsf] rf] . lj) #= srsr] . > srsr] lj) srsr ug]{ ss] kmtkmt] . srsf] lj) [k|f) s
t] e'6b \ f k"mn gp7]sf] (ds}, h'g]nf], fdbfgf cflb) . sr8f] lj) [;+) sRr] != s'fsfg
Ldf gldNg] pG7]pnf] . @= cfTdan gePsf] bf]wf] t'na'n] sr]8] . srkr gf) x]) srdr . >
klrg' c) lqm) srdlrg' . srdr gf) [c) d") sr\c (l))] != k:ksf] s'g} sfd jf s'fsfgLdf
] u8a8 lvrf]nf . @= :jf:YonfO{ xflg ug]{ vfg]s'f c:jf:Yos jf ckfRo vfB kbfy{af6 k]6
vfa x'g] cj:yf . #= s'g} sf0fn] lgb|f u8al8g] l:ylt . srdlrg' c) lqm) s'g} sfds'f aL
r}df layf]lng' jf crsN6f] x'g' u8al8g' srdr pTkGg x'g' lvrf]nf k}bf

] lqm) s) lqm) sqmSs kflg' sqmg nfOg' . sqmfpg' k|) sqmSs kfg{' sqmg] ufpg' . slqmg'
) lqm) sqmSs xf]Og' jf klg' sqmg' . sqm]hf gf) [kmf) sfs]h] != ftf] e'OFdf ;]tf] jf ;
]tf]df ftf] a'f ePsf] s'g} j:q jf hGt' (3f]8f cflb) . lj) @= To:tf]
a'f ePsf] . sSo
fSs lqm) lj) [c) d") sqm (of) s\s] xn g rn x'g] uL a];L cF7fpg] lsl;dn] rNgr6k6fpg
uL . l) sqmfs\s'qm'Ss . sIf gf) [;+)] != sfvL sf]vf . @= wf]tLsf] sf5 . #= 3sf] sf]7
. $= s5f8 b]xft . %= sfvLsf] vl6f] svf}tf] . ^= Ps j:t'nfO{ s]Gb| t'NofO{ To;sf] j
lkl csf]{ j:t' 3'Dbf To;n] u|x0f ug]{ ky . sIff gf) [;+)] != bhf{ >]0fL :t . @= 3]f
. #= u|xx 3'Dg] dfu{ sIf . $= k9fO ;~rfng ulg] sf]7f (ljBfnosf]) . ~ ;~rfng gf) sIff
rnfpg] jf To;sf] k|aGw ldnfpg] sfo{ . > sIff]Gglt gf) != a9L d]wfjL 5fqnfO{ ;fdf
Go l:yltdf eGbf sDtLdf Ps tx dflyNnf] sIffdf k|jz ] lbOg] sfo{ . @= kbf]Gglt a9'j
f . svfsvxf gf) [s v x f] != svb]lv x;Ddsf] g]kfnL Jo~hgj0f{xsf] ;d'bfo g]kfnL j0f{d
~hgv08 . @= b]jgfuL lnlksf j0f{ jf ;fpFcIf ;fIf x'g k|of; ug]{n] klxn] lrGg'kg]{ cIf
x|vL . svf}tf] gf) [sfvL cf}tf]] != sfvLsf] lglZrt :yfg . @= sfvLdf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf]
vl6f] . su|f6f] gf) 89]sf n'ufsf] lkf] w'jfF, kf]lnPsf sk8fsf] vf . s
\s gf) [;+)] df
xfL 7"nf] hftsf] Ps rf] h;sf] KjfFv klxn]klxn] af0fsf] km]bdf nufOGYof] ;]tf] rLn .
s
\s8 gf) [k|f)] 9'
\ufsf ;;fgf 6'qmf luL uL . s
\s0f gf) [;+)] k|foM :qLhfltn] gf8L
, ;'grfFbL cflbsf] afnf ssgL . s
\snf lj) [;+) s
\sfn] s
\sfnsf] h:tf] cflQPsf] pf7nf
. ~ zAb gf) != w]} dflg; ;fd"lxs kaf6 Ps}rf]l6 ?Fbfsf] pf7nfUbf] Wjlg . @= hgljZjf;c
g';f s
\sfn cyjf d;fgx dWoftdf ;fd"lxs kdf ?Fbfsf] cfjfh . ~ ;' gf) != nuftfsf] emsf
Ug] ?jfO jf sfO . @= s
\snfzAb . s
\sfn gf) [;+)] k|f0fLsf zLsf xf8 dfqsf] cfsf cl:yk
f] . dfnL lj) != s
\sfnsf] s'g} c+zsf] dfnf pg] nfpg] . gf) @= lzj e}j . > s
\sflngL
= b'uf{ . lj) @= b'AnL k|r08 :jefjsL (:qL) . #=

srsRr]afx| x'g' . > srdRofO gf) srdlrg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . srdRofOg' s) lqm) s
rdRofpg] sfd ulg' . srdRofpg' k|) ] lqm) srdlrg] ufpg' crsN6f] kfg{' . sr gf) [;+) sR
] != dn b"lift j:t' kmf]x vfB j:t' . lj) @= kmf]x d}nf] uGbf . kr gf) k|foM gkRg]
t vfB kbfy{ sRof
s'r'
. sr; gf) cfpF cfpFdf;L . srlof gf) [slRr8f] <] nxfdf kmNg],
f] k"mn af6'nf kft x'g], P]F;]n'h:tf] ;fgf] kmn 3'dL{ . srlN6g' c) lqm) [srN6f] O g']
rN6f] x'g' crsN6f] kg{' . srN6f] lj) [k|f) sRrNn 6f]] != k"f kfSg gkfPsf] s]xL sfFrf]
(cfFk, cDaf jf a]nf}tL, tsf{L O)) . @= k"0f{ gePsf] vl08t (lgb|f, efif0f, cWoog O)
) . #= k"f jo:s gePsf] (pd], dfG5] O)) . srN6\ofO gf) [ srlN6 ( ofOF)] srlN6g] kg, sr
6f] cj:yf . [ > ] srN6fO gf) srN6f] x'g,] srlN6g] jf srN6fpg] sfd jf efj . srN6fOg' s
) lqm) srN6f] kflg' cwsNrf] ufOg' . srN6fpg' k|) ] lqm) srN6f] kfg{' cwsNrf] ufpg'
kfg{' . srxL gf) [k|f) sRrxlcf] != Gofolg;fkm x]g]{ c8\8f . @= cbfnt Gofofno . #= ;
ef uf]i7L . slr
nslr
\un gf) [srO
nO
\un] != s'g} s'f jf ljifodf b'O{ yLsf aLr x'g]
]d]nsf] l:ylt emu8f snx . @= lvrf]nf x:tIf]k . #= efFhL lag afwf . slrof gf) [;+) qm
sf] sf}t F Lsf h:tf bfFt ePsf], v, wfg cflb ]6] sf6\g] xFl;of cfF;L . slrofn] cfkm}lt
fG5 (pvfg) . slrnf gf) [g]jf)] ;fFw]sf] cfnf] df;' (g]jfL ef]hgsf klsfdWo] Ps) . slr
nf] lj) [sfFrf] < k|f) sRrOnf]] != kfSg] a]nfeGbf klxn]sf] l5lKkO;s] tfklg gkfs]sf]
. @= lulhHh k]sf] r'f] gd]sf] . slrNnf] lj) [sfFrf]Onf]] leh] kmtSs ePsf] un]sf] .
lrnf] . sr'jf gf) ln
\usf] 6f]k|fdf hDg] k|foM ;]tf]
sf] sfO{ sf7] sf7f] . sr' gf) [
r" { ] xn]bfsf] h:tf] kft k"mn eO{ sk"sf] h:tf] af:gf cfpg] Ps af]6 k|foM cf}ifwLd
f k|of]u x'g] To;}sf] sGb . sr]6\g' ;) lqm) [sr]6f] g'] != s;}nfO{ anhkmtL;Fu st} k7
fOg' . @= ssfk u] dg gk]sf] 7fpFdf klg
174

a;fOg' . > sr]6fO gf) sr]6g \ ] tyf sr]6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . sr]6fpg' k|])
lqm) sr]6f]df kfg{' sr]6\g nfpg' . sr]l6g' s) lqm) != sr]6f]df kflg' sr]6g \ ] sfd
ulg' . c) lqm) @= sr]6f]df kg{' ylRrg' . sr]6f] gf) [;+) sRr] != cnfO{ dg gkg]{ vfnsf
sfd s'fsf] emd]nf jf emfpnf] lagl;lQsf] emGem6 sr8f] . @= lsrf]nf lvrf]nf . sr]8f g
emu8f . sr]f gf) [;+) sRrs] != lrk|f . @= kmf]x d}nf . > sr] ] lj) sr]fjfn lrk|]
:qL) sr]Lsr]gL{ . srf]6 \ g' c) lqm) [t'n) lx) srf]6] s;}sf] gfd|f] Jojxfn] \ ] sfd
f dg b'Vg' jf dg sf]tg{' . > srf]6fO gf) srf]6g efj . srf}8 F f] gf)x]) sNrf}F8f]
. srf}8L gf) [t'n) tldn) sr = bfn] leq u'efdf d:of}6f] xfn] ksfOg] Ps k|sfsf] k'L srf
}L . srf}f gf) [sf; cf}f] ef]hgsf ;fdu|LdWo] ltx'g, tsfL cflb xfNg] efF8f] srf}f]
f] . > srf}L gf) != ;fgf] srf}f vf]nf (hfF8S;L vfg]) . @= ;fgf] vf]lkN6f] k]sf] hudu
g]{ 6Lsf emNsg] Ps k|sfsf] 6Lsf (k|foM sfFrsf]) . srf}/L gf) != ;fgf] srf}/f . @= x
]) srf}8L . sRrf lj) [k|f) sRrc] != gkfs]sf] cklkSj, sfFrf] rfF8} lau|g] (JolQm, pd],
a'l4 O)) . @= sdhf] (dfn, ;fdfg, j:t' O)) 5f]Okf;] laNkfL . jfL gf) ;|]:tfdf k|To]
ndsf] b]xfo kmfF6jfL . slRr8f] gf) eG6fsf] h:tf] emG8} Toq} x'g], 8fF7 kftdf tLvf s
fF8f ePsf] Ps jg:klt sfFrf]df xlof] kfs]kl5 kx]Fnf] x'g] To;}sf] uf]nfsf af:gfbf km
n s06sfL . slRrg' c) lqm) y'lk|g' ylRrg' s'lr{g' . > sRRofO gf) slRrg] jf sRofOg] lq
jf k|lqmof . sRRofOg' s) lqm) slRrg] kflg' . sRofpg' k|) ] lqm) slRrg] kfg{' . sRr
L lj) [sRrf O{] != sRrf . @= sfFrf] OF6 jf df6fsf 8Nnf cflb hf]8] agfOPsf] (3, kvf{n
cflb) . #= w]} ;do;Dd gl6Sg] (, lrq, f]ug O)) . ~ 6fsf gf) k|foM ];dL cflb sk8f l;pF
d];f] lau|g] 8n] clGtd l;ofOeGbf klxn] l;Og] sfdrnfp l;ofO . sRr] gf) kf]6, kGhf 5
Ssf ldn] kg]{ kf;fsf] Ps bfp sRr]afx| . sRr]6 gf) != sfdsf] 3'OFrf] eL8 w]} sfd . @=
'g} j:t'sf] y'k|f] vft . #= afNgfnfO{ sfl6fv]sf] lrg{' gkg]{ bfpf glrlPsf dl;gf jf le
mFhf bfpf . sRr]afx| gf) [sRr]afx|] x]) sRr] .

175

sRr]jf/Ls6sfn sHofO gf) [sfhLofOF] sfhLsf] sfd jf kg shfOF . sHofO gf) [ sHofp (cfO
ofpg] sfd jf lsl;d sHofOF . [ > ] sHofOg' s) lqm) slhg] kflg' slhg nufOg' . sHofpg' k
) ] lqm) [sfh ofp g'] != sfhdf nufpg' sfddf hf]Tg' jf nfOg' . @= sfa"df Nofpg' jzdf kf
g{' . s~rg gf) [;+)] != ;'g ;'j0f{ . lj) @= :jR5 z'4 lgd{n ;\nf] ;kmf, h\3f gf)
uf]\hf] rf]\uf] g]kfnsf] k"jf]{Qsf] s'gfdf x]sf] s'Des0f{ lxdfn z[\vnfsf] ;jf]{Rr l
' gf) g]kfnsf] dxfsfnL c~rndf kg]{ tfO{ efusf] Ps lhNnf . s~r's gf) [;+)] != zLsf] df
yb]lv tn;Dd nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] n'uf hfdf . @= sk8f j:q . #= ;k{sf] sfFr'nL . $= sjr .
> s~r'sL gf) != 5ltf] s~r's rf]nL . @= cGtMk'sf bf;Lxsf] gfOs] cGtMk'sf] Ifs . #=
$= ;+:s[t gf6sdf kfOg] Ps kfq . s6! gf) [g]jf)] S;L jf lguf lgsfn] z]if x]sf] hfF8sf]
5f]qmf jf l;6\7L . s6@ gf) [c\)] agf]6sf] 9k 5fF6 sfF6 5fF6sfF6 (pbf) cr]n fd t 8]g
6 skfn 9NsfP lxF8\g yfn]5 .) . s6s gf) [;+)] != emu8f cfqmd0f . @= n8fOF, o'4 (pbf)
hfO{ s6s gug{" lemsL s6s ug{" . lbJo)) . s6s6 gf) [c) d") s6\ c (l))] != l3pt]n cflb
ttfpFbf 58\s] cfpg], bfx|f ls6\bf pTkGg x'g], s'g} j:t' xltofn] jf bfFtn] sf6\tf
;'lgg] tyf afSnf] d}n hDdf ePsf] sk8f cflb rnfpFbf lg:sg] Wjlg jf cfjfh . lqm) l
j) @= To:tf] Wjlg pTkGg x'g] jf ug]{ uL . > s6s6tL lqm) lj) s6s6 u] b'vfpg], sf6\g]
cfjfh lgsfNg] lsl;dn] . s6s6fO gf) s6s6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . s6fs6fpbf] lj) s6s6f
pg] :jefjsf] . s6s6fpg' c) lqm) s6s6 cfjfh lg:sg' jf pTkGg x'g' s6s6 ug{' . s6sl6g
' c) lqm) n];fOnf] kbfy{ jf d}n cflb 6fFl;P ;'Sg' . s6s6L lqm)lj) s6s6 u/]/ b'Vg] u
/L s6s6tL . s6s6fO gf) s6sl6g] lqmof jf efj . s6s6fOg' s) lqm) s6sl6g] kflg' . s6s6f
;) lqm) s6sl6g] kfg{' . s6s lah'nL gf) r'DasLo pks0fff xNsfvfn] lah'nL pTkGg ufO{ tfd
km{t zLdf k'ofP ;s{; cflbdf lx+;s | hGt'nfO{ lgoGq0fdf fVg], ckfwLnfO{ ;flat ufpg] c
afyju{sf] f]u lgsf] kfg]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps oGq s7lah'nL . s6sL gf) wfgsf] kmf];|
] bfg' wfgsf] ku6f] jf kf]u6f] . s6sfn gf) [s6s jfn] != ufpFdf pbL{k'hL{ uL lxF8\g] d
flg; s6'jfn . @= b'nfxfsf] ;fyL a]x'nftkm{sf] nf]sGt] .

sRr]jfL gf) x]) sRrfjfL . sRrf] lj) [k|f) sRrcf]] != k"f jf kfsf] gePsf] sRrf . @= sR
L . #= gkfs]sf] sfFrf] . sR5 gf) [;+)] != gbL jf ;d'b|sf] 5]p lsgff hnfzo . @= ;Ldf
. #= hnk|foM k|b]z . $= wf]tL jf cfdf a]lg] n'ufsf] 5]p . %= klZrdL eftdf kg]{ u'hft
sf] Ps k|Voft cGtLk . sR5k gf) [;+)] Ps peor hGt'ljz]if s5'jf 7f]6L . ~ cjtf gf) lj
f b; cjtfdWo] bf];|f] cjtf . sRofss' r ' s gf) [c) d" ) sRofs\
c ( l) )] != sRofs'r
. lj) @= v'lDrPsf] uhdlhPsf] vhdlhPsf] . lqm) lj) #= w]} gfd|f; ] u F v'lDrP, vhdlhP
jf s'lRrP wft' cflbsf efF8f, sfut, sk8f cflb lau|g] lsl;dl;t . sRofs'r ' sRofdRof gf
c) d") sRof\ c (l))] != k|foM krfpg g;lsg] clgoldt vfB kbfy{ . @= h]td ] t ] ] srkr .
lemhf] nfUg] s'f, Jojxf jf k|;\u . s5 gf) [s 5] plrtcg'lrt, ;Toc;To, fd|f]gfd|f] c
fg uL lgsflnPsf] clGtd lg0f{o kSsfkSsL c7f]6 . s5f8 gf) [;+) sR5 6] != 5f]6f] wf]tL nu
}F6L . @= gbLsf 5]psf] hldg t6 au v'Fh . #= zxsf 5]psf] Onfsf sfF7 . > s5fl8of lj) s
df a:g] sfF7] v'Fh]nL . s5f gf) [s5f8] x]) s5f8 . > s5flof lj) s5fl8of . s5fL lj) s
5f8L . s5' lj) [t'n) lx) s'5] s]xL clnstf yf]} (efg'eQm cflb k'fgf sljdf kfOg] k|of]u
) . s5'jf gf) [;+) sR5k] s6fx cyf{t\ xf8] vk6fn] lkl7pF 9flsPsf], hn :yndf lxF8\g
] hGt'ljz]if sR5k 7f]6L . shln:6 gf) [c\)] cbfntdf GofofwLz;dIf k]; ulg] d'2fsf] ;"rL
. shfO gf) [sfhLcfOF] != sfhLsf] kb jf bfloTj sHofOF . @= dlGqTj . shfO gf) [ shfp (
)] shfpg] sfd . [ >] shfOg' s) lqm) sfddf hf]ltg' nbfOg' . shfpg' ;) lqm) [sfhcfpg']
!= sfddf v"a nufpg', nbfpg' . @= cfgf] x}sddf Nofpg' P]Frdf kfg{' . slhgL gf) [sfhLO
gL] != sfhLsL :qL . @= afx'gafx]s IfqL cflb g]kfnL :qLsf] cfb;"rs gfd . slhg' c) l
qm) [sfhOg'] != sfddf hf]ltg' jf nflbg' . @= sfa"df NofOg' csf] x}sddf NofOg' csf] jz
f kg{' . slhof gf) [sfhOof] sfdsfh ug]{ gf]s rfs . sHhn gf) [;+)] != ufhn g]qf~hg .
;'df{ .

s6sfnf]s6'jfn s6sfnf] gf) [s6sjfnf]] g]kfnL a|fXd0fsf] tyfslyt tNnf] >]0fL h};L . s6
lsgf gf) [c
\) sG6ofS6] 7]s]bf;Fu 7]Ssfdf lnOg] 7]Ssf jf sfd s6lsGbfL . s6lsGbf gf)
G6\ofS6] 7"nf] 7]s]bf;Fu 7]Ssfdf sfd lng] e'] 7]sb ] f s6lsgf lng] JolQm . > s6lsGbfL
f) x]) s6lsgf . s6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s6\ > s6s\s] Ps} rf]l6 6'lqmg], s6s6fpg], sf
l6g], sflg] cfpF cflbn] k]6 cyjf s6' Jojxfn] dg cflb b'vfpg] uL s]xL s'f] b'Vg], sfl
g], sflg] cflb lsl;dl;t . s6h gf) [;+)] jg jf s[lifljefusf tkm{af6 cyjf To:t} ;dfg
;+:yfsf tkm{af6 j[Ifff]k0fsf lgldQ bn fv] pdflPsf Ps jif{dlgsf la?jf . f]kfO gf) s
g] sfd . s6gL gf) [sf6\cgL] != sf6\g] sfd, s6fO (sd, tna cflb) . @= sL (tna, sd cflbs
f]) . #= afnLgfnL jf v cflb sf6\g] sfd . d6gL gf) sf6\g] kmfF8\g] sfd s6d6 sLdL .
F; gf) [;+) sfi7j+z] leq vf]qmf] gePsf] (k|foM n6\7Lsf] sfddf k|of]u ulg]) afF;sf]
Ps hft ds'nf afF; . s6laR5L lj) != cU3f] sf6\g] ;fx|} d'vfn] . @= laTkft] laR5L . gf)
@= laR5Lsf] Ps w] ljiffn' hft . s6lah'nL lj) != lah'nLsf j]usf] c;fWo} rgfvf] af7f]
;fx|} d'vfn] . gf) @= x]) s6slah'nL . s6d6 gf) != sLdL l5gfkmfgf . @= dfgl;s ]if dgf
lnGo leqleq} u'lD;P x]sf] dfgl;s ]if . #= clgoldt vfB kbfy{ s6fs'6 ' . s6 gf) [c
Ps hftsf] ;"tL sk8f . s6;}of gf) [lx)] ljleGg sf k"mnsf e]bn] rfhftsf] dflgPsf], lqbf
]ifnfO{ zdg ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] a'6L . (x]) lqbf]if klg) . s6x gf) [lx) s6xn ;+) s06s w<]
v;|f] sfF8fbf af]qmf ePsf], leq e'mqf u'lnof] :jfbsf sf]of kmNg] sf]ofleq lrpLsf e
m}F u]8f x'g], sfFrf] cj:yfdf tsf{Lsf kdf klg vfOg] Ps nf]slk|o kmn vs6x . ~ rDkf gf)
s6xsf] h:t} af:gf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] nx] k"mn . xG8] lj) s6xh:tf] (k|foM 7"nf] c08sf]i
ePsf] JolQm) . > s6x] lj) != s6xsf vx ePsf] 7fpF, a:tL jf ufpF . @= s6xsf] sff]af
(JolQm) . s6fO gf) [ sf6\ - cfO)] sf6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s6fOg' s) lqm) sf
6\g nfOg' sf6\g] sfd ufOg' .
176

s6fpg' k|]) lqm) sf6\g nfpg' sf6\g] sfd ufpg' . s6fs6 lqm) lj) [c) d") s6\cfs6\] Pskl
csf]{ ub}{ sf6\b} hfg] k|lqmof;Fu 56f56 r6fr6 . s6fIf gf) [;+)] != cfFvfsf] Ps efu
n] cyf{t\ s'gfaf6 x]g]{ x]fO ss]{ x]fO 58\s] x]fO . @= afemfafem s6fR5] . #= ck|;Ggtf
hfx] ug]{ lsl;dsf] x]fO 3'Of] x]fO . kft gf) k|]d, qmf]w,O{iof{ clfb hgfpg] lsl;dsf
]fO . s6fg gf) [sf6\cfg] != xltofn] s]xL s'f] sf6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= klxf], gbL
cflbn] t6jtL{ hldgnfO{ w:sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . #= kmF8fgL (h
\unsf]) . > s6fgL g
f) s6gL kmF8fgL . s6fs6fL gf) [;+) st{L] k|foM b'j}lt wf ePsf] 5'Lljz]if . > s6f]
kft ;fg;fgf sfF8f x'g], lxF8\bf sk8fdf lag] PsyL 3fF; jf emf . s6ff] gf) 7"nf] s6fL
s6ff] gf) != s;}nfO{ ufnL ug]{ jf xf]RofP elgg] zAb 5':s]f . @= r6ff] . s6fxf gf) [;
!= 7"nf] sfxL . @= s5'jfsf lk7"Fsf] vKk jf vk6f . s6fxf lj) [sf6\cfxf] != 5'Rrf] ls
]sL sGh'; . @= csf{n] vfPkfPsf]df l; ug]{ cfxfl;] 8f9] . #= sf6\g] vfnsf] jf sf6\g] (
sLf], d';f] cflb) . sl6 gf) [;+)] lgtDaeGbf dfly b'j} sf]vf tNnf] k]6eGbf dlgsf] z
fLls cjoj sd sDd s6L . a4 lj) tlD;Psf] tTk . aGw gf) != k6'sf sDdk]6L . @=
sf aLrsf e"efunfO{ xfjfkfgL cflbsf lx;fan] afF8\bf x'g cfpg] kfFr efudWo] s'g}
Ps . (pmi0f sl6aGw, zLt sl6aGw, ;dzLtf]i0f sl6aGw tyf gfTo"i0f sl6aGw) . ;"q gf)
!= sGwgL . @= OFhf . sl6of gf) [ef]) k')] ;fgf] 3f6L ePsf] ;fgf] cfsfsf] df6fsf] e'
8 F s \ f] . s6L gf)x]) sl6 . s6' lj) [;+)] != gdL7f :jfbxdWo] s'g} Ps (tLtf], 6f]{,
lkf] O)) . @= vf] ss{z dg gkg]{ clk|o (afgL, Jojxf, jrg O)) . s6'jf! lj) [sf6\pjf]
Psf] sL ulPsf] s6fg ePsf] . s6'jf@ gf) != vf]:6f] of kftdf a]] sSs8h:t} vfOg] ;'tL{
= la:s'6sf] Ps ljz]if k|sf . s6'jfn gf) [;+) sf]kfn] != klxn]sf] kxf8L df}hfdf ;sfL p
bL{ s'n]{ hgtfnfO{ ;'gfpg] JolQm . @= zfxsfnLg lhNnfk|zf;gsf] nueu d'lvof;xsf] Ps
kb . #= ufpF3df pbL{k'bL{ ;'gfpg] sfdsf] lglDt flvPsf], k|foM u};sfL sd{rfL . $= IfqL
tyf kfj}xsf] Ps y .

177

s6';s7kfp s6\6! ' gf) [sf6\p] != 3'8 F feGbf dflydfq cfpg], kmflsnf] d'v ePsf] 7'6]
;'?jfn hfF3] OFhfjfnf xfkmkfOG6 . s6\6'@ lj) [sf6\p] sfl6Psf] sf (kbfy{) 7'6] . s6
) x]) s6\6@ ' . sf] lj) sfFrf] fd|f]l;t gkfs]sf] s6\ldf] cwsNrf] . sf gf) [;+) sfi
f]x| ;o aL; ju{ xftsf] hldgsf] gfk Ps la3fsf] aL;f}F efu aL; w'sf] gfkafasf] hUuf . s
6\ldf]s6\d]f] lj) [;+) s6\jDn] != rnfpFbf lalu|Pnf h:tf] vfnsf] (sf7, j:t' cflb) 5f]O
kf;] laNkfL . @= fd|fl] ;t gkfs]sf] cfwf sfFrf] cfwf kfsf] cwsNrf] sf] . #= clncln 6
:jfbsf] tLtf] cldnf] ldl;Psf] (:jfb) . s6\fss'6's gf) [c) d") s6fs\c (l))] != ePes
dfntfn l;Lv'L . @= s6f
s'6'
. $= sf7 cflb rNbf jf rnfpFbf cfpg] Wjlgljz]if 7fs7's 6
. lj) $= ;a} ;Dk"0f{ ePesf] . s6fSs lqm) lj) [c) d") s6fss] s6fs\sf] Wjlg pTkGg x'
'g} bx|f] jf ;fx|f] kbfy{ efFlrg], k'm6\g,] 6f]lsg] cflb lsl;dn] . s6f
gf) [c) d")]
!= bfFtn] ;fx|f] kbfy{ kmf]bf{ cfpg] zAb . s'6
' gf) != nuftf cfOxg] s6f
sf] Wjlg
= clgoldt vfB kbfy{ (k|foM s'kYo) . #= s6fss'6's . > s6f
\
lqm) lj) s6f
sf] Wjlg lgsfn
]xL s'f] bfFtn] kmf]g]{ lsl;d) . s7! gf) s'g} ;df;sf] k"j{kbsf kdf cfpFbfsf] sf7 zAbs
f] ljz]if k (sf7dxn = s7dxn, sf73 = s73, sf7lah'nL = s7lah'nL O)) . s7@ gf) [;+)] !=
k|frLg hflt . @= oh'jb {] sf] Ps zfvfsf k|jt{s Clif j}zDkfogsf Ps lzio . ~ pklgi
fb\ gf) s7 Clif dGqb|i6fsf kdf x]sf] Ps pklgifb\ . s73s73f gf) [sf73] != sf7sf] 3
= cbfntdf GofofwLzsf] ;dIf aofg lbFbf cleo'Qm pleg] sf7sf] af nfu]sf] 7fpF . #= ;
fgf]ltgf] k;n fVg] sf7]3 . s7lrq gf) [;+) sfi7lrq] sf7sf] kmnsdf vf]lkPsf] lrq sfi7l
rq . s7tfn gf) [;+) sfi7tfn] d'h'fh:tf wft'sf kftfx aLraLrdf hl8Psf jf ;fbf xftn] ah
fOg] b'O{ 6'qmf sf7sf] afhf stfn . s7kq gf) [;+) sfi7kq ] cIf vf]lkPsf] sf7sf] kmNof
s sfi7kq (clen]vsf] Ps k|sf ) . s7kfOn] lj) [ s7kfp] vfpsf] h:tf] k}tfnf ePsf] jf k}t
fnfsf] aLrsf] efun] e'OF g5f]O{ s's'{Rrf cf}Fnfltsf efun] dfq e'OF 5'g] (JolQm) vfp
v'] . s7kfp gf) [;+) sfi7kfb'sf] != a, sk8f jf d'f{ hl8Psf]

:qL) s6'jfNgL . s6'; gf) v;|,' kmnfF6 cflbsf h:tf kft u]8f kmNg], ;ff] sf7 x'g] vlj
z]if jf To;sf] kmn . s6]f] gf) [sfi7 u[x] != ufO{a:t' afFWg] 7fpF uf]7 UjfnL . @= 5fk|
f] 6xf] vf]Ndf yff] . s6]x gfr gf) yf hfltdf k|rlnt, f]Onfgfrsf 9fFrfsf], s6]xlof
7f}lof gfd klg ePsf] Ps g[To . s6f}tL gf) [sf6\ cf}tL] != sf6] 36fpg] sfd (sd, tna, kf
l>lds O)) . lj) @= sf6] 36fOPsf] (sd, tna, kfl>lds O)) . sf] k|:tfj gf) ;sfsf] s'g
fusf] sfo{df nfUg] vr{sf] kmfF6af6 ;fgf] sd 36fOlbg] k|:tfj . s6f}f gf) [;+) s6f] ]
srf}f a6'sf] . s6f}L gf) [s6f}f O{] srf}L a6'sL . ~ rf]nL gf) ;]k glnO{ csf]{ 6'qmf
ufl8 5ftLdf ufF;] l;OPsf] rf]nf] . s6f} ] lj) [s6f}f] P] != s6f}fh:tf] s6f}fsf afGsL
@= ;fgf] jf 5f]6f] lrQ ePsf] . 3'dfP s'f ug]{, atf}] . s6\sg' c) lqm) [c) d") s6\ s g
!= s6s6 zAb cfpg] uL l3pt]n cflb tfTg' s8\sg' s6s6fpg' . @= ufnL ub}{ pRr :jdf sfpg'
Dsg' . > s6\sfO gf) s6\sg] cyjf s6\sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . s6\sfOg' s) lqm) s6\sg
nufOg' . s6\sfpg' k|) ] lqm) s6\sg nufpg' s6\sg lbg' . s6\lsg' c) lqm) s6\sg' . s6
\s ' f] gf) [;+) sfi7s'6L] != bfpf, kfn, 3fF; cflb fVg 3sf] 5]pdf agfOPsf] ;fgf] s6]
@= bfpf, 3fF;, kfn cflb fVgnfO{ k|foM d"n3d} 6fF;] agfOPsf] sf7sf] cf]tbf 6fF8 rL
. #= bfpfsf] xf jf vlnof] . s lqm) lj) [c) d") s6\ 6] != Ps} rf]l6 l5lgg] uL sf6\g] t
f;Fu s6Ss . @= gfd|f] cg'ej x'g] uL k]6, dg cflb b'Vg] lsl;dn] . s lj) [;+) s7f]] !=
] ts{ jf pkklQdf Wofg glbO{ cfgf] wd{ jf ljrfdf b[9 xg] . @= kDkfut l9jfbL (s ;gftg
ld{s O) ) . tf gf) ssf] :jefj s x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kGyL lj) stfjfbL pu|j
fbL lj) stfsf l;4fGtsf] cg'ofoL . sjf gf) [yf)] ;'b" klZrdL Onfsfsf yf?xsf] Ps g[To
. sf gf) [sf6\ cf] != sf6\g] sfd (h:tf] cfgf] k};f sf u) sL . lj) @= sfl6Psf] s6\
[sf6\ O{] != sf6\g] sfd sf . @= r'StL km:of]6 { l5gfkmfgf r'Stf . #= cfpF cflb Joyfa
6 k]6df x'g] kL8f . dL gf) l5gfkmfgf km5f}{6 .

s7kfpnf]s8f]/ sf7sf] rL vfp . @= 6]Stf dWoefun] hdLg g5'g], hgljZjf;cg';f s'nIf0f dfl
gg], vfpsf cfsfsf] k}tfnf vfpv'L . s7kfpnf] gf) [sf7 kfpnf]] Ps k|sfsf] sf7sf] rL
s7k'tnL gf) [sfi7 k'tnL] != wfuf], tf, f}F cflbff grfOg] sf7, sk8f cflbsf] k'tnL . @=
csf{sf] O;ffdf gfRg] JolQm csf] nx}nx}df nfuL sfd ug]{ JolQm . lj) #= s7k'tnLsf :je
fjsf] s7k'tnLh:tf] . s7af; gf) [sfi7j+z] x]) s6afF; . s7af gf) [;+) sfi7af] 3leq P
jf v08nfO{ csf]{af6 5'fpg] sf7sf] leQf] . s7lah'nL gf) [sf7lah'nL] x]) s6slah'nL .
s7dxn gf) [sf7c) dxn] sf7}sf7n] ag]sf] ljzfn ejg sf7sf] 7"nf] 3 s73 . s7dxfn gf) [sf
dfn<] != sf7kft;DaGwL sfd ug]{ c8\8f . @= tLg lkm6eGbf a9L df]6fO x'g] sf7sf] ls
Qf jf tx . s7f
\lu|g' c) lqm) [;+) sfi7f\lut<] hf8f]n] xftuf]8f sf7em}F sqmSs kg{' slq
mg' sf6\l7g' uFulg' . s7fnf] gf) [;+) s07 6fnf]] sldh, donkf];, sf]6 cflbsf] 3fF6Ljlkl
] 3]f] . sl7\lu|g' c) lqm) x]) s7f\lu|g' . > sl7\Uo|fO gf) sl7\lu|g] efj, lqmof jf
of . sl7\Uo|fOg' s) lqm) sl7\lu|g] kflg' sqmfOg' s7f\Uo|fOg' . sl7\Uo|fpg' k|])
xftuf]8f sqmSs kfg{' s7\fUofpg' sqmfpg' . sl7g lj) [;+)] != ;lhnf]l;t jf rfF8} ug{ g
lsg] ufx|f] cK7ff] dfkfsf] d'l:sn . @= s8f s7f] ;fx|f] . tf gf) sl7g x'g] efj,
. > sl7gfO gf) sl7gtf . s7'jf gf) [;+) sfi7s] kfgL jf S;L cflb emf]lnnf] j:t' fVg] c
fLh:tf] sf7sf] 7"nf] efF8f] lepF6sf] cfsfsf] sf7sf] cfx|L . s7} lj) af]) ;xfg'e"lt,
s?0ff, bof cflb efj k|s6 ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) s7} ! ltdL t b'AnfP5f} .) .
~ lg lj) af]) s7} . afaLa} lj) af]) s7} s7} lg . s7f]klgifb\ gf) [;+)] ci6f]Qzt
qsf] Ps k|l;4 pklgifb\ u|Gy . s7f] lj) af]) [;+)] != ufx|f] sl7g . @= s8f ;fx|f] ;Vt
. #= lgb{o lgi7' . tf gf) s7f] x'g] :jefj s7f] u'0f, :jefj, k|sl[ t cflb . ~ tfn'
'vljjleqsf]
178

dflyNNff] Rofk'sf] s7f] efu jT;{eGbf kl5 / sf]dn tfn'eGbf cufl8sf] efu . ~ j0f{ gf)
Jo~hgj0f{sf c3f]if k|sf (s,r,6,t,k,v,5,7,y,km,z,if tyf ;) dWo] s'g} Ps . s7f}tL gf
) [sf7 cf}tL] sf7sf] cfL ;fgf] cfsfsf] s7'jf . s7f}tf] gf) [sf7 cf}tf]] k9\g] a]nfdf k'
ts fVg] sf7sf] r]k'jf z}nLsf] ljz]if k|sfsf] g]kfnL 6]a'n sfk] ln r]k'jf . s7f\lu|
m) x]) s7f\lu|g' . > s7f\Uo|fOg' s) lqm) s7f\lu|g] kflg' sqmSs agfOg' . s7f\Uo|fp
!= lr;f] jf 7G8fdf fv] l3p cflb tn j:t'nfO{ hdfpg' . k|]) lqm) s7f\lu|g] kfg{' sqmSs
agfpg' . s7f}L gf) [sf7 of}L] lemqmfdf dx kfg]{ ;fgf] vfnsf] df}L s'6\sf . s8s8 lqm)
x]) s6s6 . s8f! gf) [;+) s6s ] != ;'g, rfFbL cflb wft'sf gf8Ldf nufOg] afnfljz]if
. @= efF8fat{g cflbdf ;dfpgsf lgldQ Psflt (lasf{sf] 6'Kkf]df) jf b'Ol{ t (vF8s'nf
], emfFuf O) df) hl8g] wft'sf] d'Gb|f] . s8f@ lj) [;+) s8\8] != ;fx|f] s7f] rfd|f] .
@= ufx|f] sl7g b'is . #= rsf]{ (Wjlg, :jfb, 3fd O)) . $= lgod, cg'zf;g, st{Jo cflb
kfng ug{ufpg bofdfof;d]t gfvL ;lqmo xg] . %= lgi7' lg7'L lgb{oL . > s8fO gf) s8f x
f s8f ug]{ sfd s8f Jojxf s7f]tf s8fkgf . s8L gf) s8f Jojxf sl8s8fp sl8s8fO . k
. ~ kfgL gf) Hofb} lr;f] kfgL ;fa'g cflbn] w'b F f kmLFh lgsfNg d'l:sn kg]{ cyjf g
pdfnL vfFbf krfpg sl7g kg]{ kfgL . sl8s8fp gf) [(l)) s8fp] x]) s8fs8L . s8L! gf) [t
'n) sf8\g' M lemSg'] != h'StL o'lSt lsNnL pkfo . @= dl:tissf] k|0ffnL :gfo' (pbf) p;s
f] lbdfusf] s8L v'l:sP5 .) . s8L@ gf) [s8f O{] ;fgf] s8f jf d'Gb|f] . s8Lsdfg gf) [s
8L sdfg] s8f;Fu cyf{t\ b[9tfk"j{s ulPsf] Jojxf . s8'jf lj) [;+) s6's] != lkf] (vf];f{g
L, dLr, ;'7f] O)) . @= fu ePsf] (tf]Lsf] t]n, ;:o{s F" f] t]n cflb . #= 6f]{, tLtf]
O) . $= gdL7f] (:jfb) . s8] n rf] s gf) [ g] j f sGx] x f] n rf] s ] ( f0ffsfn;Dd
k|rlnt) ;sfL 3vhfgf, uxgfu'lof ;'grfFbLsf ;fdfgx flvg] xg'dfg\9f]sf fhbafleqsf]
s8f] gf) [;+) sf]l6] != ;o nfvsf] ;\Vof pQm ;\VofnfO{ JoQm ug]{ c\s s/f]8 (!,)),)),)
. lj) @= pQm ;\Vof jf c\safasf] (yfg, u]8f, j:t' cflb) . > s8f]g\

179

s8\sg'stfO 3f]8fsf] 3fF6Ldf x'g] e'j F L . ~ dfnf gf) != 3fF6Ldf nufpg] uxgfsf] Ps k
|sf s07>L . @= 3fF6Ldf knfpg] df;'sf] kmf]s'G8f] jf ;f] kmf]s'G8f] knfpg] f]u ufF8 un
u08 . ~ zf]y gf) 3fF6L ;'lGgg] s'g} klg f]u . >L gf) 3fF6Ldf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] ;'gsf
] uxgf s07dfnf . :y lj) != cfpFbf] ePsf] (kf7 O)) s07fu| . @= 3fF6Ldf x]sf] s07df x
] . ~ xf gf) != k|foM pRr 3fgsf dlxnfn] 3fF6Ldf nufpg] dfnfsf cfsfsf] uxgf (g]sn];)
. @= 3fF6Ldf nufOg] dfnfsf cfsfsf] s'g} klg uxgf (s07>L, s07dfnf, ltnxL O)) . s07f
gf) [;+)] != ;'gn] df]]sf] @& jf #@ bfgfsf] ?b|fIfsf] dfnf . @= kz'kIfLsf]] 3fF6L
df x'g] (leGgleGg sf]) ]vf s07L . #= To:tf] ]vf ePsf] kz'kIfL . s07fu| lj) [;+)] x])
07:y . s07L gf) [;+) s07 O{] != ;fgf] s07f . @= t'n;Lsf] 8fF7sf] ;fgf] dfnf . s07] l
j) [;+) s07 P] != 3fF6Ldf cw{rGb|fsf ]vf ePsf] (kz' jf kIfL) . @= s07;DaGwL s07sf] (3
fF6Lsf]) . #= s07fjfn jf s07Ljfn . ~ sfusf}jf gf) 3fF6Ldf ;]tf] s07L ePsf] sfu . s
07 lj) [;+) s07 o] != s07;DaGwL 3fF6Lsf] . @= s07af6 pRrlt x'g] (s v u 3 c O cflb j0f
) . > s07f]i7 lj) s07 cf]i7af6 pRrf0f x'g] (cf], cf} O) j0f{) . s08fs gf) [;+)] nf]
Zjf;cg';f n'tf] cflb f]usf] sf0f dflgPsf] Ps kf}fl0fs dfgj]t b'i6, x:odo k|f0fL (o;nf
{ dG5fpg ;fpg] ;\qmflGtsf lbg ;fFemdf ljz]if k|sfn] k"hf uL n'tf] kmfn] ;]nfOG5 .) .
sl08sf gf) [;+)] != j]bsf] Crf . @= eflifs rgfsf] jfSoeGbf a[xt\ t cWofo cflbeGbf
;fgf] ljz]if :jk sygsf] Ps c+z, cg'R5]b Koffu|fkm . s08f]n gf) [;+)] != cgfh fVg] rf]
fn] ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] efF8f] . @= e08f, uf]bfd . stg gf) [st\ cg] != sfut, sk8f cflb s
qFbf lg:s]sf 6'qmf, wf jf w'hf . @= sqg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . stg'{ gf) [;+) st{gL]
g]kfnL ;'hLsfn] k|foM ufpF3lt k|of]u ug]{, kDkfut kmnfd] s}FrLsf] Ps k|sf . stnL gf)
wfdf 6fF;] nufOg] sfFr, Knfl:6s cflbsf] l6sf] l6s'nL . stf lqm) lj) [;+) s'qs'tM] stf
lt s'g lbzflt s;tkm{ . stfO gf) [ sft\ (cfO)] wfuf] cflb sfTg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj .
> ] stfOg' s) lqm) sfTg nfOg' wfuf] agfpg

lj) s}of}F sf]8afasf] . klt gf) != sf]8sf] dflns . lj) s8f]g\ . lj) @= sf]8sf] d
]sf] . > s8f]f} s8\sg' c) lqm) [ s6\sg'] != l;fP jf ufnL ub}{ 7"nf] :jn] af]Ng' s6
@= aDsg' u8\sg' s6sg' . > s8\sfO gf) s8\sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . s8\sfs8\sL gf) b
'O{ ljf]wL JolQm jf ;d"xsf aLr emu8f cflbsf ;Gbe{df x'g] s8f ufnL, jrg cflbsf] cf
bfgk|bfg v8fh
\uL afemfafem bGtaemfg . s8\s'nf] gf) [sfi7s'l6] b'O{lt 3 eO{ aLrsf]
u 3df nfkmf] ufFl;Psf] v08 nfkmf] s6\s'f] . s8f}nf] gf) [s8fof}nf]] jLo{:vng x'g'eG
xn] aUg] lrKnf] kfgL . s9L gf) [lx) s9L t'n) ;+) Sjfy] cldnf] bxL jf df]xLdf rgfsf
] kL7f], g'g, d;nf cflb xfnL ksfOPsf] vfB j:t' . s0f gf) [;+)] != w"nf] cflbsf] H
ofb} dl;g' v08 . @= 9'
\uf, cGg cflb k'm6] ag]sf ;;fgf 6'qmfdWo] s'g} Ps (h:t} slgsf
, RofFVnf cflb ) . #= kfgLsf] yf]kfsf] ;fgf] cj:yf hnlaGb' . s0ffnL gf) [;+) s08]
afF;sf rf]ofn] a'g]sf] plemG8f]jfn efF8f] . sl0fsf gf) [;+)] Hofb} ;fgf] s0f s0f .
s0f]n gf) [;+) s0f]] sjLsf] k"mn . s0f]nL gf) [s0fPnL] 3f]8fsf] nufd s]nL . s06s
)] != s'g } s'g} (u'nfkm, l;dn, gLnsfF8f O))sf cjojdf x'g] 3f]rj ' f ;'O] c\u sfF8f]
. @= kmnfd cflb wft'af6 lgld{t j:t' (sfF6L, lsNnf O)) . #= s'g} sfo{ (ofqf, sfd,
nIo O)) df kg]{ ljg jf ;f] ljg pkl:yt kfg]{ JolQm, j:t' jf l:ylt ljg Jojwfg . lj) $=
nf]eL lsg6f]sL . s06sfL gf) [;+)] kft 8fF7df sfF8f x'g], ;;fgf ;]tf jf gLnf k"mn k'
mNg], kx]n F f] af6'nf] kmn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 jf To;sf] kmn slRr8f] . s07 gf) [
;+)] != vsfNg' d]?b08sf] l;fgb]lv lnP lrpF8f] vf]k|]a"9L;Ddsf] zfLls (vf; dfG5]sf])
cjoj l3r|f] unf], uw{g, 3f]qmf] O)sf] ;fd"lxs gfd 3fF6L . lj) @= cfpFbf] ePsf] (kf7,
sljtf O)) d'vfu|, s07:y . ~ tfnJo lj) s07 tfn'af6 pRrf0f x'g] (P, P] cflb j0f{) .
~ gnL gf) s07k]6fLdf cfP 6'\lug] kmf]S;fsf] e]6g \ ' Zjf;gnL . ~ k]6fL gf) 3fF6Lsf]
306Lsf ;dLksf] efu, h;n] Zjf;gnLsf] 6'Kkfdf x]sf] :jlrD6Lsf] ;'Iff uL :j Jo~hgj0f{sf
lgwf{0f tyf Jo~hgj0f{sf] 3f]ifLejgdf u'~hg pTkGg ug{ :jlrD6LnfO{ ;3fpF5 . dl0f gf)
!= 3fF6Ldf nufpg] uxgfsf] Ps k|sf . @=

stfsltsyf syg nfOg' . a'gfO gf) sfTg]a'Gg] sfd lzNk (wfuf], ;'O6, uGhL, df]hf O)) .
stfpg' k|]) lqm) sfTg nfpg' wfuf] agfpg nfpg' . stfslt lqm) lj) [stf slt] != s'gs } g
' } 7fpFdf dfq kmfk'm emNofse'mn's . @= gu0o jf c:ki6 kdf (pbf) stfslt p;nfO{ d}n] b
v]sf] x'F ls h:tf] nfU5 .) . stf gf) [c) lstf] != k\lSt >]0fL tfFtL nfOg nx nfd
kl;{ofnL vf8Lsf] ;fgf] d'l:nd b]z . slt lj) [;+)] != cd"t{ (;do, b"L O)) d"t{ (ulg
g], hf]lvg], elg], gflkg] O)) j:t'sf] dfqf ;\Vof, kldf0f cflb a'gsf] nflu ulg] k|Zg (
bf) slt dfG5] cfof} <) . lqm) lj) @= s'g} u'0f, efj, sfo{ jf k|lqmofsf] xb, ;Ldf,
:jefj hfGgsf nflu ulg] k|Zg (pbf) slt vfof} < ltdL slt rfxG5f} <) . ~ slt lgkf) eg
], ug] jf aofg u] sxfF ;lsG5 eGg] efj JoQm ug]{ zAb (pbf) hLjgdf yf]} df]h ulof]
fpF 8'lnof] < sltslt ) . sf] lqm) lj)lj)af]) != x]) slQsf] . lj) @= slt (pd], gfk,
f0f O)) sf] slt kg]{ . > g slt lj) z"Go s]xL gePsf] k'm:;f . ko lj) != hDd} geO{ s]x
dfq . @= ljleGg ljljw . st'jf gf) [sft\ pjf] != rvf{n] em}F wfuf] sfTg] tf];|fn] 8f
]Laf6]em}F wfuf] af6\g] xft] ;fwgljz]if . lj) @= sft]sf] (wfuf], 8f]L, aQL O)) . ~
wfuf] gf) 7"nf oGqafx]s rvf{, st'jf cflb xft] oGqn] sft]sf] wfuf] . st} lqm) lj)
[stf O{] != s'g} (klg) tkm{ s'gt } km{ klg . (pbf) d}n] st} klg p;nfO{ e]l6gF .) . @
= s'g} (klg) 7fpFdf s'g} 7fpFdf (klg) sxLF . ~ st} ls) lj) != s'g}s'g} 7fpFtkm{ s'g}
s'g} 7fpFdf . @= stfslt kmfk'm . lj) af]) #= s]6fs]6LnfO{ ?jfpgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] :
g]xk"0f{ zAb s7}s7} a8 a8L . sQ gf) [c) lstf] != sf7, afF;, gs{6, l;pF6f cflbsf] nfd
ufP af]sf] af . @= 3 5fKg] kftnf] sf7 lrk{6 . sQn gf) [c) sTn] dfg]{ jf xTof ug]{ sfd
w lx+;f xTof . slQ lqm) lj) [;+) slt] != clnslt klg yf]} klg (dfqf, ;\Vofdf) . @= Hof
} xbeGbf w] . (pbf) slQ sfPsf] slQ fd|f] cg'xf O) .) . sf] lqm) lj) != slQ w]}
af]) @= klxn] eg]sf] gdfGg] kl5 wf]sf k]kl5 rflxF cFWoff] d'v nufpg] JolQmnfO{ cf8
dg]{ uL hjfkm lbFbf elgg] zAb v'lRr kfO;\ ls t :jfb (pbf) klxn] eg]sf] gdfGbf s:tf]
x'Fbf] x]5, vfO;\ lst ca, slQsf] ) .
180

sQL gf) [;+) stL{] v;L, fFufx sf6\g] 7"nf] xltof . sTyssTysLsTys] lj) [;+) sys] != l
]s, uLt, syf cflb ;xh kdf sYg ;Sg] . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . sTyf gf) kfg;'tL{ cflb g
zfjfn vfB kbfy{df ld;fpg, d;L cflb agfpg jf cf}ifwL agfpg k|of]u ulg] vf; k|sfsf] v
af6 lgsflng] vf]6L vo . sqg' ;) lqm) [stg'{] slrof, s}FrL, stg'{ cflbn] (skfn, emf, 3
fF;, wfgsf] afnf O) ) sf6\g' . > sqfO gf) sqg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . sqfOg' s) lqm) s
qg nfOg' . sqfpg' ;) lqm) sqg nufpg' . slqg' ;) lqm) x]) sqg' . sqf] lj) [s]sf] qf]] !
= s]hqf] sf]hqf] . @= 7"nf] a8]dfsf] (pbf) fd ;fg} xf]nf eg]sf] sqf] kf] eP5, P ) . s
Tnf gf) != df5fsf] zLdf 5fnfsf] cfj0fsf kdf xg] kfk|fem}F t 6nsbf kbfy{ . @= ;fnssf
;j{q aflxL cfj0fsf kdf x'g] xf8] va8fxdWo] s'g} Ps . #= n'uf, zL cflbdf nfu]sf] d}nf]
bfu . sTn] lj) [sTnf P] != sTnf ePsf] . @= kmf]xL . ~ df5f] gf) df5fsf] Ps k|l;4 hft
. sTn]cfd gf) [c)] ;fj{hlgs xTof ;j{;+xf . sy\g' ;) lqm) [sy\ g'] != s'f agfpg' jf lv
g' s'f chdfpg' sNkgf ug'{ . @= rgf ug'{ (sljtf, syf O)) . sy\ lqm) lj) [;+) syd\] s]x
uL syd\sbflrt\ syd\ . (pbf) sy\ ef]ln d cfOk'lugF eg] klg ltdL gcflQg" .) . sbflrt\
qm) lj) sy\ sbflrt\ . (pbf) sy\sbflrt\ d cfOk'lugF eg] ltdLn] d]f] sfd ullbg" .) . sy
~rt\ lqm) lj) [;+)] x]) sy\ sbflrt\ . syg gf) [;+)] != egfO egfp af]nL jrg . @= plQ
0f . #= ts{ cleJolQm j0f{g aofg ljj0f . > sygLo lj) syg ug{ of]Uo, eGg plrt . syd\ l
lj) [;+)] x]) sy\ . > sydlk lqm) lj) s'g} xfntdf klg s;} u] klg s'g} pkfon] klg . sy
lotf gf) [;+)] syg ug]{ JolQm, sYg] jStf . syf gf [;+)] != k|aGwfTds kdf uBdf n]lvPs
f] cfVofgfTds n3' rgf sxfgL uNk . @= gf6s, pkGof;, dxfsfJo cflbdf kfOg] syfj:t' syfg
s syf;f . #= rDk"sf kdf cyjf ljz'4 uBdf n]lvPsf cfw'lgs syf cyjf pkGof;sf k"j { k df
lgg] ljljw cfsfk|sfdf ljeQm cfVofg;flxTosf] k'ftg k pkfVofg bGt]syf cfxfg ls:;f s'
$= plQm syg egfO . %= gfnLa]nL k'Aof}n { L k'Vof}n { L Oltj[Q Oltxf; . syfO gf) [sy
] sYg] sfo{ jf k|lqmof . syf syg gf) [;+)] syf ;'Gg];g ' fpg] sfo{snfk jf syfsf]

181

syf s'y'u \ L | sg\g' kfqxsf aLr x'g] jftf{nfk jf ;+jfb . @= ukmufkm syfjftf{ s'fsfg
sYg] lj) [sy\ g]] sy'jf sNkgfsf rgfsf . sYo lj) [;+)] != af]lng] elgg] af]nrfnsf]
Ng jf eGg x'g] . ~ efiff gf) (n]lvg] efiffsf] ljkLt) af]nLrfnLsf] efiff . ~ ;+:s[t
gf) efiffzf:qLo cg';Gwftfxsf dtdf ;+:s[t efiff :tLs[t x'ge ' Gbf klxn]sf] af]nLrfn
Lsf] ;+:s[t efiff, h;sf ljz]if ;\st ] x j}lbs jf kZrj}lbs jf\dodf cjz]ifsf kdf b]vf
k5{g\ . sb gf) [c)] zLsf] (vf; uL dfG5]sf]) prfO, cUnfO, df]6fO cflbsf] ;dli6k hLp8fn
an 8f}n l8n8f}n . sbd! gf) [c)] != kfOnf] km6\sf] . @= tflnd kfPsf 3f]8fsf] lxF8fOsf
k|sfdWo] s]xL ljz]if k|sf (5f]6L sbd, a8L sbd) . sbd@ gf) [;+) sbDa ] nflDrnf kft
af6'nf kx]Fnf u]8fdf es'G8f cfsfsf ;fgf k"mn k'mNg] Ps j[If . sbDa gf) [;+)] x]) s
bd/ . sb gf) [c) sb|] != ;b'kof]u . (pbf) dfn kfP dfq x'Fb}g To;sf] sb ug{ klg hfGg'k
5{ .) . @= ;b\Jojxf (pbf) cfhsf] hdfgfdf ljgfsb gf]srfs klg l6St}gg\ .) . #= ;Ddfg cf
. $= k|z+;f ;x|gL . %= pkfo tlsf (pbf) h'g sbn] eP klg of] sfd ug{k ' 5{ .) . ~ bfg l
) u'0fu|fxL dfg ug]{ sb ug]{ . kq gf) sb ug]{ p2]Zon] lnlvt kdf lbOPsf] s'g} k|sfs
k|z+;fkq . sbo{ lj) [;+)] != rflxFbf] sfddf klg k};f vr{ ug{ g;Sg] sGh'; dSvLr'; s[k
0f . @= t'R5 gLr . sbnL gf) [;+)] s]f . ~ :tDe gf) s]fsf] yfd (vf; uL o1 cflbdf z'e l
Xgsf kdf kfFr lbzfdf ufl8g] jf k|j]zf cflbdf 78fOg] rflxF ) . sbfrf lj) [;+)] != ghft
rfnrng ePsf] afgLa]xf] c;n gePsf] b'frfL . gf) @= gfd|f] rfnrng b'frf . sbflrt\
[;+)] != s]xL uL s'g} sf0fn] . @= s'g} avt s'g} ;dodf slxn] slxn]sfxLF . sbflk lqm)
[;+)] != slxNo} s'g} avtdf klg . @= s]xL u] klg s'g} xfntdf klg lsdfy{ (pbf) Ltf h:
s]6L sbflk s'ntdf nfUg ;lStg .) . s2 gf) [c) sb|] x]) sb/ . sf] lj) sfObfsf] fd|f]
if{s -pbf) Zofd t s2/sf] dfG5] 5 ._ . ~ sfObf gf) tf}tlsf . sb\b ' gf) [kmf) sb\b'] k
m;L{ (af]6, s}F8f], kmn cflb) . sg\g' c) lqm) != s'g} f]u jf kl>d cflbn] si6 x'Fbf d
'vaf6 cFcF zAb lgsfNg' . @= ;sLg;sL eGg' k9\g' .

jfrg . syf s'y ' u \ L | gf) [syf s'y'u|L] syf jf To:t} :jefjsf] vf; uL nf]ssfJo . sy
fgs gf) [;+)] b[Zo >Jo sfJo (gf6s, pkGof;, syf O)) df kfOg] 36gfsf] k"jf{k qmd Pj+
rlqsf] tfbfTDo ldn]sf] syfj:t' syf;f . ~ rnlrq gf) syfgs ePsf] rnlrq, lkmr lkmNd . s
yf gfos gf) [;+)] syf, pkGof;, gf6s cflbsf] k|dv ' kfq gfos (t'n) c\) lxf]) . syfGt g
) [;+)] Ps syfsf aLrdf k;]sf] csf]{ syf pksyf ue{syf . syf k|;\u gf) [;+)] != syf, p
kGof; cflbdf k|;\ujz cfpg] ljifo, j[QfGt . @= cflwsfls syfgscGtu{t xg] k|f;l\us syfg
s . syfd'v gf) [;+)] b[Zo jf >Jo sfJosf k|:tfjgf syfsf] k|flDes c+z . syflnsf gf) [;
+)] Ps syfdf csf]{ syf hf]l8Fb} hfg] z}nLsf] Ps k'ftg cfVofg;flxTo syf . syfj:t' gf
) [;+)] cfVofg ;flxTodf k/:k/ f[\vnfdf cfwfl/t 36gfj:t' jf ljifoj:t' . syfjftf{ gf)
[;+)] != b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf w] JolQmsf aLrsf] k|foM cf}krfls s'fsfgL ukm ukmufkm jftf{
fk aftlrt . @= kf}fl0fs cfVofg . slyt lj) [;+)] != elgPsf] j0f{g ulPsf] jl0f{t plNnl
. @= tf]lsPsf] egfpFbf] eGg] pQm . (pbf) slyt JolQmn] Jolerf u]sf] xf] eGg] ;flatL ao
g lbPsf]n] lghnfO{ s}b ulPsf] 5 .) . slyg' s) lqm) [sy\ O g'] lrg' sy\g] sfo{ x'g' . sy
lj) [sy'f] P] sy'f] cyf{t\ s:t"L d[usf] em}F ePsf] (uf]?, af5f] cflb) . :qL) sy'L .
'f] gf) [;+) s:t"lss:t"] d'vdf bfx|f x'g] k'm;|f] sf] ;;fgf] ufF7Lsf] s:t"L d[u . s
f) [ sy'ofp (cfO)] sy'ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sy'ofOg' s) lqm) sy'ofpg nfOg'
pg] kflg' . sy'ofpg' ;) lqm) [ ;+) sy\p\ofpg'] != otfptfsf s'f NofO{ l7Ss kfg{'
]nfpg' . @= s'g} sfds'fdf s;}nfO{ cSsdf kfg{' cSsofpg' . sy'jf lj) [sy\pjf] sYg] sTy
ys] . > sy'jLsy'j } gf) sTysL gfL . syf]b3 \ ft gf) [;+)] gf6sdf ;"qwfsf tkm{af6 syf
k|fDe ug{sf lglDt ljleGg z}nLdf flvg] k|:tfj k|:tfjgf . syf]ksyg gf) [;+)] != gf6s,
syf, pkGof; cflbdf

sgsgLs'yL #= 7"nf] kl>d ug{' . (pbf) sg]} eP klg s l6dn] of] ;fn v l6dnfO{ lhlt5f8
sg! k|To) != sd{sfs ;Dk|bfg sfssf] cy{df k|of]udf cfpg] 7Ls cr]nsf] nfO{sf] cy{ lbg
lns k'fgf] jf\dodf kfOg] ltLof jf rt'yL{ ljelQm (dsg, fdsg O)) . @= of]hsjfrL cJoosf
] cy{ a'emfpg] c;dflksf lqmofdf nfUg] O{ k|Toodf P]lR5s kn] hf]l8g cfpg] :jfly{s k|
Too (uLsg, a;Lsg, egLsg O)) . sg@ gf) [;+) s0f] != ux'Fsf] e'm; . @= cGgsf] ;fgf]
bfgf ;f}Fnf] . #= Hofb} ;fgf] 6'qmf . sgs gf [;+)] != k|foM k|fs[lts cj:yfd} k|zf]l
wt kdf km] n f kg{ ] st} s t} wfpsf kdf ;d] t e] l 6g] , ;j{;fwf0fb]lv pRr ju{;Dd u
xgfsf kdf, s]jn pRrju{df efF8fs'F8fsf kdf k|frLg sfndf d'b|fsf] kdf ;d]t k|of]udf c
fPsf] b]lvg] kx]Fnf] sf] ax'd"No vlgh kbfy{, ;'g ;'j0f{ :j0f{ . @= wt'f] . #= knfz .
lul gf) kf}fl0fs jf\dodf plNnlvt Ps k|l;4 kj{tM ;'d? ] kj{t :j0ff{rn . rDkf gf) u'D
f s8f af:gf cfpg] kx]Fnf] ;fgf] cfsfsf] k"mn Pshftsf] au}Fr] rfFk . hLf gf) x]bf{ uf
]nfem}F 8Nnf] bfgf kmNg] t dl;gf] hftsf] Ps k|sfsf] wfg . ~ kq gf) ;'gsf kftfdf cl\s
t clen]v (pbf) h'Dnfsf ckf8fh k[YjLdNn zfxsf] sgskq, ;+) !$!#) . sgs6'jf lj) [sfg s6'
jf] RofltP, rF'l8P, n'l5P jf sfl6P cf+lzs jf k"0f{ kdf sfg lalu|Psf] (sfga'Rr], sfgsf
]q] cflb) . sgsf lj) [sfg sf] x]) sgs6'jf . sgkmf gf) [sfg kmf] != uf]Ifdtfg'ofoL ;+
sfg lr]sf] hf]uL . @= s[tg JolQm . sgsdo lj) [;+)] != ;'j0f{do ;'gf}nf] . @= kx]Fnf]
. sgsg{' gf) sfg]u'hL lgsfNg k|of]u ulg] cfrdgLsf cfsfsf] t cToGt ;fgf] Ps k|sfsf] c
f}hf , pks0f . sgsfO{ gf) [;+) sgs dfO{] k"jL{ g]kfnsf] d]rL c~rnsf] Ps k|l;4 gbL h;s
f] cfwfdf d]rL c~rnnfO{ dfO{ c~rn eGg] klg rng 5 a8L dfO{ dfO{ . sgvh'f] gf) [sfg vh'
< ;+) s0f{ vh"{] vh'fsf] ju{sf] t ;fgf], cFWoff]df h"gsLLem}F rDsg] nfDrf] Ps sLf] s
f] . sglrf lj) [sfg lr\] != sfg lr]sf] . @= sgkmf . gf) #= sgkmf hf]uL . sglrg{ ' gf
f sfkfdf pd|g] 7"n7"nf b'O{ kft dfq x'g] af]6 (t'n) c\) dgLKnfG6, ;+) >LjNnL) . s
gk6 gf) [;+) s0f{k] cfFvf sfgsf aLrsf] cjoj
182

sGr6 . (pRrf) sDk6 klg) . > sgk6L gf) sgk6 . sgkff] gf) [;+) s0f{k] sgk6 sGr6 sGkf/
sgkf; gf) [;+) s0f{kfZj] x]) sGr6 . > sgkf;] lj) sGr6 p7]sf] JolQm jf k|f0fL . sgk
mf gf) [sfg kmf] != uf]If dtfg'ofoL afx|kGyL of]uL . @= ;GGof;L h\ud;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf]
{t] ju{sf] Ps g]kfnL hft hf]uL . lj) #= sglrf sgs6'jf . sgk'mf gf) [sfg k'm\] k|foM d
f dflg;sf] Rofk'g]l e'Ss p7]sf] df;' unk'mnf] . sgl;L gf) [;+) s0f{ lz] != sgkff]sf]
g]sf] efu sGr6 slG;L . @= slG;Lsf] e'Tnf jf f}F . sg;'TnL lj) [sg;'Tnf] O{] sg;'Tn]
{dfO{) . sg;'Tn] lj) [sg;'Tnf] P] != uf]Ko lsl;dn] csf{sf] s'f] ;'Gg] :jefjsf] ( Jol
Qm) . @= kf]Ifdf csf{sf] s'f s;}nfO{ ;'gfpg] :jefjsf] . sg;'Tnf] gf) [sfg ;'Tnf]] !=
7Ls vh'fsf em}F w]} v'f x'g] t dl;gf] nfDrf] cfsfsf] sLfljz]if sgvh'f] . lj) @= n's
csf{sf] u'Kt s'f ;'Gg] JolQm sg;'Tn] (sg;'Tnf] nfUg', sg;'Tnf] k:g' cflb) . sgfO g
f) [sg\ cfO] sGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof 7;7; kl>d . sgft gf) [t')] != s'g} 7fpFdf rf}ltaf6
g]{ afSnf] sk8f eLt ;fo . @= kbf{ 5]sfaf . slgg' c) lqm) [sg\ O g'] sGg] sfd ulg' .
[;+) sl0fsf] s'6\bf v'FlbP jf sfl6P ag]sf rfdnsf dl;gf 6'qmf . slgsL gf) slgsf ;f]
;xsf rfdnsf] flz . slgs] lj) [slgsf P] != slgsfh:tf] . @= dl;g' (s'f], sfu'gf] cflb) .
#= ula s]xL gePsf] dfUg] . ~ sfu'gf] gf) dl;gf bfgf kmNg] Ps hftsf] sfu'gf] . ~ s'f]
gf) sk8f cflbdf 6fFl;g] s'fsf] Ps hft rf] sfF6L . ~ hfpnL gf) slgsfsf] hfpnf] . ~ k"
mn gf) kft 6f9faf6 x]bf{ l;:gfsf] h:tf] k"mnrflxF e'mKkfbf dl;gf] x'g,] agdff emfsf]
Ps k|sf . slgSofpg' ;) lqm) [slgsf ofp g'] s'6] jf vF'8fP w'Nofpg' dl;Gofpg' 9'6f
lj) [;+)] != ;aeGbf sd pd]sf] sfG5f] . @= cNk t'R5 . tf gf) sfG5f]kgf cNktf t'R5tf
lgli7sf gf) sfG5L cf}Fnf] sfG5L cf}FnL . slg:6 gf) [c\) Soflg:6] t]n, l3p, d6Lt]n cfl
b xfNg] l6gsf] efF8f] (rf}yfO, xfkml6g, 7"nf] l6g cflb) . sgLs'yL lqm) lj) [sgL sy\ O
{] ;sLg;sL aNntNn sl7g lsl;dn] . ( pbf) sgLs'yL ;'gfPsf] k'f0f nf]slk|o x'Fb}g .) .

183

sgLlgsfsGb's sG8]pnL gf) [sG8f] PpnL] 9f8b]lv rfssf lkmnfsf] dfem;Ddsf] efu . ~ xf8 g
f) ;f]xL efusf] 7f8f] xf8 . sG8]pnf] gf) [sG8f Ppnf]] sDdb]lv tn lt3|fb]lv dflysf] e
fu rfssf] lkmnf] lgtDa k'6\7f] sG8f}nf] . sG8}l;tsG8}l;lt lj) af]) [s08f] P] l;t] a]
f pk]Iff, lgGbf jf Jo\Uo u] elgg] zAb e'q}l;t oq}l;t v'lRr . (pbf) tF cfpFbg } ;\ e
8}l;t gcfP klg dnfO{ jf:tf 5}g) . sG8f] gf) != e'F8L 5ftLsf pN6f]ltsf] zfLls efu u
b]lv tn tyf lkmnfb]lv dfly 9f8sf bfofFafofFsf] cjoj lkl7pF kL7 sG9f] . @= u'bfsf b'j}
tsf] df+;n efu k'6\7f] k'7f] rfs . #= :qLof]lg . sG8\f}nf] gf)x]) sG8]pnf] . sG9f] g
]) sG8f] . sGtlahf]ssGtlahf]u gf) [;+) sfGt ljof]u] ;fx|} 7"nf] cfklQ lrlxnlalxn lrNnL
laNnL laNnLaf7 ;j{gfz . sGtL gf) [s8f tL] s8f nfu]sf] kmnfd jf ls6sf] a:t'efpnfO{ bfg
f lbg] cyjf eft, ltx'g cflb ksfpg] sfddf k|o'Qm x'g] ljz]if k|sfsf] cfx|L sfxL . sG
t' gf) [c\) sfpG6] != tTsfn laqmL ePsf ;fdfgaf6 cfPsf] gub fVgsf] nflu k;n]n] k|of]u
ug],{ k|foM b'nf]af6 k};f l5fpg ldNg], wft' cyjf sf7 cflbsf] 5ltf] afs; . @= To:t}
sfddf k|of]u ulg] leq cnucnu ju{sf d'b|fnfO{ 5'f5'} fVg ldNg] uL agfOPsf] b'nf] gePs
] afs; . #= uxgfu'lof bfdL j:t' fVgsf lglDt agfOPsf] afs;leq flvg] u'KtL afs; . $=
afs; ;Gb'; k]6L . sGyf gf) [;+)] != yf\gf] e'md|f] lry|flry|f k]sf] n'uf . @= w]} 6
fqmL ufF;u'; kfL agfOPsf] sk8f . wfL lj) sGyf klxlg] ula e'mq] . gf) hf]uL leIf's
sGb gf) [;+)] jg:klt cflbsf] hfdf df6fd'lg ljsl;t x'g] uf]nfsf (luf, cfn' cflb) cyj
f nDafsf (t?n, ;'7'gL cflb) ufg', h;dWo] clwsf+z vfBsf kdf s]xL cvfBsf kdf (kfgLcdn
f, u'Fb]ufg' cflb) klg x'G5g\ . sGbgL gf) x]) sGwgL . > sGbg] lj) sGbgLwfL sGwg] . sG
bd"n gf) [;+)] != df6fdlg hfsf kdf kmNg] 8Nnf] jf nfDrf] kmn sGb . @= tfO{lt kfOg] df
n jf d'8fsf cfsfsf] sf]dn hf], h;nfO{ sfFr} vfOG5 . sGbf gf) [;+)] != kxf8sf kxfx'Fbf
] cf]t nfUg ldNg] lsl;dn] lgld{t k|fs[lts u'kmf, cf]8f jf ;'? . @= kxf8L k|b]zsf]
;fF3'f] pkTosf kxf8L ;fF3'f] a]F;L . sGbk{ gf) [;+)] sfdb]j . ~ Hj gf) sfdjf;gfn] zL
fk r9\g' . sGb's gf) [;+)] != es'G8f] . @= ;fgf] tlsof .

sgLlgsf gf) [;+)] cFfvfsf] k'tnLsf] s]Gb|Lo efu gfgL . sg'jf gf) [sg\ pjf] Ps ;]sf] ;f
]x|f}F efu Ps kfpsf] rt'yf{+z 56fs . sg]38f] gf) e|flGt e\u c]d] . sgf}h gf) [;+)
] cfof{jt{sf] Ps k|frLg b]z sfGos'h . > sgf}lhof lj) k~rdxfuf}8 ju{df kg]{ a|fXd0f
xsf] Ps sf]l6 sfGos'AhLo . sgf}6f] gf) nf]sljZjf;cg';f s's'sf] em}F :jk x'g] ofqLx
fu{df afwf pTkGg ug]{ Ps clgi6sfL sfNklgs k|f0fL . sgf}tL gf) kf]N6f], r'dfg . sGs
g gf) [;+) s\s0f] uxgfsf kdf jf wfld{s lrXgsf kdf xftdf nfpg] ;'g, rfFbL, kTy, Knfl:6
s cflbsf] afnf s\s0f . sGr6 gf) [;+) s0f{t6] sgkff]sf] dflyNnf] efu slG;L . sGrg lj)
+) s~rg] != ;kmf :jR5 . @= bf]iflxt (sdfO, wg;DklQ cflb) gvt . (pbf) of] d}n] 7u] sdf
Psf] k};f xf]Og, sGrg wg xf] .) . sGr'; lj) x]) sGh'; . > sGr';L gf) sGh';L . sGr'
:ofO gf) sGr';kgf sGh':ofOF . sGhe]6 gf) [c
\)] jgh
\unsf] ;'Iff tyf ;+j4{gsf lglDt
lws[t (km]:6 clkm;) . sGhf] gf) [sGbh] != g;lk|Psf] jf emLgf] nDafsf sGbd"n (d"nf, u
;'7'gL, t?n, ;vv08 cflb) . @= ;fx|} emLgf] vfnsf] d"nf, ;vv08 cflb gdf]6fPsf] ;fgf
] hf] . sGh'; lj) nf]eL lsG6f]sL dSvLr'; . > sGh';L gf) nf]e sGh':ofOF . sGh':ofO
jf vr{ ug{ ufx|f] dfGg] gLlt nf]e s[k0ftf nf]eLkg . sG6 gf) [c
\) Soflg:6] t]n, l3p
b xfNg] l6gsf] efF8f] (rf}yfO{, xfkml6g, 7"nf] l6g cflb) . sG6]g gf) [c
\)] kmnfdaf6
ag]sf] kmf]xf] hDdf kfg]{ 7"nf] cfsfsf] 9\jf
\ jf efF8f] . sG7fO gf) [ sG7fp (cfO)]
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof x;'fO l3rfO . [ <] sG7fOg' s) lqm) sG7fpg] sfd ulg' . sG7f
lqm) [;+) s07ofpg'] 3fF6L;Dd cfpg] uL vfg' l3Rg' x;'g{' . sG8d gf) [c
)] != ;Def]usf
dodf kljflgf]wsf lglDt ln
\u 3';flg] a cflbsf] cToGt d'nfod vf]nsf cfsfsf] j:t' 9fn
@= sfd gnfUg] 2L . sG8fkl lqm) lj) [s08f]kl] ckf]If kn] ck|ToIf lsl;dn] .

sGwgLsksf]6 sGwgL gf) [k|f) g]) sl8wlg < ;+) sl6aGwgL] wf]tL, nuf}F6L cflb 3';fg{sf]
lglDt sDdjlkl afFlwg] wfuf] 8f]L, l;qmL cflbsf] kmGsf] jf a]?jf sGbgL . > sGwg] lj)
sGwgL nfpg] sGbg] (Ps lsl;dsf] ufnL dfq) . @= ;fgf] jf HofDtf] (afns) . sGg] gf)
[;+) sGof] != cljjflxtf s]6L sGof . lj) @= lax] gePsf] cyjf lax] gePsL (sGg] s]6f
]s]6L) . ~ s]6L gf) s'dfL s]6L . ~ s]6f] gf) s'df s]6f] . sGkf/f] gf)x]) sgkf/f] . sG
f gf) [;+)] != cljjflxtf s]6L sGg] s]6L . @= ljjfxsf lglDt 7Ls kflPsL s]6L b'nxL a]xn
' L . #= h:jnf gePsL, vf; uL b; jif{ ggf3]sL aflnsf . $= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f afx| flzd
Wo] 5}6f}F flz sGof flz . sGofO gf) [ sGofp (cfO)] sGofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof lrnfO df
sfo{ jf ;f] sfo{ ug]{ tlsf . [ > ] sGofOg' s) lqm) sGofpg] sfd ulg' . sGofOeGbf lr
nfO 7"nf] (pvfg) . sGofpg' ;) lqm) [;+) s08" ofp g'] lrnfPsf] jf v;d; ePsf] 7fpFdf lrn
fO dfgf{sf lglDt g cflbn] u8\g' 3fp gx'g] uL s]jn lrnfO dfq dg]{ uL zLsf] s'g} c\u
{' . sGofs'dfL gf) [;+)] != sGof . @= blIf0f eftsf] tldngf8"df kg]{ ;d'bt | 6jtL{ P
s :yfg . sGof s]6L gf) [sGof s]6L] s'dfL s]6L sGg] s]6L . sGofbfg gf) [;+)] cfgL cyjf
L sGofnfO{ j}lbs ljlwcg';f ;\sNk uL b'nfxfsf] xftdf lhDdf lbg] ;fdflhs Llt . sGofwg g
f) [;+)] bfOhf] . sGofy{ gf) [;+)] sGofkIfsf ;dIf s'g} of]Uo jsf] gfd k|:tfljt ug]
{ sfo{ . sGofyL{sGofy' { gf) [;+)] != sGof dfUg hfg] JolQm, ;d"x jf kIf . lj) @= s
Gof dfUgsf] lglDt hfg] . sG;n gf) [c\)] fhsLo jfl0fHob"t . ~ hgn gf) jfl0fHo;DaGwL sf
d ug{ Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf uP a:g] pRr:tLo sd{rfL jfl0fHob"t . slG;L gf) [ sgl;L]
] ;fd'Gg]sf] dfYnf] efudf pd|]sf f}F sgl;L . sG;'n]6 gf) [c
\)] sG;nsf] kbjL, sfo{ef j
sfof{no . ~ hgn gf) sG;nhgn . sGx]xf]n rf]s gf) [g]jf)] xg'dfg\9f]sf bafleqsf] Ps k|
;4 rf]s . sk\g' ;) lqm) [;+) lIfk\ g'] != sf7, 9'\uf cflbnfO{ s'g} xltofn] vf]Kg' . @=
To;L vf]k] a'f, d"lt{, clen]v cflb
184

lgdf{0f ug{' s'Fb\g' . #= sk]f lgsfNg] uL sf7, 9'\uf, e'OF cflbnfO{ tf5\g' . $= vf]k
L v]Nbf jfl RofFv] yflkPsf] cUnf] nSs'nfO{ g5'g] uL kflsf] lglb{i6 k};f (wft', 9'u \
f cflbsf]) nfO{ dfq nfUg] uL jfOFn] lxsf{pg' . sk! gf) [t'n) ;+) Ifk\ = kmfNg', 5]
Kg'] != d'vleq 8Nnf] vfB kbfy{ xfNg] sfd . (pbf) p;n] hDd} ld7fO{ Ps} kN6 sk kfof]
.) Sjfk . lqm) lj) @= kr kflPsf] x8\lkPsf] lkmtf{ gug]{ p2]Zon] lnOPsf] . (pbf) p;n]
d]f] wg sk kfllbof] .) . sk@ gf) [c\)] != lrof, b"w cflb vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] srf}f Kof
. @= v]ns'b, g[To, ufog cflbsf] k|ltof]lutfdf ljhoLnfO{ k':sf:jk lbOg] ljz]if k|sfsf
kfqxdWo] s'g} Ps . sk6 gf) [;+)] != 5sfP e'mSofP jf ;TonfO{ n'sfP s;}nfO{ lbOg] wf]s
5n 5SSofj6 . @= dgdf n's]sf] b'i6 efjgf jf ljrf . #= Ps kbfy{ (h:t} ;'g, rfFbL cflb
) df ;'6S ' s ld;fOPsf] csf]{ kbfy{ s; bf]if s}kmt . > sk6L lj) != sk6 ePsf] wf]s]afh
nL . @= eg]sf] gdfGg] ;'gs ] f] g;'Go} ug]{ a'em krfpg] c6] . #= dgsf] e]b cnfO{ glbg
] (k|foM lgGbfy{df, h:tf] fd]h:tf] b'i6 sk6L dfG5]sf] dgsf] s'f] rfn kfpFnf egL cf;
t u, t e gk) . sk85fg gf) [sk8f 5fg] tn kbfy{ cyjf r"0f{ kbfy{nfO{ kftnf] sk8fdf fv
df x]sf df]6f, hv{f :y"n tjnfO{ kG5fpg] sfd (k|foM cf]vtLd"nf]df) . sk8dL gf) [sk8f
cfo'j]{bLo ;flb cf}ifwL k'6 ug]{ sfddf efF8fsf] d'v 6fNg df6f]df d'l5Psf] sk8f .
sk8f gf) [k|f) sKk8 < ;+) sk{6] skf; cflbsf wfufnfO{ tfgafgdf fv] a'lgPsf] j:q jf k
lxg (sf]6, wf]tL, bf}f cflb ) tGgf, vf]n, ?dfn, emG8f kbf{ agfpgsf nflu k|of]udf c
fpg] k|foM gl;OPsf] rflxF j:t' j:q n'uf . ~ sfvfgf gf) sk8f a'Gg] oGqfno jf tfg3 . sk
gf gf) [;+) sNkg] != sf]bf] kmNbfsf] e'mKkf] . @= sf7 jf e'OF sKbf lg:sg] rf]O6f]
, rkL cflb . #= ev{ knfPsf] kfpnfsf] e'mKkf] . skgL! gf) [;+) sk{0f <] df6fsf] ;fgf
] kfnf . skgL@ gf) 3s];f;Fu ;lDdlnt kdf btf{ ePsf] v]t jf afL s];fsf] v]t s];fsf]
oM lnDa'jfgdf k|rlnt) . skg' gf) [;+) sNkg] != sfFrf] v sf6], 9n], efFlrP jf 89] x]s
fpFdf knfPsf] d'g' lklkf] 6';f] sfOgf] . @= x]) skgf . sksf]6 gf) [;+) sk{6s"6] sk8fn
5fPsf] af]sf] yf]}

185

sk/bf/sk'L skf; gf) [;+) sfkf{;] != lxpFb] gubL afnLsf kdf kfvf] hldgdf nufOg], af]6
k|foM 8]9b'O{ xft cUnf], kft kfFrr'Rr], k"mn cfDedf ;]tf] cyjf kx]n F f] cGTodf x
Nsf ftf], kmn emG8} clkmdsf] bfg' e}Fm x'g] kmn k'm6]kl5 l;dnsf h:t} e'jf lg:sg]
tyf ;f] e'jfaf6 sk8f cflbsf nflu wfuf] sfltg] Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt . @= skf;sf] em}F
e'jf lbg] s'g} klg jg:klt . (pbf) vskf;) . #= skf; jf vskf; cflbaf6 lg:sg], wfuf]
sfTg] sfddf k|of]udf cfpg] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] e'jf . skf;L gf) 5xfL jf zf]efsf lglD
t nufOg] v . skf;] lj) [skf; P] skf;sf \sf] skf;h:tf] ;]tf] cyjf kx]FNrf] . slk gf)
dfG5]sf cfsfsf] t zLdf 6Dd e'Tnf x'g], b'O{ y'g cflb nIf0fx b'?:t dfG5]s} em}F x'g]
Pj+ k'R5 x'g] (h:t}9]8', afFb, ags O)) cyjf k'R5 gx'g] (h:t} jgdfG5]) h\unL k|f0fL .
kg' qm) lqm) [sk\ O g'] skfOdf kflg' sKg] sfd ulg' . slkTy gf) [;+)] a]nh:tf] v x'g]
], v}f], a]nh:t} Toq} kmn nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 To;}sf] kmn s}y . slkWjh gf) [;+)] c
f] ;]gfsf] lrXg:jk ydf afFb ePsf] emG8f 6fFUg] k'f0f, dxfeft cflbdf jl0f{t Ps jL of]4
ch{'g . slkn gf) [;+)] != lji0f'sf rf}aL; cjtfdWo] Ps dflgPsf, ;f\Vo bz{gsf k|jt{s
Ps d'lg . @= clUgsf] Ps k . #= lznflht . lj) $= afFbsf] h:tf] ePsf] s}nf] . ~ d'lg g
) slkn . j:t' gf) != g]kfn clwfHosf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qcGtu{t n'lDagL c~rnsf] blI
f0f klZrdL efudf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . @= xfnsf] n'lDagL c~rndf kg]{ Ps k|frLg ;x jf hgk
b hxfFsf fhf z'4f]bgsf k' q sf] kdf uf} t d a' 4 hlGdPsf lyP . ( xfnsf] ltnf}fsf]6n
fO{ g} pQm 7fpF dflgPsf] 5) . ~ slknf gf) != s}nf] sf] ufO{ . @= ;'wL, b'wfn', ;Gtf
gL jf uf]tfn] ufO{ . skL gf) [c\)] != k|lts[lt k|ltlnlk gsn . @= k|lt . #= kf08'lnlk
x:tn]v . ~ xf]N8 gf) 5fkfvfgfdf sDkf]h eO;s]sf n]v cflbnfO{ d'lb|t ug{'eGbf k"j{ c
z'l4 gxf];\ eGg] x]t'n] u'?sfkL;Fu le8fO{ ?h' ug{ u'?sfkL :ki6 pRrf0fsf ;fy afr] k
|k ' ml8nfO{ ;3fpg] JolQm ;xfos k|k ' ml8 . sk'L! gf) g]kfnL j0f{dfnfcg';f lzz'xsf
fsf] lglDt s j0f{nfO{ lbOPsf] Ps gfd (h:t}sk'L s, df]6f] v, ufO{uf]8] u cflb) .

lbg a:g] 7fpF lbjfnL cflb ulFbf sk8fn] af]sf] k"hf:yfg . skbf gf) [;+) skb{wfs] != z
fnLg bafdf fhfsf] vhfgfsf] lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] x]rfx ug]{ pRr sd{rfL lhG;L vhfGrL . @=
fw'lgs sfnLg fhbafsf] Ps ;fwf0f sd{rfL . > skbfL gf) skbfsf] sfo{ jf kb . skb{ g
z\vju{df kg]{ ;fgf]vfn] j:t' sf}8L sf}8f . @= hf]uLxn] lzdf agfPsf] skfnsf] h'f] . >
skbL{ gf) skb{wfL JolQm dxfb]j . skbL{ gf) [t'n) lx) sa8\8L] d}bfgnfO{ b'O{ efudf af
F8] afa ;\Vofdf k|To]s efudf kIfLljkIfL eO{ cfnf]kfnf] uL Ps kIfsf] v]nf8L Psf]xf]f]
;n] ljz]if Wjlg pRrf0f uL ljkIfLsf] Onfsfdf k'uL s;}nfO{ 5f]P kmsL{ cfpFbf ;kmn t pt
} 3]lP ;f; km]g{ jfWo x'Fbf c;kmn eO{ d}bfgaf6 lgsflng] Ps }yfg] v]n (o; v]ndf pQm
v]nf8Lff 5f]OPsf] ljkIfL klg lgsflnG5) xlu'88 ' ' x'tt ' ' kGhf . skfO gf) [ sk\ (
sKg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ >] skfOg' s) lqm) sKg nfOg' . skfpg' k|) ] lqm) sKg nfpg'
. skfsk lqm) lj) [sk\cfsk\] nuftf Ps ufF;kl5 csf]{ ufF; xfNb} (vfFb} hfg] lsl;d) vkf
vk ukfuk . skf6 gf) [;+)] != ofn jf 9f]sf . @= 9f]sf b}nf] . #= ofn jf 9f]sfsf b'O{ k
mUn]F6fdWo] s'g} Ps vfkf . $= kmlsf] . skfn gf) [;+)] != dfG5] jf ;f] ;xsf] hgfjsf] 6
fpsf] . @= s'g} klg k|f0fLsf] 6fpsfsf] k|foM l;
\uf] xf8 vKk vf] (t'n) xf8vf]) . #= d
] cflbsf 6fpsfsf] f}F s]z . $= hf]uL;GGof;L cflbsf] leIffkfq . ~ lqmof gf) bfx;+:sfsf
6fpsf;Fu ;DalGwt sfo{snfk . ~ b'vfO gf) 6fpsf] b'Vg] f]u 6fpsfsf] s'g} efu jf ;Dk"
0f{ 6fpsf]df pTkGg x'g] kL8f lrGtf jf lkmqmL . (pbf) ltdLn] dnfO{ lr7L gn]v] skfnb'
vfOsf] l;sf t'Nofof}) . skflnsf gf) [;+)] != b]jLsf] d'08dfnf nufpg] xftdf vKksf] k
fq lng] Ps ljz]if k sfnL r08L . skfnL! gf) [;+)] !=vKkdf eLv dfu] vfg] JolQm (leIf's,
;GGof;L O)) . @= lzj dxfb]j . #= e}j . $= g]jfL efiff dft[efiffsf kdf af]Ng] gfy;Dk|
bfoL Ps hft s':n] . skfnL@ gf) != lwtf] gePsf] cyjf lwtf] eP tfklg sf0fjz lwtf]lxt x
'g k'u]sf] td;'ssf] Ps lsl;d . lj) @= To; lsl;dsf] (td;'s) skfnL;Fu ;DalGwt (n]gb
]g O)) . ~ td;'s gf) To; lsl;dsf] lnvt td;'s .

sk'/Lsafkm sk'L@ gf) l;sf sf6] lgsflnPsf] cfGb|fe'8 F L (8f]NkfnL) . sk'Lsk' ] lj)
= sk"h:tf] (af:gf cfpg] jf uf]f] ) . gf) @= kfgsf] Ps lgDg hflt . ~ kfg gf) sk'Lsk']
~ cfk gf) sk"em}F af:gf cfpg] cfFk . sk't gf) [;+) s'kq ' ] != vfa cfr0f ePsf] 5f]f
df; 5f]f] s'k'q . lj) @= km6fxf b'i6 abdf; . sk' gf) [;+) sk{ " ] != l;Ggfdf]dd Sof
gfds j[If cyjf pQm j[Ifaf6 k|fKt x'g] :kml6sem}F kfbz{s, p8gwdL{ cf}ifwL, k"hgsf
o{df aflng] aQL cflbsf kdf k|of]udf cfpg] kbfy{ . @= sk"em}F :kml6sfsf kdf kl0ft lkmg
fon ef]6]sk" . gnL gf) Ps k|sfsf] v . kQLkftL gf) sk"sf] em}F af:gf cfpg] tLt]k
f] af]6 x'g] jg:klt . aQL gf) k"hfcfhf ubf{ cftLsf kdf aflng] sk"sf] aQL . sk"t gf)
]) sk't . sk"/ gf) x]) sk'/ . sk]f] gf) [;+)] != afF;sf] ef6f]eGbf klg kftnf] lrf] .
@= sk] lems]sf] ef6f], eft cflbsf] rf]OnL rf]OnL . #= sKtfv]l lgl:sPsf] 9'u \ f, sf
7 cflbsf] rf]O6f] . $= afF;sf] cfFVn}lkR5] nk]l6P xg], ;'s]kl5 cfkmF} emg]{ RofDk6
L 3'dfpg], lttf}f kfg]{ cflb sfddf k|of]u ulg] ;'Knf] va6f] . skf]t gf) [;+)] 9's';Fu
ldNbf]h'Nbf] Ps k|sfsf] kIfL h;sf ljleGg k|sf x'G5g\ (3kfnf, dn]jf, b]pav'F O)) .
j[lQ gf) eljiosf] nflu ;~ro gug]{ afgL jf gLlt b; 7fpF rxfL ulg] hLljsf (h:t} k']TofO
, leIff6g, k'xG ' sL O)) s'Ss'6j[lQ . j|tL lj) ;xgzLn ;xg] . skf]n gf) [;+)] dfG5] j
f kz'sf] sGr6d'lg sfg d'vsf aLrsf] df]6fpFbf k'Ss p7\g] b'AnfpFbf :ofKk a:g] efu
ufnf] ufnf . ~ sNkgf gf) cJofjxfls jf sf]f sNkgf dgu9Gt] sNkgf lgfwf cg'dfg jf c8sn
slNkt lj) skf]nsNkgf ulPsf] . sK6]lg' c) lqm) [sK6]f] O g'] afF; jf To;} ju{sf jg:kl
nf], dfln\uf] cflb) lrlP jf kmf]lP sK6]fdf kl0ft x'g' . sK6]f] gf) [sk\ 6]f]] afF
;Gsf]eGbf df]6f] ef6f] cyjf sK6]f]eGbf dl;g' lrf] . sK6]ofO gf) [ sK6]l (cfO)] gf) s
] kg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sK6]ofOg' s) lqm) sK6]f kflg' . sK6]ofpg' k|]) lqm) s
6]fdf kl0ft ufpg' sK6]f] kfg{' . sKtfg gf) [c
\) SofK6g] != kN6gsf] nK6geGbf dfly Pj+
heGbf d'lgsf] ;}lgs clkm; jf p;sf] kb ;x;]gfgL . @= kfgLhxfh jf xjfO{hxfhsf] d'Vo r
fns . #= es'G8f]
186

cflb v]ndf k|To]s l6dsf] gfos . sKk lqm) of]) [c) d") sk\k] Ps} uKkmf x'g] uL (s]xL
s'f] d'vleq xfNg] tlsf) SjfKk VjfKk . sKk'! gf) [;+) sk{] 6fpsfsf] Pp6f xf8 . sKk'@
) [sKkp] xft}n] sf]r ] d'vdf xflng] kbfy{ (df;'sf] rf]S6f], eft, n8\8', k]8f, s'fpg
L cflb) sf] ufF; uKkmf uKk'm . > sKKofO gf) sKKofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . sKKofOg' ' s)
lqm) sKk' nufOg' uKkmf nufP lglng' sKnSs vfOg' jf lglng' . sKKofpg' ;) lqm) sKk' nu
fpg' uKkmf nufP lgNg' sKnSs vfg' jf lgNg' uKofpg' . sKnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") sKns\s] P
sKk' x'g] uL (vfg] jf lgNg] lsl;d) . sKNofpg' ;) lqm) [sKnSsofpg'] sKnSs vfg' jf lgN
g' . sKNofss'Kn's lqm) lj) [c) d") sKNofs\c (l))] xtflFb} nuftf Pskl5 csf]{ uKkmf lgn
] To;L s'g} vfB kbfy{ ;Sg] lsl;dn] . sKNofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") sKNofs\s] sKnSs vfFbfsf
] eGbf 7"nf] ufF; d'vdf xfn] (lgNg] lsl;d) . skm! gf) [;+)] != k|foM Zjf;gnLaf6 sl
xn]sxLF kmf]S;faf6} klg VjfSs vf]s] aflx lgsflng] l;
fg] kbfy{ Zn]id vsf . @= cfo'j]{b
f cg';f tLg bf]if (jft, lkQ, skm) dWo] Ps . sfL lj) vfFbf skm a9fpg] (j:t') . hlgt
) skmff pTkGg ePsf] (f]u, ljsf cflb) . gfzs lj) skm lgsf] kfg]{ jf 36fpg] (cf}ifwL)
skm@ gf) [c\)] sldhsf afx'nfsf] d'v df]xf]tf] . skmNnskmNnf] lj) [;+) skmn <] != a]:
jfbsf] vNnf] . @= a]sDdf 2L . #= lgwf]{ lga{lnof] . skmL gf) [c\)] != lrpnLsf h:tf kf
t vlgpFsf h:tf e'mKkfe'mKkf eP ;]tf] sf] kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 To;sf] kmn jf pQm kmn e'6
agfOPsf] w"nf] . @= pQm w"nf] kfgLdf ldnfP lrofem}F vfOg] k]o kbfy{ . saO{ gf) [t
'n) ;+) sfsdfrL] laxLFsf em}F t kfs]kl5 sfnf jf ftf emG8} nfnu]8Lsf hqf kmn kmNg]
Ps emf sa} . ~ df5f gf) leq sfF9s } fF9f x'g] ;fgf] hftsf] df5f . sarsah gf) [c)] xfn
sf] fi6|A of\s plxn] d'ns ' Lvfgfsf] cj:yfdf 5Fbf xflsd cflbsf] xfn;flasL x'Fbf gu
bL jf lhG;L ;DklQsf] a'ema'emfykl5 xfnjfnfn] ;flasjfnfnfO{ lbg] ekfO{ . saGw gf) [;
+)] != 6fpsf] gePsf] zL luF8 . @= b0osf0odf fdrGb|n] df]sf] fIf; . saL gf) [;+)] r
safkm gf) [c) safa] ljz]if k|sfsf] l3pt]n, dd;nf xfnL emf]nljgf u'D;fP ksfOPsf] df;'
kSs' . ~ lrgL

187

saf;sdn sAhf@ gf) [c) sAh] ofn, 9f]sfsf vfkfnfO{ rf}sf];df h8\g] cyjf ;Gb'; cflbsf
3f]K6]nfO{ d"n eful;t h8\g] sfddf k|oQ ' m x'g,] sfk], ln jf r]kj ' fem}F bf]afg{
kmfpg ldNg] x'b F f p3fg{ nufpg ;lhnf] kg]{ wft'sf] Ps k|sfsf] ;fdfg . slAhot gf)
[c) sAh kmf) Oot] ljleGg sf0fn] ;dodf lb;f gx'g], eP tfklg vnf; gx'g] cyjf a8\sf}Fn
f jf uf]6fsf cfsfsf] lb;f x'g] f]u sf]i7a4tf . sa| gf) [c)] d'bf{ uf8\g] jf ufl8Psf]
7fpF (k|foM d';ndfg ;dfhdf af]lng]) lrxfg . > sla|:tfg gf) sa| lrxfg] rf} (au}r F f,
ynf] O)) . sd lj) [kmf)] != s'g} vf; dfqf, ;\Vof, u'0f, kldf0f cflbeGbf yf]} 36L sDt
. @= ckof{Kt jf gu0odfqf, ;\Vof cflbsf] yf]} clnslt Go"g . sdhf] lj) [kmf)] an gePs
lga{lnof] b'a{n lgD5f] lgD;f] . > sdhf]L gf) sdhf] cj:yf, l:ylt, :jefj cflb b'a{n
tL . sd08n' gf) [;+)] ;fw';GGof;Ln] st} ofqf ubf{ xftdf e'mG8fP lxF8\g ldNg], 6'6L
ePsf] cyjf gePsf] plemG8f]jfn wft', gljn cflbsf] hnkfq . sdgLo lj) [;+)] != clt fd|
f] d0fLo xnfUbf] dgf]x ;'Gb . @= sfdgf ug{ of]Uo OR5f ug{ nfos sfDo . tf gf)
gL, u'0f jf k . sd gf) [kmf)] dfG5] jf ;f];xsf k|f0fLsf] cyjf rf}kfofdWo] klg l;+x,
efn', cflb s]xL k|f0fLsf] lt3|f k]6sf] hf]gL{g]sf] efu sl6 sDd . k]6LaGbaGbL gf)
f sDdd'lgsf] n'uf ;] tn gemf];\ eGg] x]t'n] uf}0f kdf sDddflysf kf];fs (donkf];, bf
)) 5ltf];Fu hLpdf ldnf];\ eGg] cyjf k]6 7"nf] eP ;f] e2f gb]lvof];\ eGg] x]t'n] s
Ddg]l afFlwg] ljz]if k|sfsf] lkmQf . sdn gf) [;+)] kf]vL jf hnfzodf pd|g] lkF8fNg], k
fgkft], s'DeL, hns'DeL cflbem}F b]lvg] kfgLleq lkF8fn'sf h:tf 8fF7 x'g], kfgLdfl
y eG8} lkF8fn'sf em}F kft txlP xg] d"n 8fF7 s]xL csfl;P dfly k'uL To;df hftcg';fsf]
tf],gLnf],;]tf],kx]Fnf] cflb) sf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps jg:klt jf To;sf] k"mn k s'db ' k\s
~ s]; gf) sdnsf] k"mnsf] u'efdf x'g] kfuo'Qm s];|f . uf gf) k|foM n]sfnL hftsf sdnd
nfUg] lbpn e'6] k'mfPkl5 dvgf sxnfpg] kmn kaLh . ~ gog lj) sdnk"mnsf kqem}F nfDrf c
Fvf ePsf] (JolQm) . gogfgogL lj) != To:tf cfFvf x'g] (:qL) kqfIfL . gf) @= lji0f'sf
Ps xhf gfddWo] Ps . gfe lj) != gfledf sdn ePsf]

gf) ;lhjgsf ;'ss ] f sf];fsf] rkfP kfgL vfFbf u'lnof]kg cg'ej x'g] lbpn zLtnlrgL .
saf; gf) x]) skf; . > saf;] gf) != k|foM saf; dfq x'g] kfvf] hldg . lj) @= x]) sk
f;] . sla gf) [c) saL/] wfld{s ;Dk|bfok|jt{s Ps eftLo ;Gt slj saLkGysf ;+:yfks . kGy
f) saLk|jlt{t Ps wfld{s ;Dk|bfo . kGyL lj) saLkGysf] ;b:o jf cg'ofoL . slanbfslanbf
) [c) sljnf kmf) bf (O{)] hxfg 5f]f5f]L ePsf] kljfo'Qm hxflgofF . slanf gf) [c) sa
xfg hxfg5f]f5f]L . @= l;\u} Ps hflt Ps kljfsf kdf x]sf (ca, dWoPl;of cflbdf k|frL
dfWolds sfn;Dd k|z:t b]vf klcfPsf kGt' cfw'lgs sfndf gj;Eotfsf k|efjn] ubf{ n'Kt
k|foM) c;\Vo dfgjbndWo] s'g} Ps (pbf) afasf] slanf, t}d'nsf] slanf, r\u]h vfFsf] sla
ca|fxdsf] slanf, O;|fonsf] slanf, d';fsf] slanf cflb) . saL/ gf) x]) sla/ . kGy g
f) x]) sla/kGy . kGyL lj) x]) sla/kGyL . sa'n\g' ;) lqm) [c) sa"n] sa'n ug{' k|ltIff
ug{' dGh' ug{' :jLsf ug{' dfGg' . > sa'nfO gf) sa'Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . sa'n gf) [
sa"n] != s'g} s'f] lbg], dfGg] jf ug]{ jrg jfrfaGwg af]nsaf]n . @= :jLs[lt :jLsff]lQm
jrga4tf . #= k|lt1f k|0f c7f]6 ;\sNk . gfdf gf) af]nsaf]n n]lvPsf] lnvt dGh'Lgfdf
tkq . sa'lnot gf) [c) sa'lnot] cfk"mn] sa'n u]sf] s'f n]lvPsf] sfut k|lt1fkq dGh'gfdf
fsfkq . gfdf af]nsaf]n n]lvPsf] lnvt . sa]nL gf) [sfs aNnL <] sfFqmfsf] em}F nxfdf 30
6L cfsfsf 7"nf7"nf kx]Fnf efn]kf]yL k"mn k'mnL kf]yLrflxF k"mnaf6 cfDedf uf jf s}F8f
kmnL kl5 a8]df cfsfsf] kmn kmNg] Ps k|l;4 nxf] jf tsf{L cflbsf kdf k|o'Qm x'g] To;}
sf] kmn km;L{ sb\b' . sa} lqm) lj) [;+) sbflk] s'g} klg ;dodf slxn] klg (k|foM lgif]
wjfSodf k'fgf kBxdf k|oQ ' m, h:t} 5f]f] xf] elg k|d ] ug{' ;an] x]nf gug{" sa}) . sa
]n gf) x]) sa'n . sAhf! gf) [c) sAh] != s'g} JolQm, j:t' jf 7fpFpk hdfOg] clwsf jz lg
Gq0f cflwkTo . lj) @= sAhf ePsf] j:t', 7fpF jf JolQm . (pbf) o'4df ;}lgsxn] cfgf ;fd
fg;Fu gld;fO{ sAhf ;fdfgxnfO{ cnUu fv] .)

sdnfsldgL . gf) @= lji0f'sf xhf gfddWo] Ps . gfn gf) sdnsf] 8fF7 sdnsf] gfn jf 8fFVn
f] . lkQ gf) sn]hfdf s'g} k|sfsf] ljsf x'Fbf lkQk|0ffnLdf u8a8L pTkGg x'g uO{ cfDedf
cfFvf clnkl5 ;ff zL kx]n F f] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] 3fts f]u kx]Fn] lkQf]u ufof] sfd
f) [;+) sdn] != lji0f' eujfg\sL kTgL nIdLsf] Ps gfd . @= wgsL b]jL . #= g]kfnsf]
Ps k|l;4 gbLsf] gfd sdnfdfO{ sdnf@ gf) [t'n) a\) sdnf n]Da' = ;'Gtnf] x]bf{ ;'Gtnf
h:t} b]lvg], vfFbf eg] s]xL cldnf] af]w x'g] h'gf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] Ps kmn jf To;sf
] af]6 . sdnfs gf) [;+)] != sdnsf] emf . @= sdnkf]vL . #= lji0f' . $= a|Xdf . sdnfIf
lj) [;+)] sdnsf k"mnsf] kqem}F nfDrf cfFvf ePsf] sdngog . > sdnfIfL lj) != To:tf c
fFvf ePsL (:qL) sdngogf sdngogL . gf) @= sf7df8f}Fdf x]sf] Ps k|Voft 6f]n . sdnfbL g
f) [;+) sdnflb] g]kfn clwfHosf] fhwfgL sf7df8f}lF eq kg]{ Ps 6f]n Ps k|l;4 u0f]z:yf
g . sdnfdfO{ gf) k"jL{ g]kfnsf] hgsk' c~rndf kg],{ t6df cg]sf}F tLy{:yn ePsf] Ps k
|l;4 gbL . sdnf;g lj) [;+)] != sdnsf] cf;gdf a:g] (JolQm) . gf) @= ;[li6stf{ a|Xd
fhLsf] Ps gfd kf;g . sdlngL gf) [;+)] h'gn ] L ftdf k'mNg] egL k|frLg sfJoxdf j0f{g u
lPsf] Ps hftsf] sdn . sdnf] lj) [;+) sf]dn] != sf]dn lrNnf] ;nSs k]sf] d'nfod . @= 6f
Sbf, kmf]bf{ ;lhn} 6f]lsg] jf kmf]lg] gd . #= bofn' sf]dn lrQ ePsf] csf{sf] jf cfgf]
Mvff ljXjn x'g] :jefjsf] . $= bfgL :jefjsf] kmsfpFbf ;lhn} kmlsg] . sd;n lj) [kmf) s
d c;n] != df]n, u'0f, afgL, :t, l6sfpkg, pkof]lutf cflbdf ck]Iffs[t sd dxjk"0f{ 3l6of
. @= vfa gfd|f] . #= gfnfos . sdfO gf) [ sdfp (cfO)] != sdfpg] jf cflh{g] lqmof jf k
lqmof . wdfO gf) sdfpg} kg]{ sfd . @= sDk x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sdfOg' s)
lqm) != sdfpg] sfd ulg' cflh{g' . @= sfDg nufOg', yyfOg' . sdfpg'! ;) lqm) [;+) sDk =
sfdcfpg'] != xNnfpg' . (pbf) p;n] zL a];L sdfof]) . k|]) lqm) @= sfDg nufpg' . (pbf)
fdLn] lrGtf a;] dwf}?nfO{ lgs} a];Dd sdfof]) . sdfpg'@ ;) lqm) [sfdcfpg'] != rn jf cr
n ;DklQ hDdf ug{' cfh{g jf pkfh{g ug{' sdfO ug{' cflh{g' . @=
(JolQm)
188

v]t jf afLdf afnL nufO{ ef]urng ug{' . #= ;'g, rfFbL cflb wft'nfO{ uxgfdf kl0ft ug
{' uxgfu'lof agfpg' . $= k'/fgf] rngcg';f/ jif}l{ kR5] afnL eg]{ uL bdfO{n F ] n'uf
l;pg], sfdLn] xltof agfpg] cflb sfd ug{' . sdf8 lrkm gf) x]) sdfG8 Og lrkm . sdfg!
gf) [c
\) sdfG8 ] h
\uL x}sd jf clVtof h
\uL cfb]z . sdfg@ gf) [kmf)] afF; jf wft'af6 lg
d{t, g'ufpgsf lglDt b'O{ 6'Kkfdf tfFbf] hl8g] wg'ifsf] cw{j[Qfsf efu wg' . sdfgL gf
) [kmf) sdfg] != eff]Qf]ngsf nflu hl8g], bx|f] tfaf6 lgld{t nlrnf] oflGqs pks0f l:k|

. @= 38Ldf bd lbFbf k6'sf sl;Pem}F sl;g] bd lgv|Fbf v's'lnP k'mSg] Ps oflGqs k|0f
fnL . #= :d0fzlSt tyf ljj]s;Fu ;DalGwt :gfo'xsf] k|0ffnL (dfG5]df ;Lldt) . bf lj) !=
a'l4dfg\ :d0fzfnL t]h:jL (JolQm) . @= sdfgLjfnf x}sdjfnf . sdfG8 gf) [c
\)] ;]gfsf]
pkflw klt (h:t} rd"kltM sf] sdfG8) . ~ Oglrkm gf) != k|wfg ;]gfklt . @= f0ffsfnLg rL
fx]a cyjf sdf8rLkm . sdfG8L lj) [sdfG8 O{] != sdfG8;DaGwL sdfG8sf] sfd ug]{ . gf) @=
G8sf] rfnf (pbf) tkfO{Fsf] sdfG8Ln] dnfO{ s] uof] v} ) . ~ lstfavfgf gf) ;sfL hflu
dgfdf;L tnasf] nut btf{ ug]{ c8\8f (sd{rfL k|zf;g Joj:yf ljefusf] k"j { k .) . sdff
luL gf) [sdff] luL] sdft{g bf;tf . sdff] gf) [;+) sdf{ sfdL] ;+) !(*! ;fndf slof
bf k"j{ s[lifb]lv lnP 3]n' sfddf ;d]t u[x:yn] ;DklQsf kdf lsga]r ug]{ u]sf] >ldsju{s
f] JolQm slof bf; 3tL{ vjf;] . :qL) sdfL . > sdft{g gf) sdffluL bf;tf bf;Tj . sd
!= s'g} cgf}7f], cb\et ' jf rdTsflnf] sfo{ rdTsf . @= cfZro{hgs bIftf jf s'zntf . (
pbf) t]lGh gf]u]{n] ;udfyf r9] sdfn u] .) sf] lj) cgf}7f] cb\e't cfZro{hgs (JolQm
j:t', O)) . sldrsldh gf) [c) sdL;] bf}f, s'tf{, donkf]; cflbem}F sdeGbf dfly nufOg]
, tgfsf] ;f6f] 6fFs, r]g cflb hl8g], afx'nf k"f jf cfwf x'g], cfwf afx'nf eP ;fwf0
f df]xf]tf x'g], k"f afx'nf eP skm x'g] tyf 3fF6Ldf sn gfds s0ff{sf s7fnf] x'g] cg]
sf}F k|sfsf pQLo j:qdWo] s'g} Ps (xfkm sldh, km['n sldh cflb) . sld6L gf) [c\)] x])
;ldlt . sldgL gf) [sfdL OgL] != sfdLsf] :qLln\uL k . @= sfdLhftsL gfL jf sfdLsL kTgL .

189

sldnL ;nxsDkfpG8 sd}of gf) [sfd P]of] != hUufwgLs} gubL lhG;L shf{ lnP ;kljf csf{sf]
uf sdfpg] ls;fg x?jf (t'n) d}lynL xjf) . lj) @= sfddf ;fx|} hf]ltg ;Sg] sdfOjfn cfh{
gL kf}vL lxsdtL (t'n) d}lynL sds) . sdf]t gf) [sfd cf]t] v]tafL sdfpg] sfd . ~ a:tL
df]t ePsf] jf x'g nfos a:tL cfafb a:tL . > sdf]tL gf) != sdf]t . @= sdf]taf6 cfPsf
] cfo:tf cfh{g . sdf}6 gf) [sfd cf]6] != x]) sdf]t . @= uxgfu'lof jf ] efF8fs'8 F f c
flb sdfpg] jf sdfpg nufpg] sfd . > sdf}6 gf) sdf]t jf sdf}6 ug]{ JolQm jf hflt (v
]tfnf, xnL, ;'gf, nf]xf cflb) . lj) #= sdf]t jf sdf}6 ug]{ . sdf}t gf) [sfd cf}t] hUu
fhldg sdfpg] sfd sdf}6 . > sdf}tL gf) sdf]tL . sdf}t] gf)lj) sdf}6] . sD3f;f gf) [g]j
f) s\3f;f] ;fg' hftsf] s]fp kfgLdf 98fO{ lkFw] n]bf] kfL agfOPsf] cfnf] crf . sDtf l
[sd tf] sDtL yf]} 36L Go"g . slDtof gf) [sfdt Oof] v]tafLsf] sdfOsf lglDt hUufwgLn] s
fv]sf] k|dv ' sd{rfL sf]7fL ;]fnf] . sDtL lj) [sd tL] != yf]} sd 36L ckof{Kt G
lbPsf] ld7fO{ w]} sDtL eof] .) . lqm) lj) @= yf] dfqf, ;\Vof, kldf0f jf u'0f . (pbf
) lxhf] ltdLn] ;'gfPsf] uLt sDtL dL7f] lyPg) . ~ klg lqm) lj) sdeGbf sd dfGbf klg y
f]}eGbf yf]} x'Fbf klg . df lqm) lj) yf]}eGbf yf]} dfqf cflbdf . df klg lqm) lj)
klg sDtLdf . sDk gf) [;+)] eF}rfnf], sfdHjf], xfjf cflbff e'O{F, hLp, kft cflb xlNnPe
m}F xlNng] cyjf sfFKg] lqmof jf k|lqmof sFkfO sDkg xNnfO ytsf]{ ysf]{ . sDkg gf) [;+)
sfFKg] jf yyfpg] sfd sDk . sDkgL gf) [c\)] != la|l6;sfndf rn]sf] eftLo d'b|f . @= ;}
gssf] u0feGbf ;fgf] Ps vf; PsfO u'Nd . #= kmf}hL hjfgxsf] ;d"xljz]if (lbJof])) . $
= cf}Bf]lus jf Jofkfls ;+:yf ;~rfng ug{ sfg'gL cfwfdf ;\ul7t JolQmxsf] ;d'bfo . %= p
Qm ;d'bfo;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf sfof{no . ~ sfg'g gf) sDkgLsf lgod, P]g \ , bfloTj,
clwsf cflb;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'g sDkgLnfO{ lgolGqt ug]{ sfg'g . ~ ;sf gf) ;g\ !*%& sf] l;
kfxL ljb|fx ] kl5 ;f]em} la|l6; ;sfn] zf;g xftdf lng'eGbf klxn] fhwfgL snsQfaf6 s]x
L c\uh ]| xn] a]nfOtsf] cg'dlt lnP rnfPsf] cw{:jfoQ ;sf . sDkfpG8 gf) [c\)] != lubf
f{n jf s'g} k|sfsf] af cflbdf x]sf] Ps jf PseGbf a9L k|j]zfaf6 leq k:g]

sldnL ;nx lqm) lj) [sldnf] ;x] != sldn};x 5f;5f;tL :ofpF:ofpFtL au|]NtL . lj) @= w]
k|foM ;\Vof) . sldnf] gf) [t'n) kfln lskLlnsf] u'lnof] cflb :jflbnf kbfy{ ?rfpg],
b'nf, uf]nf jf kftdf u'F8 nufP k'mn kfg]{, Ct'cg';f k'mn cflb af]s] 7fpF ;g]{, elji
osf] nflu cGg k"mn cflb ;~ro ug]{ kLFwdf af?nf cflbsf] em}F lrNg] vLn x'g], hLjl
j1fgsf cg';f kmld{l;8L kljfdf kg]{ Hofb} ;fgf]bl] v lnP l7Sssf] ;fgf] cfsfdf hftcg';
f] df b]vf kg]{ efn], kf]yL gk'+;s;d]t ;lDdlnt eP ;d'bfo u7g uL ;fd"lxs kdf xg] Ps
sf] sLf] . sld;g gf) [c\)] != s'g} j:t' lsga]r ubf{ a]kfLn] dfn lsGg] ufxsLnfO{ df]n
df s]xL sd 36fP lbg] ;'ljwf . @= s'g} pTkfbs jf yf]s ljtsn] v'h'f a]kfLnfO{ yf]s dfn
lnPafkt lgwf{lt df]ndf s]xL k|ltzt 36fO{ lbg] ;'ljwf . #= Jofkfls bnfn jf dWo:y Jo
fkfLn] cfk"meGbf dflyNnf] txsf] JofkfLaf6 cfk"mn] bnfnL jf dWo:ytf u]afkt kfpg] kfl>
lds bnfnL . $= x]) cfof]u . sld:g gf) [c\)] != fhgLlts lgo'lQmsf cfwfdf lgo'Qm x'g] c
rn jf lhNnfsf k|d'v ;d:ofxsf] ]vb]v ug]{ Ps pRr kb jf kbflwsfL . @= c~rnfwLzsf] Joj
:yf x'ge ' Gbf klxn] g]kfnsf] fhwfgL sf7df8f}d F f a8fxflsdsf] ;f6f] sfd ug]{ uL t
}gfy ulPsf] a8fxflsdeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] kb jf kbflwsfL . sdL gf) [sd O{] != rflxFbf]e
Gbf sd x'g] eOx]sf] ;\Vof, dfqf, bhf{, dfg, u'0f, kldf0f cflb 36\g hfg] cj:yf jf l:
ylt ePsf] jf rflxPsf] eGbf yf] x'g] cj:yf cNktf Go"gtf ckof{Kttf 36L . @= efp cflbsf]
dGbL . sd]gfsd]gL gf) [sfdL PgfPgL] sfdLhftsL :qLnfO{ dfg hgfpg] zAb . sd] ] lj) [sd]
sd]f]h:tf] sd]fsf 5fF6sf] ;]tf] sf] wldnf] (k|foM tn kbfy{) . ~ kfgL gf) ;]tf] sf]
kfgL;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] ePsf] cfwfdf hfF8nfO{ lbOg] u]sf] Jo\ufTds ;+1f (t'n) gl;{6\jf
s S;L, gd rfgf ;'Fu'sf] df;', e'Tn] ;fus'v'fsf] df;' cflb) . sd]f] gf) [;+) s' = k
= df6f] <] r"gh:t} kf]t ] 3 cflb l;Fufg]{ sfd lnOg] Ps k|sfsf] lrKnf] ;]tf] df6f]
(t'n) h'dnL s'd]6f]sd]f]) . sd} gf) [sd O{] != k|foM 3'd 5fKg] sfddf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf]
7"n7"nf kft ePsf] nxf] . lj) @= cNktfaf]ws zAb sdsf] lgZro, ;Ldf, cjwf0ff, c7f]6 cflb
hgfpFbfsf] k . (pbf) wgdf d ltdLeGbf sd} x'Fnf, t dgdf sd 5}g) .

sDkfpG8/s ejg, cfFug, k6f\lugL, sf]7a ] fL cflb;lxtsf] hUuf SofDk . @= f;folgs j:t'x
ld>0f . sDkfpG8 gf) [c\)] != c:ktfnxdf 8fS6nfO{ ;3fpg], cf}ifwLpkrfsf] ;DaGwdf ;d]t
:qLo 1fg ePsf] Ps kb jf ;f] kbsf] JolQm . @= :gfts pkflweGbf tnsf] pkflwk|fKt k'
?if cf}ifwLljz]if1 :jf:Yo;xfos x]Ny cl;:6]G6 . > sDkfpG8L gf) sDkfpG8n] k9\g] ljBf j
g]{ sfo{ . sDkfodfg lj) [;+) ] sfFlkx]sf] yxL eOx]sf] 8f]nfodfg . sDkff] gf) [sfg
sGkff] . sDkf; gf) [c\)] != lbzfx 5'6fpg] oGq lbUbz{g oGq lbS;fwgoGq . @= ]vful0ft
f cflbdf j[Q, cw{j[Q jf v08j[Q sf]g]{ Ps ;fdfg ksf{n . > sDkf;] lj) sDkf;sf] sfd u
g]{ . gf) sDkf;ff hldgsf] gS;f cflb sf]g]{ sfddf cldgnfO{ ;3fpg] sfdbf . slDkt lj) [
;+) ] sfFk]sf] sfd]sf] xlNnPsf] yls{Psf] . lz gf) != 6fpsf] sfDg] f]u . lj) @= ;f]
nfu]sf] (JolQm) . sDk' gf) [c\) SofDk] ;}lgsxsf] 5fpgL h\uL pklgj]z . ~ sf]t gf) kN6g
f] kf];fs, ;fhafh, lg;fg, xftxltof cflb fVg] 3 c;afavfgf . ~ lthf{ gf) f0ffsfnLg zf;g
f ;}lgs hjfgxnfO{ axfn 5pGh]n j]tgsf] ;f6f] Ps jif{sf] afnL vfg kfpg] ;t{df lbOg]
u]sf] ulxL jf kfvf] hUuf tf]lsPsf] ;sfL k'hf{ h\uL hUufegf{sf] sfut . sDkf]h gf) [c
5fkfvfgfdf cIfdf ljleGg 6fOkxnfO{ u'?sfkLadf]lhd k\lQma4 ug]{ sfo{ . > sDkf]lh gf) sD
kf]h . sDkf]lh l6\jh gf) sDkf]hsf] sfd ubf{ 6fOk y'Tg] ldnfpg] sfddf (k|foM k|k ' m
;+zf]wg ubf{) k|of]u ulg] lrD6f . sDkf]lh6 gf) sDkf]h ug]{ JolQm jf sd{rfL . sDkf]:
6 gf) [c\)] uf]a, :ofpnf, ;f]t cflbnfO{ s'xfP dn agfpg] sfd dnvfN8f] jf esf] vfN6f]d
n agfpg] k|lqmof . ~ dn gf) dnvfN8f] jf esf] vfN6f]df ;8] ag]sf] dn . sDKo'6 gf) [c\)
!= ljljw k|sfsf tYof\s jf sfo{qmdxnfO{ rSsf jf r'DasLo lkmQfdf e08f0f, ;+of]hg k'gM
;+of]hg ug]{ cTofw'lgs ljB'tLo ;+oGq . @= e08fltaf6 ;+of]lht ;fdu|L;DaGwL hfgsfL o
yf;Dej ck]lIft kdf k|fKt ug{ ;lsg] ljB'tLo ;+oGq . #= lx;fa;DaGwL hl6n ;d:ofxsf] ;
dfwfg b|'t ultdf k|bfg ug]{ ljB'tLo ;+oGq . $= gS;f agfpFbf cIff+z, b]zfGt If]qkm
nh:tf s'fxsf] lx;fa ug]{ JolQm . %= 6\s0f ug]{, gS;f, lrq cflb agfpg] ;+oGq .
190

sDan gf) [;+) ] != l;s cflbem}F hf8fdf cf]l9g] pmgLsf] afSnf] cf]9g \ ] kfvL . @= c
f]5fpg] sfddf cfpg] cfjZos kbf{ cf]9\g kfgL cf]Tg;d]t ldNg] pmgLsf] kfvL cflb eGb
f klg afSnf] sk8f f8L sfDnf] . sDd gf) [ sd ] sl6 sd . ~ k]6L gf) sdk]6L . aGb
> sDdL gf) 3sf] dflyNnf] tnfdf 6fon, lem
6L cflbsf] 5fgfd'lGt 6\jfsnnfO{ 6]sfpg rf}lt
8Psf] k6'jfsf cfsfsf] sf7 . sDdn gf) x]) sDan . sDo'g [c
\)] != ;dfhjfbL Joj:yfdf cfl
y{s, ;fdflhs, ;f+:s[lts jf j0f{sf b[li6n] ;djuL{ 7xlg] JolQmxsf] ;fd"lxs a;f]af; .
@= To:tf JolQmxsf] ;d'bfo hgkb . > sDo'lgHd gf) sDo'g cyf{t\ ;fdflhs ;d'bfo :jo+n]
cfgf sfo{ ug{' ;Dej ePsfn] k'ln;, l;kfxL, ;sf cflbsf] cfjZostf 5}g ;f] sDo'g Ps ls
l;dsf] kljf;x x'g] x'b F f k|To]s sDo'gjf;Lsf] dd{ ;a}df cjut x'g] tyf x]s JolQmnfO{
p;sf] ;f]sf cfjZostfcg';f pkef]usf ;fdu|L ljt0f ug{ ;lsg] l;4fGtdf ljZjf; fVg] sfn{
fS;{, k|m8 ] ls P
\uN ] ;, n]lgg cflbff k|ltkflbt fhgLlts tyf cfly{s l;4fGt dfS;{jfb
ojfb . > sDo'lg:6 lj) sDo'lgHdsf] cg'ofoL . sd|L gf) vs6xleqsf] e'mqf] . sDnfO [ sDnf
(cfO)] sDnfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sDnfOg' s) lqm) sDnfpg] sfd ulg' . sDnfpg'
c) lqm) ufleg' ufO{ cflb j:t'efpsf] :ki6 b]lvg] uL kmfFrf] ;'t a9\b} hfg' . sD;f g
f) [;+) s+z = hnkfqljz]if] ;'d? ] gnL dfq x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ;f]t] x'Ssf . soy gf) [k
|f) sOTy < ;+) slkTy] km]f]lgof lndf]lgof hfltsf] sfF8fbf Ps v To;sf] kmn s}y . s!
[;+) ] c zAbsf] kl5lNt nfu] lbg], ug]{ cflb cy{ a'emfO{ ljz]if0f Pj+ gfd agfpg] xf
n g]kfnLdf cg';uf{Tds k|Too dflgg] t ;+:s[t d"nsf] lgodfg';f ;df;sf] pQkb 7xlg] Ps k
(lbjfs, k|efs, lbgs, ;'vs O)) . s@ gf) [;+) s[] != s;}nfO{ OR5fsf lj?4 bafpdf kfL s'
s'f ug{, ufpg jf x'g jfWo t'Nofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= To; k|sfsf] jfWotfsf lglDt lbOg
] hf]8 ssfk . #= k|]0ff lh2L . s# gf) [;+)] != fh:jdf bflvn x'g] uL gfulsn] ;sfL
of{nonfO{ clgjfo{ bftJosf kdf lbg'kg]{ ljleGg k|sfsf] ltf] jf sd (cfos, dfnkf]t, laqm
Ls, cGtMz'Ns, cfofts, lgof{ts, af6f]s (f]8;];)

191

ssGof; gf) shf]L . s0f gf) [;+) ] != Jofs0fdf, t[tLof ljelQmff k|ltlglwTj x'g] sf
ofkbdf lgif]w, cefj cflbsf lj?4 ljlw, efj cflb a'emfpg] k|Too jf ;f] k|Too;DaGwL
k|0ffnL . (pbf) d hfGgF, ltdL gvfpm cflbsf lj?4 d hfG5', ltdL vfpm cflb) . #= Ho
f]ltifzf:qdf aa, afnj, sf}na, t}ltn, u, al0fh, ljli6 cflb peokIf (z'SnkIf s[i0fkI
f)sf ;ft zs'gL rt'ikfb tyf gfu uL s]jn s[i0fkIfsf tLg clg s[i0fkIfdf cfDe eP z'SnkIf
sf] k|ltkbfsf] yfngLsf] efunfO{ e]6\g] ls:t'g uL ;\Vofdf P3f k'Ug] Ps Hof]ltifzf:qLo
:yfkgf hf] k~rf\u (kfqf]) sf kfFr c\u (ltly, jf/, gIfq, of]u, s0f) dWo] Ps 7xlG5 k|
o]s ltlydf b'O{ ;\Vofsf bn] kb{{} ltlyqmdsf ;fy} cl3 a9\b} hfG5 . $= lnR5ljsfnLg c
8\8fleq kg]{ s'g} Ps kmfF6 jf ljefu . s0fL! gf) [;+) ] ul0ftdf ju{d"n hgfpg] lrXg
( jf 2 ) . c
\s gf) ul0ftsf] ju{d"nsf] lx;fadf z]if gxg] c
\s (h:t} $, (, !^, @% cfl
. s0fL@ gf) d}y'g ;Def]u s/gL . s0fLo lj) [;+) ] ug{ of]Uo ug'k { g]{ ug{ x'g] ug{
. s08 gf) [;+) ] != afF; jf afF; hfltsf rf]ofaf6 tof ePsf] e'mG8fP lxF8\g ldNg] 9SsLl
jz]if s0ffnL plemG8f]bf k]6ff] jf 6f]sL . @= dfx'Lsf] rfsf] . stn gf) [;+) ] xftsf]
uf g
sf dfemsf] pQfgf] efu xTs]nf] . ~ Wjlg gf) b'O{ xTs]nf 76fP :jfut, k|z; + f, lgG
bf, pkxf; cflb hgfpg lgsflng] Wjlg yk8L tfnL . stfn gf) [;+) ] != x]) stnWjlg . @= b'
{ sf7sf 6'qmf cf}Fnfsf sfkn] Rofk] Wjlg pTkGg x'g] uL k|foM wfld{s sfo{df ahfOg] P
s afhf s7tfn stfnL . > stfnL gf) ! stfn . @= stnWjlg . st't gf) [;+) st{Jo] x]) s
f) [;+)] s ltg]{ s lbg] (JolQm, fi6 cflb) . sbftf gf) [;+)] != s ltg]{ ;+:yf jf Jol
lj) @= sb . s lgwf{0f gf) [;+)] ;f]sfjfnf sfof{no jf ;+:yfn] s c;'n;DaGwL gLlt Pj+ l
xsf] lgwf{0f ug]{ jf ;f]cg';f nfUg] s tf]Sg] sfd . sgL gf) [;+) s/0fL] != anfTsfsf
df ulg] u}sfg'gL ;Def]u . @= ;Def]u d}y'g (k|foM cljjflxtxsf aLr) . #= s'st{Jo st{'t
f8\oGq vfa lgot . sGof; gf) [;+) ] hk cyjf kf7sf qmddf zLsf c\uxnfO{ aLhdGq (gdM, k
flb)sf pRrf0fsf
~ laGtL

O)) . @= k|frLg sfndf Ps fi6n] cfk"meGbf alnof] csf]{ fi6nfO{ a'emfpg] b:t' l;tf]{ .
= klxn]klxn] }tLn] e]6Lsf kdf lhdLbftfn'sbf cflbnfO{ lbg] ul/Psf] ljleGg k|sfsf] sd
]ns, 7]sL, rfbfd, ;fpg] kmfu', s't, a]7 O)) . $= dfG5], afFb cflbsf] xft . %= xfQL
sf] xft cyf{t\ ;'F8 . ^= k|sfzsf] xft cyf{t\ ls0f . ~ cf gf) ssfof{no . ~ cbfnt gf) s
DaGwL x]g]{ cbfnt jf cbfntL kmfF6 . ~ clwsfL gf) sclws[t . ~ clws[t gf) ssfof{nosf] s
DtLdf fhkqf\lst t[tLo txsf] xflsd jf kmfF6jfnf . s$ gf) [;+)] xft, xTs]nf] . ss lqm)
]) [c) d") s\ c (l))] s;};Fu emsf]{ nfUg] lsl;dn] sfpg], s]xL dfUg] jf cg'f]w ug]{ uL
sr kmtkmt SofpFSofpF . > ss] lj) ss ug]{ ss;Fu ;DalGwt srsr] kmtkmt] . ssfk g
lj?4 s;}nfO{ s]xL x'g, ug{ jf ufpg jfWo t'Nofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= ank|of]u hah{:
tL lyrf]ldrf] . s sfof{no gf) [;+) ] ;sfL s cflb c;'npk ug]{ cy{dGqfnosf dftxtsf ljl
tx (lhNnf, c~rn jf If]q)sf] sfof{no sc8\8f . ssf]l;; gf) [(l)) sf]l;;] sf]l;; jf ;f]
dfgsf] s'g} sfo{ sf]l;;sf ;fy} ;xfos sfo{sf kdf ulg] ;dfgwdL{ Pj+ ;dfg nIo ePsf] cG
o sfo{ dldlxg]t . sSs lqm) lj) [c) d") s\ > ss\ s] != Ps} k|of;df efFlrg] uL sf7, n
v' cflb j:t'nfO{ bf]af] vl08t ug]{ lsl;dn] k6Ss . @= s\ jf k6\\sf] cfjfh cfpg] uL
, n7\7L cflb efFlrg] lsl;d;Fu . #= p7\bf, a:bf jf cGo s'g} sf0fjz uDeL kL8f eO{ zLsf
] s'g} c\u b'v] sls{g] uL . s gf) [;+) s\s = xf8vf]] != 9f8af6 cfDe eP 5ftLsf] d
uL hf]l8g] lefF; (d'6', sn]hf], kmf]S;f], lkmof] cflb)sf] Iff ug{ ;3fp k'ofpg] xf8sf
kftfxaf6 lgld{t lkFh8fsf cfsfsf] cl:yk|0ffnL . @= cfsfdf bf]la|Psf] tafem}F b]lvg] pQ
m k|0ffnLsf] s'g} Ps xf8 . > s] gf) != Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] 8f]nf] df5f] . @= ;fwf0f Joj
fsf] nflu agfOPsf] bn'jf 8;gf nDk6 . lj) #= s 5f\u} b]lvg] cyf{t\ b'Anf] . sr]k gf)
] ank"j{ssf] cfu|x hf]8bf l9kL . s5'nL gf) [;+) s5f]bgL] x]) s5{'nL . shf]L gf) [;+
b'O{ xTs]nfnfO{ hf]8] ulg] clejfbgsf] Ps k|sf laGtL gd:sf k|0ffd gd:t] . (pbf) d]
aGtLn] pgnfO{ s;f] glemfpnf ) .

skfqLsfo] ;fydf 5f]P ulg] lqmof c
\uGof; k"0f{Gof; jf Gof;sf zfvfsf] kdf xftnfO{ d
] Ps ljlw, h;df klxn] rf] cf}Fnfn] a"9L cf}FnfnfO{ 5f]P To;kl5 a"9L cf}n F fn] c cf
}n F fnfO{ 5f]P tQt\ c
\udf Oi6b]jnfO{ cfjfxg ulG5 . skfqL lj) [;+) ] != ef]hg jf hnkf
g cflb ubf{, yfn, lunf; cflb efF8fsf] ;f6f] k; jf cFh'nL Jojxf ug]{ (JolQm) . gf)
@= eftLo ;fw';Gtxsf] Ps ;Dk|bfo jf To;sf] cg'ofoL . skfb gf) [;+) ] jf:t'snf jf d"lt
{snfdf k|rng x'g] 5 dfqf jf 5 c
\u'nafasf] gfk . san gf) [san] != hah:tL;lxtsf] Jojx
f lj?4 s;}nfO{ sfddf nufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof ssfk anhkmtL hah:tL . @= cGofo lyrf]ldrf
cTofrf . safn gf) [;+) ] xftn] xfGg] xltof (v8\u, taf jf v's ' L) . sla] gf) [;+)
emf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] Ps emf . se gf) [;+)] != xftsf] xTs]nfsf] pN6f] efu xTs]nfsf] k[
i7efu 8'F8'nf] . @= xfQLsf] ;'F8 jf aRrf] . #= pF6sf] aRRff] . s e'StfgL gf) [;+) sg]
) e'StfgL] s ltg]{ sfd ssf] ltf]ef] . sef]? lj) [;+) ] se (xfQLsf] ;F'8em}F ;nSs k
3|f) ePsL (:qL) . sd gf) [;+) snDaL] != udL{ k|b]zdf kf]vL jf tnfpdf pd|g], ;vv08sf]
h:tf] kft, vf]qmf] 8fF7 ;]tf] k"mn x'g] Ps ;fu s/dL . @= kx]Fnf] sf7 x'g] Ps j[I
f sdf{ . sdkfqf] gf) x]) sd{kfqf] . sdfnf gf) [;+) ] hkdGq cflbsf] ;
\Vof uGg] qmddf :
ml6s, t'n;L jf ?b|fIfsf dfnfsf] ;f6f] cf}Fnfsf xTs]nfltsf hf]gL{sf ]vfnfO{ uGg] sf
dsf] cfwf dfGbf ltgsf lglDt k|o'Qm x'g] ;fd"lxs ;+1f . > sdfnL != lj) sdfnfsf cfwfdf
hk cflb ug]{ (JolQm) . @= cfgf ls0fnfO{ :jo+ cfkm}n F ] dfnfsf kdf wf0f ug]{ Ps b]jt
f ;"og { ffo0f . #= ;"o{ . sdL gf)x]) s/d . so'un gf) [;+)] != cleGg kdf b'O{ xftnfO
gfpg] ;fem] ;+1f . @= hDnfxft shf]L . sof]Uo d"No gf) [;+) ] ssfof{non] ldgfxf u]sf
m d"NoeGbf a9L d"No s nfUg] rflxF d"No (3, hUuf cflbsf]) . sjL! gf) [;+) ] != ;'O] k
x'g], kx]Fnf] sf] k"mn
192

k'mNg] xf8]abfdsf hqf bfgfleq emG8} cf?sf em}F va6f x'g] kmn nfUg] l7Ss cfsfsf] j
[If jf To;sf] k"mn . @= emG8} jh|bGtLsf] hqf] af]6 x'g] To;L g} emfFlug] ;]tf] cy
jf ftf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps j[If jf To;sf] k"mn . sjL@ gf) [;+) sjL = lrxfg jf d;fg3f6] g]
fnL nf}lss cg'>'ltcg';fsf] Ps k|l;4 d;fg sf7df8f}Fsf] lji0f'dtL eb|dtLsf] bf]efgdf
x]sf] k|l;4 d;fg3f6 . s zfvf gf) [;+) ] cy{dGqfnosf] dftxt x]sf] ssf] c;'npk ug]{ d
sfof{noeGbf tNnf] txsf] zfvf sfof{no (lhNnf:tLo jf c~rn:tLo) . s;Dk'6 gf) [;+) ] cl
ejfbgsf ;dodf gd:sf cflbdf em}F b'O{ xTs]nfnfO{ k"} ghf]8L cf}n F fsf 6'Kkf dl0faG
w dfq hf]8] a"9L cf}Fnflt v'nf fVg] Ps ljz]if d'b|f (k|foM wfld{s) c~hlnd'b|f . sft
[;+) qmfGt] != ;dfTg jf kqmg cg'sn " kg]{ l:ylt (s':tL v]Nbf, efL af]Stf cflb )
. (pbf) fd t alno} xf], t sfFt gk]sfn] s':tLdf p;sf] lht x'g ;s]g) . @= an tfut zlQm
> sfltnf] lj) != af]Stf, ;dfpFbf jf cFufNbf k|lts"n gx'g] . @= alnof] zlQmzfnL bx|f]
la{nf] . sft] gf) hfkfg To;sf l5d]ssf b]zxdf k|rlnt dd{:yndf k|xf u] cfk"meGbf lgs
of] ljkIfLnfO{ ;d]t kflht ug]{ s]xL k|l;4 bfp s'Dk'm, sfFt], h'8f] cflbdWo] Ps (h;s
f cfw'lgs k|jt{s a|; ' nL dflgG5g\ .) . sf;f] gf) x]) s]F;f] . 3f;f] gf) 338]L
(cfO )] sfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sfOg' c) lqm) 7"nf] :jn] af]lng' lrRofOg' . sf
) lqm) [;+) snfog] != ?g], xKsfpg], ljf]w hgfpg], af]nfpg] cflb p2]Zon] 7"nf] :j uL
lrRofpg' . @= grflxFbf] lsl;dn] rsf]{ :j lgsfnL af]Ng' . (pbf) dfnL ufO{n] wfg vf
of], gsf sfG5L sfg vfof]) . #= emsf]{ nfUg] uL af]n] s]xL ;'gfpg', dfUg', k|z+;f ug
{' jf lgGbf ug{' srsrfpg' ssfpg' . $= cGofo lyrf]ldrf]sf lj?4 dsf{df kg]{n] k|foM df
lvs jf clnlvt kdf ph' ug{' lkmfb ug{' . sfs gf) [t'n) u8u8fpg', s8s8fpg'] != 7"nf] s
jf sfh]{ (lax], at{dg, f]kfOF, d]nf, hfqf, ef]h O))df x'g] c;fwf0f Jo:ttf r6ff] n5ff
@= To:t} cj;df e]nf x'g] ;d'bfo x"n 3'OFrf] 7]nd7]n lsrf3fg . sfdt gf) [c) sfdft]
fwf0f jf c;fdfGo sfd rdTsf sdfn . @= k'?iffy{ axfb'L . sfo] lj) ;nfdL k]sf] cl
nf] yfn]eGbf sd ;Dd lefnf]eGbf sd 9lNsPsf] .

193

sf/s]nf] lglw lj) s?0ff ePsf] cnfO{ bofdfof ug]{ bofn' . > s?0ffb| { lj) csf{sf]
v] dg kUng] csf{sf] b'Mvdf cfk"m klg b'MvL x'g] s?0ffdo bofdfofn] cf]tk|f]t . s?0ffj
tf gf) k|f0fLxdf cfOk]sf] jf cfOkg]{ b'Mv x6fpg cfgf eQmsf pk bof ug{sf lglDt eujfg
lnPsf] cjtf s?0ffd"lt{ clt bofn' dflgg] k . s?jf! gf) [;+) ss{lsf] k]6 k'msL 3fF6L ;
gf] eP d'vdf 5ftfh:tf] eO{ la6 kms]{sf], k]6sf] dflyNnf] efudf 7f8f] 6'6L nfu]sf]
kfgLsf] efF8f] . s?jf@ gf) [;+) s6s] != kmNofssf] hf]gL{df 7f]lsg] kmnfdsf] b'Ov
{ ' ] sLnf . @= ;F3f7]nf]df 9f]sfsf] dfl:t 7f]lsg] kmnfdsf] tLgv'] sLnf . s]pnL gf)
[s8LPpnL] != dgsf] leqL Ofbf (lJo)) . @= ssfk . s]6\g' ;) lqm) != cnfO{ w]} dsf{df
6f]df cNemfpg' . @= sf}t F Ln] ]6h ] :t} uL ]6g \ ' . > s]6fO gf) s]6\g], s]l6g] jf
g] lqmofk|lqmof . s]6fOg' s) lqm) s]6\g] sfd ufOg' s]6\g nfOg' . s]6fpg' k|) ] lqm
f kfg{' s]6\g nfpg' . s]t gf) [;+) ss{6L] lgs} ljiffn', rf lkm6hlt nfdf], xNsf kx]n F
f] sfnf] 3]fn] ag]sf] zL x'g] cfsif{s ;k{ (of] uf]dg ;k{;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] x'G5, t km
F8f x'Fb}g, o;n] c ;;fgf ;k{ vfG5 .) . s]G6 gf) [c\)] != kfgL, sf]Onf jf t]naf6 j}1f
lgs k|lqmofff pTkflbt lah'nLaQL afNg] d]l;g cflb rnfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf]
cb[Zo zlQm ljB't\ k|jfx ljB't\t\u . @= gbL cflbsf] kfgLsf] k|jfx kfgLsf] wff . s]k
lqm) [s]k g'] != xnrn ug{ g;Sg] uL ;dfpg' cF7fpg' . @= cSsdf jf kf;f]df kfg{' sdf kf
k ug{' ofvofvtL kfg{' . s]k gf) != xnrn ug{ g;lsg] cF7fO, ;dfO, kf;f] cflbaf6 ePsf] j
k]sf] aGwg . @= s'g} sfd guLgx'g] jf 6fg}{ kg]{ s ssfk . s]kfO gf) [ s]k\ (cfO)]
s]lkg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s]kfOg' s) lqm) s]Kg nfOg' . s]kfpg' k|) ] lqm) s]kd
fg{' jf kfg{ nfpg' . s]lkg' s) lqm) s]Kg] sfd ulg' cF7fOg' . s]nL gf) [k|f) s8fnL]
7L s;]sf] avt 3f]8fsf 6fpsfdf nfpg] 5fnfsf] ;fh df]xf]8f . @= nufd . s]nf] gf) [;+)
sfj]Nn] jiff{ofddf tLgrf];] kft x'g] nxfdf kmNg], rf];}rf];f lg:sg] tLtf] :jfbsf]
x'g], tsfL jf crf agfP vfOg] nfDrf] kmn tLt] s]nf] .

sf gf) [c)] != s'g} sfo{ lnvt kdf lhDdf lng] sfd jf To;L lhDdf lnPsf] bfloTj . @= To;
lhDdf lng ulg] lnlvt sa'n jf k|lt1f . gfdf gf) Ps kIfn] csf]{ kIfnfO{ s'g} ;]jf,
eff, cleeff cflb ;'DkFbf 3, k;n, uf8L cflb ef8fdf lbFbf b'j} kIfn] sf uL ;xL u]sf]
sa'ngfdf sa'lnotgfdf . ~ kq gf) sfgfdf . ~ ;]jf gf) tna, sfof{jlw, ;]jf;t{ cflb tf]ls
P lgo'Qm x'g] sd{rfLsf] kb jf ;]jf . sff]k0f gf) [;+)] ;f]sfjfnf ;sfL lgsfon] ;+lj
P]gsfg'gcg';f gfulsxnfO{ s nufpg] sfo{ . sfn lj) [;+)] 8nfUbf] eo\s ljsfn . s
lefnf] hUuf cf]x|fnf] . lj) cln cln 9lNsPsf] sfo]F . sfx6 gf) [sfp cfx6] sfpg] sfd
6 ssfx6 srsrfx6 . sfxL! gf) [;+) sfx] b'O{lt s8f nfu]sf] d'v kmfs x'g] ksfpg] ef
L@ gf) [;+) s6eL] lzLifsf] h:tf] af]6 x'g] ;]tf] ckflhtfsf] em}F k"mn k'mNg] Ps tfOn
L j[If jf To;sf] 6f]{ :jfbsf] kmn . sla lqm) lj) [c) sLa ] != glhsdf 5] p df kf;df (p
f) d p;nfO{ ;w}F cfgf] sla b]Vg rfxG5' .) . @= k|foM emG8} emG8}n] nueu (pbf) ltd|f]
'xf sla fdl;t ldN5 .) . sla lqm) lj) emG8}emG8} k'u gk'u nueu . slof gf) cdn]v
n] bf;sf kdf lsga]r x'g] u]sf 3]n' gf]s sdff] afFwf bf; . ~ cdn]v ;+) !(*! df >L #
] kfnfdf slofxnfO{ k|bfg ulPsf] d'lQm bf;Tjdf]rg . ~ k|yf gf) bf;k|yf . sL gf) [;+)
f u]u hldgdf x'g], kft gx'g], j;Gt Ct'df xlof 8fF7sf 6'Kkfdf ;;fgf uf]n ftf k"mn k'
mNg] k"mn em]kl5 uf]nsfFqmLh:tf af6'nf kmn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 . sLif gf) [;+)] !=
ufO{e}F;L cflbsf] dn ljleGg cfsfdf ;'sfO{ afNgsf lglDt agfOPsf] ljz]if k|sfsf] u'
OF7f] . s? gf) [t'n) ;+) s'L = cGgljz]if] lxdfnL efusf] n]slt v]tL ulg], af]6 bfgf h
f}sf cfsfsf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] cGgljz]if . (o;sf] ;Q' agfP pkof]u ulG5 ) . s?0f gf) [;+
)] !=s;}kl| t p;sf] :jefj, cj:yf cflbn] ubf{ pksfsf lgldQ b;f{Og] bofsf] efj s?0ff
bof . @= ;flxTodf gj;dWo]sf] Ps ; . s?0ff gf) [;+)] s?0f bof dfof . lgwfg lj) b'MvL
lb|L, f]uL cflbnfO{ bof ug]{ :jefj ePsf] bofn' dfofn' .

s/];faf/Lsvf{ s];fafL gf) [s];f] afL] 3n] rr{s ] f] t 3 cfFugn] cf]u6] afFsL x
fofF kl5lNtsf] tsfL v]tL ug]{ afL 3sf jlklsf] tsfL v]tL ug]{ hUuf . s];f] gf)
xf+z] 3n] rr]{sf] cfFugn] cf]u6] afFsL x]sf] hUuf (bfofFafofFsf k6fl\ugL k5fl8sf]
d]t) . sf]8 gf) [;+) sf]l6] ;o nfvsf] ;\Vof s8f] . > sf]8g\ lj) cg]s sf]8 . klt
F ?lkofFsf] dflns s8f]klt . sf]8f} lj) sf]8g\ s8f]f}F . F+ L, ;+) s~h] != lkf], t
fsf}h L gf) [lx) snf}h :jfbsf] eO{sg ud bLkgu'0f x'g], tLg rf];f k]sf] ;fgf;fgf sf
bfgf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt sfnf] hLf d'u|]nf] d'
\]nf] . @= tLtf] cldnf] :jfb x'g]
]tf] \sf], cfo'j]{bdf ?lrsfs, skmlkQjw{s t[i0ffgfzs egL atfOPsf] jg:klt kmnljz]if sf
Fbf . sf}t gf) [lx) sf}t, ;+) st{gL] sf7 lrg]{ sfd ulg], rf}sf];df hl8Psf], bfFtL ePs
f], r]K6f] nfdf] kmnfdsf] kftf 7"nf] cff . sf}t L gf) ]6 ] sf7 cflb lrg]{ Psfkl
Psf] Ps lsl;dsf] bfFtLbf kmnfd] xltof ;fgf] vfnsf] cff . sf}t] gf) [sf}t F LP] !=
df kft x'g], ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg], e'Od F{ f jf kfgLdf nxf km}ng] b"af]hftsf] Ps k|s
fsf] emf kfgLb"af] . @= kft Hofb} v;|f] x'g] ;fgf] vfnsf] Ps k|sfsf] afF; . lj) #= sf
}t F Lh:tf] ]6g \ ] jf csf{nfO{ lgb{oL rfnn] b'Mv lbg] :jefjsf] sf}FtLh:tf] . ~ emf g
f) kftsf b'O{ 5]pdf sf}FtLsf h:tf dl;gf sfF9f x'g] emf (3fF;) . sf}b f gf) [;+) sdb{
!= ;;fgf kft, ;]tf] k"mn, ;fgf uf]n kmn nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] sfF8] v . @= To;}sf] kmn
sdb{ . #= ;]tf]ftf] ldl;Psf] cldnf] kmn s~h . ss{g' c) lqm) [ss] { g'] != ;f]emf] e
'kg]{ j:t' (3sf] ufxf], ln\uf], afF;, vfdf] cflb) afl\ug' 6]l9g' ss]{ x'g' . @= s;}nf
{ b]v]sf] gb]Vo} uL csf{lt nfUg' af6f] 5n] lxF8\g' . ss{6 gf) [;+)] != afx| flzdWo] r
}yf] flz ss{ flz ss{6 flz . @= l5kl5k] kfgL eO{sg 9'U \ ofg 7fpFdf a:g] 5 v'fhlt ePs
cl3lNt s]xL df]6f, lrD6], wflnf, r]kj ' fh:tf b'O{ g\uf| x'g] Ps hnhGt' uFu6f] . #=
dfn;fdfg hf]Vg] tfh'sf] t];f]{ 8fF7sf] b'j}lt 3'd'ls{Psf], kNnf yfnL e'mG8fOg] 6'Kk
f] . ~ flz gf) ss{6 . ss{6kftf gf) [c\) s?u]6]8 kftf] 3 5fpg] sfddf k|of]u x'g], l8n
]N;L jf 8fF8L 8f]N;Lx k]sf] l6g jf h:tfsf] kftf h:tfkftf .
194

ss{6 ]vf gf) [;+)] x]) ss{]vf . ss{6z[u \ L gf) [;+)] nfDrf kft, v}f sf nflDrnf kmn
], csf]{ s'g} klg j[Ifsf ;fy hf]l8P km:6fpg] Ps k|sfsf] khLjL j[If lxSsf, jfo', clt;
f Qmbf]ifdf lxt ug]{ u'0f atfOPsf] To;}sf] kmn . ss{l6sf gf) [;+)] dflg;sf] hGdb]lv
hLjgko{Gt zLsf ljleGg c\udf xg], sf0fjz a9] pu| k lnPdf Hofg} hfg] ;Defjgf klg x'g]
+;sf]ifsf] luvf{ jf u|lGy ca{'b . ss{v ] f gf) [;+)] e"uf]nsf] ljif'jt\]vf jf e"dWo]v
fb]lv @#) c+z pQlt ePsf] e"dWo]vfsf] ;dfgfGt kdf x]sf] slNkt ef}uf]lns ]vf . ss{nL
s{nf] O{] ss{nfsf] n3' k ss{nf] . -vfpmF t ss{nL k]6 kms{nL, gvfpmF ss{nL ;f;" ems{n
L . pvfg ._ ss{nf] gf) [;+) ssf{n's] 5ftfh:t} 7"n7"nf gd kft x'g], kx]Fnf] 3f]ufh:
tf] k"mn k'mNg] w]} ;]nf ePsf] sGb x'g] Ps af]6 lkF8fn'sf] af]6 . ss{z lj) [;+)] !=
vf] ldhf; ePsf] 6f]{ :jefjsf] . @= nf]nf]kf]tf] ug{ ghfGg] v;|f] . tf gf) vf] ldhf
{z x'g] efj jf sfd ss]kg . ssf{O gf) [ ss{ (cfO)] ss{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
ssf{Og' s) lqm) ss{g nfOg' 6]9fOg' a
\UofOg' . ssf{pg' k|) ] lqm) != 6]9f] kfg{' a
\U
dsf{pg' . @= cfFvf ;Gsfpg' . #= sfFqmf] kmn cflb sSs rkfpg' . ssf{pnL gf) [;+) s5f]b
nL] xk]{, rf}F7f] cflbaf6 l3p, t]n cflb lemSg] ;fgf] 8f8' s5'nL . ssf{6f] gf) [;+)
ss{6] rf}ltaf6 af6'nf] ]vf lvRg] Ps ;fwg ksf]n . sls{g' c) lqm) [ss]{ O g'] ss]{ xf]O
9g' af\lug' . ss] { lj) [;+) ss P] != ssfkdf k]sf] c7fdf k]sf] lljwf cyjf ;lGw;
ls+st{Joljd"9 ePsf] . @= To:tf] k|sfsf] l:yltdf kfg]{ (ss]{ bfp, ss]{ rfn O)) .
gf) #= s':tLsf] Ps ljz]if bfp (ljkIfLnfO{ pDsg glbg] uL cF7fpg] rflxF) . $= af\uf],
58\s], 6]9f] . ssf]6 { s gf) [;+)] k'f0fk|l;4 cf7 gfudWo] Ps . sSof{O gf) [ sls{ (cf
O)] sSof{pg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sSof{x6 gf) sls{g] rfn jf efj ;f]emf] l:yltaf6
e'mSg] jf 9Ng vf]Hg] l:ylt . sSof}{nL gf) x]) ssf{pnL . svf{ gf) != jLtf tyf jL k'?
ifsf k|z; + f jf ;Demgfdf ufOg] ;fx; jLtf ;~rflt ug]{ ufyf . @= jLtfsf] avfg ulg] T
:t} jf y]uf] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] g]kfnL nf]suLt / nf]sufyf g]kfnsf uGwj{ hfltn] s'g}
jL k'?ifsf ;Demgfdf ufpg] k|l;4 uLt jf ufyf . jfn gf) svf{

195

sr'{nf]st{'t sdnuf . @= s0f{k"mn . #= dfemL cf}Fnf] . sl0f{sf gf) [;+)] Njf
sf cfsfsf]
af:gfbf k"mn k'mNg] ;fgf] v sgsrDkf sfF9] rfFk . s0f]h { k lj) [;+)] != vf]hLvf]hL cs
{sf] r'SnL nfP lxF8g \ ] dGq hk]h:t} cn] g;'Gg] uL s;}sf] gfd|f] s'f csf{sf] sfgdf ;'
'Ss eGg] 5'Nofxf . gf) @= r'SnL nufO{ lxF8\g] JolQm . s0f]n { gf) [c\) sf]nf]gn] d
]heGbf dflyNnf] txsf] kN6lgof Ps bhf{ k|d'v dxf;]gfgL . st{g gf) [;+)] 5'L, r'n]F;L
cflbn] sf6\g] jf vf]N:ofpg] sfd tx ldnfP s]z, gLnsfF8f cflb 5fF6\g] sfd . > st{gL g
f) rf] cf}Fnf] a"9L cf}Fnf] Kjfnleq k;fn] cF7fpFbf wft' cflbsf b'O{ kmUNofF6fsf] wf
hf]l8O{ sk8f, s]z cflb sf6\g jf 5fF6g \ ldNg], aLrdf ;fgf] r'sn ' ePsf] xltof s}Fr
L st{g' . @= rSs' 5'f . st{L gf) [;+)] x]) st{gL . st{Jo gf) [;+)] != s'nkDkf, gLlt
tyf ;fdflhs cfjZostfg';f ug{'kg]{ jf cFuflng] sfd ug{ nfos fd|f] cfr0f jf lqmofsnfk
. @= g}ltstflj?4 x'g] sfd ghftL cfr0f 6'gf, df]xgL, ljifk|of]u k|xf cflbaf6 s'g} Jol
Qmsf] Hofg lng] b':;fx; sfnf] st{t ' . (pbf) sfsfnfO{ st{Jo uL df]sf] cleof]udf ;daxf
b' kqmfpdf k]sf] 5 .) ~ kfo0f lj) st{Jocg's"n cfr0f ug]{ st{Jolgi7 wd{kfo0f . ~ kfn
st{Jocg';fsf] Jojxf ug{ nfos cfr0f jf plrt Jojxfsf] kfngf . n] d]sf] lj) cfg} sfn
sf] geO{ cs} abdf;L, k|xf jf ljifk|of]u cflbaf6 d]sf] s'lgotaf6 Hofg uPsf] . > st{Jo
fst{Jo gf) ;fdflhswfld{s gLltlgodadf]lhd ug{ x'g] ug{ gx'g] sfd plrt cg'lrt cfr0f
tf{ lj) [;+)] != ug]{ . @= agfpg] rgf ug]{ . gf) #= stf{, sd{, s0f, ;Dk|bfg, ckfbfg
clws0f sfsdWo] klxnf] sfs lqmofJofkfsf] k|d'v ;~rfns k|foM k|ydf ljelQmff k|ltlglwT
sfs st{s [ fs . $= a|Xdf . %= O{Zj . ^= d]sf hGt'sf] kf]lnPsf] 5fnf (k) g])) . wtf{
= s'g} sfds'fdf a9L v6\g] jf k|dv ' kdf x]sf] JolQm kljf, ;+:yf, ljz]if sfo{ cflbsf]
"nL JolQm ;j]{;jf{ . lj) @= s'g} sfds'f] ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] clwsf kfPsf] xtf{stf{ . st
f{ lj) [;+) st{] [ != ug]{ stf{ . gf) @= O{Zj . st{' lj) [;+) st{] [ sfd ug]{ . gf) @
= stf{ (O{Zj, a|Xdf, lzj, lji0f', efUo O)) . (pbf) pgL dflg;sf] ;'vsf lglDt sfo{ s
t{' ldNg'k5{ eGg] ljZjf; fV5g\ .) st{'t gf) [;+) st{T [ j] != of]hgfa4 tlsfaf6 ulPsf
]

ufpg] hflt jLk"hs ef6 . sr{'nf] gf) Psflt 8f8' csf{lt kGo"F ePsf] jf Psflt kGo"F d
sf], ksfPsf] j:t' rnfpg] efF8f] . s5{n ' L gf) [ s5'nL] xk]{, 7]sL cflbdf flvPsf] j:
t' (l3pt]n cflb) lemSg] cyf{t\ l3pt]n ;'dg]{ ;fgf] 8f8' sSof}n { L. shf{ gf) [c) s
h{] lglZrt cjlwdf Aofh;lxt jf ljgfAofh kmsf{pg] uL caf6 lnOPsf] sd lg C0f ;fk6 . ~ ;
f gf) s;}nfO{ lbOPsf] lg jf ;fk6 g8'af];\ egL ldnfOg] rfFhf] C0fsf kdf k|fKt rncrn ;D
klQ lxgfldgf x'g glbg] k|aGw . ~ ;'If0f lgod gf) C0f jf lwtf]sf] ;'Iffsf nflu ;DalG
wt ljQLo lgsfoaf6 th{'df ulPsf] lgod . s0f{ gf) [;+)] != sfg . @= lqe'hsf ;dsf]0fs
f ;fd'Gg]sf] ]vf . #= k6nf jf gfpsf] ultnfO{ xfjfff lgolGqt ufpg] ;fwg ktjf . $= cljj
lxt cj:yfdf s'GtLaf6 hGd]sf dxfeftk|l;4 ;"o{k'q . lj) %= dxfbfgL clt pbf . s6' lj) s
fgn] ;'Gg klg cK7]f]nfUbf] ;'Gbf clk|o nfUg] >'lts6' . uf]r lj) yfxf kfOPsf] sfgn]
gPsf] hfgsfL ePsf] . wf gf) != gfp jf 8'u \ f lvofP hLljsf ug]{ JolQm af]6] dfemL
@= s'g} ;+:yf jf sfof{nosf] d'Vo clwsfL k|dv ' zf;s . lj) #= kf nfpg] -JolQm_ l;kfn
' kf]Vt . ~ kDkf gf) != Ps sfgaf6 csf]{ sfg To;af6 klg csf]{ sfg x'Fb} km}lnP cfPsf]
s'[f dfG5]dfG5] jf k':tfk':tfaf6 ;'lgFb} cfPsf] va >'ltkDkf xNnf . @= uf]Ko fVg v
t sfg]v';L x'Fb} emg\ km}lnPsf] s'f]sGyf] . ~ kLIf0f gf) oGqff ulg], sfgleq ePsf] f
GwL hfFrk8tfn >j0fzlQmsf] dfkg . lkzfrL gf) tGqzf:qsf cg';f cb[Zo kdf ;fws;fd' cfO{
fgdf v';S ' s kf]If 1fg lbg] elgPsf] Ps b]jof]lg . ~ kL8f gf) sfg b'Vg] f]u sfgsf] b
'vfO . k'mn gf) cfOdfO{n] sfgsf] sf]lknfdf nufpg] Njfh:t} cfsfsf] k|foM ;'gaf6 ag]s
f] uxgf sfgdf klxlg] k'mnL . e"if0f gf) k|foM gfLhfltn] z[\ufsf nflu sfgdf nufpg]
(9'u \ L | , 6k, d'Gb|L cflb) . j]w gf) uef{wfgb]lv lnP ljjfxko{Gt ulg] iff]8z ;+:sf
Wo] sfg 5]8\g] j}lbs jf tflGqs sd{ . z"n gf) != sfg b'Vg] f]u sfgsf] z"n s0f{kL8f .
@= sfgsf] hfdf cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] vl6f] sfg] vl6f] . s0ff{nL gf) != klZrd g]kfnsf] k|l
;4 / 7"nf] gbL sgf{nL . @= ;f]xL gbLsf gfddf gfdfs/0f ul/Psf] c~rn s0ff{nL c~rn .
sl0f{sf gf) [;+)] != sdnsf] aLrdf xg] u|lGy jf ufF7f]

st[{ssd{kfq gfd|f] sfo{ if8\oGq st{Jo . (pbf) ljgfst{t ' Zofd d]sf] xf]Og egL 8fS6x
ln;;dIf ljj0f k]; u] .) @= gfd|f] 9\usf] sfd, a;p7, af]nLrfnL, Jojxf, rfnfdfnf cflb .
(pbf) p;sf] st{t ' b]v ] dnfO{ lbSs nflu;Sof] .) st{s [ lj) [;+)] s'g} gfdsf] kl5
;d:t kdf x] agfPsf] [ , efg'eQmst{s [ , eGg] cy{ a'emfpg] Ps pQkb (O{Zjst{s :jst{s
)) . st{T [ j gf) [;+)] != s'g} sfo{ ug]{ jf ug{ ;Sg] ;fdYo{ stf{sf] efj jf wd{ .
@= Jofs0fcg';f stf{sfs x]sf] l:ylt . st{j [ u{ gf) [;+)] sfo{stf{ jf sd{rfLxsf] ;d"x
st[j { frs lj) [;+)] Jofs0fdf stf{nfO{ a'emfpg] jf hgfpg] (kb jf lqmof) . st{j [ f
Ro gf) [;+)] Jofs0fsf] lgodcg';f lqmofJofkfn] k|ToIf kdf stf{kbnfO{ ;\s]t ug]{ jfRo .
(h:tf] fd k':ts k9\5 of] st{j [ fRo xf]) . sb{ gf) [;+) st{gL] rSs'h:tf] gdf]l8g] ;fg
f] xltof rSs'sf cfsfsf] ;fgf] xltof . -v's ' LeGbf sb{ nfUg], afa'eGbf 5f]f] hfGg] .
vfg ._ sb{d gf) [;+)] != lxnf] . @= don s; . #= :joDe" dGjGtsf Ps k|l;4 k|hfklt . sg
f{n gf) [c) sgfd] gl;{u \ fem}F g3'ds ] f] t cfsfk|sfdf plQs} jf cem w]} 7"nf], k'mS
7fpFdf emLgf] clg aHg] 7fpFdf nfp8l:kssf] 9\jf\em}F k'ms]sf] d'v x'g] aLrdf efFRg
ldNg] Ps wflTjs afhf EjfFs'? . sgf{nL gf) klZrd g]kfnsf] k|l;4 7"nf] gbL s0ff{nL (e
fte"lddf k'u]kl5 of] 3f3f ;o"sf] gfdn] k|l;4 x'G5) . c~rn gf) o; gfdsf] c~rn s0ff{
c~rn . sgf{; gf) k'm;sf] jf h:tfsf] 5fgf] c8fpg 3sf] dflyNnf] efudf s]xL aflx lemlsP
sf] sf7sf] 8G8L atf;L . > sgf{;L gf) sgf{; . sgL{ gf) [sgL < ;+) s0f] != x]) s0fL s
@= afF; v's{g] v'kf]{ k;gL . sk{g gf) Gofofnodf ltlg] Ps k|sfsf] k'fgf] b:t' . sk{
;+)] l3pt]ndf f]6L ksfpg cfufdf a;flng] 7"nf] af6f sfxL . @= vKk, skfn . #= bxL fVg]
df6fsf] cfL sxtff] . skf]{];g gf) [c\)] s'g} p2]Zosf] k"lt{sf nflu ;fem]bfL jf cw{;
:yfsf kdf ;~rflnt ;\u7g lgud ;+:yfg . so{ ' gf) [c\) so"] { ;fd"lxs kdf lxF8\g, h'
nufpg ;efa}7s cflb ug{ ;sfsf tkm{af6 ulg] lgif]wf1f hxfF k'luPsf] 5 ToxLF 6Ss f]lsO
lxF8\g gkfOg]
196

l:ylt . sd{ gf) [;+)] != sfd sfo{ . @= efUo tslb k|fAw . #= j}lbs jf nf}lss ;+:sf j
, ljjfx cflb ;+:sf . $= Jofs0fdf stf{ , sd{ , s0f, ;Dk| b fg, ckfbfg clws0fdWo] bf];
f| ] sfs k|foM ltLof ljelQmff k|ltlglwTj ulg] sfs sd{sfs . %= c\u'n jf dfqfsf] 5
gfkf] skfb, c\u jf ;afasf] kldf0f 5 c\u'n . s gf) != gf]s bf; sdff] 6xn'j
!= kmnfd, ;'g, cflbsf] sfd ug]{ sflnu9 . @= bf;, slof . sf08 gf) != u[x:yLn] ug{'
kg]{ lgTog}ldlQs j}lbs tyf nf}lss sd{;d"x . @= iff]8z;+:sfsf] ljlwljwfg pNn]v ePsf
] lxGb" zf:q ljjfxj|taGw . #= hGdd[To' cflb sd{sf] ljj]rg ulPsf] j]bsf] Ps v08 jf e
fu . sf08L lj) sd{sf08 ug]{ jf ufpg] (JolQm) . ~ If]q gf) != sfd ug]{ 7fpF sfo{If]q
d{el" d . @= ;+;f . r08fn lj) != r08fnsf] h:tf] gLr cfr0f ug]{ sd{ff r08fnh:tf] ePs
. gf) @= vfa sfd ug]{ JolQm, dflyNnf] hft jf ;+:sfdf hGd] klg z"bj | t\ cfr0f ug]{ g
Lr JolQm . rf08fn gf) sd{r08fn . sd{rfL lj) [;+)] != cx|fPv6fPsf] sfd ug]{ -JolQm_ s
ld{i7 . gf) @= ;sfL cf]xbfdf x]sf] JolQm tna vfP sfd ug]{ JolQm sfdbf sflGbf . ~ t
d{rfLxaf6 ;~rflnt zf;gk|0ffnL gf]szfxL tGq . ~ k|zf;g gf) cfgf dftxtsf sd{rfLxsf] ;
'jf lgj[lQ cflbsf Joj:yfsf] ]vb]vsf ;fy} To:tf] sfd ug]{ k|0ffnL . k|zf;g zfvf gf)
sd{rfLsf] lgo'lQm jf sfo{;DaGwL Joj:yf, ljj0f cflb fVg], x]g]{ ;sfL jf u};sfL lgsf
[Gb gf) sd{rfLxsf] ;d"x . sd{7 lj) [;+)] != s'g} klg sfd bQlrQ eP ug]{ ;w}e F l Hofg
P sfddf nfluxg] ;lqmo . @= v6\g, sfd ug{df l;kfn' jf kf]Vt sfo{s'zn . sd{0ff lqm) lj)
[;+)] sfdcg';f sfdn] . (pbf) dg;f, jfrf, sd{0ff ;a}sf] lxt lrtfpg' xfd|f] st{Jo xf
] .) sd{0o lj) [;+)] fd|f] c;n sfddf lbnf]Hofg lbP v6\g] sd{lgi7 . tf sd{0o x'gfsf
fj sfo{tTktf . sd{wfo gf) [;+)] ljz]if0f ljz]iosf] ;df; eO{ k|foM pQkbsf] cy{ k|wfg
'g] Ps ;df; -enfbdL, nfndf]x cflb .) . sd{lgi7 lj) [;+)] != s'g} klg sfddf cfTdljZ
jf;sf ;fy nugzLn eO{ nfUg] jf v6\g] sd{7 . @= lgodadf]lhd wfld{s cg'i7fg ug]{ sd{s
f08L . sd{kfq gf) [;+)] k"hfcfhf, o1, xf]d cflb wfld{s sfo{df

197

sd{kw | fgsofDd jL sxnfPsf] sfddf ;fx|} v6\g] . @= s'g} ljgjfwfsf] kjfx guL st{Jokfn
c6n xg] . #= kf]ksfsf] efjgfn] lgM:jfy{ sfd ug]{ . sd{xLg lj) [;+)] != nf]sJojxf k
g';f ug{'kg]{ lgTog}ldlQs sd{af6 Ro't ePsf] . @= sfd gug],{ csd{0o . #= efUo gePs
f] cefuL . tf gf) st{Jo tyf sd{af6 kl5 x6\g] afgL . sdf{ gf) != af6'nf] cfsfsf] kft
kx]n F f] sf7 x'g] Ps j[If sd . @= sdf{rfo{sf] 5f]6f] k . sdf{l>t sfdsnf gf) [;+) ]
sfdzf:qdf plNnlvt rfk|sfsf sfdsnfdWo] g[To, ;\uLt, jfB cflbdf cfl>t sfdsnf . sld{i7
lj) [;+)] != lxGb"zf:qsf cg';f sd{sf08L j}lbs tflGqs cg'i7fgdf nflukg]{ . @= sfddf
nug ePsf] sd{7 . sdL{ lj) [;+)] != sf7, OF6, 9'u \ f cflb j:t'ff s'g} rLhsf] lgdf{0f
ug]{ . @= bQlrQ eP sfddf v6\g] sd{7 . gf) #= sf7, 9'u \ f, jh| cflbsf] sfd ug]{ Jol
Qm sflnu8 . sd{ ' gf) [u'?] u'?hfltdf dlxnfn] lkmnf 5f]Kg] uL nsf{P sDddf afFWg] sk8
Dnf] . sd]l { Gb|o gf) [;+)] afXo If]qdf sfd ug]{ d'Vo OlGb|o d'v, xft, uf]8f, u'bf
pk:y oL kfFr OlGb|o . sof;f] gf) x]) s]F;f] . sofss'?s gf) [c) d") sofs\c (l))] !
|f,] e'mlPsf] jf ;'s]sf] sf7 cflb efFlrFbf cfpg] jf ;'lgg] cfjfh dofsd'?s . @= otfp
lt km}lnPsf] e'mf] j:t'nfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf ;d]6L kf]sf] kfbf{ lg:sg] zAb . lqm) lj) #
= ;'s]sf] jf e'mlPsf] sf7 cflb efFlrFbf cfjfh ;'lgg] lsl;dn] . sofSs lqm) lj) [c) d
") sofs\s] bx|f] sf7 cflb Ps} rf]l6 efFRbf jf efFlrFbf cfjfh ;'lgg] uL sSs dofSs . s
f) [;+) s'
\s] xfF;sf] h:tf] 6fpsf] 7'F8f] eO{ afFsL zL s'v'fsf] h:tf] x'g], 3fF6L ;
] c efu sfnf] x'g] tyf hnfzodf xg] Ps hftsf] rf] qmf}~r kIfL . sofKk lqm) lj) [c) d
sofk\k] != bx|f] sf7 cflb efFlrFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] sofSs . @= pDsg gkfpg] uL ;dfp
g] 9
\udf rfn gkfpg] uL PSsfl; kqmg] lsl;d;Fu RofKk . sofds'?d gf) [c) d") sofd\c (l
e'mlPsf] j:t' ;dfpFbf jf rkfpFbf efFlrP cfpg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= e'mlPsf] vfB j:t
' rkfpFbf cfjfh lg:sg] uL s'g} vfB kbfy{ rkfP vfO;Sg] rfndf . sofDd lqm) lj) [c) d")
sofd\d] != bx|f] j:t' efFlrg]

;
\sNk, ljlgof]u cflbsf nflu dGqk"j{s s'z, hf}, ltn, cIftf, hn, k"mn cflb ldnfP flvP
sf] efF8f] (tdf}f, c3{, b'gf, srf}f cflb .) ltnfgL . sd{k|wfg lj) [;+)] Jofs0fcg';f l
mofff sd{jt\ eO{ lqmofsf] ln
\u, jrg klg sd{s} cg';f xg] (k|lqmof, jfSo O)) . sd{kmn g
) [;+)] ;gftg wd{ jf wf0ffcg';f k"jh { Gddf ulPsf] dflgg] sd{xsf] kmn jf hGdhGdfGtsf]
;+:sfaf6 jt{dfg h'gL;Dd cfPsf] z'e jf cz'e ef]uefUo jf k|fAwsf] kl0ffd . sd{el " d
gf) [;+)] wfld{s dfGotfcg';f o1, tk, cg'i7fg cflb wfld{s sd{ ugf{sf lglDtsf] plrt
e"ld cfof{jt{ . (k'f0fxn] eftjif{nfO{ sd{e"ld eg]sf 5g\) . @= sfd ug]{ :yfg sd{If]q
. #= ;+:ff . sd{ef]u gf) [;+)] hGdhGdfGtsf] z'efz'e sd{sf] ef]u sd{kmncg';f kfOg] ;'v
b'Mv . sd{dfu{ gf) [;+)] != j}lbs sd{sf08sf dfWodaf6 O{Zjsf ;flGgWo;Dd k'Ug] af6f]
o1, k"hf cflb wfld{s cg'i7fg . (1fgdfu{eGbf sd{dfu{af6 ;lhn} O{Zj5]p k'Ug ;lsG5 e
lgG5 .) @= ef}lts zLnfO{ wd{sf] ;fwg ;Dem] ftlbg wfld{s cg'i7fg uL knf]s ;'wfg]{ k4lt
d{of]u . sd{of]u gf) [;+)] != lrQz'l4 ug]{ zf:qljlxt sd{ . @= ;kmntf ljkmntfsf] j
f:tf gfvL ;dfg efjn] ulg] z'e sfo{ s'nkDkf zf:qLo ljlwljwfgcg';f st{Jo ;DemL ulg]
. (uLtfdf 1fgof]u, sd{of]u elQmof]usf] fd|f] j0f{g 5 .) > sd{of]uL lj) != sd{of]ud
f ljZjf; fVg] kl0ffdlgk]If eP st{Jodf ;ls x'g] . @= lgi7fk"js { sfddf nfUg] . sd{v ]
f) [;+)] k"j{hGdsf] z'ecz'e sd{cg';f ag]sf] jf efUo;"rs dflgg] zLsf c
\u ( xft, k}tfn
f cflb) df sf]lPsf ]vf jf wsf{ x:t]vf . sd{jfRo gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fcg';f tLg jfRo s
sd{ efjdWo] Ps jfSosf] agf]6df lqmofff k|ToIftM sd{ ;DalGwt x'g] kbof]hgf . @= sd{
d'Vo eO{ sd{cg';f lqmofkb x'g] ;df;ljz]if . sd{jfb gf) [;+)] bz{gzf:qcg';f z'e jf c
z'e sd{sf] kmn cjZo ef]Ug'k5{ eGg] l;4fGt sd{df ljZjf; ug]{ jfb . > sd{jfbL lj) sd
{jfbdf ljZjf; fVg] sd{jfbsf] cg'ofoL . sd{ljkfs gf) [;+)] != k"j{hGddf ulPsf z'e cz'
e sd{cg';f ePsf] dflgg] c;n jf vfa kmn . @= hGd hGdfGtsf ;+:sfsf] ef]ufO . sd{jL lj)
+)] != ;fxl;nf] jf pNn]vgLo sfd ugf{n]

s/f] { snlav jf efFlrFbf cfjfh cfpg] rfndf sofSs . @= ;fx|f] j:t' rkfpg] 9\un] dofSs
sf] { lj) != gd jf lunf] gePsf] s8f ;fx|f] vfnsf] vf] . (pbf) sfG5Lsf] nf]Ug] sf]
;}n] pgn] 3 vfg ;lsgg\) . sif{ gf) [;+)] != tfGg] sfd l3RRofO . @= hf]Tg] jf vGg] s
fd . #= ;f]x| df;fafasf] tf}n . $= e"ldJoj:yfdf f]kgLsf] rf v08sf] Ps v08 . %= k|frL
g d'b|fsf] Ps k|sf . > sif{s lj) != tfGg] l3RRofpg] . gf) @= vghf]t ug]{ JolQm v]tLj
fn ls;fg s[ifs . sif{0f gf) != tfGg] sfd l3RRofO . @= vghf]t uL afnL nufpg] sfd . #=
tf5\g] jf v's{g] sfd . sn! gf) [;+) snf] w]} k'hf{ hf]8 ] agfOPsf] ljleGg sfdsf nfl
u k|of]u ulg] ;fwg oGq d]l;g (wfg s'\6\g] sn, t]n lkFWg] sn, n'uf l;pg] sn, uGhL a'
Gg] sn O)) . sn@ gf) [;+) snx] snx afemfafem . sn# gf) [c\)] 6]lnkmf]gaf6 x'g] jf ulg
] s'fsfgLsf lglDtsf] af]nfj6 jf va . sn$ gf) [;+)] != dfgl;s ;Gt'li6 cfGtls zflGt . @
= dg OR5f . lj) #= cy{ ga'lemP klg ;'lgx"Fh:tf] dL7f] ;'lnf] (snj, sn:j, snWjlg O) .
. s07 lj) != dL7f] :j ePsf] ;'lnf] :jsf] . (pbf) ;'lgG5 dL7f] sns07 uf}j . n]vg
= sf]OnL sf]lsn . #= xfF; $= k]jf . snssns lqm) lj) [c) d") sns\ c (l))] rsf]{ ltvf{ d
]6\g efF8faf6 wff 5'6fO{ 3fF6L pFef] nfP kfgL vfFbf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] snsnL . sn
sn gf) [c) d") sn\ c) (l))] != s'nf], ;f]tf] cflbsf] kfgL aUbf cfpg] dw' zAb . @= rfr'
?\uLsf] dw' cfjfh . #= w]} dflg; Ps} rf]l6 af]Nbf ;'lgg] c:ki6 Wjlg . $= x]) snssns
. > snsnfO gf) != snsn ug]{ lsl;d (kfgLsf] cfjfh, rfsf] af]nL cflb) . @= slnnf]kg
kfn'jf nfu]sf] cj:yf . snsnfOg' c) lqm) != snsn zAb ub}{ alug' . @= slnnf] xf]Og'
. snsnfpbf]snsnfpFbL lj) !=snsn zAb lgsfNg] ( gbL, emgf cflb) (snsnfpFbL, b"/df gbL
b]jsf]6f) . @= ev{ d'gf knfPsf] jf kfn'jf r9]sf] sdnf] (vkft, nxf O)) . #= ev{ a}; F
r9\g nfu]sf] ns]{ (s]6f], pd] O)) . snsnfpg' c) lqm) != snsn zAb ub}{ kfgL aUg' . @
= slnnf], xnSs a9]sf] x]bf{ fd|f] b]lvg] x'g' . snsnfx6 gf) snsn x'g] lsl;d jf cj:
yf . snslng' s) lqm) snsnfpg] xf]Og' . snsnL gf) != cDvf]f, s?jf cflbaf6 7f8f] 3fF6
L nufP kfgL vfFbf cfpg] zAb . lqm)
198

lj) @= s]xL vfpFm jf lkpFmh:t} eO{ ef]s jf ltvf{ nfUg] lsl;d;Fu . #= pFef] 3fF6L
nfP kfgL vfFbf zAb cfpg] rfndf snssns . snsn] gf) ;]tf] 3fF6L x'g] vfnsf] Ps hftsf
] rf] . sn3 gf) [sn3] kL7f] cflb lkFWg] 3 . sn3 gf) [sn3 ] != snk'hf{x ;Fefn]
. @= wfg s'6g \ ,] t]n k]Ng], kL7f] lkFWg] oGq cflb flvPsf] 3 jf sf]7f . sn
\s gf) [
;+)] != s'g} j:t'df g;'xfpg] lsl;dn] x]sf] bfu jf 6f6f] . @= s'g} gfd|f] sfdaf6 nf
Ug] bf]if s;' . #= b'isLlt{ nf~5gf ckjfb ckh; . > snl
\st lj) sn
\s nfu]sf] bfuL . s
!= sn
\s ePsf] bfu b]lvPsf] vf]6 nfu]sf] vf]6L . @= rGb|df . snrf}8f] lj) [sfnf]lx) r
] sfnf] f]ug ePsf] sfnf] j0f{sf] . snlhe|] lj) [sfnf]lhe|] ] != sfnf] lhe|f] ePsf] .
@= af]S;f] (JolQm) . gf) #= b'jr { g af]Ng] dflg; s6' jfSo k|of]u ug]{ JolQm . s
n emu8f gf) != cfk'm;df afg]hW ' g] sfd b'O{ ljkIfLsf aLrsf] cff]kk|Toff]k ufnLunf}h
elPsf] egfeg . @= k:k b]lvg] j}dg:o . snq gf) [;+)] != :jf:gL kTgL u[lx0fL . @= lgtDa
l6eGbf k5fl8sf] efu k'6\7f . snwff gf) [sn wff ] d'xfgaf6 kfOkff NofOPsf] kfgL vf]Ng
ug{ x'g] k|foM wft'sf] 6'6L hl8Psf] kfgLsf] wff . sng gf) [;+)] != 5lPsf] j:t' jf
ljifonfO{ ;d]6 ] Ps 7fpF e]nf kfg]{ sfd hDdf . @= ;fh;Hhf f[ [ u \ f ;hfj6 . #= nfpg
fd wf0f . sngf gf) [;+)] != 1fg ljj]s . @= lgdf{0f ;+rgf . #= sNkgf . $= :j;+of]hg .
ljrf cfzo cg'e"lt . sngfb lj) [;+)] != ;'lnf] dL7f] :j ePsf] . gf) @= ;'lgx"Fh:tf
f] cfjfh >'ltdw' Wjlg . sngf;f] gf) leq tfn'glhs} e'mlG8Psf] df;'sf] 6'qmf] gfl;So W
jlg lgsfNg d2t ug]{ pRrf0fcjoj . snk gf) [;+) sNk] != k'mn]sf s]z h'Fuf cflb sfnf]
kfg]{ cf}ifwL, lvhfa s]zsNk . @= sk8f bx|f] kfg{sf nflu nufOg] df8 . #= uh', cf}F
7L cGo wft'df dflyaf6 r9fOg] hnk kfOg . sn kg{' c) lqm)6') dg kg{' rfvnfUbf] x'g' .
snlav gf) [sfnf] lav] != ss{nfsf cfsfsf] nfDrf] kft x'g], gLnf] k"mn k'mNg] sfnf] km
n nfUg] lavfn' Ps jg:klt . lj) @= vfg} g;lsg] vfnsf] tLtf] Hofb} tLtf] .

199

snesnf tfO{ efudf xg] Ps hflt . @= S;L kfg]{ a]Rg] dflg; eLjfn . :qL) snjfgL{ . snz
[;+)] != laxfga]n'sf kfgL e] flvg] hnkfq ufu|f] 3}F6f] . @= k"hfcfhfdf j?0f, gju|x c
flb b]jtfsf] cfjfxg ug{ :yfkgf ulg] hnk"0f{ 38f tfdfsf] hnkfq . #= dlGbsf] uh' . $=
ljjfxdf ;u'gsf lglDt cl3 nfP lxF8fOg], ljz]if ;lh;hfp kflPsf], dlGbsf cfsfsf] d\unkfq
. sn;fpbf]sn;f}bf] lj) [ snrf}F8f]] cg'xfdf clncln sfnf] f]ug ePsf] sfnf] cg'xfs
nf] j0f{sf] hLp ePsf] . sn:of}nL gf) [snz of}nL] ljjfx cflb d\unsfo{df ;u'gsf kdf ljz
]if lsl;dn] ;hfOPsf] snz af]s ] hGtLdf a]xn ' f a]xn ' Lsf cufl8 lxF8g \ ] sGof jf
;wjf :qL . snx+; gf) [;+)] != dfg;f]j cflb tnfpdf dw' cfjfh lgsfNb} v]Ng] xfF; hxfF;
x+z . @= xfF; . snx gf) [;+)] kIfljkIfsf aLr s'g} s'f jf ljifodf x'g] egfeg k:ksf] eg
j}L afemfafem . lk|o lj) emu8f ug]{ :jefjsf] emu8fn' . > snxfGtltf gf) klxn] snxf
] cjx]ngf u] kl5 k5'tfpg] gflosf gflosfsf b; e]bdWo] Ps . snxL lj) emu8f ug]{ :jefjs
f] afg] snxlk|o . snf6 gf) [c
\) SNoflg]6] k|foM ljjfx cflb d
\unsfo{df ahfOg] ;gO{h:
s afhf . snf gf) [;+)] != s'g} klg sfd fd|f]l;t ug]{ ;Lk, sf}zn cflb Jojxff]kof]uL
rf};6\7L snf . [h:t} ufog, jfbg, gt{g, gf6, lrqsfL, ljz]ifsR5]B (6Lsf6fnf ug{'), t0
8'ns';'dfjln (rfdnsf bfgfn] k"mna'f agfpg'), k'ikf:t0f (k"mn}k"mnsf] f[
\uf Rg'), c
\u
a'sj ' f, kfp8 cflb nufpg'), dl0fe"ldsfsd{ (3 ;hfpg'), zogrgf (la5fpgf ;hfpg'), pbsjf
B (hnt\u ahfpg'), pbsf3ft (krsf xfGg'), lrqfof]u (pd] jf cj:yfkljt{g), dfNou|Gyg (dfn
f ufF:g'), s]zz]vfkL8 (skfndf k" m n ;hfpg' ), g] k Yoof] u (kf] ; fs km] g { ' )
, s0f{kqe\u (9'\u|L, sfF6f cflb nufpg'), uGwo'lQm (cQ cflb nufpg'), cn\sfof]u (uxgf k
xg'), P]Gb|hfn (r6s ug{'), sf}r'dfof]u (krgf), x:tnf3j (xNsf xftn] rfF8f] sfd ug{'),
;"ksd{ (vfgf ksfpg] sfd), kfgsflb ef]hg (;a{t cflb agfpg'), ;"lrsd{ (l;nfOsf] sf
d), ;"qlqmof (wfuf], aQL cflb sfTg'), jL0ff8d?jfB (l;tf, tanf cflb ahfpg'), k|xl ]
nsf (hfGg]ufpFvfg] sljtf, syf Rg'), k|ltdfnf (cGTofIfL ldnfP Znf]s eGg'), b'jf{rsof]
u (sl7g kbxsf] cy{ ug{'), k':ts

sne gf) [;+)] != xfQLsf] aRRff] 5fjf . @= pF6sf] aRrf] pNn" . sne6{ gf) [c|) \ ] vf]N
;fvfN;Ldf Xo'd kfOk h8L jf 9nfg uL agfOPsf] kfgL hfg] 9n ;fgf] vfnsf] k'n k'n];f] .
snd! gf) [c\) sfnd] != :ofxf;|]:tfdf hgfOPsf sdxsf] lsQf jf v08 . @= kqklqsf jf k':t
ssf kfgfsf xkmxsf] 7f8f] nx :tDe . snd@gf) [c)] != hldgdf jf csf]{ vdf ;fg{sf nflu s'
} vsf] xfFuf] sf6\g] sfd xfFufnfO{ la?jfsf kdf kl0ft ug]{ ljlw la?jf, xfFuf cflbaf6 ;
g]{ la?jf lgsfNg] jf 5fF6g \ ] sfd . snd# gf) [;+)] != afF;, lgufnf] jf wft'af6 a
g]sf] n]Vg] ;fwg n]vgL . @= wfgsf] gnh:tf] leq Kjfn k]sf] 8fF7 x'g] ;fgf] afF; Ps h
ftsf] lgufnf], ; . #= c;fdf f]k] d\l;df kfSg] Ps hftsf] wfg . $= t:jL agfpg] xft] s"
rq n]Vg] ;fwg . hLjL lj) != snds} edf kl>d u] hLljsf rnfpg] n]vgj[lQsf cf8df afFRg]
s . bfgbfgL gf) sndsf] ;'Iffsf nflu 6'Kkf]klaf6 3';fg]{ 9'\u|f]sf] cfsfsf] efF8f]
k . bfk gf) sndbfgsndbfgL . gfd gf) ;fdfGo Jojxfdf rNtL ulg]eGbf leGg gfd n]vrgf
]sfxLF k|of]u ulg] 5b\dgfd k'mn gfd pkgfd . afh lj) != n]Vg] k];f cFufn]sf] sndhLjL
@= jfbL k|ltjfbL n]Vg :ofxf;|]:tf ldnfpgdf kf]Vt . ~ x8tfn gf) ;DalGwt pRr lgsfosf
;fd' cfgf dfux fvL sd{rfLxn] sfof{nodf xflh eP klg tf]lsPsf] sfd gug]{ Ps k|sfsf]
xflh eP klg n]vk9sf] sfd gug]{ lh2L . sndL lj) [snd O{] != snd sf6] ;f]sf] snd agfOPs
. @= snd ;f]sf] af]6df kmn]sf] . #= xfFuf sf6] jf 5fF6] ;flPsf] (kmnk"mn cflb) . $=
n]Vg hfGg] sndhLjL . ~ ;f]8f gf) ;'u F ' sf] d"taf6 aGg] Ps k|sfsf] ;f]8f lj:kmf]6s
kbfy{ agfpg ;lsg] cf}ifwLdf klg k|of]u ulg] ;f]8f . snd'vf lj) [sfnf] d'v] != sfnf]
cg'xf ePsf] cFWofd'v] 3f];] . @= d'vfn] b'd{'vf . sn gf) [c\)] != sf]6, sldh cflbsf
6Ldf kmsf{Og] s7fnf] . @= s's'sf] 3fF6Ldf afFWg] 5fnf cflbsf] k]6L . snj gf) [;+)]
!= dL7f] ;'lnf] cfjfh sf]dn dw' Wjlg . @= k]jfxsf] ;fd"lxs cfjfh . snn gf) [;+)]
oleq k|lji6 z'qm hsf] ;lDd>0f x'g] ynyn] cj:yfsf] ue{ jf e|"0f klxnf] ftsf] ue{ . s
njf gf) [k|f) sNnjfn < ;+) sNokfn] != g]kfnsf]

snfsfslnGb jfrg (fd|f]l;t k':ts k9\g) ' , gf6snf (xfpefp lems] gf6sx v]Ng'v]nfpg'), ;
:ofk"lt{ (Ps kfpdf c kfp yk] Znf]s k"f ug{'), klsfaf0fljsNk (d]r, s';L{ cflb agfpg'),
tIfsd{ (sf7sf] ddtL sfd), tIf0f (l;sdL{ sfd), jf:t'sd{ (3 cflb agfpg] sfd), KoTgkLIf
(;'grfFbLsf] sfd), wft'sd{, dl0ffu1fg (h'xftL sfd), cfs1fg (vlghljBf), j[Iffo'jb {]
f]u (au}r F f agfpg] sfd), ;hLjB"t (rf, e]8f cflb n8fpg] sfd), z's;flsf k|nfkg (;'u
fd}gf kfn] k9fpg'), pT;fbg (t]n dfln; ug]{ sfd), cIfd'li6sf syg (;f\s]lts zAb jf cIfa
f6 s'f ug{) ' , Dn]lR5tljsNk (ljb]zL efiffx hfGg'), b]zefiff 1fg (b]zsf ljleGg efif
f hfGg'), k'ikzsl6sf lgldQ1fg (k|fs[lts nIf0fff z'efz'e s'f hfGg'), oGqdft[sf (hGtdG
t ug{'), wf0fdft[sf (Iffa'6L afFWg] sfd), ;Dkf7 (csf{n] k9]sf] ;'g ] To:t} k9\g'), df
g;LsfJolqmof (sljtf, sfJo cflb Rb} ;'gfpg'), clewfgsf]z5Gbf]1fg (zAbsf]z 5Gbsf nox h
fGg'), lqmofljsNk (lqmofsf] k|efj abNg') 5lntof]u (7uL jf P]ofL ug{'), j:quf]kg (
nQfsk8fsf] lxkmfht), B"tqmL8f (h'jf), cfsif{sqmL8f (kf;f, a'l4rfn cflb v]n), afn
qmL8g (s]6fs]6Lsf] v]n), j}gflosL (gd|tf, lzi6frf), j}tflnsL (xfQL3f]8f cflb ;wfpg
'), j}hlosL (n8fOF, s':tL, s;t cflb)] . @= jf:t', d"lt{, lrq, ;\uLt, ;flxTo cflb n
lnt snf jf ljBf . #= s'g} sfd k|z+l;t tyf cfsif{s kdf ug]{ 9\u h'lQm . $= t]h k|efj
. %= zf]ef . ^= OGb|hfnL jf r6sLsf] sfd . &= v]naf8 . *= rGb|snfsf] ;f]xf| F} ef
u . (= ;"os { f k|sfzsf] afx|f}F efu . !)= clUgd08nsf] b;f}F efu . !!= 5n . !@= f
lzsf] tL;f}F efusf] ;f7Lof}F efusf] klg ;f7Lof}F efu . !#= cg'ej tyf 1fgsf cfwfdf
;Da4 l;4fGtnfO{ Wofgdf fVt} s'g} sfd lgoldt kdf ug]{ jf s[lt k|:t't ug]{ sf}zn .
!$= dflg;sf] hLjglgjf{x tyf pRr sf]l6sf] 1fgk|flKtsf lglDt of]Uo agfpg] cWoog ty
f cg'zLngsf] Ps c\u jf dxjk"0f{ If]q (t'n) c\) cf6{;\) . !%= jf:t' jf d" l t{ s nfd
f b' O { dfqfafasf] gfk b' O { c\u'nafasf] kldf0f . snfsf lj) [;+)] != s'g} snfsf]
:t', d"lt{, lrq, ;\uLt cflb s'g} snfs[ltsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ snfk"0f{ sfd ug]{ . gf) @
= s'g} klg snfk"0f{ sfd ug]{ jf snfTds ;Lk b]vfpg] JolQm ( ;flxTosf, ;\uLtsf, d"lt{
sf, lzNksf, g[Tosf, cleg]tf O)) . > snfsfltf gf) snfk"0f{ 9\un] ;hfpg] sfd \uf]ug
ug]{ k|ljlw . (pbf) kf6gsf] s[i0fdlGbdf dNnsfnLg snfsltfsf] fd|f] gd'gf b]lvG5) .
200

snfs'zn lj) [;+)] snfsf ljifodf kf]Vt snfdf lgk'0f . snfs[lt gf) [;+)] snfsfff lgld{t
gf, sflnu8Lsf] lzNk, snfsfsf lrq . snfsf}zn gf) [;+)] != snfIf]qdf k|fKt u]sf] ;Lk s
nfdf lgk'0ftf . @= sflnu8L ;Lk lzNk . snfhLjL lj) [;+)] snfsf] If]qdf sfd u] hLljsf r
nfpg] cfg} ;Lkaf6 cfh]{sf] ;DklQn] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ . snfTds lj) [;+)] snfk"0f{ 9\un]
;hfOPsf] sflnu8L elPsf] cfsif{s . tf gf) snfTds x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . snfw
[;+)] != rGb|df . @= dxfb]j lzj . #= snfljz]if1, snfljb\ . snflglw gf) [;+)] rGb|
df . | ] . @= d'h ' sf] snfk gf) [;+)] != w]} kldf0f f; ;d"x y'kf k'R5 . #= la6f]
$= wg' . %= sfTofogff k|0fLt Jofs0fsf] gfd . > snflkgL gf) ft flq . snfkL gf) != d'
= sf]OnL . lj) #= sfnkJofs0f k9\g] . $= ayfgdf a:g] . snfaQ' gf) [t') snfat"g] ];dsf
8f]fdf a]lPsf] ;'g ' f}nf kf}nf emLgf] tf . snfdd{1 lj) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'sf] ;f}Gb
{af] fd|f] kfv ug]{ snfsf] leqL dd{ lrGg] . @= snfsf . snfjGt lj) [;+) snfjfg\] snf h
Gg] snfsf . snfjfg\snfljb\ lj) [;+)] snfsf] 1ftf snfsf . snf:gfts gf) [;+)] ;flxTo,
t cflb nlnt snfsf] :gfts tT;DaGwL tx, l8u|L jf pkflw (aL) P)) . > snf:gftsf]Q gf) s
nf:gftseGbf pkNnf] tx, l8u|L jf pkflw (Pd\) P)) . sln gf) [;+)] != ;To, q]tf, fk sl
n rf o'udWo] kl5Nnf] o'u jt{dfg o'u . @= cfk;sf] ]ifk"0f{ egfeg emu8f snx . #= kfk .
= b'Mv, Sn]z . %= o'4, ;\u|fd . ^= kmqmg'eGbf klxnf] cj:yfsf] k"mn sf]lknf . sd{ gf
) != k:kdf snx kfg]{ jf aemfpg] sfd . @= n8fOF emu8f, o'4 . slnsf gf) [;+)] gkmqm]sf
] k"mn sf]lknf . slnsfn gf) [;+)] slno'u slno'usf] ;do . sln\u gf) [;+)] != k'm;|f]
f] nfdf] uw{g ftf] 6fpsf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] rf] . @= ta'hf] . #= eftsf] pl8;f k|b]zsf]
k|frLg gfd . slnh'u gf) [;+) slno'u] x]) slno'u . slnGb gf) [;+)] != od'gf gbL lg:
s]sf] kj{t . @= ;"o{ . #= af]{ . > slnGbhf gf) slnGb k|bz ] af6 lg:sg] jf lg:s]sf]
gbL od'gf gbL, sflnGbL .

201

slno'usNk ePsL sfnf] j0f{sL (:qL) . F f] P] != kxfdf u'8 F agfpg], lra]h:tf] sNrf}8
] gf) [sNrf}8 sfnf]
sf] Ps hftsf] rf] . lj) @= 7"n7"nf sNrf}F8f] ePsL sfnf] hLpsL sNr
f}8 F L. sNrf}8f] gf) [;+) snr'08] != :tgkfoLxsf] b"w xg] kmfFrf] y'g e'mlG8g] b"wsf]
kmfFrf] srf}F8f] . lj) @= s]xL sfnf] j0f{sf] e2f hLp ePsf] sfnf] . sN5] gf) != k|f
oM gbLsf lsgfdf b]lvg], 6fpsfdf l;p x'g] Ps k|sfsf] rf] . @= Ps hftsf] t?n sN5]t?n .
?n gf) KofhL sf] nfdf] lu7f u'nfkmL sf] nfdf] sGb x'g] Ps hftsf] t?n . sN5f] gf) [;
s[i0fn] != cg'xfsf] sfnf] kf]tf] s]xL sfnf] j0f{ . lj) @= To:tf] f]ug jf j0f{ ePsf]
. sNkg' c) lqm) [;+) sNkg g'] != s'g} j:t' b]v ] kfpg] jf lng] rfxgf x'g' lt;{gf a9\g
dg nf]leg' . @= ySsySs kg{' r'sr'sfpg' k5'tfpg' . sNk! gf) [;+)] != df\ulns tyf z'e
sfo{sf zf:qLo ljlwljwfg . @= j]bsf 5 c\u lzIff, sNk, Jofs0f, lg?St, 5Gb Hof]ltifdW
o] alnbfg, o1 cflbl;t ;DalGwt ljlw atfpg] Ps c\u . #= lxGb" k~rf\ucg';f rf}w dGjGt j
f Ps xhf dxfo'u cyf{t\ rf ca, aQL; sf]8 dfgj jif{ atfOPsf] sfnsf ;dosf] ;fx|} 7"nf]
ljefu . $= k'f0fcg';f a|Xdfsf] Ps lbg dflgg] k|To]s sNk (Zj]tjffx, gLnnf]lxt, jfdb]j
, yGt, f}j, k|f0f, j[xTsNk, sGbk{, ;To, O{zfg, Jofg, ;f:jt, pbfg, uf?8, sf}d,{ gfl;+x
;dfg, cfUg]o, ;f]d, dfgj, k'dfg, j}s0 ' 7, nIdL, ;fljqL, 3f], jffx, j}fh, uf}L, dfx
]Zj lkt[) . %= cfw'lgs k'fzf:q tyf e"zf:qsf cg';f sltko o'udf afFl8Psf] k[YjLsf] s]
xL :jtGq ljsf;fTds cj:yf x'g] ljlzi6 sfnljefu (cflbsNk, pQsNk, dWosNk, gjsNk O))
. ^= k|no . &= cfo'jb {] dtfg';f zLsf] s'g} c\unfO{ k'gM gofF :j:y agfpg] o'lQm j}Bz
:qLo lrlsT;f ljwfg (s]zsNk, g]qsNk, sfofsNk O)) . *=k"0f{ jf jf:tljs geP klg ;df
g jf afaL x'g] ;dfg t'No (b]jsNk, ClifsNk O)) . sNk@ gf) [;+) sNkgf] ;fgf], ldxLF sNk
gf . (pbf) emLgf sNkx af]Ny] . b]jsf]6f) . s lj) sNkgf ug]{ rgf ug]{ . sNkfGt
uf}Fo'u;Ddsf] cjlw Hofb} nfdf] ;do . @= lat]sf jf cfpg] o'uf}Fo'u w]} klxn]b]lv w]}
kl5;Ddsf] ;do . sf gf) j}lbs ljlwljwfgsf] j0f{g ug]{ tyf tT;DaGwL zf:q agfpg] JolQ
m sNkzf:q tyf u[Xo >f}t;"qsf rlotf . Ifo gf) sfo{k k[YjL, hn cflb tj cfgf] sf0fdf
'b F } k|sl[ tko{Gt cJoQm

slno'u gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f rf o'u ;To, q]tf, fk slndWo] kl5Nnf] o'u > slno'uL lj)
'udf x'g] jf slno'ul;t ;DalGwt (ljz]iftf, u'0f, wd{ O)) . slnof] gf) [;+) sNo] !=
s]6LkIfn] jf s]6fkIfn] d;Fu ljjfx u egL s'f] p7fpg] klxnf] af]nL jf s'fsfgL . @= ljj
fxsf] sfd lglZrt ug{ j jf jw"kIfaf6 lbOg] pkxf sf];]nL . #= ;Gb]z . slnnf] lj) [;+)
sln k|f) ONn] != afn pd]sf] evsf] . @= gd sdnf] sf]dn . #= gl5lKkPsf] snsnfpFbf] .
nnL . snL gf) [;+)] != gkmqm]sf] k"mn sf]lknf] s'8d \ n slnsf . @= k|d ] L dfofn' . s
n'if gf) [;+)] != cwd{ kfk . @= qmf]w, l; . #= don bfu . $= vfa efj, b"lift ljrf . lj
%= kmf]x d}nf] . ^= vfa lgGbgLo . > sn'lift lj) != ckljq b"lift . @= ?i6 If'Aw . #=
i6 sn\lst . sn'ifL lj) sn'lift . sn]h gf) [c\)] pRr lzIffsf] cWofkg ufpg] z}lIfs ;+:y
dxfljBfno xfnsf] SofDk; . sn]hL lj) [sn]hf] O{] != sn]hfsf] h:tf] ePsf] ftf] sfnf]
sf] ePsf] . gf) @= sn]hfsf] \u ftf]df s]xL sfnf] ldl;Psf] . #= sn]hf] . sn]hf] g
fs:ynLb]lv bflxg]tkm{, kmf]S;f]sf] d'lGt xg] 5fxf sf] sdnf] leqL cjoj os[t\ . sn]6L
!= ef]s, f]u jf s'kf]if0fn] d'v ;'sL gL; cf]7df b]lvg] kfk|f . @= ef]s jf ltvf{n]
cf]7 ;'ss ] f] l:ylt . sn]f gf) [c\)] x}hf 5]fp6L . sn]j gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf] afX
]x . @= b]jtfsf] k|ltdf jf tl:a . #= aflxL cfj0f vf]n . sn]jf gf) [;+) sNojt{] laxfgL
kvsf] jf laxfg ef]hg ug{'eGbf klxn]sf] rd]gf . sNs gf) [;+)] != tf]L k]n] t]n alg;s
]kl5 afFsL x]sf] vf]:6f t]nsf] lyu|f] lkgf . @= a's'jf . #= w"nf] r"0f{ .$= don bfu s
s . %= cwd{ b"lift cfr0f kfk . slNs gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f lji0f'sf b; cjtfdWo] kl5Nnf
s lji0f' . ~ cjtf gf) lji0f'sf] Ps cjtf . sNsL gf) [t') snuL] != fhfdxffhfsf lzk]r
lg] x'dfpFrfsf] KjfFv . @= Ps k|sfsf] rf]ljz]if . #= rfsf] 6fpsfsf] l;p . ~ k'mn gf
f] cfsfsf xfFufdf nfDrf, dl;gf, v;|f kft 6'Kkfdf l;psf cfsfsf] ftf] k'mn k'mNg], e]6
\gfdf xlof u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] k'mn . sNrf}8 L lj) [sNrf}F8f]O{] != x]
ofy{df k|oQ ' m x'g,] sfnf] hLp 7"n7"nf :tg ePsL efn'y'g] (:qL)) . @= e2f hLp

sNkgfsjr cj:yfdf x]sf] l:ylt ;+;fsf] gfz k|no . t?b|d ' gf) x]) sNkj[If . sNkgf
)] != :d[ltk6df cgf}7f gofF s'f jf j:t'sf] k|ltdf tyf k]vf agfP sfJo, lrq, k|ltdf cf
lbsf kdf ptfg]{ jf d"t{ k lbg] lqmofTds dfgl;s zlQm . @= To;L gb]vs ] f] jf g;'gs ]
f] s'g} gofF cgf}7f] s'f dgn] chdfpg] jf k|:t't ug]{ sfd . #= cg'dfg cGhfd ts{gf .
$= ;'Gb rgf s[lt . %= ;hfj6, l;Fufk6f . ^= dgu9Gt s'f] dglrGt] af]nL . &= s'g} Pp6f
nfO{ csf]{ dfg] To;af6 efj;f} G bo{ k| f Kt ug] { sfJout u' 0 f . ~ tj gf) ;+j]bgzL
n slj snfsfn] cfgf s[ltsf nflu lgdf{0f ug]{ cfwf;fdu|L sNkgfsf] cfwftj . > sNkgftLt
!= sNkgfb]lv aflxsf] sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] . @= hfGga'g jf ;f]rljrf k'ofpg g;lsg] c1]o .
|wfg lj) sNkgf a];L ePsf] sNkgfdf ufFl;Psf] sNkg}sNkgfn] ;lhPsf] (sfJo, rgf O)) . ~
zlQm gf) sNkgf ug{ ;Sg] zlQm ;f]rljrf ug]{ Ifdtf . > sNkgfl>t lj) sNkgfdf cfwflt sNkg
df c8]sf] . sNkgLo lj) != sNkgf ug{ ;lsg] sNkgf ug{ plrt . @= ljrf k'ofpg ;Dej x'g]
. #= dfofnfUbf] bogLo . sNkntf gf) [;+)] != :kz{ jf 5fof nfUgf;fy dgsf] OR5f k"0f{
x'G5 egL sNkgf ulPsf] :ju{sf] Ps nxf] . @= x7of]udf pGdgL d'b|f cyf{t\ dgnfO{ kdfT
dfdf nufpg] cj:yf . sNkjf; gf) [;+)] Ps sNkel tLy{jf; u]sf] k'0o sdfpgsf] nflu ;+od
lgi7fk"j{s df3 dlxgfe u
\uf, od'gf cflb gbLsf t6df ulg] lgjf; . sNkj[If gf) [;+)] cf
k"mn] lrtfPsf] s'f lbg] egL cnf}lss kdf k|l;4 :ju{sf] Ps v sNkt? . sNkfO gf) [ sNk (
)] sNkg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sNkfOg' s) lqm) sNkg nfOg' lt;{gf hufOg' nf]
EofOg' . sNkfpg' k|) ] lqm) sNkg nfpg' cf}wL lt;{gf hufpg' nf]Eofpg' nnrfpg' . sNkfG
t gf) [;+)] ;a} ;[li6 blag] jf gfl;g] cflvL ;do k|fs[lts k|no . slNkt lj) [;+)] != s
Nkgf ulPsf] . @= dgdf u9]sf] dgu9Gt . #= gSsnL agfj6L . slNkg' c) lqm) [sNkOg'] != sN
g] xf]Og' . @= sNkg' . sNdif gf) [;+)] != kfk s'sd{ . @= don s; bfu . sNo gf) [;+)] k
|ftMsfn piffsfn laxfgLkv . sNof
s'n
' sNof
dNof
gf) [c) d") sNof
\c (l))] != w]} d
af]n]sf] cfjfh sNof
aNof
. lqm) lj) @= To;L af]Ng] jf sfpg] rfndf .
202

sNof0f gf) [;+)] != ;a} lsl;dn] x'g] enf] tyf al9a9fp c;n enfO lxt . @= z'esd{ . #=
;
\uLtdf ftsf] klxnf] kxdf ufOg] Ps k|l;4 fu . sfL lj) sNof0f ug]{ enfO ug]{ d
\un
o gf) ;dfhsf ;a} ju{sf] qmdzM pGglt ufpFb} n}hfg] fHoJoj:yf . ~ wg gf) != ufl8fv]sf]
a]jfl;L wg u8'jf wg . @= a]jfl; dflg; dbf{ ;sf nfu]sf] wg ~ sf]if gf) != s'g} sNof0f
{sf lglDt :yflkt jf ;
\slnt sf]if . @= ;fdflhsz}lIfs ;+:yf;\u7g jf ltgsf sd{rfLxsf] lx
;+If0fsf lglDt flvPsf] sf]if . ~ ldq gf) s'g} :jfy{sf] efj gfvL sNof0f ug]{ ldq lxt}i
fL ;fyL . > sNof0fL lj) != sNof0f ug]{ (:qL) sNof0fdoL . @= ;'vL efUozflngL . #= kjt
L ;'GbL . sNofg gf) != txtx k]sf v]tsf kf6f . @= v]tdf kfgL c8fpg nufOPsf] cfnL . sNo
xf lj) [snx ofxf] != emu8f ug]{ snx ug]{ emu8fn' ae'mjf afg] . @= ?Gr] f]ofxf . sN
[c) d") sn\ n] kfgL vfFbf jf kfgL aUbf zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] . sNnf gf) [sn bf] d'unsfnsf
] k'fgf] c;kmL{ . slNnof gf) [slnof] of] ljjfx ug{sf nflu s]6fsf] 3tkm{af6 s]6L dfUg
hfg] JolQm ndL . sNnL! gf) [;+) s6s] :qLhfltn] uf]8fdf nfpg] ;'g jf rfFbLsf] uf]nf
sf a'] jf ;fbf uxgf . sNnL@ gf) [;+) snfk] != ;;fgf kfFr;ft d'7f hDdf kfL afFw]sf] kf
cflbsf] 7"nf] d'7f] . @= 3fF;sf] d'7f] rfsL . sNnL# gf) [;+) slnsf] na]bfsf] km]df
ufFl;g] sk8fsf] tLgs'g] 6'qmf . sNnf]n gf) [;+)] != gbL, ;d'b| cflbsf kfgLsf] ;t
xdf p7\g] 5fn kfgLsf] 7"nf] t\u . @= o'jso'jtLsf aLrsf] k|d ] k|;\u ltqmL8f . #= cfdf
bk|df]b v]naf8 . dflngL gf) 7"n7"nf t\u jf 5fn p7\g] gbL . > sNnf]lngL gf) 5fn p7\g]
jf t\uo'Qm gbL . sN;fpbf]sN;f}bf] lj) x]) sn;fpFbf]sn;f}Fbf] . ' Lvfgfdf sjr! gf) [
hpnj;"n] klxn]klxn] d'ns sd a'emfPkl5 cfaf6 lbOg] u]sf] l;b sar . sjr@ gf) [;+)] o
n8fOFdf z:qsf] k|xfaf6 aRg zLdf nufpg] wft'sf] ef]6f] h\uL kf];fs . @= cfj0f . #= 5fn
, af]qmf . $= tGqzf:qcg';f zLsf c\u k|To\usf] Iff lbzfljlbzfaf6 klg ;'Iff k|fKt
u kf7 ulg] :tf]q b]jLb]jtfsf] k|fy{gf uL lrPsf] tflGqs dGq (b'uf{sjr cflb) . wfL l
r wf0f

203

sjloqLsi6 !($!@)@@)nfO{ k|bfg ulPsf] lyof] .] slj;do gf) [;+)] k|s[ltdf gx'g] jf b]z,
sfn cflbsf s'fnfO{ klg sljxn] cfgf] kDkfdf k|of]u ub}{ cfPsf s]xL ljlzi6 klkf6L jf d
Gotf . (pbf) o'jtLsf kfb:kz{n] czf]s k'mN5 rftsn] afbnaf6 a;]s { f] kfgL r'Rrf]df
yfk] vfG5 O)) . slj ;Dd]ng gf) [;+)] sljtfkf7sf] sfo{qmd ;~rflnt x'g] sljxsf] ;ef jf
uf]i7L s'g} pT;j, ;dff]x cflbdf ePsf] k|ltof]uL jf ck|ltof]uL sljhdftsf] hd36 . s
jLGb| gf) [;+)] sljxdWo]df >]i7 slj dxfslj . (sflGtk'sf dNnfhf k|tfkdNnn] :jod\ of] k
bjL wf0f u]sf lyP .) k' gf) != pTs[i6 sljxn] lgjf; u]sf] 7fpF . @= k| t fk dNnn] ag
f] sflGtk' sf] d?;Qncufl8sf] ejg . sj}! lqm) lj) [;+) sbflk] slxNo} klg, sbflk .
sj}@ gf) [;+) sfsdfr] cln sfnf] k'm;|f] uL b'O{ k|sfsf] x'g,] uf]n cfsfsf u]8f nfUg]
, ;fun] lgb|f nufpg], klZrd g]kfndf s';f{g] gfdn] lrlgg] Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt . sJo gf)
[;+)] lkt[b]jtfxsf lglDt lbOg] jf xf]ldg] j:t' (cGg) . szf gf) [;+)] != sf]f{ rfa's
. @= 8f]L . sz]? gf) [;+)] != s;' (Ps k|sfsf] ;'kfL) . @= d]?b08sf] xf8 . slZrt\ ;j{
[;+)] sf]xL s'g} . sZdn gf) [;+)] != kfk . @= df]x . #= d"R5f{ a]xf];L . sZdL gf) [;
+)] eftsf] klZrdf]Q efudf xsf], kj{tLo k|fs[lts ;f}Gbo{n] o'Qm tyf eftLo ;\3cGtu{tsf]
k|l;4 k|fGtLo fHo . sZdLL lj) x]) sl:d/L . ~ d'b|f gf) x]) sl:d/L d'b|f . ~ s]z gf)
]) sl:d/L s]z/ . sZok gf) [;+)] != a|Xdfsf kf}q tyf dLlrsf dfg; k'q Ps ljVoft k|hf
klt b]jtf tyf bfgjxsf hgs dGqb|i6f tyf uf]qk|jt{s Ps Clif sfZok (logsf lblt, clblt,
bg', ljgtf, v;f, sb|", d'lg, qmf]wf, cli6f, Of, tfd|f, Onf k|wf uL t]x| :qLx lyP elg
G5 . log}af6 sZok sfZok u]fqsf] kDkf rn]sf] xf] .) . @= ;Ktlif{d08nsf Ps tffsf] gfd
. siffo lj) [;+)] != 6f]{ :jfbsf] (sfFrf] ;'kfL, cdnf, km6lsL cflbsf] :jfbh:tf]) .
@= ;'ulGwt . #= FufOPsf] ljz]iftM u]? sf] (h:tf] siffo j:q) . si6 gf) [;+)] != s'g} c
efj jf Go"gtfsf sf0fn] x'g] gdfOnf] tyf b'Mvsf] cg'ej b'Mv kL8f . @= cfkb\ ;\s6 . s
si6 lbg] si6 k'ofpg] si6 x'g] . ~ sNkgf
(lj);+)

ug]{ sjr nufPsf] (of]4f) sjrL . > sjrL lj) sjrwfL . sjloqL gf) [;+)] sljtf Rg] :qL :
slj . sjL gf) [;+)] cfOdfO{xsf] ;hfOPsf] s]zkfz r'N7f] j]0fL . sju{ gf) [;+)] b]jgfu
nlksf] j0f{Joj:yfdf Jo~hgj0f{sf kfFr ju{ (sju{, rju{, 6ju{, tju{, kju{) dWo] klx
nf] ju{ s, v, u, 3, oL kfFr cIf . sjn gf) [g]jf)] bnfg, k;n, cflbsf b'O{ yfdsf aLrsf
] :yfg b'sfgsf] n jf efunfO{ aLraLrsf vDaf jf fn] 5'6fOPsf] ;fgf] v08 . sjfO 6fs gf)
) sfpAafO{6fFs] k|foM tfdf], lkQn cflb wft'af6 agfOPsf], kfOG6, hfs]6 cflbdf nufO
g] a']bf jf ;fbf 6fFs (nLa6d) . sjfh gf) [c) sjfob] ;}lgsxnfO{ ;fd"lxs kdf lbOg] ljle
g k|sf Pj+ sIffsf] zfLls k|lzIf0f kmf}hL kmt ;}lgs tflnd . sjfob gf) [c)] x]) sjfh .
f; gf) [skf; < ;+) skf{;] x]) skf; . > sjf;L lj) skf;h:t} ;]tf] (ufO{) . sjf;] lj)
sjf; x'g] sjf;h:tf] . slj gf) [;+)] != sljtf jf sfJosf] rgf ug]{ JolQm . @= z'qmfrf
o{ b}Tou'? . #= jfNdLls . $= qmfGtbzL{ O{Zj . sd{ gf) sljsf] sfd sljtf jf sfJo rgf
{ sfd . s]zL gf) != g]kfnL sljxnfO{ k|bfg ulg] g]kfnsf] Ps kbjL . @= sljxdWo]df l;+x
]i7 slj . sljtf gf) [;+)] != sljff cfgf ;+j]B cg'e"lt jf :k"mt{ efjgfnfO{ 5Gb jf nod
f pg]/ k|:t't ul/Psf] kBfTds jf uBfTds ;flxlTos s[lt jf rgf sfJo sljsf] efj jf sljs
d{ . @= Jofks cy{df ;a} k|sfsf kBfTds jf uBfTds rgf ;fdfGotM 5Gb, uLt jf d'Qmssf l
jleGg k|sfdf lrPsf s'g} Ps ljifo jf efjgfsf k'm6s kBfTds jf uBfTds noo'Qm rgf . sljT
j gf) [;+)] != sljtf jf sfJorgfsf] lqmof, u'0f, efj jf ljlzi6 k . @= slj jf sljtfdf
lglxt u'0f, ljz]iftf jf zlQm . sljfh gf) [;+)] != cfo'jb {] Lo cf}ifwLk|0ffnLdf lz
lIft jf ljlzi6 j}Bsf] Ps pkflw . @= sljxdf >]i7 >]i7 slj . sljj lj) [;+)] sljdf j0f u
lg of]Uo sljxdf >]i7t . sljlzf]dl0f gf) [;+)] != sljxdWo] >]i7 jf zLif{:y slj . @= T
f sljnfO{ lbOg] g]kfnsf] Ps fli6o kbjL . [of] kbjL g]kfnL efiffsf k|l;4 slj n]vgfy
kf}8fn

s;\g's;f}6L gf) k|of]udf Nofpg sl7g x'g] sNkgf jf ;f]rfO . sfs lj) si6s . ;fWo lj
:snn] dfq ;kmn kfg{ ;lsg], ;fx|} d]xgtn] dfq l;4 x'g] . s;\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) s:;0f]
!= s'g} j:t'nfO{ 8f]Ln] d:sfpg' a]:sL afFWg' 6'of{pg' . @= k]r, l9d|L cflb 3'dfP 6Dd
kfg{' . #= lsgd]n ubf{ ;s];Dd df]n 36fpg] k|of; ug{' s;fs; ug{' 36f36 ug{' . $= ls
kmfot ug{' vr{ 36fpg' . %= ssfkdf kf] lng' k};fk};fsf] lx;fa ug{' . ^= ;|: ] tfdf cfD
fgLvr{ afFWg' . s;! gf) [;+) sif] != wft'sf efF8fs'8 F fdf nfUg] lvof sfO{ vO{ . @=
pufn lyu|f] . #= w"jfF cflbsf] s; . $= bfu sk6 . s;@ ;j{) [k|f) s:; < ;+) s:o] ljelQ
m nfUbf aGg] sf] zAbsf] lto{s\ k (s;sf], s;nfO{, s;af6, s;n] O)) . s;sf; gf) [s;\ (l))
s:g] jf d:sfpg] rfn jf lqmof . s;s'6 gf) [sfF; s'6 < ;+) sf+:os[t] tfdf h:tf ld;fO
Psf], sfF;f]h:tf] t gk'm6\g] vfnsf] cln pHh wft' . > s;s' 6 ] lj) s;s' 6 sf] s;s'
6 ;DaGwL (efF8fs'F8f) . s;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s;s\ s] cFufnfn] a]], 8f]Ln] afFw] s:g]
sl;dn] jf s:g] rfndf . s;gtdg gf) [sfF; tfdf] sfF;, tfdf cflb wft'sf efF8fjt{g 9nf}6
] efF8fs'F8f . s;d gf) [c)] x]) lslof zky . s;dL gf) [c) s;jL] j]Zof Joflerfl/0fL :qL
kft/ . s; gf) [c)] != s'g} j:t'df ldl;Psf] sfd gnfUg] kmfNg] j:t', sl;\u . @= lyu|f]
lyu|]gL . $= sk6 kfk . $= ;'Sbf jf kmf]x j:t' 5'ofpFbf s'g} j:t'df x'g] gf]S;fgL htL
{ . %= u'7Lsf] hUufdf nfUg] dfnkf]t jf ltf] 5\jfoafnL . s;t gf) [c) ] != zL lgf]uL
k'i6 kfg{nfO{ ulg] b08a}7s cflb cEof; Jofofd . @= ldlxg]t, kl>d vKofOF (k) g])) . >
s;tL lj) s;t ug]{ Jofofd ug]{ . s;d; gf) [s; (l))] != x]kx]sf] j:t' lyu . @= q'
bf]if bfu . s;L lqm) lj) [s;f] uL] s;f] uL s] uL s'g lsl;dn] s'g txn] . s;nf gf)
bf) lnPy]F Tof] lzIff ta clg 36f] si6 s;nf . n]vgfy, t?0f tk;L) . s;fO gf) [ s;\ (
] s:g] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s;fOg' s) lqm) s:g nfOg' d:sfpg nfOg' . s;fO{ gf) [c)
] != k|foM df;' kmnk"mnsf] Jofkf ug]{ g]jfsf] Ps hflt v8\uL . lj) @= jlws 3ftL . #=
204

lgb{oL lgi7' . s;fpg' k|) ] lqm) [s;\cfpg'] s:g nfpg' d:sfpg nfpg' . s;fs; gf) [s;\
!= efp 36fpg] sfd, 36f36 . @= wdfwd s:g] sfd . #= k:ksf] s;fO . s;f gf) ljjfx, j|ta
Gw cflb z'e sfo{df v]sf] kL7f] v'bf] d'5L d'7Ln] a6f] agfOPsf] n8\8' . (klZrd g]kfn
df vfhf vfgsf nflu klg s;f agfpg] ulG5 .) . s;fxf lj) [s;\cfxf] s:g] :jefjsf] lsG6f]s
. sl;s;fp gf) [sl;s;fp] ;lh;hfp, tDtof . sl;
sl;
\u gf) [s;O
O
\u] != w"nf]d"n
flng] jf a9flPsf] kmf]x j:t' 2L kbfy{ . #= dg gk]sf] dflg; clk|o JolQm (h:tf] cfFvfs
sl;
\u) . sl;bf gf) [kmf) szLb] sk8fdf l;of]wfuf]n] a]na'f cflb sf9\g] sfd . sl;g' s)
qm) [s;\ O g'] != afFlwg' 6'l{g' . @= tlD;g' cfF6\g' . #= 7fF6 kfg{' sl;s;fp x'g' . sl;
f] lj) [s;\ Onf]] != sl;Psf] ul7nf] ;fx|f] . @= s:g] b'Mv lbg] . #= s; nfUg] gfd|f] k
{ . s;L gf) [;+) lgsif] != ;'g, rfFbL cflb wft'nfO{ c;n sd;n 5'fpgsf lglDt 3f]6] x]g]
{ sfnf] lrKnf] 9'\uf] s;f}6L . @= j:t':tsf] lgwf{0f ug]{ ;fwg dfkb08 . 3f]6fO gf) k
fv ljj]s . s;'0fL gf) eft ksfpg] 9nf]6sf] efF8f] s;f}F8L . s;'! gf) [;+) s;]?s] != nf
fnfdf kft, sf]bfsf] afnfh:tf] v}f] k"mn f}Fh:tf hf ePsf] sGbkmn kmNg] Ps af]6 . @= T
o;}sf] kmn s;]?s . s;'@ gf) [c) s';"] != bf]if ckfw vfOlafd . @= ljz]iftM c1ft kd
l6 . #= k|rlnt sfg'gn] lgif]w u]sf sfds'f u]df ;hfoefuL aGg'kg]{ sfo{ aft . bf lj)
s;' jf lafd ug]{ bf]ifL afktL . gf) @= egL lafpg] jf uL lafpg] JolQm . aGb gf) s;
ug]{ jf To;df ;flat ePsf] bf]ifL . jf lj) s;'bf . s;} ls) of]) [s;f] P]] != s'g} t
g s]xL u] klg . ;j{) @= sf]xL s'g} (ljelQm nfUg] kdf) . s;}nf] lj) [;+) siffo] 6f]{ .
s;f] lj) af]) [s; cf]] != k|Zg, z\sf cflb a'emfpg] zAb Sofxf] . ;j{) @= s:tf] . s;f}8
L gf) [s;'0fL < ;+) sf+:ojt{gL] d'v s]xL ;fgf] ePsf] k]6 k'ms]sf], bfneft cflb k
sfOg], sfF;sf] jf s'g} wft'sf] efF8f] s;'0fL . s;f}6L gf) [s;Lcf}6L] != j:t'sf] ;d'
lrt d"No jf dxj

205

s:s]nLsf sxnfO gf) [ sxnfp (cfO)] sxnfpg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sxnfOg' c) lqm
) k|l;4 xf]Og' fd|f] jf gfd|f] gfd rn]sf] xf]Og' . sxnfpg' c) lqm) [sx nfp g'] gfpF rN
fdL x'g' k|l;4 x'g' sxlng' . sxlng' c) lqm) [sxnfp O g'] k|l;4 x'g' gfpF rNg' . > sxNof
gf) sxlng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . sxNofOg' s) lqm) [sxNofp O g' ] ;flat ufOg' sfon kfl
' . sxNofpg' ;) lqm) [sxfln ofp g'] != sfon kfg{' ;flat kfg{' . @= xKsfpg' t;f{pg' . sx
qm) lj) [k|f) slx < ;+) s'q ] != s'g 7fpFdf stf . cJo) @= sxfF xf] sxfF ;dtf jf t'
ngfdf clt leGgtf a'emfpg] zAb . (pbf) sxfF fhf ef]h, sxfF u
\u" t]nL . pvfg .) sxfO g
f) [ sx (cfO)] sxg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sxfOg' s) lqm) egfOg' sxg nfOg' .
sxfpg' k|) ] lqm) egfpg' sxg nfpg' . sxfgL gf) [df) sxf0fL < k|f) sxfl0fcf < ;+) syl
gsf] df}lvs jf lnlvt jf:tljs jf slNkt tyf uBdf n]lvPsf], ljz]iftM dgf]~hg ufpg] jf
lzIff lbg] p2]Zon] syf;"qdf plgPsf] efjk|wfg jf ljifok|wfg 36gf ePsf] rgf syf ls:;
f cfVoflosf . sxf gf) k/Dk/fut kdf efL, 8f]nL, kfgL cflb af]s] hLljsf rnfpg] Ps hflt
:qL) sxfgL{ sxflg . sxflng' c) lqm) [sxfnLg'] 8 jf cTof;n] lFu6f nfUg' sxfnL nfUg'
t;{g' cflQg' . sxfnL gf) != s'Gg} cUnf] 7fpFaf6 tnlt x]bf{ nfUg] 8 jf lFu6f . @= 8nfU
f] j:t' b]Vtf x'g] cTof; . sxfjt gf) [lx) sxf (sx)aft (jt)] s'g} tYo jf cg'e"t ;To
ePsf] nf]sk|rlnt syg nf]sf]lQm pvfg . slxg' s) lqm) [sx)Og' ] elgg' atfOg' . slxg
sxOg] yfxf lbg] p2]Zon] slxPsf] jf elgPsf] s'f aofg ljj0f x'lnof . slxn] lqm) lj) [
]] s'g ;dodf, s'g avtdf s'g a]nf . ~ sxLsfxL lqm) lj) s'g } s'g} ;dodf a]nfavt cfsn
n . > slxNo} lqm) lj) slxn] klg . sxL lqm) lj) [sxfFO{] != s'g} 7fpFdf st} . @= s'g}
a]nf s'g} ;dodf sf]xL avtdf . sf k|To) [sf]] != ;DaGwsfs, ifi7L ljelQm sf]sf] ax'jrg
cfbfyL{ k ;+1f zAb;Fu ;DaGw b]vfpg] Ps ljelQmlrXg . gf) of]) @= ;a} jf yksf] cy{ a
g] uL l?Qm gfd zAbsf aLrdf cfpg] zAb (3sf 3,

cfFlsg] s'g} dfgs cfwf . @= x]) s;L . s:s]nL lj) [sf:sL PnL] sf:sL lhNnfsf] sf:sLdf xg
] (afl;Gbf) sf:sL lhNnfdf ePsf] jf agfOPsf] (j:t') . s:tL lqm) lj) [s:tf] uL] s:tf] uL
;L . s:t"L gf) [;+)] != g]kfndf k|foM lxdk|bz ] df x'g,] lxpFaf6 au] cfPsf] kfgL lxp
F kUn]kl5 9'\ufsf n]p vfg], 5f]6f], k'R5, emLgf v'f gsf] gfleg] ;'uGwL lagf ePsf], d
usf hftsf] emG8} :ofnhqf] k|l;4 hGt' g]kfndf kfOg] abfdL usf], sfdk b]z (klZrd cf;fd
)df kfOg] sfnf] usf] sZdLdf kfOg] lk\un j0f{sf] uL tLg hft dflgPsf dWo Pl;ofsf 3g
df klg 7G8f 7fpFdf kfOg] ;f]xL hGt' . @= To;} hGt'sf] gfleg] x'g] cg]s ;'ulGwt j:
t' tyf cf}iflw agfpgdf k|of]u ulg] ;'uGwL b|Josf] uf]nf] y}nL lagf . ~ dlNnsfjlNnsf
gf) laofFdf s:t"Lsf] af:gf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] ntf ntfs:t"L . s:t} lqm) of]) [s:tf] P]] !
s:tf] g} h:tf];s ' } . lj) @= s'gh:tf] . s:tf] lj) [s] h:tf]] != s]h:tf], s'g lsl;d
sf] . @= cfZro{, l;, emsf]{, pb]s cflbdf k|of]u ulg] zAb (pbf) s:tf] ghftL sfd x'g
uP5 s:tf] d"v{ dfG5] ! O)) . sl:dfs:d]f gf) [;+) sZdL, t'n = c\) s}ZdLc] != ljz]if
sf] pmgaf6 ag]sf] sf]6 cflb l;Og] c;n sk8f . @= sZdLdf ag] g]kfn cfPsf] To:tf] n'u
f . sl:dL lj) [sZdL O{] sZdLsf] sZdLl;t ;DalGwt jf sZdLdf ag]sf] . ~ d'bf | gf) uf
fw'xn] sfgdf nfpg], klxn] sZdLdf aGg] u]sf] :kml6ssf] s'08n . ~ s]z gf) sZdLsf] kfDkf
gfd u]sf] :yfgdf ljz]if dfqfdf k}bf x'g] Ps hftsf] k"mnsf] s]z sfZdLLs]z . s:o lje)
)] k'fgf] ;|]:tf jf lr7Lkq cflbdf k|rlnt :o k|Tooo'Qm ifi7L ljelQmsf] k sf] (;'Aafs:o
kqd\ d'lvofs:o kqldbd\ Ot aneb|s:o sf]l6sf]l6 s'0f]; { O)) . s:ofg gf) [sfF; ofg] sf
F;s } fF; ePsf] jg jf hUuf sfF;3fL . sxtff] gf) [;+) sk{] cfLsf 5fF6sf] bxL cflb hdfO
] df6fsf] efF8f] . sxg' ;) lqm) [k|f) sxO < syg g'] atfpg' eGg' (s'f], ;Drf, syf cflb)
. sx gf) [c) sx] != ljklQ cfkt\ ;\s6 . @= b'Mv x}fgL . ~ sf6\g' 6') b'Mv v]Kg' . (p
kN6 t sx sf6] klg dfn lgvGg} kof]) . sxfpg' c) lqm) [sx cfp g'] s'g} s'fn] RofFl7g'
.

sfFs/Lsf7f] kf]sfsf kf]sf nfdsf nfd O)) . sfsL gf) [ sfFqmL] x]) sfFqmL . (pbf) sfF
afg}afg, s'bL cfof] xg'dfg sfFsLnfO{ yfFsL t km;L{nfO{ 5fg' (pvfg) . sfqmL gf) [sfFqm
f]O{] ;;fgf] vfnsf] sfFqmf] sfFqmf]sf] If'bt | fjfrs zAb sfFsL . laof lj) sfFqmfsf]
ofFh:tf] To:t} cfsf jf afGsL ePsf] (bfFt, 6LsL, a'f O)) . {] pkTosfsf] blIf0fL efud
f sfqm]ljxf gf) [sfFqmLljxf] ;'vt kg]{ eUgfjz]if dfq x]sf] Ps P]ltxfl;s :yn . (pQm eU
fjz]ifdf 7"n7"nf lznfx 5g\ ltgdf k|frLg jf:t'snfsf gd'gf kfOG5g\ .) sfqmf] gf) [;+)
ss{6L] vf; uL jiff{sfndf nxfdf emf
\luP kmNg], xlof] jf ;]tf], kftnf] af]qmf ePsf] n
Drf] cfsfsf], ;nfbdf flvg] jf crf kfg{ x'g] kmnljz]if ss8L . sfqmf] rf]nfO{ d'8\sLsf]
;f:tL (pvfg) . sfluof] gf) [;+) s
\sltsf] != s]z ldnfpg] jf ;kmf ug]{ s8f a, Knfl:6s,
sf7 (afF;, >Lv08), wft' cflbff agfOPsf] bfFtLbf j:t' skfn sf]g{ k|of]u ulg] ;fwg sfFO
f] sFuof] sFlugL sfOFof] . @= sfFluof]h:tf] b]lvg] xlof lrNnf kft x'g] tyf kx]Fnf] k"
mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] v . #= s]fsf sf];fxsf] k\lQmbf ;d"x (Ps 3Ldf w]} sfFluof] s]f x
.) . $= sk8f a'Gg] tfgdf wfuf] l5fP ldnfOg] cjoj . sfu|]; gf) x]) s
\u|]; . sfr gf)
) sfr] afn'jf, ;f]8f, r"g cflb ld;fP tof kflPsf] tyf r['f, af]tn, P]gf cflb agfOg] r
lDsnf], kfbz{s, s8f k'm6\g] j:t' l;;f . sfrn ' L gf) [;+) s~r's] zLaf6 cnu eP km]l
sf] aflxL kftnf] 5fnf jf kq . ~ km]lg' 6') vfa cj:yfaf6 fd|f] cj:yfdf k'Ug' l:yltdf k
t{g cfpg' . sfrf] lj) [;+) sRr] != gkfs]sf] k|fs[lts cj:yfsf] (sfFrf] wfuf], sfFrf]
df6f], sfFrf] OF6 O)) @= oGq jf snfff klis[t gkflPsf] (sfFrf] kmnfd, sfFrf] kbfy{ O))
cklkSj . #= a'l4, ljrf, Jojxf cflbdf kfsf] gePsf] (sfFrf] dfG5], sfFrf] pd] O)) . ~
slrnf] lj) gkfs]sf] lrlrnf] (kmnk"mn jf vfB kbfy{ ) . ~ kbfy{ gf) dfn tof x'g'eGbf
k"j{sf] j:t' sRrf kbfy{ . ~ kft gf) ;'tL{ tdfv' . ~ af?b gf) aGb'ssf] gfndf eg{, 6f]
6f jf s]k agfpg tof kflPsf] w"nf] af?b . ~ ef8f] gf) ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg] dflg; ckToflnf
dfG5] . ~ df6f] gf) != vghf]t ubf{ gd]sf] df6f] kf]Nbf gkfs]sf] df6f] . @= dg]{ rf
]nf gfzjfg\ zL . (pbf) zL sfFrf] df6f] xf], o;sf] s] 7]ufg ) ~ df;' gf) != gksfOPs
206

gkfs]sf] df;' . @= :qLsf] u'Kt]lGb|o . ~ nfxf gf) zf]wg gulPsf] jf cfuf]df kufn] 5f
k cflbdf k|of]u gu]sf cj:yfsf] nfxf . sfhL gf) [;+) sfl~hs] ;v, dx, bxL, ldnfP agfOg]
k]o cf}ifwL dxf; s'~hn . sfhf] gf) [;+) sf~hL] v's'L, sb{, xFl;of, cflbsf laF8sf] 6f
sfdf hl8g] lkQn jf c s'g} wft'sf] d'Gb|f . sf6 gf) != 9fFrfsfFrf 5fF6 9
\u lsl;d (pbf
gsf] sfF6 fd}| 5 .) . @= cf}sft x}l;ot (pbf) cfgf] sfF6cg';f kf] lax]jfL ug{'k5{ t )
#= ;dfgtf afaL (pbf) tL b'O{ efO sfF6 ldNbf 5g\) . 5f6 gf) != sf6\g] 5fF6\g] sfd
g z'l4 klisf . @= vx sf6\g] l5dNg] sfd sf6s'6 . sf6f! gf) lhNnfcGtu{tsf] e"efu
) . sf6f@ gf) [;+) s06s] != ;'grfFbL hf]Vg] ;fgf] t'nf] jf dfntfn hf]Vg] 7"nf] t'n
f] tfh' . @= To;L dfn;fdfg hf]Vg] t'nfsf 8G8L ;f]lemPsf] b]vfpg] lha|L . #= vfg]s'f]
vfFbf k|of]u ulg] r'Rrfr'Rrf k]sf] rDrf . $= cfOdfO{xn] skfnsf] z[
\uf ubf{ k|of]u ug
]{ r]k'jf j:t' lrD6L . %= Ogf, s'jf cflbdf v;]sf s'g} j:t' aflx lemSg k|of]u ulg] c
\s
; ' ] . ^= df5f cflb hnhGt' ;dfTg] r'Rr] lrD6L . &= :j]6 cflb xftn] a'Gbf k|of]u
ulg] ;'Of] . *= sfF9f] s06s . ~ rDrf gf) cfw'lgs rngdf vfg]s'f] vfFbf ;Fu;Fu} k|of]u
ulg] sfF6f rDrf sfF6LrDrf . jfn lj) sfF6f ePsf] jf x'g] . sf6L gf) != ;fgf] sfF6f
= ;k{ ;dfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] 6'Kkfdf c
s';] nfu]sf] ;fgf] n6\7L . #= g]n xts8L .
$= ;nfO{sf Psflt af?b nufOPsf ;;fgf 5]:sf . %= sf7 hf]8\g jf leQfdf s]xL e'mG8fpg
7f]lsg] Psflt 5ftf] ePsf] tLvf] kmnfd] sLnf] . ^= 3f]8fsf] kL7df lhgsf ;fy sl;g]
Ps ;fwg . ~ rDrf gf) x]) sfF6f rDrf . sf6 ] lj) [sfF6fP] sfF6f ePsf] sfF6f;DaGwL sfF6
sf] . ~ cff] gf) h'Qf cflb l;pg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] ;fgf] jf cGo s'g} k|sfsf] sfF6fjf
n cff] . sf7! gf) [;+) s07 ] s]6fs]6Lsf] 3fF6Ldf nufOg] sk8fn] df]lPsf] hGt sfF7f] .
f7@ gf) [;+) sR5] ;xahfb]lv aflxsf] 7fpF ufpF a:tL s5f8 . > sf7 ] lj) != sfF7df
ufpFn] s'gfnL . @= ;Eotf gl;s]sf] c;Eo uFjf (sfF7] dfG5] sfF7] ldhf; sfF7] af]nL O))
sf7f] gf) [sf7cf]] != bfneft cflb ksfPsf] efF8fsf] d'vg] 6fFl;P xg] kmLFhsf] n]p jf
. @= b'O{ 5]pdf t'gf nufO{ unfdf afFWg x'g] k"} 5ftL 5f]Kg] uL agfOPsf],

207

sf8sfOt] sftlg' c) lqm) 8fpg' sfFt aGg' . sfw gf) [;+) :sGw] kfv'f hf]l8Psf] hf]
{g;Ddsf] zLsf] efu s'd :sGw . df sfw ldnfpg' 6') Psn] csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{' ;dy{g u
h'6 x'g' . ~ xfNg' 6') 6]jf lbg' ;xof]u ug{' pS;fpg' . > sflwg' c) lqm) != sfd ug{ cN
5L ug{' l9nfO ug{' . @= sfFw] (af]sfxf) x'g' . #= ux|'sfpg' . $= df]6fpg' . sfwLsf
7 gf) [sfFwO{sf7] d'bf{ afFWgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] afF; jf sf7 d'bf{ af]s] n}hfg] sf7
. sfw] lj) [sfFwP] != csf{sf] emu8f jf dfdnf af]s] lxF8\g] . @= sfFw yflklbg] cf8 lb
g] pS;fpg] . gf) #= sfFwdf flvg] j:qflb unaGbL sFw]L . ~ nf}L gf) != sfFwdf d'9f cfl
fnL t]5f]{ kf] af]Sbf To;dlg csf]{ sfFwaf6 xflng] nf7f] . @= w cIfsf] lzdf tflgg] l8s
] jf ;f] cIfnfO{ lrgfpg] gfd . sfk\g' c) lqm) [;+) sDk g'] x]) sfDg' . > sflkg' c) lq
sfFKg] xf]Og' sfldg' . sf; gf) [;+) sfz] != ;]tf] e'mKk] k"mn k'mNg], s'zsf] hftsf]
Ps emf sfz . @= x]) sfF;f]! . 3fL gf) w]} sfF; ePsf] 7fpF sfF;sf] 3fL . sf;f]!
sf+:o] tfdf f
sf] d]naf6 aGg] Ps pkwft' sfF; s;s'6 sf+:o . sfF;f]@ gf) [;+) sfz] 3fF
v;v;fpg] uL nfu]sf] vf]sL . sf+:o gf) [;+)] ! tfdf f
sf] ld>0faf6 aGg], ;]tf] rxs x'g
] 7Ss nfUbf k k'm6\g] :jefjsf] wft' sfF;f], r]; . lj) @= sfF;fsf] r];af6 ag]sf] .
sfF;f] jf r];sf] efF8f agfpg] sfd ug]{ Ps hflt g]jf hfltsf] Ps y s+;fsf . tfn gf
] wft'af6 ag]sf] b'O{ xftdf cNemfO{ k:k u8] ahfOg] afhf d'h'f ofnL . @= d'h'f jf
Fbf ;'lgg] Wjlg t\u . ~ o'u gf) sfF;fsf] xltofff o'4 ug]{ o'u k'ftjlj1fgcg';f
o'usf aLrsf] ;dofjlw . sfOs'O lqm) lj) [c) d") s'OF (l))] d'vaf6 c:jLs[lt jf gsffTds
zAb glgsfnLsg gfOFgfl:t cfg]sfg] rF'Ss . sfOsf]L gf) [af) af]) ] skfn sf]g]{ sfd . sf
f] gf)x]) sfFluof] . sfOnL gf)x]) sflxFnL . sfOnf] gf)x]) sflxFnf] . sfOt] gf) [;+) s
o:y] n]vgbf;sf] sfd ug]{ jf To:tf] k];f ePsf] Ps j}Zo hflt sfo:y . ~ cIf gf) l8sf]
glbO{ k|foM Psgf;n] n]lvPsf lsld vfnsf jf cG;fn] dfq a'g'kg]{ x:tlnlk .

aRrfn] nufpg] leqL n'uf sfF7 . #= afbn, s'Of] cflbsf] 3]f] . ~ ef]6f] gf) Gjffgsf lbg
afnsnfO{ nufOlbg] ef]6f] sk8fn] df]lPsf] hGt sfF7f] . sf8 gf) [;+) sf08] Ps lsl;dsf
z"n af0f tL z . kft] gf) ufO{a:t'nfO{ 3fF; v'jfOg] sfF8sf cfsfsf] b'lwnf] a'] lg
sf8kft] gf) [sfF8f]kft]] kftdf sfF8}sf8f x'g] Ps hftsf] af]6ljz]if . sf8f gf) [sfF8f
]sf] lt) )] x]) sfF8f] . ~ pd|g ' 6') 8 nfUg' f}s F f] hf bbfpFbf] x'g' . ~ lyRg'
g3f6af6 3 kms{Fbf k|]t gkmsf]{;\ eGg] cfzon] af6fdf dnfdLn] sfF8f lyr] w"k lbg' .
jfn lj) sfF8f ePsf] sfF8]bf . sf8] lj) [sfF8f]P] sfF8}sfF8f ePsf] sfF8]bf sfF8fjfn
af gf) vdf donsf h:t} sfF8f kft x'g] cDaf jf a]nf}tL . ~ s'f] gf) sfF8}sfF8f x'g] Ps
k|sfsf] 3fF; jf To;df x'g] s'f] (n'ufdf 6fFl;g] e'm;) . ~ s'j ] fIf gf) af]6 sf];fd
f ;d]t sfF8}sfF8f x'g], gLnf] u]8f kmNg], kx]Fnf] k"mn k'mNg] cldnLsf] h:tf] kft
x'g] Ps nxf] jf To;}sf] u]8f (kmn) s'j ] fIfL ntfs~h . ~ rfk gf) sgsrDkf sl0f{sf
] gf) dl;gf sfF8f l;tffeGbf cln 7"nf kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] r'qf] . ~ tf gf) sfF8}sfF8f
kfL agfOPsf] kmnfd jf cGo s'g} wft'sf] af afg]{ tf . bf lj) sfF8}sfF8fn] o'Qm sfF8f
f] ePsf] sfF8] . ~ k}o ' gf) k}os F' f] eGbf ;fgf] af]6 ;fgf;fgf kft x'g,] sfF8b ] f
}o'Fsf] Ps hft . ~ eG6fle8f gf) 8fF7, kft, e]6g \ ' cflbdf sfF8f x'g], 7"nf] gLnf]
s
] Ps k|sfsf] eG6f . ~ Eofs' gf) g]kfndf dfq kfOg] Ps k|sfsf] rf] . ~ don gf) sfF8f x'
], ;fgf] sfnf] kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] donsf] af]6 . ~ fof] gf) kftsf] Ps kf6fdf 5 rf]
;f;Dd sfF8f x'g] Ps hftsf] fof]sf] ;fu . ~ n'8] gf) sfF8}sfF8f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] n'F8]
. ~ ;Nnf] gf) ftf] vf]6f] cfpg] sfF8f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ;Nnf] . sf8f] gf) [;+) s06s ]
!= xfFuf, 8fF7, kft clfbdf knfpg] cfnlkg jf l;ofsf] 6'Kkf]h:tf] 3f]Rg] j:t' . @=
b'Mv lbg] dflg; zq' . #= ;
\si6 . $= afwf c8\sfp Jojwfg efFhf] . %= ;fngfn . ^= 8n] z
7l8Psf f}F . &= gbLgfnfdf aUg] Ps lsl;dsf] ljiffn' kmLFh . sf9f gf) [;+) Sjfy] cf}
ifwL jf cg'kfgsf nflu hLa'6L xfnL fd|f];Fu ksfOPsf] ; kfgLdf ld;|L, dlr, ;'s'd]n, ;'7
f] cflb xfnL ksfOPsf] tfultnf] k]o kbfy{ Sjfy . sft lj) [;+) sft ] != s'g} sfds'fdf c
F6 ug{ g;Sg] bx|f] d'6' gePsf] 85]?jf sfy gfdb{ eL? x'kxff kfgLd?jf kfgLcfGb|] .
f] Jofs'n cwL . >

sfObfsfs'n sfObf gf) [c) sfob] != sfd ug]{ tf}tlsf sfobf Llt lgod . lj) @= fd|f]
fObfsf] 3, sfObfsf] bxL O)) . sfOgf gf) 7"n7"nf kft k"mnx w]}h;f] eml;s]kl5 xnkxn
;;fgf kft k"mn . sfO{ gf) != l;d;f jf vdf pd|g] xlof] dl;g' ofp kfgLofp . @= bfFt
a|fdf nfUg] ;]tf] ugfpg] n]p s; . #= lafdL kbf{ xTs]nf, k}tfnf, g
cflbdf b]vf kg]{
sfnf] don . $= ;kmf gubf{ ln jf of]lgdf hDg] don . %= 9'
\uf, df6f] cflbdf nfUg] lr
Knf] j:t' n]p . ^= sf7, wft' cflbsf efF8fleq hDg] don sfpnL . sfpsfp lqm) lj) [c) d")
sfpF (l))] x]) SofpFSofpF . sfpsfp lqm) lj) [c) d") sfp (l))] != s'ts'tL nfUg] jf
nufpg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= sfusf] ar]/f] (afnaf]nLdf) . sfps'tL gf) zLsf vf;vf; c\udf xn
'sf :kz{ ubf{ jf 3f]Rbf k}bf x'g] xfF;f] jf em:sf] s'ts'tL u'bu'bL . sfp5] gf) [sfp
5f] P] != ;lxbxsf sf/0fn] rlr{t l;Gw'nL lhNnfsf] Ps ufpF . lj) @= x]) sfp;] . ~ l;d
L gf) x]) sfp;] l;dL . sfp5f] gf) x]) sfp;f] . sfp8Lsfg] lj) vf; uL afnsnfO{ dfof ub
f{ elgg] zJb . sfp8f] lj) e}F;LnfO{ ufnL ubf{ elgg] zAb . sfpG6 gf) [c\) ] k;n, Aof\s
cflbdf k};fsf] sff]af jf n]gb]g ug{ Joj:yf ulPsf] cnu PsfO jf 7fpFljz]if k};f uGtL
ug]{ JolQm . sfpa'hL gf) [af) af])] != sLf] u'hL a'hL . (pbf) sfpa'hL cfof] eg] 8fp
Fb}g x} efO ) . @= x]) sfpa'8L . sfpa'8L gf) != s]6fs]6LxnfO{ sfps'tL nufpFbf elgg
] zAb sfpa'hL . @= sfps'tL . sfpnL! gf) [c\) SofnLnfj] rf}lt xlof 7"nf kft x'g] a
tf] 7"nf] vFlbnf] k"mn k'mNg] tsfLljz]if k"mnsf]kL k"mnuf]eL sf]kL . sfpnL@ gf) [sfO{
] x]) sfO{ n]p . sfpnf] gf) [;+) ss'e] lrnfpg]sf h:tf kft x'g] uf]n kmn kmNg], x[b
of]unfO{ lxt x'g] kmnljz]if . sfp;] lj) [sfp;f] P] sfp;f]h:tf] sfp;fsf] 5fF6sf] . ~ l
;dL gf) gLnf] tyf ;]tf] kq ePsf] k"mn k'mNg], sf];fdf sfp;fsf] h:tf] e'm; x'g] Ps
hftsf] l;dLsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] sf];f . sfp;f] gf) [ sfp5f] ] != gLnf] k"mn k'mNg]
, v}f]
sf], 6'Kkf] 3'd]sf], l;dLsf] h:tf] sf];f nfUg] sf];fdf ljiffn' ;]tf] e'm; x'
g], ;f] e'm; zLdf nfUbf ;fx|} lrnfpg] nxf]
208

sfp5f] . lj) @= kl5 nfu] 5f]8\b} g5f]8\g] jf ;fx|} f]ofOF ug]{ (dflg;) . sfs gf) [;+
)] sfu sf}jf . uj]if0f gf) != c;Dej s'f jf j:t'sf] vf]hL . @= sfusf] h:tf] tLvf] rn
fvLn] ulg] vf]htnf; . uf]ns gf) h'g cfFvfn] x]g{'kof] Tot}kl ;g]{ sfusf] cfFvfsf] gf
L . (To;} sNkgfdf sfunfO{ Psb[s\ elgPsf] xf] .) h\3f gf) != sfusf] hfF3h:tf] cfsfsf
f k"mn k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] a'6L . @= nfnu]8L ftLu]8L QL . #= d;L . hDa' gf) s'jf jf t
, gbLsf] glhsdf x'g,] clt;fgf], k|foM sfu}n] dfq vfg] hfd'gsf hftsf] kmn . tfnL g
f) != cs:dft\ jf ck|Toflzt kaf6 ePsf] b'36 { gf . lqm) lj) @= ;+of]un] k"jo { f]hg
fljgf g} . tfnLGofo gf) ;+of]ujz x'g jf ldNg hfg] s'g} 36gf . bGt gf) != sfusf] bf
Ft . @= cl:tTj g} gePsf] c;Dej s'f] . kIf gf) afns jf tGg]Lxsf b'j} sgk6Lsf nfdfnfdf
s]z (ljz]if u] 5]qLxsf]) . kbkfb gf) != x:tlnlvt u|Gyflb kf08'lnlkdf s'g} cIf, kb c
5'6]sf] ;\s]t ubf{ k|of]u ulg] lrXg ( ) sfuv'] . @= ;Def]usf] Ps ljz]if Llt . k'i6
) sf]OnL sf]lsn . aln gf) != sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzLsf lbg wfld{s b[li6sf]0fn] sfunfO
{ vfg lbOg] rLhaLh sfultxfsf] lbg sf}jfnfO{ lbOg] aln . @= >f4sf ;dodf sf}jfnfO{ l
bOg] ef]hgsf] c+z . jGWof gf) Pp6f dfq 5f]f] kfP km]l s'g} ;Gtfg ghGdfpg] :qL . sfsn
L gf) [;+)] != dw' c:k'm6 Wjlg >[ltdw' t\u dGbdw' :j . @= s}FrL . sfsf! gf) [kmf)
efO sfG5f afa' sfG5faf . sfsf@ lqm) lj) [c) d") sf (l))] != sfu jf sf}jf sfpFbf cfjf
h lg:sg] rfndf . gf) @ To:tf] cfjfh . sfsfs'n gf) [;+) sfss'n ] != kfgLsf nflu d]
3df e kg]{ Ps kIfL rfts . @= kfgL vfg nfUbf glbg]nfO{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . sfsfsf}jf gf
) [ sfsft'jf] != sNsL ePsf],
uLla
\uL ;'uf hfltsf] Ps kIfL jf rf] sfsft'jf . @= ;fnsf
ftnfO{ aLrdf lrL l;Gsf 3';f] sf}jfsf kv]6fh:t} kfL xNnfpFb} s]6fs]6Ln] v]Ng] v]n . s
fsfltn gf) 3fF6Ldf ftf] 8Nnf] e'mlG8Psf] Ps kIfL . sfsft'jf gf) [dn) sst'c] x]) sfs
fsf}jf . sfsL gf) [sfsfO{] sfsfsL :qL sfG5L cfdf . sfs' gf) [;+)] != eo, zf]s, qmf]w
cflb ;+j]usf sf0fn] :jdf cfpg] kljt{g . @= :jLsffTds cy{nfO{ k|s6 ug]{ lgif]wfTds z
Ab . #= u'gu'gfx6 . $= lha|f] . sfs'n gf) [;+) sfskIf] ldnfP 5fF6 kfL sfl6Psf]

209

sfs'jqmf]lQmsfhL sfunfO{ aln lbg] kDkfcg';fsf] rf8 ltxfsf rf8sf] klxnf] lbg . sfutL
[ sfuhL] cw{pi0f k|bz ] df kmNg], lkmSsf kx]n F f] af]qmf l;nf] tyf cldnf] u'bL x
'g], crf agfOg] bfn tsfLdf lgrf]] vfOg] uf]nfsf tyf s];|fbf Ps kmn . sfut] gf) [
tsf] sfutkq;DaGwL . ~ x'nfs gf) k[YjLgffo0f zfxsf kfnfdf sfutkq dfq cf];fk;f ug]{ x'n
fsL . sfu'g' gf) [;+) s\u'] hf}sf h:t} kft afnf x'g] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf afnfdf kmNg
] l3p sf] ;:o{"Fh:tf] bfgf cfo'j]{bcg';f jfo'j4{s k'li6sfs u'0f ePsf] kx]Fnf], ;]tf]
sfnf] x'g] To;}sf leGgleGg e]b . sfu] lj) [sfu P] != sfuh:tf] sfnf] l;s'6] . @= sfu]
8f] . ~ lsf] gf) sfnf va6] kv]6f x'g] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] km6f\u|f] . ~ lhp gf) kftnf] l;
s'6] zL . ~ lemhf gf) sfun] u'F8 nfpg] h:tf dl;gf lemqmflemsL . ~ 7]sL gf) laxfdf b'n
xfklaf6 b'nxLsxfF k7fOg] nUgklqsf d
\unsf lgldQsf] bxL7]sL ;fOkf6f] . ~ enfof] gf) en
of]sf] Ps k|sf . ~ e]8f] gf) Ps k|sfsf] 3kfn'jf e]8f] . sf\Iff gf) [;+)] != OR5f rfx
enfiff sfdgf . @= e'msfp ?lr . > sf\lIft lj) sf\Iff jf OR5f ulPsf] clenlift . sf\If
sfdgf ug]{ rfxgf ug]{ OR5's clenfifL (cfsf\IfL, z'efsf\IfL O)) . sf\luof] gf) [;+) s
sf] != x]) sfFluof] . @= k|foM 3}of uf]8g \ ] sfddf k|of]u x'g] bfFtb } fFt ePsf
] kmnfd] xltof Ps lsl;dsf] lnF8'Nsf] . sf\u|]; gf) x]) s\u|]; . sf5 [;+) sR5] != lt3|
e'F8Lsf] hf]gL{:yn lt3|fsf] sfk hfF3] . @= lsgf 5]p . aGbL gf) ;fgf] vfnsf] wf]tL
f] wf] nuf}F6L . > sf5] gf) l;nfPsf] nFuf}6L . sfh! gf) [c\) su] n'ufxdf 6fFs l5fO{
ugf{sf lglDt agfOPsf] Kjfn 6fFs3 . sfh@ gf) [;+) sfo{] != sfo{ sfd . @= s]xL jf lgw
f{lt cjlwsf lgldQ s'g} klg ;sfL jf u};sfL ;]jfdf x]sf] axfnjfnf sd{rfL, lzIfs cflbn
]{ ;+:yf jf sfof{nodf uO{ u]sf] ;fjlws ;]jfsfo{ . ~ lslof gf) kDkfut Lltcg';f d[tssf
pFdf t]x| lbgleq ulg] c~hlnbfg, lk08bfg cflb cGTo]li6 lqmof df}kf}sf] sfd lqmofsd{ .
jf gf) != rf8kj{ sfo{qmd . @= d]nf]d; ] f] . #= hf]xf] . sfhL gf) [c)] != dfWoldssfn
Lg g]kfnsf] d'Vo k|zf;s dGqL jf ;f] ;xsf] kb . @= lghfdtLtkm{ pRr bhf{sf]

skfn h'NkmL . > sfs'nfO gf) sfs'lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . sfs'lng' c) lqm) 3'ld|g' s'n
s'nfpFbf] x'g' (skfn cflb) . sfs'jqmf]lQm gf) [;+)] s07Wjlgljsfsf cfwfdf jQmfn] af]n
]sf] jfSo ;'g] >f]tfn] clek|]t cy{af6 Ot cy{sf] Jo~hgf ug]{ jfs\ljGof; jqmf]lQm cn\sf
f] Ps e]b . sfsf]n gf) [;+)] != Ps hftsf] sfu sfnf] sfu, kxf8L sfu 9f]n] . @= ;k{ .
#= ljif (xnfxn) . sfsf]nL gf) [;+)] d?O{ ntfljz]if . sfv gf) [k|f) sSv > ;+) sIf]
a;]sf cj:yfdf dflg;sf] sDdb]lv 3'F8f;Ddsf] cu|efu kn]F6Lsf] dflyNnf] efu c\s . sf] a
fnf] gf) lrlrnf] afns ;fx|} ;fgf] gfgL . sfvL gf) [k|f) sSv] sfFwsf] hf]gL{ kg]{ s'
ddlGtsf] vf]lkN6f] v'sg ' L sf]vn ] f] . sfv] lj) [sfv P] != csf{sf] sfvdf dfq al;xg d
ug]{ (afns) . @= sfvdf fVg dfq l7Ss x'g] . sfu! gf) [c\) ss{] != cf}ifwL cflb flvPs
f] af]tndf lasf]{ nufpg k|of]u ulg] sdnf] sf7sf] j:t' leqL lasf]{ a'hf] . @= d6Lt]n
cflb vGofpg k|of]u ulg] ;f]nL 6\jfs . sfu@ gf) [;+) sfs] lrNnf] sfnf] KjfFv x'g], v
f] ss{z :j lgsfn] sfpg] Ps hftsf] s]xL nfDrf] rf sf}jf sfs . v' ] gf) x]) sfskb
'Rr] gf) sfusf] 6fpsfsf] h:tf] cfsfsf] kmn kmNg], gLnf] k"mn k'mNg], s]nfsf] em}F k
ft x'g] ntfljz]if To;s} kmn jf k"mn . sfuh gf) [kmf)] sfut kq . ~ hfr gf) x]) sfut hf
r . > sfuhft gf) ljleGg ljifo n]lvPsf sfuhxsf] kmfOn sfuhkq ldl;n . sfuhL lj) [sfuh O{
!= sfuh;DaGwL sfuhdf cfwflt . @= sfuhsf] h:t} kftnf] vf]:6f jf af]qmf x'g] (kmnk"
mn cflb) . #= Jojxfdf cfpg sl7g eO{ l;4fGtdf dfq cfwflt (sfuhL of]hgf, sfuhL sfo{q
md O)) . ~ kf6 gf) g]kfnL sfuh agfpg] Ps sRrf kbfy{ . ~ abfd gf) nfDrf kft, ;;fgf f
tf k"mn nfDrf] cfsfsf] kmn kmNg] Ps v jf To;}sf] kmn . sfut gf) [c)] != n]Vg, 5fKg,
lrq agfpg, kf]sfkf]sL kfg{ cflb sfdsf lglDt k|of]u x'g,] sf7, u'bL, e'mqf] cflb
af6 agfOg] kftnf] nlrnf] j:t' sfuh kq . @= lnlvt k|df0f (td;'s, ekf{O{ cflb) . ~ h
fr gf) c8\8f jf sfof{nodf ePsf cfoJoo tyf cGo ljifo;DaGwL sfuhftxsf] hfFra'em ug]{ s
fd sfof{noLo sfuhkq xsf] lgLIf0f . ~ kq gf) sfuhkqxsf] ;d"x sfuhft . sfultxf gf) [
sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzLsf lbg

sfh'sf7L clwsfL jf ;f] clwsfLsf] kb . #= IfqLnfO{ cfb ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . $= g]jfs
s]6fs]6LnfO{ :g]x hgfpFbf jf dfg fVbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . lj) $= sd{zLn lqmofjfg\ (s
fdsfhL dfG5], sfdsfhL s'f] O)) . sfh'! gf) [c\) sf;] pi0fk|bz ] df kmNg] abfdh:tf] t
s]xL 3'd'ls{Psf] ;]tf] sf] x'g], dd;nfdf k|l;4 ;'Svf kmnljz]if . sfh'@ lj) [sfh p] sf
df kf]Vt sfo{bIf . sfh" lj) x]) sfh'@ . sf~rg gf) [;+)] != ;'g ;'j0f{ . @= wg;DklQ P]
Zjo{ . #= k|ef bLlKt . $= sf]dn tGt' . %= wt'fsf] af]6 . ^= rfFksf] k"mn . ~ k'?if
gf) cfZff}rsf] P3ff}F lbgdf d[tssf] pb\wfsf lglDt dxfa|fXd0fnfO{ bfg:jk lbOg] ;'j0f
{kqdf n]lvPsf] k'?ifsf] cfs[lt . sf~rL gf) [;+)] != :jf:gLdflg;xsf] d]vnf swgL sGwgL
. @= lxGb"xdf kljq 7flgPsf ;ft guLdWo] blIf0f eftdf l:yt Ps guL . sfl~hs gf) [;+)] b"
wbxLsf] kfgL km6fO{ To;df g'g, d;nf xfnL ;fFw]sf] k]o kbfy{ df8sf] crf sfFhL . sf6\g'
;) lqm) [;+) st{g] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ xltofn] xfGg' . @= 6'qmf kfg{' l5Gg] ufpg' . #=
cIf s]g{' jf d]6\g' . $= ]n, df]6 cflbsf] l6s6 lsGg' . %= lan, r]s, k'hL{ cflb n]v
L hfL ug{' . ^= ;do latfpg' . &= pNn\3g ug{' gf3\g' . *= csf{n] af]ns ] f] s'f g6'l\
uFb} aLr}df af]Ng' . (= lx;fa cflb sL ug{' . !)= s'g} cf1f, cfb]z, ts{ cflbnfO{ 2L
kfg{' jf ltgsf] v08g ug{' . sf6 gf) [;+) sQ{] sf6\g] sfd s6fO (sf65fF6, dfsf6 O))
. s'6 gf) != s'g} j:t'nfO{ sf6] jf kmf] ] ;;fgf 6'qmf kfg]{ sfd . @= efiffsf cz'4 k
gfjZos c+znfO{ x6fP klis[t k lbg] sfo{ . 5f6 gf) sf6\g] 5fF6g \ ] sfd sf6s'6 .
sf6f]l5g' n8fO{F . @= b]j:yn cflbdf aln jf ef]u lbg] sfo{ sf6\g] dfg]{ sfd lx+;f .
sf6f gf) sf6\g] ;fwg jf efF8f] xltof (afnaf]nLdf) . sf6fsf6 gf) [sf6\cfsf6\] != afem
afem sf6f]l5g' . @= Psn] csf{sf] xflg k'ofpg] sfd . #= k:kdf v's'L cflb xltof k|of]u
g]{ sfd . $= j}efj zq'tf . %= Psn] csf{sf] egfO, l;4fGt cflbsf] v08g jf ljf]w ug]{
sfd . sfl6g' s) lqm) [sf6\Og'] sf6\g] sfd ulg' 6'qmfOg' . sf6Ls'6L gf) [sf6O{s6O{
dflg;sf aLrdf jf s'g} b'O{ yL ljifo jf s'fsf af]df k:k k, 9fFrf, af]nfO, cfr0f cflb
0fsf] t'ngf ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb .
210

@= b'?:t p:t} . (pbf) fd sf6Ls'6L p;sf] afa'h:t} 5.) sf6] lqm) lj) [sf6\P] sf6\tf klg
k6Ss 7fDd . ~ gldNg] lj) k6Ss gldNg] 7fDd gx'g] . sf6f]l5g' gf) [sf6\ l5g' ] 7"nf] zq
sf6fsf6 dffdf . F f lbgdf d[tssf gfpFdf lbOPsf] sf] lj) [sff] P] != P3ff}s cGg x;'g]
vfg] . gf) @= To:tf] sff] vfg] vfnsf] afx'gnfO{ ckx]ngfk"js { elgg] zAb . sff] gf)
!= d]sf P3ff}F lbgdf d[tssf p2]Zon] v'jfOg] ef]hg tyf bfg ulg] j:t' . @= lafnfsf] la
i6f . #= an}n] vfg'kg]{ t'R5 vfg]s'f] . sf6\g] lj) [sf6\ g]] != wflnf xltofn] xfGg] jf
bfFltnf xltofn] ]6g \ ] . @= sf6\gk ' g]{ . #= ;fx|} lr;fn] sf6\nf h:tf] c;fWo} l7
lxofpg] . $= la6;Dd cfpg] . %= pl5g] af]Ng] . gf) ^= pko'{'Qm k|sfsf] dflg; jf j:t'
. ~ lgD7f] gf) la6sf] afaL la6;Dd (pbf) lrpf xf] e'm;L eg{nfO{ < rfdn t sf6\g] lgD
g} elG5 lg .) . ~ ef8f] gf) wflnf] xltof (v's'L, v'kf{, xFl;of O)) . sf6\g];L s'6\
L gf) [sf6\g ] cl;, s'6g \ ] cl;] != sf6\g] xltof s'6\g] ;fdfg . @= sf6\g] s'6\g]
fd . sf7 gf) [k|f) s6\7 < ;+) sfi7] != vsf af]qmfleqsf] s8f j:t' v 9fnL agfOPsf yfd,
blng, lad, lgbfn, tvtf cflb 3 agfpg] ;fdu|L s';L{, d]r, 9f]sf, 6]a'n cflb tof ug]{
sRrf kbfy{ l6Ddf . @= bfpf . #= d"nf, ufh, UofF7sf]kL cflbdf l5lKkPkl5 u'bLsf kqdf
nfUg] sf7h:tf] ;fx|f] hfnf] . ~ uf]bfd gf) ;+:yfg jf lghL :tdf blng, lgbfn cflb s
f7x NofP y'kfg]{ laqmL a]kf ug]{ lglZrt 7fpF . ~ t'n;L gf) wfgsf] Ps k|sf . kft
vfnsf sf7nfO{ ;fd"lxs kdf elgg] gfd sf7xsf] ;d"x bfpf, lemFhf cflb . ~ dxn gf) klxn]
xn]sf] jgljefu . sf7df8f}F gf) [;+) sfi7d08k] != g]kfnsf] fhwfgL ;x/ sflGtk' sflGtk'L
. @= dNnsfnsf pkTosfsf tLg fHodWo] Pssf] fhwfgL . n]nL lj) sf7df8f}+Fsf] lgjf;L sf7d
8f}s F f] }yfg] . sfl7g' c) lqm) [sf7 O g'] sf7em}F cf] x'g' hf8f]n] s7f\lu|g' uFu
gf) [;+)] sl7gfO sl7gtf . sfl7of gf) nf6f]sf];]f]h:tf] Ps hftsf] rf] . sf7L! gf) [;+)
sfi7] != 3f]8fsf] lk7"Fdf a:gfsf lglDt lhgdlg sl;g] vf; uL 5fnfsf] cf;g jf sf7sf]
;fFrf] . @= ;fOsn, df]6 ;fOsn cflbdf a:gsf lglDt flvg] l;6 .

211

sf7Lsfgg jf lkmQfsf] sfnf] l;6\7L y' . lj) #= cf}wL d}nf] ;fx|} d}nf] . sflQs gf) [;+
) sflt{s] jif{sf] ;ftf}F dlxgf c;f]h dl;sf aLrsf] dlxgf . sflQs] lj) [sflQs P] != sfd
t' a9L ;Def]usf] OR5f ug]{ (s's', dflg; cflb) . @= sflQs dlxgf;Fu ;DalGwt sflQsdf km
Ng], pd|g] jf kfSg] (afnLgfnL) . ~ cf}nf] gf) sflQsdf hf8f] udL{sf] bf];fFw x'g]
a]nf s5f, 3fFr vf]rlt cfpg] hf] . ~ af]8L gf) sflQs dlxgfdf kmNg] uf9f xlof] 5f]6f
f];fdf ;]tf] u]8f nfUg] Ps hftsf] u'lnof]u'lnof] :jfbsf] af]8L . sfTofog gf) [;+)]
!= kfl0flgsf] ci6fWofoLsf Jofs0f ;"qnfO{ k"0f{ kfg{ jflt{ssf] rgf ug]{ Ps k|l;4 j}
ofs0f Clif . @= >f}t;"qsf k|jt{s j?lr k'gj{;' d]wflht\ . > sfTofogL gf) != b'uf{sf] P
d"lt{ jf k . @= sfTofog ClifsL kTgL . #= u]? j:q wf0f ug]{ cwa}F;] ljwjf . sfqL gf
) != lksf] sfd|f] . @= sf]nsf] laof] l9s'jfnfO{ hf]8\g] t];f]{ sf7 . sfqf] gf) [;+
) s[t] d'bf{nfO{ 9fSg] a]g]{ ;]tf] sk8f zjj:q . sfy lj) [ sft] x]) sfFt . sfbDaL
= sbDasf k"mnaf6 agfOPsf] S;L pv'sf] dlbf . @= xfQLsf] u08:ynaf6 axg] db . #= ;:jtLs
f] Ps pkflw . $= kf]yL sf]OnL . %= af0felrt Ps uBsfJo . sfblDagL gf) [;+)] != afbns
f] nfdf] k
\lQm jf tx d]3dfnf . @= d]3fusf] Ps flugL . sfbf] gf) [;+) sb{d] lxnf] wfg
fOF ug{ lxNofOPsf] df6f] . sfg gf) [;+) s0f{ ] != Wjlgt\u jf zAbnfO{ u|x0f ug]{ zLsf]
c\u zLsf] Ps 1fg]lGb|o >j0f]lGb|o s0f{ . @= sfgsf cfsfsf] s'g} j:t' (efF8fat{gsf s8
flb) . #= afx|vLsf] Ps dfqf cfsf (f) sfggfgL . $= gfDnfsf] kftfdf alof] l5fpg agfOPsf
aLrdf Kjfn ePsf] b'Ol{ tsf] efu . ~ pv]Ng' 6') ;f:tL lbg' . s6'jfs6\6 ' lj) sfg sfl
6Psf] jf lrlPsf] sgkmf sgsf a'Rr] sfglrf . ~ sf6\g ' 6') != kSs} xf] eGg' . (pbf)
geP d]f] sfg sfl6b]pm) . @= ;f:tL lbg' . ~ vfg' 6') emsf]{ nfUg' . ~ vfg] lj) w]} sfp
g] rsf]{ lbSs nfUg] . lrf lj) sfgs6'jf sgkmf . ~ 9fSg] gf) sfg 5f]Kg] j:q cf]9g \
\ L | gf) dlxnfxn] sfgdf nufpg] ;'gsf] uxgf . sfgg gf) [;+)] != jg h\un . @= au}Frf
. #= 3 .

sf7L@ gf) [sf7f] O{ ] sf7f]sf] :qLln\uL zAb . sf7] lj) [sf7 P] != sf7sf] sf7;DaGwL
] . @= sf7 jf 5f]qmf w]} eO{ ; sd ePsf] . gf) #= ln\usf cv6fdf b]vfkg]{ uGxfpg] ;]t
f] kbfy{ . ~ cdnf gf) ;;fgf u]8f x'g] Ps hftsf] cdnf . ~ pv' gf) sf7em}F ;fx|f] x'
g] Ps k|sfsf] pv' 9f]8] pv' . ~ lsf] gf) sf7d} pTkGg eO{ sf7 vfP} afFRg] Ps sLf] . ~
]f gf) sf];fdf ;fx|f] F f] k"mn k'mNg], g;f x'g] Ps hftsf] s]f . ~ rfk gf) kx]n ftf u
8fsf e'mKkf nfUg], ;]tf] sf7 x'g] Ps hftsf] rfFk jgrfFk . ~ Rofp gf) vdf pd|g], ;]t
f] jf v}f]
\usf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps k|sfsf] Rofp . ~ Hofld gf) kx]Fnf] af]qmf x'g] Ps vfnsf
Hofld gfO6] Hofld . ~ 8'd|L gf) Ps hftsf] 8'd|Lsf] v . ~ GofpL gf) GofpLd';f]sf] P
f . ~ lkkn gf) kLknsf] h:tf] kft eO{ 7"n7"nf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] uf]n kmn kmNg] vljz
]if jf To;}sf] kmn kmnLz . kft] lj) sf7kft;DaGwL sf7kftaf6 tof kflPsf] sf7sf] . ~ k
L gf) hgg]lGb|odf pAhg] uGxfpg] don . ~ dG;f gf) df]6f]df]6f] x'g] dG;f hftsf] wfg jf
To;sf] rfdn . sf7f] gf) [sff] <] cGo hftn] afx'gnfO{ lxofP eGg] zAb . sf9\g' ;) lqm
!= pv]Ng' (wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] aLp) . @= y'Tg' k'msfNg' (5fnf, n'uf O)) . #= lgs
fNg' lemSg' (eftsf] df8, dx O)) . $= r'xfpg' (fn, cfF;' O)) . %= cf]fNg' x6s ug{' (h
ft, eft O)) . ^= arf lgsfNg' (k'mnaf6) . &= dfUg' jf lng' (C0f, ;fk6 O)) . *= pRr
f0f ug{' (cIf, gfd O)) . > sf9fsf9 gf) kfn}kfnf] sf9\g] sfd . sfl9g' s) lqm) sf9\g]
sfd ulg' . sf08 gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t'sf] v08 jf efu . @= vsf] xfFuf] 8fnL zfvf cfFVn
] . #= k':ts cflbsf s'g} cWofo jf k|s0f . $= clk|o tyf gfd|f] 36gf (nfOa|]L sf08, x
Tofsf08 O)) czflGtsf] l:ylt . %= s'g} s'fsf] xb jf ;Ldf (sf08 k'Ug', sf08 k'ofpg' O
)) . ^= wg'sf aLrsf] df]6f] efu af0f tL . sft\g' ;) lqm) wfuf] agfpg' ;"t lgsfNg' wf
lgsfNg' aQL kfg{' . sftGq gf) [;+)] ;j{jdf{ff n]lvPsf] Ps ;+:s[t Jofs0f snfkJofs0f
t lj) [;+)] x]) sfFt . sfltg' s) lqm) [sft\ O g'] aQLsf] wfuf] agfOg' aQL afl6g' . sft
) [;+) sft}n] != lkgf;d]t ldl;P lylu|Psf] t]nsf] n]bf] lyu|]gL . @= 6'sL cflb afNb
f 89] x]sf] ;n]bf]

sfgkft]sfG5f] sfgkft] gf) [sfg kft]] x]) ;tfk|] . sfgkf;f gf) [sfg kf;f] gfLxn] sfgdf
g] 6kh:tf] tLg rf];f k]sf] aLrsf] rf];f] cln dfly;Dd p7] s]xL 3'ds ] f] uxgf . sfg
dGqfO gf) [sfg dGqfO] != s'f l;sfpg] sfd . @= kf]nnufO . sfgl;GsL gf) [sfg l;GsL] x])
sfnLl;GsL . sfgf! gf) [ sfg ] sfg . (sfgfsf6L cflb ) . sfgf@ gf) [sfgf]cf] != tLgj6}
kf]6 ldnL x'g] kf;f v]nsf] Ps bfp . lj) @= sfgf] . sf}8L gf) != k'm6]sf] jf vf]6
f] sf}8L . @= Hofb} yf]} jf gu0o wg;DklQ yf]} wg . (t'n) k};f g sf}8L ahfahf bf}8L .
sfgLg gf) [;+)] != cljjflxt jf s'dfL :qLaf6 hlGdPsf] 5f]f] sGofk'q . @= Jof; . #= s
0f{ . sfg' lj) [ sfgf]] != Pp6f cfFvfn] dfq b]Vg] PscfFv] sfgf] . @= gf) dw]zlt a:g]
Ps hflt . sfg'g gf) [c) sfg"g] hgtfff lgjf{lrt fli6o k|ltlglw x ePsf] Joj:yflksf;efn
6nfO{ Jojl:yt k lbg agfPsf] lgodn] P]gsf] k lnPsf] ;d"x fHodf ;'rf? kn] Goflos Joj:yf
sfod fVg agfOPsf lgodfjnLxsf] ;dli6 k P]g, ;jfn, lgod, cfb]z cflb . ~ lstfa gf) P]gsf
g'gsf] k':ts ljlwzf:q . > sfg'gtM lqm) lj) sfg'gcg';f sfg'gn] tf]s] jf lglb{i6 u]cg';
f . a4 lj) P]gsfg'gff afFlwPsf] sfg'gsf] kllwleqsf] . ~ alv{nfk lj) P]gsfg'gsf] lj
ljkLt sfg'gn] lgif]w u]sf] (sfdsfafO{, cfr0f cflb) . ~ ljifos ;ldlt gf) sfg'g;DaGwL
Nnfx, lgb]{zg cflb lbg], 5nkmn ug]{, ;d:of ;'Nemfpg] Ps c\u . ~ Joj;fo gf) sfg'g;D
aGwL k];f jf tb\ljifos n]vk9, ax; cflbsf] sfd jsfnt . ~ Joj;foL lj) != sfg'g;DaGwL
k];fdf nfu]sf] jf sfg'g;Fu ;Da4 sfdd} ;+nUg . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . ~ ;DaGwL lj)
P]gsfg'g;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] . sfg'gL lj) [sfg'g O{ ] != sfg'g;DaGwL sfg'gsf] sfg'gdf afF
lwPsf] sfg'gleqsf] . gf) @= sfg'gsf] 1ftf sfg'g 5fF6g \ ] JolQm . ~ lnvt gf) != sfg
'gdf :ki6;Fu plNnlvt ljifo, sfg'gL a'Fbf jf cfwf . @= s'g} sfdsfafO{sf ;DaGwdf c8\8
fcbfntaf6 ulg] P]g;jfn, ?nlgod cg';fsf cfjZos lnlvt k|df0f jf sfuhft . ~ sfafO{ gf) !
sfg'gd'tflas ulg] jf ulPsf] sfdsfafO{ . s'g} ph'L jf sfdst{Joaf] cbfnt cflbaf6 lnOg]
lg0f{o . ~ bfaL gf) sfg'gsf cfwfdf ulg] jf ug{ kfpg] bfaL jf clwsf sfg'gk|bQ bfaL . ~
Aofh gf) lg;fk6 lnFbflbFbf sfg'gn] tf]sa ] df]lhd lnOg] jf lng'kg]{ Aofh . ~
212

dfGotf gf) sfg'gn] ug{ x'g] elgPsf] jf sfg'gaf6 s'g} afwfc8\sfp gePsf] sfg'gff dfGo .
~ ljjfx gf) c8\8faf6 sfg'gL kdf kltkTgL ePsf] ljj0f btf{ uL ljjfx ulg] k|yf jf To; k
sfn] ulPsf] ljjfx . ~ :t gf) sfg'gff lgwf{lt jf dfGo :t sfg'gL b[li6af6 lgwf{lt x
s'g} kb, k|lti7f cflbsf] tx jf dfGotf . sfg" lj) x]) sfgf] . sfg] gf) [sfg P] != nfD
rf ;;fgf kft x'g] lrKnf] emf]n lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf] e'O{+emf . lj) @= sfgsf cfsfsf] s8
f ePsf] (sfg] s;f}F8L) . #= sfg;d]t 9flsg] jf 5f]lkg] (sfg] 6f]kL) . $= 7"nf sfg
ePsf] (j:t', dflg; O)) . ~ s;f}8L gf) b'j}lt s8f ePsf] ;;fgf] s;f}F8L . ~ sfg] lkR
r gf) cfFvfdf kL afFlwPsf] 8'dn] c v]nf8LxnfO{ 5'g] 5f]OPsf] v]nf8L g} 8'd aGg], afn
sxsf] dgf]~hs v]n . sf]l;{ lqm) lj) rf ftkl5 cfpg] lbg lgsf]l;{sf] ef]lnkN6 . v';
!= :joGqdf s'g} sDkg gNofO{ ;f; dfqn] csf sfgdf elgg] uf]Ko s'f] cn] g;'g"g\ eGg] p2]
Zon] Hofb} dl;gf] :jdf v';S ' s af]Ng] sfd ;fptL vf;v'; sfgfv';L sfgk'msfO . @= leqL
k|rfsfo{ . (pbf) r'gfjdf dtbftfnfO{ sfg]v; ' L gu] lhTg g} ;lsFbg } .) . u'hL gf) sf
gsf] b'nf]leq x'g] kx]FN5f sfnf] d}gh:tf] kmf]x kbfy{ sfgsf] don s0f{dn . ~ Rofp gf)
sf 7'6fdf pd|g] sfgh:tf] cfsfsf] Ps k|sfsf] Rofp . ~ 6f]kL gf) b'j} sfg 9fSg], lrpF
8fd'lg t'gf afFWg x'g] afnsxsf] 6f]kL . kl;{ lqm) lj) x]) sfg]sf]l;{ . l;Gsf] gf) k
fgLn] 5f]8]sf] audf pd|g], kx]Fnf] k"mn xfF;sf kfOnfsf] cfsfsf kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf]
3fF; . sfgf] lj) [;+) sf0f] Pp6f cfFvf] gb]Vg] PscfFv] sfg" . sfG5f lj) [sfG5f]sf] l
t) )] != sd pd]sf] jf kl5 hGd]sf] . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . #= sd pd]sf] JolQmnfO{ af
]nfpg] zAb . (pbf) P sfG5f ltdL otf cfpm g .) ~ af gf) sfG5f] afa' sfsf . ~ afa" gf)
cfk"meGbf ;fgf] sfG5f] pd]sf k'?ifnfO{ eGg] :g]xsf] af]nL . sfG5L lj) [sfG5f]O{] !
= ;a}eGbf kl5 hGd]sL (5f]L) ;aeGbf sd jf yf]} pd]sL ;aeGbf kl5sL . gf) @= sfG5f] efO
jf 5f]fsL kTgL . #= k|d ] Ln] k|l] dsfnfO{ af]nfpg] zAb sfG5L gfgL . ~ cfdf gf) !=
sfG5fafsL kTgL . @= cfdfsL ;fgL ;f}tf ;f}t]gL cfdf . ~ cf}nf] gf) xft v'fsf cfF}nfeGb
f ;fgf] kftnf] k'5fsf] cfF}nf] . ~ gfgL gf) != sfG5L 5f]L, alxgL cflb . @= ?lkofFk}
;f wg . (pbf);dfhdf sfG5LgfgL x'g]s} OHht 5 . ) sfG5f] lj) [;+) slgi7] != ;aeGbf kl
5 hGd]sf] (5f]f], ;Gtfg O)) . @= sd pd]sf] . #= tNnf] >]0fLsf] (h:tf]

213

sfG6jfbsfa'n hflt . lj) $= skfn;DaGwL vKk;DaGwL . sflkg' c) lqm) [sfk\ O g'] != sfkdf
r]lkg' RoflK6g' . @= b'O{ j:t' jf ;d:ofsf aLrdf clNemg' . sfkL gf) [c\) skL] != ws
f]{ ePsf] jf gePsf] n]Vgsf lglDt k|of]u x'g] vfnL sfutsf] k'l:tsf . @= k':ts, lr
q cflbsf] k|lt jf ;\Vof . #= k|ltlnlk ;f}6 gSsn . $= 5fKg]5flkg] cflb sfdsf lglDt lbO
g] x:tn]v . ~ fO6 gf) n]vs, ;\uLtsf jf snfsfnfO{ sfg'gn] lbPsf] Tof] clwsf h;cg';f/ ;
lxTo, ;\uLt jf snfljifos s'g} klg s[lt jf sfo{sf] k|sfzg, pTkfbg laqmLdf vf; cjlw
;Ddsf nflu sfg'gL ;'Iff k|bfg ulPsf] x'G5 n]vsflwsf :jTjflwsf k|ltlnKolwsf ;jf{lws
] cGtf{li6o lrXg o:tf] ( ) x'G5 . sfk'?if gf) [;+)] sfFt k'?if gLr jf t'R5 JolQm kfgL
b|] dfG5] . sfk] gf) [sfk P] != k9\bf jf kf7 ubf{ lstfa fVg ;lhnf] x'g] uL agfOPsf] s
f7sf] Ps k|sfsf] r]kj ' f vl6of . lj) @= sfkf] k]sf] sfk ePsf] . sfkm lj) [c)] x]) sf
Ft . sfkmn gf) [;+) s6\kmn] nfDrf kft x'g], u'R5fu'R5f ftf ;fgf kmn kmNg] Ps j[If To
;}sf] udL{ dlxgfdf kmNg] kmn . ~ rL gf) sfkmn kfSg] a]nfdf sfkmn kfSof] eg] sfO{ lxF8
g] Ps rf] . ~ kfSof] gf) sfkmnrLn] sfkmn kfSg] ;dodf af]Ng] To:t} ;'lgg] :j . sflkm
) [c)] != O{Zjsf] cl:tTj gdfGg] dflg; . @= d';ndfgL wd{ gdfGg] dflg; . #= blIf0f
clkm|sfsf afG6'efifL hflt . $= ckmuflg:tfgsf] ;xbdf a:g] Ps hflt . lj) %= gfl:ts
. ^= b'i6 . &= lgb{o . sfkmL! gf) [c)] rflxPhlt oy]i6 dgUo kof{Kt k|z:t . sfkmL@ gf)
c\) skmL] != vgfof]sf h:tf e'mKk}e'mKkf ftf sf kmn lrpnLsf h:tf 7"n7"nf kft x'g] pi0
k|bz ] Lo la?jf . @= To;}sf ;fgf;fgf aLhnfO{ oflGqs k|lqmofff w"nf] agfP tof kflg] uf
f v}f] sf] ;'uGwn] o'Qm Ps k|l;4 k]o kbfy{ skmL . sflan lj) [c) ] vf;vf; ljifosf] 1
k9]n]v]sf] of]Uo ljfg\ kl08t lzlIft . sfa' gf) [t')] != s'g} JolQmsf] lgoGq0f jf cwL
df xg] sfd cwLgtf lgoGq0f jz x}sd . lj) @= sfon ;flat . #= r]tafaf ePsf] k5'tf] dfg]
;dfTg] . sfa'h gf) [t') sfa"] afO{ rfnfO{ flvg] lkFh8f . sfa'n gf) [;+) s'ef] != pQk
jL{ efudf kg]{ ckmuflg:tfgsf] fhwfgL . @= l;Gw'gbLdf uP ldl;g] ckmuflg:tfgsf] Ps g
bL .

sfG5f] ;'g) . gf) $= nf]suLtdf k|of]u x'g] k|foM bf]xf]lg] zAb (xgL) . ~ afa' gf) c
fk"mnfO{ hGdfpg] afa'sf] efO sfG5faf sfsf . sfG6jfb gf) [sfG6 ( JolQm ) jfb] ODofg'on
sfG6 (O) !&@$!*)$) eGg] k|l;4 hd{g]nL bfz{lgsff k|ltkflbt Ps l;4fGt jf dt . > sfG6
jfbL lj) sfG6jfbsf] cg';0f ug]{ . sfGt gf) [;+)] != Oi6hg lk|o JolQm . @= cg'fu fVg]
f k|d ] ug]{ JolQm k|d ] L dfofn' . #= klt nf]Ug] :jfdL (nIdLsfGt, >LsfGt O)) . $= r
Gb|df . %= j;Gt Ct' . ^= Ps hftsf] kmnfd . &= Tg . *= sflt{s]osf] pkflw . lj) (=
lk|o ?lrs sf]dn dgf]x . !)= ;'Gb . > sfGtf gf) != lk|of jf ;'GbL :qL knfj0o ePs
:jf:gL kTgL efof{ . #= k|]ldsf . sfGtf gf) [;+)] != afSnf] 8nfUbf] h\un jf jg . @=
f :yfg gfd|f] af6f] b'u{d ky . #= b'nf] Kjfn . $= lsfFtL pv' . sfGtf;lDdt lj) [;+)]
] ;L;dfg k|l] dsfafa . ~ pkb]z gf) k"jL{o sfJozf:qsf k|of]hgcGtu{t tLg k|sfsf pkb]z
(k|e';lDdt, ;'x[T;lDdt sfGtf;lDdt)dWo] Ps pkb]z df]xs x[bou|fxL lzIff . sflGt gf) [
;+)] != bLlKt k|ef t]h . @= zf]ef ;f}Gbo{ . #= sfdgf OR5f . $= ;'GbL :qL . %= b'uf{sf
] pkflw . ^= rGb|dfsf ;f]x| snfdWo] Ps . &= sfJosf b; u'0fdWo] ; p2LKt ufpg] Ps u'
0f . sflGtk' gf) [;+)] sfi7d08k sf7df8f}F . > sflGtk'L gf) sf7df8f}F . (pbf) cdfjlt
Gtk'L guL . efg'eQm .) sflGtdfg\ lj) [;+)] != sflGto'Qm bLlKt ePsf] pHHjn zf]efo'Qm
zf]let . gf) @= rGb|df . sfGbfgLsfGgfgL gf) Jo~hgj0f{df hf]l8g] cfsfsf] dfqf (f) sfg
. sfGos'Ah gf) [;+)] eftsf] pQL efudf u\ufsf] ;xfos gbLsf lsgfdf kg]{ Ps k|frLg gu
dfg sGgf}h . sfGnf] gf) [;+) :sGwn] v]t, afL cflbsf] jlklsf] cUnf] l8n kf6fsf] l8n df
fsf] l9:s'f] sfFNnf] . sfk gf) [k|f) sKk] != vsf] xfFuf kmf6] rf]s] k]sf] 7fpF sfkf]
. @= s'g} j:t' b'O{tLgltaf6 kmf6] vf]r k]sf] 7fpF cSs . sfkflns gf) [;+)] != dflg;sf
Kk af]s] lxF8\g] S;L, df;' cflb vfg] e}j jf zlQmsf pkf;s tflGqs ;fw' . @= zLsf] 5fn
fx|f], sfnf] vf] eP kmf6\g] Ps k|sfsf] sf] . #= a\ufndf xg] k'fgf] Ps j0f{;\s

sfa'nLsfdofa sfa'nL lj) [sfa'n O{] sfa'n k|bz ] sf] sfa'n;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ rgf gf) ;]tf]
sf] 7"nf] bfgf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] rgf . sfa" gf) x]) sfa' . sfa|f] gf)x]) sfe|f] . sfe|
] gf) [sfe|f ] P] != g]kfn clwfHosf] afUdtL c~rndf x]sf], sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] k"j{bl
If0fdf kg]{ Ps lhNnf (sfe| ] knfGrf]s) . @= sfe|f];DaGwL sfe|f] x'g] jf kfOg] sfe|f
sf] . ~ rf] gf) k'm;|f] sf] Hofb} ;fgf] Ps rf] . knfGrf]s gf) xfn qmdzM sfe|] gfp
lrlgg yfn]sf], klxn] k"j{ ! gDacGtu{tsf sfe|]knfGrf]s l;Gw' kfNrf]sdWo] Ps lhNnf .
~ df5f] gf) Ps k|sfsf] df5f]ljz]if . sfe|f ] gf) != nfDrf kft x'g,] ;]tf] jf xlof]
k"mn k'mNg], ;]tf af6'nf kmn nfUg] xfFufel kftn] oflDdPsf] Ps j[If . @= cldnf] vfn
sf] tsfL crf agfP vfOg] tyf cfo'jb {] df 7G8f u'0f x'g] Qmbf]if, d"R5f{, lFu6f cf
kmfObf ug]{ egL atfOPsf] To;s} k"mn jf sf];f sfa|f] . sfd\g' c) lqm) [;+) sDk\ g'] 8,
cTof; cflbn] hLp yy xNng' sDk 5'6g \ ' 8udufpg' slDkt x'g' yyfpg' 8Ug' y{ x'g'
gf) [;+) sDk] sfDg] jf sfd]sf] cj:yf sFkfO sDk (h:tf] sfdhf]) . sfd@ gf) [k|f) sDd <
;+) sd{] != s'g} s'f, pBf]u jf k|of]hgsf nflu xftv'f cflb zfLls c\u rnfP ulg] sfo{
a'l4 lvofpg] k|lqmof jf l:ylt b; g\u|flvofO . @= s'g} klg sfo{ jf lqmof (pB]fuwGbf,
OndJoj;fo, k7gkf7g O)) . #= ug{'kg]{ sd{, sfo{, Jofkf . ~ sfh gf) sfd sfh pBf]uwGbf
Ond Joj;fo f]huf . ~ sfhL lj) s'g} gf]sL, k];f jf sfddf nfu] s f] f] h uf ;dft] s
L . ~ sfafO{sfafxL gf) s'g} sfd, pBf]uwGbf jf Joj;fosf nflu ulg] rfFhf]kFfhf] aaGbf]
sff]af . ~ s'f] gf) != ug'k { g]{ jf 6'u \ f] nfpg'kg]{ s'g} sfdwGbf cflb sfd s'f]
s]6f s]6Lsf] ljjfx x'g] s'f] kSsfkSsL ug]{ jf l5Gg] sfd (sfds'f] l5Gg') . ~ rnfp l
j) != c:yfoL sfnsf lglDt h;f]t;f] sfd;Dd rnfpg] jf rNg] tTsfnLg cfjZostf k|of]hgs
f lglDt dfqsf] . @= k"fk" sfd lbg g;Sg] . ~ rf] lj) != ug{k ' g]{ sfd guL 5nL5nL lxF8
\ ] jf 7Ug] . @= sfd g} gug]{ jf g?rfpg] pQbfloTjaf6 kG5g] afgL ePsf] . hf] gf) Pgf
]lkmln;\ hftsf] nfdv'n ] ] 6f]s] dflg;sf] zLdf k|f]6f]h'jf ;fllbPkl5 nfUg] Ps k|Tofjt
L{ ;\qmfds f]u sDk 5'6g \ ] Hj cf}nf] hf] cf}lnof Hj dn]lof .
214

sfd# gf) [;+)] != ljifoef]u jf ;'v;'ljwfsf] OR5f jf rfxgf OR5f sfdgf jf;gf . @= :qLk'
ifsf aLr ;xjf;sf] tLj| pTs07f d}yg ' sf] OR5f of}gR ] 5f . #= sfdb]j cg\u . $= rf k'?
iffy{ (wd{, cy{, sfd df]If)dWo] t];|f] . ~ snf gf) ltlqmof;DaGwL snf of}g;xjf;;DaGwL
sf}zn sf]szf:qLo snf . s]ln gf) sfdqmL8f ltqmL8f of}glqmof . lht\ lj) != sfdjf;gf
Q]hgfnfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ ;Sg] lht]lGb|o . gf) @= lzj dxfb]j . #= a'4 . Hj gf) ct[Kt ck
0f{ of}g]R5fsf sf0fn] pTkGg x'g] dfgl;s cj:yf ct[Kt sfdjf;gfaf6 pTkGg x'g] dgf]ljs
[lt . tM lqm) lj) != s'g} OR5f jf rfxgf lnP sfdgfk"j{s . @= sfd'stfjz . sfdt gf) [sd
f]t] d"n lgjf;:ynb]lv 6f9f x]sf] v]tLkftLsf] lglDt agfOPsf] 3 s[lifu[x . sfdb lj) [;
+)] OR5f ;kmn kfg]{ clenfiff k"f ug]{ dgf]y k"0f{ kfg]{ . sfdbf gf) [sfd bf] != sfd
JolQm sd{rfL . @= kfl>lds, Hofnf jf dh'L lnP sfd ;3fOlbg] JolQm v]tfnf s'NnL >lds .
#= kfl>lds glnO{sg ;3fpk3fpdf nfUg] JolQm ;xof]uL . > sfdbfL lj) != sfd ug]{ sfdbf H
fbfL . gf) @= sfdbfff sfd ug]{ufpg] k|yf . #= sfdbfsf] bfloTj jf kb . sfdbL gf) [c
L] xf:od"ns jf xif{k|wfg xgfsf ;fy} ;+of]udf uO{ 6'\lug] Ps k|sfsf] gf6s ;+of]ufGt g
f6s ;'vfGt . ljk) qf;bL . sfdb]j gf) [;+)] sfdj[lQ jf k|]d ltfusf clwi7ftf dflgPsf k
f}fl0fs b]jtf :qLk'?ifsf aLr of}gR ] 5f hufOlbg] b]jtf cg\u dbg sfd . sfdwGbfsfdwGwf
[sfd wGbfwGwf] != ;+nUg eP ug{'kg]{ jf ulg] s'g} sfd sfdsfh . @= Ond f]huf . sfdw]g
[;+)] != ;d'bd | Gygaf6 k}bf ePsL, ;Dk"0f{ OR5f k"f ullbg] egL k|l;4 Ps ufO{ ;'w]g' ;
'le . @= uf]vf lhNnfsf] ufOv' eGg] 7fpFdf cjl:yt Ps b]j:yn . sfd g sfh lqm) lj) [sfd
] ljgfk|of]hg l;Q}F Joy{ cgfxs . sfdgf gf) [;+)] ceLi6 jf xflb{s OR5f clenfiff dgf]y
sfdaf0f gf) [;+)] sfdb]jsf kfFr af0fdf]xg, pGdfbg, ;Gtkg, zf]if0f lgZr]i6Ls0f sfdfo'
w . sfddf]lxt lj) [;+)] sfdjf;gfsf] df]xdf k]sf] sfdf;St sfdft' . sfdofa lj) [kmf)] !
;kmntf k|fKt ePsf] ;kmn . @= OR5f jf dgf]y k"0f{ ePsf] . > sfdofaL gf) OR5f dgf]y cf
lbsf] k"0f{tf p2]Zosf] l;l4 ;kmntf .

215

sfd/sfo ljifonDk6 . sfdL@ gf) [;+) sfGwdL] k/Dkl/t kdf kmnfdsf] sfd ub}{ cfPsf] Ps h
flt nf]xf nf}xsf ljZjsdf{ . sfd's lj) [;+)] sfdjf;gfdf n6\l7Psf] ljnf;L sfdft' lj
qLnDk6 . > sfd'sL lj) != sfdjf;gfsf] k|antf ePsL sfdft' (:qL) . @= ;tLTj gePsL Joler
fl0fL . sfdf]2Lks lj) [;+)] sfdjf;gfnfO{ p2LKt kfg]{ ltfu hufpg] ;xjf;sf OR5fsf] pQ]h
f a9fpg] . sfdf]2Lkg gf) [;+)] ;xjf;sf] pQ]hgf sfdjf;gfsf] j[l4 . sfDg] lj) [sfd\ g]]
!= zL y'y' xNnfpg] sDk lbg] yy] . @= tflGqs ljlwdf zLdf b]ptf r9fP xNng] b]ptf
mfFqmL cflb) . sfDkf]; gf) blIf0f cd]lsfdf x]sf] a|flhnsf k7fsf] pi0f t[0fe"ld 3fF;]
kmfF6 . sfDo lj) [;+)] != sfdgf ulPsf] OR5fOPsf] clenlift . @= OR5fg';f x'g] P]lR5s
= s'g} ljz]if p2]Zoff ulPsf] . $= ;'Gb dgf]x fd|f] . ~ sd{ gf) sfdgfk|flKtsf nflu
kmnsf cfzfn] ulPsf] sfo{ vf; p2]Zoff k|l] t eP ulPsf] wdf{g'i7fg . ~ j[iff]T;u{ gf)
g gx'gn ] ] hLljt cj:yfdf kfnf}lss ;'wfsf nflu ulg] j[iff]T;u{ . sfDo]li6 gf) [;+)]
s'g} p2]Zok"lt{ jf sfdgfl;l4sf nflu ulg] o1 kmnk|flKtsf] p2]Zon] ulg] cg'i7fg . sfd
|f ] gf) != xftuf]8f cflbsf x8\8L efFlrPdf jf k'm6]df 7Ls kfg{sf nflu aflx sk8fn]
afFw] k|of]u ulg] afF; cflbsf] sK6]f] . @= ln\u] lkxdf a:gsf nflu sf7sf sK6]fdf 8f]
fFwL agfOPsf] cf;g . #= 8f]sf], y'G;], 9fs cflbnfO{ alnof] hAa t'Nofpgsf nflu 7fpF
7fpFdf 3';flg] bx|f] sK6]f] . sfDnfsf] ;ft' gf) kmf]xL sfd gfd|f] Jojxf . sfDnL gf)
nf] O{] ;fgf] sfDnf] . sfDn] gf) [sfDnf] P] != sfDnf] af]Sg] sfDnf] lnPsf] sfDnf] dfq}
x'g] . gf) @= af6'nf v;|f kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] a'6] 3fF; . sfDnf] gf) [;+) sDan] pm
gLff agfOPsf] cf]5fpg jf cf]9\g x'g] afSnf] ;fwg sDan f8L jf kfvL . sfDnL gf) w]}
f] ;d"x sfDnf] sfDnL . sfo gf) [;+)] hLp cf zL b]x . sd{ gf) != zLff ulg]
cflbdf jf wfld{s cg'i7fgdf zLz'l4sf lglDt ulg] :gfg, bfg cflb sfd . sNk gf) != cf}i
fwLpkrfff ?U0f jf j[4 JolQmnfO{ tGb'?:t jf o'js agfpg] lqmof . @= pn6kn6 kljt{g . ~ l
lsT;f gf) zLsf ;a} f]usf] cf}ifwf]krf ug]{

sfd gf) [;+) :sGwef > lx) sfFj] != k|l;4 tLy{:ynsf lzjln\udf u\uf jf s'g} kljq gbLsf]
hn r9fpg hfg] sfdfy{n ' ] afF;sf ef6fnfO{ l;Fufk6f u] agfOPsf] 8G8Lsf 6'Kkfdf e'mG8\
ofP sfFwdf af]sL nlug] hnkfqsf] xn'sf efL . @= sfdfy{'n] hnkfq k"hf;fdu|Lsf ;fy} c
fk"mn] pkof]u ug]{ nQfsk8f, efF8fjt{g vfBj:t';d]t afF;sf rf]ofaf6 ag]sf kfqdf xf
nL ltgnfO{ ftf]\sf] sk8fsf] cfj0fn] g} 9fs] d]xgfsf] k lbOPsf] afF;sf gf]nsf b'Ol{ t
6'Kkfdf c8\sfP sfFwdf af]sL n}hfg] ux'u F f] efL . sfdk lj) [;+)] != ;'Gb dgf]x . @
fcg';f h'g;'s} k klg km]g{ ;Sg] . gf) #= sfdfIffb]jLsf] dlGb ePsf] eftsf] cf;fdk|b]zs
f] Ps If]q . sfdnf gf) [;+)] lkQsf] k|sf]kn] ubf{ cfFvf, 5fnf lk;fa ;d]t c;fwf0f kn]
kx]n F f] x'g] Ps ;?jf f]u sdnlkQ . sfdjtL lj) [;+)] != of}gt[lKt jf ljifoef]usf]
rfxgf ug]{ (:qL) . @= kjtL ;'GbL . sfdjg gf) [;+)] lzjhLn] t];f | ] g]q vf]nL sfdb]j
nfO{ e:d u]sf] jgk|b]z . sfd zf:q gf) [;+)] :qLk'?ifsf] k|d ] jf of}gljifos Jojxf t
yf snfsf] j0f{g ulPsf] lj1fg of}glj1fg ltzf:q sfdljBf . sfd ;"q gf) [;+)] jfT:ofogn]
gfPsf] sfdzf:q . sfd x8tfn gf) [sfd x8tfn] s'g} sfof{no, lgud, sfvfgf cflbsf ;]jft sd
{rfL jf sfdbfn] cfk"mn] k|:t't u]sf] s'g} dfu k"f geP;Dd sfd guL r'k [ rfk a;] ug]{ x
tfn . sfdft' lj) [;+)] sfdjf;gfn] ubf{ cfs'n tyf plUg ePsf] sfdljXjn . sfdfGw lj) [;+
)] k|d ] jf sfdf]Gdfbsf sf0fn] cGwf] ePsf] of}g]R5fsf] tLj| p]un] a'l4;'l4 klg xfPsf
] . sfdfo'w gf) [;+)] != sfdb]jsf] c:q sfdaf0f @= k'?if]lGb|o . #= cfFksf] v . sfdfl
f) [;+)] sfdb]jsf] zq' dxfb]j . sfdfy' { gf) [;+)] sfo/ lnP/ tLy{ofqfdf hfg] dfG5]
. sfldtf gf) [;+)] sfd's x'gfsf] efj hLjxdf sfdjf;gf pTkGg x'g] u'0f . sfldgL gf) [
;+)] != fd|L jf ;'GbL :qL . @= dgdf sfdjf;gf ePsL :qL sfdjtL . #= sfdgf ug{ ;lsg] j
f :g]xdoL :qL . ~ bx gf) gffo0fL c~rnsf] cdn]v uGhb]lv blIf0fL efudf kg]{ Ps k|l;4
bxsf] gfd . sfldg' c) lqm) [sfd\ O g'] sfDg] xf]Og' xlNng' . sfdL! lj) [;+)] != dgdf s'
g} sfdgf ePsf] s'g} sfd s'fsf] rfxgf ug]{ . @= sfdjf;gfdf t x'g] sfd's

sfobfsff cfo'j]{bsf] Ps ljefu . sfobf lj) [c) sfob] x]) sfObf . sfod lj) [c)] != hxf
Fsf] txLF x]sf] 6;d; gePsf] l:y . @= klxn]h:tf] h:tfsf] t:tf] . #= tf]lsPsf] d's{ .
]ufgfdf cfPsf] ;flat . ~ d'sfod lj) s'g} kbsf] :yfoL sd{rfL sf0fjz cg'kl:yt x]df jf ;
f] kb vfnL ePdf sfd rnfpgsf nflu ;f]xL kbdf sfd ug]{ (JolQm) dflyNnf] txsf] sd{rfL
sf] cg'kl:yltdf ;f] txsf] clwsf ;'ljwf kfpg] uL d's{ ulPsf] (sfodd'sfod ;lrj, sfodd'
fod lhNnf lzIff clwsfL O)) sfo{jfxs :yfgfkGg . ;\If]) sf) d') . sfo lj) [;+) sft] x
Ft . sfon lj) [c)] != s'g} s;" jf ckfwaf] ;flat x'g] cfgf] bf]if jf uNtLdf sfon ePsf
lat . @= kfOnf kfOnfdf ;tfOPsf] x}fg nfrf . gfdf gf) ckfw, s;" jf uNtL :jLsf uL
fut c8\8fcbfntsf f]xadf ;flat x'g] JolQmn] sfon eO{ n]lvlbg] sfut jf lnvt . sfo:y gf)
[;+) < lu|s) :sfOyL] != n]vfk9L u] hLjg rnfpg] JolQm d'lgd . @= k|foM tfO{df a:g] P
s hflt sfOt] . sfof gf) [;+) sfo] zL b]x . (pbf) dfofdf sfof kmfNg ;lsFb}g .) sNk
= zLsf] k"} z'l4 jf kljt{g x'g] lqmof jf Joj:yf . @= t?gf]kgf Nofpg] To:tf] lrlsT;f
. s}g gf) != ePesf] a]xf]f j[QfGtj0f{g . @= wfdLn] aSg] zAb . kn6 gf) != 7"nf] k
x]km] . @= zL jf k cs}{ eP km]lg] sfd sfofsNk x'g] cj:yf . sflos lj) [;+)] sfof jf
zfLls b]xljifos . sf! lj) [;+)] != gfd zAbsf] k5fl8 nfu] agfpg], ufpg], rgf ug
ufpg] zAb (u|Gysf, syfsf O)) . @= sfd ug]{, sfo{ ug]{ . gf) #= j0f{dfnfsf cIfsf] k5
fl8 nfu] ltgnfO{ gfdsf kdf lrgfpg] zAb (cfsf, psf O)) . $= cg's0f cflb Wjlgsf] af]w u
pg] zAb (x's \ f em\sf O)) . %= k"ssf kdf cfpg] zAb (s]sf, sf]sf O)) . sf@ gf)
Psf], OGwgn] rNg] ;fgf] cffdbfoL ;jfL ;fwg df]6sf . sfs gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fdf lqmof
y ;fIfft\ ;DaGw fVg] zAb jfSoljGof;ut ;DaGw b]vfpg gfd, ;j{gfd jf ljz]if0fdf b]vf
k]sf] kleGgtf . lj) @= agfpg] clego ug]{ ;Dkfbg ug]{ (JolQm) . #= s'g} klg kn] sfo{;D
kfbg ug{ k|ToIf kn] ;xfos . ~ u|x gf) hGd
216

s'08nLdf xg] d'Vo u|x . sfs] gf) [sf s]] != cleo'St jf bf]ifLnfO{ s]g]{ sfd ;flatL a
ng] sfo{ ;f]wk'5 ub}{ tYo kQf] nufpg] sfo{ s]sf . @= s]g]{ d]6\g] sfd s]d]6 . sfvf
[kmf)] s'g} rLhaLh tof kfg],{ agfpg] jf pTkfbg ug]{ 3 xft jf oGqff dfn;fdfgx tof kf
7fpF cf}Bf]lus k|lti7fg . sf0f gf) [;+)] != k|efj jf kl0ffd pTkGg ug]{ s'g} klg d"n
tj jf JolQm s'g} klg sfo{, efjgf cflbsf lgldQsf] x]t' clek|]0ff jf cfwf x]t' ts{ c
f]hg p2]Zo . @= pks0f ;fwg . #= sfJo jf gf6ssf] d"n jf syfj:t' . $= k|df0f b:tfj]h
. ~ k"hf gf) ljz]if kj{ jf pT;jxdf b]jtfnfO{ :gfg ufO{ kDkfut ljlwljwfgcg';f k"hflb u
]{ lqmof b]jk"hfsf] Ps ljz]if ljlw . ~ dfnf gf) != jl0f{t j:t'sf] sfo{sf0f ;DaGw b]
vfpFbf k"j{k"j{ sf0f kk sfo{ cyjf k"j { k"j{ sfo{ kk sf0fsf] qmdnfO{ cfwf ag
cyf{n\sfsf] k|sf . @= sf0fxsf] k:k;Da4 z[\vnf . jz lqm) lj) s'g} sf0fsf] cwLgdf
jf k|of]hgn] ubf{ . sf0fL lj) [;+)] != d'Vo gfOs] k|wfg d"n sf/gL . gf) @= s'g} sfd
g]{ w]} JolQmxdWo] k|d'v JolQm ;Da4 JolQm . sft'; gf) [sft"; < kf]t{) sf6";] x]) sft
; . sfafO{ gf)x]) sf/afxL . sfaf gf) [kmf)] x]) sff]af . sfafxL gf) [kmf) sfjfO{
. @= Jojxf sfaf . #= u'Kt k|oTg rfn . $= sfo{tTktf sd{0otf . %= c8\8fcbfntaf6 s'g}
f, emu8f jf d'2fsf] 5fglag uL km};nf ubf{ cFuflng] k|lqmof lg0f{osf lglDt ulg] To:t
f] sfo{ . sflotf lj) [;+)] != ;[li6stf{ rgfsf . @= ufpg] ug{ nfpg] . sfjfO{ gf)x])
L . sff gf) [;+)] != s}b aGwg . @= sffjf; ofnvfgf s}bvfgf h]n aGbLu[x . #= jL0ffsf
f] tNnf] efu . $= kL8f si6 . %= ;'gsf] sfd ug]{ cfOdfO{ . > sffuf gf) h]n ofnvfgf aG
[x sff . sffufls gf) h]nvfgfdf aGbLxsf] Joj:yf, ]vb]v cflb sfo{ ug]{ d'Vo clwsfL h
flsd . u[x gf) sffuf h]nvfgf . b08 gf) h]ndf y'Gg] ;hfo s}b ;hfo y'gf . > sffWo
[xsf] k|zf;lgs clws[t h]nvfgfsf] d'Vo xflsd . aGbL gf) s}bL aGbL y'gj ' f. jf; gf)
ndf y'lgg] sfd sffufsf] ;hfo ef]Ug]

217

sflsfsfo{ lrq xf:o;lxtsf] Jo\Uolrq Jo\Uolrq . sf8{ gf) [c\)] s'g} kj{, pT;j jf ljjf
bsf lgdGq0ff 5flkg] jf cGo ljz]if n]vk9 cflbdf k|of]u ulg] cfotfsf, afSnf] bx|f] s
fuhsf] 6'qmf kq . (lgdGq0ffsf8{, kf]:6sf8{, k':tsn]gb]gsf8{ O)) . sft{jLo{ gf) [;+)
] s[tjLo{sf 5f]f tyf fj0fsf ;dsfnLg x}xo b]zsf fhf b; xhf o1 ug],{ bL3{hLjL tGqzf:qs
cfrfo{sf kdf k|Voft ltg} JolQm ;x;|fh{'g . sflt{s gf) [;+)] c;f}h d\l;sf aLrsf] dlx
f ;ftf}F dlxgf sflQs . sflt{s]o gf) [;+)] o'4sf b]jtf jf b]jtfxsf ;]gfWoIf dflgPsf,
^ 6fpsf, afx| xft afx|j6} cfFvf ePsf] j0{fg ulPsf lzjk'q :sGb clUge" u\ufk'q if8fgg
d'v s'df :jfdLsflt{s do"jfxg . sftf]; { gf) [ sft';] afSnf] uQf, wft' cflbaf6 agf
6f]6fjfn aGb's, tf]k, lk:tf}ndf af?bh:tf lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ aGb ulPsf] j:t' 6f]6f (kf
gLleq lj:kmf]6 ufO{ o;af6 df5f dfg]{ sfd klg ulG5 .) sfg]{; gf) [c
\) slg{;\] 3, ejg c
flbsf aflxklsf] kvf{n jf ufx|f]nfO{ kfgLaf6 arfpg afl56f cflb leq hfg glbgfsf nflu
cfjZostfcg';f k|To]s tnfsf aLrdf To;} kvf{n jf ufx|f];Fu hf]8L s]xL aflx lgsflnPs
f] OF6, 6fon, ss{6kftf cflbsf] kmNofsh:tf] 5t . sfk]6 { gf) [c
\)] != e'O{F 9fSg c
f]5fOg] afSnf] ;fbf jf a']bf sk8f bL . @= kfnsLsf ljleGg e]bdWo] Ps . ~ pg gf) sfk]6
jf un}r F f agfpg] vf; lsl;dsf] pg . sfa{g gf) [c
\)] sf]Onf, c
\uf cflbdf ljBdfg xg]
Ps f;folgs tj (xLf l;;fnfO{ ljz'4 sfa{g dflgG5) k|f
\uf . ~ k]k gf) 6
\sg cflbdf k
gsfNg sfutsf] aLrdf xfnL k|of]u ulg] Psfkl sfa{g nufOPsf] kftnf] kq jf sfut k|f
\ufkq
. sfo{ gf) [;+)] != sfd s[To sfh . @= st{Jo . #= k];f Joj;fo . $= wfld{s s[To jf cg'
i7fg . %= k|of]hg p2]Zo . ^= gf6ssf] pk;+xf . stf{ gf) != vf; p2]Zo jf sf0fn] sfd ug
]{ JolQm sdL{ sd{rfL >lds . @= lhNnf ufpFufpF 3'd] fhgLlts, ;fdflhs cflb l;4fGtsf]
fk|;f ug]{ JolQm . snfk gf) sfd;DaGwL ultljlw sfdsfafO{ sfd ug]{ ljlw jf tlsf . ~
) sf0f sfo{ p2]Zo k|of]hg x]t' ;+of]u . ~ sf0f efj gf) sfo{ sf0fsf] ;DaGw pTk
fj . sfl0fL gf) != s'g} ljz]if sfd ug{ jf Joj:yf ldnfpg cflwsfls kaf6 r'lgPsf jf dgf
]gLt ePsf ljlzi6 JolQmxsf] ;ldlt ;~rfns ;ldlt sfo{;ldlt . lj) @=

sfd . } f w]} cy{ lbg] uBdo jf kBdo sflsf gf) [;+)] != yf]d ;"lQm . @= gt{sL . #= Jo
j;fo k];f . $= Jofs0f, bz{g cflb;Fu ;Da4 u|Gy (;f
\Vosflsf cflb) . sflu gf) [kmf) sf
wft', sf7, kTy cflbsf] fd|f] d"lt{ agfpg] JolQm snfsf lzNksf lzNkL . @= snk'hf{sf]
ug]{ JolQm sflnu8 . > sfluL gf) sflusf] sfd jf k];f sflnu8L lzNksfo{ . sfl0fL lj
fL ug]{ ljz]iftM zAbsf] kl5lNt hf]l8P ug]{ eGg] cy{df pQkbsf kdf cfpg] (sfo{sfl0f
fl0fL O)) . sflt lj) [;+)] ufOPsf] agfOPsf] . sfltf gf) [;+)] != C0fLsf] :jLs[ltdf k
nt sfg'gn] tf]s]eGbf a9L bdf lnOg] Aofh . @= s'g} zAbsf] kl5lNt hf]l8P ug]{kg jf ufp
g] efj cflb cy{ a'emfpg] zAb (sfJosfltf, gf6sfltf O)) . sflGbf gf) [kmf) sflGb] lghfd
L ;]jftkm{ n]vgbf;sf] sfd ug]{ lgDg:tLo sd{rfL sfOt] Sns{ . sfL lj) [;+)] ug]{ jf
Gg] cy{ lnP zAbsf] kl5lNt pQkbsf kdf hf]l8g] (cf1fsfL, sfo{sfL O)) . sf?l0fs lj) [;+
!= s?0ffsf] efj ePsf] bofn' s[kfn' . @= s?0ffo'Qm s?0ffn] elPsf] . sf?0o gf) [;+)] s?
0ffsf] efj jf cj:yf bof jf s[kf . sff]af gf) [sfaf ] != s'g} dfndQf a]rlavg uL hLljs
nfpg] sfd Jofkf . @= sd jf s'g} j:t' lng]lbg] sfd n]gb]g ;;fk6 P]Frf]k}Frf] . #= pBf
Gbf Ond Joj;fo . > sff]afL lj) sff]af ug]{ a]kfsf] k];f cFufNg] n]gb]g ug]{ . sfu
c
\) ] hn, :yn jf xjfO{dfu{ x'Fb} Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF k'ofpg NofOPsf] dfndQf . ~
a's gf) s'g} sDkgL jf ;+:yf cflbn] sfuf]{;]jf pknAw ugf{sf lglDt ulg] clu|d cg'aGw
. ~ ;]jf gf) hn, :yn jf xjfO{ dfu{af6 dfntfn Nofpg]nfg] jf cf];fk;f ug]{ sfo{ . sfrf
]k { gf) [kmf) sfrf]a] != sk8fdf a'f eg]{ snf jf sfd aQ'efO a]na'f sfrf]a (ODa|fO
a'f eg{sf lgldQ sk8f tfg] fVg] Ps ;fwg . sfrf]k { L lj) [kmf) sfrf]aL] sfrf]{k jf aQ
' elPsf] a'f xflnPsf] . ~ 6f]kL gf) dvdndf ];dsf wfufn] a'f elPsf], aLrdf hfnLbf u
] ljz]if k|sfsf] g]kfnL 6f]kL las]{ 6f]kL . sf6{'g gf) [c\) sf6{"g] s'g} JolQm jf 36
gfsf] pkxf; ug{ jf s'g} ;Totkm{ cf}FNofpg Jo\UfTds 9\un] n]lvPsf]

sfo{efsfo{ ;"rL sfo{sf] Joj:yf ug]{ jf ldnfpg] (;lrj, ;ldlt, ;ef, klifb\ O)) . sfL g
) != ljz]if kn] s'g} sfd ug]{ JolQm sfo{stf{ . @= s;}sf] cg'kl:yltdf To; JolQmsf]
;Dk"0f{ clwsf pkef]u uL sfd ug]{ JolQm . #= s;}nfO{ s'g} ljlzi6 kb s]jn ;Ddfgfy{ l
bFbf ljz]if cj:yfdf To; kbaf6 ug{k ' g]{ sfd ;DkGg ug]{ csf]{ JolQm . sfn gf) !=
sfd ug]{ ;do df};d pko'Qm ;do jf cj; . @= s'g} kb jf ;]jfdf xFbf tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw kb
fjlw . s'zn lj) l;kfn' k|jL0f vlKk; lgk'0f bIf . ~ s'zntf gf) sfo{s'zn x'gfsf] efj
t bIftf lgk'0ftf . qmd gf) != s'g} ljz]if sfd (;dff]x, cfof]hgf, uf]i7L ;]ldgf cflb
ljljw c\usf] ;Dkfbg ug{ tof kflPsf] qmd jf l;nl;nfkl5 x'g] s'g} klg sfdsf] of]hgf j
f k|lqmof . @= To:tf sfds'fsf] d'lb|t ;"rL tflnsf . ~ If]q gf) sfd ug{sf lglDt k|bQ
clwsf jf lgb]{zgsf] ;Ldf . ~ 6f]nL gf) lglb{i6 jf vf;vf; sfd ugf{sf lglDt agfOPsf]
sfo{stf{xsf] ;d"x sfd ug]{ JolQmxsf] ljeflht PsfO tf]lsPsf] If]qdf uO{ sfd ug]{xsf]
8kmf . bIf lj) sfd ug{df of]Uo jf l;kfn' sfo{s'zn . ~ bIftf gf) sfo{bIf x'gfsf] efj
jf l:ylt sfo{s'zntf . lgi7 lj) sfddf cf:yf fVg] sfddf cg'Qm sfddf ;\slNkt sfddf ;
k~rs gf) O{Zjsf kfFr ljz]if sfo{ (;[li6, l:ylt, k|no, lgu|x cg'ux | ) . ~ kq gf) ;]
ldgf, sfo{zfnfuf]i7L cflbdf 5nkmn, l6Kk0fL, cfnf]rgf cflb ugf{sf lglDt k|:t't ulg]
s'g} klg ;d:ofljifos n]v uf]i7Lkq . ~ k4lt gf) s'g} sfd ug]{ :jLs[t ljlw jf tlsf sf
o{ k | 0 ffnL . ~ klifb\ gf) s' g } sfd kll:yltcg';f cfGbf]ng cflbsf] ;~rfng, lgoGq
0f cflb ug{ ul7t ;ldlt jf cf}krfls c\u vf; sfdsf lglDt agfOPsf] ;ldltljz]if . ~ kfl
nsf gf) ;sfsf tLg c\u sfo{kflnsf, Gofokflnsf ljwflosfdWo] Joj:yflksf ;efn] kflt u]
g'g jf k|:tfjnfO{ sfof{Gjog ug]{ b]zsf] k|zf;g jf zf;gJoj:yf ;'rf? kn] rnfpg] Ps
k|d'v c\u . ~ k|0ffnL gf) x]) sfo{k4lt . sfo{ef gf) [;+)] s'g} kbdf xFbfsf] ;Dk"0f{ p
QbfloTj ;]jfcjlwsf] cleeff cfk"mn] ug{'kg]{ sfdsf] lhDd]jfL . ~ d'Qm lj) s'g} kb jf l
Dd]jfLaf6 Ro't ulPsf] ;]jfaf6 cjsfz lbOPsf] jf kfPsf] vf]l;Psf] . > sfo{efL lj) sfo{e
jxg ug]{ s'g} sfd jf kbsf] lhDdf lng] . sfo{dn " s lj) [;+)] Jojxfdf Nofpg ;lsg] jf
cfpg ;Sg] u'0fsf] k|wfgtf ePsf] sfddf Nofpg ;lsg] Jofjxfls pkof]lutf jf kIf ljBdfg
x]sf] (sfo{dn " s of]hgf, sfo{dn " s l;4fGt O)) . tf gf) sfo{d"ns x'gfsf] efj pkof
]uL
218

Jofjxflstf . ~ of]hgf gf) Jojxfdf ptfL pkof]uL agfpg ;lsg] s'g} of]hgf sfof{Gjog kIfn
fO{ k|wfgtf lbg] cfof]hgf . sfo{jz lqm) lj) [;+)] sfdljz]ifn] s'g} sfd cfOnfu]sfn]
sfdsf sf0fn] . sfo{jfxs lj) [;+)] s'g} JolQmsf] cg'kl:yltdf lgodfg';f To; JolQmsf]
clwsf lnO{ c:yfoL kdf sfd ug]{ (sd{rfL jf kbflwsfL) sfdsf] lhDdf lng] sfo{sfL sfodd
. ~ ;\Vof gf) s'g} ;ef jf a}7snfO{ cf}krfls k lbg pkl:yt x'gk ' g]{ lgDgtd ;b:o;\Vof
x]) u0fk"s ;Vof . sfo{jfxL lj) [;+)] != x]) sfo{jfxs . @= x]) sfafO{ . of]Uotf gf) l
lzi6 ;ef, dlGqklifb\ cflbsf] a}7sdf ulPsf sfd, jfbljjfb, lg0f{o cflbnfO{ uf]Ko fVg]
sfo{ jf Joj:yf . sfo{ljlw gf) [;+)] lgod, P]gsfg'gdf pNn]v ePcg';fsf sfo{k0 | ffn
L sfdsf] ;jfn jf l;4fGt . sfo{ ljgfos gf) [;+)] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf k|l;4 ljgfos (u
0f]z)dWo] kf6g lhNnfsf] ;}a F ' eGg] 7fpFdf x]sf Ps ljgfos . sfo{ ljj0f gf) [;+)] !=
s'g} sfdsf] qmda4 JofVof ulPsf] ljj0f jf tYok|ltj]bg . @= sfdsf] kmfF6jfL sfo{;r "
L. sfo{ Joj:yf gf) [;+)] ;sfL jf dxfhgL sfdsf] Kkmf8Kkmf fd|f];Fu ldn]sf] sfdsf] f]x
jf l:ylt . sfo{ Jofkf gf) [;+)] 36gf Jofkf OlGb|off k|ltkflbt sfdsfh . sfo{ zlQm gf
)] s'g} ef}lts jf dfgl;s sfd ugf{sf lglDt rflxg] an jf of]Uotf sfd ug]{ ;fdYo{ jf
bIftf . sfo{zfnf gf) [;+)] oGq cflbsf] dd{t, lgdf{0f, k|of]u cflb ug]{ sfvfgf Hof;
n sfd ug]{ 7fpF . ~ uf]i7L gf) uf]i7L, ;]ldgf cflbdf ;xefuLxnfO{ ;DalGwt ljifodf cEo
f; ufO{ k|lzIf0f lbg] sfo{ jf To:tf] sfo{ ug]{ lzlj . sfo{;Ifd lj) [;+)] sfd ug]{ o
f]Uotf jf Ifdtf ePsf] sfd ug{ ;Sg] . tf gf) sfo{;Ifd x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . sfo{ ;
ldlt gf) [;+)] s'g} ljz]if sfdsf] ;~rfng jf ;Dkfbgsf lglDt ag]sf] ;ldlt sfo{sfl0fL
;ldlt . sfo{ ;Dkfbg gf) [;+)] tf]lsPsf] sfd jf pQbfloTjnfO{ k"f ug]{ sfo{ sfdsf] sfo
f{Gjog . ~ d"Nof\sg gf) sfo{;Dkfbgsf] sfdsf] n]vfhf]vf s'g} ;DalGwt JolQmnfO{ ;'lDk
Psf] sfd jf lhDd]jfLsf] dxj b]vfpg] jf cfFSg] sfd . sfo{ ;"rL gf) [;+)] != sfdsf] l
jj0f jf afF8kmfF8af] n]lvPsf] sfuh ug{k ' g]{ sfdsf] :ki6 pNn]v ePsf] ljj0fkq

219

sfo{ :yugsfn kdf u0fgf x'g] b'O{ 36gf jf lqmofsf aLrsf] ;do a]nf avt cjlw 6fOd df};d
@= s'g} sfo{ ug{sf lgldQ pko'Qm 38L jf cj; . #= ;dosf] s'g} lglZrt cjlw jf ;"rs d
fg (pbosfn, k|ftMsfn, ;fo\sfn O)) . $= d[To'sf b]jtf od . %= d[To' d0f lgolt . ^= zlg
u|x . &= v08 cg'efu . *= lzj . (= Jofs0fdf sfo{ jf cj:yfsf ;donfO{ af]w ufpg] lqmof
sf] k jf kfjnL (e"t, jt{dfg eljiot\) . !)= ;\uLt tyf 5Gbzf:qdf sfnsf] gkfO . lj) !!
= sfnf] sf] s[i0f j0f{sf] . s6gL gf) ;do latfpg] sfd b'Mvlhnf];fy ulg] hLjglgjf{x
gf) != d'h' . @= gLns07] rf . #= lzjhLsf] pkflw dxfb]j . snf gf) != sfnsf] x:odo l:y
t jf sfd sfnult . @= d[To' f]uJofw d[To' nfunug . s"6 gf) ;d'b|dGyg ubf{ lg:s]sf]
fb]jn] lgn]sf] ;fx|} s8f ljif xnfxn . sf]7L gf) ofnvfgfleq agfOPsf], 7"nf ckfwLnfO{
tgf lbOg] ;fF3'f] cFWoff] sf]7f] . qmd gf) sfn jf ;dosf] qmlds 36gf jf cg'qmd 36gfs
cfwfdf ;+jt\, lbg, ldlt cflbsf] qmdGof; . qmlds lj) != sfnqmd;DaGwL sfnqmdsf] . @=
sfnqmdsf ljrfn] k|:t't x'g] jf ulg] (sfnqmlds efifflj1fg, sfnqmlds tYof\s O)) . If
]k0f gf) != ;do latfpg] sfd lbg laofFNg] sfd lbgs6gL . @= hLjglgjf{x u'hff u'hfg .
f) != sfnsf] s'g} ljefu cjlw . @= kd]Zj . #= sn]hf] . ult gf) != ;dosf] km]abn sfns
qmd jf kljt{g x'g] ;Defjgf . @= d[To'sf] ult jf qmd . rqm gf) ;dosf] rqm jf x]km] hL
g, kll:ylt, wg;DklQ cflbsf] 3'dfOlkmfO . hf] gf) != nfDrf] kfgkft] g\u|f x'g] Ps h
f] nxf] jf 7G8L, bd Hjdf kmfObf ug]{ tyf ?lr a9fpg] To;}sf] a'6L s6\jL . @= ;lGgkft
Hj sfnHj . hLf] gf) d'\]nf] d'u|]nf] snf}FhL . Hj gf) ;a} zL sfnf] kfg]{ l
. 1 gf) != ;dosf] ult jf kljt{gsf] 1ftf Hof]ltifL . @= s'v'f] . 1fg gf) != l:ylt j
j:yfsf] hfgsfL . @= d[To' x'g] ;dosf] k"j1 { fg x'g] lqmof jf l:ylt . l6Da' gf) sfn
f] vfnsf] bfgf x'g] Ps hftsf] l6Da' . qo gf) e"t, eljiot\ jt{dfg tLg sfn . b08 gf)
odfhsf] 8G8f d[To' d0f . bf]if gf) 36gf tYoxnfO{ 7Ls sfnqmddf gflvg] bf]if sfnq
e"n . wd{ gf) != lglZrt ;doljz]ifsf lglDt pko'Qm wd{ . @= d[To' sfn lgwg . kfz gf)
!= odfh jf d[To'sf] hfn jf kf;f] . @= ;dosf] aGwg jf lgod . k'?if gf) != ;dosf] sl
Nkt dfgjL k . @= O{Zjsf] ljf6\ k . #= d[To'sf b]jtf sfnb]jtf . $= u|xbf]if x6fpg jf c
li6

sfdsf] lkml:t sfof{jnL . @= ;ef, a}7s cflbdf cg'df]bg jf kflt ug{k ' g]{ k|:tfj (Ph
]G8f) . sfo{ :yug gf) [;+)] sfd :ylut ug]{ k|lqmof jf Joj:yf . ~ k|:tfj gf) s'g} c
fjZos Pj+ ;fj{hlgs dxjsf k|Zgdf ljrf ugf{sf lglDt cGo sfo{ 5f8] o;} cfjZos ljifonfO
{ k|fyldstf lbg ljwfg;ef, k|ltlglw;ef, fli6o ;ef, fh;ef cflbdf flvg] k|:tfj . sfo{:y
n gf) [;+)] sfd ug]{ 7fpF jf ynf] . ~ cg';Gwfg gf) sfo{:yn jf ;DalGwt If]qdf g} lg
isif{ lgsfNg'kg]{ cg';Gwfgsfo{ . sfof{lwsfL gf) [;+)] lgwf{lt sfdsf] klrfng, sfof{Gjo
g, Joj:yfkg cfflb ug]{ clwsfL jf k|d'v JolQm vf;vf; sfdsf] lhDdf lnPsf] xflsd . sfo
f{WoIf gf) [;+)] pRrtd kbdf x] s'g} sfdsf] ;~rfng jf ;Dkfbg ug]{ clwsfL . sfof{Gjog g
f) [;+)] lnlvt jf df}lvs kaf6 ug{ 7x ePsf] sfdsfafO{nfO{ ljlwk"js { Jojxfdf Nofpg] sf
o{ . sfof{lGjt lj) [;+)] sfo{kdf NofOPsf] jf Jojxfdf k|of]u ulPsf] sfd ePsf] . > sfof
{lGjlt gf) != sfof{lGjt x'g] lqmof jf cj:yf . @= gf6s, pkGof;, sfJo, syf cflbdf ;
'?b]lv cGt;Dd Pp6} d"n syf x'gk ' 5{ eGg] dfGotf . sfof{y { gf) of]) [;+)] != pNn
]v ePcg';f sfd ug{sf nflu ;Da4 sfo{nfO{ Jojxfdf kl0ft ug{sf lglDt (cg'f]w jf cfb]z) .
gf) @= To:t} sfddf lr7Lkqsf] b]xfodf n]lvg] zAb af]wfy{ sfof{y{dWo] Ps . > sfof{
yL{ lj) cfgf] sfd k"f ug{ k|of; ug]{ sfo{l;l4sf] rfxgf ug]{ . sfof{no gf) [;+)] != s'
g} ljz]if sfd jf Joj;fo ug]{ 3 sfvfgf3 . @= k|zf;g;DaGwL sfds'f ug]{ lglZrt 7fpF c8\8
. ~ k|lt gf) lr7Lkq, ;"rgf cflb cGoq k7fpFbf sfof{nodf xg] k|lt k|ltlnlk gsn . ~ ;l
rj gf) sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt kqfrfsf] sfd ;FefNg], ljleGg ljifosf] clen]v jf ]s8{ fVg]
cflb sfo{;Dkfbg ug]{ JolQm s'g} ;+:yf, sDkgL, Sna cflbsf] sfof{nonfO{ ;~rfng ug{
v6fOPsf] j}tlgs jf cj}tlgs JolQm . > sfof{noLo lj) sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt sfof{nosf] .
sfof{jnL gf) [;+)] x]) sfo{;"rL . sfof{j:yf gf) [;+)] gf6s;flxTodf k~r;lGw cyf{t\
syfj:t'df ck]lIft sfo{sf kfFr cj:yf (cfDe, oTg, k|fKTofzf, lgotflKt kmnfud) . sf
iff{k0f gf) [;+)] != c;L QL x'g] clt k'fgf] tfdfsf] d'b|f leGgleGg d"Nosf d'b|f . @=
;f]x| k0fafasf] lnR5ljsfnLg tfdfsf] l;Ssf . sfn gf) [;+)] != jif{, dlxgf, af, lbg, ft
, 38L cflbsf

sfndsfnL zfGt ug{ bfg ulg] kmnfdsf] k|ltdf . kmfn gf) d] klg ;Fu} dg]{ pGglt ug{ ;s
klg ;fy} xL pGglt ug]{ egL hf]l8Psf] ulxf] ;DaGw jf efjgfTds P]So . e}j gf) != Psfb
z ?b|dWo] Ps lzjhLsf d'Vo u0fdf Ps u0f . @= sf7df8f}Fsf] xg'dfg\9f]sfglhs x]sf Ps
k|l;4 e}j . sfnd gf) [c\)] ;dfrfkq cflbsf k[i7xdf aLrsf] nfdf] wsf{ jf vfnL c\uaf6 cn
nu 5'fOg] 7f8f jf nfdf v08 x]) :tDe . sfndfg gf) [;+)] sfn jf ;dosf] k"jf{k cjlw ;dos
] gfkf] jf dfg . sfnofkg gf) [;+)] x]) sfnIf]k0f . sfnflq gf) [;+)] != cFWoff] 8nfUb
] ft . @= ;ff ljZjsf] dxfk|no x'g] ft d[To'sf] ft . #= gjflqdWo] cflZjg z'Sn ci6dLsf]
t tyf To; ftdf ulg] b'uf{sf] k"hf . $= b'uf{sf] d"lt{ jf k . sfnj]nf gf) [;+)] != lb
gdfg ftdfgnfO{ ljefhg ubf{ k|To]s lbg kg{ cfpg] zlgZrsf] a]nf zlgsfn . @= s'g} sfd,
ofqf cflb ug{ lglif4 ;do cz'e d'x"t{ . #= plrt kll:ylt jf cj; df}sf . sfn;do gf) [;+
)] != df}sf kll:ylt ;dosf] rfFhf]kfFhf] . @= a]nfavt . sfn;k{ gf) [;+)] != 8:gf;fy
dflg; dg]{ Hofb} ljiffn' 8nfUbf] sfnf] ;fFk sfnkL ;k{ . @= csf] 7"nf] xflg ug]{ b'i6
JolQm . sfnflhg gf) [;+)] s[i0f;f d[usf] 5fnf sfnf] d[usf] 5fnf . sfnftLt lj) [;+)]
;doeGbf ksf] ;don] Eofpg g;Sg] ;do lat]sf] . sfnfgn gf) [;+)] != k|nosfnsf] cfuf] sf
nflUg . @= k|noflUgsf clwi7ftf b]jtf dxfb]j ?b| . #= kfFrd'v] ?b|fIf . sfnfg'qmd gf
) [;+)] x]) sfnqmd . sfnfGt gf) [;+)] != ;dosf] km]f] ;dofGt csf]{ ;do w]} kl5sf] ;
@= df}sf k]sf] s'g} a]nf . ~ ljif gf) d';f, s's ' cflbn] 6f]ss ] f] w]} lbgkl5 nfUg]
ljif dGbljif . sfnfkfgL gf) [sfnf] kfgL] != eftdf c\u|]hL zf;g 5Fbf cfhGd sffjf;sf] ;
fo lbg] rf}lt ;d'bn | ] 3]lPsf] 6fk' (cG8dg lgsf]af) . @= k|foM h\un5]psf] clt udL{
'g,] 8nfUbf] cf}nsf] k|sf]k ePsf] 7fpF . #= ef/t;Fusf] ;Ldf ljjfbsf sf/0f ljz]if
rlr{t bfh'n { f lhNnfsf] e"efu . sfnfaGhf gf) [sfnf] aGhf] slxNo} cfjfb gulPsf] jf gkm
fFl8Psf] 7"nf] 3gf h\un .
220

sfnf:q gf) [;+)] k|xf u]kl5 lglZrt kn] zq'sf] ;+xf ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] af0f ;f\3flts jf
o'Qm jf0f . sflns lj) [;+)] != sfn jf ;dosf] ;do;DaGwL . @= sfnfl>t . #= df};dcg's
"n ;fdlos . sflnsf gf) [;+)] != b}Tosf] ;+xf ug{ cjtlt ePsL k|l;4 b]jL dxfsfnL b'uf{
08sf sfnL . ~ k'f0f gf) sflnsfb]jLsf] dfxfTDo j0f{g ulPsf] Ps pkk'f0f . sflns'lQd gf)
lgSvf sfnf] s's ' (sflns'lQd dxfplQd) . sflnu8 gf) [kmf) sfLu] x:tsnfsf] s'g} klg sfd
ug]{ JolQm lzNkL sdL{ sflu . > sflnu8L gf) sflnu8sf] sfd, k];f jf ;Lk . sfln\u] Rof
) k|foM kx]n F f] df6f] ePsf] 7fpFdf pd|g,] vfg x'g], 7"nf] Ps k|sfsf] Rofp . sfl
nh gf) [;+) sfn]o] df;' vfOg] s'v'fsf hftsf] sfnf] h\unL rf] . sflnbf; gf) [;+)] ;+:s
[t ;flxTosf k|l;4 gf6s (cle1fgzfs' G tn, ljqmdf] j { z Lo, dfnljsflUgldq ), dxfs
fJo (3'j+z, s'df;Dej) v08sfJo (d]3b"t Ct';+xf)sf] rgf ug]{ Ps ljVoft dxfslj ;+:s[
xTosf k|ltlglw gf6ssf tyf sfJosf . sflng gf) [c) sfnLg] yLyL a]na'f ePsf] sfk]{6 jf u
}Frfh:tf] Ps lsl;dsf] la5f}gf . sflnGrf]s gf) bf]nvf ahfb]lv emG8} ^ dfOn 6f9f #,*$
@ ld6 cUnfOdf l:yt Ps :yfg . ~ dfO{ gf) ;f]xL 7fpFsL Ps k|l;4 b]jL tyf lzjhL, u0f]
z ;:jtLsf d"lt{xsf ;fy} Pp6f s'08 klg ePsf] Ps tLy{:yn . sflnGbL gf) [;+)] != slnGb
kxf8af6 lg:s]sL od'gf gbL s[i0ff . @= s[i0fsf k|d'v cf7 k6fgLdWo] Ps . sflndf gf)
[;+)] != sfnf] x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt sfnf]kg . @= sn\s bfu bf]if . #= nf~5gf ckjfb . s
fnL! gf) [;+)] != sflnsf b]jL b'uf{ r08L . @= ;f]x| ljBfb]jLdWo] Ps . #= kfj{tLsf]
Ps gfd jf pkflw . $= sflndf . %= clUgsf ;ft lhXjfdWo] Ps . ^= ft . &= sfnf afbnsf
] k\lQm . *= lxdfnosf] d'lQmgfy If]qaf6 lg:s] g]kfnsf] klZrd efudf aUg] Ps k|l;4 g
bL zflnu|fd kfOg] gbL sfnL jf s[i0ff u08sL ;Ktu08sLdWo] Ps (pbf) sfnLkf, sfnLjf) . sf
L@ lj) [sfnf] O{] != sfnf] cg'xf jf j0f{ ePsL sfnf] kf]t]sL (:qL) . gf) @= sfnf] zAbsf
:qLln\uL k dfofn] jf ufnLn] s'g} gfLnfO{ elgg] zAb . gf) #= h'Qfdf nfpg] sfnf] kfln
; jf f]ug . ~ cfk gf) dL7f] :jfb ePsf] c;n hftsf] Ps cfFk af]qmfdf sfnf]sfnf] 6Lsf a;
]sf], ;fgf] sf]of] x'g] e'mqf] gx'g] dxh:t} :jflbnf]

221

sfnLgsfnf] sfnL ds} gf) [sfnf] ds}] s]fsf] a'Fufh:tf] 5f]6f] 3f]uf nfUg], bfgfleq sfn
f] kL7f]h:tf] kbfy{ x'g] Ps hftsf] ds} . sfnLdf6L gf) [sfnf] df6f] ] != hldgdlg x]sf
] sfnf], gd dlnnf] df6f] v]tLdf dnsf kdf k|of]u ulg] df6f] . @= sf7df8f}+F pkTosfsf]
6]s'bf]efgglhs x]sf] Ps 7fpF . sfnLdfn gf) kb]z jf k|jf; kb]z hfFbf af6fdf kg]{ jf;
. sfnLd'G6] gf) [sfnf] d'G6f] P] != v]tlt kfOg], 6'Kkfdf sfnf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] 3Ff; sfn
d'G6f] jgdff . @= d'G6f] dfq sfnf] eO{ afFsL hLp ;a} c g} sf] x'g] afv|f] . lj) #= sf
nf] d'G6f] ePsf] . sfnLx gf) [sfnf] x ] x]) sfnLbx . sfnL nxf] gf) [sfnf] nxf]] ufO{a
O{ v'jfOg] Ps k|sfsf] h\unL 3fF; . sfnL l;GsL gf) [sfnf] l;Gsf]] sfnf]sfnf] l;Gsf x'g
] Ps emf sfg 5]8]kl5 Kjfn g6flnof];\ eg] nufOg] ;fgf] l;Gsf] sfgl;GsL bdsGg] . sfn' l
) [sfnf] p] sfnf] zAbsf] ;\lIfKt k . ~ kf8 ] gf) k[YjLgffo0f zfxsf ;dodf uf]vf{ fHo
L ePsf sLlt{k ' ;Fu klxnf] o'4df lbjt ePsf Oltxf;k|l;4 Ps JolQm . sfn'io gf) [;+)]
!= sn'if jf dlng x'gfsf] efj dlngtf kmf]xf] . @= j}dg:o . sfn" gf) :g]xsf ;fy af]nfp
Fbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . sfnf] gf) [;+) sfn] != k|sfz jf ;]tf]sf] ljkLt
df];f], ufhn, c
uf, uf]n cflbsf] h:tf]
\u . @= k|sfz gePsf] l:ylt cGwsf . #= lgu|f] hflt . $= bf]if,
sn
\s vf]6 . %= kfk sNdif . lj) ^= pHofnf] gePsf] cFWoff] d}nf] jf wldnf] . &= s[i0f j
f{sf] sN;fpFbf] ;fFjnf] ufhn] . *= dg ;kmf gePsf] l;fPsf] ghftL b'i6 . (= cfzf gePsf
f] gkfOg] (sfnf] eljio, sfnf] efjgf O)) . ~ c
]L gf) sfnf]sfnf] vfnsf] c
]Lljz]if . ~ c
l
\ufn gf) Ps hftsf] sfnf]
sf] cl
\ufn . ~ pv' gf) uf9f sn]hL jf sfnf]
sf], cf}ifwL
lg sfd nfUg] fd|f] vfnsf] pv' . ~ skf; gf) sfnf]sfnf] e'jf x'g] Ps hftsf] skf; . ~
st{t ' gf) csf] s'enf]sf nflu ulg] lgGbgLo sfo{ :jfy{l;l4sf nflu ulg] lgodlj?4 sfd
nsk6 if8\oGq . ~ sf7 ] gf) x]) sfnLgfy|f] . ~ sfn gf) ss{nfsf] h:tf] af]6df ;lnkmfh:
tf] t s]xL nfDrf] cfsfsf] 3f]uf kmNg] Ps :yfj ljif . ~ lsf] gf) != AjfF;f]h:tf] 9f8]
sLf] efp;f] . @= ;fns gfdsf] Ps h
\unL

Ps cfFk n
\u8f cfFk . ~ P]; n ] ' gf) nxfdf kmNg] ftf 6f]k|f x'g] Ps hftsf] P]F;]n
~ sf7 gf) lrNnf afSnf kft, ;]tf 6Lsf6Lsf k]sf] sfnf] af]qmf tLtf] :jfbsf] x'g] tyf
bltpgsf] sfd lnOg] ;;fgf] vsf] kf]yf |] jf To;s} sf7 . s'RrL gf) Hofb} sfnf] j0f{
sL :qLnfO{ ufnL ubf{ cyjf s'g} klg cfOdfO{nfO{ lvHofpFbf elgg] ckdfgaf]ws zAb .
s'lQd lj) != Hofbf sfnf] uf9f sfnf] . @= Hofb} d}nf] yf]qf]k'fgf] . sf]6 gf) g]kfn c
wfHosf] s0ff{nL c~rndf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . sf]KrL gf) sfnf] j0f{, ulxf cfFvf 3f]K6] x]
ePsL cfOdfO{nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ulg] ZfAb . vf]n ] gf) != sfnL vf]nfjksf afl;Gbf
. @= vf]nfsf] 5]p5fp a;] dL7f :jn] ufpg] Ps k|sfsf] rf] . ~ Hofld gf) uf9f kx]Fnf] ty
ftf] a]fqmf x'g] Ps hftsf] cldnf] kmn . ~ 9sfof] gf) 8fF7sf] 6'Kkfdf k|foM tLgj6f
kft x'g], 3f]ufsf kdf kx]Fnf] k"mn k'mNg] afFsf]sf] h:tf] sGb x'g] Ps a'6L jf To
;}sf] sGb . tf]k gf) k|frLg sfnsf] Ps k|l;4 tf]ksf] gfd . bx gf) != Hofb} ulxf] x'g
fsf] sf0fn] kfgL sfnf] b]lvg] bx eo\ssf] bx sfnL x . lj) @= c;fWo} df}nfPsf] ;lk|Psf
(pbf) of] ;fn afLdf sfnLbx ds} ePsf] 5 . ) sfnLg lj) [;+)] != s'g} sfn jf ;do;Fu ;
DalGwt vf; ;dosf] sflns (dxfeftsfnLg, f0ffsfnLg O)) . @= Ct' jf ofdcg's"n . (pbf)zTsf
Lg cfsfz :jR5 lgd{n b]lvG5) . sfnLgfy|f] gf) [sfnf] gfy|f] ] d\l;df kfSg], sfnf] gfy|
f] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] wfg kx]Fnf] df;L{ sfnf] sf7] . sfnL lgpf] gf) [sfnf] lgpf]] sfnf]
f]6f] sdnf] 8fF7 x'g] tsfL vfOg] Ps hftsf] lgpf] . sfnLkf]s ] gf) [sfnf] kf]s] ] cG
tnfO{ g} sfnf] t'NofOlbg], afnLla?jfdf nfUg] Ps f]u ux'F cflbsf 8fF7kft afnfdf cFu
fsf] w"nf]h:tf] sfnfsfnf kf]sf nfUg] f]uljz]if . sfnL aDaO{ gf) [sfnf] aDaO{] aDaO{ c
fFksf] Ps k|sf c;n hftsf] cfFk . sfnL lafnL gf) [sfnL lafnL] cf]vtLd"nf]sf lglDt k|of]
ulg] sfnf] sf] lafnf] . sfnL a"9L gf) [sfnL a"9L] x's'dsf] ld:;L cfgf] tf;n] vfPdf s
a"9L af]lsG5 eGg] uL rf hgf ldn] v]lng] tf;sf] v]n . sfnL af] S ;L gf) [ sfnL af] S ;L
] sfnL ghftL :jf:gLdfG5]nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ulg] ckdfgaf]ws zAb . sfnL eL gf) [s
fnf] eL ] dflyaf6 x]bf{ lFu6f jf cTof; nfUg] 8nfUbf] eL sxfnLnfUbf] eL .

sfNrLld;|LsfZdLL hgfj . ~ s's' gf) ! x'Fb} gePsf] dflg; . @= t'R5 k|f0fL . ~ sf}jf gf
;jf{\u zL sfnf] x'g], s]xL 7"nf] tLvf] r'Rrf] ePsf] Ps hftsf] sfu 9f]n] sfu n]sfnL
fu 8'd sfu . ~ u]j ] f gf) sfnf] df]6f] vfnsf], y'k|} ; x'g] Ps k|sfsf] c;n vfnsf]
. ~ uf}y nL gf) k|foM kxflt u'F8 kfg]{ sfnf]
sf] uf}FynL rf] . ~ lrof gf) b"w, t
xflnPsf], lrgL lrofsf]
dfq ePsf] lrof lkmSsf lrof . ~ hf] gf) x]) sfnHj . ~ lhf]
) sfnhLf] ~ wt'f] gf) 5fof] efjsf] gLnf] k"mn k'mNg] sfnf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] wt'f]
. ~ g'lgof gf) sfnf]
sf] Ps hftsf] wfgljz]if . gLnf] lj) != 8n] cflQPsf] jf l;n] r
] . @= sfnf] tyf gLnf] ksf] . ~ g'g gf) ckr, 8sf cflbdf kmfObf ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] g'g la
g'g . ~ kq gf) != ;8snfO{ kSsL agfpg k|fljlws lsl;dn] f]8f, cnsqf cflb 5flkPsf] ;t
x lkr . @= sf]n6f, k]6\f]lnod cflbdf 3f]lnPsf] sfnf] RofkRofk] kbfy{ cnsqf . ~ kftn
f) lgh{g jg tL eofjx h
\un . kf]s ] gf) ux'F, hf} cflb afnLdf nfUg], afnf] sfnf] x'Fb
hfg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . ~ ahf gf) != ;sfff cfoftlgof{tsf nflu k|ltalGwt dfn;fdfgx a
f sdfpg cj}w lsl;dn] n'sLl5kL cfoft jf lgof{t ug]{ sfd . @= s'g} dfn;fdfgsf] s[l
qd cefj v8f uL cTolws gfkmf lnP laqmL ug]{ sfd jf l:ylt . #= To:tf] dfn;fdfg vlblaqm
L ug]{ 7fpF rf]ahf . ~ ahflof lj) sfnf]ahf ug]{ t:sJofkfL rf]ahflof . ~ ahfL
sfd cj}w lsl;dn] dfn;fdfgsf] lsga]r cflb ug]{ sfd t:sL wGbf . ~ a8xL gf) sfnf] e'; x
'g] Ps hftsf] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn . ~ an' gf) != kLknsf h:tf kft, kx]n F f k"mn,
xlof rqmfsf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] cltanf cfo'j]{bsf cg';f kf}li6s jLo{jw{s u'0f
f] To;}sf] kmn . ~ e6df; gf) lgSv sfnf] af]qmf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] e6df; . ~ d;fg gf) d;
fg3f6df x]sf] elgg] e"tk|]t d;fg] e"t . ~ df;L{ gf) sfnf] x'g] Ps hftsf] wfg jf To;s
} rfdn . ~ df; gf) af]qmf x'g], bfnsf nflu k|l;4 Ps hftsf] df; . ~ d'G6] gf) x]) s
fnLd'G6] . ~ df]x gf) klxn] ltAatL ;sfn] rnfPsf] d'b|f ef]6] df]x . ~ lzLif gf) uf9
f] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] lzLifsf] af]6 jf ;f]xL af]6sf] k"mn . ~ ;k{;fk gf) != cToGt
ljiffn', sfnf]
sf] ;k{ sfn;k{ . @= b'i6 dflg; vtgfs JolQm . ~ l;dL gf) sfnf u]8f x'g
l;dLsf] Ps hft . ~ l;;f} gf) sfnf] r'f] x'g] Ps hftsf] l;;f}sf] v s[i0flz+zkf . ~ x
n]bf] gf) ;'s]kl5 sfnf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf]
222

xn]bf] . sfNrLld;|L gf) [sfNkmLld;|L] c;n lsl;dsf] ld;|L sfNkmLld;|L . sfNr] gf) [s
fnr]k] \ != cK7]f] cj:yf v'Fu] . @= o'lQm pkfo h'lQm . sflN6sL gf) [sfnf]l6sf]] sfnf
Lsf . sfNtf]L gf) [sfnf]tf]L] sn]hL
sf] hf x'g], ;fwf0f tf]Lsf eGbf s]xL 7"nf kft
usf] tsfL vfOg] Ps hftsf] tf]L . sfNklgs lj) [;+)] !=sNkgf ulPsf] chdfo;L slNkt . @=
fj6L gSsnL . sfNkmLld;|L gf) [<ld;|L] x]) sfNrLld;|L . sfj gf) [df) sfj8 < k|f) sfj]
fljsxn] 7"n7"nf df5f dfg{ k|of]u ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] hfn jf kf;f] . sfjf gf) [kmf)] !=
j[Qfsf dfu{df lxF8\g] jf p8\g] sfo{ uf]nfsf j[Qsf] lxF8fO jf p8fg rSs vfg] sfd . @= 3
f]8fnfO{ ;wfpg jf kmt ufpg j[Qdf bf}8fpg] sfd . sfJo gf) [;+)] != ;flxTo (Jofks cy{
df) . @= sljtf (;"Id cy{df) d'Qms, :k'm6 sfJo, uLltsfJo, v08sfJo dxfsfJo . #= k|T
o]s r0fdf rf}aL; dfqf x'g] Ps dflqs 5Gb . ~ k'?if gf) ;flxlTos k'fsyfdf sfJonfO{ lb
OPsf] Ps dfgjfsf :jk hf] dflQFbf tx nufpg Ps sfJogfL (;dLIff)sf] ;[li6 ePsf] xf] eGg
] ls+jbGtL 5 . ~ k|jl [ Q gf) sljtf, dxfsfJo cflbdf rgfsfn] ljlzi6 lbzf jf dfu{tkm{
cu|; x'g b]vfPsf] cfGtls e'msfp s'g} j:t' jf ljrfk|lt x]sf] rgfsfsf] ljlzi6 p2]Zo j
[li6sf]0f sljsf] ljlzi6 ?lr . ln\u gf) jfSofy{ jf kbfy{kn] x]t' k|ltkfbg ubf{ x'g] P
s cyf{n\sf s'g} gofF cy{nfO{ af]w ufpg] Ps cyf{n\sf . ~ ;fwgf gf) sljtflbsf] l;h{gfs
glDt ;|i6fff ulPsf] cg'i7fg sljtflbsf] k"hf jf cffwgf . sfz gf) [;+)] != gbLgfnfsf 5]
5fpdf pd|g,] 3sf 5fgf 5fpg jf ufO{j:t'nfO{ v'jfpg k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] a'6] emf sfF
; (3fF;) . @= vf]sL . sflzsf gf) [;+)] hoflbTo jfdgfrfo{ff lrt kfl0fgLo Jofs0fsf] Ps
k|l;4 j[lQ jf 6Lsf . sfzL gf) [;+)] != pQeftdf u\ufsf] lsgfdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 guL jf
:yn agf; ;x jff0f;L lxGb"xsf ;ft df]Ifk'LdWo] Ps . lj) @= pHofnf] rxlsnf] fd|f] .
[;+)] sZdL b]z . sfZdLL lj) x]) sfl:d/L . ~ s]z gf) x]) sfl:d/L s]z/ .

223

sfZoklsr\g' hflt e'Oof vta] . sflxnL lj) [sflxFnf]O{] != hGd, gftf;DaGw jf c s'g} q
rf}yL (:qL) ;flxFnLkl5sL sfOFnL . gf) @= sflxFnf] 5f]f] jf efOsL kTgL . sflxnf] lj) [
;+) sgLofg\] ;flxFnf]eGbf kl5sf] hGdsf qmdn] rf}yf] (5f]f], efO cflb) sfOFnf] . ls ;
+of]) [;+) lsd\ ] != b'O{ s'f jf ljifodWo] s'g} Ps a'emfpg aLrdf k|of]u ulg] cJoo j
f cyjf (pbf) k9\5f} ls k9\bg } f} < ) . @= ld> jfSodf cfl>t pkjfSonfO{ hf]8g \ ] z
Ab . (pbf) ls ltdL hfpm ls dnfO{ hfg b]pm .) . lgkf) #= k|Zg jf ;Gb]x a'emfpFbf j
fSofGtdf k|of]u x'g] zAb (pbf) p;n] dnfO{ k9fpF5 ls < pm ToxfF 5}g ls <) . $= pgs
f] egfO 5 ls sljtfdf cg'kf | ; x'gk ' 5{ (c:t)) . ls+st{Joljd"9 lj) [;+)] lg0f{oz
lQmsf] cefjdf s'g} sfd ug{ s] uF, s;f] uF eO{ cndlnPsf] cfk"mn] ug{'kg]{ sfd jf st{
Joaf] 7x ug{ g;sL bf]wfdf k]sf] ge'Nndf k]sf] lanvaGb . ls+jbGtL gf) [;+)] != ;dfh
lv rNb} cfPsf s]xL cGwljZjf;;d]t ePsf 36gf, syf jf s'f hg>'lt . @= xNnf ckmjfx . ls
+jf ;+of]) [;+)] b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf j9L zAb, kbfjnL jf jfSof+znfO{ hf]8L s'g} PsnfO
{ a'emfpg j}slNks kdf k|oQ ' m x'g] cJoo jf cyjf . (pbf) 1fglj1fgsf If]qdf ;flxTo ls+
jf bz{gsf] 7"nf] dxj 5 .) ls+zs ' gf) [;+)] knfF;sf] v knfF;sf] k"mn . lspsfkmn gf)
lsDa'sfkmn] sfnf nfDrf bfgf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sfkmn . lssL gf) h'df | (afnaf]nLdf) .
lsSs lqm) lj) [c) d") lss\s] af8'nL nfu] jf 3fF6Lleq s'g} rLh c8\lsP Zjf;gnLdf jfwf
kL ljlrqsf] Wjlg lg:sg] uL . lslSnSs lj) [c) d") lslSns\s] 3fF6Ldf s'g} rLh c8\lsFbf
jf 3fF6L cF7fpFbf pmWj{jfo'sf] emf]Ssf lg:sg] uL x'g] zfLls k|ltlqmof . ls\s gf) [
rfs gf]s bf; ;]js e[To . ls\st{Joljd"9 lj) [;+)] x]) ls+st{Joljd"9 . ls\ls0fL gf)
3'Fu?bf cfe"if0f rfFk 3Funf If'b|3l06sf . @= sDdk]6L . ls\uL gf) != leIffj[lQ ePs
df a:g] Ps hflt . @= To; hfltn] ahfpg] Ps yL afhf . lsr\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) lsRrGt g'] !
= s'g} j:t'nfO{ ux'u F| f] kbfy{n] lyRg' YofRr kfg{' ldRg' . @= bdg ug{' bafpg' lhTg
' .

sfZok gf) [;+)] != Ps k|l;4 Clifsf] gfd . lj) @= sZoksf] j+z jf uf]qdf k}bf ePsf]
sZok;DaGwL . ~ uf]q gf) sfZok Clifsf] s'n jf j+zsf] klrofTds gfd clwsfL, l3ld], kfF8]
, a8fn, 7s'L, dfemL, yfkf, utf}{nf, af]s6L cflb y x'g]xsf] uf]q . sfiffo lj) [;+)] !
= u]? df FufOPsf] u]? sf] . gf) @= sk8f u]? sf] sk8f . #= 6f]{ :jfb . j:q gf)
fw';GGof;Lxn] nufpg] j:q . sfi7 gf) [;+)] != sf7 . @= bfpf OGwg . snf gf) sf7sf snf
j:t', d"lt{, ;hfj6sf ;fdfg cflb agfpg] sfd jf ;Lk . s's"6 gf) nfxfFr] rf] sf7kmf]?j
rf] . kq gf) != sf7sf] kmNofs s7kq . @= clen]vsf kdf x]sf] sf7sf] kftf] . k'Qlnsf
!= s7k'tnL sf7sf] k|ltdf . @= 3sf] ;f]nLaf6 bfgf v;fNgsf nflu ;f]nLsf] 8'8 F df a
fFlwPsf] sf7sf] 7]psf] jf k'tnL . d08k gf) != sf7sf] d08k . @= xg'dfg\9f]sfg] czf]
sljgfossf] ;fd'Gg] l:yt Pp6} vsf sf7af6 tof klfPsf] elgg] k|l;4 3 . #= sf7df8f}F . s
fi7f gf) [;+)] != k"j,{ klZrd cflb lbzf . @= clGtd ;Ldf jf xb (kfsfi7f) . #= cGtlIf
df afbn jfo'sf] dfu{ . $= c7f knfsf] ;dosf] dfk . %= cf7 dfgf . ^= Ps lj3fsf] !@)
efu cyf{t\ Ps s6\7f . sfi7flb gf) [;+)] hLa'6LnfO{ lkFw ] w"nf] agfOPsf] cfo'jl{] b
s cf}ifwL . sf; gf) [;+)] != vf]sL . @= ;lhjgsf] v . #= sfF; t[0f . sf;L ao gf) [sfz
L ao] nfDrf u]8f kmNg] vNnf] u'lnof] :jfbsf] Ps hftsf] ao . sf:sL gf) != g] k fn clwfH
osf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qcGtu{t u08sL c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . @= dWosfnsf] rf}aL;]
fHodWo] Ps . sfl:6s lj) [c\)] != f;folgs k|lqmofff tGt'xnfO{ hnfpg] jf gi6 kfg]{ I
s . gf) @= hnfpg] jf gi6 ug]{ kbfy{ jf j:t' . ~ ;f]8f gf) Ps k|sfsf] ;f]8f . sfl:6
d]l;g gf) [c\)] d'b0 | fsnfdf df]gf]6fOk agfpg] jf 9fNg] oGqljz]if . sfxf gf) [g]jf
)] kf]\uf k}FtfeGbf s]xL nfdf], k'ms] ahfOg], tfdfsf] Ps lsl;dsf] 9'\u|] afhf . sfl
:dL lj) [ sfZdL O{ ] sfZdLsf afl;Gbf sfZdL;DaGwL . ~ s]z gf) != dl;gf nfdfnfdf kft
f] s]z ePsf], ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], n;'gsf h:tf kf]6L x'g] Ps a'6L . @= To;}sf] k"mns
f] af:gfbf s]z s'\s'd . sfxf gf) g]kfnsf] tfOnL d"nsf 3tL{ 8f]nL af]Sg] Ps

lsrsGgLlsQf lsrsGgL gf) [;+) s[TofsGof] k}tnf k5fl8kl kmls{Psf] lk7"F vf]qmf] x'g] s
lNkt ;'GbL :qLsf kdf xg] Ps k|]tof]lg cultdf k]sf :qLxsf] k|]tfTdf . lsrsfr lqm) lj
d") lsr\ c (l))] ;Unf] j:t'nfO{ lslrldrL kf] laufg]{ sfd lsRg] lyRg] sfd lsrldr ly
. lsrlsr gf) [c) d") lsr\ c (l))] != emsf]{ nfUg] uL s'f ug]{ :jefj lbSs nfUg] uL ul
s'g} s'f srsr ugug . lqm) lj) @= emsf]{ nfUg] uL ;tfpg] lsl;dn] . lsrldr gf) [lsr\ ld
lsRg] ldRg] sfd lyrldr lsrsfr . lsrfO gf) [ lsr\ (cfO)] lsRg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ >
lsrfOg' s) lqm) lsRg nfOg' lyrfOg' . lsrfpg' k|) ] lqm) lsRg nfpg' lyrfpg' . lsrfls
r gf) [lsr\cflsr\] k:kdf jf wdfwd lsRg] sfd lyrflyr ldrfldr 7]nd7]n . lsrf3fg gf)
] eL8ef8df 7]lng], n8\g] lslrg] sfd jf l:ylt lyrf]ldrf] . lslrg' s) lqm) [lsr\Og'] l
sRg] sfd ulg' lylrg' ldlrg' . lslrlkrLlslrldrL gf) [lsr\lkRrldr\ ] != lsRg] ldRg]
rldr . @= lunf] kbfy{nfO{ a];L df8\g] sfd luhf]Ng] sfd . #= 3fp vl6f cflbdf hd]sf]
kLk k'm6] 5fNnAofNn x'g] sfd . $= c:ki6 kmf]xf] vfnsf] n]vfO . lslrlklrlslrldlr
lkrLlslrldrL] x]) lslrldrL . lsRr lqm) lj) [c) d") lsr\r] s'g} sf0fn] jf :jefj}n] yf
]} xfF:g] uL d':s'fpg] lsl;dn] . > lsRrs lj) s'g} sf0f jf k|of]hgljgf g} lsRrlsRr xf
g] . lslRrg' c) lqm) [lsRr O g'] lslrg' lylrg' . > lsRRofO gf) lslRrg] sfd, efj jf cj:y
. lsRRofOg' s) lqm) lsRofpg] sfd ul/g' luHofpg' . lsRRofpg' k|]) lqm) lslRrg nfpg'
. lsRRofx6 gf) lslRrg] sfd lsRRofO . lshft gf) [;+) s'hft] lslof xfNbf k|of]u ulg] z
Ab s'hft . lsl~rt\ lj) [;+)] != yf]} cNkzM clnslt Oift\ s]xL dgfs\ . lqm) lj) @= cln
klg yf]} klg s]xL klg . ls~hNs gf) [;+)] != sdnsf] s]; (pbf) d}n] GjfpgnfO z}nt6df 5
\ b"wsf kf]vL . 6NsG5g\ hndf hxfF ls0fsf ls~hNs ]vf kL . dfwj l3ld] .) . @= gfus];
j) #= s];sf] h:tf] kx]Fnf] .
224

ls6\g'! ;) lqm) [ls6ls6 g'] l;, cfj]u jf tLj| c;Gtf]ifsf efjgfn] tndflysf bfFt u8\g' b
Ft u8] ls{ls{ cfjfh lgsfNg' . (pbf)l;sf] emf]sdf xln] bfFt ls6f]) . ls6\g'@ ;) l
s g'] != s'g} sfds'fsf af]df oxL g} xf] eg] 6'\uf] nfpg' o:t} xf] eg] tf]Sg' . @= lg
g{' tf]Sg' . #= dof{bf lglZrt ug{' . ls6 gf) [;+) ls] wft' vfbf{ lgl:sPsf] s; jf s; l
s . ls6fO gf) [ ls6\ -cfO)] != emf]sn] tndflysf bfFt u8\g] sfd jf k|lqmof . @= s'g} s
fds'fsf af]df tf]Sg] jf lgwf] ug]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] ls6fOg' s) lqm) != emf]sn]
bfx|f ls6\g nfOg' . @= s'g} sfds'f] tf]Sg nfOg' . ls6fpg' k|]) lqm) != emf]sn] bfx
|f ls6\g nfpg' . @= lgwf] ufpg' tf]Sg nfpg' . ls6fg gf) [ls6\cfg] s'g} sfds'fsf af]df
oxL g} xf] egL ls6\g] jf tf]Sg] sfd lgZro lgwf] . > ls6fgL gf) lgZro;fy elgPsf] s'f]
tf]lsPsf] s'f] . ls6'jf lj) [ls6\pjf] != lgZro jf lgwf] ulPsf] tf]lsPsf] (sfd jf s'f]
. @= ls6fg ug]{ tf]Sg] (JolQm) . ls! gf) [;+)] != y]lu|P x]sf] kbfy{ lyu|g ] L . @=
mnfd cflbsf] d}n sL6 . #= dn lji7f . ls@ lqm) lj) [c) d") ls6\6] ls6\ cfjfh cfpg] uL
(pbf) p;n] bfFt ls ls6f] .) lsL gf) rf hgf a;] k|foM gf}gf} kQL tf;df k|To]sdf tLg
L ldnfP Ps csf]{nfO{ lhTb} afhLdfy ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] tf;sf] v]n . ls6\gL gf) [c\) ls8\
gL] d"qfzo . lstfk gf) [c) lstfa] x]) lstfa . > lstfkL lj) lstfaL . lstfa gf) [c)]
d'lb|t ulPsf] jf n]lvPsf] ;'lIft t'Nofpg Psfkl wfuf] jf tfn] afFwL k|foM afSnf] aln
f] uftf;d]t nufOPsf] kq}kq sfutsf] ;d"x jf 7]nL k':ts kf]:ts kf]yL lstfk u|Gy . vfgf
f) != lstfax fVg] 7fpF k':tse08f . @= h\uL, lghfdtL cflb sd{rfLxsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf,
, vf];'jf cflb;DaGwL ]s8{ fVg] c8\8f . ~ btf{ gf) sd{rfL kbsf] axfnL ePkl5 lstfavfgf
df ]s8{ ulg] sfd . lstfaL lj) [lstfa O{] != lstfa;DaGwL . @= sd{rfLxsf] ]s8{ elPsf]
sf] sfd ug]{ . #= JojxfOt (lstfaL 1fg) . ~ lsf] gf) k':ts dfq cWoog ug]{ JolQm . ~ ;j
fn gf) ;|]:tf c8\8fnfO{ ePsf] ;jfn . (;f] vf]h eO{ kl5 d'n'sL ;jfn ag]sf] xf] .) lsQ
f gf) [c) lstf] != >]0fL tx sIff bhf{ cf]xbf . @=

225

lsTnLlsDk'?if a']bf km] ePsf] lsgffjfn lsgf] . jfn lj) lsgffbf lsgff ePsf] .
Psf] lsgffjfn . lslgg' s) lqm) [lsg\ O g'] lsGg] sfd ulg' vlb ulg' a];fOg' . lslgof
fsfsf] Ps b]z . ~ g gf) cZdLe"t cl:ycjz]ifsf kdf lslgofdf kfOPsf] dfgjh:tf] b]lvg] gj
fg fdjfgsf] xfn;Dd kfOPsf cZdLe"t kdWo] ;a}eGbf k|frLg k . ~ dfgj gf) lslgofg . ~
slgofg . lsg'jf lj) [lsg\ pjf] != lslgPsf] vlb ulPsf] . @= k};f lt] lnOPsf] . lsGt'
[;+)] t kGt' clkt' . lsGg gf) [;+)] != k'f0fcg';f dflg;sf] h:tf] d'v 3f]8fsf] h:t
dflg;sf] h:tf] zL 3f]8fsf] h:tf] d'v x'g], b]jtfxsf kjf]{T;jxdf ufgahfg ug]{ Ps b]jo
f]lg lsDk'?if cZjd'v . lj) @= clt fd|f] ;'Gb . > lsGgL gf) != lsGghftsL :qL . @= Ps
f] jL0ff . lj) #= ;'GbL Hofb} fd|L . lsGg] lj) [lsg\ g]] vlb ug]{ ufxsL qm]tf . ~ a]
) lsGg] a]Rg] vlblaqmL ug]{ ufxsL a]kfL qm]tf ljqm]tf . lsk gf) [sLk < c) sLkm]
fldsf hfltsf] Ps lsl;dsf] cldnf] kmn . lsk6 gf) s]xL k"j{sf ztfAbLxdf w]} Onfsfdf k|
rlnt eP klg e"ld;'wf cfDe x'g] ;dodf eg] k"jL{ g]kfnsf dfem lsfFt tyf kNnf] lsfFtdf
dfq k|rlnt fO{ lnDa"xnfO{ nfndf]x u] lbOPsf] slxNo} fhLgfdf x'g g;Sg] cyjf h;sf gfdd
f] hUuf n]lvPsf] 5 p;}sf ;Gtfgb;Gtfgn] ef]urng ug'{kg]{ hUuf . > lskl6of gf) lsk6 h
Uuf kfpg] JolQm . lskmfot gf) [c)] != k'ofP jf sd u] vr{ ug]{ sfd kmff] ldtJolotf .
rt arfp . #= sd d"No ;:tf] bfd . > lskmfotL lj) != lskmfot ug]{ sd vrf{n' ldtJooL . @
= sd d"Nosf] ;:tf] . lsd\ lqm) lj) [;+)] != s] sf0fn] lsg . @= s'g s] . lsdf gf) [c)
Ldf] dl;gf 6'qmf kfL sfl6Psf] df;' jf To;L sf6] agfOPsf] df;'sf] klsf . lsdfd gf) [c)
lsjfd] ;'tL{, clkmd cflbsf] ;df ;'ulGwt kbfy{ xfnL ksfP hdfOPsf] ; jf n]bf] . lsdfy
{ lqm) lj) [;+)] s;} u] klg s]xL u] klg s'g} l:ylt jf cj:yfdf klg lgZro g} k6Ss} .
'?if gf) [;+)] != x]) lsGg . @= k'f0fcg';f lxdfno

6'qmf v08 . #= yfg uf]6f . $= lsl;d hft ju{ hflt . sf6 gf) s'g} lsQfsf] hUufdWo]af6
rlavg ubf{ jf efu 5'6fpFbf gfkL cfn] lnvt tyf gfkgS;fcg';f klxn]sf] lsQf kmf]L 5'f5'}
lsQf sfod ullbg] sfd lsQfkmf]8 . kmf]8 gf) lsQfsf6 . lsTnL gf) [c\) ls6n] kfgL pdfNg
jf ksfpg], lasf]{ ;df}6f];d]t ePsf] efF8f] lrofbfgL . lsy|f] gf) != lsnlsn] . @=
sL6kt\uflb ju{sf] Ps hflt (km6f\uf | ] O)) . lsg\g' ;) lqm) [;+) qmL > lsg\ g'] df]n
'g} dfn lng' jf cfgf] xsdf kfg{' a];fpg' vlb\g' . lsg lqm) lj) [;+) lsdy{d] \ s'g} sf
d jf ljifosf] sf0f ;f]4f k|of]u ulg] zAb s'g x]t'n] jf s] p2]Zon] < s] sf0fn] < ~ ls
g cJo) yfxf gePsf] sf0faf] lj:dok"js { elgg] zAb ;+zo, clgR5f jf c?lr hgfpg] zAb . (
pbf) lsglsg cfh dnfO{ k9\g ghfpFmh:tf] eOx]5 .) lsgvfa gf) [kmf) sdVjfj] ;'grfFbLsf
aQ'n] a'f sfl9Psf] emnemnfpFbf] ];dL sk8f ax'd"No ];dL sk8f . lsga]r gf) [lsg\ a]r\] l
Gg] a]Rg] sfd vlblaqmL a]rlavg qmoljqmo . lsgd]n gf) [lsg\ d]nf]] dfn;fdfgx lsGg]
]{ sfd ahfdf uP df]n ltL cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] ;fdfg lng] sfd . lsgfO gf) [ lsg\ (cfO)] l
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof vlb . [ > ] lsgfOg' s) lqm) lsGg nfOg' vlb ufOg' . lsgfpg' k
lqm) lsGg nfpg' vlb ufpg' . lsgfdf gf) [ln)] e6df; pl;g] vfgLdf d'5L w]} lbg;Dd u'D
P flvPsf] vfB kbfy{ . (fO{lnDa"xdf of] vfB kbfy{ lgs} k|rlnt 5 .) lsgf gf) [kmf)] !=
g} j:t'sf] ndfO jf uhklsf] clGtd 5]p ] lsgff kfL . @= gbL, tnfp cflbsf jflkflsf] hU
6 tL . #= 5]p5fp kfZj{ . bf lj) lsgf jf kfL ePsf] lsgffjfn lsgf] (wf]tL, ;fL
[kmf) lsgf] != s'g} j:t'sf] ndfO jf uhtkm{sf] kl5Nnf] 5]p wf]tL jf cGo gl;Psf sk8
fsf] ndfOsf] tndflysf] km]f] lsgf . @= gbL, tnfp jf hnfzosf] tL t6 . #= cf;kf;sf] 7fp
F 5]p5fp kfZj{ . $= wf]tL, rfb, k5f}f cflb sk8fdf leGg a'gf]6sf] jf cnu sf] nfdf] km
%= sk8fsf] 5]p5fpdf x'g] ljz]if vfnsf] a'f lvsf . ^= b'lawf ePsf] s'g} sfds'fdf nuf
OPsf] 6'u \ f] lgwf] lg0f{o ObldTy . (pbf) cbfntn] d'2fsf] lsgff nufO;Sof]) . bf
fsf] 5]p5fpdf ljz]if lsl;dn] FufPsf] jf a'g]sf] a'f jf lsgff ePsf]

lsDa'lsL6 x]ds"6 kj{tsf aLrdf x]sf] pQm hflt xg] 7fpF . lsDa' gf) vLsf] h:tf] nfDrf
t x'g], d~hLh:tf] eP dl;gf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg], lkKnfsf cfsfsf] ;]tf, xlof jf KofhL \u
f kmn kmNg] Ps v jf To;}sf] kmn lsDd' . lsDdt gf) [c) sLdt] != s'g} dfnsf] d"No bfd d
f]n . @= dxj . #= k'?iffy{ cfZro{hgs sfd . > lsDdtL lj) != w]} df]n kg]{ d"Nojfg\ bfd
. @= dxjk"0f{ dxfg\ . #= k|z; + gLo tflkmnfUbf] . lsDd' gf)x]) lsDa' . lsls6L gf) [;
s[lQsf] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] t];f |r ] flxF tyf ^ j6f tffxsf] k'~h xg] gIfq lsls{6L s[lQsf
gIfq . lsls lqm) lj) [c) d") ls\ c (l))] dl;gf 9'u \ f, afn'jf cflb j:t' vfgfdf ldl;P
tdf nfUg] uL s'g} s8f j:t';u F ul8Fbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . > lslsL lqm) lj) != dl;gf
9'\uf, afn'jf cflb cfFvfdf laemfpg] jf bfFtdf nfUg] uL . gf) @= tsfL, vfgf cflbdf l
dl;Psf ;;fgf u]u jf afn'jf . lsls] gf) efFlrPsf] xf8sf] 6'Kkf 3f]l6Fbf cfpg] cfjfh .
ls0f gf) [;+)] k|sfzdo k'~h (;"o,{ rGb|, aQL O))af6 lgl:sPsf] rlDsnf] j:t'sf] ldlx
g ]vf rlDsnf j:t'af6 rf}lt lkmFlhg] pHofnf] ]vf Hof]lt lZd k|ef sflGt t]h . s]
~ s]Gb| gf) ;dfgfGt kn] cfOx]sf] ls0fnfO{ Psq kflPsf] :yfg . ~ lrq gf) s'g} k|sfzk'
fO{ w]} If0f;Dd nuftf x]] cGt x]bf{ cfFvf clulNt b]lvg] ftf]kx]Fnf] ls0f jf \uLla
dfnL gf) ;"o{ . lsG6f]sL lj) != rflxg] vr{ klg guL k};f ;fFr ] fVg] sGh'; dSvLr';
OofF 5'Rrf] . @= lemFufsf] af];f] sf9\g] nf]eL . lsld lqm) lj) [c) d") ls\ (l))] cIf
vfO cflb af\uf]l6\uf] x'g] rfn wsf{wsL{ . lsld] lj) [lsld P] lsld ePsf] ls/ld/ n
L{ k]sf] . ~ xfF; gf) ;]tf cfFvf x'g] wsf{wsL{ k]sf] ;;fgf] vfnsf] xfF; . lsft gf)
) lsft] != k"jL{ g]kfndf kg]{ dfem lsfFt tyf kNnf] lsfFtsf gfdn] k|l;4 Ps k|b]z ls/f
t . @= pQm k|b]zdf a;f]af; ug]{ k|frLg Ps hflt fO{lnDa" . #= lxdjt\v08df plNnlvt, l
;sfaf6 hLljsf rnfpg] cflbd kxf8L hflt . :qL) lsfFltgL . $= k|frLg g]kfndf zf;g ug]
{ Ps fhj+z . klt gf) != lsfFtsf xf\u jf fhf . @= lzj . lsftL lj) [lsfFtO{ ] !=
sfFtk|b]zsf] lsfFtj+zsf] ls/ft . gf) @= lsfFtk|b]zdf a;f]af; ug]{
226

Ps hflt . ~ pv' kx]Fnf] sf] Ps hftsf] pv' sfGtf . ~ la; gf) lrG8]sf h:tf] cfsfsf] xN
xlof] kft ftf] e]6\g' x'g], ufO{a:t'nfO{ 3fF; v'jfOg] Ps v . lsft gf) [;+)] x]) ls/f
t . klt gf) ls/fFtklt . > ls/ftL lj)gf) ls/fFtL . lsfgf gf) b}lgs pkef]u cfjZostfs
l;gf vfB j:t' (g'g, t]n, l3p, vf];f{gL, a];f cflb dd;nf) lvr|Lldr|L vofsv'q's . ~ k;n
gf) lsfgf ;fdfg lsGg kfOg] 7fpF . lsfgL gf) sflGbf . lsf km6f\u|f gf) [sLf] km6f
3;|] lxF8\g] p8\g] ;;fgf hLjxsf] ;d"x sL6kt\u . lsfof gf) [c) lsfo] 3, hldg, ;jf
lb pkof]u u]afkt lgwf{lt ;dodf lbOg] tf]lsPsf] sd x]) ef8f axfn . bf lj) lsfofdf
f c s'g} klg dfndQf lng] -JolQm_ lsfofdf a:g] ef8fjfn . > lsfo]bf lj) lsfofbf ef8
lslsls lqm) lj) [c) d") lsls\ c (l))] != bfFtdf w"nf], afn'jf cflb nfUg] uL . @= ;;fg
fFuflaFuf efFlrg] uL . lsllsL lqm) lj) [c) d") ls\ O (l))] a];L lsls x'g] lsl;dn] .
[c) d") lsl\ c (l))] != lglZrt cfsf gePsf] 6]9f]d]9f] . lqm) lj) @= l56f]l56f] jf dgk
u gfd|f] cIf n]Vg] lsl;dn] lslldL . lslr gf) 6'Kkf]n] 3f]r ] k|xf ug]{ tafh:tf]
;f]emf] xltof . lsl6L lj) != lsL6 wf0f ug]{ d's'6 nufpg] . gf) @= fhf . #= OGb| . $
h{'g . lslldL lqm) lj) [c) d") ls\ O (l))] :ki6 ;kmf geO{ cJojl:yt kdf sfs] uL
[;+) lqmof] != s'g} sfd jf st{Jo ug]{ jf gug]{ s'fsf] dGh'L zky k|lt1f . @= d[tssf p
2]Zon] d]sf lbgb]lv t]x| lbg;Dd ulg] >f4 cflb kfnf}lss sd{ . sfi7f gf) != cGTo]li6 l
qmof . @= 7"nf] zky . k'qL gf) lslof ug]{ 5f]f] jf ;f];xsf] s'g} JolQm . ~ labf gf)
]jf;DaGwL lgodfjnLdf pNn]v ePcg';f cfdf afa' cflbsf] d[To' x'Fbf ;sfL, cw{;sfL jf u}x
;sfL ;]jfdf x]sf sd{rfL, kbflwsfL cflbn] kfpg] kGw| lbg;Ddsf] labf . lsL gf) [ sLL
(afnaf]nLdf) . lsL6 gf) [;+)] lzdf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] cfe"if0f d's'6 >Lk]r lzk]r r

227

ls?jfls:t ;
\lIfKt k . ~ u|fd gf) Ps xhf u|fdafasf] tf}n jf flzsf] PsfO . ~ ld6 gf
yf{t\ Ps dfOnsf] %* efu afasf] gfkf] . ~ jf6 gf) Ps xhf jf6afasf] ljB't\zlQmsf] Psf
snf]@ gf) [;+) sLn] != s';L{, 6]a'n cflb agfpFbf sf7sf 6'qmfnfO{ xtf}8Ln] xfg] hf]
8\g jf leQf cflbdf s'g} j:t' e'mG8fpg v'6Lsf kdf ;d]t k|of]u ulg], Ps 5]p df]l8Psf]
csf]{ 5]p ltvflPsf], kmnfd, sf7 cflbsf] nfDrf] sfF6f . @= ;'Of] . #= hldg, leQf c
flbdf 7f]s] jf uf8] a:t'efp afFlwg] sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] nfDrf] 6'qmf] . lsNnf gf) [c
) lsnf] != ;fdls k|ltIffsf lgldQ rf}ltaf6 3]L ;'lIft t'NofOPsf] 7fpF jf 3 u9L u9
f]6 . @= l;dfgf ;fFw . aGbL gf) != lsNnf agfpg] sfd Jo"xrgf . @= a'l4rfnsf] v]ndf af
zfxnfO{ ls:t gnfUg] uL flvg] uf]6L . lsNnL gf) [;+) sLns] != pkfo o'lQm . @= rnfsL a7
OF . #= bfpk]r . lszno gf) [;+)] != af]6la?jfaf6 ev{} knfPsf] slnNff] kft kfn'jf kNn
j . @= sf]lknf . #= d'gf c\s' . lszf] gf) [;+)] != kGw| jif{eGbf sd P3f jif{eGbf a9
d]sf] s]6f] cjo:s gfafns . @= 3f]8fsf] aRrf] a5]8f] . #= 5f]f] k'q . $= afn;"o{ . lj)
%= P3f jif{b]lv kGw| jif{leqsf] -s]6f]_ . > lszf]L gf) != P3f jif{b]lv kGw| jif{;Dds
L aflnsf . lj) @= To; pd]sL (s]6L) . lslisGwf gf) [;+)] blIf0fL eftsf] lslisGw gfds b
]zsf] fhwfgL . ls;ld; gf) [kmf) lszldz] k|foM aLh gx'g] ;'s]sf] dL7f] bfv ;fgf] bfv
. ls;fg gf) v]tLkftLsf] sfd u] hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm v]tLjfn s[ifs s[lifhLjL df6Lsf]
luL gf) ls;fgsf] sfd jf k];f ls;fgL . ;\u7g gf) ls;fgxsf] enfOsf lglDt jf b]zsf] l
;df ls;fgxnfO{ ;+nUg ufpg] ;\ul7t ;+:yf . ls;fgL gf) [ls;fg O{] ls;fgsf] sfd jf k];f s
lif sf]Ldf6L ls;fgluL . ~ C0f gf) s[lif;DaGwL cf}hf lsGgsf lglDt jf v]tL;DaGwL sfdsf
glDt ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lbOg] ;fk6 . lsl;d gf) [c) ls:d] Ps yLsf j:t', u'0f, sfo{, l
jrf cflbnfO{ csf{ yLsf] t'ngfdf leGg 7xofpg] tj k|sf 9fFrf sfObf tlsf k|0ffnL r
d|f] cfsif{s sfObfsf] vf;f . ls:t gf) [c)] != a'l4rfnk|ltof]lutfdf ljkIfL uf]6Ln] afb
zfxnfO{ kf]sf] c;'lIft cj:yf jf nv]6fO . @= ls:tf .

ls?jf gf) [sLf] pmjf] sLf] (af3)sf] df;' vfg]xnfO{ lgGbf jf x]nf ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb
. ls] gf) [sLf] P] x]) ls?jf . lsf] gf) [;+) sL6] != xf8 gx'g] ;;fgf sL6 (sldnf, p8';,
h'd|f, dfs'f O)) . @= af3 . lsls{6L gf)x]) ls/ls6L . lsls{n gf) l;ofFnf] hUufdf kfO
g] sGbd"nljz]if . { gf) pv'sf] luF8 . lssL{ gf) pv' . > lssf] lssf}n { ] lj) [lssf}
n F{ f]P] lssf}n F{ fh:tf] lssf{n F} fsf 9fFrfsf] . lssf}{nf] gf) [lslscsf}{Fnf]] bf
f cGgxsf leq x'g] ;fdfGo u]8feGbf ;fgf], ;fx|f] gkfSg] lsl;dsf] bfgf rf] u]8f] . lsy
f] { gf) km6]
\u|fh:tf] ;fgf] Ps k|sfsf] sLf] . lst] { lj) [;+) s[To] s[lqd agfj6L e'
7f] gSsnL hfn;fhL sLQ]{ (sfutkq, sfds'f] O)) . ~ ;fIfL gf) e'm6\7f] ;fIfL ldYof ujfx
lsg{' gf) [sLf]g'] ufO{a:t'sf zLdf nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] 8Nnf] sLf] . lsnlsl~rt\ gf) [;
+of]u f[
\ufcGtu{t Hofb} lk|o j:t' k|fKt x'Fbfsf] xif{af6 gflosfdf pTkGg x'g] d':s'fx
6 tyf xfF;f], ?bg, 8, qmf]w, e|d cflbsf] ljlrq ld>0f gflosfn] Ps;fy cg]s lsl;dsf e
fj k|s6 ug]{ :jfefljs xfpefj . lsnlsn] gf) [;+) lsnlsn] lha|fsf] kl5Nnf] efudf e'
mlG8Psf] sf]dn tfn'sf] ;fgf] df+;n v08 ?b|306L lnulnu] . lsnf; gf) [lsNnf] b'O{ 3 Ps
};fy hf]l8Psf] uff] jf ;fFw b'O{ 3sf] Ps ;lGw:yn . sf] uff] gf) ;fFwsf] 3;Fu} hf]l8
] uff] . lslnslslns lqm) lj) [c) d") lslns\c (l))] kfgL jf s' g } emf] n kbfy{ pF e
f] 3fF 6 L nufO{ lgNg] uL lslSnslslSns . lslnk gf) [c
\) lSnk] != skfn ldnfpg, tx nfp
g jf l;Fufg{ :jf:gLdflg;n] lzdf nufpg] Knfl:6s, wft' cflbsf j:t' lrD6L sfF6f . @= s
fuhkq cflb RofKg k|of]u ulg] Ps ;fwg r]k'jf . lsnf gf) [sLnf]sf] lt) )] x]) sLnf] .
sf6f gf) hf]g{] ufF:g] sfddf k|of]u ulg] sLnf jf o:t} cGo ;;fdfg . lsn] hf]gL{ gf) [
snf]hf]gL{] xft, v'f cflbsf x8\8Lx rnfpg x'g] uL vlK6Psf] hf]gL{ sLnfem}F u] hf]l8Ps
xLsf] hf]gL{ . lsnf]! gf) [c
\)] != xhf ;
\Vofsf] ;dli6 k . @= Ps xhf u|fdafasf] gfk
u|fd . #= lsnf]ld6sf]

ls:tfs'8\g' ls:tf gf) [c) ls:t] != oltolt ;do u'lh|Pkl5 olt olt dfqf jf cg'kftdf lng]
jf lbg] egL klxn] g} lgwf{lt ulPsf dfqf jf cg'kftxdWo] s'g} Ps ls:t . @= dlxgf e'Stf
g ePkl5 sd{rfLnfO{ lbOg] tna dlxgfjfL . aGbL gf) != ls:tf a'emfpg] sfd jf Joj:yf k6s
6s uL tf]lsPsf] sd jf j:t' a'emfpg] sfd . @= ls:tfsf] lglZrt sd tyf ;dolgwf{0f ubf{sf
] ;Ldf . ~ tnaL gf) k6sk6s u] kfOg] tnadf sfd ug]{ dGh'L To;L sfd u]afkt k6sk6s u]
na . ls:tL gf) [kmf) sZtL] != ;hfOg] jf pkxf lbOg] rLhaLh flvg] la6jfn, y]Krf] rfkf6
] jf uf]nfsf sf7 jf wft'sf] efF8f] . @= Ps k|sfsf] 8'\uf jf gfp . #= ;f]emf] dfq rN
g] a'l4rfnsf] Ps uf]6L . ls:dt gf) [c)] != efUo k|fAw . @= d]xgt kl>d . #= o'lQm rft'
{ . > ls:dtL lj) != efUodfgL . @= kl>dL d]xgtL . #= rt' h'lQm hfGg] . ls:;f gf) [c) l
:;] syf jf sxfgLeGbf lj:t[t cfsfsf] cg]s 36gfsf] ;+of]hg x'g,] dgf]~hgsf lgldQ n]l
vPsf] syfTds s[lt (ls:;f tf]tfd}gf, ls:;f a]tfnkRrL;L O)) . sLrs gf) [;+)] != ljf6 fh
fsf] ;]gfklt tyf ;fnf] . @= vf]qmf] afF; xfjf hf]8n] rNbf cfjfh lgsfNg] afF; . #=
Ps hfltsf] gfd . ~ jw gf) != ;}Gw|Lsf] e]ifdf /x]sL b|fk } bLsf] ;tLTj n'6\g] w[i
6tf ubf{ eLdff ePsf] sLrssf] xTof . sL6! gf) x]) ls6 . sL6@ gf) [;+)] sLf], s[ld . g
zs lj) sLf dfg]{ jf gfz ug]{ . ~ kt\u gf) hldgdf lxF8\g] jf p8\g] sldnf], dfs'f], lem
Fuf], km6f\u|f] cflb ;;fgf sLfsf] ;d"x sLfkm6f\u|f . ~ lj1fg gf) sLfxsf af]df zf
0f{g tyf ljj]rgf ulPsf] ljBf jf zf:q . sL6f0f' gf) [;+)] f]u pGkGg ug]{ ;"IdbzL{ ;h
Lj j:t' . ~ gfzs lj) sL6f0f'xnfO{ dfg]{ jf gfz ug]{ . sL6fxfL gf) [;+)] sLf vfg] Ps y
la?jf k"0f{snz . sLdt gf) [c) sLdt] x]) lsDdt . > sLdtL lj) x]) lsDdtL . sLfkm6f\u|
) x]) ls/f km6\of\u|f . sLL gf) x]) lsL . sLf] gf) x]) ls/f] . sL0f{ lj) [;+)] != 5l
km}lnPsf] fFlsPsf] . @= 9flsPsf] elPsf] . #= flvPsf] x]sf] . $= rf]6 k]sf] . sLt{g
)] != csf u'0f, oz cflbsf] j0f{g u'0ffg'j0f{g u'0fufg . @= b]jb]jtfsf] gfd tyf ozsf
] ljz]iftM ufpFb} ahfpFb} ulg] :t'lt ehg xlsLt{g . > sLt{lgof lj)
228

sLt{g ug]{ ehg ug]{ . sLlt{ gf) [;+)] != c;n tyf 7"nf] sfd axfb'L cflbaf6 k|fKt x'g
] w]} ;do;Dd l6lsxg] ;'gfd jf k|l;l4 Voflt h; g]sgfdL . @= k|z+;f . #= k'0o . k'
7df8f}s F f] blIf0fklZrdkl s]xL cUnf] efudf x]sf] k|l;4 :yn . ~ dfg\dfg lj) != sLlt{o
Q ' m k|l;4 . gf) @= k|ltof]lutfdf s'g} v]nf8L, pDd]bjf cflbn] :yflkt u]sf] ;jf]R {
r ;Ldf . zfnL lj) sLlt{dfg\ . z]if lj) != sLlt{ z]if xg uPsf] d[t . gf) @= d[To'
. ~ :tDe gf) s'g} JolQmsf] :d0fdf p;sf] gfdaf6 v8f ulPsf] :tDe (eLd;]g:tDe, czf]s:t
De O)) . sLQ] { lj)x]) lst]{ . ~ ;fIfL gf) lst]{;fIfL . sLn gf) [;+)] != kmnfd jf s
f7sf] sLnf] . @= vDaf :tDe . #= lau|] jf d] kf7]3df c8\s]sf] ue{ . sLns gf) [;+)] !=
Ln sLnf] . @= csf{n] k|of]u u]sf] dGqzlQmnfO{ lgliqmo kfg]{ dGq . sLnfIf gf) [;+)] ;
'd ] , Ofg cflb b]zdf cfcfg} lsl;dn] k|frLg sfndf k|rlnt af0ffsf lnlk af0fd'v lnlk .
sLnLs0f gf) [;+)] != k'ftjsf cg';f, pTvgg ulg] 7fpFdf sLnf 7f]Sg] sfd . @= sLnf 7f]Sg
lqmof . s'! k") ;) [;+)] gfdkbsf] cl3lNt hf]l8P, vfa, x|f;, cjd"Nog, cg'lrt, kfk, c
z'e, cefj O) efj ;\st ] ug]{ pk;u{ (s'kfq, s'sd{, s'b[li6, s'k, s'a]nf O)) . s'@ gf
) [c) d")] tflnd lbg]n] afO{sf] sfgdf a]nfavt pRrf0f ug]{ zAb . ~ v'jfpg' 6') afO{sf
] sfgdf s' zAb pRrf0f ug{' . s'# gf) [c\)] ;}lgs ljb|fx ] . s'r gf) [t') s"r] != ;]
gfn] cg'zf;gk"js { tfn ldnfP lxF8g \ ] sfd kN6gn] ug]{ dfr{ s"r . @= l56f] rfnsf] l
xF8fO bf}8fO . #= efUg] sfd . s'lhg' c) lqm) [s"h F f] O g'] s"Fhf] x'g' f]uflbsf sf
tuf]8f v'lDrg' . > s'H F ofO gf) s'H F ofpg] s'lF hg] lqmof jf efj . s'H ofOg' s)
lqm) s'Flhg] kflg' . s'H ofpg' k|) ] lqm) s"Fhf] kfg{' xftuf]8f grNg] kfg{' . s'h f
] lj) [;+) s'Ah] != zfLls ljsfn] jf f]un] xft uf]8f cflb v'lDrPsf] . @= xftuf]8f cflb
grNg] cj:yfsf] s'hf] . s'8 \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) s'07 < g')] != rSs', v's ' L cflb xltof
] wf emfg{' jf bf]Ao|fpg' e'ofpg' s'F9\g' . @= sfutL, lga'jf, vfFb]sf] crf cflbsf cld
nfn] bfFtdf lvlxofx6 k}bf ug{' jf bfFtsf] zlQm sd kfg{' . #= lrQ b'vfpg' . > s'8fO
gf) s'F8\g] sfd jf k|lqmof . s'8fOg' s) lqm) s'8 F g \ nfOg' s'8 F fOg' . s'8 fpg' k
) ] lqm) s'8g \

229

s'8fs'sfO s'bfOg' s) lqm) s'Fb\g nfOg' . s'b fpg' k|]) lqm) sf7, wft', cflbdf a'f,
cIf cflb vf]Kg nfpg' s'Fb\g nfpg' . s'b j ' f lj) != s'b F ] a'f kflPsf] s'lF bPs
@= s'Fb\g] jf cIf vf]Kg] (JolQm) . s'j gf) [;+) s'df] != cl3cl3sf fhfhf}6fsf ;Gtfg
df s'df . @= IfqLsf] Ps y . :qL) s'FjgL{ . s'j f ef gf) sfF;sf efF8f cflb agfpg k|o
ulg] ef . ' sf] s'O lqm) lj) [c) d")] != tLvf] cfjfh cfpg] uL (s's 5fpf] sfpFbf,
cflb p3fbf{ O)) . lj) @= 8nfUbf] sxfnLnfUbf] . s'O lqm) lj) bf]xlPsf] s'OF cfjfh cfp
] uL . le gf) sxfnLnfUbf] eL . s'Oof;L gf) [;+) s'0f <] Ps k|sfsf] h
\unL kmn 8
gf) [s'xLuGw] s'g} j:t' s'lxP jf ;8] lg:s]sf] gfd|f] uGw c;fWo} b'u{Gw . s'OgfOg gf)
c
\)] lrfOtf] jf l;Gsf]gfsf] af]qmfaf6 tof kflg], Hofb} tLtf] :jfbsf] bfgfbf kbfy{ cf}
Hj jf dn]lofsf] cf}ifwLsf kdf k|of]u ulg] To:t} ;fgf] rSsL . s'Og' gf) x]) s'lxg' . s
'Og]6f] gf) [s'gf]P6f]] != s'gf] k]sf] 7fpFljz]if 8fF8fsf] km]bLb]lv prflnFb} 8fF8fd
fly;Dd k'u]sf] 7fpF 8fF8fsf] Psfklsf] kf6f] gf3L csf{klsf] kf6fdf nfUg] 7fpF . @= a
u]sf] kfgL kxf8sf] 3'd]sf 7fpFdf 7f]lSsO{ gbLn] af6f] km]g]{ 7fpF s]xL 3'd]sf] 7f
pF . s'Ok' gf) [c
\)] k]?sf cflbjf;Lxn] ljleGg
sf 8f]Ldf vf;vf; lsl;dsf ufF7f kf] k
g]{ lnlk 8f]LufF7] lnlk . s'OL d08n gf) [s'Of] d08n] s'Of]h:tf] eP rf}lt JofKt ePs
afkm, w"nf] cflb . s'O] lj) [s'Of] P] != s'Of] jf s}nf] cfFvf x'g] . gf) @= s'Of cfFv
x'g] kfZrfTo uf]f hflt lkm\uL c\u|]h . s'Of] gf) [;+) s'Heml6] jfo'df ldn] afkmsf
jLdfly 9flsPsf] b]lvg] ;;fgf hns0fxsf] ;d"x x':;' s'lxf] . s'O;] lj) s}nf] cfFvf x'g]
. s'O;f] gf) s}nf] . s'O { gf) [g]jf) SjFo] fn, 9f]sfsf leq nufOPsf] r's'n vf]Ng k|
of]u ulg] kmnfdsf] Ps k|sfsf] ;fFrf] c\s';] . s'sd{ gf) [;+)] gLltlgod tyf cfr0flj?4
lg] gfd|f] sfd vfa sfd gLr sd{ ug{ gx'g] sfd (kfk, ckfw O)) . > s'sdL{ lj) s'sd{ ug
d ug]{ b'isdL{ gLr . s'sfO gf) [ s'sfp (cfO)] s'sfpg] efj, lqmof jf

nfpg' s'8 F fpg' . ] ;'lIft kf]sf] 7fpF . s'8 f gf) [;+) s'08fuf] rf}lt a] s''
F8\ O g'] != rSs', taf, xFl;of cflb kmnfd] xltofsf] wf emg{' jf bf]la|g' e'lQg' . @= l
b'Vg' dg kfSg' leqleq lrl9g' . #= cldnfn] bfFtdf lvlxf]kg k}bf x'g' jf bfFtsf] zlQm
sd x'g' . s'l 8of gf) [s'F8f]Oof] != ;fgf] s'F8] . @= tfpnf] . s'8 L gf) [s'F8f]O{]
!= ;fgf] s'F8] s'Fl8of . @= t]n k]Ng] sf]nsf] kfyL3d'lg xL;Fu} xg] sd08n'h:tf] cjoj .
s'8'lng' c) lqm) [s'F8'nf] O g'] s'g} j:t' s'8 F n ' f] kg{' u'F8'lNsg' s'F8'lNsg' 3
' . s'8'nL gf) [;+) s'08nL] ;fgf] s'F8'nf] . s'8'nf] gf) [;+) s'08n] != gf
\nfsf] la6
. @= j[Qfsf ]vf, 8f]L jf To:t} s'g} kbfy{ u'F8'nf] . #= kf]sf] k]sf] k'msG8f] . s'8'
g' c) lqm) [;+) s'08ns > s'F8'NsOg'] x]) s'F8'lng' . > s'8'NSofO gf) s'F8'lNsg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof . s'8'NSofOg' s) lqm) s'F8'lNsg] kflg' . s'F8'NSofpg' k|) ] lqm) s'8 F N
' ofpg' . s'8'NofO gf) [ s'8'ln (ofO)] != s'F8'lng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [sF'8'No
fpcfO] @= s'F8'Nofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'8'NofOg' s) lqm) s'F8'nf] kflg
' . s'8 N ' ofpg' k|]) lqm) s'F8'nf] kfg{' . s'8 ] gf) [;+) s'08] != b"w ttfpg] e
fF8f] . @= ufO{a:t'nfO{ s'F8f] ksfpg] jf v'jfpg] efF8f] . s'8 f] gf) [;+) s'08] k
L7f] cflb xfnL ksfP ufO{a:t'nfO{ v'jfOg] vf]n] . s'8fO gf) [ s'l8 (ofO)] != s'lF 8g]
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [s'F8fpcfO] @= s'F8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'8fOg' s
lqm) s'F8fpg] sfd ulg' . s'8 fpg' ;) lqm) != xltofsf] wf emfg{' e'Q] kfg{' . @= l
vfpg' lr9fpg' . k|) ] lqm) #= cldnfn] bfFt lvlxf] kfg{' jf bfFtsf] zlQm sd kfg{' .
s'9\g' ;) lqm) [;+) s'07f g'] x]) s'F8\g' . s'9 gf) [;+) s'08n] x]) s'F8'nf] . s'9fO
s'9\ (cfO)] x]) s'F8fO . [ > ] s'9fOg' s) lqm) s'F8fOg' . s'9 fpg' k|]) lqm) s'F8fpg
. s'l 9g' c) lqm) [;+) s'07 g'] x]) s'Fl8g' . > s'9fO gf) s'F8fO . s'9fOg' s) l
. s'9 fpg' k|) ] lqm) s'F8fpg' . s'b\g' ;) lqm) [;+) Iff]bg g'] sf7, wft', l;;f cf
a]na'f, cIf, lrq cflb sf6\g' 5fF65'F6 jf sf65fF6 ug{' (Tg, dl0f cflb) . > s'b fO gf)
sF'b\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .

s'sfpg's'rfn k|lqmof . [ > ] s'sfOg' c) lqm) s'sfOg] xf]Og' . s'sfpg' c) lqm) [s's\ cf
'] ?g'sfpg' . (pbf) efF8 s'sfof] .) s'sf7 gf) [s' sf7] != af]qmf lemlsPsf] gfn'sf] 8f
F7 . @= ;f jf r'f] gePsf] sf7 cu|fv hfteGbf aflxsf] sf7 sd;n sf7 a]hftsf] sf7 . s'sg
f gf) kmnfd, lkQn cflb wft'sf] sfd ug]{ sflnu8xn] cfuf] tx nufpg] xGa]g{' c\s';] .
s's ' gf) [;+) s'Ss'] :ofn, kmfpf], AjfF;f] cflbsf hftsf] k|foM vjfLsf nflu kflng]
f hgfj Zjfg s'Qf . ~ uf7f] gf) d}y'gsf ;dodf s's' hf]lN6Psf] cZnLn pbfx0f lbP dfof
n7\l7g] hf]8LnfO{ luHofOg] zAb . ~ hf]N6fO gf) sfdqmL8fdf x'g] a9L cf;lQm . ~ le
muf] gf) s's'sf] lhpdf 6fFl;P al;xg] r]K6f] v}f] lemFuf] . 8fOg' gf) kfgsf em}F 7"
kft x'g,] kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg], e'mKkfe'mKkf ftf uf]n kmn kmNg] sfF8] nxf] jf To;
sf] d'gf . ~ 8'nfO gf) lagf sfd jf p2]Zosf] lxF8fO nvnv 8'Ng] rfn . ~ ltxf gf) sflt{s
s[i0f rt'bzL{sf lbg s's'sf] k"hf ulg] kDkfcg';f dgfOg] rf8kj{ ltxfsf] bf];|f] lbg
ft gf) d'vsf dflyNnf xfsf cl3Nnf bfFt a
\uffsf dfemdf xg] c bfFteGbf tLvf rfr'Rr]
k'5 ]| lj) s's'sf] k'R5h:tf] (9 cIf) . aG;f] gf) aG;f] 3fF;sf] Ps k|sf . ~ lafn
f afg] jf emu8f ug]{ rfn a]d]n jf c;xdlt . @= afnsxn] v]Ng] Ps v]n . ~ e'sfO gf) !=
s's' e's]sf] zAb . @= dxj jf ;f gePsf] k|efj gkg]{ efif0f . #= kmf];|f] wfs . ~ dfO
f) si6k"0f{ d[To' ;fx|} b'Mvsf] d0f . d'vf lj) s's'sf] h:tf] d'v ePsf] s'k . d'v
s's'd'vf . d'Q ] gf) vdf pd|g] Ps yL Rofp . s's'L gf) [s'v'L] sfFrf] wfufsf] 8Nnf]
s ' ] gf) [;+) s'Ss'b|] ' ;]tf] e'jfbf kft x'g] KofhL
sf ;;fgf k"mn k'mNg] Ps a'6L
s's'ls{g' c) lqm) [s'qm'Ss O g'] s'qm'Ss kg{' v'lDrg' s'rl' s{g' . > s'sS ' of{O gf) s
' s{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . s'sS ' of{Og' s) lqm) s'qm'Ss kflg' v'DRofOg' . s'sS
' of{pg' k|]) lqm) s'qm'Ss kfg{' v'DRofpg' . s'sn ' 9's gf) [c) d") s'sn ' \ 9fSs]
d'vdf c6fO{gc6fO{ vfg]s'f] sf]r] lgNg vf]Hbf cfpg] cfjfh . s'sT [ o gf) [;+)] gfd|f]
jf ghftL sfd b'isd{ s'sd{ . s'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s's\ s] != vfFbf unf nfu] jf 3fF6Ld
f s'g} j:t' c8\s ] j]ul;t jfo' lg:sg gkfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL c;lhnf] eP unfaf6 s'ss's
zAb
230

lg:sg] rfnn] . gf) @= af8'nL jf lxSsf cfpFbf lg:sg] zAb lsSs . s'Ss' gf) [;+) s'Ss
'e] s'Ss'sf] cfjfh lgsfn] udL{ ofddf sfO{ lxF8\g] sf]OnLsf hftsf] rf] . s'Ss'6 gf) [
] != h\unL s'v'f] n'OFr] . @= s'v'f] . #= cfufsf] lkmln\uf] jf lemNsf] . s'Ss' gf) [
] x]) s's' . s'qm'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s'q'ms\ s] uf]8f bf]Ao|fpg] jf v'DRofpg] uL (hf
8f], a'9fOF, afy cflbn]) . \ s] Ps} rf]l6 lgNg] s'Sn'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s'Sn's uL s'
Ss . s'lIf gf) [;+)] != k]6 pb . @= uef{zo sf]v . #= s'g} rLhsf] leqL efu . z"n gf)
]6 b'Vg] z"nsf] f]u k]6b'vfO . s'v ' L! gf) rvf{sf] ;'Of]af6 lemlsPsf] wfufsf] nL s'
. s'v'L@ gf) [s'v'f] O{] kf]yL s'v'f] . sf gf) efn] s'v'f] af:bf cfpg] cfjfh . s'v
[s'v ' f]P] s'v ' f]h:tf] s'v ' fsf :jefjsf] s'v ' f] vfg] . ~ cfGb|f ] gf) nfDrf
xlof] ;]tf] ldl;Psf ;fgf k"mn ckfdfu{sf] h:tf] 8fF7 x'g], jLo{jw{s dflgg] Ps nxf]
. ~ lgb|f gf) kftnf] jf a]nfa]nfdf v'lnxg] lgb|f rfF8rfF8} v'Ng] gLb . ~ lav gf) Pp6f
dfq 8fF7 x'g] ljiffn' hf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] av]{ a'6L . ~ a}; F gf) s's'fpFbf] jf cN
f] hjfgL pQfpnf] a}F; . s'v ' f] gf) [;+) s'Ss'6] 6fpsfdf 5fnfsf] ftf] l;p x'g], c08f
f6 rNnf sf]Ng], df;' vfgsf nflu k|l;4 b'O{v'] 3kfn'jf rf] 38Lrf] s'k\vL s'kIfL . s
) [;+)] gfd|f] sfds'fdf k|l;l4 kfPsf] abgfd lglGbt . > s'Voflt gf) gfd|f] jf lgGbgLo
fdaf6 ePsf] k|l;l4 abgfdL . s'\s'd gf) [;+)] sZdLLs]z s]z . kftL gf) kLknsf cfsf
g] 306fsf cfsfsf] ftf] k"mn k'mNg], 9'u \ fsf] sfkdf pd|g] Ps a'6L t[0fs's \ d ' . s
r! gf) [;+)] :qLhfltsf] 5ftLdf p7\g] uf]nf] r'Rr] df+;lk08 pf]h :tg b"w . s'r@ gf)
) s'r] != kN6gn] ug]{ dfr{ . @= bf}8fO . #= efUg] sfd f. $= s'g} ofqfsf] k|f/De k
|:yfg s"r F . s'rqm gf) [;+)] 5nk"0f{ jf x:odo 9\un] xflg k'ofpg] p2]Zo fvL agfOPsf]
f]hgf cnfO{ wf]sf lbO{ hfndf km;fpg] if8\oGq . > s'rqmL lj) s'rqm ug]{ if8\oGq Rg] .
s'rfu| gf) [;+)] :tgsf] 6'Kkf] b"wsf] d'G6f] . s'rfn gf) [;+)] != vfa jf lgGbgLo rfn
gfd|f] cfr0f

231

s'lrgs'6 a:g' s'rS ' s kg'{ s'rf{ vfg' . > s'r|fOg' s) lqm) s'rg | nfOg' . s'rf | pg
' c) lqm) s'r|g nfpg' . s'lr|g ' c) lqm) s'r|g' . s'r|'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s'r|'s\ s]
xnrn ug{ gkfO{ s'rf{ vfP (a:g] jf v'lDrg] lsl;d) s'Rr . s'Ro|fO gf) [ s'lr| (ofO)] s
lr|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'Ro|fOg' s) lqm) s'r|'Ss kflg' s'rf{ v'jfOg' . s'Ro
|fpg' k|) ] lqm) s'lr|g nfpg' s'rf{ v'jfpg' s'rf | pg' . s'h lj) [;+)] != k[YjLaf6 h
Gd]sf] . gf) @= d
\unu|x ef}d . #= s[i0fff dflPsf] gsf;' gfds fIf; . s'hft gf) [;+)
] != gLr hflt s'hflt . @= vfa hft lshft . > s'hflt gf) != tNnf] jf gLr hflt ;dfhff x
dflgPsf] hflt . @= cfg'j+lzs hfltaf6 Ro't JolQm em]sf] hft . lj) #= lgDg:tsf] tNnf]
hftsf] . $= cwd b'i6 . s'lhg' c) lqm) [s'hf] O g'] zf/Ll/s ljsf/ jf /f]un] xftv'f v'Drg
jf grNg' s'lF hg' . s'hf] lj) [;+) s'Ah] /f]un] jf hGd}b]lv xftuf]8f grNg] xftuf]8f
tGsfpg gldNg] s"Fhf] . s'~rg gf) [;+)] != hf8f], nfh, cj:yf cflbsf sf0fn] rfpL kg]{
jf v'Drg] rfn vfFlbg], d'hf kg]{ jf slqmg] l:ylt v'DRofO . @= s]zsf] 3'd'Sof{O .
#= k]nf 3'd'ls{g] cfFvfsf] f]u . s'l~rsf gf) [;+)] != tfNrf vf]Ng] ;fFrf] . @= afF;
sf 5]:sf . s'l~rt lj) [;+)] v'lDrPsf] jf af\luPsf] 3'Fu'lPsf] a\UofOPsf] . s'~h gf)
)] != nxf vkftn] 9flsPsf] k|foM uf]nfsf 7fpF k0f{zfnf k0f{s'6L ntfu[x . @= xfQLsf]
t . ~ s'6L gf) ntfu[x ntfd08k . s'~h gf) [;+)] != xfQL . (pbf) ufpFdf cr]n g jf s'~h
xL 5}g) . lj) @= >]i7 pQd (gs'~h, jL s'~h O)) . s'~hL gf) x]) s'GhL . s'6\g' ;) l
s' g'] != dfG5] jf a:t'efpnfO{ tx nfpg ;f:tL lbg d'8\sL, na6f], nf}f] cflbn] lxsf{pg
' tf8gf ug'{ lk6\g' 7f]Sg' 76fpg' . @= nf]xf]f], d':nL cflbn] 6'lqmg] jf w'lhg] uL cf
ifwL, d;nf cflb lkFWg' . #= d"nf, cb'jf, sfFrf cfFk cflbnfO{ YofrYofr kfg'{ . $=
d';nsf] rf]6 kfL lrpf, rfdn cflb agfpg' . %= df;, uxt, sf]bf] cflbsf bfgf emfg{ 3
f]rfn] lxsf{pg' . ^= k]sf kfgLn] lehfpg' r'6g \ '. s'6! gf) [;+)] != lsNnf b'u{ u9 .
@= 3 5fk|f] . #= kxf8 . $= v j[If . %= kTy cflb kmf]g]{ xtf}8f] 3g .

b'frf . @= b'i6tf vfaL . > s'rfns gf) != s'g} klg sfd jf lqmof fd|f; ] u F rnfpg g;Sg
(JolQm) . @= ljB't\ tfk ;lhn} klrfng x'g g;Sg] ljB't\t\u ;~rflt x'g g;Sg] (a, ;'
f7 cflb) . s'lrg gf) [lrgL) SjLlrg] wfuf] jf hLff a]na'f sfl9Psf] d"Nojfg\ ];dL sk8f
s'lrG8f] gf) [s'Rr plemG8f]] != plemG8f] l5g] lasf]{ xfO{ pbf\uf] ePsf] 9'\u|f] . @= l
lu|Psf] cg'xf . s'lrnf gf) ws]{ kft x'g,] ftf kmn kmNg] ;;fgf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg] Ps j
[If jf To;}sf] kmn . s'rL gf) [;+) s"rL{] != 6'Kkfdf f}F ePsf], n] lrq n]Vg] jf a'f e
g]{ snd t'lns . @= ;fgf] s"rf] . #= wfg ;vsf] 8Nnf]nfO{ kfnn] a]] agfOg] xfQLsf] bfg
. sf gf) != s"rLsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm . @= ;8s, rf]s cflb a9fs'F9f uL ;kmfO ug]{ jf s"
f] a9f] hLljsf rnfpg] dflg; . s'rS ' s lqm) lj) [c) d") s'rs ' \ s] v'lDrg] uL ;fF3l
P cK7]f] rfnn] (a:g] jf bf]la|g] 9\u) . s'r'ls{g' c) lqm) [s'rS '| s O g'] Ps} 7fpF
s'rS '| s kg'{ v'lDrg' s'lRrg' . s'rS ' of{O gf) s'rS '| s x'g] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . s'rS ' of{Og' s) lqm) s'rl' s{g] uL flvg' . s'rS ' of{pg' k|) ] lqm) s'rS '| s
kg]{ lsl;dn] fVg' . s'r]i6f gf) [;+)] != grflxFbf] ghftL sfds'fsf] r]i6f jf clek|f
o s'lT;t Jojxf gfd|f] afgLa]xf] . @= vfa p2]Zo lnP ulg] xfpefp . s'rn } gf) [;+)]
f] jf kmf]xf] n'uf . lj) @= d}nf] n'uf nufpg] (JolQm) . s'rf] gf) [k|f) s'Rrf]] w"
nf], sl;\u cflb a9fg]{ aflaof], l;?, kfn, cld|;f] cflbsf] d'7f] . s'rf]B gf) [;+)] J
oy{sf] 8fsf] grflxFbf] ugug a]jfFssf] ts{ljts{ ljt08f . s'Rr lqm) lj) [c) d") s'r \
= ;fF3'f] lsl;dn] jf vfFlbP . @= la:tf} 5f]Og] uL . s'Rrfafh gf) [s'Rr] afh] != a"9f]
O;s]sf] afh rf] . @= tfut ;lsPsf] b'Anf] dflg; . s'lRrg' ;) lqm) [s'Rr O g'] wft'sf efF
8fs'F8f 7Ss nfu] la6 bf]la|g' jf leq vf]lkN6fvf]lkN6L kg'{ sRofss'rs ' x'g' y]lKrg'
. s'Rr] lj) [;+) s'r P] s'lRrPsf] (h:tf] tfn's'Rr]) . s'RRofO gf) [ s'lRr (ofO)] s'lRr
] sfd jf lqmof k|lqmof . [ > ] s'RRofOg' s) lqm) s'lRrg] kflg' . s'RRofpg' k|) ] lqm
) s'lRrg] kfg'{ . s'r | g' c) lqm) [s'rf{ g'] xnrn ug{ gkfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf

s'6s'6f] s'6@ gf) [;+) ls] df}Lsf] rfsfdf x'g] Rof6Rof6L nfUg] kx]Fnf] kbfy{ dxsf] s;
jf 5f]qmf d}g . s'6sf gf) [;+) s'6s] Ps hftsf] df}L s7f}L . \ sf6\] s'6g \ ] sf6\g]
d 6'qmf6'qmL kfg]{ s'6sf6 gf) [s'6 sfd . s'6sL gf) e'mKkfe'mKkf kft nfUg], gLnf] k"mn
k'mNg] sfnf] kmn kmNg] Ps e'OFemf jf To;sf] 8fF7 cyjf hf . s'6s'6 ] gf) != e]L c~rn
sf] ;'vt {] lt nf]suLt w'gxdf a9L k|rlnt, af]n tyf k|sf . @= sf6Ls'6L 6fDsf];Fu ldNg
] t 6ofDsf]eGbf ;fgf] Ps afhf . s'6h gf) [;+)] != Ps h\unL af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn 7"nf]
s ' f] . @= sdn . s'6g lkwg gf) [s'6 \ lkFw\] s'g} rLh s'6g \ ] lkFWg] sfd d;nf, cf}
fwL cflb s'6LlkFwL w"nf] kfg]{ sfd s'6fOlkFwfO . s'6lk6 gf) [s'6 \ lk6\] != k:kdf s'
\ ] lk6\g] sfd s'6fO lk6fO s'6fdfL . @= s'6fO lk6fOsf sf0faf6 plAhPsf] emu8f jf d
. s'6ldf] gf) [;+) s"6 zfNdnL] af6'nf lrNnf kft x'g], ;;fgf e'mKkfbf k"mn k'mNg] t
yf kLknsf h:tf u]8f x'g] Ps j[If . s'6l;dn gf) csf]{ vsf] cf8 lnP emfFlug] ufO{j:t'
sf lgldQ kf]l;nf] 3fF; x'g] Ps nxf] . s'6fO gf) [ s'6\cfO] s'6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] s'6fOg' s) lqm) s'6g \ nfOg' . ~ lkwfO gf) s'6\g] lkFWg] sfd s'6glkFwg . ~ lk
6fO gf) x]) s'6lk6 . s'6fOd gf) [;+) s'c
\) 6fOd] s';do s'a]nf a]df}sf . s'6fpgL gf)
6\cfpgL] wfg cflb s'6fPafkt s'6\g]nfO{ lbOg] dh'L jf efu s'6fgL . s'6fpg' s) lqm) [s
'6fpOg'] s'6g \ nfpg' lk6fpg' . s'6fs'6 gf) [s'6\cfs'6\] k:kdf s'6g \ ] sfd lk6flk
g s'6fdfL . s'6fgL gf)x]) s'6fpgL . s'6fdfL gf) [s'6\df] s'6\g] 7f]Sg] sfd s'6fs'
6 . s'l6 gf) ufO{j:t'nfO{ v'jfpgsf nflu sf6] 5f]6f]5f]6f] kflPsf] 3fF;kfn cflb 5fF6L
s'l6g' s) lqm) [s'6\ O g'] s'6\g] sfd ulg' lkl6g' . s'l6n lj) [;+)] != 6]9f] af\uf]
. @= hfnem]n ug]{ sk6L 5nL . tf gf) != :jefjn] s'l6n aGg] efj jf cj:yf . @= af\uf]k
g jqmtf . s'l6nf lnlk gf) [;+)] u'Ktlnlkkl5sf] tyf gjf}F b;f}F ztfAbLdf rn]sf] lnlk
. s'6L! gf) [;+)] != PsfGt jf ;'g;fg 7fpFdf df6fn] agfOPsf]
232

vkfn cflbn] 5fOPsf] ;fgf] 3 e'mk8L 5fk|f] e'mk|f] . @= Clifd'lgx a:g] 3 . s'6L@
ufO{j:t'nfO{ v'jfpg 6'qmf kfL sf6]sf] 3fF;kfn (db];) . 3f gf) != ePesf] >L;DklQ ;j
nlkL . @= s'6lk6af6 ePsf] 3fp . ~ dfd gf) rfdnsf] eft (afnaf]nLdf) . s'6L gf) [;+)] s
'6L s'l6of . ~ pBf]u gf) 3d} rnfpg ;lsg] ;fgfltgf pBf]uwGbf 3]n' pBf]u jf Ond . lzNk
f) 3}df ug{ ;lsg] ;Lk jf Ond s'6LpBf]u . s'6 ' gf) [;+)] kmfksf] af]6 jf cGg . s'6's'
' gf) [c) d") s'6 \ p (l))] != cGgsf s8f bfgf PsPs uL bfFtn] 6f]Sg] jf kmf]g]{ sfd To
6f]Sbf jf kmf]bf{ cfpg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= s'6's'6' cfjfh lg:sg] uL . s'6S ' s l
qm) lj) [c) d") s'6s '
\ s] != Ps} aflh bfFtn] 6f]Sbf jf kmf]bf{ cfjfh cfpg] uL (
h:tf] sfkmnu]8L s'6'Ss) . @= k]6 r:; 3f]Rg] rfnn] . s'6g ' L! gf) [;+) s'lgL] != s]
6Lx kmsfO{ kk'?if;Fu km;fpg] k};f sdfpg] cfOdfO{ sfd's k'?ifsf nflu j]Zof pknAw ufOl
bg] gfL s'l6gL . @= r'SnL nufP b'O{ kIfsf aLrdf emu8f ufOlbg] :qL . s'6g ' L@ gf) !=
bfDnfsf] ufF7f] undufF7f] . @= xfQL afFWg] 8f]L cu|g . #= df6fleq dfq a:g] Ps sLf] .
s'6D ' a gf) [;+)] != Psf3sf hxfg 3kljf . @= bfh'efO 5f]f5f]Ltkm{sf ;Gtfg . #= a
ftfuf]tf . tGq lj) s'6'Dasf] x}sd ePsf] Joj:yf hxflgofF rfn . > s'6l ' DagL gf) !=
w]} ;Gtfg hGdfpg] gfL kTgL :qL . @= ftf]ftf] sf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] b"w] emf . l
lgofF (:qL) . s'6D ' aL lj) u[x:yL hxfgkljf gftf uf]tf ePsf] . s'6D ' a]L gf) !=
asf] jf s'6D ' asf] h:tf] ;DaGw . lj) @= gftfuf]tfleqsf] ;fOg' kg]{ ;DaGwL . s'6 '
f] gf) [;+) s'6d \ n] ;fgf]ltgf] u7f] ;fgf] kf]sf] kGtf] . s'6'nLsf];f gf) [;+) s'l6n
]if] v]tafLsf l8nl8ndf pd|g], cfFs'f] emfdf kmNg] lssf}Fn] u]8f s]fpsf h:tf sf];f
;fgf] sf];f . \ pjf] != l9sL, cf]vn cflbdf s'l6Psf] s'6j ' f lj) [s'6 s'6] agfOPsf]
. @= s'6\g] :jefjsf] s'6fxf . s'6 ] lj) [s'6f] P] s'6f]h:tf] s'6fsf] . s'6f] gf) [;+)
s's] k"mnafL, s];fafL cflbdf uf]8d]n ubf{ k|of]u ulg] sf]bfnfsf cfsfsf] xn'sf ;fgf] k
nfd] xltof . ~ sf]bfnf] gf) != s'6f] sf]bfnf] v]tL ubf{ k|of]udf NofOg] ;;fgf] xft]
;fwg . @= v]tLkftLsf] sfd s[lifsd{ .

233

s'6\sfs't"xn efjgf cflb) . s'08 gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] hnfzo kf]vL s'jf Ogf . @= sd08n'
fkfq . #= xf]d ug]{ j]bL jf vfN8f] . $= nf]Ug] 5Fbf5Fb} cs}{ nf]Ug]dflg;;Fusf] ;
DaGwaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg hfk'q . %= a6'sf] . ^= pTvgg ubf{ x'g uPsf] vf8n . &= afO;Lrf
}aL;L sfn To;eGbf klxn]sf] ;dosf aQL; sdWo]sf] Ps s jf 5QL; sddWo]sf] Ps sd . s'08n
f) [;+)] != sfgsf] nf]tLdf e'mlG8g] uL nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] d08nfsf uxgf d'Gb|f] . @= u
f]vkGyLsf ;fw'xn] sfgdf nufpg] :kml6s, l;, sf7 cflbsf] d'Gb|f] . #= rGb|df jf ;"o{s
f] rf}lt b]lvg] afbnsf] uf]nf] 3]f . > s'08lngL gf) != d"nfwf rqmsf] glhs tLg kmGsf e
P x]sf] gf8L . @= if6\rqmsf] cEof;df ;j{ky | d sNkgf ulPsf] ;k{ . s'08nL gf) != dflg
;sf] hGdsfndf ePsf u|xl:ylt ;"lrt ug]{ afx| sf]7f ePsf] s'08nfsf rqm hGds'08nL . @
= ;k{ . #= s'08lngL . lj) $= s'08n (uxgf) nufPsf] . %= s'08nfsf jf af6'nf] eP a;]s
f] jt'{n . s'08L gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] s'08 . @= 6'6Lwffsf] kfgL fVg] 9'\u] efF8f] . s'0
f gf) != snz fVg] tfdf jf lkQnsf] 7"nf] yfn emfk|L . @= kL7f] d'5\g] efF8f] . s't gf
) [k|f) s'Q] sa'ncg';f v]t jf afL sdfpFbf df]xLn] hUufwgLnfO{ a'emfpg'kg]{ lglZrt
cGg afnLsf] 7]Ssf df]xLaf6 tlN;n] kfpg] cGgafnL ltf] . ~ lt/f] gf) s't / lt/f] . s'ts
tL gf) != k}tfnf, k]6, sfvL, 3fF6L cflbdf 5'Fbf nfUg] ;u;uL sfps'tL . @= s'g} sfd
ug]{ ;+j]ufTds ;lqmotf rf}rf} pTs07f . > s'ts'TofO gf) s'ts'Tofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof .
s'ts'TofOg' s) lqm) s'ts'tL nfOg' . s'ts'Tofpg' ;) lqm) != s'ts'tL nufpg' sfps'tL
nfpg' . @= cfkb\df kfg{ vf]Hg' . #= pQ]lht kfg'{ . s'tj gf) [;+)] != vfa jf xflgsfs
tj kmfObf gug]{ j:t' . s'ts{ gf) [;+)] cg'lrt jf c;\ut ts{ ljt08f . > s'tsL{ lj) s'ts
ug]{ ljt08fjfbL grflxFbf] ts{ ug]{ . s'tL! gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnltAatsf] l;dfgfglhs x]
sf] Ps P]ltxfl;s :yn . (nf;f hfg] s'tLsf] af6f] pvfg) s'tL@ gf) [ s'Qf] s's' s'Qf (af
naf]nLdf) . s'ts ' gf) [;+)] != cfZro{ tyf pT;'stf hufpg] ljnIf0f sfds'f] . @= cf
Zro{ crDd . #= dg axnfpg] xfF;v]n lbNnuL . $= OR5f rfxgf . s'tx " n gf) [;+)] != s'g
} gofF ljnIf0f j:t' jf x:odo sfds'f] hfGg jf l;Sg dgdf x'g] k|an OR5f pT;'stf
(ljrf,

s'6s \ f gf) [s'6s \ f]sf] lt) )] s'g} 7f]; j:t' sf6] kflPsf \ L gf) ;fgf7"nf s'6s \
xsf] ;fgf 6'qmf s'8\sf . ~ s'6s ;d"x 6'qmf6fqmL . s'6l\ sg' c) lqm) [s'6s \ f] O g'] s
\ f kg'{ 6'lqmg' s'8l\ sg' . s'6\sf] gf) [;+) s'] s'8\sf] s'6\sf . s'6S \ ofO gf) [
6l\ s (ofO)] s'6l\ sg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'6S \ ofOg' s) lqm) s'6l\ sg] kflg'
. s'6\Sofpg' k|) ] lqm) s'6\sf kfg'{ 6'So|fpg' . s'g gf) [;+)] cGg cflb s'6\g] sfd s'
6fO . ] L;Fu ;+of]u x'b F f gflosf jf :qLn] k|s6 s'ldt gf) [;+)] k|d ug]{ b]vfj6L
b'Mvr]i6f . s'6'ldf] gf) ufO{j:t'nfO{ v'jfpg] 8fn] 3fF; . s'7fp gf) [s'7fpF] != cg'lr
:yfg vfa 7fpF jf cj; . @= zLsf] sf]dn tyf ;'s'df c
\u dd{:yn . s'7f gf) [;+)] km;
kfl0f lj) != xftdf aGrf] lng] s'7fwfL . gf) @= kz'fd . > s'7ff3ft gf) != aGrf]sf]
rf]6 k"} vtd ug]{ vfnsf] k|xf . @= s'g} JolQmsf] sfds'fdf xflg k'ofpg] nfIfl0fs zAb
ggf]S;fgL afwfc8\sfp . s'8 gf) [;+) s'6] xnf]sf] kmfnL c8fpg] 7fpF . s'8j gf) [;+)] !
b'O{ dfgf cGgsf] gfkf] . @= b'O{ dfgf gfkf] ePsf] efF8f] s'?jf . s'8\sf gf) 6'qmf
s'6\sf . s'8s \ L gf) s'6s \ fs'6s \ L 6'qmf6fqmL . s'8\lsg' c) lqm) [s'8\sf] O g'] s'
} rLh s'8s \ f kg'{ 6'lqmg' luFl8g' s'6\lsg' . s'8\sf] lj) [ s'6\sf]] s'g} 7f]; j:t'n
fO{ sf6] jf kmf]] kflPsf] 6'qmf] s'6\sf] . s'8S \ ofO gf) [ s'8s \ L (ofO)] != s'8l
efj jf lqmof k|lqmof . [s'8S \ ofp cfO] @= s'8S \ ofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'8
\SofOg' s) lqm) s'8\Sofpg] sfd ulg' 6'S|ofOg' . s'8S \ ofpg' k|]) lqm) s'8\sf kfg'{
. s'8\dn gf) [;+)] != sf]lknf] snL . @= k"mn . s'l0fof gf) ufpF3df ltf] ltg{sf lglDt
hDdf x'g] 3 . s'07 lj) [;+)] != h'D;f] ;':t dGb sdhf] cN5L . @= wflnf] gePsf] e'Q]
f gf) [;+)] != s'g} JolQmdf ;'if'Kt kn] xg] dfgl;s c;Gt'li6 jf ct[lKtsf] efjgf . @=
k|ultsf sfo{df afwf k'ofpg] ;\sf]r jf nfhn] o'Qm xLg dgf]efj . #= afwf c8\sfp cjf]w
. u|:t lj) nHhf, ;\sf]r cflbn] k|ult ug{ g;s]sf] k|ltef gk'm]sf] s'07fn] o'Qm s'l07
s'l07t lj) [;+)] != x]) s'07fu|:t . @= wf bf]la|Psf] e'Q] (xltof) . #= dGba'l4 ePsf
] . $= aLr}df f]lsPsf] cj?4

s'Qfs'Gtn pTs07f . @= cfZro{ . #= v]naf8 qmL8f . s'Qf gf) [k|f) s'QL < ;+) s'Ss'] !=
x]) s's' . @= b'i6, n'Rrf] jf nf]eL JolQmnfO{ a'emfpg] nfIfl0fs zAb . #= 38L cfl
bsf] s'g} Ps k'hf{ . s'Qa ] G;f] gf) Hjfg'sf h:tf u]8f x'g] 6'Kkfdf sf];fh:tf] b]
lvg] nfdf] vfnsf] aG;f] . s'T;f gf) [;+)] lgGbf eT;{gf 3[0ff . > s'lT;t lj) lglGbt 3[
l0ft . s'y gf) [;+)] xf}bfdfly la5fOg] sfrf]k { elPsf] d"Nojfg\ sk8f xfQLsf] emNn . s
'yl' \u | g' c) lqm) [s'y 'u \ L| g'] sf]lrP ;'Tg' ;fF3 ' f] 7fpFdf n]6g \ ' jf c6f
s'y ' u \ L | gf) [;+) sy\ p\uL | ] tTsfn cfjZostfk"lt{sf lglDt slyPsf] ;fgf] syf sy
f . > s'y'\u|] lj) s'y'\u|L sxg] jf sYg] (JolQm) . s'yl ' s{g' c) lqm) [s'y's]{ O g']
f] 7fpFdf c6fpg' s'y'l\u|g' . s'ys ' {] gf) [;+) s'y] != tsfL vfOg], ;fgf] vfnsf] Ps
hftsf] lgx'f] . @= vdf Kjfn kf] u'F8 agfpg] Ps yL ;fgf] rf] . s'y ] gf) [lsfF)]
pg] e"ld;DaGwL sfd ug]{ lnR5ljsfnLg cfcbfnt . ~ clws0f gf) lnR5ljsfndf fhfsf tkm{af6
s p7tLk'7tL ug]{ zfvf cf . ~ j[Qflws[t gf) s'y] clws0fsf tfn'sbf jf xflsd . s'b \ g
lqm) [;+) s"b { g'] != s'g} Ps 5]paf6 l56f]l56f] lxF8] csf]{ 5]p k'Ug' j]ul;t hfg'
bf}8g' . @= ;'OFlsg' efUg' . s'bt gf) [c)] x]) s'b|t . > s'btL lj) x]) s'b|tL . s'bz{
g gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] jf c;'Gb k s'k e2f . @= cz'e;"rs b[Zo . s'bfO gf) [ s'b\ (c
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'bfOg' s) lqm) s'bfpg] sfd ulg' bf}8fOg' . s'bfpg
' k|) ] lqm) s'bg \ nfpg' bf}8fpg' . s'bfs'b gf) [s'b\cfs'b\] s'b\g] bf}8g] sfd bf}
f}8L bu'fbu' . s'bfg gf) [;+)] != cz'e sfo{ jf cz'e cj;df lbOg] bfg . @= s'kfqdf k]sf
bfg . #= tf}lnxjfsf] Ps k|Voft b]j:yn . s'lbg' c) lqm) [s'b\ O g'] bf}l8g' bu'lg' . s'
bs'bfO gf) [s'b\ O s'bfO] s'b\g]jg]{ sfd s'bfs'b . s'lbg gf) [;+)] != l:yltljkLt ePsf]
bg cz'e 36gf 36]sf] lbg jf ;\s6df k]sf] lbg vfa lbg . @= emL,
234

afbn w]} nfu]sf] lbg b'lb{g . s'bl [ i6 gf) [;+)] clwsfljgf jf gfd|f] p2]Zon] s;}dfly
cfFvf nufpg] sfd vfa rfnsf] x]fO cg'lrt b[li6 . s'bt | gf) [c)] != zlQm ;fdYo{ . @=
;Lk sfluL . #= k|sl[ t dfof . > s'bt | L lj) != pBf]uL pBdL lqmofzLn . @= cfF6L . }
s'g} PsnfO{ ls6\gk ' bf{ k|of]u s'g! ;j{) [;+) lsd\] w]d ulg] k|Zgjfrs ;j{gfd sf] s]
. s'g@ gf) hf}sf af]6sf] tLvf] 6'Kkf] 6'F8f] . s'gvL lj) [;+)] gfd|f] jf sf]k|f] k]s
f] g ePsf] . s'ggfn gf) klZrd g]kfnsf] e]L c~rncGtu{t hfhsf]6 lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps tfn .
s'gf gf) [;+) sf]0f] != x]) s'g' . @= ;'Ts]L sf]7f . sfgL gf) s'gfsfKrf cGts'Gt .
fsfKrL gf) s'gfsfgL . ~ k:g' 6') != ;'Ts]L x'g' . @= klxnf] kN6 h:jnf x'Fbf 3leq l5k]
:g' . s'gfd gf) [;+)] ckh; abgfdL . s'lgp gf) [;+) sf]0f] kfn, ds} cflb y'kf] agfOPs
rf
6f}jf (kfnsf]) ;'nL (ds}sf]) vlnof] . s'gLlt gf) [;+)] vfa gLlt jf clek|fo gLr p
. s'g ' gf) [;+) sf]0f] != s'g} b'O{ltsf leQf hf]lPsf] jf b'O{ lbzfsf aLrsf] leqL e
fu sf]Krf] k]sf] 7fpF s'gf sf]0f . ljk) 5]p . @= ;'Ts]L a:g] sf]7f] . s'g6 ] f] gf) [
'g ' P6f]] != 8fF8fsf km]bLsf] vf]N;f] jf ulxf] 7fpFbl] v clUnFb} 8fF8fdfly;Dd k'u
s ] f] 7fpF 8fF8fsf] Psfltsf] kf6f] gf3] csf{kl nfUg] 7fpF s'xg ' 6 ] f] . @= kfgL cf
lb aUb} hfFbf 3'd]sf 7fpFdf 7f]lSsP gbLn] af6f] km]g]{ 7fpF . s'PFqf] gf) [s'g ' Pq
f]] n'ufsf s'gfdf s'g} wfl/nf] jf 3f]Rg] j:t'n] tfGbf kg]{ ;fgf]ltgf] Kjfn cyjf
lr/f . s'g} ;j{) [s'gP]] clgZro hgfpg] zAb sf]xL . s'gf}f] gf) [s'g'cf}f]] df;, af]8
e6df; cflbsf u]8f r'6] 5'fPsf] sf];f, kft cflbsf] ;d"x s'gfpf] . s'Ghf! gf) [kmf) s'G
] != wf]aLn] sk8f ;DDofpg kfln; rDsfpg sk8fdf 7f]Sg] uf]nfsf sf7sf] 7"nf] d'
\u|f]
. @= Ps lsl;dsf] d'
u \ f| ] ;fgf] 3g . #= sfFwdf c8fOg] aGb'ssf] kmflsnf] sf7sf] efu
s'Gbf . s'Ghf@ gf) [kmf) s"h] df6fsf] uf]nf] 8Nnf] kfnfdf hdfOPsf] ld;|Lsf] 8Nnf]
ld;|Lsf] rSsf . s'GhL gf) [;+) s'l~rsf] != tfNrf vf]Ng] aGb ug]{ j:t' ;fFrf] . @=
ufF7L s'f] . #= s'g} kf7k':tssf] 6Lsf n]lvPsf] ;xfos k':ts . s'Gt gf) [;+)] != KjfF
v nufOPsf] af0f efnf a5f{ . @= ;fgf hGt' sLf . s'Gtn gf) [;+)] != s]zkfz r'N7f] j]0f
@= kfgL vfg] nf]xf]6f,

235

s'GtjfxLs'a]nf vfBkbfy{ kf}li6s tj sd ePsf] vfB j:t' . s'Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") s'k \ k]
;fgf]ltgf] 8Nnf] vfg]s'f] Ps} v]k vfg] jf lgNg] uL . s'k|g' ;) lqm) [s'k|f] g'] 9f8 j
f sd cufl8 lgx'g' s'k|f] x'g' s'lk|g' . s'ky | f gf) [;+)] ;fdflhs JojxfnfO{ clxt ug]
gfd|f] rngrfFhf] vfa k|yf gfd|f] kDkf s'Llt . s'k|aGw gf) [;+)] fd|f];Fu gulPs
] aGbf]a:t vfa k|aGw . s'ke | fj gf) [;+)] gfd|f] clxt ug]{ c; jf k|efj k|lts"n k|e
. s'ko | f; gf) [;+)] ghftL clek|fon] ulPsf] k|of; b'ik|of; w[i6tf . s'ko | f]u gf) [
;+)] cg'lrt k|of]u b'?kof]u . s'kf | s'kL | gf) [s'kf | ] s'kL | ] s'k|f] s'k|Lsf]
;d"x a"9fa"9L . s'lk|g' ;) lqm) [s'k|f] g'] s'k|f] x'g' s'k|g' . s'k|] lj) [s'k|f] P]
lk|Psf] s'kf |] . s'kf | ] lj) [;+) s'Ah] f]u, a'9fOF jf zfLls ljsfn] sd g'x] 7f8f
;Sg] s'lk|Psf] s'k|] . > s'Ko|fO gf) s'k|f] x'gfsf] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . s'Ko|fOg
' s) lqm) s'Ko|fpg] sfd ulg' . s'Ko|fpg' k|]) lqm) s'k|f] kfg'{ . s'Kn'Ss lqm) lj) [
c) d") s'Kn's \ s] x]) s'kS 's. s'kmt gf) [;+) s'ky] :jf:YonfO{ xflg ug]{ rLhaLhsf
] vfgkfg s'ky s'kYo . s'kmn gf) [;+)] s'g} sfo{ jf sf0faf6 ePsf] ghftL kl0ffd b'ikl0
vfa glthf . s'km| L gf) cfn'sf] Ps hft hgfpg] zAb . ~ rGb|dv ' L gf) Ps hftsf] cfn'
sf] gfd . ~ Hof]lt gf) cfn'sf] Ps hft . ~ l;Gb'L gf) vf; uL tfO{ v08df x'g] Ps hftsf]
cfn' . s'af6f] gf) [s'af6f]] != vfa af6f] s'ky s'dfu{ . @= gfd|f] afgL s'nt . s'afg
) [s'afgL] gfd|f] jf vfa rfnrng s'nt gfd|f] cfbt . s'al ' 4 gf) [;+)] != vfa jf xfl
'l4 d"vt { f b'al{' 4 . lj) @= vfa a'l4 ePsf] d"v{ . s'a ] gf) [;+)] != wg;DklQsf cl
i7ftf b]jtf pQ lbzfsf :jfdL oIf lsGgxsf fhf tyf ?b|sf ldq . lj) @= Hofb} wgL wgf9\
Qjfn . sf] 9's6 ' L gf) hlt lems] jf vr{ u] klg gl;l4g] wgsf] eF8f h] dfn vf]h] klg
kfOg] 7fpF jf 3 . s'an ] f gf) [s'a]nf] != vfa a]nf jf ;do 3l6of df}sf . @= e8\ls;s]s
f] a]nf a]df}sf clglZrt ;do cgj; .

cfDvf]f cflb efF8f] . #= rf]n b]zsf] pQdf kg]{ eftLo k|frLg :yfg (jt{dfg x}bfafbsf]
blIf0fklZrd efu) . s'GtjfxL gf) [;+)] b]zsf] ;jf]{Rr JolQmsf] cf}krfls ;jfLsf cj;df c
l3kl5 efnf lnP lxF8\g] cg'r l;Nnf . s'GtL gf) [;+)] dxfeftsf k|l;4 fhf kf08'sL fgL
" gfds ofbjsL k'qL o'lwli7, eLd ch'{gsL cfdf s[i0fsL k'mk" k[yf . s'Gb gf) [;+)] rd
sf 5fF6sf] ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] af]6 . k'ik gf) ;]tf], gd ;'ulGwt x'g] s'Gbsf] k"mn .
s'Gbf gf) [kmf) s'Gb] != aGb'ssf] km]bdf xg] sf7sf] kmflsnf] cjoj . @= wf]aLn] sk8
f ;DDofpg kfln; r9fpgnfO{ sk8fdf 7f]Sg] sf7sf] 7"nf] d'\u|f] . > s'GbL gf) sk8fdf
d'\u|fn] 7f]sL ;DDofpg] sfd . s'lGg cJo) [;+) sf] lg] s'g} ljifodf s;}n] ;f]4f yfxf
5}g eGg] efj a'emfpg] zAb gsffTds k|ltlqmof hgfpg] zAb sf]lg . (pbf) tkfO{n F ] s] e
Gg'eof] s'lGg, dnfO{ yfx} 5}g) . s'Go" gf) x]) s'lgpF . s'kIfLs'k\vL gf) [;+) s'kIfL
] s'v'f] . s'ky! gf) [;+) s'kYo] :jf:Yodf k|lts"n c; kfg]{ vfg]s ' f] s'kmt ckYo . s'
y@ gf) [;+)] != ghftL af6f] s'dfu{ . @= vfa cfr0f gfd|f] afgLa]xf]f . s'kYo gf) [;+
) s'ky . s'kg gf) [c\)] b}lgs pkef]usf ;;fdfg s;}nfO{ lgwf{lt kldf0fdf lbg" egL n]lvP
sf] k|fdfl0fs kq jf k'hf{ . ~ k|0ffnL gf) To:tf ;;fdfg lng s'kgsf] clgjfo{tf x'g]
k|0ffnL . s'kf7 gf) [;+)] vfa cfr0f gfd|f] afgLa]xf]f s'nt . s'kfq gf) [;+)] != cof
f vfa JolQm . @= zf:qdf bfg lbg lgif]w ulPsf] JolQm . #= r'lxg] efF8f] a]7Lssf] efF
8f] . lj) $= cof]Uo gfnfos . s'lkt lj) [;+)] != l;fPsf] h\luPsf] '4 . @= v';L gePsf]
;Gg . s'lkn gf) efF8fs'F8f cflbdf kg]{ jf b]lvg] ;fgf Kjfn . s'kL gf) ;n]bf] xfnL
dLt]ndf aflng] ;fwf0f aQL 6'sL l9a|L . s'ks ' k ' ' lqm) lj) [s'k\ p (l))] gf]lsg] u
(vfg] rfn) . s'kS ' s lqm) lj) [c) d") s'k's\ s] Ps} kN6 vfg] uL (8Nnf] kbfy{ d'vdf
xfNg] lsl;d) . s'kq ' gf) [;+)] vfa jf b'i6 5f]f] sk"t . s'kf]if0f gf) [;+)] zLsf
u cg'ko'Qm tyf xflgsfs

s'Ahs'De s'Ah lj) [;+)] != s"Fhf] s'k|f] . gf) @= s'lk|Psf] taf . > s'Ahf lj) != s"h
L jf s'kL | (cfOdfO{) . gf) @= zLdf tLg 7fpF ljs[lt ePsL s+;sL Ps ;]ljsf . s'lAhs
f gf) != cf7 jif{sL cljjflxtf sGof . @= of]lugL . s'enf] gf) [s' enf]] clxt clgi6 xflg
vfaL . s'efj gf) [;+)] gfd|f] jf vfa efj b'ef{j . s'leG8f] gf) [;+) s'idf08] sfFqmf],
km;L{ cflbsf h:t} nxf nfuL ;]tf jf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg], kmn kfs]kl5 ;]tf ;]tf e'jf
x'g] crf, tsfL, d'Aaf cflb agfP vfOg] Ps kmn s'idf08 sfzLkmn . s'd gf) [;+) :sGw]
lysf] xftsf] kftf] sfFwsf] hf]gL{sf] efu sfFwsf] 5]p cfsf] lz hf]lPsf] efu . sf6]
cfwf afx'nf sfl6Psf] (rf]nf], ef]6f] O)) . sf] anf] gf) 3s6]fsf 5fgfdf b'j} s'duff]
dfly flvg] anf] . uff] gf) w'LeGbf s]xL xf]rf] x'g], kfv|L 5fgf] ePsf 3s6]fsf] b'j}
] uff] . 7]nf] gf) != b'O{kfv] 3sf] 5fgfdlg anf] c8fOg] sf7 jf 6]sf] . @= s'nf] vgfp
g] gfOs]sf] jfl; . ~ 7f]Sg' 6') k|lt:kwf{ ug'{ ;]vf;]v ug'{ . (pbf) tF s[i0f;Fu s'd
7f]s] a:g ;S5;\ <) . s'dlt gf) [;+)] != vfa a'l4 b'a'{l4 . lj) @= a'l4 lau|]sf] b'd{l
t . s'dGq gf) [;+)] != vfa pkb]z jf cg'lrt ;Nnfx . @= cnfO{ clxt x'g] dGq jf dGq0ff
. s'dfO{ + gf) [s'dfpF O{] s'dfpFk|bz ] sf afl;Gbf klxn] s'dfpFaf6 cfPsf g]kfnsf a|f
Xd0f hflt k'la{of s'dfOFdWo] Ps . s'dfpgL gf) [s'dfpF gL] eftsf] s'dfpF k|b]zdf af]ln
g] Ps kxf8L efiff jf To; k|b]zdf xg] dflg; . s'dfG5] gf) [;+) s' dfG5]] != 3HjfOF . l
j) @= vfa (dfG5]) . s'df gf) [;+)] != kfFr jif{;Ddsf] ;fgf] afns . @= ljjfx gePsf]
s]6f] cljjflxt JolQm . #= 5f]f] . $= fhs'df . %= sflt{s]osf] gfd . lj) ^= ljjfx gePs
f] cljjflxt . ~ s]6f] gf) ljjfx ug]{ pd]sf] s]6f] cljjflxt JolQm . ~ u|x gf) ljjfxdf
k'lhg] u|x afnu|x . tGq gf) cfo'j]{bcg';f afnlrlsT;f ug]{ ljlw n]lvPsf] zf:q . kf7L
gf) af]sf;Fu gldl;PsL kf7L . e[Tof gf) != ule{0fL cyjf gjhft lzz'sf f]usf] lrlsT;f
k|;l" tljBf . @= ule{0fL cfOdfO{xsf] k|;"lt;DaGwL x]ljrf k|;"lt ljBf . ;Dej gf) != s
dfsf] hGd . @= dxfslj sflnbf;s[t Ps k|l;4 dxfsfJo . > s'dffdfTo gf) k| f rLg sfnsf]
zf;gk4ltdf pkdGqL jf ;xfos dGqLafasf] Ps kb . s'dflsf gf) [;+)] != s'dfL . @= k'qL .
236

s'dfln e gf) [;+)] af}4 k|efjaf6 x|f; x'b F } uPsf] j}lbs wd{sf] k'g?4f ug]{, z\sfrfo
sf ;dsfnLg Ps dxfg\ cfrfo{ zfa efiosf rlotf tyf cGo >f}t;"qsf k|Voft 6Lsfsf . s'dfL g
) [;+)] != afx| jif{;DdsL cljjflxtf sGof . @= 5f]L k'qL . #= kfj{tL . $= b'uf{ . %
= efb| s[i0fkIfdf ofqf ulg] sf7df8f}s F L Ps b]jL . ~ rf]s gf) OGb|hfqfdf yofqf ulg]
s'dfL a:g] 3sf] rf]s . ~ rf]s cf gf) cl3 sf7df8f}F xg'dfg\9f]sfsf] glhs s'dfLrf]sdf
]sf] axL a'g] cf ;sfL cfvfgfsf] lx;fa a'g] cy{ dGqfnocGtu{tsf] Ps cf (clxn]sf] dxf
of{no) . b]jL gf) efb| z'Sn rt'bz { L jf OGb|hfqfsf lbg yofqf ulg] sf7df8f}F pkTosf
sL Ps hLljt b]jL . s'dfu{ gf) [;+)] != cg'lrt jf vfa af6f] s'ky . @= cwd{ kfk . > s'
dfuL{ lj) s'dfu{df nfUg] cwdL{ kfkL . s'dfnsf]6L gf) [;+) s'Desf sL6] leQflt df6fsf]
nf agfP a:g], af?nfsf cfsfsf] gLnf] nfDrf] Ps sLf] . (o;n] s'g} sLf] vf]h ] NofO{ cfg
] uf]nfleq y'G5 cfgf] e'e F F' zAb ;'gfpFb} To; sLfnfO{ klg cfkm}h F :tf] s'dfnsf]
6L g} agfpF5 eGg] wf0ff 5) . sf] Gofo gf) cnfO{ cfgf l;4fGt jf dtdf Nofpg] v'aL . s'
dfnL gf) x]) s'dfnsf]6L . s'dfn] gf) [;+) s'Desf] != df6fsf efF8fs'8 F f agfpg] Ps
hflt s'Desf s'Dxfn . @= sfgsf] dflyNnf] nf]tLdf d\unsf lglDt nufOg] d'Gb|f] afF8]d'Gb
|f] sf] rqm gf) sfnsf] kljt{gzLn :jk, k|sl[ t jf ult hLjgdf kg]{ ;'vb'Mvsf] 3'dfOlkm
O . s'db ' gf) [;+)] flt k'mNg] ;]tf] sdn rGb|dfsf] ls0f kbf{ jf h"g nfUbf k'mNg] ;
]tf] sdn . > s'dl ' bgL gf) ;]tf t ;fgf k"mn k'mNg] sdnsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn .
s'd]b gf) [c) s'Dd}t] uf9f t]n \usf] Ps yL 3f]8f . s'd]bfg gf) [c) s'De kmf) bfg] fhf
kbsf aLrdf xL sfd ug]{ ;}lgs efbf . s'd]? gf) [;+)] != k[YjLsf] blIf0fL 5]p . @= blI
f0fL w|'j . j[Q gf) ^^) blIf0f cIff+zsf] ]vf . s'Ds' gf) [;+) sfo{s] dg lbP v]tLkf
sfd ug]{ dflg; . s'Dvf gf) [g]jf)] 5fgfsf] 5]pdf hl8g] rfsf cfsfsf] lemFu6L . s'D7
L gf) s'nffsf] gfOs] s'nf] vgfpg] d"nL v]tdf kfgL k'ug ] k'us ] f] x]g{] dflg; . s'D
e gf) [;+)] != s'g} d\unsfo{sf lglDt kfgL e] lgot :yfgdf flvg] df6fsf] efF8f] hnkfq .
@= 38f 36

237

s'Dess'~hg kfg{sf lglDt pkof]u ulg] asf]{ jf o:t} sk8f . (pbf) 3df of}6f s'DNof}6f];D
d gePkl5 s;L ;fdfg n}hfg' ) . @= rs6L . #= ?dfn . s'Dxfns'Dxfn] gf) [;+) s'Desf] x])
s'dfn] . s'oz gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] Voflt ckoz (pbf) s'ozdf nfUg] dflg;nfO{ s;}n] klg
dg kfpFbg } g\ .) . @= abgfdL . s'ofd gf) [s' ofd] tf]lsPsf] eGbf afx]ssf] ;do jf df
};d . s'o]qf] gf) != Hofbf 3f]l6P jf ul8P kftlnFb} n'uf F] f] kmf6]sf] 7fpF . (pbf) e
sf] Pp6f n'ufdf klg s'oq nflu;Sof], s] nfP lax]df hfg' <) . @= sLnf, sfF8f cflbdf
n'uf c8\s] RofltPsf] 7fpF . s'o ] gf) [;+) s'08g > s'8 F g > s'8 F ] != f; y'kf| ]
pv'sf]) . @= s]xL b]Vg, kfpg jf x]g{ e'mlDdPsf dflg;xsf] ;d"x . (pbf) 6'Fl8v]ndf 3
f]8]hfqf x]g{ dflg;x s'o] nfu] al;x]sf 5g\) . s' \ g' c) lqm) [;+) s'08g] != s;}nfO{
] { a:g] sfd ug'{ kv{g' k|tLIff ug'{ ?\g' . @= s'g} j:t' jf JolQmsf] vjfL ug'{ b]v
. #= vfg kfpg] cfzfn] kv{g' 9'Sg' . s' gf) [;+) s'n] != vf; uL hf8f] ofddf df5fx Ps}
7fpFdf y'lk|P a:g] sfd jf To:tf] 7fpF df5fsf] u'F8 . @= y'k|f] f; . #= c+z efu h:t}
s';o efusf] Ps efu, lqs' tLg efusf] Ps efu . o:t} rf}s', krs' cflb . (klZrd e]usf yf
fltdf hUufsf] s't afF8\g] lx;fadf of] rng k|l;4 5) . s's' lqm) lj) [c) d") s' \ c (l)
] != s'sf] cfjfh jf Wjlg afa lg:sg] uL . gf) @= To:tf] Wjlg jf cfjfh . s's'! ] g
'g,] kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg], 8fF7 jf xfFufdf w]} cfFVnf x'g] s]6fs]6Lxn] tL cfFVnfff
cfFvfdf tfNrf dfL v]Ng] Ps 3fF; . s's'@ ] lj) [s's' P] s's' zAb ug]{ s's'sf] cf
~ a}; gf) ev{ev{ cfpg nfu]sf] jf hf]agsf] cNnf]kgf glglv|Psf] a}F; s'v']a}F; . ~
f) l3p lrgLdf v;|f] kL7f] d'5 ] ksfOg] Ps k|sfsf] ld7fO{ (vh'L) . ~ xf8 gf) 9f8df x'g
] gd xf8 . s'\u gf) [;+)] != s[i0f;fsf cfsfk|sfsf] v}f] x'g] 7"nf] d[usf] Ps h
f d[u . #= tf;sf] t'?k v]ndf af]lnPsf] \u (t'?k) afx]s c tLg \u . $= ab\u ah\u .
RrL;sf v]ndf ftf], ;]tf] jf kx]Fnf]afx]ssf] sfnf] jf xlof] uf]6L . s'~hg gf) x]) s'/
Ghg .

ufu|f] . #= xfQLsf 6fpsfsf] b'j}lt p7]sf] dflyNnf] efu (h'f]) . $= Hof]ltifzf:qdf

afx| flzdWo] P3ff}F flz . %= afx| jif{sf] cGt jf cjlw . s'Des gf) [;+)] k|0ffofd ubf{
dfly tflgPsf] ;f;nfO{ gfs d'v aGb uL f]s] k]6nfO{ s'Deh:tf] agfpg] sfd . s'Des0f{ g
f) [;+)] != s]s;Lsf] ue{af6 hGd]sf], lj>jf d'lgsf] dflxFnf] 5f]f] 5 dlxgf;Dd ;'Tg]
egL k|l;4 fj0fsf] dflxFnf] efO . @= k"jL{ g]kfndf kg]{ lxdfnosf] Ps z[v \ nf . lj
) #= w]} ;'Tg] ;'tfxf . $= dxfsf] cN5L . s'Desf gf) [;+)] xfF8L, ufu|f cflb df6fsf e
fF8fs'F8f agfpg] lzNksf s'dfn] . s'DehGdf gf) [;+)] != cu:To d'lg . @= jlzi7 Clif .
#= b|f0 ] ffrfo{ . s'Ded]nf gf) [;+)] s'Deflzdf j[x:klt ;"o{ Ps;fy ePsf] a]nfdf P
s dlxgf;Dd nfUg] 7"nf] d]nf . (of] d]nf x]s afx| jif{df k|ofu, xlf, s'?If]q cflbdf n
fUg] u5{) . s'lDesf gf) [;+)] cgbL wfg . s'DeL gf) [;+)] != 7"n7"nf kft, u'nfkmhfd
'gfsf 9fFrfsf] k"mn nfDrf xlof kmn x'g] ljz]iftM tfO{df kfOg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] k
mn . @= xfQL . #= u|fx . kfs gf) != k|f0fLsf] xTof ug]n { fO{ oftgf lbOg] egL k|l
;4 Ps dxfgs . @= pl;g]h:tf] ;fx|} udL{ x'g] 7fpF . s'DeLn gf) [;+)] xltofn] ;'? vg] 3
eq k;L rf]g]{ rf] gsahgL ug]{ rf] . s'Dnfs'DnL gf) [s'Dnf] s'DnL] ;fgf7"nf w]} s'Dnfs
;d"x . s'lDng' c) lqm) [s'Dnf] O g'] != s'Dnf] x'g' . @= ue{jtL x'g' . s'DnL gf) [s'Dnf
] O{] ;fgf] s'Dnf] . s'Dn] lj) [s'Dnf] P] != s'Dnf] af]Sg] s'Dnf] af]s]sf] jf s'Dnf]h:
tf] . @= kb]zL rfnsf] . #= kfPhlt ;f]xf]g{ vf]Hg] vfnsf] . $= duGt] . ~ lax] gf) !
= s]xL lbgsf] af6f] k uP jf a]x'nLs} 3ufpFdf a;] ulg] 5f]6sL lsl;dsf] lax] kb]zL rf
lax] . @= afhf gahfO{ yf]} hGtL nu] jf hGtLljgf g} ulg] laxf . s'Dnf] gf) [s'd nf]] s'
ddf e'mG8fO{ 8F8fNgfdf af]lsg] 7"nf] kf]sf] s'6'f] . ~ s;fO gf) kb]z hfg cfF6\g] sfd
. ~ s'6 ' f] gf) kf]sfkf]sL kf] s'ddf af]lsg] efL . s'Dnf] af]sL a;}, F k]jf sf6L b;}
(pvfg) . s'DNofO gf) [ s'DNofp (cfO)] s'Dnf] kfg]{ jf s'DNofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ >
] s'DNofOg' s) lqm) != s'Dnf] kflg' kf]sf] afFlwg' . @= af]s] nlug' s'DNofpg] sfd ulg
. s'DNofpg' ;) lqm) != s'Dnf] kfg'{ kf]sf] afFWg' . @= af]s] nfg' . #= hDd} xftnfu
L ug'{ . s'DNof}6f] gf) != s'Dnf]

s'Ghgs'sL{ s'Ghg gf) [;+) s'n~hg] != cfo'j]{bdf clUgj4{s, ?lrsfs, ud vf]sL x6fpg] u
atfOPsf] kfgsf nxfsf] hf] . @= s'ln~hg . s'd'ofO gf) [ s'd'ofp (cfO)] s'd'ofpg]
|lqmof . [ > ] s'd'ofOg' s) lqm) s'd'ofpg] sfd ulg' . s'd'ofpg' ;) lqm) h]hlt ePs
P hfg' u'6d'6fpg' s'DNofpg' . s'f gf) [ s'f]] s'f]sf] ax'jrg x'Fbf aGg] k s'f]
(cfO)] s'g]{ sfd jf k|lqmof kvf{O 9'sfO . [ > ] s'fOg' s) lqm) s'g{ nfOg' kvf{Og' ?
. s'fp6] lj) [s'f]cfp6]] != s'f ulxg] . @= rflxFbf grflxFbf w]} s'f ug]{ jf To:tf
] s'f}6] ukmL . #= 5'NofOF ug]{ 5'Nofxf . s'fpgL gf) [;+) s"lr{sf] != w]} a] b"w tt
nf] kfL agfOPsf] vfg] s'f v'jf s'/f}gL . @= ttfpFbf b"w 89] s'F8]df g} hd]sf] kfk|f]
. s'fpg' k|) ] lqm) [s' \ cfp g'] s'g{ nfpg' kvf{pg' ?fpg' 9'sfpg' . s'fsfgL gf)
s'g} klg k|;\udf cfk'm;df ulg] s'f]sGyf] aftlrt . @= af]nrfn . s'f rkfpg' 6') f\
|L gvf]Ng' . (pbf) tkfO{+ t ePsf] s'f klg fd|L eGg'x'Gg, lsg s'f rkfPsf] <) . s'fg
c)] xht d'xDdbsf jf0fLsf] ;\sng ePsf], d';ndfgxsf] k|l;4 wd{uG |y. s'L s'L gf) != s'g
JolQmk|lt ;dodf ug'{kg]{ s'f gubf{ kl5 x'g] ysysL jf s'g} sfd gubf{ x'g] nHhfsf]
af]w dgsf] ;u;uL . @= afnaf]nLdf nHhf sLL (h'd|f) ] . s'lh gf) [kmf) s'LFh] != rfr'
sf k'fgf KjfFvx em] cfpg] gofF KjfFvxsf] pd|fO . @= s'rf{ . #= pQL0f{ geP w]} jif{;D
p6} sIffdf 8lNnOxg] l:ylt . $= c;kmntf . s'lg gf) != xFl;of, v'kf{ cflb xltofdf wf nu
fpg, ;fg agfpg x'g] v;|f] sfnf] 9'\uf] . @= d}bfem}F w"nf] t'NofO{ nfxf;Fu ld;fP k
sfO{ ;fg agfpg] sfddf k|of]udf cfpg], 7"nf gbLsf lsgfdf st}st} y'lk|P xg] lssf}{Fn]
9'\uf] . s'lg' s) lqm) [s'\ O g'] s'g]{ sfd ulg' . s'lof gf) [s'\ Oof] != csf] hUu
ltf] lt] a:g] }tL latf{jfsf] hUufdf 3 agfP a:g] df]xL (Ps k|sfsf] afFwf) . lj) @=
fndQf, hUufhldg cflb s'g]{ (JolQm) s'?jf . s'lnf] gf) [;+) sL] xlofkx]N5f dl;gf kft
]
238

;;fgf] ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] ftf] uf]n kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] sfF8fbf af]6 (of] 7"nf] ;fg
f] b'O{ lsl;dsf] x'G5 . o;sf 6';f tsfLsf lglDt vf; uL lafdLnfO{ v'jfpgdf k|l;4 5) .
s'L gf) [;+) s'6L] != afF;sf rf]ofn] a'g]sf] xfF; cflb xfNg] Ps lsl;dsf] sf]qmf] .
@= v]tafLdf agfOPsf] afnL s'g]{ ;fgf] 5fk|f] . #= sLf (afnaf]nLdf) u'hL h'd|f] . $=
afnssf] hgg]lGb|o t'/L t't'/f] . s'Llt gf) [;+)] ;fdflhs lxt jf:tljstfsf ljkLt rNg]
ghftL Llt s'ky | f gfd|f] cg'lrt rng . s'?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") s'?s\ s] xNsf rfnn] ef
Fbf jf ;fx|f] kbfy{ rkfpFbf zAb lg:sg] lsl;d . s'?If]q gf) [;+)] != eftsf] lbNnLgl
hs} xlof0ff fHodf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 tLy{ k|frLg sfndf sf}j kf08jxsf aLr o'4 ePsf] e"ld .
@= 3df;fgsf] n8fOF . lj) #= 5]nf]v]nf] k|z:t w]} . sf] d]nf gf) != Stkftk"0f{ 7"nf]
'4 . @= s'?If]qdf >Ls[i0fn] ch'g { nfO{ uLtfsf] pkb]z u]sf] 7fpFsf] s'08df k|foM
;"o{u|x0f nfu]sf cj;df x'g] d]nf . s'?{ lqm) lj) [c) d") s'] \ x]) s'{ (nuftfsf] cy{d
) . s'?jf! lj) [s'\ pjf] != s'g{] jf kv{g] ?\g] . @= x] ljrf jf vjfL ug]{ . #= 9'S
f@ gf) [;+) s'8j] != b'O{ dfgf jf aL; d'7Lsf] gfkf] . @= b'O{ dfgf elg] k|foM lkQn
] wft'sf] efF8f] . lj) #= b'O{dfg] aL; d'7Lafasf] . s'k lj) [;+)] != lx:;L jf cg'xf g
sf] gfd|f] ljk ckf\u . @= 5fF6 gldn]sf] a]9\usf] . tf gf) s'k x'gfsf] cj:yf, sf
s'kf lj) [;+)] k gePsL gfd|L ckf\u ePsL . s' ] lj) [s'f] P] w]} s'f ug]{ x]) s
s' Pt] != a"9L cf}Fnf] rf] cf}Fnf] tGsfpFbfsf gfkf]elsf] . gf) @= xftsf] a"9L cf}n F
f] rf]cf}n F f] tGsfP ulg] gfkf] . s'f]! gf) [;+) s'6h] n'ufdf lag] jf 6fFl;g] Ps h
f] 3fF;sf] e'm; . s'f]@ gf) [;+) s'] != s'g} ljifodf s;}nfO{ s]xL eGg] sfd jftf{ af]n
L jrg . @= eGgfsf] tfTko{ egfO . #= ljifo k|;\u . $= rLh j:t' . sGyf] gf) s'f] s
L . s'f}6 ] lj) [s'/f cf}6] ] x]) s'/fp6] . s'f}gL gf)x]) s'/fpgL . s'sL{! gf) [t') s'
{ O{] != ;sfL cf1fcg';f s;}sf] ;DklQ lnnfd ug]{ sfd . @= lbPsf] C0f ;wfpg j}w pkfon
] C0fLsf] ;DklQ cfgf] cwLg t'Nofpg] jf lnnfd

239

s'sL{s'n b]ptf k|sfsf] 3fF; . s'l;{of] gf) [c\) qmfr]6] sk8fdf a'f sf9\g] cff]sf 9fFr
sf] 6'Kkf] dfl:t kms]{sf] ;'Of] . s';L{ gf) [c)] kl5lNt cf8f ePsf] rfv'] cUnf] cf;g
bf d]r s'rL{ . s'n! lj) [c)] hDdf ;a} ;d:t ;Dk"0f{ tdfd a]dfv . s'n@ gf) [;+)] !=
{b]lvsf] Pp6} y, uf]q, ;DaGw cflbsf] 3fgf j+z . @= hfltaGw'xsf] ;d"x laGb|fnf] vfgbfg
. #= ;d"x ;d'bfo . > s'ns lj) != c;n s'ndf hGd]sf] . @= sflu txsf] k|wfg . gf) #= pR
r s'ndf hGd]sf] lzNksf . $= Ps jfSoleq kg]{ kfFr kfFreGbf a9L Znf]sxsf] ;d"x . sn\s
gf) != s'nsf] dfgk|lti7f :jfxf kfg]{ sfd . lj) @= s'ndf sn\s jf bfu nufpg] s'nf\uf .
~ sljnf gf) hxfg5f]f5f]L . ~ s'6D ' a gf) hflt ;;fOg'sf gftfbf Oi6ldq aGw'ju{ .
gf) [;+)] vfa nIf0f s'nlR5g cnlR5g cd\un laR5's . > s'nIf0fL lj) vfa nIf0f ePsL cn
:qL) . s'nu'? gf) [;+)] lktfk'vf{b]lv dfGb} jf k'Hb} cfPsf u'? s'nsf u'? j+zsf u'? .
s'n3 gf) [;+) s'n k|f) 3] != s'nkDkfb]lv al;cfPsf] h]7f] 3 . @= j+zsf] d'Vo 3 . #=
f] 3 . s'n 3fg gf) [s'n 3fg] != c;n rfnrng ePsf] 3 >]i7 3fgf pQd vfgbfg pRr s'n .
] rfnrng . > s'n3flgof lj) pQd s'nsf] s'n3fgsf] . s'nlR5g gf) [;+) s'nIf0f] gfd|f] j
hftL nlR5g cnlR5g cd
\un . > s'nlR5gL lj) != s'nlR5g ePsf] . @= gfd|f] nlR5g x'g] (:qL
) . s'n6 gf) [;+)] cfk"mn] hGdfPb]lv afx]ssf 5f]f wd{k'q kflnt k'q . s'n6f gf) [;+)]
!= w]} dflg;;Fu ;DaGw fVg] cfOdfO{ Jolerfl0fL :qL 08L j]Zof . @= ljjflxt kltnfO{ 5f]
kf]On hfg] :qL . s'nt gf) [s'nt] gfd|f] afgLa]xf] vfa jf ghftL nt s'Jo;g . s'n tGq
;+)] s'g} ljlzi6 s'nsf] gfosn] g} fHosf] zf;g ug]{ jf rnfpg] zf;gk4lt . s'nltns gf
) [;+)] s'nsf] OHht pHofnf] kfg]{ JolQm s'nsf] k|sfz s'nbLks . s'n bLks gf) [;+)] s
'nnfO{ pHHjn kfg]{ JolQm s'nsf] k|sfz s'nltns . s'n b]ptf gf) [;+) s'nb]jtf] x]) s'
nb]js'nb]jtf .

ug]{ sfd . s'sL{@ gf) [ <] 8G8L cflbdf k]r sf6\g] kmnfd] Hofan Ps'jf . s's'{Rr] lj)
[s'sR { rf]P] s's'{Rrf] ePsf] s's'{Rrfsf] . ~ h'Qf gf) cUnf] s's'{Rrf ePsf] Ps k|s
fsf] h'Qf . s'sR {' rf] gf) k}tfnfsf] k5fl8klsf] jf uf]nLufF7fb]lv dlGtsf] 8Nnf] ;fx
|f] efu . s's'{] gf) [;+) s'?] ;fgf sf];f x'g] Ps hftsf] s]f . s'rf{ gf) [kmf) s'Lh]
c;lhnf] kffsf] Ps} 7fpFsf] a;fO 8lNnP Ps} 7fpFdf a:g'kg]{ l:ylt jf jfWotf . ~ vfg' 6
') nlG7P a:g' 8lNng' . s'lr{g' c) lqm) [s'rf{ O g'] s'rf{ vfg' c;lhnf];u F a:g' . s'rL
) x]) s';L{ . s'Rof{O gf) s'lr{g] sfd jf k|lqmof . s'Rof{Og' s) lqm) s'lr{g nfOg' s
'rf{ v'jfOg' . s'Rof{pg' k|) ] lqm) s'rf{ v'jfpg' s'lr{g nfpg' c;lhnf];u F a;fpg' .
s'tf{ gf) [t') s'Q] { s7fnf] ePsf] jf gePsf] afx'nfdf skm gePsf], s'gf k]sf] km] x
'g,] k|foM udL{ ofd jf udL{ 7fpFdf nufOg] sldhsf 9fFrfsf] klxg Ps k|sfsf] kmQ' jf c
nvf . ;njf gf) s'tf{;lxtsf] ;njf s'tf{ ;njf . s'yf{ gf) [t') s'Q{] x]) s'tf{ . s'
) Ps k|sfsf] h\unL nxf] . s'g; {] s'g; {} gf) [kmf) sf]lgz] != g'x] ulg] ;nfd gd|
ulg] gd:sf . (of] zAb g]kfnLdf ljz]if uL PstGqL hxflgofF zf;gdf k|rlnt lyof]) . @=
;fOsnsf kf\u|fsf] aLrdf kg]{ 8G8Lsf b'j}lt xg] u]8L c8fpg] Ps k|sfsf] l9d|L . s'af{g
L gf) aln x'g] sfd alnbfg . s'dL{ gf) tfO{lt a:g] tsfL a]Rg] Ps hflt . s' { lqm) l
d") s'\ ] != ;;fgf afns;Fu v]Nbf sfg}df d'v nu] sfgfsfgf ub}{ :g]xk"js { elgg] zAb . @
uLtsf] 6'U \ ofpgL jf xgLdf ;' ldnfpg elgg] k|d ] ;"rs zAb . s'ng { ' c) lqm) [s' (
zAb) ;+) ns (hfg')] != r8\sf :jn] af]Ng' jf hf]; l;n] sfpg' . @= 9's' cflb rfn] af]N
. > s'nf{O gf) s'n{g] sfd jf k|lqmof . s'nf{Og' s) lqm) sfpg nfOg' s'n{g nfOg' . s'n
f{pg' k|) ] lqm) sfpg nfpg' s'n{g nfpg' . s'ln{g' c) lqm) 7"nf] :jn] sfpg' jf af]lng'
. s'n]{9's' gf) [s'n { P 9's ' ] r8\sf u'Ghg] vfnsf] af]nL x'g] 7"nf] hftsf] 9's' .
{Fnf] gf) lrG8]sf h:t} kft x'g], kxfx'Fbf] knfpg] Ps

s'n b]js'n b]jtfs'NkmL s'n b]js'n b]jtf gf) [;+)] != kDkfb]lv dflgcfPsf b]jtf k'Vof}
b]jtf . @= b]jfnLdf k"hf ulg] b]jtf . s'n wd{ gf) [;+)] lktfk'vf{b]lv rn] cfPsf] cf
r0f jf Jojxf s'nn] dfGg] u]sf] wd{ . s'nw"n gf) [s'n w"n] xf8gftf jf To:tf] gftfdf ePs
] ;DaGw . s'ngf gf) 8f]nLsf] sf7df c8fpg] ;fwg . + g] kfgsf] hf . s'nGhg gf) [kmf) v
f]nh s'nklt gf) [;+)] != ljZjljBfno, ljBfkL7 jf k|1f k|lti7fgsf pRrtd clwsfL . @= l
jBfyL{xnfO{ e0fkf]if0f ub}{ lzIff lbg] cWofks . #= b; xhf ljBfyL{nfO{ ef]hg lzIffbL
Iff lbg] Clif . s'n kDkf gf) [;+)] lktfk'vf{b]lv rlncfPsf] Lltlylt jf rng s'nsf] kDk
zkDkf . s'nkj{t gf) [;+)] kf}fl0fs syfcg';f dx]Gb|, dno, ;Xo, zlStdfg, CIf, ljGWo kf
fq gfpF u]sf k[YjLsf ;ftj6f kj{tsf] ;d"x . s'n k'?if gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'nsf cflbk
'?if . @= j+zsf ;~rfns k|l;4 k'?if . s'n k'f]lxt gf) [;+)] s'ndf klxn]bl] v dflgcf
Psf k'f]lxt j+zsf k'f]lxt . s'nkmf gf) [kmf) v'kmf{] ;fu vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] dl;g' emf .
s'n of]u lj) [s'n of]u] xlx;fasf] hf]8df k'5fdf lgsflng] hDdfhDdL ;Dk"0f{ . s'n jw" gf
[;+)] != c;n s'nsL jw" 3flgofF a'xfL . @= s'nLg :qL . s'njGt lj) [s'n jGt] c;n s'n3fg
sf] s'nLg vfgbfgL . s'njfg\ lj) [;+)] s'nLg vfgbfgL . s'n ;lrj gf) [;+)] ljZjljBfno,
ljBfkL7, u'?s'n cflbdf ;+:yfsf] sfutkq;lxt cfjZos ljifoJoj:yfsf ;a} ljj0f fVg] fd|f
] k|aGw klg ug]{ k|d'v kbflwsfL lh:6f kl~hsflwsfL ;b:o;lrj . s'nf\uf lj) [s'n c
ufpg] s'nsf] gfz ug]{ . (pbf) s'nf\uf 5f]fn] w]} ;Tofgfz gkfL s] 5f]8\5 ) s'nfrf
s'ndf rlncfPsf] Lltlylt jf cfrf Jojxf s'nwd{ . s'nfog gf) [;+)] != s'nk'vf{n] dflgcf
sf b]jtf s'nb]jtf . @= j+zkDkf . s'nflosf gf) [;+)] != rfr'?\uLx flvg] :yfg kIfLzf
fvfgf . @= lkFh8f . s'nff gf) [ s'nff]] s'nf] vGg hfg] ufpFn]xsf] tfFtL
240

jf ;d"x . s'nff] gf) [s'nf]cff]] != s'nf] vGg] dflg; . @= g]kfnLsf] Ps yL hft jf y .

'lns gf) [;+)] x]p ;k{ . s'ln~hg gf) [;+)] != cb'jfsf 5fF6sf] sGb x'g] Ps k|sfsf] jg
:klt . s'lng gf) df6fsf] ;fgf] efF8f] uf]Nk'm . > s'lng] gf) s'lng af]Sg] dflg; b"w
a]Rg] sfd ug]{ JolQm . s'nLg lj) [;+)] pRr jf c;n s'nsf] 3flgofF vfgbfgL . ~ tGq gf)
pRr s'nsf JolQmxff rnfOg] zf;g k4lt . s'n's'n' lqm) lj) [c) d") s'n \ p (l))] != kfg
s'nf] cflb aUbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= s'Nnf ubf{ zAb lg:sg] uL . s'n'Nn lqm) lj
) [c) d") s'n \ pNn] kfgL, s'nf] cflb aUbf jf s'Nnf ubf{ hf]8n] zAb cfpg] uL . s'n
" gf) [g]jf)] d[b\u, tanf cflbdf 5fnf df]xf]g]{ sfd ug]{ Ps hflt . s'n]nd! gf) [s'b
\ ndnd] cnfO{ yfxfkQ} glbO{ efUg] sfd ;'Os F R ' rf . s'nn ] d@ lqm) lj) [s'b \ ndnd]
!= cnfO{ yfxfkQ} glbO{ . gf) @= an]gLsf] kfgL hDg glbgfsf lglDt 3sf] jlkl vg] agfOPsf
kfgLsf] ;fgf] lgsf; tf]; . #= v]tafLsf] ;fgf] vfFb . s'nf] gf) [;+) s'Nof] v]tafLdf
kfgL k6fpg gbL, tnfp cflbaf6 vg] NofOg] kfgLsf] ;f]tf] To;L NofOPsf] kfgL lxF8\g]
ulxf] af6f] . s'Ns'nL gf) dgsf] t'na'nL . (pbf) 3 5f8] cfPb]lv pgsf] ;Demgfn] dgdf s'
Ns'nL nfu]s} 5) . s'Nrg' ;) lqm) [;+) s'~rg] != s'g} j:t'dfly uf]8fn] 6]Sg' k}tfnfn
] drSs kfL lyRg' . @= ;lhn};Fu lhTg' lsRg' . > s'NrfO gf) s'Nrg] sfd jf k|lqmof . s
'NrfOg' s) lqm) uf]8fn] 6]sfOg' s'Nrg nfOg' . s'Nrfpg' k|) ] lqm) s'Nrg nfpg' k}tfnf
n] lyrfpg' . s'lNrg' s) lqm) != uf]8fn] 6]lsg' s'Nrg] sfd ulg' . c) lqm) @= s'Nrg]
sfd x'g' . ;) lqm) #= s'Nrg' uf]8fn] lyRg' . s'NrLldNrL lqm) lj) [s'Nr O{ (l))] a];L s
'Nrg] jf v'Fb\g] lsl;dn] . s'NRofO gf) [s'lNr ofO] s'lNrg] sfd jf k|lqmof . s'NkmL g
f) [c)] != r'f]6 xfn] vfOg] wft', 9'\uf cflbsf] ;fgf] gnL jf 9'\u|f] . @= x'Ssfsf gn
Lsf] 6'Kkfdf hl8g] wft'sf] af\uf] gnL jf 9'\u|f] . #= s'g} rLhdf 3'Dg jf

241

s'Nofs';'d s'zfu| lj) [;+)] s'zsf] 6'Kkf]h:tf] tLvf] clt tLI0f ;fx|} rgfvf] . ~ a'l4
lj) cToGt tLI0f a'l4 ePsf] a'l4dfg\ . s'zf;g gf) [;+)] != k"hfkf7 tyf z'e sfo{x ubf
{ a:gsf lglDt agfOPsf] s'zsf] cf;g . @= vfa lsl;dn] rnfOPsf] jf b]zdf cJoj:yf km}
lng] zf;g b'Mzf;g . s'lzs gf) [;+)] != ljZjfldq Clifsf afh]sf] gfd . @= To;} gfddf
rn]sf] Ps k|frLg cfo{jz + jf pQm j+zsf] JolQm . s'z ] lj) x]) s';] . ~ cf}; L gf)
x]) s';] cf}F;L . s'zZ ] j gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf] hgsk' c~rndf kg]{ b'Dhfdf l:yt k|l;4
Ps lzjln
\u . s'i7 gf) [;+)] zLdf Stljsfaf6 pTkGg x'g] tyf 5fnf, g;f cflb uNb} ;8\b
fg] Ps s8f f]u dxff]u sf] . > s'i7L lj) s'i7f]u nfu]sf] dxff]uL sf]L . s'idf08
l5lKkFbf k'm;|f] kft x'g], tsfL jf crf vfOg] Ps nx] kmn s'leG8f] . @= lzjsf] Ps u0f .
~ gjdL gf) sflQs z'Sn gjdL q]tfo'uflb gjdL s'leG8f] bfg ug]{ dxj atfOPsf] pQm ltlys
f] lbg . s';
\u gf) [;+)] vfa jf ghftL dflg;x;Fusf] a;p7 gfd|f] ;
\ut . > s';
\ut gf)
s';
\ult gf) gfd|f] ;
\ult ghftL dflg;l;tsf] a;fp7L . s';g gf) [c
\) s'zg] a:gsf lglDt
]5fOg] df]6f] u2f . bf lj) To:tf] u2f ePsf] s';gsf 9fFrfsf] . s';do gf) [;+)] != pko
Qm gePsf], l:ylt lau|s ] f] jf gfd|f] ;do s'an ] f . @= cg'sn " gePsf] ;do a]df}sf
. #= s'g} z'e sfo{sf lglDt lgif]w ulPsf] ;do s';fOt . $= b'Mvsi6sf] a]nf . s';Skf gf
) [ln)] != Rofa|'
gfrdf ufOg] d
\unfr0f To:tf] uLt;lxtsf] gfr . @= jL ;o'St uLt . s';
Ot gf) [;+)] nlR5g gePsf] jf gfd|f] ;fOt s';do . s';fpf] gf) [sf];fcfpf]] df;, d:of
f; cflb r'6] u]8f 5'fO{ ar]sf vf]:6] sf];f, kft, lemqmf cflb j:t' s';f}/f] . s';fs7L
gf) [g]jf) s';fsly] lrpf s'6\tf 3fg nfpg] sf7, afF; cflbsf] bflanf]h:t} ;fwg . s'
;fv lj) != c;n ;fv gePsf] . @= lafgf], gftf;fOg' fd|f] gkg]{ . (pbf) ;'u|Lj\ xf] slt
;fv\ d x"F slt s';fv\ xf b}j Sof dg\ lbof} efg'eQm) . s';G ' 8f] gf) != sf7df8f}s
F+ f] klZrdblIf0fsf] h\unL e]udf a:g] cr]n lvOFb} uPsf] 3'dGtf Ps hflt . lj) @= c
;Eo . #= w';|f]k'm;|f] gf\uf]e't'\uf] . :qL) s';'G8L . s';d ' gf) [;+)] != k"mn k'i
. @= h:jnf x'Fbf lg:sg] :qLsf] h . #= ;;fgf] jfSodf n]lvPsf] uB . $= kx]Fnf]

To;nfO{ 3'dfpg sl;g] wft'sf] 6'qmf] . $= b"w xfn] akmh:t} hdfOg] l6gsf] uf]nf], nf
lDrnf] efF8f] jf 9'\u|f] . %= dnfO{ akm . s'Nof gf) [;+)] != s'nf] gx . @= gfnf ;fgf
bL . s'Nofg lj) [s'n ofg] s'nsf] s'ndf rn]sf] s'n jf kDkf;DaGwL . s'Nofxf lj) [s'n cf
= s'nnfO{ lkg]{ s'nnfO{ lauf ug]{ . @= ljb|f]xL if8\oGqsfL . s'Nn lqm) lj) [c) d") s'
n\ n] kfgL, s'nf] cflb aUbf jf s'Nnf ubf{ Ps} emd6df cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . s'Nnf gf
) [;+) s'Nof] d'v ;kmf kfg{ d'vdf kfgL lnP s'ns'n uL y'Sg] sfd . s'NnL gf) [t') s'n
L] vf; uL sfvfgf, :6];g cflbdf efL af]s] hLljsf rnfpg] HofdL elof dhb' . s'jf gf)
k] xftn] kfgL pefpg ;lsg] jf e]l6g], dflg;n] agfPsf] ;fgf] hnfzo s"jf . sf] Aof lj)
s]xL gb]Vg] jf yfxf gkfpg] cFWoff]df a;]sf] a'4" . s'jfRo gf) [;+)] != csf] dgdf lag
jrg b'jr { g b'jf{Ro . @= x]nfsf] af]nL ufnL . s'jfkft] gf) nflDrnf kft tyf aflx ;]t
f] leq xlof] x'g], ufO{j:t'nfO{ v'jfOg] Ps k|sfsf] a'6f] . s'ljrf gf) [;+)] vfa ljrf
|f] efjgf . (pbf) s'ljrfdf nfUg] dflg; pFef] nfUg ufx|f] x'G5 .) . s'j ] gf) [;+)]
x]) s'a] . s'Jojxf gf) [;+)] s;}k|lt ulg] vfa jf gfd|f] Jojxf cg'lrt sfd jf Jojxf
s'Jojxf ug]{ dflg;l;t ;\ut} gu] a]; x'G5) . s'z gf) [;+)] != wfld{s sfo{ tyf o1 cflb
df rflxg] kljq dflgPsf] sfF;h:tf] Ps k|sfsf] emf jf 3fF; . @= b'j}kl wfdf dl;gf bfFt
h:tf sfF9f ePsf] w]} k|frLg sfnsf] Ps xltof . #= fdsf h]7f 5f]fsf] gfd . $= k'f0fcg';
f Ps Lksf] gfpF . sl08sf s'zff o1j]bLsf] ;+:sf ug]{ j]bdGq clUg:yfkgf ug]{ k|flDe
u|lGy gf) != s'zsf] u|lGy . @= s'g}s'g} s'zsf] hfdf kfOg] ljz]if k|sfsf] ufF7f] .
atf{ gf) fhfdxffhfxaf6 xftdf ltns'z lnO{ ;a} ltf]sf] sd dfkm u] a|fXd0fnfO{ bfgsf
lbPsf] latf{ (hUuf) . s'zn lj) [;+)] != s'z gfdsf] xltof rnfpg l;kfn' . @= s'g} kl
g sfds'f fd|L ug{ hfGg] jf of]Uo kdf sfo{ ;Dkflbt ug]{ lgk'0f k|jL0f bIf . #= rnfv
. gf) $= ;Grf] cffd . %= z'e d\un enf] . If]d gf) s'zn, ;DkGg tyf :j:y l:ylt ;Grf]
:tf . tf gf) s'zn x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf .

s';'dfsf/s"6 k"mn k'mNg] aLhaf6 t]n lg:sg] Ps af]6 . slnsf gf) k"mnsf] sf]lknf . k
mn gf) nfDrf kft x'g], ;]tf dl;gf k"mn k'mNg], kx]n F f uf]n kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf
To;}sf] kmn ;ffDn . af0f gf) != ;Def]usf] tLj| OR5fn] x'g] pTkL8g . @= sfdb]j s';d
' z . jf6L gf) Ps k|sfsf] jg:kltljz]if . z gf) sfdb]j s';d ' af0f . :tjs gf) k
R5f . s';d ' fs gf) [;+)] != j;Gt Ct' (pbf) s';'dfssf] cfFrn kqmL, dnfO{ slt vf]HbL
x'g\ k|s[lt . l;l4r0f) . @= k"mnafL au}Frf . s';d ' f~hln gf) [;+)] != b]jtfnfO{ r9f
pg cFhn ' Ldf lnOPsf] k"mn k'ikf~hln . @= pbogfrfo{ff lnlvt Ps k|l;4 Gofou|Gy . s';
'dfo'w gf) [;+)] sfdb]j . s';'d] lj) [s';d ' P] xNsf ftf] \usf] s';'d \usf] . (pbf
f ;fgf] s';d ' ] ?dfn wf]Olbg] sf]O{ 5}g, lafgf] b]zdf d} dluP f]Olbg] sf]O{ 5}g .
nf]suLt) . s';D ' e gf) [;+)] != s';'dsf] af]6 jf k"mn . @= s]; s's \ d ' . s';'f] gf
6';fsf h:tf] cfsfsf] s'g} j:t' . s'; ] lj) [s'z P] s'zsf] s'z;DaGwL . ~ cf}; L gf) e
f} dlxgfsf] cdfj:of ltly . (o; lbg sfl6Psf] s'z jif{ lbg;Dd af;L dflgGg) . s';q
] f] gf) [g]jf) s';fPqf]] != k'fgf] jf ;fgf]ltgf] sfdrnfp 5ftf 3'd . @= yf]qf] 2L sk
f jf o:t} s'g} j:t' . s';f}/f] gf)x]) s';fp/f] . s':t lj) rflxg] jf lngaf]Sg ;s];D
dsf] k"fk" k|z:t edf . s':tfs':tL gf) [s':tLs':tL] k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ k5fg{ kg]
m;cfk'm;sf] n8Gt . s':tL gf) [kmf) s'ZtL] k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ k5fg{sf nflu ulg] n8Gt
jf To:tf] v]n dNno'4 kxndfgL . afh gf) s':tL v]Ng] jf s':tL n8\g] ;f]v ePsf] dflg; k
xndfg . s':t' lj) ;fx|} 8fPsf] q:t n'un'u sfd]sf] eoeLt . s':n] gf) [;+) s'zLnj] afh
hfpg], n'uf l;pg] cflb sfd ug]{ k];f ePsf] g]jfLefifL Ps hflt . ~ afhf gf) s':n]xn]
ahfpg] afhf . s'x gf) [;+)] b'nf] Kjfn . (pbf) hlt eg] klg pgsf] s0f{s'xdf s]xL 3';]
g) . s'xfO gf) [ s'x' (+cfO)] s'x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] s'xfOg' s) lqm) ;8fOg'
s'x'g nfOg' . s'xfpg' k|) ] lqm) ;8fpg' s'x'g nfpg' . s'lxg' c) lqm) s'x'g] sfd xf]
Og'
242

;l8g' . s'lxg]6f] gf) [s'lxg'P6f]] s'gf] k/]sf] 7fpF s]xL 3'ds ] f] 7fpF s'xg ' 6 ]
f] s'Og]6f] . s'lxL d08n gf) [s'lxf]O;+) d08n] afbn t'jfFnf], w"jfF, w"nf] cflbn] 9k
9fSg] sfd . s'lx] lj) [s'lxf]P] != s'lxf] cfFvf ePsf] s'O] . gf) @= c
\u|]h o'f]kd
lt . s'lxf] gf) != w"jfFh:tf] b]lvg] lr;f] xfjfdf ldn]sf] hns0f s'Of] x':;' . lj) @=
w"jfF nfu]h:tf] s}nf] (cfFvf) . sf] sfu 6') s]xL yfxf gkfOg] cj:yf jf cGof]ndf kbf
{ b[i6fGt lbg] af]nL . s'x ' g' c) lqm) [k|f) s'x < ;+) s'y] s'g} j:t' lr;f] nfu],
cf]On], un] ;8\g' b'u{GwL x'g' lau|g' ao]lng' . s'x' s'x ' gf) [c) d") s'x" (l))] sf
Lsf] ;'lnf] cfjfh . s'xg ' ' gf) [;+) s"k{] kfv'f gfLsf hf]gL{sf] tNnf] ;fx|f] efu
s'x'g]6f] gf) x]) s'lxg]6f] . s'x " gf) [;+)] rGb|dfsf] snf gb]lvg] cf}F;Lsf] ft .
s'x" s'x " gf) x]) s'x' s'x' . [c) d") s'x" (l))] sf]OnLsf] ;'lnf] cfjfh . s'x]qf]
gf) [s'x' Pqf]] != zLsf c\ux s'lxg] Ps f]u . @= s'xs ] f] rLh jf j:t' . s'xfg lj) [s
fg] != s'lxPsf] ;8]sf] . @= gf) s'lxP ;8]sf] j:t' . s"r F gf) x]) s'r F . s"hf] lj)
x]) s'Fhf] . s"r gf) [t')] x]) s'r@ . s"rL gf) x]) s'rL . sf gf) x]) s'rLsf/ . s"rf]
gf) x]) s'rf] . s"h gf) [;+)] kIfLxsf] dL7f] af]nL s"hg . s"hg gf) [;+)] kIfLxsf] dw'
:jsf] af]nL rfr'?
\uL sfPsf] zAb . s"lht lj) [;+)] != af]lnPsf] jf elgPsf] Wjlgt . @=
lgk"0f{ u'Fh]sf] . #= kIfLxsf] dw' :jn] o'St . gf) $= kIfLxsf] af]nL s"h . s"6 gf) [
] != x:ok"0f{ tyf cg]s cy{ nfUg] sljtf jf rgf . @= kx]nL k|x]lnsf . #= cK7]f] jf pQ l
bg sl7g k|Zg . $= kj{tsf] lzv 6fs'f] . %= dlGb, baf cflbsf lzvsf] uh' . ^= y'k|f]
lnxL . * dfof 5n sk6 . lj) ( b'u{d jf b'af]{w . !) lgZrn cl8nf] . !!= e"m6f] af]Ng]
ldYofjfbL . ~ sljtf gf) JoQm ug{ vf]lhPsf] cy{nfO{ n'sfP a'g ufx|f] agfOPsf] sljtf c
8\sf] yfKg] sljtf k|x]lnsf . gLlt gf) ! fi6fi6sf aLrsf]

243

s"6:ys[tx:t j|t . s[t \ gf) [;+)] != wft'af6 gfd, ljz]if0f, cJoo zAbx aGbf d"n wft'
df ufFl;g] Jo'Tkfbs k|Too (ag\cfO, rn\pjf, xfF;\P O) .) . @= j:t'jfrs zAbsf] kl5lNt x
agfpg] cy{ a'emfpg] ljz]if0fjfrL zAb (zf:qs[t,\ efios[t\ O)) . s[t lj) [;+)] != ulP
sf] agfOPsf] jf lrPsf] (s'g} sfo{ jf s[lt) lrt ;Dkflbt (pbf) efg'eQms[t fdfo0fsf] g]
df 7"nf] dlxdf 5 .) . @= ul;lsPsf] k"f ePsf] . gf) #= rf o'udWo] klxnf] o'u ;Too'u .
s[ts lj) [;+)] agfOPsf] agfj6L gsnL . ~ k'q gf) agfOPsf] 5f]f] wd{k'q . s[tsfo{ lj)
)] sfo{ k"f ePsf] jf l;4 u]sf] dgf]y k"0f{ ePsf] s[tfy{ s[ts[To . s[ts[To lj) [;+)]
k { g]{ s'g} sfo{ ;DkGg u]sf] s[tsfo{ ;kmn wGo . (pbf) tkfO{n + ] ug'e { Psf] ;xof]us
f lglDt d s[ts[To 5') . s[tg lj) [;+)] != u]sf] pksf gb]Vg] jf gdfGg] a}u'gL . @= cfk
"mnfO{ pksf ug]{ JolQmsf] cksf ug]{ . (pbf) Tof] dflg;nfO{ d}n] efOh:t} 7fg]sf] lyP
F t clxn] d};Fu zq'tf u5{, s:tf] s[tg x]5 ) . tf gf) s[tg x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf a}u
kg . s[t1 lj) [;+)] u]sf] pksf b]Vg] jf dfGg] u'g dfGg] . (pbf) cfk"m eGg]xk|lt s[t1
' dflg;sf] 7"nf] u'0f xf]) . s[t1tf gf) [;+)] s[t1 x'gfsf] sfd, efj jf cj:yf . 1f
kg gf) s'g} pksfk"0f{ sfo{sf lglDt s;}sf] u'g dfg] Tof] s'f] hgfpg] jf atfpg] sfd cfe
fsf] xflb{s cleJolQm . (pbf) k|:t't u|Gydf ljfg\xaf6 kfPsf] ;xof]usf lglDt d pxfFxk|l
t s[t1tf1fkg ub{5') . s[tk"j { lj) [;+)] != cfk"mk|lt st{Jokfngf ul;s]sf] . @= ug'{
kg]{ sfd klxNo} ul;lsPsf] klxn] agfOPsf] . s[tk|lt1 lj) [;+)] s'g} s'fsf lglDt k|lt1
f jf c7f]6 ul;s]sf] ug]{ jf gug]{ sa'n ul;s]sf] . s[to'u gf) [;+)] rf o'udWo] klxnf]
o'u ;Too'u . s[tljBf lj) fd|L ljBf k|fKt u]sf] s'g} ljBfsf] k"0f{ ljfg\ . s[tjLo{ l
+)] != anjfg\ alnof] jLo{;DkGg . gf) @= ;x;|fh'{gsf afa'sf] gfd . s[t;\sNk lj) [;+)]
s'g} sfo{sf lglDt lgZro jf c7f]6 ul;s]sf] ;\sNk ul;s]sf] ug}{ vf]h]sf] jf kSsf ug]{
ePsf] . s[tx:t gf) [;+)] xftn] sfd ug{df l;kfn' l;4x:t s'zn .

fhgLlts ;DaGw jf To:tf] ;DaGw bIftfk"j{s ;~rfng ug]{ gLlt . @= JolQmJolQm jf fi6fi6sf
aLr kf:kls Jojxfdf bfpk]r ug]{ gLlt . #= x:o a'g ufx|f] kg]{ cnfO{ cndNofpg] tyf c
m ;w}F cf]afg' xg ;Sg] fhgLltsf] af7f] rfn u'Kt rfn . $= h;L klg cfg} cg'sn " cy{ nfp
g ;lsg] jrg jf z}nL . gLlts lj) s"6gLlt;DaGwL s"6gLlt hfGg] s"6gLlt1 . gLlt1 lj) s"
gLlt hfGg] s"6gLlts . kfz gf) kz'kIfLxnfO{ cNemfpg] kf;f] hfn . ~ k|df0fkq gf) agfj6
k|df0fkq gSsnL k|df0fkq . ~ k|Zg gf) kx]nL k|x]lnsf . dfg gf) 36La9L kflPsf] sk6L
kf] jf tf}n ePsf] dfg', kfyL, 9s cflb vf]6f] dfg', kfyL jf 9s . ~ d'bf | gf) k|rl
ntafx]s aflxaf6 cj}w kdf lgsflnPsf] d'bf | vf]6f] 6s grNg] l;Ssf . ~ o'4 gf) != zq'n
fO{ e'mSsndf kfL ulg] n8fOF 5nsk6k"j{ssf] o'4 . @= gsnL o'4 e"m6f] n8fOF . ~ of]hgf g
f) gfd|f] ljrfn] jf 5nsk6k"js { ulg] s'g} sfdsf] of]hgf if8\oGq . ;fIfL gf) h;n] ;f
fv]sf] 5 p;}sf] gx'b F f] 9\un] askq ug]{ ;fIfL e"m6f] ;fIfL jf ujfx . s"6:y lj) [;
+)] != dflyNnf] . @= g6fFl;Psf] lgln{Kt . #= crn u'Kt . s"t gf) x]) s't . ~ ltf] gf)
s't ltf] . s"k gf) [;+)] != s'jf jfkL . @= Kjfn vfN6f] . d08"s gf) != s'jfdf a;]sf
ofu'tf]h:tf] ;Lldt 3]fsf] s'f dfq b]va ] e ' m]sf] aflxsf s'f s]xL yfxf gkfpg] JolQm
s'jfsf] Aof . lj) @= ;Lldt jf yf]} 1fg ePsf] . oGq gf) Ogfaf6 kfgL lemSg] oGq c336
"r { gf) [;+)] != do"sf] KjfFv jf k'R5 . @= lzvf . #= d'7f] d'7L . $= b'O{ cfFvLe'OF
sf aLrsf] 7fpF . %= o1sf ;;fgf kfqx fVg] 7" n f] efF 8 f] . ds{ 6 gf) s"r{ds{6fg'u
0fleq kg]{ Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] jfg . @= s"rf]h:tf] k'R5 x'g] ;fgf] hftsf] jfg . ds{6fg'
u0f gf) s"r{ds{6h:t} Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] hftsf] jfg . s"d { gf) [;+)] s5'jf lji0f'n] s5'
jf cjtf lnPsf] dflgg] Ps k . ~ k'f0f gf) c7f k'f0fdWo] lji0f'n] s5'jfsf] cjtf lnPsf]
f dfxfTDo j0f{g ePsf] Ps k'f0f . s"df{~rnL lj) [;+) s"df{~rnLo] cl3sf] Ps fHo s"df{
~rnsf] s"df{~rn;DaGwL . s"n gf) [;+)] gbL jf kf]vLsf] lsgf t6 tL . Wjlg gf) ;hftL
gs6td Wjlgxsf] ;d"x . s"jf gf)x]) s'jf . s[R5 lj) [;+)] != b'Mvbfos si6bfos d'l:sn .
= k~ruJo vfO{ csf]{ lbg pkjf; a:g] k|folZrQsf lglDtsf]

s[tfy{s[lif s[tfy{ lj) [;+)] != sfd l;4 x'gfn] v';L ;Gtf]if ePsf] dgf]y k"0f{ ePsf]
. @= ug'{kg]{ sfd l;4fO;s]sf] p2]Zo k"f ul;s]sf] . #= s[ts[To . s[lt gf) [;+)] != ulP
f] s'g} c;n jf 7"nf] sfd k"f u]sf] sfo{ . @= s'g} k':ts, lrq cflbsf] rgf . #= kf]ksfs
lglDt agfOPsf ;fj{hlgs pkef]usf j:t' (kf6L, kf}jf, dlGb cflb) . $= Ps kfpdf aL;
cIf x'g] 5Gbsf ;a} e]b . Tj gf) s[ltdf x'g] jf xg] u'0f jf ljz]iftf . ~ ;"rL gf) s[l
txsf] gfdgfd];L, rlotf, k|sfzgldlt cflb n]lvPsf] ljj0f cg'qmdl0fsf . :jfDo gf) s'g}
':ts, n]v, rgf cflb km]l k|sfzgdf Nofpg] a]Rg] cflb clwsf :jTjflwsf skLfO6 . s[tL
) s[ltg\] != s'g} ljlzi6 jf c;n pDbf sfd ug]{ s[lt Rg] jf agfpg] . @= s'zn lgk'0f .
#= k'0ofTdf . $= ;fw' . %= s[tsfo{ . ^= s[tfy{ . &= ljfg\ . s[lQ gf) [;+)] != xl0f
, xfQL cflbsf] 5fnf d[urd{ . @= 5fnf rd{ . s[lQsf gf) [;+)] != ;QfO; gIfqdWo] t];|f
] gIfq . @= cfsfzdf b]lvg] clUgsf] lzvfh:tf] cfsf ePsf] 5j6f tffsf] ;d"x lsls6L . s[
lQjf; gf) [;+)] != xfQL d[urd{ klwfg ePsf lzj dxfb]j . @= a\unf efiffdf fdfo0fsf k|0
]tf k|l;4 JolQm . s[tk \ ;u{ gf) [;+)] zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;g] k|Toosf] Ps e]b s[bGt k|
Too . s[To gf) [;+)] != wflds{ b[li6 jf ;lbR5fn] ulg] zf:qljlxt cfjZos sd{ . @= s'
g} clwsfLn] cfgf] kbcg';f ug'k { g]{ sfd . #= st{Jo sfo{ sfd . lj) $= ug'{kg]{ ug{ of
Uo . s[Tof gf) [;+)] != cfgf] sfo{l;l4sf lglDt jf cdfly clgi6 sfo{ ufpg pTkGg ulg] ef
ujt k'f0fdf rlr{t Ps fIf;L . @= tGqdGqaf6 pTkflbt zlStff ulg] 3fts sfd . #= b'i6f ss
zf :qL . s[Tofs[To lj) [;+)] ug{ x'g] gx'g] jf plrt cg'lrt (sfd) st{Jofst{Jo . s[l
qd lj) [;+)] != k|fs[lts jf :jfefljs gePsf] agfj6L . @= gsnL . #= hfnL sLt]{ . ~ ce
fj gf) s'g} j:t' jf dfn x'Fbfx'Fb} klg JofkfL ju{ff ;Lldt :jfy{sf glDt gePh:tf] kfL x
pg] jf lanfpg] ulg] agfj6L l:ylt . (pbf) ahfdf JofkfLxff l;lh{Psf] s[lqd cefjn] vfBf
j:t'df hgtfnfO{ lgs} dsf{ k]sf] 5) . ~ uef{wfg gf) lkrsfLh:tf] oGqsf] dbtn] uef{zod
f jLo{ k'ofP k]6 af]sfpg] sfd s[lqd kdf ue{wf0f ufpg] sfd . ~ Zjf; gf) kmf] S ;fn] s
ug{ 5f] 8 ] s f] cj:yfdf f]uLlafdLnfO{ arfpg gnL jf kfOkff s[lqd kdf
244

xflng] Zjf; . s[bGt gf) [;+)] wft'df s[t\ k|Too ufFl;P ag]sf jf Jo'TkGg ePsf gfd, lj
z]if0f, cJoo cflb zAb (n]v\ cfO n]vfO, rn\ pjf rn'jf, a;\ P a;] O)) . s[k0f lj) [;
|} 5'Rrf] sGh'; lsG6f]sL r'OofF . tf gf) 5'Rrf]kg sGh':ofOF . > s[k0fL lj) != sGh'
f . @= b'MvL bLg . s[kof lqm) of]) [;+)] s[kfk"j{s s[kf u] d]xafgL uL . s[kf gf) [
0ffk"j{s s;}dfly ulg] bofdfof cg'u|x lgufx . s lj) s[kf ug]{ bofdfof ug]{ s[kfn' .
L lj) gd| :jefjn] s'g} cfsf\Iff ug]{ s[kf rfxg] . > s[kf\s gf) kLIffdf pQL0ff{s \ of
k'u ] klg Ps jf b'O{ ljifo;Dd yf]} c\sn] cg'QL0f{ x'g] ljBfyL{nfO{ ;DalGwt kLIfflgsf
on] lg0f{o u]cg';f yKg] jf hf]l8lbg] c\s yk k|fKtf\s . s[kf0f gf) [;+)] taf v8\u
kfl0fsf gf) ;fgf] taf ;fgf] xltof . s[kfkfq lj) [;+)] != s[kf ug{ of]Uo bofdfofsf] c
fL . @= s[kf kfPsf] ddtf ulPsf] . s[kfn' lj) [;+)] s[kf ug]{ :jefj jf afgL ePsf] bofd
fof fVg] s[kfo'Qm . tf gf) s[kfn' x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf bofn' jf dfofn'kg . s[kfjfb g
) [;+)] of]Uotf gx]L cfgf] rfsL ug]{nfO{ s[kf ug]{ cg'lrt l;4fGt jf k|j[lQ . s[ld gf
) [;+)] != k]6leq kg]{ h'sf cflb sLf . @= ;;fgf sLf sL6 . sf]z gf) != ];dsf sLfsf]
8 ];dsf] sf]of] . @= k'tnLx aGg] sLfsf nfef{ . ~ f]u gf) cfdfzo kSjfzodf kg]{ h'sf
bsf] f]u . ~ lj1fg gf) sLfxsf] pTklQ, ljgfz, u'0f, bf]if cflbsf] ljrf ulg] ljBf, sL6l
1fg . z}n gf) wldfsf] uf]nf] . s[z lj) [;+)] != b'Anf] kftnf] emLgf] Vofp6] . @= sd
gwf]{ . tf gf) s[z x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf b'Anf]kg lgwf]k { g . sfo lj) b'Anf] zL e
fL0f zL ePsf] . > s[zf\uL lj) tGj\uL kftnf] lrl6Ss k]sf] zL ePsL b'Anf] zL eP
~ s[zf]bL lj) kftnf] emLgf] sd ePsL (:qL) . s[ifs gf) [;+)] ls;fg v]tLjfn . ~ cu'jf
f) s[lif ljefun] s[lif;DaGwL tflnd lbP j}1flgs tyf pGgt kdf v]tL ug{ s'zn agfOPsf
ls;fg jf ltgsf] gfOs] . s[iff0f gf) [;+)] != s[ifs ls;fg v]tLjfn . @= xnf] hf]Tg] J
olQm xnL . s[lif gf) [;+)] vghf]t ug'k { g]{ tyf afnLgfnL nufpg'kg]{ tT;DaGwL ;a}
sfd v]tL ls;fgL . ~ cy{zf:q gf) s[lifff

245

s[i6s[i0fflhg kg]{ xnf]sf]bfnf], dnaLp cflb ;fdu|L l;FrfOs'nf] cflb ;fwg . s[i6 lj)
[;+) ] != vghf]t ulPsf] . @= tflgPsf] l3RofOPsf] . ~ e"ld gf) vghf]t ulPsf] tyf afnL
gfnL f]lkPsf] hldg . > s[li6 gf) != vGg]hf]Tg] sfd . @= tfGg] sfd jf cj:yf . #= ljf
g\ JolQm . s[i0f gf) [;+)] != lji0f'sf b; cjtfdWo] cf7f}F cjtf lnP j;'bj ] b]jsLsf k
'q eO{ uf]sn ' df hGd]sf fko'usf k|l;4 dxfk'?if jf g]tf . @= Jof; ch'{gsf] pkgfd .
#= s]zj, uf]ljGb, hgfb{g, dfwj, d'nLw, d'fl, jf;'b]j, Zofd O) . lj) $= sfnf] j0f{sf
] sfnf] ;fFjnf] . s[i0fs gf) [;+)] != sfnf] d[usf] 5fnf sfnf] d[urd{ . @= sfnf] sf] ;
o"{F . s[i0fsnL gf) [s[i0f snL] Pp6} cfFVnfdf b'Ol{ t} xfFuf xfNg], vf];f{gLsf h:tf
kft x'g] aflxkl u'nfkmL rfj6f k6n tyf leqkl a}hgL sf bn x'g] k"mnsf] af]6 jf To;}sf
"mn . s[i0frlq gf) [;+)] s[i0fsf] hLjgL, JolQmTj s[ltTjsf] j0f{g ePsf] syf jf pg}s
f] rlqdf cfwflt sfJos[lt . s[i0flhf gf) [;+) s[i0fhLs] != s]xL af:gf cfpg] sfnf] sf]
sfnf]hLf . @= dl;gf u]8f x'g] c;n vfnsf] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn . s[i0f}kfog gf) [;+)]
j]bJof; . s[i0fkIf gf) [;+)] k"l0f{dfkl5 k|ltkbfb]lv cdfj:of;Ddsf kGw| lbg jf lt
lysf] ;d"x rfGb|df;sf] cFWoff] kIf cf}F;L kR5] . s[i0f k|0ffdL gf) [;+)] cf8DaL rng g
dfGg] df5fdf;' klg gvfg] j}i0fj;Dk|bfosf] Ps zfvf . s[i0fef]u gf) [;+)] != af:gf
cfpg] sfnf], dl;g' Ps hftsf] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn . @= Ps hftsf] c;n cfFk . s[i0f
oh'jb {] gf) [;+)] oh'jb {] sf b'O{ k|dv ' zfvf s[i0foh'jb {] z'Snoh'j]{bdWo] P
s . s[i0f nj0f gf) [;+)] la]g'g . s[i0fnf]x gf) [;+)] r'Das . s[i0fzfln gf) [;+)] s[
i0fef]u wfg . s[i0f;f gf) [;+)] sfnf] lk7F", ;]tf] k]6 nfdf a6flPsf l; x'g] Ps hftsf
d[u sfnf] xl0f . s[i0ff gf) [;+)] != sfnf kft ePsf] t'n;L . @= b|f}kbLsf] Ps gfd .
#= blIf0f eftsf] Ps k|l;4 gbL . $= sfnLu08sL . s[i0ffu? gf) [;+)] n]kdf k|of]u ulg
] Ps k|sfsf] a'6L . s[i0fflhg gf) [;+)] s[i0f;f d[usf] 5fnf sfnf] d[usf] 5fnf s[i0fs
.

fHosf] cy{zlQm a9fpg ug'k { g]{ sfd tyf s[lifJoj;fonfO{ pGgt pknlAwd"ns t'Nofpg c
fjZos ;Lk jf bIftfsf] ljsf; ug{ ;3fp k'ofpg] zf:q . ~ cy{zf:qL gf) s[lifcy{zf:qsf
1ftf jf ljlzi6 ljfg\ . C0f gf) v]tLkftLsf] sfddf vr{ ug{ tyf uf]?, e}; F L, a\u ' ,
s'v ' f, kmnk"mn cflbsf] Joj;fo ug{ ls;fgxnfO{ ;n Aofhdf lbOg] C0f s[lifsfo{sf lglDt
;xof]u:jk lbOg] shf{ . ~ pkh gf) v]tLls;fgLaf6 pTkfbg x'g] cGgkft, kz'kIfL, b" w
l3p, kmnk" m n cflb j:t' . ~ pTkfbg gf) != s[lifJoj;foff pTkGg x'g] vfBfGg, kmnk"mn
, ;fukft, kz'kIfL, a:t'efp, b"wl3p cflb . @= afnLgfnL, a:t'efp, kmnk"mn cflb a9f
pg], x'sf{pg] km}nfpg] sfd . ~ P]g gf) s[lifJoj;fo;DaGwL sfg'g hUufwgL, df]xL ;sfsf
aLr ;';DaGw sfod ug{ tyf s[lifpBf]usf] ljsf; ug{sf lglDt th'd { f ulPsf] gLlt . ~
sd{ gf) v]tLkftLsf] sfd vghf]t ug]{ sfd v]tL . ~ u[x gf) v]tLkftLsf] ]vb]vsf lglDt a
g]sf] 3 sfdt . ~ r"g gf) hldgsf] cDnkg x6fO{ v]tLof]Uo agfpg tyf pTkfbgj[l4 ug{sf l
glDt pkof]u ulg] r"g . hLjL lj) v]tL u] lgjf{x ug]{ jf hLljsf rnfpg] . k|wfg lj) v
g} d'Vo k];f jf cfwf ePsf] . (pbf) g]kfn s[lifk|wfg b]z xf]) . ~ df};d cfof]u gf)
s[lifsf lglDt pko'St df};dsf] ljrf ug]{ cfjZos tYof\s, ljj0f, dfk cflb lgsfNg] sfd
ug]{ fHosf] c\uljz]if . ~ oGq gf) OGhg hf]lPsf], v]t hf]Tg], afnL sf6\g], bfpg]h:tf
v]tL;DaGwL sfd ug]{ dl;g . ~ jif{ gf) != O) !(&& df ;+o'Qm fi6;\3sf] cfXjfgcg';f cGtf
li6o :tdf dgfOPsf] s[lif;DaGwL cleofg jf kj{sf] ljz]if jif{ . @= g]kfnsf] k'fgf] rn
grNtLcg';f df]xL khgL, afnL jf lg lng]lbg] cflb s[lif;DaGwL sfd jf xlx;fa ubf{ k|of
]u ulg], cl3Nnf] jif{sf] >Lk~rdLb]lv csf]{ jif{sf] >Lk~rdLleqsf] cjlw . ~ ljsf; a
}s \ gf) s[lifljsf;sf lglDt cfjZos ;;xof]u h'6fpg, tT;DaGwL cfwf tyf pBf]u :yflkt ug
{ ePsf cfwf tyf pBf]usf] ;'b9 [ Ls0f ug{ ;xfotf ug]{ Aof\s . ~ lj1fg gf) s[lif;DaGwL
ljifodf j}1flgs kn] ljrf ulPsf] cg';Gwfg tyf cg'ejk"0f{ 1fg jf To;} ljifosf] u|Gy
. ~ ljefu gf) s[lif;DaGwL sfo{Joj:yf tyf gLltlgodsf] ;~rfng ug]{ cfjZos ;;fwgsf] k
|aGw ldnfO{ tT;DaGwL sfo{sf] cjnf]sg;d]t ug]{ s]Gb|Lo cf . ~ Joj;fo gf) v]tLkftL;D
aGwL pBf]uwGbf jf k];f . ~ ;ldlt gf) v]tLkftLsf] pBf]uwGbf jf k];fnfO{ j}1flgsLs0f
ug]{ ;'wf Nofpg] sfdsf lglDt ;sfLu};sfL k|ltlglwx ;fd]n uL agfOg] ;+:yf jf ;\u
gf) v]tLkftLsf lglDt cfjZos

s[i0ffle;flsfs]Gb|Lo s[i0ffle;flsf gf) [;+)] cFw]L ftdf sfnf n'uf nfP gfosn] lbPsf]
] :yndf hfg] gflosf . s[i0ffi6dL gf) [;+)] s[i0f hGd]sf] ltly s[i0fhoGtL efb| s[i0
f ci6dL . s[io lj) [;+)] v]tL ug{ of]Uo cfafb ug{ nfos (hldg) . s]! ;j{) [;+) lsd\]
k|Zg ubf{ jf lgGbf, ljts{, ;Gb]x cflb a'emfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb s'g (j:t', s'f], s
fd cflb) . ' t x'g] s]@ lje) k'fgf] rngdf vf; uL sfutkqdf k|oS ;Dk|bfg sfssf] lrXg nf
O{ nflu . (pbf) ?) %)). lbg'kg]{ dWo] uPsf] fds] ?) !%)., Zofds] ?) !)). cfu] lemFugk
a:g] csn] bg'jfs] oyf]lrt) . s]s gf) [c\)] d;nf, gf}gL cflb xfn] agfOg] Ps lsl;dsf]
a]nfOtL u'lnof] f]6L . s]sf gf) [;+)] do"sf] zAb jf af]nL . s]sL gf) [;+)] do" d'h'
]s] hflt lj) [s]s] hflt] cg]s efFlt gfgfjnL . s]hflt cJo) [s] hflt] rflxPsf] gfd jf sfd
s'f] x]Ssf gx'b F f elgg] zAb . (pbf) pgn] eg]sf] s'f] s]hflt ;Demgf klg ePg) . s]h
L gf) [c\)] lsnf]uf| dsf] 5f]6sL k Ps xhf u|fdsf] tf}n . s]hf] gf) cUnf kxf8lt pd|g
]6f] 8fF7 xfFufbf x'g], xfFufx slnnf] 5Fbf u'lnof] x'g] clg l5lKkPkl5 tLtf] x'g] c
rf vfOg] Ps af]6 . s]6fs]6L gf) [s]6f s]6L] != ;fgf gfgLx afnsaflnsf e'fe'L . @= 5f
aRrf . #= a]pnfa]pnL jjw" . $= u}F8fsf aRrf . lj) %= a'l4 gl5lKkPsf] cfnf]sfFrf] . s
]6L gf) [s]6f] O{] != ;fgL l76L aflnsf . @= lax] ug]{ a]nfsL :qL sGof . #= bf;L ;';f]
s]6f] gf) [;+) r]6] != ;fgf] l76f] afns . @= lax] ug]{ a]nfsf] k'?if s'df . #= u}F8
fsf] aRrf] . > s]6f}nL gf) != s]6fs]6L cj:yf l76f}nL . @= pd] gl5lKkPsf] cj:yf jf c
Nnf] k g . s] 6 f} n f] lj) != s] 6 f} n L cj:yfsf] s]6fs]6Lkgfsf] . @= cNnf] . s]
tss]tsL gf) [;+)] nfdf ;fFKnfh:tf tLvf lrNnf kft x'g], 8fF7 kftdf sfF9f nfUg], 8fF
7af6 asf h:tf hf lg:sg], 3f]uf] k]sf] ;]tf] ;'uGwL k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] emf jf To;}
sf] k"mn s]Q's] s]j8f . s]tg gf) [;+)] != 3 ejg . @= 7fpF :yfg . #= Wjhf emG8f . s]t
) [;+)] != gju|xdWo] Ps u|x luF8 dfqdf sNkgf ulPsf] u|x . @= k'R5]tff w"d|s]t' . #= W
jhf emG8f . s]t'jf gf) DafF; xftLjf .
246

s]Q's] gf) [;+) s]tsL] != s]tsL sfF9fbf nfdf kftaf6 kf6 agfpgdf k|l;4 Ps af]6 . @=
;okqLsf] gfef] k"mn . s]bf gf) [;+)] != wfgv]tsf] uf], cfnL jf au}r F fsf] 8f SofL .
u\uf]QL abLgfysf aLrdf x]sf] lxdfnosf] Ps lzv jf To; lzvdf cjl:yt k|l;4 lzjln\u .
sf] bf];|f] k|xdf ufOg] cf]8jiff8j hfltsf] Ps fu . v08 gf) s]bfgfysf] dfxfTDo j0f{g
lPsf] :sGb k'f0fsf] Ps efu . gfy gf) lxdfnL v08sf] s]bfkj{tdf x]sf k|l;4 lzjhL lxGb
] Ps k|l;4 tLy{:yn . s]g gf) [;+)] P3f pklgifb\dWo] Ps . s]Gt'd\ zfvf gf) [Nof) s]G
t'd\ ;+) zfvf] eff]k]nL efiff vnsdf ;o zAbnfO{ a'emfpg] yfngLsf] Ofg]nL k ztd\ Nof
t'd\ sf cfwfdf d'Vo b'O{ xfFufdf ljeflht zfvfdWo] Ps To;L ; WjlgnfO{ ssf] k|of]u j
ug]{ efiffvnssf] ju{ jf zfvf [s]Gt'd\ (Nofl6g), s]t\ (k|frLg cfo]nL), sGb (tf]vf]
nL), s]Gtf] (O6fn]nL), v]Gt (k|mfG;]nL), xG8 (c\u|]hL), x}Stf]g (lu|;]nL) cflb] .
s]Gb| gf) [;+)] != s'g} :yfg jf j:t'sf] dWo efu jf laGb' dfem aLrsf] 7fpF gfle . @=
ljleGg sfo{;~rfng x'g] d'Vo 7fpF jf ;b d'sfd . #= ;\3;+:yf cflbsf] k|wfg sfof{no x
]sf] :yfg . $= ;w}F a:g] 7fpF . %= t}gfy ug]{ ljefu . ^= kmlnt Hof]ltifcg';f hGds
'08nLsf] klxnf], rf}yf], ;ftf}F b;f}F :yfg . ~ laGb' gf) s'g} 3]fsf] dfemdf x]sf] l
:y laGb' dWolaGb' . ~ d08n k[YjLleqsf s]Gb|jlklsf] v08 . > s]Gb|fled'v lj) aflxaf6 s
|lt hfg] jf cfgf ;Defjgf zlQmsf] pkof]u guL s]Gb|ltsf] d'v dfq tfSg] . s]lGb|t lj) s
Gb| agfOPsf] Ps} 7fpFdf e]nf ulPsf] s]Gb|Le"t . s]Gb|L lj) [;+)] s]Gb|df x]sf] jf xg]
]Gb|l:yt . s0f gf) != s]Gb|df g} ;d]6g \ ] jf s]Gb|ff g} ;a} sfo{ klrfng ug]{ sfd s
b|t ug]{ jf kfg]{ sfd . @= Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf ug]{ sfd . e"t lj) s]Gb| jf k|dv ' :yf
gdf x]sf] rf}ltaf6 Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf ePsf] s]lGb|t . s]Gb|Lo lj) [;+)] != s]Gb|;DaGwL
b|sf] . @= s]Gb| jf dWo efusf] k|wfg d'Vo . #= s'g} fHo jf fi6sf] s]Gb|:yfg jf fhwfgL
;t ;DalGwt (s]Gb|Lo sfof{no, s]Gb|Lo zf;g, s]Gb|Lo ;sf O)) . ~ a}s \ Aof\s gf) != Aof
xsf] k|wfg c\u jf Aof\sxsf] klg Aof\s . @= ljQLo sff]afsf ;fy} dftxtsf ;Dk"0f{ Aof\
fng ug]{ Aof\sxsf] k|wfg sfof{no fi6 a}\s . ~ zf;g gf) s'g} fi6df s]Gb|Lo ;sfd}
clwsf xg] s]Gb| jf fhwfgLaf6} b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{ zf;g rnfpg] Joj:yf . ~ ;\u7g gf) ufpF j
lhNnf:tdf ePsf

247

s]Gb|f]Gd'vLs]; hg]glGb|o (cZnL)) . s]nfO gf) [ s]nfp (cfO)] s]nfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof
. s'nfO gf) ;a} s]nfpg] sfd 5fGg] sfd 5fglag [ > ] s]nfOg' s) lqm) s]nfpg] sfd ulg'
glag ulg' . s]nfpg' ;) lqm) [k|f) s]nfo] ldl;Psf] jf 5f;ld;] j:t'af6 s'g} Ps j:t' 5
'fO{ lemsL cnu kfg'{ jf rflxg] j:t' lng' PsPs u] ToxL j:t' dfq 5fGg' 5fglag ug'{ . s
gf) [;+)] != k|]dLk|]ldsf;Fu k:kdf ulg] fufTds ;DaGwsf] v]n jf qmL8f cfdf]bk|df]b . @
= xfF;v]n xF:;L7f . #= :qLk|;\u d}yg ' . snf gf) sfdqmL8f d}yg ' ;DaGwL snf . u[x
xjf; ug]{ 7fpF ltu[x . s]N6]nL lj) [s]N6 (:yfg) PnL] o'f]kleq af]lng] eff]k]nL efiffkl
f] Ps zfvf . s]jf gf) [;+) s]ljsf] nfDrf 7"n7"nf xlof kft x'g], 6'Kkfdf 3f]uf nfuL T
o;df kx]n F f ;]tf k"mn k'mNg] hfdf ubsf] h:tf] ufgf x'g] af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn .
s]j6 gf) [k|f) s]j < ;+) s}jt{] vf]nfgfnfdf df5f dfg]{ 8'
\uf tfg]{ sfdaf6 hLjg lgjf
{x ug]{ Ps hflt jf To; hfltsf] JolQm dfemL dNnfx . s]jn cJo) [;+)] != vfln ToxL Ps d
fq . @= l;jfo . gf) #= e|flGtlxt ljz'4 1fg . 1fgL gf) ljz'4 1fg k|fKt ePsf] ;fw' .
s]z gf) [;+)] 6fpsfsf] f}F skfn . sd{ gf) skfn tnf:g], sf]g]{, sf6\g], vf}g], 5fF6\
] cflb sfd . snfk gf) skfnsf] ;d"x . ktg gf) f}F emg]{ jf vf]Of] nfUg] f]u . kfz
kfnsf] r'N7f] . k|;fwgL gf) sfOFof] . dfh{g gf) skfn g'xfpg], sf]g{] jf tnf:g] sfd
. s]z gf) [;+)] != k"mnleq x'g] kfu dsGbo'St dl;gf] sf]dn e'jf s];/ . @= k|foM sfZd
f kfOg], ;fgf] e'Oe F mfdf k'mNg] xNsf KofhL
ePsf] k"mndf x'g] ;'uGwL kx]Fnf] s];|
f s]; . #= s'
\s'd ls~hNs . $= l;+x, 3f]8f cflbsf l3r|fdfly x'g] nfdfnfdf f}F ofn hu
zL gf) [;+)] != k"hfcfhfdf k|of]u ulg] s]z ldnfP 3f]l6Psf] rGbg s];L . @= gfus]z .
+x . lj) $= s]z x'g] jf ePsf] . s]zj gf) [;+)] != s[i0f . @= lji0f' . #= a|Xd kd]Zj .
lj) $= s]z ePsf] . s]zljGof; gf) [;+)] skfn tnf:g], r'N7f] af6\g] jf s]z ;hfpg]
sfd . s]; gf) [c
\)] != xNsf j:t' fVg] sk8f, 5fnf cflbsf] afs; . @= emu8f d'2f . #= f]
u jf f]uLsf] l:ylt . $= 5flkg] 6fOksf cIfx flvg] v'nf v08]bf afs; .

;
\u7gsf sfo{xnfO{ lgolGqt jf ;~rflnt ug{ s]Gb|sf] kdf :yfkgf ulPsf] jf s]Gb|df :yfkg
f ePsf] ;
\u7g . ~ ;sf gf) fi6sf] s]Gb|df x] jf fli6o :tdf b]zsf] zf;g Joj:yf ldn
d'Vo ;sf s]Gb|Lo dlGqd08n jf dlGqklifb\ . s]Gb|fG ] d'vL lj) [;+)] s]Gb|kl e'ms]sf]
f s]Gb|nfO{ g} d'Vo nIo agfPsf] s]Gb|sf] dfq e k]sf] . s]k gf) [c
\)] 6f]6fdf hl8g], 6
f]kLsf cfsfsf] cfuf] kfg]{ wft'sf] ;fwg . s]dfr gf) s;'h:tf] sGb, ;]tf] hf nfdfnfdf
kft x'g], kfgLleq pd|g] Ps hftsf] ofp jf Ps lsl;dsf] 3fF; . s]o " gf) [;+)] kfv'fdf
nufOg] gjTg hl8Psf] Ps uxgf afh' . s]\g'! ;) lqm) [ sf]\] n]lvPsf cIf, zAb cflbnfO
]{ tfg] 2L kfg'{ s]d]6 ug'{ d]6\g' . s]\g'@ ;) lqm) bf]ifL jf afktLnfO{ p;n] u]sf]
af]df ;f]wk'5 ug'{ ckfwsf] kQf nufpg sfs] ug'{ vf]xf]ofpg' . s]sf gf) [s]\ sf]
nfO{ ;f]wk'5 ug]{ sfd sfs] . @= s]g]{ d]6\g] sfd s]d]6 . s]d]6 gf) [s]\ d]6] \ n]
zAb cflbdf wsf{ tfg] 2L kfg]{ sfd s]sf . s]f gf) [;+) sbnL] lgs} 7"nf nfdf kft x'g,
n]hL sf] sdnsf cfsfsf] a'u \ f] nfUg], kfs]kl5 kx]n F f, ftf, xlof sf af]qmf x'g] n
u'lnof sf];] kmn kmNg] hfthftsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn sbnL . s]fO gf) [ s]\ (cfO)] !=
]g{] sfd jf lsl;d d]6fO . @= sfs] ug]{ sfd vf]xf]ofO . s]fOg' s) lqm) != s]g{ nfOg'
Og' s]d]6 ufOg' . @= vf]xf]ofOg' sfs] ulg' . s]fp gf) [;+) snfk] 8fF7df b'O{lt ;
rnf hf] kft knfpg], gLnf, ;]tf jf sn]hL
sf k"mn k'mNg], nfdfnfdf g
\u|f x'g] nflDrnf
sf];f kmNg] bfn hftsf] nxf] jf To;}sf] kmn . sf]; ] gf) s]fpsf hqf kf]l6nf sf];f x'
g] Ps hftsf] l;dL . s]fpg' k|) ] lqm) [s]\cfpg'] != s]g{ nfpg' d]6fpg' s]d]6 ufpg'
fs] ufpg' vf]xf]ofpg' . s]lg' s) lqm) [s]\Og'] != s]g{] d]6g \ ] sfd ulg' . @= ;
]ofOg' . s] ] cJo) [s]]] s'fsfgLdf cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] y]uf] . (pbf) tkfO{+n] eGg'ePsf
'f] s]]cndndf e';'Ss} la;]{5') . s]f] gf) [ s]f] != s]f (k|foM t'R5fy{df) . @= k'?i

s];/s}nf] s];/ gf)x]) s]z/ . s];gfdf gf) [<] k|frLg sfndf b'O{ ;sfsf pRr cf]xbfsf Jol
mxn] ;xL5fk u]sf] Jofkf;DaGwL sfds'f] n]lvPsf] sfut . s];lof lj) [s];Oof] s]zsf
nf] ldl;Ph:tf]
ePsf] . s];/L gf)x]) s]z/L . s];ofs gf) [c
\)] 6fOks];x ;'lIft fVg]
lsl;dsf] v08] bfh . s];f} gf) [;+) s;]?] rfd|f], kftnf], v}f]
sf] af]qmf u'lnof],
f] gd u'bL x'g] ;vv08sf 9fFrfsf] 8Nnf] sGb . s];|fs];|L gf) [s];|fs];|f] ;fgf7"nf w]}
s];|f . s]l;|g' c) lqm) [s];|f] O g'] s];|fx 5'lg' s];|fs];|f kg'{ . s];f | ] gf) [;
;] ;'Gtnf, rfS;L, Hofld, ef]u6] cflb ;bf kmnsf] af]qmfleq xg] vfB j:t'sf] v08 jf tx .
s]xL lj) [;+) ls+lx] != clnslt yf]} . @= s'g} Ps g Ps . s}rL gf) [t') s}rL] != tndfl
sf kftsf wfn] Rofk] sk8f, sfut cflb sf6\g] kmnfd] ;fwg stg'{ st{L . @= b'O{ sf7, kmUn
]F6f, OF6 cflbnfO{ tndfly kmfP hf]8\g jf ldnfpg agfOg] r]k'jf ;fwg . #= ;fOsn cflb
sf] Ps ;fwg . s}h n gf) xf{sf h:tf kft x'g] cldnf] :jfbsf], af]qmf clt;f f]udf cf}if
wLsf lglDt pkof]u ulg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . s}8 f gf) != w]} lxF8\bf zLsf] ysfO g;fsf]
sfOn] lkF8f}nf jf lt3|fdf kg]{ ;'Dnf] . @= s}F8f] . s}8 ] lj) [s}F8f]P] != s}F8fs
f cfsfsf] jf s}F8fh:tf] . @= c08sf]if 7"nf] x'g] cfF8] . s}8 f] gf) [;+) u~hf] km;L
{, s'leG8f] cflbsf] ;fgf] kmn jf uf] . s}so ] L gf) [;+)] != s]so b]zdf hGd]sL tyf
s]sofhsL 5f]L bzysL sfG5L fgL etsL cfdf . lj) @= 8flxNn] b'i6f . (pbf) cl:t lax]
nxL t s}s]oL g} 5 Sof]) . s}6e gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f lji0f'ff dflPsf] dw' gfd u]sf
f efO Ps b}To . s}6] gf) [;+) s6] sf5df x'g] jf cfpg] jft;DaGwL vl6f] . s}tj gf) [;+
)] != 5n wf]sf . @= h'jf . > s}tjfkXg'lt gf) jf:tljs s'fnfO{ 5n5fd;fy lgif]w ulg] ck
Xg'lt
248

cn
\sfsf] Ps e]b . s}y gf) [k|f) sOTy] aflx v}f] cQ5fnf x'g] u'bLrflxF cldnf] x'g] a
:tf] Ps kmn . s}b gf) [c)] ofnvfgfdf flvg] ;hfo aGwg sffjf; y'gf . ~ sL gf) y'gj '
g'kg]{ s}b k"f x'g] jf 36\g] sfd . vfgf gf) aGbLu[x ofnvfgf h]n sffuf sffu[x .
] s}b jf y'gfdf k]sf] ofnvflgofF aGbL y'g'jf . ~ k'hL{ gf) y'g'jf k'hL{ . s}kr ' f
g]jf)] uf]nf] yfnsf cfsfsf] s]xL p7]sf] la6 ePsf] 7f]s] ahfOg] dflqs tfnafhf . s}k
mt! gf) [;+) s'kYo] != vfg]s'f cflbaf6 x'g] lauf jf vfaL s'kYo . @= sk6 5n5fd . #= 9f
6 Jojxf 7Ug] k|jl[ Q . s}kmt@ gf) [c) s}lkmot] != s'g} sfds'fdf hfgLhfgL x'g uPsf] l
auf jf vfaL ljg . @= sk6 bf]if . #= s}lkmot . > s}kmtL lj) s}kmt ug]{ ufnkff lauf
. s}lkmot gf) [c)] s'g} sf0f jf s'f k|:6fpgsf lglDt sfutkqsf] cflvL dxndf n]lvg] a]x
f]f ljz]if ljj0f . ~ tna gf) ga'lemPsf] :ki6 v'nfO{ hjfkm lbg'kg]{ s'f ;DalGwt cfvf
jf clwsfk|fKt txaf6 n]vfk9L uL a'g] :ki6Ls0f dfUg] sfd . s}og\ lj)x]) s}of}F . s}of
!= k|foM Jofkfsf] sfd ug]{ Ps ju{ jf hflt . @= w"t{ jf r'OofF vfnsf] JofkfL . s}o
f} lj) w}} cg]s cguGtL k|z:t s}og\ . s}g gf) [ slxg] gfnLa]nL jf j[QfGt . s}j
f pbfpFbf k'mNg] ;]tf] sdn s'db ' . s}ft gf) [;+)] kx]Fnf]kx]Fnf] b]lvg] Ps hftsf]
>Lv08 . s}?jf gf) rD;'sf h:tf dl;gf kft x'g], sn]hL
sf dl;gf k"mn k'mNg], dl;g} bfgf
kmNg] kx]n F f] hf x'g] Ps ;fu kk{6 . s}nfnL gf) g]kfnsf] ;'b" klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]ql
eq kg]{ ;]tL c~rnsf] blIf0f efudf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . s}nfz gf) [;+)] lxdfnodf dfg;f]js
f] lsgfdf kg]{ Ps k| l ;4 lzv tLy{ : yn lzjhLsf] jf;:yfg . s"6 ejg gf) c+zj ' df{sf
kfnfdf ag]sf] g]kfnsf] k|l;4 P]ltxfl;s fhbaf . klt gf) lzj dxfb]j . jf; gf) d[To
s}nL lj) [s}nf]O{] s}nf f}F jf s}nf] j0f{ ePsL (ufO{, :qL cflb) . s}n] lqm) of]) [ s
lxn]] x]) slxn] . s}nf] lj) [k|f) sOnf]] != v}f] jf ;'gf}nf
sf] . gf) @=

249

s}jt{sf]lSsg' ljlx0fL (k) g])) . sf]Onf] gf) [k|f) sf]On] dxL kfg]{ dwfgLdf a]g]{ 8f
]Lsf 6'Kkfdf nufOg] sf7sf] xQf g]tLsf] 6'Kkfdf nufOg] dl;g' sf7sf] 6'qmf] . sf]ONo
f6f] gf) [sf]OnfofF6f]] != b]jlkt[nfO{ w"k xflng] df6fsf] jf wft'sf] efF8f] w'kf}f] .
@= sf]Onf ;Nsfpg] efF8f] . sf]s! gf) [;+)] != kfgLdf xg] xfF;h:tf] sfnf] kIfL rqmj
fs rv]jf . @= sf]OnL . #= sfdzf:qsf rlotf Ps cfrfo{ . sf]s@ gf) [c
\)] af]tnaGb k]o,
sf]sfsf]nfsf] 5f]6sL k . x]) sf]sfsf]nf . sf]sL gf) [ sf]qmf]] afnaf]nLdf sf]qmf] ;fg
] sf]qmf] . sf]sn] gf) ;'ufhq} ;'ufh:t}
sf], 6fpsf] ftf] r'Rrf] xlof] x'g], cfkm}F
df 6f]8\sf] kf] a:g] s's'n s's'n uL sfpg] rf] . sf]szf:q gf) [;+)] sf]s gfds cfr
t ltlj1fg jf sfdsnf;DaGwL u|Gy sfdzf:q ltzf:q . sf]sf! gf) [<] blIf0faf6 pQlt au] a
df sf];L;Fu ldNg] ;fgf] vf]nf] . sf]sf@ gf) [g]jf) ssf] tfgdf wfufsf] 6's + L 3';
fL bfofFafofF b'j}lt jfkf l5fP sk8f a'Gg] sf7 tfgsf] a'gf}6f] . sf]sf# gf) [c\)] k
;'sfP lrofh:t} ;]jg ulg], blIf0fcd]lsfdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;} vsf] ;+:sf ulPs
t . sf]nf gf) kmnk"mnsf] ; ;f]8f;d]t ld;fO{ f;folgs k|lqmofff k|zf]lwt u] af]tnd
k]o kbfy{ . sf]ls+rf d'xfnL gf) [g]jf)] ;fx|} tLvf] :j x'g], d'xfnL kljfsf] k'ms] ah
Og] ;aeGbf ;fgf] afhf . sf]lsn gf) [;+)] sf]OnL . sf]lsnf gf) [;+)] sf]OnLsf] kf]y
L kf]yL sf]OnL . sf]ls; gf) [ <] nfDrf af\uf cfsfsf kf] agfOg] s]s f]6Lsf] Ps k|sf
s]g gf) [c\)] sf]sf gfdsf] j[Ifsf kftaf6 agfOg] dfbs kbfy{ jf Ps k|sfsf] g;fn' j:t'
. sf]sf] gf) [c\)] tf8s} h:tf] vdf u'fF;sf cfsfsf v;|f k'm;|f kft x'g], xfFuf jf sf
8df kf6]bf v';f{gL cfsfsf ftf kmn kmNg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] kmn . sf]sf]xf]nf] gf) [;
+) sf]nfxn] s'g} ljz]if l:yltdf jf cflQP w]} hgfn] Ps}kN6 sfpFbf cfpg] cfjfh 7"nf] x
Nnf xf]xNnf xNnLvNnL sf]nfxn sf]xf]nf] . sf]lSsg' c) lqm) [;+) siffo] != sfFrf] ss{nf
, lkF8fn' cflb vfFbf 3fF6L SofSs x'g' jf lhe|fdf nfu] ;u;ufpg' . @= dgdf 7"nf] kL
k] tfklg cfjfh gk'm6\g' kLn] leqleq} sDk 5'6] ?g' .

To:t} . ~ e6df; gf) s}nf u]8f x'g] e6df;sf] Ps hflt . ~ l;dL gf) s}nf u]8f x'g] l;d
Lsf] Ps hft . ~ l;;f} gf) s}nf] r'f] x'g] Ps hftsf] l;;f} . s}jt{ gf) [;+)] dfemL dN
nfx . s}jNo gf) [;+)] != PsTj PsfGttf . @= d'lQm df]If . #= ldl>t gx'g] sfd z'4tf .
s}lzs lj) [;+)] != f}F ePsf] jf s]zo'Qm . @= f}Fh:tf] dl;g' jf emLg" . s}lzsL j[lQ g
f) [;+)] ;'sf]dn tyf ;'s'df cy{ ;Gbe{ ePsf] Pj+ lrQnfO{ b|ljt kfg]{ dw'tfo'St rgfz}
nL sfJoj[lQsf tLg j[lQdWo] Ps . s}zf] gf) [;+)] P3fb]lv kGw| jif{;Ddsf] cj:yf lszf] c
:yf jf pd] . sf]! ;j{) [;+) sM] != s;}sf] lrgfL kfpg ;f]Wbf k|of]u x'g] zAb s'g s'grf
lxF . k|To) @= ljz]if0f aGbf hf]l8g] zAb (Pstdf;sf], c;d]nsf], eGg'sf] O)) . sf]
@ lje) [k|f) s]cf]] g]kfnL Jofs0fcg';f ifi7Lsf] ;fdfGo Ps jrgdf nfu] cwLg:y jf ;DaGw
a'emfpg] ljelQm jf kk|Too . sf]r fvL gf) [g]jf)] != afofF xftn] sfvL RofkL bfofF xf
tsf cf}n F fn] ahfOg], tanf afdsf] af]n b'j} lg:sg], cw{db [
\u hftsf] Psd'v] afh
f . (gf6]ZjnfO{ dg kg]{ elgPsf] of] afhf wfld{s ofqf, ljjfx cflbdf pkTosfsf dfgGw d
xh{gxff ahfpg] ulG5) . @= k~rtfnjfBdWo]sf] d'Vo tfnafhf k~rtfn . sf]Ofnf]! gf) [;+)
jbf] Ps} e]6g \ fdf b'O{ 6'Kkf ePsf kft x'g], ftf] jf ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] nfdfnfdf s
f];f kmNg] Ps af]6 jf tsfL, crf cflb agfP vfOg] To;}sf] k"mn . sf]Ofnf]@ gf) != ftf]
v}f] \usf], lafnfsf hftsf] ;fgf] h\unL hGt' . @= lafnfnfO{ vfg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] rf]
sf]OL gf) tfO{lt tsfLsf] v]tL ug]{ a]Rg] sfd ug]{ Ps hflt . sf]Onf gf) [k|f) sf]On
= v}f] jf sfnf] sf] aNg] vlghkbfy{ kTysf]Onf . @= cFuf uf]n . kfgL gf) OlGhg rnfp
Dt ]n, hxfh cflbdf lbOg] sf]Onf kfgL . sf]OnL gf) [;+) sf]lsn] != sfuh:t} t lrNnf]
sfnf] sf], k'R5 cln nfdf] x'g], j;Gt Ct'df ofDd k]sf] vsf] xfFufdf a;] ;'lnf] :jn]
jf sf] xf] < sf] xf] < eGb} sfpg] k|l;4 rf] . @= sf]OnLsf] h:t} :j ePsL k|]ldsfnfO{ k
|]dLn] af]nfpFbf eGg] zAb dfofn' . #=

sf]StLsf]6 sf]StL gf) [ln)] ds}, ux'F, df;, e6df;, s]fp cflb 98fP agfO{ tsfLh:t} vfO
Ps k|sfsf] SjfF6L . sf]SofO gf) [ sf]Sofp (ofO)] sf]lSsg] jf sf]Sofpg] lqmofk|lqmof .
[ > ] sf]SofOg' s) lqm) sf]Sofpg] algg' . sf]Sofpg' ;) lqm) [sf]lSs ofp g'] lkF8fn', s
s{nf] cflb vfFbf lhe|fdf nfu] ;u;ufpg' jf v;v; x'g' . sf]qmf] gf) [;+) qmf]8s] !=
gfgLxnfO{ ;'tfP xNnfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] rf]of, a]t, tf, kf6 cflbaf6 a'g]sf] 6f]qmf
] e'mngf sf]sf]{ . @= s}bLx xfn] af]lsg] jf ;hfo lbg e'mG8fOg] 6f]sL t'? . #= rf]of
f]qmf] rf]ofsf] lkFh8f . $= df5f ;dfpg a'g]sf] ;fgf] 9l8of df5f yfKg] 6f]sL . sf]SN
of6f] lj) kll:ylt Jojxfsf] jf:tf guL cfg} ;'n] jf Psf]xf]f] kffn] rNg] ns gf;
F6f] . sf]v gf) [k|f) sf]Sv < ;+) s'lIf] != gfLhfltsf] kf7]3 uef{zo ue{:ynL . @= zLs
fofFafofF sfvLeGbf tn sdeGbf dfly x]sf] efu sf]vf] . sf]vf! gf) b]jtfsf] k|;fb:jk nu
Og] ftf] jf kx]Fnf] wfufsf] dfnf Iff;"q . sf]vf@ gf) [ sf]vf]] sf]vf]sf] ax'jrg k b'
kf6fsf] sf]vf] . sf] 3f gf) sf]vfsf] 3fp . sf] 3fp gf) != cfkm}Fn] k"f :g]x;fy ;+If
f ug'{kg]{ ;Gtfg 5f]f5f]L . @= ;Gtfgsf] zf]s;'tf{ . sf]vL gf) [sf]vf]O{] sf]vfsf] ;fg
f] efu sf]vf] . sf]v ] lj) [sf]vf]P] != sf]vfdf ePsf] sf]vfklsf] jf sf]vfsf] . @= Pp6
} sf]v jf sf]vfaf6 k}bf ePsf] (h:tf] sf]v] bfh', sf]v] efO, sf]v] lbbL, sf]v] alx
gL O)) . ~ 3fp gf) sf]vfsf] 3fp ;Gtfgsf] zf]s;'tf{ . ~ rf]OnL gf) s;f}F8L cflbsf] s
f]vfaf6 kGo"Fn] eft k:sFbf cfpg] rkL 7"nf] rf]OnL . ~ ;f
\uL gf) rfj6f gx nfu]sf] ;fg
vfnsf] ;f
\uL afhf . sf]vn ] f] gf) [sf]vf]Pnf]] sf]vfsf] efu sfvL . (pbf) of] b'Mv d]
efph"n] ;'g] sf]v]nf] ahfplng\ nf]suLt .) sf]vf] gf) [k|f) sf]Sv < ;+) sf}If] !=
cufl8sf cf
sf] bfofFafofF kg]{ sddfly sddlgsf] efu jf sf]N6] kf6f] sfvLdlGtsf] dd{ k
]{ 7fpF . @= s;f}F8L cflb efF8fsf leQfklsf] 7fpF . ~ ahfpg' 6') csf] gfz jf cjglt b
]v] v';L dgfpg' . sf]UNofF6f] lj) cfg} t/ jf ;'/df rNg] cwa]; | f| ] sf]SNofF6f] . sf
lu6f gf) [;+) s'Ss'6L] != v}f]
sf] skf; kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] skf;sf] af]6 . @= To;} af]6s
f] skf;af6 a'lgPsf] sk8f . #= kx]Fnf] v}f] ldl;Ph:tf]
.
250

sf]r \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) sf]rg] != dg gkLsg klutf] x'g] uL vfg' . @= c6fO{gc6fO{ x'g]
uL vfFb\g' . > sf]rsfr gf) Ps} 7fpFdf 7]:g] jf 7]Ng] sfd vfFbv'Fb . sf]rn\g' ;) lqm)
[;+) s'rfng] x]) sf]rN ] g' . > sf]rnfO gf) sf]rN ] g] sfd jf k|lqmof . sf]rlng' s
) lqm) sf]rNg] sfd ulg' . sf]rjfg gf) [c\) sf]rDofg] != aUuL xfFSg] rfns jf ;jf . @=
6fFufjfnf . sf]rfO gf) [ sf]r\ (cfO)] sf]Rg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] sf]rfOg' s) l
qm) sf]Rg nufOg' . sf]rfpg' k|]) lqm) hah{:tL v'jfpg' a];L vfFb\g nufpg' . sf]rfsf]
r gf) k:kdf jf hyfefjL cJojl:yt kffn] sf]Rg] sfd a];L x'Ng] sfd vfFbfvfFb . sf]rf
m) [sf]rff] g' < ;+) sf]rg] s'g} j:t' Ps} 7fpFdf c6fO{gc6fO{ x'g] uL vfFb\g' sf]Rg' .
> sf]rflg' s) lqm) sf]rfg]{ sfd ulg' vfFb] xflng' . sf]rff] gf) [sf]r\ cff]] Ps} 7
'mlDdg] jf vfFbfvfFb ulg] 9\u 3rff] 3'OFrf] ;fF3'f] . sf]rn ] f] gf) [;+) s'rf]B] a
csf] lauf x'g] uL lgx'F lemSg] jf layf]Ng vf]Hg] sfd slr\un x'8 F nf] em}emu8f . sf]
] \ g' ;) lqm) [sf]rn ] f] g'] d'l5g] vfg]s ' f] jf s'g} tn j:t' l3g nfUg] lsl;dn] rn
fpg' xft xfn] xNnfpg' sf]rNg' x'8 F Ng' luhf]Ng' . > sf]rn ] fO gf) sf]rN ] g] sfd jf
k|lqmof . sf]rl ] ng' s) lqm) sf]rN ] g] sfd ulg' x'8 F lng' luhf]lng' . sf]R5] gf) b
f}fs} h:tf] km] x'g] t'gf afFWg'kg]{ Ps kf];fs na]bfsf 5fF6sf] cfsf] n'uf . sf]hfu
[;+)] cflZjg z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ulg] nIdLsf] j|tpT;j . sf]hfu|t gf) [;+)] cflZjg
z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf] lbg To;} ft ulg] k"hfj|t . sf]hflg cJo) [;+) sM hfgflt] sf] hfGb5
jf yfxf 5}g eGg] cfzon] clgZro hgfpg] zAb s'lGg . (pbf) pgsf] 3df sf]hflg s;n] ePge
Psf] s'f] nfOlbP5, nf]Ug]:jf:gLd} emu8f k] 5'L 5) . sf]6! gf) [c\)] bf}f jf sldheGbf
lx nufOg], cl3lNt v'nf ePsf] leqaflx aunL flvPsf] afx'nfbf kf];fs pQLo klxg . sf]
;+) sf]] != k|frLg sfndf fHosf] ;Ldf;'Iffsf] Joj:yf ug]{ 7fpF lsNnf b'u{ u9L . @= r'n
k]sf] u9L t'Nofpg of]Uo :yfg . #= df}nf] k'Hg] 7fpF . sfnL gf) != sf]6sL jf sf]6d
f :yfkgf ulPsL b]jL . @= g]kfnsf] uf]vf lhNnfdf kg]{ cf?3f6 eGg] 7fpFdf cjl:yt b]j
L jf ltg} b]jLsf] dlGb .

251

sf]6t'?ksf]7] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= sf]fpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . sf]fOg' s) lqm) sf]fpg

ulg' pSsfOg' sf]tlg' pkmfOg' . sf]fpg' ;) lqm) != s'g} ljifoj:t'sf] k|;\u jf s'f
fds'f] yfNg' . @= yf]y } f]} u] vGg' jf pKsfpg' vf]tNg' . #= O;ffsf lglDt jf ;ts{ kf
xftn] 5'g' v';S ' s lrdf]6g \ '. sf]7L gf) [;+) sf]i7] ;fgf] jf ;fF3 ' f] sf]7f] sDtL
pHofnf] ePsf] rNglkmg{ c;lhnf] kg]{ sf]7f] . sf]7fsf]7L gf) [sf]7f] sf]7L] != 3sf ;
fgf7"nf sf]7fxsf] ;d"x . @= afs;, efF8f cflbsf ;;fgf w]} v08 . sf]7fdr]sf]7fdf]r ] g
f) [g]jf) sf]7fdrf] sf]7fsf] sfdwGbf ug]{ dfG5] sf]7] gf]s . sf]7f gf) [;+) sf]i7 cfsf
!= cGgkft fVg] 7"nf] 9's6 ' L wg;f . @= l;Psf n'ufsf] cfkl kg]{ efu . #= k]6leqsf] e
fu uef{zo kf7]3 . $= k]6 e'8 F L . > sf]7flg sf]7fsf] v6gk6g ug]{ jf sfd ug]{ cfOdfO
]7fsf] sfd jf lelqof sfd ug]{ :jf:gLdfG5] . sf]7fL gf) lhdLbfsf] hUufdf sf]7fsf] lhD
df lnP sfd ug]{ sd{rfL sf]7fsf] Ifs jf wfnf] . sf]7L! gf) [;+) sf]i7] hLpdf lg:sg] s
] jf ftf] gd]l6g] dl;g' bfu jf yf]Knf] ltn . sf]7L@ gf) [sf]7f] O{] != 7"n7"nf] n]gb]
g jf Jofkfsf] sff]af x'g] 3 7"nf] k;n . @= G8Lx a:g] 3 jf sf]7f j]Zofno . #= lrofa
}FrLaufg cflbsf Joj:yfksx xg] 3 . $= wg;f . jfn lj) != sf]7L ePsf] 7"nf] Jofkf rnf
gf) @= dxfhg ;]7 . jfNgL gf) != sf]7Ljfnsf] :qLln\uL k dxfhg:qL . @= G8Lxsf] Joj:
nfP hLjgj[lQ ug]{ cfOdfO{ G8LsL gfOs]gL . sf]7] lj) [sf]7f] P] != sf]7fh:tf] b]lvg] jf
sf]7}sf]7f ePsf] (n'ufkmf6fsf a'f cflb) . @= sf]7d } f a:g], x'g,] ulg] jf 6'l\ ug
] (sfd, s'f, ukm O)) . #= sf]7fsf] . ~ ukm gf) sf]7fd} dfq ulg] vf; dxj gePsf] ukm j
f s'f . ~ t'Ssf gf) s'f}6] dfG5]n] ;xh kdf ug]{ s'f sf]7fdf a;] s'f ubf{ lemlsg] ;f
F:of}nL jf dfOnf] ePsf 6'Ssf . ~ b\uf gf) 3leq} x'g] vnanL jf aemf}6L sf]7feGbf aflx
lg:sg] ;fdfGo xf]xNnf . ~ kl08t gf) leqleq ukm u] tfklg aflx k]sf 7fpFdf r'F ug{ g;S
g] JolQm d'vsf] dfq klkf7 ug]{ dflg; . ~ kb gf) 7f8f] t];f]{ sf]7s } f]7f ePsf] xfdf
gk'u cIfx b'jl} taf6 ykL ldnfO{ sf]7f tof kfg]{n] ;f]r]cg';fsf] cy{ lgSng] uL eg]{ c
of; jf pQ . ~ afa' gf) 3df rflxF 8'qmg], aflx eg] af]Ng} g;Sg] dflg; 3;fF9f lkF9L;fF
. ~ afL gf) 3jlkl kmnk"mn, tsfL cflb nufOg] afL

sf]6t'?k gf) [sf]6 t'?k] tf;sf] t'?k v]ndf ljkIfL v]nf8Ln] Ps xft klg vfg gkfO{ cfgf
] t'?kn] ;a} xft vfg] sfd jf To:tf] lht . sf]6kfn gf) [;+) sf]kfn] lsNnfsf] ;'Iff u
g]{ JolQm sf]6sf] clwklt b'u{Ifs . sf]6k|ms gf) [c\)] b'O { tLg sf sk8f k|of]u ug{
cufl8 kfFr k5fl8 b'O{ 6'qmf ufF;L agfOg] ljz]if k|sfsf] k|ms sf]6sf 5fF6sf] 3fFu .
sf]6 gf) [;+)] vsf] 6f]8\sf] jf wf]b|f] . sf]6f gf) [c\)] s;}l;t lng jf s;}nfO{ lbg
lglZrt ulPsf] s'g} j:t'sf] lx:;f jf efu laqmLljt0f x'g] j:t' of]hgf k"f ulg] vr{df c
'kftn] kfOg] ;Dk"0f{ efusf] Ps k6sdf lbOg] jf lnOg] c+z . sf]6fn gf) [g]jf)] != of
n9f]sfsf] kNnf c8fOg] rf}sf];sf bfofFafofF 7f8f sf7df emG8} cfwf vf]nL ulxf] agfP T
o;df l5fO{ ofn9f]sf aGb ulg] kmNofs . @= ofnsf] tNnf] cfwf efudf hl8g] 8G8L, ]ln cflb
. > sf]6fnL gf) != ofnsf] tNnf] efudf 8G8L xfnL agfOPsf] ;fgf] v08 . lj) @= sf]6df
a:g] sf]6sf] afl;Gbf . sf]l6 gf) [;+)] x]) sf]6L . sf]l6nf gf) [;+)] b}n]v lhNnfsf
] 5fdufpF vf]nfsf] k"jL{ lsgfdf l:yt dxfb]jsf] dlGb . sf]l6ln\u gf) [;+)] lzjhLsf sf]
8 ln\ud"lt{ . ~ cbfnt gf) dWosfnLg g]kfnsf] sf]l6ln\usf] :yfkgf ulPsf] 7fpFdf x]sf] ;
a}eGbf dflyNnf] b]jfgL cbfnt . sf]l6zM lqm) lj) [;+)] != w]} lsl;dn] cg]sf}F k|sfn]
. lj) @= sf]8f}F w]} c;\Vo . sf]6L gf) [;+)] != ;o nfvsf] ;Vof sf]8 sf]l6 . @= xl
rf] jf wf . #= wg'sf] 6'Kkf] . $= >]0fL :t bhf{ . %= s'g} ljjfbsf] k"j{kIf . lj) ^=
;o nfv sf]8 . sf]6 ] lj) [sf]6 P] sf]6df a:g] jf sf]6sf] afl;Gbf (d';Lsf]6,] dfemsf]6
,] g'jfsf]6] O)) . sf]6]f] gf) eFu]fh:t} sf], lkm:6f]eGbf s]xL ;fgf], 8Nnf] cfsfsf],
mf8Ldf a6'sfsf 9fFrfsf] nfDrf] u'F8 nfpg] Ps rf] au]8L . sf]6; ] g gf) [c\)] s'g} kl
g sfof{nosf] dfucg';f cfjZos dfn;fdfg jf vr{sf] befp v'nfO{ ;DalGwt ljqm]tf jf Jol
Qmn] lbg] ljj0fkq . sf] gf) [;+)] b'u{ lsNnf sf]6 . sf]lg' c) lqm) [;+) sf]og] !=
ifoj:t'l;t ;DalGwt k|;\u jf s'f] p7\g' sfds'f] k|fDe x'g' plSsg' . @= lrD6Fbf, sf]tbf
, vf];|Fbf, vGbf s'g} rLh jf j:t'sf] kfk|f,] tx cflb lg:sg' pKsg' . > sf]fO gf) != s
f]lg]

sf]7f]sf]k s];fafL . ~ dflns gf) != 3df 5pGh]n s'ng { ,] aflx uPkl5 eg] n'?Ss kg]{ Jo
Qm sf]7] afa' . @= r'OofF nf]eL . ~ fhgLlt gf) aflx k|efj gkfg]{ t leqleq csf; kQfn
Sg] fhgLlt jf To:tf] rfn d'9a ] n . ~ fgL gf) l;Fufk6f uL sf]7fdf a;]sf] a:o} ulxg
O{ sfdsfhdf eGbf l;Fufk6fdf Wofg lbP 3} a:g] t?gL :qL jf lelqgL :jf:gL . sf]7f] gf) [
+) sf]i7] != aLraLrdf sf7, uff] cflbn] af] 3leq agfOPsf] ;fgf] jf 7"nf] v08 . @= bfh,
afs; cflbdf kmNofs cflb 7f]s] agfOPsf] vfgf v08 . #= sfut, n'uf, e'OF{ cflbdf To;
} jf a'f eg]{ clek|fon] t];f{ 7f8f w;f{ kfL agfOPsf] vfgf . $= wfg, rfdn cflb fVg]
rf]ofn] a'gs ] f] efF8f] esfL . sf]9 gf) [;+) s'i7] x]) sf] . sf]0f gf) [;+)] != b'O{
lbzfsf aLrsf] lbzf pklbzf . @= b'O{ lbzfaf6 cfPsf ;n ]vfx hf]l8g] 7fpF jf s'g' . wf
lj) ;a}lt lkmFlhPsf] jf sf]0f k]sf] . wfL jg gf) To:t} afSnf] jg . sf]t gf) [;+) sf]
;sfL kmf}hsf] vvhfgf, xftxltof cflb flvg] 3 df}nf] k"hf ulg] 7fpF sf]6 . kj{ gf
Oltxf;k|l;4, lj) ;+) !()#df xg'dfg\9f]sf bafsf] sf]tdf ePsf] h\uaxfb'ff lrt cfk"m k
GqL x'g ulPsf] efOefbfxsf] g[z+; xTofk"0f{ 7"nf] fhgLlts 36gf jf sf08 . sf]t\g' ;)
[;+) sf]60f] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ xftn] jf cGo ;fwgn] sf]fpg' sf]qg' . @= r'Rrfn] 7'U F
g' 6's6's kfg'{ . #= g\u|f cflbn] lryf]g'{ sf]kg'{ . > sf]tlg' s) lqm) sf]tg]{ sfd ul
' sf]lg' . sf]tofO gf) sf]tg]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . sf]tofpg' k|]) lqm) sf]tg{ nfpg' . sf
tjfn gf) [;+) sf]kfn] s'g} k|dv ' s]Gb| lsNnf jf ;Ldfdf :yfgLo zflGt;'Iffsf nflu flvP
sf] k|xLclws[t . > sf]tjfnL gf) k|xL;DaGwL sfdsfafO{ ;fgfltgf kmf}hbfL d'2fsf] sfa
g]{ sf]tjfnsf] cf jf 7fgf . sf]tfvfg gf) [ < ] sDddf afFWg x'g] Ps k|sfsf] lnulnu] ta
f (lbJo)) . sf]t ] gf) [sf]t P] ;]gfsf] vvhfgf fVg] 7fpFsf] ]vb]v ug]{ ;sflof hflub
bf gf) != sf]t]n] ug]{ vfnsf] sfd jf wGbf . @= 3fo;L emsf]{nfUbf] sfd ;';w ] Gbf .
sf]qf gf) [ sf]qf]] df5fsf] Ps hft . sf]lqg' c) lqm) [sf]qf] O g'] vf]l;|P jf ;;fgf vf
k] 3fpvt nfUg' 5fs6] x'g' . sf]q ] lj) [sf]qf] P] d'v jf cGo c\uk|To\u sf]lqPsf]
252

sf]ofxf 5fsf k]sf] 5fs6] . sf]qf] gf) [;+) sf]6] sL6, cfNdf]lgodsf efF8f cflbdf cfD
' kgf{n] ePsf dl;gf l5b| jf vfN6fv'N6L . sf]ofO gf) [ sf]lq (ofO)] sf]lqg] sfd jf k|
lqmof . [ > ] sf]ofOg' s) lqm) sf]lqg nfOg' sf]lqg] ufOg' . sf]ofpg' k|) ] lqm) sf]lq
nfpg' sf]lqg] ufpg' . sf]ofxf lj) d'v cflb c
\u sf]lqPsf] 5fsf k]sf] 5fs6] 5fs]
st}kl klg gldNg] sfd gnfUg] sf]Tn]uf8f] lj) [sf]t vfnsf] . sf]yf gf) [ sf]yf]] != a:
fpsf] l;
k'mSnFbf leqkl b]lvg] slnnf] 6'Kkf] . @= x]) sf]yf] . sf]yfpg' c) lqm) [sf
]yf]cfpg'] sf]yf cfpg' afnf, k"mn cflb lg:sg' jf k;fpg' . sf]yL gf) [;+) sf}IfL] tafs
] Dofg jf v's'Lsf] bfksf 6'Kkfdf hl8g] wft'sf] ;fbf jf a'fbf RofK6f] 9'
\u|L . d'x'8f
gf) v's'L cflbsf] bfkdf hl8Psf] 6'Kkfsf] 9'
\u|L d'vklsf] wft'sf] a]?jf . sf]yf] gf)
[k|f) sf]Ty] != s]f, pv' cflbsf] km]bdf knfpg] 6';f] gofF la?jf . @= wfg, ux'F cfl
bsf] afnf lg:sg] ue{ afnL k;fpg] gnL . sf]b08 gf) [;+)] tfFbf]afx]s wg'sf] ;a} efu
wg'if wg' . sf]bfnL gf) [;+) s'2flnsf] 5f]6f] laF8 rfSnf] kftf ePsf] b'j} xftn] ;d
fO{ v]tafL vGg] kmnfd] xltof . kft] lj) sf]bfnLsf] kftf]h:tf] sf]bfnLsf kftfsf 9fFrf
sf] (t cIf) . sf]bfn] lj) [sf]bfnf]P] != sf]bfnf] rnfP hLljsf ug]{ jf sf]bfnfs} edf
Rg] . gf) @= PstGqL zf;gsfndf lnOg] dfnkf]tsf b'O{ lsl;d xn] sf]bfn]dWo] Ps uf]?
kfNg g;Sg]nfO{ nfUg] ;x'lnot lbOPsf] hUufs . sf]bfnf] gf) [;+) s'2fn] nfdf] sf7sf]
laF8 nfDrf] kftf] x'g], v]tafL vGg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] kmnfd] xltof . sf]b ] lj) [sf
]bf]P] != sf]bf] vfP hLljsf ug]{ sf]bf]afx]s c cGg vfg gkfPsf] . @= s'gfsfKrfdf a;] b
'vlhnf] uL hLjg latfpg] s'g} ;Eo ;+;f gb]v]sf] . sf]bf] gf) [;+) sf]bj | ] l;?sf h:t
} kft x'g] 6'Kkfdf e'mKk] afnf nfUg] af]6 jf To;} af]6sf afnfdf kmNg] tf]Lsf bfgf
h:t} cfsf
x'g] bfgf (cGg) s'cGg . sf]lg cJo) [sf]lg] s'fsfgLdf xf] xf]Og eGg] jf
gePsf] a'emfpg] zAb s'lGg . (pbf) fd lxhf] t oxLF lyP, cfh sf]lg stf uP) . sf]k! gf)
[;+) s'8d \ ] vs6xsf] u'bLsf] sf]of . sf]k@ gf) [;+)] s;}k|ltsf] ljf]w jf c;Gt'li6a
f6 pAhg] dgf]efj qmf]w l; . ~ ejg gf) s'g} dfG5] l;fpFbf jf

253

sf]k/\g'sf]n\g' sf]KNofO gf) [ sf]KNofp(cfO)] sf]KNofSs kfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof [ > ]

]KNofOg' s) lqm) sf]KNofpg] sfd ulg' . sf]KNofpg' ;) lqm) [sf]KNofSscfpg'] 7"n7"nf uf
F; xfn] jf sf]KNofSssf]KNofSs x'g] uL vfg' . sf]KNofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") sf]KNofs\ s] g
vfg]s'f] Ps} v]kdf vfg] uL . sf]tf gf) [kmf) sf]t] s'6s ] f] df;' jf lkFws ] f] bfnt
cflbnfO{ l3pt]ndf tf] ljz]if k|sfn] agfOg] ;fgf 8Nnf klsf jf To;}ff agfOg] ;bf t
f | gf) [c\)] cToGt ljiffn' l; p7]kl5 km0ff p7fP v]b\g] vtgfs ;k{ uf]dg ;fFk . sf]
j) [;+)] != b]Vbf, ;'Gbf jf 5'Fbf Koff] nfUg] ;'vb ;+j]bg x'g] sdnf] gd d'nfod ;'s'
@= slnnf] snsnfpFbf] . #= ;'Gb dgf]x . $= dw' dGb (:j cflb) . tf gf) sf]dn x'g]
f jf efj . ~ tfn' gf) sng;f]eGbf dfly s7f] tfn'eGbf tn kg]{, Wjlgxsf] pRrf0f x'g] Ps
cjoj . sf]dnf j[lQ gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qsf cg';f 5f]6f 5f]6f ;df;, sf]dn zAb
fjnL, n, j, ; tyf ju{sf t];|f j0f{ (u, b cflb) sf] a9L k|of]u x'g] z[u \ f, zfGt,
cb\e't cflb ; tyf sf]dn ;'s'df efjsf] cleJolQm lbOg] Ps j[ l Q ;flxTosf tLgj6f j0f{
u t j[ l Q (pkgfulsfj[lQ, k'?iffj[lQ sf]dnfj[lQ) dWo] Ps . sf]dnfl:y gf) [;+)] sd
nf] jf slnnf] xf8 s's'] xf8 . sf]of] gf) [;+) sf]if] != cfFk, s6x cflb kmnsf] leq x]s
] laofF kmnk"mnleqsf] bfg' . @= ];dsf sLfn] cfk"m a:g nfPsf] u'F8 . sf]\g' ;) lqm) [;
) s'g] != s'g} tLvf] jf r'Rrf] j:t'n] wsf]{ kfg'{ sf]tg'{ . @= g, g\u|f cflbn] zLsf c
df bkmofpg' kmxfpg' . #= kf5\g' vf]:ofpg' . $= yfFqmf], sfOFof] cflbn] skfn tnf:g' s]
af6\g tof kfg'{ . sf] gf) [;+) s'i7] != Stljsfaf6 k}bf eO{ xftuf]8fsf cf}Fnfx uNb}
b}{ hfg] f]u s'i7f]u . sf]sf gf) [sf]\ sf]] \ != s'g} j:t'df jf 7fpFdf 5]:sf cflbn]
jf wsf]{ kfg]{ sfd . @= Hof]ltifLn] w'nf}6f]df cg]s ]vf sf]0f tfgL u|xultsf] kmn
v'fpg] sfd . #= t'R5 lsl;dsf] n]vfO jf vghf]th:tf sfd . sf]d gf) [c\)] s'g} ;\3;+:yf
cflbsf] a}7s a:g k|:tfj jf a'b F fx kflt ug{ cfjZos kg],{ lgodljwfgdf tf]lsPcg';fsf
] ;b:o;\Vof u0fk"s ;\Vof . sf]n\g' ;) lqm) [sf]\ g'] dfpn] k'mnaf6 aRrf lemSg' aRr
. > sf]nfO gf) sf]Ng] sfd jf k|lqmof . sf]lng' s) lqm) k'mnaf6 rNnf lgsflng' sf]Ng]

7'l:sFbf uP a:g] 3 jf sf]7f] . efuL lj) s;}sf] l;sf] emf]sdf ufnL jf emfk6 vfg'kg]{
sf] efuL . sf]k\g' ;) lqm) [t'n) sf]tg'{] s'g} j:t'nfO{ xftsf g\uf |, bfx|f jf c s'g}
j:t'n] lryf]g'{ bfg'{ g\Uo|fpg' sf]tg'{ . sf]kf gf) [lx) sf]k < ;+) sk{] k|foM lk;
]lg] s]6fs]6L jf lafdLnfO{ lb;flk;fa ufOg] lkQn, tfdlrg, cfndf]lgod cflbsf] efF8f]
. sf]kfO gf) [sf]k\ cfO] sf]kg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . sf]kfsf]k gf) [sf]k\ sf]k\] k:
{nfO{ sf]kg]{ sfd lryf]flryf] . sf]klg' s) lqm) [sf]k\ O g'] sf]kg]{ sfd ulg' lryf]
knfsf]lknf] gf) != k'mNg tof k]sf slnnf k"mn . @= sgkff] sfgsf aLrdf kg]{ lqsf]0ffsf
joj . sf]lknL gf) != k|]dLk|]ldsfsf aLr ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|o'St x'g] zAb . @= dl;gf s
]6fs]6L lrlrnflrlrnL . sf]kL! lj) [;+)] != sf]k ug]{ jf sf]k ePsf] qmf]wL . gf) @=
kfgL5]p jf gbLlsgfdf a:g] k]jfsf hftsf] kIfL hnk]jf kfgLk]jf . sf]kL@ gf) [ sf]aL]
k"mnsf]kL sf]eL . ~ af; gf) 6'Kkfdf sf]lknf xfNg] Ps hftsf] afF; . sf]k ' gf) [ sKk']
3 agfpFbf ofn9f]sfdfly xflng] sf7 jf 8G8L afFwL 9nfg ulg] cf8 . sf]Krfsf]KrL gf) s'
gfsfgL k]sf] jf 5]p5fpsf] 7fpF s'gfsfKrf cGts'Gt . sf]lKrg' c) lqm) [sf]Krf] O g'] !
d'v, cfFvf cflbsf] agf]6 gldn]sf] x'g' sf]Krf] kg'{ sf]lk|g' . @= ;fF3'f] x'Fb} hfg
' (af6f], hUuf, 7fpF O)) . sf]Kr] lj) [sf]Krf] P] sf]Krf] k]sf] 5fF6sfF6 gldn]sf] . s
f]Krf] lj) cfFvf, gfs, d'v cflb cln leq k;]sf] jf ba]sf] cg'xfsf] afGsL gldn]sf] ;nS
s gk]sf] . > sf]KRofO gf) sf]Krf] kfg]{ jf sf]KRofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . sf]KRofOg' s) l
qm) sf]Krf] kflg' sf]Krf] ufOg' . sf]KRofpg' k|]) lqm) sf]Krf] kfg'{ sf]Krf] ufpg' ;
f] jf gldNg] kfg'{ . sf]Kkf gf) 3fF6Lk5fl8 ub{gb]lv dfl:tsf] vfN6f] k]sf] 7fpF a"9L
vf]k|f] 3'Rr's . sf]lk|g' c) lqm) [sf]kf | ] O g'] pd] jf cGo s'g} ljz]if sf0fn] zL
] kg'{ v'lDrg' . sf]kf | ] lj) [ s'kf | ]] s'lRrP, v'lDrP, bf]la|P cflb s'g} sf0fn]
xL kq jf efu leqkl ba]sf] s'lk|Psf] . sf]Ko|fO gf) [ sf]Ko|fp (cfO)] sf]lk|g] lqmof j
k|lqmof . [ > ] sf]Ko|fOg' s) lqm) sf]Ko|fpg] sfd ulg' sf]kf | ] kflg' . sf]Ko|fpg'
k|) ] lqm) [sf]lk|ofpg'] sf]kf| ] kfg'{ sf]kf| ] t'Nofpg' .

sf]/nLsf]nfxn ulg' . sf]nL lj) [sf]nf]O{] ax jf ;fF9];Fu gldl;PsL t?gL (ufO{) . sf]
efn]l;t ldl;g] a]nf k'u]sf] t?gf] cj:yfsf] (ufO{a:t') sf]nL . sf]f! gf) [;+) s] != ;
bf, ;]tf] df8 gk5flPsf] afSnf] sk8f . lj) @= dfn;fdfg tof kfg{ sfd nfUg] sRrf (rLh
j:t') . #= cg'ej gkfPsf] jf cfjZos ljifoJojxf ga'em]sf] sfFrf] l;sf? . $= klisf gePsf
] gdflemPsf] . sf]f@ gf) [;+) sf]i7] cfdfafa', nf]Ug] jf cfk"mn] lslof a:g'kg]{ dflg
; dbf{ lslofk'qLn] cnfO{ g5'g] ;]tf] rf]vf] wf]tL km]L PsfGt sf]7f] af] cnUu} a:g] s
d lslof a:g] sfd (sf]f k:g', s]ff a:g', sf]f afg'{ cflb) . sf]fO gf) [sf]\cfO] sf]
jf k|lqmof . sf]fsf] gf) [sf]\cfsf]] \ PseGbf a9Ln] k:kdf Psgf;l;t sf]g]{ jf n'5f
g]{ sfd lryf]flryf] sf]kfsf]k . sf]f dfn gf) [sf]fdfn] k|zf]lwt ug{ afFsL x]sf]
j:t' tof ug'{eGbf klxn]sf cj:yfsf] sRrf j:t' jf ;fdfg (af]f a'Gg'eGbf klxn]sf] ;g
kf6, h'Qf l;pg'eGbf klxn]sf] 5fnf, cf}ifwL agfpg'eGbf klxn]sf] emfkft O)) . sf]lg'
s) lqm) [sf]\Og'] != s'g} tLvf] jf r'Rrf] j:t'n] wsf]{ kflg' bvlg' . @= yfFqmf] jf s
of]n] skfn tnfl;g' . sf]L! gf) [c
\) :sf]] != aL;sf] ;
\VofnfO{ Ps PsfO dfg] uGg] k|0ff
Lcg';f aL;j6f j:t'sf] ;d"x Ps aL; . @= aL; 9]k sfutsf] 7]nL jf ;d"x . (pbf) xfd|f]
sfof{nonfO{ tLg sf]L g]kfnL sfut rflxPsf] 5) . sf]L@ gf) [;+) s'g] 7"nf] kft ePsf] e
]6\gfdf nfdf] laF8 nufOPsf] df6fsf] sfddf k|of]u x'g] xltof a]Nrf . sf]L# gf) [;+) s
'i7] s'i7f]uL dxff]uL sf]xL | sf]9L sf]bL{ . vfgf gf) sf]LxnfO{ fVg] cf}ifwL
oj:yf ePsf] 7fpF . sf]L af6L gf) [sf]\ O{ af6\ O{] skfn sf]g{] r'N7f] af6\g] sfd s]z
;nSs kf] ldnfpg], tnf:g] l;Fufg]{ sfd . sf]]F;f] gf) [sf]\ PF;f]] sf]ofF;f] . sf]f
+) sf]i7] lslofk'qLxn] sf]f wfufn] afL a:g agfOPsf] 7fpF x]) sf]f@ . sf]sf{nL lj) [s
f]{ cfnL] h\unL :jefjsf] ;Eo lzi6 gePsf] kfv] . sf]sf] { gf) != s]6fs]6L ;'tfpg kLFwl
bx|f sfd|f fvL afF;,
254

a]t cflbsf rf]ofn] a'g]sf] vl6ofsf cfsfsf] la6 ePsf] efF8f] emf]n 'u \ f] sf]qmf] .
@= afnLgfnL ePsf] 7fpFaf6 a:t'efp lxF8fpFbf afnLsf] 5]p5fpdf uf]? hf]Tbf afnL vf
g glbg d'vdf nufOlbg] k'mn'{ dxnf . #= s'g' k]sf] jf ;fgf] 7fpF . sf]6 { gf) [c\)] cb
fnt Gofofno . ~ kmL gf) b]jfgL d'2f btf{ ubf{ cbfntdf lgod;jfncg';f l6s6 jf lauf]sf
] s]xL k|ltzt wf}6L fVg'kg]{ b:t' clws0fz'Ns . ~ df;{n gf) ;}lgs clwsfLxff d'2fdf
cbfnt ;}lgs cbfnt . sf]g {] gf) hldg ;Dd ePgePsf] hfFRg] Ps oGq . sf]of;f] gf) [sf]
ofF;f]] s'leG8f], d"nf, sfFqmf], lkF8fn' cflb sf]] crf, tsfL agfpg x'g] uL e'h'L kfg
wflnf] ;;fgf Kjfn ePsf] wft'sf] bfFt] ;fwg sf]]F;f] . sf]ofssf]ofs lqm) lj) [c) d")
]ofs\c (l))] sfFqmf], d"nf, ufFh cflb sfFrd } f rkfpFbf k6sk6s cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] .
sf]ofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") sf]ofs\ s] sfFqmf], ufFh, d"nf cflb sfFrd } f rkfpFbf cln 7"
nf] cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] dofSs . sf]ofxf lj) [sf] \ ofxf] != s'i7 f]un] ;tfPsf] sf]
. gf) @= s;}nfO{ 3[0ffk"js { ufnL ubf{ k|of]u x'g] zAb . :qL) sf]ofxL . sf]f{ gf) [
t') sf]] sf7 jf a]tsf] ;dfpg] d"7 ePsf] 5fnfsf nf]tLxsf] r'N7L jf 8f]L afl6Psf], 3f
]8fnfO{ tx nfpg jf ckfwLnfO{ sfon kfg{ lk6\g] ;fwg . sf]n! gf) != uf]? jf dflg;n]
3'dfO{ pv', tf]L, t]n cflb k]n] t]n jf ; lgsflng] sf7n] ag]sf] oGq ;fn . @= gfO6fb]l
v dfly 3fF6LeGbf tnsf] c\u 5ftL sf]v (k) g])) . sf]n@ gf) tsfL vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] lx
l;dL . sf]nDaf] gf) >Ln\sfsf] fhwfgL . ~ of]hgf gf) fi6d08nsf tkm{af6 blIf0f blIf0f
L{ Pl;ofsf ldq fi6xnfO{ lbOg] ;xfotf . sf]nf gf) [g]jf)] sf]6fnsf] dflyNnfkl flvg] t
]{ sf7 8F8fnL . sf]nfsf]nf gf) [c) d") sf]nf (l))] != s]6fs]6LnfO{ g'xfpFbf lr;f]n]
gcflQo"g\ ;ftf] ghfcf];\ egL afnssf] Wofg cfk"mlt tfGgsf lglDt elgg] zAb . @= s'
g} sfdJojxfaf6 cflQg'kg]{ l:ylt s] uF, s;f] uF x'g] ;\s6k"0f{ cj:yf . sf]nfxn gf) [;
s'g} cTofl;nf] cj:yfdf w]} dflg;n] af]n]sf] 6f9f;Dd ;'lgg] c:ki6 cfjfh cQflnFbf]
xf]xNnf sf]xf]nf] sf]sf]xf]nf] .

255

sf]nLsf];] ksf] cf . sf]if gf) [;+)] != x]) sf]z . @= kftnf] lemNnLn] a]lPsf] hLjg;
s]Gb|;d]t ePsf] zLdf xg] df+;lk08 jf s0f . sfJo gf) k"jf{k ;DaGw gePsf] t pxL ljif
O{ lnP n]lvPsf] kB;\ux | . s]Gb| gf) hLjsf]ifsf] hLjg; xg] afSnf] leqL efu . ; g
f]ifdf xg] hLjg;afx]ssf] cGo tn kbfy{ . > sf]iffWoIf gf) x]) sf]zfWoIf . sf]iffj0f gf
hLj; xg] sf]ifxnfO{ Ps csf{af6 5'fpg] Iff ug]{ kftnf] lemNnL hLjg; xg] sf]ifsf]
f]i7 gf) [;+)] != sf]7f] . @= k]6sf] leqL tx jf efu . #= 9's'6L e08f . sf]i7s gf) [;
+)] sf]7f v08 vfgf . ~ lrXg gf) JofVof, ;\s]t, ;"rgf, :ki6Ls0f cflb 5n{\u kfg{ cufl8
5fl8 5]Sg] lrXg ul0ft, lj1fg cflbdf s'g} Ps ju{ jf ;d"x 5'fpg] lrXg (h:t} ( ), [ ] O
)) . sf]i7a4 lj) [;+)] != sf]i7s lrXgxn] afFlwPsf] jf tL lrXgn] 5'fOPsf] . gf) @= 7L
s ;dodf gePsf] lb;fsf] f]sfO jf k]6 ;fkm gx'g] sfd slAhot uf]6f kg]{ f]u . tf gf) !=
sf]i7s lrXgn] 5]Sg] sfd jf 9fFrf . @= lb;f gx'g] jf f]lsg] l:ylt slAhot . sf]; gf)
[;+) qmf]z] != hldgsf] nDafO gfKbf b'O{ dfOn nfdf] kldf0f cf7 xhf xft jf rf xhf uh nD
afOsf] gfkf] cf7 ;o wg' jf k}FtL; ;o aL; uhsf] b"L . @= cfFvfsf b'jl} tsf] s'g' jf
rf];f] . #= ufhn nufpg] l;Gsf] . sf];n gf) [;+)] sgf{nL (;o") gbLsf b'j} lsgfdf x]sf
] k|frLg Ps b]z . > sf];n]o gf) != sf];n b]zsf clwklt fdrGb| . lj) @= sf];n b]z;Fu
;DalGwt . sf];fsf];L gf) [sf];f] sf];f]] ;fgf7"nf w]} sf];fsf] ;d"x . sf]l;of gf) pv's
f u]jFf, lrlgofF, 9f]8], a]]h:t} Ps e]b Ps hftsf] pv' sf];]pv' . sf]l;; gf) [kmf) sf
z] s'g} klg sfd ug{sf lglDt ljz]if kn] ulg] k|oTg r]i6f hdsf]{ k|of; . sf];L! gf) [;+
sf]z] bxL, dxL, crf cflb fVg] sfddf k|of]u x'g] wft', sf7 jf df6fsf] efF8f] ;fgf]
cfL . sf];L@ gf) [;+) sf}lzsf] k"jL{ g]kfndf ;'gsf];L, OGb|fjtL, b"wsf];L, tfdfsf]
;L, tdf], c?0f lnv' ldn]sf k|l;4 ;ft gbL ;Ktsf];L . ~ c~rn gf) g]kfnsf rf}w c~rndWo
] tyf k"jf{~rn ljsf;If]qsf tLg c~rndWo] d]rL ;udfyfsf aLrdf x]sf] pQlt rLg blIf0flt
ft;Fu l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] Ps c~rn . sf];! ] lj) [sf];f] P] sf];f ePsf] jf sf];f lg:sg]
sf];fh:tf] (x]) sf];a ] fnL) .

sf]nL gf) != k|]dLk|]ldsfsf] k|]dfnfksf k|;\udf sfvnfO{ a'emfpg] zAb l76fl76Lsf] dfof
n' sfv . @= g]kfnLsf] Pp6f y . ef6 gf) g]kfnLs} Pp6f y . sf]nf]gL gf) [c\)] != ;fd|f
ojfbL b]zxn] cfgf] Jofkf, lzIff, k|zf;g cflb ljleGg k|efj km}nfPsf] If]q pklgj]z . @
= s'g}s'g} juL{o jf k];fut JolQmsf ;d'bfon] a;f]af; u]sf] If]q . #= ;x/L If]qdf Jo
jl:yt lsl;dn] agfOPsf] jf a;fOPsf] a:tL . sf]N6] lj) [sf]N6f] P] ;Lwf jf cfFvf;f]em
L geO{ bfofFafofFlt 9Ns]sf] sf]N6f] k]sf] cfFvf 5lnPsf] . sf]N6f] gf) [;+) sIfjt{] !=
;Lwf ;n geO{ 6]9f]d9 ] f] k]sf] 7fpF jf j:t' . @= bfofF jf afofF sf]vn] 6]s] 58\s]
;'Tg] 9fFrf . lj) #= cfFvf;f]emL gePsf] kfos gk]sf] ckfxL . sf]Nyf gf) cNnfsf] kf6af
6 tof kflg] af]f jf gfDnfh:tf] 3]n' j:t' . sf]ljb gf) [;+)] != ljBf a'l4 ePsf] ljf
8t . @= cg'ejL tyf s'zn lgk'0f kf]Vt . sf]ljbf gf) [;+)] sf]Ofnf]sf] j[If jf k"mn sf]
nf] . sf]z gf) [;+)] != cGgkft jf wgdfn ;'lIft fVg] e08f 9's'6L vhfgf sf]if . @= s'g
glZrt qmdlgod tyf j0f{Jofs0ffTds Joj:yfcg';f zAbx e]nf kfL k|To]s zAbsf] cy{ n]lvPsf]
u|Gy zAbsf]z . #= taf, v's'L cflb xltofsf] bfk . $= s'g} j:t' jf hLjsf] vf]n (cGgdo,
k|f0fdo, dgf]do, lj1fgdo cfgGbdo) . %= vla?jf jf ;fukftsf] k"mn . ^= sf]lknf sf];f
] sf]of] . &= c08 c08sf]z . sf gf) != zAbsf]zsf] ;Dkfbg ug]{ JolQm jf sf]zsf] lgdf{t
f . @= wg fVg] efF8f] jf taf, v's'L fVg] bfk agfpg] JolQm . #= cfgf] cfj0f jf sf]z :
\ agfOg] cy{df ];dsf] sLf] . $= :jod\ hfnf] a'Gg] cy{df dfs'f] . kfn gf) 9's'6Lsf] ;
'Iff ug]{ JolQm, eF8f] vhfGrL . ~ lj1fg gf) sf]zrgf;DaGwL lj1fg zAbsf]zsf lgdf{0fsnf
l;4fGt ljj]rgf ePsf] ljBf . ~ j[l4 gf) != e08fsf] clej[l4 x'g] jf wg;DklQ a9\g] sf
d . @= c08sf]z 7"nf] x'g] f]u . > sf]zfuf gf) cGgkft jf wg;DklQ ;~ro ug]{ 3 9's'6L wg
f e08f . sf]zfWoIf gf) != ;+:yf jf s'g} cfly{s sff]af ug'{kg]{ sfof{nosf] ;DklQ ]vb]
g]{ sfd lhDdf lnPsf] JolQm vhfGrL . @= s'g} ;\u7gsf] sfo{sfl0fL ;ldltsf] PsfOdf cfl
y{s sff]af x]g]{ JolQmsf] kb To;} kbdf xg] JolQm . sf]zfno gf) s'g} k|sf]k jf b'3{6gf
df k]sf JolQmxsf] p4f jf ;xfotfsf lglDt hDdf ulPsf] sd dfn;fdfgsf] ljt0f tyf ;~rfng
]{ sfof{no wd{9s ' 6 ' Lsf

sf];]sf}d'bL sf];]@ lj) [sf]; P] sf]; ePsf] sf];sf kldf0fsf] . (rfsf];] emf8L, rfsf];
f6f] O)) . ~ 9'\uf] gf) != sf];sf];sf kmsdf flvg] 9'\uf] . @= ;Ldflgwf{0f ug{ of]Uo
f pNn]vgLo s'f . sf];] afnL gf) [sf];] afnL] df;, d:of, l;dL, af]8L, e6df;, s]fp cflb
:tf sf];f kmNg] afnL . sf]; ] pv' gf) kx]Fnf] df]6f] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] pv' sf]l;o
f . sf];]nL gf) s;}nfO{ ;Demgf lrg':jk cfgf fhLn] lbOg] s'g} rLh jf j:t' ;f}uft pk
. ~ k]?\uf] gf) k]?\ufdf xfn] NofOg] rngcg';fsf] sf];n ] L sf];n ] L c ;fdu|L . s
gf) [;+) sf]if] != af]8L, s]fp, df;, d:of, l;dL cflbsf leq u]8f xg] vf]n jf vf]n;lx
tsf] kmn . @= sf];fs} kdf kmNg] s]f, fdtf]lofF cflbsf] kmn . sf]lxg' gf) [kmf) sf]x]g
!= uf]ns'08fdf km]nf k]sf] s]xL ;do d'un ;d|f6\sf clwsfdf xL kl5 la|l6; ;d|f6\sf >
Lk]rdf hl8g k'us ] f] ljZjsf] ;j{>i ] 7 xLf ;jf]Q { d sf]l6sf] xLf sf]xg ] / ' . @=
clt t]lhnf] k|sfz k|sfzsf] kxf8 . sf]xL ;j{) [;+) sM lx] s;}nfO{ gtf]sL jf ckllrt J
olQmsf gfddf k|of]u x'g] clgZroaf]ws zAb s'g} . sf]x]g'/ gf) [kmf) sf]x]g"/] x]) s
f]lxg'/ . sf]xf]nf] gf) [;+) sf]nfxn] sf]nfxn sf]sf]xf]nf] . sf} gf) [g]jf)] kmnfds
f] sfd ug]{ g]jfhfltsf] Ps ju{ . sf}r F f gf) sfFrsf] k"mnbfg jf udnf . sf}6 L gf)
[ sf]N6f]] p8\b} uPsf] r
\ufnfO{ nfO{sf] wfuf] em8\sf] sf]N6f] kmsf{O{ tnlt emfg]{ sfd
. sf}r gf) [c
\) sfpr] aLrdf nrsbf kftfx fvL gljnsf h6f, ?jf cflb xfn] aflx sk8f, r
] df]xf]L agfOPsf] u2Lbf d]r ;f]kmf . sf}6lss gf) [;+)] rfr'?
\uL ;dfTg] jf dfg]{ JolQ
rfsf] l;sfL zfs'lgs . sf} l 6nLo lj) [;+ ) ] sf} l 6No ljfg\ n ] tof u] s f] sf}l6
GwL . sf}l6No gf) [;+)] != O;fk"j{ t[tLo ztfAbLsf dflgg] cy{zf:qsf rlotf tyf k|l;4
s"6gLlt1 cfrfo{ rf0fSo . @= s'l6n x'gfsf] sfd, efj jf cj:yf s'l6ntf 6]9f]kg . #= 5
nsk6 a]OdfgL . sf}6'lDas lj) [;+)] != s'6'Da jf gftfuf]tf ePsf] s'6'Da;DaGwL s'6'DaL
. gf) @= 3sf] d"nL jf h]7f]af7f] ysfnL afa' . sf}l8Go gf) [;+) sf}l08Go] kfz sf}l0
af6 hlGdPsf uf]qk|jt{s Ps Clif . ~ uf]q gf) sf}l8Go Clifsf] s'n jf
256

j+zsf] klrofTds gfd kfh'nL, Kofs'n ] , crfh{, ;fksf]6f, ;Tofn, af;sf]6f, Gof}kfg], v
8\sf, aufn]yfkf, dfl;gL kg] y x'g]xsf] uf]q . sf}8L gf) [sf}8f]O{] != ;fgf] vfnsf]
8f] . @= tNnf] txsf] bfd yf]} d"Nosf] k};f] . (pbf) ;fydf Ps sf}8L 5}g, s;L dlxgf rn
fpg] <) . sf}8 ] lj) [sf}8f]P] != sf}8f e'mG8fP jf le] lxF8\g] sf}8Ljfn . @= cfFvfdf
mnf] k]sf] sf}8fh:tf] cfFvf ePsf] . gf) #= bf; sdff] gf]s . ~ sdff] gf) plxn]sf] rn
f sfgdf sf}8L e'mG8fO{ kflng] sdff] vf; sdff] . sf}8f]! gf) [;+) skb{] != 3'FuLh:t} P
yL kfgLsLfsf] l;kL jf z
\v hftsf] Psfkl bfFtLbf d'v x'g] cl:ysf]if jf xf8sf] 9sgL . @
= cl3sf] lsga]rsf] ;fwg jf dfWod . #= ;f]x|j6f sf}8f ldnfO{ ltof, rf}sf, kGhf 5S
sf rf bfp dfg] cfk"mn] lnPsf] bfp k] dfg]{, gk] xfg]{ afhLdf v]lng] cj}w v]n . sf}8f
]@ gf) v's ' Lsf] sfFhf]lg wfdf agfOPsf] cw{rGb|fsf 3]f] . sf}ts ' gf) [;+)] != s'g
jnIf0f ljifok|lt hfUg] ljgf]bk"0f{ pTs07f s'tx " n . @= cfZro{hgs j:t' tdf;f . #=
ljjfxdf d
\undGq k9L ljlwk"js { agfOg] sk8fsf] ufF7f] nugufF7f] . sf}ts ' fufsf}ts '
fno gf) [;+)] != P]ltxfl;s jf ;f+:s[lts dxjsf bz{ g Lo j:t' x sf] ;
\ u | x fno Do' l
hod chfoa3 . @= laxfsf lbgdf b'nxLnfO{ l;Fufk6f ug]{ sk8f klxfpg] sf]7f] . #= sGofbf
ug]{ 7fpF . $= dgf]~hg ug]{ 7fpF jf 3 . sf}ts ' L lj) [;+)] != sf}ts ' ug]{ ljgf]bl
k|o nx8L :jefjsf] . @= j}jflxs ;DaGw ldnfpg] ndLsf] sfd ug]{ . #= v]n tdf;f b]vfpg]
r6s] hfb'u . sf}t"xn gf) [;+)] x]) s't"xn . sf}kLg gf) [;+)] != 7f8f] ;fgf] wf]tL nFu
f}6L (k|foM ;GGof;L a|XdrfLn] nfpg]) . @= of]uL;GGof;Lxn] sfFwdf leg]{ sk8f . wfL l
) sf}kLg wf0f ug]{ jf nufpg] (JolQm) . sf}a]L gf) [;+)] != pQ lbzf . @= s'a]sf] zlQm
. sf}df gf) [;+)] != s'df x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf s'dfdf xg] s'f sf}dfo{ . @= hG
v ;f]x| jif{ gk'u; ] Ddsf] cj:yf jf pd] . ~ j|t gf) cfhGd cljjflxt x] a|Xdro{sf lgo
dsf] kfng jf wf0f ug]{ j|t lhGbuLe s'df} xg] jf ljjfx gug]{ j|t jf k|lt1f . sf}dfo{ g
) [;+)] != afnskg jf o'jfj:yf sf}df . @= k'?ifsf] ;+;u{df gk]sL s]6Lsf] :qLTj s'dfLTj
. sf}d'bL gf) [;+)] != rGb|dfsf] ls0f Hof]T:gf . @= sflt{s z'SnkIfsf] k"l0f{df . #
= kfl0flg Jofs0fsf cfwfdf lgld{t

257

sf}df]bsLSofsSofs sf}zn gf) [;+)] s'g} klg ljifo jf sfddf x'g] of]Uotf jf o'lQmk"j{s
sf] lzNkbIftf s'zn jf l;kfn' x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ;Lk rft'o{ k|jL0ftf s'zntf . sf}lzs
gf) [;+)] != s'lzs Clifsf] j+zkDkf jf uf]q . @= ljZjfldq . #= OGb| b]jfh . $= nf6f]s
f];]f] . ~ uf]q gf) sf}lzs Clifsf] s'n jf j+zsf] klrofTds gfd s'lzs j+zaf6 k|jlt{t ]U
dL, lj0ffL, ldfn, 9'
\ufgf, ltjfL, n'OF6]n, k'8f;}gL, 3'j+zL, eF8fL, vKtL lji6, vKtL
yf]sL, vKtL v8\sf, fodfemL, vKtL a:g]t aflgofFxsf] uf]q . sf}lzsL gf) [;+)] sf]zL gb
;Ktsf];L . sf}zo ] lj) [;+)] != ];dsf] wfuf]af6 ag]sf] ];dL . gf) @= ];d gfdsf] sLfa
6 ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] tGt' ];d . sf};! lj) [;+) sf]z] ];dsf] wfuf]af6 ag]sf] ];dL . sf
lj) [;+) s'z] s'zaf6 lgld{t s'z;DaGwL s'zsf] . sf};n gf) [c
\) sfplG;n] != g]kfndf f0f
fsfntfsf s'g} hNbf]aNbf] ljifodf ljz]if ljrf k'ofO{ lg0f{odf k'Ug v8f ulPsf] ;ef jf
zf;snfO{ zf;g;DaGwL ;;Nnfx k'ofpg] To:tf] cf . @= sfg'gljb\xsf] ;ef sfg'g tyf Gofo;D
aGwL sfd ug]{ cf . sf};Nof gf) [;+)] blIf0f sf];nsL fhs'dfL tyf pQ sf];nsf fhf bzysL
7L fgL fdrGb|sL cfdf . sf};L! gf) [g]jf) sM l;] 3sf tnfxdf vf; uL a'Ou F n tnfdf 3fd
Kg jf udL{ 5Ng 5fgf gxfnL agfOPsf] v'nf 7fpF c6fnL jf a'hf{ljz]if . sf};L@ gf) [;+
) sf]z <] ;sfL cfDbfgLvr{sf] kmfF6jfL lx;fa;d]t fVg] g]kfnsf] k'fgf] ;sflof 9's'6L
f];fvfgf gf) PstGqL hxflgofF zf;gsfn;Dd sfod x]sf] ljleGg k|sfsf Jofj;flos Aof\sx rN
Ldf cfpg'eGbf klxn] g} g]kfnsf] rn wg;DklQ fVg] lhNnf lhNnfsf] ;bsf] 9's'6L cf . sf}
:t'e gf) [;+)] ;d'bd | Gygdf lg:s]sf], lji0f'sf] jIf:yndf nfOg] Ps k|l;4 dl0f jf T
g . Sof lgkf) pb]s, v';L emsf],{ ;Defjgf, z\sf cflb hgfpg] jf s'g} s'fdf hf]8 lbg k|
o'Qm x'g] cJoo s] s:tf] slQsf] v'k . (pbf) lagl;lQ klg Sof emd]nf cfOnfUof] af cfh k
m6an x]bf{ Sof dhf eof] d}n] cl:t g} eg]sf] s'f] Sof, la:of}{ ls s;f] <) . Sofs \ g
' ;) lqm) [SofFs \ g'] c4{rGb|fsf xTs]nfn] k5fl8kl 3fF6L ;dft] cFr6 ]g \ ' 3f]qmf] ;d
pg' pFwf] d'G6f] kfL lk7"a F f6 fSg' . SofsSofs gf) [c) d") SofFs \ c (l))] xfF;,
f cflb rf sfpFbf lg:sg] zAb jf af]nL .

;+:s[t efiffsf n3', dWo l;4fGt gfdsf Jofs0f;DaGwL k|l;4 u|Gy . sf}df]bsL gf) [;+)]
lji0f'sf rf xftdf xg] z
\v, rqm, ubf, kdWo] ubf, lji0f'sf] ubf . sf}/j gf) [;+)] != s
'? gfdsf kf}/fl0fs /fhfsf] j+zdf hGd]sf { g cflb) . ;Gtlt . @= s'?j+zL /fhf w[t/
fi6sf 5f]/f (b'of]w sf}f gf) Ps nx nf]Ug]dfG5] Ps nx :jf:gLdfG5] pleO{ 8Dk'm v}Fh8
hfPsf] tfndf gfrufg ulg] Ps k|frLg g[To s8'jf s?jf . sf}f] gf) [ sf]f]] lslofk'qLx
fpF x]) sf]f] . l9s'f] gf) != d]sf] b; lbg;Dd d[tsnfO{ lk08kfgL lbg hnfzoglhs} agfOP
f] j]bL l9s'f] . @= sf}f] l9s'f] ug]{ sfd . sf}n! gf) [ spn] x]) spn . sf}n@ gf) [
san] 3f]8fsf sf7Lsf] cl3Nnf] efudf bfofFafofF b'j}lt kg]{ uL c8fOg] Aofuh:tf] j:t'
. sf}n# gf) [;+)] jfddfuL{ ;d'bfosf] zfSt dtdf ljZjf; ug]{ JolQm jf To:tf] ;Dk|bf
o . sf}n sf gf) [sa'nsf] s'g} ljifodf sa'n ulg] jf k'ofOg] sf ;t{gfdf . sf}n6]o
fj;flos kdf j]Zofj[lQ ug]{ gfLsf] 5f]f] j]Zofk'q s'n6fsf] ;Gtfg . sf}nt8 gf) [kmf) sa
t
\u] 3f]8fsf] sf7Ldf sf}n s:g] 5fnfsf] k]6L . sf}nf;\g' ;) lqm) [sf}nf;f] g'] != s;}
nfO{ 6f9faf6 lrRRofP af]nfpg' xsfg'{ u'xfg'{ . c) lqm) @= cflQP sfpg' lrRRofpg' . > s
}nf;fO gf) sf}nf:g] sfd jf k|lqmof . sf}nfl;g' s) lqm) sf}nf:g] sfd ulg' . sf}nf;f]
gf) [ <] cfkb\sf] ;dodf u'xf dfUbf jf 6f9}af6 s;}nfO{ k'sfbf{ 7"nf] :jn] sfpg] sfd 7
"nf] :jsf] xsffO, a]fnfO jf lrRRofx6 . sf}nL gf) pHofnf] fd|f] gx'b F s } f] ;do ;a]
xfg ;vf} . sf}nf] gf) v]tsf] ;fgf] uf] uf]? gnfUg] kmu6f] . sf}jf gf) [;+) sfs] != ;d
rf sxG5 eGg] nf]swf0ff ePsf] Ps rf] sfu . 7f]L gf) sfusf r'Rrfh:tf] ;]tf gLnf s
mNg] Ps hftsf] ag}ofF nxf] . ~ kmn gf) e'OFemfdf x'g] sfkmnsf h:tf bfgf nfUg] kmn e'
Os F fkmn . sf}jfnL gf) [c) sjfn Ps lsl;dsf] afF;'L] != d';ndfgxdf w]} dflg; ldn] uf
g] Ps k|sfsf] wfld{s uLt . @= To:tf uLtsf w'g jf tL w'gdf ufOg] uLt . #= pko'{Qm
k|sfsf uLt ufpg]sf] k];f . sf}j ] gf) vf]nfdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] df5f] .

Soflsg'Sofn]G8 Soflsg' s) lqm) [SofFs \ Og'] SofFSg] sfd ulg' . SofsL gf) [SofFs
; jf kz'sf] unf] 3f]qmf] 3fF6L . @= Ps hftsf] rf] . lj) #= lgDg:tLo ;fdfGo ;'ema'em k
lg gePsf] . SofF6 gf) [ sfF6] != sfuhL d'bf | jf gf]6sf] la6f] ufuf kflPsf] sfuhL d'b
f . @= df]6f] sd k'FhL h]yf . jfn lj) wgL k};fjfn . F (l))] != grflxFbf] jf gx'g] S
ofp gf) [c) d") SofFp s'fdf klg emsf]{nfUbf] uL sfpg] sfd srsr . @= ;fdfGo s'fdf kl
f x'g] uL ePsf] vnan VofpFVofpF . SofsSofs lqm) lj) [Sofs\c (l))] 3fF6L cF7fpFbf ;f;
l sP Psgf;n] zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] . > SofsSofstLSofsSofsL lqm) lj) To;L g} ;f; f]lsP l
6f]l56f] zAb lg:sg] lsl;d;Fu . SofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") Sofs\s] 3fF6L cF7fpFbf ;f; f]l
sgfn] zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] lsSs lslSnSs . SofrSofr lqm) lj) [c) d") Sofr\c (l))] nuftf
ylrxg] lsl;dn] . > SofrSofrtLSofrSofrL lqm) lj) To;L g} cem l56f] lyRg] lsl;dl;t . S
ofr's gf) != 9'
u \ g ] hUufsf] l9:sf]df pd|g] l;pF8Lsf] Ps hft . @= zfLls cjoj 7Ls7Ls
gePsf] JolQm . SofRr lqm) lj) [Sofr\ r] s;}nfO{ y]Krf] kf] lyRg] rfn jf lsl;dn] . So
fh'on lj) [c\)] klxn] yfxf gkfPsf] t ckem{6 klcfpg] cfsl:ds v08] . ~ sg]S;g gf) cfsl
jf c:yfoL kdf hl8g] 6]lnkmf]gsf] h8fg . ~ labf gf) cfsl:ds labf eOklcfpg] labf . ;\I
f]) Sof) la) . Sofg lqm) lj) [;+) lsd\] s] sf0fsf nflu lsg (pbf) Sof eG5g\ lt ls fd O
Zj eof zf]s\ Sofg ltGn] uof . efg'eQmsf] fdfo0f) . SofgL gf) [c\)] k|foM kx]Fnf]
7f] af]nL af]Ng], eFu]fhqf] ;fgf] Ps hftsf] rf] . SofG; gf) [c\)] xf8, df;', ut cflbd
c; u] la:tf} a9\b} hfg] jf zLaflxsf] df;'df vl6fsf] kdf lg:sL sfpnLsf] k"mnh:t} a
d[To';Dd ufpg ;Sg] eo\s f]u . SofK6]g gf) [c\)] x]) sKtfg . SofKk lqm) lj) [c) d")
k\ k] xft, ;gf;f] cflbn] ;dfpg] jf bfFtn] Ps} kN6 6f]Sg] lsl;dn] 6fKk . Sofaft lj) af
]) [Sof aft] s'g} fd|f] sfd jf axfb'Lsf] lglDt lk7"Fdf wfk df] To;} klg k|f]T;fxg lb
k|of]u ulg] zAb :ofaf; . (pbf) Sofaft, jLxn] b]zsf lglDt v'k n8]5g\ ) .
258

Soflag gf) [c\)] != c:ktfndf f]uLnfO{ fVg Joj:yf ulPsf] 5'} ljz]if sf]7f] . @= JolQmu
sf]7f] . #= hxfhdf a:g;'Tg x'g] ;fgf] sf]7f] . ' dGqLx a;] cfjZos Soflag]6 gf) [c\)
] != k|dv dxjk"0f{ ljifodf lg0f{o lng] a}7s dGqLxsf] ;ef . @= dlGqd08n dlGqklifb\ . S
ofdsn gf) [c\)] cf}F7L, k"mnL, 9'\u|L cflbdf hl8g] 6Nsg] kTyljz]if . Sofdf gf) [c\)]
g} JolQm, b[Zo jf :ynsf] b'?:t lrq cfpg] uL kmf]6f] lvRg] oGq 5fof\sg ug]{ jf tl:a l
vRg] j}1flgs pks0f . Sofd'g ' gf) tLg c\u'nhlt kmfs Ps s']tafa nfdf lrNnf kft x'g]
Fnf] k"mn k'mNg] af]qmf g;sf] sfddf lnOg] Ps k|sf/sf] v . SofDk gf) [c\)] != sDkfpG
8 xftf lubf{ SofDkf . @= l;kfxLx uP a;f]af; ug]{ 7fpF lzlj . vf6 gf) SofDkdf f]u
tfn k'ofpg] vf6 . kmfo gf) l;kfxLxn] ljz]if pT;jdf jf tflnd lnFbf aGb's cflb k8\sfpg
] sfd . SofDk; gf) [c\)] k|df0fkq jf cfO{) P) tx ;f]eGbf dflysf] pRr lzIff k|bfg u
g]{ z}lIfs ;+:yf ljBfkL7 klxn]sf] sn]h jf dxfljBfno . ~ k|dv ' gf) SofDk;sf] k|zf;
lgs tyf k|fl1s sfo{;~rfng ug]{ k|d'v JolQm . SofDkf gf) [ SofDk] rf}lt kvf{n jf afn]
3]lPsf] 3hUuf jf sfof{no lubf{ xftf SofDk . Sof lgkf) jfSosf] k5fl8 nfu] ;+zo a'emf
Joo, Sof] . (pbf) efOx 3 cfPsf 5}gg\ Sof ) Sofd af]8 { gf) [c
\)] b'O{
sf ;;fgf u
x'ofP lgwf{lt l5b|df k;fnL 3sf]7fdf v]lng] v]ndf k|o'St tVtf jf af]8{ . SofL gf) [;+
s]bf] != ;;fgf af]6la?jf nufpg nfDrf] 8f
jf vfN8f] kfL agfOPsf] vnf] . @= au}r F fs
f af6fsf b'j}lt k"mnsf] la?jf jf 3fL nufOPsf] To:tf] nfDrf] 7fpF . Sof] lgkf) z
\sf, ;
+zo cflb a'emfpg jfSosf] k5fl8 k|o'Qm x'g] cJoo . (pbf) tkfO{+n] eGg'ePsf] s'f] xf
]Og Sof] ) Sofns'n]6 gf) [c
\)] hf]836fp, efuu'0fg ju{d"n, k|ltzt cflbsf] lx;fa t'?
sfNg ;Sg] j}1flgs pks0f u0fs . Sofn]G8 gf) [c\)] jif{elsf dlxgf, ut], jf, 5'Lsf lbg
rf8kj{ cflb c\lst ulPsf], leQfdf e'mG8fOg] 5f]6sL kfqf] leQ]kfqf] .

259

So'lcf]So'lof]lqmofGjoL ug]{ kljt{gsf ultdf s'zn . qmflGt gf) [;+)] != s'g} zf;g, ;Q
l:ylt cflbsf] kljt{gsf lglDt x'g] hgzlStsf] k|of; jf lqmofsnfk ljb|f]x . @= To;L eP
sf] 7"nf] kljt{g jf pN6fkfN6L x]km] cbnfabnL . #= cufl8 nDsg] jf ljho kfpg] lqmof, ul
t jf rfn . sfltf gf) qmflGtsf] efj jf lqmof kljt{g NofOg] sfds'fsf] ultdotf . sfL
|rlnt zf;gJoj:yf, kDkf, ;fdflhs l:ylt cflbdf kljt{g Nofpg rfxg] To; k|sf km]abn ug]{
b|f]xL . ~ d08n gf) k[YjLaf6 b]lvg] ;"o{sf] ultky qmflGtj[Q . jfb gf) eOx]sf] l:yltd
f qmflGt jf cfd"n kljt{g ug]{ fhgLlts l;4fGt . jfbL lj) qmflGt jf cfd"n kljt{gsf] l;
4fGtnfO{ dfGg] jf To;sf] cg'ofoL . ~ j[Q gf) qmflGtd08n . lqms]6 gf) [c\)] bflanfsf
5fF6sf] nLn] ;fgf] annfO{ xfg] /g agfpg k|lt:kwf{ ulg] Ps v]n . lqmd gf) [c\)] != cg
'xfsf] 5fnf d'nfod kfg]{ jf d'v l;Fufg{ k|of]u ulg] s]xL hd]sf] n]bf] z[\uf;fdfg . @
= b"w jf bxLaf6 lemlsg] tfultnf] ;fe"t j:t' dvg gf}gL . lqmof gf) [;+)] != s'g} klg
sfd eOxgfsf] cj:yf jf efj . @= tgdg jrgn] ulg] jf lgTo x'g] s'g} klg sfo{ jf sd{ (
b}lgs lqmof, k|ftM lqmof O)) . #= s'g} klg sfd ug]{ r]i6f, 9\u jf ljlw (n]vglqmof
, zf]wglqmof O)) k|oTg . $= s'g} klg If]qsf k cyjf tLl;t ;DalGwt lgodcg';f x'g] sfd
(Jofjxfls lqmof, zNolqmof O)) . %= Jofs0fdf sfo{Jofkf hgfpg] jf s'g} sfo{, 36gf cf
lb x'g ' ulg'sf] jfrs zAb . ^= d[tssf] cGTo]li6 sd{ lslof . ~ sd{ gf) d[tssf] cGTo]li
6 sd{ sfhlslof . snfk gf) s' g } If] q jf ;dodf x' g ] sfdsf] ultljlw . ~ vr{ gf) sf
slofdf nfu]sf] vr{ sfhlslofsf nflu ;sfL tx jf cGoq st}af6 lbOg] To:tf] vr{ . rt'
z[\uf ;sf] cfnDag ag]sf], cg]s sf}zn jf 5n5fdaf6} sfd k6fpg] gfos . lj) @= sfddf l;k
fn' sfo{bIf . lqmofTds lj) [;+)] != sf]f l;4fGtnfO{ sfo{kdf jf Jojxfdf kl0ft ulPsf]
df pko'St x'g] Jofjxfls . @= lqmof jf sfo{sf kdf cfPsf] jf ulPsf] . tf gf) lqmofTds
'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . lqmofGjog gf) [;+)] s'g} l;4fGt jf lgodnfO{ Jojxfdf Nofpg] j
f k|of]u ug]{ sfd . lqmofGjoL lj) [;+)] != lqmofdf clGjt x'g] jf lqmofl;t ljz]if
;Da4 (ptf, l56f], u], k9L, v]Ng O)) . gf) @=

So'lcf]So'lof] gf) [c\) So'lcf]] != s'g} b]zsf] lghTj emNsfpg] d"lt{, d'b|f, sk8f jf
:t} ;f+:s[lts dxjsf j:t' laqmL ulg] k;n . @= To:tf ;f+:s[lts dxjsf j:t' flvg] 7fpF .
qms'R5Gb gf) [;+)] eb| gfds sNksf kfFr a'4dWo] Zn]idfGts jgdf tk:of ug]{ egL k|l
;4 Ps k|frLg dfgj a'4 . qmt' gf) [;+)] s'g} kj{ jf cGo lbgdf ulg] wfld{s sfo{ xjg o1
. qmGbg gf) [;+)] != b'Mvk"0f{ lrRRofx6 ljnfk ?jfO . @= o'4sf lglDt ulPsf] cfXjfg xfF
s . qmd gf) [;+)] != aLrdf gf]lsO{ rNb} cfpg] k|lqmof l;nl;nf d]nf] . @= ?n lgod . #=
kfOnf] rnfO sbd km8\sf] . a4 lj) l;nl;nf ldnfOPsf] . a4tf gf) qmd ldn]sf] cj:yf jf
kg . ljxLg lj) qmd gePsf] . zM cJo) != kfn}kfnf] u] qmd}l;t f]n};Fu . @= la:tf
u] . ~ ;\Vof gf) gfd, ljifo cflbsf] qmd b]vfpg Pskl5 csf]{ kfn}l;t flvPsf] c\s jf ;
f l;nl;n]jf gDa . > qmdfut lj) != qmd}l;t jf kfn}kfnf] uL cfPsf] qmddf cfPsf] . @= lk
fk'vf{sf kfnfb]lv rlncfPsf] kDkfut . qmdf\s gf) != qmd;\Vof l;nl;n]jf gDa . @= kL
lh:6df btf{ ePsf] gDa f]n gDa . qmdf\sg gf) != s'g} ljifonfO{ qmd jf l;nl;nfcg';f
afFWg] sfd . @= sfof{no cflbsf] lh:6df csfflb qmd ldnfO{ jf gldnfO{ s'g} ljifo jf
s'f] ;\Vof lbP n]Vg] sfd . qmdfg';f cJo) qmdd'tflas f]nadf]lhd qmdzM . qmlds lj) !
Fu jf kfn}l;t cfPsf] qmdfut . @= l;nl;nf ldn]sf] qmd ePsf] . #= la:tfla:tf cln cln .
o gf) [;+)] gub Jojxf uL s'g} dfn;fdfg lnP cfgf] clwsfdf kfg]{ sfd lsGg] sfd vlb .
o gf) != vlblaqmL lsga]r . @= xflggf]S;fgL dsf{ . zlSt gf) != cTofjZos pkef]Uo kbfy{
lsGg] Ifdtf jf ;fdYo{ . @= cy{zf:qdf hgtfsf] cfly{s :tsf] dfkg ubf{ k|of]u x'g] z
Ab . qmfO:6 gf) [c\)] O;fO{ wd{sf k|jt{s Ps k|l;4 dxfTdf O;f . qmfpg gf) [c\)] aL; OG
r nfdf] kGw| OGr rf}8f ePsf] sfutsf] gfkf] . qmfGt lj) [;+)] != cfgf] ;Ldf jf dof{
bf kf u]sf] gf3]sf] jf uO;s]sf] . @= cfqmd0f ulPsf] lylrPsf] . bzL{ lj) != ljnIf0f
4 ePsf] ;j{1 . @= o'ufg's"n Jojxf

lqmofkbSnfGt lqmofof]uLsf b'O{ e]b (lqmofljz]if0f lqmofGjoL) dflgPsf dWo] Ps . lq

mofkb gf) [;+)] lqmofsf] jfrs jf sfo{Jofkfsf kdf k|oQ ' m x'g] jfSodf s]Gb|Lo laGb'
sf kdf xg] lqmofkflot kb jf zAb vf; uL jfSo k"f ug]{ ;dflksf lqmof (hfG5', hfG5f}F, a
5, a:5g\, x]of], x]], n]Vnf, n]v]5 O)) . lqmofk'qL gf) [;+)] d[tssf gfpFdf t]x|f}F
lbg;Dd ug'{kg]{ lk08kfgL cflb cf}Wj{b]lxs sfo{ ug]{ JolQm lslof a:g] 5f]f], 5f]f];x d
flgPsf] j+zh jf cGo s'g} JolQm . { g]{ lqmoflabf gf) [lqmof labf] d[tssf] sfhlslof cf
km}F ug'k sd{rfLn] ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf sfof{noaf6 kGw| lbg;Dd kfpg] labf . lqmofof]u
L gf) [;+)] ;dfks jf c;dfks lqmof;Fu ;fIfft\ ;DaGw fVg] zAb (lqmofljz]if0f lqmofGj
oL) . lqmoft gf) [;+)] s'g} klg sfddf nfu]sf] sfo{;n + Ug pBdL . lqmofljz]if0f gf) [;
+)] lqmofsf] ljz]iftf u'0f a'emfpg] To;sf k|sf, k, :yfg cflbsf] af]w ufpg] cJoo zAb
(ldld, gSs, ;n;n, fd|L O)) . lqm:tfg lj) [c\) lv|lZrog] O;f jf O;fO{ wd{sf] cg'ofoL
O{ . qmL8g gf) [;+)] qmL8f ug]{ jf v]Ng] sfd v]naf8 . > qmL8gs gf) != v]naf8sf ;fdf
g v]nf}gf . @= v]n tdf;f . qmL8f gf) [;+)] != dg axnfpg jf ;do sf6\gsf lglDt ulg] s'
g} klg dgf]~hs sfds'f v]n v]naf8 cfdf]bk|df]b dgaxnfp . @= ;Def]u :qLk'?ifsf aLr k:
fLls ;DaGwn] cfgGb lnOg] sfo{ d}y'g . ~ sfgg gf) dgf]ljgf]b, v]naf8 cflb ug]{ 7fpF j
f au}Frf k|df]bjg cfgGbjg . ~ u[x gf) k|d ] Lk|l] dsfn] cfdf]bk|df]b ug]{ ejg ltqmL8f
ug]{ 3 jf sf]7f] v]naf8 ug]{ 3 . ~ :yfg gf) 3aflx jf 3leq v]lng] v]nsf lglDt agfOPs
7fpF \uzfnf \ue"ld . qmLt lj) [;+)] gub lbP s'g} j:t' cfgf] clwsfdf NofOPsf] lsl
f] . > qmLts gf) != lslgPsf] gf]s sdff] . @= lsg]sf] 5f]f] qmLtk'q . qm'4 lj) [;+)]
k|ltsf] dfgl;s cfj]udf pq]sf] qmf]w ePsf] jf qmf]w ug]{ emf]lsPsf] l;fPsf] . qm" lj)
;+)] != cnfO{ ;tfpg], kLdsf{ kfg]{ jf lgd{d sfo{ ug]{, lgi7' lgb{oL b'i6 . @= emf]lSs
] k|j[lQ ePsf] l;fxf . sdf{ lj) qm" :jefj ePsf] h3Go sfd ug]{ lgi7' . u|x lj) H
:qcg';f kfku|x (;"o,{ d\un, zlg, fx', s]t' oL kfFr u|x kfku|xsf ;fy} Pp6} flzdf a;]s
f] a'w klg) . tf gf) qm" k|sl[ t tyf gLr j[lQ
260

x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf b'i6tf . b[s \ lj) != vfa b[li6 ePsf] . gf) @= zlg jf d\unu|x .
qm]6 gf) [c\)] kUn]sf] rfg, cfuf], vfgL, UofF; cflb lg:sg] Hjfnfd'vLsf] d'v . qm]tf
j) [;+)] lsgd]n ug]{ vlb ug]{, lsGg] ufxsL . qm]g gf) [c\)] ux|f}F 7"n7"nf kmnfd] bl
g, nf, kfOk cflbnfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 p7fP jf Rofk] hl8g] 7fpFdf fVg] eLdsfo oflGqs ;fwg .
qmf]8 gf) [;+)] != cfln\ug ug]{ d'b|fsf b'O{ xftsf dfemsf] efu e'hfGt . @= jIf:yn 5f
tL, sf]v . ~ kq gf) kq klqsfsf aLrdf 3';fOg] ;d;fdlos dxjsf ljifo 5flkPsf cnu kfgf y
k'jf c+z cltlSt kf7;fdu|L . qmf]w gf) [;+)] != s'g} cg'lrt xflgsfs jf dg gkg]{ sfds
ePsf] b]v] dgdf pAhg] pu| tyf tLI0f cfj]u l; f]if . @= Hof]ltifzf:qsf ;f7L ;+jT;dWo]
gfG;f7Lof}F Ps ;+jT; . #= ;flxTodf f}b| ;sf] :yfoL efj . > qmf]wfuf gf) l;fPsf a]nfdf
u'Ty k] a:g] 3 sf]kejg . qmf]wL lj) != qmf]w ePsf] jf qmf]w ug]{ qm'4 l;fxf . @= ;f
f s'fxdf klg l56} l;fpg] emf]sL em8\Uofxf . qmf]g gf) [ < ] l:j8]g, gj]{, 8]gdfs{ c
]zsf d'b|fsf] gfd . qmf]gf]ld6 gf) [c\)] a]nfotsf] u|LgjLr eGg] 7fpFdf ;do ;"lrt ug
]{ 38Lh:tf] k|l;4 oGq . qmf]df]cf]F gf) [c\)] k|fu}ltxfl;s qmf]d]cf]F dfgjn] k|of]
u u]sf] pks0f . ~ dfgj gf) k|mfG;sf] qmf]d]cf]F gfds :yfgdf kfOPsf] dfgj cf]g]s dfgjs
f] pkhflt . qmf]z gf) [;+)] != sfpg] sfd rLTsf f]bg . @= ;o wg' jf k}t F L; ;o aL; uh
f] b"L sf]; . #= ;x;|b08afa jf wg'ifsf] xhf u'gfafasf] gfkf] . qmf}~r gf) [;+)] !=
. @= lxdfnosf] 6fs'f] . Gw| gf) lxdfnL u'kmf . So|f gf) [c\)] ;fOsn, df]6 ;fOsn c
fxgsf] hlGh c8\lsg] bfFtLbf rSsf . Sna gf) [c\)] != cfdf]bk|df]b jf dgf]~hgsf lglDt k
|foM ;dfg :tsf dflg;sf] hd36 x'g] :yfg To:t} clek|fosf lglDt vf]lnPsf] ;fj{hlgs ;+
:yf . @= xf]6]n jf qmL8fu[xdf dg axnfpg hDdf x'g] dflg;sf] hdft . #= Ps lsl;dsf]
f]bL3 . Sns{ gf) [c\)] sfof{no jf ;+:yfxdf sfd ug]{ lgDgj}tlgs sd{rfL x]) sflGbf .
t lj) [;+)] != yfs]sf] ylst >fGt . @= cf]OnfPsf] d'vd'bf | IfL0f ePsf] . > SnflGt gf)
SnfGt x'gfsf] cj:yf

261

Snf;If0f lsrfOdf k] s's' ?g]sfpg] lsl;d . @= b'Vg] uL huN6f e'TNofpg] rfn . Sjf6 g
Sjf6{] != rt'yf{+z rf}yfO . @= 5kfOsf lglDt cIf ldnfpFbf sDkf]h ePsf k[i7sf] vfnL 7
fpFdf elg] l;;fsf ;;fgf l9sf jf 6'qmf Sjf8 . Sjf8 gf) [c\)] x]) Sjf6 . Sjfy gf) [;+)]
!= sfi7flb cf}ifwL kfgLdf w]} a] ksfP lemlsPsf] afSnf] ; sfF8f . @= ;'?jf . SjfkSjfk
qm) lj) [c) d") Sjfk\ c (l))] 8Nnf] vfg]s ' f] wdfwd d'vdf xfNg] lsl;dn] . > SjfkSjf
ktLSjfkSjfkL lqm) lj) 8Nnf] vfg]s ' f] l56f]l56f] d'vdf xfNg] lsl;d;Fu . SjfKk lqm)
lj) [c) d") Sjfk\ k] 8Nnf] vfg]s'f] Ps} aflh d'vdf xfNg] lsl;dn] . SjfSjf lqm) lj) [c)
d") Sjf\ c (l))] Ps6sn] x]g,{] rfFrfF8f] sf]g{] jf ;fx|f] vfg]s ' f rkfpFbf cfjfh cf
pg] uL . > SjfSjftLSjfSjfL lqm) lj) ltg} sfd cem l56f] ug]{ lsl;dn] . Sjf{ lqm) lj
") Sjf\ ] != wsf]{ tfg] sf]g]{ jf s'g} tLvf] j:t'ff cfkm}F sf]lg] lsl;dn] . @= sLfk
flb sfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;d;Fu . SjfnSjfn lqm) lj) [c) d") Sjfn\ c (l))] nuftf k]6 sf
g] jf kfgL aUg] lsl;dn] . > SjfnSjfntL SjfnSjfnL lqm) lj) Psgf;n] k]6 sfpg] jf kfgL
aUg] uL . SjfNn lqm) lj) [c) d") Sjfn\ n] Ps} aflh 7"nf] :jn] k]6 sfpg] jf kfgL aUg]
lsl;d;Fu . lSjh gf) [c\)] ;fdfGo1fgsf] hfFr, a'l4 hfFRgsf lglDt k|Zgx ;f]lwg] k|lto
f]lutf xflh/hjfkm . lSjG6n gf) [c\ ) ] ;o lsnf] u | f dsf] tf} n (k' fgf] lx;facg';
f b'O{ dg ;f9] ;QfO; ;]) . If b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfdf k~rfzt j0f{dft[sfdf :jtGq cl:tTj kl
g dflgPsf], s07 d"4f{:yfgaf6 pRrf0f x'g] s if sf] ;+o'Qm k jf ;f] ksf] ;+o'Qm Jo
(;+oQ ' mfIf) n]Vo kdf ;f] ;+oQ ' m Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . Ifls0f g
) [;+)] zL jf s'g} 7f]; j:t'sf leqL efusf] lrq ptflg] ljls0f k|ljlwsf k|dv ' ljls0f j
f ljB'tw \ ffsf] cb[Zo ls0f PS;] . If0f gf) [;+)] != ;dosf] ;fx|} ;fgf] efu jf yf]} k
ffd l5g . @= Ps d'x"t{sf] afx| efusf] Ps efu (rfkfFr ;]s]G8 jf tL; knf) . #= cfFvf
lemDsfpGh]nsf] ;do lgd]if . $= vfnL ;do cj; df}sf . e\u ' lj) !=

jf efj ysfj6 ysfO . Snf; gf) [c\)] != sIff . @= >]0fL bhf{ ju{ . > Snfl;sn lj) != ;f
odf snfkIfnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg] zf:qLo . @= pRr sf]l6sf ;flxTosf] . lSng gf) [c\)] !
= ;;kmfO ug]{ JolSt . @= a;, 6s cflbdf sfd ug]{ ;fwf0f sfdbf x]) vnf;L . lSnlgs gf) [
)] pkrfsIf . lSnk gf) [c\)] x]) lslnk . lSni6 lj) [;+)] != xDd];L ga'lemg] jf cYof{p
g ufx|f] kg]{ b'x sl7g (lSni6 zAb, lSni6 jfSo, lSni6 z}nL O)) . @= kf nfpg ufx|f] kg
]{ d'l:sn cK7ff] . #= si6 k'ofpg] vfnsf] si6 x'g] Sn]zo'Qm . tf gf) lSni6 x'gfsf]
cj:yf b'xtf . Tj gf) lSni6tf nx] ;f\nL kL cy{ jf efj fd|L gv'Ng] sfJorgfsf] bf
j) [;+)] != ;Gtfg hGdfpg ;Sg] k|hggzlQm IfL0f ePsf] (JolQm) gk'+;s lxh8f . @= cfF6
gePsf] x'tLxff gfdb{ . tfTj gf) k|hggzlQm gx'g] efj k'; + TjxLgtf gk'+;skg . Sn]b
;+)] != kfgL jf o:t} tn kbfy{n] lehfpg] sfd lr;f]kgf cfb|{tf . @= kl;gf . Sn]z gf) [
;+)] != s'g} cf3ft k] jf lrGtfsf sf0fn] dflg; Jofs'n tyf ;GtKt xg] si6k"0f{ dfgl;s l
:ylt cfGtls b'Mv, kL8f jf j]bgf . @= 3Jojxfdf cfk'm;df x'g] snx jf dgf]dflnGo . Snf]
d gf) [;+)] sn]hf] kmf]S;f] . ~ lrq gf) ljB'tLo ljls0fff lnOPsf] kmf]S;f]sf] lrq . ~
jlg gf) 5ftLaf6 ;'Gg ;lsg] kmf]S;f]sf] cfjfh ;f; km]bf{ cfpg] zAb . Sj0f gf) [;+)]
jL0ff, l;tf cflb jfBoGqaf6 lg:sg] >'ltdw' zAb emGsf . Sjyg gf) [;+)] tn j:t' pdfNg] j
esesL kfg]{ sfd . > Sjyfgf\s gf) tfkdfgdf kfgL pdfNg ;Sg] !)) l8u|Lsf] dfk Sjygsf]
lglZrt laGb' . Sjfs lj) [c) d") SjfFs\c] eg]sf] s'f fd|L ga'g] ns a'4" . (pbf)
xl ;DemFb} ;DemFb}g, s:tf] SjfFs x]5) . SjfSjf lqm) lj) [c) d") SjfF (l))] != dfgl;s
j]bgf vKg g;s] jf s;}sf] egfO vfP rsf]{ :jn] ?g] lsl;d . gf) @= 8fFsf] 5f8] f]Psf] cf
jfh . Sjf6L gf) [g]jf) Sjf] s]fp, rgf, d'uL, df;, l;dL, e6df; cflb bfnhftsf u]8fu'8
L 5f;ld; kfL kfgLdf lehfP 6';f lglSnPkl5 ksfPsf] ; ltg} u]8fu'8L jf laf}Fnf . SjfOSj
O lqm) lj) [c) d") SjfOF (l))] != s'6fO jf

Ifl0fsIfL0f l5gedf gfz x'g] cNk ;dod} gi6 x'g] clgTo cl:y . @= If0f;DaGwL If0fsf] c
. Ifl0fs lj) [;+)] != Ps} l5g dfq xg] jf x'g] If0fe
\u' clgTo cl:y . @= If0f;DaGwL
] . tf gf) Ifl0fs x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . > Ifl0fsf gf) afbndf rlDsg] lah'nL ljB't\
. If0fL lj) [;+)] If0fe dfq xg] jf x'g] s]xL l5gsf] Ifl0fs . Ift lj) [;+)] != Iflt jf
xflg ePsf] rf]6 nfu]sf] 3fOt] . @= s'g} efu 6'6s ] f] vl08t (j:t') . gf) #= 3fp rf]6
hvd . h lj) != 3fpaf6 lg:sg] (Ifth Hj) . gf) @= ut jf kLk . of]lg lj) k'?ifl;t ldl;
;s]sL of]lgIft ePsL sf}dfo{ gi6 ePsL . ~ ljIft lj) sxLF clnslt sxLF a];L zLe rf]6k
u]sf] STof]n QmfDd] . Iftf lj) [;+)] of]lg Ift ePsL sf}dfo{ vl08t ePsL (sGof) . Iflt
) [;+)] != s'g} sfd, j:t', ;do cflbdf x'g uPsf] xflg jf gf]S;fgL vlt 3f6f gfz . @=
cf3ft jf rf]6 nfUgfn] ePsf] 3fp rf]6k6s . u|:t lj) lau|s ] f], eTs]sf], gfl;Psf] j
f vlt ePsf] . (pbf) k|wfgdGqL e'Or F fnfn] Ifltu| : t Onfsfsf] lgLIf0f ub} { x' g
' x ' G 5 . ) ~ k"lt{ gf) != s;}sf] s]xL xflggf]S;fgL ePsf] j:t' k"f ullbg] jf gf]S;
fgL efOlbg] sfd . @= Iflt ePsf j:t'sf] ;fdf lbOg] sd jf wg xhf{gf etfn . Ifq gf) [;+
!= fHo fi6 . @= Iflqo hflt jf To; hfltsf JolQm . #= zL . sd{ gf) Iflqon] ug'{kg]{
6 ljd'v gx'g', zq'nfO{ x6fpg', bfg lbg' cflb sfd . wd{ gf) != Iflqon] ug'k { g]{
cWoog, bfg, k|hfkfng, o1 cflb sfd jf wd{ . @= zf}o{ axfb'L . klt gf) s'g} Ifq jf fHo
sf :jfdL fhf . Iflqo gf) [;+)] lxGb"xsf rf hftdWo] Ps hft jf rf j0f{dWo] bf];|f] j0f{
. ~ b]jtf gf) OGb|, od j?0f . IfqL gf) [;+)] != Iflqo 5]qL . IfGtJo lj) [;+)] Ifdf u
g{ of]Uo IfDo . Ifk0fs gf) [;+)] != k|foM gf\uf] x] pkf;gf jf hLjgofkg ug]{ h}g leIf'
jf ;fw' . @= ljqmdflbTosf fh;efdf xg] gjTgdWo] Ps . lj) #= nfh gdfGg] lgn{Hh . Ifd l
j) [;+)] != sfd ug]{ Ifdtf jf of]Uotf ePsf] ;dy{ of]Uo . @= r'k xg] ;xgzLn ;lxi0f' .
gf) #= zlSt an . tf gf) s'g} sfd ug]{ jf s]xL wf0f ug{ ;Sg] zlSt jf ljz]iftf ;fdYo{
fut . Ifdf gf) [;+)] != cn] lbPsf b'Mvsf] ;f6f] km]g]{ ljrf 5f8L To;nfO{ ;xg] dflg;
sf dgsf] efjgf jf j[lQ bf]ifLnfO{ 5fl8lbg] jf cfgf] e"n :jLsf ug]{ To:t} efj dfkmL If
flGt . @= ;lxi0f'tf ;xgzLntf . #= k[YjL wtL{ .
262

k|fy{gfofrgf gf) cfk"mn] lafPsf s'fdf Ifdf jf dfkmL dfUg] sfd . jfg\ lj) dfkmL lbg]
dfzLn . zLn lj) Ifdf ug]{ zfGt jf ;Lwf;fbf k|s[ltsf] . IfDo lj) [;+)] Ifdf ug{ of]U
o dfkm lbg nfos . Ifo gf) [;+)] != k|sl[ tn] g} la:tfla:tf lvOFb} hfg] lqmof jf l:yl
t x|f; 36tL gfz . @= sNksf] cGt k|no . #= fhoIdf 6L) aL) f]u . s lj) Ifo ug]{ g
fn gf) k|nosf] ;do . ltly gf) 6'6s ] f] jf nf]k ePsf] ltly . kIf gf) rGb|dfsf] snf
IfL0f x'Fb} hfg] kIf s[i0fkIf . df; gf) 36Ldf !( jif{ a9Ldf !$! jif{sf] cGtdf b'O{
cf}F;Lleq b'O{ ;\qmflGt kg]{ rfGb|df; (Ifodf; k]sf] ;fndf cufl8 k5fl8 uL b'O{ clws
df; k5{, Ifo x'g] dlxgfsf] klxnf] kIf cl3Nnf] dlxgfdf bf];f | ] kIf kl5Nnf] dlxg
fdf ulgG5) . f]u gf) kmf]S;fdf ljz]if lsl;dsf sL6f0f'n] k|j]z ugf{n] 3fp eO{ la:tf}
f]uL uNb} hfg] k|l;4 f]u fhoIdf 6L) aL) ;'s]gf; fh/f]u . IfoL lj) [;+)] != Ifo x'
'g] . @= Ifof]u nfu]sf] . gf) #= rGb|df s0f gf) gfl;Fb}, uNb} jf lvOFb} hfg] sfd jf
k|lqmof . If gf) [;+)] != tn kbfy{sf] r'xfO, tKsfO jf aufO . @= kfgL afbn . #= zL b
. $= ;a} h8 kbfy{ . lj) %= gfz x'g] gfzjfg\ gZj . If0f gf) [;+)] yf]kfyf]kf x'b F } r
xg ' ,] tlKsg], emg],{ ;fpg] cflb sfd . Iffq lj) [;+)] Iflqosf] Iflqo;DaGwL . IfflG
t gf) [;+)] ;xg ;Sg] Ifdtf ;xgzLntf w}o{ . Iff gf) [;+)] != bfxs, hfs cflb cf}ifwL jf
vlgh kbfy{xsf] e:daf6 f;folgs k|lqmofn] agfOg] g'g . @= ;f]8f . #= ;'xfu . $= g'lg
nf] kbfy{ . %= e:d vfgL . lj) ^= rsf]{ g'lgnf] . &= g'g ePsf] (;d'b) | . s lj) Iff u
]{ jf hnfpg] bfxs sfl:6s . ~ e"ld gf) Iff ldl;Psf] df6f] ePsf] hldg pj{ e"ld . ~ ;d'b
gf) g'lgnf] kfgL ePsf] ;d'b| Ifff]b . Ifff]b gf) [;+)] != g'lgnf] kfgLsf] ;d'b| Iff;
'b| . @= Iffsf] c+z ePsf] s'g} kbfy{ . Iffng gf) [;+)] w'g] jf ;kmf ug]{ sfd (n'uf
efF8f cflb) . lIflt gf) [;+)] != jf;:yfg lgjf;:yfg 3 . @= k[YjL . h gf) != rf}lt k
cfsfz hf]lPh:tf] b]lvg] :yfg jf uf]nf] kllw . @= d\unu|x . #= j[If v . tn gf) [;+)]
n k[YjL . klt gf) fhf . ~ d08n gf) e"d08n k[YjL . lIfk| lqm) lj) [;+)] t'?Gt, tTsfn
| rfF8} . sfL lj) rfF8rfF8} sfd ug]{ l56f] sfd k"f ug]{ . IfL0f lj) [;+)] != lvPsf]
6\t} uPsf] jf cj:yf lau|]sf] .

263

IfL/Iff}/ d'2f ;'Gg] clwsf . @= s'g} vf; If]q;DaGwL sfdsf] clVtof . If]qLo lj) [;+)
If]lqo] != v]tsf] jf v]t;DaGwL v]tdf pAh]sf] . @= v]t ePsf] v]tLjfn . #= If]q;DaGw
L :yfgLo (If]qLo sfof{no, If]qLo lzIfflgb]{zgfno cflb) . ~ sfo{ gf) s'g} sfo{ jf c
g';Gwfg ulg] ljifodf If]qdf uP ulg] sfd . ~ k'l:tsf gf) s'g} tf]lsPsf] If]q jf To; I
f]qleq ePsf hUufhldg cflbsf] tYof\s, ljj0f cflb n]v] fVg] k'l:tsf (lkmN8a's) . ~ k|e
T ' jjfb gf) 7"nf] zlQmsf] cf8df xL jlklsf If]qnfO{ x8k] jf jzdf kf] cfgf] k|eT ' j
ug{ rfxg] fhgLlts sfo{, ljrf jf l;4fGt . ~ ljsf; gf) If]qljz]ifdf x'g] jf ulg] ljsf
; . ~ ljt0f gf) s'g} lglZrt If]qsf cfwfdf ulg] jf sf]6fcg';f x'g] ljt0f (sd, cGg, ;x
ot cflb) . If]qf]kjf; gf) [;+)] lslofk'qLn] s]ff k;]sf lbg ulg] pkjf; 5]qjf; . If]ks
j) [;+)] != ofFSg] jf ldNsfpg] . @= x'ofpg] pNemg] . #= gfp lvofpg] s0f{wf . gf) $= k
':ts cflbdf u|Gysfn] n]v]afx]s kl5 cn] yk]sf] jf ldnfPsf] c+z yk'jf efu ykgL . If]k0
f gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' ofFSg] jf ldNsfpg] sfd x'ofO pNemfO (c:t'If]k0f) @= ;do u'hf
g]{ sfd a]nfs6gL (sfnIf]k0f cflb) . If]k0fL gf) [;+)] != ofFs ] rnfOg] c:q . @= 8'u \
f lvofOg] bflanf]h:tf] nfdf] sf7 jf 8fF8f axgf . #= df5f dfg]{ hfn . If]Ko lj) [;
+)] ofFSg of]Uo ldNsfpg nfos . > If]Kof:q gf) 6f9}af6 x'ofP lxsf{Og] jf k|of]u ulg] l
z]if c:q jf xltof /s]6 . If]d gf) [;+)] != ;Gr;'la:tf s'znd\un . @= cfgGb ;'v . #= I
'Iff . $= d'lSt . s'zn gf) cfgGb d\un lgsfgGb enfs';fL . Iff]e gf) [;+)] != s'g}
gs s'f] jf Jojxf b]v] s;}k|lt dgdf p7\g] Jofs'ntf;lxtsf] l; jf qmf]w . @= dgsf] xnrn
vnanL c;Gtf]if . #= 8 eo sFksFkfO . Iff]es lj) [;+)] Iff]e k}bf ufpg] If'Aw kfg]{ .
]ed08n gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] wftnb]lv 7Ls dflyNnf] jfo'd08nsf] tx . Iff]eL lj) [;+)] !
= l; c;Gtf]if ePsf] If'Aw . @= Jofs'n ljXjn . Iff} gf) [;+)] 5'fn] s]z sf6\g] jf sk
vf}g] sfd d'08g . sd{ gf) 5'f nfP s]z sf6\g] ljlw jf sfd d'08g ulg] sfo{ .

@= b'Anf] kftnf] lgwf]{ . sfo lj) b'Anf] jf kftnf] zLsf] . tf gf) IfL0f x'gfsf] c
jf efj b'a{ntf lgwf]k { g. IfL gf) [;+)] != b"w . @= vL . #= hn kfgL . $= vsf] b"wh:
;]tf] rf]a . lw gf) b"wh:tf] kmLFh p7\g] kfgL ePsf] ;d'b| . ~ ;fu gf) b"wsf] ;d'b|
jf b'Uw;d'b| klg elgg], ;ft ;d'b|dWo] Ps . If'00f lj) [;+)] != 6'qmf kflPsf] jf 6'
So | fOPsf] . @= 6'6k'm6 ePsf] jf lau|]sf] vl08t . #= v'FlbPsf] . $= fd|L ljrf ulPsf]
. If'b | lj) [;+)] != gLr jf cwd k|jl[ Qsf] t'R5 ljrfsf] hfaf] . @= cNk ;fgf] . #= b
lb| lgw{g . $= s[k0f sGh'; . 3l06sf gf) cfe"if0fsf kdf klxlg] ;;fgf 306L rfFk 3'F
gf) If'b| x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf gLr JolQmdf xg] cju'0f gLrtf t'R5tf . ~ wfGo gf) sf]bf
] s'cGg . If'wf gf) [;+)] != vfg] OR5f ef]s 5'2] . @= s'g} s'f kfpg] rfxgf t[i0ff . >
If'wft' lj) ;fx|} ef]sfPsf] ef]sn] cflQPsf] jf 56k6fPsf] . If'lwt lj) ;fx|} ef]sfPsf
] ef]sf] . If'Aw lj) [;+)] != s'g} sf0f jf s'fn] l;fPsf] Iff]e ePsf] qm'4 . @= cwL
#= ljXjn Jofs'n lbUbf . If' gf) [;+)] != skfn sf6\g] xltof 5'f . @= kz'sf] v' . I
[;+)] != afnL f]lkg] hUufhldg v]t e"ld kmfF6 d}bfg . @= pTklQ:yfg . #= k'0otLy{ wfd (
'?If]q, jfxIf]q, d'lQmIf]q O)) kfFr 1fg]lGb|o, kfFr sd]l{ Gb|o cflbn] o'St zL . $= j
Lo{sf] :yfkgf uL ;Gtfg pTkGg ug]{ kdf kTgL jf :qL sf]v . %= fhgLlts, ;fdflhs, ;flxlT
os, ef}uf]lns cflb ljrfn] jf To:tf] s'g} sfdljz]ifsf lglDt lgwf{lt :yn . ^= k'ftfljs
j:t' k|fKt ug]{ p2]Zon] pTvgg jf cGj]if0f ulg] 7fpF . &= g]kfnsf kfFr v08df ljef
lht ljsf;If]q (k"jf{~rn ljsf;If]q, dWodf~rn ljsf;If]q, klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]q, dWo
klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]q ;'b" klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]q) . 1 gf) != If]q jf zLsf] clwi7ftf hL
df kdfTdf . @= ls;fg v]tLjfn . #= zLzf:qsf lj1ftf . klt gf) hldgsf] dflns hUufwgL
gf) != v]tdf nufPsf] afnL s'g{] JolQm . @= :yfgflwklt b]jtf (klZrd lbzfsf e}j fkfn)
e"d] . kmn gf) s'g} hldgsf] ndfO rf}8fOsf] u'0ffaf6 lgSng] juf{Tds c\s jf kldf0f .
ldlt gf) ]vfxsf] ndfO, wftnsf] If]qkmn 7f]; j:t'sf] 3gkmn lgsfNg] lgodljj0f ePsf] ul
ftsf] Ps zfvf . ;GGof; gf) s'g} If]qsf] ;Ldf sf6] aflxkm] ghfg] j|t jf ;\sNk . > If]
flwsf gf) != s'g} ljz]if If]qsf] jf ljz]if lsl;dsf]

vvuf]n
264

v
!= b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] bf];|f] j0f{ s07:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g], :kzL{,
c3f]if, dxfk|f0f Wjlg sju{sf] bf];f | ] j0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj u
g]{ lnlklrXg v/fof] v . @= s'g} j:t', ljifo jf s'/fsf] juL{s/0f of d"Nof\sg ubf{ b
f];|f] jf dWod >]0fLnfO{ 5'fO{ lrgfpg k|of]u ul/g] >]0fLaf]ws cIf/;\s]t n]vfOsf qmdd
f ljifoj:t'sf] juL{s/0f jf ljefhg pkljefhgsf lglDt Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|of]u ul/Fbf lbO
g] qmdaf]ws bf];|f] lrXg . v@ gf) [g]jf vM] lgZro kSsf lgwf] . (pbf) klxn] cfk"mcfk"
md} v eO;s]kl5 dfq of] sfd ug'{ a]; x'G5) . vuf\g' ' ;) lqm) [vFuf g'] != kfgL, l3p, t
n cflb gxfnLsg} vfg]s'f] ;'Svf e'6\g' ;'Svf g} kfs ug'{ vfg'{ . @= grflxFbf] vr{ u] e
sf] h]yf l;4fpg' wg;DklQ l;Lv'L kfg'{ . #= tn emfg'{ v;fNg' v'd'ofpg' . $= f]un] z
fg'{ . vuf gf) != ;DklQsf] b'?kof]u uL l;WofP ePsf] ulaL blb|tf . @= f]u nfu] x'g
L0ftf . #= vFufg]{ sfd . > vuffO gf) vFuf kfg]{ jf vFufg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . vu
flg' s) lqm) vFufg]{ sfd ulg' . vufnf] gf) [tf)] dfnfdf pg] xf agfO{ nufOg] Ps k|sf
fFbLsf] uxgf . vrfO gf) [vfFr\cfO] vfFRg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . vhfxf gf) [;+) v~hc
xf] vf]G8f] n
\u8f] v'gL . (pbf) ljhftLo zAb cf];fL g]kfnL efiffnfO{ vFhfxf kfg'{ fd|
xf]Og) . vl8of gf) [;+) v08Oof] 6'6k ] m ' 6]sf efF8fs'8 F f . dl8of gf) 6'6]k'm6]sf
c efF8fs'F8f cflb . vl8of] gf) [;+) v08Oof]] dl;g' slgsf ldofF . v8p ] nL gf) [v0
!= cfwf 6'lqmPsf] jf sfl6Psf] rfdn v;|f slgsf . @= slgsfsf] hfpnf] . v8\u]nL gf) [
<] 9f]sfsf] cufl8klsf] hldg clnGb . v8f}nL gf) [v08of}nL] x]) vF8]pnL . vbfO gf) [
fO] vfFb\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . vbf\g' ;) lqm) [vfFb\ cf g'] tnlt l3;fg'{ jf emfg
fg'{ . > vbffO gf) vFbfg]{ sfd jf efj . vbflg' s) lqm) vFbfg]{ sfd ulg' . vlbnf] l
b \ Onf]] v"a vfFlbPsf] 7f]; uxlsnf] jhgbf . vbj ' f lj) [vfFb \ pjf] leq vf]qmf] g
d|L vfFlbPsf] vFlbnf] 7f]; . ~ aGb's gf) uf]nL, af?b cflb elPsf] aGb's .
v!

vbn ] gf) n]sfnL e]udf d'Vo kn] cfn'sf] v]tL uL hLjglgjf{x ug]{ Ps hflt . vOg gf) !=
vfgsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] cGg . @= lr;f] 9';Ln] ;8\g jf uNg nfu]sf] rLh . vO{ gf) [
k|f) vO < ;+) Iflog\] lkQn, kmnfd, bfFt cflbdf nfUg] s; lvof v'O{ . vp gf) [k|f) vO]
vosf h:t} kft sfF9f x'g] t vosf] h:tf]
gcfpg], tfO{df x'g] Ps hftsf] j[If . vsgvs
) != efL af]Stf To;sf] af]em yfKnfdf dfq gkf];\ egL 8f]sf jf 9fsxdf nufOPsf] sfvLdf
l5fO{ sfFwdf c8fOg] 8f]L jf ;fgf] gfDnf] . @= 3fFu, kfOG6 cflb c8fpg sfFwdf c8\sfOg]
lkmQf . vsf\g' ;) lqm) [vsf g'] vf]s] 3fF6Laf6 ;f; aflx lgsfnL skm lemSg' . vsf! gf
v j0f{ . vsf@ gf) [;+) v6\sf] Zjf;dfu{sf] u|lGyaf6 lg:sg] 3fF6Laf6 VjfSs uL aflx
ng] afSnf] n];fOnf] l;Fufg jf kLkh:tf] kbfy{ . vsffO gf) [ vsf\ (cfO)] vsfg]{ lqmof j
f k|lqmof . [ > ] vsflg' s) lqm) vsfg]{ sfd ulg' . vsfn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) Iffng] kfgLn]
efF8fs'F8f w'g' kvfNg' . > vsfnv's'n lqm) of]) Ps em+d6 kfgLn] efF8fs'F8f kvfNg]
k|lqmof . vsfnfO gf) vsfNg] sfd jf lsl;d . vsflng' s) lqm) wf]Og' kvflng' . vs'G8f]
gf)x]) vuG8f] . vu gf) [;+)] != cfsfzdf p8\g] jf xg] hLj kIfL rf] . @= uGwj{ . #= u|x
gIfq cflb . $= af0f . %= ;"o{ . ^= rGb|df . vu gf) jif{eldf gf} dlxgf lxpFn] 9flsO{
tLg dlxgf dfq lxpF kUn] vfnL x'g] 7fpF lxdfn ;dtn e"ldsf dfemsf] k|b]z . vuG8f] gf
) 8f]sf], 9fs cflb af]Sbf s'ddf nufOg] lvlnf] gfDnf] jf 8f]L vsg vs'08f] . vufd gf) n
fOrf}8fO afaL ePsf] sk8fsf] 6'qmf] . vufnf] gf) [vufn\ cf]] != vufNg' b]lvg] uL kmf6]s
f] n'uf e'mqf]emfd|f] n'uf . @= ufO{uf]?sf 3fF6Ldlg nls{Psf] 5fnf unfd (k) g])) .
vufNg' gf) sfFwdlGtsf] t];f]{ xf8 vufnf] . vu]z gf) [;+)] u?8 . vuf]n gf) [;+)] cfsfz
d08n cGtlIf . ~ ljBf gf)

265

vuf}tLv6 v6 vfnsf] sfd vofsv'q's sfd jf s'f] . @= cK7]f] af6f] jf 7fpF . vhdh gf) [;+
vh\ dr] s'g} ;;fdfg otfsf] ptf x'g] cj:yf c:tJo:t x' g ] l:ylt 5f;ld; uhdf} f] . > v
dlhg' c) lqm) otfsf ptf x'g' d]nf]d; ] f] g} gkfOg] uL ldl;g' 5f;ld; x'g' . vhdHofO g
f) vhdHofpg] sfd jf lsl;d . vhdHofOg' s) lqm) vhdh kflg' . vhdHofpg' k|]) lqm) vhdh
kfg'{ . vhfgf gf) [c) vhfg] != dfn;fdfg flvg] 9's6 ' L eF8f . @= n8fOFsf ;;fdfg xftx
tof . vhfGrL gf) [kmf) vhfgrL] != s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] vhfgf lhDdf lng] clwsfL .
@= sf]iffWoIf . #= sf};L tf];fvfgfsf xflsd . vlht lj) [;+) vlrt] != vrfvr ePsf] elef
p . @= y'Ko|fOPsf] rf nufOPsf] . vh' gf) [;+)] 6'Kkfdf dfq afF;sf 9fFrfsf kft x'g,]
kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] 5f]xfsf h:tf kmn kmNg] :tDeh:tf] 7"nf] sf08 x'g] Ps af]6 vh"
{/ . vh' 6fsf gf) [vh'6fFsf] n'uf l;pFbf wfuf] k'mSg glbgsf lglDt klxn] v'6] l;pg] l;
fO . vh'f gf) dlNnF8f] gfdsf] emfdf kmNg] hLfh:tf] dl;g' Ps k|sfsf] kmn . vh'L gf) [
vh"{L] l3plrgL kL7f] d'5 ] ksfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] rSsfbf ld7fO{ . vh'f] gf) [;+) vh'{]
v'f x'g], sG;'Tnf]h:tf] t cln 7"nf] Ps ljiffn' sLf] . vh" gf) x]) vh'/ . vHof
dHof

of]) [c) d") vHof
\c (l))] s'g} rLh jf s'f] vhdlhg] lsl;dn] vhdh x'g] uL . vHof}L gf
hfof}L] yfsnsf] af]6df kmNg], sfFrf]df xlof tyf kfs]kl5 sfnf bfgf x'g] vfOg] Ps kmn
. v~h lj) [;+)] n
\u8f] vf]G8f] . v~hg gf) [;+)] x]) afx'grL . v6\g' c) lqm) [ v6g
'k { g]{ jf ulg] sfddf ;s];Dd nflukg'{ w]} ldlxg]t ug'{ . @= hLpsf] dfof guL sfd ug'
{ . v6 gf) [;+) vl6sf] != rf8kj{df b]jb]jL af]s] lxF8fOg] sf7sf] l;+xf;g jf vl6of
. @= d'bf{ af]Sg] ofg zjofg . #= 3dlGb agfpFbf 8sdL{, HofdL cflb a;] sfd ug{ agfOg]
sf7, afF; cflbsf] 6fF8 . v6 v6 lqm) of]) [c) d") v6\c (l))] != 9f]sf, sf7 cflbdf 7f
]Sbf jf lxsf{pFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= l3pt]n 58\sFbf zAb lg:sg] lsl;d;Fu . >
v6v6fO gf) v6v6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . v6v6fOg' c) lqm)

cfsfzsf u| x gIfq, cfsfzu\ u f, w" d s] t ' cflbsf ultljlwsf] cWoog tyf ljj]rgf ug
]{ ljBf . vuf}tL gf) [vuf}tf] O{] vuf}tf]sf] n3' k ;fgf] vuf}tf] . vuf}tf] gf) [vfu cf}
f]] u}F8fsf vfusf] tk{0f ulg] kfq vfusf] c3f}{tf] . vUu8vUu' lj) [k|f) vUu"8] v"a af
7f] vlKk; . vUu" lj) x]) vUu' . vu|f; gf) [;+)] rGb| jf ;"o{nfO{ ;Dk"0f{ 9fSg] u|x0
f . v\u|\uv\u|\ lqm) of]) [c) d") v\u|\ u] != s'g} 8nfUbf] j:t' b]v] jf cfkb\
], cflQg] jf 8fpg] lsl;dn] yxL x'g] rfndf v\/\ . @= Psbd hDd} ;'Sg] lsl;dl;t . v\u
lqm) of]) [c) d") v\u | \ (l))] != PSsfl; dflyaf6 tn v:g] jf emg]{ lsl;dn] . @= xf]
;xjf; p8\g] lsl;d;Fu . v\/\ lqm)of])x]) v\u|\ . vf/\g' ;)lqm)x]) vFufg'{ . vr gf
j . (pbf) h;nfO{ vr k]sf] 5 p;}n] g} lg dfU5) . vrdr gf) grflxg] s'fdf ulg] lvrf]nf
r u8a8 . vrfvr lqm) of]) [vr\ vr\] != dflg;x jf s'g} rLh j:t'sf] elefp 6gf6g . @= 7]
. vlrvrfp lqm) of]) [ vrfvr] c6fO{gc6fO{ x'g] uL ePsf] elefp 6df6d vrfvr . vlrt lj
)] != y'Ko|fOPsf], elPsf] jf vfFlbPsf] . @= h8fg ulPsf] hl8Psf] . #= lnlvt jf lrlqt
. vRsg' c) lqm) != v:sg' b'Anfpg' . @= xRsg' bRsg' . #= xtf]T;fx x'g' . > vRsfO gf)
vRsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vRsfOg' s) lqm) vRsg nfOg' v:sfOg' bRsfOg' . vRsfpg' k|])
lqm) vRsg nfpg' v:sfpg' bRsfpg' . vlRsg' c) lqm) vl:sg' blRsg' xlRsg' . vRsf] gf) sfd
]lsg] l:ylt . vRr8vRr gf) [t') vRr] != uwf 3f]8Lsf] ;+of]uaf6 hlGdPsf] kz' . lj) @=
j0f{;
\s l7dfxf l7Ddn . ~ 8fs gf) O) !*^) clk|nb]lv !*^! cS6f]a;Dd kf]GgLPS;k|];sf
|rlnt, vRraf6 x'nfs cf];fk;f ug]{ 8fs . vRofsv'rs ' lqm) of]) [c) d") vRofs\ c (l))]
'g} rLh vhdlhg] 9fFrf jf lsl;dn] . vRofvRof lqm) of]) [c) d") vRof\ c (l))] != tfdbfg,
8f]nL cflb af]s ] l56l56f] lxF8b \ f, af]sfOsf] tfndf cfpg] cfjfhsf] lsl;dn] . @=
vf]G8fxsf] lxF8fOsf] rfndf . vRofv'r ' gf) [c) d") vRof\ c (l))] != ;fgf]ltgf]

v65Kk/v8f; != ofn9f]sf cflbaf6 v6v6 cfjfh lg:sg' . @= l3pt]n cflb s6\sg' . v6v6fpg' ;
) lqm) #= v6v6 kfg'{ 9f]sfdf cf}n F fn] lxsf{pg' . v65Kk gf) [v6 5Kk] kn jf vf6dfly e"
n c8fpg hl8Psf 7f8f t];f{ sf7, 8G8L cflb . v6g gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' v6fP jf c8\sn
] lbg] sfd . @= s;}nfO{ sfddf k7fOg] lgwf] lgo'lQm . #= cx|f6 ] cf1f . ~ vfg' 6') c
sf{n] c8\sn] lbPsf] vfOnfO u] a:g' . k6g gf) s'g} sfddf ulg] lgo'lQm jf To;sf lglDt
ufOkufO ug]{ sfd cx|fpkx|fp . ~ k'hL{ gf) v6fOPsf] a]xf]f hgfOPsf] sfut jf lr7L cfb]
zkq lgo'lQmkq . > v6lgof lj) lgo'lQm u] k7fpg] v6g ug]{ . v6gL gf) v6] ulg] sfd kl
. v6k6 gf) != k:kdf dg gldn] x'g] 7fs7's jf aemf}6f] . @= dgf]dflnGo j}dg:o . > v6k6L
gf) != v6k6 x'g] sfd . @= r6k6L 56k6L . v6k6] lj) v6k6 ug]{ afgL ePsf] a]d]nsf] c;lh
nf] . v6Kjfn gf) [v6 Kjfn] v6 afFWg] cflb sfdsf lglDt 3sf] uff]df flvPsf] jf agfOPsf]
Kjfn . v6fO gf) [ v6\ (cfO)] v6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v6fO gf) v6fpg] efj
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . v6fOg' s) lqm) v6fpg] sfd ulg' cx|fOg' . v6fpg' ;) lqm) [v6gcfpg
] != s;}nfO{ s'g} sfd ug{ cf1f lbg' cx|fpg' . @= s'g} sfd ug{sf lglDt st} k7fpg'
. #= c8\sn] lbg' jf lemSg' . v6fv6 lqm) lj) [v6\cfv6\] hfFu rnfP jf k'mtL{;fy sfd ug]
rfn vfv ;6f;6 . vl6g' c) lqm) [v6\Og'] v6\g] sfd ulg' . vl6of gf) [vf6Oof] != k'
Vg] sfddf k|of]u x'g], v'f ePsf] rfs'g] ;fgf] 6]lan . @= ;fgf] vf6 . vl6f gf) [vl6f]s
f] lt) )] x]) vl6f] . kl6f gf) ;fgfltgf w]} 3fpvl6f . vl6] lj) [vl6f] P] vl6f
vl6f] gf) [;+) Ift] zLdf s'g} lsl;dsf] ljsf k}bf ePdf lg:sg] kmf]sf] . v6'jf lj) [v6
p pjf] v6fPsf] sfd ug]{ cx|f]6 k"f ug]{ sfddf cU3f] v6\g ;Sg] . v6f}nL [lx) v6f]nL] Do
fgf, v6 . v6\sg' c) lqm) [;+) v g'] != gldn]sf] cg'ej x'g' z\sf nfUg' v6\sf] nfUg' .
la;]h { :tf] nfUg' . #= yfldg' f]lsg' . > v6\sfO gf) v6\sg] sfd jf lsl;d . v6\sfpg'
k|) ] lqm) v6\sg nfpg' . v6\lsg' c) lqm) v6\sf] nflug' . v6\sf] gf) v6\sg] sfd cfkb
\ljkb\sf] cfz\sf .
266

vf gf) [c) d") v6\ 6f] != f]Sg] sfd jf s'f] . @= vfFrf] xhf{ . v] gf) [;+) vl08sf] !
8Ldf rfdn e'6]sf] vfg]s'f] . lj) @= v;|f] :jefj 7f8f] ldhf;sf] l7dfxf . ~ wfg gf) n
flDrnf], df]6f], e'm; ePsf], v] agfpgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] lrlgofF hftsf] Ps k|sfsf]
wfg . v} gf) [vf P]] geOgx'g] l:ylt ;fx|} vfFrf] c;fWo} xhf{ . v6fSs lqm) of]) [c) d
s\ s] != sf7, ofn9f]sf cflb 7f]lsFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= PSsfl; 7Ss nfUg] rfndf
. #= Psbd f]lsg] jf v6\sg] lsl;d;Fu . v8 gf) [ v8f] != gjhft lzz'nfO{ nfUg] Ps k|s
fsf] lb;f . @= kxf] 7f8f] eL . v8v8 lqm) of]) [c) d") v8\c (l))] != gla;fO{sg jf nuf
fv8 . @= v6v6 . > v8v8fO gf) v8v8fpg] sfd jf lsl;d . v8v8fOg' c) lqm) v8v8fpg] sfd
ulg' . v8v8fpg' c) lqm) != v8v8 cfjfh cfpg' v6v6fpg' . @= ;) lqm) v8v8 kfg'{ . v8v
l8of gf) Ps lsl;dsf] ;jfLsf] ;fwg . v8a8 gf) != k:kdf ePsf] kmf6f] jf afemf] dgf]dfln
o . @= u8a8 v6k6 . v8f lj) [;+) v8s] != rnxn guL l7
\u plePsf] ;f]emf] plePsf] . @= k|
:t't tof . #= df}h'bf xflh . $= l;h{gf ulPsf] lgld{t . v8fO gf) [v8fcfO] v8f x'g] l
jf k|lqmof . ~ df]n gf) s'g} j:t'sf] dgf]dfgL df]n s'g } s'g} rLhaLrsf] nfut d"No p
lrt d'gfkmfeGbf a9Lsf] df]n . v8fp gf)x]) v/fp . v8fv8L gf) [v8f v8f] != aRr] v]Ng] v
f]kL cflb v]ndf aRrg] dflg;n] pleP aRrg] jf xfGg] lrg' (vf]kL, 3]f], sk O)) . lqm)
lj) @= To:tf] v]ndf pleP aRrg] jf xfGg] 9fF r fn] . #= plePsf] pleo} ga;Lsg} . $
= t'?Gtft'?Gt} plTgv]} . v8f\u gf) [;+) if8\u] ?b|L ubf{ lzjsf 5 c\u tyf ltgsf] k"hfl
lw . > v8f\u] v8f\u ePsf] v8f\u k"hf;lxtsf] . v8fh\uL gf) [v8f h\uL] b'O{ yLsf aLr
s'fdf ePsf] rsf]{ egfeg w"dwfdl;tsf] afemfafem rsf{rsL{ egfj}L . v8fot gf) != k'fgf]
odf z:qhLjL dflgPsf ljz]if lsl;dsf 5]qLxsf ;Gtfg . @= g]kfnsf] ;'b" klZrdL e]usf a
fl;Gbf 5]qLxsf] y . v8f; gf) [;+) if8\;] cldnf]kg gx6]sf] u'lnof] hftsf] kmnsf] ; cl
] u'lnof] ldl;Psf] :jfb .

267

v8f xflhv08fZdf v08 gf) [;+)] != s'g} l;\uf] j:t'sf] efu, 6'qmf, c+z O) . @= s'g} j:
t'sf tx jf vfgfdWo] s'g} Pp6f tx jf vfgf . #= s'g} ejg cflbsf w]} tnfdWo] s'g} Ps
tnf . $= s'g} j:t' jf s'fsf ljleGg cj:yfdWo] s'g} Ps cj:yf sf0f . %= cs:dft\ klcfpg
] s'f ;+of]u . v08s lj) [;+)] != csf{sf] dt jf s'fsf] v08g ug]{ . @= sf6\g] 6'So | fp
g] . v08syf gf) [;+)] Pp6} 36gfsf], Pp6} ljifosf], sfJosf s'g} Ps c+zsf] j0f{g x'
g] Ps sfJoljwf v08sfJo ;\3ft . v08sfJo gf) [;+)] s'g} Ps ljifosf] j0f{g ePsf] ;u{ eP
sf] jf gePsf] k|aGwfTds n3'sfJo . v08vf2] gf) [;+) v08vfB] x]) v08vfB . v08vfB gf)
[;+)] != x'g nfu]sf] s'g} s'f cfsl:ds 36gf jf ;+of]un] ubf{ f]lsg] jf clNemg] cj:
yf afwf c8sfp f]sfj6 c8\sf]k8\sf] sfo{sf0f v08vflt . @= gf) lj) ;+) !^*$ df g]kfnL
fb ul/Psf] Hof]ltif ljifosf] u|Gy . v08 vflt gf) [v08 vflt] cs:dft\ klcfpg] s'f ;+of]
8vfB . v08g gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] dt, l;4fGt jf s'f sf6\g] sfd s'g} a'Fbfsf lj?4df u
lg] cfnf]rgf k|ltjfb . @= 6'So | fpg] sfd sf6\g] sfd . ~ d08g gf) s'g} dt, l;4fGt cf
lbsf] k|ltjfb tyf ;dy{g ts{ lbP s'f] sf6\g] jf ;sfg]{ sfd v08g d08g . v08Gofoflws0f
) [;+)] b'O{ hgf GofofwLzsf] Ohnf; l;\un a]GreGbf dflyNnf] txsf] k'mn a]GreGbf tNn
f] txsf] b'O{ GofofwLz a:g] Ohnf; . v08kfn gf) [;+)] != ;v, lrgL, ld;|L;DaGwL rLha
Lrsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm . @= xn'jfO{ . #= 5f]6L cfsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm . v08k|no gf) [;
+)] dxfk|noeGbf ;fgf] k|no . v08jiff{ gf) [;+)] x]) v08j[li6 . v08jfn lj) [v08 jfn]
v08 ePsf] PseGbf w]} tx jf efu ePsf] v08] . v08j[li6 gf) [;+)] Ps} rf]l6 ;;fgf] :ynd
f dfq k]sf] kfgL Jofks kdf gePsf] jiff{ cf+lzs jiff{ v08jiff{ . v08x gf) [;+)] lau|L
L s]xL cjz]if dfq ar]sf k|frLg :dfssf] ;d"x eUgfjlzi6 k|frLg ejg eUgfjz]if . v08fsf g
f) [;+)] ;+:s[t Jofs0fsf k|lqmofcg';f csfsf] ;lGw ePsf 7fpFdf n]lvg] 8sfsf] lrXg n'Kt
csf () . v08fZdf gf) [;+)] ldl;gff jf 3g cflbsf ;xfotfn] ;fx|f] kTy kmf] ] agfOPsf
gf] 6'qmf f]8f . > v08flZdt

v8f xflh lj) [v8f xflh] cfkm}F xflh ePsf] :jod\ pkl:yt . v8'sf gf) [yf)] jgsf kz'kG5L
fTg yflkg] Ps k|sfsf] vf] . v8]L gf) v]tLkftL ug]{ jiff{ofddf jf kfgL kg'k { g]{ ;do
df kfgL gkL ;'Svf nfu]sf] cj:yf nfdf] ;dob]lv kfgL gk]sf] cj:yf ;'Svf cgfj[li6 . v8\s
n ' L gf) [v6\s'Fnf]O{] ;fgf] v8\s'Fnf] . v8\sn ' f] gf) [;+) if6\s0 ' 8nL] ;fdfGotof
b'Ol{ t s8f nfu]sf], kmfs d'v ePsf], ljz]if u] laxfj|taGw, rf8kj{ cflbdf eft, bfn c
flb ksfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg], tfdf, lkQn cflb wft'sf] 7"nf] efF8f] v8\sf}Fnf] . v8
\sf}Fnf v8\sf}nL gf) [v8\sf}Fnf]v8\sf}FnL] ;fgf7"nf w]} v8\s'Fnf v8\sf}Fnf v8\sf}FnL
f] ;d"x . v8\sf}n ] lj) [v8\sf}FnfP] v8\sf}Fnfsf] v8\sf}Fnf;DaGwL v8\sf}Fnfh:tf] .
~ bx gf) k"hfcfhf u] bxsf 5]p uO{ z'e sfo{sf lglDt v8\sf}n F f cflb dfu]df kfOg] eG
g] ls+jbGtL ePsf] bx . v8\sf}Fnf] gf)x]) v8\s'Fnf] . v8\s]nL gf)x]) v8\u]nL . v8\u
gf) [;+)] != kmnfdaf6 ag]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] 3fts xltof ;f]emf] lsl;dsf] taf . @= u}F8fs
f] gfsdfly p7]sf] l;
h:tf] efu vfu . ~ lg;fgf gf) f0ff zf;gsfndf k|rlnt v8\usf] lrXg;
lxtsf] >L # sf] 5fk b:vt . v8\ufi6s gf) x]) v8\uf:6s . v8\uf:6s gf) [;+) if8i6s] !=
7"nf] emu8f . @= ljjfx ug{ lrgf ldnfpFbf jjw"sf] flzaf6 5}6f}F cf7f}Fdf k]sf] cz'e
of]u Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f jjw"sf] lrgf x]bf{ cfk'm;df ljjfx gh'g]{ u|xflz . v8\uL gf) [
;+)] != u}F8f . @= g]jfsf] Ps hft s;fO{ . lj) #= xftdf v8\u lng] . v8\un ] L gf) 9f
]sf ;fd'Gg] 5]js } f] 6]Sg] hldg vF8u \ n ] L clnGb v8\sn ] L. v8\uf] gf) [;+) v8\u]
Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f hGds'08nLdf dfs]z :yfg cyf{t\ nUgb]lv bf];|f] ;ftf}F :yfgdf kg]
{ flzsf :jfdLsf] ef]u k]sf] ;do jf To:tf] ;dodf k]sf JolQmnfO{ 7"nf] cfklQ cfOkg]{
d0ff;Gg lafdL x'g] cj:yfdf k'ofpF5 egL dflgg] of]u . v8fv'8' gf) != ;fgf]ltgf] emu8f
7's . @= cUnf] xf]rf] eP jf OF69'\ufsf 6'qmf6fqmL 5lP lxF8\g c;lhnf] x'g] vfnsf] hld
g vfN6fv'N6L . lj) #= vfN6fv'N6L k]sf] xf]rf]cUnf] ePsf] .

vl08tfvg\g' lj) != ;8snfO{ kSsL agfpgsf nflu sfnf]kq ug'{eGbf klxn] v08fZdf jf 9'\u
fsf 6'qmf la5fOPsf] . @= f]8f 5flkPsf] u|fe]ln ulPsf] . vl08tf gf) [;+)] != zf:qLo nI
0fsf cfwfdf gflosfsf] Ps e]b . @= k:qL ;+;u{ ug]{ kltsf] cfr0f yfxf kfP l;fPsL gflosf
. v08L gf) x]) vG8L . v08Lo lj) [;+)] v08 x'g] v08 ug{ ;lsg] . ~ j0f{ gf) :jtGq kdf
]sf jf 5'} pRrf0f ug{ ;lsg] j0f{ (:j jf Jo~hg) . v08] lj) x]) vG8] . v08]t lj) [;+)]
08afx]ssf] csf]{ v08sf] . ~ j0f{ gf) v08Lo j0f{;u F ldn] a;]sf :jtGq kdf 5'} pRrf0f x
g g;Sg] j0f{ . (:jsf bL3{tf, pbfQtf, no, tfn cflb v08]t j0f{tj x'g) \ . v08] yfn gf)
x]) vG8] yfn . v08f] gf) x]) vG8f] . vt gf) [;+) Ift] != zLdf nfu]sf rf]6k6s, 3fpvl
6f lgsf] ePkl5 a;]sf] bfu . @= cbfntaf6 s'g} cleof]udf 7x ulPsf] s;" ckfw cbfntsf] k
nfcg';f ;flat ePsf] s;" (pbf) k~rvtdf ;hfo kfPsf JolQm ;dfhaf6 klg alxis[t x'G5g\ .
) . #= bfx|L vf}b F f jf skfn sf6\bf sgl;Lsf f}Fsf] s6fO snd . vtvt lqm) lj) [c) d")
vt\ c (l))] != n]bf] kbfy{ ksfpFbf 58\sg jf kmTsg yfn]kl5 cfjfh cfpg] lsl;d . @= ;f
gf] d'v ePsf efF8faf6 bxL cflb afSnf] n]bf] kbfy{ vGofpFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;d . v
taft gf) [vt aft] cbfntaf6 s'g} cleof]udf 7x ePsf] s;' cbfntff d'2faf6 7xlPsf] afts;
d gf) [c) vTd] != s'g} sfds'fsf] 6'\UofO ;dflKt . @= cGt cflvL . #= gfz nf]k . $= d[
b]xfj;fg d0f . vtgfs lj) [c) vt kmf) gfs] != vtfn] elPsf] jf vtf k}bf ug]{ hf]lvdL
fUbf] . #= s'nIf0fL clgi6sfs . (pbf) vtgfs sfddf clNemof], 6'\uf] nfUg] t lgw} 5}g) .
vtf gf) [c) vt] != ;Defljt ljklQ 8 eo . @= cfz\sf ;Gb]x . vtL gf) [;+) Iflt] != ;
FefNb} klg csfy{df x'g] wg;DklQsf] Joo xflg gf]S;fgL Iflt . @= grflxFbf] vr{ aafbL ck
oo . #= gfz . pktL gf) C0f wg vlt pktL xflg nfe gfkmfgf]S;fg . ktL gf) s;}nf
OHhtdfg s]xL gfv] eGg] sfd OHht
268

cfa? . vt'sL lj) [ vt] s'g} ckfwdf cbfntaf6 ;hfo kfPsf] vtaft nfu]sf] s;"bf bf]ifL
kfwL . vt] \ g' ;) lqm) [vft P\ g'] != s'g} j:t'sf] y'kf | ] nfpg' rf nfpg' s'g} j:
y'kfg'{ . @= ;f]xf]g'{, hDdf ug'{ . > vt]fO gf) vt]g]{ sfd rf nufpg] sfd . vt]lg' c)
qm) ;f]xf]lg' Psq y'lk|g' . vt]fpg' k|) ] lqm) vt]g{ nfpg' . vTsg' c) lqm) [c) d") vt
'] s'g} n]bf] kbfy{ cfufdf ksfpFbf vtvt uL cfjfh cfpg' kmTsg' 58\sg' vtvt u] kfSg' .
vTsfO gf) vTsg] lqmof jf efj . vTsfOg' s) lqm) vTsfpg] sfd ulg' . vTsfpg' k|) ] lqm
) vTsg] kfg'{ vTsg nfpg' . vlTsg' c) lqm) x]) vTsg' . vTSofOg' s) lqm) vlTsg] kflg' 5
\sfOg' . vTSofpg' k|]) lqm) vtvt cfjfh cfpg] uL ksfpg' 58\sfpg' . vlQg' c) lqm) [c) d
") vt\ O g'] != kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ Ps} rf]l6 ;a} kf]lvg' Ps} kN6 w]} dfqfdf vlgg' . @=
w]} hgf Ps} kN6 cfOnfUg' cf]Olg' . > vofO gf) vofpg] k|lqmof jf efj . vofOg' s) lqm
fOg' kf]lvg' . vofpg' ;) lqm) vGofpg' Ps} rf]l6 ;a} kf]Vg] sfd ug'{ vGofpg' w]} lbg'
vqSs lqm) lj) [c) d") vqs\ s] != s'g} j:t' s]xL dflyaf6 tn v:g] jf To;L v:bf cfjfh c
fpg] lsl;dn] . @= s;}n] s'g} sfd lafPdf, s'g} uNtL u]df jf s'g} s'f eGg rfx]h:tf] g
ePdf To:tf] nfrf, nlHht jf lgfz x'g] 9\udf . vqL gf) [;+) Iflqo] != k'fgf] rngcg';f a
x'gsf] cfk"meGbf tNnf] hftsL s]6L;Fu jf 5]qLsf] kfgL rNg] cfgf]eGbf leGg hftsL s]
6L;Fusf] bfDkTo hLjgaf6 k}bf ePsf ;Gtfg ltgLxsf] ju{ . @= j0f{;\s . vofsv'q's lqm) l
) [c) d") vofs\ c (l))] != ;fgf]ltgf] j:t' rnfpFbf jf xNnfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] .
gf) @= ;fgf]ltgf] ;;fdfg dfndQf h]td ] t ] ]. #= ;fgf]ltgf] sfdsfh ;fwf0f sfd . vof
' lqm) lj) [c) d") vq\ > vof\ (l))] x]) vofsv'qs ' . v2 gf) [lx) vL] xftn] sftL,
tfgdf tof kflg] ;"tsf] df]6f] sk8f vfbL vfF8L . vBf]t gf) [;+)] h"gsLL . vg\g' ;) l
;+) vg\] != s'6f], sf]bfnf], sf]bfnL cflb ljleGg cfsfsf kmnfd] xltofn] hldg vf];|g
' . @= afnL nufpgsf nflu v]tafLsf] df6f] cf]N6fOkN6fO ug'{ jf v'sn ' f]

269

vgsvGofpg' l5gsf] ;'v jf pGglt d"tsf] Gofgf] . ~ cf]fnL gf) l5gesf] cjglt cjgltsf] If
fe\u'tf Ps} l5gsf] b'Mv jf cjglt . (pbf) cfk"mnfO{ t s}n] vgLpsfnL, s}n] vgLcf]fnL kf
] ePsf] 5) . vgL vf];|L gf) [vg\ vf];] | s'6f], sf]bfnf] cflb ;fwgn] v]tafL jf hUufh
ldgsf] yfpnf] vGg], vf];g | ] sfd vgvfg vghf]t . vGrf gf) [g]jf)] wft' cflbsf j:t'd
f Kjfn kfg]{ ;fwg klGr ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] ;fdfg . vGr'f] lj) [vGr'jf pf]] != hltv] e]f
f a]nf g s'a]nf r'e'r'e' vfOxg] . @= w]} vfg] vGr'jf . vGr'jf lj) [vfg' pjf] w]} vfg
fjsf] vfOxg vf]Hg] vGr'f] . > vGr'jL w]} vfg] jf vfOxg vf]Hg] :jefjsL (:qL) . vGh
fdaf6 ag]sf] sf6\g] xltof 5'L s6fL . vGhf] lj) [;+) v~h] vf]G8f], n\u8f] . vG8vf2]
. vlG8g' c) lqm) [;+) v08 O g'] 6'qmf6'qmf x'g' v08v08 x'g' 6'lqmg' . vG8fO gf) vlG8
vG8fpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . vG8fOg' s) lqm) v08v08 kflg' 6'So | fOg' . vG8fpg' k|]) lq
vlG8g] kfg'{ 6'S|ofpg' . vG8L gf) [;+) v08 O{] != v08v08 kflPsf] k~rkfnfh:tf] yfn v08]
yfn . @= ;fgf] v08, 6'qmf jf efunfO{ a'emfpg] ;\VofjfrL zAbdf kl5lNt ufFl;g] zAb (
h:t} lqv08L, rf}v08L) . vG8] lj) != v08v08 k]sf] w]} vfgf ePsf] v08;DaGwL . @= s'g} j
t'sf w]} efudWo] Ps efu kfpg] Ps efusf] clwsfL . ~ vG8] yfn gf) [v08] yfn] ljleGg Jo~h
g fVg ldNg] a6'sL cfsfsf ;fgf7"nf vf]lkN6f k]sf] yfn v08L . vG8f] gf) [;+) v08] != v]
t, afL cflbsf] s'g} efu . @= efG5fsf]7fsf] xftfleq eft vfFbf lksf{ fv] a;L vfg ldNg
] uL agfOPsf] ;fgf]ltgf] rf}sf] . vGt] lj) [if6\ cGtLo] ;xf]b efOdf hGdsf qmdn] ;ftf}
Gt]kl5sf] . vGtL gf) [;+) vlgq] hldgdf Kjfn kfg]{ jf ulxf] vfN6f] vGg] 8G8Lh:tf] km
nfdsf] r'Rr] xltof Ps lsl;dsf] un . ~ vnf; lj) ;a} s'f l;l4O;s]sf] s]xL gePsf] 6f6 kN
]sf] . vGofO gf) [ vGofp (cfO)] vGofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vGofOg' ;) lqm
) a];L kf]lvg' vofOg' . vGofpg' ;) lqm) [vlgofpg'] != a];L kf]Vg' vofpg' .

kfg'{ . #= yfxf gkfpg] rfnn] csf{nfO{ b'Mv lbg' jf ;tfpg] k|of; ug'{ . (pbf) p;n]
leqleq} ltd|f] hf]sLnf] vGg nfu]sf] 5) . vgs lj) hUufhldg vGg] vghf]t ug]{ . vgvg l
qm) lj) [c) d") vg\c (l))] != wft'sf ?lkofF jf l;Ssf uGbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . gf
) @= srsr kmtkmt . > vgvgtLvgvgL lqm) lj) wft'sf ?lkofF jf l;Ssf wdfwd uGg] uL . vgv
frf] gf) [v08vfFrf]] cfjZos kg]{ j:t' cfk"m;Fu gePsf] a]nf jf s'g} s'fsf] vfFrf] k]sf
] a]nf ufx|f];fx|f] xhf{ vfFrf] c;bf]{ . vghf]t gf) [vg\hf]t] xnf, sf]bfnf cflb ;fwgn
hUufhldg cfafb ug]{ sfd v]tafL vGg]hf]Tg] sfd vgLvf];|L . vgfO gf) [vg\cfO] vGg] lqm
of jf k|lqmof . > vgfOg' s) lqm) vGg] sfd ufOg' . vgfpg' k|]) lqm) vGg nfpg' vGg] sf
d ufpg' . vgfvg lqm) lj) [c) d") vg\cf (l))] wft'sf ?lkofF jf l;Ssf uGg] lsl;dn] vgvg
tL . vgflt gf) cfgf] kfFr k':tfkl5sf] k'?if ;Gtlt kfFr k':tfsf] gflt hgfltsf] 5f]f] .
vgfof]vlgp gf) s]xL af6'nf 6'Kkflt r'Rr] cfsfsf 7"nf, afSnf kft x'g], km]bdf lnrLhq
kmnsf df6faflx e'mKkf nfUg] df6fleq hfdf ;d]t kmNg], kfs]kl5 u'lnof] :jfbsf] x'g]
Ps lsl;dsf] 8fn] 3fF;sf] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn vGo" xfQLkfOn] . vlgrf gf) [g]jf)] uf
]nfsf 6'Kkf] wflnf] la6 x'g] Ps k|sfsf] l5g' . vlgh lj) [;+)] e"ue{leq x]sf], vfgLaf
lg:sg] jf lgsflng] vfgLdf kfOg] . ~ pTkfbg gf) vfgLaf6 k}bf x'g] jf lg:sg] j:t' .
~ kbfy{ gf) vfgLaf6 lg:sg] j:t' vfgLdf xg] j:t' . ~ kfgL gf) vlgh tjsf] cflwSo ePsf]
kfgL . ~ lj1fg gf) e"ue{df x]sf] vfgL kQf nufpg] vfgLaf6 lg:sg] j:t'sf] ljj]rgf u
g]{ ljBf vlgh;DaGwL lj1fg . ~ ;fwg gf) vfgLaf6 lgsflng] ;fdfg vfgLaf6 lgSng] ;fdu|L
. vlgg' c) lqm) [vg\Og'] != kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ a];L kf]lvg' cfsfzaf6 bs]{ kfgL kg'{
@= s;}n] jf s]xL j:t'n] cf]u6]sf] 7fpF vfnL x'g' llQg' . #= s'g} j:t' Ps} kN6 w]} d
fqf jf ;
\Vofdf j}lg' cfOnfUg' w'lg' . vgL lj) [;+) If0fL] != ;do ldNg] jf kfpg] k'm;
ePsf] . @= yf]} a] dfq xg] Ps} l5gsf] Ifl0fs . gf) of]) #= lglDtsf] cy{ a'emfpg] k'fg
] zAb . ~ psfnL gf) Ps}

vGo"vKk @= lofpg' vfnL kfg'{ . vGo" gf)x]) vlgpF . vk\g' c) lqm) != s'g} s'f w]}
' lbuf] x'g' l6Sg' . @= kmff] x'g' . ;) lqm) #= b'Mvsi6, cfkb\ljkb\ cflb ;xg' a]xf]g'
. vkvk lqm) lj) [c) d") vk\ c (l))] aLrdf, gf]lsO{sg l56\ l 56f] vfg] jf lgNg] uL sks
v' k ' v ' k ' . > vkvktLvkvkL lqm) lj) cem l56f] vkvk vfg] jf lgNg] lsl;dn] . vkl
6g' c) lqm) [vk6f] O g'] vk6fh:tf] kftnf] eP ;'St} hfg' b'Anfpg' b'Anf]kftnf] x'g' . vk
] lj) [vk6f] P] != vk6fh:t} ;'s]sf] b'Anf] kftnf] Vofp6] . @= vk6fsf] jf vk6fn] ag]sf]
vk6f;DaGwL . vk6f] gf) [;+) vk{] != df6fsf] efF8f] k'm6]sf] 6'qmf] vK6f] . @= afF;
cflbsf] kfth:tf] af]qmf] . #= kIfLsf k'mnsf] af]qmf] . $= g]kfnsf] tfO{ If]qdf 3 5
fpg] sfddf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] lemFu6L vk8f . vk6fO gf) [ vkl6 (cfO)] vkl6g] lqmof jf k|
qmof . [ > ] vk6fOg' s) lqm) vk6fh:tf] agfOg' vkl6g nfOg' . vk6fpg' k|) ] lqm) vk6fh:
tf] agfpg' vkl6g] kfg'{ . vk8f gf) != df6fsf] 9'
u \ f | ] agfO{ aLrdf ofs kfL kf]nL a
gfOPsf] 3 5fpg] ;fwg vk/f . @= afF;sf cfFVnfsf] vk6f] . vkt gf) [vk\ct] != laqmLsf l
glDt ahfdf cfPsf dfntfn k"} kdf laSg] sfd ;a} dfnsf] laqmL . @= s'g} j:t' garL k"0f{
kdf x'g] vr{ Joo pkef]u . vk/f gf) x]) vk8f . vk? gf) [;+) vk{] != hf]uL, ;GGof;L cf
bn] 33df uP leIff dfUg] efF8f] leIffkfq . @= gljn cflbsf] vKk . vkof
gf) [vkfof
;'sk ] l5 cfkm}+ k'mlSnP emg]{ va6f . @= tfO{df a9L k|of]u x'g,] df6fsf] 6fonh:tf]
5fpg] ;fwg Ps k|sfsf] 6fon lemFu6L . vkfO! gf) [vfk\cfO] != vfKg] lsl;d, lqmof jf ef
j . vkfO@ gf) [ vk\ (cfO)] vKg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof l6sfO . [ > ] vkfOg' s) lqm) w]
;do;Dd k'ofOg' l6sfOg' . vkfp lj) w]} ;do;Dd vKg] jf l6Sg] l6sfp . vkfpg' k|) ] lqm)
!= w]} ;do;Dd k'ofpg' l6sfpg' . ;) lqm) @= laqmL ug'{ ;dfKt kfg'{ . vkfvk lqm) lj) [v
k\vk\] wdfwd vfg] lsl;dn] skfsk . vlkg' c) lqm) [vk\Og'] lbuf] xf]Og' l6lsg' . vlk;
[c) vaL;] != s'g} sfds'fdf l;kfn' sfo{sz ' n cg' e jL bIf kf] V t vlk; . @= vUu8 v
>
270

vlk;Lvlk:ofO gf) vlk; x'gfsf] rfn kf]Vt x'g] 9fFrf rt'ofOF . vk'jf lj) [vk\pjf] w]
d lxxg] lgs} lbg;Dd l6Sg] vKg] l6sfp . vk}r f] gf) [vk6fP]r F f]] df6fsf efF8f k'm
va6f . vKsg' ;) lqm) [vfk\ s g'] s'g} efF8fn] cGg cflb vfFb] eg'{ vDsg' . > vKsfO gf)
g] sfd jf k|lqmof . vKsfOg' s) lqm) vfFb] eg{ nfOg' vDsfOg' . vKsfpg' k|) ] lqm) vfF
b/ ] eg{ nfpg' vDsfpg' . vlKsg' s) lqm) c6fP;Dd pefOg' vfFb] elg' . vKsL gf) [kmf) vk
uL] s'g} sfd lauf] jf lafPdf ulg] km6\sf 8fF68k]6 xKsL emF6fO . vK6g' ;) lqm) [ v
g} Pp6f j:t'dfly km]l csf]{ j:t' fVg' vftdfly vft nfpg' . @= ykyfk ug'{ yKg' . > vK6
fO gf) vK6g] sfd jf k|lqmof . vK6fOg' s) lqm) vK6g] sfd ulg' . vK6fpg' k|) ] lqm) vK
6g] sfd ufpg' vK6g] kfg'{ . vlK6g' s) lqm) [vK6Og'] s'g} Ps j:t'dfly csf]{ j:t' flvg'
ftdfly vft nfOg' . > vK6fO gf) vlK6g] sfd jf k|lqmof . vK6fOg' s) lqm) vlK6g] sfd ulg
' . vK6fpg' k|) ] lqm) != vlK6g] kfg'{ . ;) lqm) @= Ps j:t'dfly csf]{ j:t' fVg' vK6g
' . vK6'jf lj) [vK6pjf] vK6]sf] Pp6fdfly csf]{ yk]sf] . vK6f] gf)x]) vk6f] . vKt8 gf)
klZrdL g]kfndf ;]tL c~rncGtu{t 8f]6L lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps P]ltxfl;s :yfg jf To;}sf]
n]s . ~ lgufnf] gf) v}f] e'OF{ ePsf] To;dfly sfnf] l5sf{ldsf{ k]sf], df]6f] vfnsf]
t 6'Kkf dl;
\lu|b F } uPsf], k|foM vKt8sf n]slt kfOg] k|l;4 lgufnf] . > vKt8L gf) !=
vKt8sf afl;Gbf vKtL . @= gnL jf snd agfOg] Ps hftsf] lgufnf] vKt8lgufnf] . #= g]kfns
f 5]qLxsf] Ps y . vKt8]nL gf) != g]kfnL efiffsf] 8f]6L 8F8]nw'f If]qdf af]lng] dWo k
lR5df eflifsfnfO{ ;\If]kdf hgfpg] gfpF . lj) @= vKt8l;t ;DalGwt vKt8sf] . vKt gf) x]
) vKt8 . vKk' lqm) lj) [c) d") vk\ k] grkfO{sg Ps} kN6 Psbd lgNg] jf vfg] lsl;dn] .
vKk lqm) lj) nuftf vKk kfg]{ lsl;d;Fu . vKk" gf) x]) vKk' . vKk gf) [;+) vk{] != 6
fsf] dflyNnf] efudf x]sf] xf8 skfn vf]k8L . @= hf]uLxn] leIff dfUg] efF8f] leIffkfq .
#= efUo ls:dt . $= gljn, a]n cflbsf] aflxL ;fx|f] af]qmf] . > vKk? gf) hf]uLsf] leI
ffkfq vKk .

271

vlKk;vs; vdfL! gf) [vDaf cfL] xfQL afFlwg] vDaf cfnfg:tDe . vdfL@ gf) [;+) uDefL]
tf kft, ;]tf] af]qmf], kx]Fnf k"mn kmn x'g], b"w lg:sg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] km
n . vld gf) [c) vdL] ;8fO{unfO{ cldNofPsf] kL7f], v'bf] cflb j:t' . > vldf lj) vld xf
]sf] vld ePsf] . vDsg' ;) lqm) [c) d") vd\ s g'] s'g} elg] j:t' c6fP;Dd pefpg' vfFb]
Ksg' . > vDsfO gf) vDsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vDsfOg' s) lqm) vDsg nfOg' vKsfOg' . vD
sfpg' k|) ] lqm) vDsg] ufpg' vDsg nfpg' vKsfpg' . vlDsg' s) lqm) vfFb] elg' vlKsg'
f gf) [;+) :tDe] != 3, ;Qn, k'n cflbsf] blng, tnf jf 5fgf] yfDg jf ltgnfO{ cf8 lbg
lah'nLsf tf c8fpg kmnfd, sf7, 9nfg cflbaf6 ag]sf] ;f]emf] vfdf] vfFaf] yfd vDef . @
df}nf] . vDafgL gf) [ln)] cUg]nL vnssf] kxf8ju{df kg]{, k"jL{ g]kfndf af]lng] ln
Da" efiffsf ljleGg e]bdWo] Ps k|d'v e]b . vlDa lj) vDafh:t} cl8u l:y uDeL . vDa' gf)
Kt ;Nnfx leqL dtf] . vDef gf)x]) vDaf . vD;g' ;) lqm) != efn]kf]yL hf]lN6g' :qLk|;\u
g'{ d}yg ' ug'{ . @= vFuflg' emg'{ . #= a]kjf{x;Fu cGg eg'{ jf e] lbg' . > vD;fO gf)
D;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vD;fvD;L gf) wdfwd vD;g] sfd . vlD;g' c) lqm) != vFuflg' emg
'{ . @= ldl;g' hf]lN6g' . vD:ofO gf) vD:ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vD:ofOg' ;) lqm) :
qLk|;\u ulg' vlD;g' . vD:ofpg' ;) lqm) vD;g' :qLk|;\u ug'{ . vo gf) [k|f) vO, ;+
f h:tf ;;fgf kft x'g], d~hLsf 5fF6sf ;]tf ;fgf;fgf k"mn k'mNg], v}f] nfdf] sf];f v
}} sf7 x'g] sfF9fbf af]6 jf To;}sf] sf7 ksfP lems]sf] ;fj:t' . v! lj) [;+)] != s8f :j
fjsf] vf] ldhf;sf] . @= fdfo0fsf] syfcg';f fdff dflPsf] Ps fIf; . #= uwf . v@ gf
aflaof]sf h:tf nfdfnfdf l;Gs] kft x'g], 3, uf]7 cflb 5fpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|s
fsf] emf ;flnDdf] (k) g])) . s gf) x]) vs{ . sL gf) v kfn]sf] hUuf v3fL . s
] sdnh:tf] Ps hftsf] k"mn . vs; gf) sf7df vf]n lemSg jf sf7 tf5\gsf lglDt ;f]emf]
lrg' nfpg k|of]u ulg], aLrdf ;fgf] sLnf] uf8]sf] l;sdL{sf] Hofan .

vKk] lj) != 7"nf] jf cUnf] vKk ePsf] . @= xftdf vKk lnPsf] . vlKk; lj) [ vlk;] x]) vl
; . vKk" gf) [ vfk\p] s]xL yk eOx]sfdf km]l yk ykdflysf] yk vfkdflysf] vfk vK6fO .
gf) [ vKKofp (cfO)] vKKofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vKKofOg' s) lqm) vKofpg] sfd
ulg' . vKKofpg' ;) lqm) [vKkcofpg'] s'g} lunf] kbfy{ km6fkm6 vfg' ukmNSofpg' . vKnSs
qm) lj) [c) d") vKns\s] s'g} s'f Pp6} ufF;df vfg] lsl;d jf 9
\udf sKnSs . vKNofO gf) [
vKNofp (cfO)] vKNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vKNofOg' s) lqm) wdfwd vfOg' ukmNSo
fOg' . vKNofpg' ;) lqm) [vKnSsofpg'] s'g} vfB kbfy{ wdfwd vfg' ukmNSofpg' . vKNofSs l
qm) lj) [c) d") vKNofs\s] Ps} ufF;df vfg] lsl;dn] vKnSs . va6f gf) [va6f]sf] lt) )]
x]) va6f] . va6L gf) ;fgf7"nf va6fsf] ;d"x ;fgf7"nf w]} va6f . val6g' c) lqm) [va6
x]) vkl6g' . va6] lj) [va6f] P] x]) vk6] . ~ 6Lsf] gf) ljjfx x'g nfu]sL s]6Ln] nugsf
;dodf ljjflxt cfOdfO{n] tLhsf ;dodf ;f}efUolrXgsf kdf lgwfdf nfpg] sfFrsf] 6Lsf] c
fOdfO{n] lgwfdf nfpg] va6f]h:tf] 7"nf] 6Lsf] . va6] gf) [;+) vk{/] != df6fsf] efF8
fsf] km'6s ] f] 6'qmf] vk6f] . @= cG8fsf] km'6]sf] s8f vf]n jf af]qmf] . va gf) [c)
] ;dfrf xfn j[QfGt ;"rgf hfgsfL . sfutsfuh gf) ;~rfsf] Pp6f dxjk"0f{ dfWodsf k
wf0fnfO{ b]zljb]zsf dxjk"0f{ ;dfrf tfTsflns 36gf cflbsf] hfgsfL lbgsf nflu k|sflzt x'
g] kq ;dfrfkq . vabf gf) [kmf)] s'g} ;Defljt vtfk|lt ;hu ufpFbf gfd|f] af6fdf lxF
]sf] jf gfd|f] sfd ug{ nfu]sf] JolQmnfO{ r]tfjgL lbFbf elgg] zAb ;fjwfg xf]l;of . >
vabfL gf) vabf ufpg] sfd ;r]t ufpg] sfd ;fjwfgL . vakf6L gf) [va kf6L] ;DalGwt
nflu ;"rgf, ;dfrf cflb 6fFl;g] kf6L ;"rgfkf6L . vd08n gf) [;+)] cfsfzsf] uf]n kllwle
q x'g] ;"o{, rGb|, tff cflb u|xgIfqxsf] ;d"x cfsfzd08n Jof]dd08n . vdG8fvdGbf gf) [
mf) Gbf] sf7 tf5] lrNnf] kfg]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] /G8f . vdfO gf) [vf
d\ cfO] vfDg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .

vvhfgfvlb vvhfgf gf) != n8fOFdf k|of]u ulg] uf]nL, af?b cflb ;;fdfg xftxltof vhfg
g, rfFbL, ?lkofFk};f cflb wg;DklQ gub sd . vv! gf) [c) d") v\ c) (l))] != d';f, vfo
n] vf];|Fbf cfpg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= To;L vf];|Fbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . vv@ lqm) l
j) [v'?v'?] s'g} sfd gf]sLsg km6fkm6 ug]{ lsl;dn] v'?v'? . > vvtL lqm) lj) gf]sLsg, w
fwd v'?v'? . vvfO gf) [ vvfp (cfO)] vvfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vvfOg' c)
g' . vvfpg' c) lqm) [vvcfpg'] != d';f, lafnf cflbn] vf];s ]| f] jf sf]s ] f] cfjfh
zAb lg:sg' . @= k};f, cGg cflb wdfwd emg'{ . vvL lqm) lj) [vvO{] x]) vvtL . vv]
n, bfh cflbdf aflx tfGg leq 3';fg{ x'g] uL dfn;fdfg fVg agfOPsf] ;fgf] v08 3f{ . v
f) [(l)) vfFrf]] cfk"mnfO{ rflxPsf] s'g} j:t' cfk"m;Fu gePsf] a]nf s'g} s'fsf] vfFr
f] k]sf] cj:yf xhf{ vgvfFrf] ufx|f; ] fx|f] c;bf]{ . vlvrf]nf gf) [(l)) lvrf]nf] lv
cflb ug]{ sfd ljWgafwf . vv'jfO{ gf) [c) v}/VjfxL] s;}sf] enf] lrtfpg] sfd z'e]R5f d
nsfdgf . vbf gf) [c) vfh kmf) bf] fhkq cg\lst txsf] ltLo >]0fLsf sd{rfLsf] Ps bhf{
d{rfLsf] Ps tx . > vbfL gf) vbfsf] sfd, kb jf cj:yf . va gf) [ ;+ ) va{ ] ;o casf]
!,)),)),)),)),))) . va'hf] gf) [kmf) va'{hf] km;L{sf] h:tf] 8Nnf] cfsfdf xlof ;]tf w
sf{ x'g] sfFqmfsf h:tf laofF nfUg] kfs]kl5 u'lnof] u'bL x'g], k|foM afn'jfk|wfg
e"lddf kmNg] Ps kmn . vdf;f] gf) b}nfsf] aflxkl ;fFrf] nfpgsf lglDt ufl8Psf] kf\u|f]
. vf gf) != v, 3fF; cflbaf6 ag]sf] emfg]{a9fg]{ ;fwg . @= ufO{, 3f]8f cflbsf] hLp dN
g] a'?;df nfu]sf f}F w"nf];d]t emfg]{ a'?;h:t} kmnfd] ;fwg . vfO gf) [ vfp (cfO)]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vfOg' s) lqm) vf] kflg' ;'sfOg' . vfp gf) [;+) sfi7kfb'sf
f cf}Fnfsf] sfkn] dfly p7]sf] ;fgf] sf7 RofKg] uL jf v'fsf kGhfnfO{ 6fo cflbsf lkmQ
fn] c8fpg] uL agfOPsf] sf7sf kmNofssf]
272

tn'jf dfq ePsf] rLh:tf] h'Qf kfb'sf s7kfp v8fp . vfpg' ;) lqm) [vf] cfp g'] != s'g}
] jf 3fddf ;'sfP vf] kfg'{ . @= v"a ttfpg' Hofb} ;'sfpg' . vfp v'] lj) [vfp v'] ] !
fsf aLr efun] g5f]O{ s's'{Rrf cf}Fnfn] dfq hldg 5'g] v'f ePsf] s7kfp ePsf] . gf) @
= To:tf] v'f jf k}tfnf ePsf] dfG5] . vfv lqm) lj) [ vv/] wdfwd vvL v'?v'? . > vf
;L gf]sLsg . vfhvfb gf) [kmf) v}fb] != sf7, wft' cflbsf j:t' ;DDofpg] jf ;kmf ug]{
jz]if . @= sf7, wft' cflbsf j:t'x d]l;gdf r9fO{ ;kmf ug]{ jf lrNnf] kfg]{ sfd . s
n gf) cDvf]f cflb wft'sf efF8f agfpFbf cfsf lbO;s]kl5 wft'sf afFsL x]sf gldNbf rf];f
rf];LnfO{ ;kmf uL lrNnf] 6Nsg] agfpg] sn . vfgL gf) [;+) If0fL] bfpf cflb j:t' aln;s]
kl5 afFsL xg] w"nf] jf Iff kbfy{ e:d vfs . ~ bfgL gf) vfgL xfNg] jf vfgL ofFSg], em
efF8f] 7'6f}f] (P:6]) . > vfg] lj) != vfgL
sf] vfgL;DaGwL . @= a]sDdf 2L . gf)
ag}ofF emf . vfa lj) [c)] != glgsf] rfnsf] sfd gnfUg] ghftL a]sDdf a]7Ls . @= rfnrn
au|]sf] b'h{g b'i6 . #= 5'NofOFkN ' ofOF ug]{ jf s'enf] lrtfpg] xflgsfs clxts . $= ;f
flhs dof{bfsf] k|lts"n jf k|rlnt lgodsfg'gsf] ljkLt (rfnrng, afgLa]xf]f, cfr0f O))
. > vfaL gf) != vfa x'g] sfd jf rfn ghftLkg bf]if, q'l6 cju'0f sdL . @= xflg gf]S;f
vfof] gf) [kmf) vuf]z] d';fsf hftsf], lafnf]hqf], nfdf sfg x'g] plk|mFb} bu'g]{, zfs
fxfL Ps h
\unL k|f0fL rf}38f . vlg' c) lqm) [vf] O g'] != s'g} j:t' cfuf] jf 3fdn] v
\nfh:tf] eP e'l6g' . @= cfsf\Iff a9\g' pTsl07t x'g' . #= ?lvg' ef]s, Kof;n] kLl8t x'
g' . $= wfg, ux'F cflb afnL Hofbf kfs] jf ;'s] emg]{ x'g' . vlb\g' ;) lqm) [vlb g'] c
sf clwsfdf x]sf] s'g} j:t' jf dfn;fdfg d"No lt] cfgf] agfpg' vlb ug'{ lsGg' a];fpg
f) [kmf) vLb] csf{sf] clwsfdf x]sf] s'g} dfn;fdfg d"No lt] cfgf] clwsfdf kfg]{ sfd
sfd a];fpg] sfd lsgd]n . ~ cfb]z gf) ;sfL jf u};sfL sfof{noxdf s'g} dfn;fdfg ahf
sGg jf vlb ug{sf nflu sfof{nok|dv ' ff lbOg] cfb]z . bf lj) dfn;fdfg vlb ug]{ lsGg
s ufxs . bfL gf) vlb ug]{ jf lsGg]sf] sfd vlbbfsf]

273

vlbfOvk{g ef]s, ltvf{, udL{ cflbaf6 x'g] 8fxf . vf]i6Lvf]i7L gf) [;+)] klxn] bflxg]l
afofFlt n]lvg] ulPsf] czf]ssfnLg k|frLg eft]nL Ps lnlk ufGwf lnlk . vf}r f gf) !=
Fsf hftsf] Ps emf . @= To;}sf 8fF7af6 agfOPsf] s"rf] . vs{ gf) [ vs] ufO{a:t'sf] uf]
7 fVg ltgLxnfO{ rfpgsf nflu flvPsf] afFemf] }s hUuf . vs{g' c) lqm) kz'x Ps} 7fp
eP a:g' ayfg ldn] a:g' . > vsf{O gf) vs{g] sfd jf lqmof . vsf{Og' s) lqm) vs{g nfOg'
. vsf{pg' ;) lqm) kz'xnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf kfg'{ ayfg ldnfP fVg' . vls{g ' c) lqm) Ps
7fpFdf hDdf eP jf ayfg ldn] al;g' . vr{ gf) [kmf)] != s'g} sfd jf j:t'sf lglDt lbO
g] jf dfl;g] ?lkofFk};f Joo . @= s'g} sfo{sf lglDt pkof]u ulg] jf k|of]udf NofOg]
gub sd jf lhG;L dfn . vr{g' ;) lqm) [vr{ g'] s'g} sfd jf j:t'sf lglDt gub jf lhG;L vr
{ ug'{ df:g' lsgd]n u] ?lkofFk};f ;Sg' . vr{vftf gf) [vr{ vftf] vr{sf] lx;falstfa n]lv
] jf flvg] 7"nf] sfkL axLvftf . vr{ar{ gf) [vr{ (l))] != s'g} sfd jf j:t'sf lgldQ rf
lxg] gubL jf lhG;L ;fdnt'dn ?lkofFk};f . @= eOkL cfpg] sfddf ulg] ;fdfGo vr{ . vr{L
f) [vs r\ O] != ufO{e}F;L, e]8fafv|f cflbsf] rgsf lgldQ s ltL 5'fP flvPsf] hUuf
df ufO{e; F} L, e]8fafv|f cflb a:t'efp rfpFbf nfUg] b:t' jf ltf] . vrf{O gf) [ vr{ (c
O)] vr{ ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vrf{Og' s) lqm) vr{ ug{ nfOg' . vrf{pg' k|)
] lqm) vr{ ufpg' jf vr{g nfpg' . vrf{n' lj) [vr{cfn'] cfjZostfeGbf a9L ?lkofFk};f cf
lb vr{ ug]{ w]} vr{ ug]{ afgL ePsf] vrL{ . vlr{g ' s) lqm) [vr{ O g'] vr{ ulg' dfl;g'
r{nf] lj) [vr{ Onf]] != rflxg]eGbf a];L vr{ x'g] w]} vr{ x'g] . @= w]} vr{ ug]{ vrf{n'
. vrL{ lj) [vr{ O{] w]} vr{ ug]{ vrf{n' . vh"/ { gf) [;+)] x]) vh'/ . vbf{ gf) [ v
vbf, vlbf . vk{g gf) [g]jf)] != gf]nsf b'j} 5]pdf 8fnfsf cfsfsf efF8f e'mG8fO{ gf]nn
sfFwdf xfnL dfn;fdfg af]Sg] ;fwg (ljz]iftM sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf k|rlnt) . @= To;}
sf] bfofFafofF e'mlG8g] 8fnfh:tf efF8f . > vk{g ] lj) vk{g af]Sg] .

sfd . ~ laqmL gf) lsGg] a]Rg] sfd lsga]r qmoljqmo . vlbfO gf) [ vlb\ (cfO)] vlb\
jf k|lqmof [ > ] vlbfOg' s) lqm) vlb ug{ nfOg' lsgfOg' . vlbfpg' k|]) lqm) lsGg nfpg'
lb ufpg' . vlbf gf) [c) vfhkmf) bf] x]) vbf vbf{ . > vlbfL gf) vbfL vbf{
ulg' lslgg' . vlbL lj) [vlbO{] vlb ulPsf] nfUg] df]n lt] lnOPsf] jf cfgf] kflP
) latf{jfnaf6 lslgPsf] latf{ hUuf . vlof] gf) efF8fs'8 F f agfpFbf ldnfpg] Ps k|sfs
f] xltof . vL! gf) != ;;fgf v;|f kft x'g,] dl;gf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], dLrsf hqf bfgf km
Ng] 8fF7sf] af]qmf ;]tf] x'g] 7"nf] Ps v . @= lgufn]emfFk|fsf] cfsfsf kft x'g], 3f
]8fnfO{ dg kg]{, Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] emf d';]vL . vL@ gf) [;+) v6L] != l;nf]6, w'nf}6f]
flbdf n]Vg] gd hftsf] ;]tf] kTy . @= dfbn, tanf cflbdf d9]sf 5fnfdf uf]nfsf kfL nufO
g] d;nf . ~ uf7 ] lj) != ;Eo ;+;fsf] rfnrng ghfg]sf] (JolQm) c;Eo uFjf kfv] . @= e';
|] . ~ 3;f lj) vL 3;] jf vLn] n]v] PsPs k};fsf] lx;fa ug]{ n]gb]g Jojxfdf ;fgfltgf j
fd'nL s'fsf] klg lx;fa ug]{ . ~ 3;fO gf) vL 3:g] vfnsf] sfd jf rfn PsPs bfdsf] xlx;fa
;fgf]ltgf] s'fsf] klg n]vf]hf]vf] . ~ 3f]6fO gf) vL 3f]6g \ ] sfd n]gb]g Jojxfdf PsPs
k};fsf] lx;fa ug]{ jf ;fgfltgf s'fsf] klg n]vf]hf]vf] ug]{ rfn sl;s;fO . ~ h'sf] g
f) vdf xg] vL
sf] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] h'sf] . vLdL gf) [vLdL, ;+) vl6sd[lQsf] l;nf]6
lbdf n]Vg] ;]tf] gd vfnsf] 9'\uf] vL . vL ;fpnf] lj) [vL;fpFnf], ;+) vl6sZofdn]
bf s]xL a9L uf]f] vfOnfUbf] (dflg;) . v?sL gf) 3f]8fn] dg kfP vfg] lgufn]emfFk|f]h:t
f] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF; . v?sf] gf) [ v/] ;fgf] dl;gf] Ps hftsf] v vL . v?jf! lj) [vf\
fdf a]:sL ttfP vf]sf] z'4 kf]sf] (l3p) . v?jf@ gf) [;+) Iffs] tfO{lt a'lgg] Ps k|s
6f] v;|f] sk8f ftf] jf sn]hL
sf] vfF8L . v]6f] gf) [vP6f]] != dl;gf kft x'g], 8fF
f s'9 F f ug{ s"rfsf] sfd lnOg] Ps hftsf] a'6g ] . @= afF;sf] dl;gf sK6]f jf rf]ofaf
6 ag]sf] s"rf] k'oF6L . vf] lj) [;+) v] != vfPsf] v"a e'l6Psf] jf ;'s]sf] . @= vf]
] s8f :jefjsf] . gf) #= ltvf{ t[i0ff . $=

vofOvndn vofO gf) [vf]ofOF] vf]kg vf] rfn . vofO gf) [ vl (ofO)] vlg] efj,
] vofOg' c) lqm) vlg] kflg' . vofpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) vlg] kfg'{ . vofsv'?s lqm)
d") vofs\c (l))] != ;fgf] 7"nf] vofSssf] cfjfh afaf cfpg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= ePesf]
'L >L;DklQ vofkv'k . vofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") vofs\ s] != sfO{ cflb efF8f sf]bf{ cfj
lsl;d;Fu . @= 9f]sf cflb p3|Fbf jf ;'s]sf j:t'df s'g} j:t'n] 5'Fbf jf rnfpFbf cf
jfh cfpg] rfndf . vofv'? lqm) lj) [c) d") vof\ c (l))] != ksfPsf efF8fs'F8fdf 6fFl;P
:t' v's{Fbf zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] ePesf] 6s6Sofpg] rfndf . gf) @= ePesf] ;a} j:t' vofsv'
?s . vofg gf) [v ofg] v pd|s ] f] jf v x'g] hUuf vafL v3fL . vof}6f] gf) [v o
7"nf] v}f] sf] rf] . vf{ gf) != a:g la5fOg] nfdf] u'Gb|L . lj) @= :ki6 vf] v;|f]
pbf) f]6L lrNnf ld7f, s'f vf{ (v;|f) ld7f . pvfg) . vf]{ lj) [ vf]] rsf]{ :jefjsf]
vn{kvn{k lqm) lj) [c) d") vn{k\c (l))] afaf v:g], vfg], x8Kg] cflb sfd ug]{ lsl;dn] .
vn{Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") vn{k \ k] != s'g} s'f Ps} rf]l6 dflyaf6 tn emg]{ jf v:g] lsl
;d;Fu . @= Ps} rf]l6 k"} vfg] lsl;dn] . #= csf{sf] j:t' jf ;DklQ ;a} x8Kg] rfndf
. vNof{v \ ' L gf) [c) d") vNof{ \ v'L] != Pp6f v'f prfn] csf]{ Ps v'fn] dfq bf}8
s]6Lsf] v]n vNof\v'L . @= n\u8fxn] lxF8b \ f sfvLdlg Rofk] 6]Sg] nf}f] a};fvL . vNo
qm) lj) [c) d") vNof{k \ k] != slQ klg afFsL gfvLsg hDd} vfg] lsl;dn] . @= csf{sf]
hfoh]yf, >L;DklQ ;a} x8Kg] lsl;d;Fu VjfKNofSs . vj{ gf) [;+)] != ;o casf] ;\Vof ;o c
. lj) @= afpGg] afdk'8\s] k'8\s] 5f]6f] . v;'{ gf) k|foM n]slt l;nf] 7fpFdf x'g] Ps
|sfsf] 3fF; jf To;}sf] af]6 . vn! lj) [;+)] != a'l4 gePsf] d"v{ x':;" . @= abdf; b'i6
. gf) #= dd;nf, cf}ifwL cflb s'6g \ ] 9'u \ f jf kmnfdsf] efF8f] . $= vnf] 7fpF .
vn@ gf) != s'g} ljifodf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf w]} JolQmdf x'g]
274

ax; 5nkmn . @= kf:kls ljrfljdz{ff s'g} ljifodf 6'u \ f] nfpg] k|of; . vns gf) [c) v
'g} Pp6f j+zdf hlGdPsf zfvf;Gtfg s'n kljf j+z . > vnsL gf) != gf]srfsxsf] ;d'bfo
@= gf]srfssf lglDt ag]sf] vfgf . lj) #= vnsdf ldn]sf] jf a;]sf] vnssf] . vnSs lqm)
lj) [c) d") nvs\ s] gd kbfy{ grkfO{sg Ps} kN6 k]6df k'ofpg] lsl;dn] . vnvn lqm) lj) [
c) d") vn\ c (l))] != gf]lsO{sg kfgL aUg] lsl;dn] snsn . @= k|z:t kl;gf cfpg] lsl;d;F
u . #= kfgLn] efF8fs'F8f cflb fd|L kvfNg] 5fF6 lems] . $= a]:sL kfgL vofP g'xfpg] lsl
dn] . > vnvntLvnvnL lqm) lj) cem zL3|tfsf ;fy vnvn x'g] lsl;d;Fu . vn\uf gf) [ vns] !
= w]} dflg; a:g] 8]f 6xf] . @= gf]srfs a:g] 3 jf 6xfsf] n
. #= klZrdL g]kfnsf] s0f
rndf kg]{ h'Dnf lhNnfsf] ;b d'sfd . $= uNnL uN5]8f] (k) g])) . vn8L gf) [;+) vNn] l
n
\usf] cl3Nnf] efu 5f]Kg] 5fnf ln
\usf 6'Kkfsf] 5fnf . vngfos gf) [;+)] != gf6s, rnlr
q cflbdf gfossf lj?4 e"ldsf v]Ng] kfq k|ltgfos . @= x'g nfu]sf] s'g} sfd klg cl3
;] efF8\g] JolQm . :qL) vngflosf . vnkq gf) != s;}n] ug{ cfF6]sf] jf ug{ nfu]sf] sf
d kf nfpg g;Sg] b]Vbf jf s]s] g u5'{ eg] ;]vL dfq ubf{ elgg] Jo\UofTds zAb n5fkf6f] .
lj) @= k\uljgfsf] v'OlnPsf] jf rfplPsf] . :qL) vnkqL . vnan gf) [vn an] != s'g} em}em
kbf{ w]} dflg; sfpgfn] ePsf] xNnfvNnf afemfafem u]sf] cfjfh vNofdNof . @= s'g} cGof
ofrfsf ljf]wdf p7]sf] ;fd"lxs cfjfh xf]xNnf . > vnanfO gf) vnan ug]{ jf vnanfpg] sfd
. vnanfOg' c) lqm) dg 8u8u xf]Og' t'na'nfOg' . vnanfpg' c) lqm) dg 8u8u x'g' t'na'n
fpg' . vnalng' c) lqm) != ldn] a;]sf] s'g} s'fsf] tx jf qmd lau|g' u8al8g' . @= vnan
dlRrg' czflGt dlRrg' xNnf x'g' . #= sfdsf] jf j:t'sf] l;nl;nf gldNg' . vnanL gf) v
NofdNof v}nfa}nf xf]xNnf vnan . vnan] lj) vnan ug]{ 7"nf] :jn] w]} af]Ng] xNnf dR
naNofO gf) vnaNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vnaNofOg' s) lqm) vnan ulg' xNnf drfOg' . vn
aNofpg' ;) lqm) != vnan ug'{ xNnf drfpg' . @= tndfly kfg'{ l:ylt jf tx laufg'{ uf]nd
fn kfg'{ . vndn lqm) lj) [;+) sndn] hDd} hLp fd|L g'xfpg]

275

vnnvNn8 u]sf] cGg (wfg, ux'F cflb) . k'mnf] gf) b]jsfo{ jf lkt[sfo{df ck{0f ulPsf gu
bL, lhG;L dfn;fdfg b]jlkt[sfo{df k'f]lxtn] kfpg] ;;fdfg . d}f] gf) vnfdf y'kf]sf] c
p7fO;s]kl5 vnfsf] a9fs'9 F faf6 cfPsf] cGg . vNsfO gf) [ vNsfp (cfO)] vNsfpg] lqmof j
k|lqmof . [ > ] vNsfOg' s) lqm) vNsfpg] sfd ulg' lglng' . vNsfpg' ;) lqm) [vnSscfpg'
gd vfg]s'f] d'vn] grkfO{sg k]6df k'ofpg' lgNg' . vNsf] gf) [;+) Iffns] h"7f] nfUg] c
fgf aGw'afGwjsf] d[To' ;'gk ] l5 ulg] :gfg cfzf}r :gfg . vN6fg gf) [vfN6f] ofg] != vf
v'N6L k]sf] 7fpF jf hUuf . @= f]lkPsf] jf 5lPsf] aLp kof{Kt gpd|g] pa8vfa8 vf] hUuf
. vNtL gf) [kmf) vnLtf] sf]6, sldh, kfOG6 cflbdf sk8fsf] 6'qmf hf]8] s]xL fVg agfOP
sf] 7fpF uf]hL h]a aunL . vNkL gf) [;+) vn] fof], a];f, g'g, t]n cflbdf d'5] s]xL lb
fd jf cfufsf] fkdf fv] cldNofOPsf] sfFqmfsf] crf . vNdf! gf) [g]jf) v}d] tfNrf dfg{sf
lglDt 9f]sfdf hl8Psf] kmnfdsf] d'Gb|f] . vNdf@ gf) kfvf afnL fVg] 7fpF vf]Ndf . vN
ofsv'n'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") vNofs\ c (l))] 3fpvl6fdf hd]sf] ut, kLk cflb Ps} k6s aflx l
:sg] uL ePesf] dn ;fkm x'g] lsl;dn] vNoftv'n'Q vftv'Q . vNofv'L gf) [ vNof{
v'L]
n] csf]{ v'fn] dfq 6]s] bf}8g] Ps k|sfsf] v]n vNof{
v'L . vNof
v'n'
lqm) lj) [c)d")
] != h'7f efF8fs'8 F f kfgLn] vsfn] (;kmf ug]{ lsl;d) vsfnv'sn ' . @= vNof
dNof
vnan .
vNof
aNof
gf) [ vnan] != w]} dflg;n] af]n]sf] c:ki6 cfjfh xNnLvNnL sf]nfxn xf]xNnf
f
. lqm) lj) @= hdftn] g} xf]xNnf ug]{ uL . vNof
dNof
gf) [ vndn] != w]} dflg;n] af]n
] c:ki6 zAb sf]nfxn vNof
aNof
. lqm) lj) @= w]} kfgLn] hDd} hLp leHg] uL (g'xfpg] lsl;
) . lj) #= vnalnPsf] c:tJo:t . vNoftv'nQ ' lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) v'nQ ' ] k]6sf] s
;d; Ps} rf]l6 ;fkm x'g] uL (lb;f nfUg] lsl;d) vNofsv'nS 's. vNn lqm) lj) [c) d") vn\n
Ps} rf]l6 aUg] uL kfgL vGofpg] lsl;dn] . vNn8 lj) xf85fnfdfq afFsL x]sf], Hofb} b'
Anf], Hofb}

rfn vnvnL vndNn . vnn gf) [c)] rNb} cfPsf] rng efF8\g] jf laufg]{ sfd lagafwf ljf]w
ftL gf) [;+) vNncfFtL] cfgdf cfuf] k'mSg xfjf lbg] 5fnfsf] y}nf] . vnf; lj) [c)] != ;
dfKt vtd . @= d]sf] d[t . #= s;d; afFsL gePsf] ;kmf :jR5 . vnf;L gf) != lkkf;xsf]
d{rfL jf bhf{ . @= a;, df]6, hxfh cflbsf] ]vb]v ;;kmfO ug]{ 6xn'jf lSng . #= 7"n7"n
f7 lrg]{ fdf]h:tf] 7"nf] kmnfd] xltof . vlnsk'vlnvk' lj) [;+) vn]skf]t] Ps} kN6 ePes
hDd} hf] ePsf ;a} ePhlt ;Dk"0f{ . vlntf gf) [c) vLt] lr7L vlntfkq . ~ kq gf) Ps fhf
sf{ fhfdxffhfnfO{ k7fOPsf] s' g } aGbf]a:t;DaGwL lr7L . vlnkfvlnkmf lj) [ c) vnLkm ]
!= v' a hfGg] l;kfn' kf]Vt . @= af7f] rnfv . #= w"t{ 56\6' . $= dWosfndf aubfbaf6 O
:nfdhut\ n fO{ zf;g ug] { wdf{lwsfL afbzfx . vlnofg gf) [vnf] ofg] != vnfxsf] ;d"x . @
= vnf] . vlnof] gf) [;+) slnt] sf7, bfpf cflb ldnfP jf rf nfP fv]sf] y'k|f] s'lgpF
nL! gf) [;+)] kLgf . vnL@ gf) [vlnof]] != cult k]sf k|]tfTdfsf] p4fsf lglDt tGqdGqsf
ann] cfuf]df kmfn xfn] wfdLn] ug]{ p4fs lqmof . @= ef]u] kfPsf] cg'ej e'Stef]u . ~
vfg' 6') hLjgdf w]} xG8 vfP kfsf] x'g' ;'vb'Mv ;a} em]ln;Sg' . vnLdL gf) [vL dL] v
lqm) lj) [;+)] != lgZro g} kSsf klg . gf) @= dgfxL lgif]w . vn] lj) [vnf] P] vnfsf] vn
f;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ uf] gf) v]tsf] wfg y'kfg{, r'6\g bfOF ug{ v'sL{, tf5L vnf] agfOg]
7"nf], af6'nf] d'Vo uf] . ~ hftf] gf) vnfsf] sfd ;lsPkl5 v'jfOg] /dfOnf] ef]h jf e
t] . ~ k"hf gf) s[ifsxff vnfdf ulg] e'd] k"hf . ~ efu gf) bdfO{F, sfdL, xnL cflbnfO{
faf6 g} elg] av]{ afnL . vnf] gf) [;+) vn] sf6], l6k] jf pv]n] NoffOPsf 8fF7;lxtsf cG
g y'kfg{, df8\g, r'6g \ jf bfOF ug{ v]tafLsf] s'g} efunfO{ tf5t'5 kf], lnk] ;kmf agf
OPsf] 7fpF . v'nf] gf) vnf]km ' nf] . k'nf] gf) v]tL ulPsf] hUufsf] hf] ePsf] cGg p
7fO;s]kl5 s;}n] l;nf vf]h] hDdf

vNngv;fn\g' a"9f] . ' cflb gk'us ] f] a9L vNng lj) [vNnf] cg] g'g, lhf, e'6g kfgL ylkP
f] a]:jfbsf] vNnf] (ltx'g, tsfL cflb) . vNng] lj) vNng . vNnaNn gf) [ vnan] x]) vnan
vNndNn lqm) lj) [ vndn] hLp leHg] uL kfgL vofP (g'xfpg] lsl;d) . vNn! lj) [vNnf]c]
ng . vNn@ lj) [vfnc] != xf85fnf dfq x]sf] Hofb} b'Anf] . @= a"9f] . #= vNn8 . vNn' g
sfnf u]8f ftfftf laofF x'g] Ps j[If jf r'; ] vfOg] To;}sf] kmn . vNnf] lj) [k|f) vNn
< ;+) :vlnt] g'g jf lrgL cflb sDtL eP :jfb lau|]sf] j]:jfbsf] a9L kfgL eP ;f pq]sf] (
tsfL, lrof O)) . dNnf] vNnf], a]:jfbsf] . > vNNofO gf) vNnf]kgf c:jfb'tf a]:jfb . v
6 lj) [;+)] 6fpsfsf f}F v'OlnPsf] vNjf6] v'On] vf]O] . > vNjf6] lj) vNjf6 . vjfO gf
fO] vfg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . vjf; gf) [c)] zLsf] ;]jf ug]{ gf]s klr . > vjf;] g
lnssf] zfLls 6xn;';f ug]{ gf]s vjf; . vj}of lj) [vf P]of] != vGr'jf w]} vfg] y'k|}
= dL7f] :jflbnf] vfgf vfg] . vz gf)x]) v; . v;\g' c) lqm) [;+) :vn\ g'] != dflyaf6 tn
lt emg'{ lug'{ . @= b]xfGt x'g' dg'{ . v;! gf) [kmf)] pzLsf hf . v;@ gf) [;+)] != f
dxfeftsfnb]lv k|l;4 tyf ;ftf}c F f7f}F ztfAbLb]lv klZrdL g]kfnsf] lj:t[t kxf8L k|
bz ] df zf;g ub}{ cfPsf] jLtf ;Eotfsf lglDt k|l;4 Ps k|frLg hflt v;fgsf] afl;Gbf vz
. @= v;s'f cyf{t\ g]kfnL efiff af]Ng] afx'g, IfqL, sfdL, bdfO{F cflbsf] ;fd"lxs
gfd . #= k|frLg Iflqosf] Ps hflt . ~ s'f] gf) v;hfltn] af]Ng] efiff g]kfnL efiffsf]
k'fgf] gfd . v;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") v;s\ s] != cn] rfn gkfpg] uL (lxF8\g] lsl;d) v';'S
. @= yfx} glbO{ n';'Ss . v;v;! gf) [kmf) v; (l))] != Pp6} 8fF7df au|N ] tL nfdfnfdf
kft x'g], s'zsf h:tf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg], af:gf cfpg] hf x'g] Ps hftsf] 3fF; pzL .
@= To;}sf hf . v;v;@ lqm) lj) [c) d") v;\ c (l))] != skm hDgfn] c;lhnf] x'g] uL 3fF6L
;u;ufpg] lsl;dn] k'msf] vf]sL nfUbf 3fF6L ;s;sfP ;u;u ;u;uL . gf) @= dgdf
276

nfu]sf s'f af]Ng jf ug{ gkfpFbf x'g] c;lhnf]kg dgsf] t'na'nL . > v;v;fO gf) v;v;fpg
] sfd jf k|lqmof . v;v;fOg' c) lqm) v;v; nflug' . v;v;fpg' c) lqm) 3fF6Ldf skm 6fF
l;gfn] jf c s'g} vfaLn] c;lhnf] efg x'g' 3fF6L lrnfpg' ;u;ufpg' v;v; nfUg' . v;vl;g'
) lqm) 3fF6Ldf v;v; nfUg' v;v;fpg' . v;v;L gf) dgdf v]n]sf s'f c;Fu vf]Ng gkfpFbf x'
g] c;lhnf]kg s'g} sfds'f] k|:6fpg gkfpFbf x'g] ;u;uL . v;v;] lj) grflxFbf] s'fsf] rf;
f] lng] ;f]sf gk]sf s'fsf] lrof]rrf]{ ug]{ rflxFbfgrflxFbf s'fdf nflukg]{ . v; b]z
;+)] v;xsf] lgjf;e"ld v;hflt xg] b]z v;k|b]z v;fg . v; k|fs[t gf) [v; k|fs[t] v;hflt
zfn fHodf af]lng] ltgtfssf] efiff . v; afx'g gf) [v; afx'g] v;xsf] ;d"x 5]qLafx'g . :q
L) vl;gLafx'gL . v; af]nL gf) [v; af]nL] v;xff af]lng] af]nL v;k|b]zdf af]lng] af]nL
'f] v;efiff . v; efiff gf) [v; efiff] k|frLg g]kfnL efiffn] uf]vf{nL efiffsf] k kfpg'e
Gbf k"j{sf] k v;k|b]zdf af]lng] efiff k|frLg g]kfnL efiff l;FhfnL efiff v;s'f] . v;d
[c) v:d] != nf]Ug] klt kf]O . @= dflns :jfdL . v;d; lqm) lj) [v;v;] 3fF6L v;v;fpg]
uL v;v; . > v;d;fOg' c) lqm) v;v; nflug' v;v;fOg' . v;d;fpg' c) lqm) v;v;fpg' . v;dl;
g' c) lqm) v;d;fpg' . v;d; gf) qmd jf l:yltsf] a]d]n u8a8 . v;ft gf) [v; fHo] v;hfl
] g]kfnsf] klZrdL k|bz ] v;k|bz ] . v;fO gf) [ v;\ (cfO)] v:g] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ]
;fOg' s) lqm) v;flng' . v;fpg' k|) ] lqm) v:g nfpg' . v;fv; lqm) lj) [v;f]vf;] != P
shft g9fF6Lsg v;f]vf; . @= ;f; v'?v'? . v;fg gf) [v; cfg] k|frLg klZrdL g]kfnsf v;fHo
Ps k|d'v efu l;Ghf;fd|fHosf b'O{ k|d'v k|fGt v;fg h8fgdWo] Ps v;k|bz ] . > v;fgL g
f) != v;fgk|bz ] l;t ;DalGwt v;fgsf] . @= dWosfnLg g]kfnL efiffsf] Ps k|d'v e]b .
v;fn\g' ;) lqm) [v;\] != tnlt emfg'{ lufpg' . k|]) lqm) @= csf{nfO{ xf]Rofpg' x]nf u
f]Ng' . > v;fnfO gf) v;fNg] sfd jf k|lqmof . v;flng' s) lqm) emflg'

277

vl;g'vfs v;|t ] f] gf) [v;|f]Ptf]] 7"n7"nf v;|f kft x'g] pGo"sf h:tf u]8f kmNg] af]6
jz]if . v;|] Eofptf] gf) [v;|]Eofu'tf]] kfvfdf x'g] v;|f] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] Eofu'tf
] . v;|f] lj) [;+) ss{z] != lrNnf] jf ldlxg gePsf] bkmofpg] . @= s8f ;fx|f] dg gkbf]{
. #= k]6df sk6 gfVg] v;f]vf; s'f ug]{ . ~ s'f] gf) h:tfsf] t:tf] s'f] lrKnf] g3l;Psf
'f] . (pbf) f]6L lrNnf ld7f, s'f v;|f ld7f . pvfg) . ~ dl;g' gf) != s'g} s'f dgdf s
gfvL ulg] egfeg 7fs7's tnlatn . lj) @= df]6f] ldlxg (rfdn cflb) . v:o|fO gf) [ vl;
fO)] vl;|g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v:o|fOg' s) lqm) v:o|fpg] sfd ulg' . v:o
|fpg' k|]) lqm) vl;|g nfpg' . v:o|fsv';|'s lqm) lj) [c) d") v:o|fs(l))] != xn'sf cfj
fh cfpg] u/L (vf]:d]/f, kts/, sfuh cflb rnfpg] jf s'Nrg] lsl;d) . v:o|f
v';|'
gf) [c
) d") v:o|f
c(l))] != ;fgf]ltgf] sfd vofsv'q's . lqm) lj) @= x]) v:o|fsv';|'s . v:o|f
d
o|f
lqm) lj) [c) d") v:o|f
\c (l))] != sfutkq jf ;'ss ] f kftklt
\u rnfpFbf zAb cfpg]
@= vofsv'q's . v:o|fx6 gf) [vl;|ofx6] vl;|g] sfd jf cj:yf . v:jl:ts gf) [;+)] lzsf 7
Ls dfly cfsfzdf sNkgf ulPsf] laGb' zLif{laGb' . vxlg' c) lqm) [vf] O g'] != v8]L cfl
6la?jfx ;'St} hfg' . @= lakm, 3fpvl6f cflbdf vf6f a:g yfNg' . #= 3u[x:yL cflb lau|Fb
} hfg' 3\3f6 nfUg' . $= cfufdf e'6]sf] j:t' kfs] s]xL 89\g yfNg' . vx] gf) [;+) vx]
{ ofddf dfq e]n cfpg] ;fgf]ltgf] vf]nf] vf]N;f] . (pbf) pn{b + f] vx] x] slQsf] u8\u
8fpF5 . n]vgfy) . tfg gf) s'g} 7fpFaf6 l3RRofpFb} Nofpg] sfd l3;fg]{ sfd . vxofO gf
[ vxl (ofO)] vxofpg] efj jf lqmof k|lqmof . [ > ] vxofOg' s) lqm) vf] kflg' v"al
' jf e'l6g' . vxofpg' ;) lqm) != e'l6g] jf kf]lng] j:t'nfO{ a9\tf cfuf] nufP vf] kfg
'{ ;'sfpg' vFufg'{ . k|) ] lqm) @= dflyaf6 tn emfg'{ tnlt l3RRofpg' v'd'ofpg' . #= l
g'{ 3\3f6 nfpg' . vf gf) [;+) Hof<] ;f9] afO; xft nfdf] rf xft uh ePsf], 3 agfpg] h
sf] gfkf] . vfs gf) != gfrufg ubf{ v'fdf nufOg] kmnfdsf] vf]qmf] gnLaf6 ag]sf] afhf
. @= lzLifsf] h:tf kft ePsf],

lufOg' . vl;g' c) lqm) [v;\Og'] emlg' lulg' . vl;kf gf) [g]jf)] ofn, 9f]sf cflb ag
ddf k|of]u ulg] sf7sf t5'jf, rfkf6] 6'qmf . vl;of gf) [v;Oof] ljz]iftM cf;fdsf] e"ef
udf x]sf] dft[;Qf k|wfg x'g] Ps hflt . v;L gf) [c)] c08sf]ifsf] g;f r'F8fnL gk'+;s
agfOPsf] af]sf] . v;]pnL gf) [v;PpnL] != v;x a;]sf] 7fpF . @= n'lDagL c~rnsf] kGb]x
L lhNnfdf kg]{ a'6jnsf] Ps ahf v:of}nL . v;]qf] gf) [v;Pqf]] != vf:6f], dh]qf], asf]
{ cflb kftnf] cf]9\g] . @= v; jf 5]qLnfO{ x]nf u] elgg] zAb . v;f]vf; lj) [vf;vf;] !
= h:tf] ePsf] xf] To:t} h:tfsf] t:tf] oyfy{ ;To . @= ;fkm;fkm ;kmf;kmL v;fv; . v:sg'
lqm) [v;\ g'] != a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 cnfO{ yfxf glbO{ lxF8\g' 7fpF ;g'{ x6\g' . @= sdhf] x
'g' lg:t]h jf xtk|e x'g' . #= pd] 9Nsg' . > v:sfO gf) vl:sg] sfd jf k|lqmof . v:sfO
g' s) lqm) v:sg nfOg' . v:sfpg' ;) lqm) != v;fNg' . k|) ] lqm) @= v:sg nfpg' . vl:
sg' c) lqm) v:sg' . v:Sofx6 gf) v:sg] sfd jf cj:yf . v:tLktL{ gf) [kmf) v:t ktL{] klxn
] cfafbL ePsf] t kl5 s'g} sf0fn] ktL{ x]sf] hUuf . vl:dgL gf) [v;d OgL] sdffsdfL jf g
f]sgL{af6 dflnSgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb :jfldgL . v:ofsv';s ' lqm) lj) [c) d") (l))
v';s '
\ c] != hf]l;t s'f ulPsf] xf] p;eGbf afx]s cn] g;'Gg] uL (s'f ug],{ sfg]v; '
ug],{ ;fptL dfg]{ lsl;d) vf;v'; . gf) @= kmf]xd}nf . v:ofv'; ' v:ofd:of gf) [c) d
(l))] != ;fgf]ltgf] dfn;fdfg vofsv'q's h]t]d]t] . lqm) lj) @= la:tf} s]xL dfq cfjfh
'lgg] t :ki6 ga'lemg] lsl;dn] . v;|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") v;|s \ s] ;f]r]rfx]h:tf] geP
(dg lvGg x'g] lsl;d) . v;|fv';|' lqm) lj) [c) d") v:o|f\ c (l))] ;'ss ] f kftklt\u c
nfpFbf jf s'NrFbf cfjfh cfPem}F . vl;|g' c) lqm) [v;|f] O g'] s'g} s'f v;|f] jf bkm{ofp
] lsl;dsf] x'g' l5lKkg' klkSj x'g' . v;|' gf) [v;|f] p] vLsf h:tf v;|f kft x'g] af]x
h:tf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] v . v;| ] gf) [v;|f ] P] != ufO{a:t'nfO{ 8fn] 3fF;sf kdf
kftx v'jfOg] Ps hftsf] v . lj) @= v;|f]kgf ePsf] vf] .

vfvfvfO lafd alnof] sf7 x'g] cf}nf] hUufdf kfOg] Ps af]6 . vfvf gf) [c) d") vfF (l
f]{ ef]sn] h] eP klg vfpmFvfpmF nfUg] cj:yf vfg] tLj| OR5f ef]s . vfr \ g' ;) lqm) [v
Fr g'] wf]P 3f]6, snk cflb u]sf] sk8fdf v'lDrPsf a'f kfg'{ r'Gg' . vfr! gf) [;+) vl6s
afO{x y'g] af]lsg] lkFhf . vfr@ gf) [;+) v08<] sk8f r'Gbf aGg] a'f vfFRtf jf sk8f b
fpFbf kg]{ l8n vf]N;f k]sf a'f vfFh . vflrg' s) lqm) [vfFr\Og'] sk8fdf a'f r'lgg'
sfd ulg' . vfrL gf) [vfFr\O{] uf]a jf l9:sfsf] df6f] ofFSg gs{6 cflb h]n] agfOPsf],
k'ms]sf] 7"nf] 6f]sL . vfrLsf]6 gf) n'lDagL c~rnsf] c3f{vfFrL lhNnfdf l:yt k'fgf] ba
fsf eUgfjz]if eujtLsf] dlGb ePsf], a8fb;}s F f] qof]bzLsf lbg 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] k|l
;4 P]ltxfl;s :yn . vfrf] gf) != s'g} cfjZos s'f gePsf] cj:yf cefj xhf{ . @= cfjZostf
f;f] h?t . vfh gf) [;+) v08] != n'ufsk8fsf] bf]la|Psf] jf r'g]sf] efu efFhf d'hf . @
'g} j:t' vfFbs ] f dfemdf vfnL x]sf] 7fpF . vf6L lj) vf;f z'4 lgSv emf]{ . vf8 gf
8] ;+:sf gk'u]sf] ftf] jf ;]tf] ;v gvflPsf] lrgL . ;fL gf) ;kmf gulPsf] v}f]
s
gf) [;+) v08] 3]n' tfgdf a'lgPsf] df]6f] v;|f] sk8f Ps k|sfsf] vfbL jf v2 . vf8f] gf)
[vf0ff] < ;+) v8\u] != v8\u taf . @= ljjfxd08kdf xftdf v's'L jf taf lnP ufOg] Ps k|s
jLufyf lj?bfjnL . #= efUo . ~ hufpg' 6') ! ljjfxd08kdf b'nfxfb'nxLsf ;fd'Gg] v8f eO
{ hfGg] dfG5]n] vfF8f] eGg' . @= a9fO{r9fO{ k|z+;f jf u'0fufg ug'{ . vfb\g' ;) lqm)
[;+) vft g'] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ xftv'fn] jf cGo s'g} ;fwgn] lyrLlyrL efF8fdf xfNg' c6f
P;Dd sf]Rg' . @= lyRg' bafpg' . #= nfQLn] a]:sL xfGg' uf]b\g' lk6\g' . vfb! gf) [;+)
08<] s'g' v'Fh vfFr . vfb@ gf) [;+) vft] != v]tjfLdf hd]sf] cgfjZos jf a9L kfgL kmfNg
sf lglDt agfOPsf] vf]N;f] . @= afLdf ufO{, ;fF9] cflbnfO{ k:g glbg vlgPsf] ulxf] v
fN8f] ulxf] k]sf] hldg . vfbv'b F gf) [vfFb \ v'b F] \ s'g} j:t'nfO{ xft, v'f jf cG
'g} ;fwgn] vfFb\g] v'Fb\g] sfd .
278

vfbfvfb gf) [vfFb \ vfFb] \ != k:kdf vfFbg \ ] sfd sf]rfsf]r . @= 7]nd7]n . vflbg'
) [vfFb \ Og'] != 7]nd7]n eP a:g' sf]lRrg' lylrg' . @= uf]lbg' lkl6g' . vfbf]lkbf]
fbf]lkpbf]] OR5fdflkms jf dL7f]dl;gf] vfg]lkpg] vfgnfpg b'Mvsi6 gePsf] x'b F f]vfFbf]
wgL . vfa ] lj) [vfFaf]P] != vfFaf]sf cfsfsf] vfFaf]h:tf] vfFe] . gf) @= cIf . v
fFef]] 3uf]7 cflbsf] blng, 5fgf] cflbnfO{ yfDg agfOPsf] sfk] yfd rf]s] k]sf] df]6f]
sf7 vfFef] . vfe ] lj)x]) vfFa] . vfef] gf)x]) vfFaf] . vf; gf) [ vfFr] ofn9f]sf
fkf nfpg x'g] uL rf}sf];df vfFb sfl6Psf] efu vfFr . vfg' ;) lqm) [;+) vfb\ g'] != vfg]
s ' f d'vdf xfnL rkfO{ jf grkfO{ lgNg' ef]hg ug'{ . @= u'tfg'{ x;'g'{ l3Rg' (lgGbfy{
df) . #= csf{sf] ?lkofFk};f jf dfn;fdfg cflb lnP gltg'{ jf lkmtf{ glbg' krfpg' . $
= b'Mv, si6, xG8, uf]tf cflb ef]Ug' a]xf]g'{ . % s'g} sfd agfOlbg] lgx'Fn] 3'; lng
' e|i6frf ug'{ . vfO gf) [;+) vfB] vfg] sfd jf k|lqmof . s'ky gf) s'g} ljs[t jf xflg
sfs kbfy{ vfFbf zLdf kg]{ ghftL c; . vr{ gf) != vfgsf nflu nfUg] vr{ . @= vfP dfq l
cfDbfgL . v'O{ lj) tNnf] txsf] ;fwf0f x}l;otsf] lgD5f] . v]tL gf) != Joj;foljxLg
f a]sf cj:yf . @= k'u];k'u];sf] l:ylt 6'd6'dsf] cj:yf lhgltgsf] u'h|fg lnpFlrpF . h
] gf) vfPkl5 x'g] hf8f] . lhof] gf) vfg dfq k'Ug] sdfO vfOhLljsf k]6kfnf] . hLljsf
) vfg dfq k'Ug] sdfO hLjgj[lQ lgjf{x vfOlhof] . Bf} lj) sfdsfh s]xL gu] vfg dfq vf]
jf vfO dfq xg] vfOaf . vfOg gf) [;+) vfbg] vfPef]u]sf] j:t' fd|f] ef]hg . kfOg gf)
fd|L vfPkfPsf] hUufhldg . @= ef]hgcg';fsf] an . vfOg' s) lqm) [vf O g'] vfg] sfd ulg'
vfOkfO gf) [vfO kfO] klxn]b]lv vfFb}, ef]Ub} cfPsf] s'f vfg] ef]Ug] sfd (tna, eQf cfl
b) . vfOa gf) [ef]) a)] yf\s sk8fdf a'f eg]{ lrq n]Vg] nfdf yf\s lrqsf . vfOaf lj)
fa'] sfdsfh s]xL guL vfg dfq vf]Hg] vfO dfq xg] vfOBf} . vfO lafd gf) [vfO lafd] sfg
;f lng, vfg gx'g] s'f lnFbf jf vfFbf x'g] ckfw jf s;" .

279

vfO nfUbf]vft] 8f]sf] vf\u|] . vfhf! gf) [vhdh<] != kf]t] pGbf wfufdf gplgO{ l5lnPsf
bfgf . @= 5fKg] cIfsf ljleGg 6fOk Ps} 7fpF ldl;Psf] f; jf y'k|f] . vfhf@ gf) [k|f)
vHh < ;+) vfB] != dWofXg 3s]k { l5 vfOg] vfg]s'f] lbpF;f]sf] ;fwf0f vfgf rd]gf cgL{ .
@= ljjfx ePsf] jif{ lbgkl5 b'nfxfaf6 b'nxLsf dfOtdf sf];]nLsf kdf k7fOg] ;]nf]6L,
kmnk"mn cflb vfg]s'f] . vf6 gf) [;+) v6\jf] dflg; ;'Tg] jf a:g], sf7 cflbaf6 agfO
Psf] k|foM rfv'], 7"nf], nfdf] vl6of 7fpF ;fg{ ldNg] 6fF8 jf cf]5f}6f] . tf}nL gf) c
Fuf yfkflrlgofF b'O{ yL ldl;Psf] wfg . vf6f gf) [vt < ;+) Ift] 3fpvl6f lgsf] eP 5fnf
df a;]sf] kfk|f] 3fpsf] aflxL efu ;'s]sf] kfk|f] jf 8f]a . vf8n gf) [;+) vft] vg] jf
enaf9L cflbn] hldgdf k]sf] ulxf] 7fpF cUnf] hldgsf aLrdf k]sf] vfFb vfN6f] e8\vff]
f8L gf) [vf8n] != bnbn] jf cfxfnh:tf] ePsf] hldg jf 7fpF wfk . @= ;gkf6, 5fnf cflb
s'xfP w'gsf nflu agfOPsf] ;;fgf] kf]vL . #= tLglt hldgn] 3]lPsf] ;d'bs | f] ;fgf] e
fu pk;fu . vft gf) != Psdfly csf]{ ub}{ w]} j:t'sf] vK6fO rf tx 7]nL . @= f; y'k
f) != s'g} sfo{, ljefu jf JolQm cflbsf] cfoJoo jf n]gb]gsf] n]vf . @= x]s u|fxs,
c;fdL cflbsf] n]gb]g jf o:t} lx;fa fVg] lstfa axL . #= hldgsf] gfk, cfDbfgL cflbsf
] a]xf]f n]Vg] ;sfL axL If]qLo k'l:tsf . vftfvft gf) [vft vft] vftdfly vft c6fO{gc6fO
'g] sfd . vftf hfr gf) [vftfhfFr] ;sfL cfvfgf jf sDkgL, dxfhg cflbsf] cfDbfgLvr{sf] l
;faaxL hfFRg] sfd . vftfkftf gf) [vftkf6f]] b'jl} t ufnfdf afSnf] uL pd|s ] f] bfx|L
. vftf axL gf) [vftfaxL] ;sfL tyf u};sfL lgsfo jf JolQmljz]ifsf] cfDbfgLvr{, sdsn
lx;fa n]lvg] axL axLvftf (n]h) . vflt gf) of]) [c)] != lglDt nflu . gf) @= cfb ;Ddfg
#= dgdf u8]sf] s'f v'6s \ f] . hdfhfdf gf) != ;Gtf]if ljZjf; . @= ;fGTjgf ef];f .
f] dg;'af cfgf] st{Jo ;Dem] ulg] Jojxf . bfL gf) cfuGt's, cltly jf dfGo hgsf] cfb
{ sfd cfbefj . > vfltL gf) vfltbfL . vft] gf) kmf]xf]sf] vftaf6 rLhaLh a6'nL To;}sf
lavg

vfO nfUbf] lj) [vfO nfUbf]] emnSs x]bf{ xnfUbf] vfPcg';f hLp8fn ePsf] eefpFbf] x]l
. vfO;f gf) [vfO ;f] s'g} s'fnfO{ vfP k|of]hgdf Nofpg] sfd s'g} s'fnfO{ vfP jf pke
Og] ;fy{stf . vfO;f ls nfO;f d]kl5 nDk;f (pvfg) . vfO xfNbf] lj) [vfO xfNbf]] != 3u[x
fd|f] ePsf] vfg]lkpg] s'fsf] fd|f] aGbf]a:t ePsf] x'b F f]vfFbf] . @= ;'Gb x[i6k'i6
nfUbf] . vfO{ gf) [k|f) vfc < ;+) vft] != rf}lt cUnf], aLrdf ulxf] ePsf] hldg vfN8f]
f8n . @= lsNnf, ;x cflbsf] Iffsf lgldQ jlkl vg] kfgL elPsf] vf8n vfjf vf}nf] . vfs
mf)] != s'g} j:t' a]:sL aln;s]kl5 afFsL xg] Iff kbfy{ vfgL e:d . @= df6f] w"nf] . vf
vfg gkfP Hofb} b'AnfPsf] . vfsf gf) [kmf) vfs] != ]vfxaf6 lgld{t cfs[lt jf lrqsf] k
|flDes k eg{ afFsL x]sf] ]vflrq . @= To;} vfnsf] ]vf jf 9fFrf agfOg] sfuh gS;f d
= ;do;dodf x'g] ptfr9fp, kljt{g cflb ;"rgf ug]{ ]vfTds c\sg u|fkm . $= s'g} kq, n]v,
ljwfg cflbsf] cflDes k k]vf d;f}bf (8f6) . vfsL lj) [kmf)] d6fOnf] v}f] sf] v
vfS;L gf) [kmf) vfs g]jf) ;L] != v;|f kft x'g] e'mKkfbf dl;gf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg] Ps v j
f To;}sf ;;fgf xlof kmn 7]sLefF8f cflb uGxfPdf d:sfP ;kmf kfg]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] ;f
]xL vsf] kft vfU;L . @= sf7kft cflb lrNNofpg wft'sf j:t'xdf hd]sf] s; ;kmf ug{ sfut
jf sk8fdf sfFrsf] w"nf] 6fF;L agfOPsf] u8\g] v;|f] sfut . vfu! gf) [;+) v8\u] u}F
8fsf] gfsdflysf] d"Nojfg\ c\u . vfu@ gf) [vfs] != Ps k|sfsf] alnof] sf7 cu|fv . lj)
@= hfGg];'Gg] 6f7f]af6f] vlKk; vUu" vUu8 . df}f] gf) vdf rfsf nufP a:g], df}Ln]
fg]{, cl\ufnhqf] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] df}L . vfuL lj) [vfs O{ ] != x] ) vfsL . @= hf] ; dg
;Gt;Dk|bfosf vfuL TofuL b'O{ e]bdWo] Ps . vfuf] gf) eLdf rfsf nufP a:g] Ps k|sfsf]
7"nf] df}L eLdf}L vfudf}f] . vfU;L gf)x]) vfS;L . vf\u ]| gf) [vf\u|f] P] != 7"nf
]sf] vf\u|f] . lj) @= vf\u|f] af]s] lxF8\g] . ~ 8f]sf] gf) vf]:d]f, kTs, 3';fg cflb
Sg] 7"nf] 8f]sf] . vf\uf | ] gf) 3fF;, kTs, vf]:d]f cflb af]Sg] 7"nf] cfsfsf]

vft} vftvfGsLvfGuL u] hLljsf rnfpg] dfG5] . vft} vft gf) [vft P] vft] Psdfly csf]{ vK6
Ps} 7fpFdf flvPsf j:t'xsf] rf f; y'k|f] w]} tx . vflQg' c) lqm) [;+) vft O g'] P
'Fb} rf kg'{ vft nfUg' . vfb gf) != v]t, afL cflbnfO{ dlnnf] agfpg] uf]a jf s'lxPsf]
kftklt\u dn . @= v]tafLnfO{ pAhfOnf] agfpgsf lglDt f;folgs k|lqmofff tof kflPsf] k
. vfbs lj) [;+)] s'g} j:t'nfO{ vfg] jf ef]Ug] eIfs . vfbg gf) [;+)] vfg] sfd ef]hg v
jfO . vfbf gf) [ltAa) <] b]jb]jLsf] k"hfcfhfdf r9fOg] ljlzi6 JolQmsf :jfut tyf ;D
dfgdf dfnfsf kdf k|bfg ulg] ;]tf] kftnf] sk8fsf] pkxf . vfbL gf) [ v2] v2 vfF8L . v
[;+)] != vfOg] jf vfg nfos . gf) @= vfOg] kbfy{ (cGg, kmnk"mn cflb) . ~ s[lif a
hf ;]jf ljefu gf) s[lifdGqfnocGtu{t vfB, s[lif, xf6ahf cflbsf] ljsf; lgb]{zg;Fu ;Da
lGwt Ps ljefu . ~ gnL gf) Zjf;gnLsf] ;dfgfGt kdf x]sf] vfPsf] kbfy{ k]6;Dd k'ofpg] g
L uf]h]f] . ~ lgoGq0f gf) vfB ;fdu|LnfO{ s'g} :yfgdf a9L s'g} :yfgdf 36L x'g glbO{
;a} 7fpFdf ;dfg kn] pknAw ufOg] rfFhf]kfFhf] vfB ;fdu|Ldflysf] lgoGq0f . ~ kbfy{ gf)
vfOg] rLhaLh cGgkft . ~ ;
\s6 gf) ef]hg;fdu|Lsf] rsf]{ cefj ef]Ho j:t'sf] 7"nf] sdL .
~ ;~ro gf) clgsfn, v8]L cflb ;dosf lglDt klxn]bl] v g} ;FufnL flvPsf] cGgkft vfB j:
t'sf] ;~ro . ~ l:ylt gf) vfBkbfy{ k'Ug] jf gk'Ug] cj:yf vfOg] j:t'sf] sda];L cflb
x]lg] Joj:yf jf l:ylt . vfBfGg gf) [;+)] vfOg] cGg (wfg, ds}, ux'F cflb) . ~ sf]z g
f) clgsfn, ef]sdL cflb k|sf]ksf lglDt 5'fP flvg] vfBfGgsf] eF8f vfBfGg y'kfg]{ uf]bf
vfBf]h gf) [;+)] vfB kbfy{df kfOg] kf}li6s tj le6fldg . vfg gf) [kmf)] g]kfnsf zfxj
+zLo fhfsf k'vf{n] wf0f u]sf] kbjL . vjf; gf) != hfteft s]xL klg yfxf gePsf] JolQm ;
kflnPsf], hfteft kQf gnfu]sf] dflg; . lj) @= 3af, ;DklQ cflb gi6 ePsf] lgfl>t cefuL .
vfguL gf) [kmf)] x]) vfGsLvfGuL . vfgHofbf gf) [kmf) vfg Hofb] != zf;ssf] ;Gtfg fhs'n
f] JolQm (lbJo)) . @= leq]gLaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg . vfgtnf;L gf) [kmf) vfgftnf;L] != ;s
fjfbL d'2fsf l;nl;nfdf ckfw;DaGwL b;Lk|df0f jf dfn;fdfg x]sf]
280

z\sf jf ;Gb]x nfu]sf 7fpFdf uO{ tT;DaGwL vf]htnf; jf 5fglag ug]{ sfd rf]Ll5kfO{ flvP
sf] rLhsf] nflu s'g} 3df ulg] vf]htnf; . @= s'g} 3df cleo'Qm n'ss ] f] jf cj}w dfn;
fdfg n'sfOPsf] z\sf nfu]df jf ;j{:j ug'{k]df ;sfaf6 lnOg] tnf;L . vfgbfg gf) [kmf) vf
Gbfg] != vfg]s'f xfn] nlug] txtx k]sf] srf}f cfsfsf efF8fsf] af . @= s'n3fg pRr s'n
> vfgbfgL lj) != pRr vfgbfg jf s'n3fgsf] 3flgofF s'nLg . @= j+zkDkfaf6 cfPsf] k}t[
fgkfg gf) [vfg kfg] != vfg] lkpg] sfd v'jfO lkofO . @= vfOg] lkOg] j:t' cGgkfgL .
vfg] lkpg] Jojxf;Fu ;DalGwt sfds'f] . vfg;f gf) [kmf) vfg;fdfF] tsfL, crf cflb vfg]
agfOg] 7fpF cu]g' . vfg;fdf gf) [kmf)] vfOg] ;fdu|L tof ug]{ efG5] vfgf ksfpg] dflg;
. vfgf! gf) [k|f) vfcg < ;+) vfbg] != vfg]s ' f] vfB j:t' ef]Ho kbfy{ . @= vfg] jf
ef]hg ug]{ sfd . vfgf@ gf) [kmf) vfg] != 3 jf s'g} 7fpFsf] v08 tx sf]7f . @= 3 (sf]Lv
gf, kfunvfgf O)) . #= ;;fdfg fVgsf nflu ufx|f,] cfndfL, 6]an ' cflbdf agfOg] v08 jf
ljefu . $= ;fgf] l8Aaf . vfgfabf]; lj) [kmf) vfgfabf]z] s'g} Pp6f lglZrt 7fpFdf
3af geO{ u[x:yLsf ;a} dfn;fdfg lnP 7fpF7fpF 3'dL u'hff ug]{ 3'dGt] ofofj . (pbf) cf
fDedf vfgfabf]; hLjg latfpFy) ] . vflg gf) [;+)] x]) vfgL . vfgL gf) [;+) vflg] !=
k[YjLleq wft', kTy, sf]Onf, t]n cflb k|fs[lts ;DklQ x]sf] 7fpF vlgh kbfy{ kfOg] e"u
e{ (9'
\ufvfgL, tfdfvfgL, sf]OnfvfgL O)) . @= w]} rLhaLh pTkGg x'g] jf kfOg] 7fpF vf
lg . ~ If]q gf) vfgL ePsf] If]q jf 7fpF . ~ 7]Ssf gf) 7]Ssf;DaGwL P]gdf atfPsf lgo
dadf]lhd vfgL vf]Ng] sfdsf] 7]Ssf . vfg] lj) [vfg]] != vfg] sfd ug]{ vfPsf] . @= l;
4fpg] . s'f] gf) vfg] j:t' jf ;fdnt'dn . ~ r"g gf) kfg cflbdf fv] vfOg] l;kLaf6 ag]
r"g . ~ ;f]8f gf) kfgLdf ld;fP To;} jf k]6 b'Vtf cf}ifwLsf kdf vfOg] f]6L k'mnfpg k
L7fdf ld;fpg] cflb sfddf k|of]u ulg] ;]tf] g'lgnf] kbfy{ . vfGsLvfGuL gf) [kmf) vfg
uL] != lglZrt ;dodf kfpg] uL 7]lsPsf] sd jf j:t' tna a]tg dlxgfjfL . @= vfgsf nflu 7]
sPsf] j:t' . #= cl3 g]kfndf s'g}s'g}

281

vfG;fvfL :jf:gLdflg;n] s'ddf nfpg] ;'grfFbLsf] af6'nf] uxgf . vfdf] gf) [k|f) vDef]
] x]) vfFaf] . vfdf]; gf) [kmf) vfdf]z] != w}o{ ;xgzLntf . @= r'krfk df}g . lj) #=
w}o{ ePsf] ;xgzLn r'k nfu]sf] . > vfdf];L gf) vfdf]; xg] efj jf cj:yf . vfon gf) [ vn
]] != s'g} 3n] rr]s { f] hldgsf] lsQf jf v08 v]tL ulg] hUuf . @= lsl;d k|sf . vfo; gf
[kmf) Vjflxz] != s'g} s'fsf] rfx ?lr rf;f] jf:tf . @= k|of]hg cfjZostf h?t . vfof]l
] gf) [vfplhp] != vfOhLljsf u'hff lgjf{x . vf\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) vf g'] != gf}gL cfl
P s; ofFsL lgSv kfg'{ zf]wg ug'{ klisf ug'{ . @= gldn]sf sfGnfsfGnL jf l9:sfl9:sL hl
fO{ vg], tf5] ;DDofpg' . #= lzIffzf:q, u'?pkb]z cflbff a'l4nfO{ k|v agfpg' . $= s'g}
:ts jf k':tssf] s'g} ljifonfO{ bf]xf]ofO{t]xofO{ k9] gla;{g] kfg'{ . vf! gf) [k|f) vf
;+) Iff] != s'g} jg:klt cflbnfO{ hnfP jf f;folgs k|lqmofff lgsfn] cf}ifwL tyf cf}Bf]
us sfo{df k|of]u ulg] Iff kbfy{ Iff . @= jg:klt jf vlgh kbfy{af6 k|fKt x'g] nj0ff+z
jf g'gsf] efu . vf@ gf) [kmf)] != vf];f{gL cflb 89] jf cGo s'g} sf0fn] 3fF6L, gfs, c
fFvf cflbdf hng k}bf ug]{ s8f uGw jf lkf] fu . @= zfLls tyf dfgl;s hng 8fxf . vfv]
vf\ s]] \ cleo'QmnfO{ vfg]{ s]g]{ sfd sfs] . vfvf]nf] gf) [vf vf]nf]] kfgLdf vfs
sf] vf]nf] vf]nfsf] kfgL jf jlklsf] t6 efuaf6 vfsf] uGw cfpg] jf vfo'Qm vlgh kfOg] vf
]nf] . vfl gf) [;+)] klxn] k|rlnt aL; kfyLafasf] kldf0f d'L . vflg' s) lqm) [vf\
sfd ulg' ltvflg' . @= cUnf] hldg vg] ;Dd kflg' . vfls gf) [;+)] Ps vfl jf aL; kfyL
f] aLp nfUg] v]t . vflh lj) [c)] != s'g} :yfg, ;Ldf, kb cflbaf6 lgsflnPsf] lgisfl;t
alxis[t . @= c:jLs[t ulPsf] (lkmfb, bfaL cflb) . #= km]l lqmoflGjt jf nfu" gx'g] ulP
sf] (lgod, sfg'g O)) . > vflhL gf) vflh ug]{ sfd lgsfNg] jf avf:t ug]{ sfd lgisf;g, ;
jfd'lQm . vflnf] lj) [vf Onf]] != vfsf] :jfb jf uGw cfpg] vfh:tf] g'lgnf] . @= v';f{g
9\bf cfpg] fuh:tf] vf ePsf] . vfL lj) [vf (k|f) vf < ;+) Iff) O{] vf ePsf]

sd{rfLn] tnaafkt vfg kfpg] hUufhldgsf] p7tLk'7tL . vfG;f gf) [ vfg;f] x]) vfg;f . >
vfG;] gf) vfG;fsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm crf, tsfL, vfg]s'f cflb agfpg] JolQm vfg;fdfF vfk
) lqm) [vK6 g'] Pp6f j:t'dfly csf]{ j:t' fVg' Pp6f s'fdfly csf]{ s'f yKg' vK6g' . vfk
) [vK6] Pp6fdfly csf]{ vK6g] sfd vft kq tx . vfkf! gf) [g]jf)] != ofn9f]sfdf hl8Psf]
nufpg] vf]Ng] kmUNofF6f] skf6 . @= sf7df 7f8f d];f kfg]{ sfd . vfkf@ gf) [vfk\ cf] P
s k6s gflk;s]sf] cGgkft cflb km]l kl5 gfkf] lnFbf gk'u x'g] efu jf kl0ffd htL{ . vf
kfvfk lqm) lj) [vfk\ cf vfk\] k:kdf jf Pscsf{dfly vfKg] sfd vftfvft kq}kq . vflkg' s)
Psdfly csf]{ ylkg' vlK6g' . vfkL gf) g}g;'th:tf] kftnf] 5fKg] Ps yL sk8f . vfk}vfk
gf) [vfk P] vfk] Pp6f vfkdfly csf]{ vfk Pp6f txdfly csf]{ tx vfkxsf] ;d"x vft}vft . vfK
f gf) [g]jf) xfkf] df]6fdf]6f afF;nfO{ tLgrf lrf kfL Kof cflb agfpg tof kflPsf] kmf
ef6f . vfk| ] gf) [;+) vk{] h:tfsf] vfgLaf6 lg:sg] wft'h:tf] kbfy{ Ps k|sfsf] pkwft
' . vfk|f ] gf) [;+) sk{6] sk8f (5fvfk|f]) . vflK;of] gf) f8L, kfvL, wf]qmf], af]f cf
lb l;pg] 7"nf] l;of] ef]6l] ;of] . vfef gf) [ln)] fO{lnDa"sf 3sf] s'gfdf df6fsf] efF8
fdf e'mG8fOg] Oi6b]jtf . vfd\g' ;) lqm) [vfd g'] != vfdleq lr7Lkq xfn] aGb ug'{ . @= k
;fpg' x'Ng' . #= yfDg' y]Ug' . c) lqm) $= c6fpg' . %= k'Ug] x'g' 7Ls x'g' . ^= s'g}
sfd ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] 7fGg' . (pbf) dgn] vfD5 eg] of] sfd ug'{ dgfl;a 5) . vfd gf) [
;+) :sDe] != l7Ss jf nfDrf] rfs'g] cfsfdf sf6L rf}lt bf]Ao|fP agfOPsf] lr7Lkq xfNg] s
futsf] y}nf] lnkmfkmf . @= b'j} s'dsf km]bb]lv xftsf dfemL cf}Fnf;Dd sf]k|f] kfbf
{ aGg] cfsf km]f] cFufnf] . vfd s'f gf) [ef]) a) vfd s'f] dufFtL efiffnfO{ elgg] zA
dus'f . vfd; lj) [kmf) vfdf]z] != cfkb\ljkt\ k] klg w}o{ lng ;Sg] zfGt ;xgzLn r'k .
@= w}o{ zflGt . ~ vfg' 6') w}o{ lng' . vfldg' c) lqm) [vfd\ O g'] != c6fpg' leq k:g' .
= k'Ug' 7Ls x'g' . vfdL gf) kf]t], df]tL, l;qmL cflb e'mG8fpgfsf lglDt

vf]hlvsf Iffo'Qm . ~ g'g gf) k|foM pmif e"ldaf6 lemlsg] To:tf] g'g . vf]h lj) [c) vf
x]) vflh . > vf]hL gf) x]) vflhL . v|ftf]s { gf) [ef]) a)] lsfFt;+:s[ltcg';f c;f]h
fdf k[YjLsf] k"hf uL dgfOg] Ps rf8 . vfkf{! gf) na]bf;'?jfn, ef]6f], rf}aGbL rf]nf]
cflb l;pFbf sfvLdlg kg]{ uL ufFl;g] tLgrf];] sk8fsf] nflDrnf] 6'qmf] . vfkf{@ gf)
cf]vn9'\uf lhNnfsf] Ps 7fpF . vfn! gf) [;+) Iffn] != kz' cflbsf] zLaf6 lgsflnPsf] 5
fnf Tjrf rd{ . @= af]qmf] afXo cfj0f . vfn@ gf) [;+) vNn] != h'jf v]Ng h'6g \ ] 7fpF
'jf v]Nbf sf}8f xfGg] 7fpF . @= Pscsf{sf cfcfgf ljz]iftf jf k|sf lsl;d . #= >]0fL :t
$= k'fgf] ;dosf] Ohnf; . ~ yfKg' 6') cj}w tlsfn] h'jf v]Ng] 7fpF agfpg' h'jf v]Ng]
vfn agfpg' . ~ wgL gf) vfn yfk] h'jf v]nfpg] dfG5] h'jf8]nfO{ hDdf kfL wg sdfpg] Jol
Qm vfn] . vfnf gf) [vfn cf] != 5fnfsf] aflxL tx cQ 5fnf . @= af]qmf] afXo cfj0f . vf
f lqm) lj) [vfn (l))] x]) ;fnfvfnf . vfln lqm) lj) [c) vfnL] s]jn dfq . vfln;f gf) [c
) vfln;] s'g} JolQmsf] df]lxofgL xs latf{ gePsf] hUuf ;sfs} clwsfdf x]sf] hldg . vfn
lj) [c)] != leq s]xL gePsf] lQf] (vfnL efF8f], vfnL vNtL O)) . @= sf]xL ga;]sf] (v
fnL s';L{) . #= vfg]s'f s]xL gk]sf] (vfnL k]6) . $= uxgf jf >L;DklQ s]xL gePsf] (v
fnL sfg, vfnL xft O)) . %= s]xL f]huf jf sfdwGbf gePsf] (vfnL lbg vfnL ;do O)) . ~
v08 gf) vf]l;P jf d] lQf] ePsf] kb jf 7fpF s;}sf] axfnL gePsf] 7fpF vfnLvfN;f vflh
fN;f gf) cfvfgfsf s'g} sd{rfL cGoq ;?jfa9'jf eO{ jf vf];'jfdf kL cyjf d] vfnL ePsf] 7
pF jf To;L lQm x'g cfPsf] kb vfnLv08 . vfn] gf) [vfn P] != h'jf v]nfpg] jf h'jfsf] vfn
yfKg] JolQm vfnsf] dflns vfnwgL . @= h'jfsf] vfndf s'g} bfp lnP v]Ng a;]sf] JolQm
jf v]nf8L . vfN6fv'N6L gf) [vfN6f] vfN6f]] ;fgfltgf w]} vfN6fsf] ;d"x . vfN6f]vfN8f] g
f) [;+) v08<] vg] cyjf cGo s'g} sf0faf6 ag]sf] vf8n Ejf\ e8\vff] e\bfnf] . vfNkf l
] a'9fOFn] df;' emf]n'
\luPsf] (dflg;) a]t a;]sf] jf sfd gnfUg] cj:yfdf k'u]sf] (ufO
{, e}F;L O)) .
282

vfNjf gf) [ef]) a)] lxdfnL e]udf efL af]sL cf]xbf]x ug]{ e]8f . vfjf! gf) [;+) vft] !
= lsNnf, ;x cflbsf] ;'Iffsf lgldQ xftfjlkl vg] agfOPsf] hnk"0f{ vf8n vfO{ . @= zq'n]
dnf ug{ g;Sg] p2]Zon] ulxf] gfg g;lsg] uL lsNnfdf agfOPsf] vfN6f] jf ;fgf] 3f6L . v
fjf@ gf) s'g} sfd ugf{sf nflu tf]lsPsf] cjlw efsf Dofb . (pbf) xlnfO{ ?lkofF ltg{ b;
lbgsf] vfjf lbOPsf] 5) . vfjf# gf) a];L pdfn] afSnf] kfL ttfOPsf] b"w . vL gf) != v
vL . @= vfjf vLh:t} dL7f] ef]hg . vf; lj) [c)] != h:tf] 5 To:tf] h:tfsf] To:tf] .
= k|d'v ljz]if d'Vo . vf;v'; lqm) lj) [c) d") v';\c (l))] != glhssf JolQmn] klg ;'Gg
g;Sg] uL u'Kt lsl;dn] (s'f ug]{ 9
\u) v';v'; . gf) @= leqleq} eOx]sf] s'g} uf]Ko s'f
lgGbgLo sfdsf af]df aflx clncln ;'lgg yfn]sf] xNnf ufOFu'OF . #= uf]Ko s'fsfgL sfg]v'
L ;fptL . > vf;v';] lj) vf;v'; ug]{ ;fptL u]h:tf] . vf;f lj) [c) vf;] != fd|f] c;n p
hftL a]; ljz]if lsl;dsf] . @= gf) sf]bf/Lglhs}sf] ltAatL ahf . vf;L! gf) [g]jf)] tfd
f, lkQn cflb wft'sf] ksfpg] 7"nf] efF8f] 7f] . vf;L@ lj) [c) vf; O{] != dg k]sf] Koff]
k|o cGt\u . @= kTofsf] ekbf]{ ljZjf; ug{ ;lsg] . vf:6f] gf) 8Das'dfL jf 9fsfnfO{
n sk8fn] 5fkL agfOPsf] cf]9\g] b'O{ jf tLg tx ePsf] afSnf] ;'tL k5f}f . vfxdvfx lqm)
lj) [kmf) VjfxdVjfx] OR5f geP klg gfxs hah:tL . lvr \ g' ;) lqm) [ lvRg'] x]) lvRg'
> lvrfO gf) lvrfO . lvrfOg' s) lqm) lvrfOg' . lvrfpg' k|) ] lqm) lvrfpg' . lvrftfg
lvrftfg] x]) lvrftfg . > lvrftfgL x]) lvrftfgL . lvOg' c) lqm) [k|f) vo < ;+) Ifo g']
!= 3f]l6P jf blnP 36\g hfg' ;fgf] x'Fb} hfg' kftlnFb} hfg' . @= vO{ hDg' lvof nfUg' .
#= ;Gtfg g;k|g' . $= b'Anfpg' Vofp6] aGg' . %= dfl;Fb} hfg' . lvpgL gf) sfFrf] b"
wdf jf kfgLdf rfdnsf] kL7f] km]6 ] emfFhaf6 r'xfO{ ksfOPsf] f]6L lemn}ofF . lvsf gf)
[g]jf)] wf]tL, k5f}f cflbsf] lsgff .

283

lv\un ' Llvkfxf lvRrf] lj) [k|f) lvRr cf], t') g]jf) lvRrf] != 5'Rrf] lvRr's . @= emsf
]{ nfUg] grflxg] lsl;dn] srsrfpg] . gf) #= sfd g sfh e'lsxg] s's' . lvr|Lldr|L gf)
yLyLsf w]} j:t' vofsv'q's h]t]d]t] lvr8Lldr8L . lvr|f] gf) [k|f) lvRr < ;+) s[;] s
f] klg . bfn, rfdn Ps} 7fpFdf ld;fO{ g'g, a];f, d;nf cflb xfn] ksfOPsf] hfpnf] lvr8
L . lvhfa gf) [c)] k'mn]sf] skfn, bfx|Lh'Fuf cflb FufP sfnf] agfpg] cf}ifwL s]zsNk sn
. lvlhg' c) lqm) [k|f) lvHhO g'] lrl9g' lbSbfL x'g' l; p7\g' . > lvHofO gf) lvlhg]
f k|lqmof . lvHofOg' s) lqm) != lv;L ulg' x]nf ulg' . @= l; p7fOg' . lvHofpg' ;) lqm)
luHofpg' lv;L ug'{ x]nf ug'{ lh:Sofpg' . lvHofx6 gf) lvlhg] lvHofpg] lqmof jf cj:yf
. lvtlvt lqm) lj) [c) d") lvt\ c (l))] dw' cfjfh lg:sg] uL (xfF:g] rfn) . lvtfa gf) [c
] bhf{ pkflw kbjL . lvTsf gf) [;+) lvQs] a];L xfF:bfsf] cfjfh pGd'Qm xfF;f] . lvQ lqm
lj) [c) d") lvt\ t] dw' xfF;f] k'm6\g] uL pGd'Qm xfF;f] xfF:g] uL . ;ft) lvltltlt . l
vlqSs gf) [c) d") lvlqs\ s] != s'g} s'fnfO{ la:tf} rnfpFbf cfpg] cfjfh s'g} ;fgf] j:t'
v:bf ;'lgg] zAb . @= ;fgf]ltgf] s;" clnslt bf]if . (pbf) sfddf lvlqSs eof] ls xfls
dsf] ufnL vfg'k5{) . lvbdt gf) [c)] tNnf] txsf] ;]jf6xn rfsL . lvgfpf] lj) [;+) IfL0f
fpf]] x]) Vofp6f] . lvGg lj) [;+)] != lrGtf kZrfQfkn] ;tfOPsf] v]b dfg]sf] If'Aw . @
= lbSbf lbSs ePsf] pbf; . tf gf) lvGg x'gfsf] efj jf lqmof dfgl;s Unflg lrGtf . lvk
) lqm) [;+) lIfk\ g'] != s;] a'Gg' jf ldnfpg' . @= dl;g' kf] l;pg' . #= OR5f u]sf] bfp
kfg]{ dg;fon] kf;f jf sf}8f xfGg ldnfpg' . lvk gf) [c\) lSnk] h'Qf, sDdk]6L cflb c
8fpg wft'af6 ag]sf] c\s';] . lvkfO gf) lvKg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lvkfOg' s) lqm) lvKg
nfOg' . lvkfpg' k|]) lqm) lvKg nfpg' lvKg] kfg'{ . lvkf8f]L gf) [lvk\ 8f]L] a6f] jf
agfOPsf] aflaof]sf] lvlnf], alnof] 8f]L . lvkfxf lj) [lvk\ cfxf] != lvKg l;kfn' lvKg h
fGg] . @= lvk] jf ldnfP kf;f jf sf}8f xfGg] .

lv\un ' L lj) != sGh'; dSvLr'; lsG6f]sL . @= tNnf] txsf] gLr lgGbgLo . lvr\g' ;) l
s'g} j:t'nfO{ cfk"mlt tfGg' l3RRofpg' v}r F g' . @= km}lnPsf j:t'x Ps} 7fpFdf ;Fu6 ]
g \ ' ;d]6g \ ' s]Gb|Le"t kfg'{ . #= sd vr{ ug'{ kmdf{O; gug'{ lskmfot ug'{ . $= ;ff
+z lemSg' t]lh lgsfNg' . %= Sofdfn] kmf]6f] lng' tl:a jf lrq ptfg'{ . lvrlvr lqm) lj)
[lvr\ c (l))] grflxFbf] lsl;dn] s'f sf6\g] uL lvrf]nf lemSg] lsl;dn] . lvr8L gf) [;+)
[;] != lvr|f] . @= Ps} 7fpFdf ljleGg j:t'sf] ;lDd>0f jf ldnfj6 . lj) #= yLyLsf j:t'
Ps} 7fpFdf ldn]sf] 5f;ld;] . ldr8L gf) != hyfefjL ldl;Psf] w]} j:t'sf] y'k|f] . @= h
]t]d]t] vofsv'q's . lvrnf] gf) [ lvrf]nf] != x]) lvrf]nf . @= 5f;ld; (lbJo)) . lvrf!
j) [d)] h]7f . vfg gf) lesf]{6] fhf e"kfn fosf h]7f 5f]f xlxl;+xsf] :yfgLo hLjgdf k
nt gfd . lvrf@ gf) [g]jf)] s's'/ ;fgf] s'/fdf klg emu8f ug]{ dflg; lvRrf . lvrfO gf)
[ lvr\ (cfO)] lvRg] lqmof jf efj [ > ] lvrfOg' s) lqm) lvRg nfOg' . lvrfpg' k|) ] l
qm) lvRg nfpg' tgfpg' . lvrflvr gf) k:kdf tfGg] sfd tfgftfg lvFrftfgL . lvrftfg gf)
r\tfg] tfgftfg lvFrftfg . > lvrftfgL gf) != Pp6} j:t'nfO{ b'Ot { km{af6 tfGg] lqmof
jf l:ylt tfgftfg lvrftfgL lvFrftfg . @= s'g} sfds'fnfO{ b'O{tLgltaf6 3'dfpg] jf a
\Uo
pg] rfn k:kdf x'g] ljf]wL pBf]u . lvlrg' s) lqm) [lvr\Og'] lvRg] sfd ulg' . lvrLlvr
lj) [ lvrlvr] cem r8\sf lvrlvr x'g] uL . lvr'jf lj) [lvr\pjf] != lvRg] tfGg] . @= lv
lrPsf] ptflPsf] (cs{ cflb) . #= tflgPsf] l3RRofOPsf] . lvrf]nf gf) [k|f) lvRrcf]nf] !
= emu8f ug]{ lgx'F slr
\un drfpg] s'f . @= u8a8 uf]ndfn slr
\un emu8f lvrnf] . lvRr8
vr\c8] sfd g sfhsf] lvrlvr ulxg] . lvRrf gf) [lvRrf] sf] lt))] x]) lvRrf] . lvRr'l
) [k|f) lvRrpmps] != ;fgf] lrQ ePsf] sGh'; s[k0fL lsG6f]sL lvRrf] 5'Rrf] . @= zLn:j
ePsf] d'kmtdf srsr ulxg] . lvRr" lj) x]) lvRr's .

lvk'jflv:;f lvk'jf lj) [lvk\pjf] lvk] agfOPsf] lvlkPsf] . lvKtL gf) [lvk\tL] != s'g}
d ldlxg]t;Fu ug]{ c6"6 k|lqmof . @= zAbxsf] lgj{rg Jo'TklQ . lvdL gf) [y)] ysfnL klj
fdf s'g} JolQmsf] d[To' x'Fbf dfpynf]df b;afx| k'm6 rfSnf] rf k'm6hlt cUnf] kfL dfg]
sf cfsfdf 9'\ufn] agfOg] To;} vf8ndf cl:y flvg] d7 . lvof gf) [;+) lIfof] wft'sf efF
8fdf nfUg] s; vO{ . lvofO gf) [ lvO(ofO)] != lvOg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [lvofpcfO] @= l
vofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lvofOg' s) lqm) != lvOg] kflg' . @= 8'
\uf, gfp cflb
lvofpg] sfd ulg' . lvofpg' ;) lqm) [;+) If]k ofp g'] != 8'u \ f rnfpg' axgf rnfpg' .
kf}8g' kf}8L v]Ng' . #= af6f] lxF8\g' . lvofpg' k|]) lqm) [lvO ofp g'] != 3f]6] jf bn]
ftnf] kfg'{ 36fpg' . @= lvof nfUg] kfg'{ . lvof}gf gf) [lvofp of}gf] 8'u \ f lvofpg]
8fF8L axgf . lv gf) [;+) IfL] b"wdf ksfOPsf] eft b"wdf rfdn, lrgL, d;nf cflb xfnL ksf
OPsf] :jflbi7 vfB kbfy{ kfo; t:d} . sfqmf] gf) ;]tf] hftsf] Ps yL sfFqmf] . lvlv
d") lv\c (l))] x]) lvllvL . > lvllvL gf) != ulvfg] d]nf] . @= r'Lk'mL t'h's .
cGg emg]{ 8'F8 ysf{pgsf lglDt ;f]nLsf kLFwdf e'mG8fOg] j:t' k'tnL . @= Ogfaf6 kfgL
lemSg ;lhnf] 8f]f] glvOg] kfg{ Ogfdfly hl8Psf] kf
\uf| ] l3gL{ . lvlnf] lj) [;+) IfL
f]] != dl;gf] vFlbnf] sl;P afl6Psf] (8f]L) . @= ;fgf] eO{sg bx|f] bla{nf] k'i6 . lv
f] gf) [lvf] { cf}n F f]] nfdf kft, ;fgf ftf k"mn, nfDrf, lrKnf ;fgf kmn sfnf] u'b
tyf sGb x'g] cfo'j]{bsf cg';f ?lrsfs wft' aUg] f]unfO{ gfz ug]{ u'0f ePsf] Ps a'6L
sfnf] ;]tf] b'O{ e]b x'g] To;}sf] sGb . lvgL{ gf) [;+) IfLl0fL] 6'Kkf yf]} kmf6]sf
kft x'g,] ;]tf k"mn k'mNg] Ps j[If jf h']sfkmnsf h:tf bfgf x'g] To;}sf] kmn fhfbgL
. lvofO gf) [ lvofp (cfO)] x]) lvlxofO . [ > ] lvofOg' c) lqm) lvlxofOg' . lvofpg
[lvlxlofpg'] gdL7f] :jfb cfpg' lvlxofpg' . lvf]{ gf) [;+) IfL] nfDrf, dl;gf kft x'g
k lg:sg] ljiffn' lsl;dsf] Ps v jf ;;fgf u]8f x'g] To;}sf] kmn . lvn\g' ;) lqm) [vLn g
'] != df}L, af?nf, cl\ufn cflb sLfn] vLn uf8\g' 8:g' . @= uf]Eg' f]Kg' . #= pGg' uf
.
284

$= l;pg' . lvn gf) [;+) sLn] != af?nf], cl\ufn cflbn] 6f]Stf u8]sf] ljiffn' sfF8f]
jf cff] . @= laem]sf sfF8f cflb glg:sgfn] leq ;8] hd]sf] df;'sf] ;fx|f] 8Nnf] t'; .
#= kft cflb ufF:g] l;Gsf l;Gsf . $= cfnlkg lkg . ~ kN6g' 6') sfF8f cflb laem] glg:s
g' 3fp, vl6f kfs] leq kLk hd]sf] 7fpFdf df;'sf] 8Nnf] aGg' vLn aGg' . lvnlvn lqm) lj)
[c) d") lvn\ c (l))] hf]8n] xfF:g] uL lvtlvt u] . > lvnlvnfO gf) lvnlvnfpg] efj jf l
fk|lqmof . lvnlvnfOg' c) lqm) lvnlvn xfFl;g' . lvnlvnfpg' c) lqm) k|;Gg eP xfF:g' dl;
gf] cfjfh lgsfn] xfF:g' . lvnlvnfx6 gf) != lvnlvnfpg] lqmof jf cj:yf . @= lvnlvnfp
Fbf d'vaf6 lg:sg] zAb . lvnfO gf) [ lvn\ (cfO)] lvNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof [ > ] lvnfOg
' s) lqm) lvNg nfOg' 8;fOg' . lvnfpg' k|) ] lqm) vLn uf8\g nfpg' . lvnfg gf) ofn9f]sf
dfly kflg] cw{jQ [ fsf afGsL u'Dah . lvnfkm lj) [kmf)] != s'g} sfds'fsf] ljf]w ug]{
lQm) . @= s'g} l;4fGt jf j:t';u F d]n gvfg] pN6f] (s'f) . #= lj?4 ljkLt . lvlng' s) l
qm) [lvn\ O g'] vLn ufl8g' 8l;g' . lvn'jf gf) [lvn\ pjf] sfF8fbf ;;fgf kft ;]tf ;fgf k
x'g] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] ftf uf]n bfgf x'g] kmn . lvNnt gf) [c) lvnct] pNn]vgLo sf
d u]afkt fhfdxffhfaf6 k':sfsf kdf lbOg] j:q, cfe"if0f cflb . lvNnL! gf) pNNofx6 xF;
uL dhfs . lvNnL@ gf) != kfgsf] laf . @= laF8L, r'f]6 cflbsf] Ps PsfO (Ps lvNnL r'f]6,
kfFr lvNnL laF8L cflb) . lvl;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lvl;s\ s] != la:tf} jf d'v yf]} vf]
n] (xfF:g] rfn) . @= sfd k"f geP eg]h:tf] geO{ (lgfz x'g] rfn) lbSs . #= x]) lvl;|Ss
lv;L gf) [lv:; O{] != cnfO{ xf]Rofpg] jf v;fNg] rfn lbNnuL xF;L luNnf . @= x]nf 3[0f
l6pLl6a'L gf) != xF;L7f lbNnuL . @= x]nf luNnf . ] :t} lvl;|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d"
!= g;f]rh gePh:t} uL (lgfz x'g] lsl;d) lbSs . @= lxl:;g] uL cnklqP (wf]vf kfpg] rfn)
. lv:; lqm) lj) [c) d") lv;\ ;] != la:tf} d':s'fpg] lsl;dn] d';'Ss . @= xn'sf lsl;dn]
aflxL kn] dfq (xfF:g vf]Hg] lsl;d) . #= lgfz eP cf;} gxL (lhlNng] rfn) lhNn . lv:;f
[c) sL;] != v's'Lsf bfkleq 3';flg] ;fgf]

285

lv::ofOv'6 k|]) lqm) v'Fb\g nfpg' . v'bfv'b gf) kfn}l;t ulg] s'NrLsfNrL k:kdf v'b F
] sfd . v'l bg' c) lqm) v'Fb\g] sfd ulg' . v'Oo\o gf) [c) d") v'O] Hofb} ysfO nfUbf
jf lbUbf x'Fbf d'vaf6 lgSng] zAb ;'Oo\o . v'O] lj) [v'Of]P] v'OlnPsf] v'On] . v'Oln
) lqm) [v'Onf]Og'] != f]uljz]ifn] jf tftf] kfgL kgf{n] f}F emg'{ vNjf6 x'g' . @= s'g}
sf0fjz
p8\g'
kmLsf kg'{ . #= n8] jf kf]n] 5fnf hfg' 5fnf tfl5g' . v'On] lj) [v
skfnsf f}F v'OlnPsf] v'O] . @= vla?jf s]xL gePsf] gf
\uf] (kf6f], 8fF8f] cflb) . v'On
] gf) [;+) vNjf6] tfn'v'On] . v'ONofO gf) [ v'Oln (ofO)] v'Olng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [ > ] v'ONofOg' s) lqm) v'Olng] kflg' e'TNofOg' . v'ONofpg' ;) lqm) v'Olng] kfg'
{ e'TNofpg' . v'O{! gf) != vnf cflbdf ;'sfOPsf] la:s'g y'Ko|fpg], sf]bfnfsf cfsfsf]
nfdf] laF8 ePsf] sf7sf] ;fwg ofpL . @= Hofb} ysfO nfu]sf avt d'vaf6 lgsflng] pfl7nf
] ;':s]f . v'O{@ gf) [ sfO{] lvof vO{ . v's'G8L gf) [v's'G8f]O{] != sfvL . @= sfvLaf6
cfpg] kl;gfsf] uGw . v'sG ' 8f] gf) != tndfly 8f]L aLrdf sf7 xfnL agfOPsf], ufO{a:
t' afFWg] bfDnf] . @= ufO{a:t' gefu"g\ egL unfdf e'mG8fOg] sLnf] 3fF8f] . v's ' L gf
) s]xL 3'ds ] f] aLrdf yf]} g'xs ] f] l;?kft], taf], e'F8] cflb e]b x'g] Ps k|l;4 g
]kfnL xltof . v'sn ' f] lj) [;+) Zny] != gsl;Psf] ;lhn};Fu k'm:sg] xf]nf] km:sf] . @=
lkmtnf] :jefj ePsf] k]6df s'f gc8fpg] . v'
v \ \ f/ lj) [kmf) vFV " jf/] 8/nfUbf] eof
s g[z; + v'v F f . v'lRr
lj) af]) ug{ gx'g] jf gug'k { g]{ sfd ubf{ b'Mv kfpg]nfO{ O
VofP elgg] zAb vfO;\ t (pbf) v'lRr
, eg]sf] gdfg] s'b]sf] xf]Og < nl8of] lg ) . v'h
f) [ v'bf | ] k'm6s k};f rfgr'g k};f v'bf | ]huL . v'6\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) v' g'] !=
f]n] alnof] dl;gf] kfL n'uf cflb l;pg' . @= l;Gsf] 3f]r] efFrL b'gf, 6kL cflb agfpg
' . v'6! gf) efOsf] v]k (Ps v'6 tf]L, kfFr v'6 g'g O)) . v'6@ gf) != xfPsf] s'g} s'fs
] kQf] cQf]kQf] 7]ufgf lbzf . (pbf) efO sxfF k'u]sf x]5g\, s]xL v'6 nfUof] ls <) . @=
lgwf] lgZro . (pbf) o; sfdsf] l56} v'6

y}nL . @= ;fwf0f y}nL h]a . lv::ofO gf) [ lv::ofp (ofO)] lv::ofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . [ > ] lv::ofOg' s) lqm) lv::ofpg] sfd ulg' lh:SofOg' luHofOg' . lv::ofpg' ;) lq
m) [lv:;ofpg'] lx:; kfg'{ lx::ofpg' lv;L ug'{ . lvlxf] lj) != lrNnf] kbfy{ s'x ] jf
Ps lsl;dsf] gdL7f] :jfb ePsf] lvlxofpg] . gf) @= lrNnf] kbfy{ ;8] cfpg] gdL7f] :jfb
lvlxofx6 . lvlxofO gf) [ lvlxofp (ofO)] lvlxofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lvlxofOg'
) lvlxf] jf lvlxlFbf] :jfbsf] xf]Og' lvlxofpg] xf]Og' . lvlxofpg' c) lqm) [lvlxf]of
rNnf] kbfy{ ;8] jf s'lxP gdL7f] :jfb cfpg' lvlxofpg] :jfbsf] x'g' . vLk gf) x]) lvk .
vL gf) x]) lv/ . vLn gf) x]) lvn . ~ kN6g' 6') x]) lvn kN6g' . v'v f lj) [kmf) v"F
!= 7"nf] b':;fx;sf ;fy gfd|f] sfddf nfUg] 8nfUbf] . @= xToff] g[z+; . v'u f gf) d'
k'ms]sf], tnlt ;fF3'f] ePsf] leqkl sfF8f jf rf];f kmsf{OPsf] rf]ofsf] df5f dfg]{ ;f
wg . > v'u ] gf) != cK7]f] s'f c;lhnf] cj:yf vf]t] c8\sf] . @= v'Fuf . v'h gf)
'~h] != nxf vkftn] ofDd k]sf] 7fpF ntfs'~h . @= cK7]f] 7fpF 3fFr . > v'h]nL lj)
a:g] dfG5] . @= clzlIft xg;xg fd|f] gePsf] c;Eo . #= g]kfnL hfltsf] Ps y . v'8 \ g
lqm) [k|f) v'00f g'] k'jf, tsfL cflb 8f8'n] lyr] 6'qmfpg' lyRg' w'Nofpg' . v'8 f
) v8\u] 6'Kkf] r]K6f] yf]} 3'dfpf] ePsf] cw{rGb|fsf 7"nf] v8\u ljz]iftM b;}3 F df df
fGbf k|of]u x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] 3fts xltof . v'8fO gf) [ v'8 \ (cfO)] v'F8\g] sfd jf k|
lqmof . [ > ] v'8fOg' s) lqm) v'F8\g nfOg' . v'8fpg' k|]) lqm) bfn, tsfL cflb 8f8'n]
yr] 6'qmfpg nfpg' v'F8\g nfpg' . v'l 8g' c) lqm) != v'F8\g] sfd ulg' w'NofOg' . @=
f] x'g' dl;lgg' . F f]P] != cf]7sf] aLr efu sfl6Psf] jf lrlPsf] . v'8 ] lj) [v'8 @=
df]x8f efFlrPsf] jf sfl6Psf] v'F8f] . v'8 f] lj) [k|f) v'00f] x]) v'F8] . v'b\g' ;)
lqm) [k|f) v'00f g'] v'fn] s'NrLsfNrL kfg'{ lyrLldrL kfg'{ . > v'b fO gf) v'Fb\g] lqm
of jf efj . v'b fOg' s) lqm) lyrLldrL kflg' v'b F g \ nfOg' . v'bfpg'

v'6fOv'g ulxfNg'kof]) . #= v'6s \ f], u8]sf] kL . ~ va gf) kSsf va lglZrt ;dfrf .

) [ v'6\ (cfO)] v'6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v'6fOg' s) lqm) v'6\g nfOg' .
v'6fpg' k|) ] lqm) v'6g \ nfpg' . v'l6g' s) lqm) alnof] dl;gf] kfL l;Og' v'6\g] sfd
ulg' . v'6L gf) [k|f) vf]8] != n'ufx e'mG8fpgfsf lglDt leQfdf 7f]lsg] ;fgf] r]K6f] k
mNofs . @= ;fgf] sLnf] sLnf] . jfn lj) uf]7 s'g]{ uf]7df a;] ufO{a:t'sf] ]vb]v ug]{
v'6'jf lj) [v'6 \ pjf] v'6] alnof];Fu l;OPsf] . v'6\lsnf] gf) [v'6sLnf]] kmNofs cflb
xfn] jf v08 v08 kfL df6f] tf5] agfOPsf] l;F9L eofsf] tx v'8l\ snf] . v'6s \ f] gf
v'8'lSsc] != s;}sf dgdf u8]sf] s'f] leq} c8] x]sf] s'f] v'8\sf] . @= dg]{ jf 5'lg]
fdf s;}n] cfkmGt;Fu u]sf] dgdf u8\g] s'f] wf]sf] . #= Ps rf]l6 v'6] l;OPsf] 8f]a ;'sf
]{ . v'lg' c) lqm) [v'6 \ O g'] s'g} s'f oxL xf] eg] 7lDdg' lsl6g' jf tf]lsg' lgZ
. v'L gf) [v'f] O{] != ;fgf] b'Anf] v'f] . @= sf6]sf v;L, af]sf cflbsf] v'f] . v';
f) [v'f]PF;f]] ufO{a:t'sf v'fdf afFlwg] ;fgf] bfDnf] . v' ] lj) [v'f]P] != uf]8f ;'l
sf] 7"nf] uf]8f ePsf] xfQLkfOn] . @= v'f ePsf] (vf6, lksf{ cflb) . ~ lsnf] gf) != r9
\gsf lglDt vdf sf6]sf] 8f]a . @= eL kxfdf pSnFbf 6]Sg ;dfpg ufl8Psf] sLnf] . ~ 8f]L
) ljz]if u] b'xg ' ] a]nf ufO{a:t'sf] v'f cNemfpg] 8f]L . v'f] gf) [k|f) v'] lxF8\g]
d ug]{ zLsf] tNnf] cjoj uf]8f kfp r0f . > v'of;f] gf) x]) v']F;f] . v'fO gf) [
fd, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v'fOg' s) lqm) lgwf] ulg' 7xofOg' . v'fpg' ;) lqm) !=
eg] 7Dofpg' ls6\g' tf]Sg' lgwf] ug'{ . @= kQf nfpg' . k|) ] lqm) #= v'lg] kfg'{ . v'6
g \ ] lj) [v'6\g]] v'6g \ ] sfd ug]{ l;pg] . ~ 6fsf gf) ;fdfGo l;nfOkl5 alnof] agfpg
sf nflu ulg] l;nfO jf 6fFsf n'uf l;pg] Ps lsl;dsf] 6fFsf . v'6n \ f gf) [yf)] yfhflt
sf cljjflxt o'jtLn] gfsdf nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . v'8\lsnf] gf) [v'flsnf]] eof
sf] tx
n:gfsf] v08 l;F9L v'6l\ snf] . v'8\sf] gf)x]) v'6\sf] . v'tv'tL lqm) lj) [c) d") v't
\ c (l))] != s]xL d'v
286

vf]n], clncln xfF:g] uL lvtlvtL . @= k'mtk'mtL . v'tt ' t ' ' lqm) lj) [c) d") v't\
(;ft))] != lvTsf 5f8] xfF:g] uL lvltltlt . @= afSnf] tn kbfy{ vofpFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL
. v't's]{ gf)x]) v'q's] . v'Q lqm) lj) [c) d") vt\t] != yfxf glbO{sg (aflx lg:sg] ls
l;d) k'mQ . @= PSsfl;, ckem{6 (5fnf cflb v'Ong] jf pKsg] lsl;d) . v'lQg' c) lqm) [
v'QOg'] != 5fnf pKsg' 5fnf hfg' v'Olng' . @= u]sf] sfddf c;kmn x'g' (lgGbfsf] cy{df)
. #= gfz x'g' gfl;g' . $= dg'{ . %= ;]jf, kb cflbaf6 lgsflng' . ^= la:tf} lg:s] lxF
8\g' pDsg' . > v'ofO gf) v'lQg] sfd jf k|lqmof . v'ofOg' s) lqm) v'lQg] kflg' v'ONof
v'NSofOg' . v'ofpg' k|) ] lqm) != v'NSofpg' v'ONofpg' . @= hfluaf6 x6fpg' jf lgsfNg'
vf]:g' . v'qs ' ] gf) [v'qs ' P] ?k}ofFk};f l5fpg] Kjfn ePsf] sf7 jf wft'sf] sGt' uf
]ns v't's]{ . v'qS ' s lqm) lj) [c) d") v'qs ' \ s] != la:tf} (cf]n{g] lsl;d) . @=
v'q's\ cfjfh lg:sg] uL (;fgf]ltgf] dfn v:g] lsl;d) . #= ;lhn}l;t (dg]{ lsl;d) e't'
Ss . $= rfn} gkfOg] uL (cfpg] jf hfg] lsl;d) . v'b lj) [kmf)] != cfkm}F :jod\ . @=
jf:tljs vf; (v'b cfo, v'b gfkmf O)) . ~ cfo gf) nfut vr{ s6fP ar]sf] cfDbfgL jf:tljs
cfo rf]vf] gfkmf . ~ gfkmf gf) s'g} pBf]u, Joj;fo cflbdf nfu]sf] ;Dk"0f{ vr{ s6fO
{ afFsL x]sf] gfkmf vf; gfkmf v'b cfo . v'b/f gf)x]) v'b|f . v'bf gf) [kmf)] O{Zj b]
kdfTdf . v'bf] gf) [;+) OIf'bj | ] afSnf] n:;fbf n]bf] x'g] uL ksfOPsf] pv'sf] ; . ~
x'g ' 6') cfk"mn] eg]h:t} kl0ffd lg:sg' eg]h:tf] jf fd|f] x'g' . v'bf | gf) [kmf) v'
bf{, k|f) v'2, ;+) If'b] | != ;fgf]ltgf] j:t' k'm6s dfn;fdfg v'h'/f . @= laqmLsf lg
ldQ flvPsf w]} k|sfsf j:t' yf]}yf]} j:t' . ljk) yf]s . lj) $= v08 jf 6'qmfsf kdf x]
m6s rfgr'g . v'b|L gf) != ;fgf]ltgf] j:t' k'm6s dfn;fdfg . @= k'm6s k};f v'h'f .
f) ;fwf0f jf ;fgf]ltgf] j:t' rfgr'g ;;fdfg . ~ a]kfL gf) yf]y } f]} jf k'm6s lsl;ds
eGg j:t'sf] ljqm]tf ;fgfltgf dfn;fdfgxsf] a]kfL . v'g! gf) [kmf)] != dflg;, kz' cflb
sf gf8L g;fxdf x] zLe km}ng] ftf] tn kbfy{ ut . @= utn] zL ntkltg] uL ePsf]

287

v'gv'fkmft d'hf rfpL . @= s'v ' f, k]jf cflb xfNg agfOPsf] rf]ofsf] efF8f] . #= Ps k|
fsf] vf]6L . v'lDrg' c) lqm) [;+) s'~r g'] != d'hf kf] Psflt ;f]xf]lg' ;fF3'lg' .
fpL kg'{ . #= nlHht x'g' ;\sl' rt x'g' . $= rNgr6k6fpg gkfpg' . %= dg k'msfP s'g} sfd
'f ug{ gkfpg' . > v'DRofO gf) v'lDrg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . v'DRofOg' s) lqm) ;fF
3'ofOg' v'lDrg] kflg' . v'DRofpg' ;) lqm) != ;fF3'f] kfg'{ ;fF3'ofpg' . @= d'hf kfg'
pL kfg'{ . v'DRofx6 gf) v'lDrg] lqmof jf cj:yf . v'ld|g' c) lqm) [v'df | ] O g'] a'9f
] ;'Sb} uP zL v'lDrg' v'd|] x'g' v'lg|g' . v'd ]| lj) [v'df|
] P] != l3l;Psf] yf]l
. @= afx'nf sfl6Psf] (ef]6f], sldh O)) . #= a"9f] ePsf] . :qL) v'd|L . ~ lsf] gf)
ds} cflbsf h/fdf nfUg] ls/f] v'Dn]sLf] . v'df| ] gf) [;+) s'Ah<] a'9fOFn] s'lF hPs
f] jf bf]la|Psf] hfhL0f{ v'gf |] . v'Do|fO gf) [ v'ld| (ofO)] v'ld|g] lqmof jf k|lqmo
. [ > ] v'Do|fOg' s) lqm) v'Do|fpg] sfd ulg' . v'Do|fpg' ;) lqm) v'ld|g nfpg' v'ld|
g] kfg'{ . v'Dn] lj) [ s'Dn]] s'Dnf] af]s]h:tf] . ~ lsf] gf) x]) v'd|]sLf] . ~ a"9f]
f) ;fx|} a"9f] eO{ s'kf | ] k] lk7"d F f s'Dnf] af]s]h:tf] b]lvg] JolQm s'k|] a"9f]
. :qL) v'Dn] a"9L . v' gf) [;+)] ufO{a:t' cflb kz'sf] v'fdf x]sf], k|foM uf]n b'O{ e
fudf kmf6]sf] s8f 6]Sg] efu 6fk . v'Gwf gf) s'g} sfds'fdf Psf]xf]f] nfUg] sfd jf l:yl
s'g} sfds'f] kmQ] kfg{ dld]6\g] rfn tNnLgtf . v'd'lg' c) lqm) [;+) If] dflyaf6 tnlt
emg'{ v cflbaf6 vFuflg' . > v'd'ofO gf) v'd'lg] sfd jf k|lqmof . v'd'ofOg' s) l
lyaf6 tnlt emflg' . v'd'ofpg' k|) ] lqm) 7f8} dflyaf6 tnlt emfg'{ v;fNg] sfd ufpg'
f) [;+) v'] != h'Qfsf] s's'{Rrf . @= 9f]sfsf] tNnf] jf dflyNnf] cftLsf Kjfndf k:g]
vfkfsf] r'Rrf] efu . v'fs gf) [kmf) v"fs] != tfutsf lglDt vfOg] vfg]s'f vfB kbfy{ ef
hg . @= PskN6 jf Ps lbgdf vfOg] vfgfsf] dfqf jf kldf0f . #= Ps k6sdf vfg'kg]{ cf}
ifwLsf] dfqf jf kldf0f . > v'flsnf] lj) v'fs nfUg] vfnsf] tfultnf] kf]l;nf] kf}li6s
'fsL gf) != v'fssf nflu lbOg] wg jf j:t' ef]hg cflbsf] ;;fdfg . lj) #= v'fs vfg] . v'
mft gf) [c)] != ug{ gx'g] jf cnfO{ afwf kfg]{ vfnsf] sfds'f] p6k6f
pkw|f] . @= Hofb}
f]xL jf lauf kfg]{ s'fsfgL . > v'fkmftL lj) v'fkmft ug]{

gf) Pscsf{sf zLaf6 ut aUg] lsl;dn] ulg] dflk6 sf6df dfsf6 . > v'gL lj) v"g ug]{
ff] 3fts . v'g@ gf) [kmf) v"g] != vf]6 bf]if . @= bfu nf~5gf sn\s . #= 5'RRofOF .
) ugug srsr . v'gL lj) != v'g ePsf] bfuL bf]ifL . @= 5'Rrf] lsG6f]sL . v'Gofxf lj) !
ue\u ePsf] v'gL . @= sGh'; 5'Rrf] . v'lg|g' c) lqm) [v'gf | ] O g'] != a'9fOFn] zL
rg' v'ld|g' . @= lvOP jf bf]la|P sfd glbg] x'g' . v'g|] lj) [v'gf | ] P] lvOPsf] w]}
l;Psf] v'g|f] . ~ lsf] gf) ds} cflbsf hfdf nfUg] sfnf] sf] sLf] v'ds ]| Lf] . v'g|
gs} lbg sfd lnFbflnFbf lvOP a]sDdf ePsf] (s'6f], sf]bfnf], 8f8', kGo" O)) . v'lG;g'
c) lqm) [v':; O g'] != s'g} sfds'fdf l;n] 7'l:sg' 7':sg' . @= lvGg x'g' lrQ b'Vg' dg k
' . > v'G:ofO gf) v'lG;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . v'G:ofOg' s) lqm) v'G:ofpg] sfd ulg' 7'
::ofOg' . v'G:ofpg' k|) ] lqm) l;fpg] agfpg' 7':; kfg'{ . v'lkof gf) ;dfpg] s8f gnfu
]sf] v8\sf}n F f]h:tf] eft ksfpg] efF8f] . v'kL gf)x]) v'aL . v'kS ' s lqm) lj) [c
) d") v'k's\ s] != Ps} k6s lgNg] uL (vfg] lsl;d) . @= glau|g] uL (s'g} ;;fdfg fVg] lsl
;d) . v'kv ' k ' ' lqm) lj) [c) d") v'k \ p (l))] wdfwd s'ks ' k ' '. v'kr } f gf) [;
) If'k|] hldgdf pd|]sf 3fF;x v's{g] Ps k|sfsf] xltof v'kL{ . v'Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") v'
\ k] grkfO{sg Rjf lgNg] uL (vfg] lsl;d) . v'lkmof lj) [kmf)] n's] a;L ckfw, cjf~5gLo
tj cflb s'fsf] kQf nufpg] u'Kt kn] sfd ug]{ u'Ktr e]lbof . ~ k'ln; gf) != u'Kt kn]
lbsf] hfFr ug]{ ckfwLsf] kQf nufpg] ljefu . @= To; ljefusf] sd{rfL u'KtL k'ln; u'Ktr
. ~ ljefu gf) v'lkmof k'ln; u'Ktr ljefu . v'a lj) [kmf)] != w]} k|z:t Hofbf . @= ;a}
l;dn] fd|f] jf pQd al9of v'a . v'aLv'kL gf) [kmf) v"aL] != sfdsf] lgk'0ftf rnfsL ;Lk
@= fd|f] u'0f of]Uotf ljz]iftf . v'dfL gf) [kmf)] gzf pqg] a]nfdf jf hfufd a:tf x'g]
Nsf lsl;dsf] ysfj6 . v'Drg' c) lqm) [;+) s'~r g'] x]) v'lDrg' . v'Drf gf) [v'Dr cf] !=
5fnf rfpL kbf{ zLdf b]vf kg]{
~ vfaL

v'l/g'v'nf v'fkmft;DaGwL . v'lg' c) lqm) [vf] O g'] != wfg, hf}, ux'F cflb cGgsf] af
fs] jf ;'s] emg]{ cj:yfdf k'Ug' . @= cGgkft Hofbf ;'Sg' e'mlg' . v'lvG8 lj) [vf]Of]
;dfKt ;vfk lgMz]if vtd . (pbf) cr]n kfvfleQfx v'lv08 5g\, o;}n] 3fF; kfOFbg } ). v'?S
lqm) lj) [c) d") v'?s\ s] ;lhn}l;t s'g} afwfljf]wljgf (sfd ug]{ lsl;d) ;'?Ss . v'?v'?
lqm) lj) [c) d") v'\ p (l))] nuftf gf]sLsg (sfd ub}{ hfg] lsl;d) . v'?\uf] lj) w]}
f], kftnf] ;fgf] (8f8', kGo", xFl;of O)) . v's{g' ;) lqm) [;+) If's g'] != sf6\g] xlt
ofn] jf cGo s'g} ;fwgn] kmn, j[If cflbsf] af]qmf kmfNg' tf5\g' . @= aflx ;txdf pd|s
] f] jf 6fFl;Psf] s'g} j:t' s'6f], v'kL{ cflb xltofn] jf cGo s'g} ;fwgn] sf]g'{ p
Ksfpg' . > v'sf{O gf) v's{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . v'sf{Og' s) lqm) v's{g nfOg' t5fOg'
. v'sf{pg' k|) ] lqm) v'sg { nfpg' t5fpg' . v'ls{g' ;) lqm) v's{g' . v'rL{ gf) [kmf
) v'hL{] xfQL, 3f]8f, uf]? cflbnfO{ af]sfOg] efL xfNg] 7"nf] y}nf] . v'kf{ gf) [;+
) If'k|] != bfpf, :ofpnf, 8fn]3fF; cflb sf6\g] xFl;ofeGbf s]xL 7"nf] alnof] xltof .
@= hldgsf] 3fF; v's{g] kmnfdsf] kGo"h:tf] xltof . v'kf{gL gf) [kmf) v"afgL] cf?sf
h:tf kft k"mn x'g] cf?s} hftsf] Ps af]6 jf s]xL kx]Fnf], lrNnf] kmn nfUg] To;sf
] kmn . v'kL{ gf) [v'kf{ O{] ;fgf] v'kf{ v'k}Frf . v'k {] lj) [v'kf{ P] v'kf{h:tf] v'kf
;DaGwL v'kf{sf afGsLsf] . ~ rfb gf) != v'kf{sf] h:tf] cfsf ePsf] rGb|df c4{rGb| . @=
klxn]klxn] kmf}hL xjnbf cflbsf kuLdf bhf{ hgfpg hl8g] jf nufOg] rfFbLsf] cw{rGb| .
v'k]{6f] lj) [v'kf{P6f]] hLpdf le] v'kf{ xfNg] sf7sf] bfk v'k]{7fs . v'k]{7fs gf)
kf{n] h
\un kmfF8] cfafb u]sf] hUufhldg . @= v'kf{sf] bfk v'k]{6f] . v'{ lqm) lj) [c)
") v'\] l56f] uL t'?Gt (bf}8g] lsl;d) . v'f{6 F gf) [v' { cfF6] Hofb} rnfv JolQm
7f] dflg; . v'f{ gf) [v'{cf] u'n]nLsf] hf]t c8fpg] 8f]Lklsf] 6'Kkfsf] vfN6f] wg'df
8fpg k]Ghfsf jNnfkNnf 5]pdf agfOg] vfN6f] .
288

v' {] v'f] { lj) [;+) s[z] kftnf] ;fgf] lvO;s]sf] (tfKs], srf}f, 8f8' O)) . v'ln{
\
) af
\uf]l6
\uf] 6]9f]d]9f] jqm 6]9f] . v'nS '{ s lqm) lj) [c) d") v'ns {' \ s] v'n'S
Ss . v'nK {' k lqm) lj) [c) d") v'n'{k\k] != ;a} l;4fpg] uL (csf{sf] ePesf] hfoh]yf x
8Kg] lsl;d) . @= rfplP jf un] (b'Anfpg] rfn) . #= vfQv'Q (;a} s'f vfg] jf lgNg] lsl;
d) . v';f{gL gf) [v'f;fg (kmf; b]zsf] Ps k|fGt)O{] ltx'g, tsfL, crf cflbdf xflng]
f kdf ;d]t lnOg] nfDrf], sf];fsf cfsfsf], lkf] k|l;4 kmn . > v';f{g ] gf) nfDrf kft
x'g], ;fgf u'nfkmL k"mn k'mNg] k"mnleq laofF x'g], cfo'j]{bcg';f ;k{, laR5L cflbs
f] ljif gfz ug]{ u'0fn] o'Qm av]{ emf lrTnfFu] d"nvs]{ . v'l;{
gf) dLt]n cflbsf l6g j
c s'g} efL xfn] lk7"d F f af]Sg agfOPsf] sf7, a]t cflbsf] aff dfq ePsf] ;fwg . v'n\g
c) lqm) [;+) v'8 g'] != v'nf x'g' p3|g' k'm:sg' k'mSg' . @= aGwgaf6 d'Qm x'g' k'mSsf x
'g' 5f8f x'g' . #= gofF ljBfno, ;+:yf cflb ;'? x'g' . $= aGb ePsf] s'f km]l x'g yfN
g' jf rngdf cfpg' . %= gofF j:t' lg:sg' k|sflzt x'g' . ^= ;'xfpg' . &= :ki6 b]lvg
] x'g' 5n{\lug' . *= cy{ :ki6 x'g' . (= n's]sf] x:o cflb yfxf x'g' . v'nv'n lqm) lj)
[c) d") v'n \ c (l))] clncln cfjfh lgsfn] (yf]} kfgL aUg] lsl;d) . > v'nv'n ] gf) !=
kftnf] lb;f clncln eOxg] Ps f]u ;'n;'n] . @= emf8fafGtf x}hf pkt{nL . lj) #= v'nv'n
kfgL aUg] . v'nb'n gf) != s'g} s'f jf ljifosf af]df dgdf nfUg] pTs07f pT;'stf b'lawf
'nb'nL . @= dgsf] vnanL v}nfa}nf . > v'nb'nL gf) v'nb'n x'g] lqmof jf cj:yf v'nb'n
. v'ndv'nf lqm) lj) [v'nf (l))] v'n]cfd v'Nndv'Nnf . v'n:t lj) [c) v'nf;] != gn'sfO{
sg JoQm ulPsf] oyfy{ :ki6 ;kmf (egfO, aofg O)) . @= s'g} k|sfsf] afwfc8\sfp gePsf] .
#= km}lnPsf] lj:t[t . > v'n:TofO gf) v'n:t kfg]{ sfd v'n:tkg c;lGbUwtf . v'n:TofOg' s
lqm) v'n:t kflg' . v'n:Tofpg' ;) lqm) v'n:t jf :ki6 kfg'{ a'g ;lsg] uL k|:6fpg' . v'
f lj) [v'n\cf] != aGb gePsf] p3ff] pbf
\u . @= g5f]lkPsf] jf g9flsPsf] (5fgf, sf};L cf
b ) . #= afwfJojwfg jf f]s6f]s s]xL gePsf] . $= v'ndv'nf v'n:t . ~ cbfnt gf) != srxL
jf Ohnf; a;]sf a]nfsf] ;a}n] x]g{;'Gg kfpg] cbfntsf] ;ef . @= Ohnf;

289

v'nfOv"g dg kg]{ ;'Gb (v';va) . gf) $= OR5f . (pbf) v'; k] hfpm, gk] ghfpm) . vaL
Lsf] va jf ;dfrf ;'Gbf dg k|;Gg ufpg] va . v';v';] lj) [v';v';P] != cn] g;'Gg] uL
la:tf} s'f ug]{ ;fptL ug]{ v';v'; ug]{ . @= csf{sf] r'SnL nufpg] 5'Nofxf k]6fxf 3';
] . v';a' gf) [kmf) v'za"] != dL7f] af:gf ;'uGw ;f}e . @= cQ ;]G6 . v';ldhfh lj) [km
v'zldhfh] xF;d'v k|;Gg :jefjsf] k|;GglrQ . v';xfn lj) [kmf) v'zxfnL] ;'vL ;DkGg s'g}
s'fsf] sdL gePsf] . > v';xfnL gf) != v';xfn x'g] sfd jf cj:yf ;Gtf]if k|;Ggtf . @= h
foh]yf kof{Kt ePsf] cj:yf ;DkGgtf . v';fdb gf) [kmf) v'zfdb] cfgf] sfd k6fpg jf :jf
y{l;l4sf nflu s;}nfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ ulg] e"m6f] k|z+;f rfs8L rfkn';L . > v';fdbL lj) v'
;fdb ug]{ ldYof k|z; + f jf rfs8Lff :jfy{l;l4 ug]{ . v';L gf) [kmf) v'zL] != dgdf x'
g] ;'vb cg'el" t xif{ k|;Ggtf . @= dgsf] efj OR5f . > v';LofnL gf) v';L jf k|;Gg ePs
f] cj:yf xif{a9fOF . v';S ' s lqm) lj) [c) d") v';s ' \ s] != cn] rfn gkfpg] uL (s]x
L j:t' n}hfg] lsl;d) ;'6'Ss . @= cnfO{ yfxf glbO{ jf cn] yfxf gkfpg] uL (hfg] jf efU
g] lsl;d) v'?Ss n';'Ss . #= yfxf gkfOg] uL (ufF7f] cflb k'm:sg] lsl;d) . v';'v';' lq
m) lj) [c) d") v'; \ p (l))] cn] rfn gkfpg] uL (s'f nfpg] lsl;d) . v':sg' c) lqm) [v
nf] g'] != k'm:sg' v'Ng' . @= d'Qm x'g' 5'6\g' . #= lau|g' (lbdfu) . $= r'Sg' e'Ng' .
%= gfz x'g' dg'{ . ^= pDsg' efUg' . &= u'h|g' laTg' . > v':sfO gf) v':sg] jf v':sfp
g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . v':sfOg' s) lqm) v':sg nfOg' k'msfOg' vf]lng' . v':sfpg' k|])
lqm) != k'msfpg' vf]Ng' pDsfpg' k'mTsfpg' . ;) lqm) @= rfkn';L jf nf]nf]kf]tf] u] s;}
af6 s'g} j:t' lng' jf xft kfg'{ . v'l:sg' c) lqm) != k'ml:sg' . @= x]) v':sg' . v
';S '| s lqm) lj) [c) d") v';|'s\ s] != yfxf glbO{sg (s'g} j:t' n}hfg] lsl;d) v';'Ss
. @= lklg] jf lxDdt xfpg] uL d'v lgGofpf] x'g] lsl;dn] lvl;|Ss . #= 3';g | ] uL . $
;}n] kQf gkfO{sg (dg]{ lsl;d) 3';S '| s . v':; lqm) lj) [c) d") v';\ ;] cn] rfn gkfpg
] uL sfg]v; ' L jf ;fptL ug]{ rfnn] v';S 's. v"g gf) x]) v]g! .

jf d'2fsf] ax; rlnx]sf] cbfnt . ~ d~r gf) ;fj{hlgs ;ef, ;dff]x cflb x'Fbf hg;fwf0f e
]nf x'g] jf ;a}n] x]g{, ;'Gg ;Sg] v'nf 7fpF . v'nfO gf) [ v'n\ (cfO)] v'Ng] efj jf
k|lqmof . [v'nfpcfO] gf) v'nfpg] efj jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v'nfOg' s) lqm) v'nf kflg' v
'Ng nfOg' . v'nfpg' k|) ] lqm) != v'nf kfg'{ pbf
\uf] ufpg' . @= :ki6 jf v'n:t kfg'{
. #= afwfc8\sfp k'msfpg' . $= aGwgaf6 5'6fpg' d'Qm kfg'{ . %= ;'xfpg] t'Nofpg' .
v'nf;f lj) [c) v'nf;] !=;fkm;fkm, ;kmf :ki6 . @= v'n:t,v'nf . v'n'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d
") v'ns ' \ s] Ps} rf]l6 jf gf]lsg] uL (vfg] jf lgNg] lsl;d), v'n{'Ss, ;nSs . \ pN
n] cln r8\sf 5fF6n] v'nN ' n lqm) lj) [c) d") v'n (kfgL aUg] lsl;d) ;nNn ;'n'Nn . (p
bf) v]tsf] kfgL lgsf; kfpgf;fy v'nN ' n aU5) . v'nc ] fd lqm) lj) [v'nfcfd] ;a}sf]
;fd' ljgf9fs5f]k v'Nndv'Nnf . v'lNsg' [;+) If's O g'] != zLsf f}F jf e'Tnf lgSng'
= ln\usf] 5fnf pqg' jf ;f]xf]lg' . #= dflQg' lgk'mlNsg' 5]qmfpg' . $= ;f]r]h:tf] kl0f
fddf gk'Ug' jf c;kmn x'g' . > v'NSofO gf) v'lNsg] sfd jf k|lqmof . v'NSofOg' s) lq
m) v'lNsg nfOg' v'ONofOg' . v'NSofpg' k|]) lqm) != sfl6O;s]sf v;L, af]sf cflbsf f}F
nfO{ tftf] kfgL xfn] v'ls{g' v'ONofpg' . ;) lqm) @= fd|f] kl0ffddf k'Ug g;s]sf jf c;
kmn ePsfnfO{ lv:ofP Jo\Uo ug'{ . v'NSofx6 gf) v'NSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof v'NSofO . v
'Nndv'Nnf lqm) lj) [kmf) v'Nnd v'Nnf] 9fs5f]k s]xL guLsg v'n:tl;t v'nc ] fd . v'jf! gf
[;+) Iff]b] | w]} a];Dd b"w ksfpFb} 3f]6\b} u] agfOPsf], k]8f cflb ld7fO{ agfOg] vf
B kbfy{ s'fpgL . v'jf@ gf) f0ffzf;gdf ljleGg kbsf f]njfnfxsf] xftvr{sf nflu p7tL kfpg
uL kbcg';f 7]lsPsf hUuf Ps lsl;dsf] latf{ . ~ vfGsL gf) != v'jfaf6 cfpg] tna dlxgfjf
j]tg . @= 7]lsPsf] j:t' jf sd . #= vjfO vfgf . ~ vfGuL gf) v'jf vfGsL . v'jfO gf) [ v
'jfp (cfO)] v'jfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v'jfOg' s) lqm) vfg nfOg' ef]hg ufOg' .
v'jfpg' k|) ] lqm) [vfcfpg'] vfg nfpg' jf lbg' ef]hg ufpg' . v'; lj) [kmf) v'z] != c
f] l:ylt jf kll:ylt;Fu k"} ;Gt'i6 ePsf] k|;Gg . @= cfk"m jf c s;}ff ulPsf] sfo{af6 ;
]if cg'ej ug]{ cfglGbt . #= Koff], fd|f] jf

v"av]n\g' v"a lj) x]) v'a . v]r lj) [;+)] cfsfzdf 3'Dg] jf rxfg]{ (u|x, b]jtf, afbn,
rfr'?\uL, ljdfg cflb) uugljxfL cfsfzufdL Jof]dr . v]rL gf) [;+)] cfsfzdf rxfg]{ jf
(kf]yL rfr'?\uL cflb hLj jf b]jL, fIf;L cflb) . ~ u'l6sf gf) d'vdf xfNbf cfsfzdfu{af
6 hfg ;Sg] zlQm k}bf x'g] elgPsf] u'l6sf jf uf]nL . ~ d'bf | gf) lha|f] tfn'df n
uL b[li6 e|d " Wodf s]lGb|t ug]{ Ps d'bf | . v]t gf) [;+) If]q] != ufufdf afFl8Psf]
cfnL nufO{, kfgL hdfP wfgsf] v]tL ulg] hldg wfg f]Kg] hUuf . @= kRrL; f]kgLafasf]
jf To:tf] hUufsf] gfkf] . ~ afL gf) wfg f]Kg] v]t ds} cflb f]Kg] kfvf] afL v]t a
v]tfL gf) wfg jf sf]bf] f]Kg] cfO{dfO{ f]kfxf f]kf . v]tfn] lj) [v]tfnf] P] v]tf
f] v]tfnfsf] h:tf] v]tfnfsf] . v]tfnf] gf) [;+) If]qkfn > v]tjfn] Hofnf lnP v]t, afLd
f sfd ug]{ JolQm kfl>lds lnP csf{sf] sfd ;3fpg] JolSt Hofnfbf . v]tL gf) [v]t O{] !=
afLdf cGg cflb k}bf ug]{ sfd vghf]tb]lv afnL gleofP;Dd ulg] hldgsf] ;a} sfd s[lif ls;
gL . @= afnL pAhf . ~ ls;fgL gf) v]tLkftL . kftL gf) v]tL;DaGwL sfd v]tLls;fgL s[lif
. jfn gf) v]tLsf] k];f ePsf] JolQm s[ifs ls;fg . v]b \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) v]b g'] != wD
jf t;f{P sxLFaf6 ank"js { eufpg' jf x6fpg' nv]6g \ ' n3fg'{ wkfpg' . @= bk]6\g' ;tfpg
' . #= 6f]s:g' . v]b gf) [;+)] != cb"blz{tfn] ubf{ hfgLhfgL jf xf]; gk'uL s'g} fd|f
] sfd ug{ r'ss ] f] kl0ffd:jk dgdf pTkGg x'g] kZrfQfk . @= s;}sf] clk|o af]nLjrg,
Jojxf cflbsf lj?4 b;f{Og] Iff]e . #= pQm kZrfQfk, Iff]e cflbsf lglDt lgsflng] zAb
, ulg] O;ff jf b]vfOg] d'b|f . $= lrGtf dfgl;s kL8f dfgl;s si6 . v]bf gf) [v]b\ cf] !=
xfQLsf] l;sf h\unL xfQLnfO{ kqmg] tlsf . @= jGo hGt'nfO{ nv]6], v]b] jf wkfP rf}lt
lPsf] 7fpFdf km;fO{ jf nvtfg kfL jzdf Nofpg] sfd (afhv]bf, xfQLv]bf, u}+8fv]bf O))
. v]bfO gf) [ v]b\ (cfO)] v]b\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v]bfOg' s) lqm) v]b\g
nfOg' nv]6fOg' . v]bfpg' k|) ] lqm) v]bg \ nfpg' nv]6fpg' . v]lbg' s) lqm) v]b\g] s
fd ulg' nv]l6g' . v]bj ' f lj) [v]b \ pjf] != v]lbPsf] nv]l6Psf] . @= wkfOPsf]
290

n3flPsf] . v]bk ] fOnf] gf) [v]b\PkfOnf]] != kfOnf] klg l6Sg glbg] vfnsf] v]bf] kfOnf
kfOnfdf v]bf] vGg] sfd . @= a:g jf l6Sg gx'g] uL kfOn}lkR5] ulg] lgGbf jf clxt sfo
{ . v]bf] gf) [v]b \ cf]] != s'g} sf0fn] jf sf0fljgf klg s;}sf] lrof]rrf]{ ub}{ a:gl
6Sg glbg] k|of; O{iof{ jf zq'tfjz csf] hf]sLnf] df:g vf]Hg] sfds'f] vf]Of] pl5Qf] 6
] . @= l;sf clxf] . v]k \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) If]k g'] != s'g} dfn;fdfg k6sk6s uL cf];fk
{ v]k ug'{ . @= lgjf{x ug'{ u'hfg ug'{ wfGg' y]Ug' . ] jf v]k gf) [k|f) v]Kk < ;+) If
k] != Ps k6sdf v]k af]s ] nlug] dfn;fdfg . @= To:tf] dfn;fdfg cf];fk;f ubf{sf] k6s .
#= Jofkf cflbsf] ofqf . $= k6s kN6 aflh rf]l6 . v]kj ' f lj) [v]k \ pjf] != k6sk6s
{ cf];flPsf] v]k xfn]sf] jf v]k xfNg] . @= v]Kg] :jefjsf] cf];fg]{ . #= v]k u] hLljsf
rnfpg] (JolQm) . v]df gf) [c) v]d] c:yfoL tjn] agfOg] k|foM afSnf] sk8f cflbsf] e
'mk|f] lzlj kfn . v]\g' s) lqm) [ s]g'{] s]sf ug'{ s]g'{ . v]! lqm) lj) [;+) If
g (v] hfg', v] kmfNg', v] xfNg' O)) . v]@ gf) of]) [k|f) v0f < ;+) If0f] ;dodf l5gdf
nfdf avtdf . (pbf) pm sltv] uof] <) . v]fO gf) [ v]\ (cfO)] v]g]{ efj, lqmof jf k|l
. [ > ] v]fOg' s) lqm) v]g{ nfOg' s]fOg' . v]fpg' k|) ] lqm) v]g{ nfpg' s]fpg' . v]
lj) [v]O] ;dodf a]nfdf avtdf . (pbf) p;n] oxfF cfpFbfv]l dnfO{ e]6f]) . v]n \ g' ;
[;+) v]n\ g'] != wg nufP jf gnufO{sg xflhtsf] afhLdf ;lDdlnt x'g' tf;h'jf cflbsf] v]n
df ;fd]n x'g' . @= dg axnfpg, Jofofd ug{ jf ;do latfpgsf lglDt s'g} v]naf8df efu
lng' fli6o jf cGtfli6o cflb v]nk|ltof]lutfdf ;fd]n x'g' . (pbf) o; jif{sf] k'm6an k
of]lutfdf ljb]zaf6 klg s]xL l6d k'm6an v]Ng cfpFb} 5g\) . #= gf6s cflbdf clego u
g'{ gfrtdf;f ug'{ . $= Jofkfdf k};f nufpg' pBf]uJoj;fodf wg vr{ ug'{ . c) lqm) %= d
gdf zAb, ljrf cflbsf] ts{ljts{ pAhg' ePgePsf s'f dgdf pAhg' . ^= cfk"meGbf alnof];u
F h'Wg' . (pbf) pm af3;Fu v]lnx]sf] 5) . &= xfjfn] xfFuf, kft cflb xNng' . *= xif
{ cflbn] dg k|;Gg x'g' . (= ;fgf afnsx s'g} j:t', ljrf jf rfndf

291

v]nv} pQm v]ksf] ;fdu|Lsf kdf k|of]u ulg] dfn;fdfg . v]jf@ gf) [ lvofp] != gfp jf 8'
faf6 gbL kf ubf{ lnOg] dx;'n gfpaf6 gbL tf]sf] Hofnf . @= gbL tg]{ jf tfg]{ sfd .
v]jo } f gf) [lvofpP]of] != gfp, 8'
\uf cflb lvofP gbL tfg]{ JolQm dfemL af]6] dNnfx
= s'g} b'Mv, ;
\s6af6 kf nufpg] JolQm . v]; gf) [kmf) v]z] Hofb} df]6f] wfufn] a'g]s
f] Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . v];Lv];fL gf) lxpFbdf tfO{lt e'O{Fnxfdf kmNg] bfn hfltsf] Ps y
. v];f | gf) [ v;|f] ] s'g} sfutkq, n]vrgf cflbsf] ;;tL n]lvPsf] k d;f}bf k|fk .
| ] gf) ;fgf]ltgf] sfut ;fwf0f lsl;dsf] jf vf; dxj gePsf] sfutsf] 6'qmf] . v}! gf) !=
s'g} s'f yfxf kfpg ulg] vf]hLlgtL lrof]rrf]{ . @= s'g} ljifosf] ;f]wk'5 s]sf . v}@
[k|f) vO] kmnfd, lkQn, bfFt cflbdf nfUg] s; lvof vO{ sfO{ . v}# lgkf) [ vf]O] lj:do,
lbSbfL, clgZro, a]jf:tf, ufnL cflb a'emfpg] cJoo . (pbf) v}, dnfO{ t yfxf 5}g . v
}, t]f] rfnf t lgsf] 5}g x} ) . v}r g' ;) lqm) [ lvRg'] != s'g} j:t'nfO{ ank"js { cf
"mlt lvRg' jf tfGg' . @= s;}sf] Wofg cfk"mlt cfslif{t ug'{ . #= vr{ sd ug'{ lskmfot
ug'{ . $= zlQm jf k|efjn] cfgf] kIfdf ldnfpg' sfa"df fVg' P]r F df Nofpg' . > v}r F
fO gf) v}Frg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . v}r fpg' k|]) lqm) v}Frg nfpg' tfGg nfpg' .
v}l rg' c) lqm) tflgg' sl;g' . v}h8L gf) 8Dk'mh:tf] t 8Dk'meGbf s]xL ;fgf] x'g], 3]
k|foM d'h'f hl8Psf], Psflt dfq 5fnfn] dl9Psf], ehgsLt{g cflbdf ahfOg] k|l;4 Ps tf
nafhf . > v}h 8] lj) != s'g} kj{, pT;j jf ef]het]df g8fsLsg cfpg] lgDtf]ljgf klg ;l
Ddlnt x'g] . @= lgDTofOPsf JolQmsf ;fy kl5 nfu] cfpg] s;}sf] k'R5 eP lxF8\g] . #= v}
Fh8L ahfP lxF8\g] . v}va gf) [vf]Ova] != vf]hva xfnva . @= cj:yfljz]ifsf] s'f] jf
. v}gL gf) [lx)] r"g ldnfP vfOg] ;'tL{sf kftsf] gzfbf w"nf] . v}dn gf) 9f]sfdf tfNr
f dfgf{sf lglDt hl8g] ;fwg vNdf . v} gf) [kmf)] != s'zn If]d s'znd
\un . cJo) @= h] e
eof], s]xL lkmqmL 5}g eGg] hgfpg k|of]u ulg] pb\uf c:t' .

PSn} jf ;fd"lxs kdf cndlng' . v]n gf) [;+)] != dg axnfpg jf lbg sf6\gsf lglDt ulg]
sfd dgf]ljgf]b v]naf8 qmL8f . @= Jofofdsf nflu ulg] sfds'f] (skbL{sf] v]n, es'G8f]sf]
v]n O)) . #= wg sdfpg ulg] dgf]~hgk"0f{ sfd tdf;f (hfb'sf] v]n) . $= nLnf . %= rfn
afhL k]r . ^= clt ;lhnf] jf t'R5 sfd . &= ljlrq jf cb\et ' sfd (efUosf] v]n, b}jL
v]n) . *= hfn em]n . s'b gf) dg axnfpg jf Jofofdsf lglDt v]Ng] jf s'b\g] sfd v]n qm
L8f . vfn gf) != if8\oGq hfnem]n 5nsk6 . @= tGqdGqk"j{ssf] df0f, df]xg, pRrf6g cflb
clerfaf6 x'g] afwf . #= r'SnLrfSnL sgL 5]8k]r . axf8af8 gf) != ;fdfGo v]n jf qmL8fs
f ulg] sfd v]nfFrL VofnVofn Vofn7f . @= lbn axnfpg] sfd dgf]ljgf]b . #= a]jf:tf x]nr
|fOF . > v]naf8L gf) v]naf8 ug]{ v]nf8L . v]nfrL gf) [v]ncfFrL] != s'g} sfds'f] uDeL
y glng] rfn VofnVofn Vofn7f . @= x]nr]So|fOF . v]nf gf) [;+)] != qmL8f v]n . @= \ud~
k|blz{t ulg] s'g} v]n (gfr, gf6s, rnlrq O)) . #= hfb' 6'gf . v]nfO gf) [ v]n\ (cfO)]
v]Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] v]nfOg' s) lqm) v]Ng nfOg' grfOg' . v]nfpg' k|
) ] lqm) != gf6s cflbdf clego ufpg' grfpg' gfRg nfpg' . @= v]Ng nfpg' . #= s;}nfO{
q:t jf b'MvL kfg'{ . v]nf8L lj) [v]n \ cf8L] != ;w}F jf afa v]lnxg] v]ns'bdf ?lr ePsf
v]Ng] afgL ePsf] . @= es'G8f], a'l4rfn cflb v]ndf kf]Vt v]Ng l;kfn' . gf) #= v]ns
'bdf ;lqmo tyf lgk'0f JolQm . v]lng' s) lqm) [v]n\Og'] v]Ng] sfd ulg' . v]nL v]nL [v]
n \ O{ (l))] != ;lhnf]l;t x]nn } ] ljgfkl>d cgfof;} . gf) @= v]Ng] sfd v]n (afnaf]nL
. v]n'jf lj) [v]n\pjf] != w]} v]Ng] v]naf8 ug]{ . @= km:sf] v's'nf] k'msf] . v]nf]
[v]n\cf]] JofkfJoj;fo cflbdf gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] k'FhL nufpg] sfd Joj;fo pBd a]kf
msf]{k'msf]{ gf) vlblaqmLsf] k];f aGba]kf v]nf] . v]nf}gf gf) [v]n\ cf}gf] != s]6fs
]Ng] k'tnL cflb ;fdfg . @= v]naf8sf] ;fdu|L . #= csf{sf] O;ffdf gfRg] dflg; s7k'tn
L . v]jf gf) s'g} sfds'fsf] yfngL k|fDe ;'? . (pbf) ltd|f] f]kfOF ;lsP5, cfgf] t v
ePsf] 5}g) . ljk) d}emff] . v]jf! gf) [k|f) v]k] != Jofkf cflbsf dfn;fdfg Ps 7fpFaf
6 csf]{ 7fpFdf k'ofpg] sfd v]k cf];fk;f . @=

v}ft ] vf]Rof
vf]Rof
v}ft ] lj) [c) v}ftP] != lgDg txsf] tNnf] sIffsf] . @= c;Eo
bf] . #= dfUg] :jefjsf] e'mq] emfd|] . $= n]gb]g cflbsf] Jojxfdf gldNg] . v}f gf) [
;+) vlbcf] != vosf] 7]Ssf lng] JolQm . lj) @= vo;DaGwL vosf] (h
\un) . v} ] lj) [v}
}f]
sf] (s's' cflb) . @= sfd gnfUg] a]sDdf . v}]gL gf) [voPgL] != vosf] jg k|z:t
vo3fL . @= :yfgsf] gfd . v}f] lj) [;+) vlb] != vosf] h:tf]
sf] k'm;|f]
\usf] k'
m;|f]
. ~ kfgL gf) hfF8S;L . ~ a]t gf) wfk gePsf jgh\undf pd|g], 8fF7 kftdf sf]lk
sfF8f x'g], alnof] rfd|f], ;'s]kl5 t];f]{ lrflrf kg]{ Ps k|sfsf] kfgLa]t . v}nfa}nf
gf) [ vnan] vnan xNnfvNnf sf]sf]xf]nf] . vf]r gf) x]) vf]r . vf]O lgkf) s'g} sfds'
f cu|;tf a'emfpg] lj:do, a]jf:tf cflb hgfpg] lj:dofTds tyf k|ZgfTds cJoo v} . (pbf
) fd vf]O stf uof] < vf]O bfO d clu hfG5') . vf]O] lj) [vf]Of] P] vf]Of] nfu]sf] v
] v'On] . vf]Of]! gf) [;+) vNjf6] != dflg;sf 6fpsf]sf f}F v'Olng] jf d'8'nf] x'g] Ps
f]u . @= kz' cflbsf cfsf] f}F emg]{ f]u . vf]Of]@ gf) [ vf]gf{] != s]f, lkF8fn' cf
sGb jf ufgfdf nfUg] Ps hftsf] sLf] . @= v]bf] clxf] . vf]Onf] gf) pv', bfld, sfutL cf
lb k]n ] ; lemls;s]kl5 ar]sf] 5f]qmf vf]:6f] 6'vn . vf]s \ g' ;) lqm) [vf]sL g'] 3fF6
] skm lgsfNg jf ;s;sL d]6\g VjfsVjfs zAb lgsfNg' VjfsVjfs zAbsf ;fy Zjf;gnLaf6 j]
u;lxt jfo' lgsfNg' . vf]s gf) [ vf]r] != s'g' k]sf] 7fpF ;;fgf] vf]r . @= v]tsf] lxn
f] ;DDofpg] sf7 lnF8'Ns] x]Fuf . vf]sn\g' ;) lqm) [ vsfNg'] d'vdf kfgL xfn] s'n's'n'
fjfh cfpg] uL ;kmf ug'{ s'Nnf ug'{ vsfNg' . > vf]snfO gf) vf]sNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . vf]slng' s) lqm) vf]sNg] sfd ulg' s'Nnf ulg' . vf]sfO gf) [ vf]s\ (cfO)] vf]Sg
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]sfOg' s) lqm) vf]Sg nfOg' VjfsVjfs ufOg' . vf]sfpg'
k|]) lqm) vf]Sg nfpg' VjfsVjfs ufpg' . vf]sf gf) [vf]scf] v]tdf ulg] f]kfOFdf vf]s
7f rnfpg] xnL . vf]lsg' s) lqm) [vf]s\Og'] VjfsVjfs ulg' vf]Sg]
292

sfd ulg' . vf]lsd gf) ftf 8fF7, v;|f, v}f kft v}/} k"mn x'g], 8fF7sf] tsfL jf crf
] hf lkFwL xf8 efFlrPsf 7fpFdf cf}ifwLsf kdf nufOg] Ps af]6 . vf]lsnf] gf) [ sf]v] !
= afx'nfjfn n'ufsf] sfvLsf] efu . @= dfG5]sf] zLsf] sfvLnufot To;n] :kz{ ug]{ s
cflb
sf] efu . vf]sL gf) [;+) sf;] 3fF6Ldf v;v; nfu] lg:sg] cfjfh vf]Sg] f]u sfF;f] . vf]S
kf gf) h
\unL hgfjn] cfwf vfO{ afFsL 5f8]sf] l;sf . vf]lqmg' c) lqm) [vf]qmf] O g'] @=
u'bL jf ;f gePsf] x'g' vf]qmf] x'g' . @= vfnL x'g' lQf] x'g' llQg' . #= zlQm jf ;Dkl
gePsf] x'g' . vf]qm] lj) [vf]qmf] P] llQPsf] vf]lqmPsf] vf]qmf] . ~ l;dL gf) ;]tf k"m
nfdfnfdf k'i6 sf];f x'g] l;dLsf] nxf] jf To;}sf sf];fleqsf] bfgf . vf]qmf] lj) [ v
'sn ' f]] leqkl vfnL ePsf] leq s]xL gePsf] lQf] . vf]So|fO gf) [ vf]lqm (ofO)] vf]lq
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]So|fOg' s) lqm) vfnL kflg' lofOg' vf]qmf] kflg' .
So|fpg' k|]) lqm) leq vfnL kfg'{ lofpg' vf]qmf] kfg'{ . vf]vf gf) uf]nLsf] vf]n . vf]
\ L gf) s'v'f xflng] rf]ofsf] sf]qmf] k'mn'{
. vf]r gf) [ v'Drf] != b'O{ kxf8sf aLrsf
ulxf] ;fF3'f] 7fpF vf]Rofk|f] 7fpF vfFr . @= kxf8L 9fndf kfgL au] ulxlPsf] hldg .
s'o]Fqf] . vf]rf gf) [vf]rf]sf] lt) )] d]sf JolQmsf] lslof ubf{ P3ff}F lbgsf lbg 38fs
f k|tLs dfg] aufOg] Ps;f] kftsf tLg ;o ;f7Lj6f b'gf . vf]lrg' c) lqm) [;+) v~h O g'] uf
8fdf 3fprf]6 nfUgfn] jf s'g} sf0fjz uf]8f nfdf]5f]6f] x'gfn] n]RofP jf vf]RofP lxF8
g \ ] x'g' . vf]r ] gf) [;+) s'~r] df5f dfg]{ ;fwg v'Fuf] vf]tf] . fd|f] s'f]nfO{ klg
a\UofP gfd|f] cy{ lgsfNg] sfd lgx'F la7fOF c8\sf] vf]t] . vf]rf] gf) [vf]r cf]]
agfOPsf] b'g' . vf]RofO gf) [ vf]lr (ofO)] vf]lrg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]Rof
Og' s) lqm) lxFl8g' nFu8fOg' . vf]Rofpg' ;) lqm) [;+) v~hofpg'] uf]8fdf 3fprf]6 nfUgf
n] jf uf]8f nfdf]5f]6f] x'gfn] n]RofP jf vf]RofP lxF8g \ '. vf]Rof
vf]Rof
lqm) lj) [c)
d") vf]Rof
\c (l))]

293

vf]Rof
\uf | ] vf]k8L] vf]6fO gf) [ vf]6fp (cfO)] vf]6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
g' s) lqm) df:g] sfd ulg' 36fOg' . vf]6fpg' ;) lqm) [vf]l6ofpg'] != vr{ ug'{ df:g'
] lqm) @= 36fpg' sd ug'{ . vf]t\g' ;) lqm) [vf]t g'] x]) vf]tNg' . vf]t gf) [;+) st
L s'f] ksfpFbf 89] efF8fleq kLFwx'Fbf] hDg] kfk|f] . vf]tfO gf) [ vf]t\ (cfO)] vf]tg
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]tfOg' s) lqm) vf]tg{ nfOg' vf]tnfOg' . vf]tfpg' k|]) lqm)
vf]tg{ nfpg' vf]tnfpg' . vf]tlg' c) lqm) vf]tg]{ sfd x'g' vf]tlng' . | sg s'g} j:t'
vf]tn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) Iff]bg] != vgLvf];L lemSg' lgsfNg' vf];g | ' . @= otfpltaf6 fd
|L vGg' vf]bNg' . #= Kjfn kfg'{ . $= s'f w'Tg' . > vf]tnvftn gf) != vGg] jf vf];|g]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= hd]sf] jf fd|L flvPsf] j:t'nfO{ c;fjwfgLsf ;fy xftn] jf s'g}
;fwgn] x'F8Ng] sfo{ . #= vf]hvfh . $= csf{n] n'sfPsf] x:osf] pb\3f6g ug]{ sfo{ .
vf]tnfO gf) vf]tNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . vf]tnfOg' s) lqm) vf]tNg nfOg' . vf]tn
fpg' k|) ] lqm) vf]tNg nfpg' . vf]tlng' s) lqm) vf]tNg] sfd ulg' . vf]t ] gf)x]) vf]
r] . vf]lQg' c) lqm) [vlQ g'] != vlQg' . @= 5fnf vf]lN;g' . > vf]ofO gf) vf]ofpg] lqmo
jf k|lqmof . vf]ofOg' s) lqm) vf]ofpg] sfd ulg' . vf]ofpg' ;) lqm) != vGofpg' . @= 5
nf vf]N:ofpg' . vf]b\g' ;) lqm) [;+) v'8 \ g'] != s'6f], sf]bfnf], sf]bfnL, rfFb] c
flbff hldgsf] df6f] cf]N6fOkN6fO ug'{ vGg' vf];g | ' sf]fpg' . @= s'Fb\g' vf]Kg' .
\g' ;) lqm) x]) vf]tNg' . vf]bfO gf) [ vf]b\ (cfO)] vf]b\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
vf]bfOg' s) lqm) vf]b\g nfOg' vf]b\g] sfd ufOg' . vf]bfpg' k|) ] lqm) vf]bg \ nfpg'
. vf]k\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) v'k} g'] != l5gf] cflb ;fwgn] sf7, 9'\uf cflbdf Kjfn kfg'{ vf]
lkN6f] kfg'{ s'Fb\g' . @= 3, hfFtf] cflbdf bfFt lgsfNg' . #= zLtnfj]w ug'{ lakmsf] 6
Lsf nufpg' . $= f]Kg' uf]Eg' . vf]k! gf) ljz]if lsl;dsf f]u nfUg'af6 klxn]b]lv hf]lu
g zLdf 6Lsf nufpg] sfd . vf]k@ gf) [k|f) v'Kk] b'O{ kxf8sf aLrsf] ;f\u|f] 7fpF vf]r .
vf]k# gf) [;+) Iff]e] s;}sf k|lt dgleq u9]sf] s'g} clk|o jf b'Mvb s'f] . vf]k8L gf
) [;+) vk{] != 6fpsfsf] ;aeGbf dflysf] xf8

vf]Rofpg] uL (nFu8f] dflg; lxF8g \ ] rfn) . ] vf]RofP lxF8g \ ] nFu8f] . vf]Rof\uf|

] lj) [c) d") vf]Rof\ u|f] vf]Rofk|f ] lj) [vf]r ofk|f] ] vf]r k]sf] (7fpF+) . \ g'] !=
xfPsf] jf kQf gnfu]sf] vf]h\g' ;) lqm) [;+) v'h j:t' kQf nufpg] sf]l;; ug'{ vf]hL ug
'{ tnf; ug'{ vf]htnf; ug'{ . @= s'g} s'f kfpg] r]i6f ug'{ cGj]if0f ug'{ . #= rfxgf u
g'{ OR5f ug'{ . vf]h gf) [vf]h\ c] vf]h ug]{ sfd vf]hL cGj]if0f . va gf) vf]htnf;
gf) vf]Hg]jg]{ sfd vf]htnf; . tnf; gf) vf]hL vf]hva . d] n gf) vf]hvfh vf]hL vf
d . vf]hL gf) [vf]h O{] vf]Hg] sfd vf]h . lgtLlgwL gf) != s'g} sfds'fdf rf;f] lnP u
]hL . @= s'g} ljifosf] oyfy{ ;f]wk'5 . vf]6 gf) [;+) Iff]6] != s'g} gfd|f] cff]k jf
cfIf]k bf]if . @= cju'0f b'u'{0f . #= ckh; . vf]6flsnf gf) [v'6f] sLnf] klx/f] yfDg
jf gbL cflbsf lsgf arfpg 7f]lsg] sf7, afF; cflbsf sLnf jf 3f]rf . vf]6f gf) g]kfn c
lwfHosf] k"jf{~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ ;udfyf c~rnsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . vf]6frng gf) [v
f]6f] rng] != lgwf{lt u'0f:tcg'k geO{ k|rlnt sfg'gsf b[li6df bf]ifo'Qm dflgg] dfn;fdf
gsf] Jojxf . @= ;sfaf6 cg'dlt glnO{ 9s, dfgf, kfyL, uh, ld6 cflbsf] cfk"mv';L ulPsf]
rng . vf]6f6s gf) [vf]6f] 6s] s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] agfPsf] cj}w ?lkofF, df]x, k};f
cflb . vf]l6g' c) lqm) [vf]6f] O g'] != bf]ifo'Qm x'g' vf]6f] x'g' . @= vr{ eP sd x'g'
6\g' dfl;g' . #= vlt x'g' gf]S;fg x'g' . vf]6L! lj) [vf]6 O{] != vf]6 ePsf] bf]ifL . @
= ;fx|} 5'Rrf] sGh'; . #= 5f]6f] lrQ ePsf] sk6L . vf]6L@ gf) [vf]6 O{] 3fpdf nufOg] v
f]6f]af6 ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] cf}ifwL . vf]6]qf] gf) [vf]6f] Pqf]] j[Ifsf kmn jf xfFufl
aFufdf vf]6f] nfUg] jf hDg] f]u . vf]6] ;Nnf] gf) [vf]6f] ;Nnf]] vf]6f] lg:sg] Ps yL
;Nnf] cf}n];Nnf] lbofn];Nnf] . vf]6f]! gf) != ;Nnf cflbsf] vdf rf]6 nfu] jf gnfu]} lg
sg] n]:ofOnf] kbfy{ ;'s]sf] jf g;'s]sf] To:tf] rf]k . @= n}gf ufO{e}F;L cflbsf] b"
w ku|g'eGbf cufl8 cfpg] Rof6Rof6] kbfy{ . vf]6f]@ lj) != Jojxfdf grNg] bfu nfu]sf] b
fuL (?lkofF, k};f, l6s6 cflb) . @= vf]6 nfu]sf] bf]ifL . #= sfd gnfUg] vfa (dfndQf
cflb) .

vf]kfOvf]n \ g' vKk . @= 6fpsf] lz . #= lbdfu dl:tis . vf]kfO gf) [ vf]k\ (cfO)] v
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]kfOg' s) lqm) vf]kfpg] sfd ulg' . vf]kfpg' k|) ] lqm) vf
]Kg] sfd ufpg' vf]Kg nfpg' . vf]lkg' s) lqm) vf]Kg] sfd ulg' Kjfn kflg' . vf]lkN6f]
[vf]kf]ON6f]] ;fgf] vf]kf] ;fF3'lPsf] Kjfn . vf]kL gf) [vf]kf]O{] != k};f aRr] v]Ngs
nflu e'Od F f kflg] ;fgf], af6'nf] Kjfn jf lrgf] . @= To:tf] Kjfndf k};f jf c s'g
} s'f] aRr] jf en] v]lng] v]n . #= 8G8Llaof]sf v]ndf laof] x'Rrg agfOPsf] vf]lkN6f]
. $= ;fgf] sf]7f . %= cfOdfO{x a:g] u'KtL v08 lgaf; . vf]k ] lj) [vf]kf]P] != vf]kf]
k]sf] ulxf] . @= cfFvfsf ux efl;Psf] (JolQm) . vf]kf] gf) [k|f) v'Kk < ;+) u'Dkm] !
= fvgwgsf] nflu leqL ufx|f]df agfOPsf] ;fgf] v08 . @= ufx|f] nufpFbf 8sdL{x plegsf]
nflu ef agfpg afF; jf sf7 t]:of{Og] Kjfn v6Kjfn . vf]kf | vf]kL | gf) [vf]kf | ] v
f]kf |] ] ;fgf7"nf vf]kf | xsf] ;d'bfo . vf]kL | gf) [vf]kf | ] O{] ;fgf] vf]kf |]
. vf]k ]| lj) [vf]kf | ] P] != vf]k|fdf a:g] . @= vf]k|fsf] vf]k|f];Fu ;DalGwt . ~
g}gL gf) a's'jf, t]n cflb nfpg] jf g kfln; cflb uL dflnSgLsf] ;';f ug]{ :qL . ~ a"9L
gf) != hLpsf] ub{gsf aLrdf k]sf] vf]lkN6f] a"9Lvf]kL | vf]Kn] . @= vf]k|fdf a:g] g
fL a"9L sdfL . lj) #= Hofb} a"9L v'd|] a"9L . vf]k|f] gf) [vf]kf] f]] != slofcdn]v x
bf cufl8 sdffsdfL a:g] ;fgf] 3 jf v08 . @= 5fk|f] s'k|f] vf]Ndf . vf]Kn] gf) [vf]Knf]
ub{gsf aLrdf k]sf] vf]lkN6f] . vf]Knf] gf) [vf]kf] nf]] ;fgf] vfN6f] vf]lkN6f] . vf]
oflas] { gf) kfDkls k|ljlwaf6 3df tof kfL af]tndf xfn] ds}sf] vf]ofsf] lasf]{ nufO{s
vPsf] S;L . vf]of] gf) [;+) sf]if] != ds}sf 3f]ufdf u]8fx cl8g] vf]Knfvf]Knf k]sf] s
f]of] ds}sf] leqL 8fF7 . @= cfFk cflb kmnleq xg] 7"nf] aLhsf]if kmnsf] leqL 8Nnf] j
f ;fx|f] efu . vf]! gf) [;+) v'k|] != hLjhGt' kfNg jf y'Gg agfOPsf] ;fF3'f] sf]7f] .
@= af3efn' cflbnfO{ e'mSSofO{ ;dfTgfsf nflu yflkg] lkFh8f jf To; k|of]hgsf nflu
k|of]u ulg] s6]f] jf sf]7f]h:tf] j:t' . #= y'g'jfnfO{ y'Gg] ;fF3'f] sf]7f] y'gf3 y'g
jf3/ . vf]@ lj) [kmf)] s'g} ;+1fsf kl5lNt hf]l8O{ ;"Id Jo\Uo;lxt Hofb} vfg] eGg] cy{
oQm ug]{ k|ToowdL{
294

pQkb jf pkkb (xfjfvf], uf]tfvf] cflb) . vf]G8f] lj) [k|f) vf]8f] < ;+) vf]8] v'f vf]R
fP lxF8\g] nFu8f] . vf]afL gf) [vf] afL] != kz'kIfL cflbnfO{ cNemfpg agfOPsf] vf]
;fg afL . @= k"mnafL . vf]lof gf) [vf] Oof] != afnL nufpgfsf nflu v, a'6f cflb sf6L,
F8L k|foM 89]nf];d]t nufP lafPsf] hldg kfvfleQfsf] afFemf] hUuf e:d] nf]xf];] . @= cf
nL, sfGnf cflb eTs] lau|]sf] hUuf . > vf]lofgL gf) != vf]lof kmfF8\g] sfd . @= vf]lof
kmfFl8Psf] hUuf jf 7fpF . vf]L! gf) [vf]f] O{] u'n]nLsf] d6f\u|f c8\sfpg] a8sf aLrsf
fu . vf]L@ gf) != ;fgf] b'g' . @= rGbg cflb flvg] ;fgf] kfq jf efF8f] (rGbgvf]L) . v
f]L# lj) [kmf) vf] O{] s'g} ;+1fsf kl5lNt hf]l8O{ vfg] efj jf lqmofsf] cy{ hgfpg] k|To
owdL{ pQkb jf pkkb (xfjfvf]L, uf]tfvf]L cflb) . vf]]Ft gf)x]) vf]ofFt . vf] ] gf)x]
/f] . vf]f]! gf) [vf] cf]] k}tnf, s'sR {' rf cflb k'm6\g] f]u xlgf; xgf{7 vf]] . v
= [kmf) v"/] ;fgf], kftnf], 2L lsl;dsf] efF8f] . @= ;fgf] b'g' . vf]gf{ gf) [vf] gf]
k}tfnfdf Kjfn}Kjfnsf] bfu x'g] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . vf]oft gf) [v'oft] ufO{a:t'sf] v'
vl6f cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u vf]]Ft vf]] . vf]ofO gf) [ vf]ofp (cfO)] vf]ofpg] l
. [ > ] vf]ofOg' s) lqm) vf]ofpg] sfd ulg' s]lg' v]lg' . vf]ofpg' ;) lqm) [vf]
sf] kQf] nufpg bf]xofO{tx ] ofO{ ;f]Wg' s'g} cleo'Qmaf6 p;n] u]sf] s;'af] oyfjt\ lj
t hfgsfL lngfsf nflu gfgf txn] ;f]wk'5 ug'{ s]g'{ v]g'{ . vf];f{gL gf) [ v';f{gL] x])
v';f{gL . vf]n\g' ;) lqm) [v'nf g'] != aGb ePsf] cj:yfaf6 v'nf kfg'{ p3fg'{ . @= aGwg
af6 d'Qm kfg'{ k'mSsf ug'{ jf 5f8f ug'{ . #= gofF k;n, sfvfgf, ljBfno cflbsf] :yfk
gf ug'{ pb\3f6g ug'{ . $= aGb ePsf] sfds'f] km]l ;'? ufpg' jf rngdf Nofpg' . %= lgsf
Ng' cfljisf ug'{ . ^= bfDnf], vf] cflbaf6 k'mSsf ug'{ 5f8\g' . &= sljtf cflb jf s'g}
zf:qLo ljifosf] :ki6 gePsf] cy{ :ki6 ufpg' JofVof ug'{ . *= cgfj[t ufpg' . (= bf}8
fpg'

295

vf]nvf];fvf]; hUufhldgnfO{ gf]S;fg k'ofpg] lsl;dsf] vf]nf klxf] af9Lk}xf |] . vf]Ndf

f) != dflyNnf] tnfdf v]tLkftLsf ;;fdfg fVg tNnf] tnfdf ufO{e}F;L cflb afFWg x'g] uL
3cfFug5]p agfOPsf] ;fgf] e'mk|f] tnf ePsf] uf]7 . @= kfvfafnL fVg] 7fpF vNdf pld . >
vf]Nd] lj) vf]Ndfh:tf] vf]Ndfsf cfsfsf] . vf]Nof;f] gf) [vf]nf]ofF;f]] v]tsf ufdf nf
f] a];L kfgL lgsfNg u}lkR5] s'g} 7fpF cfnLsf] l8n sf6] agfOPsf] lgsf; jf To:tf] kf
gL hfg] 7fpF vf]lnPsf] ;dfxf . vf]Nof
gf) [vf]nf]of
] Pp6feGbf csf]{ ;;fgf] uf x'Fb} u
sf] v]t . vf]N;fvf]N;L gf) [vf]N;f]vf]N;L] ;fgf7"nf w]} vf]N;f vf]N;fxsf] ;d"x . vf]l
N;g' c) lqm) [vf]N;f] O g'] != vf]N;f] kg'{ s'n; ] f] kg'{ . @= zLsf] cQ5fnf jf vkft
xL kftnf] af]qmf pKsg' . vf]N;L gf) [vf]N;f] O{] ;fgf] vf]N;f] . vf]N;] lj) [vf]N;f] P]
!= vf]N;fsf] vf]N;f;DaGwL . @= vf]N;fdf uPsf] (klxf]) hldg wl;P ag]sf] (vf]N;] e"If
o) . vf]N;f] gf) [vf]nf] ;f]] != b'O{ 8fF8f jf cUnf hldgsf aLrsf], ;fgf] ;f]tf] aUg
], ;f\u|f] ulxf] 7fpF lefnf] wftndf kfgL au] ulxlPsf] hldgsf] efu vf]Fr vfO{ . @
gf] vf]nf] vx] . #= s'n]F;f] s'nf] . vf]N:ofO gf) [ vf]lN; (ofO)] vf]lN;g] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]N:ofOg' s) lqm) vf]N;f] jf s'n; ] f] kflg' . vf]N:ofpg' k|])
lqm) vf]N;f] ufpg' s'n];f] kfg'{ . vf];\g' ;) lqm) != csf{sf clwsfdf x]sf] jf cnfO{
Psf] s'g} j:t' anhkmtL;Fu jf dGh'Lljgf g} lng' xg'{ . @= s;}nfO{ vfOx]sf] hflu jf kb
af6 lgsfNg' kbRo't ug'{ . #= csf xftdf x]sf] dfn emD6] tfGg' jf lng' . > vf];df]; gf)
sdfPsf] hUufhldg jf vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] hflu cflb vf]:g]jg]{ sfd vf]:g] lng] sfd . vf
];lN6g' c) lqm) [vf];N6f] O g'] ;'s] jf e'mlP sfd gnfUg] x'g' 2L x'g' vf];l] N6g' .
gf)x]) vf];]N6f] . vf];N6fO gf) [ vf];lN6 (ofO)] vf];lN6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
> ] vf];N6fOg' s) lqm) vf];N6f] kflg' yf]ofOg' . vf];N6fpg' k|]) lqm) vf];N6f] t'No
' yf]ofpg' . vf];fO gf) [ vf];\ (cfO)] vf]:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf];fOg'
) lqm) vf]:g nfOg' vf]:g] sfd ufOg' . vf];fpg' k|]) lqm) vf]:g nfpg' vf]:g] sfd ufpg'
. vf];fvf]; gf) [vf]; \ vf];] \ k:kdf hyfefaL;Fu s'g} j:t' vf]:g] jf x8Kg] sfd vf]:g
] w'Tg] sfd .

s'bfpg' . vf]n! gf) [;+) vf]ns] s'g} j:t'sf] arfp jf 9fs5f]ksf nflu tof ulg] To;} c
fsfsf] sk8f, sfut cflbsf] y}nf] . vf]n@ gf) [vf]N;f]] sf7 sk] P]gf jf kmNofs h8\g a
gfOPsf] vf]N;f] . vf]nvfn gf) [vf]n \ c (l))] vf]Ng] jf p3fg]{ sfd pbf
\uf] kfg]{ sfd
. vf]n] 7fs' gf) lwdfnhfltsf u|fdb]jtf yfgklt b]jtf . vf]nkf6f] gf) [vf]nkf6f]] vf]ns
f] Psfklsf] efu jf v08 leq ?jf gkfFlhFb}sf cj:yfsf] vf]n . ~ kg'{ 6') k6Ss} gldNg' c
ldNbf] x'g' . vf]nf! gf) [g]jf)] S;L vfgsf nflu k|of]udf NofOg] ;fgf] vfnsf] s6f}f
. vf]nf@ gf) [vf]nf] sf] lt))] x]) vf]nf] . vf]nfO gf) [ vf]n\ (cfO)] vf]Ng] lqmof j
|lqmof [ > ] vf]nfOg' s) lqm) vf]Ng jf p3fg{ nfOg' . vf]nfpg' k|) ] lqm) v'nf kfg{
jf vf]Ng nfpg' . vf]nfvf]nL gf) [vf]nf]vf]nL] ;fgf7"nf w]} vf]nf ;fgf7"nf vf]nfxsf]
;d"x . vf]nf6f]nf gf) [vf]nf6f]nf] vf]nfsf] 5]p5fpdf x]sf] ufpFn] a:tL kfgL3f6 rg Pp
} ePsf] ufpF7fpF . vf]nfwf]aL gf) vf]nf6f]nfdf x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] wf]aLrf] . vf]nfgf
nf gf) [vf]nfgfnf] gbL gfnfxsf] ;d"x ;fgf 7"nf w]} vf]nf gbLgfnf vf]nfvf]nL . vf]
vf]nf] O{] != vf]kfPsf f]uLnfO{ csf ;+;u{df cfpg glbO{ 5'} fVg agfOPsf] c:yfoL 5fk|f]
f]kfpg] j}Bsf] yk'{ . @= ;fgf] vf]nf] . ~ af; ' L gf) s]xL afFsL gx]sf s'f ePesf hDd
'f l;Lv'L . vf]n ] gf) [ vf]nf]] != ufO{a:t'nfO{ v'jfpg ds}, rfdn, e6df; cflbsf] kL7f
ksfOPsf] afSnf] emf]n s'F8f] . @= k|foM ulaxn] vfg], ds}sf] kL7f], slgsf, ;fukft c
flb ld;fP ksfOPsf] n]bf] vfB kbfy{ kmfF8f] . lj) #= ;Eotf ghfg]sf] clzi6 uFjf (dflg;)
. $= si6n] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ b'MvL . ~ v]t gf) vf]nfsf] 5]p5fpdf x]sf] jf vf]nfsf] k
fgL nfUg] v]t vf]nfn] 5f8]sf] hldg lafP agfOPsf] v]t . ~ kmf8f] gf) kL7f], slgsf cflb
df ;ful;:g' ld;fO{ ksfOPsf] n]bf] vfB kbfy{ ulau'?jfxsf] lgDg :tsf] ef]hg . ~ e"t gf
f]sljZjf;cg';f vf]nfgfnfdf lxF88'n ug]{ Ps lsl;dsf] e"t . vf]n]; gf) [vf] > vf]n P;]
s'v'f cflbsf] cf]yff] a:g] 7fpF . vf]nf] gf) != ;fgf]ltgf] gbL emG8} gbLh:tf] ;fgf]
hnk|jfx . @= vf]nfsf] glhs x]sf] ;fgf] a:tL gbLsf glhssf] ufpF3 . ~ k}x|f]gf) jiff{
jf enaf9L cflbn] ubf{

vf]l;g'Vofr\g' vf]l;g' s) lqm) [vf];\ O g'] != csf{sf] ;fdfg hah:tL lnOg' . @= hfluaf
{:t ulg' . vf];'jf lj) [vf];\ pjf] != vf]:g] sfd ug]{ . @= eOx]sf] kb jf :yfgaf6 x6fp
g] vf]l;Psf] kbRo't vf]:g] . ~ k'hL{ gf) s'g} sf0fjz vfO{kfO{ cfPsf] hfluaf6 x6fpgsf
lDt ;DalGwt sfof{non] lbg] kq . vf];]n\g' ;) lqm) [vf];| g'] afFlwPsf] jf yfGsf]d'Gs
f]df x]sf] dfntfn lems] jf plwg] cnkq kfg'{ tndfly jf otfplt kfg'{ vhdHofpg' . > vf];
n ] fO gf) vf];N ] g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vf];]lng' s) lqm) vHofdHof kflg' vhdHofOg' .
vf];n ] f] gf) [vf];]n\ cf]] != vhdlhPsf] jf l5lnPsf] 3fF;, kfn, vf]:6f cflb j:t' l5nf
. @= l5lnPsf] sfut, sk8f, f}F cflbsf] ;d"x . #= ds}sf 3f]ufdf x]sf] u]8f 5f]Kg] cf
j0f vf];]N6f] vf]:6f] . ] 6f] O g'] vf];N ] 6f]h:tf] x'g' ;'s ] vf];l ] N6g' c) lqm)
e'ml{g' jf e'mlqg' . ] \ 6f]] != RofltPsf] jf e'ml{Psf] kft, vf];]N6f] gf) [vf];n
af]qmf], sfuh cflb vf];N6f] . @= emf;e'm; . #= x]) vf];n ] f] . vf];]N6fO gf) [ vf];
]lN6 (ofO)] vf];l] N6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf];]N6fOg' s) lqm) vf];lN6g] kflg'
l5lng' . vf];]N6fpg' ;) lqm) != 3fF;, kfn cflb l5Ng' . @= b'gf, 6kL cflb ufF:g' . k|]
lqm) #= vf];]N6f] t'Nofpg' e'mofpg' vf];N6fpg' . vf]l:6g' c) lqm) [vf]:6f] O g'] !=
f] 5'lg' aflxL af]qmf cnu x'g' . @= 2L x'g' vf];]lN6g' . vf]:6] lj) [vf]:6f] P] vf]:6
Psf] vf]:6f x'g] (vf]:6] d'uL vf]:6] bfn O)) . vf]:6f] gf) [;fb[) nf]:6f]] != cGg,
kmn cflbsf u]8f jf u'bLsf] aflxkl xg] ;'Svf af]qmf] . @= ds}sf 3f]uf cflbsf] kft vf]
;]nf] vf];]N6f] . #= ?lkofFk};f nf]:6f] (dxjxLg cy{df) . $= ;'s]sf] kft, 2L sfutkq cf
lb . vf]:d]f] gf) [ vf]:6f]] != ds}sf 3f]uf cflbsf kft vf];n ] f] vf];]N6f] . @= ;'s]
sf] kft, 2L sfutkq cflb . #= ?lkofF k};f . vf]:ofO gf) [ vf]:ofp (cfO)] vf]:ofpg] lqm
of jf k|lqmof . [ > ] vf]:ofOg' s) lqm) 5fnf v'lQg] uL 3fprf]6 nflug' cQ5fnf v'lQg' .
vf]:ofpg' c) lqm) [vf];| ofp g'] != aflxL 5fnf;d]t v'lQg] uL rf]6 nfUg' . @= s]xL efu;
Dd ;lsg' sf]lg' . vf]:ofsvf]:ofs lqm) lj) [c) d") vf]:ofs\ c (l))] vf]:ofssf] cfjfh ;'
lgg] uL (kftklt\u xNng] jf rNg] lsl;d) . vf];|g' ;) lqm) != dflyNnf] ;txsf] df6f] vGg
kfk|f a;]sf] df6f] pl5Gg' . @= af]6la?jfdf ps]f nfpg' uf]8g \ '.
296

#= v'fn] e'OF sf]tg'{ . $= vg] Kjfn kfg'{ vf]bNg' . > vf];|fO gf) vf];|g] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . vf];|fOg' s) lqm) vf];g | ] sfd ufOg' vf];g | nfOg' uf]8fOg' . vf];f |
pg' k|]) lqm) vf];|g nfpg' uf]8fpg' . vf]l;|g' ;) lqm) != vf];g | ' . s) lqm) @= v
f];g | ] sfd ulg' uf]l8g' . vf];L | vf;|L gf) vGg]vf];g | ] sfd . vf];f | ] gf) != d]
f kz'kIfLxsf] 5fnfleq 3fF;, kfn, e'jf cflb sf]rL agfOPsf] To;} cfs[ltsf] b'?:t d"l
t{ . @= s'g} xltofsf] bfk, Dofg, vf]n cflb . #= Hofanx xfNg] 5fnfsf] y}nf] . $= l;N
nfsf efnfsf] df]7 3';flg], lsfkdf hl8Psf] 5fnfsf] 9'\u|f] . %= vf]:6f] . vf]:o|fsvf
]:o|fs gf) [c) d") vf]:o|fs\ c (l))] != vf];b F| f cfpg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= vf]:o|f
ssf] cfjfh cfpg] uL vf]:ofsvf]:ofs . vf]:o|fvf]:o|f lqm) lj) [c) d") vf]:o|f\ c (l))
:o|fsf] cfjfh lg:sg] uL vf]:ofsvf]:ofs . vf} gf) != dfbn cflb afhfsf 5fnfsf] dWo efu
df nufOg] sfnf] rSsf . @= Ps k|sfsf] d;nf . vf}lsof gf) [k|f) g])] != vKsL xKsL bKsL
. @= cfb]z pbL{ . vf}8L gf) [ vKk] vf]N;f]h:tf] k] 6fpsflt uPsf] uw{gsf] efu . ~ a"
f) 3fF6L 6fpsfk5fl8sf hf]gL{sf] vfN6f] k]sf] efu vf]k|]a"9L . vf}g' ;) lqm) [;+) Iff
] != 5'fn] f}F v's{g' jf sf6\g' d'08g ug'{ d'8fpg' . @= s'g} sfd ug{ g;Sg]nfO{ xf]Ro
fpg' gflk;\ eGg' . > vf}fO gf) vf}g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . vf}fOg' s) lqm) vf}g nfOg'
Og' . vf}fpg' k|]) lqm) vf}g nfpg' d'08g ufpg' . vf}lg' ;) lqm) [vf} O g'] != vf}
@= 5'f cflbn] skfnsf f}F v'ls{g' d'08g ulg' . vf}L dl;g' gf) [vf} O{ dl;g'] sfd tfd]
;Sg] t sfd u]h:tf] b]vfpg] JolQmnfO{ xf]RofP elgg] zAb . (pbf) p;n] slt g u5'{ eGYof
], vf}Ldl;g' nfOxfn]5 lg) . vf}nfvf}nL gf) [vf}nf] vf}nL] ;fgf7"nf w]} vf}nf e8\vffsf
d"x . vf}lng' c) lqm) [vf]nf] O g'] != eses kfgL pDng' . @= vf}nfdf kg'{ e8\vffdf kg'{
lsg' lug'{ . vf}nL gf) [vf}nf] O{] ;fgf] vf}nf] . vf}nf] gf) [ vfN6f]] vf8n k]sf] 7fpF
fN6f] e8\vff] . vf}nf]df k]kl5 l8uf] klg r]T5 (pvfg) . vf}NofO gf) [ vf}lnvf}Nofp (
vf}lng] jf vf}Nofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] vf}NofOg' s) lqm) vfN6f] jf e8\vff]df k
flg' . vf}Nofpg' k|) ] lqm) vf}nfdf kfg'{ e8\vffdf hfSg' . vf}jf lj) [vfcf}jf] w]} v
vGr'jf vj}of . Vofr\g' ;) lqm) != s'g} afhLdf k|ltof]uLnfO{ k5fg'{

297

VofOg'Vjf:; O;f;DaGwL . @= qmfO:6sf] hGdlbgb]lv u0fgf ulPsf] . Vjff lj) != cfnf]kfnf]

uL v]lng] v]ndf ;a}eGbf kl5 kfnf] cfpg] . gf) @= ;aeGbf kl5Nnf] v]nf8L . VjfsVjf
s lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjfs\c (l))] != 3fF6Laf6 nuftf vf]ss ] f] h:tf] wf]qf] cfjfh lg:s
g] uL VofsVofs . @= nuftf cfjfh cfpg] uL (vf]Sg] lsl;d) . VofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") vofs
\s] vf]Stf 3fF6Laf6 wf]qf], slDkt, tLvf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . Vjf lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjf6\6
] s]xL guLsg cgfof;d} (s'g} sfd x'g] lsl;d) . VjftVjft lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjft\c (l))]
s'g} n]bf] j:t' v:tf cfjfh cfpg] uL . > VjftVjftL lqm) lj) cem} r8\sfl;t VjftVjft
x'g] uL . VjfQ lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjft\t] ;a} llQg] uL (s'g} kGofnf] kbfy{ v;fpg] jf vG
ofpg] lsl;d) . VjfkVjfk lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjfk\c (l))] gf]lsO{sg (s'g} vfB j:t' d'vdf
xfNg] lsl;d) SjfkSjfk . > VjfkVjfktLVjfkVjfkL lqm) lj) cem} l56f] VjfkVjfk x'g] uL
. VjfKk lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjfk\k] != Ps} rf]l6 (s'g} 8Nnf] vfB j:t' d'vdf xfNg] lsl
;d) SjfKk . @= s'g} tLvf] j:t' f]lkg] jf k:g] uL . Vjfldt gf) [c) vfljGb] != ;Ddfgaf
]ws zAb >Ldfg\ . @= dflns k|e' :jfdL . VjfDd lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjfd\d] kLFw;Dd k'Ug] u
(s'g} tLvf] j:t' f]Kg] lsl;d) :jfDd . VjfDnf
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjfd\] rfn} gkfO{ PSs
l; (vfN6fdf kg]{ lsl;d) . VjfVjf lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjf\c (l))] gf]lsO{sg :jf:jf .
fVjfL lqm) lj) gf]lsO{sg :jf6:jf6L . Vjf{ lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjf\] != l56f]l56f] r
(bu'g]{ jf lxF8\g] lsl;d) . @= u]8fx emg]{ jf kf]lvg] uL :jf{ . VjfnVjfn lqm) lj) [c
) d") Vjfn\ c (l))] slQ klg gf]lsO{sg kfgL cflb kGofnf] kbfy{ aUg] jf kf]lvg] lsl;d X
jfnXjfn . > VjfnVjfntLVjfnVjfnL lqm) lj) cem tLvf] kdf VjfnVjfn x'g] uL . Vjfn] lj) [
vf]n] ] != grflxFbf] xNnf ug]{ . @= c;Eo uFjf . VjfNn lqm) lj) [c) d") Vjfn\n] Ps} a
flh vlgP gf]lsO{sg (kfgL cflb aUg] jf kf]lvg] lsl;d) XjfNn . Vjf:; lqm) lj) [c) d") V
jf;\;] yfx} gkfO{sg glrtfPsf] 9fFrfn] la:tf} xfNg], x'Ng] jf 3';fpg] uL Xjf:; .

k|ltof]lutfdf lhTg' . @= bafpg' ;tfpg' . > Voflrg' s) lqm) VofFRg] sfd ulg' . VofOg'
s) lqm) [VofpOg'] != gbLdf 8'
\uf, gfp cflb rnfOg' lvofOg' . @= lvOg] kflg' lvofOg' .
ofpg'! ;) lqm) 8'\uf cflb rnfpg' lvofpg' . ] lqm) [lvO ofp g'] lvOg] kfg'{ lvofpg' . V
'@ k|) Vofp6L lj) [Vofp6f] O{] kftnf] zLsL b'AnL l;s6L . Vofp6] lj) [Vofp6f] P] b'An
f] zL ePsf] ufnf leq k;]sf] l;s6f] l;s6] Vofp6f] . Vofp6f] lj) [;+) va6{] kftnf] b
zL ePsf] l;s6] . Vofs gf) [g]jf) Vof] != k|foM ;xsf k'fgf 7"nf 3sf cFWoff] s'gfdf
t;f{pg] elgPsf] e"t . lj) @= ;fx|} b'Anf] a"9f] . VofsVofs gf) [c) d") Vofs\ c (l))]
!= vf]Stf 3fF6Laf6 lg:sg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= VofsVofs cfjfh cfpg] uL . > VofsVo
fs] gf) VofsVofs u] sfpg], :ofnh:tf] :ofns} hftsf] h\unL hGt' xflK;nf] . Voft lj)
Voflt sdfPsf] gfpF rn]sf] ljVoft k|l;4 . gfdf lj) gfd rn]sf] oz jf sLlt{ km}lnPsf]
Voflt gf) [;+)] gfpF rNg] lqmof jf cj:yf l;l4 . VofK6f] lj) x]) Vofp6f] . VofKnfSs
lqm) lj) [c) d") VofKnfs\ s] xf85fnf ls\lu|\ b]lvg] uL (b'Anfpg] lsl;d) . VofD;f] lj)
= lgwf]{ n'nf] . @= b'Anf] kftnf] . Vofn! gf) [c) vofn] != ljrf ljj]s ;f]rfO . @= ;De
gf ;dem . Vofn@ gf) [ v]n] != uDeLtf;fy glnOg] jf lhl:sg] dfOg] s'f] 7f xF;LlbNn
]naf8 v]nfFrL x]nr]S|fOF . #= Hofb} tGsfOPsf] nodf ufOg] k|0ffnL . 7f gf) xF;LlbNnuL
Vofn . > VofnL gf) != ljz]if rf8kj{df jf k"hfcfhfdf v}h F 8L, dh'f cflb ahfpFb} uf
Og] nf]suLt r'8\sf . @= tGg]Lt?gLx e]nf eO{ ufOg] Ps k|sfsf] h'jfL . lj) #= v"a Vofn7
ug]{ :jefjsf] 76f}nf] . Vof;Vof; lqm) lj) [c) d") Vof;\c (l))] != l56f]l56f];u F jf
dg gnufO{ (s'g} s'f n]Vg] lsl;d) . @= 3fF6Ldf ;s;s nfUg] uL . #= dg} glbO{ (s'g} j
:t' u8\g] lsl;d) . Vof:; lqm) lj) [c) d") Vof;\;] != a]jf:tf emNsg] uL (gd j:t'df s'g
} tLvf], ;fx|f] j:t' 3';fg]{ lsl;d) . @= u8\g] rfnn] . > Vofl:;g' c) lqm) tnlt nfUg
' pFwf] emg'{ n5fkf6f] nfpg' . lv|:6Lo lj) [c
\) qmfO:6] != lv|:6;Fu ;DalGwt

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65
uupt
298

u
u != b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] t];|f] Jo~hgj0f{
s07:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g,] :kzL{, 3f]if, cNkk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ sju{sf] t];f | ] j0f{ n]
Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg ufOuf]8] u . @= s'g} j:t', ljifo
jf s'/fsf] juL{s/0f of d"Nof
\sg ubf{ t];f | ] jf lgDg >]0fLnfO{ 5'fO{ lrgfpg k|of]u
ul/g] >]0fLaf]ws cIf;
\s]t n]vfOsf qmddf ljifoj:t'sf] juL{s/0f jf ljefhg pkljefhgsf
lglDt Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|of]u ul/Fbf lbOg] qmdaf]ws t];|f] lrXg . uu6] gf) [uFu6f]P] x
ftsf cf}n F fdf nufOg] 3'ld|Psf] cf}7 F L d'Gb|L d'Gb|f] . uu6f] gf) [;+) ss{6] lxF8
\gsf nflu cf7j6f v'f x'g] RofKg cfgf] Iff ug{sf nflu b'O{j6f ;'F8h:tf sfF8fbf c
\u
,] kfgLsf 5]p5fpsf sfk 9fF8xdf a:g] hnhLjL k|f0fL . uulg' c) lqm) hf8f] jf lr;f]n] z
c\ux s7fl\u|g', uFuls{g' clg' . uuls{g ' c) lqm) hf8f] jf lr;f]n] s7f
\lu|g' uF
O gf) uFuls{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . uuSof{Og' s) lqm) hf8f]n] sqmSs kflg' uFuofOg'
. uuSof{pg' k|]) lqm) hf8f]n] sqmSs kfg'{ kll:yltn] uFuofpg' . uuofO gf) [ uul(
sl;d, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] uFuofOg' s) lqm) hf8f]n] sqmSs kflg' uFuSof{Og' . uuof
g' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != hf8f]n] sqmSs kfg'{ uFuSof{pg' . @= uFulg nfpg' . uuf}6L gf) [
+) u
\ufcf}6L] != u
\ufsf] :kz{n] kvflnP kljq ePsf] df6f] . @= gbLsf lsgfsf] df6f] u
\u
6L . uh8L lj) [ufFhfc8L] ufFhf vfg] afgL ePsf] ufFhfsf] cDdnL uFHofxf . uhf}6f] gf)
Fh\cf}6f]] Ps xftsf] kGhfdf c6fpg ;Sg];Ddsf] gfkf] Ps k;sf] kldf0f . uHofxf lj) [ufFh
fxf] ufFhfsf] cDdnL uFh8L . u8f; gf) sf7sf] cfwfdf c8fOPsf], ;'kfL sf6\g] ;f}tf]h:tf
aF8 ePsf], kfn, 3fF; cflb sf6] e';f agfpg] xltof tfO{lt 3fF;af6 e';f tof kfg]{ ;f}t
fsfsf] xltof . u8f;f] gf) [uF8f;cf]] bfpf, d'9f, sf7kft, 3fF; cflb sf6\g] sfddf k|of]
ulg] laF8 ePsf] xltof . u8fxf lj) [ufF8cfxf] ufF8 ePsf] jf ufF8 pd|]sf] uF8f]xf] uF
. u8p ] nf] gf)x]) uF8\of}nf] . u8 ] f] gf) [;+) uGws] != lxnf]df a:g ?rfpg] ;fgf] v
nsf] df5f] . @= u08sL gbLdf kfOg] ;f]xL hftsf] t 7"nf] cfsfsf] df5f] fOuF8]f] . u8]nf
f) [;+) u08Pnf] b'Anf] kftnf] b]lvg] ;flvg] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] df5f] . u8f]xf] lj) [u
F8xf] ufF8 ePsf] uF8fxf . u8o \ fxf gf) [ufF8ofxf] x]) uF8fxf . u8o \ f}nf] gf) [;+)
08of}nf]] != jiff{sfndf emLsf a]nf au|]NtL lg:sg], uf]a, dnsf] f; jf lr;f] df6f]df 3
'l;|P a:g], k|f0fLsf k]6sf] h'sfh:tf] xf8 gePsf], nueu Ps laQf;Dd ndfO x'g], tfdf
]h:t}
sf], ftL 6Nsg] ;k{em}F 3l;|g] s[ldju{sf] Ps sLf] uF8]pnf] a:of}{nf] . uyfO
Fy\cfO] ufFYg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ub ] gf)x]) uGw]emf/ . uwff gf) [b
\)] dl;gf v
'g] clncln p8\g,] ljleGg ePsf], 5f]OlbFbf 7:; ugfpg] vfnsf], k|foM wfgdf nfUg] f]uf
0f'hftsf] sLf] kt]f] . uw ] gf) [;+) uGw] ;vv08sf cfsfsf kft x'g], hfdf ;vv08s} h:
kmNg], To;} kmnnfO{ y]a]em}F s6] crf vfOg], s8f uGw ePsf] Ps hftsf] emf uFb] . ujf
[lx) ufFjjf] != ;xlof ;Eotfb]lv 6f9} a;]sf] jf ePsf] ufpFsf] afl;Gbf ufpFn] . @= lzi
6tf ghfg]sf] c;Eo d"v{ . ujo } f lj) [ufpFP]of] ufpFdf a:g] ufpFn] u|fdL0f . uF;fO
ufF;-cfO_] ufF:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >] uF;fOg' s) lqm) ufF:g nfOg' . uF;fp
g' k|) ] lqm) ufF:g nfpg' . uF;j ' f lj) b'O6f hf]l8Psf] ufFl;Psf] . uF;f]6 gf) != u
fFl;Psf] l:ylt jf cj:yf ufF; . @= ufF:g] k|lqmof . #= ufFl;Psf] 7fpF . uOgg ] L gf)
[ufOg]gL] ufP hLjglgjf{x ug]{ hftsL cfOdfO{ ufOg] hftsL :qL ufOg]sL kTgL . uOg' c) l
m) [hf O g'] hfg] sfd x'g' hfOg' . upt gf) [;+) uf]dq " ] != ufO{sf] d"t uf]dq " . @= r
]vLlgtLsf lglDt vfOg] ufO{sf] d"t . > upt ] lj) != upFtsf] h:t}
ePsf] upFtsf :jfbsf]
. @=;8\g yfn]sf] . upTofO gf) upFTofpg] sfd jf lsl;d . upTofOg' s) lqm) ufO{af5Lff
Tofu ulg' . upTofpg' ;) lqm) ufO{n] upFt lbg' ufO{n] d'Tg' .

299

upguhs bzxf:gfgsf] ;dfkg ;dff]x bzxf . f gf) u
\uf gbLn] kxf8sf] af6f] l5rf]nL t
ug{ nfu]sf 7fpFdf kg]{ tLy{ xlf . w gf) lzdf u
\ufsf] j]u jxg ug]{ dxfb]j lzj . ~
= zGtg' tyf u
\ufsf 5f]f eLid . @= u
\uft6df a;] bfgblIf0ff lng] a|fXd0f k08f . df6L
uf gbLsf :kz{n] afa kvfn] kljq agfOPsf] df6f] gbLsf t6sf] df6f] . ~ ofqf gf) != d0f l
Zro eO;s]kl5 lafdLnfO{ lhpFb} 3f6df n}hfg] sfd . @= d[To' d0f knf]ssf] ofqfDe . ~ nx
) xfjfsf j]un] p7\g] u\ufsf] t\u jf nx . @= dxfslj huGgfylrt u\ufljifos k|l;4 :t'lt;
To . nfe gf) lxGb";+:sfcg';f df]Ifkb k|flKtsf] sf0f dflgg] kljq :yn, k'0ogbL cflbdf
Psf] d0f u\uft6sf] d[To' . ~ ;fu gf) ;d'b|df u\uf ldn]sf] 7fpF lxGb"xsf] Ps k|Voft
hgsk'/sf] Ps k|l;4 tfn . uRsg' c) lqm) [uhSs g'] dgsf] v';L jf k'mtL{ b]vfpg] uL uhSs
kg'{ uDsg' . > uRsfO gf) uRsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . uRsfOg' s) lqm) uRsg] kflg' . uRs
fpg' k|]) lqm) uDsfpg'' . ulRsg' c) lqm) uRsg' . uR5uR5 gf) [;+)] != hfg'kg]{ 7fpFdf
hfg] jf cfgf]cfgf] af6f] nfUg] sfd nfvfkfvf oqtq . @= lj;h{g ;dflKt 6'\UofpgL . uR5
) [k|f) uR5] != h'g;'s} sfd ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ef}lts jf af}l4s ;fwg ;fdYo{ cf}sft x}l
;ot . @= cfly{s Ifdtf k'FhL ;DklQ . #= xsbf jf k|ltlglwnfO{ xs a'emfOlbg] sfd lhDdf
. uR5fO gf) [ uR5fp(cfO)] uR5fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] uR5fOg' s) lqm) uF;
f]8fOg' vK6fOg' . uR5fpg' ;) lqm) [u'R5f ofp g'] != PseGbf a9L j:t' jf 6'qmfx ufF:g'
' vfKg' cGtef{j ufpg' ldnfpg' hf]N6fpg' cNemfpg' . [uR5] cfp g'] @= csf{sf] dfn;fdfg
g' gf;f] lhDdf nfOlbg' . uh! gf) [;+)] != xfQL . @= Hof]ltifzf:qdf cf7sf] c\s . uh@
gf) [kmf)] !=uhk|0ffnLdf ;f]x| luf jf 5QL; OGr cyf{t\ tLg k'm6 ndfOsf] gfkf] . @=
b'O{ xft ndfOafasf] gfKg] 8G8L . #= ;f\uL, a]nf cflb ahfpg] ;fwg sdfgL uhf] . $= 3fp
6f cflbdf cf}ifwL nufOg] ;'Tnf] . %= sg} j:t'sf] rf}8fOltsf] efu . ^= e?jf aGb'sdf
af?b nQf vfFb\g] kmnfd] 8G8L . lj) &= b'O{ xft ndfO ePsf] tLg k'm6sf] . uhs gf) [k
mf)] S;L vfO;s]kl5 d'vsf] :jfb km]g{ vfOg] d;nf hftsf] sg} vfg]sf] .

upg gf) [;+) ud] x]) uf}g . usf gf) [;+)] b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] t];|f] Jo~hgj0f{ u cIf
ug gf) [;+)] != cfsfz ge cGtlIf . @= z"Go . r gf) != cfsfzdfu{af6 cfjthfjt ug]{ b]j
. @= u|x (tff, gIfq O)) . #= kIfL . lj) $= cfsfzdf ljr0f ug]{ cfsfzdfu{n] lxF8\g] .
rfL lj) cfsfzdf lxF8\g] uugr . r'DaL lj) cfsfz;Dd k'u]em}F b]lvg] clt cUnf] cfs
. w"ln gf) != cfsfzdf p8\g] jf t'jfFnf]sf kdf JofKt x'g] dl;g' w"nf] . @= s]tsLsf
] k"mn kmlqmFbf kfusf] kdf p8\g] w"nf] s]tsL kfu . e]bL lj) cfsfznfO{ e]bg ug]{ jf l
g]{ cfsfze]bL 7"nf] rsf]{ (zAb jf :j) . ~ ljxfL lj) uugrfL (rGb|, ;"o,{ kIfL) . l
) lj);+) !()# df /x:odo 9\un] xTof ul/Psf Ps ef/bf/ . :kzL{ lj) cfsfzdf 5'g k'Ug] c
fsfz 5'g] uugr'DaL . uun gf) [c\)] w"nf]d}nf], 3fdsf] k|v ls0f cflbaf6 cfFvf hf]ufpg
nufOg] sfnf], gLnf] cflb sf] r:df . uu|]6f] gf) [ufu|f] P6f]] kfgLsf eL ufu|f fVg agfO
sf] 7fpF ufu|f] fVg] cf6 jf 6fF8 . uUn]6f] gf) x]) uf}n]tf] . u6f] gf) x]) uFu6f] . u
uf gf) [;+)] != lxdfno (u\uf]qL)af6 lg:sL blIf0f k"jL{ sf]0flt aUb} uP a\uf]k;fudf
, lxGb"xsf] kljq hnfzo lkt[d'lStsf] k|tLs dflgPsf] eftjif{sf] k|l;4 Ps gbL k'f0fcg';
f ;usf 5f]fxsf] d'lStsf lglDt euLy fhfn] tk:offf k[YjLdf NofOPsf] egL k|Voft ePsf]
uLyL hfXgjL . @= if8\rqmsf] cEof; ug]{ of]u;fwssf] ;dflw cj:yfdf k|of]u x'g] gf8L O
{8fgf8L . ~ hd'gf gf) != dxfeft jf cGo k'f0fn] eftjif{sf] k|frLg Oltxf;n] rrf{ ub}{
cfPsf, k'0osf ;|f]t dflgg], k|ofudf ldn]sf b'O{ gbL u\uf hd'gf gbL kf08jxsf] tLy{ofq
fdf rlr{t u\uf s[i0fsf] sfnLobdgdf rlr{t gbL . @= sg} klg h'DNofxL lbbLalxgL (gfd f
Vg] rngcg';f) . ~ hd'gL gf) != lgTosd{ tyf k"hfcfhfdf kfgL r9fpg k|of]u ulg], tfdf]
, lkQn cflb wft' ld;fP agfOPsf] (hnkfq) . @= lkQn jf 9nf]6 kmnfd ufF;L l;tfdf h8\g
sf nflu agfOPsf] kbf{ . hn gf) u\uf gbLsf] kfgL efuLyLsf] hn (k|foM b]jlkt[sfo{df k|
f]u ulg] jf :jR5tf, kljqtf lgd{ntfsf] ;\st ] lbg] cy{df, pbf) u\ufhnn] ;"o{nfO{ c3{
. pvfg) . ~ bzxf gf) Ho]i7 z'Sn k|ltkbfb]lv cfDe eO{ lgoldt kdf :gfg uL bzdLsf lbg k
kljdf]rgsf lglDt x'g] pT;j

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

uhSsuh]Gb| uhSs lqm) lj) [c) d") uhs\ s] l;n] jf k'mtL{ wfsn] ulDsg] uL udSs . uhuh
lj) [c) d") uh\ c (l))] != lunf] jf n]bf] j:t'nfO{ d'5\g] jf dy]Ng] lsl;dn] . @= d
fG5]n] f]un] cfqmd0f u]sf a]nf cyjf a:t'efpn] To:t} ;fx|f] 3fF; vfPsf a]nf d'vaf6
kmLFh sf9\g] uL . > uhuhL lqm) lj) zL3|tfsf ;fy d'vaf6 kmLFh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . uhluL
gf) [uh lul] k'n, ;fF3' cflb agfpFbf nfnfO{ bf] tlGsnf] kfg{ jlklsf hldgdf uf8L 9'\
F6 cflbn] alnof] agfOPsf] vDaf ;]t':tDe . uh3 lqm) lj) [uh 3] sg} sfd guL, cgfjZos k
pF cf]u6] ;do latfpg] 9fFrfn] xfQL a;]em}F a:g] lsl;d;Fu 9;d:; . uhHh lqm) lj) x]) u
huh . uh6f] gf) Pp6f xftn] ;dft] jf pefP lemSbf cfpg ;Sg] cGg, 3fF;, kfn cflbsf] kldf
0f . > uh6fO gf) uh6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . uh6fOg' s) lqm) xftsf] kGhfdf c6fP;Dd lem
lsg' udSof{Og' . . uh6fpg' ;) lqm) xftn] udSof{pg' xftdf c6\g ;s]hlt lemSg' xftn] Eof
P;Dd pefpg' udSof{pg' . uhbGt gf) [;+)] != xfQLsf] bfFt x:tLbGt . @= u0f]z . ~ dl0f
gf) xfQL k"} l5lKkPkl5 To;sf bfFtleq kfOg] 7"nf vfnsf] df]tLsf bfgfhqf] kbfy{ xfQL
sf bfFtsf] ax'dN "o kbfy{ . uhbfg gf) [;+)] != d:t pd] ePsf xfQLsf] db . @= ljlwk"
j{s ulg] xfQLsf] bfg . uhwDd lqm) lj) [uhw'Dd] 7"nf] f; jf y'k|f] k] xg] lsl;dn] grn
O{sg w'dw'dtL . > uhwDd] lj) uhwDd k]sf] 6;sf] d; geO{ a:g] . uhw'Dd lqm) lj) [;+) uh
k|f) w'Dd] x]) uhwDd . > uhw'Dd] uhw'Dd k]sf] uhwDd] . uhkfn gf) [;+)] xfQLsf] kfngk
f]if0f ug]{ dfG5] xfQLsf] vjfL ug]{ JolQm dfx't] . uhlkKknL gf) [;+)] 7"nf] hftsf] lk
Knf . uha lj) [c)] != ljz]if lsl;dsf] cgf}7f] ljnIf0f cb\et ' . gf) @= cfZro{ 5Ss . u
haGwg gf) [;+)] xfQL afFWg] yfd jf 7"nf] df]6f] sLnf] vdfL . uhaf! gf) [kmf) uh ;+) +
jf0f] 9f]sf aGb ug{ uf}df hl8Psf] nfdf] ue]{ cfUnf] la]cfUnf] . uhaf@ gf) ljz]if uL
, gfDnf, bfDnf cflb agfpg kf6sf kdf k|of]u ulg] xlof] \usf nfdfnfdf 8'F8 cfsfsf nf]k
x'g] tL nf]k|fsf] b'j} 5]p 6'Kkfdf 3f]Rg]
300

sfF8f ePsf] 7"nf7"nf of x'g] To;} ofaf6 lgl:sPsf] 6';f] a9L k'm6] kmn;d]t nfUg] Ps y
a'6f] . uhdl0f gf) [;+)] xfQLsf d:tsdf xg] ftf] sf] ljlzi6 k|sfsf] df]tLh:tf] b]lvg]
d"No kbfy{ uhd'Stf uhdf]tL . uhd'Stf gf) [;+)] x]) uhdl0f . uhdf]tL gf) [;+) uhd'Stf
] x]) uhdl0f . uhdf]/f] gf) x]) uHdf}/f] . uh gf) [;+) uh{] ;do;\s]ts 306 aHg'eGbf kl
xn] jf kl5 aHg] afhf (sg} 6]a'n jf leQ] 38L cflbdf) aLrdf lbOg] 306, 306L cflbsf] g
fb jf cfjfh . uhf gf) [;+) u'R56] != dfGb|d ] ; ] f] a'f b]lvg] uL a'lgPsf] kfnsf] ;'
sn . @= df]6f] afSnf] b]lvg] lx;fan] pg]sf] k"mnsf] dfnf k'ikxf . uhfh gf) [;+)] !=
"nf] xfQL >]i7 xfQL ayfgsf] gfOs] xfQL . @= OGb|sf] jfxg P]fjt . uhn gf) [c)] pb"{ /
kmf/;Ldf n]lvg], gflosfsf] ;f}Gbo{ / p;k|ltsf] k|]dsf] j0f{g x'g] To:tf] sljtfe]b
h;df % b]lv !! ;Dd z]/ (o'Uds) x'G5g\ . ;a} z]/ Pp6} /lbkm (sflkmofkl5 cfpg] zA
b;d"x) / sflkmof (cGTofg'kf | ;) df /lrPsf x'G5g\ / k|To]s z]/sf] ljifo leGg x'G
5 . klxnf] z]/ dTnf slxG5 / o;sf b'j} ld;/f (k\lQm) ;fg'k|f; x'G5g\ clg clGtd z]/
dQmf slxG5 / o;df zfo/n] cfgf] pkgfd k|:t't ub{5 . uhzfnf gf) [;+)] xfQLx afFWg] 3
jf 7fpF xfQL;f . uhfgg gf) [;+)] xfQLsf] h:tf] d'v ePsf b]jtf uf}Lk'q u0f]z . ulhnf]
) [kmf) uh] uh jf rf}8fOltsf] efu kmflsnf] ePsf] 7"nf] uhsf] . uhL lj) [uh O{] 7"nf] u
h ePsf] ulhnf] . vn gf) j}Bxsf] ;flb cf}ifwL lkFWg] 7"nf] ulxf] vfnsf] vn . uh'
f) u'h] { b]jb]jLsf dlGbdf flvg] lzvsf cfsfsf] 7f8f] r'Rr] w'L snz . uh'jf lj) sfnf]
zL v}f] sf] 6fpsf] jf y't'gf] ePsf] (uf]?) . uh]6 gf) [c)] ;j{;fwf0fsf] hfgsfLsf
w sfls cf}krfls sf k|sflzt ulg] ;sfL kq fhkq . > uh]6]8 lj) != fhkqdf pNn]v e
, ;"rgf, gfd O)) . @= clws[t :tsf] . uh]6f] gf) [ufh P6f]] pv'sf] ;af6 v'bf] jf ;v agf
pFbf Hofld cflbs]f r's ksfpFbf ufhsf] kdf d}nf] kmLFh lgsfNg] a]Nrfsf cfsfsf] rf]of
sf] ;fwg . uh]Gb| gf) [;+)] != uhfh 7"nf] xfQL >]i7 xfQL . @= P]fjt OGb|sf] jfxg .
If gf) != k'f0f cflbsf

301

uhf]u7] v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . uf] gf) s6x cflbsf] slnnf] kmn l5lKkOg;s]sf] km;L
{ s}8 F f] . uf! gf) != hd36 e]nf jf hDdf u7 . @= alnof] uL s;]sf] 7"nf] efL . uf@
]k, aGb's cflb c:qsf] uf]nL, af?b cflb lj:kmf]6s j:t' . 3 gf) ;]gf jf ;}lgs;DaGwL
xftxltof, uf]nf, af?b cflb fVg] ;sfL 3 z:qfuf . u7 gf) != Ps} 7fpFdf Ps} p2]Zon] x'
hgfsf] a6'nf] hDdf e]nf . @= dtf] jf ;Nnfx ldn]sf dflg;xsf] ;d"x . u7g gf) != sg} lg
lZrt p2]Zosf] klk"lt{sf lglDt sg} bn jf ;+:yfsf] lgdf{0f . @= agfpg] sfd ;\36g lgdf{0
f rgf . stf{ lj) u7g ug]{ jf agfpg] ;\ul7t k lbg] . u7gL gf) [;+) u|GygL] != ufO{a
fFWg] bfDnfsf] ufF7f] undufF7f] . u7aGwg gf) [u7 aGwg] != sg} sfdsfsf nflu Ps eP ldNg
fd k:ksf] ldnf]dtf] . @= sg} :jfy{l;l4sf nflu ulg] cfk;L ;fF7ufF7 . u7lg' c) lqm) [
!= ufF7fufF7f kg'{ u7L jf kf]sf]h:tf] x'g' hf]lN6g' n7flg' . @= k'8\sf] jf UofFr] x'
g' UofFRr k]sf] x'g' . #= ;fx|f] x'g' . u7L gf) [u7f] O] != ?dfn, asf]{, rfb cflbdf s
j:t' xfnL u7ofOPsf] ;fgf] kf]sf] kf]sf]kGtf] s6'f] . lj) @= xf]rf] sbsL xf]rL (x]o)
d7L gf) w]} ;;fdfg u7ofOPsf kf]sf jf s6'fsf] ;d"x kf]sf]kGtf] . u7f] lj) != ufF7
u7lPsf] . @= a9\g g;s] uflG6Psf] k';'{g] k'8\sf] . gf) #= 7"nf] kf]sf] . u7ofO gf) [
l (ofO)] u7lg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u7ofOg' s) lqm) u7f] kflg' hf]N6fOg' .
;) lqm) != kf]sf] kfg'{ ufF7f] kfg'{ sDNofpg' . @= cNemfpg' hf]N6fpg' . ul7pg gf) [;+
u|lGyk0f{] != cfFVnfsf b'jk } l kft knfpg], To;} 7fpFaf6 xfFuf xfNg] gLnf k"mn k
'mNg], a'6Lsf lglDt pkof]uL Ps ;'uGwo'Qm jg:klt . ul7t lj) [;+)] != sg} sfo{sf] ;~
rfngsf nflu agfOPsf] jf tof kflPsf] u7g ulPsf] . ul7ofjft gf) [;+) u|lGyjft] zLsf hf
{hf]gL{ ;'lgP b'Vg] Ps lsl;dsf] afyf]u cfFVn]afy . ul7nf] lj) [ufF7f]Onf]] kf]l6nf]
x|f] vFlbnf] elnf] . u7] gf) [g]jf) uy'] != tflGqs dt jf wd{kDkf dfGg] g]jfhfltsf] k
h:tf] Ps ju{ . lj) @= a'l4 gePsf]

cg';f xfQLnfO{ u|fxn] ;dft]sf a]nf lji0f'n] ;'bz{g rqmff u|fxnfO{ dfL uhfhnfO{ arfPsf
] k|;
\udf cfwflt syfgs . @= b}jL ljklQdf axfb'/Lk"js { sfo{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg u
g]{ p2]Zon] !((% ;fndf :yflkt g]kfnsf] Ps fli6o kbs . uhf] gf) [kmf) uh] != a]nf, ;
f
\uL cflb tfsf afhfx ]6] ahfOg] wg'h:tf] cfsfsf] ;fwg uh . @= 6fDsf], bdfxf, gufh
] df]]sf afhf ahfOg] 5f]6f]5f]6f] 8G8L . #= xg'dfg\ gfRg] gr'jfxn] k:kdf h'wfpg lng]
nf}f] . uHsg' c) lqm) [uhSs g'] uhSs kg'{ uRsg' uDsg' . > uHsfO gf) uHsg] lqmof jf k|
of . uHsfOg' s) lqm) uHsg nfOg' uhSs kflg' . uHsfpg' k|) ] lqm) uhSs x'g] kfg'{ uHsg
nfpg' uDsfpg' . ulHsg' c) lqm) != uhSs klg' . @= uRsg' uDsg' . uHh lqm) lj) [c) d") u
h\ h] lunf] j:t' Ps} kN6 d'5\g], dy]Ng] jf d'vaf6 w]} kmLFh sf9\g] lsl;dn] . uhdf]/
f] gf)x]) uHdf}/f] . uHdf}lg' c) lqm) [uHdf}f] O g'] != uhdh vhdh x'g' Ps} 7fpFdf u'
h x'g' . @= cnkq kg'{ layf]lng' . uHdf}f] gf) != dfn;fdfgsf] yfGsf]dfGsf] x'g g;sL
c;Nn k]sf] l:ylt cnkq k]sf dfntfnsf] ;d"x uHdf]/f] . @= 3GrdGr u] a:g'kg]{ rfn Ps}
f] u'hd ' H ' h a;fO jf 7]nd7]n . #= ;fFu'f] cj:yf eL8ef8 . uHofu'h ' uHofdHof lqm)
[c) d") uHof (l))] != cg]s k|sfsf j:t' Ps} 7fpFdf cJojl:yt 9\un] ld;df; x'g] lsl;dn]
. gf) @= To:tf] cJojl:yt l:ylt jf 9\u . uh|f6 } f] gf) [ufhn cf}6f]] ufhn fVg] efF8f
] ufhnsf] af . uf gf) [uf] cf] != s]6fs]6Ln] v]Ng] dl;gf uf]n ldn]sf 9'\ufsf 6'qmf
sdnsf] k"mn jf u]8f . #= gljn, a]n cflbsf] kmn . $= gljn jf u'8\u'8] x'Ssfsf] kfgL
xg] efF8f] . %= 6'kL gfVg] hfltnfO{ lxofpFbf eGg] zAb . ^= uf]n jf 8Nnf] j:t' . uL
gf) uf uLsf] ;d"x ;fgf7"nf w]} uf . > uL gf) != u'Rrf v]ndf klxnf]kN6 xflgg] 7fpF
9'\uf jf c j:t' . @= ufsf] v]ndf k|of]u ulg] dl;gf, af6'nf 9'u \ f jf c sg} ;fgf
j:t' uf . #= sndsf] kfOklg flvg] Ps lsl;dsf] l9d|L . u] gf) [uf] P] != kmn jf u]8f e
sf] tf]L, kmfk, ltn cflbsf] af]6 h?jf . lj) @= ufsf 9fFrfsf] uf ePsf] . ~ lk gf) bf
fF b'jl} t kf\uf | fvL aLrsf] kmNofsdf dfG5] a:g] 8f]L jf nLn] tfg] lksf kdf

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u7]rfu9\g' uN8f\u|f] uf]h]f] . u7]rf gf) [g]jf) uy'rf] lrKnf] n]:ofOnf] Ps yL df6
]d\un gf) [g]jf) uyfd'un] != >fj0f s[i0fkIfsf] rt'b{zLsf] lbg . @= >fj0f s[i0f rt'
b{zLsf lbg k"hf ulg] slNkt fIf; 306fs0f{ . u7]f] lj) [u7] Pf]] != fd|L af]Ng g;Sg]
7]a|f] . @= a'l4 gePsf] u7] . u7fu'7' gf) [c) d") u7f (l))] != :ki6;Fu a'g g;lsg]
lg x'g g;s]sf] sfdsf] jf ljifo hfn]dfn] ePsf] sfd . @= hf] ePsf] ;a} j:t' ePhlt ;;fdf
g . u7fd7f gf) [c) d") u7f\ (l))] != u7fu'7 ' uHofu'h' @= emu8f dgf]dflnGo
L of\uf| ] ] zL ;nSs eO{ a9\g g;s]sf] UofFr] u7f] . u8 gf) [;+)] != kbf{ cflbn] 5]ls
7fpF 5]sfaf . @= vf]nf] gbL . #= vfN6f] vf]N;f] . $= Onfsf xftf . u8u8 lqm) lj) [c) d
) u8(l))] d]3 uh]{h:tf] zAb cfpg] uL . > u8u8fO gf) u8u8 zAb lgsfNg] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . u8u8fOg' c) lqm) u8u8 zAb lgsflng' 7"nf] :jn] ulh{g' . u8u8fpg' c) lqm) != u8u8
zAb lgsfNg' ulh{g' . @= a8f] k'mtL{;fy cfOhfO ug'{ . u8u8fx6 gf) u8u8fpg] lsl;d j
f rfn . u8ul8g' c) lqm) [u8u8 O g'] cnfO{ dg gkg]{ vfnsf] sf] ug'{ asalsg' . > u8u8f
ul8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . u8tL gf) [u8 tL] != vf]nfsf] jfl kflsf lsgfsf] kTylnf] jf
hldg vf]nfsf] k|foM cSslnf] tL . @= kfgL nfUg ;Sg] jf g;Sg] ;;fgf] au . #= gbLt6 .
u8Gtfu8Gt] lj) [u8\ cGtfcGt]] != sg} sfddf 3f]lg] To; sfdnfO{ kmQ] ug{ v6\g] :jefjsf
@= ulxf];Dd ufl8g] (3f]rf], 3ff], sf] O)) . #= sfNklgs dgu8Gt] . u8k gf) [u8\ ck] !=
xfO;Dd k'Ug] jf 8'Ag] sfd . @= csf{sf] ;fdfg lnPkl5 glbg] rfnf lwtf] krfpg] sfd x8k
. u8a8 gf) [u8\ a9\] lgodcg';f geO{ tndfly kg]{ sfd uf]ndfn cG8aG8 . > u8a8fO gf) u8a
ug]{ jf u8a8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . u8a8fOg' c) lqm) u8a8 xf]Og' . u8a8fpg'
c) lqm) tndfly kL cJojl:yt b]lvg' u8a8 x'g' uf]ndfn x'g' . u8al8g' c) lqm) u8a8 xf]O
g' tndfly klg' . u8a8] lj) != uf]ndfn ePsf] tndfly k]sf] l;nl;nf gldn]sf] . @= u8a8 u
]{ hyfefaL ug]{ . u8a8fO gf) u8al8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
302

u8a8fOg' s) lqm) uf]ndfn ulg' u8a8 kflg' . u8a8\ofpg' k|) ] lqm) qmd jf lgod laufg'{
a8 kfg'{ uf]ndfn ug'{ . u8ofu'8'? lqm) lj) [c) d") u8of\ c(l))] != d]3 uh{g] lsl;dn
@= d]3 uh{{+bfsf] u8fu'8' Wjlg . u8of\ lqm) lj) [c) d") u8of\ c (l))] r6f kbf{
7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dl;t . u8n lj) [u8\ cn] ulxf];Dd efl;Psf] u8\g] vfnsf] . uf8n g
) uf8\g]jg]{ sfd . u8fO gf) [ u8\(cfO)] != u8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ uf8\ (cfO)
] @= uf8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u8fOg' s) lqm) u8\g jf uf8\g nfOg' . u8
fp lj) != ufl8Psf] jf wl;Psf] u8'jf . @= d'2fdfldnf jf rfllqs cleof]udf s;'bf 7xlFb}
sf] . u8fpg' k|) ] lqm) != ef:g nfpg' u8\g nfpg' . @= uf8\g nfpg' . ul8g' c) lqm) u
fl8g' efl;g' . u8L gf) [af) af])] u]8fu'8L vfg]sf] (ds}, rgf, e6df; O)) . u8'jf! gf)
[ s?jf] 6'6L ufFl;Psf] kfgLsf] efF8f] s?jf . u8'jf@ lj) [u8\\pjf] u8]sf] jf ufl8Psf]
u8n . u8]L gf) [u8\9fPL] ;fgf]ltgf] vf]N;fdf jf ;'n;'n] d}nf] kfgL ePsf] 7fpFdf x'g]
Ps hftsf] df5f] . u8\sg' c) lqm) [t'n) s8\sg', uh{g'] jflkmnf] kffn] jf 8wfs b]vfpg
] p2]Zon] cfj]udf cfP 7"nf] :jn] af]Ng' s8\sg' uh{g' . > u8\sfO gf) u8\lsg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . u8\sfOg' s) lqm) k'mtL{ b]vfOg' s8\sfOg' . u8\sfpg' k|) ] lqm) u8\sg
] kfg'{ jfkm b]vfpg' . u8\lsg' c) lqm) != jfkm jf k'mtL{;fy af]lng' s8\lsg' . @= u8\s
g' . u8\9f gf) [;+) ut{] hldgdf vg] jf cfkm}F vf]lnP ag]sf] vfN8f] vf8n vf8L . u8f
u'
lqm) lj) [c) d") u8f
\c(l))] != d]3 uh{+bfem}F 7"n7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] .@= sg} kl
g ux|f}F ;fdfg otfplt yrflFbfem}F cfjfh lg:sg] uL . gf) #= d]3sf] uh{g afbnsf] s8\s
fO . $= u8a8 uf]ndfn . u8f
d8f
gf) [c) d") u8f
\c(l))] uf]ndfn u8a8 . u8f
\
lqm
f jh| kbf{em}F 7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] rfnn] . u9\g' c) lqm) != sg} ljifodf leqL tx;Dd k'
Ug' ulxlg' Psfu|tf;fy nfUg' . @= sg} tLvf] j:t' jf k]lrnf] sf] dd{;Dd k'Ug' u8\g' l
#= c;To jf chdfPsf sfdf

303

u9u08dfnf u0fgfos gf) [;+)] != u0f]z uf}Lk'q u0fklt . @= sg} u0fsf] jf ;d"xsf] gfos
f] g]tf . u0fklt gf) [;+)] != u0f]z u0fgfos . @= sg} u0f jf ;d"xsf] g]tf . #= ;}lgs
u0fsf] k|d'v . u0fkf7 gf) [;+)] Pp6} lgodleq cfpg ;Sg] zAb;d"x . u0fk"s lj) [;+)]
;ef, a}7s cflb ;~rfng ubf{ sg} k|:tfj kflt ug{ cfjZos kg]{ cyjf u0fk"lt{sf lglDt t
f]lsPcg';fsf] (;\Vof) . u0fk"lt{ gf) [;+)] a}7s jf ;efsf] ;~rfng ug{sf lglDt lgodlj
wfgcg' ; f rflxg] ;b:oxsf] pkl:ylt ;b:o;\Vofsf] k'Ubf] e]nf (sf]d) . u0ffHo gf) [;+)
n]6f]ff klslNkt tyf :jfoQ zf;gsf u0fdf ;Da4 fHo u0ftGqL fHo . ul0fsf gf) [;+)] d"No
of}jg laqmL uL hLljsf rnfpg] :qL j]Zof G8L . ul0ft gf) [;+)] != ;\Vof kl0ffd;DaGwL
osf] zf:q lx;fasf] 1fg ufpg] zf:q . @= uGg] sfd u0fgf . lj) #= lx;fa ulPsf] u0fgf ulP
f] . 1 lj) != ul0ft hfGg] ul0ftzf:qsf] 1ftf ul0ftsf] ljz]if1 . @= Hof]ltifL . u0f]z
gf) [;+)] != xfQLsf] h:tf] 6fpsf] dflg;sf] zL ePsf], lglj{gtfsf k|tLs dflgg] Ps b]j
tf u0fklt ljgfos . @= u0f jf bnsf] dflns . #= ;]gfklt ;]gfWoIf . ~ rt'yL{ gf) u0f]zs
f j|tsf] nflu pQd dflgPsf] efb| z'Sn kIfsf] / df3 s[i0f kIfsf] rt'yL{ (efb| z'Sn
rf}yLsf lbg rGb|df x]g'{ x'Fb}g x]lof], b]lvof] eg] csf{sf] kmnk"mn ladfv u] bf]i
fd'Qm xf]OG5 eg] rf}yL xfGg] rng 5) . ~ rf}yL gf) u0f]zrt'yL{ . ~ k'f0f gf) u0f]zsf]
dfxfTDo j0f{g ePsf] Ps k'f0f . ~ k"hf gf) h'g;'s} z'e sfo{sf k|fDedf lglj{g sfo{;dfl
Ktsf] sfdgf uL l;l4bftfsf kdf ulg] u0f]zsf] k"hf . ~ lxdfn gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] wflb l
Nnfdf kg]{ &,$)( ld6 cUnf], lxpF g} lxpFn] 9flsPsf] Ps kj{t>]0fL . u08 gf) [;+)] !
= d'vsf] bfofFafofF tyf cfFvfsf dlGt kg]{ b'O{ kf6f ufnf . @= xfQLsf] sgk6L . #= 3
fpvl6f] . $= ufF8 . %= u}F8f . ^= cfFVnf] ufF7f] . u08s gf) [;+) u08sL] x]) u08sL .
u08sL gf) [;+)] != g]kfnsf] dWoklZrd If]qdf aUg] k|l;4 gbL . @= g]kfnsf] klZrdf~r
n ljsf;If]qdf kg]{ Ps c~rn . u08b"jf{ gf) [;+)] 3f]8]b"af] . u08dfnf gf) [;+)] 3fF
6Ldf jlkl dfnfsf cfsfsf] ufF7u } fF7f k] cfpg] f]u s07dfnf .

nfUg' . u9 gf) [;+) u8] != k|frLg fHoJoj:yfdf ;'Iffsf] aGbf]a:t ldnfpg] 7fpF jf uf}F
8f] . @=;]gf jf xftxltof t}gfy ulPsf] 7fpF u9L lsNnf b'u{ . u9Gt lj) [u9\ cGt] != sg
fodf uDeLkn] ljrf ug]{ ljrfjfg\ . @= jf:tljstf geP klg sfn] l7Ss kflPsf] xf] h:tf]
f] . #= sfNklgs u8Gtf . u9fO gf) [ u9 -cfO_] u9\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u9fOg' s)
lqm) ulxf] kdf ljrf ug{ nfOg' . u9fpg' k|]) lqm) ulxfO;Dd k'ofpg' ljrf ug]{ kfg'{
g' c) lqm) ulxlP ;f]lrg' chdfOg' . ' L u9L, u9L gf) [u9O{] ;fgf] u9 (lr;fkfgL u9L, l;
wn pbok' u9L O)) . u0f gf) [;+)] != sg} Ps ljifodf ;dfgtf ePsf dflg; jf b]jtfsf] ;d
'bfo hdft ;d"x ju{ . @= r b"t . #= cg'r ;]js . $= lzjsf kfif{b jf cg'rxsf] bn . %=
qcg';f n3'u? ' sf lx;fan] x]sf tLgtLg cIfsf] cf7 ;d"x (ou0f, du0f, tu0f, u0f, hu0f,
eu0f, gu0f ;u0f) . ^= kfl0flgsf Jofs0fdf PsPs hdftdf 5'fOPsf e", cb\, r'\ cflb wft';
d"x . &= Hof]ltifzf:q cg';f dflg;df x]sf tyf jjw"sf hGdklqsf x]bf{ h'fOg] b]ju0f, dg'
iou0f, fIf;u0f h:tf tLg txdWo] sg} Ps . *= ax'jrg hgfpg] Ps lrXg (dlxnfu0f, ;Hhgu0
f O)) . u0fs lj) [;+)] != u0fgf ug]{ uGg] . gf) @= lx;fa ug]{ oGq (Sofnsn]6) . #= ul
0ftHof]ltifL b}j1 . u0flrXg gf) [;+)] cfgf k'vf{xsf] ;Demgfdf ;\st ] :jk k'lhg] lrXg
u0ftGq gf) [;+)] != b]zsf] zf;gk|0ffnL :yfgLo txb]lv s]Gb|Lo tx;Dd g} hgtfff lgjf{l
rt k|ltlglwxaf6 ;~rflnt x'g] fhgLlts Joj:yf hgtGq . jfbL gf) u0ftGqdf ljZjf; ug]{ jf
u0ftGqsf l;4fGtcg';f rNg] u0ftGqsf] kIfkftL . > u0ftGqL lj) != u0ftGq;DaGwL u0ftGqs
f l;4fGtcg'ksf] . @= u0ftGqsf] cg'ofoL . u0ftGqLo lj) u0ftGqL . u0ftflGqs lj) u0ftG
qL . u0fb]jtf gf) [;+)] ;d"xsf kdf xg] b]jtf, cflbTo, ljZjb]jf, j;', t[lift, cefZj,
clgn, dxfflhs, ;fWo ?b| oL b]jtfsf] ;d"x . u0fb|Jo gf) [;+)] ;fd"lxs lxtsf lglDt sg
} ;+:yfdf hDdf ulPsf] wgflz ;femf ;DklQ . u0fg gf) [;+)] uGg] sfd uGtL u0fgf . u0fgf
) [;+)] != uGtL ug]{ sfd ugfO . @= lx;fa n]vf . #= >]0fL jf :tsf] lgwf{0f dfGg] sfd .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u08:ynubL u08:yn gf) [;+)] skf]n ufnfsf] kf6f] ufnf . u08f gf) x]) uG8f! . u08fl:y g
[;+)] ufnfsf] dflyNnf] efu cfFvfsf] tNnf] efudf kg]{ xf8 ufnfsf] xL . u0o lj) [;+)]
;fdflhs tyf g}lts dof{bfdf k|ltli7t u0fgf ug{ nfos uGg of]Uo . dfGo lj) != ;dfhsf
ljleGg cfbz{ k|lti7fn] o'St uGg' dfGg'kg]{ ;Ddflgt . gf) @= ;DdfggLo JolQm . ut! gf
) [;+) ult] != bogLo l:ylt ghftL xfnt b'ul{ t . @= ;\uLtzf:qsf cg';f ljleGg fuflugLsf
lgwf{lt :j jf no afhfdf ptfg]{ sfd . ut@ lj) [;+)] != uO;s]sf] lxF8]sf] uPsf] . @= ;d
fKt ePsf] lat]sf] . #= hLjgaf6 d'St eO;s]sf] d]sf] d[t . > utfut gf) != lgGt kdf x'
jthfjt cfjfudg . @= cfWoflTds cy{df ;+;frqmdf eOxg] cfjfudg hGdd0f . lj) #= cfPuPsf]
OhfO u]sf] . utf\s gf) != kqklqsf cflbsf] uPsf] kN6 k|sflzt ePsf] c\s ;Gbe{df cfPsf]
seGbf klxn]sf] c\s o;eGbf cl3Nnf] c\s . @= uPsf] jf 36fOPsf] c\s (ul0ftdf) . utfg'ut
gf) kDkfut k|yfsf] h:tfsf] t:t} kfng jf cg';0f . utfg'ults lj) kDkfut sfsf lxt cl
fglag, ts{, ljZn]if0f ljrfsf cfwfdf guL cGwfg';0f ug]{ k'fgf Lltlyltsf] cGwfg'ofoL
jrfljgf csf] kl5 nfUg] . utfy{ lj) ljlbt eO;s]sf] ljifo cfBf]kfGt v'n:t 5n{\u ePsf]
ult gf) [;+)] != Ps l:ylt, k cflbaf6 csf]{ l:ylt, kcflb;Ddsf] kljt{g jf Ps 7fpFb]lv
csf]{ 7fpF;Ddsf] udg rfn lxF8fO ;fO j]u . @= sg} klg j:t' jf k|f0fLsf] bzf cj:yf .
;Defljt k|of;sf] ;Ldf Ifdtf zlQm tfut . $= hLjfTdfn] d[To'kl5 k|fKt ug]{ cj:yf . %=
d[tssf] b]xfj;fgkl5 bfx;+:sfb]lv lnP b; lbg;Ddsf] sfhlqmof . ^= O{ZjLo :jk df]If d'l
m . &= k|j]z kx'Fr . *= dfu{ af6f] . (= jf:t' tyf d"lt{snfdf tL; c\u'n jf k|fb'ef{j
sf] tLg u'0ffafasf] gfkf] (tL; OGr) gf8L . 5f8f lj) != cfgf] OHht dof{bfcg';f grN
klt gePsf] . @= sfd ug]{ zlQm eP klg jf:tf gug]{ jf xftv'f grnfpg] x'tLxff . hGo lj)
ultaf6 pTkGg ePsf] ult hgfpg] ult;DaGwL . ~ g uf; gf) vfg]nfpg] a:g] Joj:yf gePsf]
:ylt clt bLgxLg jf b'a{n cj:yf . ~ g klt gf) cfgf] fd|f] cj:yf klg gePsf] sf]xL Ifs
lg gePsf] l:ylt . klt gf) cj:yf xfnt . dlt gf) cj:yf a'l4 a'l4 kll:ylt
304

b'j}n] ;fy glbPsf] xfnt jf lgwf]{ cj:yf . do lj) lgGt rlnxg] ult ePsf] rnfodfg\ .
lj) ult ePsf] ultzLn j]ujfg\ . lxt lj) ult jf j] u xLg ultzLntfsf] cefj ePsf] lgZr
f]w gf) h'g;'s} sfdsfsf] qmlds ultdf afwf k]sf] cj:yf ultsf] Jojwfg afwfc8\sfp .
lj) [;+) ultn] fd|f] ePsf] c;n a]; uxlsnf] . ultjfb gf) [;+)] sg} klg kbfy{ jf j:t'sf
ult;DaGwL bz{g jf l;4fGt vuf]n tyf e"uf]nsf ljleGg j:t'xsf] ultl;4fGt . ultlj1fg g
f) [;+)] j:t' jf kbfy{sf] ult;DaGwL 1fg ufpg] zf:q ultsf] j}1flgs cWoog ufpg] ljBf
. ultljlw gf) [;+)] != sg} klg JolQm, sfdsf cflbsf] Joj:yf jf l:ylt k|s[ltsf ;Dk"0f{
kIfdf x]km] eOxg] \u9\u . @= rfnrng lxF8fOrnfO xfnrfn r]i6f . ultzLn lj) [;+)] !=
df jf Pp6} l:yltdf ;Lldt geO{ lgGt cufl8 nDsg] lxF88'n ug]{ rNg] rnfodfg . @= cfgf] ;
y;fy} cnfO{ klg ;lqmo agfpg r]i6f ug]{ nIodf cu|; x'g] . #= pGgltzLn . ~ pmhf{ gf) sg
} klg j:t'df x]sf] ultaf6 pTkGg ePsf] zlQm OGwgzlQm . tf gf) ultzLn x'gfsf] efj jf
cj:yf . ~ g]tT [ j gf) ;Ifd g]tfff cj:yfcg'j"mn df]8 lnFb} klis[t x'Fb} hfg] jf hgtf
nfO{ lbOg] cu|ufdL tyf plrt kyk|bz{g . ultxff lj) [ult xff] != hfFud?jf . @= ult5f8f .
ultxLg gf) [;+)] != sg} ult jf pkfo gePsf] f]lsPsf] jf cl8Psf] . @= c;xfo b'MvL . ut
] gf) [;+) ut]] != ;"o{ Ps flzaf6 csf]{ flzdf ;]sf] lbgnfO{ Ps ut] dfgL To; flzdf ;"o
{ x'Gh]n a9\b} hfg] k|To]s lbg ldlt . uQ lj) [ut] != uPu'h|]sf] ult g kltsf] cj:yf la
u|]sf] . uQd lj) [uQ] ultdlt gePsf] uPu'h|]sf] 2L . uTojf]w gf) [;+)] x]) ultf]w . u
f] gf) [;+) ufyf] w]} sfnb]lv dgdf ufl9P a;]sf ;'vb'Mv jf kL8fdd{sf] uGyg b'Mvk'sff b
v];f] . ub! gf) [;+)] != Joflw f]u . @= ljif ljiffn' kbfy{ . #= k'f0fsf cg';f s[i0fsf
Ps efOsf] gfd . $= clZjgLsdf . ub@ gf) nfdf 7"nf kft x'g], 3f]ufsf cfsfsf 7"nf k"mn
k'mNg] kx]n F f] sf] sGb x'g] Ps jGo a'6L jf To;}sf] sGb d'f . ub gf) [c) ub|] != J
m, ;dfh jf fi6sf] k:k ljb|f]x ljKnj pkb|j . @= xf]xNnf vnanL . ubf gf) 7"nf] km
fn ;'sn uhf . ubL lj) [u'bL cL] ev{ xf k:g nfu]sf] jf slnnf]

305

ubfugL l:ylt . ub\ofsu'bs '| lqm) lj) [c) d") ub|fs (l))] != dflg; jf cGo k|f0fLsf r
fnr'n jf le8Gtaf6 em}F cfjfh pTkGg x'g] lsl;dn] . gf) @= ;fgf]ltgf] dfn;fdfg h]t]
d]t] vofsv'q's . uwf gf) [;+) ub{e] != 3f]8fsf hfltsf] t 3f]8feGbf ;fgf] k|foM v}f]
x'g], efL af]Sg] sfddf nufOg], :tgkfoLju{sf] kfNt' hgfj . @= a'l4 ljj]sxLg dfG5]n
fO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . ~ klRr;L gf) pd]sf b[li6n] hjfg ePsf] t ljj]s a'l4sf
b[li6n] k|f}9tf cfOg;s]sf] cj:yf ;f]x| jif{dfly kRrL; jif{dlgsf], r~rntf, cl:ytf
pR5[\vntfsf] ;Defjgf ePsf] cj:yf . (pbf) clxn] p;n] uwfkRrL;L g} kf u]sf] 5}g, h] dg
nfUof] ToxL u5{) . ug\g' ;) lqm) [;+) u0f\g'] != sg} klg j:t'sf] ;
\Vof jf kldf0f lg
g' uGtL ug'{ lx;fa ug'{ . @= >]0fL jf :tdf l:jsfg'{ dfGg' . #= cf1fkfng ug'{ 6]g'{ .
ugug gf) [c) d") ug\c(l))] dGb:jdf emsf]{ nfUg] uL cfpg] af]nL jf cfjfh To;L afDaf
sf] srsr kmtkmt . > ugugfO gf) ugugfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ugugfOg' c) lqm) ugug ulg
tkmtfOg' . ugugfpg' c) lqm) != clncln uL emsf]{ nfUg] kffn] srsrfpg' kmtkmt ug'{ . @=
dgn] vfPsf;Fu cfgf] kLdsf{ b'Mv;'vsf sf vf]Ng' . ugugfx6 gf) ugugfpg] lqmofk|lqmof,
j:yf jf rfn . ugug] lj) ugug ug]{ ugugfpg] . ugyg gf)x]) uGyg . ugfO gf) [ ug\ (cfO)]
!= uGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ugfpcfO ] @= ugfpg] efj, lqmof jf k| l qmof . [
> ] ugfOg' s) lqm) != uGtL ufOg' uGg nfOg' . c) lqm) @= u0odfGo x'g' . #= b'u{Gw cf
Og' . ugfpg' k|) ] lqm) uGtL ufpg' uGg nfpg' . ugfpg' c) lqm) [;+) uGwcfpg'] != gfd|
uGw cfpg' b'u{Gw km}ng' . @= abgfdL x'g' la
la
fpg' . ugfL gf) kfgL nfUg] jf k'Ug] ulx
]t . ulgugfp gf) != uGg]jg]{ sfd u0fgf ug]{ sfd . @= dfn;fdfgsf] lsga]r ubf{gub}{
lng]lbg] sfd xftfxftL . ulgg' s) lqm) [ug\Og'] != uGtL ulg' u0fgf ulg' . @= u0odfGo
Og' k|Voft algg' . ulgdt gf) [c) ugLdt] yf]}df klg ;Gtf]if jf ;dfwfg x'g] sf] lrQa'em
O . ugL cJo) [ug\O{] uGg] sfd u] ug] . ~ ls:tf gf) != 7]sbf jf JofkfLn] ls:tfaGbLs
} klxn] g}

b'lwnf] ds} . ubf gf) [;+)] != lji0f'sf rf e'hfdWo] Ps e'hfdf xg] xltof . @= k|frLgs
fndf o'4df k|of]u ulg], 6'Kkflt wft' jf sf7sf] 7"nf] ufF7f] ePsf] Ps xltof . w gf) l
i0f' . ubfnf] gf) bf}f;'?jfn nufpFbf bf}faflx nufOg] n'uf sf]6 . ubfNg' gf) g]kfnsf]
0ff{nL c~rnsf n]sfnL e]ult kfOg] Ps jGo cf}ifwL jf a'6L . ub\sg' c) lqm) cfuf] afn]
pdfNbf eft, tsfL cflb 58\sg' ub\ub\ ug'{ . > ub\sfO gf) ub\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ub
\sfOg' s) lqm) ub\sg] kflg' . ub\sfpg' ;) lqm) ub\sg] kfg'{ 56\sfpg' . ub\ub lj) [;+)
] != sg} k|flKt jf ;kmntfdf k|;Gg ePsf] xlif{t . @= xif{n] af]n]sf] jf esesfPsf] (
af]nL jf :j) gf) #= cfgGb xif{ . ub\ub\ lqm) lj) [c) d") ub\ (l))] afSnf] jf n]bf] k
bfy{ 58\sg] jf ub\sg] rfndf . u2 gf) != ynyn ug]{ lxnf] ef; wfk . @= kmf]x d}nf . lj)
#= kmf]xL . kf]; gf) uf]8f k'5\gsf lglDt 9f]sfdf la5fOg] ;gkf6, gljn, tf cflbaf6 ag]
f] v;|f] rs6L . u2f gf) [lx)] ?jf, a8 cflbaf6 ag]sf] gd afSnf] la5fpgf u2L . u2f l
)] != cfk;L xs, lxt ljZjf;df cf3ft k'ofpg] wf]va ] fh, a]Odfg . @= zflGt ;'Joj:yfd
f xnrn Nofpg] jf pTkft dRrfpg] 7"nf] ljb|f]x jf cft\s ug]{ . > u2fL gf) u2fsf] sfo{ j
f :jefj a]OdfgL wf]sfafhL . u2L gf) [u2f O{] != fhl;+xf;g ufbL . @= xfQLsf xf}bfdf la5
g] cf;g . #= afSnf], gd vfnsf] la5fpgf u2f 8;gf . gl;+xgl;g lj) l;+xf;gdf cff]x0f
2Ldf a;]sf] . ~ a}7s gf) klxn] /fhfsf] u2L x]sf] xg'dfg\9f]sfl:yt a}7s ufbLa}7s . u
b\b ' gf) != dfpaf6 5'lg] a]nf gePsf] efn'sf] aRrf] . lj) @= sfd gnfUg] a]sDdf nb\b"
. uB gf) [;+)] sfJo jf ;flxTosf ;+rgfTds lzNk tyf z}nLljz]ifsf cfwfdf ljeflht e]bd
Wo] Ps 5Gb nosf] cf}krfls aGwgdf cfwflt gePsf] e]b . ~ sljtf gf) 5Gb nosf] cf}krfl
ljgf cleJolQmdf sljtfTds tj elPsf] rgf 5Gbd'St sljtf . ~ sfJo gf) 5Gbdf gafFlwO{ uBdf
g} sljtfTds tj elPsf] :jtGq jf d'St kdf lrt sfJo . uBfTds lj) [;+)] uBsf kdf n]lvPsf
uB;DaGwL uBk|wfg . tf gf) uBfTds x'gfsf] efj, lqmof jf

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

ugf]6ulGwnf] a'emfpg] sfd . @= tf]lsPsf] ldltdf a'emfpg'kg]{ jf r'Stf ug'k { g]{

ls:tf jf wgflz . ~ dx;'n gf) JofkfL jf 7]sbfxn] ;fnesf] s, dx;'n cflb k6sk6s guL Ps
6 a'emfpg'kg]{ jf a'emfpg] sd ulgugfp r'Stf . ugf]6 gf) [ug\ cf]6] != uGg] sfd u0fgf u
tL . @= ul0ftljBf . ugf}6f] lj)[ug\ cf}6f]] != PsPs uL ulgPsf] uGtL ulPsf] . gf) @= uG
] ;fwg lx;fa ug]{ ;fwg u0fs . uGh gf) [kmf)] != uff] jf leQf]df vf]kv } f]kf kf] agfO
sf], k]jf kfNg] sf7sf] afs; k]jfsf] u'F8 . @= snd, sb{, rsds cflb 3';f] flvg] v's
bfkdf hl8Psf] yk'jf v08 . #= gfdsf cGtdf k|Toosf kdf nfu] a:tL jf ahfsf] jfrs aGg]
zAb gu ahf (cdn]vuGh, dxffhuGh, g]kfnuGh O)) . uGhfuf]n gf) [kmf) uGh uf]n] != l:ylt,
t, gLlt, k4lt cflbdf pTkGg x'g] u8a8L eb|uf]n uHofu'h' . @= w]} dflg;, dfn;fdfg cflb
hyfefaL eP Ps} 7fpFdf 5lg] l:ylt 5f;ld; . ulGhkmf gf) [kmf) uGhLkm] Ps df afx| kQL
'g] af6'nf cfsfsf tf; jf 5ofGgAa] kQL x'g] To;}sf] v]n . uGhL! gf) 6fpsf] xft l5fP n
fpg'kg]{, wfuf]n] a'g]sf] k]6] ef]6f]sf] kdf leqL efudf nufOg] n'uf . uGhL@ gf) Ps
k|sfsf] sGb ;'7'gL ;vv08 . uG8f! gf) [;+) u08] b]jtfsf] k|;fbsf kdf 3fF6Ldf dfnf nuf
g] 8f]f] . uG8f@ gf) [;+) u0fgf] != k};f, tf}n cflbsf] u0fgf jf kldf0f a'emfpFbf rfs
f] ;d"xnfO{ a'emfpg] zAb . @= d'b|fk|0ffnLdf rf PsfOsf] ;d"x cfgf . > uG8L lj) != u
G8f;DaGwL uG8fsf] (uG8L lx;fa uG8L rfn O)) . gf) @= rf/ tf]nfsf] ;d"x ;]/sf] la;f}F
efu a/fa/sf] tf}n . #= uG8f . uGtJo gf) [;+)] != uOg] 7fpF hfg] jf k'Ug] :yfg . l
j) @= hfg of]Uo hfg plrt hfg'kg]{ . uGtL gf) [ug\ tL] u0fgf ug]{ sfd ugfO luGtL . uGyg
f) [;+) u|Gygd\] != cgfjZos jf a]k; | \usf] nfdf] sf] ugyg . @= b'Mv;'v vf]n ] ulg] a
tlrt . > uGygfO gf) uGyg ug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . uGygfOg' c) lqm) uGyg ulg' .
uGygfpg' c) lqm) != grflxg] jf a]k; | \usf] nfdf] sf ug'{ . @= ;'vb'Mvsf uyf;f JoQm
ug'{ . uGyg] lj) grflxFbf] nfdf] sf ug]{ uGyg ug]{ ugug] . uGbuL gf) [kmf)] != kmf]x
f l3gnfUbf] jf b"lift j:t' . uGbf lj) [kmf)] != kmf]xd}nf ePsf] l3gnfUbf] b'u{Gwk"0f{
.
306

uGw gf) [;+)] != gfsff rfn kfpg ;lsg], xfjfdf ldn] lkmFlhPsf] sg} j:t'sf ;"Ids0fxsf]
|;f jf;g af; dxs af:gf . @= k~rdxfe"t (k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo', cfsfz) dWo] k[YjLsf] u'0
f . #= k~rtGdfqf (zAb, :kz{, k, ;, uGw) dWo] Ps . $= yf]} dfqf ;f} yf]} c+z n]z . %=
uG { w xs . ^= sg} sfsf] ;fx|} dl;g' kn] jf nIf0fff dfq ePsf] 1fg . uGws gf) [;+)]
flb ljikmf]6s kbfy{df sL6f0f'gfzs ljiffn' cf}ifwLdf k|of]u x'g], tLvf] xs kx]Fnf]
ePsf] Ps vlgh kbfy{ jf pkwft' . uGwsfj'mnL gf) [;+)] d~hLsf kdf v}fv}f k"mn k'mNg]
6} e]6g \ fdf w]} nfdfnfdf kft x'g,] ud, lqbf]ifgfzs, ljifgfzs Hjgfzs u'0f ePsf] cf
o'j]{lbs a'6L . uGwt[0f gf) [;+)] aflaofsf] h:t} kft x'g] ;fgf] ;]tf] sf] k"mn k'mN
g] ;'uGwL 3fF; t]nLaflaof] . uGwb|Jo gf) [;+)] != dL7f] af:gf rNg] kbfy{ . @= cfk"
mdf x]sf] ;'uGwn] cGo j:t'nfO{ ;d]t ;'ulGwt kfg]{ j:t' (>Lv08, s:t"L, s]z O)) . uGwf
h gf) [;+)] v';f{gLk"mnh:t} nxfdf k'mNg], xNsf fdltnsh:t} jf ;]tf] sf] x'g], dL7f] af
:gf cfpg] Ps hftsf] nfDrf] k"mn . uGwj{ gf) [;+)] != ufpg] ahfpg] snfdf k|jL0f Ps
b]jof]lg . @= ufgahfg g} k];f ePsf] Ps hflt ufOg] . ~ gu gf) != dxfeftk|l;4 uGwj{xsf
] a:tL jf fhwfgL . @= jfo'df cfPsf] pi0ftfsf] k|efjn] cfsfzdf k]sf] k|ltlaDa hnynd
f cg'lalDat x'g hfFbf b]lvg] ;x, u|fd, h\un cflbsf] b[Zo . #= sfNklgs gu ldYofnf]s .
$= cjf:tljs j:t'df klg x'g] jf:tljstfsf] efg . %= rGb| d 08n . ~ ljBf gf) ufgahf
g;DaGwL ljBf ;\uLtzf:q . ~ ljjfx gf) lxGb" wd{zf:q (dg':d[lt) sf cg';f cf7 k|sfsf ljj
fxdWo] cfdfafa'sf] cg'dlt glnO{ k|]d ePsf s]6f s]6Lsf cfg} fhLv';Ln] ulg] ljjfx k|d
] ljjfx . ~ j]b gf) rf pkj]bdWo] Ps j]b uGwj{ljBf ;\uLtzf:q . uGwjx gf) [;+)] != xfjf
fo' . @= >Lv08 rGbg . lj) #= uGw n}hfg] uGwjfxs . $= ;'ulGwt . uGwfIft gf) [;+)] !=
rGbg, cIftf cflb k"hfsf ;;fdfg . @= k"hf;fdfgff b]jtf, a|fXd0f cflbnfO{ 6Lsf nufOl
bg] sfd . > uGwfIftL gf) hg>'ltcg';f ljwjfsf dfOtLn] lbof]snz k'h] lbPsf] pQd h};Ld
f ulgg] ;Gtfg . uGwfn' lj) [;+)] af:gf cfpg] af:gfbf uGwo'St . ulGws gf) [;+)] x]) uf
lGws uGwL . ulGwnf] lj) [uGw Onf]] uGw ePsf] uGwo'Qm .

307

uGwLud vfg' ukmfukm lqm) lj) [c) d")] vfFbf uKkmfsf uKkmf xfn] skfsk . ukmf8L lj) [uk
m cf8L] x]) ukm8L . ukmf:6ukmf:6s lj) [;+) uNkfi6uNkfi6s] != ePgePsf sf hf]8] ukm 5fF
] ukmL ukmf8L . gf) @= To:tf w]} sfsf] ;d'bfo jf ;\sng . ukmL lj) [ukm O{] != w]} u
ukm8L . @= ePgePsf sf ug]{ vfnsf] km6fxf . ua8' lj) [kmf) v"a] ss] a}F;sf] ev{ h
kf] . ua'Nnf] lj) [uAa" pNnf]] 5fF6 g sfF6sf] n7f}f] xa'Nnf] . ua'jf gf) ufO{e}F;Lsf
b'x'g] sf7 jf afF;af6 ag]sf] efF8f] 9'\u|f] b'w]f] . uAa" lj) x]) xAa' . ua| ' gf)
mf) uDa?g] Ps k|sfsf] vfsL sf] sk8f . ua|j ' f lj) [ua| ' pjf] xNsf vfnsf] v}f] k'm
v}f] . ueg{ gf) [c\)] != sg} k|fGt jf k|bz ] sf] zf;s k|zf;s . @= fHokfn If]qkfn .#
lb|s gLlt lqmoflGjt ug]{ tyf fi6a}\ssf] k|zf;g ;~rflnt ug]{ k|d'v kbflwsfL . ueff] gf
[ufef] cff]] != s]f, ss{nf], ds} cflbsf km]bdf f]usf] kdf pAhg] ;]tf] sf], uF8f}nfh
sLf] . @= To:tf sLfaf6 pAhg] ;f] f]u . ueL lj) [;+)] != ulxf] uxlsnf] uDeL . ud\g
!= sg} sfd sfdf gx8\a8fO{ ljrf ug'{ w}o{k"j{s ;f]Rg' dgg ug'{ . @= uf} ug'{ ;Demg'
. ud! gf) [;+)] != lxF8\g] sfd udg . @= k|:yfg . #= af6f] dfu{ . $= rfn ult . ud@ gf)
[c)] != dgdf x'g] ulxf] b'Mv, zf]s dfgl;s lrGtf . @= k5'tfp lkmj|mL . ud# gf) [;+)
uDo] != ljrlnt geO{sg ulg] ljrf w}o{k"j{ssf] ;f]rfO uf} . @= k|]d ubf{ k|]dLk|]ldsfdf
xg] ufDeLo{ jf cfGtls ljZjf; . #= e]p kQf] . uds! lj) [;+)] != vasf] cf];fk;f ug]{
ug]{ ;"rgf lbg] . @= ;Demfpg] sg} sfsf] :d0f ufpg] . #= sg} klg j:t'nfO{ lxF8fpg]
rfng ufpg] ult lbg] . gf) $= guf, d[b\u, tanf cflb afhfsf] uDeL Wjlgk|;f . %= ;\uLtd
ff]xcjf]xh:tf tjsf cfwfdf Ps :jaf6 csf]{ :jdf hfg] Llt jf ljleGg :jnfO{ :kz{ ub}{ h
lt ;\uLtsf] :jk|jfx . uds@ gf) [ uDo] ;'uGw dxs af:gf . udSs lqm) lj) [c) d") uds\
] jf uHsg] rfnn] uhSs . ud vfg' 6') kv]{ jf uf} u] ljrf ug'{ .

uGwL lj) [;+)] != af:gf cfpg] uGwo'Qm ;'jfl;t . gf) @= af:gfbf j:t'sf] Jofkf ug]{ Jol
Qm . uGw] lj) [uGwP] != b'u{GwL kmf]xd}nf ePsf] . gf) @= ;fsL{ cflbnfO{ xf]RofP ufnL
ug]{ ulPsf] zAb . :qL) ulGwgL uGw]gL . #= kfgsf cfsfsf s]xL 7"nf kft x'g], aLrdf kx
F]nf
sf 3f]ufh:tf sl0f{sfdf ;]tf k"mn 3f]ufs} cfsfsf kmn kmNg], hf], c?lr, skm tyf l
Qgfzs kYo u'0f ePsf] Ps a'6L . ~ emf gf) != ;]tf jf gLnf
sf ;;fgf k"mn k'mNg] Ps lsl
;dsf] emf uf]a|]emf . @= ugfpg] emf . uGg]dfGg] lj) [;+) u0odfGo] ;dfhdf dof{lbt tyf
k|ltli7t 7"nf7fn" enfb\dL . uGxfO gf) [ uGxfp(cfO)] uGxfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
> ] uGxfOg' c) lqm) b'u{Gw cfOg' . uGxfpg' c) lqm) [;+) uGw cfp g'] b'u{Gw cfpg' b'gf{
rNg' . > uGxfpg] gf) ue{jtL cfOdfO{nfO{ x'g] c?lr cf};fg] . uKkm8 lj) [ukm c8] dxfsf
] ukmL ukmf8L . uKkmf gf) [ufF;] d'vdf gc6fP;Ddsf] 7"nf] ufF; uKk"m . uKk'm lj) [unf k
'mn] 7"nf] 3fF6L ePsf] uw{g] . uKk"m! gf) x]) uKkmf . uKk"m@ lj) x]) uKk'm . uKofO gf
) [uKofp( cfO)] uKofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] uKofOg' s) lqm) 7"n7"nf ufF; xfn] vfOg'
Kkmf xflng' . uKofpg' ;) lqm) [uKkmf ofp g'] 7"nf] ufF; xfn] wdfwd vfg' uKkmf x;'g'{ .
m gf) [k|f) uKk < ;+) Snk] != dg axnfpg jf ;dos6gLsf nflu ulg] aftlrt vfln dgf]~hgsf
] sf ukmufkm . @= x'b F } gePsf] sf e"m6f] sf . #= 76f}nf] sf xfF;v]nsf] sf .
p2]Zoljgfsf] sfsfgL . @= vfln xF:of}nL jf 76f}nLsf sf . ukmf8L lj) w]} ukm ug]{ :jef
] u'L xfFSg] uKkm8 ukmL . ukmnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ukmns\ s] vfFbf 7"n7"nf ufF; xfn] c
{gc6fO{ vfg] uL . ukmnt gf) [c)] != k|dfb jf c;fjwfgLaf6 x'g] uNtL e"nr"s . @= a]kjf
xL a]xf];L . ukmNSofO gf) [ ukmNSofp(cfO)] 7"n7"nf ufF; xfn] vfg] lqmof jf lsl;d . [
> ] ukmNSofOg' s) lqm) ukmnSs vfOg' Ps} uKkmf kflg' . ukmNSofpg' ;) lqm) [ukmnSs ofp g
7"n7"nf ufF; xfn] Psbdd} vfg' uKofpg' . ukm;km gf) [ukm(l))] x]) ukmufkm .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

udluud udlu gf) [ud lu] ;fgf] vfN6f] agfP ToxLF a;L luf{n] lxsf{Og] 5f]Kt} uL v]
] Ps v]n . ud8L gf) [;+) ue{ 8L] afnf gnfuL b'D;LsfF8] eO{ u'e}df kmNg] clUtof wfg
. udg gf) [;+)] != Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF k'u'Gh]nsf] ofqf To:tf] ofqfdf k|:yfg ug]
{ sfd lxF8fO . @= sg} 7fpFdf k'Ug] jf hfg] sfd . #= s;}dflysf] xdnf cfqmd0f . $= :q
L;Fusf] ;xjf; ltqmL8f ;Def]u . > udgfudg gf) hfg] cfpg] sfd cfjthfjt cfOhfO . udgLo
udg ug{ plrt hfg nfos hfg'kg]{ . ud kfpg' 6') sg} sfsf] ;'OFsf] jf cGt kfpg' . udsf]
gf) [;+) ss{6 sf]] != xftsf] k;df jf cFh'nLdf c6fP;Ddsf] cGg, k};f cflbsf] kldf0f xft
n] pefpg ;s]hlt j:t' . @= d'vdf c6fP;Ddsf] ufF; jf cFufnfn] EofP;Ddsf] cF7fO . #=
hf8f] cflbn] jf :j]R5fn] uFu6f]em}F ePsf] xft cflbsf] d'b|f . > udSof{O gf) udSo
f{pg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . udSof{Og' s) lqm) udsf]d { f c6fP;Dd lemlsg' . udSof{pg'
;) lqm) != xftdf c6fP;Dd d'7fpg' d'7L jf cFh'nLdf c6fO{gc6fO{ lemSg' . @= ufO{a:t'
n] d'v uf8] vfg' . #= cFufnf]df gc6fP;Dd a];L RofKg' cFufnfn] cF7fpg' . udnf gf) [kf]
t) { ] zf]efsf nflu sf};L, afb{nL, 9f]sf cflbdf k"mn jf cGo ;;fgf la?jfkft nufOg
] ;hfOg] afN6L jf cfLsf 9fFrfsf] df6f], wft' cflbsf] efF8f] . udf lj) [ uFjf] x]) uF
f . uldnf] lj) [udOnf]] uDeL :jefjsf] w}ok { j " s { ljrf ug]{ ud ePsf] . udL lj) [
ud ug]{ uldnf] uDbfL . uDsg' c) lqm) [udSs g'] != k, ;Lk, an, a'l4, wg cflbn] dQ x'g'
Qg' s;}nfO{ 6]k'R5 gnfpg' udSs kg'{ . @= afhfufhf w"dwfdl;t aHg' . #= v"a af:gf cfpg
' ;'jf; rNg' . > uDsfO gf) uDsg] jf uDsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . uDsfOg' s) lqm) uDsg] kf
lg' udSs kflg' . uDsfpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) sg} sfd ;hwh jf t8se8ssf ;fy ug'{ uDsg] kf
uDsg nfpg' . ulDsg' c) lqm) != udSs klg' . @= x]) uDsg' . uDSofO gf) uDsg] lqmofk|l
qmof . uDSofx6 gf) uDsg] sfd jf cj:yf uDSofO . uD5f gf) [a\uf) ufD5f] 3fF6Ldf a]lg],
cf k'5\g] s5f8sf kdf ;d]t k|of]u ulg] kftnf] nfDrf] ?dfn . uDbf lj) [ud bf] uDeL :
sd af]Ng] zfGt ldhf;sf] . > uDbfL gf) != uDbfsf] u'0f jf ljz]iftf uDbf x'g] kg . lj)
= uDbf .
308

uDa' gf) sf7sf] 7]sL cfsfsf], l3p fVg] af l3paf . uDa'7 gf) [c) ud a'6] lkF8f}nf;Dd
uL nufOg] 5fnfsf] a'6h'Qf . uDeL lj) [;+)] != ulxfO yfxf gkfOg] ulxf] . @= zfGt wL
ljrfk"0f{ uxg . $= hl6n b'?x (uDeL ;d:of, uDeL l:ylt O)) . %= 3gf ;3g . tf gf) uDe
sf] efj, l:ylt jf u'0f . uDd lqm) lj) [c) d") ud\ d] != udSs kg]{ rfnn] ulDsg] lsl;d
n] . @= sg} j:t' k"f elg] lsl;dn] 8Dd 6Dd . #= Gofgf] x'g] lsl;dn] . $= lglZrGt jf dU
g eO{ a:g] lsl;dn] . %= rf}lt af:gf dudufpg] lsl;dn] . uDdfuDd lj) [udfud] != 6gf6g
elefp . @= uDd . #= al9a9fp . > uDdfuDdL lj) != elefp uDdfuDd . @= uDd . uDdfL gf)
f cfsfsf kft ;]tf] af]qmf] x'g], kx]Fnf] sf] k"mn k'mNg], b"w lg:sg] Ps jg:klt . uD
o lj) [;+)] != hfg of]Uo hfg nfos . @= :qL;dfud ug{ of]Uo . #= 1fg ug'k { g]{ hfGga'g
plrt . $= ;lhn};u F hfg ;lsg] k'Ug ;lsg] . ud|u \ ud| \ lqm) lj) [c) d") ud|\ u]
km}nfP cFufnf] xfNg] lsl;dn] c\sdfn ug]{ 9fFrfl;t . uoa lj) != sfd gnfUg] 2L . @= v
hftL . uon gf) [c) u}] xflh gx'gs ' f] rfn jf cj:yf u}xflhL cg'kl:ylt . ~ sL gf) s
+:yf, sfof{no cflbdf sd{rfLn] labf :jLs[t gufO{ jf xflh geO{ a;]df x'g] ;f] cjlwsf]
tnasf] sL . ~ vfnL gf) sd{rfLn] sg} sf0f jf :jLs[ltljgf ;fwf0ftM nuftf ;f]x| lbg;Dd
n x]df :jtM vfnL x'g] kb jf To;L sd{rfLnfO{ x6fpg] sfd . uof gf) [;+)] eftsf] laxf k|
Gtdf x]sf] lkt[>f4 tyf tLy{sd{ ulg] lxGb"xsf] k|l;4 wfld{s :yn lkt[tLy{ . u\g' ;) lq
[k|f) s g'] != sg} sfdsf] yfNg' jf k"0f{ t'Nofpg' . @= sfddf xft xfNg' sfd kmQ] kfg]{
of;df nfUg' . #= sg} gLlt, l;4fGt cflbnfO{ sfof{Gjogsf] k lbO{ 6'\uf]df k'ofpg' . $=
:qL;dfud ug'{ . \ fsf ;fwg . uuxgf gf) [uxgf(l))] uxgfn'uf cflb z[u uh gf) [c)] !
stf h?t . @= xhf{ vfFrf] . ud gf) [kmf) ud{] != tftf]kg udL{ . lj) @= tftf] kf]Ng]
. #= PsfPs cfj]udf cfpg] vf] pu| (:jefj jf ldhf;) . ~ sk8f gf) Gofgf] sk8f hf8f] ofdd
f nufOg] pmgL cflbsf] n'uf . ~ 6f]kL gf) != Gofgf] 6f]kL hf8f] ofddf nufOg] 6f]kL
. @= pmgL jf kl:dgfaf6 ag]sf] 6f]kL . #= dfsn6f]kL afFb6f]kL . ~ d;nf gf) ljz]iftM

309

udfu/duh{g] ;a}eGbf ghftL . uL gf) [;+) u'lnsf] != gljnsf] leqL efudf x]sf] gd u'bL
sf kdf jf To;} vfOg] ToxL u'bLsf 6'qmf . u?8 gf) [;+)] != lu4sf hfltsf] 7"nf] kIfL
ljz]if sZokkTgL ljgtfsf] k'q . @= lji0f'sf] jfxg . ~ Wjh gf) != lji0f' . @= k|frLg
sfndf ag]sf :tDedf x]sf] u?8sf] cfs[lt . ~ k'f0f gf) gssf] aofg tyf k|]tsd{sf] ljwf
g cflb j0f{g ePsf] dxfk'f0f c7f k'f0fdWo] Ps . l;+x gf) u?8sf 9fFrfsf] d'v l;+xsf
rfsf] zL x'g] sNkgf ulPsf] Ps k|f0fL . uf] gf) [ulxf]] kfgL hdfP wfg f]Kg l8ndf cfn
O{ agfOg] v]tsf cnucnu efu kmf]u6f] . uvf{ gf) lhNnfcGtu{tsf ufpF jf df}hfxsf] ;d'bf
o (lbJo)) ufpFxsf] ;dli6ut PsfO . > ulv{g ' c) lqm) Ps} 7fpFdf e'm?Dd x'g' y'lk|g' .
uVof{O gf) ulv{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . uVof{Og' s) lqm) Ps} 7fpFdf y'KofOg' . uVof{p
g' k|) ] lqm) Ps} 7fpFdf e]nf kfg'{ e'm?Dd kfg'{ Ps} 7fpFdf y'Kofpg' . uVof{x6 gf) ul
v{g] sfd jf cj:yf . uu{ gf) [;+)] != cl\u; efhsf j+zh j}lbs dGqb|i6f Ps Clif . @= Ho
]ltifzf:qsf Ps k|frLg cfrfo{ uu{;+lxtfsf ;|i6f . #= uf]qk|jt{s Ps Clif . ~ uf]q gf
) uu{ Clifsf] sn jf j+zsf] klrofTds gfd afF:tf]nf, uh']n, e, l;fn, nfld5fg] cflb y x
xsf] uf]q . uu{ gf) [;+)] != Ps lsl;dsf] k'fgf] afhf . @= Ps k|sfsf] df5f . #= e'dL
t{ . $= ufu|f] . > uu{L gf) != bxL hdfpg] 7]sf] dbfgL dGygL . @= ufu|L 3}F6f] 3Nrf .
rf] { lj) [g]jf) Ujffrf] xf]rf] x'gfsf ;fy} vf; uL 3fF6L 5f]6f] ePsf] k'8\sf] UjfFr]
. uh{g' c) lqm) [;+) uh{g'] != l;, 3dG8, wdf; cflbn] 7"nf] :jdf sfpg' . @= xsfksf
\sg' sng { ' . #= u8f
u'8
' ug'{ d]3 sfpg' . $= af3 sfpg' . uh{ gf) [c) uh] vfFrf]
efj xhf{ . uh{s lj) [;+)] 7"nf] :jn] af]Ng] u8f
u'8'
ug]{ uh{g] . uh{ u'dfg gf) [;+
f) u'dfg] cledfg ;]vL . uh{guh{gf gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] :jn] sfpFbfsf] Wjlg uh{+bfsf] zA
uhf{O . @= d]3sf] u8f
u'8'
. #= xKsL vKsL emkffO . th{g gf) xKsLbKsL wDsLwdf; xsf
lj) [uh{gP] != uh{g ug]{ . ~ rfln;f gf) blIf0f uf]nf4{df $)) cIff+zb]lv ^)) cIff+
z;Ddsf] efudf hf]8;Fu axg] k|an klZrdL jfo' . uh{g] af3n] vfb}g . uh{g] d]3 a;{b
+g } (pvfg) .

sjfkm, df;' cflb ksfpFbf xflng] Njf
, dLr, ;'sd]n, hfOkmn cflb ;'ulGwt b|Jo jf sfh',
ls;ld;, 5f]8f cflb u'lnof j:t'sf] ld>0faf6 ;d]t ag]sf] ;'ulGwt d;nf . udfud lj) [udu
] != Hofb} tftf] kfStfkfSt}sf] tfQftf] . @= hf]l;nf], pQ]lht (5nkmn, ax; O)) . gf)
#= ax;sf] qmddf cfPsf] pQ]hgf rsf{rsL{ . > udfudL gf) hf]l;nf] ax; rsf]{ egfeg Gsf
udfx6 gf) [udcfx6] ud x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt udL{ pi0ftf . udL gf) [kmf)] x]) udL{
[;+)] ljif hx xnfxn . ux8'jf gf) [;+) uj]w'sf] o1df ;ldwfsf nflu k|of]u ulg] j[Ifljz]
fleuf}{n] . uxL gf) [u8\9fxL] dw]zsf kf]vL jf bxlt kfOg] Ps hftsf] df5f . ufO gf) [
] ug]{ sfd jf k|lqmof cfr0f . [ > ] ufOg' s) lqm) ug{ nfOg' ug]{ k| ] 0ff lbOg' . uf
k|) ] lqm) ug{ nfpg' ug]{ k| ] 0ff lbg' . ufu gf) k:ksf] ufO kfn}kfnf];Fu ug]{ sfd
[kmf)] uf]nLufF7fdfly 3'F8fdlg sNnL ufF;] agfPsf] s]6Lxsf] ;'?jfn . ufnfufnL gf) [u
f]ufnL] ;fgf7"nf ufnfsf] ;d"x . ufnL gf) [ufnf] O{] tuff]df t];f]{ kf] fVg] sf7
nf] gf) != lkdf 8f]L e'mG8fpg ln\ufdf jf vfFafdf t];f]{ kf] flvg] sf7 anf] . @= 3
lbdf 6fF8 5fKgsf lglDt t]:of{Og] nfdf] sf7 . ulg' s) lqm) [u\ O g'] sg} sfd tfd]n kflg
ulk lj)x]) ul/a . > ul/kL gf) x]) ul/aL . ula lj) [c) uLa] != wg;DklQ s]xL gePsf]
lgwf]{ blb| s\ufn ul/k . @= bLgxLg b'MvL . ~ u'?jf gf) ulaxsf] ;d'bfo ula hgtf .
?jfxsf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ bLgbofn' . dff lj) ulaxnfO{ ;tfpg] ulau'?jfk|lt cGofo ug
ulaL gf) ula x'gfsf] efj bLgtf lgw{gtf ul/kL . uldf gf) [;+)] != ux|f}Fkgf u'?tf
= dxj uf}j . #= ci6l;l4dWo] zLsf] OR5fcg';f jhg a9fpg ;lsg] Ps l;l4 . ulof] gf) 9'
t} ;f]emf], d'v ;fgf] ePsf] lasf]{ nfOg] 7]sLsf] cfsfsf], ljleGg k|sfsf] t]n xfNg]
sf7sf] efF8f] . uli7 lj) [;+)] != w]} ufx|fl] ;t l9nf] kRg] krfpg sl7g b'ikfRo (ef]
g) . @= w]} ux|f}F . #= dxjk"0f{ . $=

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

uhf{OudL{ uhf{O [ uh{(cfO)] uh{g] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ulh{g' c) lqm) != uh{gf ulg'
. @= uh{g' . ulh{t lj) [;+)] uh{gf ulPsf] uh]{sf] . ut{ gf) [;+)] ;txeGbf w]} ulxf] 7
pF vfN6f] vf8n . (pbf)sf9L tSs kl;gf lbgft 8f]sf], af]s] klg pb ut{ xG5 ef]sf] .
. ub{g gf) [kmf)] lk7\o"Fb]lv dfly 3'Rr'sb]lv tn x]sf] 3fF6Lsf] kl5lNtsf] efu zL
fnfO{ hf]8\g] efu . > ub{gL gf) ub{gdf ;dft] x'ofpg] sfd unxQL 3f]qm]5'QL . ub{g ] lj
7"nf], df]6f] g;'xfpFbf] ub{g x'g] (lgGbf jf ufnLdf) . ub{GofO gf) ub{Gofpg] efj
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ub{GofOg' s) lqm) unxQL nufOg' 3f]So|fOg' . ub{Gofpg' k|]) lqm
) ub{gdf ;dft] x'ofpg' unxQL nufpg' 3f]So|fpg' . ub{e gf) [;+)] uwf . fu gf) wf]wf
df]6f] gld7f] :j . ubf{ubL{ gf) [ubL{ (l))] 7"nf] le8Gt 3f] n8Gt ubL{3df;fg 3D;f3D;L
ubL{ gf) [kmf) u'b { O{] != ;do jf kDkfsf] 7"nf] kljt{g qmflGt . @= 3D;f3D;L n8Gtle8
. uw{g gf) [kmf) ub{g] x]) ub{g . > uw{gL gf) ub{gL . uw{g] lj) ub{g] . uw{GofO gf)
uw{Gofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . uw{GofOg' s) lqm) ub{GofOg' . uw{Gofpg' ;) lqm)
ub{Gofpg' . ug]{ eGg] lj) [ug] { eGg]] uLegL ug]{ stf{ jStf sfdsf] kmQ] ug]{ . ue{
;+)] != k]6leq aRrf xg] 7fpF kf7]3 aRrfbfgL uef{zo sf]v . @= uef{zodf x]sf] aRrf] ;
;lxtsf] e"|0f . #= dWoefu leqLefu uf]Ko:yfg . s gf) != cl3Nnf] lbgsf] ;fFemb]lv kl;
{kN6 lem;ld;];Ddsf] ;do k"f b'O{ ft To;aLrsf] ;do . @= skfnsf] aLrdf kuLh:tf] kf] n
] k"mndfnf . sfn gf) ue{wf0fsf nflu cg'j"mn ;do Ct'sfn . ~ s]; gf) kmnsf ue{gfndfly
] tGt' kfudf xg] k'+s]; jf :qLs]; tj . sf]z gf) kf7]3 uef{zo . 3fltgL gf) !=
f]vtLsf kdf k|of]u ulg] jg:klt nf\ulnsf . lj) @= ue{ t'xfpg] ue{kft ug]{ (:qL) . 3ft
lj) ue{kft ug]{ e"0 | fxTof ug]{ k]6sf] aRrf t'xfpg] . h lj) ue{af6 pTkGg ePsf] . h
fts gf) cfO; xKtf k'us ] f] ue{ ;ftdlxgfsf] ue{ . bf; gf) hGdb]lvs} sdff] hGdhft sl
f bf; . ~ wf0f :qLk'?ifsf] ;Def]uaf6 uef{zodf z'qmsL6 xg] lqmof ue{jtL x'g] sfd k]6af
]sfO . gfn gf) kmlqmPsf k"mnsf y'Fufdf kfu xg] gfn k"mnsf] s]; xg] gnL . ~ lgf]w
310

ue{sf] ;Defjgf aGb ufpg] sfd hGdlgf]w . ~ ktg gf) ue{ t'x'g] sfd clwu|f] hfg] sfd . ~
kq gf) k"mnsf] leqL txsf] sdnf] kft sf]lknf] ufef . kft gf) ue{ t'xfpg] sfd ue{ktg
kfts lj) ue{kft ufpg] k]6 vf]nfpg] ue{ t'xfpg] . kftL lj) ue{kft ug]{ . df; gf
sf] dlxgf k]6 af]s]sf] dlxgf . jtL lj) ue{wf0f u]sL k]6 af]ss ] L e'8 F L af]ss ] L
{0fL bf]lhof . jw gf) ue{kft ug]{ lqmof e"|0fxTof . jf; gf) != ue{leq aRrf xg] sfd
@= uef{zo sf]v . ~ lj1fg gf) ue{ d f x] s f aRrfsf] cj:yf, ljifo cflbsf] cWoogljj]r
g ulPsf] zf:q . ljif gf) sTn}sTnf ePsf], 8f]nf] cfsfsf] sfnf] sf] df5f]ljz]if .
f) ;flxTozf:qsf cg';f kssf kfFr ;lGwdWo] cy{k|s[ltcg';f ktfsf cj:yfcg';f k|fKTofzfsf
cj:yfnfO{ hf]8\g] ;lGw . :y ue{df x]sf] jf /xg] . :ynL gf) uef{zo sf]v . ~ xTof g
k]6df x]sf] aRrf dfg]{ sfd e"0 | fxTof ue{jw . > uef{s \ gf) gf6ssf aLrdf cfpg] cnU
} k|;\usf] syf b]vfpg] jf d"n k|;\usf] x:o pb\3f6g ug]{ pkc\s . uef{wfg gf) ue{wf0f
{ufpg] sfd k]6 af]Sg] sfd . uef{dv ' gf) k"mnsf] ;txdf :qLs]; hDdf x'g] 7fpF . uef{z
o gf) [;+)] ue{ xg] 7fpF ue{:ynL kf7]3 aRrfbfgL ue{ sf]v . ~ :vng gf) kf7]3 v'l:s
lx cfpg] lqmof eF8fNgf] kmls{g] sfd . ule{0fL gf) [;+)] ue{jtL :qL bf]lhof . ule{t lj
) [;+)] != ue{ ePsf] ue{o'Qm . @= elPsf] leq x]sf] uflePsf] . tf gf) d"n jfSosf] k]
q bf];|f] jfSo kbf{ x'g] sfJosf] Ps bf]if . ue] { lj) [ue{ P] !=ue{;DaGwL ue{sf] . @
= ue{df x]sf] . > ue]p { nf] lj) ue}{b]lvsf] ue}{df cfPsf] . ~ pg gf) e]8f cflbsf] u
e}{b]lv cfPsf] pmg ;fgf] kf7f]nfO{ klxnf] k6s d'8 ] k|fKt ulPsf] gd pRr:tsf] pmg . ~
6'x ' f] gf) ue{df 5Fb} afa' d]sf] afns . :qL) ue]{6'x'L . ~ lxnf] gf) wfg f]kfOF ug{
lxNofO{jL tof kflPsf] ft x]sf] lxnf] . udf{O gf) [ udf{p(cfO)] udf{pg] efj, lqmof j
qmof . [ > ] udf{Og' s) lqm) != ud kflg' tftf] ufOg' . c) lqm) @= tftf] xf]Og' tfltg'
. udf{pg' ;) lqm) [udcfpg'] != ud kfg'{ tftf] ufpg' Gofgf] kfg'{ . c) lqm) @= l;n]
l;fpg' hf];df cfpg' tfTg' . > udf{x6 gf) udf{pg] sfd, cj:yf jf l:ylt udL{ pi0ftf . ud
{ gf) [kmf)] != tftf]kg kf]Ng] l:ylt pi0ftf . @= ud

311

uNof{du'nd '{ unk'mn] jlkl eG6f
e'G6'
s]6fs]6L cflbsf] 3]f] . unluHhunlu4 lqm) lj)
uHhlu4] 3fF6L 6Gg x'g] uL vfg] rfn;Fu sf]rLsf]rL jf c6];d6]; xf]pGh]n vfg] uL . unuf}
8 L gf) [unuf}8 F L] ofKk k]sf] af]6 x'g,] ;fgf] s]fpsf bfgfhqf ftf
sf kmn kmNg]
f] jg:klt jf To;}sf] kmn . unu|x gf) [;+)] != skm a9] ;f; km]g{ c;lhnf] kfg]{ 3fF6
Lsf] Ps f]u . @= 3f]q]m5'QL nfpg] jf unxofpg] sfd l6Kkf . #= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f s[i0f
kIfsf k|ltkbf, rt'yL{, ;KtdL, ci6dL, gjdL cdfj:of ltly . $= d'l:snn] dfq kG5fpg
;lsg] b'Mv . un306 gf) [;+)] != kz'sf] unfdf e'mG8fOg] 306 3fF8f] . @= sann] dfq a]x
f]gk {' ]sf] To:t} b'Mv 5f]8g \ klg g;lsg] lng klg dg gx'g] ofpnf] . unr]k gf) [;+)
unRofk\] != unf RofKg] jf cF7fpg] pks0f (d';f dfg]{ r]kj ' f, h
\unL kz' ;dfpg] kf;f]
, xfQL afFWg] ;f
\nf] O)) . @= unf ]6\g] sfd hah:tL ssfk . unlha|L gf) [;+) unlhXjf]
;gnLsf] d'vnfO{ vfg]s f vfFbf aGb ;f; km]bf{ v'nf ubf{ ;ls{g] ;Defjgfaf6 hf]ufpg]
df;'sf] n'sg { . unt lj) [c)] != 7Ls gePsf] a]7Ls cg'lrt uNtL . @= e"m6f] c;To ldYof
sf, egfO, lnvt cflb) . #= cz'4 . ~ kmxdL gf) != gePsf] jf ckToflnf] xNnf xf]xNnf . @=
e'mSofg e|d . > untL gf) x]) uNtL . unygf gf) 5fFb\g] qmddf 3f]8fsf] y't'gfdf nufO
g] 5fnfsf] ;fh . ung gf) [;+)] != r'xg ' ] sfd r'xfO . @= v:g] jf lug]{ sfd . #= U
nflg unfO . unGHof gf) [;+) uXo{h] cfOdfO{n] tNnf] hft;Fu kf]On uP jf ;xjf; u] x]sf]
e{ . unlGtsfunGtL gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] emfL sd08n' . @= hnkfq hnxL . unkf;f] gf) [;+)
fz] != unfsf] kf;f] 3fF6Lsf] 8f]L . @= kz'xnfO{ afFWg unfdf sl;g] kf;f] . #= cfTdxT
of ug{ e'mlG8g] 8f]L .$= unkmGbL . %= emGem6nfUbf] uL ug'{kg]{ sg} sfdsf] . unkmtLun
L gf)x]) unabL . unkmGbL gf) [unf kmGbf] ;hfo lbg ckfwLsf unfdf lefOg] kmnfd] aGwg unk
;f] . unkmf;L gf) [unfkmfF;L] unkf;f] 36];L . unk'mn] gf) [unk'mnf]P] != rD;'sf h:tf
t x'g,] aLrdf

x'g] Ct' 3fd rls{g] ;do u|Lid Ct' . #= Gsg] jf hf]l;g] l:ylt jf cfj]u l; qmf]w . $= l
l
\uL f]u . uNof{du'n'{d lqm) lj) [c) d") uNof{d\ (l))] k"} elTsg] jf n8\g] lsl;dn] (
3, kvf{n, 8fF8f] O)) . uj{ gf) [;+)] != sg} 7"nf] sfdsf, j:t', JolQm cflbl;t ;DalGwt
cf}lrTok"0f{ cx+efjgf . @= d} hfGg];'Gg] x'F eGg] 3dG8 cledfg ;]vL cxdTofOF . > ulj{
t lj) uj{ ug]{ 3dG8L ;]vLjfn . ulj{tf lj) cfgf] k, pd], u'0f cflbsf] 3dG8 ePsL (:qL)
ujL{ lj) uj{ ug]{ cledfgL 3dG8L . ux{0f gf) [;+)] != lufpg] Jojxf lgGbf x]nf . @= l
j]if0f u] bf]if km]nf kfL lgGbf kmnfsf] ulg] etgf6\okDkfsf gf6scGtu{t xg] 5QL; nI
sf] Ps nIf0f . > ux{0fLo lj) lgGbf ug{ of]Uo lgGbgLo . ulx{t lj) [;+)] lgGbf ulPsf] l
glGbt . uXo{ lj) [;+)] lgGbf ug{ of]Uo lgGbgLo lgGB . un\g' c) lqm) [;+) un\] != ylst
x'g' yfSg' s8f kl>dkl5 zfLls ysfg a9\g' . @= kfs] unSs x'g' gd x'g' . #= ckfw ;sf
'g' nfrf x'g' . $= csf{sf cl3lNt cfgf] sdhf]L l:jsfg'{ nqg' e'mSg' . %= b'Anfpg' vN
'n'{s x'g' . ^= cfgf] 6]s lng c;dy{ x'g' . &= lgw{g x'g' ula x'g' . un! lj) [;+) ut{
] 8f]n jf ulxL k]sf] snf]kfgL nfUg] cJjn (v]t) . un@ gf) sg} ux' | u \ f] j:t'nfO{
pg] jf pKsfpg] kmnfd jf sf7, afF; cflbsf] bx|f] 8G8L . un# gf) [;+)] != unf 3fF6L s
07 . @= 3fF6Lsf] leqklsf] efu . sf lj) != 3fF6L sf6\g] unf] ]6g \ ] l3r|f] ;]g{] .
lgwf{sf] ut r':g] zf]ifs 3fts . s6\g's6\gf] lj) unsf . sDan gf) ufO{uf]?sf 3fF6L
lv dfly;Dd e'mlG8Psf] n'sg { ] 5fnf dfnf . unsf]6 gf) g]kfnsf] wf}nflul c~rncGtu{t
afun' lhNnfdf kg]{ P]ltxfl;s :yn (k'fgf] fHo) jf To;}sf] jlklsf] 7fpF . > unsf]6 ] lj
unsf]6df a:g] unsf]6sf] afl;Gbf . :qL) unsf]6]gL . unSs lqm) lj) [c) d") uns\ s] kf
s] jf ;8] Hofb} uNg] uL kmtSs . unu08 gf) [;+)] 3fF6Ldf ?b|306Lsf jlkl g;fdf kfgL hd
mNb} hfg] f]u ufF8 unufF8 . unuf7f] gf) [unufF7f]] != 3fF6Ldf sg} klg efudf lgl:sPsf
l6f] . @= 3fF6Ldf km]f] k'Ug] 7fpFdf kflPsf] ufF7f] . unuf8 gf) [;+) unu08] != unfsf]
ufF8 unu08 . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

unk'mnf]uNyf] ufF7u } fF7fsf] emfD6f] k]sf], ufO{a:t'n] vfPdf unf k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf]
e'OFemf . @= unk'mnf] . unk'mnf] gf) [unfk'mn\cf]] Rofk' ;'lgg] jf 3fF6L k'mn] k'msG
f] cfpg] f]u . unabL gf) [c) una] rflxFbfgrflxFbf sfdf ulg] ax; lgwf]df k'Ug g;sL w]
fn] sf] sf6fsf6 dfq} u]sf] v}nfa}nf unkmtL unkmbL . unaGb gf) [;+) un aGw] unaGbL . >
aGbL gf) k|foM hf8f]af6 aRg unfdf a]lg] j:q dkmn . unaf gf) [c) una] x"nb\uf b\ufk
|fx ] xNnf . unduf7f] gf) [undufF7f]] a:t'efp afFWbf unfdf ;'sf{pgL kg{af6 hf]ufpg]
bfDnfsf] ufF7f] . und'bf | gf) [;+)] lzjhLnfO{ k|;Gg ufpg k"hf ubf{ 8d?sf] cfjfh
lgsfnL ufnf ahfpg] d'b|f . unNn lqm) lj) [c) d") > unn\n] lvTsf 5f]8] w]} hgf xfF:g
] uL . \ ] . @= un;]f lj) [unf;]\cf] != unf] ;]g{] jf ]6g bLgb'MvLnfO{ ;tfpg] ulad
tg gf) [;+)] != afv|fsf unfdf e'mlG8g] y'gh:tf df;'sf n'sf{ . > un:tgL gf) unfdf d
f;'sf n'sf{ e'mlG8Psf] jf rfsfg] afv|f] . unxQL gf) [unfx'ofp, ;+) unx:tL] cF7fP x'o
] jf k5fg]{ sfd 3f]qm]5Q ' L ub{gL . > unxofO gf) unxQL nufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . un
xofOg' s) lqm) unxQL nfOg' ub{GofOg' . unxofpg' ;) lqm) unxQL nfpg' 3f]So|fpg' ub{Go
' . unx:t gf) [;+)] 3f]So|fpg tof kflPsf] xftsf] d'b|f c4{rGb| . > unx:tL gf) x]) unx
QL . unxf gf) [;+)] unfdf nufOg], Tg cflb cd"No j:t' hl8Psf] xf ;'grfFbLsf] dfnf . un
f gf) [;+) un] != 6fpsf] w8nfO{ hf]8\g] aLrsf] uf]nfsf s]xL nfdf] c
\u 3fF6L s07 . @=
;
\uLtfTds :j cfjfh . unfO gf) [ un\ (+cfO)] uNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] unfOg'
) lqm) unfpg] sfd ulg' uNg] kflg' . unfpg' k|) ] lqm) != uNg] agfpg' unSs x'g] t'Nofp
g' . @=6]s lng]nfO{ sfon kfg'{ ckfw ;sfg]{ agfpg' kUnfpg' . unfd gf) [;+) un] != a:t
'efp afFWbf unfdf kg]{ bfDnfsf] efu . (pbf) unfd ;fgf] eP a:t'nfO{ 36];L nfUg] 8 x
'G5) . lj) @= unfdf km]f] k'Ug] unfelsf] . ~ uf7f] gf) unfdf km]f] k'Ug] 7fpFdf kflP
ufF7f] undufF7f] . unf nfUg' 6') != vfPsf] sf 3fF6Ldf uP c8\lsg' . @= sg} sfd gu eG
Gb} u] lalu|;s]kl5 r'sr'sfpg' k5'tfp nfUg' . ulnt lj) [;+)] != lunf] ePsf] un]sf] . @
= r'xs ] f] v;]sf] .
312

#= ;8]sf] sxs ] f] . $= lzlyn ePsf] yfs]sf] . ~ j'mi7 gf) xftuf]8fsf cfFn } f To;kl5
hf]gL{;Ddsf c
\u un] la:tf} emg]{ si7 f]u . ~ of}jgf lj) hjfgL laTgfn] ;a} sf] xfO
:qL) . ulng' c) lqm) [un\Og'] uNg] xf]Og' klUng' . un] lj) [un\P] un]sf] yfs]sf] h'
. uG8 gf) unfdf 5fnfsf] y}nf] e'mlG8Psf] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~ uf]? gf) != sfFlwP fd|L
F8\g] jf d'l:snn] 7]nL7]nL lxF8fpg'kg]{ uf]? . @= To:t} ux|'
\uf] :jefjsf] dfG5] cN
5L nf];f] dflg; . un]gL gf) != uf]8fsf cfF}nfsf sfk k'm6\g], Rofltg] kfSg] f]u . @
= kfs]kl5 sfnf] vfFbf u'lnof] :jfbsf] x'g,] c;flt knfP kmnL sflQsdf kfSg] d
\l;k';d
g]{ Ps jg:klt jf To;}sf] kmn . un]aGb gf) unaGbL (pbf)v'nf bf]sfg sf] fV5 un]aGb eP
sg} . n]vgfy) . un]Zj gf) [;+)] DofUbL lhNnfsf] a]gL ahfaf6 Ps sf]; pQkl sfnLu08sL
f6 vf]nfsf bf]efgdf cjl:yt dxfb]j kf}fl0fs pkfVofgcg';f ;tLb]jLsf] unf] ktg eO{ lzj
hL pTkGg ePsf] k|To]s jif{ afnfrt'b{zLdf d]nf nfUg] ;f]xL 7fpF . un}r f gf) [kmf)
ufnLr] tgf}6f]df ;"tLsf] 8f]L a'gf}6f]df e]8f jf Eof
n'
sf] pmg k|of]u uL ljleGg
sf
kf] a'lgg], afSnf], gd la5f}gf . un}r L k'mn gf) [un}r F fk'mn] ;;fgf] af]6 x'g]
k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] k"mn . unf] gf) [;+) un] != s07 3fF6L unf . ;]f lj) x]) un;]f
uN5L gf) != Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF;Dd k'Ug cf]ng { ] jf pSng] uf}F8f] st}af6 pDsg]
jf sxLF k:g] uN5]8f] . @= b'O{ kxf8sf aLrdf vf]Fr jf ;f]tf] k]sf] 7fpF . > uN5]8f
] gf) != ;fgf] af
\uf]l6
\uf] cK7]f] af6f] ;fF3'f] uNnL . @= a:t'efp lxF8\g] jf d"naf
df df]l8g] 5f]6f] af6f] pgfp af6f] . #= vf]Fr k]sf] 7fpF To:t} cK7]f] sfd . uN8f
\u|f]
9f
\u|f] lj) != fd|f; ] u F af]Ng ghfGg] jf af]nL :ki6 gePsf] n7]a|f] . @= :j dfq 7"nf
t a'l4 gePsf] ;Lwf;fwf nf6f];'wf] . #= x':;" nG7 . :qL) uN8f
\\u|LuN9f
\u|L . uNtL
untL] != lgod, Llt, l;4fGt cflbsf b[li6n] x'g] jf ulg] e"n e"nr"s lafd . @= efiff, Jo
fs0fsf b[li6n] ePsf] jf ulg] e"n cz'l4 . #= cg'lrt sfd g;'xfpFbf] cfr0f . uNyf] gf) !
d'hf kf] nfOPsf kmlofsf] kf]N6fdf kg]{ d'7f] jf ufF7f] . @= wfgsf] f]kf] ;k|] d'7Lel
ufFlhPsf] emf

313

uNkuxL cg';Gwftf . uj}of gf) [ufpP]of] uLt jf fu ufpg] JolQm ufpg] dfG5] ufos j:tfh
o lj) [;+)] != ufO{af6 k|fKt x'g] (b"w, bxL, l3p, ux'Ft uf]a) . @= ufO{e}F;LnfO{ v
'jfOg] (3fF;, e';, sF8f] O)) . u:tL gf) [kmf)] != 7fpF7fpFsf] 3'dlkm e|d0f . @= kxf j
vjfLsf lglDtsf] 3'dfO sg} If]qdf ;'Iff sfod ug{ tyf c;fdfGo l:yltsf] lgoGq0f ug{ jf
cGo ljz]if k|of]hgsf nflu vl6Psf] 6f]nL jf JolQmn] ;fjwfgLk"j{s 3'Dg] ]vb]v ug]{
sfd (u:tL k|xL, u:tL k'ln; cflb) . ux! gf) cfFvfsf] u]8L xg] vf]lkN6f] jf cfF;' elP 8
a8afpg] To;}sf] l8nl8n;Ddsf] 7fpF . ux@ gf) k|foM 6f]kL l;pg k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf]
sfnf] v'6'jf sk8f . uxs gf) uxlsnf]kg jhg tf}n . > uxlsnf] lj) != vFlbnf] eO{sg dxjk
"0f{ uxs ePsf] jhgbf . @= ;f jf tj ePsf] fd|f] ultnf] . uxt gf) [;+) snTy] != Ps
fdf k'm;|f tLg kft x'g,] kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] nfDrf sf];f nfUg], bfnhftsf] nxf] jf T
o;}sf] sf];fdf kmNg] ;]tf],ftf] sfnf] tLg hftsf] x'g] r]K6f] cfsf ePsf] u]8fbf cGg
. uxt] lj) [uxt P] != uxtsf sf] uxth:tf] j0f{ ePsf] . @= kfv] c;Eo . #= k]6el vfg gk'
cfly{s cj:yf sdhf] ePsf] . gf) $= uxth:t} af]6 x'g] t kmn gnfUg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt
(3fF;) . ~ sf7f] gf) uxt vfP lgjf{x ug]{ afx'g b'MvL afx'g (lgGbfy{df) . ~ lsf] gf) u
dL{df km}ng] SthLjL sLf] p8'; . ~ hfpnf] gf) uxt ld;fP agfOg] hfpnf] . ~ 8f8f]kfvf]
uxt dfq pAhg] hUufhldg vf] kfvf] . uxg lj) [;+)] != ulxfO l56} yfxf gkfOg] ulxf] uD
= afSnf] ;3g . #= k'Ug g;lsg] b'u{d cuDo . $= d'l:sn;Fu dfq a'lemg] b'af]{Wo lSni6 .
%= cflb cGtsf] klxrfg ug{ sl7g x:odo . tf gf) != uxg x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ulxfO u
. @= b'u{dtf . uxgf gf) != ;'grfFbL cflbaf6 agfOg] l;Fufk6fsf ;fwg zL jf JolQmTjsf]
o zf]ef a9fpgsf nflu zLsf gfs, sfg, 3fF6L cflb ljleGg efudf nufOg] jf klxlg] ltg} j
:t' cn\sf . @= zf]ef lbg] afXo OHht a9fpg] lsl;dsf sf jf u'0f . (pbf) rlq g} dfG5]
aeGbf 7"nf] uxgf xf]) . ~ u'lofkft gf) uxgfxsf] ;d'bfo uuxgf . uxL gf) ulxf] k]sf
b} jf l3l;|Fb} hfg] uL v]Ng] s]6fs]6Lxsf] Ps v]n .

3fF; jf emfsf] 7"nf] d'7f] . jfn lj) d'hf k]sf] uNyf] b]lvg] kmlofsf] klxg x'g] (:qL
. ~ ;fO gf) wfg f]Kg] sfd . > uNYofO gf) uNYofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . uNYofOg' s) lqm
) uNyf] kflg' d'7f] kflg' . uNYofpg' ;) lqm) cufl8 kg]{ kmlofsf] d'hf k6'sfn] s;] c
] g \ ' uNyf] kfg'{ d'7f kfg'{ . uNk gf) [;+)] != ljrfk|wfg jf efjk"0f{ 36gfTds ;;f
gf] sxfgL 5f]6f] syf . @= ldYof k|nfk ukm . uNd6 gf) lkF8fn'sf] ufgf sf6] bfndf ld;f
Og] rfgf jf 6'qmf . uNof7f] gf) [uf]nofF7f]] sf7 jf c sg} j:t'sf] 5f]6f] luF8 vdf jf
G5]sf] zLdf lg:s]sf] ufF7f] jf ufg' . uNofsu'n's lqm) lj) [c) d") uNofs\c (l))] kmnk"
mn cflb kfs] Hofb} uNg] lsl;dn] kmTofsk'mt's . uNof
dNof
lqm) lj) [c) d") uNof
\c (l)
nf x'g] jf vnan x'g] rfn;Fu vNof
dNof
. uNn lqm) lj) [c) d") un\n (l))] v';L jf lv;L J
Qm ubf{ lvTsf 5f8] xfF:g] uL . uNnf gf) [c) uNn] != cGgkft wfgrfdn, ds} cflb cGg cgfh
. @= vf; uL ljb]zL ;]gfdf egf{ ug{ e]nf ulPsf o'jsxsf] ;d"x (
\u?6) . #= v'q's]h:t} t
vf]Ng] , aGb ug]{ ulPsf] k;n]xsf] ;fgf] afs; . jfn gf) != cGgkftsf] laqmL ug]{ JolQ
m cgfhsf] JofkfL . @= ;]gfdf egf{ ug{
\u?6 hDdf uL nfg] JolQm . uNnL gf) [;+ ) un ] !
k| f oM ;xleqsf 3xsf k
\lQmaLrdf x]sf] ;fF3'f] af6f] . @=;fgf] gfd|f] af6f] . ujfO
ufp(ofO)] ufpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ujfOg' s) lqm) ufpg nfOg' ufpg k|l] t
ulg' . ujfpg' k|) ] lqm) ufpg nfpg' ufpg] kfg'{ . ujfIf gf) [;+)] cfFvLofn . ujfx gf)
[kmf)] != sg} 36gf hfGg] jf b]Vg] JolQm sg} ljj0f jf 36gfsf] hfgsfL fVg] JolQm . @= s
jfbljjfbdf cfcbfnt;dIf cfk"mn] hfg]a'em]sf] sf atfP k|df0f lbg] JolQm ;fIfL . > ujfx
L gf) != b]v]hfg]sf 36gfaf] lbOg] aofg . @= b]jfgL jf kmf}hbfL d'2fdf cfcbfntdf uP ul
] aofg ;fIfL k|df0f . uj]ifs lj) [;+)] uj]if0ff ug]{ cGj]ifs cg';Gwfgstf{ . uj]if0f g
) [;+)] != sg} j:t' jf ljifosf] oyfy{ tYo kQf nufO{ ulg] ljlwk"j{ssf] cWoogljZn]if0
f cg';Gwfg . @= xfPsf] j:t' vf]h] kQf nufpg] sfd vf]hL . zfnf gf) uj]if0f jf cg';Gwf
ulg] 7fpF jf 3 . > uj]if0ff gf) uj]if0f . uj]ifL lj) [;+)] sg} ljifosf] ulxf] 5fglag
ug]{ vf]hL ug]{

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

ulx/fOuf7f] ulxfO gf) [ulxf]cfO] != ulxf] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ulxf]kg ufDeLo{ u
Tvgg cflb ug]{ qmddf ;
\s]t ulPsf]eGbf tnsf] 7fpF . ulxlg' c) lqm) [ulxf]Og'] != ulx
g' . @= leqL tx;Dd k'Ug' . ulxL lj) [ulxf]O{] != clncln ulxf] yf]} ulxf] . @= cfFt
g;lsg] (:qL) . #= ulxf] k]sf] hldg unv]t 8f]nv]t . ulxf] lj) [;+) ueL] != jlkl cU
dfemsf] efu efl;Psf] jf ufl8Psf] ;txeGbf tnsf] . @= leq;Dd k'u]sf] (ulxf] 3fp, ul
xf] rf]6, ulxf] egfO O)) . #= ;lhn};Fu a'g g;lsg] leqL cy{ ePsf] . $= cfFte]p kfpg uf
x|f] jf kf nfpg g;lsg] . ulxofO gf) [ ulxofp (cfO)] ulxofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
> ] ulxofOg' s) lqm) ulxf] kflg', ulxofpg nfOg' . ulxofpg' k|) ] lqm) [ulxf]ofpg'
g'{ ulxlg] t'Nofpg' . ux' gf) [k|f) uf]x"d] Psfklsf] efu s]xL ulxf] k]sf] aLrdf 5]
rf k]sf] x'g,] ;'gf}nf sf u]8f ePsf], ;KtwfGodWo]sf] Ps k|l;4 cGg . uf]f] lj) ux'Fs
h:tf] j0f{ ePsf] xNsf jf s]xL v}f] efj b]lvg] jf j0f{sf] (dflg;, cg'xf) . ux't gf)
) uf]d"q] ;"ts, cfzf}r cflbsf z'l4sfo{df k|of]u ulg] kljq dflgg] ufO{sf] d"t k~ruJ
o (ufO{sf] b"w, bxL, l3p, upFt uf]a)dWo] Ps . ux'u | f] lj) [ ux'|
\uf]] x]) ux'|
\u
] . ux'|sfO gf) [ ux'|sfp(cfO)] ux's | fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ux's | fO
g' c) lqm) ux'|sf] xf]Og' . ux's | fpg' c) lqm) [ux's | f]cfpg'] sfd ug{ cK7ff] dfGg'
N;L ug'{ cN;fpg' . ux's | f] lj) [ ux'|
\uf]] efL ux|f}F u?sf] . ljk) xn'sf] . ux'
|
f]ux'
|
\ f] lj) [ux|f] F} a];L jhg ePsf] w]} tf}n ePsf] prfNg ufx|f] kg]{ . ljk) x
f] . ux|f} lj) [;+) u'?] != ux'|
\uf] . ljk) xnf}F . uXj gf) [;+)] != aflxaf6 s]xL yfx
gkfOg] jf n'Sg a:g x'g] ulxf] cFWoff] 7fpF (cf]9f, u'kmf,;'?, b'nf] O)) . @= emf8Ln
3]lPsf] PsfGt :yfg jg ntfu[x s~h . lj) # hfg ufx|f] kg]{ b'u{d ljifd . > uXjL gf)
Gbf . ufh \ g' ;) lqm) [ufFh g'] != 5f]Kg' cfgf] sAhfdf kfg'{ . @= emD6] l6Kg' RofK
pg' . #= k|efjdf kfg'{ . ufh gf) [;+) uh{g] != wfg, sf]bf], 3fF; cflbsf] km]bb]lv
314

knfPsf] Pp6} a'6f] emfl
g ;s]hlt ;d"x . @= cFufnfel jf d'7Lel c6fPhlt j:t' . #= sfutL
Hofldsf] ; ksfP r's agfpFbf pdfnn] lsgffdf nufpg] kmLFh . ufhf gf) Pp6} e]6g \ d '
rfkfFrj6f nfdfnfdf kft nfUg], v}f] sf] e'm?Kk k"mn k'mNg], l;nfdsf h:t} bfgf kmNg]
nfUg] Ps emf To;}sf] kmnkft ;a} lkFw] ;a{tdf xfnL gzfsf kdf k|of]u ulg], r]; agfpg
KofP rf]k e]nf ulg] ;'tL{ jf sSs8df ld;fP lrlnd, ;'Nkmf cflbaf6 w"jfF vfOg] j:t' lzj
a'6L ef . uflhg'! c) lqm) [ufFh O g'] != sg} af]6la?jf xfFuflaFufn] o'Qm x'g' emflg
df}nfpg' km}lng' . @= wg;DklQ, s'ns'6'Da cflbn] klk"0f{ x'Fb} hfg' ;DkGg x'g' . uflhg
'@ s) lqm) [ufFh\ O g'] sg} ;\s6k"0f{ l:ylt jf ;d:ofn] 5f]lkg' P]r F df klg' . uf7 g
7f] < ;+) u|lGy] != wfuf], ;gkf6, sk8f cflb afFws ] f] k"f efL u7L . @= d"n wg ;l~rt
k'h F L . lj) #= u7lPsf] k'8\sf] ufG6] . sf]kLuf]eL gf) df6fdfly ;nudsf] h:t} ufF7f]
nfUg] tsf{L vfOg] sfpnLsf hftsf] 8Nnf] j:t' jf To;}sf d'G6f . ~ g u'7L gf) bogLo c
j:yf jf s]xL gePsf] l:ylt . (ufF7L g u'7L hhL p7L . pvfg) . uf7f gf) [ufF7f]sf] lt)
] != zLdf leqleq} ljsf k}bf eO{ eo
\s k lnFb} hfg] c;fWo dflgPsf] vl6f] jf f]u ;Og
. @= x:osf sf . u'7 L gf) ;nSs ldNg g;s] u7f
u'7'
k]sf j:t' ;fgf7"nf w]} ufF7
) [ufF7Og'] != 8f]L jf wfuf] cflb j:t' ufF7f] kg'{ . @= j:t' jf JolQmx Ps} 7fpFdf hf
]lN6g' . uf7L gf) [k|f) ul07 > ;+) u|lGy] != sg} sfd jf ;d:ofnfO{ ;'Nemfpg ;xfos x'
g] pkfo h'lSt tlsf . @= leqL clek|fo cEoGtsf] sf] sfsf] d'Vo ;f . #= d"nwg k'h
]xf]rf] ;fgf]7n " f] cflb zLsf] sb hLp8fn . ~ j'mf] gf) eGg vf]h]sf] d'Vo sf] leqL
d"n dd{ jf clek|fo . uf7! ] lj) af]) sg} k|;
\udf pb]s, p; cflbsf] efj hgfpg] zAb . (
pbf) nfn]n] t k'tnLnfO{ lax] g} ul;s]5, P ufF7] geGb} ufF7] p;n] klg hflu vfP5 ) .
f7@ ] lj) [ufF7f]P] != ;nSs geO{ ufF7}ufF7f k]sf] . @= rflxFbf] dfqfdf a9\g g;s]sf]
ufG6] k'8\s] . ~ sfNtf]L gf) d"nfh:t} hfdf kmNg] t clns af6'nf] kmn x'g] tsfL vfg] P
ftsf] jg:klt . d"nf gf) x]) ufG6]dn " f. uf7f] gf) [k|f) u07f] < ;+) u|Gy] != 8f]L,
wfuf], ;'tnL

315

uf8ufO{ ufjn gf) [;+) u|fd] ufpF3 5l5d]s ufdn . \ g'] != sg} b'O{ 6'qmf j:t'nfO{ u
qm) [;+) u|y hf]8g \ ' ldnfpg' 6fF:g' . @= n'ufkmf6fsf] 5]p hf]8 ] l;pg' . #= l;Gsfn
] kft v'6] b'gf, af]xf]tf, 6kL cflb agfpg' . $= 8f]L jf 8f]fsf] d'v hf]8 ] ufF7f] agf
pg' . %= kf:kls ;DaGw hf]8g \ ' lgs6 Nofpg' . ^= ufFYg' pGg' . > uf; gf) != b'O{ j:t'
jf 6'qmfsf] hf]8 uF;f]6 hf]8fO . @= To:tf] ufFl;Psf] jf hf]l8Psf] 7fpF hf]tL{ hf]gL{
. uf; gf) [;+) u|f;] PskN6df d'vdf xfnL vfOg] vfg]s fsf] kldf0f uKkmf . ~ sf6\g' 6
cfk"mn] k"f gvfP klg pefg'{ cnfO{ v'jfpg cfk"mn] yf]} vfg' . uf;u'; gf) [ufF;(l))]
8 kfg]{ sfd 6'qmf6fqmL hf]8] Pp6} uF;f]6 agfpg] sfd . uf; 6'6g \ ' 6') k]6 kfNg] af
6f] f]lsg' vfg] d]nf] xfpg' . uf;af; gf) [ufF;af;] vfg a:g cfjZos kg]{ sdfO 3 k
flxg] vfBfGg af; a:g rflxg] 3sf] Joj:yf . ufl;g' s) lqm) [ufF;\Og'] != b'O{ cnu j:t'
k:kdf hf]l8g' hf]lN6g' . @= cfk'm;df g
df;'em}F ldNg' d]nldnfk x'g' . uf; ] lj) [u
!=ufFl;g] lsl;dsf] ufFl;Psf] ufFl;g cfpg] . @= csf{n] lbPsf] ufF;s} cf8df afFRg] uf
F;sf] cf; ug]{ . (pbf) cf;]ufF;] ;a} Ps}gf;] . pvfg) . uf;f] gf) [ufF;\cf]] ufFl;g]
jf ufFl;Psf] 7fpF b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L 6'qmfsf] hf]gL{ hf]8fO . ufOu'O gf) [c) d") uf
OF(l))] sg} ljifosf] 3'Of]3'Of] sf ghflgFbf] lsl;dn] leqleq} rn]sf] xNnf . ufOg' s)
[ufpOg'] ufpg] sfd ulg' noo'St :jdf uLt, ehg cflb elgg' k|z+;f ulg' . ufOg] gf) [u
;+) ufog] != d'vd } v ' df g]kfnsf] fli6o ufyf ;'lIft fv] 33 ufpFufpF 3'Db} k];fu
uLt ufP hLljsf ug]{ Ps hflt . @= uLt ufpg l;kfn' JolQm . :qL) ufOg]gL . ~ lsf] gf) vv
df p8\b} lxF8\g] km6f
\u|f]sf hftsf] Ps sLf] . ufO{ gf) [k|f) ufc < ;+) uf}] :yfge]bn
] ljleGg 5fF6sf x'g], sfFwdf h'f] 3fF6Ld'lg dfn ePsf] zfsfxfL tyf 3kfnf k|l;4 kz' uf
} . sfg] af7 gf) ufO{sf h:t} sfg x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] af7 d[u . sf] gx lj) != arfpg kl
;lsg] dfg{ klg gx'g] . gf) @= ;fx|} cK7]f] ;d:of . v' ] lj) != k:kdf ufO{sf v'h:t
ghf]lPsf] jf gldn]sf] ldng;f gePsf] a]d]nsf] . gf) @= ufO{sf v'df nfUg] Ps f]u vf]
. uf7f] gf) wfld{s ljlw jf ;+:sfcg';f hg}df kflg] ljz]if k|sfsf]

cflb j:t' gk'm:sf];\ egL d:sfpFbf jf cfkm}F km]f] k] x'g] 8NNf] u|lGy . @= ufg' 8Nnf]
. #= afF;, pv'h:tf xfFuf knfpg] hftsf j:t'xsf] cfFVnf] . $= c8\sf] ;d:of { 6') !=
sf] gldNg' ;d:of cfOkg'{ . @= x:o . ~ kg' dfofk|Llt a:g' . ~ n'sfO gf) ?dfn, k6'sf jf
8f]L ufF7f] kfL ;f] ufF7f] n'sfP 5sfpFb} v]lng], s]6fs]6Lxsf] Ps v]n . uf8 gf) [;+) u
8] != f]usf sf0fn] ljz]iftM cfof]l8g gldl;Psf] g'g jf b"lift kfgLsf k|efjaf6 3fF6L
sf g;fxdf kfgL hdL df;' k'mn] cfpg] 7"nf] 8Nnf] unu08 . @= vxdf rf]6 nfu]sf 7fpFdf lg
:sg] ufF7f] . #= ;'kfL, s6xh:tf kmnxsf] ;d'bfo jf ltgsf] ufF7f] k]sf] efu . $= Ps} 7
fpF e'mlDdPsf sldnf, df}L, cl
\ufn cflbsf] uf]nf] jf ;d"x . ~ sf]fsf] gf) k:kdf ub{g
g vf]Hg] cL k:ksf] slr
\unf]n] b'Mvb k lnPsf] cj:yf . uf8furf{ lj) [;+) ufF8furf]]
gk]sf jf ufG6f g;k|s ] f (s]6fs]6L kmnk"mn) . uf8L gf) :qLhfltsf] hgg]lGb|o of]lg
. d'v ] lj) of]lgsf] h:tf] d'v ePsf] l;p7\bf] dggkg]{ cg'xfsf] (cZnLn ufnLdf x'g] k
of]u) . uf8' gf) != dfpaf6 5'fpg] cj:yfdf gk'us ] f] uwf uwfsf] aRrf] . lj) @= ;;Nnfx
f ldNg g;Sg] jf plrt kn] sfd ug{ g;Sg] a]d]nsf] sfd gnfUg] 2L r'Tyf] . ufF8" gf) x])
F8' . uf8 ] lj) [ufF8P] 3fF6Ldf ufF8 lgl:sPsf] ufF8 ePsf] uF8fxf . @= gldNbf] :jefj e
Psf] c;'xfpFlbnf] c:jfefljs . ~ P]; n ] ' gf) kltgfsf h:t} cfsfsf] uf9f xlof] kft x
g], P]F;]n'sf 5fF6sf] kfStf ftf] vfFbf 6f]{ u'lnof] :jfb ePsf] kmn kmNg] emf jf ;f]
xL emfsf] kmn . ~ sfu gf) k|foM rf xhf lkm6eGbf prfOdf a:g] Ps xfFrdf xhff}F eP ds}
lb vfg 3'Dg] n]sfnL sfu . ~ sfkmn gf) ufF8]P]F;]n' . ~ k|Llt gf) g;'xfpFbf] k|]d d'v
n] dfq r]kff] kfg]{ b]vfj6L k|d ] rfp] dfof . ~ dfnf gf) h'gn ] fsf h:tf cfsfsf t lg
} ;fgf kft x'g] 5fgx'Fbf] pd|g] Ps emf s]6fs]6LnfO{ 5]f}6Lsf] cf}ifwLsf kdf bfgf 5]8L
dfnf nfOlbg] rng ePsf] To;}sf] kmn lesf}n F{ ] . uf8f] lj) [ufF8cf]] != 3fF6Ldf ufF
8 ePsf] uF8fxf . @= ldng;f gePsf] ufF8" . #= sfd} gnfUg] xnDa" ns . uftL gf) lr;f]a
gsf nflu sfg, 3fF6L 6fpsf] 5f]Kg] uL tLg rf];] kfL agfOPsf], unaGbLsf] sfd lbg] sk
8f . ufy \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) u|Gy g'] != wfuf]df k"mn, kf]t] cflb pGg' dfnf cflb ufF:g'
. @= Ps} e'mQf] agfpg' hf]g{' e'mG8fpg' hf]N6fpg' . > uflyg' s) lqm) dfnf cflb plgg'
l;g' .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

ufpufh/ lzvf jf ufF7f] . uf]8 ] lj) ufO{sf h:t} uf]8f ePsf] s]xL 3'd]sf] jf uf]8f cu
fl8 kms]{sf] (u cIf) . hfqf gf) != efb|si [ 0f k|ltkbfsf lbg (hg}kl" 0f{dfsf] ef]lnk
N6) dgfOg], kljfsf sg} ;b:osf] d[To' ePsf jif{ d[tssf] d'lQmsf p2]Zon] ufO{nfO{ l;F
uf] cyjf dfG5]nfO{ ufO{sf] kdf l;Fuf] zx klqmdf ufOg] b]lzs ofqf uf]ofqf . @= ;f]x
dgf]ljgf]bsf kdf b]vfOg] xf:oJo
\Uoo'Qm k|bz{g . #= a]OHhtL x'g] vfnsf] jf dof{bf g
ePsf] cJojl:yt sfdsf] . hfq] lj) != 5fF6sfF6, \u9\u s]xL gldn]sf] cJojl:yt ePsf
fO{hfqf ug]{ ufO{hfqf;DaGwL (ufO{hfq] klqsf, ufO{hfq] c\s cflb .) lhe| ] gf) != d"n
fh:tf] hf] jf sGb x'g], kl5lNt 6Lsf6Lsf x'g] efFRbf b"w cfpg] nfdfnfdf kft x'g] e'O
Femf . @= ufO{sf] lhe|f]h:t} v;|f kft x'g], 7]sLefF8f dNbf d}nf] kmfNg k|of]u ulg]
a:t'nfO{ 3fF; v'jfOg] jg:kltljz]if vfS;L . ~ ltof gf) ltxfsf kfFr lbgdWo] t];|f] lbg
sf] rf8 sflQs s[i0f cfF};Lsf lbg ufO{nfO{ k'lhg] ;fo\sfndf nIdLsf] cfXjfg ulg] pT;j
nIdLk"hf bLkdflnsf ufO{ltxf . ~ ltof] gf) k'm;|f] sf] e'm;}em '; ePsf nfDrf kft x'g]
]Fnf sf dl;gf k"mn k'mNg], uf]jw{g k"hfdf uf]asf] kj{tk|ltdf agfP To;}sf jlkl ln\uf
ufl8g] Ps emf lrTnf] ufO{ltxf/] . ~ ltxf/ gf) ufO{ltof/ nIdLk"hf . ~ ltxf/] ufO{lto
Tnf] . kfnf lj) ufO{ kfn] hLljsf ug]{ w]} ufO{ kfNg] . k|f0fLk|fgL lj) dgdf sg}
;Lwf;fwf Jojxf ug]{ s;}sf] vtL x'g] sfd gug]{ dgdf kfksk6 gePsf] ;'wf] . j:t' gf)
Lljsf rnfpgsf lglDt 3df kflng] ufO{e}F;L, e]8fafv|f cflb kz'wg ufO{, e}F;L cflb kz'xs
f] ;d'bfo . dfO{ gf) != ljj]s fVg'kg]{ ;Lwf;fwf JolQm ufO{k|f0fL . @= x]rfx jf vflt
g'{kg]{ hg;d'bfo (cfOdfO{, s]6fs]6L, dfUg] , ;fw', ;Gt, a|fXd0f O)) . ufp gf) [k|f
) ufd < ;+) u|fd] guaflx x]sf] ;;fgf] a:tLk|foM s[ifsxsf] a;f]af; ePsf] ynf] u|fd .
]z ufpFsf] vvfFrf] 6fg{ jf ljsf;sfo{df ;3fp k'ofpgsf lglDt ufpFnx ] af6 pAhgL cfo:tf
sf] s]xL k|ltzt 5'fP jf cGo lsl;dn] ;
\slnt ;femf 9''s'6L wdesfL wd{9s ' 6 L . ~ v
!= ufpFvfg] syfdf lbPsf] ufpF lng' . @= ufpFnfO{ g} ;f];] jf sHofP cfgf] x'Fbf] kfg
'{ x}sd rnfpg' . ~ vfg] syf gf) jStfn] k|Zgsf] kdf c8\sf] xfNg] >f]tfn] gfpF dfqsf
] ufpF lbPkl5 ;f] c8\sf] k'msfOlbg] syf hfGg] syf j"m6 kx]nL . 3 gf) guaflxsf] 3a
f] 7fpF eff]kd{ ubf{ xfu'xf
316

ubf{ ;w}Fh;f] e]63f6 ;3fpk3fp ulxg] 5l5d]s . ~ k~rfot gf) k~rfotL Joj:yfcg';f Joj:yf
ksfsf] k|flDes c
\usf kdf x]sf], kxf8L If]qdf b'O{ xhfb]lv rf xhf tfO{ If]qdf rf
7 xhf;Dd hg;
\Vof kg]{ lx;fan] 5'fOPsf] k|To]s gf} j8fdf ljeflht Ps k~rfot jf ufpF .
~ kms{ gf) ;xlt y'lk|g] k|jl[ QnfO{ ufpFlt pGd'v ufO{ ufpFs} pGgltaf6 b]zsf] ;Dk"0f{
If]qdf ljsf; x'g ;Sg] 7flgPsf] k~rfot Joj:yfdf k|ltkflbt l;4fGt (ufpF kms{ sfo{q
md, ufpF kms{ fli6o cleofg ] lj) != ufpFsf] afl;Gbf ufpFdf a:g] cflb) . > ufpn u|fdL0
. @= Ps} ufpF7fpFdf a:g] ufpF3sf] . #= ufpFsf] ;Eotfdf x's]{sf] cfw'lgs rfnrng ghfG
g] . ~ ljsf; ;ldlt gf) ufpFnfO{ gf} j6f j8fxdf afF8L ToxfFsf] ljsf; ug{sf nflu lgd
f{0f ul/Psf] ;ldlt . ~ ;ef gf) ufpF k~rfot P]gcg';f tf]lsPsf] k~rfotL Joj:yfsf] ;ae
Gbf tNnf] tx tyf sg} Ps ufpF jf ufpFsf] ;d"x . ufpg' ;) lqm) [;+) ufog g'] != tfn, ;',
no cflb ldnfP uLt eGg' fu jf tfg cnfKg' jGbgf jf ehg ug'{ . @= a9fO{r9fO{ k|z; + f u
g'{ k'mSof{pg' . ufphf] gf) kfgsf 5fF6sf kft x'g] Ps hftsf] nxf] jf To;}sf] 3fF; .
ufpg gf) [c\)] != bLIffGt ;dff]xdf ljZjljBfnosf pRr kbflwsfL :gfts tyf :gftfsf]Q pkf
w lng] 5fqxn] nfpg] cf}krfls kf];fs . @= GofofwLzn] Ohnf;df a:bf jf jlsnn] ax; ubf
{ klxlg] kf];fs . ufug gf) cl3Nnf] 5]p tLvf] x'g] xfF;sf] h:t} r'Rrf] ePsf] Ps k|s
fsf] kfgLxfF; . ufuf gf) afnaf]nLdf lrpf jf cGo u]8fu'8L vfg]sf] v]8L . ufu|L gf) [k
uuL < ;+) uu{L] kfgL elg] tfdf], lkQn cflb wft'sf] efF8f] ;fgf] jf demf}nf ufu|f] .
ufu|f ] gf) [k|f) uuf < ;+) uu{] != ofDkf]eGbf ;fgf] ufu|LeGbf 7"nf] cfsfsf] kfgLsf
efF8f] . @= kfgL elg] k|foM df6fsf] 7"nf] efF8f] . uf\u]o lj) [;+)] != u\ufaf6 k}bf
ePsf] u\ufl;t ;DalGwt . gf) @= eLid lktfdx . #= sflt{s]o . uf5 gf) [;+) uR5] != uf
5L . > uf5L gf) v, af]6 (auf5L, kLknuf5L O)) . ufh gf) [c) d") uh\] kfgLdf ;fa'g cfl
b 3f]lnFbf jf cfufdf 58\sg] kbfy{ kfStf cfpg] kmLFh . ufh gf) [;+) u[~hg] d"nfsf h
ftsf], ;"ksf h:t} kft ;]tf]kx]Fnf] x'g], To;} jf tsfL, crf cflb agfP tyf ;nfbdf x
Og] Ps k|l;4 sGb .

317

ufhnufg'ufgf]] uf08Lj gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f clUgb]jaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ch'{gsf] wg' . uftf
gf) [k|f) ufQ] kqbf k':tssf] arfpsf nflu cl3Nnf] kl5Nnf] 5]pdf kqs} cfsf agfP flvg]
sf7sf] kftnf] kmNofs jf uQf cflbsf] bx|f] kftf] k':tssf] lhNb . aGbL lj) uftf afFl
wPsf] lhNb xflnPsf] . uftf] gf) [k|f) ufQ] uftf lhNb . ufq gf) [;+)] k[YjL, jfo', hn
, t]h cfsfzh:tf k~r dxfe"ttjaf6 lgld{t cGgdo zL :y"n zL b]x . ufy gf) [;+) ufq] !
hgsf] ;Grf]la;Grf]af] k|of]u ulg] zLjfrL zAb zL hLp . ufbL gf) ufy ufbL fhfs
. ufyf gf) [;+)] != ;ntf tyf lj:tfk"j{s ufOg] ;To 36gf ljlzi6 tYoo'Qm k|efjf]Tkfbs
uLltsyf uLtfTds syf jf j[QfGt (Jofn]) . @= s;}sf] k|z+;f jf :t'lt :tf]q u'0fufg .
uflys gf) [;+)] ufyf ufpg] JolQm . :qL) uflysf . ufbL! gf) [;+) ut{] != 5fnf gd kfg
]{ jf 6fF:g] sfdsf lglDt af];f] jf df8 xfNg] l; (7f]qmf]) . ufbL@ [u2L] fhsLo cleif
]sk"j{s cff]x0f ulg] u2L fhl;+xf;g fhu2L . ~ a}7s gf) x]) u2La}7s . ~ d'afsd'dfv
leif]skl5 klxnf]kN6 fhu2Ldf a;L hg;fwf0fnfO{ bz{g lbFbf hgtfn] fhfnfO{ r9fpg] gubL
jf lhG;L pkxf . @= To; lsl;dsf] fhsLo z'Ns jf s . ufbf] gf) [;+) ufq] kl5lNt sDdaf6 b
j} 5]p cl3lNt NofO{ bflxg]5]p b]a|] sfFwdf b]a|]5]p bflxg] sfFwdf ;Ksf] dfL bf]xf]f
] 58\s] kf] zLdf leg]{ jf nfpg] sk8f bf}f cflbsf] ;f6f] a]lg] cfsf] klxg . ufw lj
= ulxfO yfxf kfOg] ;lhn};u F tg{ ;lsg] . gf) @= kf tg{ ;lsg] gbL rfFrn hF3f . ufg gf
;+)] != no, tfn, ;' cflb ldnfP ufOg] uLt ufgf ehgsLt{g . @= j0f{g k|z+;f . ~ ahfg gf)
ufpg] ahfpg] sfd :j afhf ldnfP ufOg] ehgsLt{g, uLtufg cflb . ~ ljBf gf) zf:qLo l;4
cg';f ;\uLtsf] tfn, ;' nosf] ;"qa4 1fg ufpg] zf:q ;\uLtljBf . ufgf gf) [;+) ufg] u
. ~ ahfgf gf) x]) ufgahfg . uflgg' c) lqm) [ufg' O g'] != cfOdfO{sf] :tgdf w]} b"w eP
s{g' sNrf}F8fdf b"w elP 6Gsg' . @= kLkut cflb elP vl6f] 6Gsg' . #= ufg'h:t} ;fx|f]
. ufg'ufgf] gf) [;+) u|lGy] != 8Nnf] . @= lkF8fn', u'Gbufg' cflbsf] sGb . #= jfo'lj
sfaf6 pTkGg x'g] k]6sf] f]u

ufhn gf) [;+) sHhn] ;'ulGwt cf}ifwL;d]t xfnL df];f] t]n ldnfP agfOPsf] cfFvfsf sf]
;df nufpg] sfnf]v}f] f[u \ f;fwg . > ufhnL gf) != ufhn nufPsL cfOdfO{ . @= cfFvfsf jl
sfnf]v}f] ePsL ufO{ . ufhn' gf) ufhn nf]suLtdf afbn', dfbn'sf lsl;dn] ufhnsf] kof{od
} f ufhn' ;Demg] k|oQ ' m zAb . (pbf) emdemd k]nL cfFvd Sj} 5}g . nf]suLt) . ufhn
] lj) != ufhnh:tf] ufhnsf] sf] . @= ufhn nfPh:tf] cfFvf b]lvg] (dfG5]) . #= cfFvfsf
jlkl sfnf]v}f] b]lvg] (uf]?) . $= sfnf] gfy|L x'g] (cgfh) . ufh]dfh] lj) != 5f;ld;
ld;df; eP 5'6fpg g;lsg] ePsf] tndfly k]sf] . @= ;'Nemfpg cK7ff] kg]{ uHofu'h' k]s
) vfFaf uf8] agfOg] tfO{ltsf 3sf] lgbfn d]7ljgf flvg] lgbfn . uf8\g' ;) lqm) [k|f)
sg} j:t'nfO{ hldgd'lg 3';fg'{ f]Kg' . @= cFr]6] lyRg' vf8ndf xfn] k'g'{ . #= lgdf 8
pg' lgdf kfg'{ wf]sf lbg' . $= cjglt ufpg' . uf8 gf) [k|f) u < ;+) ut{] != jiff{sf sf
n] tTsfn} a9] cfpg] en af9L enklxf] . @= gbLeGbf ;fgf] vf]nfeGbf 7"nf] lxFpbdf hF3f t
g{ ;lsg] 5ltf] gbL . ~ rNg' ;) lqm) en aUg' af9L cfpg' . wg gf) s;}n] ge]fcf];\ egL
'Iff;fy df6fdf uf8] n'sfOPsf] ;'g, rfFbL, sfF;f], tfdf] cflb hfoh]yf uf8]sf] wg;DklQ
. uf8f gf) [k|f) uLcf] != dfn;fdfg xfn] u'8fpFb} Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf nlug], uf]
?, fFuf, dflg; cflbn] tfGg] rSsfjfn uf8L . @= pv' jf cfn' f]Kgsf nflu af6'nf] vf8n
kf] vlgg] 8f 8fFkmf . jfgjfn gf) != uf8f 7]Ng] jf xfFSg] JolQm . @= uf]? jf fFuf
rfns . ufl8g' s) lqm) [uf8\ O g'] ul8g' leq k:g' efl;g' . uf8L gf) [k|f) uLcf] dfndQf
ofqLnfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF cf];fk;f ug]{ jfxg ;jfL (df]6, ]n, aUuL O)) . jfgj
uf8L xfFSg] JolQm uf8fjfg uf8fjfn . uf8] lj) [uf8\ P] != aLr 8fF8Ldf b'j}lt ;Lwf kg]{
uL e'dL k]sf] (a:t'efp) . @= hf] e'dL k]sf] (xnlkfxf dflgg] uf]?) . uf9 lj) [;+)]
fb} 3lgi7 w]} bx|f] alnof] . @= afSnf] 3gf . gf) #= kfgLsf] wf jf k|jfx af9L uf8 .
j) [;+) uf9] != w]} Hofb} cltzo . @= afSnf] hDb} uPsf] (emf]n kbfy{) #= xNsf gePsf] r
lDsnf] () . $= 3lgi6 ldngzLn (k|d ] , ;DaGw) .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

ufG6]ufoa uf]nf z"n . ufG6] lj) [ufG6f] P] != :jfefljs kdf a9\g g;sL ufFl7Psf] ufG6f]
sf] . @= k'8\s] 8Nn] UofFr] . ~ sfNtf]L gf) x]) ufF7s ] fNtf]L . d'nf gf) ;nudsf] c
f] Ps hftsf] d"nf n]sfnL d"nf 8Nn] d"nf ufF7d ] n " f. ufG6f] lj) [ufF7f]] != ;nSs a
9\g g;sL u7f\lPsf] fd|L ga9]sf] k'8\sf] 8Nnf] . gf) @= k"mnsf] kfu xg] ufF7f] sl
j{ lj) [;+)] uGwj{;Fu ;DalGwt uGwj{sf] . s gf) gfrufgsf lqmofdf lgk'0f JolQm uj}of p
tfb . ~ ljjfx gf) afa'cfdfsf] cg'dltljgf g} s]6fs]6Lsf] k|]d a;] fhLv';Ln] ulg] ljjf
x k|]dljjfx uGwj{ljjfx . ~ j]b gf) ;fdj]bcGtu{t Ps pkj]b j}lbs ;\uLtzf:q . ufGwf gf)
+)] != ;\uLtzf:qcg';f ;ft :j (;f, ], u, d, k, w, lg) dWo]sf] Ps :j tLg ;o gfbnxL x'g
j . @= l;Gw'gbLsf] klZrdt6df l:yt Ps k|frLg b]z kf}fl0fs b]z . uflGws gf) [;+)] uGw;
DaGwL b|Josf] sff]af ug]{ JolQm cQ, s:t"L, s];L, t]n, sk"h:tf ;'uGwL j:t'xsf] Jofkf
GwL gf) [;+) uflGws] != u'hftL j}Zohfltsf] Ps ju{ . @= eftnfO{ c\u|]hL pklgj]zaf6 d'
lSt lbnfpg 7"nf] Tofu ug],{ ;To clx+;fsf kIfkftL, eftLo g]tf df]xgbf; sd{rGb ufGw
L aL;f}F ztfAbLsf eftLo dxfk'?if . jfb gf) clx+;f ;Tofu|xsf cfwfdf rnfOg], ufGwLf
tkflbt fhgLlts l;4fGt . jfbL lj) ufGwLjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] ufGwLjfbsf] cg'ofoL . ufk gf
[;+) ue{] != 3sf] hudf xflng] alnof] 9'\uf] ue]{ 9'\uf] husf] 9'\uf] . @= afnL ePsf]
rfkfFr lbgdf ufO{e}F;Ln] ofFSg] ;]kh:tf] kmf]x . ~ kfSg' 6') afnL ePsf rfkfFr lbgdf u
fO{e}F;Ln] ;]kh:tf] kmf]x lgsfNg' . uflkmn gf) [c)] != sfd ubf{ cfOnfUg] bf]if cauf
n cf}h; . @= yfx} gkfO{sg ulg] uNtL e"nr"s . lj) #= yfxfkQf gePsf] a]va . $= a'l4;'4
Psf] a]xf]; . ufaf] gf) x]) ufef] . ufe\g' ;) lqm) [;+) ue{ g'] != Ps j:t'df csf]{ j:t
' vK6g' sg} b'O{ j:t'nfO{ Ps} 7fpF ldnfpg' hf]8\g' . @= ufF:g' hf]g'{ uR5fpg' . ufe
[;+) ue{] != ufk ue{ kz'sf] ;]k . @= u'Kt 5nsk6 5 Jojxf . ufef gf) [;+) ue{] != ss{n
] cyjf dfg]sf] leqL kft u'e] kft 6';f] lklkf] . @= wfg jf sf]bf] f]Kbf hldgd'lg 3';fl
] aLpsf] d'7f] . #= csf]{ vdf pd|g], kft efFRbf lrKnf] rf]k
318

cfpg] ;fgf nfDrf s]fsf h:tf kft x'g], nxf] jf To;}sf] k"mn ;'gfvLsf] Ps hft . uflegu
legL lj) [;+) ule{0fL] != ule{0fL bf]lhof laofpg] (ufO{, e}F;L cflb) . ufleg'! c) lq
m) [ufe\ O g'] sg} j:t' Pscsf{;u F hf]lg' Ps csf{df vflkg' ldl;g' hf]lN6g' ufFl;g' .
@ lj) ule{0fL ue{ wf/0f u/]sL (ufO{, e}; F L) . ufef] gf) [;+) ue{] != ss{nf], dfg]
cflbsf] leqL kft u'e] kft 6';f] lklkf] . @= wfg jf sf]bf] f]Kbf PskN6df hldgd'lg 3';
flg] aLpsf] d'7f] . #= s]fsf kfth:t} cfsfsf ;fgf 5f]6f kft x'g], c vdf 6fFl;g] Ps em
s hftsf] ;'gfvL . ufdu'd gf) [c) d") u'd\ c(l))] != k|sfzdf gcfO{sg leqleq} rn]sf] xN
nf vf;v'; . @= sg} lglGbt sfd aflx km}ng glbg] jf sg} uf]Ko sf] ;x;f n'sfpg] rfnafhL
ufdu'Dd lqm) lj) [u'Dd(l))] != uf]Kotf arfpg t'?Gt} r'krfk jf ;ts{ x'g] rfn ufDdu'
Dd . @= ofn 9f]sf y'Gg] jf w]} n'ufkmf6f nfpg]cf]9\g] uL hLpnfO{ ud Gofgf] kfg]{ lsl
;d . ufDdu'Dd lqm)lj) != esfes vfg] rfnn] . @= ufdu'Dd . ufdn gf) [;+) u|fdL0f] uf
pF3 5l5d]s ufFjn . ufd:yfg gf) [;+) u|fd:yfg] k|foM lwdfn hfltn] v]tLsf b]jLb]jLsf k|
ltdf agfP v]tsf dfemdf :yfkgf u]sf] dlGb s[lifb]jtf . ufdL lj) [;+)] != ultzLn udg ug
{ ofqL (cu|ufdL, b"ufdL O)] @= udg ug]{ ;Def]u ug]{ (j]ZofufdL, k:qLufdL O)) . ufDeL
o{ gf) [;+)] != uDeL x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt w}o{ uDeLtf . @= gf6ssf g]tfdf xg] ;flTjs u
0f 8, zf]s, qmf]w xif{sf] cj:yfdf klg gfosdf ljsf gb]lvg] u'0f . ufos gf) [;+)] :j,
o, tfn cflb ldnfP uLt ufpg] JolQm uj}of p:tfb . > ufosL gf) ufgljBfsf cg';f 7Ls;Fu uf
pg] lqmof jf l:ylt ufpg] k|jL0ftf . ufoqL gf) [;+)] != rf}aL; dfqf x'g] Ps j}lbs 5
Gb . @= pQm 5Gbdf lrt cfo{xdf kljq dflgg] ;fFemlaxfg hlkg] k|l;4 j}lbs dGq . #= hk
lrGtg ug]n { fO{ Iff ug]{ dflgPsL cffWo b]jL ufoqL dGqsL clwi7fqL . ufog gf) [;+)] !
= ufpg] lqmof jf efj . @= ;', no tfn;lxt ufOg] rgf ufgf uLt . ufoa gf) [c)] kQ} gnfU
] uL u'Dg] jf xfpg] sfd a]kQf cnk .

319

uflosflu8f] agfOPsf] 8Nnf] dxLsf 5f]qmfsf] 8Nnf] . ufnL gf) [;+) ufln] != s;}k|lt l;f
P jf qmf]wn] ulg] cZnLn jf ckdfghgs jrg b'jf{Ro . @= 8 wfs b]vfpg] wDsL xKsL . #= Jo
o jf s6' jrgff lbOg] r]tfjgL . ~ unf}h gf) k:kdf ulg] cff]kk|Toff]k Psbf];f| sf
}L . ~ uf]tf gf) k:kdf ulg] ufnL jf b'jf{Ro Psbf];f |d ] f x'g] egfj}L . ufnLdf]nL
fn\ O{ df]n\ O{] ;'g, rfFbL cflb j:t'sf k'fgf jf tofL dfnnfO{ ufn] d"No ls6\g] jf ;fkf]g
kf] Ps} 7fpFdf ldnfpg] sfd . ufn] lj) [ufn P] e2f ufnf ePsf] ufnf k'Ss p7]sf] . ~ tl
sof gf) sf]N6] k] ;'Tbf ufnf c8fOg] ;fgf] l;fgL . ufxs lj) [;+) u|fxs] != ahf cflbdf
dfn;fdfg vlb ug]{ ;;fdfg lsGg] u|fxs . gf) @= d"No lt] s'g} ;fdfg lsGg] JolQm ufxsL
ufxsL gf) ufxs . ufxf/f]ufx|f ] lj) != d'l:sn;Fu dfq sfd kmQ] ug{ ;lsg] sl7g . @= c
;lhnf] cK7]f] . ~ ;fu'f];f3'f] lj) x]) vgvfFrf] ufx|f];f
\u|f] ufx|f];fx|f] . ~ ;
c;lhnf] jf cK7]f] dsf{ kg]{ . ~ ;fx|f] lj) Jojxf rnfpg wf}wf} kg]{ c8\sf]k8\sf] vgvfF
f] ufx|f; ] f
\uf |] . lu8 \ g' ;) lqm) [luF8 g'] sf7kft cflb sg} nfdf, 8f]nf] j:t' t]
kl sf6] luF8 kfg'{ 6'So|fpg' 7'GSofpg' . lu8 gf) [k|f) u08] != zLnfO{ 6fpsf]af6 cnU
afFsL x]sf] hLp w8 . @= vnfO{ luF8] cffn] sf6\g 7Ls kflPsf] 5f]6f]df]6f] 6'qmf] luF8
f] . #= pv'sf] luF8L jf 8fF7 . lu8fO gf) [lu8 (cfO)] luF8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] lu8fOg' s) lqm) luF8\g nfOg' . lu8fpg' k|) ] lqm) luF8\g nfpg' 6'qmf6'qmf kfg'
. lul8g' s) lqm) luF8g \ ] sfd ulg' 6'lqmg' 7'lGsg' . lu8L gf) [luF8O{] != pv'sf]
luF8 . @= k]Ng l7Ss kf]sf pv'sf 8fF7 . lu8'Nsflu8'NsL gf) [luF8'Nsf] luF8'Nsf]] ;fgf7
nf w]} luF8'Nsf . lu8l ' Nsg' c) lqm) [luF8N ' sf]Og'] nfdf] 8f]nf] j:t' sf6\bf luF8'
Nsf x'g' luF8'Nsf] kg'{ . lu8N ' sf] gf) [ luF8] != v, pv' cflbsf] 5f]6f]df]6f] 6'qmf
] 7'Gsf] luF8 . lj) @= e2f vfnsf] 8Nnf] g;'xfpFbf] . lu8'NSofO gf) [ lu8'lNs (ofO)]
'lNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof luF8'Nsf] kfg]{ sfd [ > ] lu8'NSofOg' s) lqm) luF8'Nsf
] kflg' . lu8'NSofpg' k|]) lqm) luF8'Nsf] kfg'{ . lu8f] gf) rgf}6f]df rGbg 3f]l6g] >L
v08, QmrGbg cflbsf] 6'qm] sf7 .

uflosf gf) [;+)] uLt ufpg] gfL :qL ufos . uflogL gf) [;+)] ufgahfgsf] k];f lng] :qL u
fgahfg uL hLljsf ug]{ cfOdfO{ . ufof]! gf) [k|f) ufof]uof] < ;+) ub] lkQsf] f]u . uf
of]@ gf) kfn'jf 5Fbf a:t'efpn] vfPdf unf nfu] dg]{ 8 xg], l5lKkPkl5 eg] 3fF; x'g], a
f6'nf 7"n7"nf kft ePsf] Ps af]6 . uftufb gf) [c
\) uf8{] != kfnf]kxfsf nflu t}gfy ul
kN6g ;]gfsf] ;'Iff 6f]nL . @= c
\uIfs bn Ifs . #= f; vft y'k|f] . uf?8 lj) [;+)]
GwL u?8sf cfsfsf] . gf) @= b]jtf u?8 ePsf] dGq ;k{sf] ljif emfg]{ u?8sf] dGq . uf?l
8suf?8L gf) [;+)] ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] ljif emfg]{ JolQm ljifgfzs dGqsf] 1ftf ljifj}B ;k]f
~ ljBf gf) ;k{sf] ljif emfg]{ dGq ;k{nfO{ jzLs0f ug]{ jf To;sf] cf}ifwL lgdf{0f ulg
] ljBf ;k{ljBf . uff]! gf) [k|f) uf ;+) u|fjf] 3, dlGb cflb agfpFbf lxnf] df6f] jf
]G6n] hf]8] nufOg] OF6, 9'
\uf cflbsf] leQf] kvf{n cf6 . uff]@ lj) [;+) uf9] != x]) uf
|f] . uf8{ gf) [c
\)] kxf lbg] JolQm Ifs x]) uftufb . ~ ckm cg gf) ;Ddfguft . uf
] clUgsf tLg e]b cfXjgLo, bflIf0ffTo ufx{kTodWo] t];f| ] u[x:yxsf] kfso1sf] clUg ;x;
flUg . ufx{:Yo gf) [;+)] != u[x:y x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf u[x:yf>d . @= u[x:yLxn] ug'{
kg]{ cfr0f jf wd{sfo{ u[x:yLsf] sfd . ufn\g' ;) lqm) [un\ g'] != ;'g, rfFbLh:tf] 7f];
j:t'nfO{ kufNg' . @= lgwf]{ kfg'{ ysfpg' . #= ljjz t'Nofpg' x}fg kfg'{ . ufn! gf) [;
+) ufln] sg} sfdsf lau|b F f cfOnfUg] ckh; caufn cf}h; . ufn@ gf) [;+) uf9] != en ;f
]lP Pslqt eO{ aUb} hfg] gfnL vf]N;f] 9n . @= vf8n vfN6f] . ufng gf) [;+)] 7f]; j:t'nf
{ tn kdf kl0ft ug]{ sfd ;'g, rfFbLh:tf wft'nfO{ cfuf]df unfpg] sfd . ufnkff lj) [ufn
caufn kfg]{ ufn kfg]{ . ufnf gf) [;+) uNn] d'vsf bflxg]b]a|] x]sf, cfFvfd'lgsf sfg;
fd'Gg]sf b'O{ kf6f skf]n . uflnt lj) [;+)] != sk85fg ulPsf] 5flgPsf] . @= 9flnPsf] uf
lnPsf] . uflnd gf) rfNgLdf 5fg] ar]sf] dxLsf] lyu|f] e]nf kfL

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

luhn\g'lug]L luhn\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) luHem g'] x]) luhf]Ng' . > luhnfO gf) luhNg] efj,
of jf k|lqmof . luhnfOg' s) lqm) luhNg nfOg' . luhnfpg' k|]) lqm) luhNg nfpg' . lu
hlng' s) lqm) luhf]lng' . luhnf] gf) x]) luhf]nf] . luhf gf) bfFt pd|g] bfFtnfO{ ;'l
Ift fVg] c\u bfFtsf] 3 . lulhg' c) lqm) [k|f) luHem O g'] != dfOnf] jf dgaxnfpsf nfl
ug'{ lhl:sg' 7fd:sL ug'{ . @= lgn{Hh eP af]Ng' Otlg' l5lxlng' 5f8f sf ug'{ . lu
) [c) d") lulh\ c(l))] != Ps} 7fpFdf y'lk|g] jf ;uaufpg] uL -j:t', dflg; cflb_ @= 9\u
gk'ofO{sg . lulhldhL lqm) lj) [c) d") luh\ O{(l))];uaufpg] rfn jf c:ki6 zAbl;t lulhldl
. luhf]n\g' ;) lqm) [luHh g'] lunf] j:t'nfO{ xftn] a];L d'5g \ ' jf dy]Ng' luhf]nf] kf
g'{ x'8 F Ng' kmf]xL 9\un] df8d'8 kfg'{ . > luhf]nfO gf) luhf]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
luhf]nfOg' s) lqm) luhf]Ng] sfd ufOg' luhnfOg' . luhf]nfpg' k|]) lqm) luhf]Ng nfpg'
jf kmf]xL kffn] dy]Ng nufpg' . luhf]lng' c) lqm) luhf]lng] jf dy]lng] sfd x'g' dy]nd
fy]n x'g' . luhf]nf] lj) != bfneft, bxLlrpf cflb vfg]sf d'5] l3gnfUbf] agfPsf] . @=
yL sfd ld;fP uHdf}f] kf]sf] . luHh lqm) lj) [c) d") luh\ h] d'vaf6 kmLFh sf9\g] jf lg:
g] uL (fn sf9\g] jf y's lgsfNg] lsl;d) l3gnfUbf] lsl;dn] (lunf] j:t' d'5g \ ] rfn)
. > lulHhg' x]) lulhg' . luHofO gf) [ lulh (ofO)] != lulhg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[luHofpcfO] @= luHofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] luHofOg' s) lqm) luHofpg] sf
d ulg' lh:SofOg' . luHofpg' ;) lqm) != gfs, d'v cflb rnfP s;}nfO{ lh:Sofpg' luHofpg]
sfd ug'{ . @= csf{nfO{ nfh x'g] vfnsf] sf u] xF;L p8fpg' Vofn7f ug'{ . #= s;}nfO{ pQ]
ht kfg'{ . lu6sfL gf) ufogdf tfgf 5f]8b \ f 3fF6Lleq x'g] Ps k|sfsf] :jsDkg . luL gf
;+) lulh, lx) luL] d]l;gdf 6'So|fP cyjf 3gn] lxsf{P dl;gf kflPsf 9'u \ fsf 6'qmf f]
fZd . lu6\7f]lu7f] gf) t?nsf nxfdf kmNg] 8Nnf] jf nfDrf] kmn . lu8lu8 lqm) lj) [c) d
") lu8(l))] nq] k|fy{gf ug]{ lsl;dn] dg gkg]{ uL l38l38 . > lu8lu8fO gf) lu8lu8fpg] e
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lu8lu8fOg' s) lqm) lu8lu8fpg] sfd ulg' . lu8lu8fpg' c) lqm) !
= Hofb}
320

lalGtefp ug'{ lgd'vf eP k|fy{gf ug'{ l38l38fpg' . @= lbSs nfUg] uL srsrfpg' . #= xfF
; cflb rf sfpg' . lu8fg gf) [luF8 cfg] v sfl6;s]kl5 xfFuflaFuf l5dn] 7fpF7fpFdf luF8L
F8 agfpg] sfd . lutf\u] gf) [;+) uLtf\u] uLt ufpg] JolQm ufgahfg ug]{ dflg; ufos . lu
tf gf) [c\) lu6f] ;f\uLsf cfsfsf] l;tfh:t} uL ]6] ahfOg] 5j6f tf nfu]sf] Ps afh
[uLt cf?] ufos . lub gf) x]) uLt . > lubfp8Llubfp8f] gf) tGg]L ufos lutf\u] o'js tGg
nfUbf] ufos g]tf (k) g])) . lubL gf) [;+) uf]b{] != 6fpsfdf vKkleq xg] r]tgfsf] ;[h
s tj dflgg] df;Lh:tf] kbfy{ dly\un duh dl:tis . @= ;f]rljrf tyf ts{, lg0f{o cflb ug]{
zlQm a'l4 . lub]L gf) s]xL nfDrf gd kft x'g], ufO{a:t'nfO{ 3fF; v'jfOg], la5f}gfdf R
fKbf p8';, plkofFsf] cf}ifwL x'g] a'6f] ;]tf], v}f] sfnf] tLg lsl;dsf x'g] ;]tf] l
ub]L, v}L lub]L sfnf] lub]L gfdsf] af]6 . lu4 gf) [;+) u[4] != d]sf k|f0fLxsf] df;
], w]} 6f9fsf] l;gf] klg b]Vg], k|foM udL{ k|b]zdf a:g] df+;fxfL 7"nf] kIfL . lj)
@= df;' vfg eg]kl5 dld]6\g] df;'sf] ;fx|} nf]eL . lu4] lj) [lu4 P] !=df;' vfg Hofb} d
ld]6g \ ] df;' vfgdf c;fWo} nf]eL . @= lu4 h:tf] lu4sf cfsfsf] . ~ PsfbzL gf) (PsfbzL
g} eP klg k|foM ar]vr ' s ] f] df;' vfOg] x'gfn]) b;}Fsf] 6Lsfsf ef]lnkN6sf] Ps
fbzL . ~ kxf] gf) != lu4 a:g] jf lu4h:t} b]lvg] kxf] . @= bflh{ln hfg] af6fdf kg]{ v
;f{sf 5]psf] k|l;4 kxf] . ~ k|; ] gf) g]kfnsf k|wfgdGqL h\uaxfb' f0ffn] a]nfotaf6 km
{Fbf lj) ;+) !()*df ;Fu;Fu} NofPsf] eGg] ljZjf; ulPsf] lu4lrXgcl\st P]ltxfl;s k|]; j
f d'b|0foGq . lub|L gf) [lub|f ] O{] 3'F8f;Ddsf] leqL gfk . ~ nDafO gf) kfOG6sf] le
qL nDafO jf 6fsf] nDafO . lub|f ] gf) [;+) uf]b{] != sfFqmf, km;L{, l3f}Fnf, nf}sf
cflb kmnk"mnsf] u'bL . @= afF;, dfln\uf], lgufnf] cflb j:t'sf] leqL efu . lulgkmf
] gf) [c\) lugLkmfpn] gLnf] csf;] df sfnf] ldl;Psf] s]xL ;]tf 6Lsf b]lvg] kv]6f
s hftsf] kfNt' rf] nf}sf6 . lug' gf) [ef]) a) <] lnR5ljsfnLg g]kfndf k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf
] j[lQ . lug]L gf) [;+) ul0fsflsf] ;]tf] sf] k"mn k'mNg]

321

luGtLluNofpg' kbjL . @= ;GGof;Lxsf] Ps y . luL@ gf) [kmf) uL] c zAbsf k5fl8 nfu] sf
;f, Ond cflb cy{ a'emfpg] pQkb (sflGbfluL, ls;fgluL, df]hluL O)) . luLz gf) [;+)] !=
nf] kj{t lulfh . @= dxfb]j lzj . luvf] { gf) != ;fgf]ltgf] kmf]sf], k'msG8f] jf vl6f
@= ;fgf] cfFVnf] . #= 9'\uf, df6f cflbsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] . { Olu|lhof] O;fO{ wd{ d
fGg]xn] O{Zjsf] luhf{3 gf) [kf]t) k|fy{gf ug]{ 3 . lubf{ gf) [kmf) lub{] != rf}lt n
f] 3]f SofDkf sF8'nf] . @= 5l5d]ssf] 7fpF 3ufpF xftf . luf{ gf) [lu\ f] esG8f]
] ePsf] nL . lunluNofO gf) [ lunluNofp (cfO)] lunluNofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lun
luNofOg' s) lqm) lyr] jf rnfP lunf] kflg' luNofOg' . lunluNofpg' ;) lqm) [lunf] (l))
] lyryfr kfL rnfP lunf] ufpg' luNofpg' . > lunluNofx6 gf) lunluNofpg] efj, l:ylt, lqm
of jf k|lqmof lunluNofO . lunl;lg gf) [c
\) lUnl;lg\] ss{Rrfdf aGr] x'Fbf, k}tfnf km
jf xftd'vsf] 5fnf gd kfg{ n];] nfOg] n]bf] lrNnf] kbfy{ . lunfkm gf) [c)] lkFhf 5f]
Kg] 9Ssg tlsof cflbsf] vf]n . lunf; gf) [c
\) Unf;] kLFw s]xL ;fgf] d'v k'ms]sf] lkQ
n, l:6n, l;;f cflbaf6 ag]sf] kfgL, lrof cflb vfg] 7f8f] nfDrf] efF8f] . lulnSslul
nQ lqm) lj) [c) d") lulns\st] lunf] x'g] uL (kfs] jf ;8]) unSs kmtSs . lulnNn lqm)
) d") lun\ > lulnn\n] lvTsf 5f]8g \ ] uL rsf]{ :jn] (xfF:g] lsl;d) . lunf] lj) [k|f)
ulnc < ;+) ulnt] != kfgL ldl;P gd ePsf] . @= 7f]{ jf ;fx|f] gePsf] sdnf] . #= ;do k'
u] jf a9\tf kfsL gd ePsf] (kmnk"mn) . luN6L! gf) [c
\) luN8] != ;]tf], xNsf ;:tf] Ps
k|sfsf] wft' cfndf]lgod . @= wft'sf efF8fxdf d'nDdf nufOg] Ps lsl;dsf] wft' lgsn . l
uN6L@ gf) ;bL{ nfu], g;f v'lDrP jf hLpdf sg} tf]8 cflb k] zLsf hf]gL{hf]gL{df lg:sg
7f] k'msG8f] . luN8 gf) xNofG8 jf g]bNofG8sf d'b|fsf] gfd . luNofO gf) [ luNofp (cf
uNofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] luNofOg' s) lqm) lunf] kflg' . luNofpg' ;) lq
m) [lunf]ofpg'] sg} rLhnfO{ kfgL xfn] jf lyr] gd kfg'{ lunf] t'Nofpg' .

vo
sf ;;fgf kmn kmNg], ;fgf7"nf b'O{ e]b x'g,] ;fgf]sf kft nfDrf 7"nf]sf kft gLdsf h:
tf x'g] Ps j[If . luGtL gf)x]) uGtL . luGgL gf) ;'gsf] Ps k|sfsf] l;Ssf jf d'b|f .
lu\g' ;) lqm) [;+) ls] != tnlt hfg' emg'{ v:g' . @= v jf eL, kxfaf6 n8\g' v'd'l
cfly{s jf dof{bfsf b[li6n] v:sg' ktg x'g' . lu gf) [c) d") lu\ c] sf7sf] esG8f] . ~ v
Ng' 6') cfk"m u] vfg cN5L uL csf{sf] sdfOdf df]hdHhf ug'{ . lutf lj) [kmf)] sg} ck
eof]udf kqmfp k]sf] ckfwL 7fg] clwsfLju{ff ;dfltPsf] . > lutfL gf) lutf x'gfs
f efj . lud'u \ L | lunf}L gf) [lu d'u \ L | nf}L] 6]an ' 6]lg;eGbf s]xL 7"nf] an
fGg] csf{n] d'\u|fn] kmsf{pFb} v]Ng] v]n lqms]6sf] v]n . lux gf) [kmf)] ;jf b'O{ OGr
afasf] gfkf] uhsf] gfk k|0ffnLcg';f uhsf] ;f]x|f}F efu . luf gf) [;+)] jf0fL efiff
. lufO gf) [ lu\ (cfO)] lug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lufOg' s) lqm) lufpg]
lg' v;fOg' . lufpg' k|]) lqm) lug{ nfpg' v;fpg' n8fpg' . lufg gf) [lu\cfg] != v:g
x'g] sfd lufO . @= 6'f jf 3f6f kg]{ sfd xflg gf]S;fgL . > lufgL gf) != 7]Ssfkf jf J
;fo;DaGwL sff]afdf ;fjfF;d]t vtd x'Fb} uPsf] cj:yf d"n wg 36] kg]{ 3f6f xflggf]S;fgL
'f . @= lufO . lul gf) [;+)] != k[YjLsf] ljifd wftn ePsf 7fpFsf] cUnf] efu kxf8 kj{t
@= ;GGof; wf0f ug]{ of]uLxsf bz e]bdWo] Ps pkflw . sl0f{sf gf) ;]tf] sf] k"mn k'mNg]
ckflhtf . hf gf) lxdfno kj{tsL k'qL lultgof kfj{tL . wwfL gf) s[i0f . gfy g
zj . lulg' c) lqm) [lu\ O g'] vl;g' emlg' . lulk|:y gf) [;+)] kxf8sf aLr efudf x]sf
clwTosf . lulfh gf) [;+)] kj{txsf] fhf 7"nf] kj{t (lxdfno kj{t, ;'d? ] kj{t, uf]j4{g
j{t) . lulz[u \ gf) [;+)] kxf8sf] 6fsf] kj{tsf] lzv . lul;'t gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf]
6fsf sfl6Psf] k|;\u ePsf] Ps kj{t d}gfs kj{t . lul;'tf gf) [;+)] kfj{tL . luL! gf)
lul] != ;GGof;Lxsf] ;Ddfg;"rs Ps

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

luNnu'Rrf luNn lqm) lj) [c) d") lun\ n] Ps} v]k tLvf] lvTsf 5f8\g] uL (xfF:g] lsl;d)
. luNnf gf) [kmf) lun] != 3f]rk]rsf ;fy ulg] xF:;L 7f . @= s;}nfO{ lxofP ulg] lgGbf
ff x]nf . #= bf]if nufpg] sfd cfIf]k . > lulNng' c) lqm) x]) lulHhg' . luNnL gf) xF;
L 7f . luNNofO gf) lulNng] luNNofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . luNNofOg' s) lqm) luNnf
ulg' luHofOg' . luNNofpg' ;) lqm) luNnf ug'{ luHofpg' . uLt gf) [;+)] ljz]iftM ufpgs
f lglDt lrPsf] nofTds tyf ;'nlnt kBrgf ufgf ufg . sf lj) uLt Rg] ufgf agfpg] . ~
) uLtsf] dw' no jf Wjlg ufgfsf] ;'lnf] k|ltWjlg . ~ uf]ljGb hob]jff lrt k|Voft ;+:s[
LltsfJo . uLtf gf) [;+)] != dxfeftdf o'4af6 ljd'v x'g nfu]sf ch'{gnfO{ 1fg, sd{ el
Qmof]usf ;fy} dfgjLo st{Joaf] >Ls[i0fn] lbPsf] pkb]z . @= lxGb"xsf] k|l;4 bfz{lgs
u|Gy eujb\uLtf . #= 7"nf dxfk'?ifn] lbPsf 5Gbf]a4 tyf 1fgdo pkb]z (fduLtf, eujb\uL
tf, lzjuLtf O)) . uLtf~hnL gf) [;+)] != k|fy{gf ub}{ hf]l8Psf] cFh'nL . @= jLGb|gf
y 7fsff lrt gf]a]n k':sf k|fKt k|l;4 Ps uLltsfJo . uLlt gf) [;+)] != nofTds kBrgf
@= cfof{ 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . sf gf) != n3' uLt . ;fgf] jf 5f]6f] ufg . @= ;u0f, hu0f,
eu0f, u0f, ;u0f n3'u'? x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . ~ sfJo gf) uLt}uLt ePsf] jf uLlt tjnfO
{ k|d'vtf lbP lrPsf] sfJo u]ofTds u'0fn] o'Qm sfJo . ~ gf6sgf6 gf) uLtk|wfg ePsf] cle
osfJo k|foM kBdf n]lvPsf] Ps k|sfsf] ks . do lj) uLlttjn] o'Qm ;\uLtk|wfg no jf
. ~ ks gf) uLltgf6suLltgf6 . uLjf{0f gf) [;+)] b]jtf ;' . o'4ljqmd zfx gf) lj) ;
f hGd eO{ P]) %%df fhu2Ldf a:g] lj) ;+) !*&#df lbj\ut x'g] zfxj+zLo rf}yf fhf . u'u
j) [kmf) u'u F ] af]nL fd|L gk'm6]sf] af]Ng g;Sg] nf6f] n7]a|f] . u'h gf) df5f]em}
fgLdf a:g], df5fsf] h:t} t ljzfn zL ePsf], k'mn kfg]{ ;f6f] kz'em}F laofpg] aRrfnfO
{ b"w r';fpg] Ps cgf}7f] eLdsfo dT:ohflt ;f]; F (8lNkmg) . u'8 gf) != rfr'?
\uLn] vsf
fFuf, 6f]8\sf cflb 3sf blng, v6Kjfn cflbdf agfPsf] af; a:g] 7fpF jf 3 rfxsf] 3 . @=
{ . #= cfdf (Ps} u'F8sf 5f]/f5f]/L) . u'8'lng' c) lqm) [u'F8'nf] O g'] != ;]nf]6Lh:tf]
f6'nf] x'g' u'F8'nf] kg'{ u'F8'lNsg' 3'Fu'lg' . @= dfGb|f], sk8f, af]f
322

cflb a]lPh:tf] x'g' . > u'8'nL gf) u'8 F l' ng] sfd jf k|lqmof . u'8'nf] gf) [ sF8'n
j[Qfsf ]vf, 8f]L jf To:t} vfnsf] sg} kbfy{ sF8'nf] . u'8 N ' ofO gf) [ u'8 l'
8 F l' ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'8'NofOg' s) lqm) u'F8'lng] kflg' . u'8'No
fpg' k|]) lqm) u'F8'lng] kfg'{ u'F8'nf] t'Nofpg' . u'8'lNsg' c) lqm) [u'F8'Nsf] O g']
8'lng' . u'8'Nsf] gf) [u'F8'nf]sf]] != u'F8'nf] . lj) @= u'F8'nf]h:tf] N ' SofO gf)
'8 F l' Nsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . j[Qfsf . > u'8 u'8'NSofOg' s) lqm) u'8'Nsf] kf
lg' . u'8 N ' Sofpg' k|) ] lqm) u'8'Nsf] kfg'{ u'F8'Nofpg' u'F8'lng nfpg' . u'8 N '
ofO gf) [ u'8 l' n(ofO)] u'8 F l' ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'8 N ' ofOg' s
lqm) u'8 F n ' f] kflg' . u'8 N ' ofpg' ;) lqm) != u'F8'nf] kfg'{ af6'nf] kfg'{ .
k|]) lqm) @= u'F8'lng nfpg' . u'b! gf) l;d k]sf] 7fpFdf knfpg], af]hf]sf h:t} RofK6
f t nfdf kft x'g], kftsf 6'Kkfdf sf]bfsf h:t} e'mKkfbf kmn kmNg] tyf u'Gb|L, ;'sn
cflb a'Gg pkof]u x'g] Ps hftsf] emf jf To;}sf] hf] 7"nf] hftsf] df]y] . u'b@ gf) [;+)
u'Uu'n] ljz]if k|sfsf] vf]6f]af6 aGg], cvfB e]bdf sfut, sk8f cflb 6fF:g] sfddf k
|of]u x'g] vfB e]bdf ld7fO{, cf}ifwL cflb agfpg k|of]u x'g] kbfy{ . kfs gf) u'Fb
ld;fO{ ag]sf] ld7fO{ . u'b L gf) x]) u'Gb|L . u'n f gf) [g]jf)] != b'j}lt 5fnfn] df
sf], bfofFlt xftn] afofFlt uhfn] ahfOg] 9f]ns hftsf] Ps afhf . @= >fj0f z'SnkIfsf]
k|ltkbfb]lv efb| s[i0f cdfjf:of;Ddsf hDdf tL; lbg af}4 wdf{jnDaLxn] dfGg] wfld{s
rf8 jf d]nf . u'O7 ] lj) [u'O7 F f]P] hLp8fn zLsf] 9fFrf gldn]sf] k'8\sf] UofFr]
O7f] gf) [;+) uf]lji7f] != ufO{a:t'sf] uf]a ;'sL ag]sf] kbfy{ . @= uf]asf] af6'nf] j
f y]Krf] rSsf agfO{ leQfx'Fbf] ;'sfP afNgsf lglDt tof kflg] df]6f] kfk|f] ;'sfPsf uf
]asf] OGwg . u'Oof gf) [k|f) uf]lqo] != leqL ;Nnfx dtf] . @= cfTdLotf ulxf] ldqtf . #
v]nsbdf cfgf] kIfsf] ;fyL lxQlrQ ldn]sf] ;fyL hf]8f jf hf]8L ;xof]uL . $= sg} sfsf
f jf xNnf . u'Pnf] gf)x]) u'x]nL . u'3'tL gf) x]) 3'u'tL . u'rd'Rr lqm) lj) x]) u'hd
'Hh . u'Rrf gf) [;+) u'6rf] u'8fP v]Ng] sfFr, dl;gf cfsfsf]

323

u'R5u'R5su'6d ' 6 ' ' u'h]:tf gf) [kmf) u'hf] hLjglgjf{x hLljsf u'hff u'hfg . u'hf
) d") u'h \ cf]] wfuf] cflbn] 8lNnPsf] u'hN ' 6f] . \ h] l;fP gaf]Ng] jf x:odo u'Hh l
qm) lj) [c) d") u'h x'g] lsl;dn] . u'Hhf gf)x]) u'Rrf . u'lHhg' c) lqm) [u'Hh O g'] l;
m}F uL gaf]n ] a:g' u'Hh kg'{ . u'h | g' c) lqm) [kmf) u'h\ g'] != sg} pko'Qm ;do la
nf 6] hfg' . @= d'2fdfldnfdf cfgf] tflv gfg' cjlw gfg' Dofb gfg' . #= gfz x'g' b
$= dg'{ | O gf) u'hg | ] lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'hf | Og' rf]nf p7\g' . > u'hf s) lqm
) u'h|g] sfd ufOg' . u'h|fpg' k|]) lqm) u'h|g nfpg' u'hg | ] kfg'{ . u'hf |t L lj) [
u'hftL] eftsf] u'hftk|bz ] sf] u'hftdf ag]sf] jf kfOg] u'hft;DaGwL . ~ ufO{ gf) b"
lu k|l;4 Ps lsl;dsf] ufO{ . ~ afhf gf) kGr}afhf afR5}afhf . ~ e}+;L gf) 3'ld|Psf l;
x'g], hLpdf e'Tnf gu0o dfqfdf x'g], sfnf] sf] b'wfn' e}F;L . ~ d'xfnL gf) l5b| ePsf
] k'ms] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . u'~hg gf) [;+)] != edf, dfx'L cflbsf] zAb e'ge'gfx6
@= dw' Wjlg dw' zAb Wjlgt\u . u'~hfodfg lj) [;+)] rf}lt u'lF hx]sf] dw' Wjlg c
f) [u7] sg} vf; p2]Zo lnP s]xL JolQmsf] kIf, dt jf :jfy{sf cfwfdf ag]sf] ;fgf] bn j
f hdft kf:kls dte]b jf fu]ifsf sf0fn] sg} 7"nf] ;\u7g jf ;d"xleq tof ePsf] ;fgf] ;
GbL gf) u'6 agfpg] lqmof jf l:ylt bnaGbL . u'6d'l6g' c) lqm) [u'6d ' 6 '
' O g'] != u
6d ' 6 ' ' kL Pp6} kf]sf]h:tf] x'g'l;s, w':;f cflbn] 9flsP ;'Tg' . @= ePesf] wg;DklQ
f dfndQf Ps}kN6 xftnfuL x'g' . #= n8La8L x'g' 3';d'lG6g' . > u'6d'6fO gf) u'6d'6fpg]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'6d'6fOg' s) lqm) u'6'd'6' kflg' . u'6d'6fpg' ;) lqm) != sg} dfn
Qf jf j:t' u'6d ' 6 ' ' kf] a]g'{ sfut, sk8f cflbn] 5f]Kg' . @= ePesf] ;fdfg ;a} af]
s] lxF8\g' hDd} u'6'd'6' kf] n}hfg' . k|]) lqm) #= u'6d'l6g nfpg' . u'l6sfu'6L gf) [;
)] != cf}ifwL cflbsf] ;fgf] uf]nL a'6L . @= ;fgf] cfsfsf] k':ts (pdfdx]Zju'l6sf uf}Lz
s u'l6sf O)) . #= of]uzf:qcg';f d'vdf xfNgf;fy cb[Zo eP hxfF dg nfUof] ToxfF k'Ug ;
lsG5 eGg] dGql;4 uf]nL . u'6'd'6' lqm) lj) [c) d") u'6'(l))] != n'uf sk8f cflb cf]
9] fd|L 9flsg] jf 5f]lkg] lsl;dn] . @= sfut, sk8f

9'\uf cflbsf] d6f\u|fsf cfsfsf] ;fgf] uf]nL u'Hhf . u'R5u'R5s gf) [;+)] u'R5f . u'R5
) [u'R5f]sf] lt) )] Ps} e]6\gfdf kmn]sf cg]s kmn jf Ps} e]6\gfdf k'mn]sf cg]s k"m
nsf] e'mKkf u'R5 u'R5s . bf lj) u'R5}u'R5f ePsf] u'R5f k]sf] . u'R5f] gf) [;+) u'R
k"mnxsf] e'mKkf] k"mnx afFlwPsf] d'7f] . @= kf]t], wfuf], lag cflbsf] e'mKkf] . u'h
d'h gf) [c) d") u'h\ c(l))] ;nSs l;lgQ kg'k { g]{ sg} klg j:t'df k]sf v'Drfv'DrL vhd
> u'hd'lhg' c) lqm) n'uf cflb j:t'df d'hfd'hf kg'{ vhdlhg' u'h'd'Hh kg'{ . u'hd'h ]
lj) u'h'd'h' k]sf] v'lDrPsf] ' ] ;okqL d'hd } h ' f k]sf] (u'hd'h] skfn, u'hd'h] a'f,
uh'dh O)) . u'hd'Hh lqm) lj) [c) d") u'h\ d'h\] != sfut, sk8f cflb v'lDrg] jf u'hd
'lhg] uL . @= wfuf], 8f]L cflb j:t' cNem] u'h'lN6g] lsl;dn] . #= w]} dflg;, dfndQf j
f a:t'efp Ps} 7fpF uHdf}lg] 9\udf . u'hftL gf) [u'hft (:yfg) O{] x]) u'h|fFtL . u'hfg
[kmf) u'h] lgjf{x hLljsf u'hff . u'hf\g' ;) lqm) [kmf) u'hf g'] != h;f]t;f] uL ;d
hLjglgjf{x ug'{ u'h]:tf rnfpg' . @= Dofb jf tflv s6fpg' Dofb g3fpg' . u'hff gf) [kmf)
u'hf] hLjglgjf{xsf lglDt cFuflnPsf] jf lbOPsf] k];f hLjgj[lQsf] af6f] u'hfg lgjf{x u
h: ] tf k]6kfnf] . u'hflg' s) lqm) [u'hf\ O g'] u'hfg]{ sfd ulg' ;do latfOg' . u'hLu
[af) af])] 8nfUbf] j:t' jf sf] xfp a'hL sL . u'h'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") u'hs ' \ s
7fpFdf nhfP jf slr|P a:g] lsl;dn] . u'hd ' h ' ' lqm) lj) [u'hd'h] d'hf kg]{ jf v'l
Drg] rfnl;t . u'h'N6fu'h'N6L gf) [u'h'N6f] u'h'N6L] ;fgf7"nf u'hN ' 6fxsf] ;d"x . u'
h'lN6g' c) lqm) [u'h'N6f] O g'] Ps} 7fpFdf ;d]l6P u'hd ' H ' h kg'{ u'hN ' 6f] kg'{ . u
'h'N6L gf) [u'hN ' 6f] O{] ;fgf] u'h'N6f] . u'h'N6f] gf) != 8f]L, wfuf], skfn cflbsf]
u'hd'lhPsf] u'Nyf] . @= Ps xftn] af]Sg ;lsg] 3fF;, kfn cflbsf] u'hd'lhPsf] d'7f]
. > u'hN ' 6fO gf) u'hN ' 6f] kg]{ jf u'hl' N6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'hN ' 6f
Og' s) lqm) d'7f] kflg' u'h'N6fpg] ulg' . u'hN ' 6fpg' ;) lqm) u'h'N6f] kfg'{ u'hl'
nfpg' .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u'l7of/u'0f cflb j:t'n] rf}lt a]g]{ rfndf . u'l7of gf) [u'7L Oof] != u'7Lsf] ;b:osf
sf], u'7Ll;t ;DalGwt jf u'7Lleqsf] JolQm @= kljf vns . u'l7n lj) [lx) u'n] !=uf]Ko kd
x]sf] n's]sf] l5k]sf] u'Kt . gf) @= wgsf] ufF7 ;DklQsf] kf]sf] . u'7L gf) [;+) uf]i7
] != wfld{s jf kf]ksfL sfo{;~rfngsf nflu 5'fOPsf], To;}af6 cfpg] cfo:tfn] b]jlkt[sf]
"hfcfhf cflb rnfOg] hUuf, 3, ;DklQ cflbsf] ]vb]v ug]{ ;fdflhs ;+:yf . @= u'7Ln] df
q k|of]u ug{ ;Sg] jf u'7Lsf gfddf x]sf 3, hUuf, >L;DklQ cflb . ~ ufgf gf) u'7Lxsf] ;
d'bfo u'7L u'7L;DaGwL cGo sf . ~ wg gf) u'7Lsf kdf x]sf] tyf u'7Laf6 ulg] sfdsf lg
r{ ulg] gub jf lhG;L u'7LcGtu{tsf] 3, hUuf, kf6Lkf}jf cflb ;DklQ b]j:j . ~ ;+:yfg gf)
;sfL u'7Lsf] kdf :yfkgf ePsf b]zsf ljleGg :yfgdf x]sf, b]jn, kf6Lkf}jf, k'n, ;fF3',
hUufhldg cflbsf] x]rfx To;af6 cfPsf] cfDbfgLn] ltg} j:t'sf] ;+If0f, b}lgs k"hf, l;
wf cflb sfo{x cGo hL0ff]{4f, lgdf{0f cflb sfo{;~rfngsf lglDt :yflkt ;+:yfg . u'7'lg'
c) lqm) [u'7'f] O g'] u'7 ' f] kg'{ Pp6} kf]sf] x'g' . u'7/ ' L gf)x]) u'7'/f] . u'7 '
gf) [lx) u7L] != dfn;fdfgsf] ;fgf] kf]sf] s6'f] u'7'/L . @= wgsf] kf]sf] . lj) #= u7f
UofFr] . u'7 ' ofO gf) [ u'7l' (ofO)] u'7l' g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'7 ' o
' s) lqm) u'7 ' f] kflg' . u'7 ' ofpg' k|) ] lqm) != u'7'f] kfg'{ sd'ofpg' . @= u
' . u'7 ] gf) [u'7LP] cfnf]kfnf];Fu ldn] sfd ulg] ;
\u7g eff]kd{ . u'8 \ g' c) lqm)
'8 \ g'] af6'nf], uf]nf] jf rSsf cfsfsf] j:t' e'OFdf bu'b}{ hfg' u'l8g' . u'8 gf) [;
+)] pv'sf] ; ksfO{ agfOPsf] u'lnof] kbfy{ ;v . u'8u'Rr] gf) [u'8 \ u'Rrf] != u'8\g] l
qmof u'8] hfg] sfd . @= To:tf] v]n . u'8u'8 lqm) lj) [c) d") u'8 \ c(l))] != 8Nnf] jf
af6'nf] j:t' u'8\bf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= jfo'ljsfn] k]6 sfpg] rfndf . gf) #=
kfgL e]sf] x'Ssfdf tdfv' vfFbf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;d . > u'8u'8fO gf) u'8u'8fpg] lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . u'8u'8fOg' lqm) af6'nf] j:t' u'8g \ ] uL n8fOg' u'8fOg' . u'8u'8fpg'
;) lqm) != af6'nf] j:t' u'8\g] uL k7fpg' u'8fpg' . @= k]6 sfpg' k]6df u'8u'8 cfjfh c
fpg' . #= x'Ssf u'8u'8 ug]{ uL tdfv' vfg' . u'8u'8fx6 gf) u'8u'8fpg] lqmof jf cj:y
f u'8u'8fO . u'8u'8 ] !=
324

;]tf] gfy|L v}f] sfnf] sf] af]qmf] ePsf] u]8f kmNg] df;L{ hftsf] wfg . @=u'8u'8 cfj
fh cfpg] s;s6 jf lkQn cflbsf] 9nf}6] x'Ssf . lj) #= u'8u'8 cfjfh lgsfNg] . u'8kfs
gf) [;+)] u'8sf] rf:gL agfP gljn cflb ld;fO{ tof ulPsf] kf}li6s kbfy{ u'bkfs . u'8fO
gf) [ u'8\ (cfO)] u'8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'8fOg' s) lqm) af6'nf] uf]nf] j:
t' u'8fOg' u'8fpg] sfd ulg' . u'8fpg' k|) ] lqm) af6'nf] j:t' n8fpg' 3r]6g \ ' u'of{p
' . u'8fs]z gf) [;+)] != lgb|fnfO{ lhTg] JolQm lgb|fljhoL . @= lzj dxfb]j . #= ch'{
g . u'l8g' c) lqm) [u'8\Og'] u'8\g] sfd xf]Og' u'l{g' . u'83 ' ' gf) [u'83f]6s >
]8fem}F bf}8 ] v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . u'8 ' fu'8 ' ] gf) aux'Fbf] kmNg], 8Nnf]
}f] df;L{ hftsf] wfg . u'8\sg' c) lqm) [u'8\ s g'] rSsfh:tf] jf 8Nnf] j:t' u'8g \ ' u'8
\ } hfg' lxF8g \ ' . > u'8s \ fO gf) u'8s \ g] jf u'8s \ fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
u'8\sfOg' s) lqm) u'8\sg nfOg' jf lxF8fOg' . u'8\sfpg' k|]) lqm) u'8\sg] kfg'{ u'8\
b} hfg] t'Nofpg' . u' lqm) lj) [c) d") u'8\ 8] rSsf jf kf\uf | ePsf] sg} j:t' u'8\g] r
fndf u'{ . u'L gf) [;+) u'08 <] != grflxFbf] ljifodf b]vfOg] wfs Joy{sf] ukm jf k'mtL
{ . ~ xfSg' 6') wfs 5f]8\g' grflxFbf] k'mtL{ nfpg' . u'0f gf) [;+)] != sg} klg j:t'nf
O{ c ;hftLo j:t'af6 5'fpg jf cnUofpg ;xfos x'g] lghL :jefj, ljz]iftf jf wd{ . @= sg}
dflg;df xsf] c;n :jefj ;b\u'0f . #= Ps csf{nfO{ k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] tj jf k|z; + gLo l
jifo . $= sg} j:t'sf] lgdf{0f, sfd, ljBf, Jojxf cflbsf] ;Lk lgk'0ftf . %= j:t'af6 k
|fKt x'g] kmfObf jf nfe pkof]lutf . ^= a|Xdf08sf k|fs[lts wd{ jf j[lQ (;Tj, h, td)
. &= of]uzf:qsf cg';f :jefjdf b]lvg] zd, bd ltltIff tLg u'0f . *= pko'Q { m j[lQ
jf u'0fsf cfwfdf tLg ;
\Vofsf] ;"rs zAb . (= k"jL{o sfJozf:qsf cg';f ;nfO{ pTsif{ k|
bfg ug]{ Zn]if, ;dflw, cf}bfo{, dfw'o,{ cf]h, k|;fb, cy{JolQm, sflGt, ;'sdftf ;dtf
gfds tj . !)= Jofs0fdf :j;lGwsf c, p, cf] tLgj6f cIf . !!= Ps c
\snfO{ csf]{ c
\sn] u'0
g ug]{ sfd u'0ff . !@= wg'sf] tfFbf] jf 8f]L . !#= wfuf] 8f]L ;"t . !$= jf:t' jf d"lt
{snfdf tLg OGrafasf] gfkf] tLg cdn . s gf) != sg} c
\snfO{ u'0fg ug]{ c
\s u'Gg] c
'0fg ug]{ dflg; u'Gg]jfnf .

325

u'0fgu'TYofO k|l;4 slj . u'0ffltzo gf) [;+)] ;flxTozf:qcg';f gf6ssf u'0fsf] c;fwf0f
pTsif{ ufpg] Ps nIf0f . u'0fftLt lj) [;+)] != k|fs[lts u'0fxb]lv d'St x]sf] lgu'{0f l
lj{sf . gf) @= kd]Zj . u'0ffTds lj) [;+)] u'0fnfO{ dxj lbOPsf] u'0f a];L ePsf] u'0f
pg] . tf gf) u'0ffTds x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . ~ d"Nof
\sg gf) u'0f :t lgwf{0f ug{sf
Dt ulg] d"Nof
\sg j:t'sf] ;
\VofTds j:t'ut kIfnfO{ 5f8L cfGtls d"No lgwf{lt ug]{ lqmo
f Joj:yf . u'0ffg'jfb gf) [;+)] u'0f jf rlqsf] avfg s;}df ePsf fd|f u'0fsf] k|z+;f u'
0fufg k|z+;f . u'0fflGjt lj) [;+)] c;n u'0fn] o'Qm u'0fjfg\ . u'0fL lj) [;+)] != u'0
f ePsf] u'0fo'Qm u'0fjfg\ . gf) @= bf]vlkrf; nfUbf emfk'ms ug]{ JolQm wfdL jf emfFqm
L . u'0fLe"t lj) [;+)] d'Vo cy{ gePsf] uf}0f ag]sf] ck|wfg . ~ Jo
\Uo gf) sfJodf d"n k
f clewf cy{ uf}0f kdf Jo~hgf cy{ ePsf] ck|wfg Jo
\Uo dWod:tsf] sfJo . u'0f]Zj gf) [;
;j, h td tLg} u'0fsf k|efjnfO{ lhTg] JolQm kd]Zj O{Zj . u'07g gf) [;+)] != j:q c
fs5f]k ug]{ sfd . @= k5f}f km]6f . #= 9sgf lasf]{ . u'l07t lj) [;+)] != 9flsPsf] jf 5
f]lkPsf] . @= 3]lPsf] aflPsf] . u't\g' ;) lqm) [;+) u'07g g'] kuL, km]6f, k5f}f cfl
lzdf jf 3fF6Ldf klxg' unaGbL, dkmn cflb afFWg' a]g'{ u'Yg' . > u'tfO gf) u'Tg] lqmof
k|lqmof . u'tfOg' s) lqm) u'tfpg] sfd ulg' . u'tfpg' k|]) lqm) u'Tg] kfg'{ u'Tg nfp
g' . u'tf\g' ;) lqm) [;+) u'Ktfxf] vfg lgif]w ulPsf] jf l;Q}Fdf kfPsf] j:t' k]6nfUbf]
vfg' a];L vfg' . > u'tffO gf) u'tfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'tflg' s) lqm) u'tfg]{ sfd
ulg' . u'ltg' s) lqm) [u't\ O g'] u'Tg] sfd ulg' u'lyg' . u'Ty gf) [c) d") u't\ y] l;
x'g] jf 7'l:;g] lsl;d . > u'lTyg' c) lqm) != u'Ty kg'{ w'Dd x'g' 7'l:;g' . @= bn a
fFw] Ps u7 x'g' cfk"mcfk"m Ps eP a:g' . u'TyL gf) [u'Tyf] O] dxjk"0f{ x:odo sf] t
f] sf] ufF7L sf] . u'Tyf] gf) [k|f)] != k"mnsf] 7"nf] e'mKkf] . @= df]tL, kf]t] cflbs
w]} n'sf] ;d"x . u'TYofO gf) [ u'lTy (ofO)] u'lTyg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .

syg gf) != s;}sf u'0faf] ulg] k|z+;f u'0fufg u'0ffg'j0f{g . @= sfJodf ljof]u f[
u \ f
'g] gfossf b; bzfdWo]sf] Ps . ~ sfdb]j gf) sf7df8f}F ;x a;fNg] :joDe"sf] :t"k agfp
g] egL j+zfjnLdf rlr{t g]kfnsf lnR5ljsfnLg k|frLg fhf . sfssfL lj) sg} g sg} k|sf
f ePsf] jf kmfObf ug]{ nfebfos . ~ sLt{g gf) != u'0f ozsf] k|z+;f ulg] gf6ssf] Pp6f
nIf0f . @= u'0fsf] avfg u'0ffg'j0f{g . ufg gf) s;}sf] u'0f, :jefj cflb ljifonfO{{
lnO{ ulg] k|z+;f a9fO{r9fO{ 'f ulg] u'0fsf] avfg . ~ u|x0f gf) != csf{df x]sf] ;b\u0
jf fd|f sfsf] l;sf] . @= cn] u]sf] u'0f ;Demg] sfd s[t1tf:jLsf . ~ u|fxL lj) u'0fs
u'0fLsf] sb ug]{ u'0f ;Demg] . 1 lj) c;n sf jf u'0fsf] dd{ a'g] u'0f hfGg] u'0fs
]{ . qo gf) k|fs[lts k|dv ' tLg u'0f (;j, h, td) . ~ wd{wld{tf gf) sg} kbfy{df kfOg
jz]iftf jf :jefj j:t'ut ljz]iftf . u'0fg gf) [;+)] Ps c
\sn] csf]{ c
\snfO{ u'Gg] sfd u
'0ff . kmn gf) Ps c
\sn] csf]{ c
\snfO{ u'0fg ubf{ lg:sg] kl0ffd u'0ff u] lgsflnPsf]
] cfPsf] ;
\Vof . u'0flglw lj) [;+)] w]} pQd u'0f ePsf] w]} u'0f x'g] u'0fxsf] vfgL
g\ u'0fL . u'0fjfrs lj) [;+)] != u'0f jf ljz]iftfsf] af]w ufpg] . gf) @= Jofs0fcg';f
gfd, ;j{gfdsf] u'0f, ljz]iftf, :jefj cflbsf] af]w ufpg] ljz]if0f zAb (fd|f], af7f]
, dL7f], pHofnf], ftf], sfnf] O)) . u'0fjfg\ lj) [;+)] ljleGg u'0fn] o'Qm u'0f ePsf
] u'0fL . u'0f;fu lj) [;+)] ljlzi6 u'0f ePsf] 7"nf] u'0fL . u'0f:t gf) [;+)] sg} j:t
f kbfy{df x]sf] u'0fsf] dfqf To:tf] u'0fsf] d"Nof
\sg uL lgwf{0f ulg] :t . u'0fxLg l
+)] sg} u'0f jf ljz]iftf gePsf] u'0flxt lgu'{0fL . u'0ff lj) [;+) u'0fg] != sg} csf]{
;
\VofnfO{ sg} ;
\Vofn] u'lgPsf] u'0fg ulPsf] (bf]a, t]j jf b'gf, ltgf O)) . gf) @= ul
df sg} Ps ;
\Vofn] sg} csf]{ ;
\VofnfO{ u'Gg] lqmof jf ljlw u'0fg . u'0ffs lj) [;+)] w
'0f ePsf] u'0fxsf] vfgL ePsf] u'0flglw . u'0ff
\s gf) [;+)] != ul0ftdf u'0ff ulg] ;
\V
. @= lnR5ljsfnsf u'0f kb ePsf sg} fhfsf kfnfsf] u'0f zAbc\lst l;Ssf . u'0ff9 lj)
w]} c;n u'0f ePsf] ;b\u'0fL . gf) @= k}zfrL k|fs[tdf a sxf (a[xt\ syf) gfds u|Gy n]Vg
]
~

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u'y\g'u'G8f] s) lqm) u'lTyg] t'NofOg' u'Ty kflg' . u'TYofpg' k|) ] lqm) u'lTyg] t'Nof
pg' u'Ty kfg'{ . u'TYofx6 gf) u'lTyg] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof u'TYofO . u'y \ g
' ;) lqm) [;+) u|Gyg g'] dfnf, kf]t], tf]0f cflb pGg' jf ufF:g' . > u'yfO gf) u'Yg] l
qmof jf k|lqmof . u'yfOg' s) lqm) u'Yg nfOg' . u'yfpg' k|]) lqm) dfnf cflb u'Yg nf
pg' u'Yg] kfg'{ . u'lyg' s) lqm) u'Yg] sfd ulg' kuL, km]6f cflb klxlg' . u'b gf) [;+
lb;f ug]{ c\u rfs u'bf . f gf) k|f0fLxn] vfPsf] cGg, kmn cflb kfs:ynLdf k'u ] dn
fsf kdf zLaf6 aflx lg:sg] Kjfn rfssf] Kjfn dnf u'bf . u'bkfs gf) rf:gL, gl/jn cfl
agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] ld7fO{ u'8kfs . u'bf gf) [;+)] u'b rfs . f/ u'bf/ . u'lbnf] l
L Onf]] u'bL ePsf] ;fjfg\ . u'bL gf) [;+) u"9] != kmnk"mn cflbsf] af]qmfeGbf leq x]sf]
pkof]uL gd kbfy{ . @= leqL efudf x]sf] ;f tj . #= leqsf] bx|f] zlQm jf vFlbnf]kg ljz
]iftf v'kL . $= ;DklQ wg . u'bu ' b ' ' lqm) lj) [c) d") u'b \ p(l))] l7Ss cfufsf] fk
f kfSt} u]sf] bfn, eft cflb xNsf rfnn] pDng] jf kfSg] uL . u'bf] gf) [u'bL cf]] != u'
bL . @= u'Kt wg jf ;DklQ . #= ;FuflnPsf] sf] jf ;DklQ . u'g \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) u'0fg g'
] != Ps c\sn] csf]{ c\snfO{ u'0ff ug'{ . @= sg} ljifodf uDeL kn] ;f]Rg' uf} ug'{ lj
{ . u'g gf) [;+) u'0f] != j:t' jf k|f0fLsf] c;n :jefj jf ljz]iftf u'0f . @= pksf enf
O lxt . ljk) a}u'g . u'gs];L gf) n;'gsf] h:t} kft kf]6L x'g], kx]Fnf] sf] s]; x'g]
f k"mn k'mNg] af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn . u'gu'g lqm) lj) [c) d") u'g\ c(l))] csf{n] g;'G
g] jf :ki6;Fu ga'g] uL PSn} jf s;};Fu la:tf} af]Ng] cyjf uLt ufpg] uL u'gu'gfpg] rfnd
f . > u'gu'gfO gf) u'gu'g ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'gu'gfOg' c) lqm) u'gu'g ulg' .
u'gu'gfpg' c) lqm) :ki6;Fu ;'Gg g;Sg] uL af]Ng' jf ufpg' . u'gu'gfx6 gf) u'gu'gfpg]
rfn jf sfd . u'gf! gf) [ u'0ff] != kN6 v]k tfn . @= :tgkfoL ju{df kg],{ nfdf] k'R5 e
Psf], jfghfltsf] Ps k|sf nfdk'R5] afFb . lj) #= x]) u'0ff . u'gf@ gf) k]r sfl6Psf]
[ > ] u'TYofOg'
326

u'gfO gf) [ u'g\ (cfO)] u'Gg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'gfOg' s) lqm) u'Gg nfO
g' . u'gfpg' k|]) lqm) u'Gg nfpg' . u'gf;f] gf) [c) d") u'gu'gcf;f]] != cfTdLo hg;F
u k|s6 ulg] dgsf] kLdsf{ jf b'v];f] . @= zf]sk|s6 k5'tf] . u'gfx [kmf)] != bf]if s;'
. @= kfk . uf lj) != ckfwL s;'bf cleo'Qm . @= kfkL . u'lgp gf) u'Go" . ~ rf]nf]
f]nf] . u'lgg' s) lqm) [u'g \ Og'] ljrf ulg' ;f]lrg' . u'lgof gf) x]) u'Go" . ~ rf]n
f) u'Go"rf]nf] . u'lgnf] lj) [u'gOnf]] != csf{n] u]sf] u'0fnfO{ gla;{g] u'0fsf] sb ug
]{ s[t1 . @= u'0fjfg\ u'gL . u'gL! gf) sfnf] cg'xf x'g] k'R5 nfdf] x'g], zLsf]

f] ldl;P v}f]v}f] b]lvg] Ps hftsf] jfg kx] afFb . u'gL@ gf) [u'gO{] u'0f ePsf] s[
u'g'u'g' lqm) lj) [c) d") u'g\p(l))] :ki6;Fu g;'lgg] uL la:tf} sf ug]{ jf ufpg] lsl
] cem r8\sf u'gu'g x'g] rfndf . u'g ] ufg' gf) x]) u'Gbufg' . u'GhfO; gf) [kmf) u'Ghf
Oz] x'g], xg], flvg] jf c6fpg] 7fpF cjsfz . u'G6f gf) [u'G6f]sf] lt) )] x]) u'G6f] .
u'G6L gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} u'G6f kf]sf]kGtf] sDnf]s6'f] . > u'l ' G6g' c) lqm) != u'G
O{ a]lg' Ps} kf]sf] k] a]lg' . @= UofFr] x'g' k'8\sf] x'g' . #= c;kmn jf km]n x'g' .
= vtd x'g' 3';d'lG6g' . u'G6] lj) [u'G6f] P] != u'G6fsf 5fF6sf] UofFr] k'8\sf] . @= u'
G6]df;L{ . ~ df;L{ gf) v}f, af6'nf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] wfg To;}sf] rfdn u'G6] . u'G
6f] gf) [k|f) u'G7f]] cf]9\g]la5fpg] cflb a]] 8f]Ln] s;]sf] 7"nf] kf]sf] To:tf n'ufkm
6fsf] u'7'f] (a]l8) . u'G6fO gf) [ u'lG6 (ofO)] u'lG6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'G6
g' s) lqm) u'G6fpg] sfd ulg' . u'G6fpg' ;) lqm) u'G6f agfpg' u'G6fh:tf] kfg'{ . u'G7'
gg' c) lqm) != ufF7fufF7f kf] a6flg' jf ;fx|f] x'g' k'Ssk'Ss kL dl;gf 8Nnf lg:sg' .
UofFr] x'g' 8lNng' jf k'8\lsg' . u'G8f gf) [u'G8f]sf] lt) )] x]) u'G8f] . luL gf) bn
jf u7 agfO{ ;Lwf;fwf JolQmxnfO{ 9fF6\g], 5Ng], n'6\g], lk6\g] cflb sfd abdf;L rfn
. u'G8f] lj) [;+) u'08s <] != 7fF6afF6 jfkm b]vfpg] tyf abdf; :jefj klg ePsf] . @=
;lh;hfp ePsf] 7fFl6nf] .

327

u'Gbufg'u'ef] u'Ktrsf] sfd jf efj . @= u'Ktrsf] sfddf lgo'St :qL cfOdfO{ hf;'; . ~ bf
g gf) sg} k|rf guL uf]Ko kdf lbOg] bfg bfg lbg] JolQmafx]s c s;}n] olt o:tf] j:t'
eGg] yfxf kfpg g;lsg] bfg . ~ wg gf) s;}nfO{ klg hfgsfL glbO{ uf]Ko kdf flvPsf] ;Dk
lQ uf8wg . ~ lnlk gf) != u'KtsfnLg lnlk . @= ;j{;fwf0fn] a'g g;Sg] uL ljz]if ;\s]tsf
fwfdf lnlvt lnlk j"m6lnlk . ~ j]z gf) sg} vf; k|of]hgsf lglDt cfgf] k jf klxrfg l5kfO
cn] cfk"mnfO{ lrGg g;Sg] kfg{sf lglDt ljz]if j]ze"iff jf klxg k|of]u ulPsf] l:ylt T
o:tf] klxg jf kljGof; 5j]z . u'lKt gf) [;+)] != n'sfpg], l5kfpg] jf uf]Ko fVg] sfd s
] klg b]Vg yfxf kfpg g;Sg] uL uf]Ko flvPsf] l:ylt jf Joj:yf uf]kg . @= Iff ;+If0f .
KtL lj) [u'lKt] != 9flsPsf] u'Kt u'Xo leqL (u'KtL sf] u'KtL k};f] O)) . gf) @= leqlt
f lslr n'sfO{ fVg] uL agfOPsf] nL . #= u'Ktr . $= txvfgf tfOvfgf e"u[x . ~ j'mf] g
kfpg gx'g] jf yfxf kfpg g;lsg] sf] x:odo sf] uf]Ko ljifo jf ;Gbe{ . ~ sf]7f] gf) s
] yfxf kfpnfg\ egL uf]Ko jf PsfGt x]sf] sf]7f] leqL sf]7f] eF8f . ~ k'ln; gf) ljleGg
sfsf] e]b jf ckfw tyf e|i6frf cflbsf] j:t'tYo uf]Ko kdf kQf nufpg] sfddf lgo'Qm k|xL
ljz]if dfldnfsf] u'Kt 5fglag ug]{ k|xL . dff lj) yfxf g} glbO{ leqleq} csf{sf] hf]
sf6\g] (JolQm) csf{sf] gx'Fbf] ug]{ sk6L . u'kmf gf) [;+) u'xf] != kxf], 9'U \ ofg cf
lb hldgdf ag]sf] ;'? cf]8f . @= Clif, d'lg jf hf]uL;GGof;L a:g] s6L . #= af3efn' cflb
f] cf]8f . u'Aaff gf) [c) u'af] xfjf e] p8fOg], xNsf kftnf], \uLr\uL asf] y}nf
h' gf) [g]jf)] != g]kfnsf] af}4 ;Dk|bfodf kg]{ g]jfsf] Ps ju{ jf hft af}4 wd{ dfGg]
g]jfsf] u'? jf k'f]lxt . @= lafdLxnfO{ emfk'ms cflb ug]{, ;f]xL ju{sf] tflGqs JolQm
. u'efh" gf) x]) u'efh' . u'e ] lj) [u'ef] P] != u'ef] ePsf] . @= u'ef]h:t} sdnf] jf
slnnf] . ~ 8f]L gf) kf]of] nfP af6]sf] 8f]LnfO{ g} km]l hDdf tLg kf]of] x'g] uL af6]
f] 8f]L kf]ofsf] lx;fan] gf} kf]of x'g] 8f]L . ~ kft gf) sg} af]6la?jfsf] u'ef]sf] kf
t ue]{ kft . u'ef] lj) [;+) ue{] != ss{nf], ds}, wfg, s]f cflb af]6 la?jfsf] leqklsf]
sdnf] efu u'bL efu uef{s \ 6';f] .

#= nfhl3g kr]sf] jf :jf:gLdflg;;Fu nxl;g vf]Hg] G8Lafh . > u'G8fO gf) u'G8f] x'gfsf]
qmof jf 9fFrf . u'Gbufg' gf) [;+) u'8r ' LsGb] af6'nf kft x'g,] kx]n F f ;;fgf k"m
n k'mNg], ftf dl;gf af6'nf kmn nfUg], hfdf kmNg] tyf ljifgfzs ;lGgkft Hj gfz ug]{ u
'0f ePsf] Eofsh:tf] sGb . u'Gb|L gf) [u'FbL] kfn, kf6 jf aflaofsf 8f]Lxsf] tfg nufO{
Fb, kfn cflbaf6 a'g]sf] ;'snh:tf] cf]5fpg] . u'Gb|s ' gf) ;fukft cflb e'F8\sfe'F8\s
Ldf vfFbL cldNofP ;'sfOPsf], ltx'g jf l;tg agfP vfOg] j:t' . > u'Gb|'s] lj) != u'Gb
|'s;Fu ;DalGwt u'Gb|'sh:t} . @= u'Gb|'s vfP hLjglgjf{x ug'k { g]{ (dflg;) . #= lgDg
:tsf] 2L . u'Gb| ' u \ u'Gb' | \ lqm) lj) [c) d") u'Gb| '
\ u] sg} k|f0fL
Nbf jf v:bfsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . u'Gg lqm) lj) [c) d") ug\ g] != df}L, edf cflb e'ge'gf
Psf] :j cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= w]} hgfn] Ps} ;fy la:tf} sf ubf{ cfjfh cfpg] rfndf . u'Go'
gf) != cfOdfO{n] sDdeGbf d'lg nfpg] ;fgf] kmlof . @= k]6Lsf]6h:tf] b'O{ 5]p ufF;] O
Fhf xfnL nfOg] ;fgf] vfnsf] kmlof . #= ;fwf0f vfnsf] jf h8fpL kmlof . ~ rf]nf] gf) !=
u'Go" rf]nf] . @= kDkfcg';f sGGof kfFr jif{sL x'Fbf ljlwk"j{s lbOg] wf]tL rf]nf] .
(pbf) e}lngL cfOg\ cfFug, u'Go"rf]nf] dfug (nf]suLt) . u'Go" gf) x]) u'Go' . u'kr'k
gf) [;+) u'Kt r'k] !=aflx k|s6 gx'g] uL leqleq} s'g} sfdsf] bafpg] rfn jf l:ylt 9fs5f
'krfk . @= v'jf d}bf ld;fP 8Nnf] kfL l3pdf ksfP lrgLsf] rf:gLdf 8'afOPsf], leq vf]q
mf] ePsf] u'nfkmhfd'gsf lsl;dsf] ld7fO{ . u'Kt lj) [;+)] != aflx k|s6 jf JoQm gePs
f] leqleq} l5k] x]sf] n's]sf] leqL gb]lvg] cb[Zo . @= ;'lIft ulPsf] hf]ufOPsf] (u
'Kt k|d ] L O)) . #= d'l:snn] hflgg] u"9 . gf) $= dWosfnLg eftsf] duw fHosf] Ps gfd
'b fhj+z (u'Ktj+z) Ps k|sfsf] y . r gf) uf]Ko tlsfn] ;lqmo eO{ sg} sfsf] e]b kQ
ddf vl6Psf] JolQm uf]Ko kdf :jb]zleq jf aflxsf ljleGg sfdsf, JolQm, ;+:yf cflbsf] e]b
, x:o jf ljz]if hfgsfL k|fKt ug{ v6fOPsf] JolQm u'Kt b"t hf;'; e]lbof u'KtL k|xL jf
n; (;L=cfO{=8L) . r ljefu gf) ;sfsf tkm{af6 u'Ktr;DaGwL sfo{sf] klrfng ug]{ lhDd]jf
lDkPsf] k|zf;lgs lgsfo u'Ktrxdfkm{t sg} vf; ckfw, e|i6frf jf dfldnfsf] 5fglag ug]{ c
;';sf] sfd ug]{ ;sfL cf . rL gf) !=

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u'd \ g'u'lNnf @= ljz]if 9fFrfn] af6]sf] 8f]Lleqsf] kf]of] jf 8f]L . u'd \ g' c) lqm
kmf) u'd g'] != df}sf cfP klg sg} j:t' cfk"mn] gkfpg] x'g' xfpg' . @= ;do laTg' a]nf g
' . #= lx:; kg'{ e'l:;g' . u'd gf) [kmf)] != a]kQf ufoa cnk . lj) @= l5k]sf] n'Kt . u
'dh gf) [kmf) u'Dab] ofn, 9f]sf, 5fgf], k'n cflbdf agfOPsf] cw{j[Qfsf afGsL lav'd u'd
f]h . u'd6L gf) [kmf) u'Dab] != l;F9Ldfly ag]sf] 5t . @= ]nj] nfOgsf] lsgfdf agfOPs
f] vnf;L a:g] uf]nfsf sf]7f] . #= ;8ssf lsgfdf jf rf]sdf ;fgf]ltgf] k;n x]sf] sf7sf
] 3 . u'dgfd lj) [u'd gfd] k|sfzdf cfpg glbg] p2]Zon] s;}sf] gfd gn]lvPsf] a]gfdL (lr
7L, n]v, sljtf O)) . u'dkftL gf) [u'd kftL] eLd;]gkftLh:t} k'm;|f nfDrf kft x'g] t a
f:gf gcfpg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt . u'dSof{O gf) [ u'DSof{p(cfO)] u'dSof{pg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'dSof{Og' s) lqm) c6fO{gc6fO{ kGhf jf cFufnfn] lemlsg' . u'dS
of{pg' ;) lqm) != xftsf kGhfn] jf cFufnfn] c6fpGh]n sg} rLh lemSg' . @= d'v uf8] ;s
];Dd vfg' . #= cFufnf] df] ;s];Dd RofKg' cF7\ofpg' . u'd:tf gf) [kmf) u'dfZt] !=uf]K
o kdf ulg] sfdsf] ;;Nnfx dtf] jf sfsfgL cfGtls of]hgf . @= JofkfL jf pBf]ukltn] s
]ifdf tna jf cfo:tfsf] lx:;f lbP lgo'St u]sf] JolQm Ph]G6 . u'dfO gf) [ u'd( \ cfO)]
'dfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'dfOg' s) lqm) u'dfpg] sfd ulg' . u'dfpg' ;)
lqm) != kfO;s]sf] jf kfpg'kg]{ sg} j:t' c;fjwfgL cflbsf sf0fn] gkfpg' xfpg' r'Sg' . k
|]) lqm) @= u'Dg] kfg'{ . u'dfg gf) [kmf)] != cfgf] k, ;Lk, ;DklQ cflbaf6 x'g] 3dG8
jf cledfg . @= cg'dfg cGbfh . #= sNkgf jf cg'dfgsf edf ulg] ;Gb]x z
\sf . u'ldg' c) l
m) [u'd \ Og'] gkfOg] xf]Og' xfOg' . u'df]h gf)x]) u'dh . u'Dkmg gf) [;+)] != u'Y F g
jf ufF:g] sfd pgfO . @= z[
v \ lnt jf qmda4 ug]{ sfd ldnfpg] sfd . #= ;hfj6 ;lh;hfp
. u'lDkmt lj) [;+)] u'Dkmg ePsf] jf ulPsf] ufFl;Psf] ldnfOPsf] . u'Dah gf) [ u'dh] x]
u'dh . > u'Dahfsf lj) u'dh cfsfsf] b]lvg] (kj{t, 3 cflb) . u'Daf gf) dxfofgL dtsf af
}4 wdf{jnDaL nfdfxsf]
328

b]jdlGb nfdfxsf] b]jfno Wofg jf pkf;gf s]Gb| . u'Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") u'd \ d] != 3dG8
jf l;n] k'mn] gaf]nL a:g] uL uhSs . @= xfjf aGb eO{ u'D;g] lsl;dn] . u'D;bf] lj) [u'D
f]] u'lD;xg] u'lD;Fbf] . u'D;g' c) lqm) [u'D; g'] xfjf aGb x'g' aflkmg' u'lD;g' . > u
fO gf) u'D;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'D;fOg' s) lqm) u'D;g] kflg' akmfOg' . u'D;fp
g' k|) ] lqm) u'D;g nfpg' u'D:ofpg' . u'lD;bf] lj) u'lD;g] vfnsf] u'lD;xg] . u'lD;g'
lqm) [u'D; O g'] xfjfsf] cfjthfjt aGb eO{ jf xfjf v]Ng gkfpg] uL y'lgg' 9fs5f]k eP tftf
] x'g' afkm, udL{ cflbn] pl;lgg' aflkmg' u'D;g' . > u'D;fObf] lj) u'lD;g] lsl;dsf] u'
:ofOnf] . u'D:ofO gf) u'lD;g] sfd jf k|lqmof . u'D:ofOg' s) lqm) u'lD;g] kflg' aofOg'
. u'D:ofOnf] lj) u'lD;g] vfnsf] u'lD;Psf] akmfOFbf] aflkmPsf] . u'D:ofpg' k|) ] lqm)
u'lD;g] kfg'{ u'lD;g nfpg' . u'D:ofx6 gf) u'lD;g] lqmof jf cj:yf u'D:ofpg] rfn u'D:
ofO . u'u' lqm) lj) [c) d") u'\c(l))] != w]} dfG5] jf j:t'sf lxF8fOsf] cfjfh cfpg] l
dn] . @= cfuf] bGsg] uL x'x' . > u'u'tL lqm) lj) cem a];L u'u' x'g] uL . u'u'fO
mof jf k|lqmof . u'u'fOg' c)lqm) u'u' cfjfh lgsflng' . u'u'fpg' c) lqm) != u'u' z
' cfjfh lgsfNg' . @= l;n] uh{g' . u'u'L lqm) lj) u'u'tL . u'f; gf) [;+) uf}] !=
lkm6eGbf dfly b; xhf lkm6eGbf tnsf] prfOsf kxf8df kfOg], nfDrf, v;|f df]6f kft x'
g], w]}h;f] ftf] st} ;]tf] klg k"mn k'mNg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] k"mn . @= ftf]
df k'mN
]rflxF g]kfnsf] fli6o k"mn (nfnLu'fF;) . #= bfn vfOg] d:of
h:tf] PsyL cGg . y'u
'fF;sf y'Fufh:tf] emkSs k]sf] jf eefpFbf] . > u'f; ] lj) != u'fF;h:tf] ftf] u'f
l;Fuflg'kg]{ gSsn] lemNs] . :qL) u'fF;L . u'fp gf) [;+) u'?] != dGqann] af3, efn' cfl
sf] k lng ;Sg] egL ljZjf; ulPsf] JolQm . @= yf;dfhdf wd{sd{ jf tGqdGqsf] sfd ug]{ J
olQm yfxsf] tflGqs ;Dk|bfo . u'lof gf) [lx) u'l8of] sf7, sfFr, Knfl:6s cflbsf 6'qmfnf
O{ dfemdf Kjfn kfL wfuf]df pg] lrl6Ss kfL agfOg] uxgf (uxgfl;t hf]l8P k|o'Qm x'g] .)
. u'lNnf gf) [c
\)] != clk|msfsf] h
\undf xg] Ps yL jgdfG5] w]}h;f] dflg;sf cfsfl;t
7"nf] hftsf] afFb uf]lNnf . @= u'lNnfh:t} ;wfOPsf n8fj"m n8fj"m

329

u'?u's{g' ;Dk"0f{ ef s]lGb|t x'g] laGb' dWolaGb' . > u'?Tjfsif{0f gf) sg} lk08n] csf]
lk08nfO{ cfk"mlt lvRg] cyjf ;f] lk08 cfkm}+ csf]{ lk08tkm{ lvlrg] ef}lts zlQm k[Y
jL cflb u|xdf x]sf] kf:kls cfsif{0fsf] zlQm jf ult . u'? blIf0ff gf) [;+)] lzIffbfg
u] jf k9fPafkt cyjf dGqbLIff lbPafkt u'?nfO{ clk{g] >4fsf] sd u'?e]6L . u'?kfs lj) [
;+)] ;lhn}l;t gkRg] jf gkfSg] . u'?kft gf) [u'? kft] h'Qf l;pFbf 5fnf c8fpg xflng] l
eqL tn'jf . u'?k'io gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f laxLafsf lbg k'io gIfq kg]{ sg} sfof
{Desf lglDt z'e dflgg] of]u jf kj{ . u'? k"hf gf) [;+)] != ljz]if kdf >4fk"js { ulg]
u'?sf] k"hf . @= To:tf] k"hf ulg] dfxfTDo ePsf] u'?k"l0f{dfsf] lbg jf kj{ . u'?
k"l0f{df gf) [;+)] u'?sf] ljz]if kdf k"hf ulg] jf To:tf] k"hfsf] dfxfTDo ePsf] cfif
f9 z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf] lbg Jof;k"l0f{df . u'?aS; sDkgL gf) [;+) u'? c\) aS; sDkgL] Pp6f k'
gf] g]kfnL ;}lgs 6f]nLsf] gfd . u'?afu'?afa' gf) [u'? afafa'] != ljBfbfg ug]{ JolQm u'
? lzIfs cWofks . @= dGqbfg ug]{ cfrfo{ . #= kl08t afh] k'f]lxt afh] . $= ljf]wL sf]
fpg] (Jo\Uodf) . u'? ef6f] gf) [u'? ef6f]] 5fgf 5fpFbf bfFtLsf b'j}ltaf6 Rofk] nufOg]
d'Vo ef6f] Hjfef6f] wdef6f] . u'?e]6L gf) x]) u'?blIf0ff . u'? dGq gf) [;+)] != u'?f
Iffsf kdf u'Ktkn] lbOg] dGq ufoqL dGq . @= sg} vf; sfdsf lglDt of]Uo jf cg'ejL JolQm
af6 kfOg] o'lQm k|]0ff jf dGq0ff . #= vfa sfdsf lglDt pS;fpg] jf xf}:ofpg] ;Nnfx (J
o\Uofy{df) . u'?df gf) [u'? cfdf] != k9fpg] :qL u'?cfdf lzlIfsf cWoflksf . @= u'?kTgL
#= dGqbfg ug]{ :qL . u'?dfkf gf) [g]jf)] g]kfnsf] k|frLg Oltxf;df k|l;4, kmfu'g
z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf flt sf7df8f}Fsf] 6'Fl8v]ndf ef]hg lbOg] ulPsf] Ps afneIfs fIf; . u'
?d'v gf) [;+)] != u'?sf] d'vfljGb . @ u'?sf d'vaf6 dGq ;'Gg] jf bLIff lng] sfd . l
j) #= sg} u'?af6 wfld{s b[li6n] dGq lnOPsf] jf l;lsPsf] . u'?d'vL gf) k~hfaL efiff
sf] lnlk . u'? of]hgf gf) [;+)] sg} lgdf{0fsfo{ jf pBf]u cflbsf] ;~rfngsf nflu tof
ulPsf] d'Vo of]hgf jf sfo{qmd . u'?jfu'?jf; gf) [;+)] a[x:kltjf laxLaf . u's{g' c
'8\s g'] eLkxf cflbaf6 v:g' jf

hflt . ~ o'4 gf) ;;fgf bndf afFl8O{ df}sf 5f]k] b':dgdfly ulg] cfqmd0f u'lNnfn] em}F
ulg] xdnf . u'? gf) [;+)] != sg} klg ljBf jf lzIff k|bfg ug]{ JolQm lzIfs cWofks . ;\
Ltsnf cflb l;sfpg] JolQm p:tfb . #= ufoqL, j]bdGq cflb bLIff lbg] JolQm cfrfo{ . $
= a'l4, an, pd], ljBf cflbdf >]i7 tyf cfb0fLo jf k"Ho JolQm dfGo hg . %= 5Gbzf:qcg'
;f b'O{ dfqf x'g] cIf bL3{ cIf jf ;f] hgfpg] lrXg ( ) . ^= ;\uLtdf Pp6f bL3{ jf b'O6
n3' dfqf x'g] tfnsf] c+z . &= gju|xdWo] Ps a[x:klt . lj) *= tf}n jf ef ePsf] sl7g
(u'?ef, u'?sfo{ O)) . (= ufx|f]l;t kRg] jf kfSg] (u'?kfs) . !)= jhgbf uxlsnf] . !!=
a8]dfsf] dxjk"0f{ 7"nf] . ~ cfdf gf) != u'?kTgL u'?df . @= cWofkg ug]{ dlxnf lzlIfsf
. ~ sfkL gf) != d'b|0fsf lglDt k|];df k7fOPsf] kf08'lnlk 5fKg lbOPsf] d"n k|lt . @
= ;Ssn kq . j'mn gf) != ljBfyL{xnfO{ l;wf cfjf;sf] lgMz'Ns Joj:yf uL k7gkf7g cflb u
pg] cf>d u'?sf] ;]jfz'>i " ff uL ljBfsf] cfh{g tyf cWoog ug'k { g]{ k|frLg k4ltsf]
ljBfs]Gb| @= u'?sf] j+z u'?vns u'?3fgf . ~ u[x gf) != u'?sf] 3 u'?sf] cf>d . @= u'?s
. ~ 306fn gf) != dlGb, b]jfno cflbsf k"hfcfhfdf x'g] ehgsLt{g, ufgahfg cflb g;'Gg]
p2]Zon] cfg} sfgdf 306L e'mG8fP ahfpFb} lxF8\g] egL sxlnPsf Ps u'? . @= cfkm}FnfO{
>]i7 dfGg] cx\sfL JolQm d} x'F eGg] dflg; . #= ;fx|} rnfv jf w"t{ JolQm . ~ 3fgf !=
gf) fhvfgbfgsf u'? vns fhsnsf u'? . @= u'?kDkf . u'? gf) [ef])a)] ljz]if uL g]kfn
rdL kxf8L If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ ltAatad]{nL efiffkljfd"nsf] Ps hflt . ~ dfbn gf) 7"nf
] rSsf, afSnf] vL uh{gbf cfjfh x'g] dfbn . > u'?\l;gLu'?\;g ] L gf) u'?hfltsL :qL
fO{ . u'?hg gf) [;+)] != dfGg'kg]{ afa'cfdf, u'? cflb k"Ho 7"nf JolQmsf] ;d"x cfb0f
Lo jf dfGoju{ . u'?hn gf) [;+)] != nj0ff+zsf] cflwSon] ubf{ uli7 ePsf] ;d'b|sf] kf
gL cf0fljs u'0fo'Qm kfgL (x]eL jf6) . u'?Ho" gf) [u'? Ho"] != u'?sf] cfbsf lgldQ k|of]
u ulg] zAb cfrfo{ . @= fhkljfn] dfg]sf jf fhkljfnfO{ dGqbfg lbg] u'? . u'?tf gf) [
u'? x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt u'? sxnfpg d2t ldNg] u'0f . @= u'?sf] kb jf clwsf u'?Tj .
#= af]em ef . ef; gf) ceGbf cfk"mnfO{ >]i7 7fGg] dgf]efjgf jf ;f]rfO pRrtfaf]w . u'
Tj gf) [;+)] != u'? x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf u'?tf . @= uxlsnf]kg dxj . ~ s]Gb| gf) sg} e
}lts kbfy{sf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u'hf{u'n/ ] emg'{ n8\g' dg'{ . > u'sf{O gf) u'ls{g] jf u'sf{pg] lqmof k|lqmof . u'sf{
Og' s) lqm) u'ls{g] kflg' . u'sf{pg' ;) lqm) != sg} j:t'nfO{ ;fx;k"js { kN6fpg' sg} s
d lxDdt;fy ug'{ . @= k'mtL{;fy vfg' . #= d}y'g ug'{ anfTsf ug'{ . u'ls{g' c) lqm) !
= eLkxfaf6 v;] jf kmfn xfn] dg'{ rf]nf p7\g' . @= u's{g' . u'Sof{O gf) u'ls{g] efj, l
mof jf k|lqmof . { ;'grfFbLaf6 agfOPsf] ljz]if vfnsf] u'hf{ gf) [kmf) u'h] df\ulns
b08 jf ubf . u'h {' gf) [;+) u'? g]jf) h'] != af}4dfuL{ g]jfhfltsf] k'f]lxt jh|frfo{
@= jh|frfo{hfltsf k'?ifnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ elgg] cfb;"rs zAb . u'hf] { gf) [;+) u'8
"rL] kLknsf h:t} kft x'g], dl;gf ftf kmn kmNg] kx]n F f k"mn k'mNg] tyf df]6f] 8f
F7 x'g,] cfo'jl{] bs cf}ifwLsf lglDt pko'Qm nxf] jf a'6L u'8"rL . u'b {' gf) 3 5fO;s
]kl5 d]nf] dfg{ 8fF8f, efF6f vnfO{ rf]ofn] s:g] sfd w'L dfg]{ sfd . u'bd {' gf) 9'\
f, df6f cflbsf] l9:sf] rfg . u'bf}n { L gf) [kmf) u'nbfpbL] dl;gf y'u F f kx]n F f]
sf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] k"mn x]) uf]bfjL . u'af] { gf) Pp6} e]6g \ fdf ;]tf 6Lsf6L
f k]sf cg]s kft x'g] aLrdf 3'd|]sf] z\vfsf ftf] sf] 7"nf] Pp6f kft x'g], To;sf aLrd
f]uf] 3f]ufsf dflyNnfkl kx]Fnf] sf]lknf x'g,] Eofsh:tf] ;]tf] sGb kmNg] Ps jg:klt cf
o'jb {] sf cg';f z"nf]u cnsfO{nfO{ gfz ug]{ To;}sf] sGb . u'e {] gf) lbgdf cfFvf gb
]Vg] nf6f]h:tf] eP Ps} 7fpFdf u'F8'lNsxg] Ps yL ljiffn' ;k{ . u' { lqm) lj) [c) d")
'\ ] u'8]sf] zAb ;'lgg] uL (sg} j:t') sfPsf] jf uh]{sf] cfjfh cfpg] uL (k]6 sfpg],
uh{g], afbn u8\sg] cflb lsl;d) . > u'f{u ' L{ gf) k:kdf cfj]zk"j{s b]vfpg] cfqmf]z f
u'l{g ' c) lqm) != u'u' zAb ug'{ jfo'ljsfn] k]6 sfpg' . @= af3, efn' cflb uh{g' . #=
]nf] jf rSsfjfn j:t' u'8\g' jf u'8]sf] cfjfh cfpg' . u'of{O gf) ul{g] tyf u'of{Og] e
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'of{Og' s) lqm) u'of{pg] sfd ulg' u'8fOg' . u'of{pg' k|]) lq
!= sg} uf]nf] k]sf] j:t'nfO{ u'8fpg' x'ofpg' x'of{pg' . @= u'l{g nfpg' . u'nsGb gf)
)] cQu'nfkmsf kftx df8] lrgLdf dnL sfFrsf] efF8fdf xfn] ;"ok { fsff tof ulPsf] ;'ul
'Aaf . u'nhf lj) [kmf)] != rxnkxn jf ldtfn] k"0f{ ePsf] (a:tL, ;x cflb) xlnf]elnf]
fsif{s (v]tL, au}r F f cflb) . @= cfgGbbfos zf]efo'Qm ;'zf]let (3, kljf
330

cflb) . u'nb:tf gf) [kmf)] k"mn kftx ;hfO{ fd|L afFlwPsf] ;'Gb u'R5f jf e'mKkf . u'n
sfjnL gf) [kmf) u'n ;+) asfjnL] wfk jf lunf] hldgdf pd|g,] ljleGg sf nfdf ;'ulGwt k"m
n k'mNg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn . u'nf gf) [k|f) u'lncf] k'?ifhfltsf] ln\u;Fu} e'
mlG8P x]sf] hf]8L sf]if c08sf]if c08 cfF8f] . u'nfkm gf) [kmf) u'nfa] != Pp6} e]6g \
df tLgrfj6f kft x'g], km]bb]lv 6'Kkf;Dd 8Dkmsf h:tf sfF8f x'g], ljleGg sf ;'uGwL k"m
n k'mNg] af]6 cQ, ;'uGwL hn cflb agfOg] To;s} k"mn . @= kljf lgof]hgsf lglDt ue{lgf]w
ug{ :qLn] vfg] rSsL cf}ifwLnfO{ lbOPsf] gfd lkN; . hn gf) ;'ulGwt b|Jo ld;fO{ u'n
fkmsf] k"mnaf6 tof ulg] cs . ~ hfd'g gf) != v'jf d}bf d'5]sf] ;;fgf] jf l7Sssf] 8Nnf
] l3pdf ksfP ftf]ftf] ePkl5 kfudf 8'afO{ tof ulg] ld7fO nfndf]xg . @= leq b'O{ kmUNo
f k]sf] v}f] laofF x'g], kx]Fnf] cDafsf sf] vfFbf u'lnof] :jfb x'g] kmn . u'nfkmL lj)
[u'nfkm O{] != u'nfkmh:tf] sf] xNsf ftf] ePsf] . @= u'nfkm;DaGwL u'nfkmsf] . #= xN
lgFbf] 5fF6sf] (3f]rk]r, gzf, kL8f cflb) . ~ 5]8 gf) aflx yfx} gkfOg], leq eg] lag]
lsl;dn] ulg] sf] rfn gkfpg] lsl;dn] ulPsf] Jo\Uo 58\s] egfO . u'nfa gf) [kmf)] x])
km . hn gf) u'nfkmhn . ~ hfd'g gf) u'nfkmhfd'g . ~ tlsof gf) ufFhf sf6] dl;gf] kfg]{
k|]ds6fLsf] crfgf] . kf; gf) u'nfkmhn xfn] 5s{g] ;'fxLh:tf] ;fgf] efF8f] . > u'nfaL
lj) x]) u'nfkmL . u'nfd gf) [c)] != sdff] bf; . @= cwLg:y JolQm P]r F df k]sf] dfG5]
. #= bx lddsf aLrsf] P3f k'mLnfO{ ;\s]t ug]{ tf;sf] kQL . ~ rf] gf) tf; v]ndf kQL y
} hfFbf clGtddf h;;Fu u'nfd afFsL xG5 p;n] xfg]{ Ps v]n . > u'nfdL gf) u'nfd x'gfs
f] efj jf cj:yf bf;tf . u'lnof] gf) [;+) u'No] != ld;|L, lrgL, dx cflbsf] :jfb . l
j) @= To:tf] :jfbsf] dw' dL7f] . ~ uf]nsfqmL gf) tLgsg] kft x'g,] nfdf g
\uf | lg:sg]
x]n F f k"mn k'mNg], sfFrfdf xlof kfStf ftf x'g] kmn kmNg] Ps nxf] ;f]xL nxfdf kmn
] kmn . u'na ' gf) [c
\) Unf]a] lah'nL, 6r{nfO6 cflbsf] aQL aNg] lrd aNa . u'n ] gf)
Ps k|sfsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn .

331

u'n]nLu[x s]6fs]6Lsf yf
\gfyf w'g] :jf:gLdflg; . u'x ] lj) [u'x'P] != u'x'h:tf] kmf]x
gnfUbf] . @= u'x'sf] u'x';DaGwL . ~ lsf] gf) u'x'df plAhg] u'x'd} b'nf] kf] a:g], ed
h:tf] sfnf]
sf] sLf] u}F8]sLf] . ~ rfr gf) vf]nfgfnfsf lsgfdf a:g] Ps hftsf] rfFr
rn gf) r'Rrf] kx]Fnf] zL k|foM ;]tf] x'g], lbgdf cfFvf gb]Vg], nf6f]sf];]f]eGbf s]xL
7"nf] rLn x'rLn . ~ yf
\gf gf) sf]qmf] g5f]8s ] f] s]6fs]6Lsf yf
\gf u'x ' d"tn] d'l5P
f] yf\gf . ~ wGbf gf) dg gkg]{ vfnsf] ;fwf0f sfd emGem6nfUbf] ;fgf]ltgf] sfd . u'xn
] L gf) s]xL 7"n7"nf kft x'g,] sf7sf] h'jf agfOg], dl;gf kx]Fnf kmn kmNg] Ps v jf
To;} vsf] kfStf ftf] u'lnof] :jfb x'g] kmn u'Pnf] . u'Xo lj) [;+)] != l5kfpg'kg]{
pg nfos uf]Ko . @= d'l:snn] dfq a'g ;lsg] x:ok"0f{ u"9 . #= n's]sf] l5k]sf] u'Kt .
gf) x]) u'Xo]ZjL . f gf) != dn TofUg] OlGb|o u'bf . @= s;}n] rfn gkfpg] 9f]sf u'K
fg gf) [u'x' ofg] u'x' g} u'x' ePsf] 7fpF kmf]x . u'Xo]ZjL gf) [;+)] ;tLb]jLsf] u'Xokt
eP b]jL zlQm pTkGg ePsL dflgg], sf7df8f}s F f] k"jL{ efudf kg]{ afUdtL gbLsf blI
f0f lsgfdf l:yt k|l;4 kL7 jf 7fpF u'XosfnL . u"9 lj) [;+)] != n's]sf] u'Kt . @= 5f]l
kPsf] 9flsPsf] . #= ljz]if clek|fo n's]sf] jf:tljs cy{ l5k]sf] cy{ule{t . tf gf) u"9
x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . Tj gf) u"9tf . ~ k'?if gf) u'Kt x:o kQf nufpg vl6Psf] k'?if
u'Ktr hf;'; u'KtL k'ln; . ~ dfu{ gf) != u'Kt af6f] . @= lsNnf, baf cflbaf6 zq'n] yfxf
gkfpg] uL ;'6S ' s efUgsf lglDt e'Ol+{ eqleq} vg] agfOPsf] ;'? . > u"9fzo lj) != a'g
sl7g uDeL clek|fo ePsf] . gf) @= leqL cy{ . u[Wf| lj) [;+)] != nf]eL nf]n'k nfnrL . g
f) @= lu4 . kltfh gf) lu4sf] fhf h6fo' . u[x gf) [;+)] != 3 jf;:yfg af;f] . @= :
. #= :jb]z . ~ pBf]u gf) 3}df a;La;L ulg] jf ug{ ;lsg] pBf]u 3]n' pBf]u . ~ sd{ gf)
u[x:yLn] ug'k { g]{ sfd u[xsfo{ . @= 3]n' wGbf 3]n' sfd . ~ snx gf) != 3emu8f kflj
x . @= fi6leq hflt, wd{ jf cGo sf0faf6 ;Qfsf lglDt p7]sf] emu8f . sfo{ gf) != 3df ul
sfd 3sf] sfdsfh 3wGbf 3fo;L sfdsfh u[xsd{ . @= ljBfyL{nfO{ 3df ug{ lbOg] jf nufOg]
, n]vfO cflb sfd . hg gf) 3sf] kljf sns6'Da . ~ Tofu gf) 3 5f]8\g] sfd u[x:yf>d

u'n]nL gf) [kmf) lun"n] != b'O{rf]s] ;fgf] sf7df asf] lkmQf nufO{ xftn] tGsfP d6f\uf
x'of{O{ rfr'?\uLsf] l;sf ulg] c:q . @= rf]ofsf] tfFbf] nfP d6f\u|fn] xfgL rfr'?\
f ulg] wg'if . u'nf] gf) u'nfsf] Ps jrgsf] k . u'N6g' c) lqm) [u'G6f] g'] != yfx} gkf
PSsfl; n8\g' k5flg' 3';d'lG6g' . @= pQfgf] 6f x'g' plelG8g' . #= k|of; v] hfg' km]n
' . $= kflht x'g' xfg'{ . %= dg'{ lha|f] 6f]Sg' . ^=;vfk x'g' lau|g' gi6 x'g' . > u'N
6fO gf) u'N6g] jf u'N6fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . u'N6fOg' s) lqm) u'N6g] kflg' u'N6fOg' . u'
6fpg' k|]) lqm) u'N6g] kfg'{ u'N6fpg' . u'lN6g' c) lqm) != crfgs n8\g' k5flg' . @= d'
6fsf] e kg'{ plelG8g' . #= c;kmn x'g' k]mn x'g' . $= xfg'{ . %= dg'{ . ^= lau|g' gi6
x'g' . u'N6fO gf) u'lN6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . u'N6fpg' k|) ] lqm) != k5fg'{ n8fpg' .
@= d'G6fpg' pleG8fpg' . #= xfpg' kflht ug'{ . u'N6fx6 gf) u'lN6g] l:ylt jf lqmofk|
N6fO . u'Nd gf) [;+)] != Ps} km]baf6 w]} xfFuf lg:sg] af]6 (pv', afF;, wfg cflb) .
@= gf}j6f xfQL, gf}j6f y, ;QfO;j6f 3f]8f k}FtfnL;j6f k}bn l;kfxL xg], k|frLg sfnsf
] ;}lgs PsfO ;]gfxsf] Ps u0f . #= Ps ;'Iff rf}sL . $= jft, skm, lkQ cflbsf ljsfaf6 k
]6leq jfo'sf] uf]nf hDg] f]u jfo'uf]nf ufg'uf]nf . u'NdL gf) g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn ljsf
;If]qleq kg]{ n'lDagL c~rnsf] kxf8L e]udf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . u'x gf) [;+)] != lgiffb
hfltsf] Ps gfos tyf fdsf jgjf;sfnsf] Ps ldq . @= u'kmf sGbf . #= sflt{s]o sdf . $= l
i0f' . u'xf gf) [;+)] u'kmf sGbf cf]8f . u'xfO{ gf) [kmf) ujfxL] ;fIfL ujfxL . u'xfo
f) [;+)] dfG5]n] sGbf cf]8fdf jf; ug{ yfn]kl5sf] o'u k'ftfljs k|fu}ltxfl;s o'u . u'x
' ;) lqm) [u'xf\ g'] cfkb\ kbf{ dbtsf nflu k'sf ug'{ ;xfotf dfUg' . { gf jf ljklQ u'xf
f) [;+) uf]xf] != ckem{6 s'g} b'36 kbf{ dbtsf lglDt k'sflg] zAb b'xfO{ . @= dbt ;xfo
tf ;3fpk3fp . u'xffO [ u'xf\(cfO)] u'xfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] u'xflg' s)
u'xf dflug' u'xfg]{ sfd ulg' . u'x ' gf) [k|f) u"x] k]6df vfg]sf klr;s]kl5 u'bfaf6
g] dn lji7f 6L lb;f cfrL . wfO{ gf) != afnsxsf] :ofxf;';f ug]{ :qL cfOdfO{ wfn

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u[x:yu}8f Tofu . ~ b]jtf gf) != 3df b}lgs k"hf ulg] b]jtf . @= snb]jtf jf:t'b]jtf .
gf) != 3sf] dflns jf :jfdL 3kL . @= u[x:y JolQm 3sf] d"nL . kfn gf) != 3sf] dflns
. @= 3sf] vjfLsf lglDt kflnPsf] ss . #= rf}sLbf . ~ k|jz ] gf) zf:qf]St ljlwk"js {
3df k|jz ] ug]{ sfd . ~ dGqL gf) fHo jf b]zleqsf] cfGtls Joj:yf tyf zflGt;'Iff sfod
g]{ dGqL u[xljefusf] dGqL . d]w gf) u[x:yLxn] k|ltlbg ug'k { g]{ k~r dxfo1 (b]jo1, l
kt[o1, a|Xdo1, g[o1 e"to1) . ~ o'4 gf) != 3sf kljfxsf aLrdf ePsf] afemf] u[xsnx . @
} b]zsf lgjf;Lxsf aLrsf] kf:kls o'4 jf n8fOF cfk;L emu8f . ~ Ifs gf) o'4 jf b]zJofkL
zflGtsf cj:yfdf ;x, ufpF, 6f]n, lhNnf cflbsf] Iff ug]{ gfuls ;]gfsf ;b:o . ~ nIdL gf
) != 3sL nIdL . @= c;n :jefjsL u[lx0fL ;'zLnf u[lx0fL . ~ jfl6sf gf) 3jlkl nufOPsf] k
nk"mn cflbsf] au}Frf 3;Fu}sf] k"mnafL s];fafL . jf;L lj) 3}df a:g] 3uf}F8] . ~
= 3}df a;] ;GGof;L hLjg latfpg] sfd . @= 3df x] klg u[x:yLsf] aGwgb]lv d'Qm xg' . ~ ;
Gof;L gf) != u[x;GGof; lng] JolQm . @= 3af6 aflx glg:sg] k|lt1f lnPsf] JolQm . #= 3u
f}F8] . $= 3}df a;] ;a} sfd ug]{ JolQm . ~ ;lrj gf) u[xdGqfnosf] ;lrj . u[x:y lj) [;+
)] 3df a:g] 3af u] a:g] u[x:yf>ddf x]sf] . ;"q gf) u[x:ysf sd{ ;+:sf cflbsf l
Psf] j}lbs u|Gy . > u[x:yf>d gf) 3, u[x:yL u] a:g] cf>d rf cf>ddWo]sf] bf];|f] cf>d .
u[x:yL gf) != 3af u] a:g] JolQm u[x:yf>ddf x]sf] JolQm u[x:y . @= 3sf] Joj:yf u[x
sfdsfh 3af . #= kljf . u[lx0fL gf) [;+)] != 3sL dflnsgL u[x:jfldgL . @= kTgL :jf:g
Lt lj) [;+)] != u|x0f ulPsf] lnOPsf] . @= dGh' ulPsf] :jLs[t . #= pknAw k|fKt . $= h
jf a'em]sf] . > u[xLtfy{ lj) != cy{ nfu]sf] dtna a'lemPsf] . @= hfg]sf] yfxf kfPsf
] 1ft . u[xf]Bfg gf) [;+)] 3sf] au}Frf u[xjfl6sf . u[xf]ks0f gf) [;+)] 3u[x:yLsf lgl
rflxg] dfn;fdfg u[x:yLsf dfndQf . u[Xo lj) [;+)] != 3 jf 3af;Fu ;DalGwt 3sf] . @= 3
] (sd{) . #= 3kfnf cfl>t . u]u gf) [;+) ss{] != 9'\ufsf ;fgfltgf 6'qmf dl;gf eP 6'l
9'\uf . @= df6f] hlt kfgLn] kvfln;s]kl5
332

ar]sf dl;gf 9'\uf jf v;|f afn'jfsf s0f . > u]ufg lj) 9'u \ f jf OF6sf 6'qm}6q ' mf e
Psf] 9'U \ ofg 9'u \ ] (af6f], hldg). u]lu|g lj) [u]u Og] != u]u ePsf] u]Uo|fg . gf
u . ~ kfvf] gf) v, a'6f s]xL gePsf], v dfq knfpg] kfvf] u]u}uu ] ePsf] vla?jf gx'
f hldg . u]Uo|fg lj) [u]u ofg] x]) u]u|fg . u]8fu'8L gf) [ u]8fu]8L] rgf, l;dL, s]fp,
6df; cflbsf 7"nf;fgf u]8fsf] ;d"x u]8fu]8L . u]8L gf) [u]8f]O{] !=;fgf] u]8f] . @=
bfg' u]8f] (afnaf]nLdf) . #= zLsf c
\uxsf xf8sf] hf]gL{ . $= kf]ts ] f ;fy pg] nufOg]
'gsf] uxgf (gf}u]8L) . %= df]6, ;fOsn cflbsf] ult xn'sf] kfb}{ u'8\g dbt ug]{ hf]
gL{df x]sf ljleGg cfsfsf kmnfdsf af6'nf 6'qmf . u]8] dn gf) [u]8f]dn] ;]tf], v}f] sf
f]
sf ;;fgf bfgf x'g] tyf gfO6fh ] g, km;kmf]; kf]6f; tLg tj ePsf] f;folgs dn (sDKn
dn) . u]8f] gf) != ds}, s]fp, l;dL, rgf cflbsf] bfgf cGgsf] ;fgf]7"nf] aLh . @= kmn
. d'7f] gf) d'7Ln] ;f]xf]g{ ;lsg] cf}Fnfn] l6Kg ;lsg] cgfhsf ;a} bfgf u]8fu]8L .
u]df x]) u]jFf . u]o! gf) [c) u}h] dgdf b'Mvk"j{s lnOPsf] O{v l;, OaL . (pbf) ltdL d
u]o fV5f} eg] s;L ;Fu} a:g' <) . u]o@ lj) [;+)] nodf 9fn] ufpg ;lsg] ufpg nfos ufpg
f]Uo . ~ sfJo gf) ;\uLtsf] k|wfgtf x]sf], k|jfxdo tyf sljsf cfTdfg'e"ltn] k"0f{ sfJ
o sfJoTj u]otf ;dk|wfg kdf x]sf] sfJo k|uLtsfJo . u]ofTds lj) [;+)] uLlttj k|wfg eP
u]o u'0f ePsf] (sfJo, sljtf cflb) . tf gf) u]ofTds x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf l:ylt . u
]? gf) [;+) u}ls] 3, sf]7f n'uf (k|foM hf]uLsf) cflb Fufpg k|of]u ulg] k'm;|f] ftf]
vlgh jf 5fxf kx]N F rf] df6f] . > u]?jf lj) u]? sf] u]?n] FufPsf] u]? kf]ltPsf] .
) != ;]tf], df]6f], sdnf] :jflbnf] c;n hftsf] pv' u]df . @= cb'jfsf h:tf 7"nfnfDrf
kft x'g], Ps av]{ af]6 jf To;}sf] kx]Fnf] ;]tf] ;'uGwL k"mn . ~ pv' gf) ;]tf] sd
nf] pv' . u]x gf) [;+)] 3 u[x . > u]lxgL gf) u[lx0fL kTgL . u]x ] gf) x]) u]o . u}r
f) ;d'b| jf 7"nf gbLdf kfOg] df5fsf] Ps e]b . u}8 f gf) [;+) u08s] gfssf] 8F8fNgL
df Pp6f l;
x'g,]

333

u}8 ] uf]6f tLy{ To; tLy{df :yflkt lzjln
\u . @= ufO{sf h:tf sfg x'g] Ps d[u ufO{sfg
] afF7 . #= efujtk|l;4 w'Gw'sfLsf efOsf] gfd . $= c
\\u'n jf dfqfsf] P3f u'gfafasf] gf
. lj) %= ufO{sf h:tf sfg x'g] . j'mn gf) != ufO{sf] ayfg uf];d"x . @= od'gfsf t6d
f x]sf] Ps k|l;4 lxGb"tLy{ . #= sfgsf nf]tLdf nufOg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;'gsf] uxgf . uf
]s'n w"k gf) [;+) u'Uu'nw"k] dl;gf kft, v}f ;;fgf k"mn nfDrf 7"nf xlof kft x'g] Ps v
o;} vsf] ;'uGwL vf]6f] jf w"k . uf]s'n] lj) [uf]snP] uf]snh:tf] uf]sn;Fu ;DalGwt . u
?uf]v' gf) [;+) uf]If's] != ufO{sf] v' . @= ;;fgf kft x'g,] ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps af]6
jf To;}sf] sfF9fjfn kmn . uf]ug gf) 7"n7"nf v;|f kft x'g], ufO{a:t'n] vfg], ljz]
if u] dWo n]sdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] v . kft] lj) uf]ug j[Ifsf kftaf6 ag]sf] (vf]rf], b'g
f, 6kL cflb) . uf]uf| ; gf) [;+)] ef]hg ug{ nfUbf klxn] g} ufO{nfO{ v'jfpgsf lglDt
5'fOg] cGg . uf]3ft gf) [;+)] ufO{ dfg]{ sfd uf]xTof uf]jw . > uf]3ftL lj) ufO{ dfg{
uf]jw ug]{ uf]xTof ug]{ . uf]r lj) [;+)] != OlGb|ou|fXo OlGb|off hflgg] . gf) @= OlGb
off u|x0f ug{ ;lsg] j:t' (k,;, uGw,:kz{, zAb cflb) OlGb|osf] ljifo . #= ufO{ rg{sf nf
lu 5fl8Psf] hldg uf}r uf}rg . $= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f dflg;sf gfpFsf cfwfdf u0fgf ulg]
sf] ult . ~ e"ld gf) kTysf a;fxf jf lqz"nsf] :yfkgf uL ufO{a:t' rg{sf lglDt 5f]l8Ps
f] hldg uf}r uf}rg . uf]rd{ gf) [;+)] != ufO{sf] 5fnf . @= r;f{ . #= hldg gfKg] k|frL
g sfnsf] Ps yL gfk . uf]rfs gf) [;+)] ufO{ rfpg] dflg; uf]7fnf] . uf]rf0f gf) [;+)]
{ rfpg] sfd uf]7fnf] nfUg] sfd . uf]lhXjf gf) [;+)] ufO{sf] lha|f]h:tf] kft x'g] Ps
emf ufO{lha|] emf . uf]hL gf) != leqkl d;nf xfn] agfOg] v'jfsf] f]6L . @= aunL vNt
. rf]nf] gf) uf]hL jf vNtL ePsf] rf]nf] . efO gf) nf]Ug]n] :jf:gLnfO{ 5f8\bf jf kfk
r's] ] f] gf) != Zjf;gnLsf] ;dfgfGt ubf{ lbg'kg]{ sd . > uf]h x]sf], vfPsf] sf] k]6d
fg] gnL . @= l;F3fg . lj) #= l;F3fg] uf]Hof
\u|f] . uf]Hof
\uf | ] lj) fd|L af]Ng ghfGg
n7]k|f] UjfFh] l;F3fg] . uf]6f! gf) [;+)] != fd|fsf nflu wf]tL jf k5f}fsf 5]pdf nufOg
;'gf}nf jf kf}nf tfn] a'g]sf] lkmQf .

7"nf], e2f cfsfsf], zfsfxfL h
\unL hgfj v8\uL . u}8] lj) [u}F8fP] u}F8fh:tf] df]6f]
O{sg klg k'8\sf] . :qL) u}F8L . ~ lsf] gf) uf]adf k}bf x'g] edfh:tf] sfnf] sLf] uf]a|
sLf] u'x]sLf] . u}tL gf) hd]sf] lxpF vg] af6f] ;fkm ug]{ df6f] cflb pSsfpg] sf7sf]
8 ePsf] r'Rr] kmnfd] xltof . u}8 ' gf) [;+) uf]i7] nf]sljZjf;cg';f ufO{a:t'sf] Iffsf
lglDt dfu{z'Sn k"l0f{dfsf lbg uf]7df k"hf ulg] b]jtf . ~ k"hf gf) u}8' b]jtfsf] k
"hf . u}df lj) 2L lasDdf . u} gf) [c) u}] != uon cg'kl:ylt . @= kbsf] cl3lNt hf]l8
jf afx]s cy{ a'emfpg] zAb (u};sfL u}sfg'gL, u}g]kfnL O)) . ~ sfg'gL lj) sfg'glj?4 j
fg'gff ckfw 7xlg] cfcbfntdf d'2f rnfpg ;lsg] cj} w flgs ( Jojxf, cfr0f, sfds
Dd] b f lj) lhDd] b fL gePsf] cg' Q bfoL . ~ lhDd]bfL gf) lhDd]bf gx]sf] ljifo c
. ~ ;sfL lj) ;sfsf] :jfldTj gePsf] JolQm jf JolQm;d'bfodf lglxt . ~ xflh lj) xflh
yt gePsf] uon cg'kl:yt . ~ xflhL gf) cg'kl:ylt . u}ls gf) [;+)] != u]? . @= ;'g . lj)
#= u]? sf] u]?jf . u}L lj) [ulxf] O{] 5]p5fpsf] hldgsf] t'ngfdf xf]rf] efl;Psf] ulx
. ~ v]t gf) l5kl5k] eP klg kfgL hldxg] v]t snf] nfUg] c;n v]t ulxL v]t . ~ h3f gf)
s]xL p7]sf] hldgdf km}lnO{ k}bn jfkf ug{ ;lsg] 7fpF . ~ hfg' 6') 5f]f5f]L gx'g' . u}
]] lj) [ ulxf]] jlkl cUnf] eO{ aLrdf xf]rf] ePsf] vf8nh:tf] k]sf] ulxf] u}x|f] .
f] sfd gnfUg] 2L a]sDdf . @= kmf]xL l3gfxf . #= slxNo} kfgL g;'Sg] ux|f] (v]t) vf8L
}x | lj) [c) ju}x] OToflb hf] ePsf] ;a} ;d:t hDd} . u}x|L lj) 5]p5fpsf] hldgsf] t'ngf
f xf]rf] ulxf] u}x|f] u}L . ~ v]t gf) u}/L v]t ulx/L v]t . ~ hF3f gf) u}L hFuf/
. ~ hfg' 6') afFemL x'g' u}L hfg' . u}xf | ] lj) ulx/f] u}/f] . uf]h ! gf) [g]jf)]
fg3f6df d'bf{ kf]Ng] sfd ug]{ g]jfxsf] Ps hft . uf]h @ gf) [;+) uf]wf] != uf]xL u|fx
. lj) @= uf]Hof
\u|f] n7]kf |] . uf] gf) [;+)] != ufO{ uf} . @= k[lyjL . #= uf]? . $
= OlGb|o . s0f{ gf) != sf7df8f}Fsf] k"jf]{Qdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

uf]6fuf]q uf]6f@ gf) != cf]6f yfg k|lt . @= slAhot ePsf] lb;f 8Nnf] k] u'OFl7Psf] lb
6f
\u|fsf cfsfdf k]6leq hd]sf] dn . #= ufO{e { ; F} Lsf y'gdf k3|ge ' Gbf klxn] g} h
d]sf] b"w . > uf]6fpg' ;) lqm) ufO{e}F;Lsf y'g k'i6 x'g' . uGtL gf) yfguGtL . uf]6
L gf) 5'f5'} x]s yfg Pp6fb'O6f uf]6fuGtL . > uf]l6g' s) lqm) != uf]6f afFlwg' uf]
@= e]nf x'g' a6'lng' . uf]6L gf) [;+) u'l6sf] != lqkf;f, a'l4rfn cflb v]ndf rflng
] uf jf u'Rrf . @= df5f kqmg] hfnsf 5]p5fpdf e'mG8fOg] l;;f, kmnfd cflbsf uf]nL jf
8Nnf . #= kz'sf 3fF6Ldf x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] vl6f] jf f]u kmf]sf] ufF7f] . $= ;fgf] uf]
n ldn]sf] u]8f] uf]nL . rfn gf) != uf]6L rfn] v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n . @= uf]6L rfn]h
:t} u] a'l4ljrf k'ofO{ ulg] sfd . uf]7 gf) [;+) uf]i7] kfn, v, :ofpnf cflbn] 5fPsf]
a:t' fVg] jf afFWg] 3 7"nf] s6]f] uf]zfnf . ufO{ gf) uf]7elsf] gfOs] jf ;]f ufO{
cu'jf ufO{ . w"k gf) kz'wgsf] ;'Iffsf] lglDt u}8' b]jtfnfO{ w"kw'jfF ulg] vL r9fOg
"hf . kfnf lj) uf]7 kfNg] uf]7df kfn]sf] uf]7 fv] kz'xsf] Joj;fo ug]{ . kfnf] gf
f] kfnf] w]} uf]7 ePsf 7fpFdf kfnf]cg';f Pp6f uf]7n] ug'{kg]{ sfd . uf]7fnf gf) [uf]
7fnf]sf] lt) )] x]) uf]7fnf] . ~ v]tfnf gf) uf]7sf] sfd ug]{ dflg; v]tLdf sfd ug]{
HofdL ;fwf0f >ldsju{ . uf]7fnL gf) [uf]7fnf] O{] cfOdfO{ uf]7fnf] uf]7fNgL . ~ 3f; g
Ps c
\un ' nfdf kft x'g] dflg;n] klg vfg] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF; . uf]7fn] lj) [uf]7fnf]P] !
= uf]7fnfsf] h:tf] :jefj ePsf] uf]7fnf];DaGwL uf]7fnf]sf] sfd ug]{ . @= 7"nf v;|f
kft x'g] vlgpFsf h:tf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt v;|]tf] . ~ sfqmL gf) uf]nsfFqmLsf
cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] xlof] kmn . ~ rf] gf) sf]OnLsf cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~ emf gf)
F f k"mn k'mNg] vfg;d]t x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] e'OFemf . ~ ;fu gf) b"wh:tf] rf]k lg:sg]
nfdfnfdf kft, ;]tf jf kx]Fnf k"mn ;]tf] d"nf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] emf b'Uwkm]gL . uf]7fn
f] gf) [k|f) uf]fnf] < ;+) uf]i7kfn] != ufO{a:t'xsf] x]rfx ug]{ JolQm ufO{a:t' x]g]{
jf rfpg] dflg; . @= kl5kl5 nfu] x]ljrf ug]{ JolQm sg} j:t'sf] vjfL ug]{ JolQm wf
uf]7fNgL . uf]7 ] lj) [uf]7 P] uf]7;DaGwL uf]7sf] . ~ Rofp gf) uf]adf pd|g] Rofp uf]aR
]| ofp . ~ emfqmL gf) dWo ftdf uf]7fnfn]
334

yfxf gkfpg] uL uf]7uf]7 8'Ng] emfFqmL . > uf]7 ] L gf) != kf]sf]kGtf] ;fgf] kf]sf] .
@= uf]7 a:g] cfOdfO{ . lj) #= 8NnL ufG6L . ~ nf}L gf) != cf}Fnfdf nf}f] c8fP v]lng] s
6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . lqm) lj) @= uf]7}lkR5] . uf]8\g' ;) lqm) [k|f) uf] g'] la?jfjlklsf
mf jf 3fF; pv]n ] p3ff] kfg'{ la?jfjlklsf] df6f] vg] la?jfdf ps]f lbg' uf]8d]n ug'
f]8 gf) jlklsf] emf pv]nL af]6la?jfdf df6fn] ps]f lbg] sfd uf]8\g] sfd uf]8d]n . F f
]8w'jf gf) [uf]8f w'jf] ljjfxdf b'nxfb'nxLsf uf]8f w'b b'nxLkIfaf6 lbOg] pkxfsf j:t'
jf ?lkofFk};f . uf]8d]n gf) [uf]8 d]n] != af]6la?jfdf ps]f lbg] jf afnLgfnLsf jlklsf e
fkft pv]n] ;fkm ug]{ sfd uf]8\g] ldnfpg] sfd . @= cfgf] sfd kmQ] kfg{ cnfO{ kmsfOk'm
fO ug]{ sfd . uf]8f gf) [uf]8f]sf] a) j) jf lt) )] v'f x]) uf]8f] . uf]8fO gf) [ uf]8
(cfO)] uf]8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] uf]8fOg' s) lqm) uf]8\g nfOg' . uf]8fpg' k|
]) lqm) uf]8g \ nfpg' uf]8d]n ufpg' . uf]8fot gf) [kmf) uf]OGb] ufpFsf] rf}sLbf uf]8}
t . uf]l8g' s) lqm) [uf]8\ O g'] uf]8\g] sfd ulg' . uf]8L gf) [uf]8f O{] uf]8f (afnaf]n
) . uf]8t } gf)x]) uf]8fot . uf]8f] gf) [k|f) uf]8] v'f] kfp ko . uf]t gf) [k|f) uf
< ;+) uf]q] != uf]q k'Vof}{nL . @= sn j+z uf]tL . #= uf]tf . > uf]tf gf) k'vf{;u F ld
Nbf] :jk jf u'0f uf]t (afa'uf]tf uPsf], cfdfuf]tf uPsf], gftf uf]tf O)) . uf]tf gf)
[c) uf]t] != kfgLdf 8'Ag] sfd 8'a'NsL . @= x}fgL zf;gf . vf] lj) 8'Ag] 8'a'NsL dfg
. uf]tfn] lj) [uf]q cfn]] ;GtfgL . uf]ltof lj) [uf]q Oof] Ps} uf]qsf] uf]q ldNbf] ;uf]q
uf]ltof uf]tL . uf]ltof gf) [uf]t Oof] Ps} uf]qsf] uf]q ldNbf] ;uf]qL uf]ltof uf]
L lj) [k|f) uf]QLc < ;+) uf]lqs] != Ps} uf]qsf];uf]qL uf]ltof uf]ltof .@= p:t} :jefjs
f] cg'xf ldNbf] . gf) #= ckem{6 kg]{ 8sf] sf0f . (pbf) ltd|f uf]tLn] latfOxfNof] lg .
) :qL) uf]ltgL . uf]tLy{ gf) [;+)] uf]7 uf]zfnf . uf]t'n gf) != gfRg] ufpg] 3 g[To t
f ;\uLt;bg . @= f]bL3 . uf]q gf) [;+)] != j+zk|jt{s Clifd'lgxsf gfdaf6 rln

335

uf]yn ] Luf]a uf]klt gf) [;+)] != ufO{sf] dflns ufO{sf] wgL . @= ;fF9] . #= lzj . $=
;"o{ . uf]kg gf) [;+)] != n'sfpg] jf l5kfpg] sfd 9sfO 5f]kfO . @= kfNg] sfd Iff . uf
]kgLo lj) [;+)] != vf; JolQm, ju{ jf ;d"xb]lv aflx ghfcf];\ egL n'sfP fVg cfjZos l5kf
pg nfos . @= k|s6 ug{ gx'g] (j:t', sfd, sf] jf x:o) . #= kfNg of]Uo If0fLo . tf gf)
]kgLo xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . uf]kf gf) [;+)] != uf]khfltsL :qL . @= uf]7fNgL ufO{ kfN
g] :qL . #= uf}tda'4sL kTgL ozf]wf . $= Zofdfntf sfnLnxf] . uf]kfn gf) [;+)] != ufO{
kfNg] JolQm jf ufO{sf] wgL Ujfnf uf]7fnf] . @= >Ls[i0f . #= g]kfnsf] k|yd Ps fhj+z
. uf]kfi6dL gf) [;+)] uf]k"hg, uf]k|blIf0ff cflbsf] dfxfTDo ePsf] sflt{s z'Sn ci6
dL ltly . uf]lksf gf) [;+)] != uf]khfltsL :qL uf]lkgL . lj) @= kfngkf]if0f ug]{ ;+lI
fsf wfO{ . uf]lkgL gf) [;+) uf]kL] != uf]k:qL uf]kL uf]lksf . @= >Ls[i0fsL k|]ldsf .
#= uf]7fNgL . uf]kL gf) [;+)] uf]khfltsL :qL uf]lksf . ~ rGbg gf) fsfsf ;f]jdf kfOg
j}i0fjxn] ltns nufpg] kx]Fnf] efjsf] df6f] . ~ af; gf) afF; ' L tyf d'nL agfpg k|of]u
ulg] ;fgf] kftnf] vfnsf] afF; uf]k]afF; . uf]k ' gf) [;+)] != ;x, lsNnf, baf, dl
bsf] cUnf] 7"nf] 9f]sf d'Vo 9f]sf . @= uf]nf]s :ju{ . uf]k ] gf) [;+) uf]k] lgufnfs
f hftsf] Ps a'6f] . ~ af; gf) x]) uf]kLafF; . ~ nf}L gf) cn] uf]8fsf nLnfO{ cfgf nL
nL vK6fpg ;s]df 9fNg] JolQmn] 9fn]sf] nL sf6\g kfpg] Ps v]n . uf]Ko lj) [;+)] != n'
sfpg nfos uf]kgLo . @= Iff ug{ nfos If0fLo . tf gf) x]) uf]kgLotf . ~ lkf]6{ gf) ;
t JolQmn] afx]s cn] yfxf gkfpg] uL k7fOPsf] ljz]if sf jf hfx]L . uf]kf | 0fL lj) [;+)
ufO{kf | 0fL uf}kf | 0fL ;fx|} ;f]emf] clt ;Hhg lgLx . uf]n] lj) e2f lsl;dsf] g;'x
] vfnsf] df]6f] UjfFr] . uf]a gf) [;+) uf]lai6f] != ufO{sf] dn uf]do (lnkkf]t, z'4tf
cflb wfld{s b[li6df) . @= ufO{, uf]?, e}F;L, fFuf cflbsf] dn (;fdfGo k|rlnt cy{d
f) . ~ u0f]z lj) uf]an] agfPsf] u0f]zem}F e2f lsl;dsf] s]xL ghfGg] a'l4 gePsf] xlns
7 a'4" z'4a'4 . ~ Uof; gf) ufO{e}F;Lsf] uf]anfO{ ljz]if kdf kfs ufP dn tof ug]{
cflbsf] sfd rnfpgfsf lglDt UofF; k}bf ulg]

cfPsf] k'Vof}n { L lrgfpg] pkgfd (sf}l80o, sZok, jl;i7, effh O)) . @= j+z sn k'Vof}{n
L . #= hflt ju{ . $= ;Gtfg . %= gfd ;+1f . ^= ufO{nfO{ Iff ug]{ JolQm uf]Ifs . &= k[Y
jL . k6 gf) j+zfjnL . ~ k|jt{s lj) uf]q rnfpg] j+zsf cflbk'?if dflgg] (jl;i7, effh,
fZok, clq, ljZjfldq, uu{ O)) . > uf]lqs lj) uf]q;Fu ;DalGwt uf]q ldNbf] Ps} uf]qsf]
;uf]qL . uf]qLuf]qLo lj) Pp6} uf]qsf] ;uf]qL uf]tL . uf]yn ] L gf) hd{g]nL zfvfdf kg]
{ Ps efiff . uf]b \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) u'b { g'] != nfQLn] xfGg' nL jf xftn] lk6\g' vfFb
g' 7f]Sg' esg'{ . @= 3f]Rg' uf8\g' . > uf]bufb gf) uf]b\g]jg]{ sfd . uf]bgf gf) gL j
f]Onf xfn]sf] kfgLdf 8'afOPsf l;ofn] zLdf vf]k] agfOg] ljlzi6 cfs[lt jf z[\ufls a'f .
uf]bfO gf) uf]b\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . uf]bfOg' s) lqm) uf]b\g nfOg' . uf]bfpg
' k|]) lqm) uf]b\g nfpg' 7f]sfpg' . uf]bfuf]b gf) k:ksf] uf]bfO s6fs6 vfFbfvfFb .
f) [;+)] != sg} ljz]if d\unsfo{df jf cj;df k|folZrQ cflbsf lglDt zf:qLo ljlwcg';f ;\s
k u] a|fXd0fnfO{ ufO{bfg ug]{ lqmof jf Joj:yf uf}bfg . @= a|fXd0fsf iff]8z ;+:sfdWo]
Ps Iff}sd{ 5]j . uf]bfd gf) [c\) uf]8fpg] laqmL ug]{ lhG;L dfn;fdfg cflb k|z:t dfqfd
fVg] 3 jf 6xf] . ~ 3 gf) uf]bfd x]sf] 7fpF jf 3 . uf]bfjL! gf) [;+)] != afUdtL c~
lntk' ;xsf cfUg]o sf]0fdf x]sf] x]s afx| jif{df d]nf nfUg] Ps k|l;4 tLy{ . @= blIf0f
eftdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 gbL lxGb"xsf kljq ;ft gbLdWo] Ps . uf]bfjL@ gf) [kmf) u'nbfpbL]
sgfsgf k]sf gd, e'jfbf kft x'g] zb\ Ct'df s];|fbf ;]tf, kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] Ps af]
o;}sf] k"mn . uf]bfxf lj) [uf]b\ cfxf] uf]b\g ;Sg] uf]b\g] :jefjsf] . uf]lbg' s) lqm)
[uf]b\ O g'] uf]b\g] sfd ulg' . uf]bf]xgL gf) [;+)] ufO{ b'x'g] efF8f ua'jf b'w]f] 9'
. uf]b\b] gf) xSsLh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] v]n . uf]wg gf) [;+)] ufO{a:t' cflb wg kz'wg . uf
]w"ln gf) [;+)] jgdf r] 3fd 8'Ag] a]nf uf]7lt kms]s { f ufO{sf v'n] p8fPsf] w"nf], z'
e sfo{sf lglDt pko'Qm dflgg] w"nf] 3fd 8fF8fdf a:g] a]nf ePsf] ;do k|l;4 Ps d'xt "
{. uf]k gf) [;+)] != ufO{ kfNg] JolQm uf]kfn . @= ufO{sf] Iff ug]{ JolQm uf]Ifs . #=
uf]zfnfsf] dflns uf]7fnf] . $= gfos . %= fhf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

uf]a ]| uf]vfnL ;fgf]ltgf] pBf]u . ~ dn gf) ufO{e}F;L cflbsf] uf]adf 3fF;kft, :ofpnf
cflb ;8fP tof kflPsf] dn . > uf]aL != gf) uf]a df6f] ldnfP ulg] lnkfO jf kf]tfO .
uf]an] kf]ltPsf] . uf]a ]| lj) [uf]a P] != a'4" uf]au0f]z . @= e2f lsl;dsf] df]6f] u
. #= uf]a;DaGwL uf]ah:tf] . ~ lsf] gf) uf]adf k}bf x'g] uf]ad} v]Ng] Ps sLf] . ~
kx]Fnf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] rfFk . ~ Rofp gf) uf]adf pd|g], v}f] jf ;]tf]
sf] Ps hf
tsf] Rofp . ~ emf gf) 7"n7"nf v;|f kft uf]ne]8 F fh:tf kmn kmNg] avf{sf ;dodf knfp
g] Ps hftsf] 3fF;kft . ~ kfn'
\uf] gf) lxnfdf pd|g] jf knfpg] 7"n7"nf kft ePsf] kfn
'
\uf] ;fu lxn]kfn'
\uf] . ~ Kjfn gf) uf]7af6 uf]a aflx kmfNg ufx|f] jf kmlsfdf agfOPs
Kjfn uf]a kmfNg] b'nf] . ~ dn gf) ufO{a:t'sf uf]asf] dn . ~ d;L gf) WjfF;f] jf df];f]
af6 tof x'g] sfnf] jf k'm;|f] d;L . ~ ;Nnf] gf) uf]asf] yf;f]h:tf] kmn kmNg] Ps hft
sf] ;Nnf] . uf]Ao|fO gf) [ uf]Ao|fp(cfO)] uf]Ao|fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] uf]Ao
|fOg' s) lqm) uf]Ao|fpg] sfd ulg' . uf]Ao|fpg' ;) lqm) [uf]a ofp g'] ufO{e}; F Ln] la
sfd ug'{ ufO{e}F;Ln] xUg' . uf]e \ g' ;) lqm) [;+) u'Dkm g'] != sg} j:t'df xltof cfl
3f]Kg' jf 3f]Rg' . @= vf]Kg' 5]8\g' . > uf]efO gf) uf]Eg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . uf]e
fOg' s) lqm) uf]Eg nfOg' . uf]efpg' k|]) lqm) uf]Eg nfpg' 3f]kfpg' . uf]leg' s) lqm)
uf]Eg] kflg' . uf]eL gf) sfpnL sf]kL (k"mnuf]eL, aGbuf]eL) . uf]d6fsf gf) l;nfOsf] P
s k|sf vh'6fFsf . uf]dg gf) [;+) uf]g;] l;fpFbf km0ff lkmFhfpg] sfnf] jf ux'Fsf
sf]
b} ljiffn' ;k{ . uf]do gf) [;+)] uf]a . uf]d'v gf) [;+)] != ufO{sf] h:tf] d'v ePsf]
k'ms] ahfOg] tfdfsf] Ps lsl;dsf] afhf gl;
\uf . @= ufO{sf d'vsf cfsfsf] hkdfnf xfNg]
y}nf] uf]d'vL . > uf]dv ' L gf) != eG6fsf h:tf kft k"mn x'g] Ps a'6L jf To;}sf] r'
Rrf] 3'd]sf] nfDrf] kmn . @= ufO{sf d'vsf cfsfsf] hkdfnf xfNg] y}nf] uf]d'v . uf]d
'v] gf) uf]d'vL (afhf) . uf]d"q gf) [;+)] lxGb"xdf kljq tyf cg]s f]usf] cf}ifwL dflg
g] ufO{sf] d"t upFt . > uf]d"lqsf gf) != nx]bf ]vfsf kdf xg] jf aGw Ps k|sfsf] lrqs
@= Ps k|sfsf] c
\sg jf u'0fgLlt . #= ;'ulGwt aLh x'g] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF; ssaG;f] . uf
f) [;+)] ftf]ftf] k]sf] kx]Fnf] x'g] Ps k|l;4
336

Tg . uf]dw ] gf) [;+)] uf]jw uL ;DkGg ulg] k|frLg sfnsf] Ps j}lbs o1 . uf]od gf) crf
d'Aaf cflb xfNg] lrlgofF df6fsf] efF8f] . uf]ofqf gf) [;+)] efb| s[i0fk|ltkbfsf l
bg x'g] Ps ofqf x]) ufO{hfqf . uf]If gf) [;+)] != ufO{ kfNg] JolQm uf]kfn . @= uf]vgf
y . uf]Ifs gf) [;+)] ufO{sf] Iff ug]{ JolQm ufO{ kfNg] JolQm uf]k Ujfnf clx . uf]v
]vgfy (of]uL)] uf]vgfy . sfnL gf) uf]vf lhNnfsf] ;b d'sfddf cjl:yt Ps k|l;4 b]jL .
Daf gf) nf}sfsf h:tf kft ;]tf k"mn x'g],nxfdf kmNg], tsfL vfg x'g], nf}sfh:t} t cln
Nnf] Ps hftsf] kmn . wGbf gf) != tfsf w]} d'Gb|f jf sf7sf 6'qmf h'lQm;fy hf]8\g] 5'
g] a'l4ansf] v]n . @= uf]vgfyn] lgdf{0f u]sf], dgnfO{ Psfu| ufpg] To:tf] wGbf jf sfd
. #= w]} cndlng'kg]{ jf 5'6sff gkfOg] emd]nfsf] sfd sf]tw ] Gbf . uf]vgfy gf) [;+) u
f]Ifgfy] k|frLg ;dosf Ps k|l;4 x7of]uL cjw"t dxfTdf sgkmf dt rnfpg] gfy;Dk|bfosf Ps
k|l;4 ;fw' rf}f;L l;4dWo] Ps uf]Ifkf . ~ u'kmf gf) g]kfnsf] uf]vf lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|
;4 u'kmf . uf]v kGy gf) [uf]v kGy] l;4 Pj+ dxfTdf uf]vgfyn] rnfPsf] ;Dk|bfo jf dt . >
uf]v kGyL gf) != uf]vgfyn] rnfPsf] dtsf] cg'ofoL ;fw' sgkmf hf]uL . lj) @= uf]v;Dk|bf
sf] cg'ofoL . uf]vkfg gf) [uf]vd'08L kfg] != uf]vd'08L emf . @= ;f]xL emfsf] k]o ; j
}nfO{ lkpg] sfd . uf]vd'08L gf) x]) uf]/vd'G8L . uf]vd'G8L gf) [;+) uf]Ifd'08L] ftf s
;, ;;fgf 8Nnf k"mn dl;gf kft x'g] wft'j4{s tyf ;'zf]ws cfo'j]{lbs Ps emf . uf]vf gf)
[ uf]v] g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ u08sL c~rnsf] Ps lhNnf uf]vf{ . ~ blI
f0f afx' gf) lj) ;+) !(%@ df :yflkt ljleGg >]0fLdf ljeQm g]kfnsf] /fli6o kbs . ~ ba
f gf) g]kfnsf] uf]vf lhNnfdf x]sf] uf]vf fHo v8f ePkl5 uf]vfsf fhfn] lgdf{0f u]sf]
txfl;s baf . ~ kq ;+) !(%* df ;fKtflxssf kdf k|sflzt x'g yfn]sf], To;kl5 xKtfdf b'O{
k6s To;kl5 xKtfdf tLg k6s k|sflzt x'Fb} ;+) @)!& b]lv b}lgs x'g k'u]sf] g]kfn ;s
fsf] d'vkq . uf]vfnL lj) [uf]vfnL] != uf]vfdf xg] uf]vfsf] . @= uf]vf lhNnfsf lgj
#= ljb]zLxn] jLtfsf]

337

uf]v] nx'/Luf]naGbL lgeL jf lgefO{ afFsL x]sf] sfnf] kbfy{ lge]sf] sf]Onf cFuf . uf]n
gf) [c
\)] != esG8f], xsL cflbsf v]nd}bfgdf kIftk{maf6 ;'Iff ulPsf] t ljkIfsf v]nf8Lxn
ljhosf lglDt esG8f] cflb k'ofpg'kg]{ lgwf{lt If]q jf 7fpF . @= pQm v]nxsf v]nd}bfgd
f Ps kIfsf v]nf8Laf6 ;'/Iff ul/Fbful/Fb} klg csf]{ kIfsf v]nf8Lxn] lgwf{lt If]qdf
esG8f] cflb k'ofO{ jf k;fO{ k|fKt u]sf] ljho (pbf) 7d]n P3fn] ;
\s6f P3fsf lj?4 v]n ;
ePsf] kfFr ldg]6d} klxnf] uf]n uof]) . uf]ns gf) [;+)] != af6'nf] jf lk08fsf j:t' .
@= ?lkofFk; } f l5fpg] Kjfn ePsf] sGt' v't's]{ v'q's] . #= ljwjf :qLn] kk'?ifsf] ;Dk
s{af6 k}bf u]sf] 5f]f] ljwjfsf] hfh k'q . uf]nsdL{ gf) [uf]nsdL{] bfpf afn] uf]n ag
dfG5] uf]n kf]Ng] JolQm . uf]nsfqmL gf) [uf]nsfFqmL] kasf h:tf sf];f sfFqmfsf] h:t}
bL, laofF :jfb x'g] g
\u|fbf Ps nxf] jf To;}sf] ;fgf] nfDrf] kmn . uf]nsf]6 gf) [uf]n
f]6] k|ms, a]na6d ;'6, syf{ cflb;Fu nufOg] cufl8sf] kf6f uf]nfsf ePsf] k|foM :qLhf
ltsf] sf]6 . uf]nu]8L gf) [uf]nu]8L] 5'gf;fy jf sg} j:t'df 7f]lsgf;fy u'Rrfh:tf] 8N
nf] kg]{ Ps k|sfsf] nfDrf] sLf] af3]sLf] . uf]n3 gf) [uf]n3] != af6'nf] jf j[Qfsf
f7df8f}Fsf] s]Gb|Lo sffufleq Hofgdff tyf dx;' 8fsfxnfO{ s7f] ;f:tL jf ;hfo lbg h]nsf]
dfemdf agfOPsf] lkFhfh:tf] ;fF3'f] vf] . uf]n6f]n gf) [uf]n6f]n] w]} hgf ldn] a;]sf]
pF ldn] a;]sf 5l5d]sL . uf]nt lsof gf) [uf]ntlsof] d"n tlsofsf] ;xfos tlsof uf]nf] tl
of jf l;fgL . uf]n bfld gf) [uf]nbfld] l6Da'sf h:tf ;fgf bfgf kmNg] sfF8fbf Ps af]6
sf] kmn . uf]nGbfh gf) [kmf)] 7Ls 7fpFdf kg]{ cGbfh uL tf]kff uf]nf k|xf ug]{ JolQm t
]k xfGg] dflg; . uf]nk'msL gf) [g]jf)] e'6] fd|L k"mn p7fOPsf] lrlgofF wfgsf] v] l;f
fsf] v] . uf]na4 lj) uf]naGb Pstfa4 . uf]naGb lj) Pstfa4 . uf]naGbL gf) [uf]naGbL] !=
j[Qfsf 3]fdf xg] jf a:g] sfd uf]nf] cfsfdf ;fFu'lP a:g] jf To;L fVg] sfd . @= ljkI
4 ulg] df]rf{aGbL .

Vofn uL g]kfnLxnfO{ eGg] zAb . uf]v] nx'L gf) [uf]vfnx'L] x]) uf]v]{nf}L . uf]d
8cfd|] sfFrf] cfFksf rfgfdf d;nf xfnL kfudf ksfPsf] n]bf] vfB kbfy{ . uf]; gf) [;+)
] ufO{sf b"waf6 aGg] kbfy{ (b"w, bxL, dxL, l3p cflb) . uf]f gf) [;+) uf}] != o'f]k,
cd]lsf cflbsf uf}j0f{sf hflt . lj) @= uf} jf uf]f] j0f{ ePsf] . uf]fO gf) [uf]f]cfO
] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf uf]f]kg . uf]flvnf] lj) [uf]IfOnf]] w]} bxLb"w vfPsf] vfOnfU
uf]f kN6g gf) [uf]fkN6g] c
\u|]h cflb hfltsf] kN6g jf ;]gf . uf]lNnf gf) [u'lNnf] x
lNnf . uf]? gf) [;+) uf]k] != ufO{sf] af5f] jf axnfO{ ufO{sf kl5 nfu] b'a{n xf]nf v]
LkftLsf] sfd gb]nf egL ;'d] alni7 fVg] sfd ulPsf] 3kfnf kz' aon . lj) @= ca'em ;f]e
d"v{ . ~ r'6fO gf) uf]?nfO{ r'6]h:tf] r'6fO ;fx|} rsf]{ lk6fO . ~ hf]tfO gf) uf]?nf
O{ h:t} ftf]lbg sfddf bNg] sfd sfddf lbOg] ;s; jf 3f]f . ~ ltxf gf) uf]jw{g k"hf uf]
sf] k"hf ulg] efO6Lsfsf] cl3Nnf] lbg xnltxf . d't ] gf) != Psk|sfsf] emf . lj) @= a
df 2L . #= ca'em d"v{ . $=af
\uf]l6
\uf] (uf]?d't] cIf cflb) . ~ df]nfO gf) gfkhf]v gu
j:t'sf] df]6fdf]6L d"No fVg] sfd xr'jf . l;
\u ] != lj) uf]?sf l;
h:tf] cfsfsf] (
gf) @= klZrd t/fO{df fhdfu{5]pdf x]sf] o; gfdsf] 7fpF . uf] ] lj) [uf]f]P] uf]f] j0f
Psf] uf]f] 5fnf x'g] . uf]]6f] gf) [uf]8f]P6f]] dflg; jf ufO{uf]? cflb kz' cf]xf]bf]x
] ubf{ 6]lsP ag]sf] ;fgf] jf emLgf] af6f] 8f]6 ] f] . uf]f] lj) [;+) uf}] Zj]tj0f{ e
] ;]tf]
sf] . uf]f]rguf]f]rgf gf) [;+)] kx]Fnf] ;'uGwL 8fF7 x'g] tyf 3f]6 ] rGbg
Ps k|sfsf] a'6L . uf]vf{ gf) [ uf]vf] x]) uf]vf . > uf]vf{nL lj) uf]vf{sf] uf]vf{df
jf a:g] uf]vfnL . uf]v]{pnf] lj) uf]vf{ jf uf]vf{nL;DaGwL uf]vf{nLsf] . F fd'lg ufnf]
xfn] uf]v{] nf}L gf) [uf]vf{nf}L] sfFwdf 3'8 8f]Ln] afFwL ckfwLnfO{ lbOg] ;hfo u
. uf]n! lj) [;+)] != af6'nf] j[Qfsf d08nfsf . gf) @= j[Qfsfsf] agf]6 jf rgf . uf]n@
[kmf)] != ;d"x hdft e'mG8 . @= St;DaGw jf cGo sg} ;DaGw;"qff afFlwPsf] ;d"x . (pbf)
n k'm6\g' x'b F g } ). uf]n# gf) sf7kft cflbnfO{ afnL vfgL x'g gkfpFb} cfuf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

uf]n af]nLuf]NsL uf]n af]nL gf) [uf]naf]nL] oxL xf] eg] cy{ ls6\g g;lsg] uL af]lnPsf]
bf]wf] sf] sg} Ps sfnfO{ gv'fO{ To:tf ldNbfh'Nbf cg]sf}F sfsf] ;dfj]z x'g ;Sg]
jf To:tf] lnvt . uf]nle8fuf]ne]8 f gf) [uf]neG6f] cfn'sf hftsf af]6df kmNg], vf; uL
crf tsfLsf kdf vfOg],kfStf yf]} kx]n F f] w]} ftf] x'g] k|foM uf]nf] kmn 6df6
]nd6f]n lj) [uf]n(l))] != cy{ fd|L gv'n]sf] jf a'g wf}wf} kg]{ cy{ jf efjnfO{ efFrsF
flPsf] . @= PseGbf a9L cy{ nfUg] c:ki6 . uf]ndfn gf) [uf]ndfn] !=sg} sfdsfdf x'g cfP
u8a8L jf cJoj:yf @= w]} yL j:t'sf] 5f;ld; eb|uf]n . lqm) lj) #= tndfly kg]{ rfn hyfe
faL . uf]ndf]n gf) [uf]ndf]n] != ;fgf7"nf ;a} j:t' ldnfOPsf] d"No xr'jf df]n . lj)
@= c:ki6 ga'lemg] . uf]nof]u gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f 5 jf ;ftj6f u|x Ps} 7fpFdf
jlkl eP a:tf kg]{ cz'e of]u . uf]n ;Ghfk gf) [uf]n;Ghfk] ef]6f], na]bf, rf]nf] cflbd
f nufOg] 8f]nf] cfsfsf] ;Ghfk (kfOlk
) . uf]n;fdL gf) [uf]n;fdL] v';f{gL, a];f, d;nf,
lrpf cflb s6\g] d';ndf hf]l8Psf] wf gePsf] uf]nf] kftf wf gePsf] uf]nf] ;fdL . uf]nl;
dn gf) k|foM flt sfpg] nf]ssyfdf k|l;4 Ps hftsf] ag}ofF rf] . > uf]nl;dn] lj) uf]nl;
nh:tf] uf]nl;dn;DaGwL . uf]nf lj) [;+) uf]n] != af6'nf] j[Qfsf uf]nf] . gf) @= sg} kl
uf]nf] kbfy{ jf lk08 (esG8f], cl
\ufnsf] uf]nf], ef]u6]sf] bfg' O)) . #= xft}n] jf
tf]k cflb sg} k|xfs c:qsf ;xfotfn] x'ofP k|xf ulg] uf]nf] lj:kmf]6s j:t' . $= jfo'ljs
f6 jf cGo sf0faf6 x'g] k]6sf] f]u jfo'uf]nf ufg' . %= y'k|} cl
\ufn, dfG5], sldnf cflb
Ps} 7fpFdf e'mlDdPsf] cj:yf afSnf] x"n . ^= cgfh cflbsf JofkfLsf] qmoljqmosf] ynf]
. &= afF8kmfF8, n]gb]g, 5gf]6 jf r'gfp cflbdf ;fdfGo k|sfn] l5gf]kmfgf] x'g g;St
f lg0f{osf] nflu k|of]u ulg] lrf;Fu ldNbf]hN ' bf] k4lt jf ;f]sf] ;fwg . uf]nfO gf)
[uf]nf]cfO] uf]n x'gfsf] l:ylt jf k|lqmof af6'nf]kg uf]nf] k]sf] k uf]nfsf . uf]nfs
[uf]ncfsf] uf]nf] cfsfsf] af6'nf] . uf] n fafL gf) [uf] n c
\ ) jf ] b' : dgsf] If
cfsfzdfu{af6 jf hldgaf6} ulg] uf]nf, ad cflbsf] jiff{ . uf]nf af?b gf) [uf]nfaf?b]
!= uf]nf af?b . @= n8fOFdf zq'nfO{ gfz ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] c:q . uf]nf4{uf]nfw{ gf) [;+
)] != sg} uf]nf] j:t'sf] cfwf efu
338

cw{j[Q . @= Ps w'|jb]lv csf]{ w'|j;Dd ]vf tfgL k[YjLsf] dfglrqnfO{ aLrdf sf6\tf j
f ljif'jt\ ]vfff 5'fpFbf x'g] e"uf]nsf] cfwf efu . (e"dWo]vfn] k[YjLnfO{ pQL blIf0
]nfw{df ljeflht u5{ eg] vdWo ]vfn] k[YjLnfO{ k"jL{ tyf klZrdL uf]nfw{df afF8\b5)
. uf]lnbf] lj) [uf]nf]OFbf]] uf]nf] x'g] vfnsf] uf]nf] 9fFrfsf] . uf]lng' c) lqm) [uf
nf] O g'] uf]n x'g' af6'nf] kg'{ 3]f kg'{ . uf]lng' gf) cNnfsf kf6n] a'g]sf] cf]5fpg]
uf]lnof gf) [uf]nf] Oof] v 9fn] 6'So|fOPsf] uf]nf]uf]nf] d'9f . uf]nL gf) [uf]n O{] !=
;fgf] uf]nfsf j:t' . @= cf}ifwL cflbsf] a'6L l6lsof . #= aGb's, lk:tf}n cflbdf e] xf
lgg] l;;f cflb wft'sf] 8Nnf] jf nfDrf] ;fwg . ~ sf08 gf) != b'O{ kIfsf aLrdf emu8
f x'Fbf k:kdf uf]nL rNg] sfd . @= pQ]lht kdf rls{x]sf] pu| x"nnfO{ zfGt kfg{ jf bdg
ug{sf nflu uf]nL rn]sf] 36gf jf l:ylt . uf gf) nufOFsf lglDt cfjZos uf]nL, af?b cf
lb xltof . uf7f] gf) v'fdf ss{RrfeGbf s]xL dfl:t p7]sf] bfofFafofFsf] uf]nfsf xf8
uf] gf) 8Nnf] kfL a]]sf] n'uf cflb l;pg] wfuf] . uf]nj ' f gf) [uf]nf]pjf] != uf]nf]u
f]nf] luF8 agfOPsf] sf7 jf bfpf . lj) @= uf]n cfsfsf] . uf]n];f] gf) [uf]nPF;f]] ?dfn
sf rf} sgf afFw] kflPsf] kf]sf] . > uf]n]:ofO gf) uf]n]F;f] kfg]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . uf
n: ] ofOg' s) lqm) uf]n; F] f] kflg' . uf]n: ] ofpg' ;) lqm) ?dfnsf rf sgf afFwL kf]
kfg'{ uf]n]F;f] kfg'{ uf]n]F;f] af]Sg' . uf]n]:ofx6 gf) uf]n]F;f] kfg]{ sfd . uf]n ]
lj) [uf]nP] != uf]nf] jf af6'nf] ePsf] uf]nf] k]sf] . uf]n a]Rg] sf]Onfsf] laqmL ug
]{ . uf]n}rL gf) v;|f, nfDrf kft x'g], rfFksf cfsfsf sn]hL, 6f]6f k]sf jf ;]tf
sf a
f cfpg] k"mn k'mNg], 8fF7af6 b"w lg:sg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf] k"mn, r'jf . uf]nf
] gf) [;+) uf]n] != wldf, sldnf, cl
\ufn cflb sLfsf] u'F8 . lj) @= 8f]nf] uf]n af6'nf
uf]nf]s gf) [;+)] uu{;+lxtfcg';f s[i0fsf] k|l;4 wfd jf jf;:yfg . uf]nf]rg ufO{sf]
d'vaf6 cf]slnFbf lg:sg] f}s F f] gd u'hN ' 6f] . uf]NsL gf) [c
\) uf]nsLk] esG8f] cflb
f v]nd}bfgdf uf]n ulg] lglZrt 7fpFdf x] ljkIfsf v]nf8Laf6 xflgPsf] esG8f] cflbnfO{ l
gwf{lt uf]nIf]qdf l5g{ jf k:g glbg] bfloTj lnPsf] kIftkm{sf] v]nf8L uf]nIfs . ~ afh
f gf) afF;sf] 9'
\u|faf6 lg:s]sf] wfufdf ufn] xfg] ahfOg] Ps

339

uf]lN6guf}8f %= O{Zj . j'm08 gf) g]kfnsf] afUdtL c~rncGtu{t ;'jf lhNnfdf kg]{ nfd6f
dfnsf sfvdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 tLy{:yn . (of] ;d'b| ;txb]lv !),))) lkm6eGbf a9L cUnfO
df x]sf] 5 o; s08sf] k"j{ klZrddf ;:jtLs08, e}js08, ;"os { 0 8, u0f]zs08 cflb
\ . o; Onfsfdf !)* s08 5g\ eGg] hg>'lt klg 5 . oxfF x]s jif{ bzxf hg}k"l0f{dfdf 7"n
f] d]nf nfU5) . yfg gf) uf];fO{+s08 . uf]:gf}6L gf) [uf]:gf}6f]O{] != sdffsdfLn] df
sL 5f]LnfO{ eGg] zAb . @= laxfdf nf]sGtLn] b'nxLnfO{ eGg] zAb . uf]:gf}6f] gf) !=
sdffsdfL jf bf;bf;Ln] cfgf dflnssf 5f]f5f]LnfO{ nfpg] ;fOg' . @= b'nxfb'nxLnfO{ ;Daf]
wg ug]{ zAb . + ) + ] != ufO{sf] dflns ufO{ kfNg] JolQm . @= uf]:jfdL gf) [; OlGb|
onfO{ jz ug]{ lht]lGb|o . #= j}i0fj;Dk|bfodf cfrfo{sf pQ/flwsf/L dfWj, jNne / lgDa
fs{ dtsf j}i0fjxsf dxGtn] kfpg] kbjL . uf]:jff lj) [kmf) uf]zjff] != Pp6} ;d"x jf ;d
li6sf kdf x]sf], uflePsf] jf ldn]sf] ;uf]n ;femf (uf]:jff btf{, uf]:jff nut O)) . @=
|d'v d'Vo k|yd txsf] (uf]:jff x'nfs, uf]:jff efpr cflb) . gf) #= klxn]klxn] a8fxflsd
a:g] lhNnfesf] zflGt;'Iff;DaGwL sfd ug]{ k|zf;lgs cf . ~ wg gf) ;uf]ndf x]sf] ;DklQ
~ efpr gf) k|To]s ljifosf] cfoJoo cnucnu kdf b]vfOg] ;\lIfKt n]vf]6 . ~ x'nfs gf) s]
Lo x'nfs cf (hgn kf]:6 clkm;) . > uf]:jfLuf]:jf] lj) != uf]:jff;DaGwL ;femf ;uf]ns
) @= Ps k|sfsf] u'lnof] ld7fO{ . uf]xTof gf) [;+)] uf]jw uf]3ft . uf]xf gf) [;+)] plx
n] ufO{ x] n}hfFbf ;xfotf kfpg ufO{sf] x0f eof] eGg] cy{df sfP elgg] zAb u'xf . uf
[k|f) uf]lxcf < ;+) uf]lwsf] dfp;'nLsf 9asf] t Hofb} 7"nf], kfgLleq w]} xg], peor, ;
k'R5 Ps hGt' ;L;[k;d"xsf] Ps lx+;|s e]b 3l8ofn . uf]xn ] f] gf) [uf]xf] Pnf]] d';fsf l
nF8h:t} dl;gf sfnf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] v . uf]xf] gf) [;+) uf]ky] != ufO{ l
xF8\bf a;]sf] 8fd jf lrXg . @= lxF8fOsf] 8fdk}tfnfsf 5fk kblrXg . uf]xf]f] gf) [;+)
uf]wf] sf}FtLh:tf] k'R5 x'g], 5]kffsf 9asf] 7"nf] Ps h\unL hGt' . uf}8f gf) [;+) u9]
= cSs k]sf] 7fpF c;lhnf] cK7]f] 7fpF . @= u9L agfOPsf] 7fpF . #= klxn]klxn] uf]:jff;
f] sfd ug]{ kxf8L cf (wgs6f uf}F8f, kfNkf uf}F8f cflb) jf

k|sfsf] ;xfos tfnafhf . uf]lN6g gf) [uf]nl6g] af6'nf] l6gsf] l8Aaf r'f]6 xfNg] l6gsf]
af6'nf] jf uf]nfsf af . uf]N7] lj) [uf]N7f]P] uf]nfuf]nf k]sf] uf]N7f]h:tf] uf]N7f]
uf]N7f] lj) [uf]n7f]] uf]nf]uf]nf] cfsfsf] 8Nnf] ;fx|f] . uf]Nk'm gf) df6fsf] ;fgf]
}F6f] . uf]Nkm] gf) tsfL vfg x'g] Ps k|sfsf] l;dL . uf]Nof;f] gf) [uf]nofF;f]] n'ufk
fsf] kf]sf] s6'f] . uf]NofO gf) [ uf]Nofp(cfO)] uf]Nofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof uf]nf]kg u
. [ > ] uf]NofOg' s) lqm) uf]nfsf kflg' af6'nf] agfOg' . uf]Nofpg' ;) lqm) [uf]nofp
!= uf]nfsf kfg'{ af6'nf] agfpg' . @= e]8f, afv|f, ufO{a:t' cflb ;d]6] Pslqt kfg'{
. #= cfuf]sf] arfpsf nflu af];L{df cFuf, vfgL cflbnfO{ Ps 7fpFdf ;d]6\g' . > uf]No
fxf lj) != uf]nf] ePsf] uf]nf] k]sf] . @= k"f g;NsL cfuf] lglexfNg] a9L uf]n xg] . uf
Nnf8] gf) [uf]?nfF8] ] k'?ifnfO{ ufnLunf}hdf k|of]u x'g] cZnLn zAb . uf]jw gf) [;+)]
lxGb" wd{cg';f lglif4 dflgg] ufO{ jf ;fF9] cflbsf] xTof uf]xTof uf]3ft . uf]j4{g gf
) [;+)] != ufO{uf]?sf] kfng ;'Iff ug]{ sfd ufO{uf]?sf] ;Gtfg km}nfpg] sfd . @= k'f0
fcg';f cltj[li6af6 j|hjf;Lxsf] Iffsf lglDt s[i0fn] cf}n F fdf p7fPsf] j[Gbfjgsf] Ps
k|l;4 kj{t . #= pQm kj{tsf] glhssf] a:tL . uf]ljGb gf) [;+)] != ka|Xd kdfTdf . @= >
Ls[i0f . #= z
\sfrfo{sf] u'?sf] gfd . $= uf]7sf] dflns . ~ fbzL gf) kmfu'g dlxgfsf z'
SnkIfsf] fbzL ltly . ~ l;+x Pshgf l;Sv u'?sf] gfd . uf]jB } gf) [;+)] != kz'sf] lr
lsT;f ug]{ j}B kz'lrlsT;s kz'j}B . @= d"v{ jf c1fgL lrlsT;s . uf]zfnf gf) [;+)] y'k}
| ufO{ kfNg] fVg] 7fpF uf]7 . uf]i7 gf) [;+)] ufO{ xg] 7fpF uf]zfnf uf]7 . uf]i7L
;+)] != sg} ljifosf] ljrfljdz{sf lglDt a:g] ;DalGwt JolQm jf ljfg\xsf] cf}krfls a}7s
jf ;ef jftf{nfk kfdz{ . @= yf]} dflg;xsf] ;ef ;fgf] a}7s . #= gf}b; k'?if kfq kfFr
L kfq xg] kssf] Ps e]b . ~ kq gf) uf]i7Ldf kfdz{ jf 5nkmnsf lglDt tof kflPsf] sg} lg
lt ljifosf] uxlsnf] n]v sfo{kq . uf];fO{+ gf) [;+) uf]:jfdL] != u]?jf j:q klx] TofuLe
m}F b]lvg] u[x:yL hLjg g} JotLt ug]{ Ps hflt uf]:jfdL . @= ;fw';GGof;L TofuLxnfO{ u
lg] Ps ;Daf]wg of]uL dxGt . #= OlGb|o lhTg] JolQm lht]lGb|o . $= dflns :jfdL .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

uf}8 ] uf}lof To; cfsf dftxtsf] Onfsf . $= s;}sf] x}sd rNg] 7fpF . sf] af3 gf) z0
kL ;'v} gkfOg] 8nfUbf] dflg; sg} vf; 7fpFdf wfs hdfP a;]sf] JolQm . ~ uN5]8f gf) !=
:sn;Fu cfjthfjt ug{ ;lsg] af6f]3f6f] uf}F8f] uN5]F8f] . @= ;dfwfg jf lg0f{odf k'U
g cK7]f] kg]{ ;d:of . ~ uf]:jff gf) jt{dfg k|zf;lgs ;'wfeGbf klxn] kxf8 dw];df zflGt
;'Iff cflbsf] sfd ug]{ d'Vo cf uf}F8f uf]:jff . uf}8 ] lj) [uf}8 F f]P] != uf}8
9's ] a:g] uf}8 F fdf a:g] (rf]) . @= uf}F8f];DaGwL uf}F8fsf] . uf}8 f] gf) [k|f) u
!= cGtaf6 hfg g;sL To;} 7fpFaf6 dfq cfjthfjt ug'k { g]{ 7fpF . @= 3/af6 d"naf6f
df lg:sg] ;fgf] uf]/]6f] . #= af3 cflb jGohGt'nfO{ kf;f] jf vf]/ yfKg] 7fpF . uf
}t gf) [;+) uf]d"q] != x]) upFt . uf}T ofO gf) uf}T F ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . uf
}T ofOg' s) lqm) uf}FTofpg nufOg' . uf}T ofpg' ;) lqm) ufO{n] d'Tg' upFTofpg' . uf}
y nL gf) != 6fpsf], kv]6f k'R5 sfnf] k]6 ;]tf] x'g], k|foM avf{ofddf b]lvg] wf]aLr
]hq} Ps rf] eLdf u'F8 nfpg] eLuf}y F nL 3sf bnLg cflbdf u'8 F nfpg] 3uf}y F nL gfds
rf] . @= 3sf] 5fgfsf bfFtLdf bf]xf]f] kf] sl;g] ef6f] . ~ k"mn gf) nxfdf k'mNg] Ps h
f] k"mn . uf} gf) [;+)] ufO{ . uf]6L gf) ufO{a:t'sf 3fF6Ldf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] vl6f] .
rrg gf) ufO{a:t' rfpgsf lglDt a;fxf jf lqz'n fvL 5f]l8Psf] afFemf] hldg uf]r . u
[;+)] != eftsf] a
\ufnk|bz ] sf] k|frLg gfd . @= ljGWokj{tsf pQkl a:g] a|fXd0fhfltsf
] Ps ju{ . (sfGosAh, uf}8, pTsn, d}lyn ;f:jt oL kfFrnfO{ k~ruf}8 elgG5) . uf}8@ gf)
[c) uf]] ;f]rljrf lrGtgdgg 3f]TNofOF x]) uf} klg . uf}8f gf) [ uf}8 F f] u9L agfpg
jf u9L agfOPsf] 7fpF (lbJo)) uf}8 F f. uf}8L gf) [;+)] != sfJorgf ug]{ tLg Llt (kf~
rfnL, j}beL{ uf}8L) dWo] Ps . @= ;vsf] S;L . uf}0f lj) [;+)] != sg} csf]{ j:t' jf s
] t'ngfdf dxj, dfg, ljz]iftf cflb sd ePsf] d'Vo gePsf] ck|wfg (uf}0f pTkfbg, uf}0f
pBf]u O)) . @= d'Vo jf d"n cy{af6 leGg nfIfl0fs (uf}0f cy{, uf}0f efj O)) . #= u'
0f hfx] ug]{ u'0faf]ws . uf}td gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf ;fy cg'lrt ;DaGw ePsf sf0fn] cfgL
kTgL cxNofnfO{ >fk lbP kl5 fdrGb|n] p4f gu];Dd kTy kfllbg] Ps Clif Gofozf:qsf k|l;4
340

cfrfo{ k|0f]tf Ps Clif . @= af}4 wd{sf k|jt{s a'4sf] Ps gfd . #= ;Ktlif{dWo]sf P

s Clif jf tff . $= uf}td Clifsf] j+zdf hGd]sf] JolQm . uf]q gf) uf}td Clifsf] sn jf
j+zsf] uf]q clquf]q . > uf}tdL gf) != uf}tdsL kTgL cxNof . @= dxfeftk|l;4 s[kfrfo{s
L :qL . #= uf]bfjL gbL . uf}bfg gf) [;+) uf]bfg] sg} k'0osfo{ jf k|folZrQ cflbsf nf
lu zf:qLo ljlwn] a|fXd0fnfO{ ufO{ bfg ug]{ sd{ uf]bfg . uf}w ] s gf) [;+)] efn] s[i
0f;k{ kf]yL uf]xf]f]af6 k}bf ePsf] tyf To;n] 6f]sd ] f dflg; tTsfn d5{ eGg] atfOP
sf], 5]kffsf] 9asf] 6fpsf]b]lv k'R5;Dd ;]tf / sfnf 7f8f w;f{ b]lvg], u'nfkmL
sf] 7'6
f] k'R5 x'g] Ps laQfhlt nfdf] hGt' . uf}g gf) [;+) c
\) ufpg] k|foM kmlof jf u'lgpF n
ufpg pkof]u x'g]
\uLr
\uL a'f ePsf] Ps hftsf] sk8f . uf}gf gf) [ef])k')] lfudg . uf}d
L gf) [uf}d'vL] x]) uf]d'vL . uf}dv ' ] gf) [uf}d'v] != laxLFsf 5fF6sf kft x'g] Ps
hftsf] af]6 jf To;}df kmNg] r'Rrf] 3'Fu'lPsf] aLrdf vfN6f] k]sf] kmn . lj) @= ufO
{sf] h:tf] d'v ePsf] . uf}! lj) [;+)] != uf]f]
sf] ;]tf] uf]f] . @= rlDsnf] pHHjn
= kx]Fnf
. $= ;]tf]
%= s]z . ^= gkmf6]sf] v' x'g] d[u . uf}@ gf) g]kfnsf] gffo0f
Gtu{t kg]{ f}tx6 lhNnfsf] ;bd'sfd . uf}# gf) [c)] sg} ljifodf 3f]lP ulg] ;f]rljrf
dgg jf lrGtg . uf}j gf) [;+)] != u'? cyf{t\ dxfg\ x'gfsf] cj:yf jf efj dxj dlxdf uxls
f]kg uDeLtf . @= OHht cfb ;Ddfg k|lti7f . #= ux'|
\uf]kg efL x'gfsf] cj:yf . $= pbo
sif{ . zfnL lj) uf}j jf dlxdfn] o'Qm ;Ddflgt . > uf}jflGjt lj) uf}j ePsf] uf}jzfn
gf) [;+) uf}L] != kfj{tL uf}L . @= uf]f]
ePsL :qL . #= ;
\uLtdf Ps k|sfsf] flugL .
} dlxgfdf s[i0ffi6dLsf cl3Nnf] lbgb]lv vf; uL bfr'{nf, 88]nw'f lhNnflt afx'g, IfqL
7sLxff 5;ft lbg;Dd dgfOg] k|l;4 rf8 . > uf}f
\u gf) != lji0f' . @= lzj . #= r}tGo dx
. $= uf]f c
\u|]h . uf}f
\ugf gf) uf]f] j0f{sL o'f]kn ] L cfOdfO{ uf]fhfltsL :qL
uf]f] zL jf c\u ePsf] uf]f . ~ kfj{tL gf) k"jL{ g]kfnsf] bf]nvf lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps k|
xdlzv uf}Lz\s . ~ k"hg gf) uf}f (rf8) . uf}lof gf) !=df6fn] ag]sf] ;fgf] x'Ssf . @
sfsf]

341

uf}Lu|;g UofG6f] lj) [ ufG6f]] k'8\sf] 5f]6f]df]6f] . UofGtsf gf) uf]bfjL k"mnsf hft
ljleGg
df k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] k"mn . Uof]h gf) [c
\)] df]6x fVg] ;'lIft 7fpF jf 3
[c
\)] != of] sf oltv], o;} x'G5 jf x'Fb}g eGg] sfsf] 7f]sj f kSsfkSsL ekTof .
f lau|g,] gfl;g] jf xflggf]S;fgL gx'g] ljZjf;sf lglDt lbOg] jrg To;L sg} vf; cjlwsf
lglDt lnOg] dfnsf] :yfloTj pDbfkgsf] lhDd]jfL . Uofng gf) [c\ ) ] sg} tn kbfy{sf] nu
u Ps kfyLafasf] kldf0f jf gfkf] . Uofln gf) [;]kf{)] ;gO{h:tf] tfdfsf] ;f]emf] cfsfsf
lxdfnL ;]kf{ nfdfxdf k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] afhf . (nfdf]5f]6f] b'j} k|sfsf] x'g] of] a
fhf wfld{s sfo{ tyf k"hfcfhfdf k'ms] ahfOG5) . UofnL gf) [c\)] != 5fkfvfgfdf sDkf]h
ePsf 6fOk ;hfpg] ls:tL 5fkfls:tL . @= To;L kftf afFWg'eGbf klxn] 5kfOz'l4 x]g{ lg
sflnPsf] d'lb|t cIf (k|k ' m) . ofs gf) 5fkfsf ls:tLx fVg] bfh . u|lyt lj) [;+)] !
lwPsf] plgPsf] ufFl;Psf] . @= rgf ulPsf] agfOPsf] lrt . #= uf9f t'NofOPsf] hdfOPsf]
Gy gf) [;+)] != k':ts lstfa . @= klxn]klxn] kl9;s]kl5 kftfx af;f afFw] fVg] ulPsf] k
s jf lstfa . #= ;flxlTos, eflifs cflb b[li6n] sg} dxjk"0f{ 7"nf] k':ts . $= ufF7f]
u|lGy . stf{ gf) u|Gy jf k':ts n]Vg] JolQm u|Gysf . sf gf) u|Gystf{ . g gf) !=
kf] hf]8\g] sfd . @= uF;fO pGg] sfd . #= u|Gy jf k':tssf] rgf ug]{ sfd . kfn gf) k':
sfnosf] cWoIf k':tsfnofWoIf nfOa|]log . > u|Gyfno gf) u|Gy jf k':tsx flvg] 7fpF jf 3
tsfno . u|GyfjnL gf) Pp6} 7fpFaf6 ;do;dodf k|sflzt x'g] Ps k|sf jf Ps} ju{sf k':ts
xsf] z[\vnf u|Gydfnf . u|lGy gf) [;+)] != wfuf], 8f]L cflbdf k]sf] jf kflPsf] ufF7f]
@= aGwg . #= pv', afF; cflbsf] cfFVnf] . $= b'O{ c\usf] hf]gL{ . %= jfo' cflbsf]
ljsfn] ufF7fufF7f k] k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . ^= zLleq sf]iff0f'sf] of]un] ag]sf] k|
ufF7f] . ~ aGwg gf) != b'O{ jf w]} j:t'nfO{ ufF7f] kf] Ps;fy fVg] sfd ufF7f] afFWg] s
d . @= ljjfxdf jaw"sf aLr k:k 3lgi7 ;DaGw sfod ePsf] ;"lrt ug{ b'j}tkm{sf sk8fsf] 5]
p afFWg] sfd nugufF7f] . d"n gf) hfdf ufF7f k] kmNg] n;'g, Kofh, ;nud cflb tsfL] h
jg:klt sGbd"n . u|;g gf) [;+)] != vfg] jf lgNg] sfd ef]hg . @= ;dfpg]

df]6f] sk8f . #= k|foM kfgL nfluxg] v]tdf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] dl;gf] wfg . uf}L gf) [;+)
] != kfj{tL . @= cf7 jif{sL sGof . #= uf]f] j0f{sL :qL . $= ;]tf] b"af] . ~ ufO{ g
f) df]6fdf]6f l; x'g] tL l;sf] hnxL agfP lzjln\udf cleif]s ulg] Ps hftsf] h\unL u
rGbg gf) ftf] rGbg . ~ a]t gf) Ps k|sfsf] a]t . ~ z\s gf) != lzjkfj{tL . @= bf]nvf
nfdf x]sf] &,!$^ ld6 cUnf] Ps k|l;4 lxdlzv uf}fkfj{tL . #= b'O{ ]vf jf b'O{ d'v ePsf]
?b|fIf . > uf}LZj gf) != lzjkfj{tLsf] ;+o'Qm k c4{gfLZj . @= lzj dxfb]j . uf}? gf
ufpFsf] d'lvofeGbf tnsf] Ps kb ufpFdf x}sd ePsf] JolQm jf 7fn' . kftL gf) Ps k|sfsf
] v . uf}nt ] f] gf) vf]N;fvf]N;L l;d k]sf 7fpFdf knfpg] dl;gf kft x'g] Ps e'OFemf .
uf}nf]rg gf) x]) uf]f]rg . uf}lNds gf) [;+)] != lnR5ljsfnLg ;'Iffrf}sLsf] clwsfL ;}l
s u'Ndsf] gfos . lj) @= u'Nd;DaGwL . uf}zfnf gf) [;+)] != uf]zfnf . @= sf7df8f}F
pkTosf dxf]QL lhNnfdf x]sf k|Voft a:tL . uf}xTof gf) [;+) uf]xTof] uf]xTof uf]jw . U
ofr ] lj) != hLp8fn ;fgf] ePsf] u'OF7] k'8\s] u7f] . @= uw{g 5f]6f] ePsf] e'G6f] . U
; gf) [c
\) uf6{] df]hf fd|L c8fpgsf lglDt lk8f}Fnfdfly afFlwg], tGsg] v'lDrg] lkmQf
Uof7! gf) [UofFl6;] a wfuf] ldnfO{ a'g]sf] tflgg] v'lDrg] lkmQf UofFl6; . Uof7@
F7] ] != sg} ufF7f] k]sf] jf 8Nnf] j:t' . @= 7"nf] kf]sf] jf aG8n . sf]kLuf]eL gf) u
fG6] d"nfsf 5fF6sf] tsfL vfOg], af]6sf] dfl:t 8Nnf] x'g] Ps hftsf] uf]eL . Uof7jfn l
) [UofF7jfn] lkmQfsf] ;f Uofl6; nufOPsf] UofF7 ePsf] (h'Qf) . Uof; gf) [c
) Uof;] ;fdf
o tfkdfgdf tn jf 7f]; kdf kl0ft gx'g] jfo'tj ljz]if u'0fo'Qm jfo' . ~ OGwg gf) afkmaf
tof ulPsf] OGwgsf] ;fwg jfikzlQm . r'nf] gf) UofF;af6 aNg] jf rNg] r'nf] . UofOFUof
O lqm) lj) [c) d") UofOF (l))] != w]} dflg; Ps} ;fy af]Nbf c:ki6 zAb cfpg] uL . gf) @
= w]} dflg;xn] Ps} ;fy af]Nbfsf] cfjfh vnan . Uofr'
uf
gf) [ef])a)] g]kfnsf] ;f]n'v'Da
lhNnfdf kg]{ &,(@@ ld6 cUnf] Ps lxdlzv .

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

u|l;tu|fDo sfd kqmfp . #= ufF; a'hf] . $= kmlnt Hof]ltifcg';f b; k|sfsf u|x0fdWo] cle
dfgLxsf] ktg jf gfzsf] kmn dflgg] v08u|x0f . u|l;t lj) [;+)] != d'vdf xfn] lglnPsf]
vfOPsf] . @= ufF; xflnPsf] . #= ;dfltPsf] klqmPsf] cF7fOPsf] . u|:t lj) [;+)] != ;df
ltPsf] klqmPsf] cF7fOPsf] . @= kLl8t b'Mlvt (Hju|:t cflb) . #= vfOPsf] lglnPsf] . $=
|l;t . > u|:tf:t gf) u|x0f nfUbfnfUb} jf k"0f{ df]If geO{sg} ;"o{ jf rGb|df c:t x
'g] u|x0f . u|:tf]bo gf) u|x0f nfu]sf] cj:yfd} ;"o{ jf rGb|df pbfPsf] cj:yf . u|x
gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ ;"o{sf jlkl 3'Dg] ;f}o{kljfs} cfsfzLo lk08 (;"o,{ rGb|, d
\un, a'w,
u'?, z'qm, zlg, fx' s]t) ' . @= ;"o{sf] klqmdf ug]{ tff . #= lng] jf ;dfTg] sfd u|x0
f . $= gf} u|xsf cfwfdf gf} ;
\Vofsf] ;"rs zAb . %= gf} c
\u'n, gf} dfqf, k|fb]z, ;"qf
jf zlQmafasf] gfk . ~ ult gf) != dflg;sf] efUonfO{ jzdf fVg] jf k|efljt ug]{ egL dfl
gPsf gf} u|xsf] rfn jf ult . @= z'e jf cz'e efUo lbgbzf . ~ uf]r gf) hGds08nLcg';f u|
xsf] z'efz'e kmn . u|x0f gf) [;+)] != lng] jf ;dfTg] sfd . @= sg} sf] :jLsf ug]{ jf d
fGg] k|lqmof :jLsf . #= ;Demg] jf a'g] rfn . $= ;"o{nfO{ rGb|dfn] 5]Sbf jf rGb|dfdf
k[YjLsf] 5fof kbf{ b]lvg] sfnf] 5fof pkfu . stf{ lj) != ;dfTg] kqmg] . @= lng] k|fK
ug]{ . #= :jLsf ug]{ k|flKt ug]{ . u|x0fL gf) [;+)] != clUg jf lkQsf] d'Vo cfwf dfl
gPsf] kSjfzo cfdfzosf aLrsf] Ps gf8L . @= vfPsf] kbfy{ gkr] nuftf lb;f nfUg] Ps f]u
lt;f . u|x0fLo lj) [;+)] != u|x0f ug{ plrt :jLsf ug{ of]Uo lng nfos . @= lgod jf ljlw
cg'j"mn . u|xltns gf) [;+)] ljjfxdf k'f]lxtn] dGqjfrg ub}{ cflzif\ lbP b'nxfb'nxLnf
O{ kfn}l;t nufOg] 6Lsf . u|xbzf gf) [;+)] != hGds08nLsf sg} :yfgdf x]sf u|xsf k|efjn
] dflg;nfO{ x'g] z'e jf cz'e kl0ffd . @= vfa lbg b'ef{Uo . #= u|xuf]rsf] l:ylt . u|xb
f]if gf) [;+)] ;"o{, rGb| cflb u|xsf l:yltaf6 x'g] vfa kmn u|xultsf] bf]if . u|xgfo
s gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ . @= zlgZr . u|xd}qL gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifcg';f ljjfxsf nflu le8fOg
] j jw"sf u|xsf :jfdLsf] ldqtf jf cg'j"mntf . u|xo1 gf) [;+)] u|xxsf] pu|tf jf k|sf
]ksf] zflGtsf nflu ulg] k"hf jf o1 . u|xo'4 gf) [;+)] ;"o{l;4fGtsf cg';f a'w, a[x:k
lt, z'qm,
342

zlg jf d\undWo] sg} Ps u|xsf] rGb|dfsf ;fy cyjf pQm u|xdf sg} b'O{ u|xsf] Ps};fy Pp
6} flzsf] Pp6} c+zdf Psq eP/ vfa kl0ffd lbg] of]u . u|xof]u gf) [;+)] Ps} flzsf] Ps}
c+z jf 38Ldf PseGbf a9L u|x Pslqt x'g] l:ylt . u|xfh gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ . @= rGb|df
. #= a[x:klt . u|xzflGt gf) [;+)] != u|xxsf] bf]if x6fpgsf lglDt ulg] u|xsf] k"hf
jf o1 . @= ljjfxa|taGw cflb z'e sfo{df u|xsf] ;Defljt cli6 zfGt kfg{ ulg] k"hf . #=
u|xsf] k|sf]k zfGt x'g] cj:yf jf efj . u|x:j gf) [;+)] fuflugL ufpFbf ;j{k|yd k|fDe
ulg] :j . u|xLtJo lj) [;+)] lng nfos u|x0f ug{ of]Uo . u|fkm gf) [c\)] ul0ft, ;fogzf
cflbsf] k|0ffnL hfx] ug]{ lrXg;Fu ;DalGwt ]vflrq ]vfTds lrq n]vflrq . u|fe]n gf) [c\
;8sdf sfnf]kq nfpg'eGbf klxn] la5fOg] f]8f jf 9'\ufsf 6'qmf6fqmL . > u|fe]ln gf) ;8sd
f sfnf]kq nfpg'eGbf klxn] f]8f jf s\lqm6 e] a'N8f]hn] k]Ng] sfd . u|fd! gf) [c\)] !%
@ u|]g cyjf )=)( tf]nfsf] dfg . u|fd@ gf) [;+)] != ;fgf];fgf] a:tL ufpF . @= hdft ;d
"x ;d'bfo . #= ;\uLtdf jf jfBjfbg ufog cflbdf k|of]u x'g] z'4 ;ft :jxsf] ;d"x ;Kt:j
s . (o;sf tLg v08 5g\ if8h, dWod ufGwf . oL qmdzM dGb, dWo tLj| cyjf gGBfjt{, hLd"
t ;'eb| klg elgG5g\) . $= lnR5ljsfnLg a:tLsf] ;a}eGbf tNnf] txsf] PsfO tn . ~ b]j
tf gf) ufpFsf b]jtf ufpFsf] Iffsf lglDt :yfkgf ulPsf jf ufpFdf k"hf ulg] b]jtf . jf;
lj) ufpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ ufpFsf] afl;Gbf ufpFn] . ~ ;ldlt gf) ufpFsf] ;ef jf ;ldlt uf
pF;ldlt . u|fdL0f lj) [;+)] != ufpFsf] u|fd;Fu ;DalGwt . @= c;Eo uFjf . #= ufpFn] u|f
djf;L . ~ pBf]u gf) ufpF3df rnfOg] ;fgfvfn] pBf]u ufpFsf afl;Gbfn] yf]} nfutdf ug{ ;
Sg] ;fgf] lsl;dsf] 3]n' pBf]u n3'pBf]u . u|fdf]Gd'vL lj) [;+)] != ufpFlt kms]{sf] ufp
Ftkm{ e'ms]sf] . @= ufpFsf] enfO rfxg] u|fdL0f hgtfl;t ;DalGwt . u|fdf]kmf]g gf) [
c\)] uf]n nfxfsf rSsfdf elPsf] uLt oflGqs k|0ffnLff ;'O{n] sf]t] ahfOg] kmf]gafhf . u
fDo lj) [;+)] != ufpF;u F ;DaGw fVg] ufpFsf] . @= ufpFn] u|fdL0f . #= uFjf c;Eo . $=
mf]xf] cZnLn (zAb) . %= 3kfnf (kz') . ~ sd{ gf) ufpFnx ] sf] sfd jf k];f ufpFsf] sfds
h . @= :qLk|;\u . ~ bf]if gf) clzi6 zAbsf] k|of]u x'b F f kg]{ sfJosf] bf]if . ~ w
d{ gf) != ufpFsf]

343

u|f;UjfDd u]kl5 ;'? tnadfly dfl;s kdf kfpg] yk sd jflif{s j[l4 . ~ f]Ssf gf) sd{rfL
pg] dfl;s j]tgdfly jif}{lkR5] yk lglZrt sd f]Ssf x'g] sfd . ~ j[l4 gf) sd{rfLn] dfl;
s kdf kfpg] j]tgdfly jif}{lkR5] ylkg] jflif{s j[l4df cltlQm kn] c jif{sf] klg x'g] y
kj[l4 . u|]g gf) [c\)] emG8} cfwf QLsf] c\u|]hL tf}n . u|]gfO6 gf) [c\)] s8f, 6nsbf
f v}f] sf] cfUg]o rfg . u|i } du|l } ids lj) [;+)] != u|Lidsf] u|Lid Ct';DaGwL . @=
id Ct'df f]lkg] jf kfSg] (cGg) . Uo|fh'P6 gf) [c\)] sg} ljZjljBfnoaf6 zf:qL, aL) P),
aL) sd), aL) P:;L) jf tT;dsIf sg} kLIff pQL0f{ uL :gfts pkflw k|fKt u]sf] JolQm :gft
s . Unflg gf) [;+)] != zfLls jf dfgl;s lzlyntf ysfO ysfj6 . @= sg} sfdsf] vfaL rfn k
'g] k5'tf] dfgl;s v]b kZrfQfk . #= xtf]T;fx cg'T;fx . Unf; gf) [c\)] != x]) lunf; . @
=sfFr l;;f . Un'sf]h gf) [c\)] kfgLdf ofn] jf To;} vfFbf leq zLtn kfg]{ lrgL, c\u' c
af6 f;folgs k|lqmofn] agfOPsf] u'lnof] tfultnf] w"nf] . Unf]a gf) [c\)] k[YjLsf] cf
sfdf ag]sf] af6'nf] dfglrq k[YjL jf tff;d"xsf] 8Nnf] gS;f . Ujfs gf) [g]jf)] r
\ufsf b
O{ kv]6fsf] jhg ldnfpg Psflt c8\sfOg] sfutsf] 6'qmf] . Ujfu ] lj) [UjfFuf]P] n7]kf |
] Ujf
\u]| . Ujfuf] gf) n7]k|f] Ujf
\u|f] . Ujfr ] lj) k'8\sf] sbsf] UofFr] . Ujfh
k|f] kffsf] UjfFu] . Ujfs gf) != v]tdf sfGnfd'lgsf] kf]tn ] f sfGnfd'lg lgl:sPsf] hl
dg . @= afbn, sOf] a9L nfUg] 7fpFdf sf]bfsf] afnf, ds}sf 3f]uf cflb ;'sfpg lglZrt
7fpFdf yGSofpg] sfd . > Ujfs] gf) wfgsf af]6df nfUg] Ps hftsf] sLf] . UjfSs lqm) lj
) [c) d") Ujfs\s] ePesf] Ps}rf]l6 lbP jf kfP 8Ss UjfDd . | ] P] Ujf
u|f] . Ujf
u| ]
uf Ujf
\uf | ] lj) fd|fl] ;t af]Ng g;Sg] n7]kf |] . UjfRr lqm) lj) [c) d") Ujfr\r] !=
Ss ldnfP (h'jfdf w]} ?lkofFk; } f yfKg] lsl;d) . @= nfkaf{xL;Fu (Psd':6 k};f lbg] j
f lng] rfn) . #= PSsfl; (lxnf], vfN6f] cflbdf ufl8g] lsl;d) . UjfbUjfb gf) [c) d"
) Ujfb\(l))] eft 58\sFbfsf] zAb . UjfDd lqm) lj) [c) d") Ujfd\d'] != Psd':6 kfL w]}

ufpFn]xsf] rfnrng jf wd{ . @= v]tL ls;fgL . ~ kz' gf) dflg;sf glhsdf xg] ufO{a:t', s
;'Fu' cflb 3kfnf kz' . u|f; gf) [;+)] != vfFbfv]l Ps k6sdf d'vdf xflng]hlt ef]Ho j:t'
ufF; a'hf] . @= lgNg] sfd . #= ;dfTg] jf kqmg] sfd u|x0f . $= u|:t c+zsf] b[li6af6
elgg], rGb| jf ;"o{sf] u|x0fsf] l:ylt (v08u|f;, vu|f;, ;j{u|f; cflb) . u|fx gf)
[;+)] != uf]xL 3l8ofn . @= kqmg] sfd u|x0f . #= ;"o{ rGb|dfdf nfUg] u|x0f . $= wf0f
f 1fg ;dem . u|fxs lj) [;+)] != lng] ;dfpg] . gf) @= d"No lt] sg} j:t' lsGg] JolQm
. u|fxL lj) [;+)] != lng] jf u|x0f ug]{ . @= kqmg] ;dfTg] . #= cfbk"j{s :jLsf ug]{
(u'0fu|fxL, ;u|fxL O)) . $= lb;f jf dn f]Sg] uf]6f kg]{ slAhot ug]{ (cf}ifwL) . u|fx
j) [;+)] != u|x0f ug{ nfos lng of]Uo . @= OlGb|on] b]Vg jf ;'Gg ;lsg] OlGb|ou|fXo
. #= cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] a'g jf hfGg ;lsg] . lu|s lj) [c
\)] != o'gfg b]z cyjf ToxfFsf lg
jf;L;Fu ;DalGwt o'gfgL . gf) @= o'gfg b]zsf afl;Gbf . #= o'gfg b]zsf] k|frLg efif
f . lu|h gf) [c
\)] d]l;g cflbnfO{ 3f]l6P lvOgaf6 arfpgsf nflu xfNg] Eofl:ngh:tf] n]
bf] lrNnf] kbfy{ . lu|dfNbL dfgj gf) k|mfG;sf] clws[t If]q dflgPsf] u'kmfdf !()!
O)df kfOPsf] k|frLg dfgj cg]s dfgjsf] pkhflt . lu|;n ] L gf) != eff]kn ] L kljfsf] s
'd \ ju{leq kg]{ Ps efiff . lj) @= lu|;sf] lgjf;L, lu|; b]z;Fu ;DalGwt . u|Ls lj)
[c\)] x]) lu|s . u|Ljf gf) [;+)] 6fpsf] w8nfO{ hf]8\g] c\u 3fF6L ub{g . > u|LjL lj)
nfdf] fd|f] 3fF6L x'g] . gf) @= pF6 . u|Lid gf) [;+)] != 5 Ct'dWo] Hofb} udL{ x'g
] bf];|f] Ct' h]7 c;f dlxgf udL{ df};d . @= udL{ tfk . ~ Ct' gf) != udL{sf] ;do . @=
5 Ct'dWo] bf];|f] Ct' . ~ sfn gf) u|Lid Ct'sf] ;do udL{ ofd . ~ sfnLg lj) u|Lidsfnl
;t ;DalGwt udL{ ofdsf] udL{sf] df};ddf ePsf] . ~ qmflGt gf) ;"o{ ss{6 ]vfdf k'Ug] h"
g dlxgfsf] PSsfO;f}F lbg pQL uf]nf4{df ;aeGbf nfdf] lbg . hf gf) g]jfL k"mn gjdlNnsf
. > u|Lidfjsfz gf) udL{ k|bz ] df sd{rfL, ljBfyL{ cflbnfO{ lgodfg';f u|Lid Ct'df x'
g] jf lbOg] labf udL{sf] labf av]{ 5'L . u|'; [c\)] afx| bh{gsf] ;d'bfo Ps ;o rjfnL;
fg uGtLsf] ;d"x . u|8 ] gf) [c\)] :yfoL sd{rfLn] x]s cfly{s jif{ e'Qmfg

c:\Sabdkosh\Ga.p65

UjfUjfUjfxf lng] jf lbg] lsl;dn] UjfRr . @= :jf xft xfn] c6fP;Dd lemSg] rfndf . #= ck
m{6;Fu lxnf], vfN6f] cflbdf ufl8g] uL . UjfUjf lqm) lj) [c) d") Ujf\ c(l))] != Ujf z
ftf cfpg] uL (af6'nf rLhaLh, cgfh cflb vGofpFbf jf vaf6 w]} kmn e'OFdf v:tf zAb cfpg
] lsl;d) . @= w]} dflg; bu'] . > UjfUjftLUjfUjfL lqm) lj) cem UjfUjf;Fu . Ujf{
") Ujf\ ] Ujf zAb Ps} rf]l6 lg:sg] rfndf . UjffdL gf) [g]jf)] kL7f] 8Nnf] kfL k'mf}
uL ksfOg] ljz]if k|sfsf] f]6L .
344

Ujfrf{ gf) [g]jf)] kfgLf]6L . Ujfnf{Dd lqm) lj) [c) Ujfnf{d\ d] kvf{n, leQf] jf tx ld
nfO{ flvPsf] j:t' PSsfl; 9Ng] lsl;d;Fu . Ujfnf gf) [;+) uf]kfn] ufO{a:t' kfn] hLljs
f rnfpg] Ps hflt clx . UjfnL gf) [g]jf)] != h'Qfsf] v'f, lxn jf ss{Rrf . @= ssR { r
jfnf] gf) [;+) uf]kfn] x]) Ujfnf . UjfNn lqm) lj) [c) d") Ujfn\ n] kfgL aUbfsf] h:tf
] \ ,] k]6 sfpg] cflb lsl;d) . cfjfh cfpg] uL (u'8g Ujfxf gf) [ ujfx] x]) ujfx . > U
jfxL gf) ujfxL ;fIfL .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

345
33Rsf

3
3 != b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] rf}yf] Jo~hg
j0f{ s07\o:yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g], :kzL{, ;3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ sju{sf] rf}yf] j
0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg 3/h:tf] 3 . @= n]vfOsf qmddf
ljifoj:t'sf] juL{s/0f jf ljefhg, pkljefhgsf lglDt Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|of]u ul/Fbf lb
Og] qmdaf]ws rf}yf] lrXg . 3unf gf) [g]jf)] pkTosfdf nfv]gfr fIf;xsf] gfr ubf{ sDddf
afFw] tyf kxf8lt wfdLemfFqmLn] klg sfFw sddf le] ahfpg] rfFkeGbf 7"nf] cfsfsf] tfn
. 3uf? gf) ;;fgf kft kx]Fnf] s]z x'g], ;]tf ;fgf k"mn k'mNg], uf]nf jf af6'nf kmn k
mNg] clg 7"n7"nf sfF8f x'g] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn 3
f? . 3l;gL gf) [3fF;OgL] 3fF; sf6
\g] :qL 3fF; sf6] hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ :qL . 3l;nf] lj) [3fF;Onf]] 3fF; x'g] k|z:t 3fF;
g] . 3;j ' f lj) [3fF;pjf] sf6]sf] 3fF; v'jfP k|foM afFw] kflnPsf] xlof]klof] 3fF;
(ufO{a:t') . 3;]6f3;]6L gf) [3F;6 ] f]3F;6 ] f]] v;Lafv|f, ufO{a:t' cflbn] 8fn]3fF;s
f kfthlt vfO;s] afFsL x]sf 8fFVnf8'FVnLsf] ;d"x . 3;6 ] f] gf) [3fF;P6f]] afv|fkf7f j
f ufO{a:t'n] kft vfO;s] afFsL x]sf] 8fn]3fF;sf] 8fFVnf] . 3;g ] L gf) [3fF;PgL] 3fF;
w]} ePsf] 7fpF 3fF;3 } fF; ePsf] hUuf . 3:ofO gf) [ 3:ofp (cfO)] 3F:ofpg] sfd 3fF;
g] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3:ofOg' s) lqm) 3F:ofpg] sfd ulg' . 3:ofpg' ;) lqm) [3fF;of
'] 3fF; v'jfpg] sfd ug'{ 3fF; v'jfpg' . 3:of}6f] gf) [3fF;of}6f]] != 3fF;sf] 8fFVnf]
3fF;kftsf] lemqmflemqmL . 3fF; v'jfP kflng] kz' . 3sf gf) [;+)] 3 cIf sju{sf] rf}yf]
f{ . 3sfnf] gf) afaf6 leq gl5f];\ eGgfsf lglDt sf7sf] lqsf]0ffsf h:tf] agfO{ ;'Fu'sf
3fF6Ldf nufOg] j:t' Ps k|sfsf] k]?
\uf] . 3Uu]fgL gf) jlkl s]6fs]6Lsf] 3]f nfUg] a
]sf gfOs]n] cfgf uf]8f 5'Fb} olt olt kfgL eGbf 3]f nfu] a:g]xn] qmd};u F tnb]lv dfly;
dsf ljleGg c
\u b]vfpFb} 3Uu]fgL eg] v]Ng] Ps v]n . (o; v]ndf gfOs]n] 6fpsfdf xft k'of
kl5 c ;a} efU5g\ . gfOs] ltgLxnfO{ nv]6\5) . 3
3
gf) [c) d") 3
\c (l))] != ef]6] s's'
L s's'sf e'sfOsf] zAb . @= 3fF6Ldf skm elPsf cj:yfdf k|foM a"9f] dfG5]n] vf]Stfsf]
cfjfh . #= vf]nf] u8u8fP sfpFbfsf] zAb . 3
f? gf)x]) 3Fuf? . 3r gf) != kf]lvg, 9f]lng
, nf]l6g cflb ;Dej x'g] cK7]f] 7fpF wfk . @= lyrfO, 7]nfO cflb hgfpg] zAb 3Rrf . #=
s'g} s'fsf] ljrf hf]vgf . 3rSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 3r\> 3rs\s] s'g} j:t' PsfPs f]lsg] jf
cl8g] lsl;d 3rs zAb j]u cfpg] uL . (pbf) df]6 3rSs f]lsof]) . 3r3r lqm) lj) [c) d")
\c (l))] ofn9f]sf cflb xNnfpFbf zAb lg:sg] rfndf . > 3r3lrg' c) lqm) 3r3r x'g' . 3r3
RofO 3r3Rofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3r3RofOg' s) lqm) afaf 3r]l6g' . 3r3Rofpg' ;) lqm)
!= afaf xNnfpg' km]lkm]l 3r]6\g' jf 7]Ng' . @= lapFemfpgnfO{ afaf zLdf wSsf lbg' j
g' . #= vf]Ngsf nflu ofn9f]sf cflb xNnfpg' . 3r3Rofx6 gf) 3r3Rofpg] lsl;d, lqmof j
f l:ylt . 3rdr gf) [c) d") 3r\c (l))] eL8 eO{ x'g] 7]nd7]n 3GrdGr 3'OFrf] . 3rff] gf
3r]6 \ cff]] c6fO{gc6fO{ x'g] vfFbfvfFb 3'Or F f] 3r3r 7]nd7]n . 3lrnf]! lj) [3r Onf
kg]{ rfnsf] 3rnfUbf] . 3lrnf]@ lj) [3Rr Onf]] 3Rrf nfUg] 6fFl;P 7]Ng] ;fF3 ' f] . 3r
g' ;) lqm) != s'g} j:t' jf JolQmnfO{ ;dft] 7]Ng' 3r3Rofpg' ws]Ng' 3Rof6\g' . @= ank"
j{s 7]n] st}lt ;fg'{ x6fpg' . > 3r]6fO gf) 3r]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3r]6fOg' s) lqm
) 3r]6\g nfOg' . 3r]6fpg' k|) ] lqm) 3r]6g \ nfpg' 7]nfpg' . 3r]6f3r]6 gf) k:kdf 3r]6
g \ ] sfd k:ksf] 3r]6fO . 3r]6fx6 gf) 3r]6g \ ] sfd . 3r]6fxf lj) 3r]6g \ ] sfd ug]{
k]nfxf . 3r]l6g' s) lqm) 3r]6g \ ] sfd ulg' 7]lng' . 3r]6f] gf) 3r]6fO 7]nfO wSsf . 3
sf gf) [ 3f]r\] cnfO{ kL kg]{ uL jf 5]85f8 u] elgg] s'f 3f]rk]r 3Rrf . kRsf gf
3f]r] jf laemfP eGg] sfd 3f]rk]r 5]85f8 .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3Rsf]3l6t 3Rsf] gf) [3Rrfsf]] s'g} s'fdf cfOkg]{ lagafwf c8\sf] . 3Rrf gf) [k|f) 3:;
;+) 3if{] != dsf{ kg]{ uL 6fFl;P 7]Ng] sfd eL8 3rff] . @= wSsf afwf . 3RrL gf) !=
7]nf7]n . @= h'wfh'w s':tfs':tL . 3RRofO gf) 3RRofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3RRofOg' s
) lqm) 3Rrf lbOg' ws]lng' . 3RRofpg' ;) lqm) Psn] csf{nfO{ 3Rrf lbg' ws]Ng' wSsf lbg
' . 3RRofx6 gf) 3RRofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3Rofs3Rofs lqm) lj) [c) d") 3Rofs\c (l))] o
fn 9f]sf cflb nuftf xNnfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . 3Rofs3'r's gf) [c) d") 3Rofs\ c (l))] k
] GsfGsL cfk'm;sf] n8Gt xftld;fld; . 3RofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 3Rofs\ s] ofn9f]sf cflb
fpFbf jf vf]Nbf Ps} kN6 cfjfh cfpg] uL . 3Rof6\g' ;)lqm)x]) 3r]6\g' . 36\g'! c) lqm)
[k|f) 3O{ g'] != s'g} j:t' w]a } f6 yf]} x'g' 36L x'g' sd x'g' 5f]l6g' . @= dfl;g' v
g' . #= b'Anf] x'g' . 36\g'@ c) lqm) [36 g'] != 36gf x'g' s'g} ljifo 3l6t x'g' ;+of]un
] s]xL sfd x'g' . @= bfFHg' ldNg' . #= b[i6fGt jf pbfx0f lbg' . 36 gf) [;+)] != ufu
|f] 38f . @= xfQLsf] u08:yn . #= x[bo . $= s'Deflz . 36s lj) [;+)] != aLrdf xg] dWo:y
. gf) @= laxf cflbsf] sfd ldnfpg] ndL . #=rnfsL;fy cfgf] sfd l;4 ug]{ JolQm w"t{
JolQm . $= s'g} 36gf 36fpg] sf0ftj ;+rgf jf lgdf{0ftjsf] vf; cjoj . 36sk{ gf) [;+)]
mdflbTosf ;efsf gjTgdWo] Ps tyf k|l;4 dxfsljsf] gfd . 36sf gf) [;+)] df6fsf efF8f a
gfpg], s'dfn] . 3636 lqm) lj) [c) d") 36\ c (l))] 7f8f] 3fF6L nfP kfgL, dxL cflb emf]
no'Qm kbfy{ wdfwd vfg] uL jf ;f] vfFbf cfjfh cfpg] rfnn] . > 3636L lqm) lj) cem l5
6f] jf lgGt x'g] 3636 . 36g gf) [;+)] != k|of; k|oTg . @= ;+of]u d]n . #= lgdf{0f rg
$= 36gf . 36gf gf) [;+)] != cs:dft\ ePsf] s'g} klg s'f] jf sfafO{ sf08 kj{ . @= dflk
jfbft . ~ qmd gf) 36gfsf] l;nl;nf . ~ rqm gf) != 36gfxsf] tftDo 36gfkDkf . @= 36gfx
"x . ~ k|wfg lj) j:t'kIfk|wfg rlq, dgf]bzf cflbeGbf a9L 36gf syfj:t'nfO{ k|wfgtf lb
OPsf] (s[lt) . > 36gfjnL gf) 36gfxsf] ;d"x jf z[\vnf 36gfrqm 36gfhfn . ~ j[Q gf) s'g}
klg k|sfsf 36gf 36]sf s'fsf]
346

l;nl;n]jf j[QfGt jf ljj0f . ~ j[Q clen]v gf) 36gf;DaGwL ljj0f n]lvPsf] n]vf]6 . ~ :y
n gf) 36gf 36]sf] jf jfbft ePsf] 7fpF . 36a9 gf) [36 a9] 36\g] a9\g] sfd 36La9L sda]
. 36dfg gf) [;+)] k'm6s sljtf rgf ug{ ;kmn t k|aGw sfJosf] rgfdf ;kmn x'g g;s]sf] d'S
ts slj . 36jfbg gf) [;+)] tanf ahfPem}F uL df6fsf] ufu|f] ahfpg] sfd . 36jf] gf) [3f
6 jf P] != 3f6df a:g] JolQm 3f6] . @= vf]nf, gbLdf 8'\uf tfg]{ JolQm dfemL dnfxf . #=
sf] 7]Ssf p7fpg] jf hDdf ug]{ JolQm . $= jghfFrsf] rf}sLdf a:g] sd{rfL . 36:yfkgf
gf) [;+)] != gf} lbg;Dd b'uf{sf] k"hf ug{sf nflu cflZjg z'Sn k|ltkbfsf lbg 36 (s
nz) :yfkgf ug]{ sfd . @= s'g} klg wfld{s lqmof jf b]jb]jLsf k"hfsf] cfof]hgfdf l
jlwk"js { ulg], kfgL elPsf] 38fsf] :yfkgf . 36f gf) [;+)] != k|oTg pBf]u . @= ;d"x .
#= d]3sf] ;d"x d]3dfnf . 36fO gf) [ 36\ (cfO)] != 36\g] jf 36L x'g] lqmof k|lqmof .
@= 36gf 36\g] jf ldNg] lqmofk|lqmof . > 36fOg' s) lqm) != 36\g] kflg' sd ulg' . @= 36
gf 36\g] kflg' bfFHg] jf ldNg] ufOg' . 36fp gf) != 36L x'g] rfn . @= 36fpg] sfd jf l
qmof . #= ul0ftdf a9L ;\Vofaf6 csf]{ ;\Vof lemSg] jf sd ug]{ k|lqmof . > 36fpg' k|)
] lqm) != 36\g] kfg'{ sd ufpg' . @= dfl;g] jf vr{ x'g] kfg'{ . #= 5f]6f] x'g] kfg
'{ 5f]fpg' . $= b'Anf] t'Nofpg' . %= 7"nf] c\s jf flz s6fpg' . ^= 36gf 36\g] kfg'{ .
;) lqm) &= bfFlhg], ldNg] jf b[i6fGt, pbfx0f cflb lbg] sfd ug'{ . 36fsfz gf) [;+)]
38fleq x]sf] cfsfz 38fleqsf] vfnL 7fpF . 36f36 gf) [36\ cf 36\] != dfn;fdfg lnnfd ubf{
jf lnFbflbFbf Psn] csf] bfFhf]df sd ug]{ jf 36fpg] sfd . @= l;ls:t lafdL ePsf] l:y
lt cflvL cj:yf l36Ll36L . > 36f36L gf) 36f36 . 36f6f]k gf) [;+)] != afbnsf] d]x]f] d
fnf . @= tfdbfg jf Dofgfsf] 9fSg] kbf{ emfkg . 3l6s gf) [;+)] != kfgLsf] 38f lng]
JolQm . @= wd{zfnf, kf6Lkf}jf cflbdf kfgL v'jfpg] JolQm . 3l6sf gf) [;+)] != rf}aL
; ldg]6sf] ;do 38L . @= kLFwdf ePsf ;fgf Kjfnaf6 kfgL l5] rf}aL; ldg]6df 8'Ag] hnkf
q . #= ;fgf] 38f e'F8\sf] . 3l6t lj) [;+)] != 36gf 36]sf] jf ePsf] . @= agfOPsf] lrt
. #= nIodf nIf0f ldnfOPsf] . $= cy{ 7Ls ePsf] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

347

3l6g'3t nflu lh2L ulxg] f]ofOF ug]{ x7L . 3838f] lj) cfgf] sfd kmQ] ufpg lnF8] l9
838] . 38f gf) [;+) 36] != kfgL xfNg] 7"nf] efF8f] ufu|f] . @= k"hf, pT;j, ;fOt cf
lbdf l;Fuf] tyf kfgL e] flvg] hnkfq snz . 3l8ofn gf) Ps hftsf] u|fx . 38L gf) [;+)
!= rf}aL; ldg]6sf] ;do ftlbgsf] ;f7L efusf] Ps efu . @= ;do atfpg] oGq ldg]6, 306f
cflb hgfpg] oGq . #= cj; df}sf ;do . ~ 38L lqm) lj) 3L3L afaf km]lkm]l l5gl5gd
oM ftsf] k|xk|xdf af;] ;dosf] ;"rgf ug]{ rf] s'v ' f] . ~ k'mn gf) 38Lsf] 8fonh:tf
] Pjd\ af6'nf] b]lvg], nxfdf k'mNg] \uLla\uL v08v08 k]sf] j[Qfsf k"mn . afh gf) 3
] lxF8\g] JolQm (k|foM k'mtL{ nufpg] cy{df) 38L nfPsf] jf le]sf] JolQm . ;fh gf) lau
|]sf] 38L agfpg], ;kmf ug]{ jf dd{t ug]{ JolQm 38Lsf] sfd ug]{ sflnu8 . ;fhL gf) 3
8L;fhsf] sfd 38L agfpg] jf dDdt ug]{ k];f . 38]L gf) [ 3] != 3 agfPsf] hUuf 3n] rr
ldg . @= 3 agfpg lnPsf] hUuf 3 agfpg] 7fpF . 306 gf) x]) 3G6 . 306f gf) [;+)] != c9fO
{ 38Lsf] ;do ;f7L ldg]6sf] ;do lbgftsf] rf}aL; efusf] Ps efu . @= xftn] xNnfpFbf n
\u
' 7Ss vfP aHg] Ps afhf 306 . 306fs0f{ gf) [;+)] != >fj0f s[i0f rt'b{zLsf ;fFemdf k"hf
ulg] Ps flqr jf slNkt fIf; u7]d
\un . @= sfgdf 306 afFw] lx8\g] JolQm . ~ rt'bz { L
>fj0f s[i0f rt'b{zL . 306f 3 gf) [306f3] ;j{;fwf0fnfO{ ;dosf] 1fg lbnfpg s]xL k|dv '
:yfgdf agfOPsf] rf}lt 38L hl8Psf] cUnf] ejg 306fsf] cfjfh 6f9f;Dd k'Ug] uL agfOPsf]
38L hl8Psf] cUnf] 3 . 3l06s gf) [;+)] dl;gf] nfdf] y't'gf] x'g] uf]xLsf hftsf] Ps
hnhGt' . 3l06sf gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] cfsfsf] 306 . @= rfFk . 306L gf) [;+)] != ;fgf]
306 . @= ;fOsn cflbsf cufl8 xg], l6Gg ahfOg] Ps oGq . #= sfof{no cflbdf 6]a'ndf xg
] lyr] ahfO{ lkog cflbnfO{ af]nfj6sf] ;
\s]t lbg] oGq . $= s'g}s'g} 3df hl8Psf] 9f]s
fdf l:jr lyr] cfudgsf] ;"rgf lbg] oGq . 306] lj) x]) 3G6] . 3t gf) [;+) 3ft] != fd|f
] jf gfd|f] x'g] k"j{nIf0f 5's . @= hf]vgf cfvt . #= ljrf . $= dgdf kg]{ c; k|efj .

3l6g' c) lqm) [36\Og'] != 36L xf]Og' sd xf]Og' . @= bfFlhg] jf b[i6fGt lbOg] xf]Og'
. 3l6of lj) [36\Oof] != sd;n vfnsf] sDtL d"Nosf] . @= vfa ghftL . 36L! gf) [;+)] != r
nL; knfsf] ;do rf}aL; ldg]6sf] cjlw 38L . @= 306f, ldg]6 cflb ;"lrt ug]{ oGq 38L .
#= ;fgf] 38f . 36L@ lj) [36\O{] sd yf]} Go"g cNk . ~ a9L gf) ;fgf]7"nf] 36a9 sda];
jf lj) [36\pjf] 36\g] vfnsf] sd x'g] lsl;dsf] ga9\g] . 36'jf] gf) x]) 36jf] . 36]f]
3Pf]] 3 fVg] jf 3 rnfP a:g] JolQm 3df sfd ug]{ JolQm . :qL) 36]gL{ . 36];L gf) [3
= 3fF6Ldf nfOg] kf]t]sf] 5f]6f] ;fgf] dfnf d'ufsf] dfnf . @= 3fF6Ldf sl;Psf] 8f]L k
f;f] . #= 7"nf] ;
\s6 . 36\sfO gf) [ 36\sfp (cfO)] 36\sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
36\sfOg' s) lqm) 3636 kflg' 3'6\SofOg' . 36\sfpg' ;) lqm) [3'6\sf] cfp g'] kfgL, b"w c
tn kbfy{ lgNg' 3636 kfg'{ 3'6S \ ofpg' . > 36\sfx6 gf) 36\sfpg] sfd jf rfn . 3! gf)
k|f)] kL7f] lkFWg] oGq s'nfdf NofOPsf] kfgLsf] wfn] sf7sf] k\vf 3'dfO{ kL7f] lkFWg]
7"nf] vfnsf] hfFtf]h:tf] ;fwg . 3@ gf) [;+)] gbLsf] tL 3f6 . ~ s gf) gbL kf ubf{ nf
b:t' 3f6 t]sf] s . ~ s'6L gf) 3f6df jfkf ubf{ nfUg] b:t' p7fpg] rf}sL jf cf . ~ 3
3sf] h:tf] 3'dfO b'Mv emd]nfdf l\g'kg]{ l:ylt . hLjL gf) 3f6sf] b:t' p7fP jf 3f
u] k]6kfnf] ug]{ JolQm . 3] lj) [3 P] 3sf] sfd ug]{ 3 yfKg] 3 ePsf] 3;DaGwL .
pgsf nflu kfgL n}hfg] s'nf] Pp6f 3 rNg ;Sg] hlt kfgL aUg] s'nf] . ~ 9'u \ f] gf) l5la
, v;|f] hdf]6h:tf] ePsf] 3 agfpg x'g] vfnsf] 9'\uf] . 36\tL gf) [36\ tL] sdL 36L Go"
. 3838 lqm) lj) [c) d") 38\ c (l))] v;|f] jf 9'\Uofg hldgdf 7f]; kbfy{ l3lRrFbf zAb
cfpg] rfnn] . > 3838fO gf) 3838fpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3838fOg' c) lqm) 383
8 cfjfh lgsflng' . 3838fpg' c) lqm) v;|f] jf 9'\Uofg hldgdf s'g} 7"nf] j:t' l3;fbf
{ 3838 zAb lg:sg' . 3838fx6 gf) 3838 cfjfh cfpg] rfn jf lqmofk|lqmof . 3838] lj) cfg
f] sfd kmQ] kfg{sf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3t3t3g ;]lG6ld6 3t3t lqm) lj) [c) d") 3t\ c (l))] ufu|faf6 Ps} rf]l6 kfgL vGofpFbf zAb
lg:sg] rfndf . > 3t3ltg' c) lqm) 3t3t x'g' . 3t3tL lqm) lj) cem zL3| 3t3t x'g] uL
. 3t3TofO gf) 3t3Tofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3t3TofOg' s) lqm) 3t3t kflg' jf ufOg' . 3t3
Tofpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) ufu|faf6 kfgL Ps} rf]l6 vGofpg' 3t3t kfg'{ . 3tlj3t gf) [;+
) 3ft lj3ft] fd|f] jf gfd|fs ] f] 5'sljrf . 3t nfUg' 6') lrQ a'g' rfv nfUg' dg kg'{
f) nf]ssyf afnsxsf nflu ;fx|} 3tnfUbf] x'G5) . 3tL lj) [3t O{] fd|f], gfd|f]sf] 5's x]
]{ hf]vgf ug]{ 3t lgsfNg] . 3t]nf] gf) [3t Pnf]] e'mKkfe'mKkf k]sf] sfF9f x'g] Ps k|sf
] v jf af]6 . 3Q lqm) lj) [c) d") 3t\ t] kfgL cflb afSnf] tn j:t' PSsfl; vGofpFbf jf
kf]Vtf Ps} kN6 x'Q lg:sg] uL . 3qSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 3qs\ s] s'g} 7f]; j:t' ebf{ jf
v:tf zAb lg:sg] uL . 3ofs3'q's lqm) lj) [c) d") 3ofs\ s (l))] != s'g} hGt' cf]ln{Psf],
n8]sf], lxF8]sf] jf s'b]sf] cfjfh cfpg] rfnn] . gf) @= To; lsl;dsf] zAb . 3b|Ss l
qm) lj) [c) d") 3b|s s] x]) 3qSs . 3b\of | s3'bs '| lqm) lj) [c) d") 3b\|fs\ s (l))] !
= n8Gtle8Gt kbf{ zAb lg:sg] rfnn] 3ofs3'q's . gf) @= To; k|sfsf] zAb . 3g gf) [;+)]
!= afbn d]3 . @= d'vdf 8Nnf] k]sf] kmnfdsf] s8f d'u \ f | ] . #= vFlbnf]kg afSnf]kg s
8fkg . $= pxLpxL c\ssf] tLg k6s u'0fg ug]{ lqmof jf To;L u'0fg ubf{ ePsf] ;\Vof s'g}
vFlbnf] j:t'sf] ndfO, rf}8fO prfOsf] u'0ff ubf{ x'g] ;\Vof . %= j]bdGqsf] kf7 ug
]{ Ps ljlw . ^= 7"nf] d'h'f 306f . 3gSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 3gs\ s] Ps} rf]l6 3Gsg] uL G
kms{g] uL afhf cflb Ps} ;fy aHg] rfndf . 3gIf]q gf) [;+)] s'g} vFlbnf] kbfy{sf] n
dfO, rf}8fO df]6fO jf ulxfOsf] lj:tf jf km}nfj6 . 3g36f gf) [;+)] afbnsf] tfFtL txtx
k]sf] afbn d]3dfnf . 3g3g gf) [c) d") 3g\ c (l))] != Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] 8Dk'm . lqm) lj
@= afhf cflb aHbf 3Gs] cfjfh cfpg] uL . 3g3f] lj) [;+)] != pTkftsf] Hofb} 3gf w]} a
f] . @= eo\s eLif0f 8nfUbf] w"dwfdsf] . gf) #= afbnsf]
348

uhf{x6 d]3sf] uh{gf . $= 8nfUbf] cfjfh . 3g rSs gf) [;+) 3g rqm] != 7"nf] e|d eo\s e
@= emd]nf emGem6 6G6f . #= 5's5's] dflg; cl:y jf r~rn a'l4sf] JolQm . lj) $= d"v{ a]s
'km . 3gHjfnf gf) [;+)] sfnf] afbnsf aLr rDsg] lah'nL r6f kbf{ lg:sg] k|sfz . 3g 6fp
s] lj) [3g 6fps]] 3ghqf] cyf{t\ 7"nf] 6fpsf] x'g] 6fps] 3G6fps] . 3gtf gf) [;+)] 3gf x
'gfsf] l:ylt afSnf]kg vFlbnf]kg 3gTj . 3gTj gf) [;+)] != 3gtf . @= s'g} gfksf] PsfOl
eqsf] ;\Vof s'g} j:t'sf] nDafO, rf}8fO, df]6fO jf ulxfOsf] kldf0f jf cf};t gfkf] . j
fb gf) != ;flxTodf, nDafO, rf}8fOdfq geP ulxfOdf ljZjf; ug]{ snfTds Pstfdf ;Dk"0f{t
f x'gk ' 5{ eGg], clg d"tt { fdfeGbf cd"tt { fdf ljZjf; ug]{ Ps l;4fGt . @= ljZj
;flxTodf b]vf k]sf] g]kfnLdf t];|f] cfofdsf] ;flxlTos bz{g ag]sf] To;} JofkstfnfO
{ cFufNg vf]Hg] jfb jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) 3gTjjfbdf snfsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ 3gTjjfbsf]
cg'ofoL . 3gg lqm) lj) [c) d") 3g\ c (;ft))] nuftf 3Gsg] 9\un] 7"nf] cfjfh 3Gs] cfpg]
fndf . 3ggfb gf) [;+)] d]3sf] uh{gf d]3gfb r6fr'6' . 3gkmn gf) [;+)] != nDafO, rf}8f
f]6fO jf ulxfOsf] u'0fgkmn . @= s'g} c\snfO{ ToxL c\sn] kfn}l;t b'O{ k6s u'0fg ubf{
lg:sg] u'0fgkmn . 3g k'm6 gf) [3g k'm6] ! X ! X ! cyf{t\ prfO, rf}8fO df]6fO jf ul
xfO PsPs k'm6 ePsf] j:t' jf To:tf] gfk So'las k'm6 . 3g d08n gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] agf
]6df ;aeGbf leqklsf] v08 . 3g ld6 gf) [3g ld6] prfO, rf}8fO ulxfO jf df]6fO ;a} PsPs
6 ePsf] j:t' jf gfkf] . 3gd"n gf) [;+)] s'g} 3gflzsf] d"n c\s . (pbf) @& sf] 3gd"n #
xf]) . 3g; gf) [;+)] != cfsfzaf6 k]sf] kfgL hn . @= cs S;L . #= sk" . $= xfQLnfO{ n
Ps k|sfsf] Qmf]u . 3gjw{g gf) [;+)] wft' cflbnfO{ lk6] kmflsnf] jf 7"nf] kfg]{ sfd .
3gjw{gLotf gf) lk6\tfv]l 7"nf] x'g] jf a9\g] wft' cflbsf] u'0f . 3gZofd gf) [;+)]
!= sfnf] afbn . @= fd . #= s[i0f . lj) $= kfgL af]Sg] afbnh:tf] sfnf] . 3g >]0fL g
f) [;+)] afbnsf] tfFtL d]3dfnf . 3g ;]lG6ld6 gf) [3g ;]lG6ld6] ! X ! X ! ;]lG6ld6sf]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

349

3gf3 3kgf gf) s'g} efF8f]dfly 3f]K6f] kf] 5f]lkg] lasf]{ 9sgf . > 3kgL gf) ;fgf] 3kg
gL . 3k' gf) [c) d") 3k\ p] gf) != h'jfdf uGb} gugL w]} ?lkofFk; } f yfKg] sfd 3Kk' .
@= yKg] sfd yk . 3Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") 3k\ k] Ps} kN6 3f]K6fpg] jf kf]Vg] lsl;dn] . 3
Kk' gf) != n\u'/a'hf{ v]n . @= 3k' . 3a8fO gf) [ 3a8fp (cfO)] 3a8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k
|lqmof . [ > ] 3a8fOg' c) lqm) x]) 3afOg' . 3a8fpg' c) lqm) [k|f) 3'08O{] x]) 3afpg'
. > 3a8fx6 gf) 3afx6 . 3afO gf) [ 3afp (cfO)] 3afpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3afO
m) 3afpg] xf]Og' x8a8fOg' . 3afpg' c) lqm) [ 3a8fpg'] != b'Mv jf 8af6 dg ljrlnt x'g'
8fpg' . @= cTof;df kg'{ cflQg' . > 3afx6 gf) 3afpg] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3dG8 gf
) cfkmcfgf] a'l4, an ;fdYo{nfO{ a];L dxj lbP cnfO{ x]o 7flgg] cx+efjgfsf] cg'lrt tyf
pu| k cledfg ;]vL t'h's, cx
\sf d}dQf . > 3dG8L lj) 3dG8 ePsf] 3dG8 ug]{ t'hs ' L
edfgL . 3dfOnf] lj) [3fdcfOnf]] nfdf] emL jf abnL pl3|P 3fd nfu]sf] 3fd nfu]sf] 3fd n
Ug] ePsf] kxflnf] . 3dfpg' c) lqm) [3fd cfp g'] 3fdn] a];L tfTg' 6fpg' . 3df; gf) [
+ ] jiff{sfndf xfjf grNbf x'g] u'D:ofx6 ps';d's'; x'g] udL{ . 3df;fg gf) [c) d")
3d\ ;fg] 7"nf] 8nfUbf] n8fOF jf emu8f 3D;f3D;L . 3df}f gf) [3fd cf}f] udL{ ofddf kl;gf
p5g] ;fgf laldf udL{af6 5fnfdf cfpg] dl;gf vl6f . 3D;f3D;L gf) [ 3df;fg] k:ksf] n'
8L dffdf ;
\3if{ d'7e]8 7"nf] n8fOF . 3 gf) [k|f)] != uff] nufO{ 5fg' xfn] agfPsf
] 7fpF u[x cfno ejg lgs]tg lgjf;:yfg cfjf; . @= vfgf sf]7f (ysL{ cflbsf]) . #= s'08n
u|xsf] cfgf flzsf] :yfg . $= u[x:yLsf] Joj:yf u[x:yL . %= kltu[x . ~ cfug gf) != 3
Fug 3sf] cfFug . @= w]} glhssf] 7fpF cfFvfs} ;fd'Gg]sf] 7fpF . ~ s6]f] gf) dflg; a:g]
3 ufO{a:t' afFWg] jf ;;fdfg fVg] s6]f] . ~ s]6f] gf) 5f]L laxf u] lbgnfO{ x]lg]
To:tf] s]6f] p;sf 3sf] l:ylt . ~ vr{ gf) 3u[x:yL rnfpgsf lglDt nfUg] jf nfu]sf] ?lko
fF, k};f cflb ;DklQ . ~ vfg' 6') != kltsf 3df k7fOPsL 5f]Lr]nLn] ;f]

j:t' jf gfk . 3gf lj) [;+)] != ofDd k]sf] jkaf6 glhlsFb} hf]l8Psf] afSnf] . @= vfFlb
] ;3g . #= w]} k|z:t 5]nf]v]nf] . 3gfsf gf) [;+)] ndfO, rf}8fO tyf df]6fO (prfO jf ul
O) afa ePsf] cfs[lt . 3gfTds lj) [;+)] != nDafO, rf}8fO df]6fO afa x'g] . gf) @= nDa
O, rf}8fO df]6fOsf u'0fgaf6 lg:s]sf] kmn . tf gf) 3gfTds x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . 3
gfGwsf gf) [;+)] 3f] cGwsf uf9f cFWoff] r's 3f]K6fPh:tf] cFWoff] . 3lg3;fO gf) [;
rsf]{ ldlxg]t s7f] kl>d . 3lgi7 lj) [;+)] != Hofb} glhssf] lgs6sf] . @= v"a 3gf afSn
] . tf gf) 3lgi7 x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ;fdLKo lgs6tf . 3gLefj gf) [;+)] != uf9f x'gfs
f] efj 3gTj, 3gtf . @= Ps} 7fpFdf y'k|f] nfUg] sfd s]Gb|Le"t efj . 3gLe"t lj) [;+)]
!= 3gf ePsf] ;fx|f] hd]sf] . @= s]Gb|Le"t . #= uf9f afSnf] . 3g" lj) x]) 3gf . 3g]f
j) [3gf Pf] != k|z:t dgUu] Hofbf w]} . gf) @= y'kf | ] f; . ~ aft gf) h;f] xf]nf eG
] cfF6 lxDdt ;fx; . 3gf}6f] gf) [3g cf}6f]] uf]n rnfpg] c\s; ' ] k]sf] xltof . 3Gsg'
m) [3gSs g'] != w]} hgfn] Ps};fy af]Nbf, kf7 ubf{ jf nf]nL ldnfpFbf 7"nf] cfjfh cfp
g' w]} afhf Ps} rf]l6 aHbf 7"nf] :j lg:sg' . @= Gsf] 5'6g \ ' k|ltWjlg lg:sg' . > 3Gs
fO gf) 3Gsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3GsfOg' s) lqm) 3Gsg] kflg' . 3Gsfpg' k|) ] lqm) 3Gg
3Gg cfjfh lgsfNg' 3Gsg] kfg'{ . 3lGsg' c) lqm) 3Gg cfjfh lg:sg' 3Gsg' . 3Gsf] gf) 3G
s]sf] Wjlg 3GsfO Gsf] . 3GSofO gf) 3lGsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3GSofOg' s) lqm) 3lGsg]
kflg' . 3GSofpg' k|) ] lqm) 3lGsg] kfg'{ 3lGsg nfpg' . 3GSofx6 gf) 3Gsg] rfn jf lsl;
d 3GSofO . 3GrdGr gf) [ 3rdr] w]} dflg;sf] 7]nd7]n 3rdr 3rff] 3'Or F f] . 3G6 gf)
6f] b]jb]jLsf] k"hfcfhf ubf{ xftn] xNnfO{ ahfOg] fnf] ePsf] afhf 306f . 3G6fps] lj)
x]) 3g6fps] . 3G6] lj) [3G6P] != 306h:tf] 306sf cfsfsf] . gf) @= ;]tf] jf ftf]
df k'
], 306h:tf] b]lvg], Ps k|sfsf] k"mn . 3G6];f] gf) [306P;f]] != 3fF6Lsf] luvf]{ ufF8
. @= lsnlsn] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

333 ef8f 3sf] sfdwGbf fd|L rnfpg' a'xfLn] fd|f];Fu 3sf] sfd ug'{ . @= 3df cfuf]
3 e:d kfg'{ . ~ vfon gf) 3 agfpg] 7fpF 3 agfP a:g k'Ug] hldg 338]L . ~ v]t gf) !=
3af; ufF;af; . @= ;j{:j . ~ v]tL gf) 3 v]tL 3v]t . vf]kL | gf) s]6fs]6Lxn] ;fg
3 agfO{ v]Ng] Ps v]n jf To:tf] v]nf}gf . ~ uGtL gf) 3sf] ] gf) laxfdf b'nxLklsf uGt
L k|To]s 3 . ~ ufpn ufpFnx ] nfO{ elgg] zAb b'nxLsf bfh'efO . ~ u[x:y lj) 3u[x:yL e
d ePsf] jf 3hd u] a;]sf] u[x:y . ~ u[x:yL gf) != 3hd . @= 3 3sf ;a} nL gf) 3s
df6fsf] u'F8 ;;fdfg . ~ uf}y nufP a:g] Ps k|sfsf] rf] . ~ 38]L gf) 3 To;n] rr]s {
ufhldg . 33 lqm) lj) [c) d") 3\ c) (l))] uf8L cflb rNbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] ;fx|f] 9
hldgdf ux|fF} 7f]; a:t' l3l:;Fbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . > 33fO gf) 33fpg] lqmof jf k|lqm
. 33fOg' c) lqm) 33 zAb lglSng' . 33fpg' c) lqm) 33 zAb cfpg' . 3 3fgf gf) [3
fdfg . @= 3;f 3fo; 3}3fgf . 33fx6 gf) [33fp cfx6] 33 ug]{ rfn jf lsl;d . 33l
Sng' . 33] lj) [33 P] 33 zAb ug]{ . 3 3'lof gf) [yf)] yfhfltsf kljfsf] gfOs]
3 g 3f6] != 3u[x:yL lau|Fb} uPsf] cj:yf cfly{s l:ylt 3s{Fb} uPsf] rfn cf]fnf] nfUg] s
fd cjglt . @= ;j{gfz ;Tofgfz . 3 hUuf gf) [3 hUuf] 3 v]tafL . ~ s gf) 3 hUufd
gadf]lhdsf] lgwf{lt s . jfnf gf) 3 hUufsf] dflns jf :jfdL 3 hUufsf] wgL . 3hd
f tyf kljf;d]tsf] aGbf]a:t u] a:g] sfd 3u[x:yL u[x:yf>d . 3 h'jfO3 HjfO gf)
a;] hLljsf rnfpg] h'jfOF . 3 emu8f gf) [3emu8f] 3leq x'g] emu8f jf afemf] u[xsnx .
ff] gf) [3emff] k|To]s 3af6 d2t lng] sfd 3nf}L . 3 t?n gf) [3t?n] != kfgsf h:t
h:tf] k"mn k'mNg] lufh:tf v}f kmn kmNg], nfdf
350

ljleGg
sf sGb x'g] Ps nxf] . @= To;}sf] sGb jf ufgf] . 3b gf) [3b] != hgu0fgf h
L sfd . @= 3sf] ;
\Vof 3w'L . 3f gf) [3f] 3af 3af; . 3wgL gf) [3wgL] 3
) [3wGbf] 3sf] sfdsfh 3]n' Jojxf 3]n' wGbf 3fo;L sfd sf]7]wGbf . 3k6L3kL gf
xklt u[x:jfdL . 3 kfOs gf) [3kfOs] 3sf] glhs 3sf] 5]p5fp . 3 kf?jf lj) gf) cGg ty
cflbaf6 kfDkls 3]n' k|ljlwff tof kflPsf] S;L . 3kfnf3 kfn'jf lj) [3kfn] 3df
n' (kz'kIfL cflb) . ~ df}L gf) 3sf afL, au}Frf cflb 7fpFdf kflng] rfsfaf6 w]} dx y
d}g k|fKt x'g] Ps k|sfsf] df}L . 3 k}r f] gf) [k|f) 3kj];f]] != gofF 3sf] k|lti7f
:t'sd{ . @= aflxkm]sf] lng'lbg' geO{ 3}df ulPsf] k}r F f] jf ;fk6L . 3kmf]f lj) [3
= 3sf] e]b zq'nfO{ atfpg] 3 aemfpg] jf 3df k'm6 Nofpg] . @= 3 kmf]g]{ rf]L ug]{ . 3
gf) [3aGbL] 3d} y'g] fVg] sfd 3aflx hfg glbg] uL nufOg] aGb]h . 3af gf) [3af
:t 3hd 3u[x:yL . @= ljjfx . 3 afL gf) [3afL] 3 v]tLkftL 3 3jlklsf] hldg
hf]uL hf]lugLaf6 hGd]sf] JolQm hGdb]lv g} ;GGof;L . @= 3af uL a;]sf] ;GGof;L u[x:y ;
Gof;L . 3 af; gf) [3af;] cfk"m a:g] 3 f;f]af;f] 3af . 3 labf gf) [3labf] ;sf
sf sd{rfLn] ;fnedf lgodn] tf]s]adf]lhd 3 a:g kfpg] labf . 3a'gf gf) [3a'g\] 3]n' tf
of ulg] Ps hftsf] df]6f] sk8f vfF8L vfbL . 3a]6L gf)x]) 3/e]6L . 3 e8j ' f3 ef8f
fefF8f] != 3kljfdf grflxFbf emd]nf lems] 3 efF8\g] sfd ug]{ 3sf] d"nL jf dflnssf c
hyfefaL u] c hxfgsf] dg laufg]{ . gf) @= To:tf] lsl;dsf] dflg; . 3 ef8f gf) [3 ef8f]
f] 3 c s;}nfO{ lglZrt jf s]xL ;dosf nflu rng ug{ lbPafkt kfOg] axfn

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

351

3e]6L3Nrf b'O{ nfv;Ddsf] l:y k'FhL nufgL u] rnfOg] pBf]u s'6L pBf]u . 3]; gf) [3
w (lbJof]kb]z) . 3s{g' c) lqm) != 36\t} hfg' l;l4Fb} hfg' 3xlg' . @= v:sg' cjglt x'g'
. #= 9Nsg' laQ} hfg' . $= Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;'OFlsg' efUg' . > 3sf{O gf) 3s{g
] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3sf{Og' s) lqm) 3s{g nfOg' . 3sf{pg' k|) ] lqm) 3s{g nufpg' . 3
sf{x6 gf) 3s{g] sfd jf cj:yf . 3sf{xf lj) 3s{g] vfnsf] . 3ls{g ' c) lqm) 3s{g] xf]O
g' . 3Sof{O gf) 3ls{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 33{ gf) [;+)] != uf8f, aUuL cflbsf] cfjfh
. @= ;'t]sf dflg; 3'bf{ cfpg] cfjfh . #= x]) 3/3/ . 33{lsf gf) [;+)] != dxL kfg]{
7]sf] . @= Ps k|sfsf] k'fgf] afhf . 3tL{ gf) [;+) u[x P]lt] != g]kfndf bf;Tjaf6 d'St
ePkl5 ag]sf] Ps ju{ . :qL) 3lt{gL . @= IfqLsf] Ps y . > 3t]{gf gf) 3tL{hftsL :qLn
fO{ cfb hgfpFbf k|of]u x'g] zAb 3lt{gL . 3d{ gf) [;+)] != 3fd . @= udL{ . #= u|Lid
Ct' udL{ ofd . 3of; gf) [3LofF;] 3s]{sf] a]nf yf]} ;do . (pbf) Ps} l5gdf 3Lsf] 3
f]) . 3{ lqm) lj) [c) d") 3\] ux|fF} vFlbnf] j:t' l3::ofpFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . 3f{
f] bfh, 6]lan cflbdf dfn;fdfg flvg], tfg] vf]Ng x'g] v08 . 3if{ gf) [;+)] != u8fO u]
\g] sfd 3if{0f . @= lkFWg] sfd lkFwfO . > 3if{s lj) != u8\g] 3f]6\g] . @= lkFWg] . 3i
f{0f gf) != u8\g] sfd u]8fO 3f]6fO . @= lkFWg] sfd lkFwfO . #= s'g} 7f]; kbfy{ 9Nbf l
:sg] ;fk]If zlQm . 3lif{t lj) != 3f]l6Psf] u]l8Psf] blnPsf] . @= lkFlwPsf] . 3n3n gf)
[c) d") 3n\c (l))] k]6df jfo' elP sfpg] lsl;dn] tn kbfy{ kf]lvFbf jf vGofpFbf zAb l
g] uL . > 3n3ntL3n3nL lqm) lj) cem 3n3n zAb ug]{ lsl;dn] . ] lt a9L k|rlnt, kfvLaf6
3nf gf) [ef]) a)] lxdfnL k|bz tof kflPsf] nf]Ug]dflg;n] nfpg] kf];fs . 3n] gf) u'?
hfl
tsf] Ps y . 3n]s gf) [ef]) a)] != u'?
;]gLxn] lkl7pFdf ufbf]h:t} uL leg]{ sk8f . @= bf
}f k]6f
] (k) g])) . 3Nrf gf) [;+) 36g]jf)rf] tfdf, lkQn cflbsf] Ps xftn] prfNg ;lsg]
;fgf] ufu|L . > 3NrL gf) ;fgf] 3Nrf .

dx;'n lsfof . 3e]6L gf) [ 3kL] != 3hUufsf] wgL 3sf] dflns 3/a]6L . @= ef8f lt]
fO{ eGg] zAb 3kL . 3d7fs' gf) lwdfnhfltsf u|fdb]jtf . 3jfnf gf) [3jfnf] 3sf] dfl
uf gf) [3;+) ;Gwfg] 3 agfpg rflxg] dfn;fdfg (vfFaf], anf] cflb sf7kft) . > 3;
\uL gf)
f . 3 ;f
\nf] gf) k|foM bxL, b"w ePsf 3df x'g] s}nf]s}nf] sf] ;f\nf] . 3 ;fk6L gf)
lDt Ps 3sf dflg;n] csf{ 3sf dflg;;Fu lng] ;fk6L . 3;f gf) [3 ;f] != 3fo;L sfd 3wG
:yL 3hd 3fo; . sf] lj) 3df ulPsf] jf n]lvPsf] (lnvt) 3;DaGwL . 3fg! gf) [ 3f
dof{bf j+z s'n vfgbfg . 3fg@ gf) sk8f cflbsf] ndfO rf}8fOsf] gfk . 3fgf gf) [3c
Rr s'n k|l;4 vfgbfg . @= j+z s'n . 3flgof lj) [3fgOofF] != 7"nf] s'nsf] 3fgsf] vf
g . @= s'nsf] j+zsf] . 3fgL lj) [3fgO{] 3flgofF . 3fo; gf) [ 3] ufpF3 3;f . >
x'g] jf ulg] (lnvt cflb) 3]n' . 3lgf gf) [;+) u[lx0fL] != kTgL :jf:gL . @= 3kL dlxn
lof gf) [;+) 3l6sf] ;'grfFbL ufNg] df6fsf] efF8f] . 3lofn gf) [;+) s'DeL] Ps hftsf] u
|fx 3l8ofn . 3L! gf) [ 3fL] s]fsf sfOFof ePsf] l;
\uf] e'mKkf] 8fF7;d]tsf s]fsf sfO
7"nf] u'R5f] . 3L@ gf) [ 38L] 38L yf]} ;do Ps} l5g . sf] 3f; gf) cft'Lsf] a]nf
j) != l5gl5g yf]yf]} ;dodf . @= afDaf afaf k6sk6s 38L38L . 3?jf gf) [3]\ pjf]
kfgL pNem] df5f dfg{ jf ;dfTg agfOPsf] 7fpF . 3]n ' lj) [3 Pn'] != 3sf] 3;DaGwL 3f
3df kflng] jf kflnPsf] 3kfn'jf . ~ Ond gf) cfg} 3df a;La;L ug{ ;lsg] ;fgf] vfnsf] pB
jf lzNk 3]n' pBf]u . ~ pBf]u gf) != 3]n' Ond 3df :yfkgf ug{ ;lsg] jf 3wGbfsf] sfdaf
'm;{t ePsf a]nf sfd ulg] ;;fgf] pBf]u kDkfut k|ljlwcg';f hft hftljz]ifn] k|of]u ub}{
fPsf ;;fgf pBf]u . @= a9Ldf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3Nn3fu3f3 3Nn lqm) lj) [c) d") 3n\n] k]6df jfo' elP sfpg] lsl;dn] tn kbfy{ kf]
bf zAb lg:sg] uL . ~ 3Nn lqm) lj) To:tf] zAb cfOxg] lsl;dn] . \ g'] != la:tf} bNg' j
f u8\g' . @= 3;\g' ;) lqm) [;+)3if{ dfln; ug'{ t]n nufpg' . #= lnKg' (3, r'nf], cfFug
O)) . 3;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 3;s\ s] otfplt 3:sg] rfndf . 3;3; gf) [c) d") 3;\ c (l))] u
x|'Fuf] j:t' l3l;Fbf zAb cfpg] lqmof jf lsl;d . > 3;3;L lqm) lj) To:tf] zAb cfpg]
uL . 3;3f; gf) [3;\ 3;\] 3:g] cflb sfd . 3;k; gf) [3fF;kft] != sl;\u a9f] ofFlsg
sfut cflbsf kmf]x 6'qmf lgs[i6 j:t' . @= grflxFbf] sfdsfh emGem6sf] sfd . lqm) lj)
#= s'g} j:t' jf ;fdfg vhdlhg] lsl;dn] 3:of3'; ' . lj) $= rfFhf]kfFhf] gldn]sf] k|aG
w gePsf] cJojl:yt . 3;d; lj) x]) 3;k; . 3;fO gf) [ 3;\ (cfO)] 3:g] lqmof jf k|lqmo
] 3;fOg' s) lqm) 3:g nfOg' . 3;fpg' k|) ] lqm) 3:g nfpg' . 3;f\g' ;) lqm) [;+)3[if\ g
] != s'g} vFlbnf] j:t'nfO{ e'OFdf 3;|g] uL tfGg' l3;fg'{ . @= lnkkf]t ug'{ lnKg' kf]
Tg' . #= dfln; ug'{ 3:g' . $= 3:6fpg' . > 3;ffO gf) 3;fg]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . 3;flg' s)
lqm) 3;fg]{ sfd ulg' . 3l;6 gf) [ 3;]6] \ l8sf] glbO{ l56f]l56f] n]lvPsf] n]v, v];|
f jf ;fwf0f 9
\usf] l6kf]6 . 3l;g' s) lqm) [3;\Og'] 3:g] sfd ulg' lnlkg' . 3;]p6f] l
fF;Pp6f]] != sfd gnfUg] 2L a]sDdf . gf) @= 3:of}6L . 3;]p6L gf) t]n 3:g] :qL 3;]6L .
;]6\g' ;) lqm) [;+) 3[i6] != rfF8f]rfF8f] n]Vg' 3l;6 n]Vg' . @= 3;fg'{ l3;fg'{ . > 3;
]6fO gf) 3;]6g \ ] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3;]6fOg' s) lqm) 3;]6g \ ] sfd ulg' . 3;]6fpg' k
|) ] lqm) 3;]6g \ nfpg' l56f]l56f] n]vfpg' . 3;]l6g' s) lqm) 3;]6\g] sfd ulg' . 3;]6
L gf) x]) 3;]p6L . 3;]6f] gf) [3;\ P6f]] t]n nufpFbf jf kmf]xf] sfd ubf{ nufpg] wf]tL
. 3;]8L gf) [3fF; P8L] kz'n] vfPsf] 3fF; xg] lemqmf] . 3:sg' c) lqm) [3;Ss g'] dg gk]
dflg; cGt hfg' cGelg' . > 3:sfO gf) 3:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3:sfOg' s) lqm) 3
:sg] kflg' . 3:sfpg' k|) ]
352

lqm) 3:sg nfpg' . 3:sfx6 gf) 3:sg] sfd jf rfn 3:sfO . 3:sfxf lj) 3:sg] cGelg] . 3l:sg
' c) lqm) 3:sg' . 3:SofO gf) 3l:sg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . 3:6g' c) lqm) [;+) 3[i6 g']
!= n'ufkmf6f cflbnfO{ hyfefaL;Fu pkof]u ubf{ k'fgf] x'g' yf]qf] x'g' . @= d}nf] x'
g' . > 3:6fO gf) 3:6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3:6fOg' s) lqm) 3:6fpg] sfd ulg' . 3:6fpg
' k|) ] lqm) 3:6g] kfg'{ . 3l:6g' c) lqm) 3:6g] sfd x'g' 3:6g' . > 3:6fO gf) 3l:6g] l
qmof jf k|lqmof . 3:6fOg' s) lqm) 3l:6g] kflg' . 3:6fpg' k|) ] lqm) 3l:6g] kfg'{ . 3:
of3'; ' gf) [c) d") 3:of\ c (l))] != sfd gnfUg] rLhaLh 2L j:t' jf vfg]s ' f] . lqm
= x]) 3;k; . 3:ofgL gf) [3fF; ofgL] 3fF; x'g] 7fpF 3fF; kfOg] afL jf vs{ . 3:of}6L lj
) 3;]p6f] . 3:of}6f] gf) != 3fF;, emf/kft pd|]sf] cyjf kmf]x/ y'lk|Psf] 7fpF . lj
) @= x]) 3;]p6f] . 3;|g' c) lqm) [;+) 3[i6] e'O{Fdf ul8g] uL lxF8\g' e'O{Fd} 6fFl;P c
fl8 ;g'{ l3;|g' . > 3;|fO gf) 3;|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3;|fOg' s) lqm) 3;|g nfOg' .
3;|fpg' k|) ] lqm) 3;|g nfpg' u8fpg' . 3l;|g ' c) lqm) != 3;|g' . @= l3l;|g' . > 3;
|Lk;|L lqm) lj) ;sLg;sL cfpg] jf hfg] uL 3l;|g] rfndf . 3;|' gf) ufO{a:t'n] vfg] Ps l
sl;dsf] emf . 3:o|fO gf) [ 3l;| (ofO)] 3l;|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof u8fO . [ > ] 3:o|fOg'
lqm) 3l;|g] kflg' . 3:o|fpg' k|]) lqm) 3l;|g] kfg'{ . 3:o|fx6 gf) 3l;|g] sfd, lsl;
d jf cj:yf . 3:o|fxf lj) 3l;|P lxF8\g] 3l;|g] . 3:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 3;\;] ux|'Fuf] j
:t' e'O{Fdf 9Nbf zAb cfpg] rfndf . 3xfO gf) [ 3xfp (cfO)] 3xlg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
] 3xfOg' s) lqm) 3xlg nufOg' 3sf{Og' . 3xfpg' k|) ] lqm) [3xlcfpg'] 3xlg nfpg'
3xfx6 gf) 3xlg] rfn jf cj:yf 3xfO . 3xlg' c) lqm) != 36\t} hfg' 3s{g' . @= ktg x'
' cf]fnf] nfUg' . > 3xofO gf) 3xlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3xofOg' s) lqm) 3xlg nf
3xofpg' k|]) lqm) 3xlg nfpg' 3xlg] kfg'{ . 3f! gf) [;+) 3g] ;Demf}tf ;lGw d]nldnf
rLgsf afbzfxl;t 3f ug"{ lbJo)) 3f@ gf) [;+) 3ft] 3fprf]6 rf]6 3fp . 3fu3f3 gf) af
pg], sDdb]lv 3'F8f;Dd k'ms]sf] km] x'g] kf];fs hfdf .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

353

3fr3ft k|lt3ft 3frf]6 gf) [3frf]6] lkl6P, n8] jf s'g} b'36 { gf cflbaf6 ePsf] 3fprf]6
. 3fhfr gf) [3fhfFr] s;}n] s;}nfO{ s'6lk6 u]sf cj:yfdf cfdfkm{t lrlsT;sff 3fprf]6, v
] k cj:yf hfFr ufpg] sfd . 3f6 gf) [;+) 3] != gbLsf] bfofFafofFsf] lsgf tLy{:yn . @
bL jf hnfzosf] kfgL ePsf] 7fpF;Dd k'Ug ;lsg] ;'ud :yfg . #= hxfh, 8'
\uf cflbaf6 c
f]n{g] jf ltgdf r9\g] 7fpF . $= jghfFrsf] rf}sL . %= ufxsLxsf] eL8 . ^= cfjfudgsf
lglDt ;lhnf] kg]{ 7fpF . ~ s gf) gfpff jf k'naf6 gbL jfkf ubf{ jf dfn;fdfg cf];fk;f
{ 3f6df lnOg] b:t' . u8\8L gf) h
\unaf6 sf7 sf6] gbLdf aufO{ jf c s'g} k|sfn] 9'jfgL
NofP hDdf ulg] 7fpF . 3f6f gf) [36\cf] aGba]kf ubf{ jf dfn;fdfg vlblaqmL ubf{ ;fpF jf
kneGbf 36L x'g] cfo xflg gf]S;fgL 6'f . ljk) d'gfkmf . 3f6L gf) b'O{ kxf8sf aLrsf] cf
thfjt ug]{ hldg jf af6f] . ~ dfu{ gf) 7"n7"nf kxf8sf aLrdf gbLsf] kfgL jf k|jfxn]
sf6]sf 7fpFdf ag]sf] ;fF3'f] af6f] . 3f6' gf) [ef]) a)] s'dfL o'jtLxn] dGq;lxtsf] u
Lt ufP c
\uljGof;sf ;fy gflrg] k'fgf syfdf cfwflt u'?
hfltsf] nf]sg[To . 3f6] gf) [3f6
= 3f6df a:g] JolQm . @= k08f tLy{k'f]lxt . #= d'bf{ kf]n] hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm . lj)
$= 3f6;DaGwL 3f6sf] . ~ b:t' gf) 3f6df d'bf{ kf]Nbf ltg'{kg]{ b:t' . ~ kfyL gf) 3f6
nfUg] vf]nfsf jlklsf ufpFdf dfemLn] jif{sf] Ps k6s 3}lkR5] rGbf:jk p7fpg] Ps kfyL cG
g . ~ e"t gf) d;fg3f6df xg] elgPsf] Ps k|sfsf] e"t . ~ j}B gf) 3f6df nlug] cj:yfsf 3
f6df nluPsf lafdLxsf] pkrf tyf ltgsf cflvL cj:yfsf] ljrf ug]{, k|foM 3f6s} 5]p5fpdf a
;]sf j}B . 3ft gf) [;+)] != xftxltofn] s;}nfO{ dfg]l{ k6\g] sfd rf]6 k|xf cf3ft xTof
. @= wSsf 7Ss . #= vfaL clxt . $= ul0ftdf s'g} ;\Vofn] To;} ;\VofnfO{ u'Gg] lqmof jf
o;af6 lg:sg] u'0fgkmn . %= hLp 5f8\g] rfn xQ]xnfO . 3fts lj) [;+)] != 3ft ug]{ df xf
Gg] k|xf ug]{ . @= jw ug]{ xToff] . #= lauf ug]{ xflgsfs (3fts ljrf, 3fts b[li6, 3f
O)) . > 3ftsL lj) 3fts xToff] . 3ftg gf) [;+)] 3ft ug]{ lqmof jf efj dfg]{ sfd . 3ft
k|lt3ft gf) [;+)] != k:ksf] xfgfxfg jf dffdf

3fr gf) != h
\un jlklsf] pa8vfa8 k]sf] hldg h
\unsf] 5]p5fp . @= kxf8sf] km]bL b'O{
aLr jf k'5fsf] ;f]tf] hldg . 3f6L gf) != w8dfly lzd'lg x]sf] uf]nfsf tyf nfdf], le
6 ;f; km]g]{, af]Ng] vfPsf] s'f k]6df k'ofpg] gnLx ePsf] c
\u s07 unf] . @= uw{g l3
. #= b'O{ kxf8sf aLrsf] af6f] jf hldg 5]8f] 3f6L . sf] kf;f] { 6') gf) guL w gkfOg]
fx|} si6bfos sfd . ~ kg' guL w gkfpg' Hofb} ;s;df kg'{ . 3f6L x]L xf8 lgNg" (pvfg) .
f6 ' gf) w;f{bf kft x'g,] ftf k"mn k'mNg] ;fgf] af]6 x'g] jg:kltljz]if . 3f6]! gf)
) 306f] 306Lh:tf] k"mn x'g], Ps k|sfsf] a'] emf . 3f6@ ] lj) [3fF6LP] 3fF6Lsf] 3fF6
aGwL . ~ ltnxL gf) 3fF6Ldf dfq 7Ls x'g] P]efFtsf] lrXg ;fgf] vfnsf] ltnxL . 3f6f] gf)
[ 3fF6L] s]fsf sfOFofx nfUg] 7"nf] 8fF7 . 3f8f] gf) [;+) 306] != ufO{, e}F;L, s's' cf
bsf unfdf e'mG8fOg] 306 . @= efUg] jf rf] a:t'efpsf 3fF6Ldf e'mG8fOg] sf7sf] 7]psf]
jf d'
\u|f] . #= emGem6sf] sfd jf j:t' . 3f; gf) [;+) 3f;] ufO{a:t'n] cfxfsf] kdf vfg
] emf, t[0f cflb v jf kf]y|fsf kft, d'G6f cflb xlof]klof] rLh . ~ vfg] lj) kz'h:tf]
l4 gePsf] . ~ kft gf) != e'O3 +{ fF; 8fn]3fF; 3fF;k'm; kftklt
\u . @= dxjxLg j:t'
]sDdf j:t' . k'm; gf) 3fF;kft . 3f;L gf) [3fF;O{] 3fF; sf6\g] Ond lnPsf] dfG5] 3fF;
f6] a]rL hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm . 3f;] lj) [3fF;P] != 3fF; sf6\g] a]Rg] Ond lnPsf] . @=
3fF;sf] 3fF;;DaGwL . ~ uLt gf) 3fF;Lxn] ufpg] uLt 3fF; sf6\tf ufOg] Ps k|sfsf] nf]su
Lt (sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf sfF7 To;b]lv lgs6 k"j{klZrdsf e]udf a9L k|rlnt) . ~ 8f]sf
] gf) 3fF;kft ubf{ af]Sg] kfgL8f]sf]eGbf 7"nf] vfnsf] 8f]sf] . 3fOt] lj) [;+) 3ft]
!= rf]6k6s nfu]sf] 3fon . @= h'jfdf vfn]n] k};f dflPsf] (RofFv]) . 3fp gf) [;+) 3f
t] != ut cfpg] uL s'g} xltofaf6 nfu]sf] jf s'6lk6, 7Ss cflbaf6 ePsf] rf]6 . @= k'm6]
sf] jf lklnPsf] vl6f] . ~ k'5fpgL gf) s'6\g]n] s'l6g]nfO{ lbg] wg . 3fvt gf) [;+) 3
ftIft] rf]6k6s rf]6 hvd . 3fu8fg3f38fg lj) [lx) 3f3] != v'a cg'ejL rnfv . @= w]} l;k
n' kf]Vt lgk'0f .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3ftf
\sl3lrldf] 7'Fuf7'Fu . @= 7Sssf 7Ss d'Ssfsf d'Ssf . #= o;f] uF ls p;f] uFsf] cj

O{ dgdf p7]sf] ;
\3if{ dfgl;s G . 3ftf
\s gf) [;+)] s'g} ;
\VofnfO{ s'g} ;
\Vofn] u'0ff
lgl:sPsf] ;
\Vof u'0fgkmn . 3ftL lj) [;+)] != 3ft jf k|xf ug]{ xfGg] . @= xTof ug]{ x
off] . #= gfz ug]{ laufg]{ . 3fg gf) [;+) 3g] != Ps k6sdf e'l6g], s'l6g], kf]lng],
ksfOg] jf ;'sfOg] cGg cflb j:t'sf] dfqf . @= Ps k6sdf s'g} sfddf nufOg], k7fOg]
cflb j:t' jf dflg;sf] ;d"x . #= s'g} x"nd"ndf k] ePsf] kqmfp jf ;hfo . $= cfOk]sf]
s'g} sfd . > 3fgL gf) sn, sf]n cflbsf] cf]vn 3fg xfNg] efF8f] . 3fK;] xfNg' c) lqm)
6') o'jso'jtLn] Psn] csf{nfO{ k|]dn] elPsf s'fn] 3f]r] eGg' dfofn] 5]8k]r xfGg' . 3
faGbf]a:t gf) [3faGbf]a:t] zflGt;lGw jf ;Demf}tfsf] sfd . (pbf) g]kfn ef]6sf aLrdf
w]} kN6 3faGbf]a:t ePsf] lyof] .) 3fd gf) [;+) 3d{] != ;"o{sf] tfko'Qm k|sfz ;"o{sf
] fk w"k . @= ;"o{ . ~ lsL gf) ufOg] sLf] oflnGrf (8ugnfO) . ~ 5fof gf) != 3fd
m]n . @= ;'v b'Mv . ~ e'mNsf] gf) 3fdsf] e'mNsf] ;"of]{bo . 3fd8 lj) [ 3dG8] != 3dG8
L cledfgL . @= xQ]f] . #= c;lhnf] cK7]f] . $= ca'em gf;dem . 3fd kfgL gf) [3fdkfgL]
3fd nflux]sf a]nfdf k]sf] kfgL 3fd kfgL . @= ;'v b'Mv . 3fon lj) [;+) 3fts] 3fprf]6
nfu]sf] 3fOt] . 3f gf) [3] 7"nf] df]6f] sf7nfO{ leq vf]k] agfOPsf] jf afs;h:tf], df}
a:g] 3 df}Lsf] u'F8 df}Lsf] 5ftf] kf]nf] . 3f3f 3'3' lqm) lj) [3f3' (l))] !=
lx+;s | kz'xn] cfk'm;df emu8f ubf{ sfpg] rfndf . gf) @= To:tf] cfjfh . 3f3' lqm) lj)
[c) d") 3' \ c (l))] != dxL kfbf{ zAb lg:sg] uL . @= g]tL tfg]em}F s'g} j:t' tfGg] r
fndf . gf) #= h;f]t;f] uL sfd ug]{ 9
\u . $= kf
\uf| ePsf ;jfLx rNbf cfpg] zAb . %= cfk
'm;sf] emu8f afemf] snx ] lj) != 3f3' ug]{ . gf) @= t]hkftsf u8a8L . > 3f3' h:tf kf
;|f] 8fF7 x'g] sfF8fbf a'6f]ljz]if . #= Ps lsl;dsf] afnv]n . 3fL gf) != ofDd k]sf] af
Snf] h
\un . @= n]ssf] km]bL jf a];Lsf dfemsf] ;;fgf] jg . #= km]bL jf 3fFrsf] hld
g . $= afF;, lgufnf], s]f cflbsf] emf
.
354

3f] lj) [3ff]P] 3ff]h:tf] 3ff] ePsf] . 3f]3'] gf) kmn tsfL vfOg] kft a:t'nfO{
Ps hftsf] l6ldnf] . 3ff] gf) != nfdf], 8f]nf] sf7 nf7f] . @= d'bf{ af]Sg] afF; . 3
fn ;) lqm) xfNg' (k|frLg g]kfnLdf) . 3fn3'n lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'n\c (l))] b'O{ yL emf]
n j:t' ldnfpgnfO{ xNnfpg] jf To;L xNnfpFbf zAb lg:sg] uL 3f]Ng] jf ld;fpg] lsl;dn] x
'F8Ng] 9
\udf . 3fNn lqm) lj) [c) d") 3fn\n] kGofnf] j:t' kf]lvFbf jf vGofpFbf cfjfh
cfpg] lsl;dn] . 3fNn lqm) lj) To:tf] zAb k6sk6s cfOxg] uL . 3fxf gf) [;+) 3ft] 3f 3
p . l3p gf) [;+) 3[t] b"w, bxL dy] lgsflng] ;f j:t' kufn]sf] jf vf]sf] gf}gL 3[t o"
sldnf] gf) l3pdf nfUg] ;fgf] hftsf] sldnf] . s'dfL gf) leqkl n:;fbf kbfy{ xg], s]Q'
f h:tf kft x'g], aLrsf 8fF7df ;fgf kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg], kf]n]sf 7fpFdf nufpFbf zL
tn ug]{ ljiffn' vl6fdf cf}ifwL nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 . ~ s]f gf) dl;gf sf];f x'g] P
s hftsf] s]f jf To;}sf] af]6 . v] gf) l3pdf e'6] jf d'5] vfOg] v] . ~ vfgL gf) !=
fg] eg] ;fx"n] cf;fdLl;t lng], ;fpF Aofhafx]ssf] wg . @= }s jf latf{ hUufdf nufOPsf
] sd jf b:t' . #= l3p w]} x'g] 7fpF . ~ vf];f{gL gf) lkf] sd x'g] df]6f] nfdf] vfnsf
vf];f{gL . ~ lrpf gf) != l3pdf ld;fP jf e'6] vfOg] lrpf . @= b'O{ cf]7 ;dft] l3plr
cf]7 hf]8\g] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . ~ af]8L gf) leq ftf u]8f x'g] df]6f] 5f]6f] vfn
sf] Ps hftsf] af]8L . ~ e]8f] gf) != kl5Nnf b'j} ;k]6fsf leqkl af];} af];f] elP kf]s
f] x'g] Ps hftsf] e]8f] . ~ dflg; gf) gd :jefjsf] a]; dfG5] . ~ gf) l3psf] h:tf] kx]
Fnf]kx]Fnf] xNsf . ~ f]6L gf) 3]j em . ~ l;dL gf) l5lKkFbf klg sdnf] x'g] af]qmf
L efudf ;]tf];]tf] l3ph:t} b]lvg] Ps hftsf] l;dL . l3r\g' ;) lqm) != gfd|f] lsl;dn]
vfg' x;'g{' . @= csf{nfO{ dg gkg]{ uL vfg' cGofo jf ckdfg x'g] uL vfg' . > l3rGtfd\ l
j) w]} vfg vf]Hg] l3lrxg] . l3rfO gf) l3Rg] sfd jf k|lqmof . l3rfOg' s) lqm) l3Rg nfO
g' x;'fOg' . l3rfpg' k|) ] lqm) l3Rg nfpg' dg gkg]{ uL sann] v'jfpg' x;'fpg' . l3rf
!= gfd|f] rfnn] vfg] l3Rg] . @= w]} vfg] chL0f{ jf ckr x'g] uL vfg] l3rfxf . l3rfxf
l3Rg] l3r'jf l3rf; . l3lrg' s) lqm) gfd|f] lsl;dn] vfOg' . l3lrldf] gf) jiff{ofddf k
gL k] lx;s]kl5 df6fd'lgaf6

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

355

l3r'jfl3;f\g' l3Gtfd'gL gf) [l3Gtf d'lg] != dfbn ahfP gfRg] Ps k|sfsf] gfr . @= To:t
r gfRg] JolQm . l3l3 lqm) lj) [c) d") l3\ c (l))] != kf\uf | nfu]sf] j:t' l3;fbf{ jf
fpFbf zAb cfpg] uL . @= 3'f]{ 3'Dbf cfjfh lg:sg] rfndf . > l3l3fO gf) l3l3 zAb cfpg]
mof jf k|lqmof . l3l3fOg' c) lqm) l3l3 xf]Og' . l3l3fpg' c) lqm) l3l3 cfjfh cfpg'
l3l3 ug]{ . l3l gf) [c) d") l3\ O] != lrKn] jf l3;|] v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n lrKn
sfdsf] c;kmntf jf ljkmntf . #= l3gL{ l3f]{ . l3f}n f] gf) [l3pcf}Fnf]] v;|f rf];f
;f k]sf kft, kx]Fnf k"mn nfdfnfdf kmn kmNg], g
\u|f x'g] Ps hftsf] nxf] jf tsfL vfOg]
To;}sf] kmn tf]lofF . l3sf}nf] gf) lgufn] pv'sf h:tf kft 8fF7 x'g], gLnf k"mn k'mNg]
, e'mKkfe'mKkf k] ljleGg sf lrNnf kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . l3gL{ gf) [l3\
= ul8g], 3l;|g] 3f]l6g] 7fpFdf hl8g] wft' jf sf7sf ;fgf kf\u|f . @= 8f]nf 8G8Ldf 3
'Dg], kllwdf vfN8f] k]sf] kf\u|f] l3f]{ . ~ kf\uf | ] gf) hldgd'lgsf] kfgL lgsfNg] P
|sfsf] ;fwg . l3{ lqm) lj) [c) d") l3\ ] kf\u|f nfu]sf] j:t' l3;fbf{ jf u'8fpFbf zAb
g] lsl;dn] . ~ l3{ lqm) lj) To:tf] zAb k6sk6s cfpg] uL . l3f{ gf) [l3{ cf] s'g} j:t'
fP n}hfgnfO{ ;lhnf] kfg{ hl8Psf] kf\u|f] . l3l{g' c) lqm) [l3{ O g'] kf\u|f] nfu]sf]
3{ cfjfh cfpg] uL tflgg' . l3f] { gf) [l3{ cf]] 3'dfO{3'dfO{ v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] af6'n
sfsf] v]nf}gf jf To;}sf] v]n . l3of{O gf) [ l3of{p (cfO)] l3of{pg] sfd jf k|lqmof .
{Og' s) lqm) l3{ cfjfh cfpg] uL tflgg' l3of{pg] sfd ulg' . l3of{pg' ;) lqm) [l3{o
fjfh cfpg] uL tfGg' l3::ofpg' . l3ln{
gf) vf]nf jf gbLdf jfkf ugf{sf lglDt 6fFluPsf n
f e'mG8fOPsf], dflg; a:g x'g], ;fgf]df sf]qmf]h:tf] b]lv 7"nf]df df]6 tfg{ x'g; ]
Ddsf], tfg] jf oGqff rnfOg] ;fwg jf jfxg Ps k|sfsf] t'Og . ~ af6f] gf) l3ln{
6fFlug]
l3ln{
eP uOg] af6f] l3ln{
h:tf] af6f] . l3jfn' lj) [l3pcfn'] w]} l3p nfUg] . l3;f\
m) [;+) 3[if\] s'g} j:t'nfO{ gprfnL tfGg' l3RRofpg' l3::ofpg' l3of{pg' . > l3;ffO gf)
l3;fg]{

lg:sg] kv]6fbf sLf] l5lrldf] . l3r'jf lj) [l3r\ pjf] l3Rg] l3rf; . l3rf}6L gf) [l3r\
l3::ofpg] l3;fldfUg] Ps k|sfsf] 36gf jf v]n . l3lRrg' c) lqm) != s;}ff tflgg' lvl
l:;g' . @= ;sLg;sL lxF8\g' . #= sann] dfq hfg' . l3Rr' lj) [l3r\ p] l3r'jf l3rf; l3rfx
. l3Rr" lj) x]) l3Rr' . l3RRofO gf) [ l3lRr (ofO)] l3lRrg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] l3RRofOg' s) lqm) l3lRrg] kflg' l3;flg' . ~ d'G6fO gf) l3RRofpg] d'G6fpg] sf
ofO d'G6fO n5fk5f . l3RRofpg' ;) lqm) [l3lRr ofp g'] != xftdf jf 8f]L, k6'sf cflbd
g' lvRg' l3;fg'{ . @= hah:tLl;t n}hfg' l3::ofpg' . > l3RRofx6 gf) l3lRrg] sfd jf cj:y
f l3lRrg]sf] u'xf jf k'sf . l3r|f ] gf) 3f]qmf] (t'R5fy{df k|foM kz'sf]) . l36Ll36L
qm) lj) != dg]{ a]nf ;f; f]lsO{ y's lgNg klg ufx|f] x'g] lsl;dn] . gf) @= clGtd c
j:yf ;f; hfg nfu]sf] l:ylt . l36\sf] gf) [c) d") l36\ sf]] != RofkRofk 3fF6L ;'s]sf
cj:yfdf y's lgNbf pTkGg x'g] zAb . @= tn kbfy{ 3'6'Ss lgNbfv]lsf] cfjfh . l38l38 gf
) != s'g} s'fsf lglDt c5]p cL lnP ulg] k|fy{gf jf ss . @= dgsf] k|an OR5f leqL rfxg
f] . > l38l38fO gf) l38l38fpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . l38l38fOg' s) lqm) l38l38 ulg' . l3
8l38fpg' ;) lqm) cfgf] sfo{l;l4sf lglDt csf{nfO{ lbSs nfUg] uL k'sfg'{ l38l38 ug'{ .
l38l38] lj) l38l38 ug]{ 3838] . l38l38f] lj) != 5f]8g \ klg g;lsg] :jLsf ulxfNg klg
gx'g] . @= slQ g} ;DemfPa'emfP klg gdfGg] Psf]xf]f] . #= dg{ nfu]sf] cwdf] . gf) $=
cfF6]sf] sfd ug{ gkfpFbf x'g] dgsf] a]r}gL . %= wf]sf] clGtd OR5f . l3g gf) [;+) 3
[0ff] s'g} dg gkbf]{ jf kmf]x s'f] b]Vtf dgdf x'g] l;sl;sf] 3Lg 3[0ff . ~ nfUbf] lj)
!= kmf]x kmf]xL . @= cgfrfL . :qL) l3gnfUbL . > l3gfO gf) l3gfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
of . l3gfOg' c) lqm) l3g dflgg' . l3gfpg' c) lqm) != l3g dfGg' l;sl;sf] nfUg' lbuldu
fpg' . ;) lqm) @= 3[0ff ug'{ l5Ml5M b"b" ug'{ . l3gfxf lj) l3gnfUbf] kmf]xL b'i6 .
f l3Gtf lqm) lj) [c) d") l3Gtf\ c (l))] != dfbn ahfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= T
;L cfPsf] tLvf] cfjfh .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

l3;|g'3'u'tL lqmof jf k|lqmof . l3;flg' s) lqm) l3;fg]{ sfd ulg' . l3;|g' c) lqm) x]
;|g' . > l3;|fO gf) l3;|g] sfd jf k|lqmof . l3;|fOg' s) lqm) l3;|g] kflg' . l3;|fpg
' ;) lqm) l3;fg'{ . l3l;|g' c) lqm) 3l;|g' . l3:o|fO gf) l3l;|g] sfd jf k|lqmof . l
3:o|fOg' s) lqm) l3l;|g] kflg' . l3:o|fpg' k|) ] lqm) l3l;|g] kfg'{ l3l;|g nfpg' . l
3:o|fx6 gf) l3l;|g] sfd jf cj:yf . l3:;f gf) aUuLdf nfUg] 3f]8f ;wfpgsf nflu aUuLs
f] ;f tfGg nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] ofg . l3l:;g' c) lqm) [;+) 3[if\ O g'] != l3lRrg' tflgg'
= csf] sandf k] hfg' . #= 3f]l6P yf]qf] x'g' . > l3::ofO gf) l3l:;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. l3::ofOg' s) lqm) l3;flg' l3RRofOg' . l3::ofpg' ;) lqm) != l3;fg'{ l3RRofpg' . @= t
fGg' lvRg' . #= pkof]u u] yf]qf] kfg'{ . l3::ofx6 gf) l3l:;g] sfd jf cj:yf . 3'S s l
m) lj) [c) d") 3'Fs\s] gdfOnf]l;t jf lrQ b'vfP cfjfh lgsfnL ?g] uL d'6'df eSsfgf] kfL
jf kg]{ uL ?g] lsl;dn] . ~ 3'S s lqm) lj) g6'6fO{ jf Psgf;l;t 3'FSs ug]{ lsl;dn] .
3'u ? gf) x]) 3'Fu'f 3'
? . 3'uL gf) != lgufn] lrt'jf . @= z
\vh:tf] u'F8df a:g] Ps
f] sLf] . #= To;}sf] z
\vh:tf] u'F8 . $= csf{n] eg]sf] gvfg] Psf]xf]f] :jefjsf] JolQ
m . 3'u ' f gf) != xNnfpFbf 5d5d cfjfh cfpg], ;fgf;fgf 306L hl8Psf], uf]8fdf afFl
wg], Ps k|sfsf] uxgf rfFk 3'
'/f . @= kmnk"mnsf nxfsf] g
\u|f . #= skfn cflbdf kg]{ d'G
|f . $= b'ud { :yfgdf hfg] x'nfsLsf nLdf hl8Psf] 5Nof{
5Nof{
ug]{ j:t' . jfn gf) != 3
'Fu'f nufpg] jf a]Rg] . @= 3'Fu'f ahfpFb} lxF8\g] . #= 3'Fu'f x'g] . 3'u l' g' c) l
[3'u F ' f] O g'] af6'nf] kg'{ 3'ld|g' u'8 F l' Nsg' . 3'u'f] lj) != af6'nf] k]sf]
sf] 3'd]sf] 3'
'/f] . gf) @= x]) 3'Fu'f . 3'u'ls{g' c) lqm) 3'Fu'f] kg'{ d'Gb|f kg'
] x'g' . > 3'u'Sof{O gf) 3'Fu'ls{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3'u'Sof{Og' s) lqm) 3'Fu'ls{g
] kflg' . 3'u'Sof{pg' k|]) lqm) 3'Fu'ls{g] kfg'{ d'Gb|fd'Gb|f agfpg' . 3'u'Sof{x6 gf)
3'u F l' s{g] lsl;d jf cj:yf . 3'u S ' of{xf lj) 3'Fu'ls{g] . l ' (ofO)] 3'Fu'lg]
fd jf k|lqmof . 3'u ' ofO gf) [ 3'u [ > ] 3'u'ofOg' s) lqm) 3'Fu'f] kflg' 3'Fu'
. 3'u'ofpg' k|]) lqm) 3'Fu'f] kfg'{ af6'nf] jf uf]nfsf kfg'{ . 3'u'ofx6 gf) 3'u F
fd jf cj:yf . 3'u ] gf) != 3'FuL vfg] JolQm . @= s;}nfO{ x]o 7fg] ufnL ulg] zAb .
:qL) 3'FuL .
356

3'u s '| ] lj) [3'u F S '| sP] != 3'u F S '| s k]sf] 3'dl' s{Psf] 3'u F l' s{Psf]
. 3'u|'Ss3'
'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'u F s '| \ s] 3'Fu'f kg]{ uL d'Gb|f kg]{ lsl;d
3 ' gf) [c) d") 3'F (l))] ;'Fu' (afnaf]nLdf) . > 3'3' gf) ;'Fu', aFb]n, a
\u'
lg:sg] zAb jf cfjfh . F f] . @= d'Vo 7fpF 3'8f gf) [3'F8f]sf] lt) )] != x]) 3'8 (l
bJo)) . ~ 3'8 f lj) != 3'8 F f;Dd cfpg] (kfgL) . @= 3'F8f;Dd k'u]sf] (s6\6,' wf]t
L cflb) . ~ w;fO gf) w]} ldlxg]t jf an ug]{ sfd . ~ d'tfO gf) lau|b F f] jf lgwf]{
rfn (pbf) o:tf] 3'F8fd'tfOn] klg s] sfd x'G5 ) . 3'8 L gf) [;+) 3'l06s] != t'gf jf
6fFssf] ;f6f] k:of}6fdf 3';fg]{ uL agfPsf] wft' jf sk8f cflbsf] 8Nnf] Ps k|sfsf] 6f
Fs . @= bfDnfsf Ps 5]psf 6'Kkfsf] ufF7f] . ~ vf]kf | ] gf) 3'F8Lb]lv d'lg jf k5fl
8klsf] vf]laN6f] . ~ 3 gf) 3'F8f k;fpgsf lglDt bf]Ao|fOPsf] t'g' k:of}6f] . 3'8 ] l
) [3'F8f]P] != df]6f jf 7"nf 3'F8f x'g] 3'F8fh:tf] 3'8 F f;Dd cfpg] . @= hft jf k
\lQ
mdf nfUg] . ~ efu gf) hGtL cfPsf lbg b'nxLtkm{af6 b'nfxfnfO{ lbOg] hGt]afv|f] vfg
] lbg b'nfxfltsfn] b'nxLnfO{ lbOg] ljz]if efu . ~ ;'?jfn gf) 3'F8f;Dd cfpg] ;'?jfn
nfdf] ;'?jfn sf6] 3'F8f;Dd flvPsf] a'Rr] ;'?jfn hfF3] . 3'8 f] gf) [;+) 3'06] lt3|f
lk8f}Fnfsf aLrsf] cl3Nnf] efudf 8Nnf] jf kf
\u|f]h:tf] eO{ p7]sf] c
\u lt3|f lk8f}Fnf
sf] hf]gL{ k]sf] 7fpF . 3'Ol sg' c) lqm) != s'g} j:t' j]ul;t hfg' x'lQg' . @= xflgg'
. #= laTg' dg'{ gfl;g' . $= s'g} sfd ;lhn}l;t aGg' jf tfd]n x'g' . > 3'OS ofO gf)
3'OFlsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3'OS ofOg' s) lqm) 3'OFlsg] kflg' . 3'OS ofpg' ;) lqm)
!= s'g} j:t'nfO{ hf]8l;t ofFSg' j]un] x'Tofpg' xfGg' . @= s'g} sfd ;lhn}l;t kf nfpg'
. #= ; ug'{ lhTg' . 3'Or f] gf) w]} dflg;xsf] eL8ef8 3GrdGr 3rff] 7]nd7]n . 3'O
gkfOFbf] uL ;'lgPsf] leqL s'f] xNnf . ~ 3'Of] gf) leqleq} rn]sf] xNnf vf;v'; uNnLxN
. 3's\g' c) lqm) s's' sfpg' e'Sg' . > 3'sfO gf) 3'Sg] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3'sfOg' s) lq
3'Sg nfOg' e'sfOg' . 3'sfpg' k|]) lqm) 3'Sg] kfg'{ e'sfpg' . 3'sfx6 gf) 3'Sg] rfn jf
cj:yf . 3'sfxf lj) 3'Sg] e'sfxf . 3'lsg' s) lqm) 3'Sg] sfd ulg' e'lsg' . 3'ut ' L gf
!= cfk"m pQfg' ;'t] v'DRofOPsf b'j} v'fdf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

357

3'?3'dlkm kbfy{sf] kldf0f . @= To;L lgNbf lg:sg] zAb . > 3'6s \ f] gf) ;fgf] 3'6s \ L
. 3'6S \ ofO gf) 3'6S \ ofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3'6\SofOg' s) lqm) 3'6\Sofpg] sfd u
lg' . 3'6\Sofpg' ;) lqm) kGofnf] kbfy{ 3'6S ' s lgNg' . 3'6S \ ofx6 gf) 3'6\Sofpg]
sfd, k|lqmof jf cj:yf . \ 6] emf]n j:t' lgNbf 3fF6Laf6 3' lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'6 zAb
pTkGg x'g] uL . ~ 3' lqm) lj) To:tf] zAb k6sk6s cfPh:t} . 3'0f gf) [;+)] != cGg . @=
x]) 3'g . > 3'0ffIf Gofo gf) 3'gn] kft vfFb} hfFbf ;+of]ujz s'g} cIf ag]h:t} ldlxg
]t guL s'g} sfd l;4 x'g] k|lqmof . 3'qS ' s lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'q's\ s] != s'gfdf Psf
lt uP 3';|g] lsl;dn] 3';|'Ss 3'Kn'Ss . @= t'?Gt} dbf{sf] rfndf v'q'Ss . 3'g gf) [;+)
'0f] cGg, sf7kft cflbdf nfUg], k'm;|f sfnf sf kv]6f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] sLf] 3'0f
3'g3'g lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'g\ c (l))] edf, dfx'L cflb p8\bf jf sfpFbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn
e'ge'g . > 3'g3'gfO gf) 3'g3'g ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3'g3'gfOg' s) lqm) 3'g3'g u
lg' e'ge'gfOg' . 3'g3'gfpg' c) lqm) edf, dfx'L cflb p8\bf jf sfpFbf 3'g3'g zAb lg:sg'
. 3'g3'gfx6 gf) 3'g3'gfpg] sfd, rfn jf cj:yf . 3'G8L gf) != bd lbg] ;'O{ ldnfpg] 3
8Lsf Psfklsf] ;fgf] 8Nnf] k'hf{ . @= rvf{sf] xftf] xtf}8L 3'F8L . jfn lj) 3'G8L nfu]
sf] 3'G8L ePsf] . 3'Gg lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'g \ g] edf, dfx'L cflb p8\bf jf sfpFbf zAb
g:sg] uL . 3'Gofxf lj) [3'g cfxf] 3'g nfUg] 3'gn] vfPsf] (cGg, sf7kft cflb) . 3'Kn'Ss
lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'Kn's\ s] != efF8f] 3f]lK6g] jf efF8fdf x]sf] j:t' Ps}rf]l6 kf]lv
g] rfnem}F . @= dflg; PSsfl; 3f]K6f] k] n8\g] uL . 3'd \ g' c) lqm) != sdhf]L cflbn]
Ss vfg' l\g' rSsfpg' . @= dlGb, d08k cflbnfO{ klqmdf ug'{ k|blIf0ff ug'{ . #= otfp
' 6xNg' . $= sfd g sfhl;t nvfpg' cNnflg' . 3'd gf) [;+) s'Daf] rf]ofn] a'g]sf b'O6f l
qf leqaflx kfL aLrdf kftn] 5fk]sf], nflDrnf], rfs'g] b'Okfv] 5ftf jf cf]9f] :ofv' .
3'dSs8 lj) [3'd\ cSs8] 3'dlkm ug]{ afgL ePsf] 8'Ng] :jefjsf] 3'dj ' f 8'nj ' f. 3'd3fd
f) [3'd \ 3'd] \ 3'Dg]lkmg]{ sfd 8'n8fn lxF88'n . 3'dlkm gf) [3'd\ lkm\] otfptf 3'Dg]
g]{ sfd 8'nlkm

s]6fs]6LnfO{ fvL pkmfb}{ v]nfpg] sfd u'3'tL . @= kfn jf sk8f la5fOPsf 7fpFdf s]6fs]6
Ln] d'G6f] 6]s ] kn{Ss kN6Fb} v]Ng] v]n . #= 9's' . 3'? gf)x]) 3'Fu? . 3'/ ' f gf)x])
3'Fu'/f . 3'/ ' f] gf)x]) 3'Fu'/f] . 3'\lg' c) lqm) [3''f] O g'] x]) 3'Fu'lg' . 3'
+nfh:tf u]8f kmNg], pv'h:tf] Ps hftsf] af]6 . @= afF; cflbsf 8G7Lsf] 6'Kkf] s'Ro
fP u'hN ' 6f p7fPsf], wfdLnfO{ rflxg] j:t' . #= d'Gb|L k]sf] s]z . 3'8's ] x]) 3'Fu|
's] . 3''Ss lqm)lj)x]) 3'Fu'|Ss . 3'r]6\g' ;) lqm) [3r]6\ g'] x]) 3r]6g \ ' . > 3'r]6f
gf) 3'r6 ] g \ ] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3'r6 ] fOg' s) lqm) 3'r6 ] g \ nfOg' . 3'r6 ] f
pg' k|) ] lqm) 3'r6 ] g \ nfpg' 3r]6fpg' . 3'rl ] 6g' s) lqm) 3'r6 ] g \ ] sfd ulg' 3
r]l6g' . 3'Rr lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'r \ r] 3':;f jf 3'RrL lbg] rfndf To;f] ubf{ zAb lg
:s]em}F uL . 3'Rrf gf) [3'Rr cf] != ;fx|f] uL 7f8f d'8\sLn] sf]vfdf xfGg] sfd . @= s'
lxg' jf s'dsf] wSsf lbg] xgfO . 3'RrL gf) ;fgf]7"nf] w]} 3'Rrf . 3'RrL gf) [3'Rrf O{]
!= ;fgf] 3'Rrf . @= 3'Rrf . #= ~ v]Ng' 6') b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L JolQmn] s'lxgf
jf a6flPsf d'7Lff k:kdf xfgfxfg uL v]Ng] sfd . ~ xfGg' 6') s'lxgf jf a6flPsf d'7Lf
sf{sf] sf]vf] tfs] xfGg' . 3'Rr's gf) unfsf] kl5Nnf] efu 3fF6Lsf] kl5lNtsf] lx:;f uw{
g . 3'RRofO gf) [ 3'RRofp (cfO)] 3'RRofpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3'RRofOg' s) lqm)
3'Rrf xflgg' . 3'RRofpg' ;) lqm) [3'Rrf ofp g'] != 3'Rrf xfGg' 3'RrL lbg' 3':;f dfg'{ .
@= 3r]6\g' 7]Ng' . > 3'RRofx6 gf) 3'RRofpg] sfd, rfn jf cj:yf . 3'63'6 lqm) lj) [c)
d") 3'6 \ c (l))] kGofnf] j:t' lgNg] jf To;L lgNbf 3fF6Laf6 zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . >
3'63'6L gf) 3'63'6 kfg]{ sfd . 3'6'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'6s ' \ s] b"w, kfgL, cf}i
fwL cflb kGofnf] kbfy{ Ps} 3'6s \ fdf lgNg] u/L jf To;L lgNbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] .
3'6'3'6' lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'6 \ p (l))] != emf]lnnf] kbfy{ clncln u] lgNg] lsl;dn] .
@= cn] vfPsf] b]Vtf y's lglng] rfndf . 3'6s \ L gf) [c) d") 3'6 \ sL] != Ps k6sdf l
glng] emf]n

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3'df8L3'fg lxF88'n . 3'df8L gf) [3'd f8L] 3'dh:tf] b'O{kfv] kfL 6fpsfdf h'f];d]t lg
f8L aSv' . 3'dfO gf) [ 3'd\ (cfO)] 3'Dg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3'dfOg' s) lqm) 3'Dg
nfOg' lFufOg' . 3'dfp gf) 3'dfj . 3'dfpg' k|]) lqm) 3'Dg] sfd ufpg' lFufpg' 8'nfpg'
dfpg] lj) [3'd \ cfpg]] != 3'Dg nfpg] 3'dfPsf] l
fpg] . @= 3'dfpf] k]sf] km]f] kfg
) 3'dfpf] 5fgf] ePsf] 3 kfvf g5'lg] uL agfOPsf], af6'nf] 5fgf] ePsf] 3 . ~ rf}tff]
lkl 3'dfP j[Qfsf kfL agfOPsf] rf}tff] . ~ 6kL gf) jlkl la6 fv] j[Qfsf x'g] uL
vfnsf] 6kL . ~ bx gf) != kfgLsf] rSsf 3'ds ] f] b]lvg] jf e'j F L k]sf] bx . @= lFuf
pg] vfnsf], sxfnLnfUbf] bx . 3'dfpf] lj) [3'd\cfpf]] 3'd]sf] km]f] k]sf] af
\uf]l6
f] gePsf] (af6f], vf]nf], s'f] O)) . 3'dfj gf) [ 3'd\cfp] ;de"lddf b]lvg] gbLsf] df]
8 3'DtL . 3'ldg' c) lqm) [3'd \ Og'] 3'Dg] sfd ulg' rSs vfOg' . 3'dL lkmL lqm) lj)
O{lkm\O{] ;a}lt 3'd ] 3'dlkm jf 3'd3fd u] . 3'dj ' f lj) [3'd \ pjf] 3'dlkm ug
sf] 8'n'jf 3'dSs8 . 3'df}6f] gf) [3'd \ cf}6f]] != 3'D6f] . lj) @= 3'dfpf] 3'd'jf km
kg]{ . 3'df}f] lj) [3'd\cf}f]] x]) 3'dfpf] . 3'D6L gf) [3'D6f]O{] laxfdf b'nxLsf] lz
g] l;tff, hL cflb hl8Psf] emnemn ug]{ d"Nojfg\ k5f}f . 3'D6f] gf) [;+) u'07] != k|foM
ljjflxt :qLxn] dof{bfsf lglDt skfn 5f]Kg] k5f}f skfn 9fSg] k5f}L jf ;fLsf] km] 5f
D6L . @= cfdf, afa' cflb cfTdLo hg dbf{ kg]{ ;+:sfsd{cg';fsf] cfzf}r jf h'7f] . #=
cfsfzdf ylkFb} jf w'lDdFb} uPsf] afbnsf] c+z . (pbf) lxdfndfly afbnn] ev{} 3'D6f]
xfn]sf] lyof] .) > 3'D6f}nL lj) 3'D6fn] lz 5f]k]sL 3'D6f] xfn]sL . \ tL] != 3'dfpf] k
sf] af6f] 3'Dg'kg]{ 7fpF 3'DtL gf) [3'd s'x'g]6f] df]8 . lj) @= 3'Dg] vfnsf] 3'd]sf]
dfpf] . ~ cbfnt gf) ;sfaf6 lhNnflhNnfdf l5Gg afFsL x]sf d'2fdfldnfx l5gfpg b'lgofFn
kLdsf{ k]df GofoOG;fkm lbglbnfpg bf}8fxfsf kdf v8f ulPsf] cbfnt . ~ c:ktfn gf) hgtfd
f :jf:Yo;]jf k'ofpg lhNnflhNnf jf ufpFufpFdf 3'Dg] Joj:yf ulPsf] jf To;L cf+lzs ;do
sf lglDt s'g} 7fpFdf rnfOPsf] c:ktfn . ~
358

v]tL gf) gofFgofF 7fpF km]] jf Ps afnL kfStf gkfSt} csf]{ afnL nufpg] uL ulg] v]tL .
~ k':tsfno gf) uf8L jf ofgff k|dv ' :yndf 3'Db} ;j{;fwf0f ;b:oxnfO{ k':ts n]gb]gsf] ;
]jf k'ofpg] jf s'g} 7"nf] k':tsfnosf] To:tf] c\u . ~ lns gf) f]kj] Soflo cfpFbfhfFbf
];gdf u'8\g agfOPsf] lns . 3'ld|g' c) lqm) [ 3'Fu'lg'] 3'Fu'lg' d'Gb|f kg'{ . F l' P
. 3'd ]| lj) [3'ld|P] != 3'df| ] k]sf] d'Gb|fh:tf] ag]sf] 3'u @= a]sDdf sfd gnfUg] .
3'Do|fO gf) [ 3'ld| (ofO)] 3'ld|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3'Do|fOg' s) lqm) 3'ld|g
] kflg' . 3'Do|fpg' ;) lqm) 3'u F ' ofpg' . 3'Do|fx6 gf) 3'ld|g] sfd jf cj:yf . 3'D
o|fxf lj) 3'ld|g] vfnsf] . 3'o]qf] gf) [3'd\oqf]] 8f]Lsf] aLrdf 9'
\uf] fvL xftn] 3'd
fGg] Ps lsl;dsf] c:q . 3'\g' c) lqm) [c) d") 3'\ g'] != lgbfPsf a]nfdf 3fF6Laf6 3'3'
lg:sg' . @= 3'{3'{ zAb cfpg] uL 9's ' , k]jf cflb af]Ng' . #= dxL kfbf{ 3f3' zAb l
. 3'! gf) [k|f) 3"f] != lt3|f, hfF3 (h:tf] 3' hf]g'{, 3' yfKg', 3' yfk] ;'Tg' O))
sfv . #= ;'Tg] 7fpF zog:yfg, cf]5fg la5f}gf . lj) $= cb[Zo gb]lvg] (h:tf] 3'd}nf] .)
gf) k]jf, df5f cflbsf] u'F8 . 3'# gf) [d})] of;, lemFu6f cflb 3'fg . 3' gf) dw];df
;x ahflt emf;d'; afn] cfuf] tfKg agfOg] cu]g' 3"/ . 3'3' lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'\ c (l
fPsf a]nf 3fF6Laf6 zAb lg:sg] uL . @= 9's', k]jf cflb sfpg] lsl;dn] . #= dxL kfbf{ z
Ab lg:sg] rfn;Fu . > 3'3'fO gf) 3'3'fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3'3'fOg' s) lqm) lgb|fd
zAb lgsflng' 3'3' cfjfh cfpg] kflg' . 3'3'fpg' lqm) != lgbfPsf a]nfdf 3fF6Laf6 zAb l
Ng' 3'{3'{ zAb ug'{ . @= k]jf, 9's' cflb sfpg' 3'g'{ . #= dxL kfbf{ zAb lg:sg' . 3'
f) 3'3'fpg] sfd jf cj:yf . F ' , a\u ' cflb sfpFbfsf] cfjfh 3'3 F ' . 3'0f gf)
3'd}nf] lj) [3' d}nf]] != clncln afbn nfu]sf] ghflgFbf] d}nf] . @= cFWoff]cFWoff] jf
f5fxf k]sf] . 3'fO gf) [ 3'\ (cfO)] 3'g]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3'fOg' s) lqm)
Og' . 3'fpg' k|) ] lqm) 3'g{ nfpg' . 3'fg gf) [3'cfg] != w"nf]d"nf], sl;
\u cflbsf]
] . @= dn cflb kmf]xf] j:t'sf] y'k|f] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

359

3'lg'3';|g' 3';3'; ug]{ 5f;5'; s'f nfpg] r'SnL nfpg] d';d'Gb|] . 3';d'lG6g' c) lqm
'G6f] O g'] != e'Od +{ f d'v hf]ltg] uL k5flg' 3';d'G6f] x'g] uL n8\g' . @= plelG8g' 3
K6g' . 3';d'G6] lj) [3';d'G6f] P] != e'Ol+{ t d'G6f] kmsf{Psf] 3';d'G6f] ePsf] . @= 3
f];] cFWofd'v] cFWofvfp8] . 3';d'G6f] gf) [3f];] d'G6f]] != e'O{+lt kmls{Psf] d'G6f]
] kflPsf] d'G6f] tnlt e'ms]sf] d'G6f] jf d'v . @= 3f]K6f] k]sf] d'G6f] pleG8f] cg'xf
3';d'G6fO gf) [ 3';d'lG6 (ofO)] != 3';d'lG6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [3';d'G6fpcfO] @= 3
;d'G6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3';d'G6fOg' s) lqm) 3';d'lG6g] sfd ulg' . 3';d'G6fpg' k|
) lqm) e'O{+df d'v hf]ltg] uL k5fg'{ 3';d'lG6g nfpg' . 3';d'G6fx6 gf) 3';d'lG6g] cj:
yf, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3';kGhf gf) [3':;fkGhf] != bgfbg lbOg] 3':;f jf 3'Rrf nuftfsf]
d'SsL . @= To; k|sfsf] n8Gt jf le8Gt . #= dg]{ l:ylt dfO . (pbf) hf]lvdl;t v]Ng] df
G5] 3';kGhf x'g slt a] ) . $= e'O{+df l3;f] sf}8f xfGg] Ps rfn . 3';fO gf) [ 3';\ (
!= 3':g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [3';fpcfO] @= 3';fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3';fO
g' s) lqm) 3':g nfOg' . 3';fpg' k|) ] lqm) k;fpg' l5fpg' 3';fg'{ 3':g nfpg' . 3';fg
a9fs'F9f ulg] s'g} j:t'sf] xnkxn 3'fg sl;
\u . 3';f\g' ;) lqm) [3';\ cf\ g'] !
fpFdf 3';fpg', l5fpg' jf k;fpg' . @= skfndf k"mn cflb l;pg' . > 3';ffO gf) 3';fg]{ s
fd jf k|lqmof . 3';flg' s) lqm) 3';fg]{ sfd ulg' 3';fOg' . 3'l;g' s) lqm) [3'; \ O g'
|j]z ulg' l5lg' . 3';f}6L gf) [3';fp cf}6L] x]) 3':of}6L . 3':ofg gf) != dl;gf] e'm;
;] k]sf] Ps k|sfsf] emf . @= x]) 3';fg . 3':ofxf lj) [3"; ofxf] 3"; vfg] 3"; lng] . 3'
of}6L gf) [3';fp of}6L] != k]6 e'8 F L . (pbf) Tolt vfg]s ' fn] t p;sf] 3':of}6L g} el
g xf]nf) . @= xfs'Nnf] . (pbf) yf]} cfuf]n] t 3':of}6L ;]sfpg klg k'Ub}g) . 3':of}6
f] gf) [3';fp of}6f]] s'g} j:t' 3';flg] cfwf bfDnfsf] ufF7f] l5fpg] 7fpF k:of}6f] . 3
' c) lqm) [ 3';] \ != 6fs6's u] jf h;f]t;f] s'g} 7fpFdf k:g' 3':g' . @= z0f kg'{ lk5
g'{ . #= cf]t nfUg' cf>o lng' . > 3';|fO gf) 3';|g] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3'l;|g' c) lqm
) != 3'l;g' kl;g' . @= 3';|g' .

3'lg' c) lqm) [3'\Og'] 3'fOsf] zAb lgsflng' . 3'sL{ gf) [;+) 3[t] != wf]sf] k"f ug{
lDt ulPsf] la7fOF b]vfj6L l; . @= pN6f] wDsL . > 3'Sof{O gf) 3'sL{ nufpg] sfd jf k|lq
mof . 3'Sof{Og' s) lqm) 3'sL{ nfOg' . 3'Sof{pg' ;) lqm) 3'sL{ nfpg' 3'sL{ b]vfpg' .
3'Sof{x6 gf) 3'Sof{pg] sfd jf cj:yf . 3'Sof{xf lj) 3'sL{ nfpg] . {' ] leq lr;f] d
f6f] ePsf] 7fpFdf dflydfly 3'3 {' ] gf) [;+) 3'3 vGg] Ps hftsf] sLf] . 3'rf] { gf) l
3r|f] 3'Rr's . 3'la{;f] gf) k"mndf nr]k|} ; elP xg], laANofF6f]kl k'm;|f kft x'g], P
ftsf] kf]y|f] jf v . 3'a; {} f] gf) Ps hftsf] a}F;sf] af]6 . 3'ld{nf] gf) ;;fgf dl;g
f kft x'g,] vfg x'g] kmn nfUg], Ps vfnsf] nxf] . 3'dL{ gf) kfSbf kx]Fnf] x'g], uf]
ne]F8fsf cfsfsf] cldnf] :jfb x'g] kmn kmNg], Ps hftsf] nxf] . 3'd}{nf] lj) x]) 3'd}n
f] . 3'ofg gf) ufpF3/df s/];faf/Lsf] glhs} /x]sf] efF8f dfg] 7fpF 3'/fg . 3'{ lqm) lj
[c) d") 3' \ ] != lgbfPsf a]nfdf 3fF6Laf6 3']sf] zAb lg:sg] uL . @= 9's', k]jf cflb
bf{ zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . #= ux|fF} j:t' l3;fbf{ zAb cfpg] rfndf . ~ 3' { lqm) lj) p
ko'Q { m ;a} lsl;dn] k6sk6s zAb cfpg] uL . 3'/f{3'f] { gf) [3'{ cfcf]] != dxL kfbf{
sf] ; l5fP c8fOxg] sf7sf] Kjfn ePsf] rSsf . @= f]6l] kdf lksf{ c8fpg] ;fwg . #= aLr
fn kfL wfuf] jf ;fgf] lvlnf] 8f]L l5fP kmgkmgL 3'dfpFb} 3'3' cfjfh lgsfNb} v]lng]
] kf\uf | ] . $= xfs'nfsf] p7]sf] aflxL efu (k|foM a:t'efpsf]) . 3'lnt lj) [;+) 3f]l
nt] x]) 3f]lnt . 3'Nn lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'n\ n] kvfnf nfUbf k]6 sfpg] lsl;dn] . 3';\g'
;) lqm) [;+) s'z \ g'] != an};Fu jf afwfljf]wsf] klg jf:tf guL leq hfg' k|jz ] ug'{ k
:g' l5g'{ . @= eL8ef8sf] aLrdf k'Ug' 3';g | '. 3'; gf) cf cflbdf k]sf] sfd cfgf]x'Fb
ufpgsf lglDt To:tf] ullbg] sd{rfLnfO{ cj}w kdf lbOg] wgdfn pTsf]r . vf] lj) 3'; vf
ofxf . vf]L gf) 3'; vfg] sfd . 3';3'; lqm) lj) [c) d") 3';\ c (l))] leqleq} 5f;5'; s'
nfpg] rfn;Fu r'SnL nfpg] lsl;dn] . > 3';3'; ] lj)

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3';|'Ss3f]lqmg' 3';S '| s lqm) lj) [c) d") 3';|'s\ s] != 3';|g] lsl;dn] . @= dg]{ rf
n;Fu v';S '| s . 3':o|fO gf) [ 3'l;| (ofO)] 3'l;|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3':o|fO
g' s) lqm) 3'l;|g] kflg' . 3':o|fpg' k|) ] lqm) 3'l;|g] kfg'{ . 3':o|fx6 gf) 3'l;|g]
sfd jf cj:yf . 3':o|fxf lj) 3'l;|g] vfnsf] . 3':; lqm) lj) [c) d") 3'; \ ;] != 3':
;f xfGg] uL 3'Rr . @= l;fP gaf]nL a:g] rfnn] 7':; . #= ux|f}F eO{sg gd j:t' e'OFdf u
g] uL l3;fbf{ zAb cfpg] uL 3:; . 3':;f gf) [3':;cf] != s;}nfO{ lk6\g p7fOg] sl;Psf] d
'Ssf 3'Rrf . @= To; lsl;dn] ulg] k|xf . jfn lj) 3':;f lbg] jf 3':;f nufpg] -JolSt_ .
3'l:;g' c) lqm) [3':; O g'] l;n] 3':; k] a:g' 7'l:;g' v'lG;g' . 3':;L gf) [3':;f O
:;f . ~ 3'l:;pF gf) hf]8n] 3':;f xfGg] sfd . 3'::ofO gf) [ 3'l:; (ofO)] 3'l:;g] lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3'::ofO gf) 3'::ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3'::ofOg' s) lqm) 3'
::ofpg] sfd ulg' 3':;f lbOg' . 3'::ofpg' ;) lqm) [3':;fofpg'] 3':;fn] xfGg' 3':;Ln] w
]Ng' 3':;f dfg'{ 3'RRofpg' . > 3'::ofx6 gf) 3'::ofpg] sfd jf cj:yf . 3"0f{ gf) [;+)]
!= otfplt 3'Dg] sfd . @= s'g} j:t'sf] rf}ltsf] rSss6fO . lj) #= 3'd]sf] . > 3"0f{g
gf) 3'Dg] jf rSs sf6\g] lqmofk|lqmof . 3"l0f{t lj) != 3'ds ] f] jf 3'dfOPsf] lFu]sf]
jf lFufOPsf] . @= rSs vfPsf] jf v'jfOPsf] . 3"/ gf)x]) 3'/$ . 3"; gf) x]) 3'; . vf]
j) x]) 3';vf]/ . vf]L gf) x]) 3';vf]/L . 3[0ff gf) [;+)] != dof{bflj?4 jf cg'lrt sf
d ug]{ JolSt jf p;n] u]sf gfd|f sfd sfafO{k|lt :jfefljs kdf x'g] c?lr l3g lbulduL l;
sf] . @= x]nf ckdfg . > 3[0ff:kb lj) 3[0ff ug{ of]Uo l3g dfGg'kg]{ lgGbgLo . 3[l0ft l
j) 3[0ff ug{ nfos 3[0ff x'g] jf x'g ;Sg] lgGbgLo . 3[t gf) [;+)] l3p . 3[tsf}lzs gf)
[;+)] sf}lzs s'ndf pTkGg ePsf uf]qk|jt{s Ps Clif . uf]q gf) 3[tsf}lzs Clifsf] s'
n jf j+zsf] klrofTds gfd . 3[i6 lj) [;+)] != 3f]l6Psf] jf u]l8Psf] . @= l3l;Psf] .
#= l3;flPsf] tflgPsf] . gf) $= Wjlglj1fgcg';f 3if{0faf6 pTkGg x'g] pidLe"t Jo~hg .
3] \ g' ;) lqm) s'g} j:t'nfO{ rf}ltaf6 dflg; jf cGo
360

s]xL rLhn] 3]f lbg' 3]fdf kfg'{ 5]Sg' . > 3]f gf) sDkfpG8 jf kvf{nsf] af rf}lubf{ .
f) 3]g{] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3]fOg' s) lqm) 3]g{ nfOg' . 3]fp gf) 3]f lbg] sfd . 3]fpg
k|]) lqm) 3]g{ nfpg' . 3]fbf lj) 3]f lbg] 3]f ePsf] . 3]fj gf) 3]g]{ jf 3]f lbg] s
3]lg' s) lqm) 3]f lbOg' 3]g]{ sfd ulg' . 3]f] gf) [3] \ cf]] != rf}ltaf6 nufOPs
f] af . @= s'F8'nf] k]sf] km]f] . #= j[Qfsf kllw . $= ]vf] . ~ 3]f] lqm) lj) 3]f]
uL 3]f] jf ]vf] x'Fb} . 3]j gf) [k|f)] rfdnsf] kL7f] jf ux'Fsf] d}bfdf l3p jf gf}gL
km6] l3pd} ksfOg], Ps k|sfsf] f]6L l3pf]6L . 3]jf gf) tfdfhfltn] d]sf dflg;sf lglD
cGTo]li6 lqmof ;'4fOF . 3]jf] gf) [l3p jf]] l3psf] a]kfL l3p a]Rg] JolSt . 3}6f3}6L
F6f]3}F6L] ;fgf7"nf w]} 3}F6fsf] ;d"x . 3}6 L gf) [3}F6f]O{] ;fgf] 3}F6f] ;fgf] vfn
df6fsf] ufu|f] . 3}6 ] lj) [3}6 F f]P] != ga9]sf] k'8s \ f] afdk'8s \ ] 8Nn] (JolSt
. @= 3}F6f] h:tf] 3}F6fsf 5fF6sf] . :qL) 3}F6L . 3}6f] gf) [;+) 36] != df6fsf] 38f
uf]Nk'm . @= ;fgf] vfnsf] ufu|f] . #= dfG5]sf] dgk]6 (k) g])) . 3}3fgf gf) [(l)) 3fg
f] 3 3l;t ;DalGwt ljifo jf s'f 3u[x:yL 33fgf 3fo; 3;f . 3}dn gf) [g]jf) 3fo
f] jf kmf]x j:t' sl;\u 3'fg . @= sfd gnfUg] a]sDdf b\bL . 3}of gf) != kfgL gnfUg
f f]lkg] Ps lsl;dsf] wfg . lj) @= cl3 kfSg] c3}of . ~ ds} gf) 3}ofafLdf kftnf]kftnf]
uL 5lPsf] ds} . 3}nf gf) [;+) 36] != df6fsf] 38f ufu|f] . @= xfF8L . 3}nL gf) ;fgf7
nf 3}nfx . > 3}nL gf) ;fgf] 3}nf] . 3}n ] lj) 7"n7"nf sNrf}F8f jf kmfFrf x'g] 3}nfh:
tf kmfFrf x'g] (ufO{a:t') . 3f]s\g' ;) lqm) [;+) 3f]if] s'g} k':tssf ljifo, kf7 cf
lb d'vn] afaf eGg' jf cfj[lQ ug'{ To;L 6\g' jf kmt ug'{ . > 3f]sgf gf) 3f]Sg] sfd jf
lqmof . 3f]sGtf lj) 3f]sGt] 3f]s'jf . 3f]sGtfd\ lj) ga'emL 3f]Sg] . 3f]sGtL lj) 3f]l
sPsf] kmt ulPsf] . (pbf) 3f]sGtL ljBf wfjGtL v]tL . pvfg) . 3f]sGt] lj) 3f]s ] k9\g
]s ]} s07 ug]{ . 3f]sfO gf) 3f]Sg] sfd jf k|lqmof . 3f]sfOg' s) lqm) 3f]Sg nfOg' .
3f]sfpg' k|) ] lqm) 3f]Sg nfpg' 6fpg' . 3f]lsg' s) lqm) 3f]Sg] sfd ulg' l6g' . 3f]sj
f lj) w]} 3f]Sg] 3f]sGt] . 3f]lqmg' c) lqm) [3f]qmf] O g'] != 3f]qmf]h:tf] ;df] x'g' .
l5lKkg' hfnf] k:g' (l3f}n F f cflb) . #= 3f]qmfdf ;dfltP

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

361

3f]qm]5'QL3f]qm];'QL3f]8f 5xfL agfpgsf lglDt vfFaf, v'L x'g] vfnsf] n\u'f] . 3f]6\g'
lqm) [;+) 3f]6g g'] != s'g} s8f j:t'nfO{ lrNnf]rlDsnf] kfg{sf lglDt csf]{ j:t'df d
Ng' jf u]8\g' . @= vn ug'{ lkFWg' . #= v"al;t sfd nufpg' hf]Tg' . > 3f]6 gf) 3f]6\g]
jf bNg] sfd 3f]6fO jf bnfO . 3f]63f6 gf) 3f]6g \ j ] g]{ sfd . 3f]6f gf) x]) 3f]f .
3f]6fO gf) [ 3f]6\ (cfO)] 3f]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3f]6fOg' s) lqm) 3f]6\g
nfOg' u]8fOg' . 3f]6fp gf) 3f]6g \ ] sfd . 3f]6fpg' k|) ] lqm) != 3f]6g \ nfpg' u]8fp
' . @= ldlxg]t;fy 3f]sfpg' . 3f]6f3f]6 gf) != k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ 3f]6\g] sfd . @=
s;fs; . 3f]6fxf lj) 3f]6\g] vfnsf] 3f]6\g] . 3f]l6g' s) lqm) 3f]6g \ ] sfd ulg' ul8g'
. 3f]l6nf] lj) 3f]l6Ph:tf] 3f]l6Psf] . 3f]6L! gf) [;+)] xf8] ao . 3f]6L@ gf) [3f]6\O{
b"w] gfgLxnfO{ v'jfpg] Ps k|sfsf] cf}ifwL . 3f]6j ' f lj) [3f]6\pjf] 3f]l6Psf] 3f]l6
g] . 3f]f gf) [;+) 3f]6g] != ef
sf] kft lehfP dlr ld;fO{ a];L lkFw] jf 3f]6] tof kf
f jf uf]nLsf kdf vfOg] dfbs kbfy{ cyjf To;L tof kflPsf] ef
sf] n]bf]df abfd, ls;ld;, ;
'sd ' n ] cflb kf}li6s kbfy{ tyf b"w lrgL xfn] ;j{tsf kdf kfg ulg] g;fn' kbfy{ . @=
sfdsf] u8fO 3f]6fO . #= afDafsf] kmt jf cEof; ldlxg]t . 3f]8s}t gf) [3f]8fs}Ft]
k]sf] s}Ft Ps cToGt lavfn' ;k{ . 3f]8ubfxf gf) [3f]8fubfxf] dw];sf h
\undf kfOg] 3f]8
s} afGsLsf] 3f]8fh:t} bu'g]{ uwf . 3f]8r9L lj) [3f]8fr9\] != 3f]8f r9\g] 3f]8f r9] ;
jf x'g] 3f]8;jf . gf) @= To:tf] JolSt . ~ l;NnL gf) ljb]zdf xg] jf ljb]zaf6 cfPsf fh
xn] k|df0fkq k]; ug{ hfFbf 3f]8f r9] cufl8k5fl8 nfUg] 3f]8r9L l;kfxL l;Nnf . ~ ;af g
3f]8r9L l;Nnf . 3f]8tfk|] gf) [3f]8f 6fk] ltR5f] :jfbsf kft x'g], 3f]8fsf 6fksf cfsfsf
ftf k"mn k'mNg], cfFVnfcfFVnfaf6 hf lg:sg], cfo'jb {] df :d[lt d]wf a9fpg] dflgPsf
] Ps k|sfsf] nx] e'OFemf df08"sa|fXdL . 3f]8bf}8 gf) [3f]8f bf}8] != afhL fv] jf af
3f]8f bf}8fpg] v]n . @= 3f]8h ] fqfdf sf7df8f}s + f] 6'lF 8v]ndf bf}8fOg] b]vfO
g] 3f]8fsf] k|l;4 bf}8 . 3f]8;jf gf) [3f]8f ;jf] 3f]8r9L . 3f]8f gf) [3f]8f]sf] lt) )]
3f]8f] . vL gf) ;'Svf

ws]lng' ub{gdf cF7\ofOP pl5lg' unxlQg' . 3f]qm]5'QL3f]qm];'QL gf) [3f]qmf] ;'Q O{] 3f
f ;dft] x'ofpg] lqmof unxQL 7fs v'jfpg] sfd . 3f]qmf] gf) [;+) 3f]if <] Zjf;gnL tyf u
]h]f]eGbf dfly xfa|f]eGbf tnltsf] efu 3fF6L uw{g l3r|f] . 3f]So|fO gf) [ 3f]So|fp
3f]qmfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 3f]So|fOg' s) lqm) 3f]lqmg] kflg' unxTofOg' . 3f
]So|fpg' ;) lqm) [3f]qmf]ofpg'] s;}nfO{ 3f]qmfdf ;dft] x'ofpg' unxTofpg' ub{Gofpg' .
3f]So|fpg] gf) != 8fF8fef6f ug'{eGbf klxn] 7"nf7"nf sf7 jf afF; 5fgfsf b'j} kfvfaf
6 w'L;Dd NofP hf]l8g] ;fdfg EofN;L . lj) @= 3f]qmfdf ;dft] x'ofpg] . (pbf) 3f]qmfpg]
3f]So|fOxfNof], ca kfv'f lgdf]7 ] s] ug'{ ) . 3f]So|fx6 gf) 3f]qmfpg] jf unxofpg] sfd
jf cj:yf . 3f]urf gf) [g]jf)] df6fsf] efF8f] agfpFbf k|of]u ulg] sf7sf] ljz]if k|s
fsf] d'\u|f] . 3f]uf3f]uL gf) [3f]uf 3f]uL] ;fgf7"nf w]} 3f]uf . 3f]uL gf) [3f]uf] O{
f] 3f]uf] . 3f]u] gf) != 3f]ufem}F eP Hjfgfsf bfgf h:tf u]8f kmNg] 9SsLx agfOg] Ps
hftsf] emf . lj) @= 3f]uf] ePsf] 3f]uf] nfu]sf] . ~ rfk gf) ;]tf 7"n7"nf bnsf aLrdf
3f]uf]h:tf] sl0f{sf ePsf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] rfFk fhrDks . ~ afnL gf) 3f]ufsf kdf
kmNg] cGgsf] afnL (ds}afnL) . 3f]uf] gf) != vf]ofdf 3 xf k] u]8f nfu]sf], ds}sf] nfDr
f] l;
\uf] kmn . @= To:t} cfsfsf] kmn jf k"mn . > 3f]UofgL gf) w]} 3f]uf ePsf] jf 3f]
uf nfUg] 7fpF 3f]ufxsf] ;d"x . 3f]3 ] gf) abdf; vfnsf a:t' afFWg k|of]u ulg] kf6 jf
e'Tnfsf] n7f] 8f]L . 3f]r\g' ;) lqm) != s'g} j:t'leq tLvf] jf wflnf] j:t' k;fNg' 3f]K
' f]Kg' . @= 7f]:g' sf]Rg' . #= dd{ kg]{ uL eGg' 3f]rk]r ug'{ . $= afDaf ;Demfpg' c
bg' k|]lt ug'{ . > 3f]r3fr gf) != 3f]Rg]jg]{ sfd . @= 3f]rk]r ug]{ sfd . 3f]rk]r gf)
csf{nfO{ dd{ kg]{ uL elgPsf] s'f] lag] jf lrQ b'Vg] s'f] 5]85f8 . 3f]rfO gf) 3f]Rg]
mof jf k|lqmof . 3f]rfOg' s) lqm) 3f]Rg nfOg' 3f]kfOg' . 3f]rfpg' k|]) lqm) 3f]Rg n
fpg' 3f]kfpg' . 3f]rf3f]r gf) k:kdf 3f]Rg] sfd k:ksf] 3f]rfO 3f]rk]r 5]85f8 . 3f]r
f) [3f]rf] 3f]rL] ;fgf7"nf w]} 3f]rf . 3f]lrg' ;) lqm) [ 3f]r\ (Og')] 3f]lkg' f]lkg'
3f]lrnf] lj) 3f]Rg] 3f]Rg] vfnsf] . 3f]rj ' f lj) 3f]Rg vf]Hg] 3f]Rg] . 3f]rf] gf) [3
f]r \ cf]] af afg{sf lglDt ufO{uf]?sf nflu

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

3f]8] hfqf3f]n]{ 7fpFdf pd|g], cfFksf hqf ;;fgf gd kft x'g], ds}sf 9f]8sf] h:tf] u
'bL x'g], xftn] kft rnfpFbf ;]tf];]tf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ;;fgf] af]6 . ~ uf8L gf) 3f
]8fn] tfGg] uf8L aUuL PSsf 6d6d . 3f]8] hfqf gf) [3f]8f hfqf] != r}tsf] s[i0fkIfsf] rt
'bz { Lsf lbg sf7df8f}Fsf] 6'Fl8v]ndf ;fj{hlgs k|bz{gsf p2]Zon] b]vfOg] 3f]8bf}8
sf] k|l;4 hfqf . 3f]8]6f] gf) [3f]8f] P6f]] 3f]8f r9] lxF8\g ;lsg];Ddsf] af6f] rf}kfo
f hgfj cflbdf dfn;fdfg nbfP cfjthfjt ug{ x'g] vfnsf] af6f] . 3f]8] b"af] gf) [3f]8f b
"af]] s'zsf h:tf k"mn k'mNg] ;fx|f] 7"nf] Ps hftsf] b"af] . 3f]8] aG;f] gf) [3f]8
f aG;f]] nfdfnfdf kft x'g,] 6'Kkfdf Ps k|sfsf] k"mn k'mNg] dl;gf u]8f klg nfUg] aG;
f] 3fF; . 3f]8] nft gf) [3f]8f nft] afnsxn] nfQL prfNb} xfGb} uL v]Ng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n
. 3f]8] ;fa'g gf) [3f]8f ;fa'g] n'uf w'g] 8Nnf] cfsfsf] Ps yL ;fa'g . 3f]8f] gf) [;+)
3f]6s] != rf v'fdf gkmf6]sf v' x'g,] uw{gdf nfdfnfdf e'Tnf x'g], ;jfLsf] sfddf cfpg]
tyf dfn;fdfg af]sfpg uf8Ldf hf]Tg;d]t x'g] k|l;4 3kfnf kz' . @= aGb'ssf] uf]nL r
nfpFbf lvlrg] Ps k'hf{ . #= a'l4rfnsf] v]ndf rflng] Ps uf]6L . :qL) 3f]8L . 3f]t
gf) [;+) 36] != lslofk'qLxnfO{ e]6\g cfpFbf ;DemfpgL ;3fpsf lglDt NofOg] rfdn, lrgL
, l3p, dLr cflb j:t' larf . @= 3t larf . 3f]lTng' c) lqm) [3f]t ln g'] != Hofb} kL
d'G6f] lgx'fP a:g' emf]qmfpg' . @= lrGtfn] 3f]lg' ;f]rfOdf kg'{ . 3f]TNofO gf) 3f]l
]kg jf cj:yf 3f]t jf ljrfsf ljleGg tjsf] ;dLIf0f ljrfdUgtf ;f]rwld{tf . 3f]TNofO gf)
]lTng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3f]TNofOg' s) lqm) 3f]lTng] kflg' . 3f]TNofpg' k|])
lqm) 3f]lTng nfpg' . 3f]TNofx6 gf) 3f]lTng] cj:yf jf sfd . 3f]TNofxf lj) 3f]lTng] 3
f]TNofOF ePsf] . 3f]k\g' ;) lqm) != sfF9f, l;of] cflbn] 3f]Rg' vf]Kg' f]Kg' . @= cl\
, af?nf] cflbn] lvNg' 5]8\g' . > 3f]k gf) != 3f]k]sf] jf 3f]r]sf] 8f]a 8fd 3fpsf] rf
]6 . @= kxf8sf km]bLdf x]sf] h\unn] 5]s]sf] 7fpF . 3f]kfO gf) 3f]Kg] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . 3f]kfOg' s) lqm) 3f]Kg nfOg' . 3f]kfpg' k|) ] lqm) 3f]Kg nfpg' 3f]rfpg' . 3f]k
fxf lj) 3f]Kg] vfnsf] . 3f]lkg' s) lqm) 3f]Kg] sfd ulg' . 3f]lknf] lj) 3f]Kg] vfnsf]
. 3f]kj ' f lj) 3f]Kg] 3f]Kg] sfd ug]{ . 3f]lK6g' c) lqm) [3f]K6f] O g'] != hldglt d'
msf{P
362

k;|g' 3f]K6g' . @= pleG8f] kg'{ plelG8g' . 3f]K6] gf) [3f]K6f] P] != eofsf] d'vdf 3f]K
f] kf] nufOg] jf eofsf] l;fg y'Gg] vfkf . lj) @= 3f]K6f] k]sf] plelG8Psf] . #= 3f]K6
cg'xf ePsf] . $= hlt lbP klg gk'Ug] jf ;a} cfkm}F vfpFm eGg] . :qL) 3f]K6L . 3f]K
6f] lj) [;+) uf]Ktf] != tnlt d'v kf] n8]sf] jf k5flPsf] . @= pleG8f] k] x]sf] hldg
ms]{sf] . > 3f]K6fO gf) 3f]K6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3f]K6fOg' s) lqm) 3f]K6f] kflg'
3f]K6fpg' ;) lqm) 3f]K6g] kfg'{ pleG8f] ufpg' pleG8fpg' . 3f]K6fx6 gf) 3f]lK6g] sf
cj:yf . 3f]K6fxf lj) 3f]K6fpg] vfnsf] 3f]K6fpg] sfd ug]{ . 3f] lj) [;+)] != b]Vt}df
;'Gb}df 8nfUbf] jf eo\s (3f] jiff{, 3f] cfjfh O)) . @= dfqf, dfg cflbsf b[li6df kNnf]
kmfn k'u]sf] (3f] tk:of, 3f] lgb|f O)) . #= ;fx|} ghftL jf ug{ gx'g] (3f] kfk, 3f]
ckfw, 3f] cGofo O)) . $= lgs} afSnf] 3gf (3f] hn) . %= ;fx|} w]} cToGt . ^= uDeL u
3df;fg gf) 7"nf] n8fOF 7"nf] dfsf6 eo\s o'4 . t lj) != Hofb} 8nfUbf] . gf) @= l
lj) 7"nf] gfs ePsf] 3f]lqmPsf] gfs x'g] 9f]8gfs] . d'vf lj) gfd|f] cg'xf ePsf] dg g
]{ cg'xfsf] 8nfUbf] cg'xf x'g] . 3f]n gf) ftf]ftf] sfnf]sfnf] jf v}f] ePsf],
fv|fsf cfsfsf], h\undf a:g] 3fF; vfg] Ps hftsf] d[u . 3f]fxL gf) klZrd g]kfnsf] fktL
c~rncGtu{t leqL dw];df x]sf], bfb]pv'L lhNnfsf] ;b d'sfd . 3f]lg' c) lqm) [c) uf} g
f} ug'{ ljrf ug'{ uDg' . @= 3f]lTng' . #= ;Demg] r]i6f ug'{ . 3f]L gf) [g]jf) 3f]l]
tljsfaf6 ;fgf;fgf vl6f p5g] Ps k|sfsf] rd{f]u 5fnfaf6 5ff] p8\g] rd{f]u . lj) @= To
]u nfu]sf] 3f]ofxf . 3f]ofO gf) [ 3f]l (ofOF)] != grflxFbf] rfn pkWo|fOF km6fOF
jf lgx'lP ;f]Rg] lqmof jf cj:yf . [ > ] 3f]ofO gf) 3f]lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 3f]ofOg'
) lqm) 3f]lg nfOg' . 3f]ofpg' k|) ] lqm) 3f]lg nfpg' Psf]xf]ofpg' . 3f]ofx6 gf) 3f]
d . 3f]ofxf lj) 3f]lg] sfd ug]{ Psf]xf]f] . 3f]ofxf! lj) [3f]Lcfxf] 3f]Lsf] f]u
. 3f]ofxf@ lj) [3f]8f]ofxf] 8f]L jf bfDnfsf tLg kf]ofdWo] Ps kf]of] 7Ls 7fpFdf ga;L
csf]{ kf]ofdf 3f]8f r9]sf] . 3f]n {] lj) [;+) 3f]] != ftf], sfnf] v}f]
sf] zL tyf
;]tf jf sfnf 7f8f b'O{ w;f{ ePsf] (v;L, afv|f,

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

363

3f]n\g'ofDkL sf]bfnL cflb) . 3f]; ] lj) [3f];f] P] != s]xL gaf]nL emf]qmfOxg] cFWoff
ePsf] cFWofd'v] cFWofvfp8] . @= s'lk|Psf] s'k]| (sf]bfnf], sf]bfnL cflb xltof) . ~ d
G6f] gf) lgx'lPsf] jf emf]lqmPsf] d'G6f] s]xL gaf]nL 3f]lTnOx]sf] cg'xf cFWoff] d'v
f];f] gf) [3':; cf]] cFWoff] jf lgGofpf] d'v tnlt kmls{Psf] cg'xf . 3f]:o" F lj)x])
pF . 3f]l:;g' c) lqm) [3f]; O g'] l;fP 3f];] d'G6f] nufpg' 7':; kg'{ 3f];] x'g' . > 3
fO gf) 3f]l:;g] lqmof jf efj . 3f]::ofOg' s) lqm) 3f]l:;g nfOg' . 3f]:ofpg' k|) ] l
qm) 3f]l:;g nfpg' 3f];] kfg'{ 7:; kfg'{ . 3f]::ofx6 gf) 3f]l:;g] lqmof jf rfn . 3f]
::ofxf lj) 3f];] x'g] 3f];] ePsf] . 3f} gf) [ 3fL] tf8 j[Ifsf kft k"mnsf] u'R5f] jf
mKkf] . g lj) [;+)] (pQkbsf kdf hf]l8P) xTof ug]{ dfg]{ jf gi6 ug]{ cy{ lbg] (zq'g,
O)) . osfO gf) [ ofs\ (cfO)] ofFSg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > osfOg' s) lqm) ofFSg
|) ] lqm) ofFSg nfpg' oFsfpg' . of gf) [ef]) a)] cf3f]{ 3]jf . ofs\g' ;) lqm) !=
ft] lyRg' \ofSg' . @= cfqmd0f ug'{ emD6g' . #= ufFHg' cF7\ofpg' . $= u|:t kfg'{ l;ls:
kfg'{ . %= lyrf]ldrf] ug'{ bafpg' . > oflsg' s) lqm) ofFSg] sfd ulg' . ofOofO l
d") ofOF (l))] != w]} dflg; af]Nbf, k9\bf jf afhfx ahfpFbf zAb lg:sg] rfnn] UofOFUof
OF . @= sfg sfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL . #= hfFtf], 3 cflb 3'Dbf zAb lg:sg] uL . of
gf) [ef
a)] nfdfxsf] kf7k"hf, hk cflb ug]{ 7fpF nfdfxsf] u'Daf jf b]jdlGb . ofrofr lqm) lj)
d") ofr\c (l))] 3r3RofPh:t} uL xNng] jf 7Ss nfUg] uL To;f] x'Fbf zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn]
\ flxF8b \ } jf u'8b \ f ofRr lqm) lj) [c) d") ofr\ r] lxF8b u'8\b} 6Ss f]lsg] rfnn]
\bflxF8\b} jf n8\bfn8\b} vf8ndf k] c8\g] lsl;dn] . oflk| gf) [ef]) a)] u'?xsf] k'
a|s ' gf) [ef]) a)] ;]kf{nfdfxdf k|rlnt ofnL;d"xsf] ;aeGbf 7"nf] afhf . ofDkL gf) [
kf] O{] != ;fgf] ofDkf] . lj) @= ofDkf]h:tf] k]6 ePsL 7"nf] k]6 ePsL (:qL) .

cflb) . @= 9\u gk'ofO{ l;Fuf ug]{ (JolSt) . #= 8F8fs hvdn] (v;L cflb) . 3f]n\g' ;) lq
) [;+) 3f]n\ g'] != emf]n kbfy{nfO{ 8f8', kGo", bflanf] cflbn] rnfpg' x'F8Ng' 3fn3'n
ug'{ . @= oflng] uL rnfpg' dYg' . > 3f]n gf) != cf}ifwL, kL7f] cflb ldnfO{ 3f]n]sf]
n]bf] 3f]lnPsf] emf]n kbfy{ . @= dxL df n:;L . 3f]ns gf) s'g} 7f]; kbfy{nfO{ 3f]Ng j
f ldnfpg ;Sg] tn kbfy{ . 3f]n3fn gf) 3f]Ng]jg]{ sfd ofNg], x'8 F Ng] jf lkm6\g] sfd
. 3f]ng gf) [;+)] tn kbfy{ 7f]; kbfy{ 3f]lnP tof ulPsf] j:t' . 3f]nfO gf) [ 3f]n\
3f]Ng] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] 3f]nfOg' s) lqm) 3f]Ng nfOg' . 3f]nfpg' k|]) l
qm) 3f]Ng nfpg' x'F8nfpg' . 3f]nf3f]n gf) tn kbfy{ tyf 7f]; kbfy{nfO{ 3f]Ng] jf x'F
8Ng] sfd . 3f]lnt lj) [;+)] 3f]nsdf lanfpg] jf lalnP tn aGg] . (kfgL 3f]ns xf] eg]
To;df lanfpg] g'g, lrgL 3f]lnt x'g\) . 3f]lng' s) lqm) [3f]n\Og'] 3fn3'n kflg' x'F8ln
g' . 3f]nj ' f lj) [3f]n \ pjf] 3f]ns ] f] 3f]n ] agfOPsf] . 3f]if! gf) [;+)] :jlrD6L
glhlsP bafa k|sDkgsf ;fy pRrflt x'g] Wjlg . [u\, h\, 8\, b\, a\, 3\, em\, 9\, w\,
e\,
\, g\, d\, o\, \, n\, j\, x\ Wjlg] 3f]if@ gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] cfjfh rsf]{ zAb u'l~
ht Wjlg . @= 3f]if0ff 8'
\u|L 8'G8L . #= xNnf ckmafx . $= tfnsf ;f7L e]bdWo] Ps . 3f]
ifs lj) [;+)] != 3f]if0ff ug]{ . @= 3f]if lgsfNg] . 3f]if0f gf) [;+)] 3f]if0ff ug]
{ lqmof jf efj 7"nf] :jsf] uh{gf . 3f]if0ff gf) [;+)] != s'g} s'f] 7"nf] :jn] ;'gfpg]
sfd s]xL s'fsf af]df lgZro;fysf] egfO . @= fhfaf6 b]zjf;Lsf gfddf ePsf] cf1f fhfsf]
'sd ' . ~ kq gf) s'g} ;+:yf jf JolStsf] s'g} s'fdf p2]Zo jf ;Totf jf jrga4tf 3f]li
ft ug]{ kq (+;+:yfsf] 3f]if0ffkq, r'gfjsf] 3f]if0ffkq O)) . 3f]lift lj) [;+)] !=
3f]if0ff ulPsf] 7"nf] :jn] s]xL s'f ;'gfOPsf] s]xL s'f lgZro;fy elgPsf] . @= fhf1f e
] . 3f]ifLejg gf) [;+)] != zAbleq x]sf k|yd ltLo j0f{xsf :yfgdf t[tLo, rt'y{ k~rd j
f{x x'g] sfd jf l:ylt . @= c3f]if Wjlgxsf :yfgdf ;3f]if Wjlgx xg] k|lqmof (sfs > sfu
, z"s > ;'Fu', 3f]6s > 3f]8f] O)) . 3f]l;p lj) [3f];f]OpF] s'kf| ] k]sf] lgx'lPsf]
F (sf]bfnf],

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

ofDk]jf:; ofDk] lj) [ofDkf]P] != ofDkfh:tf] k]6 ePsf] e'8 F Ljfn . n ] ' gf) 7
k|f x'g] Ps @= 7"nf] a8]dfsf] . ~ P]; hftsf] P]F;]n' . ~ s]f gf) ljz]if df]6f] y'DS
ofOnf] af]6 x'g] Ps hftsf] s]f . ~ 8f8f] gf) ofDkfh:tf] cfsf ePsf] 8fF8f] . ~ e'8 L
) ofDkfh:t} k'ms]sf] e'F8L ue{ af]s]sf] 7"nf] e'F8L . ofDkf] gf) != cGg fVg] jf laxf
cflb sfo{df kfgL e] fVg] df6f], lkQn, tfdf cflbsf] 7"nf] ufu|f] lasf]{ nufpg x'g] wf
t'sf] 7"nf] efF8f] . @= w]} hfF8 vfg] dfG5] . ofof lqm) lj) [c) d") of\c (l))] !=
skm hd]sf] cj:yfdf ;f; km]bf{ zAb cfpg] rfndf . of{ lqm) lj) [c) d") of\] != ux|fF}
' l3;fbf{ zAb cfpg] 9
\un] . @= OlGhgx rNbf zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] . o" gf) x]) l3p . 3|f
0f gf) [;+)] != ;'Fg] OlGb|o gfs . @= ;'Fg] zlQm . #= af:gf ;'uGw . > 3|f0f]lGb|o gf)
;' F g] jf ;'3 F ] j:t'sf] u'0f yfxf kfpg] OlGb|o gfs . 3|ftJo lj) [;+)] af:gf lng
of]Uo ;' F g nfos . jfs lj) [c) d") jfFs\c] 7"nf] a8]dfsf] ch
sf] . ~ jfFs lqm)
lb ;jfLsf] xg{ ah]h:tf] uL cfjfh cfpg] 9
\un] . @= afFb, af3 cflb sfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL
jfs ] lj) [jfFsP] hvdn], hVv", 7"nf] cfsfsf] . jfO gf) [g]jf)] != v]ndf tf]ss ] f
dfg{ jf k'ofpg k|of]u ulPsf j:t'df ;aeGbf 7"nf] j:t' . @= tfdfsf] k'fgf] afSnf] kf
Frk};] 9fs . lj) #= 7"nf] 9Aa" . sf;f gf) jfOF ofFs] v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n . jfO
[c) d") jfOF (l))] hfFtf], 3 cflb 3'dfpFbf zAb cfpg] rfndf . jfOo lqm) lj) [c) d")
] hfFtf], 3 cflb 3'dfpFbf oGqsf rSsf 3'Dbf Ps} emf]Ssfdf zAb lg:sg] uL . jf
jf
lqm)
[c) d") jf
\c (l))] != jiff{ofddf a9]sf] vf]nf] aUbf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . @= 7"nf]
:jn]
364

s's' e'Stf zAb cfpg] uL . jfRr lqm) lj) [c) d") jfr\r] != ;a} j:t' Ps} 7fpFdf kg]{ jf
hflsg] 9
\udf jfKk . @= 7"nf] ;'Ofn] zLsf] df;' cflb sdnf] 7fpFdf 3f]Rg] lsl;dn] . jf
lqm) lj) [c) d") jft\c (l))] afSnf] jf n]bf] kbfy{ Ps}rf]l6 vGofpg] uL . > jftjftL l
lj) jftjft kfg]{ lsl;dn] . jfQ lqm) lj) [c) d") jft\t] afSnf] n]bf] kbfy{ Ps}rf]l6 v
g] jf v;fpg] uL vGofpg] lsl;dn] . jfKk lqm) lj) [c) d") jfk\k] != l;of] cflb tLvf] j:
'n] sdnf] j:t' jf 7fpFdf Ps}kN6 3f]Rg] uL . @= efF8fat{g 3f]lK6g] uL efF8fsf] j:t'
Ps}rf]l6 kf]lvg] lsl;dn] . jfKNofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") jfkNofSs] efF8fsf] j:t' Ps} k6s
3f]K6\ofpg] lsl;d . jfjf lqm) lj) [c) d") jf\c (l))] != 3fF6Ldf skm hd]sf a]nf ;f
{ cfjfh cfpg] rfnn] . @= af3, la/fnf] cflb 7"nf] :j/n] 3'bf{ cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn]
. > jf/jf/tLjf/jf/L lqm) lj) cem l56f] jf/jf/ ug]{ rfndf . jf{ lqm) lj) [c) d")
f a]nf 3fF6L aHg] 9
\un] . @= af3, lafnf] cflb 7"nf] :jn] 3'bf{ zAb lg:sg] rfnn] . #
= 3ff] l3::ofpFbf zAb pTkGg x'g] lsl;dn] . jfnjfn lqm) lj) [c) d") jfn\c (l))] != em
kbfy{ vGofpFbf jf kf]lvFbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= jfo'ljsf ePsf] cj:yfdf k]6 sfpg
] rfnn] . > jfn jfntLjfnjfnL lqm) lj) jfnjfn;Fu jf jfnjfn kf] . jfNn lqm) lj
zAb Ps}rf]l6 cfpg] lsl;dn] . jf;jf; lqm) lj) [c) d") jf;\ c (l))] ux|fF} j:t' e'O{+df
l3;fbf{ zAb cfpg] rfndf . > jf;jf;tL jf;jf;L lqm) lj) jf;jf; cfjfh cfOxg] lsl;dn]
m) lj) [c) d") jf;\ ;] jf;jf;sf] cfjfh Ps} rf]l6 lg:sg] rfndf tLvf] rfn;Fu l3;fg]{ uL

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

365
\ofr\ofr

!= b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] kfFrf}F Jo~hgj0f{

s07 / gfl;sf :yfgaf6 pRrf/0f x'g] ;3f]if, cNkk|f0f, cg'gfl;s Jo~hgj0f{ sju{sf] cl
Gtd tyf kfFrf}F j0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg gfsyf]KnL .
@= n]vfOsf qmddf ljifoj:t'sf] juL{s/0f jf ljefhgpkljefhgsf lglDt Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|
of]u ulFbf lbOg] qmdaf]ws kfFrf}F lrXg . sf/ gf) [;+)] cIf/ sju{sf] clGtd j0f{ . KnS
lqm) lj) [c) d") Kns\ s] x]) sKnSs . // lqm) lj) [c) d") \ c (l))] af3, lafnf] l;f
cfpg] lsl;dn] . /{ lqm) lj) [c) d") \ ] sf] cfjfh Ps k6s cfpg] 9\un] . fO
'O
O] F cgsgfpg] uL gfslgs ug]{ lsl;dn] .
f/
'/ lqm) lj) [c) d") (l))
'\c] != s's', l
] k:k emu8f ubf{ sfpg] rfnn] . gf) @= emu8f afemf] .
f/{
'/{ lqm) lj) [(l))
'{] hf
uL . l
Rr lqm) lj) [c) d") l
r\r] != bfFt b]vfP xfF:g] rfnn] lsRr . @= lhNn jfNn kS
lj) #= lgfz ePsf] lhNnffd k]sf] . > l
lRrg' c) lqm) != l
Rr kg'{ lx:; kg'{ jfNn kg'
clncln bfFt b]vfpg' . l
Rr] lj) bfFt b]vfP xfF:g] jf af]Ng] . l
RRofO gf) [ l
Rr (ofO)
ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l
RRofOg' c) lqm) l
Rr xf]Og' . l
RRofpg' ;) lqm) l
Rr kfg'
lx::ofpg' . l
RRofx6 gf) l
RRofpg] sfd jf cj:yf . l
lr|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") l
lr|s \ s] l
x'g] jf lhlNng] rfnn] l
:; l
Rr . l
l;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") l
l;s\s] yf]} cf]7 vf]n] jf
lsl;dn] xfF:g] rfnn] . l
:; lqm) lj) [c) d") l
;\;] != yf]} bfFt b]vfP xfF:g] rfnn] l
l
Rr . lj) @= l
Rr k]sf] lhlNnPsf] . l
l:;g' c) lqm) [c) d") l:; O g'] l:; kg'{ lxl:
> l::ofO gf) l:; kg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . l::ofOg' s) lqm) l:; kflg' lx::ofOg' . l:
|) ] lqm) l:; kfg'{ lx::ofpg' . l::ofx6 gf) l::ofpg] sfd jf rfn . 'Kn'Ss lqm) lj) [c
") 'Kn's\ s] x]) s'Kn'Ss . '/ { lqm) lj) [c) d") '\ ] s's', lafnf cflb emu8f ubf{ s
Wjlg lgsfn] sfpg] uL . 'l/{g' c) lqm) l;fpg' emf]lSsg' . ]s'afhf gf) [g]jf)] l;a
]{ f]kf gf) [ef]) a)] b]pb]ptfsf] tyf rf8kj{df ug'k k"hfcfhf ufpg] fO{hfltsf] k']t .
osfO gf) [
\ofs\ (cfO)]
\ofSg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
\osfOg' s) lqm)
\ofSg nfOg'
fpg' k|) ] lqm)
\ofSg nfpg' .
\orfO gf) [
\ofr\ (cfO)]
\ofRg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
rfOg' s) lqm)
\ofRg nfOg' .
\orfpg' k|) ] lqm)
\ofRg nfpg' .
\ofp lqm) lj) [c) d")
!= lafnf] sfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL Dofp . gf) @= lafnfn] sfPsf] cfjfh . #= lafnf] (afnaf
df) .
\ofp/f] gf) [
\ofppf]] lafnfsf] aRrf] Gofpf] .
\ofpnL gf) [ GofpnL] x]) Gof
f) .
\ofpnf] gf) [ Gofpnf]] x]) Gofpnf] .
\ofs\g' ;) lqm) [\ofSs g'] != ub{gdf ;dft]
' \ofRr kfg'{ . @= cfqmd0f ug'{ emD6g' . #= ufFHg' cF7o \ fpg' . $= u|:t kfg'{ l;ls:t
kfg'{ . %= lyrf]ldrf] ug'{ bafpg' . > \oflsg' s) lqm) \ofSg] sfd ulg' . \ofs\ofs l
j) [c) d") \ofs\ c (l))] != uw{gdf ;dft] uf8\g] lsl;dn] \ofFSg] rfnn] . @= s's'/ cflbn
k6sk6s 6f]Sg] rfnn] . \ofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") \ofs\ s] s's'h:tf lx+;|s hGt'n] PSsfl; e
D6] 6f]Sg] 9\un] ofFSs . \of lqm) lj) [c) d") \of\ c] s's' cflbn] 6f]Sg] lsl;dn]
) lj) [c) d") \of\ c (l))] != aLr aLrdf cl8Fb} ga'lemg] uL s'f] ug]{ jf kf7 ug]{ rfnn
gf) @= af]Nbfv]lsf] gfs] :j/ . '' lqm) lj) gfs] :j lgsfn] c:ki6;Fu af]Ng] lsl;dn
f\of] lj) gfs] :j lgsfn] af]Ng] \of\of uL c:ki6 af]Ng] . \of\ lqm) lj) [c)
\sf cfjfh lgsfNg] lsl;dn] \ofSs . \ofr\g' ;) lqm) [\ofRr g'] ub{gdf ;dft] lyRg' jf u
ofr\ofr kfg'{ . \ofr\ofr lqm) lj) [c) d") \ofr\ c (l))] \ofFSg]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

\ofrf'r ' \jf:; rfnn] ub{gdf ;dft] k6sk6s uf8\g] lsl;dn] . \ofr\ofrtL\ofr\ofr
kfg]{ lsl;dn] . \ofrf'r' lqm) lj) [c) d") \ofRof\ c (l))] dg gnfuL gnfuL (vfg]s'f]
) . \oflrg' s) lqm) [\ofr\ O g'] ofFlsg' . \ofRr lqm) lj) [c) d") \ofr\ r] != ub{g ;
rfnn] \ofSg] lsl;dn] . @= ub{g gkm's]sf] jf 5f]6f] k'8sf] x'g] lsl;dn] . > \ofRr] l
j) ub{g 5f]6f] ePsf] \ofRr k]sf] UofFr] . \ofKk lqm) lj) [c) d") \ofk\ k] x]) SofKk
of/\of/ lqm) lj) [c) d") \of\ c (l))] != s's lafnf cflbn] emu8f ubf{ zAb lgsfNg] lsl
. gf) @= To:tf] vfnsf] zAb . ~ '/'/ lqm) lj) x]) \of{ '{. > \\of/\of/tL\of/\of
\of\of ug]{ lsl;dn] .
366

\of/{ lqm) lj) [c) d") \of\ ] r8\sfl;t jf n:sfP { lqm) lj) To:tf] zAb \of\of ug]{
/ lgl:sxg] uL . \of;\of; lqm) lj) [c) d") \of;\ c (l))] dg b'vfpg] uL . ~ ';';
'em]sf s'fdf b'Mv k|s6 ug]{ lsl;dn] . \jf/\jf/ lqm) lj) [c) d") \jf\ c (l))] nuftf
jf/\jf/tL\jf/\jf/L lqm) lj) cem r8\sf \jf\jf rfnn] . \jf/{ lqm) lj) [c) d") \jf
bn] l;df slDkt uf]n Wjlgsf ;fy sfpg] uL . ~ '/ { lqm) lj) To;L g} k6sk6s sfpg] uL .
f; lqm) lj) [c) d") \jf;\ c (l))] ;fdfGo cfjfh lgsfn]/ ?g] rfnn] . \jf:; lqm) lj) [\j
] ljlQmP cFWoff] d'v nfO{ a:g] lsl;dn] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

367
rrsfrs

r
r b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] 5}6f}F Jo~hgj0f{
tfnJo, jT:o{, :kz{;\3ifL{, c3f]if tyf cNkk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ rju{sf] klxnf] cIf/ n]Vo kd
f ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg rLr'Rr] r . ru ] L gf) [;+) r
\ul] s] a]t
afF;sf rf]ofaf6 agfOPsf] kmnk"mn cflb flvg] 8fnL, 6f]sL jf sF8fnLh:tf] Ps lsl;dsf
] efF8f] r
]L . rbj ' f gf) [;+) rGb|s jf rGb|f, lx) rFbjf] s'g} wfld{s ;+:sf ugf{sf n
lu tof ulPsf] o1d08k jf hUu]sf dfly rf} ;'df afF; cflbsf dflyNnf efudf wfuf] jf 8f]Lf
afFwL xfjfdf xlNng] uL dfemdf 6fFlug] emNn ePsf] jf gePsf] rf}s'g] sk8f b]jd08k, k"
hfsIf, fhl;+xf;g jf cGo s'g} ljlzi6 cf;g jf d7d08kdfly 5th:tf] uL 6fFlug] emNnbf sk8f
jf ;'grfFbL cflbaf6 ag]sf] e"mnh:tf] ljtfg ljtfg . rj/ gf) [;+) rfd] x]) rd . rOt gf
[;+) r}q] x]) r}t (dlxgf) . rOg gf) x]) r}g . rp gf) [g]jf)] vf; uL sf7df8f}F pkTo
sfdf dfn;fdfg cflb af]Sg k|of]u ulg], vk{gsf] jlkl s'g} 3]f jf la6 geO{ v'nf x]sf] r]
K6f] k]sf] Ps ;fwg . rp gf) [;+) rTj] != vghf]t guL To;} x]sf] jf 5f]l8Psf] b"af] jf
;fgf 3fF;kft pd|g,] s]xL vla?jf jf kf]y|f aLraLrdf lsgfdf eP klg k|foM v'nf xg], ;fj
{hlgs kdf k|of]u ulg] ;dylnf] kmfs hldg uf}r rf} . @= s;}sf] e":jfldTj eP klg vghf]
sf] v]tLkftL gnufO{ To;} x]sf] jf 5fl8Psf] b"af] ;;fgf 3fF; pd|g] v'nf ;dylnf] hld
g . rpGg gf)lj) x]) rjGg . > rpGgL gf) rjGgL . rpGgf} lj) rjGgf}F . rs gf) [c
\)] ;]
jf k'm;|f,] w"nf] df6f]af6 aGg] ANofsaf]8{ jf sfnf]kf6Ldf n]Vg k|of]u ulg] b'O{
OGrhlt nfdf] 8f]nf] ;fwg vLdL . rsrs gf) [kmf) rv] s'g} sfds'fdf klg Psfu| jf s]lGb|t
geO{ rflxFbf] jf grflxFbf] ulxfNg] tTsfn} To;nfO{ r6Ss} la;L{, 5f]8L km]l csf]{ x'
Fbf]gx'Fbf] sfds'f ug]{ tyf ;fgf]7n " f] cf]ofOFlaofOF;d]t ug]{ afn;'ne 5fF6f r~rntf
rkntf 5's5's r'na'n 5'na'n (pbf) of] s]6f] t slt rsrs ulxG5 xF Ps l5g w}o{ u] a:g
] 5Fb} 5}g ) . > rsrsfO gf) rsrsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rsrsfpg' c) lqm) rsrs
ug]{ x'g' rsrs] x'g' r~rn :jefjsf] x'g' . rsrsL gf) != rsrs ug]{ sfd rsrs . @= zlQm
jf k|e'Tjsf] af]nafnf f]ajfkm wfssf] clej[l4 c:jfefljs cjfl~5t rsf]{ pGglt rxsdxs
srs] lj) rsrs ug]{ :jefj ePsf] r'na'n] r~rn 5'gd'g] 5's5's] . rsrSofO gf) rsrs ug]{
fj jf k|jl[ Q r~rntf rkntf r'na'nk ] g. rs6L gf) kfn, ds}sf] vf];]N6f, kf6, aflaof] c
flbaf6 a'g] agfOPsf] jf c:tleq ?jf xfnL aLraLrdf tuL vf]n;d]t xfn] tof ulPsf] ;fgf];f
f] nDk6h:tf] cf;gL un}Frfsf] 6'qmfh:tf] Ps hgf a:g] cf;gL rsnf u2L . rs8L gf) [;+) r
qmL] kf\u|fh:tf ;fgf;fgf b'O{ lkmsf{sf dfemdf alnof] wfuf]sf] Ps 5]p afFw] wfufsf]
csf]{ 5]p cf}Fnfdf afFwL tL lkmsf{nfO{ tndfly kf] tfGb} 5f]8\b} uL 3'dfOg] Ps v]nf}
gf 3'f{ . rsgf gf) [rSsf gf] ;fgf;fgf rSsf jf 6'qmf6fqmL rfgf . r' lj) != 6'qmf6'
uL k'm6]sf] ztr"0f{ ePsf] w"nf]kL7f] ePsf] . gf) @= rfgf rsfg' . rsaGbL gf) [rsnf aGbL
e"ld;'wf sfo{qmdcGtu{t }tLxsf] hUufsf] rsnf ldnfpg] cleofg rsnfaGbL . rsds gf) [kmf)
] kmnfd jf O:kftn] 3f]6\bf cfufsf] lemNsf lg:sg] bfgfbf/ s8f l;lnsfo'Qm kTy jf bz
{g9'u \ f] klxn]klxn] cfuf] ;Nsfpgfsf nflu k|of]u ulg] 9'u \ f jf kTysf] Ps pks0f . r
dGbrsdGg lj) [rsrs dGb] st}af6 s'g} cfjfh gcfPsf] lgzAb, ;'g;fg rgvdGb . rsnf gf) !=
L a]Ng] k|foM af6'nf] cfsfsf] sf7sf] ;fgf] rf}sL . @= aLrdf csf] hUuf gk]sf] ;fgf]
jf 7"nf] efu To:tf] e"v08 . #= kn]6L s;] a:g x'g] ;fgf] rf;'] cf;gL . ~ aGbL gf) x])
rsaGbL . bf gf) s'g} 7"nf] Onfsfsf] ;sfL k|ltlglw eO{ dfnkf]t p7fpg] kbflwsfL . rsnL
kfkf gf) x]) rrnLk}ofF . rsn]6 gf) [c
\)] != sf]sf]sf] laofF e'6L lkFw ] agfOPsf] w"nf
, tn jf n:;fbf kbfy{ . @= To;}af6 tof kflPsf] jf n]k nufOPsf] r':g] u'lnof] vfg]s ' f
] . > rsn]6L gf) != ftf] v}f]sf] ld>0faf6 ag]sf]
. lj) @= To:tf]
sf] . rsfrs lj)
snf] pHofnf] . lqm) lj) @= ek" dgUo k'Ubf] uL .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rsfgfrsfgLrqm rsfgfrsfgL gf) [rsfg'rsfg'] ;fgf7"nf w]} rsgfsf] ;d"x . rsfg' gf) [rSsf
] rSsfrSsf kf] sfl6Psf 6'qmf rfg' rfgf . rsf\g' c) lqm) [rsf] r cIfaf6 pRrf0f
zAb af]Ng' rsfLsf zAbn] ufnL ug'{ . rsf! gf) [;+)] b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] 5}6f}F Jo~hgj
0f{ rju{sf] klxnf] cIf r cIf . rsf@ gf) != cZnLn ufnLsf kdf k|of]u x'g] zAb . @= s
]] NofPsf] rLh rf]sf] xftaf6 g} rf]g]{ rf] rf]dflysf] rf] . > rsfL gf) != rsfsf]
@= d}yg ' ;Def]u . rsffO gf) [ rsf\ (cfO)] rsfg]{ lqmof efj jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rsfl
) lqm) rsfg]{ sfd ulg' . rsfnL gf) x]) rsfL . rlst lj) [;+)] != 5Ss k]sf] ljl:dt cfZ
df k]sf] . @= k|slDkt eoeLt 8fPsf] . rs'jf gf) [;+) rqmjfsL <] != hflt wd{;DaGwL sfd
f6 kltt eO{ cnkq kg]{ sfd . @= gf]s rfs e[To . > rs'jL gf) k'fgf] sfg'gL klkf6Lcg';f
'n] hf sf6\bf cnkq k]sL :qL ljof]lugL . rsf] gf) [;+)] ls+jbGtLcg';f rGb|dfsf] ls0f
f kfg u] afFRg] Ps kIfL Rofv'f] . rSs lqm) lj) [;+) rs] rsfrs w]} dgUo x'g] uL (vf
d) . rSs gf) [;+) rqm] != km]f] dfg]{ sfd kmGsf] 3'dfO km]f] klqmdf . @= lFu6f e
3]f] d08n . $= x}fgL . %= rf}lt 3'Dg] sfd e|d0f . rSsf gf) [;+) rqm] != y]Krf], af6'
jf uf]nf], r]K6f] j:t' . @= df]6, oGq cflbsf kf
\u|f jf uf]nfsfsf] s'g} cjoj kf
\uf |
] . #= Sof;]6 . > rSsL gf) != ;fgf] rSsf . @= g]kfnL 6f]kLsf] aLrsf] uf]nf] efu .
#= cf}ifwLsf] 6fan]6 jf uf]nL . $= tf;, ul~hkmf cflbsf kQL . %= lrfsf] gDa n]lvPsf
] ;;fgf] af6'nf] cfsfsf sfutsf] 6'qmf] . ~ hfd gf) kf6L{ jf ;
\3;+:yfff cfgf dfu k"f
jf ljf]w k|bz{g ug{ a;, df]6 cflb ;jfL ;fwg aGb ufpg] l:ylt . rSs' gf) [t') rfs"] wf
Psf] efunfO{ bf]af] laF8leq} 5f]lkg] ;fgf] sf6\g] xltof . rqm gf) [;+)] != lji0f'sf]
af6'nf] cfsfsf] Ps c:q . @= df6fsf efF8f agfpg] af6'nf] ;fwg . #= uf]nf] 3]f], d0
8n . $= x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg, dl0fk", cgfxt, ljz'l4, cf1f, a|XdGw| c
lb sfNklgs 5 jf
368

To;eGbf a9L :yfg . %= uf8L, df]6 cflbsf] u'8\g] uf]nf] j:t' kf\u|f] rSsf . ^= fHo Psf
wkTo . &= xftsf cf}Fnfsf] gsf] pN6fkl b]lvg] 3'd'ls{Psf] ]vf . *= bn ;d'Rro . ~ Clif
gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg, dl0fk" cflbsf s"d{, j?0f, jfo' cflb
Clif . ~ u'0f gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg cflbdf x'g] uGw, :jfb c
flbsf] pQ]hs 1fg . ~ rfn gf) rfnafhL if8\oGq . ~ lrq gf) HofldtLo ul0ftdf k|of]u x'
g] af6'nf] ;\VofTds lrq . ~ 5fkf gf) 6'F8fdf ;fgf] rqm ePsf] sndn] n]lvPsf] s'f ljz
]if vfnsf] sfutff w]} k|lt 5fKg] d]l;g :6]gl;n k]kdf sfl6Psf jf 5flkPsf s'f w]} k|lt
Kg] d]l;g . hLjL gf) s'dfn] . ~ tj gf) != x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi
dl0fk" cflbsf uGw, ;, k cflb tj . @= P]hgsf cg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg,
" cflbsf k[YjL, ck\, t]h;\ cflb tj . ~ b]jtf gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :
wi7fg, dl0fk" cflbsf u0f]z, a|Xdf, lji0f' cflb jf kfly{jgjfTds]Zj zfDej, bLk]Zj zfDe
j, t]h;\ ;+jt]{Zj zfDej cflb . w gf) != lji0f' jf s[i0f . @= s'g} k|fGtsf] zf;s d08n
flwk . #= ufpFsf] snfafh jf r6sL . wfL lj) rqmwf0f ug]{ rqm lng] (lji0f') . w"d gf
= HofbtL;fy ulPsf] sfo{ crfSnL . @= ;Ldf gf3] ulg] sfd pTkft emu8f . ~ g;f gf) OlGb|
O{ 3]] jf a]] a;]sf] d's'6fsfsf] g;f . kq gf) if6\rqmdf ePsf sdnsf] bn . ky gf)
m}F j[Qfsf af6f] . @= sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] @&=@ ls) ld) nfdf] 3'dfpf] df]6 af6f] (lf]8
. kfl0f gf) != lji0f' . @= s[i0f . kfn gf) != s'g} Ps k|zf;lgs PsfOsf] d'Vo kbflw
sfL . @= ;]gfsf] Ps k|efusf] clwsfL . #= lIflth . ~ k"hf gf) Ps lsl;dsf] tflGqs k"h
f if8\rqmnfO{ ;Dem] ulg] dfgl;s k"hf . ~ e|d lj) != rqmem}F 3'Dg] . gf) @= rvf{ rSsf
. ~ d08nfsf gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg cflbsf ju{, c4{rGb| cflb
08nsf] cfsf . db{ gf) rqmfsfsf] aLr x'g] kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] Ps a'6f] tfk|] . ~ d
b|f gf) j}i0fjxn] zLdf 8fDg k|of]u ug]{ rqmfsfsf] d'bf| ljz]if . ~ ofg gf) kf\u|f nf
f u'8\g] uf8L . ~ nIf0f gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg, dl0fk" cflbs
;+of]u, ;\sf]rg, k|;0f cflb nIf0f . ~ nf]s gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :j
i7fg, dl0fk" cflbsf e'jnf]s { , :jnf]s { , dxnf]s { cflb . ~ j0f{ gf) x7of]ucg';f zLl
eqsf qmdzM d"nfwf,

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

369

rqmf\srrnL k}of rvg gf) [;+) rif0f] vfg] jf :jfb ljrf ug]{ sfd . ~ b]pBf} lj) != rfvL
fvL lxF8\g] cf;] 9's'jf . @= nf]eL . > rvgL gf) rfVgsf lgldQ lnOg] vfg] rLh . rvgf]
gf) yf]} rfVg] sfd . rvGrL! gf) [g]jf) rsfFlb] != dfgfsf] cf7 efusf] Ps efu elg] ef
F8f] . lj) @= rf}yfOsf] cfwf kldf0fsf] (Ps rvGrL rfdn, Ps rvGrL t]h O)) . rvGrL@ l
j) [rvgrL] != rfVg] :jefj ePsf] rfv] lxF8\g] . @= ;fgf] lrQ ePsf] . rvnL lj) pQfpnL r
~rn :jefjsL . rvnf] lj) [;+) r~rn] != e8\lsnf] pQfpnf] . @= lgn{Hh pR5[
\vn . rvfO gf)
[ rfv\ (cfO)] rfVg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > rvfOg' s) lqm) rfVg nfOg' . rvfpg' k|) ]
lqm) != rfVg nfpg' . @= cg'ej ufpg' . rv'jf lj) != rfv] lxF8\g] :jefjsf] rfVg] afgL
ePsf] . @= vfgsf] nf]eL . rlvnf] lj) [rfvOnf]] != rfv nfUbf] . @= :jflbnf] . rv]6f
] gf) [ rs6L] f8L, kfvL cflbsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf . rv]qf] gf) [;+) r'qmPqf]] af:gfbf k"mn
'mNg], ef]u6]sf 5fF6sf 7"n7"nf kmn kmNg] Ps j[If ;f]xL j[Ifsf] kmn . rv]n gf) x])
r7]n . rv]jf gf) [;+) rqmjfs] gbLsf lsgfdf xg], sljxn] k|0foljof]usf] pkdf lbFbf k|fo
M pNn]v ug]{ Ps k|l;4 rf] rqmjfs . ~ xf; gf) 3kfn'jf xfF;eGbf ;fgf] x'g] ftf] sf]
f] xfF; . r]/L gf)x]) rFu]/L . r\v lj) [;+) r\u] != af7f] rt'f] rnfv . @= xf]l;of
;r]t ;fjwfg . r\v' gf) b'O{ a]Unfa]Un} t'gf tfg] vf]Ng aGb ug{ ;lsg] k};f xfNg] sk8f
jf 5fnfsf] y}nL . r\v ] lj) [r\v P] r\v af7f] . ~ rf] gf) lkm:6fh:tf] ;fgf] Ps hfts
. r\uf! lj) [;+) r\u cf] != k'mlt{nf] :j:y :jR5 . @= gLf]uL :j:y tGb'?:t . #= ;'Gb
uf@ gf) [;+) r\u cf] sfuh jf sk8fsf 6'qmfdf xn'\uf] l;Gsfsf] k|m]d xfnL wfuf] 5f]8] xf
jfdf p8fOg] v]nf}gf To:tf] v]nf}gf p8fOg] ;fwg jf v]n . r\uL lj) [r\u O{] != k'mlt{nf]
fOnf] . @= ljleGg sf] \uLsf] k"s (h:tf] \uLr\uL) . r\un ' gf) [kmf) r'\u'n] !
. @= s'g} j:t' p7fpFbf aGg] cf}Fnfsf] To:tf] cfsf jf l:ylt . #= s;}nfO{ km;fpg to
f kflPsf] hfn;fh kmGbf kf;f] . rrnL k}of gf) [r~rnk}ofF] 3]f] nfu] Ps csf{sf] xft

:jflwi7fg, dl0fk" cflbsf kLt, Zj]t, Qm cflb j0f{ . jtL{ gf) ;d|f6\ ;+;fsf k|e' ;d'b
Dd km}lnPsf] fHosf :jfdL . jfs gf) rv]jf . jft gf) e'dL k]h:tf] 3'dL3'dL lgDg rf
]8;Fu axg] jfo' lgDg rfk jfo' xfjfsf] e'dL cfFwLa]L . jftL lj) rqmjft;DaGwL lgDg r
jfo';DaGwL rqmjfth:tf] rqmjftsf] k|efj x'g] (hnj[li6, jiff{) . ~ jLh gf) x7of]ucg';
f zLleqsf qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg, dl0fk" cflbsf nF, jF, F cflb . ~ j[l4 lj) != afD
b} hfg] . @= Aofhdfly klg Aofh nfuL a9]sf] (wg) . ~ j[l4 Aofh gf) d"nwgaf6 cfPsf]
Aofhsf] klg Aofh Aofhdflysf] Aofh . ~ Jo"x gf) != o'4sf ;dodf lrg] rqmfsf df]rf{ af6
'nf] cfsfsf] ;}Gobnsf] df]rf{ . @= hfn if8\oGq . ~ zlQm gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf qmdzM
d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg cflbsf l;l4a'l4, ;fljqL cflb zlQm . ~ l:ylt gf) x7of]ucg';f zLleqsf
qmdzM d"nfwf, :jflwi7fg, dl0fk" cflbsf hgg]lGb|osf] lgDg k|bz ] sf] d]?s]Gb|, pWj{
kb | z ] sf] d]?s]Gb|, d]?dWo:y gfle cflb . > rqmfsf gf) rqmsf bndf xg] cIf . rqmf\s
f) [;+)] j}i0fjxsf zLdf rqmf\lst tKt wft'ff c\lst ulPsf] lrXg . > rqmf\sg gf) j}i
d] rqmsf] lrXg agfOg] sfo{ . rqmf\lst lj) != rqmsf] lrXg c\lst ePsf] . gf) @= Ps j}i
0fj ;Dk|bfo . rqmfo'w gf) [;+)] != lji0f' . @= s[i0f . rqmfjt0f gf) [;+)] 7"nf] rSs
sf6] jfo'ofg cf]ng { ] sfo{ jf k|lqmof . rqmL lj) [;+)] != rqm ePsf] rqmo'St . gf)
@= lji0f' . #= rv]jf . $= rqmjtL{ fhf . %= if8\oGq Rg] JolQm if8\oGqsfL . ^= s'dfn]
. :qL) rlqm0fL . rqm]6f] gf) [rqm P6f]] cfw'lgs :yn;jfLsf ;fwg (;fOsn, lS;f, df]6 cflb
rNg] ;8s . rIf' gf) [;+)] != cfFvf, g]q, nf]rg . @= b[li6 bz{g x]g]{ zlQm . ~ uf]r l
j) cfFvfn] b]lvg] b[li6uf]r cfFvfn] b]Vg EofOg] . ~ bfg gf) != k|f0fk|lti7f lbg] a]nf
df d"lt{sf cfFvfdf elg] . @= cf}ifwf]krfff cfFvfsf vfaL, f]u cflbnfO{ 7Ls kfg]{ sf
#= cfgf] d[To'kl5 cfFvf gb]Vg] cGo s;}nfO{ cfgf cfFvf lbgsf lglDt hLjg 5Fb} sa'n uL
lbOg] cfFvf cfFvfsf] bfg . ~ dn gf) lrk|f sr]f . > rIf'llGb|o gf) b]Vg] OlGb|o cfFv
rIf'io lj) != cfFvfnfO{ kmfObf ug]{ . @= x]lx"Fh:tf] fd|f] . gf) #= ufhn . rv gf) [
v] cfZro{ crDd tfh'k lj:do .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rrxrrx}r ;dftL kmgkmgL 3'd] v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] afnv]n rsnLkfFkfF . rrxrrx} gf) [c) d
(l))] != lk
v]Nbf jf vsf xfFufdf ;};}nf v]Nbf elgg] zAb To;L e'mNg] sfd . lj) af]) @
= lk
jf vsf xfFuf, nxf cflbdf e'mNbf v';L k|s6 ulg] zAb cfx} . r~rn lj) [;+)] != rsrs
r'na'n] 5's5's] rgdt] . @= cwL xtkQ] ;De|dL cl:y . tf gf) r~rn x'gfsf] efj jf cj:
cwLtf r'na'NofOF . r~rnf gf) [;+)] != lah'nL . @= nIdL ;DklQ . #= u0f, hu0f, u0f, hu0
, u0f Ps n3' x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . >L gf) wgbf}nt ;DklQ . r~rn] lj) x]) rGrn] . r~r
gf) [;+)] != a]tff agfOPsf ;;fdfg . @= v]tafLdf afnL vfg glbgsf lglDt kz'kIfLnfO{ t;
f{pg flvg] k'tnf a'Vofrf . r~r' gf) [;+)] != rfsf d'vsf] cl3lNtsf] s]xL nfdf], s8f t
vf] efu r'Rrf] 7F'8f] . @= xl0f d[u . lj) #= r
\v rnfv . > r~r'sf gf) ;fgf] r~r' r'R
k'6 gf) rfxsf] aGb r'Rrf] . ~ k|jz ] gf) != r'Rrf] k;fpg] sfo{ . @= ljifoj:t'sf] ;
fdfGo 1fg . ~ k|xf gf) r'Rrf]sf] 7'u F fO . r6 gf) [;+)] != gf]S;fg k'ofpg] sfo{ gfz
td . @= ;a} vfP lTofpg] sfo{ krfO . lqm) lj) #= t'?Gt em tTsfn} . r6s! gf) [r6s] !=
f] ;kmfO jf rnfsLff ckToflnf] sfd u] b]vfpg] jf bz{sdf e|d k}bf ufpg] snf hfb' . r6s
) [;+)] eFu]f] . r6sf lj) x]) r6\sf . r6sL gf) [r6sO{] r6s ug]{ dfG5] hfb'u . r6Ss l
lj) [c) d") r6\ > r6s\s] Psbd 5'lg], sfl6g], l5lgg], 5f]8\g] uL . (pbf) fdn] r6Ss hf
lu 5f]8] Jofkf ug{ yfn]5 . v;L r6Ss sf6\g ;Sg] axfb' pxL xf] .) . r6r6 lqm) lj) [c) d
") r6\c (l))] != r'lF 8g] jf l5lgg] uL . @= k'm6\g] jf rs{g] eP . #= s'g} j:t' 6fFl;
g] uL . $= To;L g} v'?v'? r8\sg cflbsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . > r6r6L lqm) lj) l56f] r6r6
x'g] jf To:tf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . r6gL gf) [rf6\cgL] vfgfsf ;fy rfl6g] cldnf], lkf] j
f tLvf] :jfb ePsf] vfB j:t' crf l;tg rf:;r':; ;fFwgL . r6k6 gf) [;+) r6'n] != rfF8rfF
f] ug{ vf]Hg] sfd jf
370

cj:yf em6k6 xtkt zL3|tf . @= rnfO cl:ytf . > r6k6fOg' c) lqm) rfF8rfF8f] ug{ vf]lhg'
k6 ulg' . r6k6fpg' c) lqm) != rfF8rfF8f] ug{ vf]Hg' x8a8fpg' . @= s'g} sfd ug{ lgs}
56k6L x'g' jf pT;'s x'g' . #= 56k6 ug'{ xtflg' 56k6fpg' . $= c:k6fpg' . r6kl6g' c)
lqm) r6k6 nfUg' xtkltg' 56kl6g' . r6k6L lqm) lj) em6k6L xtktL 56k6L . r6k6] lj) != r6
6 ulxg'kg]{ r'na'n] . @= cwL xtkt] . r6fO gf) [ rf6\ (cfO)] rf6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|
. > r6fOg' s) lqm) r6fpg] sfd ulg' . r6fO{ gf) [;+) r6\cfO{] kfn, vf];N ] 6f] cflbaf
6 agfOPsf] u'Gb|L jf ;fgf] ;'s'n kf6af6 agfOPsf] To:tf] la5f}gf . r6fpg' k|) ] lqm)
[rf6\cfpg'] rf6\g nfpg' rf6\g] sfd ufpg' rf6\g lbg' . r6fs lqm) lj) [c) d") r6] eGg]
alQs} l56f] em jf t'?Gt em6k6 zL3| tTIf0f . > r6fsL lj) l56l56f] sfd ug]{ t'?Gt
'n] . r6fr6 lqm) of]) [r6\cfr6\] != rfF8rfF8f] x'g] uL l56l56f] . @= k'mlt{ jf r6fssf
;fy em6fem6 km6fkm6 . > r6fr6L lqm) lj) emg\ l56f] r6fr6 x'g] uL . r6fdL gf) [g]jf)
tfdl9] rfdnsf] kL7f]nfO{ kfgLdf ofnL 9'
\uf jf df6fsf] tfjfdf lrNnf] gxfnL ksfOg] f]
6L rfdnsf] kL7fsf] f]6L . r6flg' c) lqm) [r6ff] O g'] != emsf]k { msf]{ ug'{ RofFl7g
ems{g' . @= xtflg' em6kl6g' . #= ufO{n] ax vf]Hg' atf{pg' . r6ff] gf) [r6\ cff]] !=
xtf Hofb} cfQ'L x8a8L . @= sfdsf] r6ff] jf eL8 c;fsf] kGw| (t'Ssf) . > r6fofO gf
fj, lqmof jf rfn . r6'n lj) [;+)] != rkn r~rn cl:y sDkdfg . @= ;'Gb ?lrs c;n dgf]
) x]) r]n . r6\sg gf) [r6\scg] x]) rk]6f r8\sg . > r6\sg] lj) r8\sg] rs{g] . r6\sf l
[;+)] != s8f t]lhnf] . @= rsf]{ ltSvf] . gf) #= cfsfzdf lah'nL rDsFbf cfpg] em6\sFb
f] cfjfh . r6\sL gf) v"a hf]8tf]8sf] egfeg afemfafem rsf{rsL{ . > r6\lsnf] lj) != s8
f
sf] rxlsnf] jf t]lhnf]
sf] . @= rsf]{ :jfbsf] ltSvf] . r6\sf] gf) r6\sf r8\sf] .
j) [c) d") r6\6] != rfF8f]rfF8f] x'g] uL t'?Gt} zL3|tf;fy . @= ;Ss glau|g] jf gvnalng
uL, 6kSs . #= s'g} s'f] Ps} v]kdf l5Gg] jf kmf6\g] uL . $=

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

371

rfrt'
\lu0fL cfpg] uL (ufnfdf lk6\g] lsl;d) . r9\g' c) lqm) [;+) r g'] != s'g} j:t'd
' dfly k'Ug' pSng' . @= dof{bf gfg' dflQg' a9\g' . #= r9fOg' clk{t x'g' . > r9fO gf)
r9\g ] r9fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= psfnf] . #= :jsf] cff]x0f (;\uLt) . $= cfq
md0f xdnf . r9fOg' s) lqm) != psflng' . @= ;dk{0f ulg' . r9fp gf) != r9fO . @= psfnf
] . #= al9a9fp pGglt . r9fpg' ;) lqm) != dfly k'ofpg' psfNg' . @= ;dk{0f ug'{ lbg' 6q
pg' ck{0f ug'{ ;'Dkg' . r9\bf] lj) != pFef] nfu]sf] a9\bf] pGgltlt nfu]sf] . @= a9\bf
pd]sf] . r0fs gf) [;+)] rgf . r08 lj) [;+)] != k|r08 pu| l;fpg] :jefjsf] hG8 ?i6
pi0f . #= k'mlt{nf] . tf gf) r08 x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf pu|tf tLj|tf . > r08f+
z ' gf) ;"o{ lj . r08fts gf) != afxfFs6] rf]nf] . @= rgf hfF3] . #= 5f]6f] k]6Lsf]6
f . r08fn gf) [;+)] != Hofb} gLr 3[l0ft hflt jf To; hfltsf dflg; rf08fn . @= b'isd
L{ b'i6 qm" sfd ug]{ JolQm . > r08flngL gf) b'i6 :jefjsL :qL rf08flngL rG8fNgL . rl08
f gf) [;+)] b'uf{sf] Ps k r08L . r08L gf) [;+)] != b'uf{ b]jL . @= ;ft ;o Znf]s ePsf
] b'uf{sf] dfxfTDo n]lvPsf] k':ts ;KtztL . #= b'O{ gu0f, b'O{ ;u0f, Ps u'? x'g] c
f7f}F cIfdf lj>fd x'g] Ps 5Gb . ~ kf7 gf) ;KtztL kf7 ug]{ sfd . > r08Lz gf) r08Lsf
:jfdL cyf{t\ lzj . r08" gf) x]) rG8' . r08]Zj gf) [;+)] Qmj0f{ ksf lzjhL . > r08]ZjL
) sfe|] lhNnfsf] ag]kf ;xsf] k"jf]{Qdf l:yt Ps b]jL b'uf{ . rtf gf) sf];L c~rncGtu{t
;'g;L lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps :yfg . ~ gx gf) ;f]xL 7fpFdf g]kfneft ;xof]uaf6 ;Ktsf];Lsf] kf
Ldf afFw afFwL agfOPsf], %^,%)) x]S6 hldgsf] l;FrfO x'g] Ps k|l;4 gx . rt' \ gf) [;+
)] != rfsf] ;\Vof . @= ;df; ePsf zAbdf rf eGg] cy{ a'emfpg] k"jk { b (rt'u0 { f, rt
'ou {' , rt'j0 { f{ O)) . rt' lj) [;+)] != rnfs xf]l;of af7f] rgfvf] rt'f] s'zn d
n' . @= k'mlt{nf] l56f]5ltf] . #= ;'Gb lk|o . rt'\lu0fL gf) [;+)] != xfQL, 3f]8f,
rf c\uff ;';lHht kmf}h . @= kf;fsf] v]n .

v'Ng] uL lrl6Ss . lj) %= ;'xfpFbf] ldn]sf] l7Ss . rf gf) [r6\ cf] rngcg';f aL; k'm6
, kfFr k'm6 rf}8f kfFr k'm6 pFrf] bfpfsf] rf jf vlnof] . rfg gf) [;+) r6\ cfg] Pp6} 7
nf] 9'u \ fsf] kxf8 jf l9:sf] 9'u \ 9 } ' u \ fsf] 7"nf] flz 9'u \ fsf] flzsf] Ps
6 F f] jf 6'qmf] . rL gf) [;+) rk{6] != k|foM 3/df leqaflx/ ubf{ nufOg], xn'\uf] / s
's'{Rrf v'nf x'g] cyjf ;lhn} uf]8f k:g] sk8f, 5fnf jf /a/sf] h'Qf of6of6] h'Qf rKkn
. @= vf; uL c:yfoL jf; d'sfd . #= ;gkf6sf] wfufn] kftnf] uL a'lgPsf] Ps k|sf/sf] sk
8f . r6\6 ' lj) [;+) r6'n] rnfs 56\6" w"t{ rt' . r6\6 " lj) x]) r6\6' . r6f gf) [c
6f\ \ c] lah'nLsf] rDsfOsf ;fy cfpg] eo\ s cfjfh jh| r8\ s f] . > r6f\ur6f\
7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . r'6 ' gf) r6f jh| r8\sf] . r7]nr7]nf] gf) kasf cfsfsf
df kmNg] e'jfbf e'm; x'g,] tsfL vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] kmn jgs]nf] rv]nf] . r8Lv8L gf) rN
km k'mtL{kmftL{ . r8\sg' c) lqm) [r8\sf] g'] != jh|kft x'g' . @= l;, cfj]u cflbsf sf0f
] 7"nf] :j lgsfn] emls{g' u8\sg' s8\lsg' . r8\sg gf) [r8\s cg] xTs]nf jf na6fn] ufnfdf
lxsf{pg] sfo{ r6\sg rKk8 . ~ lrpf gf) ufnfdf hf]8;Fu r8\sfpg] sfd na6fsf] yKk8 . r8\s
f gf) [r8\sf] cf] x]) r8\sf], r6\sf . r8\sfO gf) [ r8\sfp (cfO)] r8\sfpg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . [ > ] r8\sfOg' s) lqm) r8\sg nfOg' r8\sg lbOg' . r8\sfpg' ;) lqm) [r8\s
gcfpg'] != nk]6fn] ufnfdf xfGg' r8\sg lbg' @= csf] dfndQf xhd kfg'{ x8Kg' . #= r'6g \
' lk6\g' . r8\sfr8\sL gf) [r8\sf]r8\sf]] egfeg rsf{rsL{ r6\sfr6\sL . r8\s ] lj) [r8\
f]P] l;fpg] jf r8\lsg] vfnsf] u8\lsg] :jefjsf] . r8\sf] gf) [;+) r6s] ah|kft r6\of
r
f] . r8\SofO gf) [ r8\ls (cfO)] r8\lsg] jf r8\lsg nufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] r
8\Sofx6 gf) r8\lsg] :jefj, lqmof jf cj:yf . r8fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") r8fd\d] na6fsf] cf
jfh

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rt'fOrGhf rt'fO gf) [rt'f]cfO] rt'f] x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf a7fOF rft'o{ rnf
j) [;+)] != rf d'v ePsf] . gf) @= a|Xdf . rt'f>d gf) [;+)] j0ff{>dJoj:yfcg';f hLjgsf
rf cj:yf (a|Xdro{, ufx{:y, jfgk|:y ;GGof;) . rt'f] lj) [rt' cf]] x]) rt' . rt'y { l
+)] rf}yf] rff}F . ~ v08 gf) e"ue{zf:qdf hLj sNksf] ljefhgdf kg]{ ;dosf] rf}yf] v08
gjhLjgsf ;dosf] ljefhgsf t[tLo v08kl5 cfpg] clGtd v08 . ~ lxdo'u gf) k'ftjzf:qcg';f
cfheGbf c;L xhf jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] lxdo'u t[tLo lxdfgL jf t[tLo lxdo'ueGbf kl5sf
] lxdo'u rf lxdo'u jf rf lxdfgLdWo] clGtd lxdo'u . > rt'yf{z +{ gf) rf}yfO rf}yf] ef
u rf}yfO efu . rt'yf{z + s gf) s'n k'gfj[lQnfO{ rf efudf afF8g \ ] ljrfsf] dfg . rt'y
f{>d gf) j0ff{>dJoj:yfcg';f hLjgsf rf cj:yfdWo] clGtd cf>d ;GGof; cf>d . rt'yL{ gf)
)] != rfGb|dfgsf lx;fan] s[i0f jf z'SnkIfsf] rff}F lbg rf}yL . @= df\ulns sfo{sf] p
Bfkg ;f\u] . #= Jofs0fdf nfO{ ljelQm x'g] Ps lrXg . ~ sd{ gf) ljjfx cflb z'esfo{sf cj
f ulg] rf}yf] lbgsf] sfo{ . rt'bG { t lj) [;+)] != rfj6f bfFt pd|]sf] rf bfFt] (xfQL)
. gf) @= P]fjt xfQL . rt'bz { gf) [;+)] != rf}wsf] ;\Vof . lj) @= rf}w rf}wf}F . ~
e'jg gf) k[YjLeGbf dflysf ;ft nf]s (e"nf]s { , e'jnf]s { , :jnf]s { , dxnf]s { ,
hgnf]s, tkf]nf]s ;Tonf]s) k[YjLeGbf tnsf ;ft nf]s (tn, ctn, ljtn, ;'tn, tnftn, ;
ftn kftfn) uL hDdf rf}w nf]s . ~ ljBf gf) rf}w ljBf jf zf:q (rf j]b Cu\, oh', ;fd, c
yj{ j]bsf 5 c\u lzIff, sNk, Jofs0f, lg?Qm, Hof]ltif 5Gb clg dLdf+;f, Gofo, wd{zf:q
0f) . > rt'bz { L gf) rfGb|df;sf lx;fan] z'Sn jf s[i0f kIfsf] rf}wf}F lbg cf}; F L
jf k"l0f{dfsf] cl3Nnf] lbg . rt'lb{s \ gf) [;+)] rf lbzf (k"j,{ blIf0f, klZrd pQ)
. rt'f{ lj) [;+)] != rf 9f]sf ePsf] rf 9f]s] . gf) @= rf lbzfdf rf}j6f 9f]sf ePsf]
'af{x ' gf) [;+)] lji0f' gffo0f rt'e'{h . rt'eh {' gf) [;+)] != rt'af{x' . @= ]vful0
tdf ju{, cfot cflbsf Ps csf{df ldn] rf sf]0f aGg] ;n ]vf . lj) #= rf e'hf ePsf] (If]q
cflb) . rt'df{; gf) [;+)] != cfiff9 z'Sn PsfbzLb]lv sflt{s z'Sn PsfbzL;Ddsf] rf d
lxgf rf}df;f . @= tL dlxgfxdf ulg] ljleGg wfld{s sfo{ . rt'dv {' gf) [;+)] != a|Xdf
. lj) @= rf d'v ePsf]
372

rt'fgg . rt'ofO gf) [rt'f]ofOF] rt'f] x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . rt'ou {' gf) [;
To, q]tf, fk slno'u . rt'ju { { gf) [;+)] dfgj hLjgsf rf k'?iffy{ (wd{, cy{, sfd d
]If) . rt'j0 { f{ gf) [;+)] j0ff{>d jf ;gftgL ;dfhsf rf >]0fL (a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Z
o z"b) | . rt'lj{Bf gf) [;+)] qoL cyj{ j]b cyf{t\ Cu\, oh', ;fd cyj{jb ] rt'jb {]
. rt'jb {] gf) [;+)] != Cu\, oh', ;fd cyj{ j]b rt'lj{Bf . lj) @= rf} j]b;Fu kllrt
ePsf] rf} j]bsf] 1ftf . > rt'jb {] L gf) != rf} j]bsf] 1ftf . @= a|fXd0f ju{sf] Ps y
. rt'isf]0f lj) [;+)] != rf sf]0f ePsf] rf s'gf ePsf] . gf) @= rf kfZj{ ePsf] cfs[lt
t'e'{h . rt'iky gf) [;+)] rf af6fsf] ;d'bfo rf}af6f] rf}:tf rf}dx ' fgL . rt'ikb gf)
+)] != rf}kfof rfv'] hGt' rt'ikfb . lj) @= rf v'f ePsf] . #= rf c
\u ePsf] . > rt'ik
rf r0f ePsf] Znf]s jf kB . rt'ikfb gf) [;+)] x]) rt'ikb . rt':;"qL lj) [;+)] != rf ;
"q ePsf] . gf) @= a|Xd;"qsf cflDes rf ;"q . rTj gf) [;+)] != rf s'gf k]sf] rf} jf cf
. @= rf bf]af6f] rf}:tf . #= rf}tff] . $= o1e"ld . r2 gf) [kmf) rfb] != k5f}f cf
b b'kf dh]qf] asf]{ . @= l6g h:tf . rgs gf) Ps hftsf] ;fgf] afO{ rf] . ~ afO{ gf
;fgf]vfn] afO{ rf] . rgsdGbrgvdGbrgvdGg gf) ;'g;fg ;Ggf6f rsdGg . rgdt] lj) r'na'n
5's5's] rsrs] . rgf gf) [;+) r0fs] dl;gf kft x'g,] gLnf k"mn k'mNg] ;;fgf e'jfbf sf
];f nfUg] af]6 jf To;}sf sf];fleqsf uf]nf] r'Rr] bfgf r0fs . rgfvf] lj) rt' rt'f] . r
gff] gf) sf7sf efF8fs'F8f agfpg] JolSt jf Ps hflt r'gff] . rgf}6 ] lj) [rgf}6f]P] !=
gf}6f]h:tf] rgf}6fsf cfsfsf] . gf) @= To:tf] cfsfsf] v]tafLsf] uf] jf kf6f] . rgf}6f]
f) [rGbg cf}6f]] rGbg 3f]6\g] 9'\uf] . rGrn] lj) [r~rn P] 5's5's ug]{ :jefj ePsf] 5's5'
s] r~rn . rGhf gf) rfFhf] Joj:yf klk~r aGbf]a:t k|aGw .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

373

rG8fNgLrGb|zdz]/ lbgdf k"hf ulg] Ps eujtL gjb'uf{dWo] Ps . r"8 gf) rGb|zv ] lzj d
. ~ wg' gf) rGb|dfsf] k|sfzdf jf h'g]nL ftdf b]lvg] OGb|wg' . w gf) rGb|z]v lzj .
f gf) rGb|dfsf] k|sfz h"g . ~ k|f;fb gf) h'g]nL ftsf] cfgGb lng ;lsg] ejgsf] 5teGbf
dflysf] sf]7f jf a'hf{ . laGb' gf) cIfxsf] yfKnf]df nfUg] cw{rGb|laGb' h"gl6sL gfs]
jaf6 pRrf0f x'g] To:tf] lrXg ( F ) . ~ laDa gf) rGb|dfsf] k|sfzdo jt'{nfsf k rGb|dfsf
k"0f{ laDa rGb|d08n rGb|;ef . efn gf) lzjhLsf] rGb|e"if0fo'Qm k lzjhL . dl0f gf)
dfsf ls0fsf :kz{n] hudufpg] elgPsf] xlof] dl0fljz]if rGb|sfGtdl0f . ~ d08n gf) != rG
b|dfsf] jlkl slxn]sfxLF b]vf kg]{ uf]nfsf kllw . @= rGb|dfsf] k"0f{ laDa rGb|laDa rGb
dfsf] d08n . #= x7of]ucGtu{t b'j} cfFvLef}F hf]l8g] 7fpFeGbf dfly lgwfeGbf tn x]sf
] sfNklgs rGb|df . ~ dlNnsf gf) h'g]nL ftdf 9sdSs k'mnL rf}lt dudu af:gf km}nfpg] Ps
yL rd]nL k"mn . rGb|df gf) [;+)] != ;"o{sf] k|sfz kfP flt cfsfzdf rDsg] @( lbgdf Ps
N6 k[YjLnfO{ klqmdf ug]{ k[YjLsf] pku|x rGb| h"g ;f]d zzL OGb' . @= gfLxn] lzdf nu
b|dfsf cfsfsf] Ps uxgf . rGb|dv ' lj) [;+)] != rGb|dfem}F xFl;nf] pHofnf] rSsf d'
xf ePsf] Hofb} fd|f] cg'xf ePsf] . gf) @= rGb|dfh:tf] d'v rGb|dfkL d'v . > rGb|dv ' L
j) rGb|dfh:tf] pHofnf] d'v ePsL ;fx|} fd|L . rGb|nv ] f gf) [;+)] rGb|dfsf] ls0f rGb|
snf rfFbgL . rGb|jz + gf) [;+)] fhf k'?jfb]lv k|fDe ePsf] g]kfnnufot eftjif{sf Iflqo
f] Ps k|l;4 j+z . rGb|jbg lj) [;+)] rGb|dfsf] h:tf] d'v ePsf] ;'Gb . > rGb|jbgL lj)
rGb|dfsf] h:tf] d'v ePsL (:qL) fd|L ;'GbL . rGb|jNnLrGb|jNnL gf) [;+)] ;f]dntf . rGb
b|jf; gf) [;+)] xKtfsf ;ft lbgdWo] rGb|dfsf] kfnf]df k]sf] lbg cfOtafb]lv zlgjf;Ddsf
ft jfdWo] bf];|f] jf ;f]djf . rGb|ljgfos gf) [;+)] sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf b]jkQgsf] pQL ;
dfdf kg]{ k|l;4 rf u0f]zdWo] Ps rfalxn u0f]z . rGb|ljGb' gf) [;+)] b]jgfuL lnlkcGtu{
t cg'gfl;s jf gfs] Wjlgsf] k|ltlglwTj ug{ ;fg'gfl;s (:j) j0f{sf] lzdf lbOg] cw{rGb|
fsfsf] lrXg h"gl6sL ( F ) . rGb|zdz] gf) [rGb| zdz]] g]kfndf lj) ;+) !()# b]lv ;'? ePs
] f0ffzf;gsf kfFrf}F k|wfgdGqL jf >L # dxffh (zf;gsfn lj) ;+) !(%*!(*^) .

kGhf gf) != otfplt ug]{ sfd kljt{g r]Ghkm]Gh . @= rfFhf]kfFhf] aaGbf]a:t . #= v6gk6
|fpkx|fp . $= afF8kmfF8 Kkmf8Kkmf . rG8fNgL gf) x]) r08flngL . rG8' gf) [lx)] clkmdaf
6 agfOPsf] gzfbf w"dk | fgljz]if . vfgf gf) clkmd, ufFhf cflb nfu" kbfy{ vfg] cvf8f
. rGbg gf) [;+)] ;'uGwo'Qm Ps hftsf] s8f sf7 jf Tof] sf7 kfgLdf 3f]6] agfOPsf] n]
k >Lv08 ljn]kg n]kg rGbgb|j . vf]L gf) rGbg fVg] kfq jf efF8f] . ~ lu8f] gf) rGb
>Lv08, w"kL, sf7 cflbsf] luF8f] . lul gf) dno kj{t . gfy gf) s0ff{nL c~rncGtu{t h'
Dnf lhNnfsf] vn
\ufl:yt Ps dxfb]j . @= gfy;Dk|bfosf Ps of]uL . > rGbgL gf) rGbg 3f]6
g \ ] jf rGbg agfpg] 7fpF . rGbg] lj) != rGbgsf] l6sf] w]} nufpg] . @= rGbg tyf cG
o k|;fb afF8L hLljsf rnfpg] rGbg 3f]6g \ ] sfd u] k]6 kfNg] . rGbf gf) [kmf) rGb] !=
;fdflhs, ;fd"lxs s'g} klg kf]ksfL sfo{sf lglDt ;xfotf:jk lbOg] jf hDdf ulg] sd . @=
k6sk6s uL k|sflzt eOxg] kq klqsf cflbsf] z'Ns d"No . #= ;\3, ;+:yf, ;\u7g cflb rnfpg
lglDt ;DalGwt JolQmxdWo]af6 p7fOg] z'Ns . rGb| gf) [;+)] != h"g zzL OGb' rGb|df ;f]d
@= gju|xdWo] bf];f| ] ux| @( lbgdf k[YjLsf] klqmdf ug]{ To;} cfwfdf z'SnkIf, s[i0fk
Ifsf ;fy} ltlyx lgwf{lt ulg] k[YjLsf] pku|x . s gf) rGb|ls0f Hof]T:gf rfFbgL O)
!= rGb|ls/0frGb|n]vf . @= rGb|dfsf ;f]x| snf (cd[tf, dfgbf, k"iff, k'li6, t'li6, l
t, w[lt, zlzgL, rlGb|sf, sflGt, Hof]T:gf, >L, k|Llt, c\ubf, k"0ff{ k"0ff{dt [ f)
. #= lzdf nufpg] rGb|fsf uxgfljz]if . sfGt gf) rGb|dfsf] ls0f kbf{ kfgL lg:sg] xlof]
dl0f zlzsfGt zLtdl0f rGb|f]kn . uGh gf) f0ff k|wfgdGqL rGb|zdz]sf gfdaf6 x]sf] Ps
:yfg g]kfnsf] k"jL{ tfO{v08sf] l;fxf lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps 7fpF . lul gf) x]) rGb|flul .
Kt gf) != ljqmdeGbf @^# jif{ k"j{ kf6lnk'q fhwfgL ePsf] duwsf] fhl;+xf;gdf a:g] k|y
d df}o{;d|f6\ . @= $#& lj) ;+) df duwsf] /fhl;+xf;gdf a:g] ljqmdflbTo pkflwwfL ;'k
|l;4 u'Kt;d|f6\ . ~ u|x0f gf) != rGb|dfdf nfUg] u|x0f fx'u|:t x'Fbf rGb|dfdf kg]{ c
f+lzs jf k"0f{ sfnf] 6f6f] . @= ;"o{sf] k|sfz 5]lsg] uL k[YjLsf] 5fof rGb|dfsf la
Dadf kL cf+lzs kdf jf k"} rGb|df gb]lvg] x'g] l:ylt To; l:yltdf rGb|dfdf b]lvg] sfnf
] efu jf 6f6f] . #= x7of]ucGtu{t k|f0f O8f gf8Lff s'08lngLdf k'u]sf] cj:yf . ~ 306
f gf) gjflqsf t];|f]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rGb|z]v/rk]6rk]6f rGb|zv ] lj) [;+)] != d:ts jf lgwfdf rGb|df wf0f ug]{ . gf) @= dxf
]j lzj . rGb|xf gf) [;+)] cfwf rGb|dfsf] cfsfsf ax'd"No wft'sf 6'qmfxsf of]uaf6 ag]sf
] k"0f{ rGb|dfsf] h:tf] cfsf ePsf] unfdf nufOg] uf]nf] dfnf jf xf gfLxff unfdf nufOg
"0f{rGb|dfsf cfsfsf] k|frLg uxgfljz]if . rGb|xf; gf) [;+)] != rlDsnf] tjf . @= fj0fsf
] tjf . rGb|fz + ' gf) [;+)] rGb|ls0f h"g rfFbgL . rGb|f gf) [;+)] != v'nf bnfg . @
Fb'jf . rGb|flul gf) [;+) rGb|lul] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] blIf0f klZrd efudf kg]{, ;d'b
|sf] ;txeGbf *,#^% lkm6 cUnf] Ps k|l;4 kj{t . rGb|fnf]s gf) [;+) rGb| cfnf]s] != rG
b|dfsf] k|sfz . @= cn\sfjfbL ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qL hob]jff lnlvt Ps u|Gysf] gfd . rlGb|
sf gf) [;+)] != h"g rGb|dfsf] ls0f rfFbgL Hof]T:gf sf}d'bL . @= h"gsf] zLtn k|sfz jf
udufx6 . > rlGb|sf]T;j gf) k|frLg sfndf zb\ Ct'sf] k"l0f{dfsf cj;df dgfOg] Ps pT;j
. rGb|fb ] o gf) [;+)] != rGb|dfsf] pbo h"g pbfPsf] cj:yf jf ;do . @= cfo'j]{bLo k
4ltcGtu{t kff] ;'g e:d u] agfOg] Ps pQ]hs cf}ifwL . rGgL gf) fdlemFugLsf] h:tf] kmn
mNg], u]8f jf 3f]3fsf] crf vfOg] a'6fsf] kf6 lgsflng] Ps k|sfsf] emf8L rGgLkf6 . kf
6 gf) rGgL . rk! gf) [c\)] cfn'sf] eftL cyjf d'5s ] f] kL7f]leq s]fp, tsfL jf df;' xf
L aflxaf6 a];gsf] n]bf] nufO{ t]n jf l3pdf tf] agfOPsf] vfB j:t' . rk@ gf) != vfg] j
f krfP lgNg] sfd . @= s'g} klg rLh (k};fnufot) gkmsf{pg] lgotn] lnPsf] lno} ug]{
sfd krfpg] sfd l;Q}Fdf vfOlbg] sfd kr . rkSs lqm) lj) [c) d") rk\ > rks\ s] gplKsg] jf
g5'lg] uL (6fFl;g', hf]l8g', hl8g', ;dfpg' O)) . rkrk lqm) lj) [c) d") rk\ c (l))] !=
s'g} kbfy{ RofkRofk nfUg] jf 6fFl;g] uL . (pbf) rfs' vfFbf d'vel rkrk 6fFl;G5) . @=
udL{ jf sl7g dfgl;s cj:yfsf sf0fn] d'v ;'Sg] uL KofsKofs . rk6 gf) != 9f]sf b}nf] f
= kxf rf}sL kfnf] ufb . > rk6] gf) 9f]s] f] kx]bf kfn] . rk8f gf)x]) rk/f . r
!= yKk8 . @= cf3ft jf Iflt . #= rf]6k6s . rkf gf) vf] jf z'4 kf] kftnf] kfk|fkfk|f a
Psf]
374

nfxf rk8f . rkf; gf) [kmf) rk f:t] cb{nL txsf sd{rfLn] sdk]6L jf 5ftLdf nufpg], sfof{
jf ;+:yfsf] gfd, sd{rfLsf] bhf{ gDa n]lvPsf] wft'sf] Aofh rk|f; . rkf;L lj) [rkf; O
rkf; nufpg] (JolQm) . gf) @= rk|f; nufPsf] sd{rfL rk|f;L . ~ c8\8f gf) != l;kfxLff k
nf]kxfsf] aGbf]a:t ldnfpg] cf (k|frLg sfndf) . @= h]nsf] x]rfx ug]{ cf (f0ffsfneGbf c
l3) af6f]sfh;DaGwL cf (f0ffsfndf) . #= yf]} dfq s}bsf] ;hfo afFsL x]sf s}bLaf6 af6fsf
] ;'3;kmfO ug{ nufpg] cf . rkL gf) [k|f) rSsn O{] != b"af], emf cflb;d]tsf] df6fsf] 9]
f] rf]OnL rf]Onf] rfsf] . @= kGo"n] lems]sf] eftsf] rf]Onf] . rkf] gf) [k|f) rSsnf]]
7"nf] kldf0fsf] rkL rKkf . rkr{G8 lj) [;+) rkn r08] != s8f :jefj jf ldhf;sf] k|r08 pu
@= l;fxf dfkfsf] emSs8 emSsL . #= rDd" 5's5's] . > rkr{G8L gf) != rkr{G8 x'g] :jefj
f k|jl[ Q . lj) @= To:tf] :jefj jf k|jl[ QsL (:qL) . rkn lj) [;+)] != rsrs] r~rn .
@= l:y gxg] cl:y . #= yyfpg] xNng] . $= clgTo Ifl0fs . %= k'mlt{nf] 5ltf] . tf
cflbsf kfqdf fu, ]ifaf6 x'g] cl:ytf JolerfL efjsf] Ps e]b . @= rkn x'g] efj jf u'0f
VofOF a7fOF . rknf lj) [;+)] != rkn :jefjsL (:qL) af7L . gf) @= lah'nL (d]3sf]) . #=
j]Zof Jolerfl0fL :qL . $= wgsL b]jL nIdL . %= lha|f] . ^= S;L . &= lqi6'k\ hfltsf]
Ps ;dj[Q 5Gbljz]if . jSq gf) ljifd kfpdf rff}F cIfb]lv k gu0f ;d kfpdf To:t} uL ou
x'g] Ps 5Gb . rkfO gf) [ rkfp (cfO)] != rkfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= krfpg] jf
rk ulg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ rfk\ cfO] #= rfKg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof rfk lyrfO . [
> ] rkfOg' s) lqm) != rkfpg] sfd ulg' . @= rfKg nufOg' . rkfpg' ;) lqm) [;+) rj{0f]
!= d'vdf xflnPsf] s'fnfO{ bfFtn] lk;] lgNg nfos agfpg' bfFtn] 6f]Sg' . rkfpg' k|) ]
lqm) [rfk\ cfp g'] rfKg nufpg' rflkg] kfg'{ lyrfpg' . rkftL gf) [lx)] != kftnf] uL a]n]
3p, t]n cflb s]xL gxfnL ksfPsf] ux'Fsf] f]6L k'mNsf, ;'vf f]6L . @= k'L f]6L . rk]6rk
6f gf) [;+)] != na6f] . @= xTs]nf . #= yKk8 . $= sfdsf] rfkfrfk . %= s'g} sfd rfF
8f] ufpg lbOg]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

375

rKsfOrDsfO tdf;f . #= ;flxTozf:qdf ;sf] cg'e"lt ufpg] sfJo ;f}Gbo{ . > rdTsfltf gf) r
Tsfk"0f{ u'0f . rdTsfL lj) rdTsf ug]{ . rdTs[t lj) cfZro{ jf lj:dodf k]sf] . rdTs[lt
) != rdTsf . @= lzNks gfds pkkssf ;QfO; c\udWo] Ps . rd gf) [;+) rfd] != xDsgfsf lglD
k|of]u ulg] rf} F LufO{sf] k'R5sf] k'msf]{ jf e'mKkf] . @= fhsLo lrXgdWo] Ps dflgg]
;f]xL e'mKkf] rFj . rdf gf) [;+) rfd] ds}sf] af]6sf] 6'Kkf]df lg:sg] wfgrdfh:t} uL
g] af]6la?jf emfkftsf 6'Kkfsf] e'mKkf] . rdL gf) [;+)] sfnf nfdfnfdf afSnf f}F x'g],
k'R5sf] e'mKkf] sf6] rFj agfOg], ltAat dWo Pl;ofdf kfOg] Ps hGt'ljz]if rdL ufO{ rf
f}FLufO{ ofs r'Fu' . ufO{ gf) x]) rdL . rd; gf) [;+)] sf7sf] rDrfh:tf] cfsfsf] Ps
g kfq . rdfrd lqm) lj) [ rdrd] v"a rds cfpg] jf lbg] uL . rdf gf) [;+) rd{sf] != 5fn
h'Qf cflb agfpg] hGdhft k];f ePsf] Ps hflt ;fsL{ . @= ldemf (;Ddfg ubf{) . rd" gf)
[;+)] k|frLg sfnsf] ;]gf (&@( xfQL, &@( y, @!*& 3f]8r9L #^$% kbflt x]sf]) . rd]gf
gf) [;+) rj{0fLo] vfhf hnkfg . ~ u[x3 gf) rd]gf ug]{ 7fpF jf 3 ]:6'fF . rd]L gf)
d]f]sf] n3' k . ~ of6 gf) k|eft x'g] ;do jf laxfgsf] lg5fd cj:yf . rd]f] gf) != lbp
sf xfFufdf e'mlG8P tnlt d'v kmsf{O{ a:g] k|foM flt p8\g] hLpel e'Tnf ePsf], kftnf] s
k8fem}F lemNnLbf kv]6f x'g,] d';f]h:tf] Ps :tgkfoL k|f0fL . @= b'j} kIfdf nfUg] J
olQm dNsf]9Nsf] . rd]nL gf) nxfdf k'mNg] ;]tf] jf kx]Fnf] af:gfbf ;fgf ;fgf k"mnljz]i
f . rdf]6 gf) ljlzi6 :tsf ckfwLxnfO{ dfq nufOg] 5fnfsf] g]nljz]if . rDsg' c) lqm) [rD
'] != l5gl5gdf emNsg' t]lhnf] x'g' 6Nsg' hudufpg' . @= s;}nfO{ g6]g'{ ;]vL vf]Hg' dfl
g' a9\g' . #= pGgltdf nfUg' tSsL x'g' . rDsg'rDsgf] gf) [rd{ lsg'] { dflg;sf] skfndf n
Ug] h'd|fsf] k"} gx'ls{Psf] cj:yf 9f8LeGbf ;fg' e';'g'eGbf 7"nf] h'd|f] . rDsfO gf)
[ rDs (cfO)] rDsg] efj, lqmof jf u'0f .

k|]0ff . ^= ttflstf jf bafj . rKsfO gf) [ rKs (cfO)] != rKsfpg] jf 6fF:g] lqmof jf k|
lqmof . @= rKsfpg] jf krfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rKsfOg' s) lqm) != rk
ulg' rf]lg' . @= rKsfpg] sfd ulg' 6F;fOg' . rKsfpg'! ;) lqm) [rKs cfp g'] rk ug'{ r
]g{' 6Ksfpg' . rKsfpg'@ ;) lqm) [lx) lrksfgf > rKs cfp g'] u'Fb, df8 cflb n];fOnf] jf
n]bf] kbfy{n] s'g} j:t' 6fF:g' hf]8g \ '. rKk lqm) lj) [c) d") rk\ k] s'g} j:t' d'vl
eq xfnL l56f] lgNg] uL . (pbf) d'vleq rKk Pp6f pl;g]sf] nK;L xfn] fd efUof] .) . rKk
g gf) rk ug]{ sfd csf{sf] rLhnfO{ cg}lts kn] cfgf] kfg]{ b'i6fOF sd{ rKk' . rKkn gf)
. rKkf gf) != rkL rfsf] . @= e'6]sf] ux'F, hf} cflbsf] kL7f] jf ;ft' . rKk'! gf) x])
rKkg . rKk'@ gf) x]) r6\sg r8\sg . rKn]6L lj) != RofK6f] kmflsnf] (7fpF cflb) . @=
;dtn k]sf] . gf) #= lrKn]6L (v]n) . ~ 9'u \ f] gf) lrKn]6L v]Ng] sfddf cfpg] jf cfp
g ;Sg], sfnf] k]sf] s]xL 7"nf] r]K6f], lrKnf] 9'\uf] lrKn]6L v]Ng] 9'\uf] lrKn]6L 9
] . rKk|f;L lj)gf)x]) rk/f;L . rk|f; gf)x]) rk/f; . rk|f;L gf)lj)x]) rk/f;L . rafO gf
[rfj\ cfO] rfAg] lqmof, efj jf k|lqmof . rds gf) [c) d") rd\ cs] k|r08 tfkaf6 cfPsf]
k|sfz Hjfnfljgfsf] rxs pHofnf] k|sfz t]h 6ns k|ef 6s bLlKt . bds gf) zf]ef rxs
. bf lj) rds ePsf] . rdlsg' c) lqm) x]) rlDsg' . rdlsnf] lj) x]) rlDsnf] . rdSs lqm
lj) v"al;t rDsg] uL . rdrd lqm)lj) [c) d") rd\ c (l))] != yf]} pHofnf] 5b}{ rlDsg] uL
. gf) @= 5]gfaf6 tof kflPsf] u'lnof] ld7fO{ljz]if . > rdrdfO gf) rdrd ug]{ efj, lqm
of jf u'0f . > rdrdfOg' c) lqm) rds lgl:sg' rlDsg' . rdrdfpg' c) lqm) rDsg' rds cfpg
' . rdrf gf)x]) rDrf . rdh'df | ] gf) dflg;sf 5fnfdf alnof];u F 6fFl;P a:g] df;' sf]
;fgf] lsg'{ljz]if 5fnfdf 6fFl;g] h'd|f] . rd8f gf) [;+) rd{] 5fnf . rdTsf gf) [;+)]
!= cfZro{ crDd lj:do . @= v]n

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rDsfrDsLr0f rDsfOg' s) lqm) rDsg] kflg' . rDsfpg' ;) lqm), k|) ] lqm) != rlDsg] kfg'{
6Nsfpg' . @= dQfpg' . #= rDsg nufpg' . rDsfrDsL! gf) [rDsf] rDsL] ;fgf7"nf rDsfxsf] ;
d"x . rDsfrDsL@ gf) [rDs rDsL] afg] h'Wg] xf]8afhL rDsfOsf] k|ltof]lutf . rlDsg' c)
) [rDs O g'] emnSs emNsg', t]lhnf] x'g' rDsg' . rlDsnf] lj) [rds Onf]] rds ePsf] rdsbf
nf] . rDsL gf) [rDsf] O{] ;fgf] vfnsf] rDsf] . rDs] lj) [rDsf] P] rDsf] ePsf] (r'nf]) r
'nf]sf] rDsf]h:tf] cfsfsf] (s'g} j:t') . rDsf] gf) r'nfsf] d'vdf efF8f c8fpg tLglt p
7fOPsf] y'Dsf] . rDrf gf) [;+) rd;] Psfkl ;dfpgfsf nflu laF8 ePsf] csf{kl clnslt vf
]lkN6f] k]sf], vfgf vfg jf ksfOPsf vfgfnfO{ rnfpg k|of]u ulg] pks0f rdr rdrf . luL
rfsL :jfy{k0 " f{ ;]jfsfo{ . > rDrL gf) ;fgf] vfnsf] rDrf . rDks gf) [;+)] != ;'uGwd
o ;]tf] jf kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;sf] kmn rfFkf] rDkf . @= Ps
k|sfsf] ;'uGwL b|Joljz]if . #= Ps k|sfsf] s]f . ~ dfnf gf) != k|frLg sfndf k|rlnt Ps
k|sfsf] uxgf . @= rDks k"mnaf6 agfOPsf] dfnf . #= k|To]s kfpdf qmdzM e, d, ;u0f
b'O{ u'? j0f{ eO{sg kfFrf}F cIfdf lj>fd x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gbljz]if . rDkt gf) efUg]
jf s'n]nd 7f]Sg] sfd a]kQf x'g] sfd 6fk 7f]Sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof ;'OFs'Rrf . rDkf gf
) [;+)] x]) rDks . jt gf) k|frLg s"df{rn b]zsf] fhwfgL xfnsf] s'dfpmF k|b]zsf] Ps k
|l;4 :yn . jtL gf) u\ufsf] lsgfdf x]sf] Ps k|frLg gusf] gfd c\ub]zsf] fhwfgL (jt{
nk') . ;L gf) dl;gf af:gfbf rfdn x'g] Ps k|sfsf] wfg . rDk" gf) [;+)] uB kB b'j
sf] sfJo (pbf) d]f] sljtfsf] cffwgf, ;d) . rDan gf) != e]8fsf] pmgaf6 tof ulg] Ps sk8
ljz]if . @= eftsf] Ps k|l;4 gbL ;f] gbL ePsf] pkTosf . ~ 3f6L 8fFs"xsf] laulauL ePs
f] s'Voft cf>o:yn . rDa' gf) [rDa" < ;+) rd"] ;fgf] d'v ePsf] 6'6Ljfn Ps k|sfsf] h
nkfq Ps k|sfsf] nf]xf]6f . rDd' lj) [;+) hDa's] cUwf] af7f] c;fWo rt'f] 52" . rDnfof
) Ps hftsf] j[Ifljz]if . rD;' gf) tsfL vfOg], sfFr} vfFbf gfsdf fu cfpg],
[>]
376

dl;gf 8fF7 kmf6]sf kft x'g] k|l;4 ;fuljz]if . ro gf) [;+)] ;\u|x ;d"x y'k|f] flz .
gf) [;+)] != l6Kg] sfd (k"mn cflb) . @= a6'Ng], ;\ux | ug]{ jf ;\sng ug]{ sfd y'kfg
]{ jf hDdf ug]{ sfd . zLn lj) rog ug]{ :jefj ePsf] . xf gf) yf :qLxn] unfb]lv 5ftL
n6\sg] uL nufpg] Ps yL uxgf . > rolgsf gf) ;\u|x ulPsf s'g} klg j:t', kbfy{ jf tj .
ogLo lj) rog ug{ of]Uo hDdf ug{ x'g] . r\g' c) lqm) [;+) r\ g'] 3Fl;nf] rf}, 8fF8f],
cflbdf ufO{a:t'n] 8'n] 3fF; cflb vfFb} k]6 eg'{ . r gf) [;+)] != hf;'; u'Ktr u"9k'?if
L) cfO{) 8L) . @= b"t slnof] . #= 3sf] hu . $= f]u . %= ;'OFsf] e]b . lj) ^= lxF88'n
ug]{ rNg] h\ud . &= ;hLj . rs gf) [;+)] != eftLo cfo'jb {] sf k|jt{s rs;+lxtf
= z]ifgfusf cjtf dflgg] ltg} cfrfo{ . #= 8'n'jf a6'jf klys . ~ ;+lxtf gf) rs d'lgn] n
]vs ] f] cfo'j]{bLo lrlsT;f;DaGwL Ps k|l;4 u|Gy . rSs lqm) lj) [c) d") r\ > rs\ s] !=
lrlg] jf wfFhf kmf6\g] uL . @= 3fd cflb rs]{ kf]Ng] uL . rr lqm) lj) [c) d") r\ c (
wdfwd kmf6\g] jf lrlg] eP . @= 3fp cflb b'Vg] jf rs{g] uL . gf) #= rrsf] Wjlg jf kL8f
. $= lrlg] k|lqmof . > rrL lqm) lj) != wdfwd kmf6\g] jf lrlg] eP rr . @= 3fp cflb
f rxofpg] uL . #= 3fF; pv]Nbf wdfwd rr cfjfh cfpg] uL . rr] lj) != rr cfjfh lgsfN
tf] cfjfh cfpg] uL af]Ng] . @= lr8fxf :jefjsf] emsf{xf . r0f gf) [;+)] != kfb kfp ko
8f . @= Znf]ssf] Ps k\lQm rf}yfO c+z . #= j]bsf] Ps zfvf jf ;Dk|bfo . $= j+z k':tf
. %= :tDe . ~ sdn gf) sdnsf] k"mnh:tf] kfp jf kfbtn r0fkb\d r0ffljGb (dfgdof{bf hgfp
k|of]u ulg] zAb) . ~ lrXg gf) kfpsf] lrXg s'g} rLhdfly k]sf] kfOnfsf] 8f]a . tn gf)
k}tfnf] kfbtn . Gof; gf) sbd kfOnf . ~ kfb'sf gf) != vfp . @= 9'\uf cflbdf s'Fb] k
g]{ x]t'n] agfOPsf] kfblrXg . o'un gf) b'O{ kfp b'O{ v'f . ~ ]vf gf) kfblrXg r0flr
~ ;]jf gf) != cfk"meGbf 7"nf jf a8fsf] ;]jf dfGohgsf] ;]jf . @= kfp bfAg] jf ldRg]
sfd . ;]jL gf) != ;]js gf]s eQm . lj) @= ;]jf ug]{ . > r0ffd[t gf) != >4]o JolQmsf
fp wf]OPsf] kfgL . @= b]jk|ltdf cflbnfO{ :gfg ufOPsf] kfgL r0ff]bs . r0ffo'w gf) cfg
uf]8f g} xltof ePsf] k|f0fL s'v'f] . r0ffljGb

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

377
rgrs{g'
(JolQm) ;Rrlq ePsf] . ~ xTof gf) cgfjZos jf lgfwf

gf) r0fsdn . r0ffw{ gf) Znf]ssf] Ps kfpsf] cfwf efu cf7f}F efu jf ci6df+z . r0ff]bs g
) r0ffd[t . r0ff]kwfg gf) fhfdxffhfsf] l;+xf;gd'lg kfp fVg agfOPsf] Ps cf;g kfpbfg
. rg gf) [;+) r0f] != x]) r0f . @= ufO{a:t' rg]{ 7fpF 3fF; ePsf] 7fpF rp uf]r uf
q gf) ufO{a:t' rfpg] lglZrt If]q . rgf gf) cGtMk'sf s]6L;';f]xn] leqkl nufpg] tLg
fF3jfn ;'?jfn nfdf] hfFl3of rgf{ . rd lj) [;+)] != clGtd cGTosf] . @= ;aeGbf kl5Nnf]
ZrjtL{ . ~ cj:yf gf) cflvL cj:yf cGTosfn jf kl5Nnf] cj:yf . ~ sfn gf) clGtd cj:yf cGT
osfn jf d[To'sf] ;do . ~ laGb' gf) != ?lr, pQ]hgf cflbsf] ;jf]R { r laGb' . (hxfF
k'u]kl5 cufl8 a9\g] 7fpF xFb}g) . @= s'g} Ps f[\vnfsf] clGtd tj jf 36gf rd;Ldf kfs
. > rdf]Tsif{ gf) != clGtd ;Ldf;Dd k'us ] f] pTsif{ kd pTsif{ . @= ;flxTodf 36gfqmds
f] tLj|td l:ylt jf laGb' kfsfi7f . rfO gf) [ r\ (cfO)] rg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
g' s) lqm) rg]{ kflg' rg{ nufOg' . rfpg' k|) ] lqm) a:t'efpnfO{ 8'nfP 3fF; v'jfpg' .
r gf) [;+)] != r cr j:t' :yfj h
\ud . @= ljZj . rfr'?
\uL gf) [rf] (l))] b'O{
g]{ KjfFv tyf kv]6f x'g], d]?b08Lo kIfLhflt . rlt gf) [;+)] != hLjgsf] syf jf ljz]
if 36gf hLjgL . @= cfr0f rlq . ~ gfos gf) s'g} sfNklgs cfVofg jf P]ltxfl;s 36gfsf] d'
Vo kfq rlqgfos . rltfy{ lj) [;+)] != ceLi6 Wo]o k"f u]sf] ;kmn . @= nIo xfl;n u]sf]
s[tfy{ ;Gt'i6 t'i6 . $= sfof{lGjt ;DkGg . tf gf) rltfy{ x'g] sfo{ . rltfjnL gf) [
cg]s ljlzi6 JolQmxsf] hLjgLsf] ;
\u|x . rlq gf) [;+)] != hLjgL rlt . @= rfnrng afgLa]
Jojxf . ~ lrq0f gf) gf6s, pkGof;, syf cflbdf sfNklgs kfqsf] laDa l;h{gf ug]{ k|lqm
of tyf sfo{ ;flxlTos syfTds s[ltdf kfqsf] :jk k|s[ltnfO{ kflot ug]{ sfd . ~ bf]if gf
) gf6ssf kfqdf c1ft kdf xg] rfllqs sdhf]L gf6s cflbsf kfqaf6 c1ft kdf x'g] e"n rlqd
] bf]if . ~ gfos gf) x]) rltgfos . ~ k|wfg lj) 36gf jf syfj:t'sf] eGbf rlqsf] k|fwfG
o jf a9L dxj ePsf] (syf, pkGof; cflb) . jfg\ lj) fd|f] :jefj, k|sl[ t, rfnrng cflb
ePsf]

nf~5gf nufP s;}sf] k|lti7fdf wSsf k'ofpg] jf s;}nfO{ ckdflgt ug]{ sfd s;}sf] ;Ddfg
jf k|lti7fnfO{ v;fNg] sfd cgfjZos nf~5gf . xLg lj) vfa u'0f, zLn:jefj, cfr0f, cg'i7f
g cflb ePsf] b'irlqn] o'Qm . rlkGhf gf) [rfkfFr] Pp6f kf;fdf kGhf afFsL b'O{ kf;fdf
jfb'jf kbf{ x'g], kf;fv]nsf] Ps bfp . rlkfO{ rlkmfO{ gf) [5f]kmfO{] F 5f] f]u
gf) [rf]O{] != rfsf] aRrf . @= ;fgf] rf] . #= kf]yL rf] . $= rf] (afnaf]nLdf) . ~ cld
f] gf) uf]nfsf tLgv08], cldnf] :jfbsf] dl;gf kft x'g], kx]Fnf sn]hL k"mn k'mNg] dl
;gf sf];f x'g] Ps emf rf
\u]L . ~ v'] lj) rfsf] h:tf] dl;gf] Vofp6] xftv'f ePsf] (
hGt' O)) l;f lvofp6] . 3f6L gf) != rfsf] 3fF6L ]l6g nfu]h:tf] cj:yf ;
\s6sfnLg l:
uL . @= laTg nfu]sf] cj:yf . ~ rfOrfp gf) != ufO{a:t' rfpg] jf rg]{ 7fpF rg . @= a:t
p rfpg] sfd . r'Rr] lj) != rfsf] h:tf] r'Rrf] d'v x'g] (JolQm) . @= rfsf] em}F r'Rrf
] ePsf] r'Rr] . #= cIffDe ubf{ r j0f{sf] lglDt k|of]u ulg] (zAb) . ~ g
\uf | lj) !=
{
u \ lbuDa n
\u6 . @= ula . ~ g
\uL | gf) != s]6fs]6Lxsf] Ps v]nljz]if . lj) @= Ho
nL Vofp6L . ~ g
\u ]| lj) != b'Anf] kftnf] . gf) @= dl;gf] vfnsf] wfg . kmfn gf) != 5
kl6P dg{ nfu]sf] rLsf] em}F cj:yf jf rfn . @= 56k6L . ~ af3 gf) lafnf] hqf] x'g], Ps
hftsf], vdf a:g], 6f6]kf6] lrt'jf lgufn] lrt'jf . nldgL gf) ;udfyfsf] csf]{ gfpF o
]n
' d \ f]sf] g]kfnL kof{o gfd . r? gf) [;+)] != hf}, ltn, wfg, rfdn, l3p cflb d'
5] b]jsfo{df clUgdf r9fOg] j:t' cfx'lt xJo . @= 7f8f] la6 ePsf], wft'sf] Ps efF8f]l
jz]if ;fgf] 7f] . r?jf gf) [r\pjf] != ufO{a:t' rfpg] dflg; uf]7fnf] . lj) @= rg]{ u]
(a:t'efp) . r];! gf) != sfF;f] h:tf afa cg'kftdf ld;fP tof kflPsf] Ps k|sfsf] wf
f . @= c;n hftsf], ldlxg, kftnf] ;]tf] ;"tL sk8f . r];@ gf) ufFhfsf] nfsf] rf]k jf
vf]6f] tdfv'em}F w"d|kfg ulg] Ps nfu" kbfy{ . rf] gf) [;+) r6s] rfr'?
\uLju{sf], kv]6f
r'Rrf] x'g] s'g} bf]kfof k|f0fL . rs{g' c) lqm) [c) d") r\ s g'] != k'm6\g' lrlg' lr
fFhf kmf6\g' . @= k|r08 x'g' s8f x'g' . #= ;f]nf xfGg' 3fp rs]{ b'Vg' r:sg' . $= 7"n
f] :jn] af]Ng' s8\sg' . >

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rsf{rsL{rd{ /f]u rsf{O gf) rs{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rsf{Og' s) lqm) rs{g] kflg'
rs{g] kfg{ nufOg' . rsf{pg' ;) lqm) != s'g} ;d:of, dfdnf jf s'fnfO{ emg\ uDeL t'Nof
pg' . @= lrf kfg'{ . #= s'g} hf]l8Psf] j:t'nfO{ lrsf]{ kfg'{ . rsf{rsL{ gf) b'j}tk
m{af6 ePsf] ;fx|f] emu8f afemfafem pu| snx . rls{g' c) lqm) != rsf]{ x'g' rs{g' . @=
rsf]{ algg' . rs'{n]rs'{nf] lj) [rsf]{ pn]pnf]] != sfg vfg] rsf]{ jf tLvf] :j ePsf] r
afem]h:tf] uL af]Ng] . @= 5's5's] rsrs] rgdt] r~rn] . rsf] { lj) [;+) rds] ltSv s8f
]hL s7f] Hofbf . rvf{ gf) [;+) rqm] rqmem}F kf\u|f] h8L Ko"Laf6 wfuf] sfTg agfOPsf],
f7sf] 3]n' oGqljz]if . rr{ gf) [c\)] O;fO{ dtfjnDaLxsf] pkf;gf ug]{ ;fj{hlgs ejg jf
dlGb luhf{3 . rr{g' ;) lqm) [;+) r\ > rr{ g'] != rng ug'{ ef]u ug'{ . @= tx nufpg'
fddf Nofpg' . rr{fO gf) [ rr (cfO)] rr{fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rr{fOg'
rr{fpg] xf]Og' . rr{fpg' c) lqm) != rxofpg' eafpg' . @= rr u] cfjfh cfpg' . rr{l
)] != gf6s k|bz{g ubf{ Pp6f k|s0f vtd eO{, kbf{ lufO{ km]l csf]{ k|s0f ;'? ug]{ cj:y
fdf kbf{ p7fpFbf ufOg] Ps k|sfsf] uLt . @= gf6ssf b'O{ g6'jfn] cfnf]kfnf] uL ufpg]
uLt . rr{lg' c) lqm) [rr O g'] rr uL b'Vg' rr x'g' rxofOg' rs{g' . rr{L gf
g] Ps k|sfsf] uLtljz]if . @= ;\uLtsf] tfndf ahfOg] tfnL . #= ljfg\xff ulPsf] ;:j kf
= cfdf]bk|df]b xif{qmL8f . %= u0f, ;u0f, b'O{ hu0f, eu0f Pj+ u0f x'g] kkfFr cIfdf lj
>fd x'g] Ps 5Gb . rr{ ] gf) [rr{f] P] != RofK6f] k|sfsf] 8fF7 ePsf] ;;fgf ftf k"mn k'm
g] sfnf u]8f x'g] Ps h\unL nxf] . @= ufO{a:t'nfO{ x'g] Ps eo\s ;?jf f]u ufO{a:t'sf]
;fg . #= ;ff}F rf] rr{f] . rr{f] gf) ;ff}F rf] . rrf{ gf) [;+)] != ljrfljdz{ uDe
k|;\u syg k|s0f . #= cfj[lQ :jkf7 cWoog . ~ kL7 gf) s'g} ljifodf 5nkmn, ax; jf cg'
ug{ :yflkt ePsf] ;+:yf cfjZos ljdz{x ;Da4 JolQm;dIf k'ofpg v8f ePsf] Ps PsfO .
378

rrf{O gf) [ rr{ (cfO)] rr{g] lqmof, efj jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rrf{Og' s) lqm) rrf{pg nu
fOg' . rrf{pg' k|) ] lqm) rr{g] sfd ufpg' rr{g nfpg' . rlr{t lj) [;+)] != rrf{ ulPsf]
k|f;
\lus . @= ljrf ulPsf] dgg ulPsf] . rlr{g ' ;) lqm) [rr{Og'] != x]) rr{g' . s) lq
@= rlr{g] xf]Og' . rlt{snf gf) [r9\tLsnf] != rxnkxn rsrsL rxsdxs . @= jfkm e'mf] rl
k|bz{g . #= :qL hfltsf] b'Zrlqtf . > rlt{sn] lj) rlt{snf ug]{ . rgf{ gf)x]) r/gf .
rk{6! gf) [;+)] != cf}Fnfx lkmFlhPsf cj:yfsf] xTs]nf . @= yKk8 nk]6f rk]6f . rk{6@ gf
) [r6k6] r6k6 xtkt r6ff] . @= lqm) lj) hNbfhNbL em6k6 . > rk{6fO gf) rk{6fpg] efj, lq
mof jf k|lqmof . rk{6fOg' ;) lqm) x8a8fOg' r6k6fOg' . rk{6fpg' ;) lqm) x8a8 ug'{ x8a
8fpg' 56k6fpg' r6k6fpg' . rk{6L gf) r6k6L . rk{6L gf) [;+)] lrNnf] gxfnL ksfOPsf] f]6
L ;'Svf f]6L k'mNsf . rk{6 ] lj) [rk{6P] rk{6 ug]{ r6k6] :jefjsf] . rkL{ gf) [g]jf)
] lb;flk;fa ug]{ 7fpF jf sf]7f rkL{3 kfOvfgf zf}rfno 6Lvfgf (Nofl6g afy?d) . rd{
!= dflg; jf hgfjsf zLsf] aflxL c+z 5fnf rd8f rfd . @= 9fn . snf gf) sfFrf] 5fnfn
f]wg uL To;af6 h'Qf, ;]nf, sDdk]6L cflb ljleGg ;fdfgx agfpg] ;Lk . sf gf) 5fnfsf] sf
ug]{ dflg; rdf ;fsL{ df]rL . sLn gf) cnsfO{ ajf;L x;f{ cz{ . s"k gf) l3p, t]
5fnfsf] efF8f]ljz]if l;lhof . ~ rIf' gf) != ef}lts hut\sf ljifoj:t' b]Vg] OlGb|o af
lxL jf afXo cfFvf . @= ;txL b[li6 :y"n b[li6 . ~ t\u gf) pd] jf f]usf sf0fn] zL j
kg]{ rfpL . ~ b"lifsf gf) bfu plAhO{ a];L lrnfpg] Ps rd{f]u bfb . ~ klsf gf) kf;f v]
uf]6L flvg] rf s'gf k]sf] 5fnfsf] 6'qmf . ~ kq gf) clen]vsf kdf 5fnfdf n]lvPsf] j:t'
ljz]if . k'6 gf) kfgL fVgsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] 5fnfsf] efF8f] d;s . oli6 gf) 5fnfsf
f]f{ jf rfa's (xG6) . rd{ f]u gf) [;+)] utsf] vfaL jf cGo sf0fn] 5fnf lrnfpg], v;|f]
{ k'm6\g], ;fgf;fgf kmf]sf lg:sg] cflb f]u . > rd{f]uL gf) 5fnfsf] f]u nfu]sf] JolQm
. ljz]if1 gf) 5fnfsf f]uxdf ljz]iftf k|fKt u]sf] 8fS6 .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

379

rdf]k { rfrnfv lkmtf{ lj) rntfk"hf{ . rntL gf) [rn tL] x]) rNtL . lkmtL{ gf) rNtLl
. rnbn gf) [;+)] kft lkmlkm eOxg] Ps j[Ifljz]if kLknsf] v rnkq . rng gf) [;+)] !=
|yf . @= ult rfn . lj) #= ultzLn sDkfodfg sfDg] xNng] . sng gf) pRr:tLo ul0ftsf] Ps
sf . ~ rnfO gf) rngdf rn]sf] sfds'f] . ~ rNtL gf) rng jf Jojxfdf pkof]u x'b F } cfOx]
f] s'f rng . ~ rfhf] gf) sfds'fsf] Joj:yf 3fo;L sff]af sfdwGbf . ~ rfbLsf] lj)
OPsf] (rfFbLsf] ;'sf, df]x, ?lkofF O)) . ~ k'hL{ gf) s;}nfO{ s'g} s'f] ef]u ug{ jf
rng ug{ lbFbf ulg] sfuh kf cf1fkq clwsfkq . rn lgIf]k gf) [;+)] Aof
\ssf] rNtL vftfd
f]kstf{ jf vftfjfnn] hDdf u]sf] lgAof{hL sd efulgIf]k . rngL gf) [;+) rfngL] ;fgf] r
fNg' rfngL rNgL . rnan gf) [rnan] r~rntf rsrs r'na'n . > rnanfO gf) rnanfpg] sfd jf
;d . rnanfOg' c) lqm) rndnfOg' 56k6fOg' . rnanfpg' c) lqm) rndnfpg' 56k6fpg' . rnan]
lj) rnan ug]{ r~rn] . rndn gf) [rnan] xNng] jf rndnfpg] sfd xnrn rnan . > rndnfO gf)
rndnfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rndnfOg' c) lqm) 56k6fOg' rnanfOg' . rndnfpg' c) l
qm) rNg' 56k6fpg' rnanfpg' . rndn] lj) rndn ug]{ r~rn :jefjsf] . xn gf) rndn rnan .
dfn gf) [rndfn] x]) rn;DklQ . rn ljB't \ gf) [;+)] nuftf k|jflxt eOxg] ljB't\ . rn ;D
klQ gf) [;+)] 3afL, v]t, 38]L cflb afx]ssf c ;DklQ ;lhn}l;t n]gb]g ug{ ;lsg] ;DklQ (?
kofF, ;'g, rfFbL O)) . rnf gf) [;+)] != nIdL . @= lah'nL . rnfO gf) [ rn\rfn\ (cfO)]
!= rNg] jf rfNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [rnfpcfO] @= rnfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . #= rsrs 5's5's . [ > ] rnfOg' s) lqm) rNg] kflg' . rnfpgL gf) rfNg] jf rnfpg] s'
g} klg ;fwg . rnfpg' ;) lqm) != xNnfpg' . @= rng ug'{ . #= rngdf Nofpg' . $= lh:S
ofpg' . %= k|fDe ug'{ . ^= df]6 cflb xfFSg' . &= vkfpg' . *= ;~rfng jf Joj:yfkg ug
'{ . (= k|of]u ug'{ . rnfs lj) [kmf) rfnfs] rnfv . > rnfsL gf) rnfvL . rnfv lj) [ rn
fs] af7f] r
\v 6f7f] rt' . > rnfvL gf) rt'ofOF r
\VofOF .

rdf]k { rf gf) [;+)] rd{f]usf] pkrf . s gf) != rd{f]usf] pkrfdf k|of]u ulg] j:t'
L cflb) . @= 5fnfsf] ljz]if1 . ~ zf:q gf) rd{f]u;DaGwL zf:q . rofdr'?d lqm) lj) [c)
d") rofd\c (l))] s'g} j:t' ;fgf 6'qmf eP k'm6\g] uL . rof{ gf) [;+)] != 3'dlkm ;}
yf Lltljfh cg'i7fg . #= cfr0fljlw rfnrng . $= hLljsf . rNof{dr'nd {' lqm) lj) [c) d
rNof{d \ c (l))] != s'g} j:t' xftaf6 v:bf ;;fgf 6' q mf eP k' m 6\ g ] uL emofde'm?d
@= kfgLdf k"} rf]lkg] jf 8'Ag] uL . > rNof{dr'nD {' d lqm) lj) rNof{dr'nd {' . \ d
] != s'g} sfFrsf jf rNof{Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") rNof{d xNsf j:t' xftaf6 v:bf, 7f]lsFb
f ;fgf;fgf 6'qmf eP k'm6\g] uL . @= emofDd . rj{0f gf) [;+)] != rkfpg] jf vfg] sfd .
@= cfrdg . #= :jfb rfVg] sfd . rlj{t lj) [;+)] != rkfOPsf] vfOPsf] . @= rflvPsf]
. rj{0f gf) != ufO{a:t'xn] vfPsf] 3fF; km]l d'vdf lgsfn] rafpg] lqmof pu|fpg] sfo{ .
@= elg;lsPsf] s'f] bf]xf]ofP km]l eGg] sfo{ k'g?lQm lgy{s cfj[lQ . rJo{ lj) [;+)] r
jf rafpg'kg]{ rafpg of]Uo . r;f{ gf) [kmf) rh{] 5fnf . ~ 7]Ssf gf) 5fnf7]Ssf . ~ sd
f) != 5fnfsf] 7]sbfLdf a'emfpg'kg]{ sd . @= 5fnfsf] 7]Ssfkf . rn\g' c) lqm) [;+) rn\ g
] != rndnfpg' xNng' lxNg' sfFKg' . @= rsrs ug'{ . #= lxF8\g' hfg' . $= rngdf cfpg' .
%= lhl:sg' . ^= l6Sg' v6\g' . &= k|fDe x'g' . *= kf;f cflb v]n v]Nbf s'g} rfn cfDe
ug'{ . rn lj) [;+)] != rNg] sfDg] xlNng] :klGbt x'g] . @= cl:y r~rn . #= lxF88'n ug]
h\ud . $= rnfpg ;lsg] (j:t') . %= rNtL rNtLlkmtL{ . ^= rngrNtLdf cfPsf] . crn lj) r
Ng] grNg] h\ud :yfj cl:y l:y . v]n gf) lqmofzLntf rNg] v]Ng] sfd s'g} sfdd
. rnlrq gf) [;+)] lah'nLsf ;xfotfaf6 htk6df b]vfOg] rNg]lkmg]{ syfTds gf6\olrq l;g]
df 6flsh . ~ k|bz{s gf) rnlrq b]vfpg] oGq rnfpg] dflg; . ~ ;+:yfg gf) rnlrq;DaGwL s
fdsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] Ps lgsfo . ~ ;Dkfbs gf) rnlrq agfpgsf nflu lvlrPsf b[Zoflbsf
] sf65fF6 ug]{ tyf ldnfpg] sfd ug]{ ljz]if1 . rn hf]gL{ gf) zLsf] vf; hf]gL{ sLn]hf]
gL{ . rntf lj) [rn\ tf] rfn" rNtf . k"hf{ lj) != ;lqmo k'mlt{nf] hfFulnf] Jojxfs'
fswfs ePsf] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rnfrnrxs\g' rnfrn! gf) [rn\ cf rn\] cfk;df lhl:sg] jf s'6fs'6 ug]{ lqmof . rnfrn@ lj) [
+)] rn crn :yfj h\ud rfr . rnfg gf) [rn\ cfg] != rnfpg] jf lxsf{pg] sfd k|:yfkg
] sfd lgsf;L . rnfgL gf) [rn\ cfgL] != rnfg u]sf JolQm, j:t' cflbsf] gfdgfd];L n]lvPs
f] lg:;f jf k'hL{ ljj0fkq . lj) @= rnfg ulPsf] . ~ k'hL{ gf) rnfgL . ~ k':tsaxL gf) r
fgL k'hL{x btf{ ulg] jf flvg] kmfOn rnfgL btf{ ulg] lstfa . rnfodfg lj) [;+)] != rln
f] xlNnx]sf] . @= cl:y . #= ultzLn . rnfy{ gf) [;+)] rn ;DklQ rnfrn . ~ kq gf) gf]6
'b|f ;fvkq . rlnrnfp lj) [rn\ O rnfp] != lxF8g \ nfu]sf] k|:yfg ug{ tof ePsf] . @= lxFl
]sf] lxF8]sf] lxF8} . rlnt lj) [;+)] != rn]sf] lxF8]sf] . @= xlNnPsf] . #= lj;lh{t .
rn' gf) [g]jf)] kfgLanf]eGbf d'lGtsf] d';L c8fpg] t];f]{ sf7 . rn'jf lj) [rn\ pjf] gr
flxFbf] lsl;dn] rnL lxF8g \ ] rsrs] uu] ta{] r'na'n] . > rn'jL lj) rn'jfsf] :qLln\
Ntf lj) [rn\ tf] rNg] jf rlnx]sf] rfn" . k'hf{ lj) rntfk'hf{ . lkmtf{ lj) rntflkmt
rNtL gf) [rn\ tL] != cfpg]hfg] sfd cfjthfjt . @= n]gb]gsf] Jojxf ;'qmLlaqmL . #= rng
f . $= ;a}sf] hfgsfLsf lgldQ ulPsf] k|rf . %= OHht dfgdof{bf, k|lti7f . ^= rlt{snf k|
;l4 . lj) &= rNg] rNtf rfn" . ~ cf}ifwL gf) pkrfsf lglDt ax'kr | lnt tyf ;'ne 3]n' cf
]vtL . ~ vftf gf) Aof\ssf] lgodleq xL vftfjfnn] cfgf] ;'ljwfcg';f k};f lemSg kfpg] uL
hDdf u]sf] lgAof{hL sdsf] vftf vftfjfnfn] dfu]df hlxn] hlt klg lgsfNg ;lsg] uL rnlgIf
]ksf kdf sd hDdf ulPsf] vftf . ~ lkmtL{ gf) != rnlkm . @= rNtL . rNbf] lj) [rn\ bf]]
rlnx]sf] . @= rNg ;Sg] . ldNbf] lj) != Jojxf ;'xfpFbf] k\lQmdf ld;fpg x'g] xfdf ld
;lsg] n]gb]g ug{ x'g] . @= rfnrng yfxf kfOPsf] ldNg ;Sg] ldng;f . rNgL gf) [rn\ gL] !
rNg] 7fpF . @= sGr6 5ftLsf b'O{lt alNsg] 7fpF dd{:yn . #= rngL . rNnL gf) [rn\ nL] s
Gr6 . ~ k'k {' f] gf) cfFvLe'Od F fly
380

lgwfsf bfofFafofF x]sf] rNnL lgwf jf k'k'{f] . rNnf] gf) [lr\gf]] s'v'f cflbsf] aR
Fugf lr\gf rNnf . rjGg gf) [k|f) rpcGg < ;+) rt'Mk~rfzt\] != krf; rfsf] of]uaf6 aGg]
;\Vof %$sf] c\s . lj) @= krf; rfsf] of]u;\Vofsf] lqkGg kl5 cfpg] . > rjGgL gf)
cg' ; f eftLo ?lkofF s f] rf} y fO d"Noafasf] l;Ssf jf dfg rffgL rfcfgL, rpGgL . rj
j) u0fgfsf qmdn] rjGgdf k]sf] rjGg ;
\Vofsf] rpGgf}F . rjfln; gf) [k|f) rpcfnL;] != rf
nL; rf ;
\Vofsf of]un] ag]sf] ;
\Vof $$sf] c\s . lj) @= rfnL; rf . > rjfln;f} lj
mdn] rjfnL;sf] ;
\Vofsf] . rjfnL; gf) x]) rjfln; . > rjfnL;f} lj) x]) rjfln;fF} . ri
fs gf) [;+)] ;'fkfq S;L lkpg] efF8f] Kofnf . r;s gf) [c) d") r;s\c] dfgl;s jf zfLl
. > r;Ss lqm) lj) != f]uljz]if jf cGo sf0fn] zLsf] s'g} klg c
\u r;r; 3f]Rg] jf ;f]nf
fGg] b'Vg] uL . @= s'g} klg tLvf] j:t' b'Vg] uL laem] . #= gfd|f] s'fn] k|efj kbf{ d
df PSsfl; nfUg] uL . r;fO gf) [ rf;\ (cfO)] rf:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] r;fOg' s)
lqm) rf:g] sfd ulg' . r;fpg' k|) ] lqm) rf:g nufpg' rfl;g] kfg'{ . r:sg' c) lqm) [r;S
s g'] r;Ss x'g' jf b'Vg' laemfpg' rl:sg' . > r:sfO gf) r:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
r:sfpg' ;) lqm) r:sg nfpg' . rl:sg' c) lqm) != b'vfOdf klg' . @= r:sg' . r:sf] gf) r
:sg] rfn r:sf b'vfO r;s . r:SofO gf) rl:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . r:Sofx6 gf) r:Sof
O . r:dlbb lj) [kmf) rZdbLb] s'g} 36gf cfg} cfFvfn] b]Vg] b]vL hfGg] k|ToIfbzL{ (;fI
fL, ujfxL) . r:df gf) [kmf) rZdf] cfFvf;DaGwL f]u jf sdhf]Laf6 arL To;nfO{ ;'lIft t'
Nofpg gfs sfgsf] cjnDadf b'j} cfFvfdf nufOg] l;;fsf] Ps pks0f pkg]q . r:ofsr';s '
lqm) lj) [c) d") r;s\ c (l))] != nuftf 3f]Rg] jf elglaemfpg] uL . gf) @= lha|fdf r:;
nfUg] crf, l;tg cflb rf:;r':; . #= 5f:;5':; . $= r'a ' rfa' . r:; lqm) lj) [r;\ ;] !=
sfPs tLvf] kdf dl;g' sfF8f lag] uL . @= clk|o s'f ;'Ggfn] dg b'Vg] uL . rxs\g' c) lq
[rxs g'] != rDsg' hudufpg' . @= leq}bl] v k|;Gg eP jflkmnf] Jojxf ug'{ . #= lrlafpg'

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381

rxsrfk rfr! gf) r'Rrf] sfnf] ePsf], lzdf sNsL x'g] k'm;|f] sfnf] j0f{sf], eFu]f]hq
ClifkIfL r'Rr] rf] . rfr@ gf) gbL jf vf]nf lkmFlhP au]sf], tg{ ;lsg] 7fpF hF3f . r
[rr{L] klZrd g]kfnsf] rf}yf] kfFrf}F ljsf;If]qleq k|rlnt tyf kmfu'df ufOg] k|l;4
nf]suLt rfFrn . rfrL! gf) [;+) rr{L] rfFr (rf]) . rfrL@ gf) f]kfOF ubf{ ufOg] vf
! gf) rfFr rfFrL (uLt) . rfrn@ gf) [;+) r~rn] kfFlhPsf] atf;n] xlNng] kfgLsf] ;f]tf
f t
\u rfFr . rfrL gf) no ldnfP xflng] syf . F c:jLsf gulPsf] l:ylt rfr ' gf) [
rfOFr'OF cfgfsfgL gfOFgfl:t . rfhf] gf) [rGhf] rGhf Joj:yf aGbf]a:t . kfhf] gf) r
aaGbf]a:t . rf8f] lqm) lj) [;+) r08] != l56f] t'?Gt em6k6 zL3| em r6fs em6fem tT
= l56f] rNg] em} ug]{ . rfb gf) [;+) rGb|] != rGb|df zzL ;f]d . @= aGb's xfGg jf wg's
F8 rnfpg cEof; ug]{n] agfPsf] lg;fgf jf lrXg tff] . #= cl3 ;sfL ;]jfdf x]sfxn] 6f]kL
f laF8fdf nufpg] rGb|fsfsf] kblrXg Aofh . tf]8f gf) cl3 ;sfL sd{rfLxnfO{ kbcg';f
Og] ;'g jf rfFbLsf] rfFb laF8f jf tf]8f ;lxtsf] kuL rfFb . rfbgL gf) [;+) rlGb|sf] !
= rGb|Hof]lt h"g rGb|ls0f . @= rFbj ' f. rfbd?jf gf) kxf8L e]usf] cf}lnof l;d;f 7f
pd|g], klxn] ftf] kl5 ;]tf]
sf] x'g] ;;fgf k"mn k'mNg], v';f{gLsf h:tf kft af]6 x'g
] tLtf] :jfbsf], ;fgf] ;vv08sf] h:tf] sGb x'g] Ps a'6L ;k{uGwf . rfbdfL gf) [rfFbdf\
tff]xgfO tff] xfGg] sfd jf cEof; rfgdfL . rfbL gf) [;+) rGb|] ;'gem}F nRofsn'rs ' x'
lk6] r]K6fpg jf 5fF6 kfg{ ;lsg] d"Nojfg\ rxlsnf] ;]tf] wft' d'b|f h'xfftdf k|of]u ul
] k|l;4 wft' ht f}Ko . rfb ] lj) [rfFbP] != lgwfdf ;]tf] l6sf] jf rfFbf] x'g] (afv|
e}F;L) . gf) @= 7"nf] kftf] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] sf]bfnf] . ~ df5f] gf) 6fpsfdf ;]tf]
sTnf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] df5f] . rfbf] gf) [rfFbcf]] != lgwf tfn' . @= afv|f jf e}F;Lsf l
wfdf x'g] ;]tf] wsf]{ jf l6sf] . #= tslb efUo . rfk! gf) [;+) rDks] != 5d5d aHg] ;fgf
;fgf 3'3 F ' f x'g,]

rxrxfpg' . rxs gf) [rfsrSo] != k|sfz pHofnf] 6ns . @= t]h sflGt . bf lj) != 6nsbf
sf] rlDsnf] . @= pHh pHofnf] (sk8f cflbsf]
jf a'f) . dxs gf) != rdsbds ;f}Gbo{
= cfgGbdo jftfj0f . rxsfO gf) [ rxs (cfO)] rxlsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rxsf
Og' s) lqm) rxlsg nfOg' . rxsfpg' c) lqm) != rxlsnf] x'g' . k|) ] lqm) @= rxlsg] k
fg'{ jf kfg{ nufpg' . rxlsg' c) lqm) rxsg' hudlug' . rxlsnf] lj) rxs ePsf] rxsbf . rx
SofO gf) rxlsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof rxSofx6 . rxSofOg' s) lqm) rxlsg] t'NofOg' .
rxSofpg' k|) ] lqm) rxlsg] kfg'{ rxlsnf] t'Nofpg' . rxSofx6 gf) rxSofO . rxrx gf)lj)
af]) [c) d") rx (l))] rrx} rrx . rxlbf] lj) [rxOFbf]] rxofpg] kf]Ng] rr ug]{ r
[ rxofp (cfO)] rxofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rxofOg' c) lqm) rxofpg] x'g'
. rxofpg' c) lqm) [rxlFbf] ofp g'] != 3fpvl6f cflb sf]lP jf s8f cf}ifwL kgf{n] rs]{
' eafpg' kf]Ng' . @= rr{fpg' . > rxofx6 gf) rxofO . rxnkxn gf) ;'vLsf] sfdsfh dgf]
r6k6L d0fLotf . rxnf lj) lgy|'Ss eP leh]sf] lgy|'Ss . rxnf] gf) [rn\ nf]] != rfFrn k
fFr . @= kfgLdlg efl;g] lxnf] ePsf] kmfs bx . rxf\g' c) lqm) [;+) r\ g'] 3'dlkm ug'{
'Nb} lxF8\g' rfxfg'{ . rxf lj) [kmf)] != rf ;\Vofsf] (pbf) rxf lbjf) . @= ;aeGbf sd
sf] r'Tyf] lsl;dsf] . gf) #= hUufsf cAan, bf]od, l;d rxf rf >]0fLdWo] ;a}eGbf tNnf]
txsf] hUuf . rxffO gf) [rxf\ cfO] rxfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rf gf) [rL) 5f] x])
lrof . rfug ' ffo0f gf) [;+) rDksgffo0f] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] bf]nflul kj{tdf cjl:yt,
g]kfnsf lnR5lj fhf dfgb]jff lj) ;+) %@!df cfgL cfdf fHojtLsf] ;Demgfdf lgld{t, snfk"0
{ k|l;4 dlGb jf wfld{s kL7 ;f]xL dlGbleq :yflkt tyf sflt{s z'Sn PsfbzLdf d]nf nfUg]
rf gffo0fdWo] Ps . rfu ] gf) [;+) r~r] tLvf 6'Kkf ePsf nfDrf xlof kft x'g], sn]hL k
]Fnf
sf e'mKkfe'mKkf k"mn k'mNg] k"mnsf km]bdf sfnf u]8f nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 jf To
;}sf] k"mn .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rfkrfkf]rf6\g' uf]8fdf nufOg] uxgf . @= n'uf l;pg] sndf l;of]dflysf] sk8f lyRg] Ps cj
oj . rfk@rfkf] gf) [;+) rDks] nfDrf kft x'g,] kx]n F f jf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], e'mKkfe'm
Kkf eO{ kmn nfUg], sf7af6 d]rs';L{ cflb agfOg] Ps v rDkf . rfjn gf)x]) rfdn . rfjf]
[;+) rJo] kfgh:tf] kft x'g,] kx]n F f k"mn k'mNg] lkKnfsf cfsfsf] kmn nfUg] Ps n
xf] rfef] lkKnfsf] Ps e]b . F != cfgfsfgL gfOFgfl:t rfOr'O gf) [c) d") (l)) r'O] r
lqm) lj) @= ;]n cflb ksfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL . rfOg]rfOg]hf] lj) af]) af]Nbf jfSo jf
zAbsf aLraLrdf cgfjZos kn] bf]xlOxg] Ps y]uf] xgL . rfprfp gf) [lr)] dl;gf nfdfnfdf
Gb|f x'g], ux'Fsf] kL7f]af6 agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] vfB j:t' . rfpyf] gf) [;+) rt'y] {
lthf]eGbf Ps lbg a9L lafP cfpg] Hjf] rflbg] Hjf] . rfplg' c) lqm) [rfpL g'] !=
g'{ nf]nf kg'{ . @= v'lDrg' ;fF3'lg' . #= r'd'Ss kg'{ ljjz x'g' czQm x'g' . rfpL gf)
fd|f] O{] pd] jf f]usf sf0fn] zLsf 5fnfdf k]sf d'hf jf v'Drf . rfp] lj) [rfpL P] !
. @= b'Anf] l;s'6] l;f] . gf) #= rfpL k]sf] dflg;nfO{ lxofP af]nfpFbf elgg] zAb . ~ a
f) != b'Anf] afFb . lj) @= gfd|f] :jefj ePsf] (dflg;) . rfpnf] gf) [rfsnpnf]] 6f]kLs
f] 3]fdflysf] efu jf rSsf . rfs gf) [;+) rqm] != sDdeGbf d'lg b'O{ lgtDasf hf]gL{sf
aLrdf x]sf] c
\u sG8f] k'f lgtDa . @= s'g} efF8f] cflbsf] e'OFdf cl8g] ;dtn c+z kLFw
#= bnfgdf a:gsf lglDt agfOPsf] 6fF8 UjfnLsf] tnf . rs'jL gf) != sdfL . lj) @= cnkq
k]sL (:qL) . rfs8L gf)x]) rfs/L . rfsgr'sg gf) ;fgf]ltgf] dfn v'b|fv'b|L k'm6s vr{ .
fs gf) [kmf)] != sdff] slof bf; u'nfd . @= ;]js gf]s 6xn'jf e[To . rfsL gf) [r
d ;]jf 6xn ;';f tfa]bfL klrof{ . @= s;}nfO{ v';L kfg{ ulg] sfo{ . bfafh lj) w
nfu]sf] . rfsn gf) [;+) rqmL] rf} 5]p jf ;' ldn]sf], ;Dd k]sf] hUuf 5fF6 ldn]sf] 7fp
F rsnf . df8L gf) sfdsfh s]xL guL ukm dfq xfFlsxg] jf s'f dfq ulxg] sfd .
382

rfsf gf) [;+) rqm] != df}Ln] dx sf9\g] u'F8 dx x]sf] kmUn]F6f] . @= 6f]kLsf] 3]f] .
'nL gf) != kmNofssf] aLrdf ;Gt'ng fvL To;sf b'O{ 5]pdf a;L dflytn uL v]lng], afnsxsf]
Ps v]n . @= l9sLRofpF . rfsL gf) [k|f) rSs] ;fukft, 3fF; cflbsf] ;;fgf] d'7f] sNn
L . rfs' gf) [g]jf)] dl;gf hftsf] pv'sf] ; jf ;v ksfP fd|L 5fgL rfsfrfsf kfL hdfOPs
'lnof] vfB kbfy{ . rfs] lj) [rfs P] != a8]dfsf] rfs x'g] lgtDaL 9f8] . gf) @= efL af]S
bf elofn] ;lhnfsf lglDt lk7"Fdlg fVg] 3fF; jf kfnsf] d'7f] . rfsf] gf) [;+) rqm] != r
kL rf]OnL rf]Onf] 9]nf . @= dfx'Lsf] dx kfg]{ 3f 5Qf . rfSnf] lj) [;+) rqmn] kmfls
f] rf}s'g] rfs'g] rfk6 . ~ afSnf] lj) kmflsnf] vfFlbPsf] df]6f] 6Dd ldn]sf] . rf
) [;+)] != cfFvf;DaGwL cfFvfsf] . @= b[li6ff pTkGg ePsf] b[li6df lge{ x]sf] . #= cfFv
n] b]lvg] jf u|x0f ug]{ . $= b]vL hfGg] (;f5L) . gf) %= Gofozf:qcg';f k|ToIf k|df
0fsf] Ps e]b . ^= k'f0fcg';f 5}6f}F dg' . ~ 1fg gf) s'g} j:t', 36gf, b[Zo cflbnfO{
cfFvfn] x]] jf b]v] xfl;n ulPsf] 1fg cfFvfsf ;xfotfn] k|fKt 1fg . ~ k|ToIf lj) v'b cf
cfFvfn] b]v]sf] cfkm}Fn] k|ToIf b]v]sf] . rfS;L gf) [g]jf) rfs'l;] kftnf] kx]Fnf]
af]qmf x'g], u'lnof]u'lnof] :jfb ePsf], cldnf] kmnsf] Ps hft . rfv\g' ;) lqm) [rfv g
'] vfg]s'fsf] :jfb lng' dL7f] gdL7f], g'gd;nf cflb 7Ls 55}g egL hfFRg vfOx]g'{ cg'ej
g'{ cf:jfbg ug'{ . rfv gf) [k|f) rSv < ;+) rIf0f] s'g} ljifok|lt x'g] dflg;sf] g};
lu{s jf clh{t dfgl;s cfsif{0f jf ?lr cle?lr cf:jfbg cg'fu rfx x . > rflvnf] lj) rf
?lrs rlvnf] . rfvf gf) [;+) rifs] lstfk cflb Kjfn kfg]{ sLf] dfp . rfv'f] gf) x]) Ro
] . rf gf) y'k|f] vft f; t\L . rfrf gf) [;+) tft] uxgf jf v]nf}gf (afnaf]nLdf) . r
) [;+)] != r~rn x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt r~rntf cl:ytf b|'t ult . @= gZjtf . rf6\g' ;) l
[k|f) rO{ < ;+) rf6g g'] != lha|fdf ;f]em} :kz{ uL s'g} rLhsf] :jfb lng' jf vfg' .
@= csf] wgdfndf nf]e uL clncln lng' . #= csf] wgdfn krfpg' .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

383

rf6rfkNo sfstfnL . @= cj; df}sf . rfgf gf) [;+) rsg] d"nf, gf:kftL, nf}sf cflbsf] kf
tnf] uL sfl6Psf] 6'qmf jf tL 6'qmfnfO{ 3fddf a];L ;'sfO{ agfOPsf], tsfL crf agfP vfOg
;'Svf j:t' rfg' rfgf] . rfg' gf) [;+) rsg] x]) rfgf . dfg' gf) != ;'g;fg rsdGg . @=
r'krfk . #= lrXg cjz]if . lqm) lj) $= cjz]if;d]t Psbd klg . rfg]rg ' ] lj) [rfgr'
g P] x]) rfgr'g . rfGb| lj) [;+)] rGb|df;Fu ;DalGwt rGb|df;DaGwL . df; gf) rGb|dfsf]
ltlycg';f ulgg] dlxgf rGb|dfsf snfsf cfwfdf k|fDe ulg] dlxgf z'Sn jf s[i0fkIfsf] k|lt
bfb]lv k|fDe x'g] dlxgf . rfGb|fo0f gf) [;+)] rGb|dfsf] j[l4 jf Ifoff ljlgoldt Ps wf
ld{s j|t jf k|folZrQ ug]{ s[To . (o;df rGb|dfsf] j[l4df vfgfsf] ufF;sf] kldf0f a9
fpFb} n}hfg] Ifodf rflx ufF; 36fpFb} n}hfg] ulG5) . rfG;n gf) [c\)] != ljZjljBfno jf
Ps]8dLsf ;jf]R {r clwsfL s'nklt . @= s'g } s'g} b]zsf fi6fWoIf . #= la|l6; ;sfdf pR
bflwsfL . $= rr{sf] pRr clwsfL . %= s'g}s'g} fHodf k|wfg ljrfklt . rfk\g' ;) lqm) [;
rk\ g'] != f]uflbn] u|:t kfg'{ . @= csf{sf] hUuf cfgf]df 3';fpg' 7fpF lng' . #= afwf
ug'{ . $= vK6g' . %= 9nfpg' lyrf]ldrf] ug'{ . rfk! gf) [;+)] ]vful0ftdf j[Qsf kllwsf
] Ps c+z jf efu . rfk@ gf) [ Rofkf]] != lyrfO lyrfj6 bjfa k]nfO lsrfO . @= t]n, pv' c
lb k]Ng] oGq ;fn . #= ckfwLnfO{ sfon kfg{ k|foM cf}n F f RofKg] sf7sf] ;fwg . ~ lr
Xg gf) v'fsf k}tfnfsf] lrXg . rfkr'k gf) [rfkr'k] != gaf]nLsg a;]sf] cj:yf r'krfk u'k
'k . lqm) lj) @= vfgf vfFbf l;lgQ x'g] uL . #= dflg; kqmFbf jf ;dfpFbf af]Ng} gkf
pg] uL ckem{6 jf cs:dft\ km]nf kfg]{ jf ;dfOg] uL . rfk6 lj) [;+) rt'ik6] kmfs lj:t[t
m}lnPsf] ulhnf] rfSnf] ;dtn . rfkk]6L gf) [rfkk]6L] 36L jf a9L xfjfsf lyrfOaf6 aGg] :
yfg jf >]0fL . rfkn'; lj) [kmf) rfkn";] lrKnf] 3;] s'f ug]{ v';fdbL rf6'sf ldYof k|z
. > rfkn';L gf) nf]nf]kf]tf] rf];f]df];f] v';fdbLkg rf6'sfltf a];f]kg r]Ko|fOF r]
nf]3;fO . rfkNo gf) [;+)] r'na'n]kg rkntf r~rntf .

rf6! lj) [;+)] != ljZjf;3ftL . @= 7u abdf; . rf6@ gf) [rf6\c] != rf6\g] sfd jf l:ylt
r6fO . @= clenfiff OR5f . #= ?lr . $= ;df];f cflbdf bxL tyf dd;nf xfnL agfOPsf] Ps
k|sfsf] vfB j:t' . rf6r'6 lqm) lj) [(l)) rf6\] efF8fdf clnslt klg afFsL gxg] lsl;dn
] rf6] kf5Lk'5L uL vfg] jf ;Sg] uL . > rf6Lr'6L lqm) lj) vfFbf efF8f;d]t rf6r'6 jf kf
5k'5 x'g] uL . rf6' gf) [;+)] != dw' tyf lk|o jrg dL7f] s'f . @= rfkn';L ldYof k|z+;f
'm:NofOF v';fdb lrKnf]3;fO . sf lj) dL7f] af]nL af]Ng] v';fdbL lrKn] . sfL gf)
af]Ng] sfd v';fdb . k6' lj) ldYof k|z+;f ug{ l;kfn' lrKn] . > rf6"lQm gf) != dL7f]
k|o jrg . @= e'm6f] k|z+;f v';fdbsf] af]nL k'm:Nofx6 . rf8 gf) [;+) rfs] != k"hfcfhf
, ef]het], v]ntdf;f cflbaf6 ulg] dgf]~hg vf;vf; k|sfsf wfld{s sfo{ jf kjf]T { ;j k
pT;j dgfOg] jf ef]h vfOg] ;do jf lbg . kj{af8 gf) != dfOnf] dgfOg] k"hf cflb ulg]
jz]if kj{ . @= dL7f]dL7f] vfOg] dfOnf] ulg] kj{ jf lbg . rf0fSo gf) [;+)] != df}o{ ;
d|f6\ rGb|uK ' tsf ldq dGqL x]sf cy{zf:qsf n]vs tyf gfu fhgLltsf k|0f]tf lji0f'u'Kt
f}l6No . lj) @= s"6gLlt1 . ~ gLlt gf) != rf0fSoff lrPsf] fhgLlt tyf cy{gLlt ljifosf]
u|Gy . @= s"6gLlt . rf08fn gf) [;+)] x]) r08fn . rfts gf) [;+)] ls+jbGtLcg';f cfsfz
af6 a;]{sf] kfgL dfq vfP afFRg] Ps kIfL sfsfs'n . rft'L gf) [;+)] rt'f] x'gfsf] efj j
f cj:yf s'zntf bIftf of]Uotf . rft'ly{s lj) [;+)] k|To]s rfrf lbgdf x'g] jf cfpg] .
'df{l;s lj) [;+)] != k|To]s rfrf dlxgf (sflQs, kmfNu'g cfiff9)df ulg] (cg'i7fg, o1 O
) . @= rf dlxgf;Dd rNg] rf dlxgf nfUg] rfdlxg] . rft'o { gf) [;+)] != rt'tf rnfsL
f]l;ofL a'l4dQf . @= nfj0o d0fLotf ;f}Gbo{ . rft'j0 { o{ gf) [;+)] a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}
o z"b| rt'j{0f{ . rfb gf) [kmf)] cf]9\g] j:q r2 k5f}f asf]{ . rfgr'g lj) [(l))
dflyNnf] PsfOdf gk'uL yf]} kldf0fdf dfq x]sf] v'b|f kmf6k'm6 kmf6k'm6] . @= clnslt
ck'u . > rfgr'g] lj) != rfgr'gdf ulgg] ;fgf]ltgf] . @= lgDg >]0fLsf] gu0o ;fdfGo . r
fg; gf) [c\) rfG;] != cs:dft\ 36]sf 36gf ;Ghf]u

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rfkfrfkrf kft] rfkfrfk gf) [rfk\ cf rfk\] != a]km ' ;{bL Jo:ttf . @= sl8s8fp (f]usf])
f]h'n'd l;ls:tL . rfa\g' ;) lqm) [;+) ra{ g'] bfFtn] la:tf} rkfpg' d'vdf lng' jf RofK
fg' (kfg, ;'kfL cflb) . rfaL gf) [;+) rfk] tfNrf vf]Ng] ;fwg s'~hL x]) ;fFrf] . rfaf
]rfef] gf) [;+) rJo] Ps hftsf] h\unL kfg jf To;}sf] nxf . rfd gf) [;+) rd{] 5fnf rd{
df . ~ sf]bfnL gf) k'fgf] wfg, sf]bf] cflb kl;gfn] rf]OnL k]kl5 vg] pKsfpg] Ps k|sfsf
] sf]bfnf] . ~ d'7L gf) d'7L afFWb}, k'msfpFb} u] v]lng] ;;fgf gfgLxsf] v]n . rfd gf)
[;+)] x]) rd . u|fxL lj) rd 8f]nfpg] (JolQm) . wwfL gf) fhfsf] bfofFafofF a;]
]js rFjbf . rfdn gf) [;+) t08'n] wfgleqsf] ;fo'Qm ;]tf] jf v}f] cGg rfFjn . rfdln\u
[ef]) a) )ln))] k"jL{ g]kfndf rfdln y x'g] lsfFtLxn] af]Ng] Ps eflifsf . rfd'08f gf)
[;+)] b'uf{sf] f}b| k . rfd] lj) [rfd P] != o'4df 9fn leg]{ (JolQm) . gf) @= kmf]xf]/
l6Kg] / ;f]xf]g]{ JolQm kf]8] d]xt/ Rofd] . #= dgf lhNnfsf] ;b/d'sfd . rfDd'7L gf) x
]) rfdd'7L . rfld|g' c) lqm) [rfd|f ] O g'] != rfd|f] x'g' gr'Fl8g] x'g' . @= hfFu dg'
pT;fx ;]nfpg' k'mtL{ xfpg' cf]Onfpg' . rfd| ] gf) [rfd|f] P] kfgLdf 98\ofOPsf] rfdnnfO
{ l3pdf e'6L afkmn] dfq ksfOPsf] Ps vfB j:t' . ~ Rofp gf) Ps k|sfsf] h\unL Rofp . r
fd|f] lj) [;+) rd{ f]] != efFRg, r'8 F g \ rkfpg sl7g kg]{ nlrnf] bx|f] lsl;dsf] . @
sfFltnf] ;fjfg\ bla{nf] . #= sGh'; . $= lrD6fOnf] . rfDo|fO gf) [rfld| ofO] rfd|f] x
sf] efj jf cj:yf . rfof gf) ftf 8fF7 x'g], ftf k"mn k'mNg], kftsf aLrdf ft} wsf]{ x'g
] ;;fgf sfnf u]8f kmNg] Ps af]6 . rfof gf) != skfndf x'g] dl;gf a'a'] kfk|f jf ;]tf
] xn'sf w'nf] . @= sn]hfsf] vfaLsf sf0fn] cfFvfjlkl jf ufnfdf a:g] sfnf] bfu kf]tf] .
\ != u0fgfqmddf tLgkl5sf] ;
\Vof rf gf) [;+) rt'] $sf] c\s . lj) @= tLgkl5sf ;\Vofs
~ cf7 ] lj) cfF7}cfF7f ePsf] cfF7f kfL afl6Psf] (skfn cflb) . ~ s8] lj) rf s8f ePsf]
fFuf cflb) . ~ snd gf) k"jL{ g]kfnsf] lnDa" ;dfhdf s]6L dfu] s'f] l5g]sf] ljjfx ug]
{ lgwf] nfu]sf] lbg s]6fsf tkm{af6 s]6Lsf cfdf
384

afa'nfO{ lbOg] k};f, hfF8S;L cflbsf] sf];]nL . ~ sfg] lj) rf sfg ePsf] 3fF6Ldf sfgem}
F b'O{j6f n's{g ePsf] (v;L, afv|f cflb) . ~ lsNnf gf) l;dfgf (v]tafLsf]) ] lj) != rf
s'gf k]sf] ;fFw ;Ldf kllw rf}x2L . ~ s'g rfkf6] cfsfsf] rfvfg] . gf) @= rf s'gf
fF;L tof kflPsf] kftsf] Ps kfq . vfgf gf) rfkf6] cfsfsf] a'f ePsf] sk8f rfvfg] sk
g] lj) rfs'g] cfsfsf] rfvfgf ePsf] . vfn gf) != rf}lt ejg eO{ aLrdf rf]s jf rf}
F . @= klxn] k|d'v lhNnf clwsfLsf] sfof{no, e"ld;'wf sfof{no tyf ljz]iftM lhNnf cb
fnt cflb x]sf], sf7df8f}Fsf] l8NnLahfl:yt rf}lt ejg eO{ aLrdf rf]s x]sf] Ps k|l;4 :yf
g . vfn] lj) != rfvfn ePsf] rfvfnl;t ;DaGw ePsf] . @= rfvfndf uP a:g] jf ?FUg] . #=
}8f, tf; cflbsf] h'jfdf bfp lnP a:g] . ~ v' ] lj) != rf v'f ePsf] . gf) @= kz' rf}kfo
hgfj hGt' . ~ u0f]z gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfleqsf rf lbzfdf x]sf k|l;4 rf u0f]z (rGb|ljgf
s, czf]sljgfos, hnljgfos, ;"ol { jgfos) . rf0f gf) [;+)] != ef6 3'dlkm ub}{ lxF8g \
] g6, gt{s jf uj}of . @= uGwj{ . #= tLy{ofqL . $= u'Ktr . %= j]b jf k'f0f k9\g] df
lg; . ~ uLt gf) rf0fxff ufOg] fhf dxffhfxsf] sLlt{ufyf e|d0fzLn JolQmxff ufOg
gf) [rf bfd 7]sL] klxn]sf] rngcg';f gofF hUuf sdfpFbf jf sdfOx]s} hUuf km]l sdfpg ydf}t
ug'{kbf{ df]xLn] hUufwgLnfO{ a'emfpg] b:t' . rf bf]af6f] gf) [rf bf]af6f]] rf af6f ld
]sf] 7fpF rf}af6f] rt'iky rf}d'xfgL . rf wfd gf) [rf wfd] rf k|l;4 wfld{s If]q jf tL
;d"x (eftsf abLgfy, huGgfy, fd]Zj fsf g]kfnsf a/fxIf]q, hgsk'/, d'lQmgfy / bfdf]b
. rf gffo0f gf) [rf gffo0f] sf7df8f}F pkTosfleqsf k|l;4 rf gffo0f (rfFug ' ffo0f, l
ffo0f, z]ifgffo0f Or\u'gffo0f) . rf kbfy{ gf) [;+)] rf k'?iffy{ (wd{, cy{, sfd d
rfkfO{ gf) kf6, aflaof] cflbsf 8f]Ln] a'g] agfOPsf], Ps k|sfsf] vf6 v6\jf . rf kfv]
[rfkfvf P] rf kfvf 5fgf ePsf] (k'fgf] 9fFrfsf] 3) . rf kf6] lj) [rfkf6f P] != rf k
rf}sg ' ]. gf) @= juf{sfsf] ;fgf] rs6L s'g} klg To:tf] la5fpg] rLh . rf kft] gf) [rfk
t P] j}1flgs s[lifsfo{ 3]n'

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

385

rf kf]nrfnf s'g} ;t{df s'g} 7"nf] ;jfL lsfofdf lng]lbg] sfd . p8fg gf) ef8f jf 7]Ssf
f k"f xjfO{hxfh lnO{ dfn;fdfg cf];fk;f ug]{ oftfoftsf] lglDt ulg] p8fO . > rf6{8{ Ps
fpG6]G6 gf) n]vfkLIf0fsf] ljlzi6 txsf] tflnd k|fKt uL k|df0f;d]t lnPsf] JolQm . rfj
f{s gf) [;+)] != a[x:kltsf] lzio dflgg] cgLZjjfbL tyf gfl:ts Ps k|l;4 bfz{lgs cfrf
o{ . @= dxfeftdf jl0f{t Ps fIf;sf] gfd . ~ bz{g gf) O{Zj, cfTdf, k'gh{Gd, knf]s, wd{z
f:q cflbnfO{ gdfgL ef}lts ;'vnfO{ dfq dfGg] rfjf{ssf] gfl:ts dt . ~ dt gf) rfjf{s
n] rnfPsf] dt jf ;Dk|bfo . rfn\g' ;) lqm) [;+) rfn\] != rfNgLn] ;fgf]7"nf] 5'fpg' 5fG
' . @= otfptf rnfpg' (uf]6L cflb) . #= otfptf ug'{ w'OFw'OFtL rxfg'{ . rfn! gf) [;+
)] != 3sf] 5fgf] . @= gLns07 rf] . #= 3f]8fsf] lxF8fO . $= ;]pjf . %= lxF88'n ug]{
hLj . rfn@ gf) [ rn\] != rNg] jf lxF8\g] sfd rnfO lxF8fO ult . @= Llt rng k|yf . #
; 1fg yfxf . $= r]i6f 5fF6 9fFrf xfnt, rfnf . %= k"j{
\u tfn . ^= rlq . &= kf;f cfl
] uf]6L rfNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . rfn# gf) afLsf] kf6f] . rfns gf) [;+)] != df]6 cflb
xfFSg] jf rnfpg] JolQm 8fOe 8fOe xFs'jf uf8Ljfg ;fly . @= ljB't\ cflb ;~rfng x'g]
(;'rfns, s'rfns O)) . ~ zlQm gf) kmnfd cflb wft'df xg], wft'sf c0f'c0f' ttfpg] zlQm
. rfn rng gf) [rfn rng] != cfgLafgL zLn:jefj rfnfdfnf cfrf Jojxf zLn rlq . @= L
fnr'n gf) [rfn (l))] != r]i6f nIf0f . @= xfnva cQf]kQf] . #= gaf]nL grnL a:g] sfd jf
cj:yf . rfn9fn gf) [rfn 9fn] sfdufOsf] 9fFrf rfnfdfnf 9\u 9fFrf . rfng gf) [;+)] !=
pg] sfd 8f]nfpg] sfd 5fGg] sfd . @= Hof]ltifzf:qdf u|xx :ki6 ubf{ jf :ki6 u|xx Nofpg
'kbf{ hf]8\g] jf 36fpg] ul0ftsf] Ps cfwf ;\Vof . ~ zlQm gf) kfgL, afkm, 6af{Og, l8h
]n, l8h]nljB't\ cflbdWo] s'g} Psaf6 oGqflb rNg] zlQm . rfnkmfn gf) [rfn kmfn] d]nf]d
];f] Joj:yf rfFhf] aGbf]a:t . rfnafh lj) [;+) rfn kmf) afh] sk6L rfn rNg] wf]s]afh 5n
t{ . > rfnafhL gf) 5n sk6 wf]sf if8\oGq . rfnf gf) [;+) rfn cf] != rfnrng Jojxf . @=

cy{zf:qsf ljifodf k|lzIf0f lbg] Ps u|fdL0f o'jf;\u7g xrf Sna (xft, x[bo, xf]f] tyf x[
6tf;DaGwL) . ~ Sna gf) xrf Sna (kmf]Pr\ Sna) . rf kf]n gf) [rf kf]n] k'fgf] tf}n
f wfgL{sf] !( efu . rf eGHof gf) [rf eGHof] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] rf}tkm{ x]sf rf e
eGHof, kfFrdfg] eGHof, kf6L eGHof vL eGHof) . rfe"ld gf) [;+)] af}4 wd{cg';f xLgo
dfu{sf ;|f]tfkGg, ;s[bfufdL, cgfufdL cx{t\ gfdsf Wofgsf] rf cj:yf . rf j0f{ gf) [rf j
f{] x]) rt'j{0f{ . rf jffxL gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf rftkm{ x]sf k|l;4 rf jffxL w"djf
LnjffxL, jh|jffxL wgtn] (Zj]t) jffxL . rf ljgfos gf) [rf ljgfos] sf7df8f}F pkTosfle
|l;4 rf ljgfos ;"ol{ jgfos (eQmk'), hnljgfos (rf]ef u0f]z), czf]sljgfos (d? u0f]z) r
Gb|ljgfos (rfalxn u0f]z) . rff gf) [kmf) rf] != pkfo h'lQm . @= clwsf . rffgL gf) [r
{] rf cfgf d"Nosf] l;Ssf rjGgL . > rffg] lj) != rf cfgf df]nsf] rf cfgf kg]{ . @= ;:
sd;n dfd'nL w] d"No gePsf] . rfllqs lj) [;+)] rlq;DaGwL rlqljifos rlqsf] . rfL!
]6fs]6Lxn] v]Ng] uf . rfL@ lj) [;+)] gfdjfrs zAbsf k5fl8 hf]l8O{ ljr0f ug],{ xg] cflb
cy{ a'emfpg] pQkb (cfsfzrfL, kfbrfL, a|XdrfL O)) . rf? lj) [;+)] != ;'Gb dgf]x d0
?lrs k|ltli7t lk|o . gf) @= dxfslj nIdLk|;fb b]jsf]6fsf] rf? sljtf zfs'Gtn dxfsfJosL
Ps gfL kfq . xfl;gL lj) dw' d':sfg ePsL xF;d'vL (:qL) . rff] gf) [lt) sf) rff] kz'
O{ v'jfOg] bfgf jf vfgf cfxff rff . rfg gf) a:t'efp rg]{ rp jf ToxfFsf] 3fF;kft .
gfsf qmdn] rf ;\Vofdf k]sf] rff} lj) [rfcf}] rf}yf] . rfh{ gf) [c
\)] != sfo{ef
pQbfloTj . @= wfjf cfqmd0f . ~ 8L Pkm]o;{ gf) dGqL jf fhb"tsf ;fdf c:yfoL kdf lgo'Qm
Psf] s"6gLlt1 fhb"t jf dGqLeGbf tNnf] txsf] s"6gLlt1 . rf6{ gf) [c
\)] != s;}nfO{ s'g}
clwsf lbg] s'f n]lvPsf] n]v jf kq clwsfkq . @= To:tf] clwsf lbg] sfd . #=

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

rflng'lrpf 5f8g . #= r]i6f . dfnf gf) != afgLa]xf] rfnrng Lltljfh . @= rlq 5f8g
lqm) [rfn\Og'] rfNg] sfd ulg' . rfln;] gf) [rfln;P] != ;fdfGotM rfnL; jif]{ cfFvfsf]
lgs6 b[li6df x'g] Iflt . @= g]kfnsf a|fXd0fsf] Ps y . rfnL gf) != tfO{df e'O{+d} 8
fF8fef6f s;]sf] jf vfln ef6f dfqn] ag]sf] g5fOPsf] 3sf] 5fgf . @= kfgLdf ;gkf6sf
sfFrf d'7f ldnfP vK6fOPsf] y'k|f] . rfln; gf) [;+) rTjfl+zt\] pgGrfnL;kl5sf] ;
\Vof b'
{ lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] rfnL;df aL;sf] of]ukmn . > rfln;f} k]sf] . rfnL; gf) x]) rfln;
. > rfnL;f} lj) x]) rfln;f}F . rfn' lj) [rfn\p] != rNbf] rNg] rNtL . @= xfnsf] clxn]
. #= ;lqmo rNtfk'hf{ . rfn" lj) x]) rfn' . rfnf] gf) [;+) rfn] zLdf Ps} 7fpFdf a'?{
P lg:sg] dl;gf vl6f . rfNgLrfNg' gf) [;+) rfngL] kL7f], ;'tL{sf] w"nf] cflb 5fGgsf l
glDt dl;gf tf/ hfnL jf Kjfn kfl/Psf] kmnfdsf] kftf fv] agfOPsf] Ps ;fwg dl;gf 7f];
kbfy{af6 5f]qmf, af]qmf jf cgfjZos tj 5'fpg] ;fwg rfngL . rfNg] lj) [rfNgLP] rfNgLh:t
] rfNgLsf 5fF6sf] . ~ vl6f gf) rsf]{ 3fdsf] c; dflg;sf zLsf] 5fnfdf kbf{ plS;g] ;;fgf
vl6f 3df}f kfgLvl6f udL{vl6f . ~ lknf] gf) w]} d'v x'g] lknf] . ~ l;:g' gf) 7"n
gkf]Ng] Ps k|sfsf] l;:g' . rf;\g' ;) lqm) [rf; g'] vghf]t ug'{ uf]8d]n ug'{ rf; jf
k'Ug] ug'{ . rf; gf) [;+) rifs] hUufhldgdf vghf]t ug]{ tyf dnhn xfNg] sfd rf:g] sfd
. rf;r'; gf) [c) d") rf;\ c (l))] != cldnf], kLf] w]} k|sfsf crf r6gL l;tg . @= f
bf yf]} lrNnf] nufpg] sfd . rf;gL! gf) [;+) rf;\ cgL] x]) rf:gL . rf;gL@ gf) uxgf tof
ug{ ;'g, rfFbL cflb lhDdf lng]n] uxgf agfpg lbg]nfO{ kl5 sfd l;l4Pkl5 uxgfdf s}l
kmot ldl;Pgldl;Psf] hfFRg sf6] lbPsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] . rfl;g' s) lqm) [rf;\ O g'] rf:g] s
fd ulg' . rf;f] gf) != jf:tf kjfx vflt dtna k|of]hg ;f]sf . @= vfFrf] cfjZostf
jf:tf fVg'kg]{ ;f]sf fVg'kg]{ cfjZos . rf:gL gf) [ rf;gL] kfgL, lrgL jf ld;|L xfnL
Psf] n:;fbf kbfy{ rf;gL kfs .
386

rf:; lqm) lj) [c) d") rf;\;] dgdf lr;f] k:g] uL lag] lsl;dn] dg b'Vg] uL (eGg' jf s]
ug'{) . r':; lqm) lj) != k]6} gelg] uL yf]yf]} . @= cfuf], tftf] kmnfd cflbn] xNsfl
8fDg] jf kf]Ng] uL . #= tf, ;'Of], 5]:sf cflbsf] 3f]rfOsf ;fy} . $= 3f]rk]r u] csf{nf
{ 5Ss kg]{ uL . rfx gf) [k|f) rfx < ;+) rfog] != OR5f clenfiff cle?lr . @= cg'ej . #
= jf:tf . rfxg' ;) lqm) [rfx g'] rfx jf rfxgf ug'{ ?rfpg' dg kfpg' kfpg vf]Hg' . > rf
gf) OR5f cle?lr rfx rfxfgf . rfx\g' ;) lqm) [rfxf\ g'] x]) rxfg'{ . rfxf gf) rfxgf
xfgf gf) x]) rfxgf . rfxf lj) [;+) rfog] != s]xL s'nf] nfUg] jf hDd} a;f{bsf en] f]lk
g] ;'Svf df6f] ePsf] lxpFb] jif]{ b'j} afnL gnfUg] tyf sd pAhf x'g] (hUuf) hUufsf
rf >]0fLdWo] tNnf] >]0fLsf] . gf) @= To:tf] hUuf . rflx gf) of]) w]}df PsnfO{ f]Hbf j
f hf]8 lbFbf k|of]u x'g] zAb cj;df ;dodf v]l . (pbf) tLgj6Ldf sfG5LrflxF af7L lx5 .
f]rflxF s'v'f] sf6 .) rflxbf] lj) [rfxOFbf]] != rflxPhlt cfjZos k]hlt . @= cfjZos h?
#= 7Ls dgfl;a plrt . rfx] ;+of]) [rfxP] ljsNk jf ;t{ a'emfpFbf jfSodf b'Ok { N6 k|of
]u x'g] zAb . (pbf) rfx] vfpm, rfx] gvfpm . rfx] fd, rfx] Zofd cfcf];) \ . lru8f] gf
) k'm6]sf] efF8f] lr
8f] . lrugf gf) != 9'
\u|LKjfFv klg gpd|]sf s'v'fsf ;;fgf aRrf lr
@= s'v'fsf] aRrf rNnf rNnf] . lruf] gf) != kfgLdf a:g], 6f]Sg] ;fgf] sLf] . @= nfDrf
kft ;]tf hf x'g] wfgsf v]tdf x'g] Ps e'OFemf . lrp gf) [af) af])] != ;'Tg] lqmof jf
lgb|f . @= ;fgf lzz'nfO{ ;'tfpgsf nflu u'gu'gfpg] zAb . lrp6L gf) [lrD6L] != a"9L
cf}Fnf rf] cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkfsf] d]n . @= To:tf] d]nn] l6Kbf cfpg]hlt dfqf . #= ;f] d
]n x'Fbfsf] lrd6fO . $= a"9L cf}Fnf rf] cf}Fnfsf ;xfotfn] s'g} j:t' ;dfTg] l:ylt
jf sfo{ . lj) %= lrpF6Ln] cfpg] kldf0fsf] lrD6L . $= yf]} Hofb} yf]} clt cNk . lrp8f
) [;+) lra's] tNnf] cf]7eGbf d'lgsf] cg'xfsf] efu tNnf] a
\uffsf] p7]sf] efu Ro"F8f] R
fk' . lrpf gf) [;+) lrlk6lrk'6] lehfPsf] jf pl;g]sf] wfg gk'm6\t} e'6 ] l9sL, cf]vn,
ldn cflbdf s'6L y]Krf] agfOPsf] Ps vfB j:t' Ro"f lrlk6fGg .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

387

lrp/Llrf lrlrnf] gf) [(l)) lrnf]rNnf]] != ev kmn]sf], ;fgf] slnnf] kmn . @= ;fgf] sl
] afns aRrf] . lj) #= a]nf gePsf] (kmn, k"mn, ;fukft cflb) . lrrL gf) != df;' (afn
af]nLdf) . @= ev{ hGd]sf] lzz' . kfkf gf) != df;' ld7fO{ nufotsf cGo dL7f vfg]s 'f.
@= k'nk'NofO (pbf) s]6fs]6LxnfO{ lrrLkfkf u] lau|G5g\) . ~ e'8 L gf) != g;KnfPsf ;f
f aRrf . @= ;fgf aRrf . #= lzz' tyf e|"0f . ~ dfd gf) != df;'eft cflb (afnaf]nLdf)
. @= Hofb} ;lhnf s'f (x]ofy{df) . lrRrf] lj) nfnrL nf]n'k nf]eL sGh'; lrRrf lsRrf]
s lvRrf] . lrRRofO gf) [ lrRRofp (ofO)] lrRofpg] lqmof, efj jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lrRRo
fOg' c) lqm) s/fOg' sf}nfl;g' . lrRofpg' c) lqm) [rLTsf ofp g'] s\snf zAb lgsfNg' sf
pg' . > lrRRofx6 gf) lrRRofO . lrh! gf) [c\)] j}1flgs k|lqmofcg';f hdfOPsf] b"waf6 a
g]sf] vfB kbfy{ . lrh@ gf) [kmf)] != s'g} klg j:t' jf kbfy{ yf]s . @= dxjk"0f{ j:t'
jf pQd s'f] . lah gf) s'g} j:t' jf kbfy{xsf] ;d"x dfntfn h]t]d]t] . lr6! gf) [c\)
s'g} s'fsf] l6kf]6 ulPsf] sfuhsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf . @= kLIffdf cj}w ;fwgsf kdf rf]L ug]{
dg;fon] kLIffyL{n] 5nk"js { k|of]u ug]{ l6kf]6kq . lr6@ gf) k'nnfO{ c8fpgsf nflu cj
nDa:jk sl;g] nf emf]n'\u] k'nsf] b'O{ 5]pdf tfx s:g agfOPsf dha't nf . lr6lr6 lqm)
c) d") lr6\ c (l))] != dfgl;s jf zfLls si6sf sf0fn] zLdf kl;gf cfpg] uL . gf) @= To;
f] kl;gfff pTkGg Rof6Rof6 . > lr6lr6tLlr6lr6L lqm)lj) lr6lr6 cem} lr6lr6 x'g] lsl;d;F
u lr6Llr6L . lrl6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lrl6s\ s] ;fgf] fd|f] eO{ 5fF6 ldNg] uL lr r
6L lqm) lj) x]) lr6lr6L . lr lqm) lj) [c) d") lr6\ 6] ;fgf], fd|f] afGsL kg]{ uL lr
fGsL k] ldNg] uL . lrf gf) s'dfL jf cIftf :qLsf] hgg]lGb|osf] kbf{ jf cfj0f of]lgsf
{ jf hfnL s'dfLR5b . lr] lj) [lr P] != ;fgf] RofG6] l;s'6] . @= 5ltf] 5l5fF6sf]
] . lrf gf) != gub jf lhG;L j:t' k':sfsf kdf k|fKt ug]{ nIon] gDa nufOPsf l6s6 ;j{;fw
f hgtfdf laqmL ufO{ hDdf ulPsf] wg kg]{nfO{ ljt0f ulg] Ps

lrpL gf) != ;'gh:tf] 6Nsg] kf6 lg:sg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . @= lrpnL (kmn jf af]6) . lr
pnf gf) d'gf 6';f c\s' lrpnf] . lrpnL gf) d'gfd'gL 6';f6';L . lrpnL! gf) lrpnf]
df) . lrpnL@ gf) [;+) r"ts'n] ;]tf ;fgf k"mn k'mNg], b"w lg:sg], cdff]sf] cfsfsf] k
mn kmNg], ;f] kmn r':bf u'lnof] ; lg:sg] v jf To;sf] kmn lx\u'bn . lrpnf] gf) x]) lrp
nf . lrs\ g' ;) lqm) :qL;Def] u ug' { d} y ' g ug' { . > lrsgynLlrsgy}nL gf) :qLof
lg hgg]lGb|o . lrsgy}n ] lj) ;Def]usf] Hofb} rfx ug]{ (:qL) sfdf]GdfbL sfdf;Qm (:qL)
ef]lugL . lrsfO gf) ;Def]u ug]{ jf ufpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lrsfOg' s) lqm) ;D
ef]u ufOg' jf ug{ nufOg' . lrsfpg' k|) ] lqm) ;Def]u ug{ nfpg' jf ug]{ kfg'{ . lrs
fg gf) ;Def]u sfo{ ;dfud d}yg ' ;Def]u . lrsfdfL gf) lrsLv]n . lrsf? lj) d}yg ' df
Lg eP nfu]sf] . lrlsT;s gf) [;+)] cf}ifwf]krf ug]{ JolQm 8fS6 j}B sljfh xlsd . lrl
[;+)] != lgbfg f]ulgk0f . @= Onfh pkrf cf}ifwL bjfO{ > lrlsT;fno gf) cf}ifwL ug]{
fpF cf}ifwfno j}Bvfgf xl:k6n c:ktfn . ~ lj1fg gf) f]usf] lgbfg jf dLdf+;f ug]{ pkrf
gsf];d]t kfg]{ Ps lj1fg tyf snf lrlsT;fzf:q rs;+lxtf . lrlslT;t lj) lrlsT;f ulPsf] (J
olSt) pkrf ulPsf] . lrlsg' s) lqm) [lrs\ O g'] ;Def]u ulg' d}y'g ulg' . lrsL gf) :q
hgg]lGb|o of]lg eu . ~ v]n gf) d}yg ' lqmof lrsfdfL . lrs'jf lj) [lrs\ pjf] a9L :qLk
g]{ :jefjsf] w]} :jf:gLdfG5] rflxg] clt d}y'g ug]{ . lr3|g' c) lqm) [;+) lrTsf> lr3|
lrRofpg' RofFl7g' tl;{P ?g' lxlng' . > lr3|fO gf) lr3|g] jf lr3|fpg] efj, lqmof jf k
|lqmof . lrl3|g' c) lqm) lr3|g' . lr8L gf) [a\u)] lem] df5f] . lr8f] gf) k'm6]sf] ef
] lrFu8f] . lrlrjfO gf) [c) d") lrrLtf) jfOFrf]] lkm:6f] . lrlrG8f] gf) [;+) lrlr08
l3f}Fnfsf h:tf kft, ;]tf k"mn, ;]tf jf sfnf w;f{ ePsf l3f}Fnfs} cfsfsf kmn x'g] Ps
nxf] . @= tsfLsf kdf Jojxf ulg] To;sf] kmn rLgfss{6L . lrlrdf]6 ] lj) [(l)) lrdf]6
rs] 5's5's] rgdt] (afnsaflnsf) .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

lr7LlrLlrq k|0ffnL (n6L) . @= cs:dft\ xft nfu]sf] wg . lr7LlrL != 6f9f a;]sf] s'g} c
Gt jf kllrt JolStnfO{ x'nfsdfkm{t jf s'g} dfG5]dfkm{t k7fOg] lnlvt enf s'znL jf v}
va . @= sfof{non] s'g} ;+:yf jf JolQmnfO{ ;Daf]wg uL k7fpg] s'g} klg k|sfsf] n]vf]6
(kq, klkq, ;"rgf O)) . #= s'g} JolQmn] ;+:yf jf ljlzi6 JolQmsf gfddf n]v]sf] bvf
{:t cfj]bg lgj]bgkq . ~ kq gf) lr7L . ~ kq lgS;fL gf) != f0ffsfndf k|wfgdGqL jf >L #
f gfddf cfPsf lrLkqflb hfx] ug]{ Ps cf . @= ;f] cfdf ulg] lr7Lkqsf] hfx]L . ~ k'hL{
sfof{nosf] jf ;sfL sfuhftsf] kdf cfPsf] kq . lr8 gf) != k"mnsf cfsfsf] a'f ePsf] tf;
Pp6f lrl8of . @= rL8f uf]a|];Nnf] . lrl8of gf) [lx)] rf] kIfL kG5L . vfgf gf)
k|bz{gsf lglDt rfr'?\uLnufot h\unL kz'x cgf}7f zfLls agfj6 ePsf 3]n' hgfj;d]t ;
pF lrl8of3 kIfLvfgf . ~ 3 gf) lrl8ofvfgf . lr8\sf] gf) != r6f jh|kft . @= jh| lrs
\g' c) lqm) [t'n) RofF7 < :ofF7] l;fpg' lrl9g' . > lr9fO gf) lr9\g] jf lr9fpg] efj jf
lqmofk|lqmof . lr9fOg' c) lqm) lr9\g] x'g' lrl9g' . lr9fpg' ;) lqm) l; p7fpg' lr9fp
. lrl9g' c) lqm) l;fpg' a]v; ' L x'g' gffh x'g' lr9\g' . lr9fO gf) lrl9g] efj jf lq
qmof lr9fO . lr9fOg' c) lqm) lr9fOg' . lr9fpg' k|) ] lqm) lrl9g] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nufpg'
. lrt\ gf) [;+)] != ljrf k|ToIf 1fg r]tgf a'l4 k|1f . @= x[bo dg . #= cfTdf . $= a|
. lrt gf) != pQfgf] . @= x]; xtf]T;fx . #= lj:do cfZro{ . $= h'jfdf sf}8fsf] d'v 7f8
f] jf pQfgf] x'g] l:ylt jf cj:yf . lqm) lj) %= cnkq . lrtjg gf) [;+) lrqjg] gffo0f
L c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf lrtf}g . lrtf gf) [;+)] d'bf{ kf]Ngsf nflu agfPsf] tLg vfk
bfpfsf] 6fF8 d'bf{ kf]Ng] vlnof] jf rf}sf] lrltsf . lrtfO gf) [ lrtfp (cfO)] != lrtfp
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= ;sfL jgh\un cflbsf] vjfL, ]vb]v jf kfnf]kxf . #= v]tL
ljz]if Wofg k'ofpg] sfo{ . bf gf) != ;sfL jgh\unsf] vjfnf jf kx]bf . @= v]tLjfn
tfOg' s) lqm) sfdgf ulg' ;lDemg' lrGtf ulg' . lrtfpg' ;) lqm) != sfdgf ug'{ dgn] rfx
R5f ug'{ . @= ;Demg' sNkgf ug'{ Wofg ug'{ lrGtf ug'{ . lrtf lk08 gf) [;+)] d[tssf bf
xkl5 lrtfdf lbOg] 5
388

lk08 . lrtf e"ld gf) [;+)] d'bf{ hnfpg] 7fpF lrtf:yfg d;fg3f6 bfx:yfg . lrtff]x0f gf)
[;+)] != d[t kltsf ;fy ;tL hfg ljwjf :qLn] lrtfdf r9\g] sfd ;tL hfg] sfd . @= zjn
fO{ hnfpg lrtfdf fVg] sfd . lrtf;fwg gf) [;+)] d;fgdf a;] l;l4k|flKtsf nflu ulg] dGqc
g'i7fg . lrlt gf) [;+)] != lrtf . @= 1fg r]tgf . #= rf y'kf | ] ;d'Rro . $= rf s'gf k
f] 7fpF . > lrltsf gf) != lrtf lrlt . @= y'kf | ] rf . lrt' gf) [;+) lrqs] cf}ifwL nf
Ug] Ps a'6] emfljz]if lrqs . lrt'jf gf) [;+) lrqs] != hLpdf 6f6fkf\uf | a'f x'g,] af3
hfltsf] Ps 7"nf] 8nfUbf] lx+;|s hGt' 3'FuL . @= fO{ lnDa'nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ulg]
zAb . lrt] lj) nf]eL s~h'; . lrtf}g gf)x]) lrtjg . lrQ gf) [;+)] != dg x[bo lbn . @=
jrf lrGtg OR5f . #= a'l4 cGtMs0f ts{ ts{gfzlQm . $= clek|fo p2]Zo . %= Wofg . ~ slN
lrQn] sNkgf ulPsf] lrtfOPsf] . ~ rf] gf) k|]dL dgnfO{ x0f ug]{ JolQm . h gf) != l
dgaf6 pTkGg x'g] ljsf jf dgMl:ylt . @= sfdb]j cg\u . 1 lj) != dgsf] s'f] hfGg] dgs
1ftf . gf) @= O{Zj . #= cfTd1fgL . k|zd gf) ;Gtf]if k|;Ggtf zflGt . ~ a'bf] lj) dg
] dgdf ;Gtf]if lbg] ldNbf] ;Gtf]ifk|b . lrQw x[bo gf) g]jfL (g]kfn) efiffsf k|Voft
j . lrQn gf) [;+) lrQn] != ftf] zLdf ;]tf afSnf 6Lsf xg] d[usf hftsf] h\unL kz . @=
Ps df5f]ljz]if . lrQ ljIf]k gf) [;+)] dgsf] cl:ytf dgsf] prf6kg pRrf6nfUbf] cj:yf .
lrQ ljKnj gf) [;+)] dg 5F6fpg] sfd axnLkg pGdfb . lrQ lje|d gf) [;+)] lrQe|z + al
e|z + pGdQtf kfunkg . lrQ j[lQ gf) [;+)] != dgsf] cj:yf . @= ;+ju ] . #= dgsf] cfG
tls Jofkf . lrQ zl4 gf) [;+)] lrQnfO{ z4 tNofpg] sfo{ dgnfO{ lgd{n agfpg] k|lqmof
. lrQxfL lj) [;+)] dgf]x cfsif{s . lrQf gf) != lrt pQfgf] . @= kfho xf . #= wf]sf
. lrQfsif{s lj) [;+)] x[bonfO{ cfslif{t ug]{ dgnfO{ dUw kfg]{ . lrQrfu ] gf) xf8
dls{Psf] 7fpFdf nufOg] Ps emfljz]if . lrq gf) [;+)] != t;la kmf]6f] 5fkf lrqk6 k|ltd

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

389

lrqflrg\g kftnf] wftsf] kftf, dGb|f cflb eO{Fdf ahfl/Fbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . lrlq0
fL gf) [;+)] != zf:qdf jl0f{t rf k|sfsf :qL (kb\ldgL, lrlq0fL, z\lvgL xl:tgL) dWo] P
s . @= al4j}ej >]i7tfn] oQm :qL . lrlqt lj) [;+)] != \uLla\uL . @= lrqsfltf ePsf
= sg} sfsf] lrq0f ulPsf] (syfTds ;flxTodf) . lrqLs0f gf) [;+)] != ljleGg n] Fufpg]
o{ lrlqt ug]{ lqmof ;hfpg] sfd . @= cfZro{ . lrq] lj) [lrqf] P] != lrqf]sf] h:tf] ag
f}6 ePsf] (f8L, kfvL cflb) . gf) @= f8Lsf bOvfn] (lrq] dfGb|) ] agf]6dWo] Ps . ~
8f]sf] gf) dfly la6 gePsf] jf kmf6\g nfu]sf] 8f]sf] . ~ aG;f] gf) ufO{a:tnfO{ v
jfOg], lrqf]em}F km}lng] F f lrqfh:t} 8f]f8f]f 3fF;ljz]if . ~ afbn gf) gLnf] eOd k]s
f] b]lvg] afbnsf] cfs[lt . ~ d];f] gf) lrqfsf] h:t} agf]6 agfOsf] ;lhnf] tlsf agf
Osf] dfGb|d ] ; ] f]eGbf leGg d];f] . lrqf] gf) cGgsf] esfL agfpg jf afg{ afF;, lg
ufnf] cflbsf df]6fdl;gf rf]offf ;fbf tlsfn] ag] tof kflPsf] dfGb|f]h:tf] 7"nf] kftf
k|sfsf] esfL . lrTnfu ] lrTnf
] lj) [lrTnf
P] != lrtnf
df x'g,] kfOg] jf a:g] (d"nf,
dflg; O)) . gf) @= avf{ofddf v]tdf x'g] lk]{ hftsf] Ps emf ufO{ltof] . lrt\ :jk gf) [
+)] != kdfTdf O{Zj . lj) @= O{ZjLo . lry\g ;) lqm) [lry|f ] g] x]) lryf]g{ . > l
) x]) lryf]fO . lryfOg s) lqm) lryf]fOg . lryfpg k|]) lqm) lryf]fpg . lryf] \
m) [lry|f ] g] sf]kg{ sf]tg{ bfFt, g cflbn] tf5\g kmxfpg bfx|g bfg{ . > lryf
lryf]g{] lqmof, efj jf k|lqmof . lryf]fOg s) lqm) sf]kfOg . lryf] fpg k| ] ) lq
m) lryf] g { nfpg jf nufpg . lryf]flryf] gf) emu8f cflbdf Psn] csf{nfO{ lryf]g]{
sfd cfk"mcfk"mdf lryf]g]{ sfd . lryf]lg ;) lqm) sf]klg sf]tlg . lry|f ] gf) dlSs
qPsf] nuf emqf] yf\gf] of\nf] lrNyf] lrNyf sGyf Rof\nf] lry8f] . lrbfsfz gf)
z Jofks a|Xd . lrbfef; gf) [;+)] ;f+;fls jf;gfdf lnKt hLj . lrb|k " gf) [;+)] z4 r
}tGo k lrGdo . lrlnf; gf) [;+)] r}tGo:jk O{Zjsf] dfof . lrg\g! ;) lqm) [;+) lrlt g
fpg uff] nufpg lgdf{0f ug{ . lrg\g@ ;) lqm) [;+) lrg\ g] != klro kfpg 7Dofpg

5lj . @= rlDsg] uxgf . #= c;fwf0f 5lj t]lhnf] j:t . $= cfZro{ . %= Ps k|sfsf] si7
f]u . ~ snf gf) xftn] lrq sf]g]{ snf sfuh, sk8f cflbdf l;;fsnd, \u cflbaf6 agfOPsf ]
fsf dfWodn] sg} sf] k|:tt ug]{ snf lrqs[lt lrqljBf . sf gf) != lrqsnfdf lgk0f Jo
Qm lrqn]vs lrqlzNkL . @= lrq n]Vg] j+zkDkfut k];f lng] g]kfnL hfltsf] Ps y . sfL g
qsfn] ug]{ sfd snf . ~ sfJo gf) != Jo\Uofy{sf] cefj eO{ jfRofy{s} dfq ;Qf ePsf] cn\sf
|wfg Ps cj jf cwd dflgPsf] sfJo h;sf zAblrq cy{lrq uL hDdf bO{ e]b xG5g\ . @= sg
s lrqsf] k[i7fwfdf n]lvPsf] rdTsfk"0f{ sljtf . (pbf) v8\uaGw, kaGw, rqmaGw, uf]d"lqs
faGw, ;j{tf]eb| O)) . ~ uKt gf) != odfhsxfF dflg;xsf u0fcju0f, kfkk0o cflbsf] f]s
n]Vg] b]jtf . @= rf}w oddWo] Ps . > lrq0f gf) != lrq ptfg]{ sfd lrq lvr]em}F ulg]
j0f{g . @= j0f{g avfg ljj0f . k6 gf) != lrq n]lvPsf] \lug jf rfvfg] sk8f t;la l
]dfsf] lkmNd . kbf gf) bO{ eu0f bO{ u? xg] Ps k|sfsf] jfl0f{s 5Gb . lkmQf gf)
jBt \ k|sfzsf ;xfotfn] kbf{ cflbdf b]vfOg] rnlrq, 8sd]G6L, :nfO8, eL)8L)cf]) cfl
bsf lrqf\lst lkmQf lkmNd . do lj) lrq}lrqn] elPsf] 5fk}5fkf ePsf] ;lrq . ~ lnlk gf
ljrfsf] cy{af]w ufpg :y"n kaf6 lrqfTds ;\s]tff n]lvg] PsfIfL kljfsf] lnlk ;\st ]
(pbf) lrlgofF lnlk) . @= ld> b]zsf k|frLg clen]vxdf cIfxsf] ;f6f] k|of]u ulg] lrq lnl
sf] ;a}eGbf k|frLg k . ~ n]vs gf) lrqsf . ~ n]vlgsf gf) lrq agfpg] jf n]Vg] s"rL lrqt
lnsf a?; . n]vf gf) du0f, eu0f, gu0f, tLg ou0f rff}F tyf ;ftf}F cIfdf lj>fd xg] 5
bljz]if . ~ ljlrq lj) != \uLla\uL cg]s efFlt . @= cgf}7f] tfhk . ~ ljBf gf) lrqsnf
nf gf) != ;fj{hlgs k|bz{gsf lgldQ lrqs[ltx ;\ux | ulPsf] 3 jf 7fpF lrqsfsf] sfof{no
no lrqdlGb (cf6{UofnL) . @= kmf]6f] lvRg] jf lrq n]Vg] 7fpF (cf6{ :6l8of]) . ~ lzNk
L gf) lrqsf . lrqf gf) [;+)] != tLg du0f, bO{ ou0f cf7f}F cIfdf olt ePsf] 5Gbljz]if
. @= ;QfO; gIfqdWo]sf] rf}wf}F gIfq . lrqfno gf) [;+)] lrqzfnf . lrqfjnL gf) [;+)
] != sg} ljrf, tYo, ljifo cflbnfO{ k|efjzfnL k|fdfl0fs 9\uaf6 JoQm jf k|:tt ug{
lbOg] lrqxsf] qmlds z[\vnf . @= lrq}lrqxsf] ;d"x . lrlq\ulrlq\ lqm) lj)gf) [c) d")

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

lrghfglrGtf hfGg klxrfGg . @= kfv ug{ lgSof}n { ug{ . #= cgejff yfxf kfpg . lrg
fg gf) [lrg\ hfg\] klro hfgklxrfg lrgfhfg lrgfkrL{ lrGxfL . lrgf! gf) != b"afsf h:
f kft aG;fsf h:Tff emKkfbf k"mn xg] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] emf . @= To;}sf bfgf jf kmn P
s hftsf] sfug . lrgf@ gf) [;+) lrGx] Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f dflg;sf] hGdsf ;dosf] u|xg
Ifqxsf] l:ylt ltgLxsf] cfk;L ;DaGw (h;sf] cfwfdf dflg;sf] efUosf] lg0f{o ulG5) af] n
lvPsf] s08nL cflb;d]t ePsf] sfuh hGdklqsf hGds08nL lrGxf l6Kkg . lrgfO gf) [ lrg\ (
O)] lrGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > lrgfOg s) lqm) lrgfL ufOg . lrgfpg k|) ] lqm)
!= lrgfL ufpg klro ufpg klxrfg ufpg . @= 3 jf kvf{n cflbsf ufx|f] lrgfpg jf lr
fpg . lrgfs7Llrgfsf7Llrgs6\7L gf) [lrXg sfi7] kfgf] rngcg;f 3, hUuf cflb gfKg] sfd
lglDt agfOPsf] rf}aL; cdn jf Ps xftsf] sf7sf] gfkf] . lrgfhfg gf) [;+) lrXg 1fg] lr
ghfg klro . > lrgfhfgL gf) lrGg]hfGg] sfd lrghfg . lrgfkrL{ gf) [lrXg klro O{] sg}
f ljifosf ;DaGwdf fd|f] klro jf hfgsfL k|fKt ug]{ sfd klro . lrgfL gf) [lrXgcfL] l
GxfL . lrgf? lj) [lrXg cf?] lrghfgsf] lrghfg eO;s]sf] kllrt lrg]sf] lrGxf? . lrlgg
) [lrg\ O g] klro kfOg klxrflgg . lrlgof lj) [rLgOofF] rLg b]z;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] rLg
] rLgdf kfOg] rLgL . ~ u'f; gf) lrofsf] k"mndf ld>0f uL ;'wf ulPsf], af:gf gcfpg],
g
\udf k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] u'fF;sf] k"mn . ~ u'nfkm gf) lrlgofF u'fF; . ~ rDkf gf) dw'
tn ;'uGwo'Qm 8Nnf] cfsfsf] Ps k|sfsf] k"mnljz]if rLgLrDkf . ~ RofG6f gf) Ps k|sfsf]
ofG6] jf k'8\s] 3f]8f . ~ tfKs] gf) kLFweGbf d'v s]xL ;fgf] eO{ 7f8f] la6 ePsf],
leqkl f;folgs d'nDdf nufOPsf] ;dfpg] xftf];d]t ePsf] wft'sf] tfKs] . ~ wfg gf) cgbL
wfg . ~ k"mn gf) ;okqLsf h:t} kft x'g] Ps hftsf] k"mn . ~ e6df; gf) sfnf u]8f ;]t
f af]qmf x'g] Ps hftsf] e6df; . ~ df6f] gf) ljz]if k|sfsf] df6f], bl;{g9'
u \ f, lkm
N;kf cflbaf6 agfOg] s8f, ;]tf]
sf], Hofb} ldxL Ps k|sfsf] df6f] (kf]l;{ng ] ) . ~ ln
lk gf) cnucnu zAbsf nflu leGgfleGg} lrXg xg] Ps k|sfsf] lnlk zAblnlk lrqlnlk .
390

lrgL! lj) x]) lrlgofF . lrgL@ gf) != pv k]n ] j}1flgs k|ljlwaf6 tof ulPsf], ulnof],
;]tf] w"nf] jf r"0f{ . lj) @= rLg;DaGwL lrlgofF rLgsf] . ~ dn gf) x]bf{ lrgLh:t} b
]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] f;folgs dn (Pdf]lgod ;Nkm]6, olof cflb) . ~ f]u gf) utdf ulnof] t
9\gfn] lk;fk a9L xg] lk;fkaf6} kf]ifs tj aUg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u dwk|d]x k|d]x dwd]x
~ f]6L gf) tLg v08df bO{ v08 kL7f] Ps v08 lrgL ld;fO{ s]fsf] kftdf d5] kftnf] kfL
3pdf ksfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] :jflbi6 f]6L cg;f{ cg;f . lrg gf) [;+) lrXg] != ;Demgfsf kdf
g] sg} sf jf j:t lrgf] lrXg nIf0f . @= ;Demf}6f] :dfs ofbuf . #= sg} sfnfO{ b
s]t ug{ nufOg] sg} ]vf jf laGb lg;fgf . lrgs gf) != cd]lsfsf] sL kjt{af6 lxpFb ofd
df tnlt axg] Gofgf] zis jfo . @= cd]lsfdf ljleGg cflbjf;Lsf efiff ldl;P ljsl;t eP
sf] Ps cgf}7f] lvr8L efiff (lrgshfu{g) . lrgafglrgafgf] gf) x]) lrgf]afgf] . lr
gf] gf) [;+) lrXg] != lrg lrXg lgzfgf . @= Ps vfBfGgljz]if . afgf] gf) != cjz]if .
@= b]j:yndf r9fOPsf] sg} j:t . lrG8] gf) [;+) lrlRr08 P] != Pp6} e]6g \ fdf 5;ftj6
f nfdfnfdf kft xg], Ps n]sfnL j[If tsfL jf crfsf kdf vfOg] To;}sf slnnf dgf . lj) @
lrG8f cfsfsf] . lrG8f] gf) [;+) lrlRr08] != df6fsf] efF8f]ljz]if . @= nf}sf, km;L
{ cflbem}F nxfdf kmNg], k]6 kms]sf], 3fF6L ;fgf] eO{ nfdf] xg], tDafsf hftsf]
Ps kmn 8Nn] nf}sf] . lrGtg gf) [;+)] ljrf, laDa, k|tLs cflbsf ;xfotfn] sg} ljifo j
f ;d:ofsf] dgdg} ;dfwfg ug]{ k|lqmof ljleGg ljrf, l:ylt 36gfsf aLrsf] kf:kls ;DaGw v
f]hL ug]{ dfgl;s sfo{ uDeL kn] ;f]r] k|Zgsf] ;dfwfg lgsfNg] k|lqmof lrGtgf . ~ k|wfg
j) ulxf];Fu ;f]r ljrf ulPsf] dVo kdf lrGtg ePsf] lrGtgsf] k|fwfGo ePsf] lrGtgnfO{
Vo dfGg] . ~ e"ld gf) lrGtgsf] vf; If]q . ~ dgg gf) sg} j:t JolQm jf sfsf ;DaGwdf
afaf uDeLtf;fy ;f]Rg]uGg] lqmof uxg lrGtg . zLn lj) lrGtg ug]{ ljrfzLn dggzLn
f gf) lrGtg . lrGtgLo lj) lrGtg ug{ of]Uo lrGtg ugk { g]{ . lrGtf gf) [;+)] != kL ;
f{ lkmqmL kjfx WofpGgf . @= lrGtg ljrf . #= wfdLn] f]u jf bf]if 5fpg 9f\u|f] 76
fsnfk wd]nL . $= ;flxTozf:qsf cg;f

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

391

lrGglrd6\g gePsf], avf{ofddf b]lvg] Ps k|l;4 sLf] . lrKn]6L gf) [lrKnf] P6L] != s]xL
lefnf] hUufdf, kmNofs, wftsf j:t cflbdf lrlKnP dgf]~hg lng], vf; uL afnsxsf] Ps v]
n . @= To:tf] v]n v]Ng] 7fpF jf ;fwg . #= lrKn]6L v]Ng xg] 9u \ f] . ~ 9\uf] gf)
r]K6f], lrNnf] lrKnf] vfnsf] 9\uf] lrKn]6L v]Ng xg] 9\uf] . lrKnf] lj) [;+) lrlS
nb] != t]n, l3p cflb lrNnf] kbfy{ nfu] h:tf] n];fOnf] . @= lrKng] lsl;dsf] gd ;nQ
k]sf] (7fpF) . #= sfn] l7Ss kfg]{ dL7f sf af]Ng] . 3;fO gf) nf]nf]kf]tf] a];f]k
db e"m6f] k|z+;f . rfKnf] lj) l3p, t]n cflb w]} lrNnf] ePsf] jf k]sf] lrNnf]rfkNnf]
rkNnf]rfkNnf] . lrKNofO gf) [ lrlKn ( ofO)] lrlKng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > lrKNo
fOg s) lqm) != lrKnf] kflg . @= lrKnf] jf lefnf] 7fpFdf 3;|fOg . lrKNofpg k|) ]
lqm) != lrKnf] kfg{ . @= lrlKng] ufpg . lrKNofx6 gf) lrlKng] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk
|lqmof . lrkm lj) [c\)] != dVo k|dv  k|wfg (rLkm PsfpG6]G6, rLkm ;]qm]6L cflb) . g
f) @= f0ffsfnsf dlVtof . lraxfn gf) [;+) r}To ljxf] ;fgf] lsl;dsf] af}4 :t"k r}To . l
lar] { gf) Ps hftsf] ;fgf] rf] . lrlaNn] lj) != ckToflnf] lsl;dsf sf ug]{ dgu9Gt syf
] eGg] 9fF6L sf}6] . @= 5s5s] rsrs] . lra]lre] gf) laxfgLkv sfpg], nfdf] kR5 x
vf sfnf] sf] Ps hftsf] rf] ofFkL rf] . ~ gs6L gf) w]} k?ifsf aLrdf xg] jf k?ifs
L dg kfpg] cfOdfO{ . ~ gs6f] gf) w]} cfO{dfO{sf aLrdf xg] jf cfOdfO{sf] ;\ut a9L dg k
pg] k?if . lrd gf) [c\) lrdgL] != nfnl6g, nDkmf cflbsf bLklzvfsf] jlkl nufOg] sfFrs
f] cjoj jf 9sgL lahnLsf] aNa unk . @= cfuf]af6 lgl:sPsf] w"jfF aflx k7fpg agfOPs
f] lgsf; 7"nf] 9\u|f] 3sf] 5fgfdfly jf OlGhgoQm oGqxdf w"jfFsf] lgsf;sf lglDt agfOg
] 9\u|f]sf cfsfsf] cjoj . #= cfnf] afF; kmf]] Pp6f ef6f] csf]{l;t gcnlUug] uL agfOPs
f] a]g]{ jf cf]5fpg] ;fwg . lrdlrd lqm) lj) [c) d") lrd\ c (l))] zfLls bf]if jf f]un]
Fvf l56l56} vNg]lrDng] uL cfFvf lemdemd xg] uL . > lrdlrd] lj) afDaf cfFvf lrdlrd
afgL k]sf] cfFvf lrdlrdfOxg] . lrd6\g ;) lqm) [lrdf]6 \ g] x]) lrdf]6\g . > lrd6f
gf) lrdf]6fO . lrd6fOg s) lqm) lrdf]6fOg . lrd6fpg

Ps ;~rfL efj . > lrGtfsn lj) lrGtfdf 8as ] f] lrGtfn] cfsn . lrGtfhgs lj) lrGtfsf
] sf0f ePsf] lrGtf kfg]{ lrlGtt tNofpg] . lrGtft lj) lrGtfn] plUg lrGtfu|:t . ~ dU
) lrGtfdf 8a]sf] lrGtf ulxg] . dl0f gf) != ;Dk"0f{ dgf]sfdgf k"f ullbg] Ps sfNklgs
. @= cafw 1fg k|fKt ufOlbg] ;:jtLsf] Ps dGq . > lrlGtt lj) != ;tf{Psf] kL nfu]sf] .
@= ljrf ulPsf] ;f]lrPsf] . lrGTo lj) ljrf0fLo lrGtgLo ;f]Rg of]Uo hfGg jf yfxf kfpg
o . lrGg! ;) lqm) [;+) lrXg] != hfGg jf yfxf kfpg klro kfpg klxrfGg . @= s;}sf]
:jefj jf afgLa]xf]sf] hfgsfL xg cfgLafgL yfxf kfpg . #= sf] s:tf] x]5 egL klxrfg
kfpg . lrGg@ ;) lqm) [;+) lrg\ g] != tx jf rf jf vft ldnfP fVg . @= 3, kvf{n cflb
f] uf/f] nufpg, lrGg jf agfpg . lrGdo gf) [;+)] ljz4 1fgdo kdfTdf a|Xd . lrGx gf)
[;+) lrXg] x]) lrXg lrg lrgf] . > lrGxfOg s) lqm) lrgfOg . lrGxfpg ;) lqm) lrgf
pg . lrGxfL gf) lrgfL . lrGxf? lj) lrgf? . lrlGxg s) lqm) lrlgg . lrklrk lqm) lj)
c) d") lrk\ c (l))] 6fFl;Oxg] uL . lrlkrNnf]lrlklrNnf] lj) [lrNnf] lrNnf]] != t]n nufP
nf] kflPsf] (hNkmL, skfn O)) . gf) @= sf]OnL rL . lrk N nf] rfk N nf] lrNnf] rf
k N nf] gf) [lrKnf] rfKnf]] lrNnf]rfNnf] l3p, t]n, af];f] cflbsf] dfqf w]} x]sf] v
fg]sf] jf j:t lrKnf]rfKnf] . lrKk! lqm) lj) [c) d") lrk\ k] n]l;nf] kbfy{ xft cflbd
f nfu] 6fFl;Pem}F gpKsg] lsl;dn] 6fFl;g] uL . lrKk@ gf) != cf}Fnfsf gsf] sgf] bVg]
jf kfSg] Ps f]u . @= gz"n . lrk|f gf) cfFvfsf sgfsgfdf b]vf kg]{ ;]tf] n]l;nf] kbf
y{ sr]f g]qdn . lrlk|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lrlk|s \ s] kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ ;Sg] jf 36\g
uL . lrKng c) lqm) [lrKnf] g] lrKnf] jf l;lnSs k]sf] 7fpFdf vf cflb 8\s] c;Gtln
 . > lrKnfO gf) lrlKng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lrlKng c) lqm) != lrKnf] kbfy{df
k] 3l;|g . @= uNtL ug{ lalg . lrKn] lj) [lrKnf] P] != lrKnf] ePsf] (j:t cflb) . @
nf]nf]kf]tf] kfg]{ a];f] v;fdbL . gf) #= v;fdb . ~ lsf] gf) eOFdf 3;|Fb} lxF8\bf
;]tf] ofn 5f]8\b} lxF8\g], xf8

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

lrdfnLlrdfnf]lrlr k|) ] lqm) lrdf]6fpg . lrdl6g s) lqm) lrdf]l6g . lrdfnLlrdfnf]

;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] ufF;sf] v jf To;sf] k"mn . lrdf]6 \ g ;) lqm) [lrD6f g
!= a"9L cf}Fnf rf] cf}Fnfsf 6Kkfn] s]xL sfnfO{ jf zLsf] 5fnfnfO{ RofKg jf hf];Fu
cF7fpg lrD6g lrd6\g . @= ldtJooL xg sdvrL{ xg . > lrdf]6fO gf) lrdf]6g \ ] lqm
of jf k|lqmof . lrdf]6fOg s) lqm) lrdf]6\g nfOg . lrdf]6fpg k|) ] lqm) lrdf]6g
\ nfpg lrd6fpg . lrdf]l6g s) lqm) lrdf]6g \ ] sfd ulg lrdf]6fOdf kflg . lrD6f gf
[r]k \ 6f] wftsf bO{ kftnf nfdf 6qmfnfO{ rnfpg xg] uL Ps 5]pdf hf]8] agfOPsf],
cfuf] jf sg} rLh lemSg], lgsfNg] jf l6Kg] bOr { f];] ;fwg . ~ sf6L gf) :jf:gLdf
lg;xsf] s]z RofKg] r'Rr] lrD6L . lrlD6g ;) lqm) [lrD6L g] != lrD6Ldf lng @= c) lqm
) @= lrD6Ldf cfpg . #= rfd|f] xg . lrD6L gf) [lrD6f O{] != 5fnfdf laem]sf] sfF8f
] lemSg] ;fgf] bOrf];] ;fwg . @= uxgf agfpFbf wftsf ;;fgf 6qmf l6Kg] jf 38L, ]
l8of] cflb agfpFbf ;;fgf khf{ l6Kg] sfddf k| o f] u ulg] ;fgf] xft] lrD6f . #= l
rpF 6 L . $= :jf:gLdflg;xn] s]z l6Kgsf nflu k|of]u ug]{ wftsf ;;fgf lrD6f ;]K6L .
lrD6] lj) [lrD6f P] != lrD6fsf] cfsfsf] lrD6fh:tf] lrD6fn] em}F ;dfTg] . @= cToGt nf]
eL nfnrL 5Rrf] . #= lrD6f lnP lxF8g \ ] . $= lrdf]6g \ kg]{ vfnsf] s8f (df6f]) . gf
) %= hf]uL . lrD6fO gf) [ lrlD6 ( ofO)] lrlD6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lrD6fOg s) l
m) lrD6Ldf lnOg . lrD6fOnf] lj) lrD6fxf . lrD6fpg k|) ] lqm) lrlD6g nufpg lrlD6g]
fg{ . lrD6fxf lj) kfgLn] rfF8} unfpg g;Sg] vfnsf] s8f lrD6] (df6f] O)) . lrDgL gf) [
c\) lrdgL] != OlGhg, rnf] cflbsf] w"jfF aflx lgsfNg] uL flvPsf] 9\u|f] w"jfFs; . @=
lrd aNa . lrDkfGhL gf) [c\)] clk|msf dxfb]zdf kfOg] sfnf f}F nfdfnfdf sGk6 xg] tyf
gs} rnfs agdfG5] . lrDd lqm) lj) [c) d") lrd\ d] cfFvf k"} aGb ug]{ jf aGb xg] uL .
lrd| ] lj) [lrd|f ] P] != cfFvf lrd|f] ePsf] . @= g]qf]un] ubf{ cfFvf dl:sn;Fu p3f
g]{ jf cfFvfdf sr]f elxg] lrk|] sr]] . lrd|f] lj) k|fs[lts kn] jf dfgl;s ;+j]usf sf
Oj6} jf Pp6f dfq eP klg cfFvf s]xL ;fgf] ePsf]
392

lrD;f] . lrDng ;) lqm) [;+) Dnf]r > lrDn g] != kns dfg{ cfFvf aGb ug{ lemldSs ug{
. @= jf:tf gug{ kl0ffdsf] Vofn gug{ . #= dg{ . > lrDnfO gf) lrDng] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . lrDnfOg s) lqm) lrDng nfOg . lrDnfpg k|) ] lqm) lrDng] kfg{ jf lrD
ng nufpg . lrlDng ;) lqm) != lrDng . s) lqm) @= lrDng] sfd ulg . lrlD;g c) lqm)
[lrD;f] O g] lrD;f] xg cfFvf ;fgf lrdlrd ug]{ xg . lrD;] lj) [lrD;f] P] lrD;f cfF
f xg] lrdlrd] lrD;f] . lrD;f] lj) [c) d") lrd\ ;f]] cfFvf ;fgf xg] lrdlrd ulxg] vf
] lrD;] . lrof gf) [lr)] != k|foM ud dnsxdf pdflg], ;]tf k"mn kmNg], Ps yL afx|df;
a6f] jf To;}sf slnnf kftsf dgf ;sfO{jL tof kflPsf] kQL jf w"nf] . @= tftf] kfgL
df OR5fg;f lrgL b"wsf] cgkft ldnfO{ jf sfutLsf] ; lgrf]L To:tf] kft jf w"nf] fvL t
of kflPsf] Ps k|l;4 k]o kbfy{ . lrofO gf) [ lrofp ( cfO)] lrofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [ > ] lrofOg s) lqm) lrofpg] sfd ulg . lrofpg ;) lqm) sg} Ps nlsg] 7fpF jf
r]k, Kjfn, 58\s] sf]0f cflbaf6 x]g{ uKtL rfnn] jf 5n] ljz]if b[li6 nufpg lrof]
ug{ r]jf ug{ . lrof sdfg gf) [lrof sdfg] lrofsf] v]tL ulg] jf lrof pAhfOg] 7fpF . l
rof rd]gflrofkfglrof kfgL gf) lrof, skmL cflbsf ;fy vfOg] xNsfkmNsf cGo 7f]; vfB k
bfy{x vfhf hnkfg n3ef]hg rd]gf . lrof] gf) [ r]jf] grflxFbf] uL x]g{] jf ag] sfd
;L 9sfO ;fv . rrf] { gf) sxLF s;n] s] ub}{ 5 egL 9s ] jf ns ] x]g{] sfd r]jfr
lr\g ;) lqm) [lrf] g] != sg} xltofn] sg} j:tnfO{ bO{ ofs xg] uL kmfg{ (bfp
sfFqmf] lrg{ O)) . @= 3fp, vl6f cflb lrkmf ug{ . lr lj) [;+)] w]} ;do;Dd xg] bL3{
(lrljx, lrsfn O)) . sfn gf) bL3{ sfn w]} jf nfdf] ;do . lruf]hf gf) [;+) lrnuf]h
hftsf] v jf To;df kmNg] ;;fgf bfgf l;D6f lrnuf]hf . lrlr gf) [c) d") lr\ c (l))] !=
sf] snj Wjlg . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] Wjlg lg:sg] uL . > lrlrtLlrlrL lqm) lj) nuftf To
lgsf ;fydf . lrlr] lj) lrlr ug]{ :jefjsf] ems{g] afgL ePsf] .

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393

lr~hLjLlrhLjLlre{6L lrfkmff gf) [lr\ kmf\] != yfgaf6 Roft] afFsL xg uPsf ;;fgf 6
f6fqmL . @= lrkmf . lrfo lj) [;+)] != w]} sfn;Dd afFlrxg] lr~hLjL . gf) @= nfdf] c
3f{o . lrlg c) lqm) [lr\ O g] != lrf] xg lrf] kg{ . @= wfFhf] kg{ jf kmf6\g
m) #= csf{nfO{ gfd|f] xg] jf dg gkg]{ uL a];L vfg ntfg{ l3Rg . lrlSs lqm) lj) [c
") lr > lrls\ s] != sg} j:t rs{g] jf lrlg] uL . @= sldnf, plkofF cflbn] 6f]Sbf bv]e
m}F . #= rxofpg] uL . $= cDaf, cdnf, gf:kftL cflbnfO{ bfFtn] 6f]Sbf To:tf] xg] uL
. lrl\uLemf gf) Pshftsf] emfljz]if . lrlRoflrlRof lqm) lj) [rLr] != fd|f]
s 5l5 . lj) @= ;lh;hfp ;'Gb fd|f] l6k6k (c
\)) RjfFs . lrlofp gf) [c) d") lrrL
;p x'g] Ps hftsf] rf] . lrllaL gf) [ lrla] uf}FynL, eFu]f cflb sfpFbf cfpg] cfjfh
lj) lrllaL cfjfh lgsfNg] . @= sfOxg] xNnf ug]{ . lr?jf lj) [lr\pjf] lrlPsf] lrf
bf gf) 3f]8fsf] x]rfx, ;]jfz>"iff cflb ug]{ dflg; ;O; . lrf] (lrf lt) )) gf) [
{L lrlPsf] 7fpF rls{P jf km6] lrf k]sf] 7fpF wfFhf] . @= lrf kf] sfl6Psf] ;Unf]
rf}h L gf) [rf\aLh] xsf bfgfh:tf] vfFbf abfdsf] h:tf] :jfb x'g], Ps k|sfsf] vfg] d
z]if . lrs{6f]! gf) lry8f] e'mqf] lr6 . lrs{6f]@ gf) [lr\sf] != sf7, afF; cflb sf6\b
f tf5\tf em]sf ;;fgf 6'qmf sfl6Psf] jf lrlPsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] . @= ;lDemfVgsf nflu 5f]
6sLdf l6lkPsf] l6kf]6 To;L l6lkPsf] sfutsf] 6'qmf] . lrsf] { gf) [lr\sf]] != cfsfzdf
ah'nL rDsFbf kg]{ jh|kft r6f
. @= cfklQ kg]{ vfnsf] 36gf . #= 7"nf] emu8f . $= lrRR
ofpFbfsf] rsf]{ :j . lr3{6 gf) d]sf dflg;nfO{ hnfpg 3f6df n}hfFbf a]] nfg] sk8f d'bf{
a]g]{ sk8f sfqf] . lrk{6 gf) [lrf]kf6f] != blngdfly df6f] c8fpgsf lglDt 5flkg] r]K6f]
bfpf, kmn]s cflb . @= lrf k]sf ;;fgf sf7 jf bfpf . lre{6L gf) [;+)] l3f}Fnfsf cfsfs
Ps hftsf] sfFqmf] l3f}Fn] sfFqmf] ssL .

lr~hLjLlrhLjL lj) [;+)] != bL3{hLjL lrhLjL . gf) @= k'f0fcg';f cd dflgPsf cf7 lr~
Tyfdf, dfs{08]o, aln, Jof;, xg'dfg\, ljeLif0f, s[kfrfo{ kz'fd) . #= lji0f' . $= sf
u . lr gjLg lj) [;+)] hlxn] klg gofF g} b]lvg] ;w}F gofF eOxg] lrg"tg . lr lgb|f gf
)] != d[To' d0f dxflgb|f . lr g"tg lj) [;+)] x]) lrgjLg . lrGtg lj) [;+)] w]} lbg
lvsf] k|frLg sfnb]lvsf] k'ftg ;bfsf] . lrkllrt lj) [;+)] w]} klxn]bl] v klro ePsf]
]sf] w]} cl3b]lvsf] lrghfg ePsf] . lr k|tLlIft lj) [;+)] w]} klxn]b]lv k|tLIff ulPsf]
]} lbgb]lv klv{P a;]sf] . lrkmf gf) [lr\kmf\] != lrg]{ kmfg]{ sfd . @= f]usf] pk
ulg] zNolqmof ck];g . lrla lqm) lj) [c) d") lr\c (l))] uf}FynL, eFu]f cflb ;fgf;
sfpg] lsl;dn] To;L sfPsf] cfjfh lg:sg] uL . > lrla] lj) lrla ug]{ tLvf] :jn] af
oL lj) [;+)] != w]} ;do;Dd xg] kl5;Dd l6Sg] l6sfp lr:y . lr:d0fLo lj) [;+)] w]}
gfdf lxxg] kl5;Dd ;Demg of]Uo . lrfO gf) [lr\ cfO] lrg]{ jf lrg{ nufpg] efj, lqmof jf
lqmof . lrfOtf] gf) [;+) lrft > k|f) lsnftf]] cf}lnof hf]df sfF9f ksfP vfOg], tLtf] :
jfbsf] Ps k|sfsf] h\unL a6L e"lgDa . lrfOg s) lqm) [ lr\ ( cfO g)] lrg{ nfOg . [
pg k|]) lqm) lrg{ nfpg . lrfpgL gf) [lr\ cfpgL] != lrfpFbf nfUg] b:t . @= lrfpg]
gL . lrfslrfu gf) [kmf) lrfu] d8]xfthltsf] sf7 jf afF;df skf;, sk8f a]L t]ndf rf]k]
lng] fFs] aQL d;fn kN7f] fFsf] lbofnf] . lrflrf lqm) lj) [lrf (l))] != sg} s
] jf sfl6g] uL . @= sfFqmf], d]jf cflb 7f8f]klaf6 sf6L w]} lrf] kf] . gf) #= To;L sf
sf lrfsf] ;d"x lrflrL . lrflrL gf) [lrflrf] ;fgf7"nf w]} lrfsf] ;d"x . lrfgL g
f7 cflb lrg]{ sfd sg} j:tnfO{ lrf kfg]{ sfd lrfO . @= To;L lr]sf] Hofnf jf dhbL .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

lrofOlrNnfpg lrofO gf) [ lrl ( ofO)] lrlg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lrofOg s) l
g] uL vjfOg sf]rfOg . lrofpg k|) ] lqm) dg gkLsg k]6 rs{g] uL vjfpg sf]rfpg
g . lrofx6 gf) lrofpg] lqmof, efj jf k|lqmof . lr{ lqm) lj) [c) d") lr\ ] != uf}Fyn
]lagL, eFu]f cflb dl;gf rfr?\uL sfPem}+ uL . @= dl;gf sf7, afF; cflbsf nfDrf 6qmf6f
qmL efFlrFbf cfjfh cfPem}F . lrl;{g c) lqm) [;+) rLTsf g] cTof; jf x8a8Ldf rsf]{ :jn
] sfpg cflQP lrRRofpg rLTsf ug{ . > lr:of{O gf) lrl;{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lr
of{Og s) lqm) lrl;{g] kflg . lr:of{pg k|) ] lqm) lrl;{g] kfg{ . lr:of{x6 gf) lrl
;{g] sfd jf k|lqmof . lrn\g ;) lqm) sldnf], af?nf], df}L, cl\ufn cflb sLfn] lvn ufl8
] uL jf ;fdfGo kn] 6f]Sg 8:g . lrn gf) [;+) lrNn] cfsfzdf dflydfly;Dd sfjf vfFb} pl
8xg] Ps lx+;|s kIfL . ~ cfv ] lj) rLnsf h:tf cfFvf ePsf] rLnh:t} l;sf emD6g tTk x]h:
lx+;s | cfFvf ePsf] . sf] cfxff gf) xfF;, s'v'f cflbnfO{ ufnL ug]{ af]nL . ~ uf8L gf
) cfsfzdf p8\g] rLnh:tf] uf8L xjfO{hxfh . lrnuf]hf gf)x]) lr/uf]hf . lrnlrn lqm) lj
) [c) d") lrn\c (l))] != h'df | , sldnf cflbn] 6f]s]h:tf] uL . @= 5fnf v;v;fpg] lsl
;dn] sGofpg] OR5f x'g] uL ;u;ufP . > lrnlrnfO gf) lrnlrnfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lrnlr
nfOg' s) lqm) lrnlrnfpg] kflg' ;u;ufOg' . lrnlrnfpg' c) lqm) zLdf xn'sf lsl;dn] jf Ps
rf]l6 w]}lt lrnfpg' s]xL lxF8\bf, uufpFbf jf yf]} sf]Sofpg] s'f] vfFbf 5fnfaflx jf
Ldf lrnlrn x'g' ;u;ufpg' . lrnlrnfx6 gf) lrnlrnfpg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . lrnGw lj)
[lrNyf]wf]] kmf6] lry|flry|f eO;s]sf] kftnf] 5gl] alQs} RoflQg] emqf]emfd|f] dl
(sk8f) . lrnlan gf) [lrlxnlalxn] != sg} sf lalu|P jf gfl;P x]g{} g;lsg] ePsf] l:y
lt lrNnLlaNnL larNnL . @= cfkt\ ljkt\ s f] l:ylt lrlxnlalxn . > lrnlanfO gf) lrnlanfp
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lrnlanfOg s) lqm) lrnlan ulg . lrnlanfpg c) lqm) lrnl
an xg] l:ylt kg{ larNnL xg . lrnfO gf) [ lrn\lrnfp ( cfO)] != lrNg] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . @= lrnfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lrnfOg s) lqm) != lrNg nufOg
lrNg] kflg . @= lrnfpg] kflg .
394

lrnfpg c) lqm) [lrn\ cfp g] != zLsf] 5fnf ;s;sfP jf uufP c;lhnf] cgej xg To;
ej xFbf g cflbn] sgfpg dg nfUg lrnlrnfpg . @= vr{ ulxfn"F eGg] OR5f xg vr{ ug]{
OR5f hfu] cfpg (h:tf] xft lrnfpg, k};f lrnfpg O)) . #= lk6\g dg nfUg (h:tf] xT
s]nf lrnfpg) . $= of}glnK;f xg . lrnfpg] gf) [;+) lrn\ cfpg]] != nfDrf kft xg],
af]qmf, em;}em; k]sf], kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg] cdnfsf h:tf af6nf kmn kmNg], 7"nf]
clt ;fx|f] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] v . lj) @= lrnfpg] j:t x]sf] jf ePsf] . ~ f]u gf) rd{f
]u ntf] . lrnflrn gf) [lrn\ cf lrn\] k:kdf jf Psn] csf]{nfO{ lrNg] sfd . lrnfxf lj) [
fp cfxf] lrnfpg] jf lrNg] :jefj ePsf] . lrlnd gf) [kmf) lrnd] leqkl tdfv, sSs8 cflb
xfnL dfl:t cfufn] ;NsfP xSsfdf fvL vfOg] jf e]6\gfdf kft, w:g cflb xfn] tflgg] d
f6fsf] srf}f jf sNkmLh:tf] efF8f] 7"nf] ;Nkmf . ~ Rjf6 gf) gx'g] jf llQg] cj:yf vr{
x'g] l:ylt wf]tL g 6f]kLsf] rfn . > lrlnd] gf) ljz]if uL lxdfnL e]sdf kfOg] tfd]9's
'h:tf] Ps hftsf] rf] . lrn];flrn];L gf) [lrn];f]lrn];f]] ;fgf7"nf w]} lrn];fsf] ;d"x
lrn];f] gf) [k|f) lrlNnl] rfdn, kL7f] cflb cGgleq} hlGdP xs{g], ;]tf] sf] uxFsf]
flxF sfnf] jf ftf] sf] klg xg] ;fgf] sLf] lrN;f] l;n];f] . lrnf] gf) [;+) lrNn] !=
t 5flkP xg] hd|f, e;gf cflb sLfxsf] auGb|f] 5fkf] . @= uxF, hf} cflb cgfhsf] e;
. lrNs] gf) [lrNsf] P] 9u \ fdf 6fFl;P xg], P]gfh:t} lrNn 6Nsg] j:t ce|s . lrNsf] g
[c) d") lrn\ sf]] != rfr?\uL cflbsf] KjfFv gpd|]sf] aRrf] . @= ;fx|} ;fgf] cfsfsf] j
:t . lrNyf] lj) [lrf]] kmf6] emqf] eO;s]sf] yf]qf] sfddf cfpg g;Sg] cj:yfsf] . gf)
@= emqf] sk8f, sfut cflb j:t . lrNn lqm) lj) [c) d") lrn\ n] af?nf], cl\ufn, a5"F cf
lb p8\g] sLfn] lrNbf bVg], kf]Ng] jf 8xg] uL . lrNn gf) [lx) rLn] kl;gfaf6 pTkGg eO{
skfndf jf nufPsf nufdf 6fFl;P xg] dl;gf] sLf] hd|f] . lrNnfO gf) [ lrNnfp ( cfO)] l
fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lrNnfOg s) lqm) lrRRofOg 7"nf] rsf]{ :jn] sfOg . lr
Nnfpg c) lqm) [;+) rLTsf cfp g] 7"nf] :jn] sfpg lrRRofpg . > lrNnfx6 gf) lrNnfpg
lqmof

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

395

lrNnLrLg . lr:ofO gf) [ lrl; ( ofO)] != lrl;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [lr:ofp cfO] @=
lr:ofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lr:ofOg s) lqm) lr;f] kflg . lr:ofpg k|)
] lqm) != lr;f] kfg{ 7G8f tNofpg ;]nfpg . @= z\sf k}bf ufpg 8 jf qf; pAhfpg . l
:ofg gf) [lr;f] ofg] ;w}e F l lr;f] eOxg] 7fpF lr;fg . lr:ofx6 gf) [lr:ofp cfx6] lr:of
lqmof, :jefj jf cj:yf . lrxfg gf) [;+) lrtfwfg] != dbf{ uf8\g] 7fpF d]sf] dfG5] u
fl8Psf] 7fpF . @= dbf{ kf]Ng] jf hnfpg] 7fpF d;fg . lrxfg] lj) [lrxfg P] != lrxfg k
fg]{ nIf0f ePsf] . @= lgwfsf aLrdf x]sf] ;]tf] tffsf aLr sfnf] yf]Knf] xg] (ufO{uf]
?) . ~ 8f8f] gf) lrxfg}lrxfg ePsf] 8fF8f] dbf{ nu] uf8\g] 7fpF (kfvf]) . lrlxlg c
) [;+) rLTsf] cTof; k]sf a]nfdf 7"nf] rsf]{ :jn] sfpg ctflnP jf tl;{P sfpg lrR
> lrlxofO gf) lrlxlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lrlxofOg s) lqm) lrlxlg] kflg . lrlx
 k|) ] lqm) lrlxlg] kfg{ . lrlxofx6 gf) lrlxlg] sfd jf k|lqmof . lrlxnlalxn gf) fd
;Fu nfngkfng ;+If0f gePsf] l:ylt larNnL lrNnLlaNnL lrnlan . lrXg gf) [;+)] != sg} j
t lrGg ;lsg] k jf nIf0f lrg lrgf] lg;fgf . @= Wjhf . #= bfu sn\s . sfL lj) != l
pg] . @= 3fprf]6 ufpg] . wwfL lj) != sg} lsl;dsf] lrXg wf0f ug]{ . @= bfuL sn\sL
lXgt lj) lrXg nfu]sf] lrXgoQm lrg ePsf] . rL k|To) [kmf)] k|fltklbs zAbsf cGtdf nf
u] ljz]if0f kb agfpg] Ps k|Too (sfggrL, gurL{, tanrL O)) . rL gf) [;+) IdLn] != ;f
gf gfgLn] cfFvf lrDng] sfd lrpF ;'tfO gLb . @= ;;fgf gfgLnfO{ ;'Tg] s'f a'emfpg k|of
]u ulg] zAb lggL . ~ rL gf) dl;gf rfr'?
\uL sfPsf] zAb rfr'?
\uLsf] sfO . lqm) lj)
ns sfPem}F jf arf lrlrfPem}F uL . ~ d';L gf) s]6fs]6Lxn] xftdfly xft fvL lrlD6P v]
v]n . rLh! gf) x]) lrh! . rLh@ gf) x]) lrh@ . rL8 gf) x]) lr8 . rLTsf gf) [;+)] 7"nf]
rsf]{ :jn] ctflNnP sfpFbfsf] cfjfh kL8fn] elPsf] lrRofx6 . rLg gf) [;+)] g]kfnb]lv
t x]sf], blIf0fk"j{ Pl;ofsf] Ps k|l;4 7"nf] b]z . > rLgf+zs ' gf) rLgdf ag]sf] ];dL
(lbJo))

jf l:ylt . lrNnL lj) [lrNnf]O{] != lrNnf] j0f{ ePsL lrNnf] 3;]sL . @= d'vn] dL7f s'f
ug]{ . gf) [;+) lrNnO{] #= rLnn] h:t} w]} s]6fs]6L jf ufO{a:t'n] 3] ] Jofs'n kf]sf]
l:ylt . laNnL gf) s;}af6 klg ;xfotf lng g;lsg] l:ylt s] uF, s;f] uFsf] cj:yf laNnLaf
larNnL lahf]s . ~ f8 gf) 5f]f5f]L ePsL law'jf :qL . lrNnf] gf) [;+) lrSs0f] != l3p,
, af];f] cflb l:gUw kbfy{ lrNnf]kg l:gUwtf . lj) @= t]nl3p cflbsf] h:tf] lrNnf] ePs
f] lrKnf] 6Nsg] . ~ 3;fO gf) dvn] 7Ls kfg]{ sf jf klkf7 dL7fdL7f sf uL cfgf] x
Nofpg] sfd v;fdb . rfkNnf] gf) != l3p, t]n cflb l:gUw kbfy{ lrNnf] ePsf] j:t .
@= l:gUwtf . lrNn} gf) ck]lIft j:t gkfpg] l:ylt . lrNnf}L gf) [;+) lrNn cf}L] Ps lx+;
|s kIfL rLn . lrNNofO gf) [ lrNNofp ( cfO)] lrNnf] kfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] lrNNofOg s) lqm) lrNNofpg] kflg lrNnf] kfg{ nufOg . lrNNofpg ;) lqm) [lrNnf] ofp
] lrNnf] kfg{ lrNnf] agfpg lrKnf] agfpg . > lrNNofx6 gf) lrNnf] kfg]{ jf lrNnf]
agfpg] sfd, efj jf cj:yf . lrN;f] gf)x]) lrn];f] . lrjf gf) [r}To ljxf] != ;fgf;fgf :t
"k, r}To, dlGb cflb ePsf] ljxf . @= ;;fgf :t"k cflb . lr;ldf] lj) [lr;f]] clncln lr;f
] cf]l;nf] k]sf] . lr;fg gf) [lr;f] cfg] != ;w}F lr;f] eO/xg] 7fpF jf hUuf . @= lr;f]
kgsf] dfqf . lr;fkfgL gf) [lr;f] kfgL] lr;f] kfgL xg] jf kfOg] 7fpF . ~ u9L gf) !=
sf7df8f}a F f6 eLdkm]bL lg:sFbf aLrdf kg]{ u9L . @= xfn dsjfgk lhNnfdf kg]{ dxfe
ft kj{t z[\vnfdf x]sf] f0ffsfnLg Ps k|l;4 k|zf;gs]Gb| . #= fhwfgL cfpg]hfg]sf] vfgt
@))& ;fnk"j{ sl8s8fpsf ;fy To;kl5 qmdzM vsnf] ulFb} cfPsf] Ps uf}F8f . lrl;g c)
lqm) [lr;f] O g] != lr;f] xg . @= leHg . #= cf]l;g . $= ;]nfpg . lr;f] lj) [;+)
zLt] != tftfsf] c+z k6Ss} gePsf] kfgL glgy|]sf] 7G8f ag]sf] gcf]afPsf] . @= hf8f]
xg] vfnsf] l7lxofpFbf] . #= ltvf{ dg]{ zLtn . $= :jf:Yos . gf) %= ;bL{ cf]; 7G8fkg
f]kg . ^= cN5L (lbJo)) . &= z\sf ;Gb]x . ~ 5kgL gf) lnDahfltsf ;efdf rflxg] hfF8 5f
Ggsf lglDt wf]O{kvfnL lr;f] kflPsf] 5kgL . ~ 9\uf] gf) zlQmxLg xFb} uPsf] fHo ;]nfP
sf] fHo

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

rLgfrsrs sk8f lrlgofF ];dL sk8f . rLgf gf) x]) lrgf! . rLgL lj) x]) lrgL! . rLkm lj
x]) lrkm . rL gf) [;+)] != sk8f j:q . @= sk8fsf] wf] j:qsf] 6qmf . #= af}4 leIfxn]
nufpg] u]?jf j:q . $= kmfug zSn ci6dLsf lbg sf7df8f}Fsf] j;Gtkdf ln\uf] uf8] 6fF
lug] sk8fsf] whf . %= ltg} whfx 6fFluPsf] ln\uf] . x0f gf) != s[i0fn] uf]lkgLxsf] j:
nsfOlbPsf] k|;\u ePsf] Ps k|l;4 nLnf . @= sk8f x0f ug]{ sfd . rLj gf) [;+)] != j:q
sk8f . @= af}4 ;GGof;Lxn] dflyNnf] c\udf nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . > rLjL gf) != rLj n
fpg] JolQm . @= af}4 leIf af}4 ;GGof;L . #= leIfs . r F gf) [c) d") r"] F != d
;f, 5rGb|f cflb sfPsf] zAb . @= rfr?\uLx sfPsf] cfjfh . #= s]xL klg af]Ng jf ug{ g
;lsg] l:ylt rF . r F gf) d;f, 5rG  b|f, rfr?\uL cflb nuftf sfPsf] zAb . rS
) lj) [c) d") r's F \ s] != ;fgf] :jdf s;};u F v';'Ss s]xL eGg vf]h]em}F 8 jf ;
\sf]r
n] s]xL la:tf} af]Ng] uL . gf) @= d';fsf] sfO d';f] sfpFbfsf] cfjfh . r'uL gf) [lx)
L] ;xL If]qdf aflxaf6 cfpg] dfn;fdfgdf nfUg] jf lnOg] dx;'n :yfgLo s/ r'
u \ L. r'uf]
) != kfgL jf tn kbfy{ xflng] afF;sf] efF8f] . @= 2L vfnsf wft'sf] k'fgf] efF8f] . r
'8 \ g ;) lqm) [r08 g] sg} j:tnfO{ l5gfn] bO{ 6qmf kfg{ rF8fNg . > r8fO
r'F8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . r'8fOg' s) lqm) r'F8\g nufOg' . r'8fpg' k|]) lqm) r'
F8\g] ufpg' r'F8\g nufpg' . r'8fn\g ;) lqm) [rF8\ cfn\ g] 8f]L jf tfnfO{ l5gfn]
f kfg{ rF8\g . > r8fnfO gf) r'F8fNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . r'8flng' s) lqm) r'F8fNg]
sfd ulg' . r'8 fxf lj) [r'F8\cfxf] r'8 F g \ ] jf r'lF 8g] :jefjsf] . r'l8g' s) lqm
[r'F8\Og'] != r'8 F g \ ] sfd ulg' . c) lqm) @= l5Gg' b'O{ 6'qmf x'g' . \ ] 7fpF7fpF
df wfufn] rg ] af jf 8f]fh:tf] rb L gf) [r'g) agfOPsf]
n]
fOPsf] k6'sf, wf]
sk8f . a' ] lj) r'FbLsf h:tf a'f ePsf] 5]p jf aLraLrdf af kflPsf] (sk8f) . rM
[c) d")] cfZro{, lj:do cflb hgfpFbf k|of]u ulg] cJoo zAb . rM lj) af]) e"n ePsf],
lal;{Psf], lalu|Psf] cflb ljifodf bMv, v]b cflb k|s6 ubf{ jf k5tf] hgfpFbf k|
of]u ulg] zAb .
396

rO lqm) lj) [c) d")] != r'S F s r'F . gf) @= r'Os F b F f jf c:ki6 af]Nbf lg:sg]
zAb . r'Os g c) lqm) [rOS F s g] != c:ki6 kdf bMv jf kL8fsf] cgej JoQm xg f]
;? xg . @= rOFrOF zAb lg:sg . > rOs g] lj) r'Os F g] sfd ug]{ jf To:tf] :j
efjsf] fO gf) r'Or F O ' F ug]{ (h:tf] r'OFr'OF r'OFsg] h'Qf) . r'Os r'Os F g] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . r'Os fOg' s) lqm) r'Os F g] kflg' . r'Os fpg' k|) ] lqm) r'Os F
g] kfg'{ . r'Os fx6 gf) r'Os F g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . r'Ol sg' c) lqm) r'Os F
g' . r'Os L gf) != ;sfL pbL{ jf 3f]if0ff . @= f0ffzf;gdf ;sfaf6 hgtfnfO{ s'g} sfd
xf lbgsf nflu k|rlnt pbL{ jf kmdf{g ;gfpg] sfd . rOs ] lj) [r'Os F P] r'Os F g]
:jefjsf] r'Or F O ' F ug]{ . tfg gf) elof jf 9fq]mxsf] tfFtL . r'OS s lqm) lj) [c
") r'OFs\s] != r'OFs\ cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= s'g} s'fdf hjfkm lbg g;Sg] kf] n'qS 's. #=
';f cflb sfPem}F uL r'FSs . r'OS ofO gf) [ r'OS ofp (cfO)] r'OFSofpg] lqmof jf k|
. [ > ] r'OS ofOg' s) lqm) r'OS F ofpg] sfd ulg' . r'OS ofpg ;) lqm) [rOFSs ofp
= a];L s:g jf afFWg . @= sdf kfg{ . #= ux|f}F efL af]Sg . rOr'O lqm) lj) [c) d")
r'OF (l))] != r'OF cfjfh afa cfpg] uL . @= d';f sfPh:tf] cfjfh lg:s] jf lgsfn] . r'O
f) != rfdn kL7f] ld;fO{ kmTsfP ksfOPsf] ds}sf] eft . @= ds}sf] eft . r'Oof lj) cfgf]
rflxF s]xL lgsfNg gkf];\ eGg] cToGt nf]eL sGh'; s[k0f lsG6f]sL . r's\g ;) lqm) [k|
Ss] != sg} sfdsf ubf{ e"n ug{ lafpg uNtL ug{ . @= df}sf udfpg . #= ckfw ug{ .
$= la;{g . rs! gf) [;+) Rot] \ uNtL xg hfg] sfd lafd e"n . rs@ gf) [;+) rqm] cl
dnf hftsf kmn lgrf]] ; ksfO{ afSnf] kflPsf] j:t, rs cldnf] . ~ cldnf] lj) rsh:tf]
cldnf] Hofb} cldnf] . ~ 3f]lK6P h:tf] lj) st} s]xL gb]lvg] afSnf] uf9f (cFWoff]) . r
srs lqm) lj) [c) d") rs \ c (l))] != e"n jf k5tf] xFbf dvaf6 zAb lg:s]em}F uL r
srsfpg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= emsems ;Gb]x . > rsrsfO gf) rsrs ug]{ efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . rsrsfOg s) lqm) rsrs nfUg] xg . rsrsfpbf] lj) != snsn k]sf] slnn
f] . @= dfofnfUbf] xnfUbf] snkbf]{ . r'sr'sfpg' ;) lqm) != r'sr's ug'{ ysysL dfGg' k
f] nfUg' . @= k|z; + f ug'{ ;x|fpg' . r'sr'sL gf) k5'tf] kZrfQfk ysysL .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

397

r'sGbr'6\g aGgsf nflu ulg] rfs8L . ~ rfSnL gf) rSnL nufP cfk"m hftL xg ulPsf] sfd
sf{sf] kf]n nufP cfk"m ;flvnf] xg] sfd jf k|oTg . r\uf gf) [t) ruf] zLdf nufpFbf
dfl:taf6 uf]nLufF7f;Dd cfpg], Ps k|sfsf] vsnf] nuf rf]Fuf . ru \ L gf) != /a/xsf]
uR5f agfP/ vfn] pkmfb}{ v]lng] v]n . @= x]) ru F L. rrL gf) != cfOdfO{sf b"wsf
] dG6f] :tgsf] rRrf] . rrf rrL gf) [rrf] rrL] ;fgf7"nf rrf jf 6fsfxs
r  L gf) [rrf] O{] 6fsf] jf rrf]sf] ;fgf] k ;fgf] rrf] . rr  f] gf) [;
f8sf] rlnP uPsf] lz 6fsf] 8fF8fsf] 6Kkf] rf]6L . rlRrg c) lqm) [rRrf] O g] t
kms] dfl:tsf] efu ;fFulFb} hfg rRrf] xg . rRr] lj) [rRrf] P] rRrf] k]sf] r
ePsf] rlRrPsf] 6Kkf] efu tLvf] k]sf] . ~ s]nf] gf) emLgf] vfnsf] a]nf] kf\u|f k
ft xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg] Ps nxf] tsfL, crf cflb vfOg] leq sfnf laofF aflx sfF8f
g] To;}sf] rRr] kmn s]nf] . ~ s6f] gf) vGg] efudf rRrf] k]sf] Ps k|sfsf] xltof s
. ~ rf] gf) nfdf] tLvf] rRrf] xg] Ps hftsf] rf] rfFr . ~ 6fon gf) lemFu6Lsf] 5fg
sgfdf flvg] svfsf] 6fpsfsf] cfsfsf] rRr] 6fon . ~ afd gf) dvlt rRrf] k]sf] nfd
] df]6f] hftsf] afd df5f] . aRr] lj) rRrf] k]sf] h:tf] b]lvP klg aRrf] nfUg] rR
r] eP klg k8s \ f] . rRrf] gf) [;+) r~r] != rfr?\uLxsf] dvsf] 6Kkf] . @= xnf],
snd cflbsf cufl8sf] tLvf] efu . lj) #= tLvf] k]sf] nfDrf] rf];f] k]sf] . rRRofO gf)
[ rlRr ( ofO)] rlRrg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rRRofOg s) lqm) rRrf] xg]
kflg . rRRofpg ;) lqm) rRrf] kfg{ tLvf] agfpg tNnf] efub]lv dfl:tsf] efu ;fF3
] kfb}{ n}hfg . r6\g ;) lqm) [;+) r6] != xft, vf, nf}f], 9\uf cflbn] s;}nfO{ lk
6\g s6g \  uf]bg \  esg{ . @= r6 ] emfg{ 76fpg (tf]L, wfg, ds} cflb) . > r6
f6 gf) a];L r6g \ ] jf lk6\g] sfd ljz]if lsl;dsf] r6fO lk6kf6 . r6lk6 gf) s6lk6 d
k6 . r6fO gf) r6g \ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . r6fOg s) lqm) r6g \ nufOg r6g
\ ] kflg . r6fpg k|) ] lqm) r6g \ nufpg r6g \ ] kfg{ . r6fr6 gf) k:kdf r6g
] sfd lk6flk6 . rl6g s) lqm) r6g \ ] sfd ulg r6fO vfOg . r6j  f lj) != eOd
F f 7f]s ] jf nf7f], du \ f |]

rsGb gf) [kmf)] ufh jf d"nfsf 9asf], sfFr} jf ksfP vfOg], Ps k|sfsf] ulnof], k|foM
tf] sGbd"n . rsfO gf) [ rs\ ( cfO)] != rSg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [rsfp cfO] @=
rsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rsfOg s) lqm) != rSg] jf e"n ug]{ kflg .
@= rStf kflg ltlg . rsfpgL gf) [rs cfpgL] != bxL, dxL cflbdf aff, kmf}nf cflb
f;d]t xfn] ksfOPsf] cldnf] vfB j:t . @= bxL xfn] agfOPsf] cfnsf] cldnf] crf . rs
fpg ;) lqm) [rStf cfp g] != rStf ug{ lg kmR5] ug{ ;dfKt ug{ 6\Uofpg . [rs
k|) ] lqm) @= rSg] kfg{ rSg nfpg emSSofpg . rsfgL gf) [rs cfgL] rsfpgL . r
lsg s) lqm) [rs\ O g] e"ndf klg e"n ulg . rlsnf] lj) [rs Onf]] rsh:tf] cldnf]
:jfbsf] . rsn  gf) [g]jf) rs] " != sg} j:tnfO{ Kjfndf xfNbf vfnL x]sf efudf
bx|f] sl;nf];Fu 7f]lsg] sf7 . @= ofn9f]sf cflb gvf]lng] kfg{ leqklaf6 h8] nufOg] ;f
wg . #= Kjfn k]sf 7fpFdf 6fNg 7f]lsg] sf7sf] 6qmf] Kjfn 6fNg] j:t l7F8\sf] . rs]
d;f] gf) [rSs d;f]] 5rG  b|f] rS F s ug]{ d;f] . rlSsg c) lqm) [rs\ O g] sf7
F6, l;d]G6 cflbsf j:t rs{g lrlg km6\g . > rSSofO gf) rlSsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. rStf gf) [k|f) rSs] km5f}{6 kmRr] rStL . rStL gf) ;a} km5f}{6 fd|} l5gfkmfg
Stg c) lqm) [rStL g] != rStL xg kml5{g ltlg . @= k"f xg 6l\ ug . rStL
) rSsL] != s;};u F lnPsf] jf s;}nfO{ lbgkg]{ ?lkofFk};f cflbsf] eStfgL ePsf] c
j:yf lg kml5{g] jf km5f{pg] sfd km5f}6 { kmRr] . @= ;dflKt vtd . rsTofO gf) [ r
)] != rlQmg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [rSTofp cfO] @= rSTofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . [ > ] rSTofOg s) lqm) rStf ulg . rSTofpg ;) lqm) rStf ug{ km5f{pg . r
qm gf) [;+)] cldnf] tj ePsf] kmn lgrf]] ksfO{ afSnf] kfL agfPsf] n]bf] kbfy{ cldnf]
s . > rqmfDn gf) rscldnf] ksfP rs kflPsf] cldnf] rs . rSnL gf) [kmf) runL] csf{
f ljifodf s;}l;t ulPsf] gfd|f] sf] ePgePsf] sf] nufpg] sfd kf]n 5NofOF 5:s]f
SnL jf kf]n nufpg] 5Nofxf 5;L . ~ rfs8L gf) csf{sf] kf]n nufpFb} cfk"m hftL

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

r6s \ frgf}6f] cflbn] r6] emflPsf] (cGg) . gf) @= r6 ] jf s6 ] emflPsf] cGg . r
s \ f gf) [r6 \ sf] != ;fgf;fgf 6Ssf r6l\ snf lv:;f . \ snf] lj) != 5f]6f], 5ltf]
l6Sssf] . @= r8s \ f . > r6l gf) @= To:tf] af]nL jf sf] . #= sg} dgf]~hs jf 3t
nfUbf] sf] r6\lsnf] . r6\sL gf) != a"9L cf}Fnf dfemL cf}Fnf hf]8L k8\sfP lgsflng]
cfjfh r8\sL . @= ;fx|} yf]} ;do l5g . r7 \ g c) lqm) xft, dv cflbdf nfu]sf] h"7f
] kfgLn] kvfNg dv sNnf cflb ug{ . > r7fO gf) r7g \ ] lqmof jf k|lqmof . r7f
Og s) lqm) r7\g nfOg . r7fpg k|) ] lqm) r7g \ nfpg . r7j  f gf) r7\g] efF
8f] sf]kf . r8ff] gf) 9\uf kmf]g]{ sFb\g] jf 9\ufsf efF8fsF8f agfpg] sdL{ nf]x
f]xf . r8]n gf) [lx)] != b?:t t?gL cfOdfO{sf] :jk sNkgf ulPsL k|]t gfL lsrsGgL lkz
gL . @= ;fx|} bi6 :jefjsL cfOdfO{ sk 3[l0ft :qL . r8s \ f gf) [r6s \ f] != 5f]6
f] nodf l56l56f] ufOg] rfF8rfF8f] lj>fd ulg] Ps k|sfsf] nf]suLt . @= To;}sf] no jf
efsf . #= r6s \ f . > r8l \ snf] lj) x]) r6l\ snf] . r8s \ L gf) x]) r6\sL .
r8\s] gf) != kfpdf cf7 dfqfb]lv lnP afx| dfqf;Dd xg] Ps vfnsf] f]Onf nf]suLt . l
j) @= r8\sL ahfpg] . rt gf) [;+)] dn TofUg] c\u ubf dnf . > rltof lj) != tR5
6 . gf) @= uPuh|]sf] tR5 JolQm . rTs]rTsf] lj) [tn) ;bvf]] != ;fx|} nf]eL sGh;
rOofF dSvLr; . @= w]} gfkmf vfg] . (pbf) gfkmf vfg] rTs]rTsf] ;fpF;d]t kmTs]kmT
sf] . pvfg) . rlTyg c) lqm) [rTyf] O g] != rTyf] xg ;a}eGbf kl5 kg{ . @= ckdfl
t xg xf]lrg . rTyf] lj) [;+) rTy] != ;a}eGbf kl5 k]sf] ceGbf lgDg bhf{df x]sf] .
@= sfd gnfUg] a]sDdf 2L . rTYofO gf) [ r'lTy (ofOF)] r'lTyg] rfn r'Tyf]kg . [ > ]
fO gf) r'lTyg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . r'TYofOg' s) lqm) r'Tyf] kflg' . r'TYofpg' k|
) ] lqm) r'Tyf] kfg'{ kl5 kg]{ agfpg' . r'Tofxf lj) [r'tofxf] != gLr lsl;dsf] cfrfljr
f jf zLn:jefj ePsf] . gf) @= To:tf] JolQmnfO{ ufnLsf kdf k|of]u ulg] zAb . rqf] gf)
kftdf sfF8f xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg], gLnf] sf] ulnof] kmn xg], Ps k|sfsf] sfF8f
bf af]6 To;}sf] kmn . ryf | ] gf) dl;gf vfnsf kft xg], ftLu]8LeGbf ;]v 7"nf
398

kmn kmNg] n]sdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] eOFemf . rg \ g ;) lqm) [;+) rog] != 3f]6, snk c
flb u]sf sk8fnfO{ sg} ;fwgff vDrfvDrf kfg{ dhf kfg{ vfFRg . @= cfgf] cfTdfn]
] f] j:t jf JolQmnfO{ dtkq v;fn] jf cGo sg} k|lqmofn] 5fGg f]Hg . #= l6Kg . r
g gf) [;+) r"0f{] != kfg, v}gL cflbdf xfn] vfOg] ;]tf] j:t . @= l;kL, 9\uf cflb
kf]n] agfOPsf], 3 kf]Tg] sfd lnOg] ;]tf] w"nf] . ~ vfgL gf) r"g agfpg] 9u \ f lemSg
] jf To:tf 9\ufx kfOg] 7fpF . ~ 9u \ f] gf) kf]n ] r"g agfOg] 9\uf] . ~ kfgL gf)
ldl;Psf] kfgL rGofxf kxf]af6 aUg] kfgL . ~ eL gf) r"g9u \ f kf]n ] r"g agfpg] eL
gf gf) x]) rFbL . rgf gf) != kfg, v}gL cflbdf ldnfP vfOg], 9\uf, l;kL cflb kf]n]
fOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] ;]tf] w"nf] ;f]xL w"nf] kfgLdf oflnPsf] ;]tf] afSnf] tn j:t . @=
zLsf] sg} efu jf sk8f vlDrP ]v}]vf jf u}uf k]sf] l:ylt . #= 3sf] uff] jf leQf]
] ;]tf] w"nf] r"g . rgfO gf) [ rg\ ( cfO)] rGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rgf
Og s) lqm) rGg nfOg rlgg] kflg . rgfp gf) [ rg\ ( cfp)] != hgdtff sg} :yfg j
f lglDt of]Uo JolQm 5fGg] sfd lgjf{rg . @= cfk"mnfO{ dg k]sf] j:t 5fGg] sfd rog rg
fj . [ > ] rgfpg k|) ] lqm) rGg nufpg rlgg] kfg{ . rgff] gf) sf7 sFb] To;sf e
fF8fsF8fx agfpg] sfd ug]{ Ps hflt rFbff] rgff] . rgfj gf) rgfp lgjf{rg . rlgnf]
r"g Onf]] rgsf] h:tf] :jfb ePsf] rsf]{ ltSv . rgL lj) [rg\ O{] rlgPsf] rGg] sfd e
] . ~ pv gf) xlof] 8fF7 xg] ljz]if k|sfsf] ;bf pv . rgfp lj) 3f]6, snk nufP r
uL tof kflPsf] rgLjL 7Ls agfOPsf] . rg] 9u \ f] gf) [ r"g9u \ f]] != r"g agfpg
cfpg] 9\uf] r"gsf] c+z x]sf] 9\uf] . @= r"gh:tf] ;]tf] 9\uf] . rg]L gf) [r"g P
sn]hL kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf] k"mn . rgf]6! gf) [rg \ c
f]6] != cfgf] cle?lrsf] ljifo 5fGg] sfd 5gf]6 . @= rGg] sfd jf k|lqmof lgjf{rg . r
gf]6@ gf) [rg \ cf]6] != 3, dlGb cflbdf r"g kf]Tg] sfd rgf nufpg] sfd . @= r"gn] k
f]t]sf] 3 . rgf}6f] gf) [r"g cf}6f], ;+) r"0f{k6] r"g fVg] efF8f] jf af .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

399

rgf}tLrDdf sg} j:t . $= efF8f kof{Kt ePsfn] 5} flvPsf] geP ld;fP fv] klg xg] j:
t . reS  of{O gf) [ rel  s{ ( ofO)] rel s{g] jf res  f]s { f] dfqf lbg] sfd
eOxg] lqmofk|lqmof yf]yf]} dfqfdf lbg] sfo{ . [ > ] reS  of{Og s) lqm) res  f]s
{ f kdf lbOg jf flvg . reS  of{pg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) res  f]{ kfg{ nufpg res
 f]s { f kdf lbg jf fVg . rd \ g ;) lqm) [;+) rDag] != dfof jf :g]xn] csf ufnf,
cf]7 cflbdf rDag ug{ DjfOF vfg rDdf lng . @= :kz{ ug{ 5g . #= cfk"mlt lvRg]
u0f xg . rdhd|f ] gf) [;+) rd{os " ] x]) rdhd|f] . rdgf gf) [d})] dw]; laxfs
f s]xL hfltsf rngcg;f ltgsf ljjfxdf s]6ftkm{sfn] s]6Ltkm{sfnfO{ lbgkg]{ Ps k|sfs
f] b:t kf]N6f] sgf}tL rdfg rDgf . rdfO gf) [ rd\ ( cfO)] rDg] efj, lqmof jf k|
. [ > ] rdfOg s) lqm) rDg nufOg rDg] kflg . rdfpg k|) ] lqm) rDg nufpg rD
g] kfg{ . rdfg gf) [;+) rDag] rdgf kf]N6f] sgf}tL . rdfjg gf)x]) rjfg . rdfxf
lj) [rd\ cfxf] rDg] sfd ug]{ rDg rfxg] . rldg s) lqm) [rd \ O g] rDg] sfd ulg
Ddf lnOg . rdls{g c) lqm) [c) d") rds | \ O g] vlDrP jf ;s ] rfpL kg{ rfd
g . > rdS  of{O gf) rdl s{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rdSof{Og s) lqm) rd
ls{g] kflg . rdS  of{pg k|) ] lqm) rdl s{g] kfg{ . rdS  of{x6 gf) rdl s
{g] lsl;d, lqmof jf cj:yf . rdSof{xf lj) rdls{g] :jefjsf] . rdj  f lj) [rd \
pjf] rDg] sfd ug]{ (JolQm) . rlDsg c) lqm) [c) d") rds | \ O g] != rdS  s k
g{ rfpL kg{ . @= xtf]T;fx xg lg?T;flxt xg . > rDSofO gf) rlDsg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . rDSofOg s) lqm) rdS  s kflg . rDSofpg k|) ] lqm) rdS  s kfg{
. rDSofx6 gf) rdS  s kg]{ lsl;d, jf sfd . rDSofxf lj) rdS s kg]{ vfnsf] . r
Das gf) [;+)] != kmnfdnfO{ cfk"mlt tfGg] cfsif{s tj ljBt\zlQmoQm kbfy{ . @= cksfGtd
0f . lj) #= rDag ug]{ DjfOF vfg] rDag lng] . $= cgfuL k|]dL . > rDasLo lj) rDasd
f xg] rDas;DaGwL rDas k|z:t dfqfdf ePsf] . rDagrDaf gf) [;+)] != DjfOF vfg] sfd r
Dag ug]{ lqmof . @= :kz{ 5jfO . > rlDat lj) DjfOF vfOPsf] . rDaL lj) DjfOF vfg]
(JolQm) . rDdf gf) [;+) rDaf] DjfOF rDag .

rgf}tL gf) [lx)] s;}nfO{ sg} ljifodf lbOg] pQ]hs cfXjfg xfFs nnsf . rGofO gf) [ r
ofp ( cfO)] rgf kfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rGofOg s) lqm) rgf kflg dHofOg
. rGofpg ;) lqm) [rg \ ofp g] rgf kg]{ sfd ug{ dhf kfg{ dHofpg vDrf kfg{ .
rk gf) af]Nb} gaf]nL a:g] l:ylt df}g wf0f ug]{ lqmof df}g . rfk gf) != s]xL klg gaf
nLsg xg] l:ylt rfkrk . lqm) lj) rfnrn s]xL guL df}gtfl;t gaf]nLsg . rkf gf) [c) d
rk \ cf] != lzdf t]n xfn] xTs]nfn] ykyk 7f]Sg] sfd . @= hLpdf t]n 3:g] sfd t]n nufpg
] sfd . > rkfg { ;) lqm) tfndf t]n xfn] xTs]nfn] 7f]Sb} rkrk zAb lgsfNg tfnd
f t]n 7f]Sg . > rkffO gf) rkfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . rkflg s) lqm) rkfg]{ sfd u
lg . rlkr08fn lj) w"t{, rDa, 5", Hofb} rnfv, rt, sk6L . rlkrNnf] gf) [lrKnf] lrNn
]] != sfusf] h:tf] agf]6 k]sf] t ;fgf] cfsfsf] Ps r~rn kIfL lra] . lj) @= zLdf t
Fbf nr]k|f] ag]sf] t]nn] hLp leh]sf] t]n a9L eP RofkRofk ePsf] . rkL gf) [g]jf)] !=
sb{sf cfsfsf] t s]xL kftlnP nfdf] xFb} uPsf] wflnf] xltof . @= sf7 cflb sf6\g] 6Kk
fsf] kl5Nnf] efu gx]sf] kmnfd] ;fwg . rKk lqm) lj) [c) d") rk \ k] != rDag ubf
{ zAb cfpg] uL . gf) @= DjfOF rKkf . rk | g ;) lqm) afnsnfO{ zL nr]kf | ] xGh]n t
n nufpg . > rkf | O gf) rk|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . rk|fOg s) lqm) rk|g] kflg .
rkf | pg k|) ] lqm) rkg | ] kfg{ . rlk|g  c) lqm) rk|g] xg t]n nufpg] sfd
xg . ra  ra  gf)lqm) lj) x]) re  re  . ras  {] gf) k]6df csf;] sf]
ftL xg], ;fgf] Vofp6] Ps hftsf] rf] . ras  f] { gf)x]) res  f]{ . re  re 
f) != w]} glbO{ cNk dfqfdf lbg] sfo{ ra  ra  . lqm) lj) @= yf]yf]} dfqfdf clncl
5:; . #= 3L3L afDaf . rel  s{g c) lqm) [resf]{ O g] != yf]}yf]} xg . @=
]yf]} cGg xflnPsf] xg . res  f] { gf) [c) d") rk\ sf]] != lbFbf, afF8\bf jf fVbf
f] cNk dfqf rasf]{ . @= ;a} efF8f pkof]uL j:txn] elO{, fVg] c efF8f] gkfOgfn] To;}
pk]lIft cNkpkof]uL j:t . #= kmfNg dfof nfu]sfn] dfq flvPsf] t kmfn] klg xg]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

rdS | srnf rDsf rdS | s lqm) lj) [c) d") rds | \ s] != rfplP ;fFuf] eP;l .
zlQmxLg eP kf>oL aGg] uL . rDn gf) [ef]) a) (ln))] != sg} ljrfljdz{sf nflu a;]sf]
f . @= ljf]wk|bz{g ulPsf] hn; . r lj) != l;n] cfsn ePsf] qmf]wn] cfuf] ePsf] . @
k]sf] lg:nf]6 ePsf] . #= ysfOn] ;fx|} lzlyn cfn:o jf lgb|fn] u|:t . gf) $= s6] jf l
kFw] w"nf]kL7f] kflPsf] j:t . r lqm) lj) w"nf]kL7f] xg] uL . rr lqm) lj) [c)
c (l))] rfr?\uL cflb sfpFbfsf] cfjfh lg:s] lrlr . > rrfO gf) rr ug]{ lqm
rrfOg c) lqm) rr cfjfh lgsflng . rrfpgrrlg c) lqm) rfr?\uL cflbs
ng . rd gf) != qmf]w jf l;sf] cfj]u . @= eml{Psf j:t wNofpFbf cfpg] cfjfh jf Wj
lg . #= hd hsds . lj) $= qm4 cfsn . rdlg c) lqm) rd xg jf kflg . r
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rdofOg s) lqm) != rdlg] kflg . @= sdofOg . rdo
m) != ;s]sf] jf emf] j:t ;dfP wNofpg . @= pDsg g;Sg] uL ;dfpg jf s;] afFWg sd
fpg . rdofx6 gf) rdofO . rf gf) [;+) r"8fr"0f{] x]) rf] . rfp6] gf) [r
lt . rfrL gf) [rf rL] != ;fgf7"nf rfxsf] ;d"x . @= rf rf;dfgsf c uxgf .
!= g'grsf]{ . @= cToGt l; p7]sf] . r'lg c) lqm) [c) d") r\ O g] != sg} sfd ug{sf
Dt kmtL{ lemSg . @= l;n] leqleq} hNg . #= ;lg . > rofO gf) rlg] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . rofOg s) lqm) rlg] kflg . rofpg k|) ] lqm) rlg] kfg{ . rofx6 gf
jf rofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . rofxf lj) rlg] vfnsf] . rL! gf) [rf] O, ;+) r"l8sf
f] rf] rf] . rL@ gf) [;+) zf}o] { cfF6, ;fx; (h:tf] rLkmL) . ~ uf7f] gf) uf
sR {' rfb]lv dflysf b'O6f kf
\uf | . k'mL gf) != k'mtL{kmftL{ tfpdfp . @= zlQm tfut
k'm;|f] wfs lagl;lQsf] jfkm . r'?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") r'?s\s] != r'dS '| s . @= t'?S
s . #= rSs . r'?Dkmf gf) [ef]) a)] != dfl:tsf d'G6fsf] tsfL vfg x'g] Ps k|sfsf] h
\un
n}FrL . @= d'nfod pmgaf6 ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] afSnf] e'jfbf cf]9\g] . #= ;udfyf c~rnsf
] vf]6f
lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 n]sfnL 8fF8f] .
400

r' ] gf) [;+) r"8f  r'r ' f]] dxfeft kj{tz[
\vnf leqL dw];eGbf blIf0flt tfO{sf]
sf] afn'jfdo df6f] ;f]xf]lOxg] xf]rfxf]rf kxf8xsf] Ps z[\vnf lzjflns rnfrnL . ~ kx
f) r]sf] kj{tz[v \ nf (r] ]Gh) . rf] gf) [rf lt) sf)] != wft, sfFr cflbaf6 tof
], ljz]if uL cfOdfO{xn] gfLdf nufpg], af6nf cfsfsf] uxgf . @= sf7leq x]sf] ue] efu
. #= km{ kms]sf] w"nf] kbfy{ . rf]6 gf) [c\) z]?6] kftnf] sfutsf] 9\u|f]df ;tL{s
f] w"nf] eL, a]] ldl;gn] tof ulPsf] w"d|kfg ulg] j:t (l;u]6) . rf}6L gf) [rL c
sf klZrdL kxf8xdf rf a]r ] hLljsf ug]{ d;ndfghfltn] af]Ng] efiff rf}6] efiff . r
] gf) [rf cf}6] ] rf a]r ] hLljsf ug]{ g]kfnL d;ndfg hflt . :qL) rf}l6gLrf}6g ]
~ efiff gf) rf}6n ] ] af]Ng] efiff rf}6L . rs {] lj) [rsf] { P] != emu8f ug{sf l
lDt lgxF vf]Hg] afg] :jefjsf] . @= 5:SofOF ug]{ 5s5s] 5Nofxf . rsf] { lj) [c) d
") r \ sf]] != lgs} yf]} clnslt . gf) @= rasf]{ cNk dfqf . #= ;fgf]ltgf] emu8f jf
afemf] . $= 5s5s]kg 5:SofOF . rSof{O r'Sof{x6 gf) [r's {] ofOFofx6] != emu8fn'kg
'Nofxf rfn . @= 5':s]f] rfn jf afgL 5':SofOF . r'gf{ gf) [;+) r"0f{] != k]6df kg]{,
wfuf]h:tf] cfsfsf] x'g], 5f]6f ;fgf, ;]tf sLf . @= ;;fgf s]6fs]6L e'fe'L . r'l{g
m) [r"\ O g] l;n] r" xg rlg . > rof{O gf) rl{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ro
) rl{g] kflg . rof{pg k|) ] lqm) rl{g] kfg{ . rof{x6 gf) rl{g] sfd jf lsl;d
f{xf lj) rl{g] vfnsf] . rnd { gf) [;+) r"8fGt] kfgLdf k"} 8Ag] sfo{ . rnd {
qm) lj) kfgLdf 6kL;Dd 8Ab} lg:sFb} ulx] . > rnD { d lqm) lj) != Ps}kN6 kfgLdf 6
kL;d]t 8Ag] uL . gf) @= To;L 8Abf lg:sg] zAb . rnan gf) != r~rn :jefj 5s5s] rf
nf rsrs] afgL . @= v]Ng] af]Ng] sfd . > rnanfO gf) rnan ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof
. rnanfOg s) lqm) rnan ulg . rnanfpg c) lqm) != rnan ug{ r~rn aGg 5s5s
ug{ . @= cfgGbn] y}y} xg . rnanfx6 gf) rnan ug]{ sfd, lsl;d jf cj:yf rna
nL . rnanL gf) rnan ug]{ :jefj r~rn k|jl[ Q rsrs] rfnf . rnan ] lj) rnan ug]
{ :jefjsf] r~rn] rsrs] . rnf rDsf gf) vfg]sf ksfpgsf lglDt agfOPsf rnf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

401

rnfrnLr:sf] r]K6f] 8f]L jf :qLhfltsf] s]z . @= rN7fsf] ;fgf] k ;fgf] rN7f] . ~

ef6f] gf) 5fgf] 5fO;s]kl5 cGtdf wL s:g k|of]u ulg] ef6f] . rN7] lj) [rN7f] P] != r
N7f]h:tf] rN7f] ePsf] rN7f]jfnf . @= rN7f]h:t} kL km]blt 7"nf] 6Kkflt ;fFulb}
f], afnf nfUg], Ps hftsf] af:gfbf dl;gf] wfg . ~ uf7f] gf) != bfDnfdf bfDn} ufF:tfv
]l kflg] ufF7f] . @= r'N7f] afl6;s]kl5 kflg] ufF7f] . r'N7f] gf) [;+) r"n7f]] tLg cfF
7f jf kfFr cfF7f kf] af6]sf], cfOdfO{sf s]zflzsf] n'8 F f] j]0fL . > r'N7fO gf) r'N7f
kfg]{ sfo{ . r'N7fOg' s) lqm) r'N7f] kfg]{ sfo{ ulg' . r'N7fpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) r'
7f] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nufpg' . r'N7fx6 gf) r'N7fO . r'NofO gf) [ r'ln (ofO)] != r'lng] lq
of jf k|lqmof . [r'NofpcfO] @= r'Nofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] r'NofOg' s) lqm)
r'nL kflg' r'Nofpg] sfd ulg' . r'Nofpg' ;) lqm) r'nL kfg'{ e'm;L agfpg' . r'Nx]qf] gf
x]) r'nq ] f] . r'Nxf] gf)x]) r'nf] . r'jf gf) [;+) r"t] b'lwnf nfDrf kft x'g], e]
6\gflt a9L kx]Fnf] 6'Kkflt a9L ;]tf]
sf] af:gfbf k"mn k'mNg] tyf afSnf] af]qmf] em
] sf7 x'g], Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf] k"mn . r'jfg gf) [lx) r'dfjg] dxffhflwfh jf o'jfhs
f j|taGwdf k|hfnfO{ nufOg] bz{ge]6L:jksf] b:t rdfg . r; \ g ;) lqm) [;+) r"if0f]
= dvn] sg} j:t Rofk] ; lgrf]L lgNg . @= cglrt lsl;dn] csf{sf] zf]if0f ug{ . r
;r; lqm) lj) [c) d") r;\ c (l))] != sg} j:t yf]yf]} dfqfdf lbg] jf lng] uL . @= 3
clncln u] . #= 3f]Rg] lsl;d . gf) $= rere . r;fO gf) [ r;\ ( cfO)] r:g] lqmof
|lqmof . [ > ] r;fOg s) lqm) r:g nufOg . r;fpg k|) ] lqm) r:g nufpg ;f];fpg
 . r;fx6 gf) r:g] lsl;d, lqmof jf cj:yf zf]if0f . r;fxf lj) hfnem]n uL csf{sf] ;
DklQ xofpg] vfnsf] csf{nfO{ a9L ;tfP kmfObf p7fpg] zf]ifs . rl;g s) lqm) r:g] sfd
ulg . r;S  s lqm) lj) [c) d") r;\s\ s] != rRrf] k]em}F eP . @= lggfpf] eP cgxf
rg] uL . #= rf];f] k] . $= 3f]Rg], laemfpg] lsl;d . r;j  f lj) [r; \ pjf] != r:g]
afgL ePsf] zf]if0f ug{ l;kfn zf]ifs . gf) @= To:tf] afgLa]xf]f ePsf] JolQm . r:s
f] gf) [rf];f] sf]] lgs} yf]} kldf0f lkTsf] .

ltg} rnfsf rDsf . rnfrnL gf) [;+) r"8f (l)) O{] != dxfeft z[\vnfsf kxf8xb]lv blSvg
t x]sf xf]rfxf]rf kxf8 Pj+ yDsfxsf] ;d"x r] kxf8 . @= ;fgf7"nf rnfxsf] ;d"x . r
lqm) [rnf] O g] rnf]h:tf] ylDsnf] xg rRrf] kL cUnf] xFb} hfg eml;g . rnL!
f) [rnf] O{] != rnfsf] ;fgf] k ;fgf] rnf] r"nL . @= Psfkl rRrf] k]sf] kmn kmNg] Ps
hftsf] cf? . rnL@ gf) [;+) r"8f] != kj{tsf] rRrf] k] clUnPsf] lzv kxf8sf] 6Kkf] 6f
f] . @= yk|f] f; . uff gf) [rnL u9] bO{kfv] 5fgf] xg] 3sf rf}8fOklsf] wL;Dd
uff] rlnP uPsf] uff] . rns  gf) [;+)] xTs]nf] vDRofP kfgL cl8g] agfOPsf] vf]rf]
s]nfsf] vfN6f] rNn . rn];L! gf) r'qfsf eGbf 7"nf KofhL
sf u]8f kmNg], tL u]8f vfF
f lha|f] sfnf] jf gLnf] x'g] Ps hftsf] a'6f] To;}sf] kmn . r'n];L@ gf) [r'n ] cfF;L]
km]baf6 7f8f] x'Fb} uPsf] rfsf] h:tf] r'Rrf] eP lgx'lPsf], 9f8klaf6 tsfL cflb sf6\
sfddf k|of]u ulg], Ps k|sfsf] kmnfd] xltof . ~ xf8 gf) r'n]F;Lh:tf] k]sf] 6fpsfsf aLr
sf] dflyb]lv tn;Ddsf] xf8 d]?b08 . r'n ] lj) [r'nf]P] r'nf]l;t ;DalGwt Pp6} r'nf]df
ksfPsf] vfgf vfg] . ~ lgDtf] gf) x]) r'n}lgDtf] . ~ kfyL gf) tfdf, lkQn, lub|f] cf
lbff lgld{t, r'nL kf] wfg, sf]bf] cflb cGg elg] kfyL . r'n]qf]! gf) [r'nf]Pqf]] r'nf
f]Tg] n'F8f] kf]tfLsf] n'F8f] r'Nx]qf] . r'nq ] f]@ gf) ef]nf{sf cfsfsf uf9f xlof kft
x'g,] 8fFSnfleq km:s] u'af] x'g], ufO{a:t'n] vfg], n]sfnL 8fn] 3fF; . r'n } lj) [
r'nf]P] r'nf];lxtsf] Pp6} r'nf]df vfg]hltsf] r'n] . ~ lgDtf] gf) Pp6f r'nfdf ksfP vfg
]hlt ;a} kljfnfO{ ulPsf] lgDtf] gf]srfsnufot hxfg}nfO{ ulPsf] lgDtf] . r'nf] gf) [;
NnL] != vfg]s'f ksfpgsf lglDt cfuf] afNg efF8f a;fNg agfOPsf] 7fpF r'Nxf] . @= efG
;fv08 . ~ rDsf] gf) r'nf] r'nfsf lglDt rflxg] rDsf] r'nf] To;;Fu ;DalGwt c To:t} j:
t'sf] ;d"x . r'N7fr'N7L gf) [r'N7fr'N7L] ;fgf7"nf rN7fxsf] ;d"x rN7f / c To:t} j:t
f] ;d"x . rlN7g c) lqm) [rN7f] O g] rN7L kg{ rN7f xg . rN7L gf) [rN7f] O{] !
Lg jf kfFr cfF7f kf] af6]sf]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

r:tfr]tfO r:tf gf) [kmf) r:t] 38 F fb]lv dlgsf] efu ;fFu  f] dflysf] efu kms
]sf] ;?jfn 3f]8;jfLdf nufOg] ;?jfn . r:; lqm) lj) [c) d") r; \ ;] rf];f] lgl:sP
h;L . @= 3f]Rg], lag] lsl;d . rxfO gf) [ rx ( cfO)] rxg  ] lsl;d jf lqmof rjfO .
[ > ] rxfOg s) lqm) rxg] kflg . rxfpgL gf) rx]sf] tn kbfy{ jf kfgL tKs]gL . r
xfpg k|) ] lqm) rxg  ] kfg{ rxg] agfpg . rxfg gf) != rxg  ] jf wff] nfUg]
7fpF rx] emg]{ af6f] . @= rxfP lemlsPsf] tn j:t . #= rlxPsf] kfgL jf kfgL rxg 
] k|lqmof . rxfj6 gf) != rxg  ] lsl;d jf lqmof @= rx] qmdzM ;lsFb} hfg] k|lqm
of . rlxg c) lqm) rxg] xf]Og . rxg c) lqm) sg} tn kbfy{ jf w"nf] j:t Kjfn
cflbaf6 emg{ ;fpg dVo 7fpFb]lv afx]s c 7fpF km6] lg:sg . > rxq ] f] lj) rxg]
fnsf] rxg] . r" gf) x]) r'F . r" gf) x]) r'r F F' . r"s! gf) x]) r's! . r"s@ g
) r's@ (r'scldnf]) . r"rs ' gf) [;+)] cfOdfO{sf b"wsf] dG6f] :tgsf] cu|efu . r"8f
gf) [;+)] != j|taGwdf j6'sf] skfn vf}b F f ulg] sd{ljz]if . @= 6'kL . #= l;p . $= l
zv r'nL 6fs'f] . s0fsd{ gf) lhhfltsf sdfsf] ue]{ s]z sf6\g] ;+:sfljz]if rf}n
!= lzdf nufOg] dl0fhl8t ljz]if k|sfsf] cfe"if0f . lj) @= lzdf flvg] dl0f;dfg of]Uo c
lt pQd . r"t gf) x]) rt . r"g gf) x]) rg . r" lj) x]) r/ . r"0f{ gf) [;+)] != sg}
j:t s6 ] jf lkFw ] kflPsf] w"nf]kL7f] . @= r"g rgf . s gf) != ;ulGwt kbfy{ ldnf
agfOPsf] af:gfbf w"nf] . @= ;df;axn hl6n kbfjnLsf] k|of]u geO{ ;fgf ;n zAbxsf] k|o
f]u ePsf] uBsfJo . ~ sGtn gf) dl;gf s]z eO{ 3F3lPsf] skfn cns hNkL . r"n gf) [;+)
] != skfn s]z . @= lzvf 6kL . #= sg} oGq jf ldl;gsf leqkl 3Dg] rSsfsf rfsf] tNnf
] dflyNnf] tLvf] 6Kkf] . r"lnsf gf) [;+)] != Zjf;gnL;Fu} xg] :yfoL fn cflb pTkfbg
ug]{ cGtM;|fjL u|lGy . @= gf6sdf g]kYo jf kbf{leqsf] efuaf6 ;"rgf ulPsf] c+z cyf]{
kIf]kssf] Ps e]b . ~ u|lGy gf) fn cflb ;sf] pTkfbg ug]{ Zjf;gnLs} bOk { l xg] u|lGy
. r"nL gf)x]) rnL .
402

r"nf] gf)x]) rnf] . r]O gf) [c) d")] ss  (afnaf]nLdf) . r]O gf) ss  nfO{ 8fStf
|of]u ulg] zAb . r]s gf) [c\)] != sg} JolQm jf ;+:yfn] cfgf] vftfaf6 olt sd lbg" egL
Aof\snfO{ n]lvlbg], Aof\s :jod\n] k|dfl0ft u]sf] kq . @= Aof\sdf flvPsf] cfgf] ?lkof
k; } f lemSgsf lglDt Aof\sn] g} k|dfl0ft u] lbPsf] kq . #= rfvfg] af ljleGg lsl;dsf
f6] af . $= cfsl:ds lsl;dsf] hfFr 58\s] hfFr . %= sg} sfd eof] jf ePg egL kgM fd
|L ljrf kofpg] sfd . ^= hfFr . &= ?h" le8fg . ~ kf]:6 gf) sg} dVo 7fpFaf6 cfjthfjt
ubf{ ofqL p;sf ;fydf ePsf rLhaLhsf] tnf;L tyf ;f]wk5sf lglDt flvPsf] ;sfL rf}sL .
~ as gf) vftfjfnfnfO{ Aof\sn] k|dfl0ft u] lbg] kqxsf] kl:tsf Aof\saf6 ?lkofF lemS
flxg] k|dfl0ft kqxsf] ;\ux | . r]6 gf) [;+)] lgDg txsf] sdff] tNnf] bhf{sf] bf; ;fgf]
tgf] sfdsf nflu x]sf] gf]s . > r]l6sfr]6L gf) lgDg txsL bf;L . r]t\g c) lqm) [;+) r]
\ g] != slxNo} gla;{g] lsl;dsf] 1fg xg sg} lsl;dsf sfdsf] fd|f]gfd|f] kl0ffd yfx
f xg . @= j:t jf 36gfsf ;DaGwdf fd|f] 1fg xg . #= b"bxfO{ xg tf]af xg . r
]t gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLdf x]sf] r]tgzlQm r}tGo xf]; . @= fd|f]gfd|f] 5fpg ;lsg] l
sf] u0f yfxf kfOg] 1fg af]w . #= klxn] cgej ulPsf sfnfO{ kl5 km]l h:tfsf] t:t} k
|ltlaDa lvRg ;Sg] zlQm :d0f :d[lt . $= dg lrQ x[bo . > r]ts lj) != sg} 36gf jf ljifo
f] k"j{1fg ufpg] sfd lau|geGbf klxn] g} xf]l;of kfg]{ ;r]ts . gf) @= dxff0ff k|tfksf
] Ps k|l;4 3f]8fsf] gfd . r]tg gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLdf xg] al4tj jf lrQj r]tgf r}tGo .
@= r]t xg] k|f0fL . #= O{Zj kdfTdf . zLn lj) r]tgzlQm jf 1fg ;lqmo lqmofzLn x]sf]
gf ePsf] . r]tgf gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLdf xg] leqL 1fg r}tGo r]tg . @= ;t\c;t\ 5fpg ;S
al4 ljj]s . #= sg} ljifosf ;DaGwdf xg] k"j{1fg xf]; . $= hLjgzlQm . do lj) r]tgfn]
oQm r]tgf ePsf] r}tGodo . r]tafaf lj) af]) [;+) r]t afaf] != 7Ss jf xG8 vfP r]Tg] J
msf] dvaf6 lg:sg] Wjlg . gf) @= xG8 7Ss . lj) #= r]t]sf] xG8 vfPsf] . ~ sfzL lj) af]
r]tafaf xfonsfon . r]tfO gf) [ r]t\ ( cfO)] r]Tg] lsl;d jf lqmof . [ > ]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

403

r]gr]Ko|fO r]lknf] lj) [r]k \ Onf]] r]k ePsf] r]k xg] . \ pjf] != r]k] t]n k]Ng] sf]
n . @= To;L r]kj  f gf) [r]k t]n k]Ng] ;fwg . #= uf]?, af]sf, 3f]8f cflbnfO{ ;dbf
{ cfF8 r]Kg] ;fwg . $= otfplt ug{ jf af]Ng g;Sg] l:ylt . %= tLg OGrhlt nfdf] ;fg
f] 6fpsf] r]K6f] cfsfsf] ;]tf] df5f] . lj) ^= r]Kg] sfd ug]{ . ~ sf]n gf) r]k ] t]n
k]Ng] sf]n . r]k ] gf) uf]vf lhNnfsf] b"wkf]vLaf6 ndh lhNnfsf] flugf;6f xFb} d:of{
gbLdf ldNg] Ps gbL . r]kf] gf) [r]k \ cf]] bO{ j:tsf dfemsf] vfnL 7fpF r]k cGtsGt
. r]K6f lj) [r]K6f]sf] lt) )] r]lK6Psf ;txL . ~ kfq gf) kll:yltcg;f gablng], syf, pk
of; cflbsf kfq oyfl:yltwdL{ kfq . r]lK6g c) lqm) [r]K6f] O g] r]K6f] xg r]K6f] kg{
. r]K6L lj) [r]K6f] O{] != r]K6f] cfsfsL . @= g]K6L . gf) #= skfn tx nfpg k|of]u ulg]
r]kj  f sfF6L r]kj  f . $= tfdfsf] Ps jf bO{ k};fsf] db|f 9fseGbf ;fgf] db|f
. ~ ds} gf) r]K6f bfgf nfUg] Ps lsl;dsf] ds} . r]K6] lj) [r]K6f] P] != r]K6f] k/]sf]
, r]K6f] cfsf/sf] . @= g]K6] y]Kr] . gf) #= sf7, nuf, leQf] cflbsf r]kr]kdf r]lK6
P/ a:g] / df}sfdf dfG5]sf] /ut r:g] Ps sLf] p8; . ~ kf\u|f] gf) 7"nf vdf emfFlug] n
x/fdf 7"nf 7"nf 6f6fleq Psb]lv cf7b;j6f u]8f;Dd kmNg ;Sg] r]K6f] / af6nf] cfsf/sf
] kf\u|f] . ~ ds} gf) r]K6Lds} . ~ l;p8L:o"8L gf) r]K6f] kf6f k]sf] sfF8}sfF8f x'g
hftsf] b'lwnf] l;pF8L . r]K6f] lj) [;+) lrlk6] y]Krf] k] clncln kmflsPsf] kftnf] ;D
sf] lylrP jf blaP g]K6f] k]sf] RofK6f] YofKrf] . r]K6fO gf) [ r]lK6 ( ofO)] != r]l
f jf k|lqmof . [r]K6fp cfO] @= r]K6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ ] r]K6fOg s) lqm) r]K6f]
kflg r]lK6g nfOg . r]K6fpg k|) ] lqm) r]K6f] kfg{ r]lK6g nfpg y]KRofpg . r]K6f
f) r]lK6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . | ] O g] r]kf | ] xg RofKk k] ;Sg . r]lk|g c
qm) [r]kf r]k ]| lj) [r]kf | ] P] != r]kff] kfg]{ r]kff] 3:g] . @= r]kf |] cfsfsf] .
]kf | ] lj) [;+) lrlk6] dv rf];f] kfL nf8] clego ug]{ r]kf] r]k]| . > r]Ko|fO gf) l
;lQsf] nf]nf]kf]tf] j[yf k|z; + f. r]Ko|fO gf) [ r]Ko|fp (cfO)] r]Ko|fpg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] r]Ko|fOg' s) lqm) r]kf | ] kflg' r]Ko|fpg]

r]tfOg' s) lqm) r]Tg] kflg' r]Tg nfOg' . r]tfpgL gf) s'g} ljifodf k"j{1fg lbg] sfd ;r
]t jf xf]l;of ufpg] sfo{ k"jh { gfp gl;ot . r]tfpg' ;) lqm) s'g} sfd sfsf] bikl0f
s;}nfO{ ;r]t jf ;fjwfg ufpg r]tfjgL lbg r]Tg] agfpg . r]tfjgL gf) r]tfpgL . r]tf
xf lj) r]Tg] vfnsf] r]t kfO;s]sf] . r]ltg c) lqm) r]Tg] xf]Og r]t]sf] xf]Og . r]t
j  f lj) != r]Tg] vfnsf] r]t kfPsf] . @= cgejL . r]g gf) [c\)] wftsf 7f];fsf dGb
|fx hf]8] agfOPsf] 8f]L hlGh l;qmL ;f\nf] . r]Ghkm]Gh gf) [c\) r]Gh (l))] != otf
sf] otf kfg]{ sfd x]km] cbnLabnL ;f; ;f6;6 kljt{g . @= sd{rfLxsf] :yfgfGt0f
g ;) lqm) [;+) lrlk6 g] sg} bO6f j:tn] aLrsf] j:tnfO{ bO{ltaf6 a];L bfAg s]kdf
kfg{ a];L lyRg . r]k gf) [ Rofk\] != bO{ kmUNofF6f jf ;fx|f j:tsf aLrsf] 7fpF bn
f] . @= bO{ afxkfzsf aLrsf] efu sfv . #= bO{ 8fF8fsf aLrsf] 7fpF vf]N;f] vFh vf]
r . r]kf gf) != k"j{k?if RofKHo" . @= Eofutfsf kmnaf6 ev lg:s]sf aRrf r]kfufF8f .
r]kfO gf) [ r]k\ ( cfO)] r]Kg] lsl;d jf lqmof . [ > ] r]kfOg s) lqm) r]Kg] kflg r]Kg
nufOg . r]kfpg k|) ] lqm) r]Kg nufpg r]Kg] kfg{ . r]kfuf8f gf) != v'f gpld|Psf Eo
fu'tfsf aRrf . @= Eofu'tfsf r]kf (ev{ k'mn k'm6] lgl:sPsf) ufF8f (clns x'ls{Psf aR
rfx) . r]kf
gf) [ef]) a)] != g]kfnsf tNnf kxf8L e]sxdf cflbsfnb]lv a:t} cfPsf hghflt
xdWo] Ps hflt . @= Eofu'tf]h:t} b]lvg] t k'R5 ePsf] sfnf]
sf] 3;|] lxF8\g] k|f0fL ef
'
\u|f]h:t} hGt' . > r]kf
\uL lj) != r]kf
hfltsf] r]kf;DaGwL . gf) @= r]kfsf] efiff .
lj) [r]kff] P] != lrKnf] 3;] cfk"m ;flvnf] xg] nf]nf]kf]tf] kfg]{ a];f] . @= gePsf] s
] klg xf] h:tf] kf] ;fvNn] xg] jf e"m6f] k|z+;f ug]{ a];f] lrNnf]3;jf . gf) #= r]k
ff] . r]kf]@ gf) [r]k rf]] wf]qmf]h:tf] uF8 agfP a:g] Ps k|sfsf] rf] tf]krf] wf]
] au]8L . r]kff] gf) [r]kcff]] != ;fFRr} xf] h:tf] kfL k]; ulPsf] e"m6f] k|z+;f a];
r]Ko|fOF r]kf]kg . @= ;fx|} ;fF3f] 7fpF . r]kfxf lj) [r]k\ cfxf] != r]Kg] sfd ug]{ r]
g] u0f ePsf] . gf) @= r]k ] t]n k]Ng] sf]n r]kj  f. r]lkg s) lqm) [r]k \ O g] r]kd
f kg{ r]kfOdf kg{ .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

r]le|g  rf]O6fO sfd ulg . r]Ko|fpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) cf]7 n]Ao|fpg r]kf | ] kfg{
kf | ] xg nufpg . r]Ko|fx6 gf) r]kf | ] aGg] jf agfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . r]Ko|fxf lj
) != r]kf | ] aGg] u0f ePsf] r]k|f] xg] vfnsf] . @= r]Ko|fO kfg]{ . r]le|g  c)
lqm) [r]ef | ] O g] r]e]| xg r]ef | O kfg]{ xg . r]e ]| lj) [r]e|f] P] != nfl8Ph:t
f] u] csf{sf] grflxFbf] k|z+;f ug]{ r]Eo|fOF kfg]{ . @= csf{sf] Koff] xg n6kl6g]
. r]ef | ] lj) r]e]| r]kf | ] . > r]Eo|fO gf) grflxFbf] lsl;daf6 csf{sf] k|z+;f u] cf
"m ;flvnf] aGg] lsl;d jf lqmof . r]nf gf) [r]nf]sf] lt) )] != r]nf] lzio . @= 5f]f]
. rk]6frf6L gf) r]nf c r]nf;dfgsf JolQmxsf] ;d"x lzioju{ . ~ r]nL gf) != r]nf r
;d"x r]nf c To:t} JolQmxsf] ;d"x . @= 5f]f5f]L . r]lnogdfgj gf) [c\) r]lnog ;+) d
|mfG;sf] r]n]; gfd ePsf] 7fpFdf km]nf k]sf] dfgj . @= r]n];df kfOPsf dfgjl;t ldNb
f c hg;s} 7fpFsf dfgj . r]nL gf) [r]nf] O{] != 5f]L . @= lziof 5fqf . #= lbbL alxgL
$= cx|fpkx|fp dfGg] cfOdfO{ . %= kmk" jf kmk"sL 5f]L . ~ ltxf gf) df3] ;u|fFtL .
~ a]6L gf) != 5f]L 5f]L;dfgsf c :qL 5f]Lr]nL . @= lbbLalxgL To:t} c cfOdfO{ . #
ltg} ;xsf c gfL r]nf] gf) [;+) r]6s] != u?;Fu k9\g] jf lzIff lng] JolQm ljBfyL{ .
= u?;Fu ufoqL, bLIff cflb dGq ;g]sf] lzio . #= 5f]f] 5f]f;xsf] JolQm $= cgofoL .
r]jf gf) [lrofp cf] != uKt lsl;daf6 lnOg] va lrof] uKt lgLIf0f . @= uKttjn] va l
olQm uKtr hf;; . ~ rrf{ gf) grflxFbf] sfsf] jf:tf jf rrf{ cgfjZos sfsf] rf;f] .
6f gf) [;+)] != dgsf] efj jf ljrf k|s6 ug{ ulPsf] ;\s]t dfgl;s ;\s]t k|s6 ug]{ af]nfO
nfO Pj+ sfdufOsf] rfn9fn zfLls efje\uL . @= sf]l;; k|oTg . #= OR5f sfdgf . $= lxF8fO
fO . r]xf gf) [kmf)] dvsf] cfs[lt 3fF6Lb]lv dfly skfnb]lv tnltsf] efu dvd08n cgx
r} lgkf) [rflxF] != rflxF . @= s'f ubf{ ck|Toflzt kaf6 pRrlt x'g] Ps y]uf] rfOF rfo
fOGhf] . r}; f] gf) df; cflb bn] kmUn]F6fhlt Psflt 5'fOPsf] dl;gf] w"nf] bfnsf] w"n
. r}t! gf) [;+) r}q] lrqf gIfqn] o'Qm k"l0f{dfdf rGb|df xg] dlxgf kmfu'gkl5sf] dlxg
f jif{sf] clGtd dlxgf r}q rOt . r}t@ gf) [rOt< ;+) rlq] g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rnsf] 8f]6L l
hNnf o;sf cf;kf;df k|rlnt P]ltxfl;s, kf}fl0fs wfld{s rlqsf ufyfdf cfwflt nf]ssfJo (
d zfxLsf]
404

r}t, nfn Bf}jfsf] r}t, s[i0fhLsf] r}t, ;LtfhLsf] r}t O)) . r}tGo gf) [;+)] != k|f
0fLdf x]sf] ljrf, ljj]s jf 5fg ljrfsf] zlQm lrt\zlQm r]tgf r]tg . @= r]tgzLn k|f0fL
tL gf) [r}t O{] klZrdefu ljz]iftM 8f]Nkf lhNnfsf PsyL du hfltn] k|To]s jif{ bO{bO{
3sf] kfnf];fGtLsf lx;fan] lxpFbsf lbgdf Ps dlxgf;Dd dgfpg] rf8 . r}t ] lj) [r}t P] !
= r}t dlxgfdf xg] r}t;DaGwL . @= r}tdf bAnfP xl66\6" xg] (afFb) . gf) #= 3f]8]hfq
fsf kj{df ufOg] ljz]if k|sfsf] nf]suLt To;sf] no . ~ sf\u|]; gf) != kl5 k|j]z u/]/
/huh ug{ vf]Hg] k|j[lQsf] dfG5] . @= cj;jfbL k|j[lQsf] sf\u|]; . ~ rf] gf) k|foM r}t
dlxgfdf b]vf kg]{ af]Ng] jf sfpg] Ps hftsf] rf] . > r}t]tL gf) != bdfO{F, sfdL cfl
b sfdbfxnfO{ ;fpg]tL;Ddsf nflu ulg] ydf}tL . @= To:t} ydf}tL ubf{ lbOg] j:t jf b:t
  . ~ b;} gf) fdgjdLsf] ef]lnkN6sf] r}qz'Sn bzdLsf] ltly jf pQm ltlydf dgfOg] pT;
j . ~ kfgL gf) != 5f]Lsf] ljjfx ePsf jif{df kg]{ r}t dlxgfdf ljjflxt 5f]Ln] 5f]Lsf a
fa'n] Ps} 3f6 jf kFw]fsf] kfgL gvfg] k|yf . @= pSt lsl;dn] aflg] kfgL . ~ k'mn gf)
r}tdf k'mNg] 6fFsLsf hftsf] k"mn sf]Ofnf] . ~ afbjfg gf) != r}q dlxgfdf j;Gtsf] k|ef
ubf{ sfd's ePsf] afFb . @= pQm sfd'stfn] ubf{ w]} kl>d kL r}qsf] cGTodf b'AnfPsf] a
fFb . lj) #= dGRof;] ;fx|} b'Anf] . $= sfd's . r}To gf) [;+)] != af}4 wd{sf] :t"k .
@= rf}tff] kf6L . r}q gf) [;+)] jif{sf] afx|f}F dlxgf jif{sf] clGtd df; rOt r}t .
s'a]sf] au}Frf . r}qL gf) [;+)] r}qz'Sn k"l0f{df r}t] k'g{] . r}g gf) [lx)] != dg k|
km ' lNnt xg] l:ylt cfgGb ;'v . @= ;'vef]u ef]uljnf; df]hdHhf . rf]u f gf) [t's) {
] ;]jf{gLh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] nfdf] sf]6 r'
\uf . rf]O6f gf) [rf]O6f]sf] lt) )] x]) rf]O6f
] . rf]O6L gf) sf7 sf6\tf 6'lqmP lgl:sPsf ;fgf7"nf rf]O6fxsf] ;d"x 6qmf6fqmL . rf]O
6g c) lqm) [rf]O6f] O g] rf]O6f] lg:sg 6qmf] xg . rf]O6f] gf) [;+) zs\ O6f]] 7"
f d"n j:t 6lqmP jf km6] lg:s]sf] ;fgf] k 6qmf] zsn . rf]O6fO gf) [ rf]Ol6 ( ofO
l6g] lsl;d jf lqmof . [ > ] rf]O6fOg s) lqm) rf]Ol6g] kflg . rf]O6fpg k|) ] lqm) r
f]O6f] kfg{ 7"nf] j:taf6 ;fgf] 6qmf] 5ofpg

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

405

rf]Onfrf]OnLrf]rd ] f]r] nf]leO{ csf]{ JolQmn] nfPsf] sb[li6 rf]v] gh . @= pQm sb[l
i6af6 xg hfg] tyfslyt lauf . rf]vf@ gf) != pl;g]sf] cfndf cldnf], lkf] cflb xfn] ;
fFlwPsf] j:t crf r6gL rf6 . @= rf]v]g . rf]lvg c) lqm) [rf]vf] O g] != rf]vf] xg
cj:yfaf6 kljq xg . @= k ;]sL cfOdfO{n] rff}F lbgdf gxfOwjfO u] z4 xg . #= h7f
], kmf]x s]xL gxg . $= fd|f];Fu dflemg jf kvflng . rf]vL gf) [rf]vf] O{] != rf]vf]s
f] :qL k . lj) @= cfgf] wd{df x]sL kk?ifsf] ;+;u{df gcfPsL ;Toaf6 g8u]sL kljq (gfL
gtLlgwL gf) zf:qsf lgodcgk rNg jf ;kmf, z4 xgfsf lglDt ulg] zfLls Pj+ dfgl;s cfr0
jf la6nf] gePsf] l:ylt . ~ df6L gf) ljjfx, j|taGw cflbdf o1sf] j]bL agfpgsf lgl
Dt sGofxff vlgg], rf]vf] 7fpFsf] df6f] . rf]v ] gf) x]) rf]vf! . rf]vg ] gf) [rf]vf]
g] != kfgLdf ksfPsf] vfg] sf] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf cz4 xFb}g egL eft, kjf cflbdf xf
lng] l3p rf]vf] kfg]{ l3p, t]n cflb j:t rf]Vofg . @= :qLxn] h:jnf ePsf] rf}yf] lbgd
f rf]lvFbf gxfPsf] skfndf xfNg] t]n . rf]vf] lj) != sg} lsl;dsf] cz4 kbfy{ gk]s
f] kljq . @= s;}n] h7f] gxfn]sf] la6nf] gkf]sf] . #= c yf]s gldl;Psf] s; gePsf] . $
lgkfwL lgbf]{if . gf) %= l3pt]n rf]v]g . ~ rf8f] lj) != jf:tljstf n'sfP ;flvnf] x'g
]Hg] . @= rf]vf] klg rfF8f] klg x'g] :jefjsf] . ~ rf]vf] lj) af]) cz'4 7fpFnfO{ u
pFt cflb 5s] { rf]VofpFbf cyjf l56f] xfn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ rf]Vofpg] ;fdflhs k|yfsf]
cg';0f ubf{ pRrf0f ulg] zAb lji0f'lji0f . rf]VofO gf) [ rf]Vofp ( cfO)] rf]Vofpg]
]vf] kfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] rf]VofOg s) lqm) rf]vf] kflg . rf]Vofpg ;) lqm)k|]
) lqm) [rf]lv ofp g] != rf]vf] xg] kfg{ kljq tNofpg . @= ufO{e}F;L AofPsf ;ft jf
P3f lbgsf lbg b"w, bxL cflb b]jlkt[nfO{ r9fpgsf lglDt rnf];\ egL w"kwjfF cflb uL r
f]vf] jf kljq kfg{ . #= h7f], ;Ts]f] k]sf] 3 jf 3sf dflg;nfO{ wfld{s ljlwcg;f klj
q tNofpg . rf]Vofg gf) [rf]vf] ofg] x]) rf]v]g . rf]Vofxf lj) [rf]vf]rf]vf ofxf] != r
f]vf] kfg]{ z4 tNofpg] . @= rf]vf nfUg] jf nufpg] . rf]rd ] f]r ] lj) [rf]rf]df]
rf] P] ;flvnL xgsf nflu csf{;Fu rf]rf]df]rf] ldnfpg] Hofb} glhssf] eP lrKNofOF 3:g]
(JolQm) .

6So | fpg . rf]Onfrf]OnL gf) [rf]Onf] rf]OnL] ;fgf7"nf rf]Onfxsf] ;d"x . rf]Olng c)
lqm) [rf]Onf] O g] rf]OnL kg{ rf]Onf] lg:sg . rf]OnL gf) [rf]Onf] O{] rf]Onfsf] ;fgf]
k ;fgf] rf]Onf] . rf]Onf] gf) [;+) rlqmn] != efF8faf6 klgpFn] sk] lemlsPsf] eft, l9
F8f] cflbsf] kftnf] ;fgf] c+z . @= 7"nf] rkf] 9]nf] . rf]ONofO gf) [ rf]ONofp ( cfO)]
rf]Olng] jf rf]OnL kg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] rf]ONofOg s) lqm) rf]Onf] kflg jf rf
]ONofpg] sfd ulg . rf]ONofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) rf]Onf] lemSg rf]OnL kfg{ . rf]s g
f) [;+) rtis] != rf}lt 3n] 3]lPsf] aLrdf kSsf uL agfOPsf] rfsg] hldg jf cfFug rf
@= ahfsf] aLrdf x]sf] To:tf] hldg rf}af6f]sf] ahf . #= n]sdf jf cf}nfdf jiff{ lxpFbd
f nu] uf]7 fVg tf]lsPsf] 7fpF . $= rf}dxfgL . rf]s gf) [;+) zis 6] uxF, ds} cflb lk
F4fv]l glkFlwg] aflxL kftnf] lrNnf] efu af]qmf] . rf]s] gf) != 7"nf] 3f]rf] jf sLnfd
f ;fgf] xfFuf] lg:s] sg} j:t emG8fpg] jf To;dfly anf] fVg xg] j:t sfkf] . @= ;d
fg dxjsf bO{ sf Ps}rf]l6 cfOkg{ jf bj} k|yd st{Josf kdf b]vf kg{ vFu] . lj) #=
sfkf] ePsf] (3f]rf] cflb) . ~ sf7 gf) rf]s] ePsf] jf sfkf] k]sf] sf7 . ~ Aofh gf)
Hofb} cK7]f] l:yltdf k]sf JolQml;t rf}sf] jf rf bf]a kf] lnOg] Aofh . rf]S6f gf) [rf
f]sf] lt) )] x]) rf}6f] . rfS6Lrf]S6L gf) ;fgf7"nf rf]S6fsf] ;d"x rf]S6f c To:t}
6fqmL . ~ nfD6f gf) sg} j:tsf 8Nnf nfDrf k]sf 6qmf df;sf 5f]6f nfdf 6qmf . rf]
S6f] gf) != rf}ltsf] cfsfk|sf afa xg] uL kflPsf] 6qmf] rf}6f] . @= v]t jf afLs
|f] . #= f8L, uGb|L cflbsf] rf}lt ldn]sf] 6qmf] rs6L . rf]qmf gf) != ; Psbd} sd ePs
] jf ; glg:sg] j:t . @= kmf6]sf b"wsf] kfgLaf6 5lPsf] c+z 5f]qmf . #= fd|L ghd]sf]
bxL jf dxL kfbf{ glkml6g] l9sf . $= uxFsf] e; rf]s . > rf]lqmg c) lqm) != rf]qmf
kg{ . @= rf]sdf kl0ft xg . #= bAnfpg . rf]lqmnf] lj) != w]} rf]qmf ePsf] kmf6]
fgL 5f]qmf 5lg] vfnsf] . @= w]} b"w gcfpg] (ufO{e; F} L) . #= ;s]sf] . $= bAnf]
. rf]qm] lj) w]} b"w glbg] rf]lqmnf] k]sf] rf]So | fOnf] . rf]So | fOnf] lj) rf]qmf]
xf]nfh:tf] rf]lqmnf] . rf]vf! gf) [;+) rIf] != s;}n] dL7f]rf]vf] vfPsf] b]v]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

rf]rf]rf]of rf]rf] gf) [;+) r~rr"r] != rRrf] . @= dv . #= lrKNofOF rfKn;L . df]r
f] gf) != lrKnf sf u] csf{nfO{ v;L kfL cfk"m ;flvnf] aGg] sfd . @= leq lrQ gaem] t
fklg aflxaflx csf{n] u]sf sfdf ;xL yfKg] sfd . #= dvn] s]xL dw jf0fL af]n] ulg]
f . $= dv dg . rf]6 gf) of]) != k6s aflh kN6 rf]l6 . gf) @= k|xf df cf3ft lk6fO
vt . lqm) lj) $= k6s aflh . k6s gf) n8], 7f]lsP jf sf6] xg], zLsf sg} c\udf nfu
p 3fpvt gLn8fd . rf]6f gf) [rf]6f]sf] lt) )] rf]6f] . ~ sf]7f gf) rf]6f sf]7f rf]6f
]7f] . rf]l6 lqm) lj) v]k kN6 k6s aflh kfln tfn . (Ps rf]l6, bO{ rf]l6, slt rf]l6 O)
. rf]6 ] lj) [rf]6 P] != sg} sfdsf Ps k6sd} eOxfNg] Ps k6s sfddf NofpFbd } f ;kmn x
g] rf]6 glafpg] . @= bIf l;kfn k|jL0f . ~ rsds gf) Ps} rf]6 9u \ fdf 3f]6\tf cfuf]
klxfNg] vfnsf] kfOgbf rsds . rf]6f] gf) [g]jf) rf]t] eOFtnfb]lv dflyNnf] tnfsf] e
OF rf]6f . ~ sf]7f] gf) != eOt F nfeGbf dflyNnf tnfdf x]sf] sf]7f] . @= rf]6f] sf]
7f] . rf]f gf) [;+) rf6] 7u7fu u] csf{sf] ;DklQ cfgf xftdf kfg{ vf]Hg] JolQm ;fgf]ltg
] rf] w"t{ 6fkl6k] . > rf]L gf) 7u7fu u] csf{sf] dfn;fdfg cfgf xft kfg{ l;kfn :qL
. rf]tf] gf) != 8Nnf] cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] d"nf 8Nn] d"nf . @= d"nf . rf]y\g ;) lqm) [
;+) Ro"t g] sg} kmn jf j:tsf af]qmf pSsfpg sg} j:tnfO{ cfk"mlt tfGg n5fg{ nf5\
g . > rf]yfO gf) rf]Yg] lsl;d jf lqmof . rf]yfOg s) lqm) rf]Yg nufOg rf]Yg] kflg
. rf]yfpg k|) ] lqm) rf]Yg nufpg rf]Yg] kfg{ . rf]yfn] lj) [rf]yfnf] P] l56f]l56f
] l; p7\tf] 9\un] hjfkm lbg] dvfn] aemjf bd{vf . rf]yfnf] gf) [rf]yf] cfnf]] != c
nfO{ laemfpg] uL jf l; p7\g] uL sf ug]{ jf hjfkm lbg] dv . @= dv (lgGbfy{df) rf]yf
] rf];f] . #= bjf{Ro af]Ng]sf] dv . rf]lyg s) lqm) [rf]y\ O g] rf]Yg] sfd ulg n5fl
. rf]yf] gf) af]Ng gxg] sf af]Ng] jf bjr { g ug]{ dv bdv { vfa dv ltq] dv .
rf]gfd gf) [ef]) a)] r]kfhfltn] ebf}] k"l0f{dfsf lbg dgfpg] Ps k|sfsf] rf8 . rf]k \ g
 ;) lqm) [;+) rDag] kfgLdf jf tn kbfy{df sg} j:t 8afpg rf]Ag nuf kfgLdf k5fg
{ .
406

rf]k gf) [kmf) rf]a] sg} v jf nxfsf kft, 8fFSnf cflbdf rf]6 nfUbf lg:sg] lrKnf] ; rf
]a vf]6f] . lrgL gf) skm, lkQ, jfth:tf lqbf]ifnfO{ zdg ug]{ k]6;DaGwL f]u lgsf] kfg
]{ Ps k|sfsf] h\unL a6L . rf]kn\g ;) lqm) [;+) Ifk0f] kfgLdf jf tn kbfy{df sg} j:t
 8afpg rn{Dd kfg{ kfgLdf xfn] lehfpg . > rf]knrfkn gf) sg} j:t jf JolQmnfO{
kfgLdf rf]Kg] jf 8afpg] sfd rf]knfO . rf]knfO gf) rf]kNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . rf]
klng s) lqm) != rf]kNg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= rf]klng] eOg . rf]kfO gf) [ rf]k\ ( cf
O)] rf]Kg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rf]kfOg s) lqm) rf]Kg] kflg rf]Kg nufOg
. rf]kfpg k|]) lqm) rf]Kg] ufpg rf]Kg nufpg . rf]lkg s) lqm) emf]lnnf] kbfy{df
rf]klng jf 8lag, rf]elng . rf]a\g ;)lqm)x]) rf]Kg . rf]a gf) [kmf)] k|frLg ;d
odf fhfdxffhfsf bafdf rf]abfn] 6]Sg] ;grfFbLn] df]xf]lPsf] 8G8f cf;fuhf{ . lrgL
klrgL . bf gf) != fhfdxffhfsf] cufl8k5fl8 rf]a lnP a:g] JolQm dVo 9f]s] . @= fhfs
fLsf] ;"rgf lbFb} clu nfUg] JolQm s~rsL . rf]an\g ;) lqm) [;+) Ifk0f] x]) rf]kNg
. > rf]anrfan gf) rf]knrfkn . rf]anfO gf) rf]aNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . rf]alng
s) lqm) != rf]alng] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= rf]aNg] xf]Og . rf]af gf) [kmf) rf]a] k
fn 6f\gfsf nflu rflxg] 3f]rf, vfFaf cflb ;fldofgf v8f ufpg] rf];f] k]sf] vfFaf] . r
f]afO gf) [ rf]a\ ( cfO)] rf]Ag] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rf]afOg s) lqm) rf]Ag nufO
g . rf]afpg k|) ] lqm) rf]Ag nufpg . rf]lag s) lqm) rf]Ag] sfd ulg rf]lkg . rf
]af] gf) [rf]of]] vbf] ksfpFbf dfly p7]sf] s; jf ufh 5fGg] rf]ofsf] hfnLbf rfngL .
rf]e \ g ;) lqm) [rf]k\ g] x]) rf]Kg . > rf]enrfen gf) rf]knrfkn . rf]enfO gf) rf]
eNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . rf]enfOg s) lqm) rf]eNg nufOg . rf]enfpg k|) ] lqm) rf]
eNg nfpg . rf]elng s) lqm) != rf]eNg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= rf]elng] xf]Og . rf
]efO gf) [ rf]e\ ( cfO)] rf]Eg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rf]efOg s) lqm) rf]Eg
nufOg . rf]efpg k|) ] lqm) rf]Eg nufpg . rf]leg s) lqm) rf]Eg] sfd ulg 8lag .
rf]of gf) [rf]of]sf] lt) )] x]) rf]of] . rf]oL gf) ;fgf7"nf rf]ofxsf] ;d"x rf]of
t} j:tsf] ;d"x .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

407

rf]of]rf];f] rf]fO gf) [ rf]\ ( cfO)] rf]g]{ k|j[lQ, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rf]fOg
lqm) rf]g{ nufOg . rf]fpg k|) ] lqm) rf]g{ nufpg . rf]frf] gf) Psn] csf{sf] rf]L u
]{ sfd k:kdf rf]L xg] sfd . rf]lg s) lqm) != rf]g{] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= rf]L x
rf]L gf) [;+) rf] O{] { dfnwgLn] yfxf gkfpg] uL dfn rf]g]{ sfd csf{sf xsbfaLsf] rncrn
DklQ v;Ss cfgf] xsbfaLleqsf] agfpg] lqmof rf]g{] sfd . ~ rsfL gf) rf]rsfsf] sfd ;f
ltgf] jf l7g]ldg] rf]L . ~ hjf gf) x]) rf]hjf . ~ lgsf;L gf) Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF
df jf Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf nfg f]Ssf ulPsf j:t nsfO{l5kfO{ tL 7fpFdf k7fpg] sfd
;sfsf] eG;f, rf}sL cflb 5nL aflxkm] dfn;fdfg lgsf;L ug]{ sfd . ~ k}7fL gf) != :jb]zd
ofpg dgfxL ulPsf ;fdfgx nsLl5kL jf l;dfgfsf eG;fnfO{ 5n] caf6faf6 Nofpg] sfd . @= l
godcg;f eG;fdx;n gltL dfn;fdfg leofpg] jf Nofpg] sfd . rf]ns gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] lsl
;dsf] rf]nf] rf]nL . @= ;Iffsf lglDt nufOg] ;fwg sjr . rf]nf gf) [;+) rf]n] != zL h
. @= hGd hgL . #= rf]nf] . rf]nL gf) ;fgf7"nf rf]nfxsf] ;d"x rf]nf c To:t} j:ts
"x . rf]nL gf) [rf]nf] O{] != rf]nfsf] ;fgf] k ;fgf] rf]nf] . @= hfdf, 3fFu cflbsf] sD
ddflysf] cjoj . rf]n] lj) [rf]nf] P] != rf]nf]h:tf] rf]nfsf] cfsfsf] rf]nf]sf] . @= rf
nf] nufpg] . rf]nf] gf) [;+) rf]lnsf] :jf:gLdflg;n] 3fF6Lb]lv sDdsf efu;Dd nufpg]
ef]6fsf cfsfsf] j:q :qLhfltn] nufpg] rf}aGbL (rf 7fpFdf tgf ePsf]) rf]nf . rf];fsf l
j) [rf];f] cfsf] rf];f] ePsf] jf k]sf] ; ldn]sf] nDafO tyf rf}8fOsf x]s sgf rf];fbf
sf] . ~ jg gf) To:tf] rf];fsf jg jf h\un . rf];frf];L gf) [rf];f] rf];L] != rf];fxsf]
d"x rf];f c To:t} j:tsf] ;d"x . @= rf];f] rf];L . rf]l;g c) lqm) [rf];f] O g] rf
kg{ rf];f] xg . rf];L lj) [rf];f] O{] rf];f] ePsL dv rRrf] k]sL dvrRr] (cfOdfO{
. rf]; ] lj) [rf];f] P] != rf];f] lg:s]sf] ytg ePsf] . @= rf];f] k]sf] r:; k]sf]
Rr] . df]; ] lj) != rf];frf];L k]sf] . @= x]) rf]r]df]r] . rf];f] gf) != bO{ cf]7
hf]8] cfufl8 tGsfOPsf] dv r:; k]sf] ytg . @= To:tf] sf]0f jf sg . df];f] gf)
x]) rf]rf]df]rf] .

rf]of] gf) [k|f)] afF;, dfln\uf], lgufnf] cflbsf] slnnf ef6faf6 lub|f] lemsL cem k
ftnf] hOgfsf kdf a6flg ;Sg] kflPsf] j:t . ~ aftf] gf) != rf]of] aftf] ;fwf0f k
g] rf]of] lvk] ljz]if k|sfn] afFWg] aftL . @= 3af cflbnfO{ rf]ofsf] hOgfn] afFWg] s
fo{ . #= emk|f] cyf{t\ 3 agfpg] dd{t ug]{ sfo{ . rf] \ g ;) lqm) [;+) rf] g] nsL
L s;}n] yfxf gkfpg] uL csf{sf] wgdfn x0f ug{ csf{sf] ;DklQ v;S  s n}hfg nfdf] xf
t ug{ rf]L ug{ . rf] gf) [;+)] != s;}n] klg yfxf gkfpg] uL csf{sf] wgdfn ckx0f ug]{
JolQm t:s . lj) @= ns] x]sf] uKt . #= cnfO{ 7Ug] jf sDtL dfn lbg] a]Odfg . $= rf]g
. %= rlxP l5g]{ (rf] 3fd, rf] 3 cflb) . ^= dgsf] sf lng] jf lrQ x0f ug]{ . ~ cfv]
!= n'sLl5kLsg cfFvf ssf{pg] cn] gb]Vg] uL otfplt x]g]{ . @= csf{n] b]Vg g;Sg] 7fpFd
f b]Vg] . ~ cfvf] gf) != aftf jf rf]of sf8\bf lr]sf afF;sf aLrdf kg]{ cfFVnf] efn'cf
Fvf] . @= n'sLl5kLsg x]g{] cfFvf] ss]{ cfFvf] . ~ pBf]u gf) ;sfL lgodsfggnfO{ 5n] jf
;j{;fwf0f hgtfnfO{ 7Ug] p2]Zon] ulg] pBf]u sfnf] pBf]u . ~ cf}n ] lj) != rf]sf h:tf
cf}n F f ePsf] rf]g{] cf}n F f ePsf] . @= rf] cf}n F f dfq ePsf] . ~ cf}n f] gf) a"
9L cf}Fnf] dfemL cf}Fnfsf aLrsf] cf}Fnf] cf}Fnf] th{gL . ~ sldnf] gf) e'mSofP jf 5n]
Hofb} c;Xo x'g] uL lrNg] sfnf]
sf] sldnf] . ~ v gf) != k'fgf] vsf] 5fgf] dsfP kfgL
] 7fpFdf aLraLrdf 3';flg] gofF v . @= 5fPsf] 7fpFdf TofGb|f kf] t'n'{
\
e'mlG8Psf] v
u]8 ] lj) rf] u]8fx ldl;Psf] jf ePsf] (df;, e6df;, ;fgf] s]fp O)) . ~ u]8f] gf) lehf
pFbf klg gleHg] ksfpFbf klg gkfSg] df;, s]fp, rgf cflbsf] u]8f] c6]g'{ 8fOg' . ~ rs
f gf) != ;fgf]ltgf] rf] l7g]ldg] rf] rf]f . @= rf] rsf . ~ h'jf gf) h'jf v]Ng g
v]lng] h'jf hltv] kfof] pltv] v]lng] h'jf afx|df;] h'jf . ~ ahf gf) rf]] NofPsf df
gx lsga]r ug]{ ahf n'sfO{l5kfO{sg dfn;fdfg lsga]r ulg] ahf sfnf]ahf . ~ ahflof lj)
lsga]r ug]{ rf]L Jofkf ug]{ (dfG5]) . ~ ahfL gf) rf]Lsf dfn;fdfg lsga]r ug]{ sfd . ~
aQL gf) != k|foM rf]n] lng] aQL t'?Gt afNg lgefpg x'g] aQL . @= 6r{nfO6 . ~ af6f] gf
) v';'Ss lgSng] d"naf6f]af6 eGbf l56f] k'lug], cGts'Gtaf6 lemlsPsf] af6f] 58\s] af6
f] . ~ afnL gf) Ps hftsf] afnL nufPsf 5]psgfdf nufPsf] csf]{ hftsf] afnL . (ds} a
fnLleq wfg, wfg v]tsf cfnLdf df; cflb) .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

rf]:ofOrf}v  rf]:ofO gf) [ rf]l; ( cfO)] rf]l;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rf]:of
Og s) lqm) rf];f] kflg . rf]:ofpg k|) ] lqm) rf];f] kfg{ rRrf] tNofpg . rf} gf
) [;+) rtis] rfsf] ;dbfo aemfpg] uL ;d:t zAbsf cufl8 xg] zAb rp (h:t} rf}sf], rf}t
ff], rf}aGbL, rf}3]f] O)) . rf}7 frf}7 L gf) [rf}7 F f]rf}7 F L] ;fgf7"nf rf}7 F fx
] ;d"x rf}7 F f rf}F7L . rf}7 L gf) [rf}7 F f]O{] ;fgf] vfnsf] rf}7 F f] rf}7 F fsf
;fgf] k . rf}7 f] gf) [rf}yf]] tnltaf6 dfl:t ;fFu'lFb} uO{ ;fgf] 7]sLsf] h:tf] d'v
'g,] sf7 s'b F ] agfOPsf], t]n xfNg] 7]sL rf}yfOafasf] kldf0fdf t]n cflb c6fpg] efF8
f] . rf}l 8nf] gf) [rf}l8ncf]] rf}lt xf]rf] eO{ aLrdf cUnf] eP k'ms]sf] ;fgf] 7fpF
rf} l9:sf] y'Dsf] . rf}Flt; gf) t]lQ; / Pssf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;
\Vof #$sf] c\s . > rf
f}F rf}Flt; ;\Vofsf] . rf}t F L; gf) x]) rf}Flt; . > rf}FtL;f}F lj) x]) rf}Flt;f}F .
rf} L gf) [;+) rdL] k'R5sf] k'msf]{ f}F g} f}Fn] 9flsO{ e'mKk k]sf], 7"nf, nfdfn
f l; ePsf], xf]rf vf 7"nf] zL ePsf] b"wrflxF ;fdfGo ufO{sf] eGbf ljz]if kx]Fnf] x
] Ps hftsf] lxdfnL ufO{ rd|L . ~ ufO{ gf) rf} F L . ~ kf6f gf) kzxsf lkl7pFdf ;fdfg
Vg] sfdsf nflu rf}FLsf] pmgaf6 tof ePsf] y}nf] . ~ kft] gf) e]8fsf pmgdf rf}FLsf] pm
g ldnfO{ kf6}kf6fh:tf] kf] ag]sf] sDan . rf} ] lj) [rFjP] != k'R5 rFjh:tf] e'mK
x'g] (ufO{a:t') . @= kfv] sf]sf{nL c;Eo . ~ sf]bf] gf) rdh:t} e'mKkf afnf nfUg] Ps h
ftsf] sf]bf] . rf} f] gf) [;+) rd] != rf}FLufO{sf k'R5sf] e'mKkf] rFj . @= k'R5sf
f jf k'msf{df x'g] ;]tf] f}Fsf] e'mKkf] . rf}s gf)x]) rf]s . rf}s8f gf) [;+) rt'isn
f] != rf o'usf] ;d"x rt'o'{u . @= rf} v'f pkmfb}{ a's'{;L dfg]{ vfnsf] bf}8fO . rf}s
f! gf) [;+) rf?is] 5f]6f5f]6f l;
v}f] j0f{ x'g] Ps hftsf] d[u . rf}sf@ gf) [;+) rt'i
s] != h'jfsf v]ndf sf}8f xfGbf kg]{ Ps bfp (rf lrt, rf 3f]K6f], cf7 lrt cflb) . @=
rf}lt afa uL df6f] jf sf7ff agfOPsf], a:g] 7fpF jf ;fwg . #= efG;fsf r'nfsf] dem]
rsf] cUnf] v08 . $= wd{sfo{sf nflu agfPsf] d08k . ~ rbj ' f gf) o1sf j]bLjlkl ufl8Ps
f ;a} ln
\ufxsf aLr e'OFdf p7fOg] rf}sf] To;b]lv ;Lw} dfly 6fFlug] rFbj ' f . rf}sL
gf) ;fgf7"nf rf}sfxsf] ;d"x rf}sf To;;dfgsf c
408

j:txsf] ;d"x . rf}lsNnf gf) [;+) rtisLns] != rf lsNnfsf] ;d"x . @= hUufhldgsf rf}l
tsf] l;dfgf ;fFwl;dfgf rf}x2L . rf}sL gf) [rf}sf] O{] != ;fgf] vfnsf] j]bL rf}sfsf] ;f
f] k . @= ;Iff ug]{ k|xLx a:g] 7fpF jf clkm; . #= 5f]6L cf . $= a:gsf lglDt agfOPsf]
rf vf ePsf] kmn}Frf . %= ;Iffsf lgDt a;]sf dfG5] . (pbf) ;sn jg pv]Nb} rf}ls ;Dk"
0f{ dfof) . ^= rnfjlklsf] a:g] 7fpFb]lv tnltsf] vfg a:g] 7fpF . &= ;fwf0f vf6 . bf
!= rf}sLdf a;] kfnf]kxf lbg] JolQm kfn] kxfbf . @= cl3cl3sf] u|fdIfs . bfL rf}s
jf kb . rf}sg  f lj) [;+) rtisf]0f] != rf}lt sgf ePsf] rfsg]  ] rtisf]0f . g
@= rf sgfsf] ;d"x rf}sg . > rf}sg lj) rf}sgf ePsf] rfrf];] . rf}s ] lj) [rf}sf]]
rf ugfafa rf bf]a (h:tf] bO{ rf}s] cf7, rf rf}s] ;f]x| O)) . rf}sf] gf) [;+) rt
rf kf6f uL 9\uf]df6f]ff p7fOPsf] ;fgf] l9:sf] . @= rf}lt afa uL agfOPsf] sf7sf]
. #= vfg a:g] rnfdlgsf] cnUu 7fpF . $= lj) rf}s] (tLg rf}sf] afx|, rf rf}sf] ;f
]x| O)) . rf}sf]; gf) [;+) rtis] != ofn, 9f]sf cflbdf sf7, P]gf cflb h8\gsf lgldQ
agfOPsf] rfkf6] vfkf ofn, 9f]sf cflb h8\g jf nufpgsf lglDt agfOPsf] rf kf6f k]sf] sf
7sf] 3]f] k|m]d . @= rf ; rf}sf]0f . lj) #= rf;] . > rf}sf];L gf) != rf sf];sf]
@= rf sf];sf] lubf{ . rf}sf];] lj) rf ; ePsf] rf;] . rf}v08 gf) x]) rf}vG8 . rf}v
[rf v08] != rf v08sf] ;d"x . @= ckxQ] 7"nf] cfu|x . lj) #= rf ugfafa rf bf]a rf
f lj) [;+) rt'iv08] != rf}lt s'gf k]sf] rfkf6] . gf) @= rf s'gfsf] ;d"x . > rf}v8 '
) rf v'F8f ePsf] rf}s'g] rfs'g] . rf}v'6 gf) [;+) rt'is] != rf}lt afa uL tof kfl
s'gf ldn]sf] jf ePsf] ;fwg . @= ofn, 9f]sf cflbsf lglDt agfOPsf] fd08n rf}sf]; . #=
afa c8\slnPsf rf c+zdWo] s'g} Ps . rf}v ' ] lj) [rfv']] != rf v'f ePsf] (kz' jf v
, d]r cflb) . gf) @= kz' rf}kfof . rf}v ' gf) [rfv'] rf v'sf] ;d"x rfj6f v' . >
) lqm) != rf xftv'f Ps} 7fpFdf s;] afFlwg' . @= xftuf]8f grNg] cj:yfdf k'Ug' . rf}v
' L gf) kz'sf v'lg x]sf] Ps cjoj . rf}v'ofO gf) rf}vl' g]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

409

rf}u8frf}yL u'Gb|'s, l;GsL cflbsf] tsfL jf crfsf] rkfOg] c+z rf]S6f] . @= u'Gb|L, sk8
f cflbsf] ;fgf] lx:;f . #= v]tsf ufsf] ;fgf] kmu6f] . rf}6fO gf) [ rf}l6 (ofO)] != rf
}l6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [rf}6fpcfO] @= rf}6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] rf}6fOg' s)
lqm) rf}6f kfg]{ sfd ulg' . rf}6fpg' k|) ] lqm) rf}6frf}6f kfg{ 6qmf agfpg . rf}8
f lj) [k|f) rpj8] rf}lt ldn]sf] kmfs ePsf] To:tf] cfsfsf] (5ftL, gfs O)) . > rf}8fO
rf}8fkg kmflsnf]kg . rf}tlof gf) [rf}tff Oof] != rf}tffsf] x]rfxf ug],{ fhfsf ;a}e
ssf efOaGw . @= fhfff fhsLo ;Ddfg kfPsf aGwju{ fhvns . rf}tkm{ gf) [rf tkm{] != r
] efu jf kllw . lqm) lj) @= rf}lt rf}tkm{ . > rf}tkmL{ lj) rf}ltsf kllwsf] rf}lt
rf}tff! gf) != fhsfhdf ljZjf;sf ;fy ;xof]u ug]{ JolQm fhfsf] ;xsfL . @= k|frLg sfndf
l;+xf;g flvg] d~r . #= To;df a:g kfpg] ;Ddflgt JolQm . rf}tff@ gf) [ rf}tff]] != jfUd
tL c~rnsf] k"jf]Q { efudf x]sf] l;GwkfNrf]s lhNnfsf] ;b dsfd . @= rf}tff] . rf}tf
gf) ;fgf7"nf rf}tffxsf] ;d"x rf}tff c To:t} 7fpFsf] ;d"x . > rf}tflnf] lj) rf}tf
f] . rf}tfL gf) rf}tff]sf] ;fgf] k ;fgf] rf}tff] . rf}tff] gf) [;+) rTj] != rf}lt
OF6n] lrg]sf], cUnf] k]6Ldf dflg;x a:g] ;:tfpg] ;d]t Joj:yf ePsf] 7fpF . @= jkLkn
cflbsf 5fxfLdlg jlkl 9u \ f jf OF6n] lrg] To;dfly k]6L agfOPsf] 7fpF . rf}tfn gf)
rf tfn] tfnjfbgsf] rf PsfOdf ljz]if k|sfsf] Wjgg jf u~hg lgsfNg] tfn tanfsf] Ps vfnsf
tfn . rf}tfn] lj) [;+) rt] cToGt af7f] clt rt laTkft] . rf}lt; gf) [;+) rtl:q+zt\
!= tL; rf c\ssf] of]u ePsf] ;\Vof . @= t]QL;kl5 cfpg] ;\Vof #$sf] c\s . > rf}lt;f
rf}tL; ;
\Vofdf kg]{ t]QL;kl5sf] klxnf] . rf}tL; gf) x]) rf}lt; . > rf}tL;f}F lj) x])
rf}lt;f}F . rf}yfO gf) [rf]yf]cfO] != s'g} j:t' jf ljifosf rf efusf] Ps efu . @= P
s dfgfsf rf efudWo] Ps efu eg]{ ;fgf] efF8f] . #= dfgfsf] rt'yf{+z (gfk) . rf}yL!
gf) [;+) rt'yL{] != z'Sn Pj+ s[i0f b'j} kIfsf] rff}F ltly . lj) @= rff}F qmddf u0f
gf x'g] (:qL) . #= lgDg qmddf k]sL lgDg ;
\Vofdf ulgPsL r'TyL . rf}yL@ gf) [rt'el{ b|s
f] != b"w] afnsnfO{ 3f]6Lsf ;fydf

lqmof jf k|lqmof . rf}v'ofOg' s) lqm) rf}vl' g] kflg' rf}v'ofpg] sfd ulg' . rf}v '
;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != rf xftv'f Ps} 7fpFdf kf] afFWg' . @= rf}v'lg] kfg'{ . rf}v ' of
f) rf}v ' ofpg] cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . rf}u8f gf)x]) rf}38f . rf}uf] gf) [rfuf]]] r
3'd]sf] cfnL ePsf] v]tsf] uf] v]tsf] 7"nf] uf] . rf}uff rf}ufL gf) [rf}uff]rf}ufL]
f rf}uffxsf] ;d"x . rf}ufL gf) [rf}uff] O{] rf}uffsf] ;fgf] k . rf}uff] gf) [rf u
] ;d"x . @= rf}klsf uffdf 6fF;] agfOPsf] k]6L . rf}lub{rf}lubf{ gf) [rf kmf) lub{] !
Uuf cflbsf] rf}lt a]lPsf] kvf{n . lqm) lj) @= jlkl rf}lt . rf}ugf lj) [rf ugf]
asf] rfugf rfn] ulgPsf] rf bf]a rf}a . lqm) lj) @= rfsf] cgkftdf (7"nf] jf ;f
8 ] L gf) [rf u]8L] ;gsf] 3]f ePsf], aLr aLrdf df]tL, kGgf cflb hl8Psf] 7"nf] vfnsf]
dGb|f]h:tf] uxgf . rf}uf]8L gf) [rf} uf]8L] kn]F6L . rf}38f gf) [;+) rtis6] ftf c
fFvf hLp ;]tf jf sfnf] 6f6f ePsf], 3fF; vfg], rf} uf]8f prfn] lxF8\g], vfof]sf hfts
f] 3kfnf hGt 3vfof] rf}u8f . rf}38L gf) [rf 38L] rf 38Lsf] ;do . rf}38L gf) [rf
3f]8fff tflgg] aUuL rf}3f]8L . > rf}38] lj) rfj6f 3f]8f ePsf] rf}3f]8] . rf}3f gf)
aLrdf cfFug jf rf]s fvL To;sf] rf}lt agfOPsf] 3 . lj) @= rf}38] . rf}3fg gf) [rf} 3fg
lhNnf jf c~rn cflbsf ufpF, gu cflbsf] aLrdf x]sf] jf ;]s (kflxs) kg]{ uL tf]lsPsf]
dVo 7fpF ;b dsfd . rf}3]f lj) [rf 3]f] != rf}lt 3]f ePsf] (3, hldg cflb) . gf)
agfOPsf] k]6L . rf}3f]8L gf)x]) rf}38L . > rf}3f]8] lj) rf}38] . rf}rf} gf) [k|f) r
fx] nuftfsf] rfx pTs6 rfxgf . rf}6f gf) [rf}6f]sf] lt) )] x]) rf}6f] . ~ df; gf) xf8
, af];f] cflb gePsf] df;sf] rf}6f] kmndf; ftf] df; . rf}6L gf) != df;sf ;fgf7"nf
rf}6fxsf] ;d"x . @= rf}6f c To:t} rLhxsf] ;d"x . #= ;fgf7"nf ufxsf] ;d"x . ~ nfD6f
!= rf}6f nfD6fsf] ;d"x . @= sfd ubf{ 7"nf] ;f:tL kfPsf] l:ylt x}fgL 7"nf] >d . rf}
l6g c) lqm) [rf}6f] O g] rf]S6f xg 6lqmg . rf}6f] gf) [rf]S6f]] != df; cflbsf] 6
qmf] jf cfn, d"nf,

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

rf}yf]rf}; ld;fP vjfOg] df]y,] lkknf, dlh7f] ss{6z[u \ Lsf] w"nf] . @= o;L tof ul
Ps yL cfoj]{lbs cf}ifwL . rf}yf] lj) [;+) rty] { != t];f |k ] l5sf] rty{ . @= uG
bf jf uGtL ubf{ rff}Fdf kg]{ f]nqmddf rff}Fdf k]sf] . rf}b08L gf) x]_ rf}bG8L . rf}bG
L gf) [;+) rtb{08s] != rf}lt b08n] 3]lPsf] kmflsnf] hUuf rf}lt vnf x]sf] 7fpF .
 lhNnfsf] k|frLg gfd . rf}bGtrf}bGtf lj) [;+) rtbG { t] != rf bfFt jf bfx|f ePsf]
. gf) @= rf bfFt jf bfx|f ePsf] xfQL . rf}w lj) [;+) rtb{z] != b; c\s rf c\ssf of]u
Vofsf] . gf) @= t]x|kl5sf] ;\Vof, !$sf] c\s . rf}wfO{ gf) [rf}wL cfO{] != g]kfn tfO{
Nnf, df}hfdf cfafbuNhf ufpg] ;f] df}hfsf] c;ntxl;n uL ;sfdf aemfpg] rf}wLn] ug{
{ sfdst{Jo . @= ;f] sfd u]afkt vfg kfpg] b:t/ . rf}wL gf) [;+) rtw{ls] != rf} j0f{
jf cf>ddf xg] JolQmxsf] b]vefn ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbOg] kbljz]if . @= tfO{jf;L jf tfO{ d
"nsf yfxnfO{ ;Ddfg uL af]nfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . rf}wG  brf}wG  g lqm) lj) [rf} wf
] c;fWo} rf}k} la5 . rf}wf} lj) [rf}wcf}] F rf}w ;
\Vofsf] qmddf cfpg] rf}w gDadf
kl5sf ;
\Vofsf] . rf}k6 gf) [;+) rt'ik6] != sf}8f v]nsf] Ps bfp rf 7f8f . @= ;Tofgfz
. #= cGofo h'n'd . lqm) lj) $= w]} lgs} rf}k} . lj) %= gi6 5f:6 :jfxf . ^= rf}lta
f 5n{
\
(hldg cflb) . &= rfkf6] . rf}k lqm) lj) [rf}k6] != cToGt la5 . lj) @= clt Ho
. rf}kL gf) [;+) rt'ikl6sf] != rf}tkm{ ;' ldn]sf] hldg . @= hUufsf] rf}x2L . rf}kvf{
n gf) [rfkvf{n] hUufhldg, 3, au}r F f cflbnfO{ 3]g{ rf}ltaf6 p7fOPsf] kvf{n rf}lt
f] kvf{n . rf}kfO{ gf) [;+) rtikbL] != rff]6f vf ePsf] sf7 cflbsf] vf6 . @= rf kf6
f k]sf] sg} la5fpgf . #= Ps kfpdf ;f]x| dfqf ePsf] clGtd bO{ cIf u? xg] dflqs 5
Gb . rf}kfof lj) [;+) rtikb] != rfj6f vf xg] . gf) @= rfv] kz . rf}kfnf! gf) [rf
f] != xfQLsf] xf}bfdfly hl8Psf] rFbjf ePsf] a:g xg] ;fwg . @= Dofgfsf cfsfsf] ;
jfL;fwg . rf}kfnf@ gf) [rf kfnf] k"hfsf ljleGg ;fdfg fVg], rf v08 ePsf], wftsf] efF8f
k"hfsf] efF8f] . rf}aGbL gf) [rf aGbL] bflxg] sf]vflt tndfly bO{ 7fpF
410

b]a|] sf]vflt tndfly bO{ 7fpF uL hDdf rf 7fpFdf afFlwg] tgf ePsf] j:q (rf]nf], ef
]6f] O)) . ~ rf]nf] gf) rf 7fpFdf tgf afFlwg] rf]nf] . ~ ef]6f] gf) rf 7fpF tgf afFW
gkg]{ ef]6f] . rf}a lj) [rf af] != rf ugf kldf0fsf] . @= rf}v08 rf k6snfO{ kUg]
:t) . rf}af6f] gf) [rf af6f]] rfj6f af6fx ldn]sf] 7fpF rf}lt hfg] af6f ePsf] vnf 7
rf}af; gf) [rf jf;] != Ps} 3sf dflg;xn] rflt af; ug]{ sfd rflt af; xg] l:ylt . @
lbgsf] af; . rf}la; lj) [;+) rtlj{+zlt] != aL; rf hf]8]sf] ;\Vofhlt . gf) @= rf}aL
;sf] ;\Vof @$sf] c\s . > rf}la;Lrf}la;] gf) != rf}aL;j6f ;fgf;fgf fHox ePsf] If]q
| 0fIf]qsf fHoxnfO{ dWosfnLg g]kfndf lbOPsf] ;fd"lxs gfd (ndh, sf:sL, gjfsf]6, ;tx
F, uxF, eLsf]6, 9f], k}o"F, tgxF, ll;\, l3l, uhsf]6, kfNkf, uNdL, c3f{, vfFrL,
unsf]6, dl;sf]6, wsf]6, O:df, Ko"7fgf, vdL, ljdL) . lj) @= rf}aL;sf] rf}aL;;DaGw
L . rf}la;f} lj) rf}aL; c
\s jf ;
\Vofdf kg]{ t]O;kl5sf] klxnf] . rf}aL; lj) x]) rf}la;
. > rf}aL;L gf) x]) rf}la;L . rf}aL;] gf) x]) rf}la;] . rf}la;f} lj) x]) rf}aL;f}F .
rf}df; gf) [;+) rt'df{;] != rf dlxgfsf] ;d"x . @= cfiff9 z'Sn PsfbzLb]lv sflQs z'
Sn PsfbzL;Ddsf] cjlw . > rf}df;f gf) != rf}df; . @= rf}df;sf cj;df ulg] wd{sd{ . rf}
df;] lj) rf dlxgfdf xg] jf ePsf] rfdlxg] (kq, klqsf O)) . rf} d  v Lrf} d  v ] lj
[rf d v P] != rfd v ] . @= rfltaf6 ulg] jf xg] . rf}dx  fg gf) [rf dxfg] != r
g Ps} 7fpFdf ldNg] 7fpF . @= rf dfu{ jf gbLsf] ;\ud (af6f], uf}F8f], gbL, 3f6 cflb
) . > rf}dxfg] lj) != rf}dx  fg x]sf] jf ePsf] (7fpF) . @= rf}dxfgsf 5]p5fp a:g
] . rf}! gf) [;+) rTj] b"af] cflb 3fF; pld|Psf] vnf d}bfg rp . rf}@ gf) [;+)] != rf
] sfd ug]{ JolQm rf] . @= ;+:s[t efiffsf Ps k|frLg slj . sd{ gf) rf]g{] sfd wg;DklQ
x0f ug]{ sfd rf]L . rf}rg gf) [;+) rf} rGb|] != u0f]z rf}yLsf lbg dgfOg] ;f+:s[lts pT
0f]z rf}yLsf ftL kmnk"mn cflb rf]g]{ kj{ . @= nf]swf0ffcg;f pQm rf}yLsf lbg rf}bf]i
faf6 nfl~5t rGb|df ryf (g]jf)) . rf}; lj) [;+) rt;|] != rf sgf k]sf] rf sgf ldn]
g] (7fpF, hldg, j:t O)) . @= kmflsnf] ;Dd .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Gha.p65

411

rf}:tfRofv' rf}nfgL gf) [rfdnkfgL] rfdn lehfP lgsfn]sf] kfgL rfdn kvfn]sf] kfgL . >
nfg] gf) != n'F8]sf] ;fu . @= lrNnf 7"nf kft x'g] ;fwf0f hftsf] v . lj) #= rf}nfgLh
:tf] kftnf] (dxL cflb) . rf}zfnf gf) [;+) rt'Zzfnf] aLrdf kmflsnf] cfFug fvL To;jlkl
3'dfP agfOPsf] 3 . rf};6\l7cf} F rf};6\l7of} F lj) rf};6\7L ;
\Vofsf qmddf cfpg] rf};6
7L ;
\Vofsf] . rf};6\7L gf) [;+) rt'Mifi7L] ;f7L rf hf]8b \ f x'g] ;
\Vof ^$sf] c\s
@= ;f7L rfsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;f] ;\Vofdf kg]{ jf xg] > rf};6\7Lcf} lj) x]) rf};6\l7c
}F . rf}; lj) [rf;'] != rf}lt ;' ldn]sf] rf} s'gf afa ePsf] . gf) @= To:tf] j:t
f};Nnf gf) [rfzfn] != rf kq ePsf] zfn . @= fhfdxffhfxaf6 ljz]if pT;jdf ljlzi6 JolQmx
;Ddfg hgfpg cf]9fP lbOg] zfnsf rf kbf{ jf kq . rf};fnf lj) [rf;fn] != rf jif{df k"f
g] rf jif{sf nflu xg] jf x]sf] . gf) @= rf jif{df k"f ePsf] jf rf jif{sf nflu aGbf]a
ldnfOPsf] j:t' . ~ sd gf) rf jif{df r'STofOg] jf a'emfOg] sd jf b:t' . rf}xLrf}x6\7L
[rf}x2L] hUufhldgsf] rf}ltsf] ;Ldf hUufsf] rf} lsNnf lglZrt hldgsf] ;]f]kmf]f] . rf
f) [k|f) rf}xQl < ;+) rt'M;Ktlt] != lqxQkl5 cfpg] ;
\Vof &$sf] c\s . lj) @= ;QL rf
) of]u;\Vofsf] ;f] ;\Vofdf kg]{ jf xg] . > rf}xQ/f} rf}xQ/ ;\Vofdf kg]{ jf cfpg] rf}
Q gDasf] . rf}xQfrf}xQL lj) [rf xft] rf xft nfdf] rf xftsf] gfk ePsf] rfxft] . rf
] rf}ltsf] xb jf ;Ldf rf lsNnf . Rr gf) [c) d")] Hofb} k|kmlNnt, xlif{t cfZro{rlst
Fbf :jefjtM lha|f] aHg] jf ahfOg] Wjlg . Rr gf) To;L k|kmlNnt, xlif{t Pj+ cfZro{
rlst xFbf lha|f] aHg] jf ahfOg] l?Qm Wjlg . Rojg gf) [;+)] != rxg] sfd tKsfO . @
= kf0fcg;f clZjgLsdfn] cf}ifwL uL a"9f] cj:yfaf6 hjfg agfOPsf k|l;4 Ps k|frLg Cli
f . k|fz gf) rf6] vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] zlQmj4{s cfoj]{bLo cf}ifwL . Rofv! gf) x]) RofFv
. Rofv@ gf) [;]vL > :ofFv] != sf}t F Ln] sf7 lrlx]sf avt sf}t F L gRoflkof];\ eg] l
7fpFdf 3';flg] sLnf] km];f] r's'n . @= cx
\sf cxdTofOF k'mOFsL . ~ tf]8fO gf) s;}sf
tL{, cxdTofOF, OR5f cflbnfO{ bdg uL ;f6f] km]g{] sfd d]v dfg]{ sfd RofFv tf]8\g] sf
d . Rofv' gf) [ef]) a)] lxdfnL e]sdf kfOg] ;]tf]
sf] l;+x Rofv .

rf}:tf gf) [rf:tf] rf}ltaf6 5'6g \ ] ldNg] 7fpF rf}af6f] . rf}fgAa] gf) [k|f) r
rt'gj { lt] != gAa] rf hf]8\bf x'g] ;
\Vof ($sf] c\s . lj) @= gAa]dfly rf yKbf x g
;\ V ofsf] Tolt ;\ V ofdf kg] { . > rf}fgAa]cf} rf}fgAa]of} lj) rf}fgAa] ;
\Vo
f kg]{ . rf}fGgAa] gf)lj) x]) rf}fgAa] . > rf}fGgAa]of} lj) rf}fgAa]cf}F . rf}f;
!= rl9g] 3f]8fsf 3fF6Ldf nufOg] ;;fgf 306xsf] dfnf . @= hLjn] rf}f;L of]lg 3'Dg'
k5{ eGg] syg ;a}lt (h:t} rfrf}f;) . rf}/fl;cf}Frf}/fl;of}F lj) rf}/f;L ;\Vofsf] qm
g] rf}/f;L c\ssf] qmddf /x]sf] . rf}f;L gf) [k|f) rpf;LO < ;+) rtzLlt] != c;L rf
Fbf xg] ;\Vofafasf] c\s *$sf] c\s . lj) @= c;L rf hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vofsf] ;f] ;
~ cf;g gf) != of]u;fwgf ubf{ al;g] rf}f;Lj6f dflgPsf cf;g . @= ltqmL8fsf ljleGg cf;
g . ~ l;4 gf) O;fsf cf7f}F ztfAbLsf cfwfcfwLb]lv afx|fF} ztfAbL;Dd ePsf k|wfg rf}f
;L l;4 [n"Okf, nLnfkf, ljkf, 8f]lG8kf, zjkf, ;xkf, s\sfnLkf, dLgkf, uf]Ifkf, rf]\uLk
jL0ffkf, zflGtkf (Tgfs zflGt), tlGtkf, rdlkf, v\ukf, gfufhg { , sGxkf (ro{kf), s0f{
lkf (cfo{bj ] ), yugkf, gff]kf, zlnkf (zLnkf), ltnf]kf (ltNnf]kf), 5qkf, eb|kf, bf
]vlGwkf (lvl08kf), chf]lukf, sfgkf, wf]lDdkf, s\s0ffkf, vdlkf (sDankf), 8]lkf, eb{kf
, tGw]kf (tGt]kf), ssl  kf, slrkf (s;"lnkf), wd{kf, dxLkf (dlxnkf), clrlGtkf,
enxkf (ejkf), glngkf, e;skf, OGb|e"lt, d]sf]kf, s7flnkf (s2flnkf), sdf{kf (
sDalkf), hfnfGwkf (hfnwfs), fxnkf, wj{lkf (wd{lkf), ef]xlkf, d]bgLkf, k\shkf, 306f
h|kf), hf]uLkf, (chf]lukf) r]ns  kf, u08lkf (uf]?kf), nlrskf, lgu0 { fkf, hofg
Gt, rk{l6kf (krlkf), rDkskf, levgkf, elnkf, sdlkf, vlkf (hjl chklnkf), dl0feb|f (of]
lugL), d]vnfkf (of]lugL), sgvnkf (of]lugL), snsnkf, sGtlnkf (sGyflnkf), wxlnkf
(wxlkf), pwlnkf (pwlkf), skfnkf (sdnkf), lsnkf, ;fukf, ;j{eIfkf, gfuaf]lwkf, bflskf
, k|tlnkf, kgxkf (pkfgxkf), sf]sflnkf, cg\ukf, nIdLsf (of]lugL), ;dbkf elnkf (of
lnkf)] . > rf}f;Lcf} rf}f;Lof} lj) rf}/fl;of}F . rf}o { gf) [;+)] rf]L rf]Lsf]
n'sLl5kL ulg] ;Def]u u'Kt d}y'g . j[lQ gf) rf]Lsf] k];f rf]L g} hLljsfsf] d'Vo cfw
g] Jojxf . rf}n gf) [;+)] lhhfltn] dflgcfPsf ;f]x| ;+:sfdWo] Ps ;+:sf r"8fsd{ d'08g
sd{ gf) 5]j d'08g .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

Rofv]RofK6L Rofv] gf) [rfvP] != h'jfdf vfn] v]nf8Lafx]ssf JolQmn] aNemfpgsf lgldQ yf
]sf] ?lkofFk};f . @= To:tf] k};f yfKg] JolQm . ~ bfp gf) cfk"mn] yfk]sf] RofFv] al
Nemof];\ egL ljrf ug]{ bfp To;L ljrf u] RofFv] fVg] jf aNemfpg] sfd . ~ wgf{ gf) Ro
] ] h:t} wgf{ s:g] sfd otfplt 8]u grnL cf; u] a:g] sfd . RofVnf gf) [RofFvnf] != ds}
kFw ] e'; kL7f] 5'fOPsf] rfdn ds}sf] rfdn . @= ljlQm jf emsf]{ nfu] eGbf wfg, ds} b
sf] rfdn . Rofuf gf) nf]Ug]dfG5]n] nufpg] :jb]zL 3a'gf jf ;]tf] vfF8Lsf] sk8f (lbJo
)) . RofRof lqm) lj) [c) d") RofF (l))] != ;;fgf afns ?g] lsl;dn] . @= rfsf aRrfx sf
5fF6;Fu RofpFRofpF . Rof7 gf) [:ofF7] emgSs p7]sf] l; emf]s k'mtL{ . > Rofl7g'Rofl
qm) PSsfl; l;fP 7"nf] :jn] af]Ng' s8\sg' . Rof; ] lj) [RofS;]] xf85fnf dfq} ePh:tf] b
Anf] dGRofF;] rfp] ;'s'6] l;nLv'] . RofO lqm) lj) [c) d")] != tft]sf wft'sf efF8fs
kfgL xfNbf jf kbf{ cfjfh cfPem}F uL . @= cfufsf] e'
u \ f |d ] f kfgL kbf{ cfjfh cf
Ph:t} . #= ttfPsf] l3pt]ndf tsfL cf]OFbf cfPsf] cfjfhem}F . gf) $= To:tf k|sfsf] cfjf
h . ~ ds} gf) tft]sf xfF8Ldf RofOF kfb}{ el6Psf], tfQft} vfFbf klg RofpFRofpF x
g], fd|L b"w ;lsg;s]sf, lr;f cnf}6f ds} e6]sf b"w] jf cnf}6f ds} . RofpRofp gf) [c)
d") RofpF (l))] != rfr'?
\uLx Ps}rf]l6 sfpFbf ;'lgg] cfjfh . @= lbSs nfUg] uL s]6fs]6L
sfPsf] cfjfh . #= srsr ug]{ sfd . lqm) lj) $= rfr'?
\uL sfPem}F uL . %= s]6fs]6Lx af]n
] l SofpFSofpF . Rofp ds} gf) [Rofpds}] x]) RofOFds} . Rofp gf) [;+) 5qfs] avf{sf] o
ddf e'OF, sf7, 9'
\uf, afF;, uf]a cflbdf pd|g], ljleGg
cfsfk|sfsf], vfg x'g] gx'g
gd jg:klt . Rofpg c) lqm) x]) lrofpg . RofsnRofORofs'nofO gf) b'O{ hgfn] b'O{lt
mG8fpFb} Nofpg] jf n}hfg] sfd ofOFs6 ' L ofgfs'6L . ' fem}F n8\gdf k|l;4, Rofv'f] gf
;+) rsf]] != ltqf s'v sflnheGbf ;fgf] ltqfeGbf 7"nf], ftf] r'Rrf] x'g], v}f] e'OF e
sf], fu] rf] . @= s'g} k|]dLn] k|]ldsfnfO{ x]]em}F z'SnkIfdf rGb|dfnfO{ x]lxg] pkdfdf
k|o'Qm x'g] ;f]xL rf] rsf] . Rof
\u ]| gf) [Rof
\uf| ] P] != Rof
\uf| laqmL ug{ Nofp
lQm . lj) @= cToGt b'Anf] ;'s6 ' ] g;] RofF;] . ~ wgf{ gf) slxn] ;:tf] kfOPnf egL s'
lxg] sfd .
412

Rof
\uf | ] gf) [ef]) a)] != hLpdf nfdfnfdf ofk'Nn] e'Tnf x'g] lxdfnL Onfsfdf kfOg]
Ps hftsf] afv|f] . lj) @= b'Anf] g;] RofF;] Rof
\u]| . Rof6Rof6 lqm) lj) [c) d") Rof6\
(l))] != afa 6fFl;g] uL n:;f nfu] . @= afa 8f]L cflb l5Gg] uL . Rof lqm) lj) [c
] != n:;fbf j:t' Ps} kN6 6fFl;Pem}F uL . @= 8f]L cflb l5Gbf r8\sf cfjfh cfPem}F . R
oft\g ;) lqm) != sk8f, sfut, kft cflb j:tnfO{ 5ofpg jf kmfg{ 6qmf kfg{ gi6 kfg
{ . @= kmfpg lrg{ . #= hah:tL vf]:g (lbJo)) . > Roftrt gf) RofTg]jg]{ sfd sfdsf
nflu jf ljgfsfddf klg sk8f cflb RofTg] jf kmf8\g] sfd . Roftrt] gf) != sfdsf nfl
u RofTg flvPsf] jf l7Ss kflPsf] sk8f Roftrtsf lglDt 5fOPsf] sk8f, sfut cflb . lj) @
= RofltPsf] RofTg l7Ss kflPsf] . RoftRoftL lqm) lj) sk8f, sfut cflb RofltFbf cfjfh
cfPem}F uL . RoftfRoft gf) k:kdf Ps csf{sf nufkmf6f] cflb wdfwd RofTg] sfd . Rofltg
 ;) lqm) != sk8f, sfut cflb 6lqmg kmf6\g lry|f xg . s) lqm) @= lrlg kmflg . R
fG6f lj) ;fgf] ufF7L jf sbsf] 5ltf] r k]sf] . ~ 3f]8f gf) ;fgf] ufF7Lsf] kmlt{nf]
8f . ~ RofG6L gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} RofG6fsf] ;d"x . > RofG6L lj) ;fgf] ufF7L jf sbsL l56
L5ltL r k]sL (cfOdfO{) . RofG6] lj) [RofG6fRofG6f] P] RofG6f jf RofG6f] k]sf] ;fg
jf sbsf] . ~ sdL{ lj) sg} j:t hf]8g \ ] ;fwg jf pks0f (HjfOg) . RofG6f] lj) != ;fg
f] ufF7Lsf] 5ltf] alnof] k8\sf] RofG6f . gf) @= To:tf] dflg; jf ufO{a:t . Rofk\g
) lqm) [k|f) rKk g] bO{ltaf6 RofKk kf] bafpg bflag] uL lyRg . RofkRofk lqm) lj) [
d") Rofk\ c (l))] != n:;fbf j:t 6fFl;Pem}F uL Rof6Rof6 . @= udL{, kl>d jf wsn] dv ;
fP . #= gd j:t rkfpFbf zAb lg:s]em}F u] . Roflkg s) lqm) [Rofk\ O g] RofKg] sfd ul
Rofk! gf) ;fgf] hftsf] Rof\uf | ] ;fgf] Rof\uf |] . Rofk@ gf) [;+) lras] != lrpF8f
b]lv tnlt ?b|306Lb]lv dfl:tsf] efu tNnfklsf lu+hf xg] efu . @= lrpF8f] . Rofkf] gf)
ofk\ cf]] bOl{ taf6 RofKg] ;fwg jf oGq r]kj  f. RofKhRofKHo" gf) w]} k:tf dflysf a
h]afh . RoflK6g c) lqm) [RofK6f] O g] != lylrP jf flrP kftnf] xg RofK6f] xg
ltsf j:tsf r]kdf k] lylrg . RofK6L gf) [RofK6f] O{] != sg} j:tnfO{ Rofk] lemSg] jf
Vg] sfdsf nflu rflxg] ;fwg lrD6L . lj) @= RofK6f] cfsf ePsL (cfOdfO{) . ~ sf6L gf) s
kfn cflb RofKg]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Gha'.p65

413

RofK6]Rjf:; gf) != Ro't x'g] sfd jf cj:yf r'xfO emfO v;fO . @= cfgf] kb jf :yfgaf6 e|
6 x'g] sfd . Ro"nL gf) [Ro"nf]O{] x]) lrpnL@ . Ro"nf] gf) x]) lrpnf] (kfpnf], kfn'j
f) . Ro}Ro} gf) x]) r]Or]O . Rof]t gf) [ef]) a)] of
, u'Daf cflbdf bdfxfh:t} 9f
9f
ah
9f
\u|f]eGbf 7"nf] vfnsf] afhf . Rjfs lj) fd|f] ;'Gb lx;L k]sf] . (ljz]iftM s]6L)
) [c) d") RjfFr \ P] ;'Fu' aFb]n a
\u' . Rjf7 lj) != Hofb} sfnf] eP klg lrNnf] rlD
@= Hofb} cldnf] r's . > Rjf7 ] lj) != Hofb} cldnf] rsf]{ cldnf] . @= clt sfnf] r'sh:t
f] sfnf] RjfF7 . RjfO lqm) lj) [c) d")] != cfufdf jf tft]sf wft' kTy cflbdf kfgL xfN
bf cfjfh lg:s]em}F uL . @= tft]sf l3pt]ndf tsfL cf]OFbf cfjfh cfPh:t} jfOF . > RjfO
lj) tft]sf t]n, l3p cflbdf lr;f] j:t' kbf{ cem 7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] tsfL cf]OF
bf h:t} eP . RjfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") Rjfs\s] != lha|f] ahfpFbf Rjfs\ zAb pTkGg ePh:t}
uL . @= ufnfdf r'Dag ubf{ cfjfh cfPem}F . Rjf lqm) lj) [c) d") Rjf6\6] != df]6f] lvl
f] lsl;dsf] wfuf] jf 8f]L r'lF 8Pem}F uL . @= em t'?Gt rfF8f] . RjfKk lqm) lj) [c) d"
Rjfk\k] != s'g} l;nf] j:t'sf] uKkmf d'vdf xfNg] lsl;dn] . @= ufnfdf DjfOF vfFbf t
Lvf] cfjfh cfPem}F uL . RjfkmL gf) [g]jf)] afF;sf l;Gsfxsf] d'7f kf] agfOPsf] Ps k|sf
f] s'rf] . RjfdRjfd lqm) lj) [c) d") Rjfd\c (l))] != rfd|f] j:t' rkfpFbf zAb cfPem}
F uL . @= wdfwd DjfOF vfFbfsf] cfjfhem}F . RjfDd lqm) lj) [c) d") Rjfd\d] l;nf] gd j
t'sf] ufF; d'vdf xfnL rkfPem}F uL . RjfDNof
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") RjfDNof
\
] kfgLdf rf]kl
f cfjfh cfPem}F uL jfDNof
\
. Rjf{ lqm) lj) [c) d") Rjf\] != tft]sf l3pt]ndf kfgLs
bf{ cfjfh lg:s]em}F uL . @= kftnf] sk8f, sfut cflb RofQf lg:sg] zAbsf lsl;dn] . R
jfnL gf) xfF;, s'v'f cflbsf cG8fleqsf] ;]tf] kbfy{ . Rjf;Rjf; lqm) lj) [c) d") Rjf;
\c (l))] afDaf cfuf], l;:g' cflbn] kf]Ng] uL k6sk6s sfF9f] cflb laem]em}F eP . Rjf:;
) lj) [c) d") Rjf;\;] != cfuf], l;:gf] cflbn] kf]ne ] m}F uL . @= sLnfsfF6f labf jf
s'g} j:t'n] 3f]Rtf tLj| b'Mv cfPem}F . #= s;}sf] s6' jrg dgdf u8\g] lsl;dn] .

sfF6f ;]K6Llkg . RofK6] lj) [RofK6f]P] RofK6f] k]sf] RofK6f] cfsf ePsf] . ~ l;p8L g
]Fnf k"mn kx]Fn} kmn x'g], nfdfnfdf sfF8s } fF8f ePsf], afSnf] kftsf 5fF6sf], Ps
k|sfsf] l;pF8L dlb;]sfF9f] . RofK6f] lj) [;+) lrlk6] r]K6f] k]sf] r]K6f] ag]sf] r]lK6
sf] . RofKk lqm) lj) [c) d") Rofk\ k] != dv ;s] lha|f] tfndf hf]l8Ph:t} uL . @= s
g} j:tdf 6fFl;Pem}F eP . RofK;f] gf) [Rofk\ ;f]] != RofKg] ;fwg . @= Pp6} kmNofs lr]
aLrdf sAhfh:t} agfO{ p3fg{ nfpg xg] tyf k:ts fVg] sfd ulg] sf7sf] ;fwg vl6of . #=
]v}]vf k] 3d]sf] clg tLvf] 6Kkf] ePsf] sf7 cflb 5]8\g] kmnfd] ;fwg . lj) $= bAnf
] RofF;] kftnf] . Rofa|  gf) [ef]) a)] != lnDa"hfltdf k|rlnt Ps nf]sg[To . @= fO{ln
Da"df k|rlnt, vL gnufPsf] 9f]nh:tf], 7"nf]  ahfP gflrg] lnDa" hfltsf] tfnafhf . ~
gfr gf) Rofa| Ps nf]sg[To . Rofdnf gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnsf] ;f]nvDa lhNnfdf kg]{ &
,@&^ ld6 cUnf] Ps lxdfnL rrf] . Rofd7L gf) [RofDd d7L] x]) rfdd7L . Rofd] gf) [g]
jf) Rofdvn] ;;kmfOsf] sfd u] hLljsf ug]{ JolQm . RofDk6L gf) [g]jf) RofDktL] nK;Lsf]
laofF . RoflDkog gf) [c\)] cToGt bIftfsf ;fy v]n cflb v]Ng], sfd ug]{, ;kmntf k|f
Kt ug]{ JolQm . RofDd lqm) lj) [c) d") Rofd\ d] a];L RofKg] lsl;dn] bx|f];Fu cF7fPem}F
uL . RofRof lqm) lj) [c) d") Rof\ c (l))] sk8f, sfut cflb v?v? RofltPem}F uL . >
LRofRofL lqm) lj) cem l56f] RofRof eP . Rof{ lqm) lj) [c) d") Rof\ ] sk8f, sfut
jfh lg:s]em}F uL Wof{ . Rof:; lqm) lj) [c) d") r;\ > Rof;\ ;] != xNsf;Fu 5f]P . @= sfF
f cflb la:tf} laem]em}F uL . Rofxf gf) [c) d")] != ;fgf] afns ?Fbfv]l lg:sg] zAb . lq
m) lj) @= afns f]Ph;L afns ?Fbf cfjfh cfPem}F . Rofxf lqm) lj) nuftf afns f]Psf] c
lg:sg] lsl;dn] . Rofxfg gf) x]) lrxfg . > Rofxfg] lj) lrxfg] . Ro't lj) [;+)] != s'
g} j:t' jf 7fpFaf6 r'xs ] f] em]sf] (tn kbfy{) . @= kltt e|i6 . #= cfgf] kb jf :yfgaf
6 v;]sf] :yfge|i6 kye|i6 . ~ ;+:s[lt gf) Jofs0fn] k|dfl0ft gu]sf cz'4 zAbxsf] k|of]u
bf{ ;flxlTos dfGotfsf lj?4 kbxsf] Jojxf ubf{ x'g hfg] Ps bf]if . > Ro'lt

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
55s'aGhf
414

5
5! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] ;ftf}F j0f{ tfnJo,
:kz{;
\3ifL{, c3f]if tyf dxfk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ rju{sf] bf];f |] cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj
0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg 5ft] 5 . 5@ c) lqm) [;+) cl:t] k|yd k'?if, Psjrg j
t{dfg sflns cl:tTj afpg] Ps zAb . 56gL gf) [5fF6cgL] != 5fF65'6 F kfg]{ sfd 5F6fO .
= w]} eP ufFlhO{ ;]k nfUg] cj:yfdf k'us ] f af]6la?jfnfO{ pv]n ] 5ltf] kfg]{ jf l7Ss
fVg] sfd . #= sg} kbfy{df ldl;Psf] ljhftLo kbfy{ jf clgi6 j:t'nfO{ x6fpg] sfd . $
= cgfjZos jf cN5L cof]Uo sfdbfxnfO{ x6fpg] sfd khgL . %= ljleGg 7fpFdf n}hfg] j:t'xn
fO{ a]Unfa]Un} 5'fpg] sfd . d6gL gf) 5fF6g \ ] ldnfpg] sfd 5fF65'6 F . 56fO gf) [
(cfO)] != 5fF6g \ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= 5F6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
> ] 56fOg' s) lqm) != 5fF6\g nufOg' 5fF6\g] kflg' . c) lqm) 5fF6f r9\g] xf]Og' ax'nfO
g' . 56fpg'! k|) ] lqm) [5fF6 \ cfpg'] 5fF6g \ nufpg' 5fF6g \ ] kfg'{ . 56fpg'@ c) l
[5fF6fcfpg'] dl:tisn] fd|f; ] u F sfd guL ;gs r9\g' 5fF6f r9\g' ;Gsg' ax'nfpg' h
\
> 56fxf lj) 5fF6f r9]sf] ;Gsfxf xfjf v':s]sf] . 5l656fp gf) [5fF656fp] != uxgf, kf];
s]z, cflbsf] l;Fuf . lj) @= To:tf] l;Fufff lrl6Ss k]sf] l' lrlRofF . 56j ' f
\g] sfd ulPsf] 5fg]sf] (JolQm jf j:t') . 58n ' L lj) [5f8fpnL] 5f8f :jefjsL pQfpnL 5
afOkmfn] (cfOdfO{) . 58n ' f] lj) [5f8fpnf]] 5f8f :jefjsf] pQfpnf] G8Lafh JolerfL .
NofO gf) 5F8'nf] aGg] efj jf k|lqmof 5F8'nf] x'gfsf] rfn 5fn]kg . 58j ' f lj) [5f8fp
5f8f :jefjsf] pQfpnf] . 5bfO gf) [ 5fb( \ cfO)] 5fFb\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
5bfOg' s) lqm) 5fFbg \ nufOg' 5fFbg \ ] kflg' . 5bfpg' k|]) lqm) 5fFb\g nufpg' 5fFb
kfg'{ . 5Fbfxf lj) != 5fFb xfNg] sfd ug]{ . @= 5fFlbPsf] 5fFb5'Fb kflPsf] . 5Fb'jf
lj) != v'fdf afFlwPsf] 5fFlbPsf] (kz') . @= s;sf; u] ldnfOPsf] 5fFlbPsf] (efL) . 5;f
) [ 5f;\(cfO)] 5fF:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . . 5;fpg' k|) ] lqm) 5fF:g nfpg' 5fF:g] kfg'{
. 5O gf) xfQLnfO{ kl5 x6\g] kfg{sf lglDt elgg] zAb . 5s gf) [;+) rlst] sg} cgf}7f]
sf] b]v] jf ;'g] dg cf}tfpg] sfd 5Ss cfZro{ crDd . 5s5s gf) [c) d") 5s\c (l))] !=
f pTkGg x'g] zAb . lqm) lj) @= ]n lxF8\bf zAb cfPh:t} . > 5s5s] gf) != leq dl;gf u
]8f xfn] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] afhf jf v]nf}gf . @= ]n (afnaf]nLdf) . lj) #= 5s5s ug]{
(]n, v]nf}gf, afhf cflb) . 5s6f] lj) [5Ss8] != st} klg gldNg] :jefjsf] cgf}7f] tfns
f] . @= cklkSj sfFrf] . #= 5j6f bfFt dfq pd]|sf] k"f hjfg eOg;s]sf] (rf}kfof) . 5s8f
! gf) [5s8f] tLgj6} kf;fdf b'Ob { O ' { km'L cfPdf kg]{ Ps bfp 5Ssf kbf{ dfq rNg kfO
g] kf;fsf] v]nsf] Ps bfp . 5s8f@ gf) [;+) zs6] dflg;n] 7]n] rnfOg], dfn;fdfg cf];f
g]{ uf8L 7]nfuf8L . 5sNnL gf) [5sNnL] != 5j6f sNnL ldnfP agfOPsf] 7"nf] d'7f] . @= P
s ljz]if k|sfsf] g]kfnL 6f]kL . lj) 5d'7] 5 sNnLsf] 5j6f sNnL hf]8] agfOPsf] . 5sfO g
f) [ 5sfp(cfO)] 5sfpg] lsl;d jf lqmof . > 5sfOg' s) lqm) 5ndf kflg' 5sfpg] sfd ulg' .
5sf6'6 gf) [5sfp6'6] s]xL klg gePsf] l:ylt ;a} sfsf] cefj tftf] g 5ff] . 5sf gf) [
rju{sf] bf];|f] Jo~hgj0f{ 5 cIf . 5sfn gf) [;+) ;sfn] != dWofXgsf] ;do dWofXgsfn . @
laxfgsf] ;do ;vf . #= ;'g;fg l:ylt ;Ggf6f lg5fd . > 5sfnL gf) 5sfndf vfOg] vfhf jf r
]gf . 5sfn] lj) 5sfndf vfhf vfg] (JolQm) . 5sfnf] gf) != 5sfndf ulg] sfd . @= 5sfnL
. 5sfj6 gf) [5sfpcfj6] 5sfpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmof . > 5sfj6L gf) 5sfpg] rfn 5sfj6kg
. 5sfxf lj) [5sfpcfxf] 5sfpg] :jefj ePsf] 'SSofpg] . 5lsg c) lqm) [5Ss O g] != 5nd
Ssndf km:g . @= cnkq klg 5lng . #= lalg eNg . $= lhlNng 5Ss kg{ . %= 7lug
]sfdf kg{ . 5saGhf gf) cfg} hLpdf dfn;fdfg af]s] ahfdf nuL laqmL ug]{ dfG5] . > 5s
aGhfL gf) 5saGhfsf]
[ > ] 5;fOg' s) lqm) 5fF:g nufOg' 5fF:g] kflg'

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
415

5Ss56\sg 5656 lqm) lj) [c) d") 56\ c (l))] != eft 56\sb F fsf] zAb lg:sg] uL 5858 .
wdfwd sfl6P jf l5lgP 56f56 . 5656tL5656L lqm) lj) c} l56f] 5656 cfjfh lg:s] . 56gL
]) 5F6gL . 56k6 lqm) lj) [c) d") 56\ k6] != zfLls jf dfgl;s ysfOn] cw}o{ jf r~rn eP .
@= sf}tx " n jf pT;stfsf sf0fn] zLnfO{ c:k6 kfg]{ uL . gf) #= a]r}gL cw}o{ v6k6L . >
56k6fO gf) 56k6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 56k6fOg c) lqm) 56k6 ug]{ xf]Og . 56
k6fpg c) lqm) 56k6 ug{ cl:y xg a]r}g xg . 56k6fx6 gf) 56k6 ug]{ efj, lqmof jf cj
yf . 56kl6g c) lqm) != 56k6L xg 56k6fpg . @= c;Xo kL8f jf dfgl;s vnbnLn] x8a
8fpg tnanfpg . #= c:k6fpg . 56k6L gf) != zfLls jf dfgl;s j]bgfaf6 ePsf] cw}o{ j
f cl:ytf . @= a]r}gL 3afx6 x8a8L tnanL vNbnL ;s;s . 56k6] lj) 56k6 ug]{ vfnsf]
efj ePsf] x8a8] tnan] r6k6] . 56k6fO56k6fx6 gf) 56kl6g] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . 56f
[;+)] != sg} j:tdf kfOg] ;f}Gbo{ lx:;L zf]ef . @= k|sfzsf ls0fxsf] ;d"x sflGt bLlKt
#= ;d"x ;dbfo . 56fO gf) [5fF6fcfOF] 5F6fpg] efj kfunkg l;NnL rfn . 56fs gf) [;+) i
s] != Ps kfpsf] rt'yf{z + ;]sf] ;f]x|f}F efu kfFr tf]nfafasf] kldf0f . lj) @= Tolt k
f0f ePsf] (j:t') . 56f56 lqm) lj) [ 5656] wdfwd sg} sfd u] sg} j:t' sf6] l5Gg] uL
> 5656L lqm) lj) g\ l56f] 56f56 eP . 5l6xf gf) [d})] x]) 5}6L . 56]n lj) [5fF6Pn] ;f
O jf sfdufOdf cfgf] rnfsL b]vfpg ;Sg] w"t{ 56\6" rt' . kgf gf) 56]n JolQmsf] :jefj
j:yf w"tk { gf rft'o{ . 56\sg c) lqm) [c) d") 56\ s g] != eft pDnFbf 5656 zAb ug{ 5
zAb ug]{ uL kfSg . @= pl5lg ldlnSs;Fu k x6\g efUg . > 56\sf gf) xfQLsf k5fl8sf v
afFWg] 8f]L jf ;f\nf] . 56\sfO gf) != 56\sg] uL kfSg] lqmof jf k|lqmof 58\sfO . @= 5
6\sg] jf pDng] lqmof jf k|lqmof pDsfO pl5fO . #= 56\sfpg] jf pl56fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . 56\sfOg s) lqm) 5656 cfjfh cfpg] uL ksfOg 58\sfOg . 56\sfpg k|) ] lqm) != 56
56 zAb cfpg] uL ksfpg 5656 zAb ug]{ kfg{ . @= pDsg] kfg{ pl5fpg . 56\lsg c) lqm)
56\sg

sfd jf k];f af]s] nu]sf] ;fdfg ahfdf a]Rg] sfd . 5Ss lqm) lj) [;+) rlst] != cfZro{df
kg]{ uL rlst eP . @= lhNn kSs . #= b\u . 5Ssf lj) [k|f) 5Ss] != 5 bf]a 5 ugf 5Ss
;f]x| jf cf7 sf}8fn] v]lng] hjfsf] Ps bfp . #= tf;sf] 5 kmLjfn rSsL . $= tLgj6
} kf;fdf bOb { O  { cfpFbf kg]{ bfp . ~ rfn gf) 5SsfnfO{ dVo dfg] v]lng] tf;sf]
Ps v]n . ~ kGhf gf) != Sofgdf kf] jf 5n] csf{nfO{ wTg] sfd 56]nkg rnfvL . @= cgfj
;DaGw grflxFbf] jf:tf . 5Ssfn gf) x]) 5sfn . 5lSsg c) lqm) [5Ss O g] x]) 5lsg . 5Ss
lj) [5Ssf P] 5 bf]a 5Ssf (bgf]6 k9\bf) . 5SSofO gf) [5lSs( cfO)] 5lSsg] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . [ > ] 5SSofOg s) lqm) 5sfOg . 5SSofpg ;) lqm) 5sfpg . 5SSofj65SSofx6 g
f) 5SSofpg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . 55 gf) [c) d") 5\ c(l))] != 5fFuf cflbaf6 kfgL v:tfs
] Wjlg . lqm) lj) @= kfgL v:tf To:tf] Wjlg afa cfpg] uL 5fFuf cflbaf6 To;L kfgL v;]F}
eP . 5\uf5 gf) [5fFuf] ;] Hofb} cUnf] ljs6 vfnsf] eL jf kxf] . 5\ lqm) lj) [c
3|P pHofnf] b]lvg] uL rf}tkmL{ vnf b]lvg] eP 5f\ . 5rNsf 5rNsL gf) [5rNsf] 5rNsf]
5rNsf xsf] ;d"x . 5rlNsg c) lqm) [5rNsf] O g] != efF8f] jf ufu|fdf xflnPsf] kfgL sd
O{ 7Ss vfP xNng tn kbfy{ rNg . @= tn kbfy{ rNbf jf xNnFbf cfjfh lg:sg 5lNsg . 5rN
f] gf) [c) d") 5n\ (l)) sf]] != ufu|f cflbsf] cfwf kfgL 7Ss nfUbf pl5lg] lqmof jf ult
rlNsg] sfd p]ng 5f]TNofs5f]TNofs . @= pQm lqmof jf ultaf6 pTkGg Wjlg . #= layf]Ng] s
fd jf cj:yf layf]nf] uHdf}f] . 5rNSofO gf) [ 5rlNs( cfO)] 5rlNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
> ] 5rNSofOg s) lqm) 5rlNsg] kflg . 5rNSofpg ;) lqm) kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ xNnfpg j
f 5n5n ufpg . 5rNSofx6 gf) 5rlNsg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . 5rNSofxf lj) 5rNsg] vfnsf
] . 5 rf gf) [5 rf] bO{ kf;fdf bjfbjf Ps kf;fdf 5Ssf kg]{ kf;fv]nsf] Ps bfp . 56Ss
lqm) lj) [56\ > 56s\ s] != Ps} v]kdf sf6] jf l5gfn] Ps} k6sdf l5gfpg] uL, r6Ss . @= Ps
fPs 58\s ] jf kG5] . #= PSsfl; 5f8] ck{6 cnlUug] uL .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

55q yflng 58\lsg . 56\s ] lj) != 6]9f] jf t];f]{ . gf) @= 7f8f] jf 6]9f] kf] af]6la
jf sf6\tf afFsL x]sf] tLvf] 76f] . #= cfvfgfdf aLraLrdf jf crfgs xg] hfFr . $= 5
]sff] . %= 3f]Rg] jf lag] j:t . 56\sf] gf) 56\sg] lqmof jf cj:yf 56\sfOsf] ult . 56
\Sofx6 gf) 56\lsg] sfd, lqmof jf cj:yf . 5 lqm) lj) [c) d") 56\ 6] Ps} rf]l6 l5Gg] uL
Fu 56\ zAb lg:s]}F uL . 56\6  lj) [56\ p] sg} sf cToGt rfF8f] ug{ jf ufpg ;Sg]
]n w"t{ rtf] . > 5fO gf) 56\6" x'gfsf] efj 56]nkg . 5fOg' ;) lqm) 56\6n " ] }F
. 5fpg' ;) lqm) 56\6"n] }F 5sfP nfg' 56\6" kffn] sg} j:t' pDsfpg' . 58 gf) [;+) z
cflb wft'sf] 8f]nf] 8G8L jf ;f]7f 8G8L . 5858 lqm) lj) [c) d") 58\c(l))] != eft 58\
sb F f cfjfh lg:s];l 58\sg] u ] . gf) @= eft 58\sb F fsf] zAb . 58L gf) [;+) z] != xf
df lnP s6\g x'g] ;fgf] nf}f] l;s{g' . @= b08 lbgsf nflu jf ;'Iffsf lglDt xftdf lnOg]
blnf], lvlnf] nL . #= 3f]8fsf h'NkmLsf] 6'Kkf]6K ' kf] sf6] 5f]6f] kfg]{ sfd . $= sG
r6df skfn 5f]6fP ulg] 5F6fO . 58\sg c) lqm) [c) d") 58\ s g] != 5858 zAb ub}{ pDng
kfSg . @= 5;Fu pDsg jf efUg . > 58\sfO gf) 58\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 58\sfOg s)
lqm) 58\sg] kflg 58\sfpg nfOg . 58\sfpg k|]) lqm) 58\sg] kfg{ 58\sfpg nufpg .
58\sfxf lj) 58\sfpg] vfnsf] 58\sg] . 58\lsg c) lqm) != x]) 58\sg . @= plDng kmlTs
g . 58\s] lj) != 6]9f] jf t];f]{ . gf) @= 6]9f] 7f8f] kf] sfl6Psf af]6la?jfsf] 76
f] 56\s] . #= crfgs jf aLraLrdf xg] hfFr r]s . $= 5]sff] . %= 3f]Rg] jf lag] j:t .
58\sf] gf) eft cflb 58\sFbfsf] zAb ksfOsf] pdfn 58\sfO . 58\Sofx6 gf) 58\lsg] efj,
lqmof jf cj:yf . 5t gf) [k|f) 5Q] != 3sf] 5fg . @= k]jf a;fpgsf lglDt pEofOg] 5ftf
sf cfsfsf] 6fF8 k]jf a;fNg] cf8f . #= 6s jf nLsf] rfns a:g] 7fpFeGbf dflyNnf] efu . 5
tf5Nn lqm) lj) [5Q 5Nn] kGofnf] kbfy{ rfl} t kf]lvg] jf 5lg] uL 5fNnAofNn . 5ltpg
+) ;Ktk0f{] e]6g \ l} kR5] k|foM ;ft;ft j6f kft xg], ;;fgf ;]tf km"n nfdfnfdf s
f];f kmNg], rf]6 nfUbf jf sf6\tf b"w lg:sg] Ps hftsf] v 5ltjg ;Ktk0f{ . 5ltklt gf) !
= OHhtcfa? nfh;d . @= dfgdof{bf . 5ltjg gf)x]) 5ltpg .
416

5 tLg gf) [5 tLg] kf;fsf] v]ndf Pp6fdf 5 kmf, bf];|fdf bO{ kmf t];|fdf Ps kmf kbf
xg] Ps bfp kf;fv]ndf gf} sf] Ps bfp . 5t]h {] gf) [tf)] tfdfhfltdf gjhft lzzsf] gf
ds0f ;+:sf Gjffg . 5tf}L gf) [5tf}f] O{] != ufleg eOg;s]sL k7]uL | e]8f] e]8fsf] s
. @= 5f8f afgLa]xf]f ePsL s]6L . 5tf}f] gf) [;+) 5fut;] != e]8fsf] kf7f] . @= aLpsf
lglDt kflnPsf] efn] e]8f] laof8] e]8f] . #= 5f8f s]6f] . 5Q lj) [;+) 5q] sg} sfsf] kl
g e]befj gfVg] PsfDd] (h:t} Ps5Q) . 5Q gf) [;+) 5q] != 5ftf . @= kfg z}nLsf] 5ftf >
5Q] gf) fhf . 5Qf gf) [;+) 5q] != df}Ln] dx hDdf ug{ 5fpfx fVgsf lglDt agfPsf] 5f
sfsf] rfsf] . @= 5ftf 5q . 5lQ; gf) [;+) if6\lq+zt\] tL; 5 hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vof #^ sf]
c\s . ~ hft gf) hol:ylt dNn fhfn] j0f{ g5lPsf ;dfhnfO{ sfdsf cfwfdf ljefhg ulPsf hft
ofk", agL, d" (dNdL), b\u (8\uf]n), sfxfehf, sdfn], bnL, anxhL (an), gnL, oU \ j
f, uf}sf] (uf}) F , lrqsf(k) F, ef6(ef), l5kf, gsdL{(sf}), gfpm, ;dL{(;fNdL), vf};
f(v;M), ltKkf(t]k]), sNyf, knkn, sgf(sf]gf), uy(ufyf), tQL, aNnf, nd", lkxL, u
f}jf(Ujfnf), gGbuf}jf, aXndL,r]p, cfjf, kMdf+(e:ofxf), ;jf, sf]o]gf;f] ;3f(hs)
. ~ df;fsf lbg gf) ;f} nfdf lbg c;fsf] lbg . > 5lQ;f5lQ;] lj) != gfgfjnL bfpk]r hfGg
va} af7L 56]nL (cfOdfO{) . @= gvdfpnL . 5lQ;f} lj) ;
\Vofsf qmddf k}FtL;kl5 cfpg] 5Q
;sf] ;
\Vofdf kg]{ . 5QL; gf) x]) 5lQ; . > 5QL;f5QL;] lj) x]) 5lQ;f . 5QL;f} lj) x])
lQ;f}F . 5q gf) [;+)] != 3fdkfgL 5Ng cf]l9g] ;fwg 5ftf . @= ;'gsf] b08 ePsf] Tghl8t
df]tLsf] Nn nfu]sf] 5ftf Ps fhlrXg . #= lrof cflb la?jfsf] ;+If0fsf lglDt agfOPsf] 5
fk|f] . s gf) != 5ftfsf] cfsf h:tf] x'g] Rofp . @= df}Lsf] 5qfsf rfsf] . #= 5qfsf kf
gfOPsf] lzjdlGb . ~ rqm gf) z'ecz'e kmn atfpg] Hof]ltifsf] Ps rqm . ~ 56fO gf) 5ftfs
f] j[Qfsfh:tf] rf}lt afa kfL 5fF6g \ ] jf ldnfpg] sfd . 5fof gf) 5ftfh:tf] cf>o
; . wwfwfL gf) != 5qwf0f ug]{ JolQm fhf . @= fhfnfO{ 5ftf cf]9fpg] JolQm 5ft]
cf]9\g] . $= 5ftf lnP lxF8\g] . klt gf) fhf e"klt g[klt clwklt . kq gf) != :yns
ef]hkqsf] v .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
417

5qf5qfs5Gr ax'jrgsf] k 5 lqmofkbsf cfbfyL{df k|of]u x'g] lqmofkb . 5gs gf) [;+) 5G
Ps hgfnfO{ eg]F} kf ] csf{nfO{ 5]8 xfGg] sfd 3f]rk]r 5]85f8 Jo
\Uof]lQm . @= cfzo O;
|fo ;
\st ] ;'Os F f] cfef; k|tLlt efg . 5g5g gf) [c) d") 5g\c(l))] != ?lkofFk; }
uGbf jf rnfpFbf lg:sg] zAb xftdf nufOPsf r'/f aHbf lg:sg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= To;L
zAb jf cfjfh lg:sg] uL . > 5g5gfO gf) 5g5g uL zAb lg:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 5
g5gfOg' c) lqm) 5g5g uL zAb lgl:sg' . 5g5gfpbf] lj) != 5g5g zAb ug]{ . @= sg} lsl;dsf
] vf]6 gePsf] rxlsnf] . 5g5gfp lj) ;kmf;'U3/ :jR5 . 5g5gfpg' c) lqm) 5g5g x'g' 5g5g z
Ab lg:sg' . 5g5gfx6 gf) 5g5g zAb ug]{ efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . 5g5gfxf lj) 5g5g zAb u
g]{ . 5g5lgg' c) lqm) 5g5g zAb lgl:sg . 5g5gL lqm) lj) 5g5g u] . 5gdg gf) s]6fs]6Ln]
dfOnf] dfg] 6fpsf] bfofFafofF 3dfpg] sfd . 5gfO gf) [5fg\( cfO)] 5fGg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . [ > ] 5gfOg s) lqm) 5fGg nufOg 5fGg] kflg . 5gfpg k|]) lqm) 5fGg nfp
g 5fGg] kfg{ . 5gf5g lqm) lj) [5g5g] != ?lkofFk; } f cflb uGbf 5g5g zAb cfpg] uL n
uftfsf] 5g5g . @= ulgugfp vgvg . 5gjf! lj) [5fg\ pjf] 5fg] afFsL x]sf] 5fg] ls]sf]
] . 5gjf@ gf) xftLsf cufl8sf vf hf]8] afFWg] 8f]L jf ;f\nf] . 5gf]6 gf) [5fg\ cf]6]
Gg] jf f]Hg] sfd s]nfpg] sfd 5gfO . stf{ gf) ljleGg 7fpFdf k7fOPsf lr7Lkq cflb 5fGg]
sfd ug]{ JolQm 5fGg] JolQm . 5gf}6 gf) [5fg\ cf}6] x]) 5gf]6 . > 5gf}6f] gf) != 5flg
Psf] j:t 5fg] 5fl8Psf] jf llsPsf] j:t . @= 5fGg] efF8f] . lj) #= fd|f] hlt 5flgPsf
] 5fg] lnO{ 5fOPsf] jf ar]sf] . 5Gsg c) lqm) [5gs O g] != k|tLt xg efg xg cf
. ;) lqm) [ 5fg\ s g] @= x]) l5Gsg . > 5GsfO gf) 5Gsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 5GsfO
g s) lqm) 5Gsg nfOg 5Gsfpg] kflg . 5Gsfpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) 5gs lbg jf lbnfpg .
5lGsg c) lqm) != 5Gsg . @= 5Gsg] xf]Og . 5GSofO gf) 5lGsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . 5Gr gf) [;+) zlgZr] != wfdLn] lrGtf a:bf eGg] zAb . @= s;}sf hLpdf r9\g] jfojLo
jf cnf}lss zlQm (Hofb} 56kl6P otfplt ulxg] dfG5]nfO{ 5Gr nfu]sf]

#= 5qfsf kft xg] jg:klt . $= 5ltpg . ~ e\u gf) != fhkbsf] cGTo, cj;fg jf ljgfz . @=
fHo jf fi6sf :jtGqtfsf] gfz . #= Hof]ltifsf of]uxdWo] Ps . $= gk+;s xgfsf] efj, u
0f jf l:ylt . lj) %= fhkbaf6 Rot ePsf] . ^= gk+;s ag]sf] . 5qf5qfs gf) [;+)] 5ft
fsf cfsfsf] 7"nf] Rofp 5ft] Rofp . 5lqs gf) [;+)] 5ftf cf]9fpg] JolQm 5qwfL 5ft] . 5l
 c) lqm) [;+) 5q] != csf] 5sfOdf kg{ lSsg . @= lhNn kg{ xl:;g . #= s;}sf 7ufOdf
kg{ 7lug . s) lqm) $= 5ftf cf]l9g . 5qL gf) [;+) 5q] != sflt{s zSn PsfbzLsf l
bg tn;Lsf d7dfly km"ndfnfxff agfOg] 5qfsf ;hfj6 . @= rf]offf cfFvc } fFvf kf ] ag
] 5ftfsf] cfsfh:tf] lrqfdf ef]nf{, ;fn, g]eff] cflbsf kft 5flkPsf] cf]9f] af6nf] 3
d 5QL . lj) #= 5ftf cf]9\g] 5qwfL . 5ofO gf) [ 5lq( ofO)] != 5lqg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
fp cfO] @=5ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 5ofOg s) lqm) 5lqg] kflg 5lqg nfOg . 5of
;) lqm) 5lqg] kfg{ 5sfpg . 5b5bg gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tnfO{ 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] j:t cfj
f lasf]{ . @= zLsf leqL c\ux 9fSg] 5fnf . #= kIfLsf hLp 9fSg] kv]6f . $= v, nxfsf kf
5bfO gf) [ 5fb\( cfO)] 5fb\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 5bfOg k|) ] lqm) 5fb\g nufOg
 5fb\g] kflg . 5bfpg k|]) lqm) 5fb\g nufpg 5fb\g] kfg{ . 5bfxf lj) 5fb\g] vfnsf]
5fb\g] :jefjsf] . 5 bO { gf) [5 bO] { kf;fsf] v]ndf bO{ kf;fdf PsPs csf]{df 5Ssf
kbf{ xg] Ps bfp kf;fsf ljleGg bfpdWo] cf7 ;\Vof xg] Ps bfp cf . 5bjf lj) [5fb\ pjf
5fb\g] vfnsf] cf]sNg] :jefjsf] . :qL) 5bjL . 5 gf) [;+)] != Psn] csf k|lt fVg] sk6s
f] efjgf . @= Ps ljifonfO{ 9fs5f]k ug{ lgsflng] csf]{ sfsf] k|;\u axfgf lgxF . #= d
Vo k l5kfO{ gSsnL :jk b]vfpg] sfd . ~ tfk; gf) gSsnL hf]uL aflxaflx tk:jL}F eP leql
O{ 7Ug kNs]sf] 9f]FuL kfv08L JolQm . ~ gfd gf) jf:tljs klro nsfP cs}{ klro lbg ablnP
sf] gfd uKt gfpF . ~ efiff gf) sg} ljz]if p2]Zosf nflu agfOPsf] s[lqd efiff . ~ j]
z gf) agfj6L j]z gSsnL :jk . ~ j]zL lj) gSsnL j]z wf0f ug]{ agfj6L j]zdf x]sf] . > 5
!= 5j]z wf0f ug]{ 5j]zL . @= leq sk6 fv] aflx l7Ss kg]{ gSsnL . 5g\ c) lqm) [;+)
= xg lqmofsf t[tLo k?ifsf]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5GtL5d5d 7flgG5) . 5GtL gf) afF; km6fP tof kflPsf] r]K6f] j:t ef6f] . 5Gt]n gf) g]
sf] ljz]ifuL wf}nflul c~rndf a;f]af; ug]{ sg} Ps hflt . 5Gb gf) [;+)] != olt, ult no
ldn]sf] j0f{, dfqf cflbsf] u0fgfcg;f kBfTds rgf ulg] sg} lgZrt dfg jf k To;L u7g x
ljleGg lsl;dsf ljlzi6 jfSo j[Q . @= OR5f clenfiff . #= 5fF6 9\u rfnrng . $= aGwg ufF
f] . s gf) != Iff ug]{ JolQm Ifs . @= jf;b]j . #= uf}tda4sf] ;fly . ~ bf]if gf) 5
f j0f{, dfqf, olt cflb gldNbf ePsf] bf]if 5Gbf]e\u . ~ g aGbsf] lj) 5fF6sfF6 gldn]s
f] \u g 9\usf] a]5fF6sf] . aGb gf) cfsfk|sf, \uf]ug cflb fd|L ldn]sf] cj:yf
. ~ zf:q gf) 5Gbsf lgodxsf] j0f{g ePsf] zf:q 5Gbsf nIf0f pbfx0fxsf] j0f{g ePsf] lji
o . > 5Gbfgjl [ Q gf) csf OR5f, clenfiffnfO{ k"f ug]{ sfd csf{nfO{ lfpg] v;L kfg]
fd . 5Gb]Onf] lj) 5Gb ldn]sf] 5fF6sfF6 ldn]sf] lrl6Ss ks ] f] fd|f| ] . 5Gbf]a4 lj)
df afFlwPsf] 5Gbsf lgoddf n]lvPsf] jf /rgf ul/Psf] . 5Gbf]e\u gf) 5Gbsf lgodcg;f rgf
ulPsf kBdf x]sf] u0f, dfqf cflbsf] czl4 . 5Gbf]dv  L lj) 5Gbtkm{ s]sf] 5Gbsf] k l
Psf] . 5Gg! lqm) lj) [c) d") 5g\ c] != wft jf sfFrsf 6qmf6qmfdf 7Ss nfUbfsf }F zAb
pTkGg u] . gf) @= To;L pTkGg ePsf] zAb . 5Gg@ lj) [;+)] != sg} j:tn] rf}lt 9flsPsf
]lkPsf] ns]sf] . 5kSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 5ks\ s] != wflnf xltofn] s]f cflb sdnf j:t sf
\tf ;lhn}l;t zAb lgsfNg] uL . @= lj:tff];Fu 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] lsl;dn] . #= kfgLdf n
uf cflb 8afpFbf jf tsfL kvfNbf zAb lgsfNg] lsl;dn] . $= nSg] jf l5Kg] 9\un] . 5k5
k lqm) lj) [c) d") 5k\ c(l))] != vf; zAb pTkGg xg] uL sdnf] j:t sf6];l . @= kfgLdf l
eh]sf nuf cflb k5fbf{ zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] . > 5k5ktL lqm) lj) 5k5ksf ;fy . 5k5kfO
gf) 5k5k ug]{ lsl;d jf lqmof . 5k5kfOg s) lqm) 5k5k kflg . 5k5kfpg ;) lqm) 5k5k
kfg{ . 5k5kL lqm) lj) 5k5k u] . 5k5k] lj) != 5k5k cfjfh ug]{ . gf) @= v]nf8Lsf ;\Vof
sf cgkftdf tf;x 3f]K6fP w]} kmf cfpFbf lhltg] Ps v]n . 5kgL gf) [k|f) 5Kk O{] != r
] ag]sf] ;f]nLh:tf cfsfsf] hfF8 5fGg] rfNgL . @= kvf{n, rf}tff] cflbdf
418

flvPsf ;fgf;fgf 9\ufx gr6k6fpmg\ egL ltgdfly flvg] 7"nf] 9\uf] 3kgf 3kgL . #= t]n
bf e6]sf] kmnf] xfn]sf] r]kjfdf la:tf} ;fpg] rf]ofsf] efF8f] k]rf . 5kGg lj) [k|f
) 5Kk0f < ;+) if6\k~rfzt\] != krf;df 5 hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vofafasf] . gf) @= krf; 5 hf]
8\bf lg:sg] ;\Vof . > 5kGgf} lj) krf; 5 hf]8\bf x'g] ;
\Vofsf qmddf cfpg] 5kGg gDas
. 5kfO gf) [ 5fk\(cfO)] != 5fKg] lsl;d jf lqmof . @= 5fKtf jf 5kfpFbf nfUg] b:t' 5kfp
Fbfsf] vr{ . [ >] 5kfOg' s) lqm) 5fKg nufOg' 5kfpg] sfd ulg' . 5kfpgL gf) 5fKg] sfd
ua ] fkt lnOg] b:t' 5kfpg] sfd ua ] fkt nfUg] dx;'n 5kfOvr{ . 5kfpg k|) ] lqm) 5fKg
fpg db|0f ug{ nufpg . 5kf5k lqm) lj) [c) d") 5k\ cf 5k\] != nuftfsf] 5k5k 5k5kL . @=
5k5k . 5kfg gf) [5fk\ cfg] lgsf;L jf laqmLsf lglDt jgh\unsf vxdf dflg] 6fFrf jf To
tf] 6fFrf dfg]{ sfd 5kf}tL . 5kf]n gf) [5 kf]n] != tnfsf tf}ndf wfgL{sf] 5}6f}F efu
. lj) @= Tolt g} tf}nsf] . 5kf}tL gf) [5fkf cf}tL] x]) 5kfg . 5KsfO gf) [ 5Ksfp( cfO)]
5Ksfpg] lsl;d jf lqmof . [ > ] 5KsfOg s) lqm) 5Ksfpg] kflg 5Ksfpg nufOg . 5Ksfp
g k|]) lqm);) lqm) sf]dn j:t sf6\tf 5k cfjfh lgsfNg d"nf sf6]}F ;lhnf]l;t sf6\g .
5Ksf] gf) [c) d") 5k\ sf]] != sf]dn j:t sf6\tfsf] cfjfh . @= wfg cflbsf] f]kfOF . #
= wfg f]Ktfsf] cfjfh . $= lr;f nuf k5fbf{sf] cfjfh . 5Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") 5k\ k] x]
) 5kSs . 5Kk85Kk gf) [k|f) 5Kk] ;]pnf, kfn, v cflbn] 5fOPsf] ;fgf] 3 jf uf]7 k8L
. 5KNof5Kn gf) [c) d") 5Knf\ c(l))] != kfgL rnfpFbf jf v]nfpFbf cfpg] cfjfh 5Knf5
lqm) lj) @= To:tf] cfjfh pTkGg xg] uL jf pTkGg u] . 5laNn]5laNnf] lj) [;+) 5la ONn]
f]] != w]} 9fFrfsfFrf kfg]{ grflxFbf] z[u \ f ug]{ . > 5laNNofO gf) 9fFrf gvf clws
n :jf
. 5lAa; lj) [;+) if6\lj+zlt] != aL; 5sf of]u;
\Vofsf] . gf) @= aL; 5 hf]8\bf x
g] ;
\Vof kRrL;kl5 cfpg] ;
\Vof. > 5lAa;f} lj) 5AaL; ;
\Vofsf qmddf cfpg] 5AaL; gDasf
AaL; lj)gf) x]) 5lAa; . > 5AaL;f} lj) x]) 5lAa;f}F . 5d5d lqm) lj) [c) d") 5d\c(l))
= 3'F3 cflbaf6 afDaf zAb lgl:sPh;L . @= 5d5d zAb pTkGg u] .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
419

5dfO5L c
\safasf] ;
\Vof jf d"Nosf] . gf) @= 5 rfnL; hf]8b \ f x'g cfpg] ;
\Vof k}t
l5sf] ;
\Vof . > 5ofln;f} lj) 5ofnL;sf qmddf cfpg] 5ofnL; gDasf] . 5ofnL; lj) gf) x]
ofln; . > 5ofnL;f} lj) x]) 5ofln;f}F . 5ofl;cf}F5ofl;of}F lj) 5of;Lsf qmddf cfpg] 5o
f;L ;
\Vofsf] . 5of;L lj) [;+) if8zLlt\] != 5 c;Lsf] of]uafasf ;
\Vof jf c
\ssf] . gf)
5 / c;L a/fa/sf] ;
\Vof krf;Lkl5 cfpg] ;
\Vof . > 5of;Lcf} 5of;Lof} lj) x]) 5ofl;cf
. 5\g ;) lqm) [;+) If0f] != otfplt v;fNg c:tJo:t kf] lkmFhfpg . @= Aof8df wfg cfl
] aLp 5{5{ kfb}{ v;fNg aLp 5g{ . 55 lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\ c(l))] != j]u;Fu kfgL, u
:sg] lsl;dn] 5xfaf6 kfgL bf{}F zAb cfpg] uL . gf) @= To:tf] zAb > 55tL lqm) lj) cem
55fpbf] lj) 55 ubf]{ . 55L lqm) lj) 55tL . 55] lj) != 55 ug]{ . gf) @= 5fF
aLp cflb 5g]{ jf To;;Fu ;DalGwt sfd 5fOkfO . @= 5g]{ cGgsf aLp jf lahg . 5l5d]s gf) [
(l))l5d]s] cfgf 3jlkl x]sf 3x 5]p5fpsf ufpF3 cfgf] b]zk|b]z . > 5l5d]s lj) !=
sdf x]sf] . gf) @= 5l5d]ssf] lgjf;L . 5k:65k':6 lj) [;+) Ifte|i6] != otfplt rf}lt 5
dfNg sl7g x'g] uL 5lPsf] . lqm) lj) @= nyfln
\u etfe'
\u . #= otfplt rf}lt 5lP}F uL
g'5k'l:6g' c) lqm) 5k':6 x'g' . 5fO gf) [ 5\(cfO)] 5g]{ lsl;d jf lqmof . kfO g
fd . [ > ] 5fOg' s) lqm) 5g{ nufOg' 5g]{ kflg' . 5fpg' k|]) lqm) 5g{ nufpg' 5g]{ kfg
. 5l5 lqm) lj) [t'n) ;+) l6lt] 5ltf] rfF8f] x'g] lsl;dn] l56f]l56f] eP}F . 5ltf]
l6t] != sg} sfd ubf{ ;n jf ;xh kn] ug]{ (JolQm) . @= Jojxf ubf{, nufpFbf jf af]Nbf c
K7]f] gePsf] (dfn, j:q, jfs\z}nL O)) . gf) #= 5ltf] lsl;dsf] sg} klg JolQm jf sf] . >
5lTofO gf) 5ltf] x'gfsf] u'0f jf efj 5ltf]kg . 5lg' s) lqm) [5\Og'] 5fOdf kg'{
{ sfd ulg' . 5ldfnf] gf) [5ff](l))dff]] != vfgL . @= 5ff] . 5L gf) [;+) If'L] !
sGr6g]sf] nfdf] skfnnfO{ 5fF6] 5ltf] kflg] sfd jf cj:yf . @=

gf) #= To;L lg:s]sf] Wjlg > 5d5dtL lqm) lj) 5d5d u] 3'3 F ? ah]F} uL . 5d5dfO gf) 5
g]{ lsl;d jf lqmof 5d5d . 5d5dfOg' s) lqm) 5d5d zAb lglSng' . 5d5dfpg' ;) lqm) != 3
'F3? cflbaf6 5d5d cfjfh lgsfNg' 5d5d kfg'{ ahfpg' . c) lqm) @= 5d5d x'g' 5d5d cfjfh
lg:sg' . 5d5dfx6 gf) 5d5d cfjfh ug]{ lsl;d jf lqmof . 5d5dfxf lj) 5d5d cfjfh ug]{
5d5d cfjfh lgsfNg] . 5d5ldnf] lj) 5d5d cfjfh ePsf] . 5d5dL lqm) lj) 5d5dtL . 5d5d'
jf lj) != 5d5d cfjfh lgsfNg] . gf) @= 5d5d cfjfh lg:sg] afhf (3'F3? cflb) . 5dfO g
f) [ 5fd\(cfO)] 5fDg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] 5dfOg' s) lqm) 5fDg nufOg' 5fDg] k
flg' . 5dfpg' k|]) lqm) 5fDg nufpg' 5fDg] kfg'{ . 5Dsg ;) lqm) kfgL jf cGo kGofnf] k
bfy{ 5s{g kfgL l56\g . 5Ds lj) [;+) ;DoSs[t] != lrl6Sssf] 5ltf] ;xfpFlbnf] cfsif{
@= 9fFrfn lsl;dsf] . 5DsfO gf) [ 5Ds( cfO)] 5Dsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 5DsfOg
s) lqm) 5Dsg] kfl/g . 5Dsfpg k|) ] lqm) 5Dsg] kfg{ jf 5Dsg nufpg . 5lDsg ;) l
qm) != 5Dsg . s) lqm) @= ;]rg ulg l5l6g . 5Ds] gf) [c) d") 5Ds P] afF;sf k6fF;af6 a
gfOPsf] ;f]nL jf efF8fleq dl;gf u]8fx xfnL 5d5d uL ahfOg] afhfljz]if . 5Dsf] gf) [5
Dsf] cf]] 5Dsg] sfd 5DsfO ;]rg . @= 5DsFbf jf 5fKtfsf] j]u;lxt ;f] j]un] cf]u6]sf] kf
gL . 5Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") 5d d] 5Dd zAb;Fu 5d zAb ub}{ . 5oNn5oNn] lj) [k|f) 5fONnf]]
agfj6L :jf Rg hfGg] gvf ug{ l;kfn 5fn] . 5o;6\7L lj) [;+) if6\ifi7L] != ;f7L 5afa
gf) @= ;f7L 5 hf]8b \ f xg] ;\Vof . > 5o;6\7Lcf} 5o;6\7Lof} lj) 5o;Lsf] qmddf c
] k}; F Lkl5sf] klxnf] . 5oxQ lj) [;+) if6\;Ktlt] != 5 ;QLafasf] ;\Vof, c\s jf d
gf) @= 5 ;QL hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vof krxQkl5sf] ;\Vof . > 5oxQf} lj) 5oxQsf qmddf cf
ofsf] . 5ofgAa] lj) [;+) if6\gjlt] != 5 gAa]afasf ;
\Vof jf c
\ssf] . gf) @= 5 gAa]
8\bf x'g] ;
\Vof kGrfGgAa]kl5sf] ;
\Vof . 5ofGga]cf}5ofGgAa]of} lj) 5ofGgAa]sf qmddf c
] 5ofGgAa] ;
\Vofsf] . 5ofln; lj) [;+) if6\rTjfl+zt\] != 5 rfnL; hf]8b \ f x'g]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5?jf5n5n v]tafLsf sfGnfsGnL Pj+ l8ncfnLx 5fF6] lrl6Ss kfg]{ lqmof . #= sf7 jf afF;sf]
;fgf] 5ltf] nf}f] . $= rfxsf rf g
\u|feGbf leGg} cln dfly x]sf] kfFrf}F g
\u|f . ~
) 5Lsf] z}nLdf skfn sf6\g] lsl;d jf lqmof . bf lj) != 5L af]s]sf] nf}f] lnPsf] . @=
sf6]sf] skfn 5fF6]sf] a'na'n] fv]sf] afaL kfn]sf] . 5?jf lj) [5\pjf] != 5g]{ 5lPs
d u]sf] . gf) @= sf}8f 5] xfGg] Ps v]n . #= f]Kgfsf] ;f6f] 5lPsf] wfg, ds} cflb . 5s{
 ;) lqm) [;+) If s0f] kfgL, w"nf] cflb eO{Fdf 5g{ l56\g 5g{ 5ls{g . > 5sf{O gf
g] lsl;d jf lqmof . 5sf{Og s) lqm) 5s{g nufOg . 5sf{pg k|) ] lqm) 5s{g nufpg .
5sf{5sL{ gf) != lgGt 5sf{Osf] cfbfgk|bfg . @= ;fgf7"nf 5sf{xsf] ;d"x . 5sL{ gf) [5sf
] { O] ;fgf] 5sf]{ 5sf{sf] ;fgf] k . 5sf]{ gf) [;+) Ifs] != 5s{g] sfd 5{ kfg]{ lqmof
@= 5{ ug]{ jf 5{ u] g]{ sg} j:t (kfgL, w"nf] O)) . #= 5Dsf] . 55{ lqm) lj)gf) x])
5{fpbf] lj) 55fpFbf] . 55{L lqm) lj) 55L . 55{ ] lj)gf) 55] . 5{ lqm) lj) [
gf u]8f cflb e'O{Fdf ofFStf zAb lg:s]h:t} uL . @= Ps}rf]l6 5lg] lsl;dn] . 5f{ gf) [5f
(l))cf] != aGb's k8\sFbf 5lP hfg] ldlxg uf]nL jf uf]nLx . @= aGb's k8\sfpg] sfddf cf
pg] sfFr, l;;f cflbsf 6'qmf . #= afn'jf, au cflbdf xg] 9'
\uf lkFlwP uf]nfuf]nf ag]sf
u]8fx . jfn lj) 5f{ xfn] xfGg] vfnsf] (aGb'ssf] Ps k|sf) . 5n{Ss lqm) lj) [c) d")
s\s] != sg} sf] :ki6;Fu b]lvg] uL 5n{

\ . @= cfsfzdf afbn gnfuL v'nf kdf b]lvg] u
= :ki6 . 5n{
u \ lqm) lj) [c) d") 5n{
\u] !=sg} sf] :ki6;Fu b]lvg] uL . @= cfsfzdf a
nfuL v'nf kdf b]lvg] uL . #= sg} ljifo :ki6;Fu a'lg] uL . lj) $= :ki6 k|:6 . > 5n{
l\
' c) lqm) != :ki6 x'g' k|l:6g' pbfl
\ug' . pHofnf] x'g' ;kmf x'g' . 5n{
\u] gf) sGrg b
g] Ps hftsf] dl;gf] wfg . 5n{
U \ ofO5n{
U \ ofO gf) 5n{
l\ ug] lsl;d jf lqmof . 5n{
\Uo
' s) lqm) 5n{
\u kflg' . 5n{
\Uofpg' ;) lqm) 5n{
\lug] kfg'{ :ki6 t'Nofpg' v'n:Tofpg'
Uofx6 gf) 5n{
\UofOF . 5n{
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") 5n{
\
] x]) 5n{
\u . > 5n{l
\
g' c) lqm)
{

\ ] lj) 5n{
\u] .
420

5n{

\ fO5n{

\ fO gf) 5n{
U \ ofOF . 5n{

\ fOg' s) lqm) 5n{
\UofOg' . 5n{
\
fp
6 gf) 5n{
\Uofx6 . 5Nof{
5' n ' {
gf) [c) d" ) 5Nof{
\ c ( l) )] x] ) 5Nof{d5'n
. 5Nof{
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") 5Nof{
\
] != aHg] wft' e'OFdf bf{ jf km'6\tf lg:s]h:t} Wjlg
fn] . @= To:tf] Wjlg lgsfNg] uL ] . 5Nof{k5'nk {' gf) [c) d") 5Nof{k\c(l))] != tx
sf gfgf efFlt sfd 5g]{ jf lnKg] h:tf sfd 6f6 ;]pnf jf ln
\u ' f sf6\g] h:tf x8a8df ul
] sfo{ . lqm) lj) @= To;L x8a8df sg} sfd ;Sg] uL . 5Nof{Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") 5Nof{k\k]
5g]{, lnKg], kmfF8\g], cf]5fpg], 9fSg] cflb sfo{ Ps} rf]l6 ;lhn};Fu ul;Sg] uL . 5N
of{d5'nd {' gf) [c) d") 5Nof{d\c(l))] != zLdf nufOPsf uxgfx k:kdf 7Ss nfUbf pTkGg
jlg Nof{d'nd {' . @= 5Nof{k5'nk {' . lqm) lj) #= To:tf] Wjlg lg:sg] uL . 5Nof{Dd lqm)
lj) [c) d") 5Nof{d\d] != sfFr, kftnf wft'sf kftf cflb PsfPs e'OFdf bf{ jf km'6\bf
sf] }F Wjlg pTkGg x'g] lsl;dn] . @= To:tf j:t' To;L ] jf km'6] Nof{Dd . 5n\g ;)
5ng] != Pscsf{nfO{ sg} ljifodf Sofpg . @= jf:tljs knfO{ l5kfP cs}{ k b]vfpg . #=
lgxF lSg axfgf ug{ . $= sk6k"0f{ Jojxf ug{ . %= xfpg . ^= hfb, 6gf cflbn] Ps}
l5gkl5 cnk xg] uL sg} vf; k b]vfP crDd kfg{ . 5n gf) [;+)] != Sofpg] sfd Ssn .
fgf b]vfpg] lqmof lgxF lSg] sfd . #= 7Ug] sfo{ 7uL . $= sg} cb\et  zlQmn] vf; If0f
sf nflu b]vfPsf] cgf}7f] k jf nLnf . 5ns gf) [;+) 5fn] 5Nsf] 5fn . 5n sk6 gf) [5n sk6]
s;}nfO{ sk6k"0f{ lsl;dn] 5Ng] jf wf]sf lbg] sfd Sofpg], nsfpg] 7Ug] lqmof . 5ns
f gf) [;+)] != 5Ng] rfn Ssn . @= axfgf lgxF . > 5nsfL lj) Ssndf kfg]{ 5n ug]{
s lqm) lj) [c) d") 5ns\ s] != efF8fdf xfn]sf], kf]vLsf] gbLsf] kfgL jf To:t} xfntdf x
]sf] sg} tn kbfy{ 5rlNsP}F 5Nsf] pTkGg xg] uL . @= t?gL cfOdfO{sf] :tg xlNnP}F uL .
55n5Gb gf) [;+)] != 5n5fd 5nsk6 7u7fu . 5n5n gf) [c) d") 5n\ c(l))] != kfgL cflb tn
f{ jf 5rlNsFbfsf] cfjfh . @= d:t ojtLsf]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
421

5n5fd5n5fn5fb \ g wL, kfvf cflbdf v, kfn 5fk] kfgL cflb gl5g]{ kfg]{ sfo{ . [ > ]
g s) lqm) 5fpg nufOg . 5jfpg k|]) lqm) 5fpg nufpg . 5lj gf) [;+)] != ;"o{sf] ls0
f cfsif{s zf]ef t]h ;f}Gbo{ k|ef . @= 5fof . #= tl:j kmf]6f] lrq . $= rnlrq . %= k
{ . sf gf) kmf]6f] lvRg] lzNkL kmf]6f]uf | km Sofd]fDofg . bz{s gf) j[Qlrq Pj+ r
lb b]vfpg] oGq (k|f]h]S6) . 5;fO gf) [ 5f;\( cfO)] 5f:g] lsl;d jf lqmof . [ > ] 5;fOg
 s) lqm) 5f:g nufOg 5f:g] kflg . 5;fpg k|]) lqm) 5f:g nufpg 5f:g] kfg{ . 5:of5
5;|f
5';|'
gf) [c) d") (l)) 5';'
\c] != vof
v'q
' h]td ] t ] ] 5f;5'; . lqm) l
, v'h'f j:t' cflb rnfpFbf c;fjwfgL ug]{ uL . #= ;'s]sf kftklt
\u rnfpFbf cfjfh cfpg]
lsl;dn] . 5xf] gf) [c) d") 5\cf]] != kxf8sf vf]Fraf6 lg:s] kxfdf 7Ss vfFb} ]sf] kf
|jfx 5fFuf] gf, gf{ . @= klxf] hfFbf aUb} us ] f df6f9'
u \ f cflbsf] ;d'bfo . 5xfl
[5xfLnf]] != 5xfL k]sf] cf]]n k]sf] 5fofbf cf]]nbf . gf) @= 5fof k] udL{sf] c
f jftfj0f . 5xfL gf) [;+) 5fofsfL > 5fofxfL] != ofDd k]sf] v cflbn] 3fdsf] Hof]lt 5
OFdf kg{ uPsf] cf]]n v cflbsf] 5fof 5fxf/L . @= l;Fofn ;Fon . 5fuf] gf) [c) d") 5
\]
sf cUnf vf]Fraf6 kxf] x'Fb} tn v;]sf] hnk|jfx gf{ 5xf] . 5f6 \ g ;) lqm) [;+) 5ft
], vs]{ jf pv]n] w]} jf c;xfpFbf] ePsf j:tnfO{ 5ltf] ;xfpFbf] kfg]{ sfd ug{ . 5
gf) [;+) 5ft] != sg} j:t'sf agfj6sf] 9fFrf lsl;d 9f{ s6 . @= nIf0f ;
\s]t k"jf{ef; .
) != sf6], v's]{, pv]n] w]} ePsf] j:t'nfO{ l7Ss ;'xfpFbf] kfg]{ sfd . @= j]ze"iff l7
Ss 5ltf] kfL ldnfpg] sfd . #= lxF8fO, af]nfO, rnfO cflbsf] 9f{ . $= 5fF6 . 5'6 g
!= 5fF6], sf6] jf v's]{ l7Ss ldnfpg] sfd . lj) @= To;L ldnfOPsf] (j:t') . 5f6f! gf) [
+) zft] != af}nLkgf ;gs . @= cy{ g ay{sf] f]s jf l; 3'sL{ . 5f6f@ gf) [;+) 5ft] df;
fP af]qmf 5'fO{ t]n a];f bn] ;'sfOPsf] bfn af]qmf kmflnPsf] bfn . 5fl6g' s) lqm)
Og'] 5fF6\g] sfd ulg' . 5fb \ g ;) lqm) [;+) 5Gb g] != kznfO{ vfdf afFWg . @= df
sf kfpdf kg{ . #= 8f]sf jf 9fssf] efLdfly

:tgsf] xNnfO . lqm) lj) #= To:tf] Wjlg jf rfn u] . > 5n5ntL5n5nL lqm) lj) c 5n5n u]
n5fd5n5fn gf) [5n 5fd5fn ] != 5nsk6 hfn]n . @= cfn6fn . 5nl5b| gf) [;+)] x]) 5nsk6 .
k|k~r gf) [;+)] sl6ntfk"0f{ Jojxf 5n5 5n5fd . 5nkmn gf) [5n kmn] != bO{ jf bO{eGbf
JolQmx a;] sg} ljifodf ljrfljdz{ ug]{ sfd . @= ;xL sf] kQf] nufpg vf; lg0f{odf kUg
alGwt JolQmx a;] ulg] ljrfljdz{ ts{ljts{ . 5nan gf) [;+)] != sfo{l;4 ug{sf lglDt k|of
u ulPsf] 5n zlQm . @= 5nkL an . 5n of]hg gf) [;+)] rnfsLsf ;fy coyfy{ jf agfj6L rfn
v]Ng] sfd sfd k6fpg ;Sg] lsl;dn] ul/g] 5n5fd . 5nfO gf) [ 5n\( cfO)] 5Ng] lqmof jf l
sl;d . [ > ] 5nfOg s) lqm) 5Ng nufOg 5Ng] kflg . 5nfpg k|) ] lqm) 5Ng nufpg 5Ng]
kfg{ . 5nf5n gf) != Psn] csf{nfO{ 5n ug]{ jf 5Ng] sfd k:ksf] bf]xf]f] 5n . @= 5nsf]
c66 qmd . 5nfxf lj) 5Ng] sfd ug]{ 5nL 5njf . 5lng s) lqm) != nlsg l5lkg xfpg
@= hfn]ndf klg 7lug . 5lns gf) [;+)] != 5n ug]{ JolQm OGb|hfnL 5nL JolQm . @= ;flxT
df kssf] Ps e]b . 5lnt lj) [;+)] 5n ulPsf] 5lnPsf] SSofOPsf] . 5nL lj) [;+)] 5n ug]
sfL 7uL hfnL ]nL . 5njf lj) [5n\ pjf] 5n ug]{ 5nL . 5n} gf) [5fnf P]] n8fOF k]sf
cfjZos k]sf 5fnfsf ;fdfgx tof ug{ufpgsf lglDt 5fOPsf] sd . 5Nsg c) lqm) [5ns\ g
u|fsf] kfgL xNnFbf, 5rlNsFbf cfjfh cfpg 5rlNsg . > 5NsfO gf) 5Nsg] lsl;d jf lqmo
f . 5NsfOg s) lqm) 5Nsg] kflg . 5Nsfpg k|) ] lqm) 5Nsg] kfg{ . 5lNsg c) lqm) 5n
5n zAb lg:sg 5Nsg 5rlNsg . 5Nsf] gf) 5Nsg] lqmof ;fgf] 5fn . 5NSofO5NSofx6 gf) 5lN
g] cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 5NofO gf) [5fn\ ofO] af]qmf pSsfpg] jf 5fnf sf9\g] lsl
;d jf lqmof 5f]8fpg] jf pwfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . 5Nn lqm) lj) [5n\ c] != Ps} 5fndf (kfg
L aUg] lsl;d) . @= hnnxLsf ;fydf . 5NnL gf) [;+)] != flvPsf txdWo]sf] sg} Ps tx kq t
. @= t 5fnL . 5jfO gf) [ 5fp( cfO)] 5fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof 3sf

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5fb5ftf ;fdfg fv] s;sf; kfg'{ afFw5fFb ug'{ . 5fb gf) [;+) 5Gb] != kz'sf v'f afFWg]
. @= ;dy{ dflg;sf v'f klS8P jf v'66 \ fdf 3f]lK6P cK7ff] kflg] wd{aGwg . #= 8f]sf, 9f
cflbsf la6eGbf dfly 3fF; jf cGo j:t' fvL afFWg] sfd jf ;f] afFWg] 8f]L . 5'b gf) 5
fFb\g]jg]{ sfd afFWg], s:g] cflb sfd . ~ xfNg' 6') != k|foM uf]8fdf xftn] km]f] dfg
'{ . @= e't'Ss eP ckl nxl;g' . 5flbg' s) lqm) [5fFbOg'] 5fFb\g] sfd ulg' . 5fb] uf
5fFbPufF7f]] bfDnfsf] Ps 5]p k:of}6fdf l5fP c8\sfpgsf nflu agfOPsf] ufF7f] . 5fbf] gf
[5fFbcf]] !=5fFb . @= c
\sdfn . 5f:g' ;) lqm) != xKsfpg' kfg'{ 5f:g' . @= l5dNg' . 5
O gf) [c) d") 5fOF(l))] != fpFbf] cfufsf sf]Onfdf l3p xfNbf lg:sg] zAb . lqm) lj) @=
:tf] zAb lg:sg] uL . 5fO5'O gf) [5ft5't] != 5ft5"t :kzf{:kz{ . @= n;k; nx;kx; . 5fOg
' s) lqm) [5fpOg'] 5fpg] sfd ulg' . 5fOn gf) [;+) 5fof k|f) ONn] != 5fof . @= 5xfL
n . 5fO{ gf) [c) d")] != bxL dy] gf}gL lsL agfOPsf] tn k]o kbfy{ dxL . @= kTysf]Onf a
]kl5 ar]sf ;;fgf 6'qmf . 5fp gf) [;+) zfk] :qLsf] h:jnfsf] cj:yf jf wd{ . 5fpg ;) l
qm) [;+) 5fbg] 3fdkfgLaf6 aRgsf lglDt 3dfly 5fg agfpg v, kfn, lFu6L, l6g cflbn] 3nf
{ dflyaf6 9fSg . 5fpgL gf) [;+) 5fbgL] :yfoL kn] jf c:yfoL kn] ;}lgs a;f]af; ug]{
7fpF ;}lgslzlj . 5fpk8L gf) [;+) zfk k8L] != dlxnfsf] dfl;s wd{ xg] sfd g5g] xg] sf
k;fO h:jnf 5fp . @= g5g] ePsL jf k ;]sL cfOdfO{ . lj) #= hf]jtL gfL g5g] 6q]ms
gf) [5fpf]sf] lt) )] x]) 5fpf] . 5fpL gf) != ;fgf 7"nf 5fpf 5fpLxsf] ;d"x 5fp
rfaRrL 5f]f5f]L efeL . > 5fpL gf) ss, lafnf] cflbsf] kf]yL aRrf] . 5fpf] gf
cflbsf] efn] aRrf] . @= 8fFuf] jf 9f8] . #= afns lzz . 5fs! gf) ft jf lbgsf] rf ef
usf] Ps efu ;f8];ft 38Lsf] ;do kx . 5fs@ gf) Ps kN6 c3fpGh]n vfg kUg] cGg jf To:t}
422

vfB kbfy{ Ps k6s Ps k]6 vfOg] cfxf . ~ vNsf] gf) h7f] k]sf ;dodf cfzf}r a:geGbf kl
xn] :gfg ug]{ 5fs 5f8\g] sfd cfzf}r k]sf a]nf 5fs 5f8\g] { 6) lhgltg;Fu ;fFlaxfgsf
vfg] gxfpg] sfd . ~ 6fg ;hf{d h6fpg . 5fsnf] gf) [;+) zsfn] != 5fs 6g]{ uL vfO
g] vfgf Ps 5fs vfOg] vfgf . @= 5sfnf] . 5fs] lj) [5fs P] !=5fs kUg] . @= Ps 5fs kfS
g] . #= Ps 5fs;Fu ;DalGwt . $= ufF;] etjf eft] . 5fsf] gf) [5fs cf]] != laofPsf ufO{
a:tnfO{ vfg lbOg] gg . @= ufO{a:t r] uf]7df cfPkl5 vfg lbOg] gg, kL7f] cflb ld
nfPsf] cfxf . 5fu5fun gf) [;+)] af]sf] . 5f gf) [ef]) a) <] hfF8sf] kfgL lguf . 5f5
5f 56] hyfefaL 5lPsf] htftt} ofFlsPsf] (h7f], kmf]x cflb) . 5f656 gf) [(l)) 56]
6f]5ltf] rfn r6k6 6k6 . @= rf6r6 . lqm) lj) #= r6k6;Fu 5 . 5f8\g ;) lqm) [k|f) 5
ofu ug{ 5f]8\g . @= aGwgaf6 dSt ug{ . #= vfg] u]sf] j:t vfg aGb ug{ ug]{ u]sf]
sfd ug{ 5f8\g . $= 5L lbg cjsfz lbg . %= a;]sf] 7fpF kljt{g ug{ ;g{ . ^= k|f0
f TofUg dg{ . 5f8g gf) [;+) 5ft g] != 5fF6 9f{ 9fFrf . @= nIf0f r]i6f . #= afgL cf
5f8f lj) [k|f) rQ < ;+) ToSt] != sg} aGwgdf gk]sf] cfkm"v;  L kmSsf . @= cZnLn sfds
ub}{ lxF8g \ ] ult5f8f . #= 8fd] 5f8]sf] . $= lgn{Hh . %= sdfO gnufO{ ufO{a:t 5f
l8g] 5]syg gePsf] (7fpF jf hUufhldg) . gf) ^= 5f8f JolQm, j:t jf k|f0fL . ~ sf g
f) cZnLn ufnL jf af]nL nfhefF8 . 5fl8 cg) [5f8\ O] != klxn] cufj} (lxhf]5fl8 cl:t) .
@= kl5 lat]kl5 (ef]ln5fl8 kl;{) . #= afx]s l;jfo . (pbf) pm fd|f]5fl8 gfd|f] sfd ub}
{g lkl65fl8 df5{;\ g} eg] klg d]f] s] nfU5 < d5fl8 sf] xf]nf ltdLnfO{ dg kfpg] ) $=
;f6f] ;fdf . (pbf) c5fl8 dnfO{ g} af]nfpgk5{ <) . 5fl8g s) lqm) [5f8\ O g] 5f8\g
lg Toflug . 5f8f gf) kfxgfxnfO{ ;tfpg tyf a;fpgsf nflu agfOPsf] jf tof kflPsf] k
jf sf]7f] . 5ft5t gf) [5ft 5"t] != 5O5fO :kzf{:kz{ . @= n;k; nf6n6 . 5ftf gf) [;+)
5q] afF; jf kmnfdsf 8G8Ldf cf7 jf ;f]x|j6f kmnfdsf sff j[Qfsf agfO{ jlkl sk8fn]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
423

5ftL5fk 5fbg gf) [;+)] != 3sf] 5fpgL 5fgf] 5t . @= 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] sfd . #= kbf{ . 5f
lbt lj) [;+)] 5fOPsf] 5f]lkPsf] 9flsPsf] . 5flbg s) lqm) [5fb\ O g] 5fb\g] sfd ulg
fg\g! ;) lqm) [;+) rog] != rflxg] jf c;n j:t 5fpg laGg s]nfpg . @= dg k/fpg /
g . #= vf]Hg kQf] nfpg . 5fg\g@ ;) lqm) [;+) If0f] != sk8f, hfnL, rfNgL cflbff rf
g] sfd u] v;|f] dl;g j:t 5fpg] sfd ug{ . @= To;L g} tn kbfy{df k]sf y]u cflb
5fgl5g gf) [5fg\ l5g] != lnPsf] jf vfPsf] lg l5gfkmfgf xg] sfd km:of}{6 l5gfkmfgf .
@= k:kdf ePsf] u8f l;l4g] lqmof km};nf clGtd lg0f{o . 5fglag gf) [5fg\ lag\] != 5fGg]
Gg] sfd f]Hg] ?lrsf] j:t u|x0f ug]{ sfd . @= vf]htnf; ug]{ sfd fd|L tYo kQf] nufpg]
sfd . #= tnf;L lnP sg} sf] laGg] cyf{t\ s]nfpg] sfo{ . 5fgf gf) [5fgf]sf] lt) )] 5fg
t . 5flgg s) lqm) [5fg\ O g] != 5fGg] sfd ulg f]lhg rlgg . @= s]nfOg . #= rflng
$= vf]lhg . 5fg5fgf] gf) [;+) 5fbg] 3, s6]f, uf]7 cflbnfO{ 3fdkfgLaf6 ;lIft fVgsf
lglDt dfl:t xflng] v, 6fnL jf 6fon, l6g cflbsf] 5fbg 5fgf . 5fGb; lj) [;+)] 5Gb;\gfd
s pklgifb\;DaGwL j]b;DaGwL j}lbs . 5fGbf]Uo gf) [;+)] != ;fdj]bsf a|fXd0fsf] Ps efu
. @= b; pklgifb\dWo] Ps . 5fGgf gf) [;+) 5Gg] != bxLdf kfgL xfn] dy]sf] tn kbfy{ kv
fn] . @= fOtf . #= l;sgL{ . $= n:;L . 5fk\g! ;) lqm) [5fk g] != Ans, 6fOk cflbsf ;x
fotfn] lrq jf cIf lgsfNg k:ts, kqklqsf cflb db|0f ug{ . @= 5fkfff sk8f cflbdf af
xfNg l5Kg . 5fk\g@ ;) lqm) [;+) :yfkg] != OF6, 9u \ f, kmn]s cflb eOFdf ldnfP c
f]5fpg ;]ln\ ug{ . @= ?jfnfO{ sk8f cflbn] 9fs] df]xf]g{ . #= 5f]Kg 9fSg . 5fk gf
[;+) :yfk( s)] != df rf]k] sfut, sk8f cflbdf 5fk nufpgsf lglDt cIf sfl6Psf] jf lrq sl
bPsf] ;fwg . @= To;}af6 5flkPsf] cIf jf lrq 5fkf . #= ;fFrfdf 9fn] agfOPsf] l6sf]
. $= ulxf] k|efj c; . %= sg} sfd u]afkt hgLe cfo:tf vfg kfpg] uL ;sfaf6 lbOPsf] h
sf] vfGuL ykfnf] (pbf) lbjfg5fk, ef]6]5fk fd]5fk O) ) . ^= 7fpF ynf] . > 5fkf5fk lqm)
lj) k|To]s 5fk cyf{t\ 7fpF glafOg]

df]xf]lPsf], 3fdkfgLaf6 hf]lugsf nflu cf]l9g] ;fwg 3fdkfgL 5Ng] cf]9f] 5q . wfL lj)
= 5ftf lnP lxF8\g] jf 5ftf cf]9\g] . gf) @= p8\b} u]sf] ljdfgaf6 hldgdf g]{ ;}lgs Ko
ff6k . 5ftL gf) != zLsf cufl8klsf] kfs:ynLb]lv dfly unf;Ddsf] cjoj jIf . @= ;fx; c
Ddt tfut . #= lbn x[bo lxof] . $= :tg b"w . bf lj) != pbf bofn :g]xL lbnbf .
x;L lxDdtL tfutbf . 5ft] lj) [5ftf P] != 5ftf lng] 5ftf cf]9\g] . @= 5ftf cf]9fpg] . #
5ftfsf cfsfsf] 5ftfh:tf] . gf) $= fhfdxffhfnfO{ lkl7pFdf af]s] otfplt n}hfg] cgr .
Rofp gf) hldgdf pd|g] 5ftfsf] cfsfh:tf] b]lvg] Ps yL Rofp . ~ 7]sL gf) 5ftf] ePsf]
;fgf] 7]sL . ~ 7]sf] gf) 7"nf] 5ftf] ePsf] 7]sf] . 5ftf] gf) [5ftf cf]] sf7sf] 7]sL,
df6fsf] ufu|f] cflbsf] km}lnPsf] la6 5ftfh:tf] eP 3d]sf] To:t} sg} j:tsf] la6 .
5fq gf) [;+)] != u? yfk] jf u?;Fu x] cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{ u?sf] 5q5fofdf x]sf] ljBfy
{ lzio r]nf] . @= Ps hftsf] dfxL . u0f gf) 5fqxsf] ;d"x ljBfyL{;d"x . ~ 5fqf gf)
fqfxsf] ;d"x k?if ljBfyL{ :qL ljBfyL{ . ~ hLjg gf) 5fq xFbfsf] cj:yf jf a]nf ljBfy
L{hLjg . ~ gfos gf) sIffdf cgzf;gsf] jftfj0f l;h{gf ug{ jf ljBfyL{xnfO{ cgzfl;t fV
g ;3fp kofpgsf lglDt 5flgPsf] ljBfyL{ dlg6 . ~ klifb\ gf) 5fq;\3 ljBfyL{;ef . j[lQ
Woogcj:yfdf hLjglgjf{xsf lglDt ljBfyL{nfO{ lglZrt ;do;Ddsf nflu lbOg] sd . j[Gb gf
) 5fqxsf] ;d"x ljBfyL{xsf] ;dbfo . ~ ;\u7g;\3 gf) 5fqxsf] xs lxtsf lglDt ul7t ;+
fqfxsf] ;\3 ljBfyL{;\u7g . 5fqf gf) [;+)] != 5fqsf] :qLln\u \ . @= ljBfnodf egf{ eO{
f}krfls kn] ljBfWoogdf nfu]sL :qL . 5fqfno5fqfjf; gf) [;+)] 5fq jf 5fqfx ;fd"lxs kdf
:g] 3 . 5fb\g ;) lqm) [;+) 5b{g] != vfP k]6df kus ] f] j:t sg} sf0fjz plN6P/ aflx
sfNg jdg ug{ afGtf ug{ . @= sndn] d;L ps]Ng . #= eGg grfx]sf] sf] ssfkdf k] eGg
o xg . 5fb gf) [;+) 5b{] != vfP k]6df klu;s]sf] j:t sg} sf0fjz pN6L eP lg:sg] zfL
k|lqmof jdg afGtf jfs . @= afGtf u]sf] j:t pN6L . 5fbs gf) [;+)] != 3 5fpg] JolQm
j) @= 9fSg], 5f]Kg] (j:t) .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5fkf5fof uL x]s 7fpFdf 7fj}FlkR5] ;j{q . 5fk5fktL5fk5fkL lqm) lj) c 5fk5fk xg] u
L gf) x]) 5fkl6sf] . ~ l6s] lj) 5fkl6sf] nufpg] (JolQm) . l6sf] gf) lgwfdf >Lv08 jf
c sg} n]ksf] sfFqmLlaofFsf] cfsfdf 7f8f] lqz"nh:tf] kf] nufOg] l6sf] . bfgL gf) 5fk
fpg] d;L fVg] efF8f] NofKr] nufpg] df];f] jf d;L fVg] kfq . ~ d;L gf) 5fk nufpgsf lg
lDt agfOPsf] d;L NofKr] nufpgsf lglDt tof ulPsf] df];f] jf d;L . 5fkf gf) [5fk cf] !=
k|efj 5fk . @= 5flkPsf] cIf n]v cflb . #= db|0fsfo{ . $= db|0foGq . %= cfsl:ds cf
qmd0f jf ck|Toflzt vfgtnf;L . vfgf gf) k:ts, kqklqsf cflb 5fKg] 3 jf 7fpF db|0ffn
o k|]; . df lj) != nsLl5kL 5fkf dfg]{ crfgs cfqmd0f ug]{ . gf) @= ck|Toflzt kn] cfq
d0f ug]{ jf cfsl:ds vfgtnf;L ug]{ JolQm . jfn lj) != a]nfotL ;sfsf] jf eftLo lhe{ Ao
ssf] 5fk nfu]sf], ;sfL dfGotf k|fKt (;g O)) . @= 5fkf;Fu ;DalGwt (JolQm) . 5fk] lj
) [5fk P] 5fkh:tf] 5fk nfu]sf] 5fk ePsf] c5fk] gePsf] . ~ cf}7L gf) gfdsf] 5fk ePsf] c
}F7L 5fk] d'Gb|f] . ~ kfyL gf) 5fk nfu]sf] kfyL sfg'gL kn] j}w kfyL . ~ dfg' gf) ;sf
fk nfu]sf] dfg' sfg'gL kn] j}w dfg' . ~ d'Gb|f ] gf) 5fk] cf}F7L . 5fkf] gf) [5fk\cf]
] != 5f]lkPsf] l:ylt 9flsPsf] cj:yf (pbf) skfndf hd| f sf] 5fkf] 5 ) . @= k| z :tt
f ;
\Vofafx'No . 5fk|f5fk|L gf) [5fk|f]5fk|L] ;fgf7"nf 5fk|fxsf] ;d"x 5fk|f c ;f];
xsf] ;d"x . 5fk|L! gf) [5fk|f ] O{] 5fk|fsf] ;fgf] k ;fgf] vfnsf] 5fk|f] . 5fk|L@ gf)
v08v08 jf vf]laN6}vf]laN6f kf] agfOPsf] k"hf;fdu|L xflng] wftsf] kfq . 5fk|L# gf)
[Rofk L] r]kjf sf]ndf k]Ngsf lglDt tf]Lsf] kmnf] fVg rf]ofn] ag]sf] efF8f] kmnf] x
fNg] rf]ofsf] efF8f] k]rf . 5fk|f ] gf) [;+) 5j > k|f) 5Kk] != v jf kfnn] 5fPsf] ;fg
tgf] 3 . @= jlkl ;]pnfn] af] ;]pnfn] g} 5fPsf] ;fgf] uf]7 3f]rf uf8] anfx fvL To;d
nf ;]pnfdfly w"n] kfn xfn] agfOPsf], a:g xg] s6L . 5fAbLafx gf) [5fAbL jfx] tgxF
sf] ;bdsfd bdf}nLaf6 c9fO{ sf]; k"j{lt 5fAbLvf]nfsf tLdf l:yt jffxL b]jL jf ltg} b]
jLsf] dlGb . 5fd\g ;) lqm) [rfd < ;+) rd{ g] != 5fnfsf] :kz{sf] ;xfotfn] sg} j:t jf
To;sf] ljz]iftf kQf nufpg . @=
424

:kz{ ug{ jf 5g . #= 5f]P vf]hL ug{ $= s;}sf] zlQm, xfnt, 1fg, wg cflbsf] c8\s
n nufP p;sf] dxj jf :t kQf nufpg . 5fd5fd 5d5d gf) [5fd5d 5fd5d] cfFvfn] gb]lvg]
l:yltdf xftn] otfplt 5fd] sg} j:t kQf nufpg ulg] sfd . 5fd5d gf) [5fd\ (l))] 5fDg]
sfd 5fd5fd5d5d . 5fldg s) lqm) [5fd\ O g] 5fDg] sfd ulg . 5fof gf) [;+)] != ;"o{sf
ls0fx 5]lsPsf] 7fpF vkft cflbn] ;"o{nfO{ 5]Sbf kg{ uPsf] cf]]n . @= aQLsf] k|sfz 5]ls
Fbf b]vf kg]{ cf]]n . #= P]gf, kfgL cflbdf b]vf kg]{ j:tsf] k|ltlaDa 6s 6ns 6xs . $
= Ps j:tsf] csf{ j:tdf kg{ uPsf] k|efj . %= gSsn ulPsf] l:ylt cgs[lt . ^= h:tfs
f] t:tf] ulPsf] pNyf b?:t cgjfb . &= ldNbf]hNbf] cj:yf ;fb[Zo . *= cFWoff] k|sfzxL
g l:ylt . (= cfkm"eGbf 7"nfsf] cf>o . !)= ;"o{sL NofOt] kTgLsf] gfd . s gf) != 5ft
f cf]9fpg] JolQm 5ft] . @= 5fof kfg]{ JolQm 5fofbf j:t . ~ ul0ft gf) 5fofsf ;xfotfn
] jf 5fofsf] u0ff\sgff u|xxsf] ult yfxf kfOg] ul0ftsf] Ps lgod jf k|sf . ~ 36L gf) ;
os { f k|sfzdf 5fofsf] u0ff\sgff ;do kQf] nufpg agfOPsf] 38L . ~ 38L gf) 3fdsf] 5fo
faf6 ;do yfxf kfpg agfOPsf] 38L . > 5fof\sg gf) j:tsf] :jk jf cfsf ptfg]{ sfd kmf]6f
] lvRg] sfd . 5fof\lst lj) 5fof\sg ulPsf] . ~ lrq gf) != ljz]if k|sfsf sfFr, Knfl:6s
flbsf kmn]sdf j:tsf] k|ltlaDa kbf{ b?:t :jk b]lvO{ lrqf\lst ePsf] j:t . @= To:t
f kmnsaf6 ptflPsf] lrq . #= 5fofsf ;xfotfn] clego ulPsf] ljifo . $= j0f{gff ljifoj:t
sf afXo jf cfGtls :jkx ptflPsf] rgf . %= afO:sf]k cflbaf6 b]lvg] lrq . ~ lrq0f gf) 5
oflrq lgsfNg] lzNk jf sfo{ . b|d  gf) 5fof lbg] v 5fofsf j[If l;ofFn tfKg] v . >
fgjfb gf) Ps efiffdf n]lvPsf rgfdf kfOg] jf:tljs tYonfO{ csf]{ efiffdf h:tfsf t:t
} ptfg]{ sfd pNyf . ky gf) cfsfzu\uf gLxflsf 3fafbn :ju{\uf . ~ k?if gf) != 3f
bzftkm{ s]xL a] cfgf] 5fofnfO{ x]]sf cfFvfn] t?Gt} cfsfzlt x]bf{vl] b]lvg] cfgf] cf
[lt . @= cb[Zo jf ckllrt kdf x] csf{sf] x:o kQf] nufpg kl5 nfu]sf] JolQm . do lj) 5
ePsf] 5fofoQm . oGq gf) 5fofff ;do yfxf kfOg] oGqljz]if w"k38L . nf]s gf) ef}lt
vfn] gb]lvg] hut\ sNkgf u] pEofOPsf] ;+;f dgf]hut\ . jfb gf) ef}lts j:t jf d"t{ kb
nfO{ cfnDag agfP

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
425

5fl5jn\g :jefjsf] gvdfpnf] . #= pQfpnL gvdfpnL . 5flN6g gf) [;+) zf6] ;gkf6 cflba
lPsf] wfufn] ag]sf] lrKnf] sk8f . 5fNofO gf) [5fn]ofOF] 5fn] x'gfsf] efj pQfpnf]kgf
~rntf . 5fjf gf) [;+) zfj] != xfQLsf] aRrf] . @= 8:g] :jefjsf] Ps lsl;dsf] sLf] .
5f;\g ;) lqm) [;+) 5fif0f g] != hlQm kofO{ af]n ] s;}sf] uj{nfO{ r"0f{ ug{ xKsfpg
fg{ . @= vsf ;fgfltgf xfFuf, fkft, a6f cflb sf6\g l5dNg . 5f;5; gf) [c) d") 5f;\
(l))] != w"nf], kL7f] cflb clncln u] 5g]{ sfd yf]}ltg cGg efF8fxdf xfNg] sfd . lqm)
j) @= pQm j:t To;L 5g]{ uL . #= f, h\un, a6f cflb clncln uL kmfF8] . > 5f;5;] lj
fltgf sf csf{nfO{ ;gfOlxF8g \ ] rSnL nfpg] . 5f;ld; gf) [5f; ld;] bO{ jf bOe { Gbf
a9L leGg j:t 5fpg ;lsg] uL ld:g] sfd 5f;ld; . > 5f;ld;] lj) 5f;ld; ePsf] ldl;Psf]
d;] . 5f:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 5f;\ ;] x]) 5:; . 5:; lqm) lj) != 5f;5; xg] uL . gf)
@= 5f;5; . 5fx/L gf)x]) 5xf/L . l5s \ g ;) lqm) [l5FSsf g] ?3fvf]sL cflb f]un] gfs
v; u ] xflR5pF ug{ l5pF ug{ l5FSsf lgsfNg . > l5s gf) l5FSsf l5Fp . l5sfO gf) l
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof xflR5pFufO . l5sfOg' s) lqm) l5pF ufOg' l5FSg nfOg' . l5sfpg'
lqm) l5pF ufpg' l5FSg nfpg' . l5s'jf lj) w]} l5pF ug]{ afgL ePsf] l5pFl5pF ulxg] .
f gf) [;+) l5Ssf] l5pF l5Fs . l58 gf) [;+) 5]b] efF8fs8 F f, sf7kft cflbdf k]sf] ;;fg
] Kjfn slkn b'nf] . l58L gf) [g]jf) 5]lF n] tnf x'g] 3sf] ;aeGbf tNnf] tnf] e'OFtnf]
l5jn\g ;) lqm) [;+) 5]bg g] != af]6la?jf cflbsf xfFuflaFuf 5fF6sfF6 ug{ . @= afSnf
la?jf, 7"nf] ;fu cflb pv]Ng . #= a9L ePsf j:t jf sf a]r], 5fP, 5fF6] cflb lsl;dn
ftnf] kfg{ . $= yfn]sf] sfdsfh tb}{ jf 36fpFb} n}hfg . %= 5]sfefFhfx x6fpg }d]nf
kG5fpg . > l5jn gf) != Ps k6sdf ulg] jf x'g] sfdsfsf] d];f] afxfg k6s . @= lglZrt
tfs . #= ldNbf pd]sf s]6fs]6L cflbsf] k
\lQm bfdn bf}Ft . l5jnfO gf) l5FjNg] efj, lqm
jf k|lqmof . l5jnfOg' s) lqm) l5FjNg nfOg' l5FjNg] sfd ulg' . l5jnfpg' k|) ] lqm) l5F
Ng nfpg' l5FjNg] kfg'{ . l5jlng' ;) lqm)

cd"t{ kdf dxt\ ;Qfsf cl:tTjsf] cg'ej ufpg] sfJok4lt OlGb|ohGo j:t'nfO{ cfwf agfP cd"t
{kdf dxt\ ;Qfsf kdf /x]sf cl:tTjsf] cg'ejnfO{ cleJoQm ug]{ Ps lrGtgk|lqmof . jfbL l
) 5fofjfb;Fu ;DalGwt 5fofjfbsf] cg;0f ug]{ 5fofjfbnfO{ cFufNg] . ;t gf) gju|xdWo]s
f] Pp6f u|x zg}Zr zlgZr . 5f gf) [;+) Iff] != vfgL . @= 5ff] . sfk|f ] gf) != a
L cflb nfu]sf f]uLnfO{ f]uaf6 dQm ufpgsf nflu wkwk alnx]sf] cuN6fdf wfdLemfFqmLn] ;
fnw"ksf] w"nf] xfnL jf/{ Hjfnf lgsfNb} p;sf] zL ;]s] ug]{ pkrf . @= uf]8f cflbdf bDsf
] k] jf cGo sf0faf6 ePsf] kL8f lgsf] kfg{sf lglDt ttfPsf nf]xf]f, vfgL, afnjf cflbnf
O{ sk8fn] a]] ;]Sg agfOPsf] j:t . #= To;}n] ;]Sg] sfd . $= ff 6fg]{ sfd . 5ftf]; gf)
j]u;Fu bf}8g] jf efUg] sfd ;Os F R rf . 5fkg gf) xfQLsf Psfklsf kfvfdf s8L nufO{ xf
}bf s:g] 8f]L . 5f:6 lj) [;+) Iff:y] != lalu|Psf] etfe\u ePsf] Ifltu|:t gi6 :jfxf
) @= ljgfz, ;Tofgfz . 5f] gf) [5f P] dfgl;s ljs[ltsf sf0fn] ubf{ cfsl:ds kdf d"R5f{ kg
{ f]u d[uL rDsL . ~ f]u gf) PsfPs d"R5f{ kg]{ f]u ck:df . 5ff] gf) [k|f) 5f < ;+
6f] cflbsf] w"nf] p8\b} x]sf] dl;gf] sl;\u . @= vfgL . 5fn\g ;) lqm) [;+) 5fn] !=
/f, kf6 cflbaf6 af]qmf pSsfpg nf]Stf lemSg . @= 5fnf sf9\g . 5fn gf) [;+) Iffn]
!= jfosf] k|efjn] gbL, tnfp, ;db| cflbsf] kfgL j]un] axFbf jf 5rlNsFbf p7]sf]
nx t\u nxL . @= v cflbsf] af]qmf] nf]stf] . #= ;gkf6 k6jf . 5fnf gf) [;+) 5fn]
;, g;f cflbnfO{ 9fs] x]sf] f]dskx ePsf] rfd|f] j:t rd{ Tjrf vfnf . @= v cflbsf
nf]stf] . #= hUufhldg v]tLkftL k"FhL (afaafh]sf] 5fnf, kvf{sf] 5fnf O)). ~ sdf]6 g
f) ljz]if k|sfsf 3f]ndf 8afP jf c sg} k|lqmofff hQf, Aofu, afs; cflb agfpg] 5fnfnfO
gd kfg]{ jf sdfpg] sfd . ~ hQf sfvfgf gf) 5fnfsf hQfx agfpg] sfvfgf (afF;jfL 5fnfh
Qf sfvfgf cflb) . 5flng c) lqm) [5fn O g] 5fnf pSsfOg 5fnf sf9\g] sfd ulg . 5fnL
;+) 5lNn] b"w, bxL cflbdf dfl:t nfu]sf] afSnf] t . 5fn] lj) [;+) 5lng\] != cfkm}F c
hdfP ;flxt jf tYo xLg sf ug]{ dgu9Gt gePsf sf ug]{ . @= pQfpnf]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

l5Ml5t/lat/ l5FjNg] sfd ulg 5fFl6g . l5M lj) af]) [;+)] != sg} kmf]x j:t b]Vbf jf
o:tf] k|;\u rNbf 3[0ffsf] efj JoQm ug]{ zAb 5f . @= dgsf] c?lr jf ljt[i0ff k|s6 ug]
{ zAb . #= s;}sf] 3[l0ft rlqk|lt lgGbf hgfpg] zAb . l5M lj) af]) afa jf hf]8n] l5M a
fpg] zAb . l5M bb gf) 3[0ff x]nf ug]{ sfd . l5p gf) [;+) l5Ssf] gfsleq g;h:tf]
pg] j:t' jf uGw k]df, xfn]df, vf nfu]df cyjf ?3fvf]sLsf sL6f0f ;s;s u]df aflx ofFSg
jtM k|s6 xg] gfssf] ahfO l5FSsf xflR5pF l5Fs . l5psLl5ps ] gf) [ l5pF] l5FSsf l5F
~ emf gf) dl;gf kft x'g] cfFVn}lkR5] dl;gf kmn kmNg], df8] gfsdf g; nfpFbf l5pF lg
sfNg] dl;gf a'] f l5Ds] emf . l5psf] gf) [c) d") l5pFsf]] l5pF xflR5pF . l5p6L g
{] sg} sfd ufPafkt sdfP vfg lbOPsf] ;fgf] v]t jf afL b'MvzflGtsf lglDt lbOPsf] hUuf .
l5p6f] gf) n'uf l;OPsf] j:q (xLgfy{df) l;of}6f] . l5sl5s lqm) lj) [c) d") l5s\c(l))
} j:t'leqsf 6'qmf jf dl;gf bfgf aHg] uL . > l5sl5s] gf) gljnsf] uf, a]ng ' sf] km'sG
8f] cflbleq dl;gf 6'qmf jf u]u, afn'jf fv] tof ulPsf] xftn] xNnfP ahfOg] afhf l5g
. l5rf] lj) [;+) l5Tj] != aLraLrdf k
\lQm gldn]sf] aLraLrdf l5b| k]sf] (bfFt) . @= l5b
k]sf bfFt ePsf] -JolQm_ . #= dgdf nfu]sf sf ws gdfgL af]Ng] d'vsf] krkr] lgn{Hh . gf
) $= dgdf nfu]sf sf krkrL af]Ng] dflg; . :qL) l5rL . l5rn\g' ;) lqm) x]) l5rf]Ng' . >
l5rnfO gf) l5rNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5rnfOg' ;) lqm) l5rNg nfOg' . l5rnfpg'
k|]) lqm) l5rNg nfpg' . l5lrGsf]6] gf) afO{eGbf s]xL 7"nf], km';|f]
sf] Ps hftsf] rf]
. l5lrld] lj) [l5lrldf]P] != l5lrldfh:tf] b'Anf]kftnf] r~rn :jefjsf] . l5lrldf]
Q dL cf]] KjfFv pd|] bnfaf6 aflx lg:sL p8] k|foM t?Gt} ;dfKt xg] wldf] . l5lrdf]6
[lrdf]6\ lrdf]6 \ P] != rsrs] l56f] 5ltf] xNsf kffsf] . @= bAnf]kftnf] . > l5lrdf
f) l5lrdf]6] x'gfsf] rfn jf cj:yf l5lrdf]6]kg . l5rf]n \ g ;) lqm) [;+) l5Tj g] != P
sfltaf6 k;] csf{ltaf6 lg:sg kf/ ug{ . @= Ps 7fpFaf6 xn] csf{
426

7fpFaf6 lgsfNg . #= 6\uf] kofP af]Ng . $= cfBf]kfGt k9] ;Sg . > l5rf]nfO gf) l5r
f]Ng] lqmof jf efj . l5rf]nfOg s) lqm) l5rf]Ng nfOg . l5rf]nfpg k|) ] lqm) l5rf
]Ng nfpg . l5rf]lng s) lqm) l5rf]Ng] sfd ulg . l56\g ;) lqm) [;+) lIfKt g] 5Dsg
56\sg . l56 gf) [;+) lIfKt] ljleGg df l5k]sf] wf]tL jf uGo" cflb nufOg] Ps yL sk8f
. l56fO gf) [ l56\( cfO)] l56\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l56fOg s) lqm) l56\g nfOg
 . l56fpg k|]) lqm) l56\g jf 5Dsg nfpg . l5l6g s) lqm) 5lDsg 5ls{g . l56k6 lq
m) lj) [lx= l56km6] != clncln sxLFsxLF slxn]sfxLF . @= sg} otf sg} ptf otfplt . #=
kmf6km6 . l56fl56L gf) [l56f] l56f]] != k]sf] jf ]sf] kfgLsf] yf]Knfyf]KnL w]} l56x
;d"x . @= , d;L cflb tn j:tsf yf]Knfyf]KnL jf bfu . l56gL gf) a]t, afF;, lgufnf],
dfln\uf] cflbsf rf]ofaf6 ag] tof ulPsf] 6f]sLh:tf] 3]n ;fwg . l56f] gf) [k|f) l5f
+) lIfKt] != 5rlNsP jf pl5lP cfpg] kfgLsf] laGb hns0f kfgLsf] yf]kf] . @= b"w, d;L,
f To:t} sg} tn j:tsf] yf]kf] . #= zl4sf lglDt ;]rg ug]{ hn rf]Vofpg 5Ds]sf] kfgLs
f] yf]Knf . lj) $= kmlt{nf] l56f]5ltf] rnfs . lqm) lj) %= t?Gt} rfF8f] nuQ} } . ~
lj) != rfF8rfF8} sfd ug]{ szntfk"j{s l56} sfd ug]{ . @= ljrf ug{ jf lg0f{odf kUg l
jnDa gug]{ . ~ yf]kf] gf) != gflkg] jf elg] j:tsf] yf]} kldf0f . @= b"w, l3p, t]n c
flb kbfy{ yf]}yf]} u] ;~ro ug]{ sfd kmff]ltgf] ulg] j:tsf] efu (l56f]yf]kf] uL hDd
f] l3pt]n O)) . ~ xfNg 6) 5ft5"t ePsf] jf cz4 ePsf] j:tnfO{ z4 hn 5Ds] rf]Vof
pg . l56\sg ;) lqm) [l56\ s g] != 5Dsg l56\g ;]rg ug{ . @= aLplahg 5g{ . > l56\s
O gf) l56\sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l56\sfOg s) lqm) l56\sg nfOg . l56\sfpg k|
]) lqm) l56\sg nfpg . l56\lsg s) lqm) 5lDsg l5l6g l;l~rt xg . l5fO gf) [ l5f
kfgL l5fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l5fOg c) lqm) l56fl56f eP lg . l5fpg c
f6 l56fl56f k] kfgL v:g kfgL kg{ yfNg clncln kfgL kg{ . l58\sL gf) [ 58\s] ] != 5]
:sgL . @= sfd laufg]{ lgotn] xflng] efFhf] 5]sf l5sL{ l5s]{ . l5tlat lqm) lj) l6Kgkg
{ j:tx kk kUg] uL 5lg] ]lng] eP l5lng] uL 5k:6 5k .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
427

l5tl/gl5k\g l5gfn\g ;) lqm) [l5g\ cfn\ g] != wfuf], 8f]L cflb F fNg] r8 F fpg s
gfpg . > l5gfnfO gf) l5gfNg] jf r8 lqmof jf efj . l5gflng s) lqm) rF8flng l5gf
Og . l5gfl;d gf) g]kfnsf] s0ff{nL c~rncGtu{t hDnf lhNnfsf] ;b dsfd . l5lgs gf) c
rf vfg xg] ;;fgf bfgf kmNg], f8Lbf Ps jg:klt . l5g gf) [l5g\ p] 9u \ f sb F g \ ]
wftx sf6\g] sfd ulg] kmnfd] xltof . l5gkmfg gf)x]) l5gfkmfgf . l5gjf lj) [l5g\ pjf
!= l5lgPsf] rlF 8Psf] l5Gg] jf rFl8g] vfnsf] . @= cbfntaf6 l5lgPsf] clGtd 6\uf]
nfu]sf] km};nf ePsf] (d2f) . l5g]6f] gf) [l5g\ P6f]] != ;fgf] l5gf] . @= l5gf]af6 a
gfOPsf] Kjfn l5F8 5]8 . #= Kjfn bnf] . l5Gsg ;) lqm) [;+) IfL0f g] dl;gf] v;|f] g
sf] j:tnfO{ gf\nf] cflbdf xfnL v;|f]hlt v;fn] dl;gf]hlt fVg . > l5GsfO gf) l5lGsg]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5GsfOg s) lqm) l5lGsg nfOg . l5Gsfpg k|) ] lqm) l5Gsg
nufpg . l5Gs]6f] gf) l5Gsg] ;fwg gf\nf] . l5Gs]f] gf) rfdn l5GsFbf gf\n}df xg] 96
jf kL7f] . l5Gsf}6f] gf) != laofF l5Gs] lg:s]sf] rfdn . @= l5GsFbf lgl:sPsf] gfy|L
. #= l5lGs;s]kl5 lgl:sPsf] laofF . l5Gsf}nf] gf) != rfdn s]nfpFbf 5lg] rfdn e;s
f cltlQm aRg] dl;gf rfdn slgsf . @= ds}sf] rfdn s]nfpFbf e;, kL7f] rfdn 5lO;s]kl5
ar]sf] rfdneGbf dl;gf] kL7f]eGbf v;|f] rLh ;f}nf] . l5Gg lj) [;+)] != l5gfOPsf] 6q
mf kflPsf] rFl8Psf] . @= lauflPsf] lau|]sf] gi6 . #= yfs]sf] ylst . s0f{ lj) sfgs
]tL rFl8Psf] k"} sfg sfl6Psf] sgsf . gfl;s lj) gfs sfl6Psf] gs6f] . ~ leGg lj) !=
jf kmf]kmf u] sfd gnfUg] cj:yfdf kofOPsf] 66km6 eP 5lPsf] 5fGgAofGg . @= gi6e
s lj) 3fF6Lb]lv dflysf] efu rFl8Psf] 6fpsf] sfl6Psf] d8 sfl6Psf] ds{f . d:tf gf)
3fF6L l5g]sf] cfg} 6fpsf] xftdf lnP 3fF6Laf6 lgl:sPsf] utsf] wff To;} 6fpsfnfO{ lko
fOx]sL bz dxfljBfdWo] Ps . @= g]kfnsf] ;KtL lhNnfsf] ;bdsfd fhljfhb]lv blIf0ftkm{ kg
]{ ;v8f ufpFdf x]sL Ps k|l;4 b]jL . d"n lj) != hf] jf d"n sfl6Psf] lgd"n { ePsf] . @
= cfwf jf cf>olxt d"n ;|ft ] gePsf] . ;+zo lj) ;Gb]xf:kb cj:yf gx]sf] z\sf afFsL g
Gb]xlxt . l5k\g! ;) lqm) [;+) :k[z \ g] sk8f, sfuh cflbdf af

l5tlg c) lqm) [;+) l5Tj O g] != sg} j:t htftt} 5lg 5k:6 xg . @= l5lNng Olqg
n] lhl:sg . > l5tofO gf) l5tlg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5tofx6 gf) l5tlg] efj, lqmo
f cj:yf . l5tfxfL gf) [l5t( + 5"t)] xfL] ;gftgL ljZjf;cg;f tyfslyt lgDg hflt . l5b|
) [;+)] != Kjfn bnf] l5F8 . @= wfFhf], cGt . #= sdhf]L lkmtnf]kg . $= bf]if ql6 .
gf) l5b| xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . bzL{ lj) csf{sf] bf]if vf]6 dfq b]Vg] l5b|fGj]ifL
. > l5b|fg;0f gf) csf{df x]sf bf]ifxsf] af]df ulg] vf]hLlgtL l5b|fGj]if0f . l5b|fGj
L lj) csf{sf] bf]if vf]h] vf]6 nufpg] l5b|xsf] cGj]if0f ug]{ . l5lb|t lj) l5b| kflPsf
Kjfn k]sf] . l5g\g ;) lqm) [;+) IfL0f] != sg} sfdsfsf] 6u \ f] nfpg d 2 fdfldnf
lGtd lg0f{ o lbg l;4fpg . @= afFsLaSof}tf, C0f cflbsf] xlx;fa rStf ug{ km5f{pg
. #= j:tsf] sg} cjoj 6lqmg 66g \  rlF 8g . c) lqm) $= as{t 36\g bAnfpg zfLl
cj:yf sdhf] xg . %= 3Jojxfsf] cfly{s cj:yf lug{ C0fn] ;tfpg . l5g gf) [;+) If0f]
!= ;fx|} yf]/} ;do If0f . @= cxf]fqdfq ;f7L 38L xg] kfgL38Lsf] gfkf]k|0ffnLdf Ps
38Lsf] 5}6f}F efu b; knf . l5g5fg gf) [l5g\ c (l))] != xlx;fa rStf ug]{ sfd l5gfkmfgf
m5f}{6 . @= ;;Nnfx ldnfpg] sfd . l5gl5g lqm) lj) [c) d") l5g\ c(l))] != ;ss ] f sf];f
x xNnFbf ah]}F eP . @=3Fuf jf dhf ah];l To:tf] cfjfhsf ;fy . > l5gl5g] gf) != k
f] sf] km"n kmNg], s]fpsf cfsfsf s]xL df]6f sf];f kmNg], ble{Ifdf tL sf];fsf kmn
e6] vfOg] af]qmfsf] kf6 lgsflng] Ps hftsf] jg:klt . @= l5sl5s] . l5gkmfg gf) [l5g
\ kmfF8] \ != rStfrStL l5g5fg . l5gfO gf) [ l5g\( cfO)] l5Gg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] l5gfOg s) lqm) l5Gg nfOg . l5gfpg k|) ] lqm) l5Gg nfpg l5Gg] kfg{ . l5l
gg s) lqm) l5Gg] sfd ulg . l5gfemk6 gf) [l5g\ k6] l5gfO k6fO n5frF8L vf];fvf];
gfemk6L gf) l5gfk6 . l5gfkmfgf gf) [l5g\ kmfF8\> kmfgf] != xlx;fa ldnfpg] rStf ug]{
fd rStL km5f}{6 l5gkmfg . @= lsgff nufpg] sfd lgwf] jf 6u \ f] nfpg] sfd lg0f{o
. l5gf gf) [;+) l5Ggf] != uKt kaf6 of}gj[lQ ug]{ cfOdfO{ G8L j]Zof kft . lj) @= l
PsL kflQPsL (:qL) . #= JolerfL .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

l5k\gl5s]{ 5fKg af kfg{ . l5k\g@ c) lqm) [;+) lIfk\ g] nSg bAg . l5kl5k lq
[c) d") l5k\ c(l))] clncln kfgL xg] uL kfgLn] hldgsf] ;txdfq 5f]Og] eP . > l5kl5kfO g
) l5kl5kfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5kl5kfOg c) lqm) l5kl5k xf]Og . l5kl5kfpbf
] lj) clncln dfq kfgL ePsf] l5kl5k ug]{ cj:yfsf] . l5kl5kfpg' c) lqm) l5kl5k x'g' .
l5kl5k] lj) != tn j:t'df 7f]; j:t'x ld;fpFbf tn j:t' l5kl5k dfq 7f]; j:t' a9L x'g v
f]h]sf] . @= f]n rf]S6f k]sf] j:t'df b'j} kIf afa ePsf] . l5kf gf) [g]jf) l5k"] != s
8f Fufpg] tyf a'f 5fKg] sfd ug]{ Ps hflt . @= To;} hfltn] l5k]sf] sk8f . l5kfO gf)
[ l5kfp(cfO)] != sk8f cflb l5Kg] lqmof jf k| l qmof . @= l5Kg] jf n' S g] lqmofk|
l qmof n' s fO . [ > ] l5kfOg' s) lqm) != l5Kg nfOg' a'f efOg' . @= n'sfOg' bafOg' .
5kfpg' k|]) lqm) != l5Kg nufpg' l5Kg] sfd ufpg' . @= n'sfpg' bafpg' . l5kL gf) x]) l5
kf (hflt) . l5k'jf lj) [l5k\pjf] sfuh jf sk8f cflbdf
\uLr
\uL a'f 5flkPsf] l5lkPsf]
sf] . l5lKkg' c) lqm) [;+) IfLjg'] != kmnkm"n cflb slnnf] sdnf] cj:yf kf u] klkSj x
. @= slnnf] pd]af6 k|f}9 cj:yfdf k'Ug' pd]bf x'g' . #= vl;|g' afpFl7g' . $= k'fgf] x
g' w]} ;dosf] x'g' (f]u cflb) . %= 7]sLdf flvPsf] bxL, 3}F6fdf flvPsf] hfF8 cflb w]}
bgsf] x'g' jf k'fgf] aGg' . > l5KKofO gf) l5lKkg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5KKofOg
' s) lqm) l5lKkg] kflg' klkSj agfOg' . l5KKofpg' k|) ] lqm) != kmnkm"n cflb af]6d } f
fv] klkSj kfg'{ . @= l5lKkg] t'Nofpg' l5lKkg nfpg' . l5dn\g ;) lqm) 5fF6sfF6 ug{
jNg . > l5dn gf) != sfdsfsf] d];f] k6s l5Fjn . @= lglZrt ;do jf cjlw l5Fdn bfdn . l
fO gf) l5dNg] jf l5dnfpg] lqmof k|lqmof . l5dnfOg s) lqm) l5dNg nfOg l5FjnfOg . l
5dnfpg k|) ] lqm) l5dNg nfpg l5Fjnfpg . l5dlng s) lqm) l5dNg] sfd ulg l5Fjlng .
l5d]s gf) [l5d e]s ] 3jlklsf] 7fpF 5l5d]s jNnf]kNnf] 3 . > l5d]sL lj) l5d]sdf a;]
f] jNnf]kNnf] 3 xg] l5d]ssf] l5d]s ePsf] . l5Dsg ;) lqm) xy{\ufdf x]sf uLx pkmf
xTs]nfn] ;dfpg . > l5DsfO gf) l5Dsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5DsfOg s) lqm) l5D
sg nfOg l5Dsg] kflg . l5Dsfpg k|) ] lqm) l5Dsg] kfg{ l5Dsg nfpg . l5lDsg
428

s) lqm) l5Dsg] sfd ulg . l5Ds] gf) [l5Ds P] l5Dsg] sfd u] v]lng] ufsf] v]n . ~ emf
]) l5pFs]f . l5DSofx6 gf) [l5Ds ofx6] l5Dsg] efj, cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5of lj) [
;+) lIft] != lrlPsf] jf 3fp nfu]sf] 5]8 k]sf] . gf) @= 3fp 5]8 5]b . ~ l5of lqm) lj)
= sfl6g], 5]l8g] jf 3f]lrg] eP Kjfn}Kjfn xg] uL 6qm}6qmf eP . lj) @= To:tf] xg] z
fLls jf dfgl;s cj:yfsf] l5GgleGg . l5\g c) lqm) [5]8\ g] sg} bnf] jf Kjfn cflbaf6
Psfltaf6 k;] csf{lt lg:sg . l5la gf) [c) d") l5\ c(l))] != cg]s \usf ;;fgf af
3fd5fofFaf6 ag]sf ltld] af . > l5la] lj) l5la af k]sf] l5la b]lvg] . l5n\
= sg} 7fpFdf ldnfP fv]sf] sfuhkq, cGgkft cflb j:t hyfefaL;Fu otfplt kfg{ ]Ng . @=
3fF;kft, kfn cflb kmsfP 5g{ To:tf] j:tsf] 3fg xfNg . > l5nfO gf) l5Ng] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . l5nfpg k|]) lqm) l5Ng nfpg . l5lng s) lqm) l5nf] xg otfplt 5lg .
gf) [;+) Ifn] sg} j:t jf ;;fdfg hyfefaL xg] l:ylt l5lng] sfd 55f ]nf] . l5fO
l5g]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l5fOg ;) lqm) != k;fOg 3;flg . s) lqm) @= l5
g]{ kflg 3:g] kflg . l5fpg ;) lqm) != k;fpg Psfklaf6 xfn] csf{kl kofpg . k
@= l5g{ nfpg Psfklaf6 k;] csf{kl lgl:sg nfpg . l5lg s) lqm) kl;g 3l;g . l5sf{5
{ gf) [c) d") l5sf]{ (l))] != sk8f, sfuh, 5fnf cflbdf k]sf ljleGg sf af yf]Knfyf]Kn
@= l5sf{xsf] ;d"x l56f5f6L . l5sL{ gf) [l5s]{ O{] != ;fgf]ltgf] l5s]{ . @= hf]L vf]Hg
]nfO{ p;n] yfxf gkfpg] uL uf]8fn] cNfO{ n8fpg] Ps bfp l5s]b { fp . ] != ljleGg sf w;f
{w;L{ jf yf]Knfyf]KnL l5s] { lj) [ 58\s] k]sf] l5s]{lds]{ 6f6]kf\u|] (a:tefp, nufkm
6f cflb) . gf) @= csf{sf] senf] ug]{ lgotn] ulg] hfn]n, rSnL bfpk]r . ~ bfp gf) != s
tL v]Nbf k|ltGLsf vfsf aLrdf cfgf] vf] l5fO{ na kf] n8fpg] tlsf 58\s] bfp rf
f] xflggf]S;fgL ug]{ lgotn] yfxf gxg] uL bMv lbg] jf rfn lSg] df}sf bMv lbg] lgo
tsf] hfn]n df}sfafhL s6 v]n . lds] { lj)

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
429

l5sf] { 56fO sf6] ;sfOPsf] tsfL vfOg] 6qmf . @= ltn, km;L{sf laofF cflb s6] agfOPs
] aa] w"nf] crf . 5sd  gf) uxF, hf} 5lg] afLdf knfpg], :jflbnf], ;ulGwt pkof
Ps k|sfsf] a6L f . 5rL gf) != aGbssf 6f]6f xg] 7fpFdf hf]l8Psf] 3f]8fn] 7Ss vjfp
bf af?b jf 6f]6f ePsf] 7fpFdf hfg] ;Nsfpg] sLnf]h:tf] c\u . @= af]tn cflbsf dvdf
flvg] kmflsnf] dv ePsf] kLFwdf 66L k]sf] ;f]nL sfu] . #= bO{ gbLsf ;\udsf aLrdf
g]{ tLgrf];] ;f]tf] hldg bf]efgsf dfdf kg]{ ausf] ;f]tf] . 5rG  b| ] gf) [5rG  b
|f ] P] != tfFtL nfu] v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . lj) @= 5rGb|fsf] h:tf] uGw ePs
f] 5rGb|fsf] h:tf] tfFtL nfUg] . ~ tfFtL gf) Pp6fkl5 csf{] / To;kl5 csf]{ g5lO{s
g tfFtL nfu]/ lxF8\g], 5rGb|fsf] nfdh:t} nsf]{ nfdf] tfFtL nsf]{ nfd . 5rG  b|f
] gf) [;+) 55Gb/] != ;Fu/sf] h:tf] ytgf] xg], :jfefljs cgkfteGbf ;fgf cf
Fvf ePsf], 7:; uGw cfpg], d;fh:tf] k|f0fL . 5rf]5Rrf] lj) [;+) Ifb|] != ;fgf]
lrQ ePsf] 5f]6f] ldhf;sf] bR5 . @= nf]eL :jefjsf] lsG6f]sL . #= ;fyLefOnfO{ g;xg] cl
Nbf] . $= csf grflxFbf sf ug]{ 5Nofxf 5:s . > 5RofO gf) 5'rf] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:
f] x'g] vfnsf] sfd jf Jojxf . 5'6\g c) lqm) [56 g] != sg} j:t jf sfd afFsL xg 5
g . @= sg} sfdsf] lalg uNtL xg eNg . #= aGwg jf ;hfo, s}b cflbaf6 dSt xg k
{b kfpg . $= afFw]sf] aGwg 5f]8\g kmSg . 56 gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd ubf{ e"naf6 e
Psf] 56fO 56g \ ] sfd . @= uNtL 56k6 . #= afFsL xn . sff gf) != b08;hfo cflbaf6
g] dlQm 56g \ ] sfd dlQm . @= cjsfz labf 5L km;{b . u7L gf) b]jb]jfno, kf6Lk
cflb wfld{s j:t jf k"hfcfhf cflbsf] sfo{;~rfng ug{ tf]lsPsf hUufsf] cfo:tfaf6 v
r{ uL art ePsf] cfo:tf ;~rfng ug]{n] vfg kfpg] sd . 5f6 gf) sg} sfd ubf{ yfxf kfO{ j
f gkfO{ xg uPsf] sfd afFsL xnkxn 56k6 . gfd gf) kltkTgLn] sfggL kaf6 kfpg] 5f]8
rs] kfkq 56fgfd l;Gsf]kf\uf | ] . k6km6 gf) != sg} sfd ubf{ sf0fjz 56g \ uP
f j:t xnkxn afFsLarf]6 565f6 . lj) @= ar]vr  s ] f] xnkxn 56 ePsf] . 56fO gf)
fO)] 56\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 56fOg s) lqm) 56\g]56fpg] sfd ulg .
56fpg k|]) lqm) != aGwgaf6 dQm ufpg 56sff lbnfpg

ljleGg sf w;f{w;L{ jf yf]Knfyf]KnL ldl;Psf] l5la] . l5sf] { gf) [;+) l5Kts] != j]u;Fu
cfPsf] tn kbfy{sf] l56f] . @= To;L ag]sf ljleGg cfsfsf bfu w;f]{ . l5n\g ;) lqm) [;+
5lNn g] != af]qmf 5f]8fpg l5Nsg . @= vs{g tf5\g . > l5nfO gf) l5Ng] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . l5nfOg s) lqm) l5Ng nfOg . l5nfpg k|) ] lqm) l5Ng nfpg l5Ng] kfg
{ . l5lng s) lqm) l5lNsg . l5Nsg ;) lqm) [lx) l5Nsf g] sg} kmnkm"n, vkft cflbsf af
qmf tf5\g 5f]8fpg . > l5NsfO gf) l5Nsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l5NsfOg s) lqm)
af]qmf 5fOg g\UofOg 5f]8fOg . l5Nsfpg ;) lqm) af]qmf 5lg] kfg{ l5Nsg nfpg .
sg s) lqm) af]qmf] tfl5g g\UofOg 5f]8fOg . l5Nsf] gf) [;+) Iffns] tsfL, kmn cflb
fy{sf] aflxL cjoj af]qmf] vf]:6f] 5fnf . l5lNng c) lqm) [l5lxln g] != nfh;d Tofu]
{bfsf] Vofn} guL lhl:sP sf ug{ kflQg Otlg l5lxlng . > l5NNofO gf) l5lNng] efj,
jf k|lqmof . l5NNofOg s) lqm) l5lNng] kflg l5lNng nfOg . l5NNofpg k|]) lqm) l5lN
ng] kfg{ l5lNng nfpg . l5lxlng c) lqm) c;Eo tlsfn] nfhefF8sf] jf:t} guL lhl:sg Ot
 kflQg . > l5lxNofO gf) l5lxlng]kg OtofO . l5lxNofO gf) l5lxlng] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
of . l5lxNofOg' s) lqm) l5lxlng nfOg' . l5lxNofpg' k|) ] lqm) l5lNng nfpg' . 5L lj)
af]) x]) l5M . ~ 5L lj) af]) l5Ml5M. 5'O gf) [5'O] 5'g] sfd 5'jfO :kz{ (afnaf]nLdf)
. 5fO gf) != 5'g]jg]{ sfd 55'jfO . @=5'jf5"t cflbsf] e]befj 5't5ft . 5'O { gf) [5'O
k/;/fO /h:jnf 6qmfO g5'g' g5'g] . ~ 3 gf) klxnf] kN6sL g5'gs ] f nflu /xga:g agfOPsf]
u'KtL sf]7f] jf 7fpF . 5's gf) [ 5'xs< ;+) z'es] != z'e tyf d
\unsf] ;
\st ] z'e zsg ;
kmfk . @= c;n sfdsf nflu k ;flPsf] sf . #= 5"t 5'jf5"t . 5's5's gf) [c) d") 5's\c(l
= rlnxg] lsl;d, cj:yf jf :jefj rsrs . lqm) lj) @= To;} klg otfplt rlnxg] lsl;dn] .
> 5's5'sL lqm) lj) 5's5's rsrs . 5's5's ] lj) r~rn :jefjsf] vfnL a:g g;Sg] rsrs] cl:y
5'sL lj) [5'sO{] 5's nufpg] 5's ePsf] nlR5gsf] nlR5gL . 5's'gL gf) [k|f) r'Ssf00f] !
b"wdfg], ss{nf cflbsf 8fF7

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5'6fgfd5'L cnu ufpg' . ;) lqm) @= e"n ug'{ sfdsf] lafpg' uNtL ug'{ . 5'6fgfd gf) [
!= ljof]u 5'6gfd . @= kltkTgLsf] ;DaGwljR5] b hgfpg] sfg' g L lnvt kfkq ;DaGwljR5]bk
q . 5'f lj) [ 5'6] != cfgf] ;d"x jf 7fpFeGbf cnUu} x]sf] leGg} a;]sf] 5'lPsf] a]Un
. @= cnu leGg 5'f] 5' . ~ 5' } lqm) lj) leGgfleGg} a]Unfa]Un} cnucnu} . 5'lg
!= cfgf] ;d"x, kljf jf ;xeflutfaf6 cnlUug leGg} xg . @= bfhefOx c+zaG8f uL cnucn
xg . 5L gf) [ 56] != cfgf] b}lgs sfddf xflh xg gkg]{ lbg labf cjsfz . @= 56sf
Qm . #= gfz aaf{bL . lj) $= w]} dfqfdf clt g} crfSnL . 5fL gf) != labf jf km;{b eP
cj:yf To:tf] ;do jf lbg . @= lansn gfz rf}k} vtd gi6e|i6 lauf pkw|f] ;Tofgfz aaf
) lj) #= lau|g] uL aaf{b xg] uL . ~ leGg lj) c+zaG8f uL 5lPsf] dfgf] 5lPsf] . ~
] lj) != sg} sfdn] jf a]sfdn] s;}nfO{ ;tfpg] vGwf ug]{ afaf ToxL sf bf]xf]ofOx
cK7ff] c;fWo} c;lhnf] . lqm) lj) #= sf]{ nfUg] uL jfSs kfg]{ lsl;d;Fu . 5f] lj) [
d"xaf6 cnlUuPsf] 5f PSnf] kmf] . 5fO gf) [ 5l( ofO)] 5lg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
5fOg s) lqm) 5fpg nfOg . 5fpg k|]) lqm) != cnu kfg{ leGg tNofpg . @= f]u
vfpg . 5t gf) [;+) ;"ts] c:k[Zo j:t 5Fbf nfUg] bf]if ;+;u{af6 nfUg] bf]if . 5f
t gf) 5jft5 5ft5t n;k; . x]) 5t . > 5tfO gf) 5ltg] jf sf]fleq k:g] lqmofk|lqmof
. > 5tf5t lj) 5g xg] / gxg] -/f]u, JolQm, kz cflb_ 5jf5tsf] Vofn ug{kg]{
5t / c5tsf] e]befj ug]{ . 5tf? gf) h7f], ;"ts k"} nfUg] ;lk08leqsf bfhefO b;fx
f bfhefO t]x|lbg] e}ofb . 5tfxf lj) != 5jfO jf n;k;af6 ;g]{ ;\qmfds (f]u) . @= t]
x|lbg] h7f] afg{kg]{ bfhefO ;lk08Lleqsf bfhefO . 5ltg c) lqm) sf]fleq k:g lqm
ofkqLn] sf]fdf k:g cfzf}r afg]{ 3df k:g . 5tL 5jf5t afg{ gkg]{ vfnsf] :kz{ ubf{
jf eft kfgL 5Fbf aft gnfUg] 5tleqsf hft eftsf] . 5lQ gf) !=k:kdf 5f]P xNnFb} v]ln
g] Pp6f v]n . @= k]6leq cfGb|f vfnL eP xlNng] sfd ef]sn] k]6 sfpsfp u]sf] cj:yf . 5
2 ] gf) [;+) Ifwf] != vfg] OR5f ?lr ef]s t[i0ff . @=
430

cfsf\Iff x . 5b | lj) [;+) Ifb|] != 5:s :jefjsf] 5Rrf] afgL ePsf] . @= gLr :jefj
tR5 lgs[i6 . 5g ;) lqm) [k|f) 5j < ;+) 5k g] != :kz{ ug{ ;+;u{ ug{ n;k; xg .
@= hfteftdf af]g{ 5g lgif]w eftefG;f, kfgL cflb rnfOlbg . 5gd  g   gf) [c)
d") (l)) dg (dG6f])] != dl;gf s]6fs]6Ln] dG6f] xNnfP v]Ng] v]n . @= c:jLsf k|s6
ubf{ O;ffsf lglDt ulg] dG6f]xNnfO . > 5gdg] lj) != 5gd  g   ug]{ xnfUbf] (afn
, af5f], kf7f], aRrf] cflb) . @= rsrs] 5s5s] r~rn] . 5k5k lqm) lj) [c) d") 5k\ c
(l))] nufnu 5k rfn jf zAbl;t . > 5k5kfO gf) 5k5kfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 5
k5kfOg s) lqm) 5k5k kflg . 5k5kfpg ;) lqm) 5k5k kfg{ (nuf wb F f jf rf
dn kmNbf) . 5k5kL lqm) lj) 5k5ksf] rfn jf zAb lgsfNb} . 5k5k ] lj) 5k5k ug
]{ jf xg] 5k5k rfnsf] . 5k5  k   lqm) lj) != wfg f]Kbf xftn] 5k5k ug]{ uL .
@= nuf 5k5kfpFbf jf rfdn kmNbf cfjfh lg:s]}F eP . 5Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") 5k\ k] kfg
Ln] rn{Dd leh]sf] sk8f, sfuh cflb eOFdf v:bf cfjfh cfpg] uL . 5KnSs lqm) lj)
[c) d") 5Kns\ s] ;fgf] j:t kfgLdf kbf{ Ps} v]k zAb cfpg] uL . 5dGt gf) [5M dGt] !=
sg} f]uJoflwnfO{ fkms cflbaf6 x6fOg] k|of; . @= sg} ;d:of ;Ss ;dfwfg xg] pkfo . lqm
lj) #= PsfPs ck{6l;t . 55 gf) [c) d") 5\ c(l))] != rsrs 5s5s kmkm r~rn
Nsf lx;fan] dfgfkfyL elg] uL . #= sg} w"nf] j:t la:tf} 5lg] jf rlxg] eP . > 55t
m) lj) c} 55 eP . 55 ] lj) != 55 ug]{ rsrs] 5s5s] . @= xNsf rfnl;t elPs
a:tf} rlxxg] . 5a lqm) lj) [c) d") 5 \ c(l))] != kugku nueu . @= vsnf];Fu
gfkfyL) . #= hyfefaL 5] (u]8fu8L) . > 5a] lj) != vsnf] ulPsf] 5a kflPsf] .
= G8}G8} nueu . 5f gf) [;+) If] != skfn j bfx|L vf}g], rSsh:tf] ;fgf] laF8 ePsf]
xltof . @= 3f]r] k|xf ulg] 6Kkf] tLvf] ePsf] rSs 5L . lj) #= clt nfUg] w]} s6fx
. $= aftaft} l6Kg] cf}wL dvfn] . 5lsf gf) [;+)] ;fgf] 5f 5L . 5L gf) [;+)] 6K
Lvf] xg,] 3f]r ] k|xf ulg] jf tsfL cflb sf6\g] sfd lnOg] rSsh:tf] ;fgf] xltof ;fgf

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
431
5f]5]p
[ > ] 5jfOg s) lqm) 5g nfOg

lsl;dsf] 5f . 5f] lj) c yf]s s]xL gldl;Psf] lgSv vfF6L ljz4 (ut, afnjf) cflb .
f) b"w jf dxL km6fP 5f]qmf ;sfO{ agfOPsf] vfB kbfy{ . 5 { lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\ ] ;;f
f u]8fu8L, cGg v:tf zAb lg:s]}F eP . 5n5n lqm) lj) [c) d") 5n\ c (l))] ] != afaf
fa nfUg] uL tt . @= 8qf;sf sf0fn] cflQP eoeLt xFb} . # cl:y eP rsrs . 5n5nfO
nfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 5n5nfOg c) lqm) tnan xf]Og r~rn xf]Og . 5n5nfpg
c) lqm) 5s5s] xg r~rn xg . 5n5nL lqm) lj) wdfwd lk;fa km]g]{ uL . 5n5n ]
lj) != yf]}yf]} lk;fa km]g]{ 5n5n lk;fa ug]{ . @= 5s5s] r~rn] rsrs] . 5n5NofO
5n5Nofpg] jf 5n5nL lk;fa ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . 5n5Nofpg ;) lqm) 5n5nL
lk;fa k]mg{ yf]yf]} lk;fa ug{ 5NSofpg . 5n5Nofx6 gf) 5n5lng] efj, lqmof jf c
j:yf . 5nan lqm) lj) x]) rnan . > 5nanfO gf) 5nanfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . 5nanfOg c) lqm) rnanfOg . 5nanfpg c) lqm) rnanfpg . 5nanfx6 gf)
rnanfx6 . 5nan ] lj) rnan] . 5ndf gf) sfF8}sfF8f xg] sfF8fsf 6Kkfdf af6n
f kmn kmNg] Ps lsl;dsf] a6L . 5nS  s lqm) lj) [c) d") 5ns\ s] yf]}yf]} lk;fa km]]
?Ss . 5Nsg c) lqm) [c) d") 5ns g] yf]}yf]} lk;fa km]g{ clncln u ] lk;fa v:sg
5lNsg c) lqm) clnslt lk;fa xg t?st?s lk;fa emg{ . 5Ns] lj) != 5n5n ug]{ t
?st?s lk;fa km]g]{ . @= r~rn rsrs] 5nan] . 5NSofO gf) 5Nsg] jf 5NSofpg] lqmo
fk|lqmof . 5NSofOg s) lqm) 5n5nL lk;fa ulg . 5NSofpg ;) lqm) 5nS  s lk;fa
ug{ 5n5nL lk;fa km]g{ yf]yf]} tSof{pg . 5NSofx6 gf) 5NSofpg] efj, lqmof jf cj
:yf . 5NofO gf) [5'nf (kf]n)ofOF] ePgePsf] sf nufpg] sfd r'SnL 5':s]f] . 5'Nofxf
nf (kf]n)cfxf] k:kdf Ps csf{sf] sf nfP ahfpg] kmf6f] kfg]{ 5'NofOF ug]{ :jefjsf]
fpg] kf]nfxf 5':s . 5'jf gf) [lx)] pv'sf] lrgL alg;s] afFsL x]sf] sfd gnfUg] ; . 5'j
f) [ 5'(cfO)] 5'g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
. 5'jfpg' k|) ] lqm) 5'g

nfpg' 5'jfpg' . 5'jf5't gf) [5'5't] c:k[Zol;tsf] n;k; 5ft5"t 5"t5ft . 5'jf5"t gf) x])
5'jf5't . 5';5'; gf) [c) d") 5';\c(l))] != 5':s]f] 5's5's rsrs . lqm) lj) @= l5gl5gdf
rlnxg] uL cl:y eP . > 5';5'; ] lj) 5'NofOF ulxg] b'Mv lbOxg] 5'Rrf] 5':s . 5';
:j] != ux'Fsf kmnsf 6'Kkflt km]blt xg] 6'8 F f] '; . @= cf}n F fsf aflxkl k|To]s v
pld|g] f}F . #= ;fgf]ltgf] dxjxLg sf gu0o j:t' . lj) $= hfaf] t'R5 . 5':s lj) != s
v lbg] vfnsf] r'SnL nfpg] 5'Nofxf kf]nfxf . @= rsrs ug]{ 5's5's] r~rn . 5':s] lj) [5'
sf]P] 5's5's ug]{ 5'Nofxf . 5':s]f] gf) [ 5':s] != 5':ssf] sfd r'SnL 5'NofOF . lj)
ofxf 5':s . 5':sf] gf) != r'SnL nufpg] sfd 5'NofOF . @= r'a'sf]{ 5\jf:; . lj) #= 5'Rr
f] 5':s] . 5':SofO gf) [5':s]ofOF] 5':s] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf r'SnL 5'NofOF . 5':Sofx
lj) [5':sf]ofxf] 5':sf] nufpg] 5';5'; ug]{ vfnsf] 5':s 5'Nofxf . 5':of gf) [g]jf)] d
f cfsfsf] t s]xL afSnf] vfnsf] ofnL afhf . 5':; lqm) lj) [c) d") 5';\;] != xNsf tjn]
'g] uL r':; 5';'Ss . @= r'SnL nfpg] jf 5'NofOF ug]{ lsl;dn] . #= clnslt e'jf, f}F cf
lb b]lvg] jf pld|g] uL . $= w"nf] jf kL7f] j:t' kf]lvP . gf) %= clncln uL lbOPsf] j
f ;fx|} yf]} j:t' 5';5'; . 5"6 gf)x]) 5'6 . 5"t gf) x]) 5't . 5ft gf) x]) 5't5ft . >
5"tf5"t lj) x]) 5'tf5't . 5"tL lj) x]) 5'tL . 5]p gf) [;+) 5]b] != e"v08, If]q, j:t
' cflbsf] ;dfKt x'g] efu (pbf) afLsf] l8n, k':tssf] lsgff, efF8fsf] la6 O)) . @= gl
hssf] 7fpF jf a:tL ;fdLKo . #= lsgff 6'Kkf] km'sf]{ . gf) of]) $= glhs kf; lgs6 ePsf
fpF y}F l5d l5pF . sf6 gf) 5]p5fpsf] efu jlklsf] If]q 5l5d]sssf] 7fpF cf;kf;sf
sf6 ] lj) 5]psfF6;DaGwL 5]psfF6sf] . 5fp gf) != glhssf] 7fpF jf a:tL . @= 5]psgf s
L . lqm) lj) #= jk glhs . l8n lqm) lj) 5]p l8n;Dd g5'6\g] uL .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5]pnf5]b 5]pnf gf) [:ofpnf]] sf7 jf :ofpnf cflbn] agfOPsf] af . 5]pnf] gf) [5]pnf]] !
= 5]p5fp cf;kf; glhsk'F8f] . @= 5]pdf jf ce]sdf k]sf] hUuf, a:tL jf :yfg cf]N6]sf]N6
] k]sf] 7fpF . #= kbf{ . lj) $= 5]psf] l8n jf sfGnfsf] . 5]s\g ;) lqm) [;+) 5]bs g]
!= sg} 7fpFdf a:tefp hfg gkfpmg\ eg] f]Sg yGg . @= sg} sfd xg glbg yfDg . #= s
LF hfg jf ;g{af6 f]Sg . $= sg} 7fpF cf]u6\g . %= af, 3]f, kbf{ jf kvf{n cflbn] 3]g
{ . ^= nuf l;pgsf nflu hLpdf gfKg c8\sNg gfkf] lng . 5]s gf) [5]sf]] != sg} ;Ld
f jf 7fpFaf6 cl3 hfg f]Sg] sfd yGg] sfd 5]saf 5]syg . @= a]nf df}sf cj; tfs kIf
F6 lsl;d . ~ 5Gb gf) cfsfk|sfsf] vfsf 9fFrfsfFrf tfnd]n k]vf 5fF6sfF6 . 5fs gf
sfd afa] . ~ yg gf) != sg} j:t jf k|f0fLnfO{ :jtGq xg jf rNg glbg] p2]Zon] yGg]
Sg] sfd f]s6f]s . @= afwfJojwfg cjf]w . ~ af gf) != 5]Sg yGgsf nflu tof ulPsf] :
tf jf sk8f cflbsf] af 5]sfaf . @= cfjZos kbf{ lSg fVg ;lsg] af . 5]sf gf) [5]s cf
b ;Ldf tf]Sg] ab F f jf j:t hfgcfpg g;lsg] uL nufOPsf] af k|ltaGw f]sfj6 tuff]
. @= latf{ jf df}hf lbFbf tf]lsPsf] rf lsNnf . #= ;f] rf lsNnf lgwf{lt ug]{ kq . 5]
sfO gf) [ 5]s\( cfO)] 5]Sg] jf 3]g{] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] 5]sfOg s) lqm) 5]Sg
jf 3]g{ nufOg 5]syg ulg . 5]sfpg ;) lqm) != nufsf] gfkf] lng nuf l;pg sk8f g
fKg . k|]) lqm) @= 5]Sg jf f]Sg nufpg . 5]sf5]s gf) k:kdf f]sff]s ug]{ sfd ygfyg
5]sfgkf | ; gf) [;+)] rgfdf Ps} j0f{ cg]s k6s bf]xf]lFbf xg] cn\sf zAbfn\sfdWo]sf
cn\sf . 5]sfkXglt gf) [;+)] cn\sfzf:qsf lgodcg;f Pp6f plQmnfO{ csf]{ To:t} t coyfy
lQmn] v08g ulPsf] efg xg] cn\sf Ps zAbfn\sf ckXglt cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . 5]sfaf gf
. 5]sfefhf gf) [ 5]sf]efFhf]] x]) 5]sf]efFhf] . 5]sff] gf) [5]s\cff]] != jlklaf6
sfd . @= jlkl;Dd lgoGq0f ug]{ 3]f] af . #= 5]sf] afwf c8\sfp y'gf . $= klqmdf . l
'dfpf] km]f] . ~ sf6\g' 6') 3'dfp/f] af6f] u/L efUg' . 5]lsg' s) lqm) [5]s\Og'] != u
jf j]u f]lsg' ultf]w
432

ulg' . @= n'uf cf
df ldNg] lx;fan] 5]lsg' gfkf] lnOg' . 5]s'jf lj) [5]s\pjf] 5]Sg] :je
fjsf] cjf]w v8f ug]{ vfnsf] f]sfj6 nufpg] . 5]sf] gf) [5]s\cf]] != a:t'efp jf c s]xL
h cfpg g;sf];\ egL nufOPsf] af cjf]w f]Ssf . @= k|ltaGw aGb]h 5]saf lgoGq0f . #= k
n jf 3]fsf] af . 5]sf]lSt gf) [;+)] clewf cy{sf cltlQm nIf0ff jf Jo~hgf cy{ Wjlgt x'
g] nf]sf]lQm WjGofTds cy{ule{t nf]sf]lQm 6'Ssfdo plQm cn
\sfsf] Ps e]b . 5]sf] efhf]
[5]sf]efFhf]] != s]xL sfsf] arfpsf] lglDt 5]sy'g ug{ agfOPsf] af, kvf{n, lubf{, 9]n
f], lsNnf cflb . @= f]Sg] sfo{ cjf]w k|ltaGw Jojwfg . 5]8\g ;) lqm) [;+) 5]bg] != s
lg j:tsf] kl5lNt l5rf]Ng] jf ulxf] Kjfn kg]{ uL 6f]8\sf] agfpg Kjfn kfg{ 5]b kfg{
. @= s;}nfO{ dd{ kg]{ jf lag] uL pkxf;k"0f{ sf eGg a]OHht xg] uL pkxf; ug{ p8fpg
#= k|;\u p7fpg ;Gbe{ vf]tNg lgxF lgsfNg . 5]8 gf) [;+) 5]b] != 5]8k]r Jo\Uok"0f{
egfO 5]8vfgL . @= Kjfn 5]l8Psf] 8f]a 6f]8\sf] l5b| . vfgvfgL gf) != sg} sfsf] kS
fg lgwf] . @= 5]8k]r Jo\Uof]lQmk"0f{ lh:SofO . 5f8 gf) != bnf], Kjfn cflb kfg]{ sfd
. @= egfa}L u8f . #= Jo\Uof]lQm 7f . ~ k]r gf) 5]8vfg 5]8vfgL . 5]8fO gf) [ 5]8\
\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 5]8fOg s) lqm) 5]8g \ ] sfd ulg . 5]8fpg k|) ] lqm)
5]8\g] kfg{ 5]8\g nufpg . 5]l8g s) lqm) Kjfn kflg . 5]8f] gf) [;+) 5]b] != ;fFu
f] k]sf] uNnLh:tf] af6f] ;fgf] af6f] uN5]F8f] uN5f] . @= 5]b l5b| . 5]q gf) [;+) If
sg} tLy{ jf d7dlGbdf cgfyxnfO{ ef]hg afF8\g] 7fpF . 5]qaf; gf) [;+) If]qf]kjf;] lslo
fkqLn] sf]fleq k;]sf k|yd lbg cxf]fq ug]{ pkjf; . 5]qL gf) [;+) Iflqo] != j0ff{>d
wd{cg;f Joj:yf ePsf a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo, z"b| rf j0f{dWo] bf];|f] j0f{ Iflqo . @=
kDkfcg;f fHo ;~rfng ug{ lhDdf lng] hflt . #= g]kfnLsf] Ps hft . 5]b\g ;) lqm) [;+)
5]bg] != bnf] kfg{ 5]8\g . @= sf6\g . 5]b! gf) [;+) 5]bs] != lkzfr e"tk|t ] . l
j) @= gLr bi6 :jefjsf] . #= 5]bL . 5]b@ gf) [;+)] != s6fO eFrfO l5gfO rF8fO . @= 6
qmf] s8\sf] luF8 . #= Kjfn 6f]8\sf] . > 5]bs lj) != sg} klg j:tnfO{ l;\uf] cj:yfaf6
So|fpg] luF8jf l5gfNg] s8\Sofpg] . @= gfz ug]{ ;j{;+xfL ;j{gfzL . 5]bg gf)

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
433

5]bfO5]:sf] 5]f gf) [ef]) a) <] rf}FLufO{sf] kR5sf f}Faf6 ag]sf] f8L rdsf eTnfa
lPsf] nDk6 lnp n]p . 5]fO gf) [ 5]( \ cfO)] 5]g]{ lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] 5]fO
m) 5]g{ nfOg 5]g]{ kflg . 5]fp6L gf) != k]6sf sg} u8a8Ln] nuftf kftnf] lb;f nfUg]
x}hf kvfnf 5]f}6L . @= uf]7fnfn] ufO{a:tnfO{ jf ufnL ug] { n ] ufnL vfg] n fO{ eGg
] zAb . 5] fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != 8df kfg{ sfa"df Nofpg jz ug{ . @= krfpg vf]
]sf] wg;DklQ lkmtf{ ug{ nfpg . #= 5]g{ nfpg kftnf] lb;f ufpg . 5]lg s) lqm) != 5
]g{] sfd ulg . @= kftnf] lb;f ulg kvfnf}F lb;f ulg . 5]?Gh]n lqm) lj) != ckr xg]
. @= eoeLt xGh]n . 5]?jf lj) != 5]]sf] 5]o} ug]{ w]} kN6 5]g]{ . @= k]6sf] f]uL 5]
f]u ePsf] . #= q:t 85]?jf xltxff cfF6 gePsf] . 5]f}6L gf) 5]fp6L . 5]nf] gf) [;
!= kmnfd jf 9u \ fsf] 8Nnf] xTs]nfdf lnO{ sddflyaf6, tfs]sf] ]vfdf pleO{ ;s];Dd 6f
9f kUg] uL xof{Og] v]n 5]nf] xfgL v]Ng] v]n . @= 5]nf] xfgL v]Ng], af6nf] 9\uf]
jf kmnfdsf] uf]nf] 8Nnf] . #= kftnf] 9\uf] jf kf\u|fsf u]8fh:t} cfsfsf] j:tnfO{ k
fgLdf plk|mFb} k;Dd kUg] lx;fan] xofO{ v]lng] v]n . v]nf] lj) != cfkm"nfO{ rflxPe
Gbf klg a9L eO{ xg] kmfnfkmfn ofFsfofFs . @= k|z:t kof{Kt rflxPhlt . lqm) lj) #= kmf
nfkmfn xg] uL . gf) $= kmfnfkmfn xg] l:ylt . n]vf] gf) != 5]nf] . @= cb\et sfo{
n]lvPsf] j0f{g lznfn]v . 5]j gf) [;+) Iff}] ;gftgL ;Dk|bfosf ;f]x| ;+:sfdWo]sf] Ps ;
+:sf r"8fsd{ hGdb]lv tLg jf kfFr jif{ kf] 5f]f dfG5]sf] klxnf]kN6 ljlwk"js { s]z sf6\
] sfd . 5]:sf gf) [r:sf] f] k]r kfg]{ x]tn  ] af]lnPsf] jrg Jo\Uo . 5]:sf5]:sL gf) [
sf] 5]:sf]] bfpf jf sf7kft cflbsf dl;gf 6qmf lFhflFhL ll6ld6L 6qmf6qmL rf]O6frf]
]l:sgL gf) [5]:sf] OgL] 3sf ofn9f]sf, bfh cflbsf b}nf aGb ug{ ;lhnf] kg]{ uL a];f]s
] vf]Ng g;sg\ eGg] lx;fan] 7f]lsPsf] kmnfd, afF; cflbsf] 5]:sf] 7]8L rsn dfg]{ ;fwg
. 5]l:sg c) lqm) [5]:sf] O g] != 5]:sf]df kl0ft xg . @= v;L kf]sf] sg} a:t 5]:s]
N6g . 5]:s] lj) [5]:sf] P] != 5]:sf];Fu ;DalGwt 5]:sfsf] . @= 5]:sf]h:tf] ;O] tLvf]
#= v;L kfbf{ k"} v;L gkL cfwf dfq v;L k]sf] . 5]:sf] gf) [r:sf]] sf7, afF; cflbsf]
;fgf] nfdf] jf 5f]6f]

sf6\g 6So|fpg luF8g \  r8 F fNg . 5]bgLo lj) 5]bg ug{ of]Uo 5]8g \ k  g]{ . 5]
bfO gf) [ 5]b\ ( cfO)] 5]b\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 5]bfOg s) lqm) 5]b\g nufOg .
5]bfpg k|]) lqm) 5]b kfg{ 5]b\g nufpg . 5]lbg c) lqm) != 5]b kg{ . s) lqm) @=
5]b\g] sfd ulg . 5]bL lj) [;+)] 5]bs . F fNg jf 6So | fpg ;lsg] sf6\gk  g]{ 5]B l
j) [;+)] sf6\g, r8 r8 F fNg jf 6So | fpg plrt . 5]gf gf) [;+) l5Gg] ;eL, rdrd cf
lb ld7fO{ agfpg b"w km6fP agfOPsf] 5f]qmf . ~ kfgL gf) b"w km6fP 5]gf agfO;s]kl5 ar
]sf] kfgL b"w kmf6\bf 5f]qmfhlt 5lPsf] kfgL kgM 5]gf agfpg b"wdf ld;fP b"w km6fpg]
kfgL . 5]k \ g ;)lqm)x]) 5fKg . 5]kg gf) [;+) If]k0f] != h;Lt;L latfpg] jf s6fpg]
d l;4fpg] sfd sfns6gL al;laofFnf] . @= cfIf]k ufnL 5]8 Jo\Uo pkxf; . 5]kfL gf) [
ssR { rfdfly lkF8n  fdlgsf] s7f] df+;v08 . ~ xf8 gf) ss{Rrf lk8fF}nfsf aLrsf],
LufF7feGbf kl5lNt kg]{ p7]h:tf] b]lvg] s8f g;f] . 5]kf] lj) [5]kff] P] 5]kffsf rfnsf]
Toflnf] . ~ c7f]6ef]ln gf) sfof{lGjt xg ;St}g egL ;a}n] cufj} rfn kfPsf] s;}sf] k|
lt1f jf ;\sNk . 5]kff] gf) [;+) If]ksf] 3fF6Ldf dfn 6fpsfdf svfsf efn]sf] h:tf] l;
g,] k|sfzdf ljleGg \udf ablnPsf] b]lvg] dfp;nLeGbf s]xL 7"nf] To:t} rfj6f vf ePsf]
c08h ju{sf] 3;|] lxF8\g] hLj . 5]e8]n gf) [g]jf)] k/fgf] ;dodf ;sfL ejg jf sfof{no
, kf6L, wd{zfnf, b]jfno cflb dd{t ug]{ jf gofF lgdf{0f ug]{ cf . 5]d gf) [;+) If]d
] != ;v;on cfgGb . @= sNof0f d\un . szn gf) ;vcfgGb sznd\un lgsfgGb ;Grf]
5] \ g c) lqm) [;+) If0f] != ckr eP jf sg} lafdLsf sf0fn] kftnf] lb;f nfUg tn l
. @= 8fpg bbxfO{ xg . #= s;}sf] dfnwg klxn] lnP krfpg g;sL lkmtf{ ug{ krfpg sf]
l;; u] klg g;Sg lkmtf{ ug{ . $= sfa" xg ljjz xg n?Ss kg{ . 5] gf) [;+) If] k
f] sg} f]u cflbsf sf0fn] kftnf] ePsf] lb;f kvfnf . k6L gf) != 5]fp6L kvfnf . @= x}
L . ~ efn lj) != sg} eofgs j:t jf 36gfb]lv q:t ePsf] 8n] cflQPsf] sfa" ePsf] . @= s
fon ePsf] .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5]:SofO5f]6f] l;Gsf] sf7kftsf] lFhf] f] 6qmf] . 5]:SofO gf) [ 5]l:s( ofO)] 5]l:sg
f k|lqmof . [ > ] 5]:SofOg s) lqm) 5]:Sofpg] kfl/g . 5]:Sofpg k|) ] lqm) 5]l:sg
] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . 5]:Sofx6 gf) 5]:SofO . 5]:Sofxf lj) != 5]:s] . gf) @= 5]:
sf] jf cNf] kfg]{ :jefj . 5}F6f5}F6L gf) [ef])] 6f]sL . 5}6L gf) [;+) ifli7sf] != afn
s hGd]sf] 5}6f}F lbgsf] ftdf ulg] pT;j jf sd{ To;} lbg ulg] ifli6sf b]jLsf] k"hf . @
= 5}6f}F lbgsf] flq afnssf] efUo efjLn] To;} lbg n]V5 eGg] kDkfcg;f fte afnssf glhs
QL aflng] sfo{ . #= ;gftgL ;Dk|bfosf ;f]x| ;+:sfdWo] gfds0f ;+:sf hftsd{ ;+:sfsf aLr
sf] Ps cltlQm ;+:sf . 5}6f} lj) [;+) ifi7] != uGb} hfFbf 5sf] ;
\Vofdf k]sf] ^ sf] ;
df cfgf] :yfg ePsf] . @= >]0fLljefhg ubf{ k}nf], bf];|f] x'Fb} 5}6f}F sf]6Ldf kg]
{ qmdfg';f 5 ;
\Vofdf 7fpF kfpg] . 5}dnf] gf) [5cdnf]] != 8G8Llaof] v]ndf 8G8Ln] jf la
of]n] kL gfKbf kg]{ 5}6f}F ;
\Vof . @= ;f] bfp kfbf{ 7fsjfnfn] s]tsf] gfkn] v]nsf] km'
uGg] k|0ffnL . #= To;L ulgPsf] km'L . 5}of lj) af]) [5}g] afnuLtdf jf s]6fs]6Lsf]
af]nLdf 5}g, xfof], ;lsof] cflb cy{ a'fpg] zAb . 5f]O gf) [k|f) 5'jO] != 5'g] sfd :kz
{ (s]xL ;d:t zAbsf cfDedf dfq ;Lldt, h:t} 5f]Ol56f], 5f]Okf;f] cflb) . @= 5'g gx'g
] jf 5'Fbf kf]Ng] jf sf6\g] sfnfO{ 5'g] sfo{ (afnaf]nL) . ~ l56f] gf) != tyfslyt c5
"t j:t' jf dfG5]nfO{ 5f]Oof] eg] z'4 x'gsf nflu ulg] cleif]s . @= cz'l4 x6fpg 5ls
{g] kfgL kljqtfsf lgldQ ulg] ;]rg . ~ lbNnuL gf) s;}sf] cfgLafgLnfO{ gSsn u] ptflg] p
xf; xNsf Jo
\Uo 5]8vfg nsf]{;sf]{ . 5f]Og' s) lqm) [5'Og'] != 5'g] sfo{ ulg' . c) lq
5'g] sfd x'g' . 5f]Okf;] lj) [5f]Okf;f]P] 5'Fb} cjufn nfUg] jf 5f]of] ls lau|g] .
5f]Okf;f] gf) [5f]Okf;f]] != 5f]Okf;] j:t' . lj) @= 5f]Okf;] . 5f]s8f! gf) [lx) 5f
]sf] != a'l4 au{t k|f9 } gePsf], cfnf]sfFrf] s]6f] kfl>lds klg k"f kfpg of]Uo eOg;s]
sf] afnsfdbf . @= nfDrf] jf 7"nf] hftsf] vh'sf] kmn ;'sfP tof kflg] u'lnof] :jfb ePsf
] ;'s6L vh'sf] ;'s6 L 5f]xf]f . 5f]s8f@ gf) g]kfnL nf]sg[Toxdf k|l;4 df?gL gfrdf
434

ufOg] fuxdWo] Ps fu df?gL uLtsf] Ps fu . 5f]qmf gf) [;+) zNs6 > ;f]Ss8f] != 5kgLdf x
5flg;s]kl5 jf t'
\jfdf xfn] kfOkff ; tflg;s]kl5 afFsL xg] hfF8sf] vf]:6f lyu|f] . @=
rl;lsPsf] j:t' l;L . 5f]qmL gf) != 7"nf;fgf 5f]qmfxsf] ;d'bfo . @= sg} ;bf j:t'df
clncln 5f]qmf s]xL yf]ax't 5f]qmf . 5f]lqmg' c) lqm) 5f]S|ofOnf] kflg' 5f]qmfh:tf] x
'g' . 5f]lqmnf] lj) tn kbfy{ sg} sf0fn] f]nrf]S6f ePsf] 5f]qm}5f]qmf ePsf] 5f]So | f
] . 5f]qm] lj) [5f]qmfP] 5f]qm}5f]qmf ePsf] 5f]lqmnf] 5f]So | fOnf] . ~ dxL gf) dxL k
fbf{ tlsf gldn] fd|f]l;t l3p gcfO{ l3psf] c+z x] 5f]lqmnf] ePsf] dxL b"w kmf6]}F kmf
f]lqmnf] ePsf] dxL . 5f]qmf] gf) [rf]S6f]rf]s] != x]) 5f]qmf . @= 5f]qmfsf] Ps c+z
jf PsfO ;fgf] 5f]qmf . > 5f]So | fO gf) 5f]qmf kfg]{ jf kg]{ lsl;d, lqmof jf efj .
5f]So | fOg' s) lqm) f]nrf]S6f kflg' 5f]qm}5f]qmf kflg' . 5f]S|ofOnf] lj) 5f]lqmnf]
5f]So | fpg' ;) lqm) != 5f]lqmnf] kfg'{ 5f]qmf 5'lg] kfg'{ . k|]) lqm) @= 5f]lqmg]
kfg'{ 5f]lqmg] cj:yfsf] t'Nofpg' . 5f]S|ofx6 gf) 5f]S|ofO . 5f]6 lj) [k|f) 5f] < ;+
) Iff]b6] 5f]6f] (;d:t zAbsf cfDedf dfq ;Lldt, h:t} 5f]6v'], 5f]6sL O)) . sL lj) !=
]6f] jf ;
\If]k lsl;dsf] (efif0f, n]v, af]nL O)) . @= 5f]fOPsf], ;
\lIfKt . > 5f]l6g' c
) lqm) 5f]6f] x'g' ;
\lIfKt x'g' . 5f]6L! gf) [;+)] vf]nfdf gfp tfg]{ hflt gfljs dfL
fx . 5f]6L@ gf) df5fsf] Ps hftljz]if . 5f]6L# lj) [5f]6f]O{] != cwLg:y txsf] (5f]6L
x'nfs, 5f]6L, uf}F8f, 5f]6L rf}sL O)) . @= 5f]6f] ldhf; jf lrQsL . #= 5f]6f] cf
s[ltsL . $= sd ultzLn (5f]6L sbd cflb) . ~ sbd gf) 3f]8fsf rfnxdWo] sbd rfnsf] sd
ultzLn k|sf . ~ eG;f gf) sg} zfvf eG;f sfof{nocGtu{t x]sf] ;fgf] eG;f sg} eG;f sf
vb]vdf x]sf] ;fgf] eG;f sfof{no . ~ df;L{ gf) 5f]6] df;L{ . ~ fhdfu{ gf) d"n fhdfu{df
hf]l8g] ;fgf] fhdfu{ . ~ x'nfs gf) sg} zfvf jf ljefu x'nfsaf6 ;~rfng ulPsf] ;fgf] x'
nfs x'nfs cfxdWo]sf] tNnf] txsf] cf . 5f]6 ] lj) [5f]6f]P] 5f]6f] cfsfsf] ;fgf] . ~
{ gf) df;L{ hftsf wfgxdWo] ;fgf] 8Nnf] rfdn x'g] df;L{ wfg . 5f]6f] lj) [;+) Iff]b
6] != hlt nfdf] x'g'kg]{ xf] Tolt nfdf] gePsf] nfdf]sf] ljkLt n3' . @= 5f]6sL ;
\lIfKt
. #=

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
435

5f]8\g'5f]]L] gf) 5f]Kg] jf 5f]lkg] lqmofk|lqmof . 5f]kfOg s) lqm) 5f]lkPsf] kflg 5

]Kg nufOg . 5f]kfpg k|) ] lqm) 5f]lkg] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . 5f]kf5f]k gf) != h
;n] ;Sof] p;}n] 5f]k ] , n6 ] , vf]; ] lng] sfd xffn5 tfgftfg . @= csf{n] b]Vg gxg
j:t b]lvxfNnfg\ ls eg] xQkQ 9fs5f]k ug]{ jf nsfpg] sfd l5kfpg] sfd . #= df}sfdf
ulxfNgkg]{ sfd cj; uDnf eg] ulxflng] sfd . $= b|tultdf ulPsf] 5f]kfO . 5f]lkg s
qm) != 5f]Kg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= 5f]kfOsf] kfq xg . 5f]kL gf) [5f]k \ O] afF;,
lgufnf], dfln\uf] cflbsf rf]ofaf6 agL kft cflb 5fk] kfgL kbf{ cf]9\g] 3d :ofv .
5f]kf] gf) [5f]k\ cf]] != ;f; uPkl5 nf;sf] dv 9fSg] sk8f d[tsnfO{ ghnfpGh]n dv 5f
]k\g] sk8f . @= lslofkqLxn] lzdf afFWg] gftf] . 5f]kf | sL lj) [5f]k|fs O{] != u08sL
c~rnsf] uf]vf{df kg]{ 5f]k|fs eGg] 7fpFsf] afl;Gbf . @= Psf]xf]f] nf6f];wf] . #=
ufpFn] ;Lwf;fbf h] b]v] klg dSv kg]{ vfnsf] (pbf) 5f]k|fsLn] km"nkftL x]]F}) . 5f]onf
gf) [g]jf)] != ;]sfP tof kflPsf] df;sf] klsf . @= cfnsf rfgfdf s]fp, d6 cflbsf u]8
8L ldnfO{ ;fFw] ksfOPsf] f]nbf tsfL 5f]nf . 5f]f gf) [5f]f]sf] lt) )] x]) 5f]f]
!= kfljfls hLjg latfpg] u[x:ysf pQflwsfL s]6fs]6L afnaRrf . @= ;Gtfg aRrfaRrL 5fpf
f]L gf) [5f]f] O{] zfLls ;+rgfdf :qLln\uL c\u ePsL ;Gtfg kqL r]nL gfL ;Gtfg .
O{ ufnL, oftgf, kL8f cflb lbP}{F uL csf{nfO{ qf; b]vfpg] gLlt (pbf) 5f]L s6L axfL t
;f{pg)  . ~ r]nL gf) 5f]La]6L . ~ HjfO gf) != 5f]L HjfOF 5f]L 5f]Lsf] klt . @=
ljjfx ug]{ rflxF HjfOF 5f]Lsf] nf]Ug] . ~ a]6L gf) != 5f]L jf 5f]/L kg]{ cfOdfO{x . @
= 5f]Lt'No gfL;d'bfo . #= 5f]Lr]nL r]nLa]6L 5f]La'xfL . ~ af]Sof] gf) g]kfnL j0f{df
cEof; ufpFbf k'ftg k4ltcg';f km cIfnfO{ lbOPsf] gfd . ~ dfG5] gf) :qLhflt r]nLhflt
] ] gf) [5f]f]P] != d]nf]d];f] gldn]df ldnfpg ylkg] c+z jf j:t' af8f (wfg, sf]bf] f]K
fsf] jf 8fnf], 8f]sf] a'Gbfsf]) . @= v]t jf afLdf jfkf gk'us ] f aLrdf ylkPsf h:tf
;fgf uf jf ;'sf{ . 5f]6 ] L gf) [5f]f]P6LPL] hjfg o'jtL t?gL l76L 5f] ]L. 5f]6
f]Pf]] != f}:ofxf vfnsf] o'js dfOnf] tGg]L 5f]]f . 5f] ] L gf) [5f]f]PL] x])

;fgf] . $= 5'b| gLr xLg . ~ lrQsf] lj) cg'bf dgsf] . ~ ld7f] lj) 5fF6 ks ] f] ;fgf]
tfklg :jflbnf] . > 5f]f gf) tGg]L s]6f] o'js . @= c;Eo gLr 5'b| cwd . 5f]lg' c) lq
5f]l6g' . 5f]L gf) != s]6L t?gL . @= lnDa"sf] wfggfr u'?
xsf] f]bL3h:t} ?sd lhNnfs
bfxsf] ftel e]nf eP gflrg] ;f+:s[lts gfrufg . lj) #= l;s :jefjsL 76f}nL (cfOdfO{) .
c;Eo gLr 5'b| cwd (cfOdfO{) . 5f]fO gf) != 5f]6f] x'g] jf kfg]{ lsl;d, lqmof jf efj .
@= tGg]Lkg . 5f]fOg' s) lqm) ;
\If]kLs0f ulg' 5f]6f] kflg' . 5f]fpg' ;) lqm) ;\
f] kfg{ ;\If]kLs0f ug{ jf ug{ nufpg . 5f]8 \ g ;) lqm) [k|f) 5f] g] != cfgf] cl
:jTj TofUg 5f8\g . @= aGwgdf k]sf a:tefpnfO{ kmsfpg s}bdf k]sf] aGbL kmSsf ug
{ . #= uf]nf, af?b, If]Kof:q cflb ofFSg k|If]k0f ug{ . $= lr7Lkq cflb xnfsaf6
rnfpg . %= lafdL lgsf] xg f]udQm xg . 5f]8 gf) [5f]8\ c] 5f]8\g] sfd 5f]8fO (;d:
zAbsf] cfDedf dfq ;Lldt, h:t} 5f]8kq, 5f]85f8 O)) . 5f8 gf) != 5f]8\g] sfo{ . @=
565f6 xnkxn cjz]if . ~ kq gf) != sg} j:t jf ;DklQk|ltsf] cfgf] clwsf Tofu]afkt ul
ggL sfuh Tofukq . @= 56fgfd kfkfrs] . 5f]8fO gf) [5f]8\ ( cfO)] 5f]8\g] jf 5f]8fpg]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 5f]8fOg s) lqm) != 5f]8\g nfOg 5f]8\g] kflg . ;) lqm)
@= 5f]8\g nufOg x6fOg . 5f]8fpg ;) lqm) != kmnkm"n, ds} cflb j:tnfO{ af]qmf, v
f]of, vf]:6f cflbaf6 ;Ss 56\g] lsl;dn] cnUofpg s]nfpg af]qmf lSg . @= hLpdf nufOf
v]sf nufkmf6f vf]Ng gf\uf] xg . #= s;}nfO{ sg} aGwgaf6 dQm kfg{ 56fpg . $= s
;};Fu la5f]8 ufpg ljof]u kfg{ . 5f]k\g ;) lqm) [;+) lIfk\ g] != sg} j:tnfO{ csf]{
s]xL j:tn] 9fSg . @= nsfpg s;}nfO{ b]Vg glbg bafpg uf]Ko fVg yfxf xg glbg .
#= s;}dfly jf s]xL j:tdfly hfOnfUg D6g cfqmd0f ug{ df}sf kfg{ . $= afa] ug{ 3]
arfp ug{ . %= f]uJofwn] cfqmd0f ug{ . ^= d"R5f{ kg{ e"tk|]t cflbn] e]6\g . 5f]
k! gf) [;+) ;"k] != km;L{sf laofF, ltn cflbsf] aa] w"nf] jf s]xL n]bf] kf]sf] crf r
gL . @= crf agfpFbf ld;fOg] ltn cflbsf] asjf w"nf] . 5f]k@ gf) [5f]k\ c] gb]lvg] jf
9flsg] 7fpF, sfo{ cflb (s]jn ;d:t zAbsf] cGTodf jf cflbdf dfq k|of]u xg], h:t}
5f]k5fk, 9fs5f]k O)) . 5fk gf) 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] sfd 9fs5f]k . 9fs gf) 9fs5f]k . > 5f
]kfO

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5f] ] f]5f6 5f] ] f] gf) [5f]f] Pf]] x]) 5f]/]6f] . 5f]f] gf) [k|f) 5f]o] != zf
f OlGb|o ePsf] ;Gtfg cfTdh ;t . @= k?if ;Gtfg aRrf] s]6f] . ~ dfG5] gf) k?ifhflt .
5f]kf{ gf) [ef]) a)] 5f]f5f]L hGd]sf s]xL jif{df ulg] tfdfhfltsf] pT;j tfdf;+:s[ltd
fns xls{g nfu]kl5 ulg] Ps ;+:sf . \  ;fkm ug{ efF8fat{g 5f]n \ g! ;) lqm) != sg}
g j:t k5g ;fkm ug{ . @= kf]Vg 9fNg 5ki6 kfg{ . 5f]n \ g@ ;) lqm) [;+) 5Nns g]
!= x:td}yg  ug{ xftsf] 3if{0fn] ln\u pQ]lht kfL jLo{kft ug{ . @= tf5\g af]qmf km
fNg . 5f]nf gf) [f]n cf] != laf}n F f cflb pl;g] tof kflPsf] f]nbf tsfL SjfF6L
5f]n\ ( cfO)] != 5f]Ng] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . @= jLo{kft ug]{ lsl;d, lqmof jf efj
. [ > ] 5f]nfOg s) lqm) != 5f]Ng nufOg . @= jLo{kft ufOg . 5f]nfpg ;) lqm)k|) ]
lqm) != 5f]Ng nfpg 5f]Ng] kfg{ . @= x:td}yg  ug]{ kfg{ jLo{kft ufpg . 5f]lng
s) lqm) != 5f]Ng] sfd ulg x:td}yg ulg . c) lqm) @= 5f]Ng] xf]Og . #= jLo{kft x
g . 5f]n ] gf) [5f]nf P] d6, rgf, cfn cflb ldnfP agfOPsf], afSnf] ; ePsf] tsf{Lsf] P
klsf 5f]nf . 5f];\g ;) lqm) [c) d") 5\jf; g] != csf{sf] af]df ePgePsf sf 5:;5:
 f];kf]n ug{ . @= kf]Vg 5g{ . #= f]:g . > 5f];fO gf) 5f]:g] 9fFrf, lqmof jf efj
. 5f];fOg ;) lqm) 5f]:g nfOg . 5f];fpg ;) lqm) 5f]:g nufpg 5f]:g] sfddf nfpg .
5f];] gf) [5f];\ P] df; e6] hfFtf]df kL7f] lk;L ksfOg] kmfF8f] df;sf] kL7f] ofn] agf
g] ;f]Nnh:tf] ltxg . 5f]xf]f gf) [;+) Ifb\x] yfsnsf] }F af]6 xg] kmn vheGbf 7"n
mNg], Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt jf To;sf] ulnof] kmn (vf; uL ;s]sf] ;s6L rflxF) 5f]s8f .
5f}8 f gf) != afns lzz aRrf] . @= 5f]f] . #= bf;kq . $= nf]swf0ffcg;f af]S;L ljB
;s]sL cfOdfO{n] dflg;nfO{ kLlkfp ug{sf lglDt 33 lrof] ug{ k7fpg] x]tn] tflnd ulPsf]
tyfslyt lafnf] . ~ 5f}8 L gf) != cfly{s :tn] wfGg ufx|f] kg]{ uL hlGdPsf k|z:t s]6fs
]6L lrrLe'F8L b'v lbg] uHof
uHof
;Gtfg 5f]f5f]L . @= af]S;Lsf tyfslyt 5f}F8f 5f}F8L
d"x . > 5f}8L gf) != s]6L l76L . @= 5f]L . #= af]S;Lff tflnd lbOPsf] tyfslyt kf]yL la
f] . 5f}8 L gf) != s]6L l76L . @= 5f]/L . #= af]S;Lf/f tflnd
436

lbOPsf] tyfslyt kf]yL la/fnf] . 5f}8f] gf) x]) 5f}F8f . > 5f}8 fxf lj) != 5f}8 F f]
kfNg] lafnf] kfNg] 5f}F8f k|of]u ug]{ . @= af]S;f] 6'g]d'g] . #= cfdfafa' gePsf] jf
lkfxf . 5f lj) af]) != kmf]xf] j:t' jf 3[l0ft ;Gbe{ b]vfkbf{ dgsf] l;sl;sf] JoQm ulg]
zAb dgdf p7]sf] 3[0ffsf] k|ltlqmof hgfpg] zAb . gf) @= kmf]xf] d}nf (afnaf]nL) . 5f
O5fO gf) [c) d") 5fOF (l))] != ofnL cflb afhf aHbf lg:sg] Wjlg . @= 5fOF zAb lgSn
afnaf]nL). lqm) lj) #= To:tf] Wjlg lgsfn] . 5fs gf) [;+) Ifts] != lakmsf] cfqmd0fn]
cg'xfdf b]lvg] bfu . lj) @= lakmsf bfun] 5fs6f] ePsf] 5fs6] 5fs] sf]ofxf . L, 5
d") 5fs\c (l))] != v's v'kf{ cflbn] sf7kft cflb j:t'nfO{ sf6\g] lsl;d jf To;L sf6\bf
sf] Wjlg 5k5k 6fs6fs . lqm) lj) @= To;L sf6] . > 5fs5fstL5fs5fsL lqm) lj) c 5
]5fs6f] lj) [;+) Ifts[t] lakmsf bfun] cg'xf 5fs6f] b]lvg] 5fs] . 5fsg gf) sf7 sf6
ofpg G8f nufpFbf jf v'ls{b Ff lg:sg] 'sf{s ' L{ rf]O6frf]O6L 6'qmf6fqmL . 5fsf5fs]
cg'xfel lakmsf bfu ePsf] lakmofxf 5fs6] . 5fSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 5fs\s] sf6\g] xl
]l6 l5Gg] uL . 5f
gf) [ef]) a)] cGg pl;g] drf{ ld;fO{ sxfPsf] dBljz]if hfF8 . 5f
5
") 5f
\c(l))] 5n{
u \ b]lvg] l:ylt jf u'0f . > 5f
5f
tL lqm) lj) 5n{
u \ b]lvg] uL .
) 5f
\u] != cGwsf jf afbn, x':;' cflb x6] 5n{
\u ePsf] k|:6 :ki6 ;xh} b]lvg] g5f]lk
fh gePsf] . lqm) lj) #= g5f]lkg] uL . $= nfh} gdfgL . > 5f
\lug' c) lqm) != lbzfljlbz
f 5n{
\
v'Ng' 5
\
f5' x'g' . @= pHofnf] x'g' 5sfn x'g' . #= lgn{Hh x'g'nfh 5f8\g' . $=
g' l5lNng' Otlg' . 5f
\
lj)lqm) lj) [c) d") 5f
\
] x]) 5f
\u . > 5f
\l
g' c) lq
5f6\c] sg} j:t'nfO{ sf6\g jf l5gfpg ulg] k|xf r6 Rjf6 . > 5f65f6 gf) != nuftf sf
] sfo{ jf lsl;d . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] k|xf nuftf u] . ~ 5f65f6tL5f65f6L lqm) lj) 5
) lj) Ps} kN6 r

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65
437

5fg5f:; JolQmsL kTgLnfO{ ;Ddfg hgfpg k|of]u ulg] zAb sfG5L cfdf ;fgLdf . @= cfdf;dfgs
k|f}9 :qLnfO{ k|of]u ulg] cfb;"rs ;Daf]wg . 5fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 5fd\d] != wfjfnf
'sf] Ps} k|xfn] l5gflng] uL . @= Ps} k6s kfgLdf rf]lkg] jf Jofks kdf kfgL 5]lkg] uL
. 5fAof gf)lqm) lj) x]) 5f{Aof{ . 5f{ lqm) lj) [;+) If (l))] != sg} w"nf]dn "
' 5lg] uL 5{ . gf) @= To;L 5lFbfsf] Wjlg jf lqmofk|lqmof . 5' { gf) != hyfefaL 5l
lg j:t'sf] ;d'bfo (bfgf, u]8f, w"nf] O)) . @= hyfefaL ug]{ lqmofk|lqmof . lqm) l
j) #= hyfefaL oqtq s]xL sf] 5lg] u] . Aof{ gf) != sg} j:t'sf] vfOdf x'g] c:tJo:t
kf]lvPsf] jf 5lPsf] l:ylt . lqm) lj) @= fVbf c:tJo:t x'g] uL jf hyfefaL 5lg] uL . 5f
5fn gf) [c) d") 5fn\c(l))] lunf] jf n]bf] j:t' hyfefaL;Fu kf]lvg], 5lg] jf flvg] uL
5fntL5fn5fnL lqm) lj) c l56f] 5fn5fn eP . 5fnAofn gf)lqm) lj) [c) d") 5fn\c(l
5fnL gf) [g]jf) 5ln] sfdLxn] tftf] kmnfd ;dfpg] ;fwg . 5fNn lqm) lj) [c) d") 5fn\n]
} kf]vfOdf k"} lkmFlhg] uL . AofNn lqm) lj) != nuftf jf Jofks kdf 5fNn x'g] uL . @
ks c:tJo:ttf, cJoj:yf jf l5nf] eP . 5f;5'; gf) [5f;\c (l))] != ofFlsxfNg gldNg] yf]
Lr r'as ' f]{ rf;r'; . @= c:ki6 kdf rn]sf] xf]xNnf ufdu'd . 5f;5f; gf) [c) d") 5f;\
] sg} sfsf] k|z:t dfqf jf ;
\Vof . lqm) lj) @= la:tf} lgkmGg], 6s6Sofpg] jf 3f]Rg] uL
5f5f;tL5f;5f;L lqm) lj) != k|z:t dfqfdf jf ;
\Vofdf 5f;5f; 5]nf]vn ] f] . lj) @=
{ Gbf 5f;ld; gf) [c) d") 5f;\ld;\] != b'O{ jf b'Oe a9L vfnsf j:t'xsf] ;f]aL ld;f]6
;lsg] uL ePsf] ldnfj6 . @= ld>0f ldnfj6ld;f]6 . lqm) lj) #= ldl>t eP 5'fpg g;lsg] u
] . > 5f;ld;] lj) ;f]aL eP ldl;Psf] ufn]dfn] ufh]dfh] . 5f:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 5f
3f]rfOdf lag] uL Rof:; . @= Ps} k|of;df ufn]dfn] eO{ ldl;g] uL . #= Ps} k6sdf OlR5t
7fpFdf x'g] uL . $= Ps}

l5gfpg] uL rn{Kk . 5fg gf) [;+) If0f] != ;do kll:yltnfO{ a'g] ljrf . @= plrtcg'lrt
g0f{o lng ;Sg] ljj]s . #= fd|f]gfd|f] 5'fpg ulg] ljj]s . ~ ljrf gf) c;nsd;n jf plrtc
rt 5'fpg ;Sg] a'l4 ljj]sljrf 5fg . 5fGgAofGg gf) [;+) l5GgleGg] != sg} a:t'efp, rL
lb hyfefaL cJojl:yt lx;fan] 5lPsf] cj:yf . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] cj:yfdf k'Ug] jf k'o
fpg] uL . 5fkg ;) lqm) [;+) If]k0f] != kfgL, d;L, cflb tn kbfy{ jf lxnf] cflb st}
pg] jf s;}nfO{ nufpg] p2]Zon] ofFSg xfGg 5ls{g . @= nfl~5t kfg{ cfIf]k nufpg bf]
:g . 5fk gf) [;+) If]k] sg} jf bfu nfUg] j:tsf] 5kfO . (pbf) Ps} 5fkdf fdn] Zof
fO{hfq] tNofP5) . > 5fk5fk gf) != nuftf sfuh, sk8f cflbdf 5fk jf bfu nfpg] sfo{ nuft
fsf] 5fk . lqm) lj) @= nuftf To:tf] 5fk jf bfu nfpg] uL . > 5fk5fktL 5fk5fkL lqm)
uftf lxnf] jf tn j:t k|z:t 5flkg] lsl;dn] 5fk5fk . lj) @= 5fk5fktL k|z:t . 5fkf5f
k\ cf 5fk\] != k:kdf lxnf]kmf]xf] cflb 5flkg] sfd 5fkf5fk ug]{ sfd . @= k:k cfIf]
fpg] sfd . 5flkg s) lqm) [5fk\ O g] kGofnf] jf lxnf] kbfy{sf] 5]kfOdf kflg kGofnf]
y{n] xflgg . 5fkL gf) [ef]) a)] Pp6f af]6df k|foM Pp6} kf]6L kmNg] Ps hftsf] n;g
To;} n;gsf] sGb ;fu . 5fKk gf) [c) d") 5fk\ k] != yf]} kfgL jf lxnf] cflb kbfy{ 5fl
f cfpg] cfjfh lxF8\bf cfpg] cfjfh . @= wfjfnf xltofn] s]xL sf6\bf cfpg] Wjlg . lqm)
lj) #= To;L 5fk], 5fk] jf sf6] . ~ 5fKk gf) != nuftfsf] 5fk . lqm) lj) @= nuftf
] . 5faf]s ] lj) af]) [5f af]sf] P] af]sf] vf]h]sf] afv|fdf nfu]sf af]sfnfO{ pQ]lht agf
g elgg] zAb n]n]n]n] nu]nu] . 5fd5fd gf) [c) d") 5fd\ c(l))] != wfjfnf j:tn] nuftf
f, kfgLdf s]xL r]K6f] cfsfsf] kbfy{ klxFbf jf ljz]if k|sfsf] 5]kfO rfn" xFbf pTkGg x
g] zAb . @= To:tf] nuftfsf] 5KsfO, rf]knfO jf 5]kfO . lqm) lj) #= To;L 5lKsx], rf]lkx
] jf 5flkx] . > 5fd5fdtL5fd5fdL lqm) lj) c} 5fd5fd xg] uL . 5fdf gf) != cf
jf sfsf eGgkg]{

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Chha.p65

5g5\j]vfgL jrgdf ddf{xt kfg]{ uL . 5g ;) lqm) [l5Fs g] l5pF ug{ xflR5pF ug
[;+) l5Ssf] x]) l5pF . 5's ] lj) l5pF ug]{ jf l5pF ufpg] . ~ emf gf) gfsleq xfNbf
flR5pF cfpg] f l5pFs] f . 5\jfs] lj) [g]jf) 5\jf] bfFtsf nx gldn] pl5lPsf] jf vl
g] pQbfFt] bGt' . 5\jfOjfO gf) [g]jf) 5\jfojfo] != l5gfkmfgf . @= gdud ;fkf]gf
lsPsf] xlx;fa . 5\jf
5\jf
lqm)lj) [c) d") 5\jf
\c (l))] kfgL w]} dfqfdf aUbf jf bf{
eP . > 5\jf
5\jf
tL5\jf
5\jf
L lqm) lj) c 5\jf
5\jf
eP . 5\jf
\u lqm) lj) [c) d") 5
bL cflbff Ps} k|jfxdf cfjfh lgsfNb} au] jf ] . @= To;L aUbf jf bf{ a]lunf] eP . 5\
j) [c) d") 5\jf
\
] != l8n jf eLkxfaf6 kfgL, klxf] cflb v:bf cfjfh lg:s] . lqm) lj) @=
:tf] lsl;dn] sg} j:t' v;] . 5\jf
\f
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jf
f
\
] != cToGt j]u;fy t
)) . @= wft'af6 tof ePsf] efL j:t' prfOaf6 7"nf] cfjfh uL g]{ lsl;dn] . 5\jf lqm) lj)
[c) d") 5\jf6\6] != Ps} 8\sfdf r'8 F fNg] uL . @= Ps} egfOdf k|efljt ug]{ uL . #= l7
Ss c8\sn] r r6Ss . 5\jfQ lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jft\t] kfgLdf sg} l7Ss cfsfsf] j:t' PSs
'a]}F uL kfgL cflb cljfd ultn] g]{ jf kf]lvg] lsl;dn] . 5\jfTnf
lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\j
f
\c] kf]vL, cfwf ufu|fs ] f] kfgL cflb hyfefaL rNbf Wjlg lg:s] . 5\jfTnf
lqm) lj) n
5\jfTnf
x'g] uL . > 5\jfTnf
\
lqm) lj) PSsfl; 5rlNsP . 5\jfKNof
gf) [c) d") 5\jfKNof
L cflb tn kbfy{df s]xL rf]leFbf jf 8'Abf cfjfh pTkGg x'g] uL 5\jfTNof
. 5\jfKNof
lq
j) To:tf] lsl;dn] v]n] jf rf]a ] . > 5\jfKnf
\
lqm) lj) PSsfl; 8'Ag] jf rf]lkg] uL . 5
jfDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jfd\d] != Ps} k|xfdf sfl6g] uL . @= Ps} rf]l6 rf]Ag] uL . #=
PSsfl; 5f]Kg] uL . $= PSsfl; kfgLdf 8'Ag] uL jfDd . 5\jfDNof
\u5\jfDNof
\
lqm) lj) [
5\jfDNof
\u
] != bx k]sf kfgLdf xfd kmfNbf kfgLdf cf3ft kg]{ uL . @= kfgL rnanfP cfjfh
pg] uL .
438

5\jfoafnL gf) [g]jf) 5\jfoafnL] u'7Lsf] hUufdf nfUg] ltf] s; . 5\jf5\jf gf) [c) d")
(l))] != s]xL cUnf]af6 w"nf] jf 6'qmf] kbfy{ nuftf bf{ cfpg] Wjlg . lqm) lj) To:tf]
Wjlgsf ;fydf jf rfn;Fu . > 5\jf5\jftL 5\jf5\jfL lqm) lj) 5\jf5\jf . 5\jf{ gf) [c
f\] sg} klg dl;gf j:t' jf w"nf]d"nf] kf]lvFbf cfpg] cfjfh . 5\jfnf{
5\jfnf{
lqm)lj)
d") 5\jfnf{
\c (l))] sg} wft', sf7 jf s6 cflbsf] efF8fdf fv]sf 6'qmfbf jf uf]n j:t'x
fpFbf cyjf km'6s ] f l;;fsf 'sf{ rnfpFbf cfpg] ;fd"lxs Wjlg jf rfnsf ;fydf . 5\jf
nf{
\u5\jfnf{
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jfnf{
\u
] l;;fsf 'sf{, s7f] 6'qmfbf kbfy{ cflbn
fd"lxs cfjfh cfpg] uL . 5\jfnf{Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jfnf{d\d] x]) 5\jfnf{
\
. 5\jfn5\
jfn gf) [c) d") 5\jfn\c(l))] != tn kbfy{ kf]Vbf, lk;fa ubf{ jf o:t} ;dfg sfo{ jf 36g
f x'b F f pTkGg x'g] Wjlg . @= To:tf] Wjlg pTkGg ug]{ rfn jf ult . lqm) lj) #= T
o:tf] Wjlg jf rfnsf ;fydf . > 5\jfn5\jfntL5\jfn5\jfnL lqm) lj) 5\jfn5\jfn . 5\jfnf
nfnf lqm) lj) nuftf To:tf] rfn jf Wjlgsf ;fydf . 5\jfnL gf) [g]jf)] hf} jf ux'F sf6
] kmn fl;s]kl5 ar]sf] g?jf gn . v' ] lj) != ux's F f] gnh:t} l;s6] v'f ePsf] n't
F6 gePsf] nf5L . 5\jfNn lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jfn\n] tn kbfy{ Ps} kN6 kf]lvg] uL XjfQ 5
Nn . 5\jfNn lqm) lj) la;fO{la;fO{ tn kbfy{ fg]{ jf g]{ uL . 5\jf;5\jf; gf) [c) d")
f;\ c(l))] != 5'b F } hfg] jf Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ 5'g] sfo{ k6sk6ssf] 5'jfO . @= clncln
jf 5';5'; afF8\g] sfo{ ckof{Kt ljt0f . #= nuftfsf] 3f]rfO Rjf;Rjf; . lqm) lj) $= To
;L 5'g], afF8\g] jf 3f]Rg] uL . > 5\jf;5\jf;tL5\jf;5\jf;L lqm) lj) 5\jf;5\jf; . 5\jf
:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 5\jf;\ ;] != w"nf]d'nf] p8\g] uL . @= s;}nfO{ xNsf kffn] 5'g] rfn
n] . #= s;}nfO{ yf]} dfq s]xL lbg] uL . $= 3fpvl6f cflbdf s]xLn] r':; 5'g] lsl;dn]
. %= csf{sf] sf s;}nfO{ kf]n nfpg] rfn;Fu ;'6S 's. 5\j]vfgL gf) [ef]) a) 5\j] vfgL] nd
sf] sfd ug]{n] bj} kIfaf6 kfl>lds jf alS;;sf kdf vfg] sld;g .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

439
hhuhu

h
h! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] cf7f}F j0f{ tfnJo
rju{sf] t];|f] cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg 8f8 h . h@ g
f) [;+)] sg} gfd jf gfd:yflgs zAbsf kl5lNt nfuL s;}af6 jf s;}df pTkGg eGg] cy{ h
gfpg] k|ToowdL{ pQkb (c08h, b]zh O)) . huf gf) [;+) h
\3fn] x]) hF3f . hufL gf) [km
f xlof]
ePsf] ljiffn' kbfy{ . h3f gf) [;+) h
\3fn] != hfF3;Dd kfgL cfpg] eP klg v'f
gbL tg{ ;lsg] 7fpF . @= gbLsf] kfgL kftnf] eP lkmFhfl/Psf 7fpFaf6 k}bn} kf ulg] sf
d lxF8]} vf]nf tg]{ sfd h
f . sf] nf}f] gf) b'Mvdf sfd lbg] t b'Mv ;lsPkl5 lal;{g]
n ] f] gf) [hfF3Pnf]] ;'?jfn . hRg' c) lqm) [hfFr\g'] != hfFRg] sfd x'g' kfv x'g' .
d|f] 7xlg' fd|f] nfUg' 7Ls nfUg' dg kg'{ . > hrfO gf) hfFRg] jf hFrfpg] efj, lqmof j
|lqmof . hrfOg' s) lqm) hfFRg nfOg' kLIf0f ufOg' . hrfpg' k|]) lqm) hfFRg nfpg' hfF
' kLIf0f ufpg' . hlrg' c) lqm) hfFr xf]Og' 7Ls 7flgg' hfFlrg' . hrj ' f lj) != hfF
fjsf] hfFRg] sfddf nfu]sf] . @= hfFlrPsf] kLIff eO;s]sf] . h8fxf lj) [hfF8ofxf] hfF8
6'Gg eP dfltPsf] w]} hfF8 vfg] cdn ePsf] . hO{ gf) [;+) oj] hf};Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf], ux'
F hf}afLdf kfOg] emf To;}sf u]8fsf] kL7f] . hs8\g ;) lqm) [;+) hIf6 g] != v"a s;]
g a];L s:g jf afFWg . @= hf]8l;t cF7fpg kqmg . #= u|:t kfg{ w8\g (f]u cflbn])
$= rnxn ug{ g;Sg] uL f]Sg jf c8fpg . hs8aGb lj) [hs8\ aGb] aGwgn] sl;Psf] ;d:ofn] h
lnPsf] otfplt xnrn ug{ gkfOg] aGwgdf k]sf] . > hs8aGbL gf) != rnxn ug{ gldNg] uL sl;P
sf] aGwg gkmSg] uL afFlwPsf] aGwg . lj) @= Psbd aGb lansn aGb . hs8fO gf) [ hs8\ ( c
O)] hsl8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hs8fO gf) hs8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. hs8fOg s) lqm) hs8\g nfOg . hs8fpg
(jT:o{), :kz{;\3ifL{, ;3f]if cNkk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{

k|]) lqm) hsl8g] kfg{ hs8\g nufpg . hsl8g c) lqm) kmTsg g;lsg] uL afFlwg hs8fOd
f kg{ . hs8fO gf) hsl8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hs8fOg s) lqm) aGwgdf kflg . hs8f
g ;) lqm) aGwgdf kfg{ hs8\g nufpg . hs8fx6 gf) hsl8g] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . hsfO g
f) [ hfs\ ( cfO)] hfSg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hsfOg s) lqm) hfSg nfOg . hs
fpg k|) ] lqm) hfSg nufpg hfSg] kfg{ . hlSvg c) lqm) [hflSs g] != s8f aGwgdf kg{
h]ndf kg{ hsl8g ylgg . @= c6];d6]; xg] uL vfFlbg sf]lrg . #= hflsg 8lNng .
hSvhSv] lj) [k|f) hSv] df]6f]3f6f] alnof] ;fx|} 7"nf] hvdn] nb"{ . hSVofO gf) [ h
fO)] hSVofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hSVofOg s) lqm) hlSvg] kflg hlSvg nfO
g . hSVofpg k|) ] lqm) != hlSvg] kfg{ hlSvg nfpg . ;) lqm) @= hs8aGbdf fVg s7f]
aGwgdf fVg yGg . hVg ;) lqm) sg} g sg} 9\un] k|xf/ ug{ b08 lbg . hvd gf) [kmf
hVd] 3fp rf]6k6s c\ue\u . hvdn] lj) != x]bf{ alnof] jfFSs k]sf] Hofb} 7"nf] jf
l5lkPsf] . hvdL lj) [hvd O{] != hvd xg] vfnsf] hf]lvd . @= rf]6k6s nfu]sf] cfxt 3fOt
] . hu! gf) != 3, s6]f], kn, rf}tff] cflbsf] hldgdlgsf] uff] nufpg] 7fpF 38]Lsf] km
. @= sfdsf] zefDe yfngL . hu@ gf) [c\) Hofs] != df]6, sf cflbnfO{ dd{t ugk { bf{ rS
fsf] ;f eOd F f 6]sfP la:tf} 3dfO{ uf8LnfO{ prfNg] yfldfVg] oGq . @= nf]6fh:tf] Ps
flt ;dfpg] laF8 jf plemG8f] ePsf], kfgL pefpg] efF8f] ljz]if k|sfsf] ;fxL . huRrIf
gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ . @= ;+;fsf] cfFvf] . huhu lqm) lj) [c) d") hu (l))] != q:t eP cfkl
Qsf] cfz\sfsf ;fy . gf) @= qf; 8 wsrs . lj) #= 8fPsf] q:t ePsf] . > huhuL gf) != e
ft\ssf] l:ylt rf], 8fsf, f]uJofw cflbn] q:t kf]sf] cj:yf . @= fd|f] pGglt rsrsL hNb
f] cj:yf .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

huHhggLhuN6f] huhu] lj) dgn] cfF6 ] sg} sfd klg ug{ g;Sg] h:tf];s  } sfdsfdf klg z
sf lng] dgdf bljwf ePsf] bf]wf] . huHhggL gf) [;+)] != ;Dk"0f{ hut\sL cflbdftf hubDa
f . @= buf{ dxfdfof . huHhoL lj) [;+) hut\ hoL] ljZjljho ug]{ ;+;f ljho u]sf] . huHHo
]ltd{Nn gf) [;+)] la:s]6 hfqfsf] kDkf rnfpg], ljBfk|]dL, dWosfnLg Oltxf;df rlr{t eQ
mksf dNn fhf . hu6] lj) [hu6f P] != hu6f ePsf] ofDn] huN6] . @= skfn nf k]sf] n]
f] gf) [;+) hu cf]] skfnsf] uhdHh k] ag]sf] Ps} nf] h6fsf] uhN6f] huN6f] . > hu6
hu6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hu6fOg s) lqm) huN6fOg . hu6fpg k|]) lqm) hu6f] ;d
t] tfGg jf ntfg{ huN6fpg . hu8\jfn lj) [hfu\ 8\jfn] != w]} 7"nf] 8fnsf] cf}wL 7"nf
dn] . :qL) hu8\jflngL . gf) @= rf}lt km}lnPsf] xNnf Jofks xNnfvNnf ;a}lt rn]sf] xf]xN
nf . #= ljhoofqf lblUjho . hu0f gf) [;+)] ;? cGTodf n3 aLrdf u? j0f{ xg] Ps u0
f (. .) 5Gbzf:qsf cf7 u0fdWo] Ps u0f . hut\ gf) [;+)] != ultzLn ;+;f ljZj a|Xdf08 .
= nf]s blgofF . #= sg} klg hflt jf k|f0fLsf] sfo{If]q jf ;dli6af]ws zAb (k|f0fL
hut\ ;f}hut\ gfLhut\ O)) . hutL gf) [;+)] != k[YjL wtL . @= dfgjhut\ blgofF ;+;f
o]s r0fdf afx| cIf xg] Ps j}lbs 5Gb . ~ tn gf) k[YjLtn k[YjLnf]s ;+;f . huTstf{ gf)
+)] != a|Xdf . @= kd]Zj . hut\lktf gf) [;+)] kd]Zj kdfTdf . hut\kl | ;4 lj) [;+)] ;
;a} efudf gfd rn]sf] ljZjljVoft ljZjk|l;4 . hut\k|f0f gf) [;+)] jfo atf; . hut\;fIf
L gf) [;+)] != ;+;fsf ;a} ultljlw 36gfsf] k|ToIfbzL{ kdfTdf O{Zj . @= ;"o{ . hubGts
[;+)] != ;Dk"0f{ hut\sf] cGTo ufpg] . @= sfn odfh . hubDafhublDasf gf) [;+)] != huHh
ggL buf{ dxfdfof . hubLzhubLZj gf) [;+)] != hut\sf] ;|i6f, b|i6f ;+Ifstj O{Zj
Zjsf] dflns huTklt . hub\u?  gf) [;+) hut\ u?] != kd]Zj . @= dxfb]j lzj . #= gfb .
;a}n] u?;dfg k"Ho dfg]sf JolQm jf sg} wfld{s ;Dk|bfosf k|jt{s . %= z\sfrfo{ jf
pgsf
440

u2Lsf pQflwsfL dxGtsf] pkflw . hub\jGB lj) [;+) hut\ jGB] ;a}n] gd:sf ugk { g]{ hut\s
k"hgLo jf cfb0fLo . hub\JofkL gf) [;+) hut\ JofkL] != O{Zj kdfTdf . lj) @= ljZjsf ;a}
7fpFdf JofKt eP x]sf] . huGgfy gf) [;+)] != ljZjsf xtf{stf{ kd]Zj . @= eftsf] pl8;f
Gtsf], ;db|t6df kg]{ kL eGg] 7fpFdf k|ltli7t lji0fsf] dlGb rf wfddWo]sf] Ps wfd .
hulGgoGtf gf) [;+)] ;+;fnfO{ cb[Zo kdf lgoGq0f ug]{ b}jL zlQm O{Zj kdfTdf . hulGgjf
) [;+) hut\ lgjf;] rcr hut\sf] cfwf jf cf>o O{Zj . huGdo gf) [;+)] hut\k wf0f u]sf
ji0f kd]Zj . huGdftf gf) [;+) hut\ dftf] != hut\sL cfdf:jk buf{ eujtL . @= ;:jtLsf
gfddWo] kfFrf}F . huGdf]lxgL lj) [;+) hut\ df]lxgL] != ;+;fnfO{ df]lxt agfpg] zlQm
ePsL dfof:jksL . gf) @= dxfdfof buf{ . hudu gf) [c) d") hu (l))] != k|z:t pHofnf] em
dnfx6 emndn . lqm) lj) @= pHofnf] xg] jf emnSs rDsg] uL . #= ljleGg \uf]ugsf cfe"if0
f jf wft cflb hudufpg] eP . > hudufO gf) hudu ug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof rdrdfO .
hudufOg c) lqm) hudu eOg rdrdfOg . hudufpg c) lqm) hudu xg rdrd xg rlDsg eml
sg . hudufx6 gf) hudu . hu gf) [;+)] != 3f]8f, l;+x, aFb]n, ;Fu, v;L cflbsf l3r|f
df xg] nfdf v;|f eTnf ofn s]; hu6f . @= gljnsf h:t} kft xg] Ps j[If . #= sjr . $=
hut\ . > hu;]7 { lj) != 7"nf] ;]7 jf dxfhg hut\;7 ] k|z:t wgf9 . @= 7"nf] ;dfh jf
;d"xsf] gfOs] 7fn . #= ;a}nfO{ x]Kg] hG8f] . huN6f gf) [huN6f]sf] lt) )] x]) huN6f
] . huN6] lj) [huN6f] P] huN6f lkmFlhPsf] huN6f xg] h6] hu6] hNk] . huN6f] gf) [;+)
]] != sf]Laf6L s]xL guL kfNgfn] lvP nlPsf] skfn emfFqmf] . @= of]uLtk:jLxsf] skfn h
#= kfn, v, aflaof], ;gkf6 cflb t[0fbf 3fF;sf] hyfefaL kflPsf] uhN6f] . $= ;fukft,
uGb|s cflb emqf xg] j:tsf] uhdlhPsf] nf hu6f . > huN6fO gf) huN6fpg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . huN6fOg s) lqm) huN6f ;dft] tflgg uhN6f] kflg . huN6fpg ;) lqm)
N6fdf ;dft] eTNofpg skfn ;dft]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

441

hufOh\un ePsf] JolQm hldgbf . ~ ljsf; s gf) sg} hUufdf ljz]if sfo{qmdff ToxL 7fpFn
fe kofpg] p2]Zon] nufOPsf] dfnkf]tsf] s]xL k|ltzt yk s yk dfnkf]t . hUu] gf) [;+) o
1] != j|taGw, ljjfx, kf0f jf sg} o1ofuflbsf nflu tof ulPsf] j]bL o1d08k . @= wfld{
s pT;jdf ulg] xjg, k"hf cflb . hUgf gf) [;+) 5fu gf] ;b" pQ lxdfnltsf a]kfLn] dfn;fd
cf];fk;f ubf{ jfxgsf kdf k|of]u ug]{ Rof\u|f] jf e]8f] . h3g gf) [;+)] sDdb]lv dlg
|fb]lv dfly kg]{ rfSnf] c\u rfs lkmnf kf lgtDa . ~ s"k gf) lt3|fsf bfofFlt afofF
] vf]lkN6f . ~ rknf gf) != sfds :qL j]Zof . @= 5Gbzf:qsf lgodcg;f cfof{5Gbsf] Ps
e]b . > h3gfl:y gf) kx ] f8 6Os F x ] f8 . h3g] lj) sfd gnfUg] 2L lgsDdf lasDdf .
lj) != ;fx|} lgs[i6 Ifb| gLr . @= lgGbgLo ;a}eGbf ghftL 2L . h3fgL gf) [hfuf OgL] 6]
jf tVtf38L cflbdf hl8Psf], cfk"mn] rfx]sf] a]nfdf ;r]t ufpg 306L lbg xg] uL ldnf
Og] oflGqs ;fwg . h gf) [kmf) h\u] sg} dg gkbf]{ sfdsfaf6 dgdf p7\g] cfj]uk"0f{ k|
ltlqmof l; qmf]w emf]s . h\s;g gf) [c\) h\szg] ]ndfu{sf bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L nfOgx
] :6];g ]nsf] la;f}gL . h\sh\sf] gf) [g]jf) h\sf]] g]jf;+:s[ltdf && jif{ & dlxgf p
ePkl5 ulg] hoGtL ;x;|rGb|bz{g gfdsf] o;} jif{ ulg] pBfkg j[4fj:yfdf ulg] kf:gL . h\u
) [kmf)] k:ksf] ;\3if{ o4 n8fOF . ~ axfb gf) g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df f0ffxsf] zf;g k|f
lj) ;+) !()# b]lv !(## ;Ddsf] cjlwsf k|yd f0ff k|wfgdGqL . h\ud lj) [;+)] != :yfj j
f cr j:tsf] ljkLt :jefj ePsf] lxF88n ug]{ ultzLn r . @= Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;fg
jf nUg ;lsg] . gf) #= rnfodfg j:t . $= jL/ z}j dtsf ln\ufot a|fXd0f g]kfndf a;f]
jf; ug]{ cg]s y/L a|fXd0fxdf Ps y/L a|fXd0fxsf] y/ . ~ s6L gf) != kk?ifsf] dv gx]
g]{ j|t lnPsL gfLn] cyjf fgLdxffgLn] sxLF hfgkbf{ cb[Zo xg agfOPsf] kbf{jfn Dofgf kf
NsL . @= aflxaf6 b]Vg gkfpg] lx;fan] agfOPsf] sk8fsf] s6L . ~ uNd gf) k}bn lxF8\
g] ;]gf :yn;]gf . ~ ljif gf) ;k{, laR5L, ss cflbn] 6f]Stf nfUg] ljif 6f]Sgf;fy zLel
lg] ljif . h\un gf) [;+)] != dfG5]xsf] a:tL jf cfafbL gePsf], vla?jfsf] 3fL ePsf] 7fp
kftfn emf8L c0o jg . @= phf8 hldg d?e"ld aGh . #= PsfGt :yfg lgh{g

n5fk5f kfg{ . hufO gf) [ hfu\ ( cfO)] hfUg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hufOg s) l
m) hufpg nfOg hufOdf kflg . hufpg ;) lqm) != lapFemfpg lgb|f eufpg . @= sg} kll
:ylt jf cj:yfk|lt ;r]t ufpg hfu?s agfpg . #= lapFtfpg xf];df Nofpg . $= wfdLemf
FqmLff tGqdGqsf ann] e"t, k|]t, d;fg cflb k|ToIf jf ;lqmo ufpg . %= hf];df Nofpg
. huft gf) [c) hsft] != sg} j:t lgsf;Lk}7fL ubf{ ltgk { g]{ dx;n s b:t . @= u7]d
nsf lbg e"tk|t ] sf] afwf zfGt kfg{sf lglDt 7fpF7fpFdf 8f]L, tuff cflbn] af6f] 5]s
] cfjthfjt ug]{x;Fu dflug] k};f jf rGbf . #= dx;n lng] rf}sL jf uf}F8f] . ~ eG;f gf
) ahfdf laqmL ug{sf lglDt nlug] a:tefp, v;Lafv|f jf cGo ;fdfgsf] s ahfs . > huft] lj
!= huftdf a;] s p7fpg] (cf jf JolQm) . @= huft lng a:g] (7fpF) . hu]8fhu]f lj) [c) h
L] != vr{ geO{ jf vr{ar{ u] afFsL x]sf] sfd rnfP ple|Psf] xnkxn ar]vr]sf] . gf) @
r{ ug{sf nflu arfOPsf] sd jf cGo sg} j:t . #= eOkL cfpg] sfdsf nflu flvPsf] ;l~rt
wgdfn jf j:t . $= ;~ro art arfp hf]uf8 . ~ sf]if gf) != eOkL cfpFbf vr{ ugk { g]{
egL hf]ufOg] sf]if ;l~rt wg . @= ;l~rt ;sfL wg . ~ sd{rfL gf) hfludf lgolQm kfPsf t
sfd tf]lsg;lsPsf sd{rfL cf gtf]lspGh]nsf nflu xflh dfq eP tna vfg] sd{rfL . hu]gf{hu
 gf) [ hu]f] != hf]ufP jf arfP fVg] sfd ;l~rt ug]{ sfd . @= ;Iff lxkmfht ?FufO .
x ]vb]v :ofxf;Def . $= uf]8d]n dnhn . hUuf gf) [kmf) hfoufx] != sdfO nufpg] ulPsf]
]tLafL v]tLkftL . @= vfnL 7fpF :yfg . #= hldg eO{F . ~ s gf) hUuf pkef]u u]afkt hUu
nfn] ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{ sd gub jf lhG;L kf]t hUufsf] b:t ltf] . ~ hldg gf) != v]tL
{ of]Uo df6f] v]tafL v]tLkftL . @= hUufsf] ;d"x . ~ bkf]6 gf) xFbfxFb}sf] hUufhldg
nsfO{l5kfO{ ef]urng u]afkt nfUg] cleof]u hUuf bafPsf] d2f . ~ wgL gf) != hldgsf]
xsbf hUufsf] dflns . @= k|z:t hldg ePsf] hldgbf . ~ gfkhfr gf) gfkL cfn] hldgsf] gf
Fr ug]{ sfd hUufgfkL . ~ khgL gf) != hUufwgLn] cfgf] hUuf sdfpg] df]xL km]g{] rng hU
ufsf] kkhgL . @= df]xLsf] a]bvnL . jfnf gf) != sfg'gL k|df0fn] hldgsf] clwsfL x'g k
'us ] f] JolQm hldgsf] d'Vo xsbf hUufwgL . @= k|z:t hUuf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

h
\unLh8\g :yn ;g;fg 7fpF . $= cfnf] df; df+; . h\unL lj) [h\un O{] != h\undf eP
a:g] ag}of . @= c;fWo ;f]dt gePsf] sf]sf{nL . ~ v gf) jgdf xg] l;?, ;lnDdf] cflb t[0
f jf km; . h\ufn gf) [;+)] afFw . hl\ug c) lqm) [h\u O g] l;n] emf]lsg r" xg
 RofFl7g . h\uL lj) [c)] != ;]gfsf] klxg, :jefj jf 9fFrf b]vfpg] . @= n8fOF;DaGwL k
mf}h jf ;]gf;DaGwL kN6lgofF . #= l;fxf :jefjsf] emf]sL . $= a8]dfsf] 7"nf] . ~ c8\8f
gf) ;}lgs k|zf;g rnfpg] cf ;]gfsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ jf ;fkm] cflbsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] sfof
{no . ~ sfgg gf) ;fdfGo k|zf;lgs txaf6 zflGt;Iff xg g;s]df ;]gfff zflGt;Joj:yf s
fod ug{ k|of]udf NofOg] sfgg kmf}hL sfgg ;}lgs zf;g (df;{n n) . ~ sfafO{ gf) ;]gfff
k|of]udf NofOg] sfggL sfafO{ kmf}hL sfafO{ ;}lgs sfafO{ . ~ sf]tjfnL gf) f0ffxsf z
ndf ;]gf;DaGwL k|zf;g x]g]{ cf . ~ k]6k]7 gf) != ;]gfxaf6 o4sf lglDt ulg] cEof; ;}
zIff kmf}hL tflnd . @= kmf}hL Jofofdsf] k|bz{g . ~ kxf gf) f0ffzf;gsfndf xgdfg9f]sf
sf] sf]tdf x]sf] ;}lgs cf ;do cj:yfsf] ;\s]t ug{ tf]k launsf] cfjfh lbg] To:tf] ;}
gs sfof{no . ~ kf];fs gf) kmf}hL hjfgxn] nufpg] abL{ ;]gfsf] klxg . ~ aGbf]a:t c8\8f
gf) ;]gf;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg] cf o4;DaGwL jf Iff;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg] cf . ~ a]8f gf
) ;]gf uf]nfaf?boQm n8fs kfgLhxfh ;}lgs hxfh o4kf]t . ~ nf7 gf) f0ffzf;gdf h\uLtk
{sf ;a}eGbf k|dv JolQm jf ;]gfklt klZrdtkm{sf sdflG8 hgn >L # eGbf bO{ >]0fL dlgs
f] p) s) h) eGbf tLg >]0fLdflysf] f]njfnf . ~ ;]n gf) d7Lelsf] df]6f] 7"nf] ;]n .
~ xf] { gf) sfnf] sf], ;;fgf] kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] xf]{ To;}sf] kmn . > h\u ] lj) h
sf] l;fxf emf]sL . h\UofO gf) [ h\lu ( ofO)] h\lug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] h
) lqm) h\lug] kflg h\lug nfOg . h\Uofpg k|]) lqm) l;fpg jf h\lug nfpg l;fpg]
Uofxf lj) x]) h\u] . h\3f gf) [;+)] != 3F8feGbf dfly kfeGbf dlgsf] efu lt3|f hf
s}FrLsf] sf6\g] wf . > h\3fl:y gf) x]) h3gfl:y . hhdfg gf) [;+) ohdfg] sd{sf08sf] l
jwfg hfGg] a|fXd0f jf kf]lxtsf lgb]{zgdf o1, hkbfg, kf7k"hf cflb ug]{ JolQm k"hf,
xjg, bfg, kf7 cflb wfld{s s[To ufpg] pkf;s oi6f ohdfg . > hhdfgL gf) ohdfgnfO{
442

sd{sf08 ufO{ bfgblIf0ff lnP hLljsf ug]{ k];f kf}f]lxTo kf]lxTofOF . hhdfg] lj) != h
gL u] hLjgj[lQ ug]{ k]TofOF uL vfg] . @= hhdfgL ubf{ kfOg] vfnsf] bfg] . hhfon gf)
rLgsfnsf n8fs" ;]gfxn] leg]{ Ps k|sfsf] xltof . hlhof gf) [c) hlho] eftsf] dunsfnLg
zf;gdf dl:nd wd{eGbf cGo wdf{jnDaLxnfO{ nufOPsf] ljz]if s . h6f gf) [;+)] != hf]uL
;GGof;Lxn] kfn]sf] n}nf k]sf] skfn huN6f nf . @= gljnsf] vKkaflx h]lnPsf] ];f jf
:t . #= ljz]if k|sfsf j[Ifxdf df6f]eGbf dfly lg:s]sf hf . h"6 gf) != nfdf] skfndf h
6L afFlwPeGbf dfly pd|]sf] h6f h6f s;]eGbf dflysf] c+z . @= lzjhLsf] h6f . w lj) n}
nf k]sf h6f kfNg] h6f kfn]sf] . wfL lj) != lzdf h6f ePsf] h6fw . @= nlPsf] h6fh:
h6fwfL gljn) . gf) #= lzj . ~ kf]vL gf) hgsk c~rncGtu{t bf]nvf fd]5fk lhNnfsf l;df
f kg]{ k|fs[lts d0fLotfoQm, >fj0fzSn k"l0f{dfsf lbg d]nf nfUg] k|l;4 kf]vL . d;Ld
f+;L gf) nfDrf kft xg], kftsf aLrdf ;]tf w;f{ xg], gLnf sf k"mn af]6sf km]bdf v}f
em;] eTnf xg], lxdfnodf kfOg], ljleGg e]b xg] cf}ifwLsf lglDt pkoQm Ps ;uG
wL a6L . h6fo gf) fdfo0fdf jl0f{t, ;LtfnfO{ 56fpg fj0fl;t o4 ubf{ d]sf] Ps k|l;4
lu4 . h6fjfn lj) [;+)] h6fePsf] h6fwfL . hl6t lj) [;+)] h8fg ulPsf] hl8Psf] . hl6n
[;+)] != kmsfpg jf ;dfwfg ug{ sl7g xg] uL clNemPsf] lhnLufF7L kQf nufpg ufx|f]
kg]{ cToGt sl7g baf]{w bx . @= s7f] qm" . #= h6f ePsf] h6fwfL . tf gf) hl6n x
jf cj:yf . h6L lj) [;+)] != h6fwfL . gf) @= lzj . h6] lj) [h6f P] h6f kfn]sf] jf kfNg
] h6fwfL huN6] . h7 gf) [;+)] != vfBk]o kbfy{ vfBgnLaf6 uP a:g] 7fpF k]6 eF8L . @=
g] 7fpF uef{zo kf7]3 . #= sg} j:tsf] leqL efu ubL . lj) $= pd] 9Ns]sf] a"9f] . %=
l7g s8f . ^= l5lKkPsf] k|f}9 . ~ Hjfnf gf) != ef]s nfUbf k]6df aNg] Hjfnf ef]ssf] 56
k6L . @= pbz"n (f]u) . > h7flUgh7fgn gf) != vfPsf] j:t krfpg] k]6leqsf] tfk kfrgzlQ
@= ef]hg cflb krfpg] kfs:ynLdf ePsf] ; . h8\g ;) lqm) [k|f) h8\ g] != sg} Pp6f j:
tnfO{ pkof]lutf jf ;Gbtfsf lx;fan] csf]{ j:t;Fu hf]8\g

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

443

h8hyfefaL hl8df gf) [;+)] h8 xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf h8tf cr]tgtf . h8L gf) [h8 O{]
!= cf}ifwLsf nflu k|of]u ulg] hf] hLa6L . @= d"n sf0f vf; sf] ufF7L ljifo . a6
cf}ifwLsf sfddf cfpg] jg:kltsf a6f hf hf]a6f] . @= sGbd"n cf]vtLd"nf] . e"t lj)
:tljs cy{df h8 geP klg h8tNo ePsf] lgZrn h8sNk . h8]gL gf) [hf8 OgL] x]) hl8gL . h8]
nf] gf) c\usf h:t} nxf], kft kmn ePsf] Ps hftsf] h\unL c\u bfv . h8f}L lj)gf
fpL . htg gf) [;+) oTg] sg} klg j:t glalu|of];\ egL ulg] lxkmfht hf]uf8 hf]ufp arfp
Tg . nfv lj) sg} klg j:t cfjZos eP;Ddsf] k|z:t dgUo] nfQLsQL . > htlgof lj) s'g}
g j:t'sf] lxkmfht ug]{ htg ug]{ hf]ufpg] . htf lqm) lj) [;+) oq] h'g lbzf tfs] h'g 7f
pFlt hxfF . htfpg' ;) lqm) [ hgfpg'] s'g} s'fsf] ;
\s]t lbg' ;"rgf lbg' yfxf lbg' .
} lqm) lj) [;+) oqtq] ;a} 7fpFdf htf;'s} rf}lt hxfFtxLF ;j{q . htfnfv lj) [;+) oyf
lxPhlQ 5]nf]v]nf] kof{Kt dfqfdf oy]i6 . htf;'s } lqm) lj) [htf;'s] } h'g lbzflt klg
klg ;a}lt htftt} rf}lt . hlt lj) [;+) ofjt\] h'g dfqf jf kldf0fsf] hlt;'s} . ;'
hlt w]} h'g;'s} dfqf, kldf0f jf ;
\Vofsf] . lqm) lj) @= hlt g} eP klg . hlQ lj) [hlt]
hltnfO{ hf]8 lbg] (zAb) . sf] tlQ lqm) lj) klxn]s} afa ;f]aL afaL 36La9L geO{s
)lqm) lj) x]) hlt;'s} . hTyf gf) [;+) o"y] Ps} hflt jf ju{sf j:t' jf hLjhGt'sf] ;d
'bfo x"n aufn ;d"x hdft bn . hqtq lqm) lj) [;+) oqtq] htftt} hxfFsxLF . hqf] lqm) l
+) ofjt\] hlt dfqfsf] h'g kldf0fsf] hlt 7"nf] . hyjf ;+of]) [;+) cyjf] tyjfsf] k"s .
tyjf lj) != h;f]t;f] uL h;Lt;L . @= c;nvfadf ljj]s gk'ofOPsf] hyfefaL . hyfefaL lq
[;+) oyfefjL] != s'g} lgod, ljlw jf dof{bfcg';fsf] cfr0f gu] h:tf] dg nfUof] p:t} . @
= kl0ffdk|lt Wofg glbP h] knf{ ;f]xL 6nf{ eGg]

ax'd"No wft', Tg cflb uxgfu'lofdf hf]8\g' . @= fd|L ;hfpg' ufF:g' pGg' . h8! gf) [h
= s'g} af]6la?jfsf] hf] sGb . @= s'g} ljifoj:t'sf] vf; ufF7L d'Vo tj jf sf0f ;fe"t s
. h8@ lj) [;+)] != r]tgzlQm gePsf] lghL{j . @= r]i6f :kGbglxt . #= lr;f] 7G8f . $= d
"v{ n7]a|f] . %= sqmSs k]sf] s7\f
\lu|Psf] . ~ hut\ gf) != k[YjL, ck, t]h, jfo', cfsfz
L kfFr tjaf6 l;lh{t ;+;f kf~ref}lts kbfy{xsf sf0faf6 l;lh{t j:t' . @= :y"n hut\ ;+;f
tfTj gf) != h8 j:t'sf] ljz]iftf h8 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cr]tgtf . @= d"v{tf c1tf . ~
k|sl [ t gf) h8hut\ . et gf) k'f0fk|l;4 IfdfzLn tyf ;dbzL{ Ps dxfTdf . jfb gf) b]x
f cltlQm cfTdf jf O{ZjLo ;Qf gdfGg] l;4fGt b]x g} ;Dk"0f{ xf], o; cltlQm O{Zjsf] cl:t
Tj 5}g eGg] Ps bz{g . jfbL lj) h8jfbsf] ;dy{g ug]{ h8jfbsf] cg'ofoL gfl:ts . ~ lj1f
g gf) cfTdf, O{Zj cflbnfO{ gdfg] ef}lts kbfy{nfO{ g} ;a} s'f] dfGg] dt jf l;4fGt kbfy
{lj1fg . > h8xg gf) != zLt Ct'df kfSg] cGg lxpFb] afnL . @= lxdfnsf] s5f8df x'g] w
fgsf] Ps hft hf8]df;L{ . h8fO gf) [ h8\ (cfO)] s'g} j:t' csf]{ j:t';u F ;hfpg] jf h8
\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] h8fOg' ;) lqm) h8\g nfOg' . h8fp lj) [h8\cfp] s'g
} 7fpFdf ;lHht kflPsf] h8fg ulPsf] h8]sf] . ~ l6sf] gf) cfOdfO{n] lgwfdf nfpg] sfFrsf
l6sf] tofL cj:yfdf sfut cflbdf h8] flvPsf] l6sf] . > h8fpg' k|) ] lqm) s'g} j:t' csf
]{ j:t';u F ldnfO{ ;hfpg] kfg'{ h8\g nfpg' h8fg ufpg' . h8fpL lj) [hhpL] != cfk"mn
sf{nfO{ as; lbOPsf] pkof]u ul;s]kl5 csf{nfO{ lbOPsf] (n'ufsk8f cflb) . @= cwf{gf] k
'fgf] . gf) #= yf]lqP csf{nfO{ lbg nfos ePsf] j:q cflb . h8fg! gf) [h8\ofg] != s'g}
j:t' ;hfpg] jf h8fg ug]{ sfd ;';lHht ug]{ sfd . @= lah'nL, 6]lnkmf]g cflbsf tf, l:
jr, Knu cflb h8\g] sfd . h8fg@ gf) [hf8cfg] != k|z:t hf8f] x'g] 7fpF 7G8f k|bz ] .
@= hf8hfltx a:g] 7fpF hf8k|bz ] . #= hf8k|bz ] sf afl;Gbf . hl8h8fp lj) [h8\Oh8fp] fd
hl8Psf] k"f hl8Psf] ;lh;hfp zf]efodfg . hl8gL gf) [hf8f]OgL] != ef]l6gL . @= zLtk|b]
df a:g] hf8hfltsL :qL dlxnf hf8 . hl8g' s) lqm) [h8\Og'] h8fg ulg' ;hfOg' .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

hbf}hglgb]{z efjgfl;t . hbf} gf) [;+) hoGt] != klxn]klxn] blnt elgPsf hftsf JolQmxn
] pRr hftsf elgPsf JolQmx?nfO{ ug]{ ulPsf] clejfbg . @= bflxg] xftsf] xTs]nf cfgf]
d'vlt kmsf{O{ xNnfP ulg] clejfbg gd:t] gd:sf 9f]u . hg gf) [;+)] != dfgjhflt dfG5
hxfg kljf . #= b'lgofF hgtf . $= HofnfagL u] hLljsf ug]{ HofdL dhb' >lds . clwsf
fn] kfpg'kg]{ df}lns clwsf . @= ;+ljwfgdf pNn]v ePcg';f ;j{;fwf0f hgtfn] kfpg] clws
f . cfsf
\Iff gf) hg;d'bfon] JoQm ug]{ OR5f hg;d"xsf] rfxgf . cfGbf]ng gf) s'g} p2]
] k|l] t eP jf cfgf df}lns clwsfsf] k|flKtsf nflu hgtfff rnfOg] cfGbf]ng jf cleofg h
flGt . cf:yf gf) ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf dgdf :yfg kfpg ;Sg] ljifo jf s'f hg;d'bfosf] cfGtl
ljZjf; . hgs lj) [;+)] != hGd lbg] hGdfpg] . @= hgfpg] ;"rs (cfZro{hgs, ;Gtf]ifhgs
O)) . gf) #= lktf afa' . $= fdfo0fsfnLg ldlynf fHosf g]z ;Ltfsf afa' Ps fhlif{ . ~
fglGbgL gf) ;Ltf . k' gf) != g]kfnsf rf}w c~rndWo] k"js { f] d]rL c~rnb]lv u0fgf ubf
{ rf}yf]df kg]{ Ps c~rn . @= o;} c~rndf kg]{ wg'iff lhNnfsf] ;b d'sfd . #= ldlynf
k|bz ] sf fhlif{ hgssf] fhwfgL . hg sNof0f gf) [;+)] ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] enfOsf lglDt
ulg] ef}lts tyf af}l4s ljleGg sfo{ hglxt . ~ s]Gb| gf) hgtfsf] :jf:Yo, lzIff cGo l
jljw sNof0fsfL kIfsf sfo{qmd ;~rflnt ulPsf] s]Gb| jf sfof{no . hgslj gf) [;+)] != h
gtfsf af}l4s ef}lts cfsf
\Iff tyf cfjfhnfO{ a'em] sljtf n]Vg] k|ltef hgtfsf dd{ k|of
]u ug]{ slj . @= ;j{;fwf0fn] a'g] ;n efiffdf hglxtsf sljtf Rg] slj To:tf sljsf lglDt
;flxlTos hut\sf] Ps pkflw jf kbjL . ~ s]zL gf) g]kfnsf sljnfO{ k|bfg ulg] Ps kbjL .
hgsfTdhf gf) [;+)] hgstgof ;Ltf, hgssL 5f]L . hgqmflGt gf) [;+)] hgtfn] cfgf xs, lxt
clwsf tyf b]zsf] :jtGqtf, k|ult cflbsf lglDt ;
\ul7t kdf rnfPsf] qmflGt hgcfGbf]ng .
hg u0ftGq gf) [;+)] ls;fg, dhb' cflb >dhLjLju{sf] ;+oQ ' m clwgfosTjdf jf ;j{xffju
{ff rNg] zf;gJoj:yf (rLg, pQ sf]lof cflb b]zdf k|rlnt) . hg u0fgf gf) [;+)] k"} fi6
'g} lglZrt If]qsf hgtfsf] s'n ;
\Vof lgsfNg ulg] uGtL hg;
\Vof . hg 3gTj gf) [;+)] s'g}
lglZrt If]qkmndf kg{ cfpg]
444

cf};t hg;
\Vof (h:t} Ps ju{dfOn afa kg{ cfpg] hg;
\Vof cflb) . hg
\uLhg
\u] lqm) lj) [h
] k|ltJolQmsf] lx;fan], hgxL . hg hfu0f gf) [;+)] b]zsf hgtfx cfgf xs lxtsf lgldQ ;r
]t x'g] sfo{ jf l:ylt cfgf clwsfsf xssf nflu hgtfdf kfOg] hfu[lt . hg hfult{hg hfu[l
t gf) [;+) hghfult{] x]) hghfu0f . hghflt gf) [;+)] != cfg} efiff, wd{, ;+:s[lt, kDkf
Lltljfh ePsf s'g} lglZrt If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ 1fg lj1fgsf lx;fan] s]xL kl5 k/]sf] k
5f}6] hflt . @= l;sf v]nL hLljsf rnfpg] cflbd hfltsf] ;dbfo . #= cflbjf;L . hglh
a|f ] gf) [;+) hglhXj6] != hgtfsf lha|fn] af]Ng ag ;Sg] efiff af]nrfnsf] efiff hgef
iff zf:qLo efiffsf tngfdf sYo:tsf] efiff . @= emf]j { fb;xsf] t To;;Fu s]xL sfdf dt
eGg ;f]xL eflifs l;4fGt . hg hLjg gf) [;+)] != hgtfsf] hLjg . @= ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf]
hLjgrof{ . hg tGq gf) [;+)] hgtfn] cfgf] lxtsf nflu cfg} k|of; tyf rfxgfcgk :yfkgf
u]sf] zf;gtGq u0ftGq k|hftGq nf]stGq . jfb gf) hgtGqsf] ;dy{g ug]{ fhg} l ts l;4fG
jfbL lj) hgtGqjfbsf] hgtGqjfb;DaGwL . hgtf gf) [;+)] sg} b]zdf a:g] dfgjxsf] ;dli
6 dfG5]sf] ;d"x hg;d"x nf]s . ~ hgfb{g gf) != hgtfsf kdf x]sf] O{Zj dfG5]sf] kdf
i6ut zlQm . @= hgtf (;Ddfgfy{df) . hg tflGqs lj) [;+)] hgtGq;Fu ;DalGwt hgtGqcgsn
" sf] hgtGqsf kIfdf ljZjf; fVg] . hg bfloTj gf) [;+)] b]zk|ltsf] st{Jo rsfpg] hgt
fsf] pQbfloTj . hgb] j gf) [;+) ] != dflg;sf kdf x] s f b] j tf hgtfhgfb{g . @= ;Ddf
Go dflg; . #= fhf g]z . hgg gf) [;+)] != sg} klg k|f0fLsf] hGd k}bf k|hgg . @= sg}
lg j:tsf] pTklQ k|s6 cjt0f . #= afa hgs O{Zj . $= sn ;Gtfg . ~ ult gf) != cf};t
t b]zsf hg;\Vofsf] hGdbsf] j[l4 jf x|f;sf] cgkft . @= sg} klg k|f0fwfLsf] hGdsf] bs
f] j[l4 jf x|f; . hggfzf}r gf) [;+)] hGd;DaGwL cfzf}r ;Ts]f] . hglg gf) [;+)] != cf
df dftf hggL . @= hGd k}bf k|hgg . hglgb]z { gf) [;+)] sg} fhgLlts k4ltdf fi6sf]
{r Joj:yflksfsf] ;efdf ljjfb p7\bf pkl:yt ePsf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

445

hggLhg >dbfg ulg] aflnu gfulsxsf] dt . ~ ;\ux | gf) of] jf Tof] sg Joj:yf dg k5{ eg
b]zsf] fhgLlts Joj:yf 5fGgsf nflu cyjf bO{ jf bOe { Gbf a9L ljsNkdWo] sg} Psd
f lg0f{o lbgsf nflu hgtfxn] lgjf{rgdf em}F dt lbg] sfo{ hgdtsf] ;\sng (lkm]G8d) . hgd
yft gf) [hgd yft] hGd]sf] ynf] hGde"ld . hg dfg; gf) [;+)] hgtfxsf] dgf]efjgf hgtfsf]
jrf nf]sefjgf . hgdvL lj) [;+)] hgtfsf kIfdf cledv ;sfL kIfsf] ljkLt hgtfsf lxttk
s]sf] hgtfsf kIfdf pGdv . hglotf gf) [;+)] hGd lbg] JolQm afa lktf . > hgloqL gf) u
e{wf0f u] hGd lbg] :qL cfdf hggL . hgIff gf) [;+)] k|xL, ;]gf jf cGo dfWodff k|zf
af6 ulg] hgtfsf hLpwg jf ;Ddfgsf] Iff . ~ clwlgod gf) hgIffsf] nflu thd { f ulPsf] j
f ulg] P]g . hg ~hg gf) [;+)] hgtfxnfO{ k|;Gg fVg] sfo{ dflg;nfO{ fhLv;L fVg] cd
Vg] sfd . hgn gf) [c\)] != ;]gfsf] pRr clws[t s0f]{neGbf dflyNnf] kb jf To;} kbsf] c
lkm; ;]gfsf] dxfyL . @= ;fdfGo ;fwf0f . d]gh ] Dofg]h gf) ljefu jf ;+:yfgsf] pRr
fk|aGws . ;]qm]6L gf) ljefu jf ;lrjfnosf] k|dv ;lrj dxfdGqL . hgj gf) [;+)] hgtfn]
fk"mnfO{ dsf{ kbf{ jf cfgf] lxtsf] nflu lgod jf Joj:yfdf kljt{g Nofpgkbf{ efif0f,
cvaf cflbsf dfWodaf6 k|s6 ug]{ ljrf hgcfjfh . hgjL gf) [c\)] u|]uf]L k~rf\ucg;f
dlxgfdWo] klxnf] dlxgf ;f]cg;f gjjiff{Desf] dlxgf . hgjfb gf) [;+)] != zf;gdf hgtfs
f] ;jf]R { rtf sfod g]{ ;dfhjfbL fhgLlts l;4fGt . @= dfcf]ff rLgdf ljsl;t Ps Joj:yf
gofF hgjfb . #= hgtGq . $= hgtflGqs bz{g . > hgjfbL lj) hgjfbsf] hgjfb;DaGwL . @=
hgjfbsf] l;4fGtcgk rNg] hgjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] . hgzlQm gf) [;+)] hgtfdf x]sf] an, al4
cflbsf] tfut hgtfsf] Ifdtf hgan hgtfaf6 k|fKt xg ;Sg] >d, ;Lk, an, al4h:tf ljleG
g zlQm . ~ klrfng gf) hgtfxsf] >d, zlQm, ljj]s, al4 cflbnfO{ b]zsf] lgdf{0f tyf l;
h{gfkIfdf nufpg] sfd . hg >dbfg gf) [;+)] != rGbf, ;xof]u cflbsf lgldQ hgtfn] cfg}
>d k|bfg ug]{ sfd hgtfaf6 k|fKt xg] >dsf] bfg . @= b?kof]u xb F f k|frLg emff,
a]7Lem}F xg hfg] ;Defjgf ePsf] t ;bkof]u xFbf Hofb} lxts xg ;Sg] >dbfg .

hgk|ltlglwxn] k|foM uf]Ko dtbfgff lbg] cfgf] lg0f{o . hggL gf) [;+)] != cfdf hGdbfqL
tf . @= bof s[kf . hgg]tf gf) [;+)] hgtfsf xs lxtsf lgldQ n8\g] g]tf hgtfsf kIfsf]
cujf . hgg]lGb|o gf) [;+) hgg OlGb|o] != :qLk?ifsf] ;Gtfg pTkGg ug]{ufpg] OlGb|o .
@= k?ifsf] d"q]lGb|o jf ln . #= :qLsf] of]lg . hgky gf) [;+)] != ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf
] af6f] d"naf6f] ;fj{hlgs af6f] . @= fhdfu{ dVo ;8s fhky . hgkb gf) [;+)] != hg;fwf
] a;f]af; ePsf] 7fpF ufpF . @= b]z fHo dns . #= lhNnf k|fGt . $= sg} b]zsf pkhflt
jf ltgsf] ynf] . ~ wd{ gf) nf]sfrf hg;dfhdf rn]sf] ljlwJojxf cfrfljrf . > hgkbL gf
nfelsf ;a} ultljlwsf] b]v]v ug]{ k|zf;s lhNnfwLz . hg klrfng gf) [;+)] hgtfxsf] >d, a
l4, ljj]s cflbnfO{ b]zsf] l;h{gf lgdf{0fkIfdf nufpg] sfd hgtfsf] sfo{IfdtfnfO{ cf
k"mn] rfx]cg;f lglb{i6 nIosf nflu ulg] pkof]u (df;df]lanfOh];g) . hg k|ltlglw gf) [
;+)] hgtfsf] xs, lxt clwsfsf] ;Iffsf lgldQ hgtfn] 5fg]sf] g]tf hgg]tf . hg k|jfb gf
) [;+)] != lgfwf kdf rn]sf] xNnf p8Gt] va ckmjfx . @= nf]sf]lQm hg>lt . #= cg>lt
bGtL . hg k|zf;g gf) [;+)] != ;fj{hlgs Joj:yfsf] k|zf;g hg;fwf0fsf] k|zf;g . @= hgt
fsf tkm{af6 p7]sf t ;fdfGo k|zf;gff ;dfwfg xg g;Sg] ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfg;DaGwL k|zf;g .
hglk|o lj) [;+)] ;a}n] dg kfPsf] hgtfsf aLrdf ljZjf; k|fKt u]sf] hgtfsf] Koff] nf]s
o . hgan gf) [;+)] ;]gf tyf ;QfkIfsf cltlQm hgtfkIfsf] zlQm hgtfsf] tfut hgzlQm . hg
ejg gf) [;+)] ;fj{hlgs sfo{df k|of]u xg] ejg (klAns xn) . hg efjgf gf) [;+)] hgt
fsf] OR5f hgdfg;df dvlt ePsf] efjgf . hgefiff gf) [;+)] != hg;fwf0fn] b}lgs hLjgdf
k|of]u ug]{ efiff hgtfsf] efiff clwstd dfG5]n] k|of]u ug]{ efiff . @= nf]sefiff sYo
efiff hglha|f] . hgd gf) [;+) hGd] x]) hGd . hgdt gf) [;+)] != of] jf Tof], bO{ j
f bOe { Gbf a9L ljsNk ePdf sg} Psdf lg0f{o lbgsf nflu ulg] dtbfg hgtfsf] fo nf]sdt
. @= ;+j}wflgs ljjfb v8f ePdf ;\u|x

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hg>lthgL hg> l t gf) [ ;+ ) ] != hgtfxsf eGg] ; G g] kDkfd} ar] cfPsf nf]sk|rngs

lQmx nf]sf]lQm kDkfut sxfjt . @= ckmjfx xf]xNnf . #= nf]s>lt ls+jbGtL . hg ;\Vof
)] != b]z jf fi6df ePsf ;a} hgtfsf] u0fgf jf ugf]6 . @= hg;\Vofsf ;fy} fi6sf ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, wfld{s, eflifs cflb tYoxsf] ;d]t ;\u|x ug]{ sfo{ hgu0fgf . hg ;\u|fdhg ;\3if
gf) [;+)] != ;a} txsf hgtf ldnL u]sf] jf ePsf] ;\3if{, o4 jf cfGbf]ng hgcfGbf]ng hg
qmflGt . @= hgtfsf aLrd} bO{ ljf]wL kIfdf ePsf] o4 u[xo4 . hg ;dfh gf) [;+)] !=
dfgj;dfh dgio;dfh . @= hg;fwf0f hgju{ hg;dbfo . hg ;dbfo gf) [;+)] != dflg;xsf] x"
. @= hgtf . #= hgju{ hg;dfh . hg ;Dks{ gf) [;+)] ;sfL k|zf;gn] ;dfhsf ljleGg sf jf
dsf{ yfxf kfpgsf lglDt hgtfl;t fVg] ;DaGw hgtf;Fusf] gftf hgtf;Fusf] ;fdLKo . ~ clw
sfL clws[t gf) hgtf;Fu ljz]if k|sfsf] ;DaGw :yflkt ug]{ lgsfo jf sfof{nodf hg;Dks{sf
] lglDt lgoQm clws[t . hg ;DaGw gf) [;+)] hg;Dks{ . hg ;xeflutf gf) [;+)] b]zdf ;
~rflnt ljsf;sf of]hgfxdf hgtfsf] ;xeflutf ;sf, :yfgLo ;\u7g jf sg} ;+:yfsf] xf]:6]df
hgtfsf] x}F;] . hg ;f\lVosL gf) [;+)] hg;\Vof;DaGwL cfjZos tjxsf] ljj]rg ulPsf] zf:q
g;\Vof;DaGwL zf:q . hg ;fwf0f gf) != ;dfhsf ;fwf0f ;b:ox ;fdfGo hgtf ;fwf0f hgtf .
ly{s, af}l4s cflb b[li6n] b]zsf] ;fnfvfnf tx jf To;eGbf cem tn kg]{ ;dfh ;j{;fwf0f
. hg ;flxTo gf) [;+)] != b]zsf clwstd hgtfsf] cj:yfnfO{ lrq0f ug]{ ltgsf] pTyfgs
f] ;Gb]z lbg] hg;fwf0fsf efiffdf lnlvt ;flxTo hgkIfLo ;flxTo . @= dfS;{jfbL l;4fGt
df cfwflt snf ;flxTosf d"Noxdf cfwflt k|ultzLn ;flxTo . hg ;]js lj) [;+)] hgtfsf] ;]
js hg;]jL . hg ;]jf gf) [;+)] hgtfsf] lxt ugk { 5{ eGg] efjgfn] k|l] t eP ulg] ;]jf
gtfsf] enfOsf lglDt ulg] ;]jf . > hg;]jL lj) hg;]jf ug]{ hg;]js . gf) hg;]jf ug]{ J
olQm . hg:yfg gf) [;+)] jt{dfg ;dodf blIf0f eftdf k5{ egL ljZjf; ulPsf], fdfo0fdf jl
0f{t b08sf0osf] Ps
446

efu . hg :jf:Yo gf) [;+)] != hgtfsf] :jf:Yo . @= hgtfsf] :jf:Yosf] x]rfx ug]{ sfo{
qmd, ljefu jf l;4fGt . hglxt gf) [;+)] hgtfsf enfOsf nflu ulg] sfo{ hgsNof0f nf]ssNo
f0f . hgxL lqm) lj) [;+) hg xL] ePesf dfG5]nfO{ afa kUg] uL k|To]s dfG5]nfO{ k|ltJo
u] hg\uL . hgf gf) [;+) hg] != dfG5]sf] u0fgf ubf{ k|of]u ulg] PsfO . @= dgioaf]ws
k|Too (Ps hgf, bO{ hgf O)) . #= JolQm dflg; (pbf) cfh t w]} hgf cfP5g\) . hgfO gf)
[ hgfp ( cfO)] hgfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hgfOg s) lqm) hgfp lbOg ;"rgf u
lg . hgfp gf) != ;"rgf lbg] sfo{ ;Gb]z lj1lKt . @= ;fwf0f ;"rgf ;a}sf nflu ulg] sfd
]6 lj1lKt . hgfpgL gf) hgfp hgf]6 . hgfpg ;) lqm) [hfg\ cfp g] != sg} sfsf] hgfp
"lrt ug{ . @= 1ft ufpg af]w ufpg . #= ;\s]t ug{ O;ff lbg . $= sfutkqsf a]xf]fdf
z]if af]nL jf nah kfg{ pNn]v ug{ . hgflt gf) 5f]fsf] kgflt gfltsf] gflt cfgf] gflth
t} gfltsf] klg gflt . hgflwk gf) [;+)] != fhf . @= lji0f . #= eujfg\ . hgfgvfgf gf
) [kmf)] cfOdfO{x a:g cgs"n ldn]sf] sf]7f 3df :jf:gLdfG5] xg] v08 gLaf; . hgfgf gf)
mf) hgfg] != :jf:gLdflg; dlxnf cfOdfO{ . lj) @= :qL;DaGwL :qLsf] . #= :qLnfO{ xg]
(hgfgf wf]tL, hgfgf l;6 O)) . hgfgL lj) [hgfgf O{] != hgfgfsf] gfLsf] dlxnf;DaGwL :qLh
ltnfO{ xg] . gf) @= hgfgf . hgflGts gf) [;+)] != cn] g;Gg] uL ulPsf] sf . @= gf6ss
f kfqxdWo] bO{ kfqn] dfq sfgdf ;6Ss eGg] t bz{sn] \ud~rs} klg c gfosgflosfn] g;
jftf{ . hgfb{g gf) [;+)] != eujfg\ hubLZj . @= lji0f . hgfj gf) [kmf) hfgj] != rf}k
of a:tefp hGt . @= kIfL sLfkm6f\u|fafx]s cGo xftvf ePsf k|f0fL (dflg;nufot) kz
) #= d"v{ cljj]sL . hgf>o gf) [;+)] != Ps dfG5]nfO{ csf]{ dfG5]sf] cf8ef]; . @= hgt
fsf] z0f dfG5]nfO{ dfG5]sf] ef];f . #= sNof0fsfL zf;gk|0ffnLsf nflu clgjfo{ u0fxdWo]
Ps . hlgt lj) [;+)] != pTkGg ePsf] k}bf ePsf] hGd]sf] . @= k}bf ufOPsf] pTkGg ufOPsf
] hGdfOPsf] . hgL gf) bof Ifdf s[kf cgu|x .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

447

hgLhfthGd nfuL hGt hfg] JolQm . @= s]xL 7fpFsf tfdfhfltsf] k|rngcg;f s]6L dfUg hfg
] sfd sGofy{ . ~ k5f{Ok5f] { gf) ljjfxdf bnxLsxfF bnfxf cfOkuk ] l5 bnxLkIfsfxn]
bnfxf hGtL;d]tnfO{ k"mn, cIftf, nfjf, cla cflbn] 5ls{g] sfo{ . ~ et]ef]h gf) x]) h
Gt] ef]h . hGt gf) [;+)] != hgfj kz k|f0fL . @= rf}kfof . #= cgf}7f] hLj . lj) $=
d"v{ al4xLg . ~ hut\ gf) k|f0fLhut\ k|f0fLxsf] ;dfh . zfnf gf) lrl8of3 lrl8ofvfgf
t] lj) [hGt P] hGtL jf hGt;DaGwL hGtLsf] hGtsf] . ~ vf8f] gf) lax]sf lbg ;fdfGotM jkI
n] xftdf taf jf v's'L lnP kmnfSg] jL;k|wfg sljQ jf ;f] sljQ kmnfStf xftdf lnOg] taf
7f gf) != clzi6 lsl;dn] ulg] 7f . @= hGtLxn] 3ufpFn];Fu ug]{ 7f . #= dfOnf] xfF;v]
fv|f ] gf) a]xn ' L Nofpg] lbg hGtLnfO{ v'jfpg] ef]h hGt] ef]h hGt] et] . ~ et]ef]h
hGtLnfO{ jw"kIfn] v'jfpg] ef]h . ~ l;nf]s gf) laxfdf o1d08kdf b'nxLtkm{sf 3ufpFnx
] b'nfxftkm{sf hGtLxaLr k|Zgf]Qsf kdf elgg] k|lt:kwf{Tds Znf]s laxfsf] l;nf]s . hG
gf) [;+) oGq] hGt . hGd gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf :jefj cfjZostfcg';f Go"gtd ue{df; k"f
ePkl5 cfdfsf ue{af6 e|"0f aflx lg:sg] sfo{ k|;j k}bf . @= hLjg rf]nf lhGbuL . #= s'g}
;+:yf jf lgsfosf] cfDe . ~ s'08nL gf) Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f afnssf] hGd;dosf ;a} u|xul
tsf] l:ylt b]vfOPsf] rqm hGdklqsf lrgf l6kg . ~ s}b gf) != 7"nf ckfwLnfO{ hgde y'gfdf
Vg] ;hfo cfhLjg sffjf; . @= g]kfnsf] xfn k|rlnt sfg'gcg';f aL; jif{df ga9fO{ 7"nf c
kfwLnfO{ lbOg] ;hfo . #= To; k|sfsf] b08 jf ;hfosf] e'QmfgL . ~ If]q gf) hGdynf] cfk
"m hGd]sf] 7fpF hGde"ld . ut lj) hGd;DaGwL hGdl;4 hGdhft hGdFbb } l] vsf] . ~ ult g
hg;
\Vofsf] cf};t j[l4 jf x|f;sf] ult . ~ hGdfGt gf) != k'gh{Gdjfbsf cg';f d]kl5 km]lk
]l klg hGdFb} hfg] cgGt k|lqmof . lqm) lj) @= hGdhGdfGt;Dd cgGt sfn;Dd . ~ hGdfGtLo l
j) != hGdhGdfGt;DaGwL hGdhGdfGtsf] . @= slxNo} g6'
\lug] . ~ hoGtL gf) != s'g} ;+:yf j
f JolQmsf] of]ubfgnfO{ sb ub}{ p;sf hGdlbgdf dgfOg] pT;j . @= hGdf]T;j . hft lj) !
= s'g} JolQm jf j:t'n] hGd}bl] v ;fy lnP cfPsf] hGd}bl] vsf] hGdut hGdl;4 . @= cfg'j
+lzs . ~ ltly gf) hGd]sf lbgsf] ltly hGdlbg . ~ ynf] gf) cfk"m hGd]sf] 7fpF, ufpF j
f If]q hGde"ld hGdIf]q . ~ yft gf) x]) hgdyft .

hgLhft gf) [;+) hlghflt] != cfOdfO{ hft dlxnf . @= :jf:gLdfG5] . #= hxfg kTgL hxfgkft
. hg]z gf) [;+)] hgtfsf] :jfdL fhf . hg} gf) [;+) o1f]kjLt] pkgogljlw u] a|fXd0f cfl
hfltn] nufpg] lzvf kflPsf] wfuf] a|Xd;"q o1f]kjLt . ~ vl6f] gf) 5ftLdf af3sf] lrq n]
Vbf lgsf] x'G5 egL ljZjf; ulg] zLdf hg} xg] 7fpFdf 58\s] k] lgl:sg], clt kf]Ng] dl;
tfftf laldf af3]vl6f] . ~ k'g {] k"l0f{df gf) >fj0f z'SnkIfsf] k"l0f{df >fj0fL :gfg
g} dGq] nufpg] k"l0f{df Cliftk{0fL k"l0f{df IffaGwg ulg] k"l0f{df (ljz]iftM a|fXd0fxs
] kj{) . ~ ;
\NofO gf) hg} agfpg tLg;f] x'g] uL lkms]{df af6] wfuf] tof kfg]{ sfo{ hg
gfpg] sfo{sf] k|yd k|ljlw . hgf]6 gf) [hgfpcf]6] hgfpg] sfd jf s'f] hgfp . hgf]kof]u
L lj) [;+)] dfgjnfO{ pkof]uL x'g] vfnsf] nf]sf]kof]uL ;dfhf]kof]uL dfG5]nfO{ sfd nfU
g] jf dfG5]sf] enf] x'g] . hGhfn gf) [;+) hghfn] != ljifo jf ;f+;fls dfofdf]xsf] hf
n u[x:yL;DaGwL emGem6 . @= kljf hxfg . #= ;
\3if{ jf hl6n ;d:ofdf cfOnfUg] afwf jf Joj
wfg emd]nf . > hGhfnL lj) hGhfndf km;]sf] em}emd]nfdf clNemPsf] . hlGh gf) [kmf) hGhL
kmnfd, tfdf cflb wft'sf dl;gf tfaf6 ag]sf] ;f
\nf] l;qmL r]g . hG8 lj) [;+) r08] != c
lt l;fxf s'6]lk6] jzdf fVg g;lsg] dfkfsf] qmf]wL pR5[\vn . @= alnof] . #= tLI0f a
f]8 . hGt gf) != ljjfxdf bnxL lng hfg] jf lnP cfpg] ofqf . @= laxfdf bnfxfbnxLs
f ;fy nfu] hfg] sfd . #= jofqf . hGt gf) [;+) oGq] != tGqzf:qsf ljlwcg;f f]u jf bf]i
lgjfs dGq, d"lt{, c\s cflb sfuh jf ef]hkqdf n]vL dGqsf] pRrf0f;fy w"k, bLk k"hf cfl
b uL ;DalGwt JolQmsf 3fF6L, kfvf cflb c\udf afFlwg] j:t a6L . @= To:tf] hGtsf] ux
fsf] klg sfd lbg agfOPsf] rfsg] cfe"if0f . ~ dGt gf) != e"t, k|t ] f]uJofwaf6 aRg k
|of]u ulg] tGqdGq . @= eftsf] fhwfgL lbNnLdf x]sf], fhf dfgl;+xff lgld{t, u|xultsf]
ulg] oGq . > hGt] lj) != hGt dGqg] . @= hGt nufpg] . #= hGtsf z}nLsf] . hGt] lj) !
afaaf6 hlGdPsf kqxdWo] 5}6f}F cGt]eGbf kl5sf] vGt]eGbf clusf] . gf) @= 5}6f}F ;Gt
fg . hGtL gf) [hGt O{] != laxfdf jkIfltaf6 bnxL lng hfg] bnfxftkm{sf lgDtf?x bnfxfs
;fy;fy} clukl5

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hGdghkmt bftf gf) hGd lbg] k?if lktf afa . bfqL gf) hGd lbg] gfL hggL cfdf
!= ;f}dfgcg;f k|To]s jif{ 3d] cfOkUg] cfk"m hGd]sf] dlxgf jf ut] . @= rfGb|dfgcg
;f To;L cfOkUg] cfk"m hGd]sf] dlxgf ltly . #= hGdlbj; . $= hGdhoGtL hGdf]T;j . ~
lbj; gf) != hGdlbg . @= hGdf]T;j . ~ gIfq gf) hGd]sf ;dodf k]sf] gIfq hGdlbgsf] gIfq
hg gIfqdf hGd ePsf] 5 ToxL gIfq . gf lqm) lj) hGdn] hGdb]lv hGdsf lx;fan] jf b[li6
n] hGdtM . ~ lgf]w gf) hGdlgoGq0f ulg] ljleGg pkfo ;Gtltlgf]w ue{lgf]w . hGdg c)
d g] != cfdfsf ue{leqsf] e|"0f ue{df; k"f ePkl5 k}bf xg rf]nf lng hlGdg hGd xg
. @= pTkGg xg k}bf xg . #= v8f xg ;d:of cfOkg{ . dg { c) lqm) (;+o)) hGdg
dg{ To:tf] qmd rNg . hGd kqhGd klqsfhGd kqL gf) [;+)] hGd;dosf] nUg kQf nufO{ u|x
xsf] cjl:ylt sxfFsxfF 5 ;f] :yfg :ki6 hgfpg tof ulPsf] s08nL hGdkq hGds08nL lrgf l
. hGd e"ld gf) [;+)] != hGd]sf] 7fpF hGd:yfg hGdynf] . @= hGd]sf] b]z . #= cfgf kv
f{xn] a;f]af; u]sf] b]z . hGd flz gf) [;+)] rfGb|df;cg;f afx|j6f flzxdWo] hGd ePsf
fsf] flz . hGd f]uL lj) [;+)] hGd}b]lv f]u lnP cfPsf] hGdFb} f]uL hGd]sf] hGdesf]
d ?U0f ue]{ f]uL . hGd nUg gf) [;+)] hGdFbfv]l k]sf] nUg afx| nUgdWo] hGdFbf k]sf] n
. hGd jf gf) [;+)] hGd]sf lbg k]sf] jf hGd]sf] jf . hGd j[QfGt gf) [;+)] != hGd ePsf
nfsf] oyfjt\ ljj0f hGdesf ofjt\ sfsfgL Oltj[Q hLjgsf cfBf]kfGt 36gfsf] j0f{g . @= hL
gL ufyf rlt . hGdl;4 lj) [;+)] hGdsf ;fy} kfPsf] hGd kfpFbf g} k|fKt xg] hGdaf6} l;4
ePsf] hGdhft (pbf) hGdl;4 clwsf, hGdl;4 gfuls O)) . hGd :yfg gf) [;+)] hGd]sf] 7fpF h
de"ld . hGdxff lj) [;+)] != ;v, ;ljwf, ;DkGgtf cflb hGd}b]lv gkfPsf] blb| sndf hG
d]sf] ;w}Fsf] bMvL hGds\ufn . @= hGdFb}b]lvsf] cefuL . hGdfO gf) [ hGd ( cfO)] hGdg]
hGdfpg] lqmof jf efj . [ > ] hGdfOg s) lqm) hGd jf k}bf ufOg . hGdfpg k|) ] lqm
) k}bf ufpg hgL lbg jf hGd ufpg . hGdfGt gf) [;+)] kf0fcg;f kgh{Gdkl5 kgMk
g] hGd . jfb gf) kgh{Gd xG5 eGg] af]sf] l;4fGt d]kl5 sd{sf] kmncg;fsf] kgh{Gd x
5 eGg] Ps bz{g
448

kgh{Gdjfb . jfbL lj) kgh{Gd xG5 eGg] l;4fGtdf ljZjf; fVg] k"j{ jf kgh{Gdjfbdf l
jZjf; ePsf] kgh{GdjfbL . hGdfGw lj) [;+)] hGd]b]lv g} cfFvf gb]Vg] hGd}b]lvsf] cGw
f] cfhGd cfFvf gb]vL hLjg latfpg] . hGdfi6dL gf) [;+)] efb| dlxgfsf s[i0fkIfsf] ci
6dL ltly s[i0f hGd]sf] ltly s[i0ffi6dL . hlGdg s) lqm) [hGd O g] hGd lng jf k}bf xg
hGdg . hGdf]T;j gf) [;+)] != hGdlbgdf ulg] pT;j bz sd{ jf iff]8z ;+:sfcg;f hGd]s}
lbgdf ug{kg]{ hfts sd{ @= k|To]s jif{ 3d ] cfOkUg] hGdlbgsf lbg ;:jf:Yo bL3f{
os  f] sfdgf ub}{ dgfOg] pT;j tyf ci6lr~hLjLsf] k"hf cflb d\unsf ci6sfo{ . hGdf}t
L gf) [hGd cf}tL] hGdklqsf lrGxf hGds08nL l6kg . hGo lj) [;+)] != pTkGg ePsf] l;lh{P
. @= hGdg] k}bf xg] . hk\g ;) lqm) [;+) hk g] lhe|fn] bfFtnfO{ g5jfO{sg kf tyf kZ
oGtL jf0fLdf b]jb]jLsf aLhk dGqsf] afaf cfj[lQ ug{ dGqf]Rrf0f ug{ . hk gf) [;+)] b]
b]jLsf] aLh:jk sg} j0f{, kb, dGq, cWofo cflb s;}n] g;Gg] uL ulPsf] kf7 dgdg} pRrflt
dGq . ~ tk gf) hkkf7 k"hfcfhf WofgjGbgf . > hkg gf) b]jb]jLsf] dGq cn] g;Gg] uL hKg
sfd hk . hkgf gf) [;+) hk] != ;w}Fel Pp6} dfq sfsf] lrGtf WofpGg . @= Pp6} sfsf] k
gM Wofg jf cfu|x . ~ tkgf gf) ftf]lbg Pp6} sfn] xg] lrGtf WofpGg . hkdfnf gf) [;+)]
dGqkf7sf] ;\Vof fVg xftdf lnP 3dfOg] ?b|fIf, tn;L cflbsf bfgf ePsf] dfnf . hko1 g
f) [;+)] dGqsf] hk:jk o1 dGqsf] hk ulg] kZr0f . hkf gf)x]) hkfs;d . hkfO gf) [ h
O)] hKg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hkfOg s) lqm) hk ufOg . hkfpg k|) ] lqm) hk ufp
g hk ug{ nufpg . hkfs;d  hkfkik gf) [;+)] != kflhftsf h:t} kft xg], nfdf] Pp6}
dfq s]; lg:sg] ftf], sn]hL cflb ljleGg sf k"mn kmNg] j[Ifljz]if hkf . @= To;}sf] k"
mn hjfs;d  3G6Lk"mn afdf;] k"mn . hkmt gf) [c) hAt] sg} ;dy{ JolQmn] c;dy{sf] wgd
fn jf sg} j:t hah:tL cfgf] clwsfdf lng] sfd csf{sf] j:t vf];L To;sf] :jfldTjaf6 ;
d]t jl~rt ug]{ufpg] sfd . > hkmtL lj) hah:tL csf{sf] clwsfaf6

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

449

hahdfg ePsf] e]nf . #= ;ef srxL . hdhd gf) [;+) od (l))] != sg} sfdsfdf nfUg] nuftf
] r]i6f hDsf] hdsf]{ . @= s]xL ug{sf] nflu dgdf hfu]sf] vnbnL jf xtf . > hdhdfO gf
) hdhd ug]{ rfn, lqmof jf efj . hdhdfOg c) lqm) hdhd xf]Og s] uF s;f] uF xf]Og tl
;g . hdhdfpg c) lqm) s] uF s;f] uF xg rf}rf} xg Psbd r~rn xg . hdhdfx6 gf)
dfO . hd7 gf) [hfd 7] e]8f, Rof\u|f cflbsf] pmgnfO{ wfuf] gsftLsg 5] df8d8 kfL f8L j
Dk6sf] cfsfdf hdfOPsf] j:q hdf]7 . hdtL gf) [hd\ tL] 3]n tfgdf ag]sf] 5f]6fuhL sk8f
]6jf vfF8L . hdblUg gf) [;+)] ;Ktlif{xdWo] 5}6f}F Clif kzfdsf afa e[uj+zsf Ps k|
L Clif . hdbf gf) x]) hdfbf . hdf gf) [;+) ojf\s] 36:yfkgf ubf{ afnjf jf k~rd[lQsf
j]bL agfO{ f]k] gjflqdf pdfL ljhofsf] k"hf ulg] tyf 6Lsf nfpFbf skfndf l;plg], hf}sf
cfFsf . hd] lj) [hdf P] hdfsf] hdf;DaGwL . ~ cf}; L gf) ;f]x|>f4 ;lsg] cf}F;L l
dfj:of gf}yf nfUg] cf}F;L cflZjg s[i0fkIfsf] cf}F;L . hdsf]{ gf) s'g} sfd cfF6sf ;fy
df ug]{ k|of; ldlxg]t sf]l;; . hdn lj) [;+) odn] != hDNofxf hf]lN7Psf] . @= hf]8fldN
bf] bf}Ftlnf] . gf) #= sf7df8f}Fsf] Pp6f k|l;4 7fpF . sf7f] gf) sfsfs'n, afh cflb l
jleGg sf]l6sf rLnxdWo] ;fgf] vfnsf] rLn df+;fxfL kIfLju{sf] Ps rf] l;sfL . hdfO gf)
\ (cfO)] hDg] jf hdfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hdfOg' s) lqm) != hDg] kflg' h
dfpg nfOg' . @= lkl6g' uf]lbg' . hdfpg' k|) ] lqm) != hDg] kfg'{ hd]sf] t'Nofpg' .
;) lqm) @= 76fpg' uf]b\g' . hdfvf] gf) [c) hdckmf) vf]] cg}lts lsl;dn] wg hDdf ug]{ J
olQm . > hdfvf]L gf) cg}lts cfr0fff wgdfn y'kfg]{ sfd . hdft gf) [c) hdfct] != s'g} j
b jf l;4fGtdf nfu]sf dflg;xsf] ;d"x ;Dk|bfo u'6 . @= x"n eL8ef8 3'Or F f] ayfg aufn
dfbf gf) [c) hdckmf) bf] ;} l gs ;] j fdf xjnbfeGbf dfly ;'a]bfeGbf d'lgsf] Ps kb j
hf{ . hdfg gf) [kmf) hafg] != tGg]L o'js . @= o;f] u5'{ eg] ulPsf] sa'n :jLs[lt k|lt
f]nsaf]n . ~ sdfg gf)

vf]l;Psf] csf{sf] clwsf cfgf] agfOPsf] . hkmt] lj) hkmt ug]{ vfnsf] hkmtLdf ;fd]n x'g
] hkmt ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ . ha lqm) lj) [k|f) hfj] h'g ;dodf hltv] h'g a]nf . ha lj) [c
!= zfLls tyf dfgl;s kn] jzdf fVg g;lsg] c6]L g6]g]{ hAa/ . @= dha't alnof] bf] .
}Fbf] . h:t lj) bx|f] ks8 jf Psf]xf]f] l9kL ePsf] kqm]kl5 s'g} k|sfn] klg 5f8\b} g5f
8\g] alnof] b[9 . h:tL gf) != s'fn] jf ann] ;dft]kl5 5f8\b} g5f8\g] Jojxf . @= anhkm
L lyrf]ldrf] d'9k ] n ] fO crfSnL . lqm) lj) #= OR5fsf lj?4 jf anfTsfk"j{s . lj) $=
OR5fsf lj?4 jf anfTsfk"0f{ (h:tf] hah:tL s0fL, hah:tL xftkft cflb) . hAa/ lj)x]) ha/
hafg gf) [kmf)] jrg saf]n hdfg . ~ aGbL gf) != ckfw :jLsf uL jf 7x]cg';f ;hfo ef]
uL n]lvPsf] sfg'gL tjsf] sfut . lj) @= d'vn] saf]n]sf] . hafkm gf) [c) hjfa] != s;}
sf] k|Zgsf] pQ pQ . @= s;}n] cx|fPsf] 6fg{ af]lng] s'g} jrg . b]x lj) hafkm lbg ;Sg]
pQbfloTj jxg ug]{ . b]xL gf) pQbfloTj jxg ug]{ JolQm lhDd]bfL pQbfloTj . ~ ;afn gf
} Ps ljifodf k|Zgf]Q ulg] sfd xflhLhafkm Psn] bf];f| ;Fu ;f]Wg] pQ lbg] sfd . hafkm
) [c) hjfaL] != hafkm lbg] vfnsf] hafkm lbOPsf] jf n]lvPsf] (kq cflb) pQ jf ;dfwfg
ePsf] pQ k7fOPsf] . @= hafkm;DaGwL hafkm cfpg] . ~ sfafO{ gf) s;}n] s;}dfly u]sf] sf
{sf abnfdf klxn] sfafO{ ug]{dfly g} ulg] sfafO{ b08 cflb kfpg] ePsf JolQmn] b08 ug]{
JolQmdfly abnf lng] efjgfn] ug]{ sfafO{ . ~ s'kg gf) ljZj x'nfs ;
\3sf] ;b:otf kfPs
f fi6df x'nfs l6s6 lng ldNg] s'kg x'nfs ;x'lnot jf x'nfs ;'ljwfo'Qm l6s6 . ~ xdnf gf
) hafkm jf abnfdf ulg] cfqmd0f k|Tofqmd0f . he|6 ] f] gf) ufO{sf] lhe|f]h:tf] cfsfsf
kft x'g], cfo'j]{lbs cf}ifwLdf kg]{ emfhftsf] jg:klt uf]lhXjf ufO{lhe|] . hd\g c) l
qm) [kmf) hdf g] != b"w, kfgL cflb tn j:t bxLh:tf] cyjf lxpFh:tf] eP ;ff] xg 7f];
xg . kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ jf sl;\u cflb 7f]; j:t lgsf; gkfP hDdf xg . #= ;fwg jf
;ljwf;DkGg xg d:t xg . $= a;]sf] jf x]sf] 7fpFdf :yfoL xg . %= 7fF6;Fu a:g
jf xg . hd36 gf) != Ps} hft jf ;d"xsf k|f0fLxsf] e]nf hd36 uHdf}f] vrfvr . @= dflg
Nnfx ug{sf lgldQ

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hdfgthDdf != PskN6 af]nk ] l5 k"f ug]{ jrg k|lt1f . @= 5nkmnaf6 6\uf] nfu]kl5 lnOg]
bfloTj jf ef . hdfgt gf) [c)] d2fdfldnfdf dl5Psf] JolQmnfO{ rfx]sf a]nf pkl:yt
ufpg] ;t{df ;DalGwt cfdf wgwf}6L fvL jf JolQm g} hdfgL a;L 56fpg] sfd lwtf] wf}6L .
hkmt gf) fhgLlts kbsf nflu rgfpdf p7\g] pDd]bjfn] cfof]udf hDdf u]sf] tf]lsPadf]lhd
sf] sd tf]lsPsf] xbeGbf sd dt NofPdf :jtM ;sfLs0f xg] Joj:yf . hdfgf gf) [c) hdfg] !
= s;}n] ef]Ugklx]sf], ef]u]sf] jf ef]Ug afFsL sfn . @= ;do sfn . #= ou . $= JolQm
sf b[li6df z]if dfgj;dfh . hdfgL gf) [c) hfdLg] != cleof]u nfu]sf] JolQmn] bfloTj
k"f gu] cfk"m u5{ egL lhDdf lng] JolQm hdfg jf san ug]{ JolQm . @= sg} ljifosf
nflu cfk"m lhDd]bf ePsf] sf :jLsf ug]{ JolQm . #= To;L hdfg ug]{ sfo{ jf Joj:yf . ~
kq gf) hdfgL a:g]n] n]lvlbg] sfggL tjsf] salnotgfdf saf]nkq . hdfg] dfGb|f ] gf)
kftdf sfF8f xg,] d~hLsf cfsfsf kx]n F f k"mn kmNg], rqf]sf] h:t} kx]Fnf] sf] sf7
xg] rqf]h:t} kmNg] Ps j[Ifljz]if To;}sf] k"mn . hdfdb{ lj) [kmf) hjfFdb{] != kf}v
ePsf] k?iffyL{ . @= kf] ;"f] cfF6L . gf) #= tGg]L . > hdfdbL{ gf) jLtf pT;fx el
QmTj axfbL ;ofOF nf7]kg . hdfnuf]6L gf) [;+) hokfn u6L] t]n cfpg], ;]tf] ubL xg]
;sd]nh:tf kmn kmNg], afFemf] ktL{ hldgdf xg] emfljz]if hokfn pkljif . hdfnf] gf)
x]) hfdnf] . hldg gf) [kmf)] != eO{F . @= k[YjL . #= hUuf . ~ cf;dfg gf) != cSsf
;kQfn . @= Hofb} kms . bf gf) != e"ld;wfk"j{ cfgf dftxtsf hUufhldgsf] dfnkf]t p7fP
mfO{ dfncf df]xLxsf aLr dWo:ysf] sfd ug]{ JolQm . @= k|z:t hUufhldg ePsf] JolQm 7"n
f] e"ldklt . bfL gf) != hldgbfsf] kb jf bfloTj . @= hldgbfsf] vjf jf latf{ lhfot .
dhdfp gf) ;DkGgtf . hdgf gf) [;+) odgf] != lxdfnoaf6 ax] Onfxfafbdf kuL u\ufdf ld
Ng] Ps gbL odgf . @= ;"o{sL kqL odfhsL alxgL . #= x7of]uLxn] if6\rqmsf] cEof; ubf{
k|of]u ug]{ afofF gf8L . hdf]6 gf) [hd\ cf]6] Ogfsf] kvf{n jf l8n gefl;of];\ egL aL
rdf vfnL kmflsnf] kfL hudf klxn] g} flvg] sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] Ogfelsf] rSsf .
450

hdf]7 gf) [hd\ cf]7] x]) hd7 . hDsg c) lqm) [hDsf] g] != tTk xg ;lg cfFl6nf] x
fUg . @= laxf cflbdf a];L afhf aHg . #= 7fFl6nf] xg . > hDsfO gf) hDsg] tyf hD
sfpg] u0f, lqmof jf efj . hDsfpg k|) ] lqm) hDsg] kfg{ . hDsfx6 gf) hDsfO . hDs
f gf) x]) hDsf] . e]6 gf) cs:dft\ jf jf:; ePsf] e]6 PsfPs ePsf] dvfdvL . hlDsg c)
lqm) [hDs O g] != hlDsg] xf]Og emlNsg . @= hDsg . hDsf] gf) [;+) ods] != sg} sfd
ugk { bf{ c Jo:ttf afWotfaf6 df}sf ldnfpg ulg] k|of; cj; lng] k|of; hdsf]{ . @= tTk
. hDSofO gf) [ hlDs ( ofO)] hlDsg] lqmof jf lsl;d . [ > ] hDSofOg s) lqm) hlDsg] kf
lg . hDSofpg k|) ] lqm) hlDsg] kfg{ hlDsg nufpg . hDSofx6 gf) hlDsg] :jefj, lqmo
f jf efj . hDg] lj) [hd\ g]] != tn kbfy{ afSnf] xg] . @= b"w bxL ePem}F xg] . ~ la
Gb gf) tfkqmd 36] kfgL lxpFdf kl0ft xg] cj:yf . hDk gf) [c\)] bf}8df efu lng] s]6Lx
nufpg] vsn  f] kf];fs gfLbf}8sf] kf];fs . hDafn gf) [;+)] != lxnf] . @= kfgL, d}
nf cflb hd] k]sf] sfO{ n]p . #= ofp . > hDaflngL lj) != ofp jf sfO{ hGdfpg] tj ePsf]
gf) @= gbL tnfp . hDa gf) [;+)] != hfdgfsf h:t} t clns 7"nf kft xg], hfdgfs} h:
tf kmn kmNg] j}zfv dlxgflt kfSg], vfFbf ulnof] :jfb xg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt kmFl8 .
@= :ofn . lj) #= af7f] rDa" . ~ v08Lk gf) kf0fsf] ef}uf]lns cjl:yltcg;f k[YjLsf ;ft
kdWo] ;aeGbf ;fgf] s]Gb|df kg]{ Lk . ~ dGqL gf) != :ofn . lj) @= v"a rnfv w"t{ rtf]
. hDa" gf) [;+)] x]) hDa . hDdf lj) [c) hd ] != Psq ePsf] a6lnPsf] Pslqt . gf) @= a
6Ng], hDdf kfg],{ e]nf ug]{ sfd . #= ljleGg ;d"x jf 7fpFdf x]sf j:t jf ;\VofnfO{
hf]8\g] sfd e]nf kfg]{ sfd . lqm) lj) $= ePe ePhlt . ~ vr{ gf) != cdfgtdf sfdsfh u]s
f dflg;n] bflvn u]sf k|df0f, lan, cfah],{ kmffd, 9kf]6, jfl;nafFsL cflb bflvn ePkl
5 ;Gtfgb;GtfgnfO{ kqmfp gug]{ uL afFsL z"Go uL cdfgtLnfO{ kmfv axL ag]af6 ullbg] sf
. @= ;a} cfoJoosf] k"fk" hf]8 . #= cfoJoo b?:t b]lvg] kmfF6jfL . hDdL gf) != ;Dk"0f
{ ;\Vofsf] sn hf]8 k"f

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

451

hd|f]h6\7 hokq gf) [;+)] != k|frLg sfndf sg} bO{ b]zsf] o4 xb F f xfg]{ kIfsf fh
f jf pRr zf;sn] lhTg] kIfnfO{ cfgf] xf :jLsf uL n]lvlbPsf] kq kflht kIfn] n]lvlbg] lh
fkq . @= cZjd]wsf 3f]8fsf 6fpsfdf 6fFl;g] kq ljhokq . #= cbfntff lbOPsf] lhtafhLsf]
km};nf lhtfkq . > hokqL gf) x]) hfOkqL . ho kfho gf) [;+)] k:ksf] o4 jf ;\3if{sf]
xf xflht lhtxf . hokfn gf) [;+)] hdfnuf]6f chokfn . hok|sfz dNn gf) [;+)] g]kfns
fk"j{sf] sflGtk fHosf clGtd dNn fhf . hodfnfhodfNo gf) [;+)] != o4 jf cleofgdf ;kmn
tf k|fKt ug]{nfO{ nufOlbg] dfnf ljhodfnf . @= :jo+j ubf{ sGofn] s]6fnfO{ nufpg] jdf
nf . honIdL gf) [;+)] ;gftgL kDkfcg;f o4sL clwi7fqL b]jL ljho>L ho>L . hon]v gf) [
] != ljhosf] Oltxf; kl5;Dd xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ltly, ldlt, 36gf, k|;\u cflb pNn]v uL
lznf, sfi7, tfd| cflbdf c\lst ulPsf] n]v ljhoclen]v . @= hokq . ho>L gf) [;+)] ljho
sL k|tLs b]jL honIdL . ho :tDe gf) [;+)] sg} b]zsf] e"efudf ljho k|fKt u]kl5 To;sf
] :d[lt:jk :yflkt ulg] sLlt{dfg ljho:tDe . hof gf) [;+)] != kfj{tL buf{ . @= Wjhf kt
sf . #= xlof] baf] . $= jh|bGtL j[If . lj) %= ljho ufpg] hoL . hoL lj) [;+)] ljho x
fl;n ug]{ ho k|fKt u]sf] lhTg] . hof]Nnf; gf) [;+)] != ljho k|fKt ubf{ k}bf xg] jf
dgfOg] v;LofnL lhtafhLaf6 xg] dfOnf] . @= ljhosf] k|;Ggtf hohosf ho3f]if . h lj) [
] != j[4 a"9f] . @= kfgf] hL0f{ . gf) #= a9fOF j[4fj:yf . $= gfz IfL0ftf . hsds
) [c) d") hs\ c (l))] != sfd ubf{ jf lxF88n ubf{ zL ylst xg] uL w]} kl>d kg]{ uL
f a;p7 ug]{ u] . gf) @= To:tf] zfLls r]i6f hofsdofs cf]sL{kmsL{ . hSs lqm) lj) [c
!= hfFu, kmtL{ cflbn] p7\g tDtof eP h?Ss . @= l; jf c;Gtf]ifn] hls{g] jf a6flg] u
l3g] jf ;lGsg] rfn;Fu . #= sg} j:tnfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 p7fP jf pv]n] jk ;fg]{ uL . hd
)gf) [c) d") h\ c (l))] x]) hsds . hhxft gf) [(l)) hjfxft] dl0fdfl0fSo, ;g, rf
o Tg axd"No wftb|Jo . h6\7 lj) [;+) h7] != cf]OnfP ;Svf ePsf] ;fx|} s8f

hDdf . lqm) lj) @= k"fk"L . hfn gf) != kljfdf ePsf ;a} hgf Ps kljfleqsf hfxfg hg
kfljfls hGhfn kfljfls afnaRrf . ~ bfloTj gf) kFhLsf] clwstd ;Ldf jxg ug{ ;Sg] k"FhL
t bfloTj . dff lj) s]xL lgxF kf] csf{sf] ;DklQ vfOlbg] ;fpFJofh ;a} kr ug]{ . hd|f
gf) x]) hd|f] . hDnf xft gf) [;+) odn x:t] b]jtfk|lt elQm dfGo hgk|lt lgj]bg ubf{
jf laGtL la;fpFbf b;} cf}Fnf hf]8] ulg] k|0ffd 9f]u shf]L laGtL . hDNofxf lj) [;+) o
] Ps} sf]vaf6 Ps} ;dosf] ue{jf;ff hlGdPsf] Ps} ;fy hGd]sf] . ho gf) [;+)] != sg} kl>
d, cleofg jf tk:ofsf] ;kmn kl0ffd ljho ;kmntf . @= sNof0f zed\un . #= OlGb|o jf sg}
klg cGo cj:yf jf l:yltdflysf] lht jf lgoGq0f lgu|x . $= ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps . %= j}
s07sf rf fdWo] k"j{fdf xg] bO{ fkfn ho ljhodWo] horflxF . lj) af]) ^= lht]sf] v
vaf6 ;fd"lxs kn] lgsflng] xlif{t Wjlg . sf gf) != ljhof]Nnf;df jf sg} b]jb]jLsf d\
unufgdf pRrf0f ulg] ho3f]if . @= s;}sf] k|z+;f :tlt . 3f]if gf) hosf . ho lj) af
t]sf] v;Ldf lgsflng] Wjlg ho . ~ bGble gf) != sg} G, emu8f jf n8fOFdf lht ePsf]
v;LofnLdf ahfOg] guf, ljhosf afhf, hoafhf cflb . @= ltg} afhfsf] zAb . b]j gf) !=
g]kfnsf lnR5ljj+zLo Ps fhf . @= uLtuf]ljGb sfJosf rlotf a\ufnsf slj . hob|y gf) [;+)
dxfeftcg;f l;Gw b]zsf Ps fhf bof]{wgsf a}gLHjfOF dxfeftsf Ps k|l;4 kfq . hoWjh g
[;+)] o4 cflbsf] ljhokl5sf] lrXg jf ;\s]tktfsf ljhosf] emG8f ljhoktfsf . hoWjlg gf)
[;+)] ho3f]if houfg hosf . ho g]kfn lj) af]) [ho g]kfn] @))& ;fnsf] qmflGt5]s To;kl5
ljz]if kdf rNb} cfPsf], vf; uL fi6jfbL g]kfnL ;dfh k|xL ;dfhdf k|rlnt, e]63f6 labf
a]nf lzi6frfk"0f{ clejfbgsf kdf k|s6 ulg] jf efif0f, k|jrg cflbsf] cGtdf clejfbg h
gfpg b]zk|]dsf] Bf]tg ug]{ Ps zAb . hoGt gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf] 5f]f] OGb|kq . @= lz
j . #= lji0f . lj) $= ho k|fKt ug]{ ljhoL . > holGtsfhoGtL gf) != sg} JolQm jf ;\3
;+:yfsf] hGdlbg ;f] lbg dgfOg] pT;j hDsf] . @= ah|bGtL j[If . #= dl;gf xlof kft ftf
;]tf k"mn kmNg], ds} cflbsf af]6df nfUg] nxf] nIdLk"mn .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

h0fhSof{O cf] . @= l5lKkPsf] leq sf7 k;]sf] dnfod gePsf] . #= yf]lqPsf] hL0f{ . $=
9Ns] sflGt xfPsf] j[4 a"9f] . > hlg c) lqm) hf] xg . h6\7fO gf) hlg] efj,
h6\7fOg' s) lqm) hlg nfOg' . h6\7fpg' k|) ] lqm) hlg nfpg' hlg] kfg'{ . h0f
yf a'9fOF . lj) @= yf]qf] jf k'fgf] hL0f{ . #= pd] lalt;s]sf] Psbd} a"9f] . hy|: ' t
[kmf) ht'Yt] O) k") 5}6f}F ztfAbLltsf, kmf;L wd{sf k|jt{s Ps cfrfo{ . hb\jl[ Q gf) [
;+)] j[4sfndf hLljsfsf lglDt lbOg] ;xof]u lgj[lQe0f k]G;g . hx gf) [c) hx{] dg}bl] v
hfu] cfPsf] qmf]w l; a]v; ' L. hf gf) [;+)] != j[4fj:yf a'9fOF j[4Tj . @= a'9fOFn
dhf]L . #= x]) hf] . u|:t lj) a'9fOFn] u|:t kf]sf] a"9f] ePsf] . hL0f{ lj) a'9f
OlGb|o lzlyn ePsf] hh{ . hfo' gf) [;+)] != uef{zodf x]sf afnssf] jlkl a]lPsf] kftnf
NnL ;fn . @= uef{zo . #= of]lg . > hfo'h gf) hfo'df jf uef{zodf x] hGdg] k|f0fL lk08
hfof] gf) xfFuf kmf6]sf w]} l;
x'g] 7"nf] hftsf] d[u afx|l;
\uf afx|l;] . hfj:yf
hfcj:yf] j[4fj:yf a'9];sfn a'9fOF . hf;Gw gf) [;+)] s[i0fsf o'lQmn] eLd;]gff 6f
k
egL dxfeft tyf efujtdf k|l;4, s+;sf ;;'f tyf k|l;4 duw b]zsf Ps fhf . hl
\uf] gf) [hf
] fof]sf h:tf 7"n7"nf gd kft x'g], crft/sfL vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] h
\unL ;fu . hlafgfhld
[kmf) h'df{g] != gub ?lkofF b08 ltg'{kg]{ uL ckfwLnfO{ ulPsf] ;hfo gub b08 8fF8 . @=
b08 ltg'{kg]{ ?k}ofF s}b ef]Ug'sf] ;f ltg'{kg]{ sd . hlof gf) [c) hlo] != s'g} sfo{sf
nflu cfjZos kg]{ sf0f x]t' . @= s'g} b'O{ JolQm jf j:t'sf] aLrsf] gftf ;DaGw ;fF7ufF
7 . hlof] gf) [hLof]] aQ'n] a'g] lemlnSs emNsg] kf]sf], skfndf nufpg] wfuf] nR5f wfu
. hL gf) [kmf)] aQ'h:t} uL sk8fdf a'f ebf{ pkof]u ulg] j:t' ;'gf}nf jf kf}nf
\usf
L ebf{ pkof]u ulg] tf . ~ uf5 gf) hLn] a'gs ] f], hLsf a'f elPsf] lsgvfa, tf; cflb
'6L gf) cf}ifwLdf sfd nfUg] af]6la?jfsf emfkft cflbsf] a'6L h8La'6L . h? gf) [c) h']
lgZro cjZo kSsf . lqm) lj)
452

@= lgZro;fy cjZo g} lgM;Gb]x kSsfkSsL kdf . > h?t gf) != cfjZostf vfFrf] . @= k|of]h
}lrTo . #= cefj xhf{ . h?L lj) != sfdsfafO{ rfF8f] ug'k { g]{ guL gx'g] . @= h?t k]
jZos . #= vfFrf] k]sf] geOgePsf] . $= xtktL xtff] . h?jf! lj) [h8pjf] ;'dbf{ g;f gr'F
8Psf] fd|L g;'dlPsf] cfF8] x]sf] (uf]?, af]sf] cflb) . h?jf@ lj) [hf]pjf] != hfaf
jf lg:s]sf] d"nsf] . gf) @= clncln kfgL pd|g] 7fpF ;fOxg] :jR5 kfgL ;fog . ~ kfgL g
d"n k'm6] lg:s]sf] kfgL lr;f] fd|f] kfgL . hf]! gf) [;+) Hj] jft, lkQ, skm cflbdf ljs
k}bf x'b F f zLdf tfk a9] x'g] ladfL tfkdfks oGqn] zLsf] tfk gfKbf (*) l8u|LeGbf a9L
lvg] udL{ zLsf] tfkdfg a9\g] f]u (cf}n]hf], sfdhf], e'
\u|]hf], Ps'Gb|]hf] cflb) .
[;+) h8] ;Dk"0f{ af]6la?jf cflbsf] df6fd'lg k;] e]fhg lng] cjoj sGb h8 d"n . hs{g c)
lqm) [c) d") hSs g] l;, qmf]w, c;xdlt cflbsf efjgfn] hSs kg{ emf]lsg ems{g afpFl7
fpg hls{g . hs{6 lj) != sfddf cr]6\g g;lsg] vfnsf] hs{6f] c6] . @= ksfpFbf jf lehfp
Fbf gd gxg] cf] hf]{ h k]sf] . #= afgLJojxfdf clzi6tf emNsg] uFjf . hs{l6g
hs{6f] xg hv{lg l5lKkg . hs{6 ] hs{6f] lj) != l5lKkP h k]sf] ;s] jf clP
= ;fgfltgf sfdf klg l;fpg] hv{lg] afgL ePsf] a6flPsf] . #= c;Eo :jefjsf] uFjf . $=
] gkfSg] hf]{ . hs{6fO gf) [ hs{l6 ( cfO)] hs{6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hsf{O gf
{ ( cfO)] hs{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hsf{O gf) hsf{pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
of . hsf{Og s) lqm) hs{g nfOg . hsf{pg ;) lqm) != h?Ss p7fpg pRffNg . @= h};d]
t pv]Ng . #= sfg lgdf]7\g . $= huN6fpg . k|) ] lqm) hs{g] kfg{ hs{g nfpg . hs
f{hsL{ gf) [hs{ hs{] != fo gldNbf jf l;fl;n] k:kdf hs{g] sfd cfk;sf] egfeg . @= kfv
{;sL{ . hls{g gf) [c\)] t]n cflb tn kbfy{ xfNg] Knfl:6ssf] efF8f] . hls{g c)lqm)x])
hs{g . hSof{O gf) [ hls{ ( ofO)] hls{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hSof{O gf) hS
of{pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hSof{Og

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

453

hv{l/ghn k|l;4 wft . hd{gL gf) [c\)] dWo of]kdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 b]z . ~ k"mn gf) 5
f af6nf kft xg], ftf, kx]Fnf cflb ljleGg sf k"mn kmNg], k|foM udnfdf nufOg] jf ;
hfOg] k"mnsf] Ps hft . hd{fO gf) [ hd{fp ( cfO)] hd{fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
hd{fOg c) lqm) hd{fpg] r]i6f ulg . hd{fpg c) lqm) [hsds cfp g] != em6k6;Fu p7\g
ug { , h d  { fpg hkm{ fpg . @= rnanfpg rndnfpg . #= f]dfl~rt xg knlst
aGg . hofsh?s lqm) lj) [c) d") hofs\ c (l))] al;x]sf ;a} sg} k|sfsf] em:sf, ;\s]t
sf0fn] Ps};fy p7\g] uL h?sh?s u] . hofsdofs gf) [c) d") hofs\ c (l))] zLsf ;
g]{ uL cf]s{g]kms{g] sfd c\ux rfF8f]rfF8f] ;~rfng ug]{ sfd . hofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") h
> hofs\ s] Ps} rf]l6 p7\g] uL h?Ssl;t . hofh? gf) [c) d") hof\ c (l))] != Hjf
7\uxdf xg] j]bgf ;bL{ jf Hjsf] k|efjn] zLsf hf]gL{xdf xg] kL8f . lqm) lj) @= To:t
bgf jf kL8f xg] uL . hofdof gf) [c) d") hof\ c (l))] != zLdf kL8f gkg]{ vfnsf]
lsl;dsf] ldlxg]t . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] lsl;dsf] kl>d jf d]xgt xg] uL . hl{g  c) lq
m) [hf]{ O g] != sg} rLh ;s] jf l5lKkP cf] xg hf]{ aGg h kg{ 7l{g . @=
s kg{ . hf] { lj) [;+) h] != sg} j:t ;s] jf l5lKkP c k]sf] hv{lPsf] s8f 7f
. hof{O gf) [ hl{ ( ofO)] hl{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hof{Og s) lqm) hf]{ kflg
 k|]) lqm) cf] tNofpg hf]{ kfg{ . h;L{ gf) [c\)] != pmgaf6 ag]sf] sk8fljz]if . @
]nf8Ln] v]n v]Nbf nufpg] kf];fs Hofs]6 . ~ ufO{ gf) ufO{sf ljleGg hftdWo] nfdf] cf,
nfd} ub{g xg], hf] gxg] cufl8 gx]sf] b]lvg], ljz]if vfnsf] bwfn ufO{ ljsf;]
ufO{ . hn\g c) lqm) [;+) Hjn g] != sg} j:t cfuf]n] l6k] ;Nsg 89\g aNg . @= s;}
l| t dgdf l;OaL xg csf{sf] pGglt ;xg g;s] 8fx xg c;Xo xg . #= 3fpvl6f cflbdf kL8
xg 8xg . hn gf) [;+)] != kfgL pbs . @= b]jtfnfO{ gxfPsf] jf

s) lqm) hls{g nfOg hsf{Og . hSof{pg k|) ] lqm) hs{g] kfg{ emf]SSofpg . hSof{x6
gf) hls{g] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . hv{lg c) lqm) [hv{f] O g] != 7f]{ xg cf] xg
 . @= a}F; r9] dQ xg . #= w]} l5lKkg . hv{f] lj) [hf]{ vf]] != ;s] jf l5lKkP c
hf]{ . @= w]} l5lKkPsf] . #= gSs tfTg] lsl;dsf] a];f]dtL l6lDsPsf] . hv{ofO gf) [ h
O)] hv{lg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hv{ofO gf) hv{ofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
hv{ofOg ;) lqm) hv{lg] kflg huN6fOg . hv{ofpg k|]) lqm) != hv{f] kfg{ hv{l
hs{6fpg . @= l5KKofpg . hh{/ lj) [;+)] != a9fOFn] ;tfPsf] a"9f] j[4 . @= yf]lqPsf]
hL0f{ kfgf] . #= 66]km6]sf] vl08t . > hh{lt lj) != hh{ ePsf] hL0f{ . @= yf]ofOPs
f] . hlt{n gf) [;+)] h\unL ltn jgltn l;l;ltn . htL{ gf) [;+) Hjn] != cGgkftx ;s], p
5lP gi6 ePsf] c+z v] hfg] efu htf{ . @= a;f{bsf] sdL v8]L ;Svf . #= zLdf udL{ a9
udL{sf] Joyf . $= ;grfFbLsf uxgf agfpFbf 36\g uPsf] c+z . hbf{ gf) [kmf) hbf] kfg
cflbdf xfn] vfg tof kflPsf] ;ulGwt ;tL{ hbf . hg{n gf) [c\)] sg} cflwsfls ;\3;
leGg ljifosf Pj+ cg;Gwfgd"ns n]vxsf] ;\sng uL k|sflzt ulPsf] klqsf . hg]n { gf) [c\
hgn] ;}lgs ;]jfdf cltyL jf k|wfg ;]gfklteGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] pRr clws[t hgn . > hg]n
{ L lj) hg]n { sf] hg]n { ;DaGwL hg]n { sf 9fFrfsf] (wfs, afkm, vfGsL cflb) . hkm{ lq
) lj) [c) d")] != hdhdfpg vf]h] hdfpg] rfn;Fu rndnfpFb} . gf) @= To:tf] rfn jf k|of
; . > hkm{fO hkm{fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hkm{fOg s) lqm) hkm{ofpg] sfd ulg .
{fpg c) lqm) hkm{ ug]{ xg hd{fpg rndnfpg . hkm{lg c) lqm) != hkm{fpg] xf]O
bkm{lg . ha{6f] gf) [hf] a6f]] != cf}ifwLdf sfd nfUg] hf];lxtsf] a6f] hLa6L . @
x;lxtsf] afF;sf] km]b . #= sfgsf] k]mb slG;L knfpg] 7fpF . hd{g lj) [c\)] != hd{gL b]
zsf] afl;Gbf hd{gLsf] hd{gL;DaGwL . gf) @= hd{gLsf] efiff, ;+:s[lt jf hflt . ~ l;n
]al;Na gf) hd{gL k|ljlwcg;f h:tf, tfdf lgsnsf] ld>0faf6 ag]sf] ;]tf] sf] efF8fsF
fpg]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hnhnhnkfq k"Ho hgsf kfp wf]Psf] kfgL r0ffd[t r0ff]bs . #= ljlzi6 JolQmnfO{ vfg lbOg]
z4 jf ;kmf kfgL . $= u\uf cflb gbLsf] rf]vf] kfgL kljq kfgL . ~ pGo" gf) kftaf6 hf
lg:sg] hfaf6 klg la?jf pd|g] Ps lsl;dsf] pGo" . ~ s06s gf) kfgLkmn l;Fu8f . ~ sGGof
gf) kf0fdf jl0f{t, dflg;sf cfsfsL ;GbL sGGof hnkL gfusGGof . ~ sk" gf) 5 OGrhlt n
r]K6f] cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] df5f] . ~ skf]t gf) gbLsf tLdf a:g] k]jfsf hftsf] kIfL kfgLk
jf hnk]jf . ~ sSs6 gf) kfgLsv  f] l;dsvf] . ~ s]ln gf) kfgLdf kf}8L v]Ng] kfg
5fk cflb ug]{ uL ulg] qmL8f hnqmL8f . ~ sf}jf gf) kfgLsfu . ~ lqmof gf) hn ck{0f u]
xnfO{ lbOg] tk{0f hnf~hln . ~ qmL8f gf) != gbL, tnfp cflbdf ojsojtL jf gfosgflosf
n] k:kdf kfgL 5fkf5fk cflb u] fufTds cfgGb lng] uL v]Ng] v]n hns]ln hnljxf . @=
g] jf v]Ng] sfd . ~ If]q gf) k[YjLsf ;txdf kfgLn] 9fs]hltsf] efu hndUg If]q . vfO{
gf) sg} sfddf nfUg jf lg:sgcl3sf] xNsf vfgf rd]gf . u8f gf) k]6df kfgL hd] ljsf k
}bf eO{ pTkGg xg] f]u hnf]bf . ~ ult lj1fg gf) hnsf] k|jfxnfO{ cWoog ug]{ zf:q . ~
u}8f gf) kfgLdf a:g] u}F8fh:tf] hgfj kfgLu}F8f . ~ uf]nfw{ gf) kfgLsf] ;tx w]} kg]{ u
]nfw{ blIf0fL uf]nfw{ . ~ u|x gf) hnf]b . r gf) kfgLdf a;] hLljsf ug]{ hgfj hnhLj
L hnhGt' . ~ lrlsT;f gf) k|fs[lts lrlsT;fk4lt cg;f k]6sf] ljsfnfO{ ;fkm ug{ sg} oGq
k]6df kfgL xn] ulg] pkrf hnf]krf . h lj) != kfgLdf pTkGg xg] hndf k}bf xg] . @
Ldf pTkGg jf k}bf ePsf] j:t (sdn, z\v, l;kL, l;FjfnL, df5f] O)) . ~ hGt gf) hnr .
~ hDa gf) kfgLdf xg] hfdg kfgLhfdg . hLjL lj) != kfgLaf6 hLljsf rnfpg] . gf)
@= 8f rnfP hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ JolQm dfemL . hnhn lqm) lj) [;+) hn (l))] kfgL g} kfgL
eP ynyn . > hnhnfpbf] lj) tftf] kfgL jf cfufn] kf]n] cyjf cGo s'g} sf0fn] kmf]sf p7]
gLkfgL elPsf] . hnhn] lj) kfgLkfgL ePsf] kfgL vl6f] kfgL r9]sf] (k"mn, kmf]sf], 3fp c
flb) . gf) t]x|y'd lhNnfsf] Pp6f k|l;4 7fpF . hnhft lj) [;+)] != kfgLd} pTkGg x'g]
hnaf6 k}bf ePsf] . gf) @= sdn, z
\v, df5f cflb . #= hnhGt' . hn 8d?dWo gf) [;+)] b
'O6f ;d'b| jf vf8LxnfO{ hf]8\g] kfgLsf] ;fF3 ' f] efu hn;+of]hs . hn t
\u gf) [;+)] !=
;
\uddsf cyjf lrlgofF df6fsf
454

;f]x|j6f jf P3fj6f srf}fdf kfgL e] jf lQ} klg 58Ln] xfg] Wjlg pTkGg uL ahfOg] Ps afh
@= To:tf] afhfsf] Wjlg jf zAb . #= kfgLsf] t
\u 5fn nx . hntf;L lj) [;+) hnqf;] kfgL
Vtf 8fpg] hnqf; x'g] . hnqf; gf) [;+)] != kfgL b]Vbf jf 5'Fbf 8fpg] Ps f]u . @= kfgL
b]v] x'g] eo . #= ax'nfxf s's'sf] 6f]sfOaf6 x'g] ax'nfxfkg . hnbfg gf) [;+)] != b]j
lkt[xnfO{ lbOg] hnf~hln tk{0f . @= j}zfv z'Sn t[tLofsf lbg ux's F f] ;ft';u F afFl
8g] ;j{t . > hnbfgL gf) kfgL rnfpg] nf]6f;xsf] ;fgf] efF8f] hnkfq . hnb'u { gf) [;+)
] ;d'b|, vf8L jf gbLn] 3]lPsf] lsNnf kfgLsf ;Ldfn] 3]]sf] ;'lIft 7fpF . hn b]jtf gf)
[;+)] hnsf clwi7ftf j?0fb]jtf . hn b|Jo gf) [;+)] kfgLdf k}bf x'g] df]tL, d'uf, z
\v
cflb cd"No j:t' ;fd'lb|s d"Nojfg\ kbfy{ . hnw lj) [;+)] != kfgL wf0f ug{ ;Sg] hnwf0f
ug]{ . gf) @= d]3 afbn . #= ;d'b| . dfnf gf) du0f, eu0f, ;u0f, du0f ePsf] rf cIfdf
lt x'g] Ps 5Gb . hnwff gf) [;+)] ?b|fr{g ubf{ lzjhLnfO{ lgGt :gfg ufpg kfgLsf] wff v;
lng], Kjfn ePsf] hnkfq hnwfL . > hnwfL gf) hnwff, hnxL . hnlw gf) [;+)] ;d'b| . hnw]
gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f bfg ugf{sf nflu hnsf] k"0f{ s'Dedf sNkgf ulg] ufO{ . hng gf) [;
+) Hjng] != kf]Ng] jf 8xg] l:ylt 6fpg] cj:yf . @= zfLls jf dfgl;s 8fx c;x tfk . #= O{
of{ 8fx . kmng lj) vfFbfv]l w]} tftf] x'g] kf]Ng] vfnsf] tftf] (eft, bfn cflb vfg]s'
. zLn lj) hNg] jf kf]Ng] u'0f ePsf] . hnlglw gf) [;+)] != ;d'b| dxf;fu . @= Hof]lti
fdf rf c
\ssf] ;"rs zAb . hnk gf) [;+) hnkq] s'g} wft' cflbdf nufOg] csf]{ wft'sf] k
uflnPsf] kftnf] n]k df]nDaf . @= ;fx|} kftnf] wft' . hn kIfL gf) [;+)] gbL, tnfp c
flbsf lsgfdf a;] df5f cflb hnhGt'sf] cfxf ug]{ kIfL rf] kfgLrf] (xfF;, rv]jf, as'Nnf
lb) . hn ky gf) [;+)] != ;d'b|, gbL, tfn cflbdf hxfh, 8'
\uf cflb rnfpg] lgwf{lt dfu
{ hndfu{ . @= kfgLsf] lgsf; gx s'nf] . hnkfq gf) [;+)] kfgL xfNg] jf kfgL vfg] sfddf
k|of]u

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

455

hnkfghn;f n8fOF . hn of]u gf) [;+)] k|f0f hfg] a]nfdf tNnf] c
\uaf6 k|f0f ghfcf];\ e
gL sDd;Dd kfgLdf 8'afpg] sfd cw{hn . hn fIf;L gf) [;+)] fdfo0fk|l;4, Iff/;d'b|df xg]
s fIf;L . hn flz gf) [;+)] kfgLsf] cyfx flz hnsf] ;d"x . @= ;fu ;d'b| . #= ;f]j t
jfo' gf) [;+)] s'g} klg :yfgsf] k|fs[lts jf jftfjl0fs l:ylt xfjfkfgL . hn jfik gf) [
;+)] kfgLaf6 aGg] afkm hnLo jfik . hn lj1fg gf) [;+)] kfgL;DaGwL ljleGg tj zlQm cfl
bsf] cWoog ulg] zf:q . ~ cfof] u gf) hnlj1fg;DaGwL cWoogcg';Gwfg cflb sfo{ ug]{ ;
flwsf ;ldlt jf c
\u . hn ljgfos gf) [;+)] sf7df8f}Fb]lv b'O{ dfOn blIf0fdf kg]{ rf]
efdf x]sf u0f]z rf ljgfosdWo] Ps . hn ljof]hg gf) [;+)] emf8fafGtf cflbaf6 zLsf] kfg
flx lg:sFb} hfgfn] zLnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ kfgLsf] dfqf sd x'g] l:ylt . hn ljefhs gf) [;+
)] b'O{ltsf gbLnfO{ 5'fpg] aLrsf] cUnf] e"ld b'O{ eFufnfsf aLrdf x]sf] e"efu . hn ljx
f gf) [;+)] gbL, tnfp ;d'b|df hxfh, 8'
\uf cflbff ulg] ;} jf ofqf hnofqf . hn zlQm
)] kfgLaf6 k|fKt x'g] ljB't\ cflb zlQm . hnzfoL gf) [;+)] hndf zog ug]{ b]jtf lji0
f' . hn ;+of]hs gf) [;+)] b'O6f 7"nf ;d'b| jf ;funfO{ hf]8\g] ;fF3 ' f] 7fpF hn8d?dWo
. hn ;+of]hg gf) [;+)] sg} sf0faf6 zLdf sdL ePsf] kfgL k"f ug{ j}1flgs k|ljlwff kf
k|jz ] ufpg] lqmof kgh{nLo pkrf . hn ;+If0f gf) [;+)] To;} v] uOx]sf] kfgLnfO{ pkof
f Nofpg] sfd ljBt\pTkfbg, l;FrfO cflbsf lglDt ulg] kfgLsf] ;+If0f . hn ;+:sf gf) [;+
)] != gxfpg] sfd gxfO :gfg . @= dbf{nfO{ kfgLdf aufO{ ulg] clGtd lqmof jf ;+:sf zj
sf] hnk|jfx hn;dflw . hn ;tx gf) [;+) hn c) ;tx] kfgLsf] tx afa ePsf] 7fpF kfgLsf] gfk
]n] ;tx 5g] uL 7Ls kflPsf] 7fpF jf j:t . hn ;dflw gf) [;+)] != cfg} OR5fn] kfgLdf
8a] dg]{ sfd kfgLdf 8a] ulg] k|f0fTofu . @= sg} j:t kfgLdf 8Ag] jf 8afOg] sfd
. hn;f gf) [c) hN;] != ufgahfg cflbsf] cfof]hgf u]

ulg] efF8f] hnbfgL kfgLsf] efF8f] . { Gbf klxn] jf sg} e]nf cflbdf hnkfg gf) [;+)]
ef]hg uge vfOg] xnsf vfg]s  f] rd]gf hnvfO{ . hn kffjt gf) [;+)] hnskf]t, kfgLk]jf
. hn lkKnf gf) [;+)] sfF8fjfn nflDrnf kft xg] lkKnfsf h:t} kmn kmNg], l;d;f hldgd
f pd|g] Ps hftsf] nxf] jf ;f]xL nxfsf] kmn . hn lkzfr gf) [;+)] kfgLdf 8a] jf au] d]
f sf0fn] pTkGg xg] eGg] nf]sljZjf; ePsf] tyfslyt e"tk|t ] hnk|]t . hn kik gf) [;
+)] kfgLdf pd|g] sdn cflbsf] k"mn . hn k|kft gf) [;+)] sg} pRr :yfgaf6 v;]sf] kf
gLsf] wff] hnkmfn k|fs[lts emgf 5xf] . hn k|no gf) [;+)] ;Dk"0f{ k[YjL kfgLdf 8a ]
pg] cj:yf k|nosfndf k[YjL hnfDd] xg] l:ylt . hn k|jfx gf) [;+)] != j]un] au]sf kf
gLsf] wff] kfgLsf] axfO . @= zj jf cGo sg} j:t kfgLdf aufpg] sfd . hn k|f0fL gf)
[;+)] hnhGt hnr . hnk|foM lj) [;+)] != gbL, tfn cflb w]} ePsf] kfgL w]} xg] . gf) @
To:tf] e"efu jf :yfg . hnkmfn gf) [hn kmfn] cUnf] 7fpFaf6 v;]sf] hnk|jfx 5fFuf] 5xf]
mgf hnk|kft . hnaGw gf) [;+)] kfgL f]Sg] jf 5]Sg] afFw t6aGw . hn laGb gf) [;+)] cfF
fsf sf];leq rfk a9] cfFvf x]g{ gxg] f]u df]ltlaGb df]ltoflaGb . hn aba \b  gf)
[;+)] kfgL aUbf jf cGo sg} sf0faf6 p7\g] kmf]sf] kfgLsf] kmf]sf] . hndUg lj) [;+)]
kfgLn] rn{Dd 8a]sf] hnfdo ePsf] hnfDd] . hn d08n gf) [;+)] k[YjLdf x]sf] ;Dk"0f{
kfgLsf] efu . hndo lj) [;+)] ;a}lt kfgLkfgL ePsf] rf}lt kfgLn] 9flsPsf] hnfDd] . hn
fu{ gf) [;+)] != hxfh, 8u \ f cflb lxF8g \ ] af6f] ;dbL | dfu{ hnky . @= kfgL, 9n
cflbsf] lgsf; gfnL 8F8 . #= gx snf] . hn oGq gf) [;+)] != Ogf, sjf cflbsf] kfgL tf
g] jf lemSg] oGq . @= kfgL38L . hn oftfoft gf) [;+)] hnky hndfu{ . hnofqf gf) [;+)]
7"n7"nf gbL, ;db| cflbdf hxfh, 8\uf cflbaf6 ulg] ofqf . > hnofqL gf) hnofqf ug]{
JolQm . hn ofg gf) [;+)] gbL, ;db| cflbdf lxF8\g] ;jfL ;fwg (kfgLhxfh, 8\uf, gfp
cflb) . hn o4 gf) [;+)] gbL jf ;db|df ulg] n8fOF hxfhL

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hnl;dfnLhN;f dgfOg] dfOnf] ;dff]x hN;f . @= ;ef ;ldlt . #= sg} ljlzi6 cj;sf] clwj]zg
. hnl;dfnL gf) [;+) hnz}jfn] kfgLdlGt 9\uf cflbdf knfpg] xlof] ofp l;dfnL . hn;]s g
[;+)] != kljq kfg]{ jf zflGt:jl:t ug]{ p2]Zon] ulg] cleif]s hn;]rg . @= kfgLff ulg] l
;FrfO af]6la?jf cflbdf kfgL 5s{g] sfd . hn ;]gf gf) [;+)] o4kf]t, hxfh, 8\uf cflb
ofgdf a;] ;db|df o4 ug]{ ;]gf ;fdlb|s ;]gf ;db|L kmf}h . klt gf) hn;]gfsf ;jf]R
{ r clws[t gf};g ] fsf k|dv  . hn ;|f]t gf) [;+)] sg} klg gbL, tnfp cflbsf] d"n
af6 aUg] kfgLsf] wff kfgLsf] k|jfx . hnxL gf) [;+) hnwL] lzjln\udfly kfgLsf] wff rx
] lkFwdf l5b| ePsf] tfdfsf] kfq hnwff . hnx:tLhnxfQL gf) [;+) hnx:tL] blIf0f dxf;fudf
xg] sfnf] sf] xfQLh:tf] k|f0fL kfgLxfQL . hnfO gf) [ hn\ ( cfO)] != hNg] efj, lqmof
f k|lqmof . [hnfp cfO] gf) @= hnfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hnfOg s) lqm) h
nfpg] sfd ulg ;NsfOg . hnfpg ;) lqm) != gi6 ug]{ p2]Zon] sfutkq, sk8f cflb ;Nsfp
g 89fpg . @= vfs kfg{sf lglDt dbf{ cflb kf]Ng . #= bMv nfUg] sf jf Jojxf u] csf
dg bvfpg . $= sg} d\unsfo{sf] k|fDe ubf{ jf k"hfcfhfsf a]nfdf lbof], aQL cflb
afNg jf ;Nsfpg . hnfh lj) hg;s} sfdsf] ug]{ ls gug]{ eGg] cfF6 jf lxDdt gePs
f] (JolQm) . hnf~hln gf) [;+)] != b]jtfnfO{ r9fOg] jf lkt[xnfO{ clk{g] hn tk{0f . @
= Ps cFhnL hn cFhnLe kfgL . hnft\s gf) [;+)] af}nfxf ss  , :ofn cflbn] 6f]Stf xg
] kfgL b]Vgf;fy 8n] cflQg], tl;{g] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . hnftfn lj) [hn tfn] ;a}lt kfgL e
] kfgL hd] tfn ag]sf] hnfDd] hndUg hndo . hnfwf gf) [;+)] hnfzo tnfp . hnflwk gf)
nb]jtf j?0f . hnfDd] lj) [;+) hndo] ;a}lt kfgLkfgL ePsf] hnftfn . hnfL gf) [ hnxL]
jf tnfp cflbdf hfn v]n] jf aN5L yfk] df5f dfg]{ JolQm hn]? . hnfjtf gf) [;+) hn cjtf
fgL3f6df hfg] jf cf]ng { ] af6f] hxfh, 8\uf cflb f]lsP dflg; jf cGo ;fdfg cf]n{g]pq
g] 7fpF . hnfjt{ gf) [;+)] kfgLdf kg]{ edL kfgLsf] edL . hnfzo gf) [;+) hn cfzo] kfg
xg] 7fpF (kf]vL, tnfp, Ogf, sjf cflb) kfgL3f6 .
456

hnLo lj) [;+)] kfgLaf6 tof ePsf] hn;DaGwL hn;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] . hnsf] gf) [;+) hnfn] l
;d k]sf 7fpFdf knfpg], d:of}f cflb agfpFbf gd kfg{ dl;gf 6qmf kf] ld;fOg], ;fgf] hft
sf] vfg xg] dfg] kfgLdfg] . hnjf lj) [hn\ pjf] hNg] vfnsf] hNg] . hn]vf] gf) [;+) Hj
fnf Pvf]] 3leqsf] w"jfF aflx hfg] 7fpF ef}K F jfn . hn]jf gf) [;+) hn]le] kfgLdf a:g]
Ps hftsf] sfnf] rf] . hn]z gf) [;+) hn O{z] hnsf b]jtf j?0f . hn]Zj gf) [;+)] != g]kfn
f] dWodf~rn If]qcGtu{t hgsk c~rndf kg]{ dxf]QL lhNnfsf] ;bdsfd . @= ;f]xL :yfgdf
cjl:yt dxfb]jsf] dlGb . #= ;db| . $= j?0f . hnf]9 lj) [hn cf]6] kfFuf] ldl;Psf] . g
f) To:tf] kfgL . ~ k\vf gf) kxf8 jf kxfsf] km]bdf gbLn] kfFuf] df6f] ykf] agfPsf] k\
fsf cfsfsf] hldg . hnf]b gf) [;+)] k]6df kfgL hDgfn] xg] f]u hnu|x . hnf]bl \ eb gf)
[;+)] kfgL hd]s} 7fpFdf jf kfgL eOxg] 7fpFdf pd|g] af]6la?jf . hnf]krf gf) [;+)] x]
) hnlrlsT;f . hnf}sf gf) [;+)] hsf] . hnf}bf] gf) [;+) hlgt cf}bf]] ev{ hGd]sf] ;fng
fn;lxtsf] af5f], kf8f] cflb kzsf] gjhft lzz . hnf}f gf) [hn cf}f] zLsf f]ds"kdf p7
fgL hDg] dl;gf kmf]sf vl6f . hlNsg c) lqm) [c) d") hNs O g] lalRsg tl5{g . > hNSof
) hlNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hNSofOg s) lqm) laRSofOg . hNSofpg k|) ] lqm)
laRSofpg . hNbfhNbL lqm) lj) [c) hNb hNbL] hlt ;Stf] l56f] xg ;Sbf] rfF8f] t?Gtft
?Gt} zL3|fltzL3| . hNbL lqm) lj) [c)] l56f] t?Gt} em rfF8f] zL3| . afhL gf) xtf
3|tf . hNk gf) [;+)] != kmhnsf] sf asjfb . @= t\uL vfnsf] egfO jf syg . #= ts{ . >
hNks lj) af]Ng lgs} l;kfn af]n}of jfSrt ukmL . hNkghNkgf gf) != xg g;Sg] jf lagl;
f w]} sf asjfb . @= egfO syg . hlNkt lj) != af]n]sf] elgPsf] slyt . @= wfs 5f]l8Psf
m xfFlsPsf] . hNnfb gf) [c)] != kmfF;Lsf] ;hfo kfPsf JolQmnfO{ kmfF;Ldf emG8fpg]
jf wflnf] xltofn] lz sf6\g] JolQm . lj) @= ;fx|} qm" tyf lgb{o (JolQm) . hN;f gf) [c)
hN;] x]) hn;f .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

457

hjlgsfhxf h;f] lqm) lj) [h:tf]] h]h'g lsl;dsf] h:tf]t:tf] . t;f] lqm) lj) s'g} g s'g
tlsfn] o]gs]g k|sf]0f h;L eP klg . h:s]nf] gf) 3sf] d"n 9f]sfafx]ssf] sf]N6]klsf u
vPsf] csf]{ 9f]sf kfZj{f pkf . h:tf gf) [;+) h;b] != s]xL sfnf] jf gLnf] vfnsf] ;]tf
g] vlgh wft' . @= h:tfkftf ss{6kftf . h:tfsf] t:tf] lj) [;+) oyftyf] klxn]s} h:tf]
k
\u jf cfsfk|sfsf] h:tfsf] t:t} oyfjt\ pxL g} p:t} . h:tf kftf gf) [h:tfkftf]]
cflb 5fpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg], aLraLrdf vf]N;Lvf]N;L k]sf] h:tfsf] kftf ss{6kftf h:tf
. h:t} lqm) lj) [h:tf]P]] != h:tf] g}, h:tf] eP klg h:tf];'s} . @= b[i6fGtsf lglDt
pbfx0ffy{ . h:tf] lj) [;+) oyf] != h:tf] k|sfsf] 5 To:tf] h'g lsl;dsf] . lqm) lj) @=
h:t} pbfx0ffy{ . t:tf] lj) lhgltg ;fdfGo dfd'nL . ;'s } lj) != h'gs'g} eP klg x'
gx'g] vfnsf] h'g lsl;ds} h:tf] g} . lqm) lj) @= h:tf];s ' } h:t} eP klg . hx8L lj)
[hx8O{] != ulxf] c; ug]{ k|efj gkfL g5f8\g] cr"s (cf}ifwL) . lj) @= cfgf] JolStTjn]
k|efj kfg]{ x}sd ePsf] aflkmnf] . #= w]d } Wo] d'Vo k|wfg . gf) $= s'g} ljifo jf j:t'
sf] d'Vo sf0f d"ntj d'Vo s'f] . hxT:jfy{ lj) [;+)] zAb jf jfSosf] clewfy{nfO{ r 5f8]
ko{nfO{ u|x0f ug]{ nIf0ffsf ljleGg e]bdWo] Ps nIf0f . hxbhxNnIf0ff gf) [;+)] zAb
jf jfSodf x]sf] d"n cy{nfO{ s]xL c+zdf Tofu ug]{ s]xL c+zdf gofF cy{df u|x0f ug]{
, nIf0ffsf ljleGg e]bdWo]sf] Ps nIf0ff . hx gf) [kmf) hx|] xnfxn ljif . aft gf) zLd
ljs[t ePkl5 lgl:sg] ljiffQm vl6f] . jft gf) ljs[t kfgL hd] c08j[l4 x'g] Ps f]u c08j
l4sf] f]u . > hxlnf] lj) hx ePsf] ljiftj;lxtsf] ljiffQm ljiffn' . hxNnIf0ff gf) [;
wfut cy{nfO{ Tofu] clek|]t jf nlIft cy{ a'emfpg] nIf0ff hxT:jfy{ . hxf lqm) lj) [;+)
oq] != h'g 7fpFdf h'g :yfgdf . @= h'g a]nf h'g avt ha . ~ sxL lqm) lj) sxLF g sxLF h
fF eP klg ;a} 7fpFdf hxfFtxLF htftt} . txf lqm) lj) h'g;'s} 7fpFdf hxfF kfof] ToxLF
nfu]sf] 7fpFdf hxfFsxLF . txL lqm) lj) htftt} hxfFtxfF g} hqtq ;j{q . ;'s } lqm)
g;'s} 7fpFdf htf;'s} ;j{q ;a}lt .

hjlgsf gf) [;+)] != kbf{ . @= gf6s cflbdf d~rdf nufOg] kbf{ . #= kfnsf jlkl jf ofn9f
]sf cflbdf nufOg] kbf{ zfo . hjfdb{ lj) [kmf)] != k"0f{ tGg]L nf7] k"} x'ls{Psf] .
= gjo'js . > hjfdbL{ gf) != hjfFdb{ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= jLtf axfb'L . hjf! gf)
;+) hkf] tfafhfx agfOg] x:tLxf8 jf wft'af6 ag]sf] ;fwg . hjf@ gf) [;+) oj] != hldg;
DaGwL k'fgf] gfkLcg';f f]kgLsf] rf}yfO c+z rf cfgf Ps d'L df6f] . @= 3 agfpg] hUufs
kLcg';f rf}aL; c
\u'n jf Ps xftafasf] gfkf] . lj) #= Tolt kldf0fsf] (v]t hUuf) . hjfO
f) [hfg'cfO] hfg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hjf s:t"L gf) [;+)] s:t"Lh:t} ;'ulGwt, Ps
k|sfsf] emfsf] a'6L jf cf}ifwL . hjf s';d ' gf) x]) hkfs';'d . hjfvf gf) [;+) ojIff
f}sf] vfaf6 ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] g'g ojIff hjfg lj) [kmf)] != h'g;'s} k|f0fLsf] t?0f cj:
yf o'js kf] t?gf] tGg]L . @= JolQm j6f hgf (Ps hjfg, b'O{ hjfg, kfFr hjfg O)) . #=
L . > hjfgL gf) hjfg x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf of}jg tf?0o a}F; . hjflxft gf) [c)] Tg, d
l0fSo cflb ax'd"No wft' h'xft . h;! gf) [;+) oz] ;dfhdf s'g} fd|f] sfd u]afkt kfOg] j
f b]zljb]z;Dd km}ng] ;'sLlt{ enf] sfd u]afktsf] k|z+;f :ofaf;L oz . h;@ ;j{) [k|f) h:
; < ;+) o:o] ljelQm nfUbf x'g] hf] zAbsf] k (h;nfO{, h;n], h;sf], h;df O)) . s; ;j{)
hf] sf] ;j{gfddf ljelQm k|Too nfUbf aGg] lto{s\ k . (pbf) h;s;sf] s'f ;'g] l;fp
f]Og) . s;} ;j{) hf]sf]xL h;t; . t; hf], Tof] ;j{gfddf ljelQm jf k|Too nfUbf ;fj{gf
lds lto{s\ k (pbf) h;t;nfO{ ljZjf; ug'{ fd|f] xf]Og) . h;L lqm) lj) [h;f]uL] h;f] u
g} tlsfn] h:tf k|sf;Fu . t;L lqm) lj) s'g} lsl;dn] h]h;f] u] eP klg h;f]t;f] uL
0f h]gt]g . hl;nf] lj) [h;Onf]] h; kfpg] h; ldNg] h; x'g] h;ldNbf] . h;' gf) [;+) oz
gf;sf] syfdf jl0f{t Ps kfq . h;] gf) [h; P] != gt{sx;Fu bfFlhP 76f}nf] kffdf bz{sxn
 ldrLldrL xF;fpg] kfq Ps k|sfsf] ljb"ifs hf]s 9F6jf] . lj) @= h; kfpg] :ofaf;L kfpg
;nf] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hxfhhft] hxfh gf) [c)] 7"n7"nf gbL, vf8L ;d'b|df rNg], sf7, kmnfd, l;Ne cflb j:t'af6
ag]sf] dflg;x cfjthfjt ug]{ jf ;fdfg cf];fk;f ug]{ ;fwg hnofg hnkf]t . ~ 8'Ag' 6') !
hxfgs]6fs]6Ln] 7"nf] b'Mv kfpg] x'g' . @= l;Lv'L :jfxf x'g' . ~ fgL gf) != hnofg ;~
rfng tyf Joj:yfkg;DaGwL ljefu jf sfo{ . @= k|d'v hxfh . hxfhL lj) [hxfhO{] hxfh;Da
GwL hxfh;Fu ;DalGwt hxfhsf] . ~ s]f gf) Ps k|sfsf] :jflbnf] s]f . ~ gljn gf) 7"nf]
] gljn gljnsf ljleGg hftdWo] Ps . ~ gx gf) hxfh rNg ;Sg] 7"nf] gx gbL jf ;d'b|af6 lg
nPsf], hxfh rNg] 7"nf] s'nf] . ~ ;'kfL gf) l;
\ufk'df x'g] jf kfOg] Ps hftsf] ;'kfL 7"
f hftsf] ;'kfL . hxfg gf) [kmf) hxfF] != Ps} efG;fdf vfg] JolQm Psf3sf dflg; . @= :j
f:gLsf lgldQ nf]Ug] jf nf]Ug]sf lgldQ :jf:gL a'emfpg] zAb ;f] cy{df :jf:gL jf kTg
L nf]Ug] jf klt . kljf gf) Ps} kljfsf ;fgf7"nf ;a} dflg; Ps} kljfsf ;b:o . ~ aRr
kljf . > hxflgof lj) != 7"nf] hxfg ePsf] 7"nf] kljfsf] . @= Ps} kljf;Fu ;DalGwt h
ldnLh'nL ;~rflnt jf pkef]u ulx]sf] (hxflgofF aGbf]a:t, hxflgofF zf;g O)) . hlxn] lq
m) lj) [k|f) hx < ;+) olx{] h'g a]nf hltv] h'g ;dodf h'g avt . ;'s } lqm) lj) h'g;'s
;dodf hlxn] eP klg h'g a]nf klg . hfu gf) [;+) hfu] s'g} klg sfd ug{ dgdf pTkGg ePsf
pT;fx ldlxg]t ug]{ pT;fx jf :k"mlt{ cN5Lkgfsf] cefj . ~ d?jf lj) s'g} sfd ug]{ jf
ldlxg]t ug]{ hfFu gePsf] cN5L cfn;L lg?Bf]uL . > hfulof lj) sfd jf ldlxg]t ug]{ hfFu
f] hfFulnf] ldlxg]tL kl>dL pT;fxL pBdL . hfulnf] lj) hfFulof . hfuL gf) [huO{
] tnf 3sf] ;aeGbf tNnf] efu e'OFtnf . hf3 gf) [;+) h
\3f] != 3'F8fb]lvdflysf] v'fsf]
j lt3|f] h
\3f p? . @= ;'?jfnsf b'O{ v08nfO{ hf]8g \ ] aLrsf] efu . jfn lj) != lt3|]
;lt3|] df]6f] . @= hfF3 ePsf] . #= 7"nf] hfF3 ePsf] (h:tf] hfF3jfn ;'?jfn) . > hfl3
ofhf3] gf) != sDdb]lv 3'F8f;Dd dfq k'Ug] Ps lsl;dsf] ;'?jfn s6\6' . lj) @= 7"nf hfF3
x'g] e';lt3|] hfF3jfn . hfr \ g ;) lqm) [hfFr g] != x] ] jf ljrf u] 7Lsa]7Ls, c
]Uocof]Uo 5fpg kLIf0f ug{ kfv ug{ . @= hfFr lng .
458

hfr gf) [;+) ofrgf] != 7Lsa]7Ls, of]Uocof]Uo, ;fFrf]em " 6f] s]s:tf] 5 egL 5fglag
ug]{ sfd kfv 5fglag 5fgljrf . @= ljBfyL{n] kf7qmd k"f u]kl5 sIff jf txdf pQL0f{ x'
lu lnlvt jf df}lvs pQ lbg] sfo{ kLIff . #= To:tf] kLIff lng] sfo{ . ~ cfof]usld;g gf)
!= s'g} ljz]if jf c;fdfGo 36gfnfO{ lnP ;To x]t' kQf nufpgsf nflu Ps jf w] JolQmsf]
5fglag ;ldlt . @= To;L 5fglag u] lg0f{o lbg] jf k|ltj]bg k|:t't ug]{ ;ldlt . > hfrs
L gf) != hfFRg] JolQm kLIfs . @= lgLIfs . lj) #= kfvL hfFr lng] . ~ k8tfn gf) != hfF
] klrfng hfFRg] sfdsf] ;~rfng hfFra'em vf]htnf; . @= cg';Gwfg vf]hL w'OFkQfn . hfra'
f) [hfFra'em] s'g} s'f] s]s:tf] 5 egL hfFRg] jf a'g] sfd s'g} s'f] kQf nufpg ulg] vf]
L vf]hLlgtL hfFrk8tfn . ~ cfof]u gf) hfFrcfof]u . ~ s]Gb| gf) b]zleqsf ;sfL cfvfgfdf
s:tf] tlsfn] sfdsfh ePsf] 5 egL hfFra'em ug{ s'g} sfof{non] u]sf] sfds'fsf ;DaGwdf
ph' kg{ cfPdf x]ljrf ug{, ;fy} b]zsf dxjk"0f{ kIfsf] n]vfhf]vf ug{ v8f ulPsf] Ps cf .
~ ;ldlt gf) k~rfotL Joj:yfdf sfo{kflnsfn] u]sf sfo{x 7Lsa]7Ls s]s:tf 5g\ eGg] kQf n
ufpg ag]sf] k~rxsf] ;ldlt . hflrg s) lqm) [hfFr \ O g] != hfFr ulg kLIff lnOg .
rsf] kfq xf]Og . hf7fhf7f] gf) [;+) h6f] != hfF7f] . @= k'?ifsf lglDt Ps cZnLn ufnL
. #= lnsf] jlkl pd|g] f}F emfF6 zik . ~ hf7L gf) != cfOdfO{ k'?ifsf] ;d'bfo (cZn
f) . @= df]fdf]L . > hfF7L gf) cfOdfO{nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ulg] cZnLn zAb . hf8 gf)
= pl;g]sf] cGg s'xfP drf{ ldnfO{ lems]sf] g;f nfUg] ; cGg s'xfP agfOPsf] 3]n' dBljz]i
f 5f
lguf . @= fd|L zf]wg gulPsf] g]kfnL z}nLsf] lao . ~ kfgL gf) lkpFbf dft nfUg]
flb gzfn' kbfy{ hfF8S;L . hft gf) [;+) ofqf] != cfgf] ufpFsL d'Vo b]jLsf] k|To]s jif{
ulg] zf]efofqf . @= b]jofqf hfqf . #= dfOnf] b[Zoflbsf] tfFtL lxF8fpg] sfo{ emfFsL
. hft ] lj) [hfFtf]P] != hfFtf]h:tf] rfSnf] af6'nf] cfsfsf] . @= hfFtf] 3'dh ] :tf] 3
'Dg] (lk
cflb) . ~ lsf] gf) hfFtf]h:tf] sLf] lrKn]sLf] . ~ t?n gf) hldgleq kmNg] hfF
sf cfsfsf] t?n t?nsf] Ps k|sf . ~ y'g gf) gemf]lNnO{ 5ftLd} c kg]{ 7"nf], uf]nf] ;f
] y'g . ~ bft gf) 7"nf] r]K6f] a
\uff] hfFt] a
\uff] . ~ lk
gf) b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

459

hftf]hfUgf dfn;fdfg cf];fk;f ug'{ dfn;fdfg 9'jfgL ug'{ hfUg' . hfVgf gf) dfn;fdfg cf
;f ug]{ e]8f jf Rof
\u|fsf] ayfg hfUgf . hfu\g c) lqm) [hfuf g] != Ao"e F mg lgb|f
g . @= cfgf] cj:yfk|lt ;r]t xg hfus aGg . #= af}g lapFtg xf];df cfpg . $= tGqd
qdf ljZjf; fVg]xsf cg;f e"t, k|]t, d;fg cflb k|ToIf jf ;lqmo xg . %= emf]lSsg h\l
ug lGsg hf]l;g . ^= knfpg . ;) lqm) &= v;L, rf}FL cflbsf] lkl7pFdf ;fdfg nbfP cf]
;fg{ hfVg . hfu0f gf) [;+)] != dflg;df xgk  g]{ cfgf] st{Jo tyf clwsfsf] af]w pb\
f]wg hfu[lt ;r]ttf . @= ehg sLt{g u] fte hfuf xg] sfd hfu|fd hfufg hfufd . z
xg] :jefjsf] hfUb} u]sf] lapFemg yfn]sf] . hfufghfufd gf) [ hfu|fd] x]) hfu|fd h
fus lj) [;+)] != pb\a4 hfu|t ;r]t . @= hfuf x]sf] Ao"Fem]sf] . #= xf]l;of ;ts{ .
hfuf xg] lqmof jf efj pb\a4tf ;r]ttf . hfuf lj) [hfu\ cf] != hfu]sf] Ao"Fem]sf] lgb|
vn]sf] . @= hfus ;ts{ . ~ xg 6) != lgb|faf6 p7\g lapFemg (ljz]if cfb hgfpFbf)
. @= l;n] r" xg rkr{08 xg . hflug c) lqm) [hfu\ O g] hfluPsf] xg . hfluq gf) [
hfu|t] \ nf}lss ljZjf;cg;f jfosf kdf cb[Zo cj:yfdf lxF8\g] d[tfTdf k|]t lkzfr hflu
t{ . hflu gf) [kmf) hfuL] != ;sfL jf u};sfL ;\3, ;+:yf, sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ k];f g
@= To;L sfd u]afkt lglZrt cjlwdf kfpg] uL tf]lsPsf] sd tna tgvf j]tg . #= dunsfnLg
df afbzfxsf tkm{af6 efbfnfO{ lbOg] pRr kb jf pQm kbsf] cfwfdf lbOg] e"efu . bf gf) !
hflu jf ;]jfdf x]sf] JolQm sd{rfL hflu] . @= dunsfnLg hflu k|fKt ug]{ pRr kbflwsf
j) #= hflujfn . > hflujfnhflu] lj) != sg} ;]jfdf x]sf] . gf) @= sd{rfL . hflut{ gf
hfluq . hfu[t lj) [;+) hfu|t\] != hfu]sf] lapFlemPsf] . @= xf];df cfPsf] af}lPsf] lap
FltPsf] . #= ;r]t xf]l;of hfus k|a4  . ~ HjfnfdvL gf) nfefx 5l6x]sf] HjfnfdvL
f] HjfnfdvL lhpFbf] HjfnfdvL . hfu[lt gf) [;+) hfult{] hfu0f hfuf . hfuf] lj) [hfuf
f]] x]) hfuf . hfUgf gf) [;+) oIf0f] != lxdfnjf;Lxn] dfn;fdfg nfb] cf];fk;f ug]{ e]8f
, Rof\u|f cflbsf] ayfg . @= To;L

a9L dflg; cgkft ldnfO{ Ps} rf]l6 a;L hfFtf]em}F 3dfP v]lng] lk . ~ lknf] gf) hfFt
f]h:tf] cfsfsf] rfSnf] af6nf] lknf] . ~ km;L{ gf) hfFtf]h:tf] af6nf], YofKrf] Pj
d\ 7"nf] hftsf] km;L{ . ~ a\uff] gf) hfFt] bfFt . hftf] gf) [;+) oGq] 9'
u \ f sf]q ]
Ft lgsfn]sf] Ps kmUn]6 F f] (kf]yL kmUn]6 F f]) tn fvL To;sf] aLrdf dfg] h8L To;}
uL sf]q] bfFt lgsflnPsf] csf]{ kmUn]F6f] (efn] kmUn]6 F f]) sf] aLr Kjfndf tNnf]
kmUn]6 F f]sf] dfg] 3';fL b'j} kmUn]6 F fnfO{ vK6fO{ dfg]sf] Kjfnaf6 cGgsf] 3fg l
5fO{ dflyNnf] kmUn]F6f]sf] Psf 5]psf] 8f]adf hl8Psf] xftf] kqmL ;f] kmUn]F6f]nfO{
3'dfO{ b'O{ kmUn]F6fsf ;
\3if{af6 cGg lkFWg] Ps 9'
\u] oGq . hfg c) lqm) [;+) ofg >
k|f) hf0f] != sg} rf}kfof, bf]kfof, k\vL cflb kfgf] 7fpFaf6 gofF 7fpFdf kUg jf
kUgsf nflu lxF8\g . @= lxF8], p8] jf u8] JolQm, j:t jf 7fpFnfO{ 5f]8L cGt} st}
kUg jf kUgsf nflu cl3 a9\g . #= xfjf, ;f; cflb v:sg pDsg . $= 5lg aflxlg
. %= dg{ . > hfO gf) hfg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > hfOg c) lqm) hfg] xf]Og uOg
. hfOkqL gf) [;+) hftL kqL] hfOkmnsf k"mnsf] jf dgfsf] ;s6L hfOkqL . hfOkmn gf) [
;+) hftL kmn] hfOd;nfsf] kmn . hfO{ gf) [;+) hftL] != ghflgFbf] ;]tf] kx]Fnf] sf] nxf
xg] af]6df kmNg] k"mn . @= hfOkmn jf hfOkqLsf] af]6 . hfpnL gf)x]) hfpnf] . hfp
n] lj) [hfpnf] P] hfpnf];DaGwL hfpnf]h:tf] hfpnfsf] . ~ uu6f] gf) w]} df;' x'g] Ps hf
] c;n uFu6f] leq u'bL w]} x'g] uFu6f] . hfpnf] gf) [;+) ojfu"nf]] rfdndf g'g ld;fO{
w]} kfgL xfn] ksfPsf] lunf] eft hfpnL . hfcf] gf) [;+) oj] n]sdf x'g] Ps hftsf] hf} l
jz]if k|sfsf] hf} hO{ . hfs\g ;) lqm) != an}n] xfNg hah:tL xfNg sf]Rg vfFb\g .
}b ug{ yGg . #= 7]nd7]n uL vfg sf]rg{ . hfs8hfs8L gf) [c) hvL] != s;}nfO{ fVg l
f wgdfn gf;f] . @= vr{ guL fv]sf] wgdfn f]s8 . #= ;fk6L jf C0f lnFbf lng]n] lbg]sxfF
v]sf] lwtf] wf}6L . lj) $= To;L gf;f], f]s8 jf lwtf]sf] kdf flvPsf] . hflsg s) lqm)
fs\ O g] != ;f\u|f] 7fpFdf sf]lrg vfFlbg . @= vf]df xlng jf ylgg . #= h]n cflbdf
kg{ s}b xg jf ylgg . $= ofFlsg jf flsg . c) lqm) %= km:g . hfv\g ;) lqm) vR
8, e]8f cflbsf lkl7pFdf fvL

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hfu|t\hflt dfn;fdfg 9jfgL ug]{ sfd . hfu|t \ lj) [;+)] ;hu ;r]t hfu]sf] Ao"Ft]sf] pb
a4 . ~ :jKg gf) hfu|t\ cj:yfdf ulPsf] :jlKgn sNkgf hfUbfhfUb} ulPsf] :jKgh:tf] sNkg
f lbjf:jKg . hfu|fd gf) [;+) hfu0f] ehgsLt{g u] fte hfuf xg] sfd hfufd hfufg h
hfF3 . > hf] gf) s6\6 hfF3] . hf\un lj) [;+)] h\undf xg] h\un;DaGwL . > hf\ulns
lhpFb} ;k{ ;dftL To;nfO{ grfO{, v]nfO{ hLljsf ug]{ JolQm ;k]f] ljifj}B . hfh gf) l;~h
fnL ;fd|fHosf ;+:yfks gfufhsf lgs} k:tfcl3sf k"j{h hfhsf]6 gfdsf w]} :ynxsf ;+:yfks
. sf]6 gf) e]L c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf fhf k[YjLdNnn] hlQml;+xnfO{ dxfd08nsf kdf lbPsf]
cfwfdf j}slNks kdf hlQmksf gfdn] ;d]t Oltxf;df k|l;4 Ps :yn . hfhNn] lj) [;+) hfHj
No] != hNbf]aNbf] . @= dfkfsf] . hfHjNo lj) [;+)] Hofb} rlDsnf] v"a pHofnf] k|sfzdf
g bLlKtdfg ef:j t]h:jL hNbf]aNbf] k|efjzfnL . dfg lj) x]) hfHjNo . hf7flUg gf) [
f x]sf] kfrgzLn tfk vfPsf] krfpg] tfk h7flUg . hf8 gf) [;+) h6s] != cfOdfO{n] em}F nf
]Ug] dflg;n] klg nfdf skfn kfNg] xFbf k|frLg sfndf g]kfnLxn] ef]6n ] LxnfO{ lbPsf
] gfd . @= Oltxf;k|l;4 bL3{j0 ] f hflt . ~ k|bz ] gf) h8fg . hf8] lj) [hf8f] P] hf
8f]df xg] hf8f];Fu ;DalGwt . ~ df;L{ gf) hf8f] nfu]kl5 dfq kfSg] ftf] lsl;dsf] df;
L{ wfg . hf8f] gf) [;+) hf8] != lr;f]sf] cgej 7G8Lsf] cgej . @= lr;f]kg 7G8L . #=
7G8f df};d zLtsfn . ~ sf6\g 6) lxpFb dlxgf latfpg . hf8 gf) [;+)] != h8 cj:yf h8tf
d"vt { f . @= hf8f]kg hf8f] l7xL l7lxf] . hft lj) [;+)] != hGd]sf] k}bf ePsf] pTkGg
f;df dfq ;Lldt h:t} hftsd{, :g]xhft, k|]dhft, ;xhft O)) . gf) @= j+zkDkf, wd{, u0f
, cfs[lt, jf;:yfg cflbsf cfwfdf ljeflht dgiosf] hflt jf ju{ . #= vfn lsl;d k|sf . $
= h\undf pd|g] vxdWo] ;sfn] cfgf] lgoGq0fdf fv]sf vsf] s]xL k|sf fd|f] hftsf] sf
[;+)] != ev{ hGd]sf] afns gjhft lzz . @= lxGb"xsf ;f]x| ;+:sfdWo] gjhft afnssf] ;+
:sf
460

hftsd{ . #= gjhft lzzsf] zefze kmn atfpg], kmlnt Hof]ltifsf] Ps c\u . $= a4sf
k"jh { Gdsf syfx n]lvPsf] u|Gy . dfnf gf) a4;DaGwL hftsxsf] ;dbfo . ~ ;DaGwL lj)
hlGdPsf] afns;Fu ;DalGwt hGdljifos sd{;Fu ;DalGwt . hftsd{ gf) [;+)] afns hGdFbf u
lg] ;+:sf lxGb"xsf ;f]x| ;+:sfdWo] Ps hfts . hftbGt lj) [;+)] bfFt pd|]sf] bfFt lgl
sf] (afns) bFltof . hftkIf lj) [;+)] KjfFv pd|]sf] KjfFv knfO;s]sf] kv]6fsf f}F pld|;
s]sf] . hft kltt lj) [;+) hfltkltt] cfgf] hftaf6 kltt ePsf] hftaf6 v;]sf] hfltRot .
hft eft gf) [hft eft] l9 jf kDkfut hft hftcg;f rNg] jf grNg] eftefG;f . (pbf) f0
sg} tfufwfLn] dtjfnLsf] xftsf] eft vfof] eg] jf kfgL grNg] hftsL :jf:gL Nofof]
eg] p;dfly hfteftsf] d2f rNg ;SYof]) . hftdff lj) [hft dff] != hft dfg]{ an}n] csf] h
t lng] . @= sg} :qLnfO{ hah:tL s0fL u] hft lnOlbg] . hft x6s gf) [hft x6s] != l9ut r
g;f hftsf lgod gdfGg]nfO{ eftefG;f, lax]a6nf] cflbaf6 ulg] alxisf . lj) @= To;L al
xisf ulPsf] . hflt! cJo) [;+)] vf; yf]s, JolQm jf kbfy{sf] af]w xg] Ps k|ToowdL{ z
Ab rflxF yf]s (s]hflt, sf]hflt cflb) . hflt@ gf) [;+)] != fli6otf ef}uf]lns ;Ldfsf c
wfdf 5lg] dgiosf hfltsf] ljefu . @= lxGb" ;dfhdf j+zkDkf, ;+:sf, wd{, sd{ cflbsf cf
wfdf 5lg] afxg, 5]qL cflb hft . #= zfLls agfj6, cfsfk|sf, u0f, :jefj cflbsf cfwfd
lg] jf lrlgg] :yfj, h\ud cflbsf] ljefu . $= cfof{, uLlt cflb dflqs 5Gb . ~ Rot lj)
hfltaf6 kltt ePsf] hfltaf6 v;]sf] . Tj gf) hfltsf] efj, u0f jf ljz]iftf hfltnfO{
5fpg] sf] . ~ wd{ gf) != sg} hfltdf xg] ljz]if u0f, :jefj jf wd{ hfltljz]ifsf] lj
]iftf . @= hfltn] kfng ug{kg]{ wd{ jf lgod . gfd gf) Pp6fnfO{ lrg]kl5 To;sf] u7g
, cfsfk|sf cflbaf6 To; hftsf cnfO{ klg lrlgg] vfnsf] j:tsf] gfpF hfltjfrs gfd (3f]8
f, dfG5], v, sLf] O)) . ~ kftLkftL gf) lxGb" ;dfhdf j+zkDkf, ;+:sf, wd{, sd{ cflbsf
f 5'lg] afx'g, 5]qL cflb hfltsf] ljefu hftLo ljefu hfltleqsf pkljefhg jf k
\lQm . ~ e
]b gf) hftLotfsf] cfwfdf ulg] e]befj leGgleGg hfltxdf Ps hfltn] csf]{ hfltnfO{ xf]Rof
pg] k|jl[ Q ;
\sL0f{ hftLotf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

461

hftLhfg a'em hfqf gf) [;+) ofqf] != b]jb]jLsf :yfgdf lglZrt lbgdf k"hfcfhf;lxt dgf
Og] ljz]if k|sfsf] pT;j ofqf . @= b'Mv xG8 b'b{zf . #= a]OHhtL . dfqf gf) ;fgf7"nf
f d]nf . > hfq'hfq] gf) != hfqfdf ;lDdlnt JolQm jf JolQm;d"x . lj) @= b'Mv jf xG8df
k]sf] . #= a]OHht ePsf] . $= lgn{Hh ufO{hfq] . hfb' gf) [kmf) hfb"] != ;fdfGotof c
;Dej cfZro{hgs s'fnfO{ xftsf] ;Lk jf cGo s'g} u'Kt tlsfn] ;Dejh:tf] agfO{ b]vfpg]
sfd OGb|hfn r6s . @= 6'gf 6'gfd'gf df]xgL . ~ sd{ gf) hfb'uL hfb'ljBf . hfb'u gf)
fb"u] hfb' ug]{ JolQm r6s b]vfpg] JolQm r6sL . :qL) hfb'ugL{ . ~ ljBf gf) hfb'usf] lj
Bf hfb'uL . > hfb'uL gf) != hfb'sf] sfd hfb' ug]{ ljBf hfb'ljBf hfb'sd{ . @= hfb'us
efj, sfd jf k];f . hfb|f ] lj) [c) lhcfb] != eg]sf] gdfGg] hlt ufnL u] jf lk6] klg
tx gnfUg] Hofb|f] . @= s8f :jefjsf] s7f] s8f . #= l5gfNg jf kmf]g{ ;lhnf] gePsf] ;fx|
f] alnof] . hfg\g ;) lqm) [k|f) hf0f < ;+) 1f g] != yfxf kfpg 1fg k|fKt ug{ ag
kfpg . @= lrGg klro k|fKt ug{ . #= r]Tg cgej ug{ . hfgsf lj) [;+) 1fgsf] != hfg
;g]sf] hflgkmsf hfGg] aem]sf] aemsL . @= l;kfn ljfg\ . > hfgsfL gf) yfxf jf 1f
f] l:ylt 1fgnfe 1fgfh{g . @= 1fg yfxf . hfgsL gf) [;+)] fdfo0f dxfsfJosf cg;f hgssL
f]L fdsL kTgL ;Ltf . ~ gjdL gf) j}zfv zSn gjdLsf lbg hfgsLsf] hGdf]T;jsf kdf hgsk
df dgfOg] Ps kj{ jf pT;j . ~ dlGb gf) g]kfnsf] hgsk c~rnsf] ;bdsfd tyf ;LtfhLsf] h
Gd:yn hgskdf x]sf] ;LtfhLsf] k|l;4 dlGb . hfg kTof gf) [hfg kTof] fd|f] lrgfhfgL
|f] hfgklxrfgn] ubf{ k}bf ePsf] ljZjf; . hfgkb gf) [;+)] != hgkbsf afl;Gbf . @= u
fpF, lhNnf jf c~rnsf afl;Gbf . #= dfgj;dfhn] a;f]af; u]sf] 7fpF . lj) $= hgkb;DaG
wL . ~ bL3{ ;]jf k gf) cljlR5Gg tL; jif{ ;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon]
!(($ ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ;]jfkbs gf) lg/Gt/ kGw| jif{ ;]jf ug]{ sd{rf/LnfO{ k|b
fg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@# df :yflkt Ps kbs . hfg klxrfghfg klxrfgL gf) [;+) 1fgk|fle1fg (
O{)] lrgfhfgL lrghfg klro . hfg aem gf) [hfg aem] != hfGg] ag] sfo{ hfFraem .

hfltjfb . ~ e|z + gf) hfltaf6 ktg xg] l:ylt hfltRolt . ~ e|i6 lj) hfltaf6 kltt hf
ltaf6 v;]sf] hfltRot . ~ jfrs lj) != ;fdfGo kdf ;a} lsl;dsf j:tsf] gfd lrgfpg] ;a}
lsl;dsf j:tsf] hfltnfO{ aemfpg] hfltaf]ws . gf) @= Jofs0fdf gfdsf kfFr e]b dflg
Fbf xg] Ps e]b . jfb gf) != sg} hfltn] cfk"mnfO{ c hflteGbf >]i7 ;Demg] dt hftLo
>]i7tfsf] l;4fGt . @= cfgf] hfltsf JolQmnfO{ gf]sL cflbdf k|fyldstf jf ljz]if ;lj
wf lbg] k|jl[ Q . #= ;\sL0f{ hftLotf ;Dk|bfojfb . ~ lj]if gf) != hfltut cfwfdf ulg] z
tf . @= ;hftLo aGwx;Fusf] j}efj . ~ j} gf) leGgleGg hftsf hLjxdf Ps hftsf hLjsf] cs
f]{ hftsf hLj;Fu xg] k|fs[lts jf j+zut zqtf cyjf ;xk|hgg cflb u0fsf] cefj . ~
Joj;fo gf) sg} hftsf dflg;n] ljz]if kdf ug]{ u]sf] wGbf hfltljz]ifsf] k];f hfltcg;
fsf] Ond . ~ ;\s gf) leGgleGg hftsf :qLk?ifsf] ;Dks{af6 hlGdPsf] ;Gtfg j0f{;\s .
cfgf k"jh { Gdsf sf ;Demg ;Sg] . ~ :jefj gf) hfltut :jefj hfltaf6 cfpg] :jefj hftLo
:jefj hftLo u0f . ~ xTof gf) hflt g} gfz xg] sfd hfltnfO{ g} df:g] lqmof hfltjw .
xLg lj) != dfgjslNkt sg} hflt gcFufn]sf] sg} hfltljz]if;Fu ;Da4 gePsf] . @= sg}
b]zsf] klg gfulstf glnPsf] . #= hflt;DaGwL ;fdfGo dfGotfeGbf dfly p7]sf] . $= hf
ltaf6 kltt hfltaf6 v;]sf] . %= gLr hfltsf] tR5 hfltsf] . hftL! lj) [;+) hftLohfTo]
cnfO{ lxt ug]{ c;n :jefjsf] c;n fd|f] enf] a]; . hftL@ gf) [;+)] != kx]Fnf] hfO{sf]
jf To;}sf] af]6 . @= rd]nLsf hftsf] k"mn jf af]6 . #= hfOkmn . hftL# lj) [hf tL] !
= cfDelaGbaf6 jfgf eP lxF8]sf] ptflt uPsf] (hftL ]n, hftL uf8L cflb) . @= st} hfFbfs
] (vr{ cflb) . ljk) cftL . ~ cftL lj) != hfFbf cfpFbfsf] (vr{, ef8f O)) . @= hfg]
kms]{ cfpg] hfFbf] kms]{ cfpFbf] ck8fpg (]n uf8L, hxfh O)) . hftLkmn gf) [;+)]
kmn . hftLo lj) [;+)] != hftsf] cfg} hftsf] hflt;DaGwL . @= snLg . #= ;fDk|bflos .
tf gf) != hftLo u0f jf ljz]iftf . @= hfltk|ltsf] cfTdLotf . #= ;fDk|bflostf . h
fTo lj) [;+)] != pRr sndf hGd]sf] snLg clehft . @= >]i7 pRr . hfToGw lj) [;+)] != r
sf]{ hftLoefjgfn] ubf{ ljj]sxLg ag]sf] cfgf] hfltsf] cGw;dy{s ;fDk|bflos . @= hGdb]
lv g} cGwf] hGdhft cGwf] hGdfGw .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hfgfhfghfohGd lj) @= hfg]sf] aem]sf] cgejL hflgkmsf . lqm) lj) #= hfgfhfgL hfgLhfg
sg . hfgfhfg lqm) lj) [hfg\ cf hfg\] != hfGbfhfGb} hfgfhfgL hfgLaemL hfgaem . @= xfsf
fsL yfxf lbP} . gf) #= k:ksf] klro jf 1fgnfe . $= nuftf hfGg] jf lrGg] sfo{ . > hfgfh
gL lqm) lj) hfGbfhfGb} yfxf kfpFbfkfpFb} xfsfxfsL . hflgkmsf lj) [c) hflga sf] != dfG
gj[4 . @= hfGg]ag] hfgsf . > hflgkmsfL gf) hflgkmsf xgfsf] u0f jf ljz]iftf hflgk
u0f, ljz]iftf jf Ifdtf . hfg gf) [;+)] zLdf lt3|f lkF8f}nfsf aLr xf8sf] kf\u|] hf
]gL{ ePsf] 7fpF 3F8f] . hfGg] lj)gf) [hfg\ g]] != hfg]sf] l;kfn kf]Vt k|jL0f . @= u
L 1fgL . #= emfkms] sfd ug]{ (wfdL, emfFqmL cflb) . ~ syf gf) eGg]n] ;Gg]nfO{ k|Z
gsf kdf ;f]Wg] ;Gg]n] hfg] hjfkm lbg], ghfg] sg} ufpF lbP eGg];u F g} syfsf] cfz
o ;f]Wg], ljz]iftM ufpFn] ;dfhdf k|rlnt syf ufpFvfg] syf . ~ ;Gg] lj) w]} sf hfg]a
em]sf] hfg];g  s ] f] cgejL l;kfn hflgkmsf . hfk gf) [;+) hk] x]) hk . > hfks gf)
nf7"nf o1d08kdf jf sg} sd{ljz]ifdf ljgzflGtsf lglDt sg} b]jLb]jtfsf] dGq hKg] J
olQm ClTjs\ . hfkfg gf) [c\) hfkfg] Pl;ofsf] ;b " k"jd { f x]sf] Pp6f k|l;4 b]z . hf
kfgL lj) [hfkfg O{] != hfkfg;DaGwL hfkfgsf] . gf) @= hfkfgsf] efiff hfkfgsf afl;Gbf j
f gfuls . ~ afhf gf) 6fOkfO6sf h:tf t]O;j6f kbf{ xg], rfb]lv b;j6f;Dd tf xg] hjfn
hfOg] Ps yL afhf 6];f]sf]6f] . hfkmt gf) [c) lhofkmt] ;fyLefOx ldn] ulg] 7"nf] ef]h
f] ef]h k|Lltef]h . hfaf gf) [;+) oj] OG8f]gl] ;ofsf] Ps k|fGt . ~ dfgj gf) Pl;of,
of]k clk|msfdf kfOPsf] clt k|frLg dfgj (xf]df] P]S6;) dWo] hfafdf km]nf k]sf] dfgj
To;}sf] cZdLe"t cjz]if . hfaL! gf) [;+) ofKo (8f]nL) O{] sfvLdlg nls{g] uL sddf lelg
] hfnLbf emf]nL rf cflb fVg] hfnLbf y}nf] . hfaL@ lj) [hfaf] O{] w]} dxj gePsL sd
fwf0f tR5 (:qL) . hfa] lj) != hfaLh:tf] . gf) @= hfa] vl6f] . ~ vl6f] gf) hfaLem}F e
{ zLel cfpg] lrnfpg] Ps lsl;dsf]
462

vl6f] l;sl;sf] cflbn] vfB cf}ifwLsf] ckmfkn] ubf{ hLpel cyjf hLpsf] sg} efudf a{ pl
cfpg] rd{ljsf . ~ Rofp gf) hldgdf pd|g,] v}f] sf], hfaLem}F af k]sf] 3f]K6fOPsf]
cfsfsf] ugfpg], vfg gxg] vfPdf hfa] vl6f]em}F p5g] Ps hftsf] Rofp . ~ e"t gf) hfaL
le] lxF8\5 eGg] ljZjf; ulPsf] Ps e"t hfa] f]u Nofpg] sf0f dflgPsf] ;f]xL e"t . hfaf]
f) != sfvLsf] eTnf vsG8Lsf] eTnf . lj) @= tR5 ;fwf0f sd dxjsf] . hfAtf gf) [c) hf
t] != bO{ ;sfsf aLrdf eOkL cfpg] Jojxf;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg ag]sf] P]g . @= lgodsfg
g Joj:yf hftf . hfd gf) [c\) Hofd] != sg} sf0faf6 af6f] f]lsFbf oftfoftsf ;fwg df
] eL8n] cfjfudgdf ePsf] ultf]w 7]nd7]n 7;f7; . @= s; jf lvof nfUgfn] sg} af cflbsf]
lasf]{ jf s}FrL 3Dg, rNg cK7ff] k]sf] cj:yf . #= sg} ulnof] kmnsf] ; ksfO{ afSnf
] agfOPsf] vfB kbfy{ . hfdbUGo gf) [;+)] != hdblUgsf 5f]f kzfd . @= efu{juf]qsf kfFr
k|jdWo] Ps . hfdg gf) [hfd cg] bxL hdfpFbf b"wdf xfNg] aLp hf]8g . hfdf gf) [c) hfd]
!= sDdb]lv uf]nLufF7f;Dd cfpg], sDddf dhd } h  f kfL agfOPsf] tnlt vnf ePsf] nxFu
f dh}dhf k]sf], sDdb]lv uf]nLufF7f;Dd kUg], k?ifhfltn] nfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] kfgf]
kf];fs . @= s]6Ln] nfpg] k|ms . hfdftf gf) [;+)] 5f]L jf alxgLsf] nf]Ug] HjfOF . hf
df kuL gf) [hfdf kuL] ljjfxdf bdfO{x F sf] gfOs]n] kfpg] lzkfp g]u ;Ddfg . hfdghf
) [;+) + hDa"] s];sf cfsfsf ;]tf k"mn kmNg], uf9f KofhL sf] kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v jf
To;}sf] kmn . hfDajtL gf) [;+)] != 5]pdf bfFtL k]sf kft xg,] gLnf k"mn kmNg] ftf
kmn kmNg] Ps lsl;dsf] eOFemf . @= efujt kf0fcg;f hfDajfg\sL 5f]L s[i0fsL Ps kTgL
. hfDajfg\ gf) [;+)] != fdfo0fsf] syfcg;f n\sf ljho ug{ fdrGb|nfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ ;u|L
jsf Ps dGqL . @= efujtsf] syfcg;f :odGts dl0fnfO{ lnP s[i0f;Fu o4 k]sf] xf]kl5 dl0
f;lxt 5f]L hfDajtL s[i0fnfO{ lbg afWo ePsf] Ps efng]z . hfoh lj) [c)] lrQabf] Gofo;
ut plrt dgfl;a . hfohGd gf) [;+) hfof hGd] ljjflxtf kTgLaf6 5f]f5f]Lsf] hGd ;Gtfgf]Tk
fofhGd .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

463

hfohfhfnf] gf) @= dfsf] . hLjL lj) != hfnsf edf afFRg] . gf) @= dfemL . #= Jofwf .
hfn em]n gf) [hfn em]n] != sk6k"0f{ Jojxfn] cnfO{ km;fpg] sfd hfn 5n wf]sf . @= av]8f
#= s"6gLlt bfpk]r . hfnGw gf) [;+)] != kfj{tLk|lt sbl[ i6 fv]sfn] lzjhLff dflPsf] ,
f0fk| l ;4 Ps jL k ? if . @= plxn] l;~hf;fd|fHodf lyP egL cg>l tdf rlr{t Ps k
|l;4 fhf . #= eftsf] kGhfa k|b]zdf l:yt Ps gusf] gfd . ~ ljBf gf) hfb OGb|hfn . > hf
nGwL lj) != 6gfdgf hfGg] cf}tfL . @= l;~hfsf cg>t fhf hfnGw . hfnkfb gf) [;+)] k
sf aLrdf kftnf] 5fnf xg] k|f0fL xfF; . hfnk]gL gf) [hfn k]gL] 7"nf] vfnsf] k]gL h8
nf] . hfnGw| gf) [;+)] != hfnsf] Kjfn . @= To:t} Kjfn xg] cfFvLofn . hfnnf}f] gf) [h
ff] nf}f]] hf} r6\g] nf}f]h:tf] cf}hf . hfn;fh gf) [c) hcn kmf) ;fh] != hfnem]n wTo
k6 wf]sf . @= gePsf emf sf u]sf] jf ePsf] xf] egL c\s, ldlt, a]xf]f cflb kms kfL
xL5fk uL lng] jf lbg] sfd . lj) #= wf]s]afh sk6L e"m6f] sfdsfafO{ ug]{ . > hfn;fhL gf
) != hfn;fhsf] sfd jf Jojxf . @= hfn;fh . hflnsf gf) [;+)] != ;fg hfnL . @= 3D6L
3D6f] . hflngL gf) [;+)] != lrq agfpg] 7fpF lrqzfnf . @= l3f}Fnf] tf]lofF . hfnL! lj
[c) hcnL] != csf{kl| t e"m6f] sk6k"0f{ Jojxf ug]{ hfn;fh sk6L . @= gsnL (sfutkq, g
f]6, r]s cflb) . #= OGb|hfn, 6gf jf hfb ug]{ OGb|hfnL hfnGwL cf}tfL . hfnL@ gf) [;+
hfn] != aLraLrdf cfFvLofnh:tf] t ;;fgf Kjfn}Kjfn kg]{ uL vfnL 7fpF fv] algPsf] j:t
fn . @= cfFvfsf gfgLdf kg]{ ;]tf] kbf{ . bf lj) hfnL ePsf] Kjfn}Kjfn ePsf] hfnL kf]
fOPsf] . kmn gf) ;;fgf nflDrnf kft xg] Ps lsl;dsf] jg:klt jf To;}sf] k"mn . hfn
] lj) [hfn P] != hfn aGg] jf hfn xfGg] k];f lnPsf] . @= hfn;DaGwL hfnsf] hfnh:tf] .
~ Rofp gf) hfnLsf] h:tf] af xg] Ps k|sfsf] ugfpg] lavfn Rofp . dfn] lj) != hfnem]
nn] elPsf] . @= z[\vnf gldn]sf] . #= :ki6 gePsf] . gf) $= cfn]6fn] . hfnf] gf) [;+)
hfns > k|f) hfncf]] != dfsfsf] hfnLbf u8 F . @= l5lKkPsf l3fFn } f, fdtf]lofF (kf6
] l3f}n F f) cflbsf]

hfohf gf) [c) hfoh] ulPsf sfdsfsf] plrt ljj0f tYof\s s}lkmot . hfohft gf) [kmf) hf
!= s;}sf] :jfldTjdf x]sf] rncrn j:t h]yfhldg >L;DklQ . @= ;sfff s;}sf] :jfldTjdf e
] ;DklQ b08:jk lng] sfd ;j{:j ug]{ sfd :jfldTjx0f ;j{:j . hfoh]yf gf) [kmf) hfob ;+)
] s;}sf] :jfldTjdf x]sf] rncrn ;DklQ >L;DklQ 3hUuf, a:tefp cflb . hfobft gf) [kmf) h
fobfb] x]) hfohft . hfof gf) [;+)] :jf:gL kTgL hf]O{ . ~ hLj lj) != :jf:gLsf] ;DklQd
f afFr]sf] :jf:gLsf] sdfO vfg] hfofghLjL . @= g6 g6jf . #= j]Zofklt . ~ klt gf) nf
]Ug]:jf:gL kltkTgL bDktL . hf! gf) [Nof) ;Lh] ;sf kfgf afbzfxsf] pkflw . hf@ gf)
= kf]On uPsL :qLsf] klxnf] kltn] gofF rflxFnfO{ eGg] zAb . @= csf{sL ljjflxtf kT
gL;Fu ;Def]u ug]{ JolQm pkklt gf7f] . ~ sd{ gf) != hfsf] sfd k:qL;Fu cj}w kdf flvg]
;DaGw Jolerf . @= csf{sL kTgLnfO{ x0f uL cfgL kfg]{ sfo{ hfL . h lj) != hfsf tkm
ePsf] . gf) @= hfaf6 pTkGg ePsf] 5f]f] . #= gjhft lzz cf}; ePgePsf] nIf0f ljrf ulg]
Ps k|sfsf] of]u cyf{t\ kmlntof]u . ~ hGdf lj) hfh . ~ kq gf) hfaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg hf
kqL gf) hfaf6 hGd]sL 5f]L hfsL 5f]L . hf ;fxL gf) [hf zfxL] ?;df ;dfhjfbL Joj:
eGbf klxn]sf zf;s hfxsf] zf;gJoj:yf . hfl0fL gf) [;+)] sg} csf]{ k?if;Fu k|]d ug]
{ :qL . hfL! lj) [c)] != rn]sf] rngrNtLsf] k|rlnt rfn" . @= nfu" ulPsf] . #= k|sfzdf
ofOPsf] (P]g, ;+ljwfg, tfd|kq, lznfkq, cfb]z O)) . hfL@ gf) [;+) hf O{] csf{sL kTgLnf
O{ fhL ufO{ cfgf] 3df NofO{ :jf:gL agfpg] sfd k:qL Nofpg] jf x0f ug]{ k|yf hfsd{ .
f) hfL . ~ vt gf) != ;fwn] hfaf6 sfggcg;f efOkfpg] ljjfxvr{ . @= ;fwn] hfnfO{ sfg
gcg;f ufpg kfpg] b08 jf ;hfo . hff] gf) fFafsf] laF8 . hfn! gf) [c) hcn] csf{nfO{ km
fpg ulPsf] if8\oGq csf{nfO{ wf]sf lbg] sfd sk6 em]n av]8f hfnem]n . hfn@ gf) [;+)] !
jfn}Kjfn xg] uL wfuf], tf cflbaf6 ag]sf] j:t . @= rf, df5f cflb cNemfpg] kf;f] .
#= dfsfsf] u8 F hfnf] . $= cfFvfsf gfgLdf nfUg] ;]tf] kbf{ . %= r6s hfb . ^= 3d
f k|sfz jf xfjf l5g{ agfOPsf] jf:tlzNk jftfog ofn . sfs lj) != hfn agfpg] .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hfjt cfjtlh\lu|g leqkl xg] hfnL . #= cfFvfsf] gfgLdf kg]{ ;]tf] kbf{ . $= d0ff;Gg l
afdLsf cfFvfdf nfUg] kftnf] lemNnL . %= k"jf{ux | d"9fu|xn] ubf{ al4df cfpg] x|f
; ljj]sxLgtf . hfjt cfjt gf) [hfp ct cfp ct] hfg]cfpg] sfd cfjthfjt cfjfudg . hf;; gf
f) hf;";] != uKt kn] ckfwsf] cGj]if0f ug{ jf zqkIfsf] e]b yfxf kfpg ;sfsf tk{maf6
v6fOPsf] JolQm uKtr uKt kln; . @= lrof] r]jf . > hf;;L gf) != hf;;n] ug]{ sfd .
lj) @= hf;;;DaGwL hf;;sf] uKtrLo . hfx] lj) [c) hflx] != k|sfzdf cfPsf] cjut ePsf
t k|s6 . gf) @= ;"lrt ug]{ jf cjut ufpg] sfo{ . jfnf lj) != hfx] ug]{ ph ug]{ ph
@= cjut ufpg] . gf) #= To:tf] sfd ug]{ sg} kbflwsfL jf JolQm . > hfx]L gf) != tNnf
sd{rfLn] pRr kbflwsfLnfO{ tNnf sfof{ n on] dflyNnf txsf sfof{nonfO{ cjut ufpg] sfo
{ jf k|0ffnL . lj) @= To:tf] sfo{ jf k|0ffnL;Fu ;DalGwt (hfx]L kmfF6, hfx]Lkq, hfx
]L ljefu O)) . hfXgjL gf) [;+)] != hXg fhfsL kqL . @= u\uf gbL efuLyL . lhp lj) [
oltd\ (olt)] != h:tf] . @= hltsf] . #= hqf] HoF" . sf ltp lj) != h:tf] lyof] p:t} h:
tfsf] t:tf] . @= csf]{ hlQsf] 5 plQs} afasf] . #= klxn] hlt lyof] plQs} hlQsf tlQ oyf
jt\ . lqm) lj) $= oyfjt\ xg] uL oyfjt\ l:yltdf . ltp lqm) lj) lhgltg h;f]t;f] u]
t;L . lhpbf] lj) [;+) hLjGt] gd]sf] hLljt k|f0fjfg\ . kgkgf gf) JolQmsf] k'mtL{,
cfF6 k|f0fdotf . lhpg c) lqm) [;+) hLjg] != afFRg hLljt xg . @= uhff ug{ hLjglg
x ug{ . (pbf) sltko g]kfnLx l9F8f] uGb|ssf edf lhpF5g\) . lhp! gf) [;+) hLj] != z
f lzb]lv kfp;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{ cjoj x b]x zL . @= cfb0fLo JolQm . #= 9f]u 7"nL7"nL (afn
) . $= cfb ;Ddfg . lj) af]) %= k|foM ;d:tLo JolQmn] 8fStf 8fs kmsf{pg jf af]Nbf ;xL
yfKg dvaf6 lgsflng] zAb xh Ho" . ~ 5f8f lj) != ;fgf]ltgf] ;\s6df klg nQf] 5f8\g] j
f Hofb} xtf; xg] cfgf] bMv a9fO{r9fO{ eGg] cfk"mnfO{ ePsf] bMveGbf a9L bMv b]vf
pg] xQ]xfnf . @= hLpsf] dfof gePsf] . gf) #= To:tf :jefjsf] JolQm . ~ hdfgL gf) s;
}sf] hdfgtsf kdf flvPsf] dflg; lhDdfhdfgL . ~ hLp gf) != rflxFbf]eGbf 7"nf] ;Ddfg .
lj) af]) @= hLpeGbf klg 7"nf]
464

;Ddfg;"rs jrg xhxh . ~ hsf] gf) k|f0fLsf k]6leq xg] Ps vfnsf] hsf] d"nhsf] . (o
f] dof] jf aflx lgl:sof] eg] k|f0fL d5{ eGg] wf0ff 5) . ~ 8fn gf) zLsf] rgf zfLls
9fFrf hLpsf] 8f}n . lhp@ lj) af]) [;+) hLj] != lzi6frf jf cfbdf pRrf0f ulg] zAb Ho"
. @= 9f]u (afnaf]nLdf) . lhptf gf) [;+) hLjGtL] lhGbuL hgd lhptf] (h:tf] lhptfe) . lh
ptL gf) [;+) hLjGtL] ljjfxdf dft[sfk"hf u]sf 7fpFdf 6fFlug] lrq . ~ sf]7fsf]7f] gf)
!= ljjfxdf bnfxfbnxLn] k|yd ft rn]jf; a:g] sf]7f] . @= k|yd dwflqsf] nflu tof k
flPsf] jf f]lhPsf] sf]7f] . lhptf] gf)x]) lhptf . lhpwg gf) [;+) hLj wg] cfgf] hLjg
f] >L;DklQ hLjgwg ;j{:j . lhpgf gf) [;+) h]dgsf] != vfg] lqmof jf sfd ef]hg ug]{ lqmo
jf sfd . @= vfg] lqmof jf sfdsf nflu clehftju{df k|of]u ulg] zAb Hogf . lhpgL gf)
[;+) hLjg O{] != ;GtfgxnfO{ ;DklQsf] c+zaG8f ubf{ cfdfafan] cfgf nflu 5fPsf] efu hLp
L . @= c+zsf] ;f hLjglgjf{xsf nflu c+zeGbf s]xL 36L jf a9L uL lbOPsf] ;DklQ . lhpk
fnf lj) [hLp kfnf] != hxfgaRrfsf] jf:tf guL cfgf] dfq k]6 kfn] lxF8\g] kljfsf c ;b:
g} kaf{x guL cfgf] dfq k]6 eg]{ . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . lhpkfnf] gf) [hLp kfnf]] hLp
kfNg] sfd vfOhLljsf k]6kfnf] hLljsf . lhpdff lj) [hLp dff] != vfgkfg tyf :jf:Yosf] jf
guL cfgf] zlQm ;fdYo{eGbf a9L dld]6] sfd ug]{ hLpnfO{ ;fx|} bMv lbg] cfTd3ftL . @
sf{sf] xTof ug]{ xToff Hofgdff . gf) #= To:tf] :jefjsf] JolQm . lhpnf] gf) wfgsf] v]t
L xg] 7fpF wfgsf] v]tL xg] kmfF6 wfgv]t wgx hUuf . lhp;frf lj) [hLp;fFrf] zLnfO{
f{ jf zL sdhf] xf]nf eg] ;Stf] sfd klg gug]{ sfdrf] . lhlslhqmL gf) [c) lhqm] != s
fsf] ax;sf l;nl;nfdf jfbL jf k|ltjfbLtkm{sf] d'Vo egfO . @= s'g} s'fsf] k|;
\u rrf{
. lhuldiff gf) [;+)] hfg] OR5f s'g} 7fpFdf k'Ug] rfxgf . lhuLiff gf) [;+)] lhTg] OR
5f ljhosf] clenfiff . > lhuLif' lj) lhTg rfxg] ljhosf] clenfiff ug]{ . lh
\lu|g c) lq
) [c) d") lh\u | O g] sf]Laf6L gugf{n]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

465

lh\lu|u \ lh\l \ lhgltg agfpg ljho xfl;n ufpg . lhtfpL gf) != hjf, tf;, kf;
fdfldnf lht]sf] v;LofnLdf lhTg]ff afFl8g] ?lkofFk};f . @= d2f lhTg]n] cfdf aemfp
gkg]{ b:t . lhtfTdf lj) [;+)] dg OlGb|oxnfO{ lht]sf] dg OlGb|oxnfO{ cfgf jzdf l
lht]lGb|o . lhtfkq gf) [lht kq] d2f lhTg]nfO{ lht]sf] k|df0f:jk cbfntsf tkm{af6 lbO
g] km};nfsf] gsn . lhtf lj) [;+) lht cf] hg s/f klg lhTg vf]Hg] cnfO{ g6]g]{ lhtfxf
lhtfl lj) [;+) lht cl] != zqnfO{ lht]sf] . @= sfd, qmf]w, nf]e, df]x, db dfT;o{h:tf
5j6f zqnfO{ jzdf fv]sf] . ~ dNn gf) dWosfnLg g]kfnsf] l;~hf;fd|fHosf cToGt k|efjz
fnL fhf czf]sdNnsf kq . lhltg s) lqm) [lht\ O g] cwLgdf kflg lhltPsf] xg . lhlto
) [yf)] b;}Fsf] cf;kf;df yfhfltsf gjojtL cwa}; F ] :qLxn] dfOtdf uP l3f}n F fsf] kf
tdf l3f}n F fs} k"mn fv] ug]{ lht dxfg\sf] k"hf . ~ kfjgLkf}gL gf) lhltof rf8 . lht
j) [lht\ pjf] lhTg] ljhoL . lht]lGb|o lj) [;+)] OlGb|onfO{ lht]sf] OlGb|onfO{ cfgf jzd
f fv]sf] . lhtf}L gf) [lht\ cf}L] x]) lhtfpL . lhb gf) [c) lh2L] x]) lh2L . (pbf fd
gjf;\ et\sg h}F b]pm egL lhb\ uL . efgeQmsf] fdfo0f) . lh2L gf) [c)] != cfk"mn] eg]
rfx]h:tf] ufpg ulg] bfu|x x7 l9kL . lj) @= x7L l9kLjfn . jfn lj) cfk"mn] eg] jf r
] sf ufpg bfu|x ug]{ grflxFbf] sfdf klg lh2L ug]{ cgfjZos x7 ug]{ bfu|xL x7L
2L . lhg! gf) [;+)] != a4 . @= h}g wd{sf tLy{\s . #= kdfTdf lji0f . lhg@ gf) [c) hL
x] O:nfd ljZjf;cg;f ;fwssf ;fdGg] dfq} b]vfkg]{ ;fwssf] ;]jsem}F eO{ pksf ug]{ c
kfly{j cfTdf . lhg# lj) [kmf)] != df]6f] alnof] Ps k|sfsf] ;"tL sk8f . @= ;jfL ug{
kbf{ 3f]8f cflbsf] lkl7pFdf flvg] cf;g . sf7L gf) 3f]8fsf] lkl7pFdf cf]5fOg] hLg To
;dfly flvg] sf7L . kf]; gf) 3f]8fsf] sf7Ldlg la5fOg] afSnf] pmgL sk8f . lhgltg lqm)
lj) [;+) o]gt]g] != h]gt]g h;Lt;L sg} k|sfn] aNntNn dl:sn;Fu h]g]t]g] . lj) @= ;f

skfn gfd|f] b]lvg] uL vhdlhg . @= dnhn gkfPsf] la?jf l5lKkP vf] jf hf]{ xg . #= b
AnfP zLsf] xf85fnf dfq afFsL xg lh\lu|\ kg{ . lh\lu|\ulh\l\ lqm) lj) [c)
gf{n] vhdlhPsf] skfn gfd|f] b]lvPem}F . @= dnhn gkfPsf] la?jf l5lKkP vf], hf]{ ePh:t
} uL . #= bAnfP zLsf] xf85fnf dfq afFsL x]em}F eO{sg . lhhf gf) [lhh] != afa lktf
@= k"j{h . lhhLljiff gf) [;+)] afFRg] OR5f afFlrxg] rfxgf . lhh gf) [lhp lhp] x]) lhH
o" . ~ cfdf gf) lhHo"cfdf . ~ ah} gf) lhHo"aHo} . ~ afh gf) lhHo"afHo" . ~ afh] gf)
hHo"afh] . ~ aaf gf) lhHo"aaf . ~ ddf gf) lhHo"ddf . lhh]lhh} gf) [hLp hLp O{] bf;k
yf ;dfKt xge  Gbf klxn] sdffsdfLn] cfk"meGbf h]7f dflnssL kTgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{
k|of]u ug]{ zAb d}ofFfgL . lh1f;f gf) [;+)] sg} sf hfGg] OR5f yfxf kfpg] clenfiff .
> lh1fl;t lj) hfGg vf]lhPsf] lh1f;f flvPsf] lh1f; lj) hfGg rfxg] lh1f;f fVg] 1fgsf
f]sf] . lhHo" gf) [lhp lhp] != afh]sf afa sk|L xhaf . @= kvf{ . #= hLp cyf{t\ fhfs
f klg hLp a8fdxffh . $= Ps ;Ddfg (Ho") n] gku] bf]xf]f] ;Ddfg (Ho"Ho") ugk { g]{ s
g} klg dfggLo JolQm cToGt ;DdfggLo JolQm . %= :jLs[lt;"rs 6fpsf] xNnfO . ~ cfdf g
f) afh]sL cfdf . ~ aHo} gf) != lhHo"sL kTgL . @= k"j{h gfL . ~ afHo" gf) != lhHo"x a
"x afh]afHo" . @= k"j{h . afh] gf) != lhHo" . @= k"j{h . ~ aaf gf) != lhHo" . @= lh
o"sf klg aaf . #= k"j{h . ~ ddf gf) != lhHo"sL kTgL . @= lhHo"sL klg dftf . #=
k"j{h gfL . lht\ k|To) [;+)] gfdaf]ws zAbsf k5fl8 hf]l8O{ lhTg] cy{ aemfpg] k|Too
wdL{ zAb (OGb|lht\, dflht\ O)) . lht\g ;) lqm) [;+) lht g] jzdf kfg{ cwLgdf kfg{ l
ho xfl;n ug{ . lht lj) [;+) lht] != jzdf kflPsf] sAhfdf lnOPsf] lhltPsf] kflht ljlh
pbf) lhtk|bz ] ) . @= jzdf kf]sf] (pbf) lhtnf]e, lhtdf]x) . gf) #= lhTg] sfd ljho hLt
lhtafhL (pbf) of] lht hgtfsf] lht xf]) . qmf]w lj) qmf]wnfO{ lht]sf] qmf]wnfO{ jzdf
kf]sf] l; vKg ;Sg] l; gePsf] . u9L gf) kfNkf lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 7fpF . afhL
ljho . lhtfO gf) [ lht\ ( cfO)] lhTg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lhtfOg s) lqm) lhTg]
kflg ljho ufOg . lhtfOnf] lj) lhltPnfh:tf] . lhtfpg k|) ] lqm) lhTg nfpg lhTg]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

lhlg;lhDbf dfdnL h:tf]t:tf] . (pbf) lhgltg dfG5]n] of] sfd ug{ ;Dej lyPg) . lhlg; g
f) [c) lhG;] dfntfn dfn;fdfg gubb]lv afx]s c ;;fdfg lhG;L . lhG8flhG8L gf) [lhG8f lhG
!= ga9]sf ;;fgf s]6fs]6L g;k|]sf afnaflnsf UofFr] s]6fs]6L . @= nfnfafnf eG6feG6
fs]6L lrG8flrG8L . lhG8f] lj) != ga9]sf] g;k|s ] f] UofFr] . gf) @= afnssfnsf] s]6f]
;fgf] afns . lhGbufgL gf) [kmf)] lhGbuL hLjg . lhGbuL gf) [kmf)] != hGdb]lv d[To;D
dsf] ;do afFrG  h]nsf] ;do hLjgsfn hLjg lhGbufgL . @= hGd] gd?Gh]nsf] afFRg] k4lt jf
k|0ffnL arfO k|f0fofkg . #= k|f0fLsf] k|f0f x];Ddsf] zL rf]nf . lhGbfafb lj) af]) [
) lhGb c) cfafb] != afFlrxf];\ jf afFlrx"g,\ cd xf];\ jf cd x"g,\ k[YjLnfO{ w]} lbg;
zf]let kff];\ jf kfg\ eGg] cfzosf] gff . @= sg} JolQm, ;+:yf jf k|yf cflb w]} sfn;D
d afFrf];\ jf l6sf];\ egL gff nufpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb ho hoho . lhG;L gf) [c) lhG;] !
= gubb]lv afx]ssf c ;;fdfg dfntfn dfn;fdfg lhlg; . lj) @= lhlg;;Fu ;DalGwt lhlg;sf k
ePsf] (wgdfn cflb) . ~ lstfa gf) lhG;L dfn;fdfgsf] gfd cfDbfgLvr{ n]lvg] vftf jf
axL . ~ vftf gf) lhG;L lstfa . ~ vfgf gf) gubafx]s c lhG;L fVg] 3 lhG;L dfn;fdfg fVg
jf uf]bfd . ~ axL gf) lhG;L vftf lhG;L lstfa . ~ nufgL gf) ;fFjfAofhsf kdf lhG;L j:t
 g} lng] uL ;fk6 jf lg lbg] k|yf jf To;L lbOPsf] wg . lhk gf) [c\)] a;eGbf ;fgf], ;f
dfGo sf6fS;LeGbf 7"nf], vnf jf df]6f] sk8fsf] 5fg nufOPsf], vfa af6f]df klg hfg ;
Sg], ljz]if zlQm ePsf], dfG5] dfn;fdfg Nofpg;d]t k|of]u ulg], xnsf alnof] lsl;ds
f] df]6 . lhK6g c) lqm) [lhK6f] g] s;}af6 7lug lhK6f] xg lhlK6g . > lhK6fO gf) l
K6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lhK6fOg s) lqm) lhK6fOdf kflg . lhK6fpg k|) ] lqm) lhK6g
nfpg lhK6g] kfg{ . lhlK6g c) lqm) lhK6g lhK6g] xf]Og . lhK6f] lj) != 7luPsf] 5l
sPsf] emlSsPsf] zf]lift . @= c;kmn ePsf] ljkmn ePsf] . #= lslrPsf] ldlrPsf] lylrPsf]
. lhK6fO gf) [ lhlK6 ( ofO)] lhlK6g] lqmof jf lsl;d . [ > ] lhK6fOg s) lqm) lhlK6g]
flg . lhK6fOnf] lj) lhlK6g] vfnsf] . lhK6fpg k|) ] lqm) lhlK6g] kfg{ 7lug . lhK6
gf) lhK6fO .
466

lhaf! gf) [lhXjf] t]n xfNg] tfdfsf] efF8f] . lhaf@ gf) [hLaf] lktf jf dftfsf lktf x
haf hLaf . lhaf# gf) [;+) hLjf] tfgk"f, l;tf cflb tfafhfdf rf jf ;ft tf c8fpg c
] agfpg flvg] sf7 jf x:tLxf8 jf 3f]8Lsf] cf hxfL . lhalNng c) lqm) [lhaNnf] O g]
Nnf] jf :jfb] xg dL7f]dL7f] vfg] OR5f hfUg . lhaNn] lj) [lhaNnf] P] dL7f]dL7f]
vfg vf]Hg] lhaNs] lkf], cldnf] cflb ltSv :jfb ePsf vfg]sf ?rfpg] :jfb] lha|f] ePsf]
jfbsf lglDt dld]6jf :jfb] . lhaNnf] lj) [;+) lhXjn] != dL7f] sf] dg kfpg] :jfbsf]
glDt rf6r6df ljz]if k|jQ [ lnalna] jf NofkNofk] afgL ePsf] . @= nf]eL nfnrL . >
lhaNNofO gf) dL7f]dL7f] vfg vf]Hg] k|j[lQ lha'Nn]kg . lhe|L gf) [lhe|f]O{] != lhe|fs
f] don ;kmf ug]{ sf7, wft', Knfl:6s cflbsf] kftnf] ;fwg . @= sn, d]l;g cflbsf] l
he|fh ] :tf] b]lvg] efu lha|L . #= lhe|fsf cfsfsf], lyr'Gh]n bAg] lyRg 5f]8\gf;fy
x'Q dfly p7\g] l:k|
sf] k|sf . lhe| ] lj) [lhe|f]P] != lhe|f]jfn d'vfn] . @= :jfb] ld6
7" . #= lhe|f];DaGwL lha|] . $= w]/} af]Ng] cfxfl;], nf]eL . ~ cfbdff] gf) lhe|] dfem
luF8 eGbf kl5lNtsf] t lgs6:y efu . ~ k'mn gf) k'mn]kl5 aLrdf lhe|f]h:tf] lg:sg] Ps
k|sfsf] k"mn . ~ km]bL gf) lhe|f]sf] hf] jf km]b . ~ a];L gf) lhe|]cfbdffb]lv lnP lhe
] km]bL;Ddsf] cjoj . ~ dfemlu8 gf) lhe|fsf] dfemsf] efu . ~ lna|L gf) lhe|fsf] 6'Kk
f] . ~ lzv gf) n]u|f] lhe|] dfemluF8eGbf cufl8sf] efu . lhe|f ] gf) [;+) lhXj6] != x
fa|f] jf d'v]cf]9fleq x]sf], Wjlg pRrf0fdf ;a}eGbf dxjk"0f{ ;lqmo cjoj vfB kbfy{sf]
jfb lng] :j]R5fk"j{s bx|f] n'nf] kfg{ ;lsg] df;'sf] kftf] lhXjf lha|f] . @= d'vleq
x]sf] kmfnLsf cfsfsf] kftf] . lhdf gf) [hLcfdf] hLcfdf Hofd} xh'cfdf hLdf . lhdfxf
;+) hDaf (n)xf] ;w}F lr;f] lxxg] lr;ldf] ;]lknf] (hldg) . lhdL gf) [kmf) hdLg] x]) h
. bf gf) != hldgbf e"klt lhDbf . @= e"ldk|zf;g nfu" x'g'eGbf klxn] tfO{ e]ssf] e"
fpg] 7]sbf tfO{sf] lhDdfjfn . lhdLbfL gf) [lhdLbfO{] lhdLbfsf] kb, vfGuL jf df}hf .
f) lhdLbfsf] sfd u]afkt lhdLbfn] kfpg] df}hf lhfot . lhDbf gf) [lhdLbf] x]) lhdLbf
bfL gf) lhdLbfL .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

467

lhDbf]lh/]n lhxf gf) [hLyf) x (nx) cf] yfhfltsf :qLxn] unfb]lv 5ftL;Dd e'mlG8g]
k|sfsf] uxgf . lh/x;afn gf) != kmf}hbfL d'2fdf s;'bf;Fu lnOg] aofg afktL;Fu ;f]lwg]
|Zg . @= s'g} d'2fsf l;nl;nfdf afDaf ulg] k|Zg . + hLs] :jflbi6 agfpgfsf lglDt ltx'g
lhflhf] gf) [;+) tsfL, crf cflbdf xflng] cf}ifwLsf kdf ;d]t k|of]udf cfpg], Hjfg
dl;gf nfDrf bfgf xg] Ps k|sfsf] ;uGwL k|l;4 d;nf lhf] . ~ dlr gf) != hLf dLr
nf gglhf] . ;L gf) hLfsf h:t} dl;gf u]8f xg] Ps hftsf] wfg . lhfkm gf) [c) hf
Ntsf vf 5f]6f xg,] clulNt vf ub{g pF6sf] h:tf] xg] kR5 ufO{sf] h:tf] xg], z
6fkf\u|f ePsf] Ps hftsf] clk|msfnL h\unL rf}kfof . lhfot gf) [c) lhfct] != lhdLbfL k|
f sfod xFbf lhdLbfsf vfGsLdf 7]lsPsf] hldg l;hldg . @= s[lif v]tL . lhfxf lj) [kmf)
hx cf] != hlt eg] klg gnfUg] eg]sf] k6Ss} gdfGg] hf]{ hs{6f] c6] . @= srsr] ugug]
hl\ulhl\ lqm) lj) [c) d") lhl\ u] != sg} eofgs b[Zo b]Vbf jf cGo sg} sf0fn] d
F . @= pQ]hgf cflbaf6 zLsf f}Fx 7f8f7f8f eP . lj) #= eoeLt . $= eTnf jf huN6f 7f8f]
Psf] lh\lu|\u . > lhl\luglhl\lg c) lqm) lhl\u kg{ lhl\ xg . lhL! gf)
f kx]Fnf sf kft xg,] k|foM ;]lknf] hldgdf pd|g,] vfFbf tf]Lsf] ;fuh:t} xg] Ps lsl
;dsf] ;fu . lj) @= bAnL kftnL . lhL@ gf) [ef]) a)] hgsk c~rnsf] Ps kxf8L e]u . lvD
6] lj) k8\sf] jf ga9]sf] UofFr] bAnf] . ~ lvDtL gf) != lhL glhs}sf] lvDtL gfds 7f
F . lj) @= lhLlvD6] . #= t]x|yd lhNnfsf] Ps k|l;4 7fpF . ~ lvDt] lj) != lhL lvDtLs
f] . gf) @= lh]n . #= lh] dfG5] . \ ] (g jf gfL) . lh] lj) [;+) hLf P] ga9]sf] UofF
~ v;f{gLvf];f{gL gf) != ;fgf] vfnsf] ltSv lkf] vf];f{gL . @= ;fgf] eP klg tLvf] 68\
sfnf] JolQm . lj) #= 6f7f]af7f] 5f]6f]5ltf] . ~ emf gf) lhfsf em}F bfgf kmNg] Ps k|sf
f] emf Hjfg] . lh]n gf) [ef]) a) lhL Pn] != g]kfn clwfHosf] hgsk c~rndf kg]{ fd]5f
sf] cf;kf;df a:g] Ps lxdfnL hflt ltgsf] efiff . lj) @= lhLsf] lhL;DaGwL .

lhDbf] lj) [;+) hLjGt] lhpFbf] . lhDa gf) [ef]) a)] nfdfnfdf, dl;gf kft uGw] emfsf
em}F yFuf k]sf KofhL sf k"mn xg], uGb|sh:t} b]lvg]], l3pt]ndf kmfP bfn, tsfL c
emfGg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] jg:klt cfojb {] sf cg;f skm, jfo zdg ug]{ x[bonfO{ lxt
ug]{ ;f]xL a6L lhDd . lhDd gf) [;+) hDafn] lxnf] ePsf] ynyn] 7fpF lhdfxf 7fpF . l
hDdf gf) [c) lhDd] != lau|]gfl;Pdf cfk"m hjfkmb]xL agL lnOPsf] sg} cleeff pQbfloTj c
leeff hjfkmb]xL . @= lhDdfsf] cleeff jxg ug]{n] a]xf]g{kg]{ Ltcg;fsf] sd cflb ltf
hdfgL gf) sg} JolQm efuLgf;L uPdf To;sf] hjfkmb]xL cfk"m xg] uL hdfgL a:g] sfd h
LphdfgL . jf lj) cleeff lng] lhDdf lng] lhDd]jf . jfL gf) x]) lhDd]jfL . jfn
lng] cleeff lng] pQbfloTj jxg ug]{ lhDd]jf . gf) @= e"ldk|zf;g nfu" xge  Gbf k"j{ k
f8L e]usf hldgsf] dfnkf]t c;n uL ;sfdf aemfpg] k|dv 7]s]bf lhDjfn . jfnL gf) !=
dfjfnn] ug]{ sfd lhDdfjfnsf] sfd jf cleeff . @= lhDdfjfnn] kfpg] sld;g . lhDd]bf lj)
[c) lhDd kmf) bf] x]) lhDd]jf . > lhDd]bfL gf) lhDd]jfL . lhDd]jf lj) [c)] lhDdf ln
eff lng] pQbfloTj jxg ug]{ pQbfoL . > lhDd]jfL gf) lhDd]jfsf] sfd cleeff pQbflo
DdfjfL lhDd]bfL . lhld|glhlDng c) lqm) [;+) cTo"idn > k|f) cRrDxn g] != kfgL rfl
t gtftL tfTb};]nfpFb} ug{ . @= kfgL cflb plDnFb};]nfpFb} u] . srlN6g . lhDjfn gf) [
lhDdf jfn] lhDdfjfn . lho gf) [;+) hLj] zLsf ;Dk"0f{ cjoj hLp zL b]x ufy . lhofO
!= lhpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof afFRg] sfd . [lhofp cfO] @= lhofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof arfp
g] sfd . [ > ] lhofOg s) lqm) hLljt ufOg arfOg . lhofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != dg{ n
fu]sfnfO{ cf}ifwLsf] k|of]u jf cGo sg} lqmofff arfpg af}fpg lapFtfpg . @= lhpg] k
fg{ arfpg . lhofnf] lj) [lho cfnf]] != lhpFbf] ;hu . @= sg} sfdsfdf w]} l6Sg] hf
#= w]} afFRg] . lhx gf) [kmf) lhx] != sg} d2fdfldnfdf ;To sf kQf nufpgsf nflu 3df
O{lkmfO{ jf bf]xf]ofO{tx ] ofO{ ;f]Wg] sfd sfs] . @= sg} d2fsf] ax;sf] l;nl;nfdf jf
L jf k|ltjfbLtkm{sf] dVo egfOsf] 5fglag lhqmL lhls .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

lh/f]lhlNng lhf] gf) [c\)] z"Go . lhn lqm) lj) [c) d") lhn\ c] 5Ss cfZro{rlst eP
nfO gf) [ lhnfp ( cfO)] lhnfpg] lsl;d jf sfo{ . s]nfO gf) != ds}, sf]bf], uxF cflbnf
O{ ;kmf ug{ lhnfpg]s]nfpg] sfd s]nfOsnfO . @= rf] cflbff ePesf] >L;DklQ l;LvL kfg]
fd . #= vlgPsf] jf hf]ltPsf] hUufsf emfkft ;fkm ug]{ sfd . [ > ] lhnfOg s) lqm) l
hnfpg] sfd ulg . lhnfOnf] lj) lhnfpg of]Uo . lhnfpg! ;) lqm) [lhnf] cfp g] != ds}, w
g cflb 5g{, f]KgeGbf klxn] emf pvNg] 8Nnf kmf]g]{ sfd ug{ v]tLsf nflu afL tof kfg
{ . @= ds}, sf]bf], uxF cflbsf 7f];f s]nfpg sl;\u 5fpg . #= s]xL lhnf] klg afFsL
gfvL ;a} lofP n}hfg xn;ff] kfg{ . $= lhK6fpg . lhnfpg@ ;) lqm) [hLp nfp g] x]
lhnL gf) [ lhnf]] != t?n, luf cflb sGbsf] d"n aLh . @= sg} j:tleqsf] ;ftj . #= d"n
wg kFhL . $= ;fFjf wg ;fpF . %= aLp lhnf] . ufF7L gf) != af]6la?jfsf hfb]lv 6Kkf];
dsf sGb, k|sf08, kmn, k"mn cflb ;Dk"0f{ j:t . @= cflbb]lv cGTo;Ddsf ;a} sf gfnLa
]nL a]nLlj:tf . #= ePesf] ;a} sf ;j{:j l;LvL . uf7 ] ufG6] lj) lhnLem}F hqfs
8\s] ufG6] UofFr] lhLlvD6] . lhn]aL gf) h]L f]6Lsf] ;fgf] k|sf . lhnf] gf) [k|f)
< ;+) hL0f{] != d"n k'h F L . @= vr{ u] afFsL x]sf] z]if j:t' jf k'FhL . #= lkF8fn'
, ;vvG8 cflb sGbsf] d'Vo aLh lhnL . $= hLjglgjf{x ug]{ ljifoj:t' . ef] gf) u'd]sf] j
f gi6 ePsf] ;DklQsf] Ifltk"lt{ . ldnf] gf) rncrn ;DklQ >L;DklQ l;Lv'L wg;DklQ hfoh
{:j . xf] gf) != s'g} Jofkf, Joj;fo cflbdf nufOPsf] d"n k'FhL g} ufoa x'g] lsl;dsf]
6'f . @= lg7' lsl;dsf] lhK6fO ;j{:jx0f . lhnf}6f] gf) [lhnf]cf}6f] . != sf]bf], ds}
lbsf af]6sf] hf] 7f];f] . @= lhnfpg'kg]{ jf lhnfpFbf cfPsf emf, a'6]g cflb . > lhnf
}6fO gf) lhnf}6fpg] sfo{ jf lsl;d . lhnf}6fOg' s) lqm) lhnf}6f] 5'fOg' . lhnf}6fpg'
m)k|]) lqm) sf]bf], ds} cflbsf hf 5'fpg' lhnf}6f] s]nfpg' . lhNb gf) [c)] k':tssf] ;'
fsf lglDt sk8f, sfut, 5fnf cflbn] d9] aflxkl b'jl} t nufOg] df]6f] kq lhNnf uftf bt
f lj) aflxkl lhNb xflnPsf] uftf ePsf] ;lhNb . ~ aGbL gf) k':tsdf uftf xfNg] sfd
468

k':tssf] lhNb afFWg] sfd . ~ ;fh lj) != k':tsdf uftf xfNg] lhNb afFWg] lhNb afFWg]
k];f ePsf] . gf) @= To:tf] k];fdf nfu]sf] JolQm . lhNkmL gf) [ lhn]aL] lhn]aL h'Nkm
L f]6L . lhNn lqm) lj) [c) d") lhn] != s'g} sfds'f o;f] xf] ls p;f] xf] eGg] lgZro u
g{ g;sL lanvaGb x'g] uL ls+st{Joljd"9 eP cndNn k] kSs jfNn . @= s'g} c;fdfGo s'f b
Zro{rlst eP 5Ss . lhNnf gf) [c) lhnf] != k|zf;lgs ;'ljwfsf b[li6n] afFl8Psf], ufpFe
Gbf 7"nf] c~rneGbf ;fgf] ef}uf]lns If]q . (g]kfndf &% lhNnf 5g\) . @= Onfsf . ~
cbfnt gf) lhNnftxdf d'2fdfldnfsf] OG;fkm ug]{ cf lhNnf:tsf] Gofofno ;'? cbfnt . ~ sfo
f{no gf) k|dv ' lhNnf ' clwsfLsf] sfof{no . > lhNnfwLz gf) cr]nsf] k|dv lhNnf clwsfL
;xsf] xflsd a8fxflsd . ~ GofofwLz gf) lhNnf cbfntdf k]sf d'2fdfldnfsf] OG;fkm ug]{ c
lws[t lhNnf cbfntsf xflsd . ~ k~rfot gf) k~rfotsfnLg ufpF jf gu/ k~rfoteGbf dflyNn
f] txsf] k~rfot . ~ k|zf;g gf) lhNnfsf] zf;g ;'rf? kn] rnf] ; \ eGgfsf lglDt ulPsf]
Joj:yf lhNnfsf] zf;gJoj:yf . ~ ljsf; ;ldlt gf) != ufpF jf gu/ ljsf; ;ldlteGbf dfl
yNnf] tx . @= lhNnfdf lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwxsf] ;ef . lhNnffd lj) [lhNnfd] != s'g} c;fdfG
o 36gf cfOkbf{ jf cgf}7f] s'f] b]Vtf lanvaGbdf k]sf] 5Ss kfg]{ . @= lhNn k]sf] ls+st{
Joljd"9 ePsf] cfZro{rlst bbf; . lqm) lj) #= To;L lanvaGb, lhNn jf rlst x'g] uL . lhNn
fjf;L lj) [lhNnfjf;L] lhNnfsf] ef}uf]lns If]qleq a:g] lhNnflgjf;L . lhNnf ;ef lhNnfs
f] of]hgf th'{df tyf ljsf; lgdf{0fsf nflu lgjf{lrt hgk|ltlglwxsf] ;ef . lhNnf ;sf gf
) [lhNnf;sf] lhNnfsf] zf;gJoj:yf ;'rf? kn] ;~rfng ug{ b]zsf] P]g, lgodsfg'gadf]lhd u
l7t zf;sd08n lhNnfsfo{kflnsf . lhNnf :tLo lj) [lhNnf:tLo] lhNnf txsf] lhNnfaf6 g} x'g
jf 6'
\lug ;Sg] lhNnfsf cfwfdf ulg] lhNnfsf] k|zf;lgs clwsfleqsf] . lhNnf x'nfs gf)
Nnfx'nfs] lhNnf :tsf] x'nfs jf 8fFsvfgf . lhlNng c) lqm) [lhNn O g] != sg} kll:yltd
f sg} 36gf cfOkbf{ s] ug],{ s] gug]{ lgwf] ug{ g;s] lhNn kg{ sg} sfdsf s;L eof]
yfxf kfpg g;s] lhNnffd kg{ 5Ss kg{ . @= o:tf] xf]nf eg] yfxf g} gkfO{sg

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

469

lhi0fhLjg j:t cflbnfO{ ;RofO{ km]l alnof] fd|f] kfg]{ sfd gjLs0f dDdt l:yTo4f
[;+)] != k|f0fwfL :yfj (v, la?jf cflb) h\ud (dfG5], sLf, kz cflb) . @= k|f0fLsf] c
Tdfdf x]sf] tj k|f0ftj k|f0fkv]? . #= k|f0fLsf] r]tgtj cfTdf hLjfTdf . s gf) ;fg
xg,] n;gsf] kf]6Lh:tf] sGb xg], lxdfnodf kfOg] Ps hftsf] a6L . sNk gf) kftjcg
;f k[YjLdf hLjsf] ;[li6 ePb]lv cfh;Ddsf] ;do cfheGbf ;GtfpGg sf]8 jif{klxn] k|fDe e
Psf] ;do kfhLjs, dWohLjs gjhLjsh:tf tLg sfnfjlwdf afFl8Psf] ou . sf]if gf) k|To]s
hLjdf xg] ;"Id t cfkm}Fdf k"0f{ hLjf0f ;]n . ~ hut\ gf) k[YjLdf ePsf k|f0fLxsf] ;d
bfo hLjxsf] ;+;f hGthut\ k|f0fLhut\ . ~ hGt gf) != k[YjLdf ePsf ;fgf 7"nf ;a} k|f0f
kz kG5L, sLfkm6f\uf | cflb hLjft . @= sg} b]z jf ;dosf k|f0fL jf k|f0fLsf] ;d"x . #
= ;fgf hLj 7"nf hGt . $= hLj;dbfo . hLjt\ lj) [;+)] ;hLj lhPsf] . ~ kltsf lj) nf]
Ug] lhpFb} ePsL (:qL) P]efFtL ;wjf . ~ kTgL lj) :jf:gL lhpFb} ePsf] (k?if) . ~ lkt
[s lj) afa lhpFb} ePsf] (k?if) . kqs lj) ;Gtfg lhpFb} ePsf] (k?if) . ~ klqsf l
j) ;Gtfg lhpFb} ePsL (:qL) . hLjTj gf) [;+)] hLjdf xg] wd{ k|f0fLdf xg] r]tgtj k|f0ft
. hLjb|Jo gf) [;+)] hLjdf xg] jf hLjsf nflu cfjZos b|j0fzLn kbfy{ . hLjwg gf) [;+)]
ufO{e}F;L, afv|fkf7f kfn] sdfOg] wg kzkfngff cflh{t wg kzwg uf]wg . hLjwfL gf) [
;[li6sf ;fgf7"nf ;a} k|f0fL hLjhGt hLjft . hLjg gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf] hGdb]lv d[T
o;Ddsf] ;do lhGbuL . @= zLdf k|f0f x];Ddsf] cj:yf k|f0fLsf] hLljt cj:yf k|f0fjfg\ cj
yf . #= afFRg] 9\u jf aFrfpg] zlQm (k|f0ftj) . $= lhpFbf]kg . ~ snf gf) hLjgnfO{ ;
Gb ;fjfg\ agfpg] ;Lk fd|L afFRg] snf . ~ qmd gf) hLjgsf] ljsf;sf] qmd hGdb]lv afFr
]nsf ljleGg txsf] qmd . ~ r\uf gf) slj, bfz{lgs cflbff r\ufsf kdf sNkgf ulPsf] hLjg
rltrlq gf) != hLjge u]sf k|dv sfo{xsf] ljj0f hLjgj[QfGt . @= hLjgj[QfGt n]lvPsf
~ rof{ gf) hLjgsf qmddf cFuflnPsf] b}lgs sfo{qmd hLjgdf lbglbg} ulg] sfo{qmd lbgrof
{ b}lgs lgod . ~ lrGtg gf) hLjg o;sf ;d:of tyf x:oaf] ulg] ;fdflhs jf bfz{lgs

5lsg . > lhNNofO gf) lhlNng] jf lhNNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lhNNofOg s) lqm) lh
Nn tNofOg . lhNNofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) lhNn kfg{ 5Ss kfg{ 5sfpg . lhi0f lj) [;
+)] != ;w}F lhTg] ;a}lt ljho xfl;n ug]{ . gf) @= ch{g . #= lji0f . lh:sg c) lqm)
[O;\ sg{ > lh;\ sg] != dgf]ljgf]bsf nflu s;};Fu Vofn7f ug{ jf rNg xF:;LlbNnuL ug{
. @= k|d ] jf ltfusf] efjgfn] lulhg s]xL pQfpnf] af]nLJojxf ug{ l5lNng Otlg . >
:sfO gf) lh:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lhl:sg c) lqm) lh:sg lh:sg] xf]Og . lh:SofO gf
) lhl:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lh:SofOg s) lqm) luHofOg jf h\UofOg . lh:Sofpg ;)
lqm)k|) ] lqm) != luHofpg jf lulhg] kfg{ . @= rnfpg jf h\Uofpg . lh:Sofx6 gf) l
h:SofO luHofx6 . lh:tf gf) [kmf) b:t] gn]lvPsf] rf}aL; tfp sfutsf] ;d"x ;fbf sfutsf
] rf}aL; tfp . lhXjf gf) [;+)] lha|f] . > lhXjfu| gf) lha|fsf] aLrb]lv 6Kkfsf] ln
a|L;Ddsf] efu cu|lhXjf n]u|f] lha|] lzv . kZr gf) lha|fsf] dfemb]lvsf] hf;Ddsf] efu
lhXjf lha|] dfemluF8 lha|] cfbdff]b]lv lha|] km]bL;Ddsf] efu . dWo gf) lha|fsf] aLr
sf] efu lha|] dfemluF8 . d"n gf) lhXjfd"nLo Wjlgxsf] pRrf0fdf ;xfotf kofpg] lha|fsf
hf] jf km]bL lha|] km]bL . d"nLo lj) lha|fsf] d"n jf hfaf6 pRrlt xg] (Wjlg) cof]u
(Wjlg, h:t} lj;u{ cflb) . nf]nk  lj) nf]eL lha|f] ePsf] dL7f] vfg]sf b]Vbf dg yf
Dg g;Sg] ltxgrvjf :jfb] lha|] . hL gf) [lhohLp] != ;xL yfKtf jf af]nfj6sf] k|ToQdf
elgg] zAb Ho" . k|To) @= gfdsf k5fl8 nfUg] ;Ddfg;"rs zAb x]) Ho" (fdhL, lzjhL O)) .
cfdf gf) afasL jf cfdfsL cfdf Hofdf aHo} lktfdxL jf dftfdxL xhcfdf . hLp gf) x]
. hLpwg gf) x]) lhpwg . hLpkfnf lj) x]) lhpkfnf . hLpkfnf] gf) x]) lhpkfnf] . hLpdff
lj) x]) lhpdf/f . hLp;frf lj) x]) lhp;fFrf . hLt gf)lj)x]) lht . hLafhLafa' gf) x]) l
af . hL0f{ lj) [;+)] != w]} lbgsf] eP yf]lq;s]sf] dlSsPsf] uln;s]sf] k'fgf] yf]qf]
kr]sf] . #= fd|L kfs]sf] . bf gf) Ps hftsf] ;fgf] af6'Nkft] (jg:klt) . > hL0ff]{4f
k'fgf], yf]qf] jf eTs]lau|]sf] 3, dlGb,

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

hLjgLhLjft lsl;dsf] lrGtg . ~ hut\ gf) != hLjhut\ . @= hLjg hut\ . ~ hn gf) emf8faf
Gtf nfu]sf a]nfdf lb;faf6 uPsf] zLsf] kfgLsf] sdLnfO{ k"f ug{ kfgLdf 3f]n] agfOg] cf
}ifwLo'Qm k]o hn . b lj) hLjg lbg] dg{ glbg] . ~ bz{g gf) hLjgsf] pTklQ, cGTo cflba
f] ljrf ug]{ b[li6sf]0f . ~ bLk gf) != hLjgsf] lbof] . @= Hofb} lk|o JolQm s;}sf] cf
wf ag]sf] JolQm . #= cfFvf rd{rIf' . ~ b[li6 gf) hLjgnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6 hLjgbz{g . ~ w
g gf) != hLjgdf ;a}eGbf Koff] j:t' jf JolQm hLjg;j{:j . @= hLjgdf cfh{g u]sf] d'Vo w
g . #= nf]Ug] klt . ~ lgjf{x gf) afFRgnfO{ rflxg] ;fwg h'6fP hLjg wfGg] sfo{ . ~ k4
lt gf) afFRg] z}nL jf lzNk hLjgsnf . ~ d'lQm gf) of]uflb cEof; c}t ljBfsf] cEof;af6
hLljt cj:yfd} dfofhfnaf6 k|fKt ulg] d'lQm . d[t lj) d'bf{;dfg eO{ afFr]sf] d]h:t} jf
d]afa eP afFr]sf] . ~ d[To' gf) lhpFb}df s'g} ckfw jf s'sd{n] ubf{ d]t'No x'g' k]s
ylt . ~ ofkg gf) hLljsf hLjglgjf{x . ~ ; gf) hLljt xgsf nflu cfjZos ; hLjhGt'sf sf]i
xg] ; k| f 0ftj vfBf] h le6fldg . ~ ljj0f gf) hLjgj[QfGt . ~ j[If gf) slj, bfz{l
t t' n gf u] sNkgf u] s f] hLjg . ~ j[QfGt gf) hLjgrlt . ~ j[lQ gf) afFRgsf nflu cFu
lnPsf] k];f hLjglgjf{ x sf nflu ulPsf] k| a Gw hLljsf . ~ ;
\u|fd;
\3if{ gf) cl:tTjsf]
f0f tyf hLjgsf] ;'Iffsf nflu ljgafwfxsf lj?4 h'Wg]le8\g] ljs6 kll:yltl;t ;fdgf ulg]
fd hLjgsf] To:tf] ;
\u|fd jf ;
\3if{ . ~ :t gf) afFRgsf nflu pkof]u tyf pkef]u ulg] ;fw
sf] u'0f jf kldf0fsf b[li6n] afFRg] lzNksf b[li6n] lgwf{lt x'g] hLjgsf] :yfg, tx j
f >]0fL . > hLjgflwsf gf) != afFRgsf nflu cfjZos clwsf . @= hLjgsf] afFRg] clwsf . h
LjgL gf) [;+)] != hLjge u]sf sfds'fsf] qmda4 n]v jf syg hLjgrlq hLjgrlt . @= s;}sf]
;DaGwL Oltj[Q . ~ n]vs gf) hLjgL n]Vg] JolQm hLjgrltsf rgfsf . hLjgf]bo gf) [;+)] !=
Ljgsf] cfudg hLjgsf] pbo hGd . @= x'sf{O . #= pGglt rlt{snf . hLjGt lj) [;+)] lhpFbf
] hLljt . tf gf) hLjGt x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt lhpFbf]kgf hLljttf . hLjlGtsf gf) [;+)]
= vsf] Ps k|sfsf] f]u P]Fh]? . @= cf}ifwLsf kdf k|of]udf cfpg] Ps nxf] u'hf]{ . hLjG
f) [;+)] != b"w lg:sg], u'R5fsf kmn kmNg], kft cf}ifwLsf kdf k|of]u x'g] Ps ntf hLj
lGtsf . @= kx]Fnf]
470

xf]{ . #= v cflbdf knfpg] P]Fh]? . hLjGd'St lj) [;+)] != cfTd1fg k|fKt u] hLljt cj:yf
df g} ;f+;fls dfofhfnaf6 d'Qm ePsf] . @= ;f+;fls ljifo;'vdf cf;Qm gePsf] j}fuL ljSt .
#= d]sf] d[t . > hLjGd'lSt gf) hLjgd'Qm ePsf] cj:yf . hLjGd[t lj) [;+)] != s'g} pBf]
u jf k'?iffy{ljgf lhpFb} d]t'No eO{ afFr]sf] lhpFb} d]sf] afFr]sf] eP klg d]sf] eg] x
'g] . @= k
\u' lasfd] cy{ g ay{;Fu afFr]sf] . hLjGof; gf) [;+)] b]jd"lt{xdf dGqff k|f
|lti7f ulg] ljlw d"lt{sf] k|f0fk|lti7f . hLj eIfL lj) [;+)] hLjhGt'nfO{ vfg] df+;eIf
L lx+;|s . hLj dlGb gf) [;+)] hLj xg] 3 zL b]x (zLsf] dfgjtfjfbL :tLs0f) . hLj
. hLj nf] s gf) [;+ ) ] != dfG5] b ] l v lnP kz' k IfL, sLfkm6f
\u|f cflb ;Dk"0f{ hL
jhGt' a:g] nf]s dTo{nf]s dTo{d08n k[lyjLtn . @= k|f0fLxsf] ;d'bfo jf ;+;f . hLj lj1fg
gf) [;+)] hLjhGt'sf] pTklQ, :jk, ljsf;, afgLa]xf]f cflbsf] cWoog ulg] jf hLjsf ;DaG
wdf j:t'ut cWoog ulg] lj1fg k|f0fLzf:q jg:kltzf:qsf] ;+o'Qm :jk . > hLj lj1fgL lj) h
Ljlj1fg hfGg] hLjlj1fgsf] 1ftf hLjzf:qL . hLj j[lQ gf) [;+)] hLjglgjf{xsf nflu ufO{
a:t' cflb kfNg] sfd hLjhGt'sf] kfngff ulg] hLjglgjf{x kzkfng . hLjz]if lj) [;+)] !=
; dfq afFsL ePsf] dg}{ nfu]sf] d0ff;Gg . gf) @= hLjfZd hLjfjz]if . hLj ;\qmd0f gf) [;
)] kgh{Gdjfbsf cg;f hLjn] Pp6f zLnfO{ 5f8] csf]{ zLdf k|jz ] ug]{ sfd ksfok|jz ]
;fwg gf) [;+)] != hLjhGtaf6 k|fKt xg] ;fdu|L . @= hLjgsf nflu cfjZos cGg cflb
;fwg . hLj xTofhLj lx+;f gf) [;+)] hLjhGtnfO{ dfg]{ sfd k|f0fLsf] xTof . hLjf gf) [
;+)] != wgsf] 8f]L tfFbf] . @= rfksf bO{ 6KkfnfO{ hf]8\g] ;n ]vf . #= hLjGtL ntf
. hLjf0f gf) [;+)] != ;"Idbz{s oGqaf6 dfq b]Vg ;lsg] t ;j{q JofKt, xlts0flxt ;fwf0f
sf]ifs]Gb| dfq xg] Pssf]ifLo jf axsf]ifLo hLj kl5 a9] :y"n hLjgsf] k wf0f ug]{ clt
;"Id ;hLj c0f . @= cg]s k|sfsf f]u pTkGg ug]{ hLjgzlQmoQm sL6f0f (AofS6]lof, ef
O; O)) . ~ gfzs lj) f]u hGdfpg] hLjf0f jf sL6f0fxnfO{ gfz ug]{ (cf}ifwL) . hLjft gf
) [;+)] hnr, ynr, ger ;Dk"0f{ hLj;d"x

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

471

hLjfTdfhem\g r:g], lzefu kR5efun] 6]sL lxF8\g], xf8ljxLg ns]{ nfDrf] sLf] hsf
@= dflg;sf] k]6df kg]{ uF8f}nfsf cfsfsf] t ghflgFbf] ;]tf] xf8ljxLg sLf] . > hs ] l
j) hsf;DaGwL hsf ePsf] hsfh:tf] . hStg c) lqm) [;+) oQm g] ?lkofFk; } f, dfn;fd
fg cflb rflxg] j:t hDdf xg ?lkofFk; } f, dfn;fdfg cflbsf] Joj:yf xg hf]uf8 x
g h6\g . > hStfO gf) hStg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hStfOg s) lqm) hStfO k"0
f{ ulg h6fOg . hStfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) cfjZos ;;fdfgsf] hf]hfd ug{ hDdf kfg
fpg . hlSt gf) [;+) olQm] != sg} sf hfGg, ag, kfpg jf sg} ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ c
Fuflng] pkfo olQm . @= lsNnL x:o s8L . hlStg c) lqm) [hQm O g] sg} sfdsf nflu r
;a} dfn;fdfg h6g \  rflxg] ;a} sf pknAw xg hStg . hSTofO gf) hlStg] jf hS
tfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . hSTofOg s) lqm) hStfOg h6fOg . hSTofpg k|) ] lqm) hDdf
kfg{ hStfpg h6fpg . hu gf) [;+) ou] != kf0fdf jl0f{t ;To, q]tf, fk sln uL
6sf rf r0fdWo] sg} Ps . @= ljz]if kll:yltsf ;fy uhs ]| f] ;do hdfgf sfn . #= w]} ji
{sf] ;do nfdf] ;do . $= bO{ j:tsf] ;dbfo . %= kf;fsf v]ndf bO{ kf;fdf pxL ;\Vo
f kg{ cfPdf xg] ljz]if bfp . ^= ;f]xL v]ndf Pp6} 3df a;]sf bO{ uf]6L . &= hf]8L
(lbJo)) . ~ hu gf) != Hofb} nfdf] ;do bL3{ sfn Ps oukl5sf] csf]{ ou . lqm) lj)
@= w]} nfdf] ;do;Dd ouf}; F Dd . ~ a8fO gf) w]} ;dosf] latfO nfdf] ;dosf] uhf |O .
hufbL gf) [;+) ouflb] != ousf] cflb . lj) @= ou k|fDe ePsf a]nfsf] . #= cg]sf
}F hu;Dd l6Sg] nfdf] ;do;Dd l6Sg] huftL . lqm) lj) $= w]} ;do;Dd nfdf] cjlw;Dd . ~
gjdL gf) ousf] cflbsf] gjdL sflt{s zSn gjdL sidf08 gjdL . hufghu lqm) lj) [ou
f}Fou] != ouf}F;Dd w]} nfdf] cjlw;Dd . @= cg]sf}F k:tf;Dd . gf) #= ououfGt . h
uK;f gf) [;+)] != sg} gfd|f] sfk|lt 3[0ff . @= lgGbf . #= aLeT; ;sf] :yfoLefj .
> hul  K;t lj) x]o dflgPsf] lgGbf ulPsf] 3[0ff ulPsf] uXo{ lglGbt 3[l0ft . hhaGb
[c) hh kmf) aGbL] k:ts kl:tsfsf] k|To]s kmdf{ cnucnu l;O{ ufF:g] Pp6f tlsf hhafO
lG8 . hhw  f} gf) [g]jf)] a];L ttfPsf b"wdf s];, lrgL cflb ld;fO{ fd|fl] ;t hdfP to
kflPsf] bxL efbufpFn] bxL . hem\g c) lqm) [;+) ow \ g] hWg n8\g le8\g ;\3i
n8fOF ug{ . > hemfO gf) hg] sfo{ o4 . hemfOg

k|f0fL hLj . hLjfTdf gf) [;+)] k|f0fLsf] b]xleq x]sf] hLjtj k|f0f cfTdf . hLjfGts lj
;+)] != hLjsf] cGTo ug]{ k|f0fnfO{ x0f ug]{ hLjsf] ;+xfs . gf) @= odfh sfn dxf\sfn
fjz]ifhLjfZd gf) [;+)] k|frLg sfnb]lv rfgdf kL lylrP x]sf jf hldgsf] leqL txaf6 lgsfl
Psf k|frLg sfnsf hLj, jg:klt cflbsf] cZdLe"t jf 9u \ fdf kl0ft k (kmf]l;n) . hLljs
f gf) [;+)] != hLjgj[lQ hLpkfnf] . @= k];f Joj;fo . > hLljsf]kfh{g gf) hLjglgjf{xsf
nflu ulg] cfh{g hLjgofkgsf] ;fwg h6fpg ulg] sfd . hLljt lj) [;+)] hLjg ePsf] afFr]sf
] lhpFbf] . tf gf) hLljt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf hLjGttf . hLjL k|To) [;+)] k|f0fwf0f u
]{ afFRg] (zAbfGtdf dfq k|oQ  m, h:t} bL3{hLjL, al4hLjL, lr~hLjL O)) . hL xh lj) a
f]) x]) xh . hu f gf) [;+) h'
u \ ] != nf]Ug]dfG5] pd]bf ePkl5 dflyNnf] cf]7 gfss
Lrsf] efudf pd|g] f}s F f] u'hN ' 6] nx h'3 F f h'
f . @= wfg, ds}, ux'F cflbdf x'g] f
h F :tf] nfdf] j:t' . #= s]xL efn] cyjf kf]yL kz'x (s's', lafnf, af3, lrt'jf O)) sf
y't'gfdfly pd|g] tLvf sfF8] f}F . ~ d'7 ] lj) != fd|}l;t h'Fuf pld|;s]sf] jo:s eO;s
]sf] pd]bf . @= cfgf] enf]se ' nf] ;f]Rg ;Sg] ;dy{ hdfdb{ . h'Fu] lj) [h'FufP] != n
]} h'Fuf ePsf] (k'?if) . @= h'Fufbf . #= h'F3] h'
] . ~ wfg gf) Ps k|sfsf] wfg df;L{
df;L{ . ~ df;L{ gf) h'u F ] wfg . h'F3f gf)x]) h'u F f . ~ d'7] lj) h'u F fd'7] .
h'F3] lj)x]) h'u F ]. h'F
f gf)x]) h'Fuf . ~ d'7 ] lj) h'u F fd'7] . h'
F ] lj)x]) h'
F ]. h'Olgg c) lqm) [hOg O g] Ps kof]sf] dfq n8 F L afl6g] sfd xg hOgdf kl0ft
xg . hOg gf) [k|f) hf]c0ff] < ;+) of]hg] efL afFWgsf nflu kfn, w:g, v, aflaof]
cflbsf] Ps kof] dfq a6fL agfOPsf] 8f]L . hOGofO gf) [ hOlg ( ofO)] hOlgg] jf hOg
a6fg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] hOGofOg s) lqm) hOg afl6g . hOGofOnf] lj) af6] j
f afl6P hOgf] xf]nfh:tf] hOgh:tf] . hOGofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) hOg af6\g hOg
kfg{ hOgsf kdf a6fg{ . hsfhsf] gf) [;+) o"s  hnf}sf < hn o"sf] != l;d;fsf jg:k
f x] k|f0fLsf] 5fnfdf dv hf]tL ut

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

h6\ghg s) lqm) hwfOg n8fOg . hemfpg k|) ] lqm) hg] kfg{ hg nufpg . hemf
f) hemfO . hemf] gf) o4 ug]{ sfd hWg] sfd o4 hwfO . h6 \ g c) lqm) != cfjZos
fn;fdfg hg{ hDdf xg . @= ;ef cflbdf jf sg} sfdsf nflu dflg;x e]nf xg { Gbf a
9Lsf] ;d"x Pslqt xg . > h6 gf) != bO{ jf bOe bn hdft ;\u7g . (pbf) o; sfddf ;a}
sh6 eP nfuf}F) . @= tf;sf kmfF; cflb v]ndf bO{j6f pxL kQL Ps;fy cfpFbf kg]{ bfp
. h6 gf) [c\)] ;gkf6 k6jf ;g . ~ pBf]u gf) ;gkf6df cfwflt pBf]u . ~ sfvfgf gf) ;g
6 ljleGg dfn tof kfg]{ sfvfgf . ~ v]tL gf) ;gkf6sf] v]tL . ~ k|; ] gf) ;gkf6nfO{ ly
r] 5ltf] sd 7fpF cf]u6\g] kfg]{ oGq jf sfvfgf . ~ ldn gf) h6sfvfgf . h6fO gf) [
( cfO)] h6g \ ] lqmof jf k|lqmof hf]hfd . [ > ] h6fOg c) lqm) h6fO k"f xg . h6f
pg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) e]nf ug{ hStfpg h6g \ ] kfg{ h6g \ nufpg . hl6sf gf) [;
)] j}lbs ljlwcg;f lzsf aLrdf gsf6L jf gvf}L flvg] f}F lzvf 6kL . ~ aGwg gf) j|taG
cl3Nnf] lbgsf] ;fod\sfndf a6ssf] lzsf] tLglt j}lbs ljlwcg;f a|Xdf, lji0f, dxfb]j
sf] k|tLs :jk uf]a, cIftf, b"af], sz cflb x]sf] kf]6lnsf (kf]sf]) afFWg] lqmof . h
6\s]nf] gf) [;+) hfts Pnf]] ldu{ jf yfnsf] kf7f] . h7lk08 gf) [h7f] lk08] h7f] afg]
{ lk08 lbg] sfo{ cfzf}r tyf >f4 . > h7lk08L lj) != h7f] nfUg] . gf) @= glhssf bf
hefO jf j+zh . hl7g c) lqm) [h7f] O g] h7f] xg ckljq xg . h7 ] lj) [h7f] P]
7f]sf] h7f];DaGwL . h7]gh7]Ng gf) [h7f] PgPNg] h7f] kmfNg] ulPsf] 7fpF h7f ef
d:sfpg] jf dfg] 7fpF 5fg . h7f] gf) [k|f) hf] < ;+) hi6] != cfgf cfdfafa, bfhef
x dbf{ nfUg] cfzf}r d0ffzf}r . @= s;}n] vfP afFsL x]sf] vfg]sf] kf . lj) #= vfP
sf] plR5i6 h"7f] . ~ rnf] gf) efG;f p7]kl5 h7f] ;f]xf]g]{ / lnk kf]t ug]{ sfd . ~
efF8f] gf) efG;f / efF8f ;kmf ug]{ sfd h7f] rnf] . ~ ;"ts gf) cfzf}rflb . h7fO gf
) [ hl7 ( ofO)] h7f] kfg]{ sfo{ . [ > ] h7fOg s) lqm) h7f] kflg . h7fpg ;) lq
) ] lqm) != h7f] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . @= dv la6f]Ng jf la6f]Nofpg . h7fg gf
) [h7f] ofg] h7g ] h7N ] g . h8L gf) [;+) h"6 O{] 6kL 6KkL . h8f] lj) [;+) h8]
!= sfd ubf{ Hofb} l9nf] ug]{ sfdsfhdf Hofb} hD;f] nf];f] . @= sfd u]sf] b]Vtf lemFo
fx6nfUbf]
472

lbSsnfUbf] . gf) #= ljz]iftM hfkfg b]zdf k|rlnt cfTdIff jf zqbdgsf lglDt k|of]u
ulg] Ps snf Ps k|sfsf] v]n . > h8fO gf) h'D;f]kg nf];f]kgf l9nf;':tL . h'tf] gf)
't] != afv|f, e]8f cflbsf] uf]nfsf lji6f a8\s'Fnf] a8\sf}Fnf] asf}Fnf] . @= a8\sf}Fn
fxsf] dn . h'Qf gf) [k|f) h'Q] v'fdf nufpgsf] nflu 5fnf jf sk8f cflbnfO{ pko'Qm 9fF
rfdf l;O{ tof kflPsf] j:t' kfpsf] ;'Iff;fwg kfpkf]; kfpnf] . ~ vfg' 6') h'Qfn] lkl6d
' . (pbf) To;n] km]l grflxFbf] uof] eg] h'Qf vfnf) . > h'lQg' s) lqm) cff h'Qfn] lkl
h'Qfsf] df vfg' . h'QL gf) ;fgf] vfnsf] h'Qf . h'Qf] gf) [h'Qf] != h'Qf (t'R5fy{df)
. @= kmf6] yf]lqPsf] h'Qf gfd dfqsf] h'Qf . h'ofO gf) [ h'lQh'ofp (cfO)] h'lQg] jf
g] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] hofOg s) lqm) hQfn] lkl6g . hofpg ;) lqm) s;}nfO{ hQfn
] xfGg hQfsf] k|xf ug{ . hTofO gf) [ hTofp ( cfO)] htf] jf a8\sf}Fnf] kmfNg] lsl
;d jf sfo{ . [ > ] hTofOg s) lqm) htf] kmflng htf] emflg . hTofpg ;) lqm)k|)
] lqm) [htf] ofp g] e]8fafv|fn] la:6fpg htf] emfg]{ kfg{ . h4h4] gf) [;+) o4] o
4 n8fOF . hw\g c) lqm) [;+) ow \ g] != l;OaL ;fWg jf sg} sf k|fKt ug{ bO{ jf b
O{ ;d"xsf JolQmsf aLr k:k n8fOF xg o4 xg k:k G dlRrg . @= ;hftLo jf leGg hftL
hGt Ps csf{;Fu n8\g k:kdf l;, rRrf] cflbn] 3f]Rg], 7\g], 7]Ng] cflb uL le8\g . #
df]6 cflb k:kdf 7Ss vfg . > hwfO gf) hWg] jf hwfpg] lqmofk|lqmof n8fOF . hwfOg
) lqm) hWg] tNofOg . hwfOnf] lj) hWnfh:tf] hWg] kfnf{h:tf] . hwfpg k|) ] lq
m) hWg] kfg{ hWg nufpg . hwfg gf) n8\g] jf le8\g] sfd hWg] sfd n8Gt le8Gt . hw
f? lj) n8\gle8\g dg kfpg] hWg ?rfpg] o4b]lv kl5 gx6\g] ooT  ; hf]wf hf]wfxf . h
g c) lqm) != lel8g nl8g . @= 7Ss vfOg . } lj);j{) hg! ;j{) [;+) ot\] hf] h] (lto
s\) . > hg;s h];s  } h:tf];s  } hgsg} . hg@ gf) [c\)] u|u ] f]/L kfqf]cg;f/ j
if{sf] 5}6f}F dlxgf d] / hnfO{sf aLrdf kg]{ tL; lbg] dlxgf . hg# gf) [;+) Hof]T:
gf] != rGb|dfsf] ls0f rGb|lZd . @= rGb|df . lsL gf) zLsf] ;aeGbf kl5Nnf] efu s]xL
xg] To;af6 lemlnSslemlnSs b]lvg] dlngf] t h"gsf] h:tf] k|sfz lbFb} k|foM jiff{Ct
sf] ftdf p8\g] Ps

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

473

hgfkmh] Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f jjw"sf] u|xgIfq ldNg . #= st} k|:yfg ug{sf nflu jf sg}
ze sfo{sf nflu ;fOt lg:sg . hh gf) [c) d") h\ c (l))] != wdfwdsf] p7fO jf prfnfO
fsh?s . lqm) lj) @= To;L p7\g] jf prflng] uL . > hhfO gf) wdfwd p7\g] jf prfNg] lq
mofk|lqmof . hhfOg s) lqm) != wdfwd prflng . c) lqm) @= wdfwd pl7g . hhfpg c)
lqm) != hh p7g . ;) lqm) @= hh p7fpg . hhfx6 gf) hhfO . hhL lqm) lj
prflng] uL . \ != kmtL{kmftL{ hsds hd gf) [c) d") h\ d] tfpdfp . @= l;fp
#= kmlt{nf] jf tlD;nf] eP hsds ub}{ . > hdfO gf) hd ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof .
) lqm) hd ug]{ xg . hdfpg c) lqm) != hd ub}{ p7\g . @= tTk xg tlD;g .
) lqm) hdfpg . hdofO gf) hdlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hdofOg s) lqm) h
lg . hdofpg k|]) lqm) hdlg] kfg{ . hdofx6 gf) hdofO . hfO gf) [ h
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [hfp cfO] @= hfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hfOg s) l
qm) hg{] tNofOg h6fOg . hfpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != hg]{ kfg{ ;fOt cflb ldnfpg
. @= rflxg] ;;fdfg ;a} hf]g{ hStfpg h6fpg . hfkm! gf) [c) hkm] afO{ kfNg] lk
fsf] vf]n . hfkmhfa@ gf) [t) hf{a] df]hf . hL gf) [c\)] clelg0ff{os d08nL (cbf
) . h?s h?s gf) [c) d") h?s\ c (l))] dgdf nuftf cfOxg] pQ]hgf jf p]u . @= nuftfsf]
fO jf prfnfO . lqm) lj) #= To; k|sfsf] pQ]hgf, p]u jf p7fOsf ;fy . h?sd?s gf)lqm)
lj) [c) d") h?s\ c (l)) d?s] h?sh?s hsds hhL . h?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") h?s\ s
df prfNg] jf p7\g] lx;fan] . h? h? gf) [c) d") h?\ c(l))] != h?sh?s . @= l;l/l;l
lqm) lj) #= /f]df~rsf/L 9\un] . h?\ lqm) lj) [c) d") h?\ ] hf], eo, hf];, hf8f] cf
zLdf sDk xg], sfF8f pld|g] jf f]df~r xg] lsl;dn] l;l\ lhl\ . h] lj) [hf]
Fw]sf] . ~ sfkmn gf) nfDrf kft eO{ b"w cfpg] tyf ulnof, kx]Fnf kmn kmNg] Ps hfts
f] af]6 jf To;sf] kmn . ~ lrn gf) hf] xg], Ps hftsf] rLn l;pjfnf rLn . ~ t gf) sf}n

hftsf] sLf] vBf]t hlGsL . sf] 6s gf) h"gsf] pHofnf] . l6sL gf) rGb|laGb . hgfk
of]) [c) hgfa] pRr clwsfLsf ;dIf jf ;lGgs6 . hgf gf) ;Gtnfh:tf], cln s8f af]qmf s
]xL cldnf]kg xg] Ps hftsf] ulnof] kmn . ~ bfgf gf) hgfsf] kmn . hlgnf] lj) [h"g O
nf]] h"g ePsf] h"g nfu]sf] hg]nL . hgL gf) [;+) of]lg] != hLjg rf]nf . @= zL b]x .
kgh{Gdjfbsf cg;f k|f0fLn] d[Tokl5 kgMkgM k|fKt ug]{ hGd . ~ km]g { 6) != d
g{ nflu;s]sf] dflg; afFr] fd|f] :jf:Yosf] xg . @= rf]nf abNg . hg]nL lj) [h"g PnL
] != 6x6x h"g nfu]sf] rGb|dfsf] ls0fn] pHofnf] ePsf] (ft) . gf) @= h"gsf] k|sfz rGb|
dfsf] pHofnf] . hg]nf] gf) dnLds}sf h:tf af]6df emKkf k] bfgf nfUg] Ps yL cGg . h
lGsL gf) [h"g sLL] x]) hglsL . hdf | hdf | ] gf) [hd|f] < k|f) rDdO8f] < ;+) rDd{s
!= kl;gf cflbn] jf zLdf nufpg] nuf cflbdf don hDg uPdf hGdg], zLsf] ut r;] afFRg]
s hftsf] ;fgf] sLf] hd|f] ;]tf] hd|f] . @= skfndf nfUg] To:t} t leGg sf] sLf] sfnf]
] . #= dfG5]sf] 5fnfdf 6fFl;P a;]sf] xQkQ gb]lvg] Psbd ;fgf] cfsfsf] lsg{ rdhd|f]
. hDnf gf) != g]kfnsf] pQklZrd kxf8L e]usf] s0ff{nL c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . @= xf
n ;Dk"0f{ s0ff{nL c~rn ;dfj]z ePsf] ;uf}nL ;lGwk"j{ ab|Ls]bfnfO{;Dd 5g ku]sf],
afO;L fHodWo]sf] Ps fHo . #= k|frLg sfnsf] hfj]Zj e"ld hfj]Zj b]z . > hDnL lj) != h
Dnfdf a:g] hDnfsf] lgjf;L . @= hDnf;DaGwL hDnfsf] . gf) hDnflt af]lng] eflifsf
. hDn\ lqm) lj) [c) d") hDn\ ] eTnfsf ;fydf nfdf eTnf xNnfpFb} ofDNof\ . h
;+) odn] != Ps} k6s Pp6} ue{af6 hGd]sf hDNofxf . @= bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L 6fFl;P km
n]sf . gf) #= To;L hGd]sf aRrf jf kmn]sf kmn . hD;f] lj) [k|f) hDd;f]cf] < ;+) h
[Ddzf]s] != zf]sn] ubf{ xfO{ sf8\g] (JoTkGg cy{) . @= bAnf] dGRofF;] jf nf];f] (
k|rlnt cy{) . :qL) hD;L . > hD:ofO gf) h'D;f] x'gfsf] efj ;':tL l9nf]kgf . h'D:ofx
f lj) h'D;f] . h'D:ofxL lj) h'D;L . h'\g c) lqm) [;+) h6 \ g] != rflxPsf] jf sfd n
Ug] sg} sf st}af6 cs:dft\ cfOnfUg k|fKt xg e]l6g hf]hfd xg ljgfk|of; cfOkg{
@= ljjfxsf nflu

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hn ] Lh] c8fpg] sf7Lsf] hf] . ~ don gf) af]6 ;fgf] kft 7"nf] xg] Ps hftsf] don P
ftsf] ;fgf] h\unL gf:kftL . hn ] L gf) [hf] PnL] != hf] xg] kR5sf] dlGt ftf]
nf] cfsf] sfnf] xg] eFu]f]eGbf s]xL 7"nf] cfsfsf] rf] . @= nf]suLt cflbdf k|]dLf
dsfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb . lj) #= fd|f] :j ePsL sf]lsns07L . ~ s07 gf) h]nLsf] em}F
L7f] :j ePsf] s07 . sf] u8 gf) ;fgf] t fd|f] 3 ;a} ;'ljwf ePsf] ;fgf] lrl6Ss
~ y'Dsf] gf) b'O{lt lefnf] eO{ dfemdf ;nSs k]sf] 8fF8f] . h'n ] f] gf) [h'f]Pnf]]
mG8fpgsf nflu 3'dsf kL7df nufOPsf] plemG8f] . @= h']nL rf] . h'] ;'uf gf) [h'];'uf]
x'g] Ps hftsf] ;'uf . h'f] gf) [;+) h"6] != ;d]6] 6fpsfsf] Ps 7fpFdf u'h'N6f] kf]sf
] skfn . @= ;fF9]sf sfFwdfly e'Ss p7]sf] f}Fbf df;lk08 . #= wfg cflbsf s'lgpFdf u'
hN ' 6f] kf] agfOPsf] uh' . $= h']nL, 8fFkm], nfdk'R5] cflb kIfLsf lzdf p7]sf] 7f8f]
F . h'f{ gf) [kmf) h'] { Ps hftsf] efn] afhnfO{ a'emfpg] zAb efn] afh . h'nfO{ gf) [c
)] u|u ] f]L kfqf]cg';f O:jL jif{sf] ;ftf}F dlxgf h'geGbf kl5sf] cu:teGbf klxn]sf]
PstL;lbg] dlxgf . h'nfkmh'nfa gf) [c) h'Nnfa] != lb;f vnf; ufP k]6sf] s; ofFSg] k]6
mf ufpg] lqmof lj]rg . @= pQm lj]rgsf nflu k|of]udf NofOg] cf}ifwL . h'nfxf gf) [kmf)
hf}nfx] sk8f a'Gg] sfd ug]{ Ps hflt tGt'sf tGt'jfo . h'n
' u \ f] gf) afnLgfnLsf] ;'
ffsf lglDt v]tafLsf aLrdf ufl8g], t;f{pg] cfs[lt kfn jf v cflbff agfP pEofOPsf] d"lt
f{pg] a'Vofrf . h'nd ' gf) [c) h'Nd] != cfgf] :jfy{l;l4sf nflu cdfly ulg] cTofrf cG
hah:tL . lqm) lj) @= clt cToGt . lj) #= Hofb} laofFnf] clt ljnDa . $= cb\e't pb]snfU
bf] ce"tk"j{ . > h'nd ' L lj) != cTofrf ug]{ h'n'd ug]{ . @= cltcfsif{s a]; pQd . h'n
; gf) [c)] != s'g} s'fsf] ljf]w jf ;dy{gdf clwsfLxdfly k|efj kf] s'g} ;fd"lxs p2]Zo
ug{ lxF8]sf dflg;xsf] k
\lQmj4 eL8 . @= w]} dflg;xsf] Ps;fysf] ofqf s'g} pT;j jf ;dff]
df ;lDdlnt dflg;xsf] ofqf . #= ;dy{g, ljf]w, ;Ddfg cflbsf] ;fd"lxs k|bz{gL . h'Nkm
L gf) [kmf) h'Nkm] sf65fF6 uL tx nfP s]xL nfdf]
474

kfL kfn]sf] skfn afaL a'na'n] a
\ufnL . ~ kfNg' 6') sf65fF6 uL tx nfP s]xL nfdf] kf
fNg' . ~ f]6L gf) lhn]aL . > h'Nkm] lj) h'NkmL ePsf] h'NkmL kfNg] . h'jf! gf) [k|f) h
'u < ;+) o'u] != uf]? jf fFuf gfbf{ b'j}sf sfFwdf fv] hf]tf?n] afFlwg] b'O{ jf rfj6f
;f]Onf ePsf] sf7 . @= t/fO{lt/ xnf] hf]Tbf jf bfOF ubf{ ufOg] Ps k|sfsf] uLt . h
'jf@ gf) [;+) B"t] != k};f afhL fv] b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf w]} kIfsf aLr xflht x'g] uL v]ln
] vf;vf; v]n (tf;, kf;f, sf}8f O)) h"jf . hjfO gf) [k|f) hfdfpo] != 5f]L, alxgL jf e
thLsf klt hfdftf . @= gfltgL, kgfltgL cflbsf klt . h'jf8L lj) [h"jfcf8L] h'jf v]Ng]
h'jf8] . > h'jf8] lj) h'jfdf nt a;]sf] Hofbf h'jf v]Ng] h'jf8L afx|df;] . h'jfL gf) [
+) o'ulnsf > k|f) h'clncf > *h'jfnL] l;s :qLk?if ljz]if u] ojsojtLn] ;jfnhjfkmsf
efsf xfn] ufpg] z[\ufefjk|wfg uLt ounk|]duLt . ~ v]Ng 6) :qLk?if bO{ hgfn] ;j
m uL uLt ufpg . h; gf) [c\)] != kmnk"mn lgrf]L lgsflnPsf] ; emf]n . @= bfn, df; cf
b vfB kbfy{df kfgL ld;fO{ ;f ;df pqg] uL a];L ksfP tof kflPsf] ; emf]n . hxf gf
k|fy{gf cgf]w . @= b]jtf;Fu dflug] jbfg . hxfthxfft gf) [c) hf}x] Tg dl0f hjf
hxfL gf) Tgsf] JofkfL jf kfvL hf}xL . hxfL! gf) tfafhfsf] 3f]8Lsf] cf lhaf h
[ hjfL] hjfL ounk|]duLt . hxL gf) [;+) o"yL] ;;fgf kft xg,] nfDrf dl;gf vfnsf ;
tf, kx]Fnf ftf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] To;}sf] k"mn h"xL . h"6 gf) [;+)] != sf]L
L gu]sf] skfnsf] uhN6f] hf] . @= skfnsf] rf]6L . #= ;gkf6 h6 . h"7f] gf) x]) h7f
] . h"g! gf) [c\)] x]) hg@ . h"g@ gf) x]) hg# . h"jf gf) x]) hjf@ . h"xL gf) x]) h
xL . h] ;j{) [;+) o] != clglZrt, lghL{j kbfy{sf ;fdf cfpg] bO{ jfSonfO{ hf]8\g]
;DaGwL ;j{gfd hg . (pbf) h] ug{ dg 5, u . h] kfof] ToxL gvfpm) . lj) @= clglZrt, l
ghL{j kbfy{sf ;fdf cfpg] bO{ jfSonfO{ hf]8g \ ] ;fj{gflds ljz]if0fsf] Ps e]b ;DaG
wL ljz]if0f hg . (pbf) h]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

475

h]p8f]h]dGt lj) != pd]df h]7f] 3Jojxfaf] w]} cgej ePsf] a"9f]kfsf] hfGg];Gg]
f{stf{ . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . ~ afa gf) h]7faf a8faf . ~ a"9f] lj) != ufpF3, 5l5d]s
df ;a}eGbf h]7f] w]} sf ef]u]hfg]sf] . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . ~ efu gf) != c+zaG8f
ubf{ ;a}eGbf h]7f] 5f]fnfO{ lbOg] efu h]7fs . @= sg} j:tsf] ljleGg efudWo] ;a}eG
bf 7"nf] efu . h]tf lj) [;+)] != n8fOFdf jf sg} lsl;dsf] k|ltlGtfdf lhTg] ljhoL . g
f) @= ljhoL JolQm . h]t]d]t] gf) != ljz]if dxj gePsf ;fgfltgf dfn;fdfg vofsvqs  .
@= h] kfof] ;f]xL j:t . (pbf) k]6 sdhf] xg]n] h]t]d]t] vfg xFb}g) . lqm) lj) #
= sg} tlsfn] lhgltg v:ofv;  . (pbf) kLIffdf ljgftofL h]td ] t ] ] n]v] fd|f] c
g{ ;lsFb}g) . h]yf gf) [;+) oyf] rncrn ;a} ;DklQ ePesf] >L;DklQ . ~ hdfgL gf) != sg
} sff]af;DaGwL lnvtdf sd lhDdf lbg]n] kl5 u8a8 u]df cfgf] lglb{i6 h]yfaf6 a]xf]?Fnf e
gL ;xL5fk ug]{ hdfgL . @= To;L ;xL5fk ulPsf] lnvt . #= To:tf] lnvt ug]{ k|0ffnL .
~ hldg gf) h]yf 3hUuf hUufhldg . ~ lhfot gf) e"ld;wf P]g nfu" xgeGbf klxn] tfO{s
Lbfsf] sAhfdf x]sf] df}hfsf] l;/hUuf / c ;DklQ df}hfsf] rncrn ;DklQ . h]yf]dy ] f] gf
) ePesf] >L;DklQ l;LvL . h]gs]g lqm) lj) [;+) o]gs]g] sg} k|sfn] sg} lsl;dn] o]g
|sf]0f h;Lt;L . h]gt]g lqm) lj) [;+) o]gt]g] != hg;s} ;fwgn] hg;s} pkfon] h] kfO
To;}n] . @= lhgltg h;/Lt;/L h]gt ] g ] ]. lj) #= ;fwf0f ;fdfGo (j:t jf rLhaLr) . h]
g]6 gf) [c\)] lahnL, tfk cflb pTkfbg ug]{ oGq pmhf{k|hgs . h]kh]a gf) [c) h]a] vNtL
hL aunL kfs]6 . ~ vr{ gf) geO{ gxg] j:tsf nflu ulg] vr{afx]s c kmdf{O;L sfdsf lglD
t ulg] b}lgs vr{ kfs]6vr{ . 38L gf) vNtLdf fv] Jojxf ulg] 38L . h]a gf) [kmf) h]
L hxftaf6 ag]sf] cfe"if0f uxgf . h]aL lj) [kmf) h]a O{] h]adf fVg xg] h]adf c6fpg]
df fVg agfOPsf] . ~ 38L gf) h]a38L (ks]6jfr) . ~ kfqf] gf) vNtLdf c6fpg] kfqf] ;fgf]
cfsfsf] k~rf\u . ~ k:ts gf) 5ltf] cfsfsf] k:ts . ~ ?dfn gf) xft, dv, gfs k5\g jf
zf]efsf lglDt h]adf flvg] ?dfn . h]dGt gf) cfk"mnfO{ dg nfu]cg;f ug{ cfk"mv;L ug
{ .

sfd ug{ dg k5{, u) . h]p8f] gf) [;+) hLjf]d] != efL afFWg] pmgsf] 8f]L . @= sg} klg
lsl;dsf] 8f]f] jf 8f]L aGwg . h]6 gf) [c\)] 7"nf] ljz]if k|sfsf] OlGhgoQm tLj|ufdL
oofg . ~ ljdfg gf) h]6 . h]7 gf) [;+) Ho]i7] != Ho]i7f gIfqoQm k"l0f{df kg]{ dlx
gf ;fnsf] bf];|f] dlxgf Ho]i7 . lj) @= h]7f] (s]xL ;d:t zAbsf cfDedf dfq ;Lldt, h:t
f] h]7sfG5L, h]7}tL cflb) . sfG5L gf) dflg; jf k|f0fLxsf aLrsf] pd]sf] 36La9L dflg;
k|f0fLxsf aLrsf] hGdsfnsf] cGt hGdsf cfwfdf h]7f] sfG5f] xg] l:ylt . a"9f] gf) u
3df ;sfL sd p7tLk7tL ug]{ f] dlvofeGbf tNnf] txsf] ;sfL sd{rfL (e"ldk|zf;g nfu"
3sf] Joj:yf) . }tL gf) ufpF3df dlvof;x dflgPsf] JolQm a83 . h]7fs gf) [;+) h]i7f
aG8f ubf{ h]7f]rflxF 5f]fn] h]7f] ePsf gftfn] kfpg] c+zsf] ljz]if efu h]7fs . h]7fh
h]7fHo" gf) [h]7f] hHo"] nf]Ug]sf] bfh . h]7fg gf) [;+) Ho]i7 cfg] :jf:gLsf] bfh .
bbL gf) h]7fgsL :jf:gL . > h]7fgL lj) != h]7fg;DaGwL (tn) h]7fgL lbbL  h]7fglbbL)
. @= h]7fhsL kTgL kf]Osf bfhsL kTgL . h]7fafh]7fafa gf) [h]7f] afafa] h]7f] afa a
faf . h]7f af]xf gf) [h]7f] af]xf] a"9f al4dfg\ JolSt a"9f al4dfg\ JolQmnfO{ zfxs
f k|bfg ulPsf] kb . h]7f;L gf) [h]7 cf;L] h]7 dlxgfdf lemlsg] jf lemlsPsf] r]; . h]7L
lj) [h]7f] O{] != a9L pd]sL klxn] hGd]sL . gf) @= h]7fsL :qL . ~ cfdf gf) != h]7f afa
sL :jf:gL afasL h]7L efpHo" . @= cfgL cfdfnfO{ eGbf klxn] afan] ljjfx u]sL :qL h]
7L ;f}ltgL cfdf . ~ sfG5L gf) != s]xL klxn] s]xL kl5 hGd]sf lbbLalxgL . @= s]xL k
lxn] s]xL kl5 leofOPsf ;f}tf;f}tL . #= s]xL klxn] s]xL kl5 leofOPsf axfLx . ~ v8
gf) h]7L taf . ~ taf gf) ;]gfkltn] lng] nfdf] taf (lbJo)) h]7L v'8 F f. h]7L dw' g
oli6dw'] != 7"nf kft, ;;fgf xlof kmn df]6f] u'lnof] hf x'g] Ps nxf] oli6dw' . @= To
;}sf] k"mn jf hf] . h]7]s gf) [;+) Ho]i7f
\u ] ;a} efOnfO{ ;dfg efu nflu;s]kl5 h]7fn
fO{ h]7f]kgsf lglDt lbOg] s]xL cltlQm ;DklQ h]7fs h]7fs . h]7f] lj) [;+) Ho]i7] != ce
bf a9L pd]sf] bfh'efOxdWo] klxn] hGd]sf] Ho]i7 . gf) @= h]7f] pd]sf] JolQm . ~ af7f]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

h]ohf]On lqm) lj) cfk"mnfO{ dg nfu]cg';f cfk"mv';L . h]o lj) [;+)] lhTg ;lsg] lhTg'kg
]{ lhTg nfos . h]aGb gf) [kmf)] 3f]8fsf] k]6df afFWg] sf7Lsf] ;fh h]8aGbf . h]L gf) b
O{tLg lbg kfgLdf lehfO{ s]xL cldNofP vld t'NofOPsf] d}bfsf] kL7f]af6 ;]nh:t} af6'n
f] ;fdfGotof ;]neGbf ;fgf] kfL l3pdf ksfP lrgLsf] kfudf 8'afOg], ;fgf7"nf 3]fdf h]l
nPsf] ld7fO{ txtx kL 3'ld|Psf] 7"nf] vfnsf] lhn]aL jf h'NkmL . h]n \ g ;) lqm) [hfn g
] != wfuf], sk8f, 8f]L cflbn] rf}ltaf6 afFWg kmGsf dfg{ a]g{ . @= cndNofpg layf]
g . h]n gf) [c\)] ckfwL yGg] 3 h]nvfgf ofnvfgf . clkm;sfof{no gf) ofnvfgf;DaG
ufpg] sfof{no . vfgf gf) sg} JolQmn] ckfw u]sf] 5 egL ph kg{ cfP jf s]xL tYoxsf
fdf ;sfnfO{ To:tf] nfuL d2f rnfpgkg]{ ePdf cbfntdf rn]sf] To; k|sfsf] d2fsf] lsgf
gnfuGh]n sfggcg;f ygfdf fvL sfafO{ ug{kg]{ ePdf jf cbfntsf] km};nfcg;f ckfw k|
dfl0ft eO{ s}bsf] ;hfo tf]lsPdf tf]lsPsf] cjlwesf nflu yGg] 7fpF jf 3 h]n ofnvfg sf
GbLu[x vf] . h]nhfn gf) [h]n hfn] != dhatLsf ;fy gs;] sfdrnfp lsl;dn] afFWg] sfd vs
f] kfL afFWg] sfd afFwaFw afa] . @= s;] geO{ sfdrnfp 9\un] aGg] sfd vsn  f] lsl
agfO . #= hfnem]n . $= h]nf] hfn layf]nf] . h]n k|zf;g gf) [h]n k|zf;g] ofnvfgf;DaGw
L Joj:yf ldnfpg To;nfO{ ;Jojl:yt kdf fVg ulg] k|aGw . h]n gf) [c\)] ofnvfgfsf] ]
]{ s}bLxdfly lgufgL fVg] h]nsf] k|dv xflsd sffufflws[t (h]n ;klG6]G8]G6) . h]nj
[h]n jf;L] != ofnvfgfdf ylgPsf] ckfwL ygjf . @= s}bL . h]nfO gf) [ h]n\ ( cfO)] h]N
lqmof jf lsl;d . [ > ] h]nfOg s) lqm) h]Ng nfOg h]lng] tNofOg . h]nfOnf] lj) h]
nf] k]sf] h]lnPnfh:tf] . h]nfpg k|) ] lqm) h]Ng nfpg h]nfOdf kfg{ . h]lng c) lqm)
h]nfOdf kflg rf}ltaf6 afFlwg a]lg . h]nfxf lj) [h]n\ cfxf] h]nhfn v8f ug]{ emGh
h]nf] gf) [h]n\ cf]] != h]lnPsf] sg} j:t jf To:tf] j:tsf] uhN6f] . @= h]lnPsf]
jf h]lng] l:ylt cndn layf]nf] . h]j gf) [kmf)] uxgfulof h]a . h];s} ;j{) [h] ;f]
hg;s} h] klg .
476

h]xg gf) [c)] != ;f]rljrf ug]{ ag] lgZro ug]{ dfgl;s zlQm ;dem . @= duh lbdfu al
f lj) ;Demg] ag] lgZro ug]{ zlQm ePsf] ;dembf lbdfubf al4dfg\ . h}! gf) [hO{]
f] af]6 xg] Ps k|sfsf] cGg Ps hftsf] hf} hO{ . h}@ k") ;) Jofs0fsf cg;f k"ju { fdL
f+lzs ;dWjGofTds lTj xFbf haf6 cfDe eO{ s]xL zAbdf ufFl;g] Psvfn] k"j; { u{ (h}h]yf
, h}hu]f O)) . h}tg  gf) [c)] uf]nsfFqmLsf cfsfsf gLnf kmn kmNg] gs{6sf h:tf ;;fg
f kft xg], ca klZrd of]ksf k|frLg hfltxff kljq dflgg] Ps hftsf] j[If . h}g gf) [;
!= rf}aL;f}F jf clGtd tLy{\s dflgPsf dxfjL jw{dfgn] rnfPsf] clx+;fd"ns wd{ . @= To
; wd{sf cgofoL h}gL . > h}gL gf) h}g wd{sf cgofoL h}g dtfjnDaL . h} ] gf) [;+) hl6n
] != sfvLdlg pd|g] f}F sfvLsf] f}F . lj) @= tR5 gLr Ifb| dnf\v] . h}n ] lqm) lj
]] hg a]nfdf hg ;dodf hlxn] . > h}n];s} lqm) lj) hg;s} a]nfdf klg hlxn];s} . h
}j lj) [;+)] hLj;DaGwL hLjsf] . h}ljs lj) [;+)] hLj;DaGwL . ~ kbfy{ gf) hLjaf6 k}bf
xg] kbfy{ hLj;DaGwL kbfy{ . ~ ljif gf) hLjdf kfOg] ljif k|f0fLdf xg] ljif . h}l;g
L gf) [h};L OgL] h};L cfOdfO{ . ~ df;L{ gf) uf9f sn]hL sf] Ps hftsf] df;L{ wfg . h};L
f) [;+) Hof]ltifL > hf]O;L] != a|fXd0fsf bO{ ju{dWo] Ps ju{ -h:t} h};L a|fXd0f,
pkfWofo a|fXd0f_ . @= Hof]ltifL hf]O;L . #= afxgsf] Ps y hf]zL . ~ sf]7f gf) kfi6 d
nocGtu{t ef]6rLg;DaGwL kfgf clen]vxsf] ;\u|x x]sf] kfgf] Ps cf . h};f] lqm) lj) [;
hol;] != cfzLjf{bfTds zAb efUu]dfgL eP;\ . gf) @= cfzLjf{b . hf] ;j{) [k|f) hf] <
;+) oM] != jfSosf bjk } lsf] ;DaGw b]vfpg] dfgjjfrL ;DaGwL ;j{gfd hg . (pbf) hf]
cfPsf] eP klg ltdLnfO{ s] vfFrf] ) . lj) @= jfSosf bjk } lsf] ;DaGw b]vfpg] dfgjj
frL ;fj{gflds ljz]if0f hg . (pbf) hf] nfpF5 rSnL pxL hfG5 kmSnL, hf] xf]rf] p;s
f] dvdf 3f]rf] pvfg) . hf]Ol6\u ]| hf]Ol6\ ] gf) [hf]O l6\uf] P] != kTgLsf] O;ff
kTgLn] eg]kl5 h] klg dfGg] klt . @= hf]Os { f] bf; . hf]On gf) [;+) hfofno] cfgf]
3f uL a;]sL jf sdfO ePsL :qLnfO{ :jf:gL agfO{ To;} :qLsf 3df a:g]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

477

hf]O;Lhf]8 \ g kldf0fsf] lgwf{0f . @= hf]vfO . #= gfkf] . hf]u gf) [;+) of]u] != of]
u ;+of]u cf}; . @= hf]uLsf] cEof; jf 1fg . > hf]u8f gf) gfd dfqsf] hf]uL (pbf) ufpFsf
] hf]uL hf]u8f c 7fpFsf] l;4 pvfg) hf]u]8f] . hf]ufO gf) [ hf]ufp ( cfO)] hf]ufpg] ef
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hf]ufOg s) lqm) hf]lug] kflg arfOg . hf]ufp gf) [;+) o
h cfp] != kl5sf nflu hf]ufpg] jf ;l~rt fVg] sfd . @= To;L hf]ufP flvPsf] j:t hu]gf{
> hf]ufpg ;) lqm) != hf]ufp ug{ art ug{ pefg{ . @= ;8\glau|gaf6 Iff ug{ arfpg
 . hf]ufd];f] gf) [k|f) hf]u d];f]] cgsn " ;do ;+of]u ;Ghf]u df}sf . hf]lugL gf) [;+
of]lugL] != ;GGof; lnPsL :qL ;GGofl;gL . @= l;l4 k|fKt u]sL :qL . #= hf]uLsL :qL
. $= of]lugL b]jL . %= Hof]ltifsf] u0fgfaf6 cfpg] d\unf cflb cf7 of]lugL . hf]lug
 c) lqm) [hf]u\ O g] != ;\s6 jf vtfk"0f{ kll:yltaf6 pDsg ljgfz jf ljklQaf6 aRg . @
r{ eP jf gf]S;fg eP aRg afFsL xg pa|g . #= slxg, ;8\g lau|gaf6 aRg glau|g
f]uL gf) [;+) of]uL] ;GGof;L ;Gg];L l;4hf]uL . sf] tDaf gf) != ePesf] kh F L l;L
@= s]xL gePsf] jf lQf] efF8f] . ~ rf] gf) s]xL kx]Fnf] sf] ;fydf kf]yL gb]lvg] Ps lsl
;dsf] rf] PSnf] rf] l7\u] rf] . ~ h\ud gf) != :yfoL kn] Pp6} cf>ddf ga;L, lxF88n
uL ofofj . @= hf]uL, ;Gg];L, h\ud cflbsf] ;dbfo . ~ n] gf) hf]uLsf nfh:t} nfdfnfdf
ns{gbf emKkfdf sf]bfsf h:tf dl;gf ftf u]8f kmNg] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . ~ ltxg
cg]syL j:t ld;fP tof ulPsf] ltxg . ~ tsfL gf) hfthftsf ;fukft ld;fP ksfOPsf] tsf
] sf7 gf) [k|f) hf]u < ;+) of]u sf7] sfk] k]sf] sf7 vfFaf], vfdf] rf]s] . hf]u]8f] gf)
[hf]uL P8f]] x]) hf]u8f . hf]u] nxf] gf) [hf]u nxf]] sf]Sofpg] cldnf] :jfb xg] Ps k|s
f] h\unL nxf] . hf] 5 ;f] gf) [hf] 5 ;f]] != Jofs0fcg;f k|ydf ljelQmnfO{ aemfpg] k|f
ws kbfjnL . lj) af]) @= sf ubf{ cfpg] y]uf]sf] Ps k|sf . hf]8\g ;) lqm) [k|f) h6 \
g] != efFlrPsf], l5g]sf], km6]sf] cflb j:tnfO{ ;fP jf afFw5fFb cflb u] dd{t ug{
. @= bO{ cnu j:tnfO{ Pp6}df ldnfpg bO{ j:tsf aLrdf k:k ;DaGw sfod ufpg . #= u
l0ftdf PseGbf a9L ;\Vofsf] of]u ug{ PseGbf a9L cnucnu ;\VofnfO{ Pp6}df ldnfpg .

jf p;sf sdfOdf lge{ xg] sfd . ljk) kf]On . ~ hjfO c) lqm) != cfgf] 3f uL a;]sL jf c
dfO ePsL :qLnfO{ :jf:gL agfO{ To;} :qLsf 3df a:g] jf p;}sf] sdfOdf lge{ xg] sfd 3HjfO
F xg] sfd . @= nnfO{kmsfO{ jf 8fO{wDsfO{ k:qLnfO{ :jf:gL agfpg] sfd . > hf]On] lj)
!= hf]Ol6\u]| . @= w]} :jf:gL lax] ug]{ :jf:gLrvjf . hf]O;L gf) [;+) Hof]ltifL] !=
Hof]ltifzf:qsf] 1ftf . @= a|fXd0fsf] Ps y hf]zL . #= a|fXd0fsf] Ps >]0fL h};L . hf
]O { gf) [;+) hfof] :jf:gL kTgL . ~ kf]O gf) nf]Ug]:jf:gL kltkTgL bDktL . hf]s gf) [
!= p6U \ ofxf jf xfF;f]nfUbf] sfdsf u] dflg;nfO{ xF;fpg] JolQm ljb"ifs 76f}nf] Jo
. @= tf;df afpGg rSsLb]lv afx]s cgf}7f] lrq ePsf] rSsL . #= afpGg rSsLleq}af6 l
gwf{lt tf;sf] kQL . hf] sf]xL ;j{) [hf] sf]xL] != hf];s} sf]xL sg} hg;s} . (pbf)
sfd hf]sf]xLn] ug{ ;St}gg\) . gf) @= ;j{;fwf0f . hf]v\g ;) lqm) [;+) hif g] tnf]
, tfh cflbdf fv] sg} j:tsf] jhg lng sg} j:tsf] tf}n u] kldf0f yfxf kfpg tf}n
hf]v gf) [hf]v\ c] hf]Vg] sfd . hfv gf) != hf]v ] jf ;dfg sfo{ u] kldf0fsf] 7x nuf
{ . @= d"Nof\sg . ~ tf}n gf) sg} j:tnfO{ hf]Vg] tf}ng] sfd sg} j:tsf] jhg lng]
sfd . hf]vgf gf) != u|x, gIfq cflbaf6 xg] zefzesf] ljrf e"tk|]t cflbsf] bf]ifljr
f . @= sg} tfTsflns 36gfsf] kl0ffd hfGgsf nflu s08nLdf rfdn v;fn] jf To;} c sg} t
lsfn] zefze ljrf ug]{ sfd . #= ulxlP ljrf ug]{ sfd dgglrGtg . hf]vf! gf) [hf]v\ cf
k:k bfFHg] sfd ;dtf tNotf afaL . @= tf}n ] , ud] of x] ] ulg] kLIff jf d"Nof
zAbsf ;fydf k|oQm) . hf]vf@ lj) [hf]tfxf vf]h] sg} hUufdf df]xL nfu]sf] 5}g egL nf
nkhf{ cflbdf c\lst xg] zAb . hf]vfO gf) [ hf]v\ ( cfO)] hf]Vg] lqmof jf tlsf tf}n h
f] . [ > ] hf]vfOg s) lqm) hf]Vg nufOg . hf]vfpg k|) ] lqm) hf]Vg nufpg jf hf]
lvg] kfg{ tf}nfpg . hf]lvg s) lqm) hf]Vg] sfd ulg hf]vfOdf kflg tf}lng . hf]lvd
f) [kmf) hVd] != zfLls rf]6k6s nfUg] jf dfgl;s cf3ft kUg] ;Defjgf ePsf] sfd zfLls, d
fgl;s xflggf]S;fgL xg ;Sg] 8nfUbf] sfd vtf . @= xflggf]S;fgL xg] ;Defjgf clgi6 jf
ljklQsf] cfz\sf . > hf]lvdL lj) xflggf]S;fgL xg] ;Defjgf ePsf] vtfk"0f{ ;lGbUw . hf]
vf] gf) [hf]vf cf]] != n]vf] hf]vf d"Nof\sg u0f jf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

hf]8hf]g hf]8! gf) [;+) of]u] != ul0ftdf PseGbf a9L ;\VofnfO{ hf]8\g] sfd . @= PseGb
f a9L ;\VofnfO{ hf]8\bf jf hDdf ubf{ lg:s]sf] pQ of]ukmn . #= bO{ j:t ldn]sf] jf
hf]lPsf] 7fpF hf]gL{ ;lGw:yn . hf]8@ gf) [kmf) hf]] hf] an zlQm . sf tf]8 gf) !=
}zn of]Uotfsf b[li6n] jf k|lt:kwf{Tds kdf bO{ JolQm jf bO{ ;d"xsf aLrdf kfOg] ;
dtf anfan . lj) @= ;dfg an jf of]Uotf ePsf] . sf] lj) afaLsf] eg]h:tf] . hf]8hf8 gf
hf]8 hf8] != l5g]sf] jf efFlrPsf] j:tnfO{ sg} tlsfn] hf]8g \ ] sfd sfdrnfp hf]8fO
. @= h;Lt;L ulPsf] jf ulg] cfh{g emfem . hf]8 tf]8 gf) [hf]8 tf]8] ePesf] ansf] k
] sf]l;; . hf]8bf lj) [kmf) hf] bf] hf]bf zlQmzfnL alnof] . \ cg] != bxL hdfpgsf lg
df xflng] hf]8g gf) [hf]8 bxLsf] c+z bxLsf] aLp . @= ;+of]u d]n . hf]8f gf) != ;dfg:t
f jf Pp6fsf] afaLdf csf]{ cfpg] lsl;dsf bO{ j:t . @= ;fyL ldq bf}Ft . #= efn]kf]yL
. $= hf]O{kf]O . %= xn . ~ ;f\nf gf) != ;u|ft F Lsf] lbg, ;u|fFtL . @= ;\qmd0fsfn .
\ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . hf]8fO gf) [ hf]8\ ( cfO)] hf]8g [ > ] hf]8fOg s) lqm)
hf]8g \ nfOg . hf]8fpg k|) ] lqm) hf]8\g nfpg hf]l8g] kfg{ . hf]l8g s) lqm) !=
hf]8\g] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= h6\g ldNg ;+oQm xg . hf]8L gf) [hf]8f O{] != Ps}
7fpFdf x]sf k|]dL k|]ldsf oun k|]dL bDktL . @= efn]kf]yL hf]8f . #= hf] j:t lahf
f] j:t . $= ;dfgtf ;dtf afaL . lj) %= xf]8afhL ug]{ k|ltGL k|lt:kwL{ . hf]t \ g
[hf]t g] != xnf], sf]bfnf], 6fS6 cflbn] v]tafLsf] df6f] vf]l;|g jf plwGg v]tafLdf x
f], 6fS6 cflb nfpg . @= uf]?sf sfFwdf hjf fv] hf]tffn] afFWg gfg{ . #= aUuLdf 3f]
fnfO{ s:g . $= s;}nfO{ sfddf a];L nufpg nbfpg . %= s;}nfO{ 3r]6\g 7]Ng . hf]t g
f) [k|f) hf]Q] != xnf], 6fS6 cflbn] v]tafL hf]Tg] sfd . @= wgl;t klGhf]nfO{ hf]8] af
FWg] 8f]L hf]tL . ~ vg gf) v]tafL hf]Tg] jf vGg] sfd . hft gf) sfdrnfp lsl;dsf] hf]t
O . ~ lhfot gf) lhdLbfsf vfGsLdf 7]lsPsf] hldg lhdLbfn] cfkm}F vghf]t ufPsf] hldg lh
Uuf . ~ kf]t gf) hf]Tg] kf]t ltg]{ sfo{ . hf]tfO gf) [ hf]t\ ( cfO)] hf]Tg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . [ > ] hf]tfOg s) lqm) hf]Tg nfOg hf]tfO ufOg . hf]tfOnf] lj) hf]Tg ldNg
] hf]Tg cgsn " kg]{ . hf]tfpg k|) ] lqm) hf]Tg nfpg . hf]tf gf) != hf]Tg] xnL jf
nf7] . @= hf]Tg] sfd . lj) #= hf]wfxf . hf]tff] gf) hjfsf ;f]Onfdf
478

afFw] uf]?sf unfdf afFWg] 8f]L hf]tL . hf]tfxf gf) [hf]t\ cfxf] != xnf] hf]Tg] JolQm x
L vf; ls;fg df]xL . lj) @= xnf] hf]Tg] hf]Tg] . ~ khf{ gf) df]lxofgL xssf] k|df0fkq
. > hf]tfxf gf) v"a hf]Tg ;Sg] jf hf]Tg] vfnsf] uf]? . ~ xs gf) df]lxofgL xs . hf]
ltg s) lqm) [hf]t\ O g] != hf]Tg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= 7f]lsg wl;g (pbf) n8\bf s]6
sf] dv eOFdf hf]ltof]) . hf]lt; gf) [;+) Hof]ltif] != Hof]ltifzf:q . @= Hof]lti
fzf:qL . > hf]lt;L gf) Hof]ltifzf:qL Hof]ltifL . hf]tL gf) [hf]tf O{] != xnfsf] hf]tff
] . @= uf]?sf] gTyLnfO{ f; jf nufd;Fu hf]8g \ ] ;fwg . #= wgdf klGhf]nfO{ hf]8 ] a
fFWg] 8f]L hf]t . hf]Tg] lj) [hf]t\ g]] != xnfn] v]tafL vf];|g] . gf) @= xnf] rnfpg] J
olQm xnL . ~ lsf] gf) != cfn, lkF8fn cflbdf ;NsL leqleq} ubL vfg] Ps hftsf] sLf]
. @= xTs]nfdf vf]lkN6f] kfb}{ hfg] Ps hftsf] dl;g sLf] . hf]wf gf) [;+) of]4f] !=
alnof], ;"f] JolQm v"a n8\g ;Sg] JolQm v"a hWg ;Sg] JolQm . lj) @= hWg ;Sg] o4 u
g]{ alnof] x[i6ki6 . > hf]wfxf lj) != lgw{Ss;Fu n8\g,] v"a hWg] jf le8\g] n8fsf hf]
wf . @= lgxFvf]hf jf hf]Lvf]hf . #= anjfg\ . hf]ag gf) [;+) of}jg] kf] pd] of}jg a}F
. bf lj) hf]ag ePsf] hjfgL r9]sf] hjfg tGg]L jf t?gL . hf]afg gf) [;+) of}jg] hf]
> hf]afg] gf) xls{;s]sf] ax hf]Tg] a]nf ePsf] ax . hf] \ g ;) lqm) [hf]8 g] != ld
g (pbf) gofF ag]sf] ;8sn] dulnnfO{ uf]vf{;Fu hf]]sf] 5) . @= Pp6f j:tdf csf]{ j:
t ufF:g Pp6f j:t;Fu csf]{ j:t hf]N6fpg . @= h8\g h8fg ug{ . #= hDdf ug{ h6f
pg . $= hf]8\g ldnfpg . hf]! gf) [kmf)] != k|f0fLleq cGtlg{lxt zlQm an tfst . @= j
]u zL3| ult . #= hah:tL ank|of]u . $= d]xgt >d . hf]@ gf) [;+) of]u6] != Ps;fy pkof]
NofOg] bO{ j:t hf]8f hf]8L . @= ul0ftsf] Ps lx;fa hf]8 . hfd gf) cfjZos ;;fdfg vf
hd]n uL h6fpg] sfd hf]g]{ jf hDdf ug]{ sfd . { xg] hf] hnd  gf) [kmf) hf] c) hNd
!= cGofok"js ansf] k|of]u anldrfO anhkmt hah:tL . @= cGofo cTofrf . hf] tDan gf) [
] ehgdf ahfOg] kfgf] lsl;dsf] tanf . hf]bf lj) [kmf)] != hf] nufP ulPsf] . @= k|an
zfnL alnof] . hf]g gf) [hf] cg] bxLsf] aLp hf]8g .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

479

hf] guf1lKt hf]N6]f] lj) [hf]N6 Pf]] hf]8Ldf kg]{ . hf]N6f] lj) [hf]N6 cf]] n7flPsf
f] hf]N7f] . hf]N6fO gf) [ hf]lN6 ( ofO)] != hf]lN6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [hf]N6fp cfO]
hf]N6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hf]N6fOg s) lqm) n7flg] tNofOg . hf]N6fpg ;)
qm)k|) ] lqm) != v;L afv|fnfO{ Pp6} 7fpFdf Pp6} 8f]Ldf afFWg cNemfpg . @= ldnfpg
hf]g{ . #= hf]lN6g] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . hf]N6f gf) n7ff] cflb em6\sflFbf kg]{ an
k}bf xg] sDkg hf]lN6 . hf]N6fx6 gf) hf]N6fO . hf]N6fxf lj) hf]lN6g] jf hf]N6fpg] :
f] . hf]zL gf) [;+) Hof]ltifL] != Hof]ltifljBf hfGg] Hof]ltifL . @= afxgxsf] Ps y
. #= g]jfxsf] Ps y . hf]; gf) [kmf) hf]z] != cj:yfljz]ifdf xg] dgsf] tLj| ult dgsf]
cfj]u dgf]]u . @= :k"mlt{ . bf lj) hf]; ePsf] (efif0f, gff, v]n O)) . > hf]l;nf] lj
f]; ePsf] kmlt{nf] t]lhnf] . hf];dgL gf) [;+) Hof]ltd{l0f] eftsf] hgfu9 lugf lgjf;L
e] afafaf6 bLlIft g]kfnL ;Gt zzLwn] :yfkgf u]sf] lgu{0f elQmjfbL dt . hf];s  } ;
j{) [hf] ;f] sf]xL] != hf]sg  } hf]sf]xL hgsg} hf] . gf) @= ;j{;fwf0f . hf]xhf]xf]
[k|f) hf]xf] != sg} sfdsf] lgldQ ulg] aGbf]a:t OlGthfd . @= sfd ;docg;fsf] dfn;fd
fg hf]g]{ sfd hf]hfd hf]a6n . #= vf]htnf; vf]hL . hf}! gf) [;+) oj] sflt{s, d\l;df
}zfvh]7df sfl6g], uxFsf h:tf af]6 eO{ nfdf] 6F8f] xg], uxFsf hflts} Ps k|l;4
cGg oj . hf}@ k") ;) hWjlgaf6 cfDe xg] zAbdf nfUg] OToflbjfrs Ps lTjWjlg h . ~ hxfg
f) ;Dk"0f{ kljf 3elsf ;a} hxfg hhxfg . hf}xL gf) [c)] != hxftsf] JofkfL hxft
u0f:tnfO{ 5fpg ;Sg] JolQm . @= ;grfFbLsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm . 1! gf) != b]jgfuL lnlkd
f :jtGq ksf] dflgPsf] t h tyf `sf] ;+of]un] ;+oQm ag]sf] Jo~hgj0f{ ufF7f]kfL 1 1fgL
1 . @= g]kfnL efiffsf] pRrf0fcg;f UoFsf kdf pRrlt xg] ;f]xL j0f{ . 1@ lj) [;+)] g
sf kl5lNt nfUbf tT;DaGwL sf hfGg] eGg] ljz]if0f tyf pk;u{sf kl5lNt nfUbf ltgLxsf] c
y{;d]t ufe] hfGg] eGg] cy{ aemfpg] (zAb) 1ftf (h:t} gfd zAbsf kl5lNt u0f1, bf]if1
jz]if0fsf kl5lNt cNk1, ax1 pk;u{sf kl5lNt cle1, lj1 cflb) . 1lkt1Kt lj) [;+)] hgf
f] 1flkt . 1lKt gf) [;+)] != hgfOg] jf af]w ufOg] lqmof jf ljifo .

hf] guf gf) [hf] guf] s:n]hfltn] ahfpg] tfnafhf . hf]kmf] gf) [hf] kmf]] cfk"mnf
sf] jf z\sf nfu]sf] sfdf eGg];G  g] ;a}nfO{ hDdf kfL vn:t sf uL ;fFrf]em " 6f] kQ
f nufpg] sfd . hf] lahf] gf) [hf] lahf]] != xftleq Ps jf PseGbf a9L ;fgfltgf sg} j:t
nsfP hf] ls lahf] < egL ;f]w] v]lng] Ps v]n . @= hf] / lahf] . #= ldngla5f]8 ;+of
u . hf] dnL gf) [hf] dnL] bO6f dnL Pp6}df hf]8L agfOPsf] dnLh:t} kms] ahfOg]
afF;L . hf];f] gf) [kmf) hf]zf]] != xNnfvNnf 7"nf] hf] . @= hf]; pT;fx . hf]xL
xfQLsf] kf]yL aRrf] . hf]fO gf) [ hf]\ ( cfO)] hf]g]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] hf
]fOg s) lqm) hf]lg] tNofpg . hf]fpg k|) ] lqm) hf]g{ jf ufF:g nufpg . hf]lg s)
m) != hf]g{] sfd ulg hf]l8g . c) lqm) @= hf]hfd xg h6\g . hf]L gf) [hf]8 O{] !=
fjZos lgxF vf]Hg] sfd emu8f ug{ vf]Hg] k|jl[ Q ;]vL 3dG8 (pbf) an 5 eGb}df s;}n] cs
f0f hf]L vf]Hg xFb}g) . lj) @= hf]8L k|ltGL . #= zq . ~ vf]hfvf]hfxf lj) grflxFbf
dG8 ug]{ ;]vL ug]{ hf]L vf]h] lxF8\g] emu8f ug{ vf]Hg] lgxFvf]hf . ~ kfL gf) != cf
gltk|ultdf 8fx ug]{ xflggf]S;fgLdf v;L dfGg] 5l5d]ssf JolQm . @= 5l5d]ssf cfk"m;d
fgsf JolQmxsf] ;dbfo . hf]tL{ gf) [hf]8 \ tL] bO{ j:t hf]l8Psf] 7fpF hf]gL{ ;\ud .
~ uLt gf) :qLhflt k?ifhfltff ;Fu;Fu} ufOg] uLt :qLhflt k?ifhfltsf] ;xufg ;d"xufg
hf]gL{ gf) [hf]\ gL] != zLsf cjojxdWo] bO{ cjoj hf]l8g] 7fpF ;lGw:yn . @= bO{ j:t
l;Psf] jf hf]l8Psf] 7fpF ufF; ;\ud . hf]nf gf) [hf]8f] != k|d ] L k|l] dsfsf] hf]8L
f]nL . @= oUd oun . lj) @= bO{ hgf bO6f . ~ jif{ gf) lax] u]sf] bf];|f], rf}yf]
5]6f}F (ljz]if u] bf];|f]) jif{ . hf]nfxf gf) [;+) oun] ;fsL{ sldgLaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gt
fg . hf]lnof gf) [hf] Oof] s;}sf] lk5nUu" ef}6] ;]js . hf]nL gf) != k|]dLk|]ldsfsf] h
f oun k|]dL . @= hf]8f . hf]N6g c) lqm) != bO{ jf bOe { Gbf a9L j:t k:kdf clNemg
 n7flg . @= vK6g . #= ldNg hf]l8g . > hf]N6fO gf) hf]N6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. hf]N6fOg s) lqm) hf]N6g nfOg . hf]N6fpg k|) ] lqm) hf]N6g nfpg hf]N6g] kfg{
. hf]lN6g c) lqm) hf]N6g n7flg vlK6g . hf]lN6 gf) [c\)] != vfN6fvN6L k]sf 7fp
f]6 cflb lxF8\bf cfpg] 3Rofs3rs cfjfh lxF8\bf df]6df nfUg] wSsf em6\sf . @= hf]N6f

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

1ftHofg @= 1fg ljrf . 1ft lj) [;+)] hflgPsf] yfxf kfOPsf] alemPsf] . ~ of}jgf gf) !
fk"mdf of}jg ;? ePsf] sf yfxf kfO;s]sL gflosf cfgf] of}jgnfO{ ag ;Sg] gflosf . @=
;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qdf jl0f{t gflosfsf e]bdWo] dUwf gflosfsf] Ps e]b . > 1ftJo lj)
hfGgkg]{ yfxf kfpgkg]{ hfGg of]Uo yfxf kfpg nfos 1]o . 1ftf lj) [;+)] hfGg] yfxf k
pg] hflgkmsf . 1flt gf) [;+)] Pp6} uf]q jf Pp6} snsf JolQm ;uf]qL aGwafGwj sns6Da
. 1fg gf) [;+)] != dg jf cfTdfnfO{ xg] sg} ljifosf] af]w nf}lss jf kfnf}lss ljifo
sf] hfgsfL . @= zf:qsf] cgzLngaf6 xg] cfTdtjsf] af]w tj1fg cfTd;fIffTsf . #= 1fg]lG
|off k|fKt cgej af]w . s[t lj) hfgLhfgLsg u]sf] hfgLaemLsg u]sf] . ~ uDo lj) 1f
hfGg ;lsg] al4n] 7Dofpg ;lsg] 1fguf]r af]wuDo . ~ uf]r lj) 1fg]lGb|off ;fIffTsf
g] 1fgff yfxf kfpg ;lsg] 1fguDo . ~ rIf gf) != 1fgkL cfFvf 1fgsf cfFvf dgioleq cG
xt ljj]sb[li6 cGtb[l{ i6 . lj) @= 1fgsf cfFvf ePsf] ljj]szLn ljfg\ . tM lqm) lj) hfg
aemLsg yfxf kfO{sg 1fgk"js { . bbftf lj) != 1fg lbg] nf}lss jf kfdfly{s sf aemfO
. gf) @= u? . ~ lgi7f gf) 1fgk|ltsf] ljZjf; jf cf:yf . ~ kq gf) sg} ;\3;+:yf, cf c
flbdf ePsf sfdsfsf] oyfy{ hfgsfL lbnfpg k7fOg] kq . ~ lkkf;f gf) 1fg k|fKt ug]{ k|
an OR5f sg} sf hfGgagsf nflu x?Ss xg] k|j[lQ tLj| lh1f;f . ~ lkkf; lj) 1fg k|fK
t ug]{ OR5f ePsf] sg} s/f hfGg agsf nflu x?Ss xg] 1fgfyL{ lh1f; . do lj) != 1f
n] klk"0f{ 1fg:jk r}tGo:jk lrGdo . gf) @= ka|Xd . ~ dbf | gf) tGqzf:qsf cg;f bf
tsf] rf] cf}n F f a"9L cf}n F fsf] 6Kkf] hf]8L b]vfOg] db|f . ~ of]u gf) 1fgk|fl
Ktff hLjgdlQmsf nflu ulg] ;fwgf z4 1fgsf] k|flKt . jtL gf) != af}4 wd{n] atfPsf t]
j | 6f e"lddWo]sf] clGtd e"ld jh|ofgsf] clGtd e"ld . lj) @= 1fg ePsL . jfg\ lj) 1f
g ePsf] hfGg]a  g] 1fgL . ~ j[4 lj) pd]df sfG5f] eP tfklg hfGg];Gg]sf gftfn] cfb0fL
zf:qsf] cEof; 1fgsf b[li6n] a"9f] . ~ ;fwg;fwgf gf) 1fgk|flKtsf nflu ulg] ;fwgf 1fg
xfl;n ug{sf nflu ulg] lgGtsf] k|of; . @= 1fg k|fKt ug]{ ;fwg 1fg]lGb|o . 1fgfj0f gf)
;+)] != 1fgn] 9flsg] sd{ . @= 1fgk|flKtsf lglDt afws kfksd{ . > 1fgfj0fLo lj) 1fgff
9fSg ;lsg] 1fgfj0f xg] . 1fgfj:yf gf) [;+)] cljBf jf c1fg x6] 1fg k|fKt ePsf] cj:yf
r}tGo:jksf] ;fIffTsf ePsf] cj:yf .
480

1fgL lj) [;+)] != cfTd1fg jf a|Xd1fg k|fKt u]sf] 1fgjfg\ . @= eg]sf] dfGg] sf ag] (
Rrf) . (pbf) d]f] afaf c;fWo 1fgL 5, eg]sf] sf ;a} dfG5) . gf) #= b}j1 Clif . 1fg]G
b|jLljqmd zfx gf) [;+)] @))& ;fndf tTsfnLg f0ff k|wfg dGqLff fhl;+xf;gdf /flvPsf / /f
f jL]Gb|sf] ;kl/jf/ xTofkl5 /fhf ePsf jL/]Gb|sf dflxnf efO g]kfn ;\3Lo nf]stflGqs u
0ftGq xgk  j " s { f g]kfnsf /fhf . 1fg]lGb|o gf) [;+)] ef}lts ljifosf] 1fg ufpg
] cfFvf, sfg, gfs, lhe|f] 5fnf u/L hDdf kfFr OlGb|o k~r1fg]lGb|o . 1fks lj) [;+)]
sg} sf hgfpg] aemfpg] yfxf lbg] 1fklotf ;"rs . 1fkg gf) [;+)] sg} ljifosf] hfgsf
rgf hgfp . ~ kq gf) != sg} ljifosf] hfgsfL lbg] jf sg} sfsf] ;"rgf ug]{ p2]Zon] k
|:tt ulg] kq . @= sg} ;sfL jf u};sfL ;\3;+:yf cflbaf6 cfgf] dflyNnf] lgsfo jf ;s
f dfu cflb cjut ufpg] tyf k"f ug]t { km{ Wofgfs[i6 ug]{ p2]Zon] k|:tt ulg] hgfpkq l
jf]wkq ;fd"lxs kdf lbOg] r]tfjgLkq . 1fklotf lj) [;+)] ;"rgf lbg] 1fks . 1flkt lj) [;
)] != 1fkg jf ;"rgf ulPsf] yfxf lbOPsf] hgfOPsf] . @= hfgsfL ufOPsf] . #= k|s6 ulPsf]
|sflzt . 1fKo lj) [;+)] yfxf lbgkg]{ hgfpgkg]{ hfgsfL lbgkg]{ ;"rgf ugk { g]{ eGg
kg]{ hfgsfL ug{ nfos . 1]o lj) [;+)] hfGgkg]{ hfGg ;lsg] hfGg nfos l;Sg nfos . Hof!
) [;+)] != wgdf nufOPsf] 8f]L tfFbf] . @= ]vful0ftcg;f Ps 6Kkfb]lv csf]{ 6Kkf;Dd
;f]emf] tflgPsf] cw{j[Qfsf ]vf . #= k[YjL dftf . Hof@ lj) af]) != lj:d[lt, e"n, kZr
fQfk cflb xb F f pb\ufsf kdf lgSng] zAb . gf) @= lauf gfz (afnaf]nLdf) . HofbtL gf)
[c) lhofbtL] != s;}dfly ulg] cglrt Jojxf crfSnL cTofrf . @= cGofo . Hofbf lj) [c) lh
fb] cfjZostf jf ;xfpFbf]eGbf w]} ;fdfGotof xgkg]{ jf ug{kg]{ eGbf clws . lqm)
lj) @= crfSnL clt . lj) #= cglrt (af]nL, jrg jf Jojxf) . eGbf Hofbf;] Hofbf lqm) lj
) xg ;s];Dd dflyNnf] xbdf w]}eGbf w]} xbdf klg . Hoflblalw lqm) lj) [Hofbf ljlw] != w
c3f]} cToGt} Hof:tL . gf) @= cGofo crfSnL . Hofb|f ] lj) [Hofbf f]] != s7f] ;fx|f] .
l>dL . #= cf1fsfL gePsf] c6]L . Hofg! gf) [;+) hLjg] k|]dL jf k|]ldsfff k:kdf Pscs
af]nfOg] zAb k|d ] L jf k|l] dsf . (pbf) dnfO{

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

481

HofgHof]ltu{0fHof]ltd{08n sf0fjz aLrdf ablnP jf 36] km]l p:t} cj:yfdf cfPsf] klxnf]
f] lyof] p:t} h:tfsf] t:tf] . @= ;dfg an ePsf] hf]8sf tf]8 . To lqm) lj) h'g tlsfn
x'G5 To;L g} h'g;'s} lsl;dn] h;Lt;L h]gt]g lhgltg . @= aNnaNn d'l:sn;Fu . Ho'b f
+) hLjGt] x]) lhpFbf] . Ho' gf) [;+) hLj] hLp zL . 5f8f lj) x]) hLp5f8f . hfg gf)
Pesf] zlQm k"} tfst . @= dld]6fO . Ho' gf) != cn] u]sf s'fdf ;xL yfKg], ;xdlt k|s
jf h]h] eGof] ToxLToxL dfGg] sfd . @= dflgtf] cfb . lj) af]) #= Ho" xh' . Ho'g c) lq
) x]) lhpg . Hogf gf) [ lhpgf] ef]hg ug]{ lqmof vfgf vfg] sfd lhpgf/ . Honf gf) [;
) HofsnHofsNo] v]t . Ho"b F f] lj) x]) lhpFbf] . Ho"! k|To) [;+) hLj] != s;}sf] g
fdsf k5fl8 hf]l8g] ;Ddfg;"rs zAb hL (fdHo", ZofdHo" O)) . gf) @= 9f]Ug] sfd 9f]u hLp
. #= s;}sf sfdf ;xL yfKbf ;xdlt hgfpFbf jf af]nfj6sf] k|ToQdf elgg] zAb . Ho"g c
) lqm) x]) lhpg . Ho"@ gf) x]) lhp . Ho"gf gf) x]) lhpgf/ . Ho"gL gf) x]) lhpgL . H
o"nf gf) x]) Honf . Ho]i7 lj) [;+)] != bfhefOdWo] a9L pd]sf] klxn] hGd]sf] 5f]fxdW
h]7f] . @= ;dosf lx;fan] k|frLg . #= cfk"meGbf a9L pd]sf] . gf) $= h]7 dlxgf . tf
gf) Ho]i7 xgfsf] efj h]7f]kgf . ~ j0f{ gf) ;gftgL kDkfcg;f h]7f] dflgg] a|fXd0fhflt
. > Ho]i7f lj) != lbbLalxgLdWo] a9L pd]sL klxn] hGd]sL 5f]LxdWo] h]7L . gf) @= ;QfO;
IfqdWo] c7ff}F . Ho]i7f>d gf) rf cf>ddWo] cGo cf>dsf JolQmnfO{ ;xfotf lbO{ ;+If0f k|
bfg ug]{ gftfn] pQd dflgPsf] u[x:yf>d . Ho]i7f>dL lj) Ho]i7f>ddf xg] u[x:y . Hof]lt
gf) [;+)] != aQL, ;"o,{ rGb|df, tff cflbaf6 lg:sg] k|sfz t]h 6s . @= To:tf] k|sfz j
f t]h lbg] j:t (clUg, ;"o,{ rGb|, tff cflb) . #= cfufsf] nKsf] clUglzvf . ~ k~h g
f) != Hof]ltsf] yk|f] k|sfzflz k|sfzd08n . @= cTolws Hof]lt jf k|sfz . ~ ejg gf) flt
ofqf ug{kbf{ hxfhnfO{ aGbufxsf] l:ylt b]vfpg flvPsf] rxlsnf] aQL;lxtsf] wxf (lasg)
. dfg\ lj) k|sfzk"0f{ . Hof]ltu{0fHof]ltd{08n gf) [;+)] cfsfzdf ePsf u|x, gIfqxsf]
;d"x gIfqd08n tffd08n .

t ;Gr} 5, HofgnfO{ s:tf] 5 < Ps uLt) . Hofg@ gf) [;+) hLjg] != hLjg k|f0f k|f0ftj .
@= k|f0fwfL zL k|f0fL . ~ v"g gf) Hofg dfg]{ sfd Hofg dfg{ u]sf] sfd gxTof . df
{sf] Hofg dfg]{ csf{sf] k|f0f lng] xToff 3fts . @= vfFbf Hofg} n]nfh:tf] Hofb} lkf] (
vf];f{gL) fFu] ca] . ~ d2f gf) Hofg df] jf dfg{ pBf]u u]afkt nfu]sf] d2f Hofg;DaG
2f . ~ ;hfo gf) sg} kmf}hbf/L jf /fhsfh;DaGwL cIfDo ckfw u]afkt cbfntaf6 lbOg] d[T
ob08 Hofg lng] ;hfo k|f0fb08 . HofgL gf) [Hofg O{] != k|]dLn] k|]ldsfnfO{ af]nfpg] z
Ab Hofg . lj) @= Hofg lng] vfnsf] . ~ b:dg gf) Hofgdf bfuf wg]{ cj:yfdf ku]sf] z
q 7"nf] zq . Hofk! gf) skf;sf] u]8fleq xg] laofF skf;sf] laofF skf;sf] aLh . Hof
k@ gf) [g]jf)] v]tL dVo k];f ePsf] Ps g]jfhflt . HofanHofen gf) [g]jf) Hofen] sfln
u8n] sfd ug]{ xftxltof sflnu8sf] cf}hf Hofjn . HofdGt} lqm) lj) [h] dg ToxL] != xg uO
tflas xg rfx]dflkms . @= h] xG5 ToxL OR5fcg;f . (pbf) HofdGt} xf];\, ca p;sf] jf:
tf ulFb}g) . Hofdf gf) [hLcfdf] hLcfdf xhcfdf . Hofldlt gf) [;+)] ;tx cflbsf] If]qkm
n gfKg] ul0ftsf] Ps ljefu ] v ful0ft If] q ul0ft . > Hofldlts lj) Hofldlt;DaGwL ]vful
ft;DaGwL . Hofld gf) [;+) hDaL] df];dsf h:tf kft xg,] ;]tf k"mn kmNg], df];ds} cf
sfsf cldnf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;} af]6sf] kmn . HofdL gf) [g]jf)] Hofnf lnP c
sf{sf] sfd ug]{ JolQm HofnfbfLdf sfd ug]{ JolQm Hofnfbf v]tfnf] . ~ dfxL gf) rfsfsf
]ljrf ug]{ vfg]sf hDdf ug]{ ;a}eGbf ;fgf dfxL . HofDtf] lj) [k|f) hd8f] < ;+) od6]
x]bf{ ;w}F f]uLh:tf] b]lvg] bAnf]kftnf] dGRofF;] ofpf] . Hofnf gf) [g]jf)] sfd u]
Og] k};f, cGg cflb dhL dhbL kfl>lds agL . bf lj) Hofnfdf csf{sf] sfd ug]{ . gf)
dL dhb HofnfdL . bfL gf) != Hofnfbfn] ug]{ sfd dhbL . lj) @= Hofnfbf . > Hofnf
dL . Hof;n gf) [g]jf)] afF8f, sf}, sfdL cflb sflnu8sf] sfd ug]{ 7fpF sfo{zfnf . Ho
f:tf lj) [Hofbf] != Hofbf clws . lqm) lj) @= clt crfSnL . > Hof:tL lj)lqm) lj) Hofbf
of:tf . Ho F lj) [;+) o]g] != hlt . lqm) lj) @= hlt . #= h;L . sf To lj) != zfLl
j:yf jf cGo j:t' s'g}

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

Hof]ltd{oHjfnfd'vL Hof]ltd{o lj) [;+)] != Hof]ltaf6 ag]sf] Hof]ltn] elPsf] Hof]ltlgld

{t Hof]lt:jk k|sfzdo . @= rdsbf pHofnf] . Hof]ltln{
u \ gf) [;+)] ;Too'udf wkwkL aNy
gL ljZjf; { , dxfsfn, ulPsf lzjhLsf afx| ln
\u (;f]dgfy, dlNnsfh'g sf]Zj, s]bf]Zj, eL
ljZj]Zj, oDas, j}Bgfy, gfu]Zj, fd]Zj 3[i0f]Zj) . Hof]ltlj{b \ lj) [;+)] Hof]ltif
f]ltifzf:qsf] 1ftf Hof]ltifL . Hof]ltlj{Bf gf) [;+)] x]) Hof]ltifzf:q . Hof]ltZrqm
gf) [;+)] clZjgL, e0fL cflb ;QfO; gIfqxsf ;d"xaf6 ag]sf] flzrqm . Hof]ltif gf) [;+)]
!= u|xgIfqxsf] ult, l:ylt cflbsf] ljj]rgf ug]{ zf:q . @= u|xgIfq cflbsf] ult, l:
yltcg';f x'g] z'ecz'e kmnsf] lgb]{z ug]{ zf:q . zf:q gf) Hof]ltifljBf Hof]ltif;DaGw
L s'fx a'emfpg] zf:q . > Hof]ltifL lj) u|xgIfq cflbsf ult, l:ylt jf ltgsf cg';f x'g]
z'efz'e kmnsf] 1ftf Hof]ltifzf:q hfGg] b}j1 . gf) @= Hof]ltifzf:qdf kf]Vt JolQm .
] . @= Hof]ltisf]if gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltsf] e08f Hof]ltsf] ;|ft cfFvf . Hof]lti6f]d
gf) [;+)] clUgi6f]d o1 ubf{ ;f] o1sf] k"lt{sf lglDt ulg] Ps j}lbs o1 . Hof]ltiky g
f) [;+)] Hof]ltsf] af6f] k|sfzdfu{ cfsfz cGtlIf . Hof]ltidtL lj) [;+)] != Hof]lt ePsL
Hof]ltn] ubf{ wkSs an]sL h:tL Hof]ltd{oL . gf) @= ph]nL ft h'g]nL ft . Hof]ltidfg lj)
[;+)] != Hof]lt ePsf] t]lhnf] k|sfzdfg . gf) @= rGb|, ;"o{ jf clUg . Hof]T:gf gf)
[;+)] rGb|dfsf] ls0f rGb|lZd h"g h'gn ] L. Hof} lj)lqm) lj) x]) Ho"F . sf Tof}
f To"F . Hof}ltif lj) [;+)] != Hof]ltifzf:q;DaGwL Hof]ltifsf] . @= Hof]ltifL . > H
of}ltlifs gf) Hof]ltifL . Hof}T:gf lj) [;+)] Hof]T:gfo'Qm rGb|sf] ls0f ePsf] h'gn ] L
. > Hof}T:gL gf) h'g]nL ft . Hj gf) [;+)] ljleGg sf0fff hDd} hLp tft] efL x'g,] cf
] vfg Tolt ?lr gx'g] Ps f]u hf] . > Hjflt;f gf) Hjsf ;fy} gkr]sf] kftnf] lb;f afa
u hf];Fu} nfUg] kvfnf . Hjf+z gf) != zLsf] tfkdfg s]xL a9\g] zL cln c:j:y x'g] l:
] cfef; . @= cf+lzs hf] .
482

Hjf] gf) [;+) Hj] x]) Hj hf] . > Hjf]TklQ gf) hf] cfpg] lqmof hf]sf] pb\ej hf]
Q . > Hjf]Tkfbs lj) hf] lgsfNg] hf] hGdfpg] hf] k'm6fpg] . Hjng gf) [;+)] != cfuf],
cldnf] cflbn] zLdf x'g] kL8f 6fO . @= csf{sf] pGglt ;kmntf cflbnfO{ ;xg ug{ g;sL dg
df x'g] lrGtf 8fx O{iof{ cfl:ofOF . #= cfufsf] lemNsf] cfuf] . zLn lj) cfuf] l6Kg]
aNg] tj ePsf] aNg] u'0f ePsf] (k]6f n ] , l:kl6, UofF; O)) . HjnGt lj) [;+)] != hNbf]
aNbf] k|sfzdfg b]bLKodfg . @= ;a}n] b]Vga'g ;Sg] cToGt :ki6 . Hjlnt lj) [;+)] != Hjfn
f ePsf] an]sf] . @= k|sfzo'Qm . HjfO gf) [h'jfOF] x]) h'jfOF . ~ gffggffo0f;fx]a gf
fOFnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . Hjfg lj) [kmf) hjfg] x]) hjfg . Hjfg' gf) [;
+) ojfgL] ;'ksf kft;Fu ldNbfh'Nbf kft x'g], ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg], dl;gf ;'uGwL u]8f
kmNg] d;nfsf kdf cf}ifwLsf kdf ;d]t k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] af]6 To;sf] bfg' .
Hjfg] lj) != Hjfgf]h:tf] . @= ;fgf] lh] . ~ emf gf) k|foM wfgv]tdf kfOg], Hjfgfsf h:t
f kft x'g] Ps hftsf] e'Oe F mf . Hjf! gf) h'g]nf] . Hjf@ gf) rGb|dfsf ls0fsf] hf]n]
b|sf kfgLdf 5fn p7\g] lqmof rGb|dfsf cfsif{0fn] ;d'b|df p7\g] 5fn . ~ ef6f gf) rGb
|dfsf ls0fsf k|efjn] ;d'b|df 5fnx pn{g] ;]nfpg] k|lqmof ;fd'lb|s t
\usf] p7\g] 36\g
qmof ;d'b|L nxsf] 36a9 . Hjf ef6f] gf) [h'cfef6f]] anf]nfO{ b'O{ltaf6 s:g] rf]of T
afFlwg] d'Vo ef6f] rf]of ef6f] . HjfL sf]6 gf) [hjfxLsf]6] sd;Dd cfpg], 3fF6L 6Dd x
, afpnf gePsf] Ps lsl;dsf] sf]6 hjfxL sf]6 . Hjfnf gf) [;+)] != an]sf] cfufaf6 p7\g
] nKsf] cfufsf] fFsf] d':nf] . @= hNg] jf kf]Ng] lqmof tfk hng 8fx . #= hLpleqsf] kL8
;f]nf . Hjfnfd'vL gf) [;+)] e"ue{;DaGwL k|lqmofff slxn]sfxLF leqsf] clUg lqmofzLn e
O{ fFsf];lxt w"jfF, tftf] vfgL kUn]sf wft' cflb cf]sNg] k|lqmof jf To:tf] cj:yf .
~ kj{tkxf8 gf) Hjfnfd'vLn] lgdf{0f u]sf] kxf8 Hjfnfd'vL kj{t .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

483
emem
\sf/

em
em b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] gjf}F j0f{ tfnJo
:kz{;
\3ifL{, ;3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ rju{sf] rf}yf] cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf
] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg v'6L emfof] em . emsfO gf) [emfFs\cfO] emfFSg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . emlqmgLemqm]gL gf) [emfFqmLgLPgL] != emfFqmLsL kTgL emfFqmL :qL . @= tG
qff zLdf jfo' r9fP emfkm's ug]{ :qL emfFqmLljBf hfGg] :qL . emunf gf) != em}emGem6
emGem6 . @= s'g} kmfObf jf nfe gx'g] ofpnf] sfd . > emuNofO gf) emFuNofpg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . emuNofOg' emFuNofpg] sfd ulg' . emuNofpg' ;) lqm) emFunf kfg'{ ofpnf] yf]
{ . em6fO gf) [ emfF6\(cfO)] emfF6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] em6fOg' emfF6\g n
Og' emF6fOdf kflg' . em6fpg' k|]) lqm) emfF6\g nfpg' emF6fOdf kfg'{ . ems gf) [ emf]
Ps ;'sf] dfgl;s j]u Ps k|sfsf] ;gs w'g (h:tf] ems dfg') { . emsems gf) [c) d") ems\c
)] != ;fgf]ltgf] sfds'fdf klg lkf]lnOxg] k|j[lQ srsr VofpFVofpF . lqm) lj) @= lah'nL
aQL cflb lgEg vf]Hg] jf aNg] h:tf] eOx] . #= 6]g, OlGhg cflb u'8\bf f]lsO{f]lsO{ cfjf
h cfpg] uL . > emsemsfO gf) emsemsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emsemsfOg' c) lqm) !
= emsfems xf]Og' emndnfOg' . s) lqm) @= emsems kflg' . #= 3r3RofOg' . emsemsfpbf] lj
) rf}lt k|sfz 5lPsf] emnemnfpFbf] rxlsnf] . emsemsfpg' c) lqm) != lah'nL, d}G6f]n cfl
sf] rxlsnf] k|sfzn] rf}lt lemlnldnL x'g' rds km}ng' emnemnfpg' . @= ftf], gLnf], kx]F
nf] cflb ljljw
sf] k|bz{gn] cfsif{s b[Zo k}bf x'g' . ;) lqm) #= 3r3Rofpg' . $= lem
Hofpg' srsr ug'{ . emsemsL gf) != s'g} gfd|f] sfds'f xf]nf ls eGg] qf; . @= emsfems h
udu . emsdSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ems\c (l))] uxgf cflbn] l;Fuflg] jf rxlsnf] k|sfz 5lg]
uL emlsemsfp ;lh;hfp (pbf) ;fgL t uxgfn] emsdSs eO5 . au}r F f km"nn] emsdSs ePsf] 5
.) . emsn] lj) [emsnf]P] kmf6]sf] jf e'mqf] n'uf nfpg] yf
\g] . emsnf] lj) != lry|f]
f]qf] yf
\gf] . gf) @= kmf6]sf] jf e'mqf] n'uf . emsfO gf) [ emsfp (cfO)] emsfpg] efj,
lqmof jf
(jT:o{)

k|lqmof p
\g] sfd . [ > ] emsfOg' c) lqm) lgb|fn] e'mlng' pl
g' . emsfpg' c) lqm) cfFvf
f cgfof; emKsL cfpg' lgb|fn] cfFvf nfUg' jf e'mNg' l5ge pFg' . emsfems lj) [emsems] !
= rf}lt k|sfz km}lnPsf] emsdSs ePsf] emlsemsfp ;lh;hfp . lqm) lj) @= emsdSs x'g] uL
t lemnldn eP . emsf gf) [;+)] em cIf rju{sf] rf}yf] Jo~hgj0f{ . emlsemsfp gf) [ems
!= k|sfz,
, l;Fufk6f cflb aflxL cfj0faf6 ;'zf]let x'g] k|lqmof ;lh;hfp emsdSs x'g]
@= k|sfzk'~haf6 cfpg]
\uLla
\uL ;f}Gbo{ . emSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ems\s] != Ps} emf]Ssf
f rxlsnf] k|sfz 5lg] uL lemNn . @= cgfof; PsfPs . emSs8 lj) [emsc8] != ;fgf]ltgf] s'
klg Ifl0fs cfj]zdf cfP PsfPs l;fpg] l;fxf emf]sL . @= pT;fxL cfF6L ;fx;L . #= hG8
. > emSs8LemSs8] lj) emSs8 :jefjsf] . emSsn] lj) [emSsnf]P] emSsnf] gSsn]sf] k"s . e
Ssnf] lj) 7fF6afF6 u]sf] l;FuflPsf] 7fFl6nf] . emSsL lj) [emfF s sO{ ] != l5gl5gdf
; :jefjkljt{g ug]{ PsfPs cgf}7f] lg0f{o ug]{ emSs8 . @= emf]sL l;fxf . emu8f gf) [k|f
emu8] b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L JolQmsf aLr k:ksf] zq'tfk"0f{ egfeg snx slr
\un f8f] e
. tu8f gf) k:ksf] snx jf egfeg em}emu8f slr
\un 8fsf] . (pbf) xfdLn] cfk;sf] emu8
fu lng' x'b F g } ) . > emu8fn' lj) != ;fgf]ltgf] s'fdf klg lgx'F lems] afg] :jefjsf
] emu8f ug]{ emul8of ae'mjf . gf) @= To:tf] :jefj ePsf] JolQm . emul8of lj) != emu8f
ug]{ :jefj ePsf] emu8fn' . gf) @= cfcbfntdf d'2f k]kl5 d'2f gl5g'Gh]n tf]vdf wfOxg]
jf jf]; fv] d'2f ug]{ sf0fL JolQm jfbL jf k|ltjfbL . emu8] lj) emu8f ug]{ :jefjsf] e
fn' . emu8fxf lj) emu8fn' emul8of . em
\sf gf) [;+)] != jL0ff lutf, tfgk"f, a]Gh' c
afhf ahfpFbf ;'lgg] ;'dw' Wjlg emgemgfx6 . @= sfF;sf] ofnL b'O{ xftdf lnP cfk;df u8\
bf lg:sg] cfjfh ofOFofOF . #= wft'sf efF8fx cfk;df 6SsfpFbf lg:sg] Wjlgt
\u . > em
\s
em
\sf ulPsf]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

em
\st [ em8\sffO em
\s[t . em
\sfL lj) em
\sf ug]{ u'FHg] . em
\st [ lj) [;+)] em
m
\sfsf] Wjlgn] o'Qm em
\sflt u'l~ht . > em
\sl[ t gf) em
\sf u'~hg . ] f] JolQm eme
mnemnsf]] != s'g} ;dodf b]vs jf j:t'sf] wldnf] ;Demgf s'g} dflg; jf j:t'nfO{ b]vh
] :tf] x'g] l:ylt efg e|d . @= cGo k'?if jf j:t'af] x'g] xNsf ;Demgf emNsf] . em~emg
gf) [;+)] != ;'grfFbL cflbsf uxgf cfk;df 7Ss vfP aHg] l:ylt em
\sf . @= wft'sf efF8fat
{gxdf 7Ss nfUbf lg:sg] cfjfh . em~emf gf) [;+)] vsf xfFuflauf efFRb} w"nf] p8fpFb} x
' g x' g fP axg] cfF w La] x L jiff{ ; lxtsf] cfF w L . > em~emflgnem~emfjft gf) kfgL
sf] ;fy;fy} rf}lt x'l{Psf] atf; . em6 lqm) lj) [;+) eml6lt] t'?Gt em cx|fpgf;fy tTs
(pbf) em6 uP km6 sfd ;lsxfNg'k5{) . em6s gf) != s'g} a]nf elgPsf] s'f kl5 k|;
\u rNbfr
Nbf cfpg] c:ki6 ;Demgf . @= c:ki6 IfL0f Wjlg . #= em8\sf] emf]Ssf . em6gL gf) [emf
F6cgL] != wfg kfs]kl5 Ps k6sdf emfFl6g] wfgsf af]6sf] d'7f] . @= wfg emfF6\g] sfd
. em6k6 lqm) lj) [em6k] l56l56f] t'?Gtft'?GtL rfF8} t'?Gt . > em6k6L lqm) lj) t'?Gt
?GtL xtktL em6k6 . em6fem6 lqm) lj) [em6cfem6] slQ klg ca] guL l56f]l56f] . > em6fe
m) lj) l56f]l56f] u] r6fr6L . em6ff] gf) [emLcff]] gf) != cfFk, ;'Gtnf cflb kmn emf
nflu jf cGo s'g} k|of]hgsf nflu xftn] ;dft] j]un] x'TofOg] nL emL . @= dg gkLgkL lbPs
] lgDtf]kq jf ;Demf}6f] . #= 5]8k]r 3f]rfO Jo
\Uo . ~ xfGg' 6') dfg] klg gdfg] klg jf
lrQ a'em] klg ga'em] klg Ps kN6 elg;Dd lbg' . (pbf) fd|f; ] u F ;DemfP eGg'kYof],{
em6ff] xfg] dfq s] x'GYof] ) . eml6
eml6
\u gf) [emfF6O
\uO
] != u'bfsf f}F
gf) [emfF6\cf}f]] != wfg emfF6b \ f jf r'6b \ f em6gL afFWg] 8f]L . @= ;fgf] lsl;ds
f] em6ff] . em6\sg c) lqm) [em6\sf] g] != wfg, ds}, tf]L cflb cGg r6\bf em6\sf kg{
. @= em6\sf] kg{ em6\sflg . > em6\sfO gf) em6\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . em6\sfOg s)
lqm) em6\sg] kflg . em6\sfpg k|) ] lqm) em6\sg] kfg{ em6\lsg nfpg . em6\sf\g ;)
lqm) [em6\sf g] wfg, tf]L cflb cGg emfFl6;s]kl5 vnfdfly 6s6Sofpg r6g \  emfF6g \ 
. @=
484

em6\sf] kfg{, km6\sfg{ . em6\sf gf) [em6\sf] sf/] nuf jf cGg cflb 6s6Sofpg] sfd em
6\sf] 6s6SofO km6\sf/ em6\sf/ . em6\sffO gf) [ em6\sf\ ( cfO)] em6\sfg]{ efj, lqmof
lqmof . [ > ] em6\sflg s) lqm) em6\sf] kflg emfFl6g . em6\lsg c) lqm) [em6\sf] O g
!= em6\sg . @= em6\sf] kflg em6\sflg . em6\sn ] L gf) [em8\s]nf] O{] != kf]On uPsL
:jf:gLn] kf]On hfgeGbf klxn]sf kltaf6 hGdfPsL k|foM ;Fu} NofPsL 5f]L em8\s]nL . @
= ;f}tfsL 5f]L ;f}t]nL 5f]L . em6\sn ] f] gf) NofOt] :jf:gLn] cl3Nnf] kltaf6 hGdfP k|
foM ;Fu} lnO{ cfPsf] ;Gtfg em8\sn ] f] . @= ;f}tg ] L ;Gtfg ;f}t]gL 5f]f] . em6\sf]
gf) [em6 sf]] != em6\sfg]{ jf emfF6g \ ] sfd em6\sf em8\sf] . @= cgfof; kfg]{ hf]8 .
em6\SofOem6\Sofx6 gf) [em6\ls ofOofx6] em6\lsg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . em lqm) lj) [;+)
eml6lt] l56f] t?Gt zL3| rfF8} . k lqm) lj) hlt;Sof] rfF8} pltv]} t?Gt a] guL
f) [;+) eml6lt] 6f9faf6 j]un] xflgPsf] nL em6ff] . em} lqm) lj) [em P]] em g} t?Gt
s lqm) lj) [c) d") em6\ > em6\fs\ c] != eGgf;fy t?Gt} a] gnufO{sg . @= 8f]L cflb rF
sf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . em6s lqm) lj) != Ps} l5gdf l56} ;lsg] uL t?Gtft?GtL . @= Ps
bd rFl8g] jf rF8flng] uL . > em6fSs lqm) lj) Ps}bd rlF 8g] jf r8 F flng] uL PSsfl
; em6\sf] kg]{ u] . em8\u lqm) lj) [em6 c\u] PSsfl; h\lug] uL rfF8} l;fP l56f] e
em8\uLem8\Uofxf lj) l56} l;fpg] :jefjsf] em8\u l;fpg] afgL ePsf] em8\u ug]{ . em
em8\u . > em8\Lem8\fxf lj) em8\Uofxf . em8k gf) bO{ ;d"xsf aLrdf xg] emu8f jf l
k:ksf] emu8f . em8sg c) lqm) [em8\s g] x]) em6\sg . > em8\sfO gf) em8\sg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . em8\lsg c) lqm != em8\sg . @= em8\sf] kfl/g . em8\sf gf)x]) em6\sf/ .
em8\sf\g ;) lqm) [em8\sf g] x]) em6sfg{ . em8\sffO gf) [ em8\sf\ ( cfO)] x]) em6
> ] em8\sflg s) lqm) em6\sflg .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

485

em8\s]nLemkSs jf emGg xg] zAb lgsfNg . @= kfph]a, 3Fuf cflbaf6 ;dw cfjfh lgsfN
g . emlGsg c) lqm) [emGs O g] != emgSs l;fpg emGsf p7\g emGsg . @= lGsg . #= e
cfjfh lgl:sg . emGs] lj) [emGsf] P] emgSs l;fpg] afgL ePsf] emf]sL l;fxf . emGsf] g
[emgSs cf]] l;sf] Ifl0fs cfj]u Gsf] . emGSofO gf) [ emlGs ( ofO)] emlGsg] jf emf]lSsg]
mof k|lqmof . [ > ] emGSofx6 gf) emGsg] tyf emGsfpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof emG
sfO . emGem6 gf) [k|f) em+em] != lagl;lQ cfOnfu]sf] tyf dg gkg]{ vfnsf] sfd jf Jo
jxf . @= ;fgf7"nf w]} sl7gfO ePsf] grflxFbf] sfdsf] emf]h emd]nf 6G6f emfpnf] . >
l6ofemGem6LemGem6] lj) != emGem6nfUbf] emsf]n { fUbf] . @= rflxg]grflxg] sfd af]s ] l
xF8g \ ] cgfjZos bMv a];fpg] (JolSt) . emg\emg\ lj) [emg\ emg\] cem a];L pQf]Q . emG6
ofemG6emG6\ofdG6\of lqm)lj)x]) emG6\ofemG8 . emG8f gf) [;+) b08] 8G8fsf] 6Kkf
] vf; uL ejg, dlGb cflbdf kmxfOg], sg} b]z, ;+:yf, bn cflbsf] ljz]if k|tLs jf lrXgc
lst sk8fsf] ljleGg cfsf sf] 6qmf To:t} cfsfdf ag]sf] sfut, wft cflbsf] 6qmf] jf k
fos lrXg Wjhf ktfsf . > emG8L gf) ;fgf] emG8f . emG8} lqm) lj) [;+) em0fem0fd\] != n
ueu kugku clnslt gku . @= ;kmn xgxg nfu]sf] t ;fgf] uNtL jf c;fjwfgLn] k"f gxg
] uL . emG8femG8 lqm) lj) [c) d") emG8f c (l))] != gfgf yL dfndQf cJojl:yt kn]
o;L emG8fpFbf xlNnP emG6fdG6f . gf) @= dfndQf lem6Lld6L . emGg lqm) lj) [c) d")
jL0ff, lutf, a]Gh cflb afhfsf tfdf sg} 7f]; j:tsf] 7Ss nfu] Wjlgt\u lg:sg] uL wf
efF8fat{g cfk;df 6SsfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] rfnn] Gg . @= sg} c\udf PsfPs rf]6 nfUbf jf l
ahnLsf] s]G6n] 5b F f j]bgf pAhg] lsl;d;Fu . #= l;fpg] jf emGsg] uL PsfPs dfgl;s p
Q]hgf a9\g] lsl;dn] . ~ emGg lqm) lj) nuftfsf] emGg . emG;ff] lqm) lj) [emg\ ;fx|f]] e
GbfeGb} klg pltdfly cem a];L . emkSs lqm) lj) [c) d") emks\ s] != PsfPs lgb|fn] 5f]Kg
] uL . @= rf}ltaf6 9flsP jf 5f]lkP . #= vel w]} kmnkm"n emlKkP kmNg] jf kmNg] ub

em8\sn ] L gf)x]) em6\sn ] L. em8\sn ] f] gf)x]) em6\s]nf] . em8\sf] gf)x]) em6\sf]

. emtfp] lj) [emtfpf] P] != emtfpf] nuf nfpg] . @= lxDdt gePsf], xtLxff emtfpf] .
pf] gf) [emQf] cfpf]] != yf\gf nuf lry|f sk8f k|of]u uL emqf] eO;s]sf] kmfNg nfos
. lj) @= cfF6 gePsf] xtLxff . emtf} ] lj) [emtf}f] P] x]) emtfp] . emtf}f] gf) [em
x]) emtfpf] . emQf] lj) [;+) Wj:t] != gi6 ePsf] Wj:t ePsf] . @= kmf6]sf] . emg\ lqm
) lj) [k|f) em0f] c a9\tf c klg clwst km]l a];L . emgSs lqm) lj) [c) d") emgs\ s] !
o sfdf klg t?Gt} emf]lsg] uL PsfPs lGsP emgSs gSs . @= ofnL, dhf cflbaf6 Psfl:
gl:sPem}F . emgemg lqm) lj) [;+) em~emg] != ;grfFbLsf uxgf jf wftsf efF8fat{g 7
Ss vfFbf cfjfh lg:sg] uL . @= lahnLsf] s]G6n] ;dfTbf jf zLsf] sg} efudf 7Ss nfUbf P
tdf;;Fu r:sg] uL . > emgemgfO gf) emgemgfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emgemgfOg c)
lqm) emgemg cfjfh lgl:sg . emgemgfpg c) lqm) != l;tf, tfgkf cflb tfsf afhfxaf6 Wjl
gt\u lg:sg emgemg zAb cfpg emGsg . @= 7Ss nfUbf jf f]un] zLsf] sg} cjoj emdemdf
emgemgfx6 gf) emgemgfpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof emgemgfO . emgfO gf) [ emfg\ ( cf
O)] emfGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emgfOg s) lqm) emfGg nfOg . emgfpg k|]
) lqm) emfGg nfpg . emg\cl:t lqm) lj) [emg\ cl:t] tLg lbgcl3 cl:teGbf cluNnf] lbg .
emGsg c) lqm) [emgSs g] != sf gaem] cfj]zdf cfO{ Gsg eGsg l;fpg . @= jfBoGq
uGhg jfBoGqsf] d"n Wjlgkl5 ;fgf] ysf]{ xg . > emGsfO gf) emGsg] tyf emGsfpg] ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emGsfOg s) lqm) emgSs l; p7fOg . emGsfpg k|) ] lqm) emgSs
l; p7fpg emGsg] kflg . emGsfemGsL gf) [emGsf] emGsf]] kfn}l;t h\lug] sfd bO{ jf b
Gbf a9L JolStdf h\lug] jf egfeg xg] Jojxf GsfGsL . emGsf\g ;) lqm) [em\sf g] !
gkf, a]Gh cflb tfsf afhfaf6 cfjfh lgsfNg em\sfsf] cfjfh

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

emkemkemD6fO emkemk lqm) lj) [c) d") emk\ c (l))] != afaf lgb|f nfUg] uL p nfUg] ls
@= PsPs l5gdf aQL lgEg] u] emKkemKk . #= afaf 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] uL . > emkemkLemkemkt
m) lj) cem} emkemk xg] uL . emkgf gf) [c) d") emk\ cgf] != 5f]Kg] j:t 9sgf . @= kmn
km"n cflb xfNg] 6f]sL Ps k|sfsf] 9lsof . emkL gf) Ps hftsf] wfg . emkf\g ;) lqm) [
] != s;}nfO{ sg} sfd lauf]df jf l; kf]Vg rsf]{ :jn] ufnL ug{ xKsfpg 5fF:g emfF6g
\ . @= wDsL b]vfpg wDsfpg . > emkf gf) emkfg]{ jf xkfg]{ sfd xKsL vKsL emk]6f] . e
kffO gf) emkfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emkflg s) lqm) a];L xKsfOg . emlkof gf) v
dhaf6 ag]sf], 9Ssg ePsf] nufkmf6f fVg ldNg] 9lsof ;fgf] ;6s];h:tf] emG8fpg] ;f
wg . emk]6f] gf) [emfk6 P6f]] xKsL vKsL emfk6 . emk]qf] gf) [c) d") emk\ Pqf]] != lqmof
qLn] 6fpsfdf afFWg] ;]tf] ?dfn . @= skfn 5f]Kg] sk8f . emKsgemlKsg c) lqm) [emKsL g
] != emKsL nfUg p\g . @= nuf, uxgf cflbn] emlem xg . #= kmnx n6Dd xg . emKsL
f) [emKsf] O{] Ps l5gsf] lgb|f yf]} a] 5f]Kg] lgb|f p . emKs] lj) [emKsf] P] yf]} a]
. emKsf] gf) [;+) ofkg] yf]} a]sf] gLb emKsL . emKk lqm) lj) [c) d") emk\ k] != yfx}
kfO{sg PSsfl; lgb|fn] 5f]Kg] uL emkSs . @= PsfPs aQL lge] jfKk . #= nfu" kbfy{ cflbn]
emdfpg] uL . emKkf gf) [emKkf] != kf0fjfrs kl08tn] jf ljjfxdf bnxfn] nufpg] kuL
sf] bfofFafofF z[u \ fsf nflu n6\sfOg] dl0f jf kmn cflbsf nsf{ emKkf . @= clwsfLxn]
h\uL kf];fssf sfFwdf h8\g] hL, aQ cflbsf emKkf . emKk" gf) [emfk6] != ;fx|f] lk6
fO emfk6 yKk8 . @= xKsL vKsL emF6fO . #= tf;df ;ysf] PSsf . lj) $= a8]dfsf] 7"nf] .
mk|L gf) [emkL] afSnf] af]qmf ePsf] 5f]6f]5f]6f] s]xL df]6f] vfnsf] s]f . emanf gf)
[lx) emaf] 6fpsf]af6 l5fP nufpg] vf;Dd nqg] Ps k|sfsf] nuf cnvf . emds gf) [;+)
!= afDaf bf]xf]ofOg] sfdsf] v]k kN6 rf]l6 k6s km]f . @= ndssf] k"s (h:tf] ndsemds
lqm) lj) [c) d") emds\ s] 3fd 8ak ] l5 rf}lt cFWoff] 5fpg] uL ;fFem k]kl5 glhssf] j:
klg b]Vg
486

g;lsg] lsl;dn] rsdGg . emdemd lqm) lj) [c) d") emd\ c (l))] != Ps}gf;n] afSnf] kfgL b
ls{xg] uL . @= jfo jf Qmljsfn] zL Ps tdf;l;t blvx] . > emdemdfO gf) emdemd eOxg
mof jf k|lqmof . emdemdfpg c) lqm) != jfo jf Qmsf] ljsfn] zLsf] aflxL 5fnfdf Pstdf;
] bVg l;:g cflbn] kf]Nbf jf lahnLsf] s]G6 nfUbf zLdf j]bgf xg . @= w]} a];Dd de
f}nf jiff{ xg emdemd kfgL kg{ . emdemdfx6 gf) emdemdfpg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmof .
emd6 gf) [k|f) emDkf] != afa bf]xf]lOxg] lqmofsf] PsfO kN6 rf]l6 k6s km]f . @= j]
. emd]nf gf) [k|f) emdfn] sg} kmfObf geO{sg sfd jf Jojxfdf nfluxgkg]{ l:ylt grflxF
bf] tjn] sfddf kml;xg] cj:yf emGem6 emf]h emDdf . emDsg c) lqm) [emdemd g] != w]
gf; demf}nf vfnn] kfgL kg{ emdemd kfgL kg{ . @= emNn, dfnf cflb emlG8P ;lhPsf] x
g . > emDsfO gf) != emNn, dfnf cflbsf] ;hfj6 . @= uxgf, nuf cflbn] ;lh;hfp xg]
lqmofk|lqmof . #= afhfx v"a;Fu aHg] k|lqmof . emDsfOg c) lqm) emNn, dfnf cflbn] ;
hfOg . emDsfpg k|]) lqm) nuf, uxgf cflbn] ;hfpg emNn, dfnf cflbn] l;Fufg{ . em
Ds] lj) [emDsf] P] != kfgLsf] bsf]{ klx]sf] (cj:yf) . @= emDsf] xfn]sf] emNn, dfnf cf
b emG8fOPsf] . ~ kmnL gf) emDsf ePsf], gfsdf nufOg] ;gsf] uxgf tn emDsf ePsf]
k"mnL . ~ anfFsL gf) cfOdfO{xn] gfssf bO{ kf]faLr 5]l8Psf] tNnf] efudf nufpg] ;g
sf] uxgf kft jf emDsf] ePsf] anfsL . ~ fof] gf) km]bb } l] v emfFluFb} cfPsf] fof]s
f] af]6 . emDsf] gf) [;+) emKk] emlG8Psf ;;fgf j:txsf] ;d"x uR5f] emDsf] . emD6g
;) lqm) [;+) emDk g] != s;}dfly l;sf] cfj]zdf PsfPs cfqmd0f ug{ pk|m] hfOnfUg j]un]
xdnf ug{ emlD6g . @= s;}nfO{ sfn] fSg vf]Hg . #= PSsfl; hfUg h\lug . emD6f gf
k|f) emDkf] != af3, l;+x, :ofn, ss, rLn cflbsf kGhfsf] xgfO PsfPs xg] cfqmd0f .
@= xKsL vKsL vKsLbKsL nv]6fO . emD6fO gf) [ emD6 ( cfO)] emD6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [ > ] emD6fOg s) lqm) emD6g nfOg cfqmd0f ulg . emD6fpg k|) ] lqm) emD6g nfpg c
fqmd0f ufpg . emlD6g ;) lqm) != emD6g . s) lqm) @= emD6g] sfd ulg .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

487

emDkgemofd kn lj) != em]sf] jf v;]sf] ar]vr]sf] . gf) @= ar]vr]sf] j:t v;] To;}
Psf] rLhaLh . emfO gf) [ em\emf\ ( cfO)] emg]{ jf emfg]{ lqmof k|lqmof . [ > ] emfOg
qm) emg{ jf emfg{ nfOg . emfpg k|) ] lqm) emg{ jf emfg{ nfpg emg]{ kfg{ . emfk gf
) k;nsf cl3lNt vf]Ng jf aGb ug{ xg] uL flvPsf] tvtL . emfnL gf) klxn]sf] hdfgfdf k|T
o]s 3/w/Laf6 ;}Go ;]jfdf clgjfo{ hfgkg]{ Joj:yfcGtu{t ul7t ;]gf . emlem lqm) lj)
[emlnf] em] uxgfulofn] k|z:t ;lhg] uL emlsemsfp eP emsdSs . emlg c) lqm) [em\
xg lulg vl;g . emlnf] lj) [em{ Onf]] ememfpFbf] rxlsnf] rdsbf (cgxf, hLp
[g]jf)] != yfd, lgbfn cflbsf 5]p5fpdf lemlsg] ;f]emf] vf]N;f] gfun . @= To:tf] vf
]N;f] kfg]{ ;fgf] G8f . #= sf7sf d]r, 6]lan cflb ;s] hf]gL{df k]sf] wfFhf] . emL@ gf
) [;+)] != al;{x]sf] kfgLsf] k|jfx a;f{t j[li6 . @= emgf 5xf] hnk|kft . sf] et]
6f] ;s"F eg]h:tf] jf ;fx|} emf]lhnf] l:ylt . ~ Rofp gf) a;f{tsf] ;dodf hldgdf pd|
g], ;]tf] sf] 5qLh:tf], vfg xg] Rofp . ~ afbn gf) emL afbn a;f{t wlDdPsf] d]3
jf lj) [em\ pjf] != em]sf] v;]sf] . @= klxnf] kN6 r6] emflPsf] (wfg cflb) . em]nL
ff PnL] Hofnf lbP jf glbO{ sfddf nufOg] dflg; emffsf] v]tfnf] . emf] gf) [k|f) em cf
Hofnfsf nflu aflng] ;Nnfsf] 6qmf6fqmL lbofnf] . @= bfpfsf] 5]:sf] . (pbf) 3df Ps emf
] bfpf 5}g, s]n] eft ksfpg] xf] ) . ems{g c) lqm) [emsf] { g] csf sf dg gkL emsf
g] af]Ng RofFl7g hs{g . > emsf{O gf) ems{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emsf{Og s) lq
m) ems{g nfOg . emsf{pg k|) ] lqm) ems{g nfpg . emls{g  != c) lqm) emsf]{ dfg]
af]lng . @= ems{g . { != lemFlhg] jf lbSs nfUg] l:ylt emsf] { gf) [;+) emem\] em
d]nf emGem6 . @= lemHofx6 lbSs jfSs . kmsf] { gf) emsf]{ dfGg] sfd ems] { af]Ng] :j
jf l:ylt ttsf]k { mtsf]{ . emem{ gf) [;+)] != Ps lsl;dsf] 9f]n afhf . @= emfFem . #
= ofD6f] . emem{L gf) != ofD6f] ofnL . @= lzj . emgf{ gf)x]) em/gf . emofd gf) [c)
fd\ c] sfFr cflb j:t km6b \ f lg:sg] cfjfh . > emofdem?d lqm) lj) != r"0f{ eP

emDkg gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tnfO{ dflyaf6 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] sfd . @= emD6g] jf xdnf
ug]{ sfd emD6fO . emDkn gf) vfN8f] vGg], 9f jf kxf] kmf]g]{ cflb sfddf k|of]u ulg] k
mnfdsf] xltof un . emDkfs gf) [;+)] Ps hftsf] afFb . emDkf6 gf) [ emDdf] != emd]nf
mGem6 . lj) @= sfd gnfUg] 2L . emDkfn gf) [k|f) emDk] dflg;ff af]lsg] Dofgf jf plnGsf
7h:t} jfxg . emDd lqm) lj) [k|f) emDk] gzfn kbfy{sf] k|efjn] zL nlPem}F PsfPs emdfp
g] uL . emDdLemf6 gf) [emDdemfF6] u'Gb|'s (x]ofy{df) . emDdf gf) [emDdef] grflxFb
nfUbf] sfd jf Jojxfdf km:g] l:ylt emd]nf emGem6 ofpnf] . em\g [k|f) em g] != cUn
6 sg} rLh tn v:g dflyaf6 tnlt cfpg lug{ . @= cf]fnf] nfUg v:sg . #= hflt jf kDk
f6 Rot xg kltt xg . em! gf) [c) d") em\ c] kfgL a;]{sf] jf emgf v;]sf] zAb . em@
[;+) e[m c] rfdnsf] kL7f] l3p jf gf}gLdf d5L sk8fdfly a]n ] ulnof] kbfy{ gld;fO{
ksfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] f]6L l3pf]6L 3]j . em# gf) [;+)] != al;{x]sf] kfgLsf] cwf]ufdL
. @= To:tf] k|jfxsf] sg} Ps PsfO (Ps em, bO{ em, tLg em O)) . ems gf) [emns] != cg
f}7f] 36gf jf ;+of]u sfstfnL of7\f ldn]dtf] . @= cb\et b[Zo sf}ts fd5fofF . #=
. emem gf) [c) d") em\ c (l))] != emL kbf{ jf kfgL a;{Fbfsf] zAb . @= emgfaf6 kfgL
lg:sg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) #= To:tf] zAb jf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . > ememfO gf) ememfpg]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ememfOg c) lqm) ememfpg] xf]Og . ememfpbf] lj) != rxsbf
. @= emlnf] flkP e'
\u|f] ePsf] cfuf]h:tf] . ememfpg' c) lqm) != aLraLrdf f]lsO{f]
sf] bsf]{ kg'{ . @= rxlsnf] x'g' rDsg' . ememfx6 gf) ;kmf s~rg x'g] efj, lqmof jf k|
lqmof . emlem6L gf) [(l)) lem6L] ofqf cflbdf geOgx'g] vfB j:t' n'ufsk8fsf ;;fgf kf]
sf lem6Lld6L dfndQf . emgf gf) [;+) em] cUnf] 7fpFaf6 x'lQO{ v;]sf] kfgLsf] 5fFuf] k|
s[lts jf s[lqd 5xf] emgf{ . emn lj) [em\cn] k};f, j:t' cflb v;]sf] em]sf] . (pbf)
{ t emn g} klg y'k|} eof] xf]nf) .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

em{emNnL efF8fs'F8f km'6\g] uL rsgfr" . gf) @= sfFr cflb j:t' km'6\bf lg:sg] cfjfh .
> emofDd lqm) lj) efF8fs'F8f Ps} aflh dflyaf6 tn v;] km'6]sf] cfjfh lg:sg] uL . em{ g
) [c) d") em\] != cfsfzaf6 kfgL v:bf cfpg] cfjfh b{ . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] cfjfh lg:sg]
uL . #= tft]sf] l3pt]ndf kfgL cflb kbf{ cfjfh lg:sg] uL jf{ . emf{ gf) [yf)] yfhfl
|rlnt Ps lsl;dsf] nf]sg[To . emf] { lj) [k|f) em8f] > ;+) em6] != w"nf] cflb em6\sf]
kmf kflPsf] . @= gla6'lnPsf] rf]vf] z'4 . #= afa'cfdfsf] u'0f lnPsf] afa'cfdf;Fu sf6
Ls'6L ldNg] . $= aflxL k|efj gk]sf] . %= lgDgtd ;fdflhs k"jf{wf k"f uL tNnf] hftLo sf
]l6af6 dflyNnf] sf]l6df k|j]z u]sf] . gf) ^= To;L dflyNnf] sf]l6df k'u]sf] s'g} Jo
lQm . jfb gf) != @)!# ;fnlt agf;df cWoog ug]{ efiffk|]dL JolQmxn] g]kfnL efiffsf] rf
]vf] k|of]usf nflu rnfPsf], efiffdf ;s];Dd b]zh tb\ej zAb dfq k|of]u ug'{k5{ eGg
] dtdf cfwflt cleofg . jfbL lj) emf]j { fbsf] cg'ofoL emf]j { fbnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg k|o
; ug]{ (JolQm) . > emof{O gf) emf]{ x'gfsf] efj, u'0f, cj:yf jf ljz]iftf emf]{kgf l
4tf . emns gf) [;+) emlNnsf] != 3fd, aQL jf lah'nL cflbsf] rxlsnf] k rds rxs cfef . @
= ghflgFbf] emNsf] wldnf] ;Demgf ememNsf] . #= ;Demgf . bf lj) emns jf rds ePsf] emN
g] rxsbf . > emnSs lqm) lj) != Ps} l5g dfq b]vf kg]{ uL e'mn'Ss . @= lgd]ife rDsg] jf
emlNsg] eP . #= Ps} l5g b]vs ] f] edf ;DemFb} . emnemn lqm) lj) [c) d") emn\c (l))] !
= s'g} j:t' nuftf emNsg] uL emndnfpFbf] eP . @= afDaf ;Demg] lsl;dn] emnemnL . > emn
fO gf) emnemnfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emnemnfOg' s) lqm) emnemnfpg] xf] O g' .
emnemnfp b f] lj) emnemn ug] { jf x' g ] emndnfpFbf] . emnemnfpg' c) lqm) rxsdxs
b]lvg] uL rndnfpg' emndnfpg' . emnemnfx6 gf) emnemn x' g ] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf emnem
nfO . emnemntLemnemnL lqm) lj) nuftf emnemn eP . emndn lqm) lj) [c) d") emn\c (l))]
3fd, aQL cflbsf] pHofnf] jf s'g} j:t'sf] ;f}Gbo{ b]lvg] uL emnemn . gf) @= fdldtf dfO
f] . > emndNn lqm) lj) rf}lt emndn x'g] uL jf ;f}Gbo{ 5lP emndn . emNsg c) lqm) [
!= ;f}Gbo{ jf k|sfzn] emNn xg rDsg 6Nsg . @= dgdf sg} cfs[lt, efj jf ;f}Gbo{s
f]
488

emNsf cfpg . #= ;Demg efg kg{ p:t} nfUg . > emNsg] lj) 6ns ePsf] rdsbf . emNsfO g
) emNsg] jf emNsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . emNsfOg s) lqm) emNsg] kfg{ . emNsfOnf] lj) e
mNsg] vfnsf] rdsbf . emNsfpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != aQL jf lahnLsf] k|sfz km}nfpg emN
sg] kfg{ . @= sg} sf fd|f] af]w xg] uL ;Demfpg . emNsf] gf) [emns cf]] != sg} j:
t jf JolQm b]Vgf;fy xg] c:ki6 cfef; xf] ls, xf] ls nfUg] ;Demgf ememNsf] . @= ld
Yofef; k|tLlt efg . #= rds emns 6ns . emN6fe m N6 emN8fe m N8 gf) [ c) d
l))] != xft, sfFw cflbdf emG8fpFbf xlNng] kf]sfkf]sL lem6Lld6L lem6LemfD6f . lqm) l
j) @= To:tf] kf]sfkf]sL jf lem6LemfD6f xNnfpFb} emG8fpg] uL emf\unem\un . emNof:;
) lj) [c) d") emNofF;\;] != d:t lgb|fdf klg PsfPs lapFemg] uL PSsfl; r]tgf jf xf];d
f cfP . @= crfgs ;Demg] lsl;dn] . emNofse'mn's lqm) lj) [c) d") emNofs\c (l))] != em
lnf] j:t' jf pHofnf] obfsbf b]lvg] uL slxn]sfxLF dfq 3fd cflb b]lvg] rfn;Fu . @= s'
g} JolQm jf j:t' kmf6km'6 b]lvg] uL cfsne'msn . emNofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") emNofs\s] P
s emd6 b]lvg] jf emlNsg] uL . emNof
e'mn'
lqm) lj) [c) d") emNof
\c (l))] otfplt xNng]
xNnfpg] uL emN6f
e'mN6'
. @= slxn]sfxLF stfslt cfsne'msn . emNn lqm) lj) [c) d") em
= s]xL l5gsf nflu rDsg] jf 6Nsg] uL emNsg] lsl;dn] . @= rf}lt 5lP pHofnf] km}ng] uL
Nn . ~ emNn lqm) lj) afDaf emNn eP . emNn gf) [;+) emNnL] dlGbsf 5fgf, rFb'jf, 5ftf
n cflbsf 5]p5fpdf zf]efsf lglDt rf}lt e'mlG8Psf d'hfbf sk8f jf e'mDsf . emNnL lj) [;+
)] != e'mDsf ePsf] emNnbf . gf) @= Ps k|sfsf] 9f]n . #= ofnL afhf ofD6f . ~ 5ftf gf
]if kj{ jf cj;df b]jtf, fhf cflbnfO{ ljjfx cflbdf jjw"nfO{ cf]9fOg] emNn nfu]sf] 7"n
f] 5ftf . dNnL lj) != kmf6] jf k'fgf] eP lrflrf ePsf] lrNyflrNyf kL nq]sf] (sk8f
a} l;FuflPsf] emndn b]lvg] (k|foM Jo
\Uofy{df) . emlNnsf gf) [;+)] != kfp8, cQ,
cfl
pg] gd sk8f jf ?jfsf] n'F8f] . @= rxs rds . #= ofpFsLL . emNnL gf) [;+)] ofD6f ofnL
.

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

489

emNn'emNnf]emf6 hflt . > emfu8L gf) emfFu8 hflt emfFu8sf] efiff jf af]nL . ~ gfr gf)
"ntM emfFu8hfltdf rn]sf] ;gftgL gfr . (o; gfrdf j}zfvb]lv ebf};Dd wl8of, ebf}c;f]hd
f wdf{sdf{, sflQsdf htf To;kl5 kmfug;Dd bds; v]n r}tdf kmujf hfqfsf gfr xG5g
mu n lqm) lj) [c) d") emfFun (l))] != dflg;nfO{ prfNbf jf af]Sbf cf]N6f]sf]N6f] kf]
tfptf xNnfpFb} lemhf]Ng] rfnn] . @= n5fk5f u] l3RofOd'G6fO ub}{ . emflug' c) lqm)
] vla?jfsf rf}lt xfFuflaFuf, kft cflb km}ng' emfFu nfUg' . emfh gf) [;+) emNnL] ofnL
f] . emfhemfem gf) [;+) hh{] != l3pt]ndf ksfPsf f]6Lx lemSbf l3pt]n tsf{Og] Kjfn}K
] kGo" . @= tfO{ e]udf k|rlnt ;fgf] ofnL ePsf] tfn afhf . emf6\g ;) lqm) [k|f) em6 g
!= af]6af6 wfg, uxF cflb cGg lgsfNg k5fg{ jf r6g \  em6gL ug{ . @= 5fF:g xk
fg{ emkfg{ . #= ylst kfg{ nvtfg kfg{ . emf6 gf) [;+) emf6] d"q]lGb|osf jlklsf f
ysf f}F z:k . emf6e'm6 gf) [emfF6\ (l))] emfF6g \ j ] g]{ sfd 6s6Sofpg] k|lqmof . em
) [;+) emDk] s'bg \ ,] kmfn xfNg] jf pk|mg] sfd (h:tf] xfFkemfFk) . emfO gf) [c) d"
)] ttfPsf] t]nl3pdf ltx'g cf]OFbf jf emfge'mg kfbf{ lg:sg] zAb . e'mO gf) != t]n, l
3p cflbdf f]6L ksfpg] sfd tftf] l3pt]ndf lhDa', hLf, d]yL cflb k'mfP bfn, tsfL, crf
g] sfd emfge'mg . lqm) lj) @= tftf] l3pt]ndf tsfL cflb cf]OlFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . #= h
Dd} ;lsg] u] llQg] lsl;dn] . emfsemfs e'mse'ms lqm) lj) [emfse'ms (l))] afa emfse'm
fse'ms . emfse'ms lqm) lj) != s'g} sfds'f slxn]sfxLF dfq x'g] uL cfSsne'mSsn . @= cl
ncln gLb cfpg] uL p8\g] rfnn] . emf
gf) [;+) Wofg] != u'r'd'Rr k]sf nxf ;;fgf vxs
. @= emfFluPsf] af]6 ofDd k]sf] v jf la?jf . emf
ne'm
n lqm) lj) x]) emfFune'mFun . e
f) [yf)] yfhfltsf] ljjfxdf s]6fn] s]6Lsf cfdfafa'nfO{ lax]vr{sf lglDt lbg] gub .
emfl
g' c) lqm) [emf
Og'] x]) emfFlug' . emf6 gf) [;+)] != pHofnf] x'g]x'g] a]nfsf] uf9
cFWoff] . @= nxfxn] 9flsPsf] :yfg s'~h 5xfL . #= emf8L .

emNn'emNnf] lj) [;+) emNn] != af]nL jf afgLa]xf]fsf] 7]ufg gePsf] a]sDdf nDkm" . @= k
ltt Ro't . :qL) emNnL . em;s gf) [;+) hif0f] jfo'ljsfn] zLdf x'g] kL8f zL r:sg] j]b
sf] x'k . > em;Ss lqm) lj) != aLraLrdf t;{g] uL em:sg] rfn;Fu . @= em:sf] k:g] tlsfn]
r;Ss . em;
\u lqm) lj) [c) d") em;
\u] PsfPs dg em:sg] jf t;{g] u/L em;Ss em:; . > em;
g' c) lqm) s'g} 8/nfUbf] j:t' b]v]/ jf cflQg] s'/f ;'g]/ PSsfl; t;{g' eml:sg' . em
;
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") em;
\
] x]) em;
\u . > em;
\l
g' c) lqm) em;
\lug' . ] em:sg c)
!= sg} 8nfUbf] j:t b]v jf cflQg] sf ;g] PsfPs 8fpg jf t;{g em;\ xg . @= em:
:g xk k:g . > em:sfO gf) em:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . em:sfOg s) lqm) eml:sg
nfOg . em:sfpg k|]) lqm) eml:sg] kfg{ ckem{6;Fu t;f{pg . eml:sg c) lqm) != Psf
Ps 8fOg . @= tl;{g em:sg . em:sf] gf) [k|f) eml;c] != sg} 8nfUbf] k|;\uaf6 xg] q
f; r:sf] eo . @= emNsf] ;Demgf . emfs \ g c) lqm) [;+) Wofts g] ns] x]g{ lrofpg
6f9}af6 Ps emns x]g{ . emfs gf) [;+) em06] efn] d[u efn] hfof] . emfs gf) [emfFs]
] v jf To;}sf xfFuflaFuf . emfsL gf) [emfFsO{] != ljleGg ;hfj6, b[Zo, 36gf, nLnf cfl
b k|blz{t ulPsf dlGb, y, v6 cflb . @= cNk ;dosf] bz{g emfFSg] sfd x]fO . emfsf] gf)
Fscf]] != l;
emfFs . @= ;]vL 3dG8 t'h's . ~ emfg' { 6') ;]vL emfg'{ RofFv tf]8\g] u
:g' . emfqmL! lj) [emfFqmf]O{] != emfFqmf] lkmFh]sf] emfFqm] huN6] . gf) @= Ps h
\unL
flt . emfqmL@ gf) tGqdGqsf] k|of]u uL emfkm's ug]{ f]uLsf] pkrf ug]{ JolQm wfdL .
nf] gf) emfkm's ubf{ wfdLemfFqmLn] xftdf :ofpnf lnP 3'Dg], pk|mg] e"tk|]t, af]S;L c
flb emfg{ k|of]u ug]{ Ps hftsf] sfpnf] . ~ sf7 gf) ;fgf] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] v . emfqm
] lj) [emfFqmf]P] l5lnPsf s]z ePsf] emfFqmf] lkmFhs ] f] . emfqmf] gf) [emfFsf]] cf
sf] gsf]L jf gtnf;L lkmFhflPsf] s]zflz huN6f . emfu gf) x]) emf
. emfu8 gf) g]kfns
{ tfO{ k|bz ] df a;f]af; ug]{ Ps

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

emf6e'm6emfn emf6e'm6 lqm) lj) [emem] != l56f]5ltf] u] emk l56l56f] rfF8f]rfF

cflb t'?Gt r'Fl8g] sfd . #= l56f] avtd} sfd ;lsg] k|lqmof . > emf6e'm lqm) lj) ce
m l56f] emf6e'm6 x'g] uL . emf6f gf) [;+)] != hfO{sf 5fF6sf kft x'g], nxfdf km'Ng]
Ps k|sfsf] ;'uGwL ;]tf] km"n . @= kfgLcdnf, e'OFcdnf . emf8 gf) [;+) emf6] != lah'
nLaQLx aflng] z[
\ufsf nflu a}7ssf]7fdf e'mG8fOg] sfFrsf] e'mng aQLbfgL . @= ;;fgf af]
6la?jfsf ;d'bfo emf
. emf8f gf) [;+) If0f] s'kmtn] jf vfg]s'f ckr eP lg:sg] kftnf] lb
f kvfnf . ~ afGtfjfGt gf) w]} kN6 kftnf] lb;f jf kvfnf eOxg] f]u, x}hf 5]f}6L . emf
[emf8O{] ;fgf7"nf nxf j[Ifn] 9flsPsf] 7"nf] afSnf] jg 3gf h
\un . emf8' gf) [k|f)
8g] e'O{Fdf hd]sf, y'lkPsf sl;
\u, w"nf] cflb a9fg]{ xft] ;fwg s"rf] . a9f? gf) e'Od
F{ f y'lk|Psf sl;
\u, w"nf] cflb ofFSg] sfd emfg]{ a9fg]{ sfd a9fs'F9f . emfg\g
;+) em0fem0f g] l3pt]ndf d]yL, hLf, Hjfg cflb kmfP bfn, crf cflbdf rrfpg] uL xfNg
emg ug{ . > emflgg s) lqm) emfGg] sfd ulg . emfgemg gf) [emfg\ (l))] crf, tsfL
b emfGg] sfd emfOFemOF . emfkemk lqm) lj) [k|f) emlDkc] != lahnL, cfuf], aQL cf
lb ;a}lt Ps}aflh lgEg] jf lgefpg] uL . @= sg} j:tnfO{ xtfdf 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] u] . #=
sg} sfd, d]nf] cflb em6k6 l;4fpg] lsl;dn] . emfk6emfk8 gf) [;+) rk]6] != ufnf cfl
bdf xTs]nfn] hf]l;t lk6\g] sfd na6fsf] xgfO r8\sg rKk8 . @= a];L xKsfOg] sfd emF6fO
L . emfkg gf) [;+) emDkg ] != 8f]nL, plnGsf7 cflb ;jfL;fwgdfly cf]9fOg] jf 5f]lkg]
d\undo ftf] sk8f 8fnf] 5f]Kg] \uLg Rofb . @= rf}lt l;kL e]sf] uFbaf6 ag]sf] 9lso
kf gf) g]kfnsf] k"jf{~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ d]rL c~rnsf] tfO{ efudf l:yt Ps lhNnf .
> emfkfnL lj) emfkf;DaGwL emfkfdf a:g] emfkfsf] lgjf;L . emfk gf) [ emKk"] != na6fn
] lxsf{pg] jf lk6\g] sfd emfk6 emfk8 emKk" . @= leQf] kofP jf dv ylgg] uL eGg] sfd
. emfkf] gf) tnfaf6 tf}lnPsf] j:t fVg] efF8f] vfFrL . emfk|L gf) ;fgf];fgf] 9lsof P
s k|sfsf] af:s]6 .
490

emfAnf gf) [emanf] unfdf OFhf3 xfn] tgf afFWg] Ps lsl;dsf] syf{ . emfds gf) [;+) em
ds] efdf Hofbf fk eP 89]sf] OF6 OF6sf] sL6 . emfdemd lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) emd\ c]
sg} klg sfd w]} hgf ldn] l56f] l;Wofpg] u/L . @= yf]/} vfB j:t w]/} hgf ldn]/ vf
O;Sg] lx;fan] . #= emfkemk . > emfdemDd lqm) lj) != rf}ltaf6 PSsfl; 5f]Kg] jf 5f]
lkg] uL . @= cFWoff] xg] lsl;dn] . #= Pp6} sfddf w]} dfG5] emlDdg] uL . emfD6f gf)
[emfD6f]sf] lt) )] x]) emfD6f] . ~ emfD6L gf) ;fgf7"nf emfD6fxsf] yk|f] jf ;d"x .
emflD6g c) lqm) [emfD6f] O g] != emfD6f] xg emfD6femfD6L aGg . @= ufFlhg emfFlug
. emfD6f]! gf) [;+) em06] != f}F, wfuf] cflbsf] uhN6f] . @= ;KnfPsf ;fukft cfl
bsf] af]6 . #= rf}lt xfFuflaFuf km}lnPsf] af]6la?jf emfFu emf . emfD6f]@ gf) [ ofD6
D6f] ofnL . emf\g ;) lqm) [emf\ g] != cUnf] 7fpFaf6 tnlt kofpg v;fNg cf]fNg
t jf af]S;L cflb x6fpgsf nflu dGq k9] kmskmfs ug{ emfkms ug{ . emf gf) [k|f) emf8
] != k|foM afnLgfnL;Fu} pd|] To;sf] j[l4df gf]S;fg kofpg] 3fF; . @= t[0f 3fF; . em
fem gf) [emf\ (l))] != sk8fnfO{ xftn] em6\sf] w"nf]d}nf] emfg]{ sfd 6s6SofO . @= k
n, cgfh cflb k|foM k"} v;fNg] jf lgsfNg] sfd . #= s;}l;t ePesf] ?lkofFk};f cflb xf
t nufpg] sfd . emfkft gf) [emf kft] vaf6 v;]sf kft eO{Fdf pd|]sf emfsf] ;d"x 3fF;k
ft . emfkf]y gf) [emf k5] != w"nf], sl;\u cflb emfg]{ldNsfpg] sfd emfem . @= ePe
sfd kf5k5 . emfkms gf) [emf kms\] sg} /f]u jf e"tk|t ] x6fpg] dGq k9L sz, s"rf],
v/fgL, hn cflbn] la/fdLsf] z/L/nfO{ 5Fb} kms]/ pkrf/ ug]{ sfd To:tf] cGwk/Dk/f
ut k4lt emfO / kmsfO kmfskms . > emf/kms] lj) emf/kms ug]{ kmfskms] . emfa6L g
[emf a6L] a6Lsf lglDt k|of]u xg] emf j}bf\u ljlwcg;f ulg] cf]vtLd"nf] . emfdf}f
mf) hx df]xf] ;k{, laR5L cflbn] 6f]s] zLdf lkmFlhPsf] ljif lvRg] jf dfg]{ xlof] sf]
Ty . emfn gf) hfof]sf 5fF6sf] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] d[u

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

491

emfflems\g Pscsf{df vlK6gsf lglDt vf]N;f]vf]N;f] k]sf], 5fgf 5fOg], kftnf] ;fwg . ~
3 gf) lemFu6Ln] 5fOPsf] 3 . ~ 3] lj) lemFu6L3df a:g] . lemu6f] gf) [;+) hL0f{s] em
t'n] 3fF;kft vfP em]sf] l;6f]ld6f] . lemugLlemufg' gf) [;+) lem
\lugL] nfDrf kft, ;]t
;fgf km"n xlof ;;fgf kmn x'g] Ps j[If lemFufg' . ~ tf]lof gf) l3f}Fnfh:tf] t kf6fk
sf] tf]lofF kf6]tf]lofF . lemuN6f] gf) [ lemFu6f]] uxt, e6df;, abfd cflbsf] huN6f le
f] . lemufpf] gf) [lemFuf]cfpf]] l3f}n F fsf] hfnLh:tf], nfDrf] u'F8 nufP a:g] dfx'
ftsf] ljiffn' sLf] . lemu ] lj) [lemFuf]P] != lemFuf ePsf] jf a;]sf] uGbf . @= lemFuf
h:tf] lemFufsf] . ~ bfp gf) k};f yfk] v]n v]Nbf h;sf] k};fdf lemFuf a:5 jf lemFufn]
5'G5 p;}sf] lht x'g] Ps v]n . ~ af?nf] gf) lemFufh:tf] Ps hftsf] af?nf] . ~ df5f
] gf) uFu6fsf h:tf b'O6f xft, xf7j6f v'f kfbzL{ sTnf x'g], Ps hftsf] ;fgf] df5f] .
lemuf] gf) [k|f) lemlNnlcf] k|foM kmf]xf]af6 pAhg], 5 v'f b'O6f kv]6f ePsf] Ps hftsf
p8\g] sLf] dfvf] dlIfsf . lemFufsf] ;fkn] l8Fuf db}{g (pvfg) . lemhf gf) [lemFhf]sf]
lt) )] x]) lemFhf] . lemhL gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} lemFhfsf] ;d"x . ldhf gf) dl;gf 5]:s]
kftklt
\u . lemlhg c) lqm) [lemFhf] g] lemFhf] dfGg x]) lemlhg klg . lemhf]!
] ;fgf]ltgf] 5]:sf] lemqmf] . lemhf]@ gf) x]) lemhf] (emsf]{, emGem6) . lemhf]n \ g
f) x]) lemhf]Ng . > lemhf]nfO gf) lemhf]nfO . lemhf]nfOg' s) lqm) lemhf]nfOg' . lemh
f]nfpg' k|) ] lqm) lemhf]nfpg' . lemhf]lng' s) lqm) lemhf]lng' . lemHofO gf) [ lemlh
O)] != lemFlhg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof lemFHofx6 . [lemFHofpcfO] @= lemFHofpg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lemHofOg' s) lqm) lemFhf] nfOg' . lemHofpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm
) != emGem6sf] sfd nfpg' lemFhf] nfpg' . @= ;tfpg' lkf]Ng' . #= lbSs ufpg' . lemHofx6
gf) lemFlhg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmof lemFHofO . lems\g ;) lqm) != fv]sf] jf x]sf] 7fpFaf
6 lgsfNg pefpg lng . @= ptfg{ lgsf:g . #= hflu jf sg} sfdaf6 vf]h ug{ lgsfNg
$= s6fpg 36fpg . > lemsfO gf) lemSg] jf lemsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . lemsfOg s) lqm)
!= NofOg . @= k}7fL ulg . lemsfpg ;) lqm) != 6f9fsf 7fpFaf6 dfndQf Nofpg k}7fL u
g{ . @=

xl0fljz]if . emff! gf) ulGhkmfsf v]ndf sf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] clGtd rSsL gfvL lhTg] jf vfg
hlt hDd} rSsL Ps} aflh nfd nufO{ v]lng] bfpljz]if . emff@ gf) != ;sf, hldgbf jf latf{
jfnn] ;sfL jf ;fj{hlgs sfddf ;fwf0f hgtfaf6 lng] kfl>ldsljgfsf] sfd jf ;xof]u . @= d
g gnufO{gnufO{ ulg] sfd sansf] sfd . sf] v]tfnf] gf) sfdrnfpsf kdf dfq cfPsf] dflg;
n;Dd 6fg]{ dfG5] . ~ v]tfnf gf) HofnfdhLljgf { 6) dg jf ;f] lnP sfd ug{ cfpg] sfd
bf . ~ 6fg nufO{sg sfd ug{ sann] sfd ug{ . ~ ltf lj) emffsf] sfd ug]{ emffnL .
nufO{gnufO{ sfd ug]{ csf{sf] s jf afWotfn] dfq sfd ug]{ . ~ ltfO gf) dg gkLgkL ulg]
6f6 ug]{ vfnsf] sfdsf] . ~ ltg { 6) dg gkLgkL sfd ug{ sann] sfd ug{ . ~ kmf}h
fl>lds jf Hofnfljgf uxfsf] nflu hDdf u]sf] kmf}h . > emffnL gf) emffsf] sfd ug{sf nf
u cfPsf] JolQm uxf] v]tfnf] a]7a]ufL . emflg s) lqm) [emf\ O g] emfg]{ sfd ulg
emfL gf) [;+) emL] 7"nf] k]6, ;fgf] 3fF6L kms]sf] dv ePsf] k]6af6 66L lg:s]sf] nf
Drf] vfnsf] hnkfq . emfLvG8] gf) [emf vG8]emfv08 (:yfgljz]if)] != emfkftsf] cf]vtL ag
vjfpg] kmfskms ug]{ dflg; ufpF3sf] ;fwf0f pkrfs . @= hf]uLsf e]ifsf] lasfd] dfG5]
. emff] gf) [ rf] 8G8Llaofsf] v]ndf k|oQm xg] rfsf] u0fgf jf ;\Vof . emfnf{\u] l
sg} klg sfd emff 6fg]{ lsl;dn] ug]{ \u9\u gePsf] . gf) @= To:tf] dflg; . emfn gf) [
+) hfn] nxfxsf] emf Ps csf{df h]lnPsf nxfsf] ;d"x . emfn! gf) [yf)] k|foM tfO{jf;L
uf]8fdf nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . emfn@ gf) [;+) emNn] zf]ef jf ;f}Gbo{sf nflu em"n,
kbf{ cflb sk8fdf kmsf{ lgsfn] nufOg] 3]f] emNn . emfn] lj) [;+) emlNnsf] 6f6]kf6] 6
6]kf\u|] \uLla\uL . dfn] gf) ftf], ;]tf], sfnf] cflb w]} ePsf] l5la] (ufO{
) [emf] ;s]sf emfkftsf] yk|f] emf;em; . em; gf) != emfkftsf] ;d"x cfuf] aflng]
]sf kftklt\u . lqm) lj) @= tTsfn} aNg] uL t?Gt} l;l4g] lsl;dn] . lemu6L gf) [g]jf)]
F6h:t} kf]lnPsf], nDafOsf] b'j} 5]pdf

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

lemqmflemqmLlemlk s;}nfO{ dflg;, lr7L, tf cflbff 8fSg' jf af]nfpg' . k|]) lqm) #= lem
Sg nfpg' dufpg' . lemlsg' s) lqm) fv]sf] 7fpFaf6 lnOg' . lems'jf lj) lemlsPsf] jf vf
]l;Psf] vflh ulPsf] . lemqmflemqmL gf) [lemqmf]lemqmf]] ;fgf7"nf lemqmfxsf] ;d"x . le
qm]Onf] lj) [lemqmf]POnf]] lemqmflemqmL ePsf] lemqmf]h:tf] . lemqmf] gf) [;+) hL0f{s
] ;;fgf xfFuflaFuf;lxtsf] 7"nf] xfFuf] nx] tsfL kmnfpgfsf nflu sf6] NofOPsf] xfFuf] j
f af]6 yfFqmf] lemFhf] . lem
6L gf) x]) lemFu6L . lem
gL gf) x]) lemFugL . ~ tf]lof
FugLtf]lofF . lem
N6f] gf) x]) lemFuN6f] . lem
fpf] gf) x]) lemFufpf] . lemlhg' c) lq
emhf]Og'] lemhf] dfGg' dg gk]sf] sfd ug{ emsf]{ dfGg' ems{g' . lemhf] gf) != s'g} kmf
bf klg gx'g] dg klg gkg]{ sfds'f] emGem6sf] sfd emf]h emsf]{ . @= ;tfpg] sfd srsr .
emhf]n\g ;) lqm) [lemhf]nf] g] != s;}nfO{ grflxFbf] sfdsfdf emsf]{ nfUg] uL ;tfpg
|foM s]6fs]6Ln] cfdfnfO{ lemhf] nfUg] kfg{ . @= afDaf xNnfpg 3r3Rofpg . > lemhf]
nfO gf) lemhf]Ng] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . lemhf]nfOg s) lqm) lemhf]Ng nfOg . lemh
f]nfpg k|) ] lqm) lemhf]Ng nfpg lemhf]nfOdf kfg{ . lemhf]lng s) lqm) != lemhf]N
g] sfd ulg ;tfOg . @= xNnfOg . lemhf]nf] gf) [lemhf] nf]] grflxFbf] sfdsfdf klg em
sf]{ nfUg] u] ;tfpg] sfd lemhf] . lemHofO gf) [ lemlh ( cfO)] lemlhg] efj, lqmof jf k|
qmof . [ > ] lemHofOg s) lqm) lemhf] nfOg ;tfOg . lemHofpg k|]) lqm) lemhf] nfp
g lkf]Ng lbSs kfg{ . lemlemof gfr gf) [yf)] yfhfltdf k|rlnt k|foM b;}Ftfs gflrg] P
s nf]sg[To . (o; gfrdf a]nsLkv sGofs]6Lsf ;;fgf ;d"x leq aQL an]sf] df6fsf] eF
8\sf] 6fpsf]df af]sL ;8s;8sdf ufpFb} gfRb} lxF8\5g\) . lem6L gf) sxLF n}hfg tof ulP
sf] dfn;fdfg dfndQf . ~ emfD6LemfD6f] gf) u[x:yLsf ;;fdfg dfndQf emlem6L . ld6L g
t ;a} lem6L dfn;fdfg . lemf gf) Gofpn] v]ndf ufOg] Ps yL nf]suLt . lemL lj) bAnf] k
f] ;nLv] jf ;OFv] . lemgf emfs lj) [emLgf]emfFs] ;fgfltgf k|foM n]vf] jf jf:tf
lemg'jf gf) != ;]tf 9asf kft x'g], v}f]
ldl;Psf] 8Nnf]8Nnf] Ps hftsf] wfg . @= ;f]
xL wfgsf] rfdn . lemgf] lj) [k|f) emL0ff]] != ck]Iffs[t sd df]6fO ePsf]
492

dl;gf] IfL0f . @= b'Anf] kftnf] . lemlGgg c) lqm) [emLgf] O g] qmdzM bAnf]kftnf] xF
} hfg bAnfpg . lemd gf) [lrd] != k]nf lemDSofpGh]nsf] cNk ;do lgd]if If0f . lqm) l
j) @= k]nf lemldSs kf] cfFvf lemDSofpFbd } f. lemdlemd lqm) lj) [lemd (l))] afDaf k
mDSofOxg] uL lrdlrd . > lemdlemd] lj) != lrdlrd ulxg] (cfFvf, k]nfk]nL) . @= lemdl
;{xg] l;dl;d] (kfgL) . lemldSs lqm) lj) [c) d") lemlds\ s] != cfFvf lrDng] uL k]nf hf
lgbfpg] lx;fan] . @= emSofpg] uL yfx} glbP . lemDs] lj) [lemDsf] P] != ;w}F k]nf lemD
ofOxg] lemdlemd ug]{ . @= cfFvf ;GsfP O;ff ug]{ . lemDsf] gf) [c) d") lemd sf]] cfFvf
emDd kfg]{ sfd k]nf lemDSofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > lemDSofO gf) lemDSofpg] ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lemDSofOg s) lqm) kns dflg O;ff ulg . lemDSofpg ;) lqm) !=
fFvf lemdlemd kfg{ lemDsf] nfpg . @= cfFvfn] O;ff ug{ kmsfpg . lemDd lqm) lj) [c
) d") lemd\ d] k]nf hf]8\g] uL cfFvf aGb u] . lemDd lqm) lj) km]lkm]l lemDd xg]
lrdlrd . lemld|g c) lqm) [lemd|] O g] != h:jnf xg k ;g{ g5g] xg kfvf nfUg .
 rfplg . lemld|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lemld|s \ s] != emld|g] jf cf]Onfpg] uL nf];] r
nn] . @= :jfQ} VjfQ} . lemd| ] lj) != h:jnf ePsL g5g] ePsL k ;]sL . gf) @= h:jnf g
lemd|g ] L lj) k]6 af]s]sL ule{0fL . lemlD;\ lqm) lj) [c) d") lemlD;\ ] cs:dft\ b]v
{ uL hdn \ . lem gf) != xSsfsf] ;d? ] df s; hDg] efu vf]Ng], a6flPsf], kftnf]
kmnfd] ;Of] kmnfdsf] ;fgf] 8G8L . @= sfFrf] df; pg] cfufdf ttfpg] jf 3fddf ;sfp
g] ;Of] . ~ sf7 gf) ;nfO{ agfpg] sf7 ;nfO{ . sf] df; gf) != ;fx|} ;Gtfk rsf]{ kL
= Joy{sf] emGem6 . ~ lrD6f gf) != kmnfd] lrD6f . @= hf] ePsf] ;a} l;LvL . lemnf] gf)
[emL nf]] PsfPs cfOkg]{ emf]h lemhf] lknf] . lemlSs lqm) lj) [c) d") lemls\ s] eml
sf lemFhf jf 3F;]6f cflb efFlrg] uL PSsfl; . lemlk lqm) lj) [c) d") lemlk\ c] != Ps} r
]l6 5f]Kg] uL . @= l;4fpg] lx;fan] r6\ . > lemlKk lqm) lj) sfd kmQ] xg] uL :jf .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

493

lem/]ems\g emNsg] uL an] . ~ lemNn lqm) lj) aLraLrdf f]lsO{ rDsg] lx;fan] . lemlNn
f) [;+)] != ofpFsLL . @= em\sf . #= k|sfz rds bLlKt . $= ofnL ofD6f . lemlNndemsL{
sf] rdfg[Todf k|of]u ulg] wgsf cfsfsf] Ps yL tfnafhf . lemNnL gf) [;+)] != 5fnfdfly
]sf] kftnf] tx cQ5fnf . @= To:t} kftnf] sg} kq . #= ;"o{sf] ls0f t]h . $= ofpFsLL .
= ofD6f ofnL . ^= ukm xfFSg] sfd kmf];|f] sfufO (h:tf] lemNnL p8fpg) . lemlN;bf]
emlN;OFbf]] ugfpg] vfnsf] 8sf cfpg] lemN:ofOFbf] . lemlN;g c) lqm) [lemN;f] O g] u]8
8L cGg e6\bf jf f]6L ksfpFbf leq k|foM sfFr} xL aflx dfq 89\g lklN;g . > lemN:ofOb
f] lj) != clncln 89]sf] lklN;Psf] . @= k"f gkr] s f] . lemN:ofO gf) lemlN;g] jf lemN
:ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . lemN:ofOg' s) lqm) lemlN;g] kflg' lkN:ofOg' . lemN:ofpg' k|])
lqm) cfFt gkfSg] uL aflx dfq 89fP cgfh e'6g \ ' jf f]6L ksfpg' lkN:ofpg' . lemN:ofx6
f) lemlN;g] efj, cj:yf jf lqmof lemN:ofO . lem;ld; gf) [;+) lTj;|ldif] laxfgLkv cl
ncln pHofnf] x'g nfu]sf] ;do piffsfn ldld . > lem;ld;] lj) != clncln pHofnf] ePsf] wl
nf] k|sfz ePsf] . gf) @= clncln pHofnf] ePsf] ;do ldld] ldld] . leml;nf] lj) [lemlN;
] lemlN;Fbf] lemN:ofOFbf] . emL gf) [af) af])] 3fpvl6f 3fp rf]6 . emLgf emfs lj) x]
gf emfFs/ . emLgf] lj) x]) lemgf] . emL gf) x]) lem/ . emL] lj) x]) lem/] . emLn gf)
]) lem/ . e'mu L gf) [e'm
O{] lxF8\bflxF8\b} 6f]nfP af6f] lafpg] rfn jf cndlng] cj:yf
|flGt . e'mh gf) [ emf]Fh] != emu8f ]if snx . @= emf]h . [ > ] e'mH ofxf lj) grf
] emGem6 nfpg] emf]8L emu8fn' . e'm8L lj) em8
\uL :jefjsf] l;fxf em8
\uL emf]8L . e
qm) != dfGo hgsf] cufl8 lz lgxfpg gd| xg lgxg . @= sg} ckfwdf s]sf ubf{ ;fla
 . #= vla?jf, kmnkm"n cflbsf] efn] lgxg . $= slk|g af\lug . > emsfO gf) emSg]
jf emsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . emsfOg s) lqm) emSg nfOg . emsfp gf) != lgxg] jf e
mSg] sfd ljgo . @= PstkmL{ 9NsfO kIfkft . #= rfv ?lr . $= nufp k|j[lQ . emsfpg k|)
] lqm) !=

lem] lj) [emL P] emLh:tf] emLsf 5fF6sf] . ~ nxf] gf) emLh:t} a6flPsf] nxf xg] c
;f lkQzdg ug]{ Ps nxf] . lemsf] { gf) [ lemNsf]] pHofnfsf] ;;fgf] lemNsf] l5gl5gsf] r
ds . lemg{lemgf]{ lj) [;+) hL0f{] != yf]qf] jf kfgf] kmf6]sf] hL0f{ . @= lrGtfn] un
]sf] bAnf] l;L . lemn gf) [;+) IfL] kfgL hDg] k|fs[lts 7"nf] kf]vL tfn bx . lemn\
lvpgL jf o:t} f]6L kfg]{ kmnfd] ;fFrf] . lemnlemn lqm) lj) [c) d") lemn\ c (l))] sg}
j:t emNsg] jf ;;fgf s0f rDsFbf cfFvf ltldfpg] uL lemlnslemlns . lemnldn lqm) lj) [c
) d") lemn\ c (l))] != cfFvf ltldfpg] lx;fan] l5gl5gdf rDsg] uL . gf) @= \lug k|sfzs
]xcjf]x cfFvf ltldfpg] t]lhnf] lemNsf] . lemlns gf) [;+) lemlNnsf] PsfPs rDsg] lsl;d
x;f rlDsg] rfn . ~ lemlns lqm) lj) l5gl5gdf rDsg] k|sfn] . ldlns lqm) lj) afaf rlDs
uL l5gl5gdf 6Nsg] lx;fan] . > lemlnSs lqm) lj) != rlDsnf s0f jf j:t l5ge b]lvP ckem
6 rds lg:sg] lx;fan] . @= lahnL, cfuf], aQL cflb PsfPs aNg] uL . #= sg} JolQm j
f j:t PSsfl; b]vf kg]{ rfnn] . lemln\uf] gf) [lemn\ O\uf]] an]sf] cfufsf] lkmln\uf] w
s]sf] sf]Onf] . lemlnldnL lqm) lj) [lemNn O{ ldn\ O{] != aQL jf \uLr\uL j:tff emNsg]
g] lx;fan] emndNn emlsemsfp . gf) @= lahnLsf] b[ZofjnLn] fd|f] agfOPsf] pT;j jf td
f;f dfOnf] jftfj0f fdldtf . ~ lemNnf gf) != b]p;L v]Nbf efpg]n] eGg] zAb . @= rf}
Hofnf] . ~ ofO gf) dfOnf] jftfj0f fdldtf . lemlnoflemn}of gf) emfFemaf6 n]bf]
f ;'sfO{ kl5 l3pt]ndf k'mfpg ldNg] uL agfOPsf] vfB j:t' lemlgofF . lemNsf gf) [;+) l
emNnL] cfufsf] ;fgf] s0f ;fgf] clUgs0f . lemNs] lj) [lemNsf]P] != lemNsf] ePsf] rdsb
f . @= 7fFl6nf] u'G8f] :jefjsf] . #= cfFvf 3'dfP s'f ug]{ . gf) $= nf]suLtdf k|]ldsf
n] k|]dLnfO{ eGg] Ps zAb . ldNs] lj) lemlnsldlns ePsf] 7fFl6nf] gSsn] . lemNsf] gf)
[;+) lemlNnsf] cfufsf] an]sf] ;fgf] lkmln
\uf] . lemN6'
lj) != Hofb} b'Anf]kftnf] l;
v|f] . gf) @= jfUdtL c~rncGtu{t g'jfsf]6 lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps ufpF . lemNn lqm) lj) [c
) d") lemn\n] l5ge rDsg] lx;fan]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh 'Ja_Jha'.p65

e'msfje'msfj6e'mlKkg emSg nfpg lgxfpg 9Nsfpg . ;) lqm) @= ;]vL emfg{ 3dG8 tf]
 . emsfg gf) != emSg] jf gd| xg] sfd emsfp . @= tkmbfL kIf . emsfjemsfj6 gf)
ms\ cfjcfj6] sg} JolSt jf j:tk|ltsf] cle?lr emSg] sfd jf cj:yf emsfp . emSsn gf)
[ ems\] emlSsg] rfn emSSofg e|d . emfSsn gf) c;fjwfgL e|d emSSofgdf k] ulPs
emlSsg c) lqm) [k|f) emlSsc O g] != ;Demg] k|lqmofdf e|d kg{ jf km]abn xg wldnf]
fef; cfpg . @= emSSofgdf kg{ 5lsg 5lng e"n kg{ . emSsf] gf) klZrd g]kfnsf] bf
rn { f lhNnflt k|rlnt Ps nf]sg[To . emSSofO gf) [ emlSs ( ofO)] emlSsg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emSSofOg s) lqm) emlSsg] kflg 5sfOg . emSSofpg k|) ] lqm
) != 5sfpg 5ndf kfg{ . ;) lqm) @= 5Ng . emSSofg gf) emlSsg] efj, cj:yf jf k|l
qmof e"n . emSSofx6 gf) != oxL xf] egL 7Dofpg g;lsg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . @= em
lSsg] k|j[lQ e"n emSSofg . em gf) [ emd] emKkemKk cfpg] gLb gLbsf] emnfO . em6
[k|f) em] != tYoxLg ldYof c;To em"6f] . gf) @= em"6f] sf jf Jojxf c;Totf . d6
em"6f] c;To ldYof . lqm) lj) @= lagfsf0f Joy{ lagl;lQ . em6f] lj) [k|f) em] != c;
fFrf] gePsf] . @= sfggljf]wL lst]{ (;at, k|df0f cflb) . #= gldNg] jf xb F } geP
sf] (bfaL, aofg, ;dfrf, ;"rgf cflb) . em lqm) lj) [c) d") em6\ 6] PsfPs PSsfl; crfgs
m (k|foM csf]{ zAbl;t hf]l8P k|oS  t xg,] h:t} emf6em, emlem) . emfemf] lj)
!= c;To em"6f] ljgfcfwfsf] gePsf] . @= c;To ldYof . ~ cff]k gf) gePgu]sf sfsf]
cleof]u nufpg] sfd . ~ k|df0f gf) lgodlj?4sf] k|df0f lst]{ ;at . em8\s];f] gf) [e
mQs P;f]] != grflxFbf] skfnsf] uR5f] . @= aflaof], 8f]L, ;g cflbsf] uhN6f] (x]o
fy{df)+ . emt gf) [emQf]] ;d"x yk|f] hdft . emlQg c) lqm) [emQf] O g] != ds}sf
uf jf cGgsf 8fF7 cflb ufF7f] kg{ emQf] kg{ emQf nfUg . @= e]nf xg hDdf xg e
mlDdg . #= xfFuflaFuf nRsg] uL k|z:t kmn kmNg . emQL gf) [emQf] O{] != s;}k|lt
cfslif{t eP jf s]xL kfpg] cfzfn] afa wfpg] sfd rfs8Ldf a6lnPsf] ;d"x hd36 a6nf] . @
ufFh . emQ] lj) [emQf] P] != emqf] jf kfgf] ePsf] . gf) @= Ps
494

hftsf] wfg . emQf] gf) [;+) o"y] != ;dfg hftsf j:tsf] ;d"x ykf | ] emKkf] uR5f]
. @= kf]t], dl0f, duf cflbsf w]} nsf] ;d"x jf yk|f] . #= hQf k5\g] vfnsf] yf
]qf] 6fnf] . emofO gf) [ emlQ ( ofO)] emlQg] jf emofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] emof
g s) lqm) emQf] nufOg . emofpg k|]) lqm) emQf] nufpg emQf] kfg{ . emlqg c)
lqm) [emqf] O g] emqf] xg yf]lqg kmf6\g . emq] lj) [emqf] P] != emqf] nufpg]
] . gf) @= s]xL gePsf] lgw{g khLjL . ~ cfk gf) u'bLdf e'mqf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] cfFk .
d| ] lj) e'mqf] n'uf nufpg] yf
\g] . e'mqf] lj) [k|f) hHh] != lrNyf] lry|f] yf]qf] h
. gf) @= yf]qf] jf kmf6]sf] sk8f lry|f] j:t' . d'qf] lj) kmf6]sf] k'fgf] hL0f{zL0f{
(sk8f cflb) . e'mofO gf) [ e'mlq (ofO)] e'mlqg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] e'mofOg' s)
qm) e'mqf] kflg' . e'mofpg' k|]) lqm) e'mqf] kfg'{ km6fpg' yf]ofpg' . e'mG8 gf) [;+)
m06] w]} JolQm jf j:t'sf] y'kf | ] hdft x"n ;d"x . e'mlG8g c) lqm) [k|f) emNn O g]
f]L jf l;qmLsf] edf eO{F g5g] uL cl8g plemG8f]df afFlwg n6\sg . @= emf]lng nRsg
. #= unfdf 8f]Lsf] kf;f] nfP dg{ . $= cfzfdf s] a:g . %= sg} sfd ck"f] eO{ afFsL
xg sg} sfo{ :ylut eOxg . > emG8fO gf) emlG8g] jf emG8fpg] cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lq
of . emG8fOg s) lqm) n6\sfOg c8fOg . emG8fpg k|) ] lqm) != emlG8g] kfg{ n6\s
 c8fpg . @= unfdf kf;f] nfP dfg{ . #= s;}nfO{ sg} cfzfdf cNemfP fVg . ;) lqm) $=
cf;}cf;df w]} ;do sfP fVg ca] ug{ ljnDa ug{ . emk8L gf) [k|f) emDk8f] v, :o
\jfnL cflbn] 5fOPsf] ;;fgf] sRrL 3 ;fgf] emk|f] 5fk|f] . emkSs lqm) lj) [ emkSs] !
= sfut, sk8f cflbn] 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] uL . @= PsfPs lgbfpg] rfnn] . emkNn] lj) [e
mKkf] pNn]] skfn, bfx|L gvf}s ] f] k|foM lry|f nuf nufPsf] emkNnf] ePsf] . emkN
nf] lj) [emKk pNnf]] != nfdfnfdf f}Fn] elPsf] bfx|L, skfnsf] fd|f] ;Def gug]{ . gf)
To:tf] dflg; . emKk lqm) lj) [c) d") emk\ k] w]} j:t jf JolQm Ps} 7fpFdf emlDdg]
uL urdRr . emKkf gf) [emKkf]sf] lt) )] x]) emKkf] . ~ emKkL gf) ;fgf7"nf emK
kfxsf] ;d"x . emlKkg c) lqm) [emKkf] O g] != kmnkm"n cflb emKkfemKkf eP kmNg n6
g nbfabL kmNg . @= dflg; jf kzx

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

495

emKkemn\g emDo|fOg s) lqm) emd|f] kflg . emDo|fpg k|) ] lqm) emd|f] kfg{
. em lj) [k|f) em0f] ljsfdsf] 2L gfd|f] e"m/ . emf gf) [k|f) em] != lhn]aL,
cflb ksfpFbf kL7f] rlxP ag]sf dl;gf 6qmf6fqmL . @= sfd gnfUg] sfut cflbsf dl;g
f 6qmf . emfO gf) [ emfp ( cfO)] emfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emfOg c)
emfpg] xf]Og . emfpg c) lqm) [;+) hL0f{ cfp g] != kL8f jf tfkff hNg . @= ;Demg
ug{ . #= ?g . (pbf) GofpnL emfof]) . emf emL gf) [emf emL] ;fgfdl;gf emfx
mfdf gf) [emf df] != kmf6]sf jf RofltPsf sk8f, sfut cflbsf ;fgfltgf 6qmf6fqmL . @
;]n, f]6L cflb ksfpFbf em]sf ;;fgf 6qmf6fqmL . #= emfemL . emlg c) lqm) [emf
= 3fd jf cfufsf] fkn] Hofb} ;Sg vlg . @= xnsf :kz{n] klg km6\g] xg em?dem?d
uL rkfOg] xg . em?d gf) [c) d") em?d\ c] r"0f{ xg] sfd ;lsg] rfn . ~ em?d lqm)
lj) emlPsf] j:t rkfpFbf jf df8\bf cfjfh cfpg] uL emlg] lsl;dn] . em?d? lqm) lj)
[c) d") em\ p (l))] 3fd jf cfufsf] tfkn] v"a ;Sg] uL emlP . em?Dd lqm) lj) [c) d
m?d\ d] != Hofb} ;s] vlg] lx;fan] emlP . @= P]gf jf l;;fsf efF8f km6]em}F uL . em
) [k|f) e"m] != 3fd jf cfufn] Hofb} ;s]sf] vlPsf] . @= bAnf]kftnf] . df] gf) em
f] j:t emfdf . emsf{ emsL{ gf) [emsf] { emsf]] { ;fgf7"nf emsf{xsf] ;d"x . e
sf] { gf) [;+) Hjnq] != 8f]L, bfDnf cflb af6]kl5 lg:s]sf] emf] TofGb|ftGb|L;lxtsf]
kmsf]{ . @= 6qmf6fqmL emf] . emdf{ gf) demf}nf cfsfsf] ofnL ofD6f afhf . emof
[ eml ( ofO)] != emlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [emofp cfO] @= emofpg] efj, lqmof j
|lqmof . [ > ] emofOg s) lqm) emlg] uL ;sfOg vofOg emofpg k|]) lqm) emlg]
pg vofpg . em{ lqm) lj) [c) d") em\ ] != Hofb} vlP emlg] uL em?Dd . @= vf]
lbdf cfuf] nfUbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . emn\g c) lqm) [k|f) emNn g] != a;], p7] jf emlG
P xNng . @= rfsLdf wfpg ln;f] nfUg . #= sfdljgf otfplt 3Dg nvfpg . $= lgb|fn] e
KkemKk xg p\g . %= ;flxTo, ;\uLt cflb snfsf] ;df nLg eP emDg .
[>]

Ps} 7fpFdf ylk|g rf}ltaf6 emlDdg jf hDdf xg . emKk gf) rf}FLsf] vRr8 . emKk]
lj) [emKkf] P] emKkf ePsf] emKkf xg] . emKkf] gf) [emKk cf]] km"n, d~hL cflbsf] u
R5f] n6Dd kmn]sf] kmnsf] emQf] . > emKKofO gf) emKkf] nfUg] jf emlKkg] lqmofk|
lqmof . emKKofOg s) lqm) emKkfemKkf kflg . emKKofpg k|]) lqm) emKkfemKkf k
fg{ emofpg . ] emk|L] ;fgfltgf w]} emk|fsf] ;d"x . emk|femk|L gf) [emk|f emk
|L gf) [emk|f ] O{] ;fgf] emk|f] 5fk|L . ] P] != emk|fd ] f a:g] . @= uPuhs ]|
f] cj:yfsf] emk| ] lj) [emk|f lgw{g s\ufn . emk|f ] gf) [;+) Ifk] kfn] jf :ofpn]
g ePsf] ;fgf] 3 emk8L 5fk|f] . emd\g c) lqm) [emDd g] != gzfn kbfy{ nfu] n kg
Ng . @= ;flxTo, ;\uLt, g[To cflbsf ;df nLg xg . #= p\g . emd8f gf) [yf)] yfhfltd
f k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] nf]sg[To . emDsf gf) [emDsf]] != rFbj  f, emNnL, 5ftf cflbsf
rf}lt emG8fOg] \uLla\uL sk8fsf kmsf{ . @= gTy, l, anfsL cflbdf hl8Psf] ns{g .
g] lj) [emDsfsfg]] emDsf ePsf] . ~ hfaL gf) emDsf xfn] agfOPsf] hfnLbf emf]nf . e
mDsL gf) [;+) emDk] != xnfsLn] 6]s ] lxF8g \ ] efnf;lxtsf] emDs] nL . @= sfgdf nu
fOg] ;fgf] emKk] uxgf . emDs] lj) [emDsf] P] emDsf ePsf] . ~ kmnL gf) :qLhfltn]
gfsdf nfpg] k"mnL . ~ anfsL gf) emDsf ePsf] anfsL . emDsf] gf) [;+) emDk] em
lG8Psf ;;fgf j:txsf] ;d"x uR5f] . emDd lqm) lj) [;+) emDk] != dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jg
n] nlg] uL emDd . @= PsfPs gLbn] nfpg] jf 5f]Kg] lx;fan] . #= ylk|P uhd  H  h .
mlDdg c) lqm) != w]} dflg; Ps} 7fpFdf e]nf xg urd  R  r kg{ ykg |  emlQg
. @= eL8 nfUg Pslqt xg hDdf xg . emDDofO gf) emlDdg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . e
mDDofOg s) lqm) urd  R r kflg yKo|fOg . emDDofpg k|) ] lqm) emlDdg] kfg{
yKo|fpg . emld|g c) lqm) [emd|f] O g] emd|f]h:t} hL0f{ xg lgwf]{ aGg hD;f] x
g . emd|] lj) [emd|f ] P] emq] emq]emfd|] yf\g] . emfd| ] lj) != emq]emfd|] .
nf];] hD;f] . emd|f ] gf) [;+) w"d] != sk8fsf] ;fgf]ltgf] kfgf] 6qmf] emqf] sk8
f lryf] . lj) @= hD:ofxf hD;f] . emDo|fO gf) [ emld| ( ofO)] emld|g] lqmof jf k|l
mof .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

emnem]n emn gf) [k|f) emNn0f] != nfDv]af6 aRgfsf nflu la5f}gfdfly rf}lt 6fFlug],
fl:t rFbjf;d]t xfnL l;OPsf] vf]nh:tf] kbf{ . @= zf]efsf lglDt xfQLsf] lk7"d F f x
fnL tn;Dd nsf{Og] sk8f . bfgL gf) em"n xfNg] jf c8fpg] knsf 7f8ft];f{ 8fF8L em"n fVg
efF8f] . k6f gf) 3f]8fsf] sf7L 5f]Kg] af3sf 5fnf cflbsf] 5fbg . emngf gf) [k|f) e
mNn0f] != ;;fgf afnsnfO{ ;tfOg] sf]qmf] emf]n  u \ f] . @= eQmhgn] cfgf cffWo b]j
b]jLnfO{ emnfpg] l;+xf;g emNg] kn . #= lk . emnf gf) [d})] x]s jif{ >fj0f k|ltkbfb
]lv k"l0f{df;Dd ;Ltffd, fwfs[i0f cflbsf] dlGb jf d"lt{ ;hfP k"hf ulg] pT;j . emnfO g
) [ emn\ ( cfO)] != emNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [emnfp cfO] @= emnfpg] efj, lqm
of jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emnfOg s) lqm) != emNg nfOg . @= s;}nfO{ cfzfdf cNemfOg
 . emnfpg k|) ] lqm) != emngf xNnfpg lk v]nfpg . @= s;}nfO{ cfzf b]vfP afDaf wf
g] kfg{ . emlng c) lqm) != emNg] xf]Og n6\lsg . @= emnfO jf cNemfOdf kflg .
emnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") emns \ s] != Ps emNsf] b]lvg] uL emnSs . @= Ps emd6 dfq a
QL aNg] lx;fan] . #= To;L g} 3fd nfUg] uL . emnjf lj) [emn\ pjf] w]} emNg] :jefjsf
] emlnxg] . emn]! lj) [emfn]] 6f6]kf6] emfn]dfn] 6f6]kf\u]| (kz cflb) . emn]@ lj
emn\ P] emNg] :jefjsf] emlnxg] emDg] . ~ lk gf) emNg] lk emngf . emnf] gf) [
= rsds bl;{g9\uf] 3f]6\bf lg:s]sf] cfufsf] lemNsfnfO{ l6Kg] s]fsf ;Knfsf] ;s]sf
] ejf jf g]kfnL sfuh cflbsf] emf] . ~ rsds gf) cl3cl3 cfuf] kfg]{ ;fwg emnf] rsd
s (9u \ f]) . emNsg c) lqm) [emnSs g] != laxfg ldld] ePkl5 3fd nfUg ;"o{ pbfpg
@= PSsfl; b]vfkg{ emnSs b]lvg . > emNsfO gf) emNsg] jf emNsfpg] lqmofk|lqmo
f . emNsfOg s) lqm) emNsg nfOg . emNsfpg k|]) lqm) != cfuf] jf aQL afNg ;Nsf
pg emNSofpg . @= emNsg nfpg b]vf kg]{ ufpg . emlNsg c) lqm) emNsg . emNs]
lj) [emNsf] P] emNsg nfu]sf] ev{ emNs]sf] (3fd cflb) . (pbf) pm emNs] 3fddf 3af6 l
xF8]sf] lyof]) . emNsf] gf) [emnSs cf]] k[YjLdf 5lPsf] ;"o{sf] klxnf] k|sfz pbfpg]
a]nfsf] 3fd . emNSofO gf) [ emlNs ( ofO)] != emlNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [e
mNSofp cfO] @= emNSofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emNSofOg s) lqm) emlNsg
nfOg emNsfOg .
496

emNSofpg k|) ] lqm) != cfuf] jf aQL afNg ;Nsfpg emNsfpg . @= PsfPs dv b]vfpg
 emnSs b]vf kg{ . em; gf) [;+) tif] != wfg, ux,F hf} cflbsf 6Kkfdf xg] w
l:gPsf] dl;g sfF8fh:tf] j:t Ps k|sfsf] hsf . @= sfp5f], afF; sLfkm6f\u|fsf hLpdf
g] dl;gf sfF8f jf f}Fh:tf j:tsf] ;d"x . eml;g c) lqm) [em;L O g] sg} j:t efF8fs
f] la6;Dd elP dfly plS;g dfly;Dd rlng em;L xg . eml;nf]! lj) [ lemlN;nf]] w]}
P ckr jf chL0f{ xFbf dvaf6 gdL7f] uGw cfpg] (8sf) . eml;nf]@ lj) [em; Onf]] em;
ePsf] em;n] elPsf] ejfbf . eml;lNsf] gf) [eml;nf] lsf]] k|foM jiff{ zb\ Ctdf
hLpel em;}em; ePsf] Ps hftsf] nfDrf] sLf] . em;L gf) dfgf, kfyL jf c sg} efF8fsf
] la6eGbf dfl:t c6fP;Ddsf] efO cGgkft ebf{ la6eGbf dfly kfL eg]{ sfd cUnf] kfL elPsf
O . em;] lj) [em; P] em; ePsf] eml;nf] em:ofxf . ~ s]nf] gf) af]qmfdf gd em; x
tsfL vfOg] 5f]xf]fh:tf] cfsfsf] kmn . ~ ltn gf) kx]n F f] km"n kmNg] t]n k]lng], 6
kfdf em; xg] ltn . ~ af?nf] gf) != em;}em  ; xg] Ps hftsf] af?nf] . @= ef]e]
dflg; . em:ofO gf) [ eml; ( cfO)] != eml;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [em:ofp cfO] @= em
:ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] em:ofOg s) lqm) em;L kflg . em:ofpg k|]) lqm)
cGgkft ebf{ dfgf], kfyL jf efF8fsf la6eGbf dfly yk] rnL kfg{ prfNg em;L kfg{
. em:ofxf lj) [em; ofxf] w]} em; ePsf] eml;nf] em;] . em:; lqm) lj) [c) d") em;
] != 7f8f7f8f f}F pd|g] jf xg] uL em; b]lvg] lx;fan] . @= vftfkftf a9] bAnf] b]lvg]
rfn;Fu . em"6 lj) x]) em6 . d6 lj) x]) em6d6 . em"6f] lj) x]) em6f] . e"m lj)
]) em/ . em"n gf) x]) emn . em]pjf gf) [;+) emfjs] ault pd|g] ;fx|f] sf7 ePsf] Ps
hftsf] kf]y|f] . em]n \ g ;) lqm) [em]n g] != cfkt\ si6 k] klg cfOk]sf] cj:yf;Fu k
5 gx6\g cK7]f] ;d:ofnfO{ kf ug{ . @= bMv;Fu hLjglgjf{x ug{ . #= hfnem]n ug{ av]8
f ug{ lgxF vf]Hg . $= sg} sfd rfF8f] guL 6\UofOlbg cNemfpg . %= cndNofpg lkm;f
]Ng . em]n gf) [k|f) emdfn] gePsf] sf jf 36gfnfO{ em"6f] ts{ jf k|df0fff l;4 ug]{
sfd av]8f hfn . emfn gf)

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

497

em]ndemf]n  u \ ] emf]8\g c) lqm) snf] k}gLsf] emfh\un kmfF8] fd|f] agfpg (t

t) . emf]8 gf) [;+)] ;kfLsf] v . emf]8L lj) cn] eg]sf] gdfGg] l;fxf x7L . emf]k8L
) emk8L . emf] \ g ;) lqm) [emf]f g] != rf}ltaf6 3]] NofO{ Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf ug{
Sg jf psf:g . emf]! gf) [;+) em] rfdnsf] dl;g kL7f] b"wdf ksfO{ rfngLff nxf kf]
h:tf] agfO{ tof kflg] f]6L . emf]@ gf) [;+) Iff}/] h\unsf aLrsf] cf}nf] nfUg] vf]r hU
f . > emf]/f gf) != l;sf/ v]Nbf ul/g] h\unL hgfjsf] v]bf] . @= cf}nf] nfUg] h\un emf]
/ . #= gfrufg ahfgsf] ;fd"lxs k . emf]fO gf) [ emf]\ ( cfO)] emf]g]{ efj, lqmof jf k|
of . [ > ] emf]fOg s) lqm) Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf kflg . emf]fpg k|]) lqm) Pslqt kfg{ .
emf]fkf6f gf) [emf]] kf6f] ;sfaf6 kmF8fgL uL a:tL a;fNg :jLs[t h\un . emf]lg s) l
] emf]g]{ sfd ulg . emf]ofpg ;) lqm) [emf]f ofp g] la:tf} ufOPsf] uLtnfO{ l56f] ufP
g] l:yltdf Nofpg . emf]n gf) [;+) 3f]n] != ltxgtsfL, df; cflbsf] ; . @= kGofnf] j
:t sg} rLhdf ePsf] hnLo c+z tn kbfy{ . #= emf]lngL . emf]nf gf) sfFwdf leg{ jf xft
n] ;dfpg ldNg] uL plemG8f] nufOPsf] sk8f cflbsf] y}nf] . emf]lng c) lqm) [emf]n \ O g
] != ux|fF} eP tnlt nRsg glxg . @= emlG8g n6\lsg . emf]lngL gf) [emf]n OgL] !=
g gkbf{ jf emsf]{ nfUbf kfgLnfO{ x]nf uL elgg] zAb . @= dg gk]sf] jf dg gkbf]{ emL
. #= rflxFbf]eGbf a9\tf emf]n jf kfgL ePsf] tsfL . emf]lnnf] lj) [emf]n Onf]] emf]n e
Psf] l;nf] . emf]nL gf) [;+) emf]lns] != ;;fdfg fv] sfFwdf leL lxF8\g], plemG8f] ePs
;;fgf] emf]nf ;fgf] y}nf] . @= ;fw, hf]uLxn] leIff dfUg] sk8fsf] y}nf] . ~ tDaf g
f) lem6Lld6L hf]uLn] leg]{ emf]nL hnkfq . sf] b]ptf gf) hg;s} a]nf cfkm"n] rfx]s
f] h] lbP klg lng] JolQm (eflghnfO{ k|rlnt) . emf]n  u \ ] lj) [emf]n u \ f] P] !=
bOl{ t vDafsf lzdf c8\lsP nRsg] xNng] . @= emf]n u \ f]h:tf] emf]n\uf];DaGwL . ~
gf) kmnfdsf nf vDafsf edf tof ulPsf] kn . ~ ;f3 ' gf) vf]nfgfnf tlg] emf]n
'u \
;fF3' xNng] ;fF3' .

grflxFbf] av]8f k:kdf em]n ug]{ sfd . av]8f gf) hfnem]n . em]nd gf) [;+) emDkg] != n
fOFdf hfFbf of]4fn] klxg] kmnfd] jf lkQn] hfnLsf] n'uf . @= eftsf] kGhfa fHosf kfFr
k|dv ' gbLdWo] Ps . em]nfO gf) [ em]n\ (cfO)] b'Mv em]Ng] jf ;xg] lqmof k|lqmof . [
> ] em]nfOg s) lqm) em]Ng nfOg . em]nfpg k|]) lqm) bMv, si6 cflb ;xg nfpg .
em]nfxf lj) [em]n cfxf] em]n ug]{ av]8f lemSg] . \ O g] != em]n ulg av]8f lemlsg . e
]lng s) lqm) [em]n c) lqm) @= bMvsi6 cflb a]xf]lg . #= h]lng hf]lN6g . $= w]} em
em6 cfOkg{ nG7f nfUg . em]nL lj) [em]n O{] em]n ug]{ . em} gf) of]) p:t} t'No ;b[z
g (lng'em},F lbg'em},F 3em},F sndem}F O)) . em}emu8f gf) [(l)) emu8f] != grflxFbf]
egfj}L snx hfnem]n emu8ftu8f . @= d'2fdfldnf . em}emd]nf gf) [(l)) emd]nf] grflxFbf]
mGem6 cflb tfGtfsf] emd]nf ;fgfltgf s'fdf b]lvg] srdr . emf]s gf) x]) emf]s . emf]
f) x]) emf]h . emf]s gf) [;+) hf]if] != qmf]wsf] rsf]{ cfj]u s8f l; . @= emf]Ssf j]u
. #= sf]6, sldh cflb sk8f e'mG8fpg 6fFlug] ;fwg . > emf]sfemf]s gf) k:ksf] emf]s cfk
m';df emf]lsg] sfd . emf]lsg' c) lqm) != h
\lug' l;fpg' hfUg' . @= l;fP RofFlg' sf
]sL lj) l;fxf qmf]wL . emf]Ssf gf) [k|f) e'm~em] != xfjf, kfgL cflbsf] j]ul;t cfPsf]
cf3ft wSsf . @= s8f j]u . emf]SsL gf) k:kdf emf]lsg] sd emf]sfemf]s . emf]SofO gf)
mf]ls (ofO)] emf]lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emf]SofOg' s) lqm) emf]lsg] kf
lg' . emf]Sofpg' k|) ] lqm) emf]lsg] kfg'{ h
\Uofpg' . emf]qmfO gf) [ emf]lqm (cfO)]
]lqmg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] emf]qmfOg' s) lqm) emf]qmg nfOg' . emf]qmfpg' c
) lqm) lrGtf kf] lz lgx'fpg' emf]lqmg' 3f]lTng' . emf]lqmg c) lqm) [;+) hf]if0f g
g} lrGtf jf f]un] 6fpsf] lgxfP a:g . @= ljrf ug{ ;f]Rg 3f]lTng . #= lgGofpf] d
fpg ofplg . emf]h gf) [k|f) em~em] != sg} kmfObf gePsf] emsf]{nfUbf] sfd emDdf . @
grflxFbf] jf y]Ug ufx|f] kg]{ nG7f . > emf]lhnf] lj) emf]h ePsf] emf]h xg] . emf
]hL lj) emf]h a];fpg] (JolQm) .

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

emf]n  u \ f]ofKk emf]n  u \ f] gf) != nRsg] jf xNng] sg} j:t . @= s]6fs]6LnfO{ ;

tfO{ xNnfOg] afF;, ef\uf | ,] Knfl:6s cflbsf] nRsg] ;fwg sf]qmf] . emf]n] lj) [emf
]n P] emf]n ePsf] ;bf . emf]NofO gf) [ emf]ln ( ofO)] != emf]lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
]Nofp cfO] @= emf]Nofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] emf]NofOg s) lqm) emf]lng] kflg
. emf]Nofpg k|) ] lqm) nRsg] lsl;dn] vsn  f] kfg{ emf]lng] agfpg . emf]NofgL g
f) [emf]n ofgL] emf]n j:t emf]lngL . emf]; \ g ;) lqm) [k|f) IfHem g] != aNg] af?b,
aQL cflbdf cfuf] 5jfpg aQL ;Nsfpg . @= kf]n ug{ ph ug{ . #= emu8f, d2f cflb
nufpg km;fpg . > emf];fO gf) emf]:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . emf];fOg s) lqm) e
mf]:g nfOg . emf];fpg k|) ] lqm) emf]:g nfpg . emf];fxf lj) != csf{sf] uKtL sf
nfpg] jf ph ug]{ kf]nfxf . @= ;ss ] f v, kfn cflbdf cfuf], aQL cflb nufpg] ;Nsfpg]
. emf]l;g c) lqm) != jlklaf6 Pslqt xg emlDdg emlQg . @= kf]lng . #= 5f]Og .
emf}jf gf) [;+) xjiff] != dl;gf kft ;Nnfsf h:tf kmn xg], ;fgf7"nf bO{ hft ePs
f] Ps j[If To;}sf] kmn . lj) @= sfd gnfUg] a]jfFssf] . osfO gf) [ ofs\ (cfO)] of
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] osfO gf) oFsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . osfOg' s) lqm) ofF
Og' . osfpg' k|) ] lqm) ofFSg nfpg' . ofs \ g ;) lqm) [;+) emDkg g] != sg} JolQm
nfO{ xftn] ;dft] em6\sfg{ bafpg . @= ud|\ cFufnf] xfNg ufFHg . #= anhkmtL ug{ h
]hnd ug{ . $= wks8 ug{ ;dfTg . > oflsg' s) lqm) ofFSg] sfd ulg' . ofSg] lj)
cFufnf] xfNg] em6sfg]{ ufFHg] . gf) @= ufnLdf k|of]u ulg] zAb . ofuf drfO gf) != ksf
g] sfd lnOg] 7"nf] tfdfsf] tfpnf] . @= s8f gnfu]sf] l9F8f] cf]8fNg] jf vf]n] cfl
b ksfpg] efF8f] . ofkL gf) != lre]rf] . @= h
\undf kfOg] Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt . ofO gf
")] != afhfxsf] cfjfh afnaf]nLdf . @= ck"j{ 36gf cfsl:ds k|;
\u cK7]f] cj:yf . ~ s'6L
f) != s;}n] v'fdf s;}n] xftdf ;dftL e'mG8fP tf]lsPsf] 7fpF;Dd nlug] v]n . lqm) lj)
@= b'O{ hgfn] b'Ol{ t ;dftL prfn] n}hfg] uL . ~ ofO gf) != ofnL jf ofD6fsf] cfjfh .
]} afhfsf] ;fd"lxs zAb . #= afhf . lqm) lj) $= Ps};fy afhf aHg] u] Psgf; ofOF zAb;Fu
> ofOo lqm) lj) tft]sf] l3pt]ndf
498

tsfL cf]OlFbf jf kfgL kbf{ zAb lg:sg] uL jfOFo\o . ofp gf) [c) d")] xlof] sLfsf]
cfjfh . lsL gf) k|foM jiff{ Ct'df a]n'sLkv v, kf]y|f cflb w]} ePsf 7fpFdf ofpFofpF
pg], kv]6fjfn, xlof] sLf] lemNnL . ~ ofp gf) != emsf]{nfUbf] vNof
aNof
SofpFSofpF
) @= emsf]{ nfUg] uL vnan . ofp gf) [;+) ofa's] != cf]l;nf] jf lr;f] eP sf7, hldg cfl
df hDg] xlof] sfO{ n]p . @= sf7, 9'
\uf, kfgL cflbdf pd|g] nx] 3fF; . #= w"kLsf h:tf
kft x'g] audf pd|g] Ps lsl;dsf] af]6 . $= lagl;lQsf] nG7f ofpnf] . ~ e'm; gf) jgdf x
'g] emfkft, ofp, e'm; cflb . ofplg c) lqm) [ofpf] O g] != ofpf] jf lgGofpf] x
= emf]lqmg . ofp]! lj) [ofpf] P] nf]lqPsf] ofpf] lgGofpf] nt]nfd|] . ofp]@
g no dfqfsf g]kfnL nf]suLt emfd] . @= kfFrf}F, b;f}F ;f]x|f}F cIfdf lj>fd xg] Ps g
]kfnL nf]sno jf ;f]xL no ePsf] uLt . ofpf] lj) [ofp f]] != dlng cgxfsf] lgGofpf] .
nf] bAnf] ofp] . ofpnf] gf) [ofp nf]] sg} kmfObf gxg] Jojxf lagl;lQsf] sfd emG
sofs gf) [c) d") ofs\ c (l))] != grflxFbf] sfsf] srsr ofpFofpF ss . lqm) lj) @=
fjfh lg:sg] uL . ofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ofs\ s] bfx|LhFuf jf skfn a9] bAnf] b]lvg] u
m:; . ~ ofSs lqm) lj) a]nf a]nfdf l5gl5gdf 3L3L . of gf) x]) emf . Kjfn gf)
jfn}Kjfn ePsf] wftsf] efF8f jf sk8f . @= kfgf] lrNyf] sk8f . ofkemk lqm) lj) [c)
d") ofk\ c (l))] != ;a} hgf ldn]/ Psbd sfd kmQ] ug]{ u/L l56f]l56f] . @= aQL cflb Ps}
lgd]ifdf lgEg] jf lgefpg] u/]/ . ofkofk lqm) lj) [c) d") ofk\ c (l))] != zLsf f}F
fg] uL w]} nfdf f}F xg] lsl;dn] . @= aLraLrdf aQL lglexg] uL . #= p\g] tvsf rfnn]
fktLofkofkL lqm) lj) nfdf] afSnf] f}F b]lvg] uL ofkofk . ofkNn] lj) [ofkNnf
sf] bfx|Lhu F f skfn gvf}g] ofkNnf] . ofkNnf] gf) [ofKk nf]] ofkofktL ePsf]
ofkNnL . ofKk lqm) lj) [c) d") ofk\ k] != xL, atf; cflbn]

c:\Rajkumar/Raj Sabdkosh/Sabdkosh Ja_Jha.p65

499

ofKnfofKnf`sf/ kv]6f xg] Ps sLf] ufOg] sL/f] 3fdlsL . ofnL gf) [c) d") ofOF nL
8Dkm gf) 7"nf] cfsfsf] ofnL ePsf] 8Dkm . ofn] gf) pRr kxf8L e]udf xg] Ps hftsf] c
fn . ofN6 gf) [c) d")] otf g ptf ePsf] JolQm sfd gnfUg] j:t . ~ RofO gf) b'O{ jf w
hgfn] s'g} JolQmnfO{ ;dfO{ l3RRofP Nofpg]n}hfg] l:ylt jf k|lqmof . of; gf) ;'s]sf]
emfkft emf;e'm; . ~ e'm; gf) of; emf;e'm; . of;of; lqm) lj) [c) d") of;\c (l))]
pFdf ;f]4} g;f]wL jf klxn] yfx} glbO{ (cfpg] lsl;d) . @= e' m :; eP e' m ;, f} F c
flb pd| g ] uL . > of;of;tLof;of;L lqm) lj) emg\ l56f] of;of; x'g] uL cs:dft\l;t
lj) [c) d") of;\;] != PsfPs cfOk'Ug] uL 6'Kn'Ss . @= bfx|Lh'F3f jf skfn hvlP a9\g] u
#= ;'ss ] f emfkft cflbdf cfuf] ;Nsg] lx;fan] . ~ of:; lqm) lj) nuftfsf] of:; . jfs
[emf]s] emf]s h
. > jfsL lj) emf]sL l;fxf . jfO gf) [c) d")] ;j{:jgfz ;dflKt . ~
fg', l;w]g'g, l6d' cflb xfnL kf]n]sf] ftdf6f]sf 8Nnfn] emfg]sf] tftf] kfgL . (?3fv
f]sL lr;f] u9]sf] cj:yfdf o:tf] kfgL cf}ifwLsf kdf v'jfOG5) . jfOo\o lqm) lj) [c) d"
) jfOFo] tLvf]l;t jfOF x'g] uL jfOFo\o . jf lqm) lj) [ em] em t'?Gt plTgv]}
") emk\ > jfk\k] != PsfPs 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] uL . @= ckem{6 aQL lgEg] lsl;dn] . jfDd lqm
) lj) [c) d") emd\ > jfd\d] Ps} emd6df kfgLsf] ulxfOdf xfd kmfNg] rfn;Fu . jfDNof
\
l
lj) [c) d") jfDNof
\
] jfDd . jf{ lqm) lj) [c) d") jf\] ;'s]sf 3fF;, kfn cflbdf
b cfpg] uL of{ . jf:; lqm) lj) [c) d") jf;\;] != cfuf] emf]:g] uL kf]Ng] rfn;Fu .
jf va glbO{ (cfpg] lsl;d) . jf:; lqm) lj) tfGtfsf] jf:; .

PsfPs aQL lgEg] uL . @= sk8f cflbn] r 5f]Kg] lsl;dn] . #= PsfPs lgb|f nfUg] uL . ofK
nf
ofKnf
lqm) lj) [c) d") ofKnf
\c (l))] ofKnf] xNng] uL . ofKn] lj) [ofKnf]P]
. { f] f}s F f] e'mKkf] ofKnf] gf) [c) d") ofk\nf]] tn;Dd ns]s ofk'Nnf] . ofKNof
\
[c) d") ofKNof
\
] kfgLdf PSsfl; v:g] jf rf]lkg] uL . ofD6f gf) [c) d") ofd\6f] kGr
yf gf}dtL afhfdf k|l;4 yfnh:tf] sfF;sf b'O{ kmns u8] ahfOg] dflqs tfnafhf ofnL . ofD6
f]! gf) [emfD6f]] ;fu, f},F wfuf] cflbsf] u'hN ' 6f] emfD6f] . ofD6f]@ gf) ofD6fsf] P
jrgsf] k x]) ofD6f . ofDKjfn gf) e'OF{ vf];g | ,] 9'
u \ f kmf]8g \ ] jf 3r]6g \ ] km
fd] un . ofDd lqm) lj) [c) d") ofd\d] != kmnkm"n, xfFuflaFuf, nxf cflbn] afSnf];u F 9
fSg] uL . @= PSsfl; gLbn] 5f]k ] jfKk . #= PsfPs cFufnf] xfn] . $= ;x;f emD6g] uL . %
;a} 9flsP jf 5f]lkP . > oflDdg' c) lqm) != ;;fgf afnsn] k5fpg' lQg' . @= xfFuflaFuf
}lnP e'mlQg' emfFlug' . ofof lqm) lj) [c) d") of\c (l))] != afa kfgL klxg] u
h cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= cf]l;nf] aQL ;NsFbf zAb cfpg] uL . > ofof] gf) ftf] r'Rrf] x'g]
hftsf] rf] . of{ lqm) lj) [c) d") of\] != kfgLsf yf]kfx Ps emd6df hldgdf v:tf cfj
] uL . @= ;'s]sf] kfn, 5\jfnL, :ofpnf cflb aNbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . ~ of{ lqm) lj) nu
ftf of{ eP . ofn gf) [;+) hfn] != sf]7fxdf xfjf pHofnf]sf nflu 3sf leQfdf agfOg]
n 9f]sfafx]ssf] ;fgf]7n " f] f . vfgvfgf gf) s}bvfgf h]n sffuf . ~ vflgofvfg]
k]sf] . ~ 9'
u \ f] gf) ofnh:tf] Kjfn ePsf] 9'
\uf] To:tf] 9'
\uf] ePsf] 7fpF . oflnGr
[g]jf)] != g]jfhfltdf ahfOg] ofnLh:tf] Ps afhf . @= nfv]nfO{ lh:Sofpg] kfq . #= ;]
tf] 6Nsg]

 != b]jgfu/L j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] b;f}F Jo~hg j0f{

k/Dk/fut kdf tfnJo, :kzL{, ;3f]if, cNkk|f0f, cg'gfl;s t/ g]kfnL pRrf/0fcg';f/ oF 7x
l/g] Jo~hgj0f{ rju{sf] clGtd tyf kfFrf}F cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] Jo~hgj0f{sf]

k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg uf]?l;
\u]  (g]kfnL n]vgdf) . @= g]kfnLdf lje]bstf jf Jol
t/]s gePsf] gfl;So Jo~hg (g]kfnL pRrf/0fdf) . sf/ gf) [;+)]  cIf/ rju{sf] clGtd j0
f{ .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
66s;f
500

6
6 b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] P3ff}F j0f{ d"w{Go,
tfl8t, :kzL{, c3f]if, cNkk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ 6ju{sf] klxnf] cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{sf] k
|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg cf]7sf6f] 6 . 6sfO gf)[ 6fs\ (cfO)] 6fFSg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
f . [ > ] 6sfOg' s) lqm) 6fFSg nfOg' . 6sfpg' k|]) lqm) 6fFSg nfpg' . 6uf] lj) [k|f)
u8f] < ;+) t'
\u6] != ;'s6 ] t cUnf] b'Anf] cUnf] . @= 6
\u|
\
k]sf] l6
\uf] . gf
mf]n ;
\nf] emf]n jf ; 6'f]{ . 6ufO gf) [ 6fu\ (cfO)] 6fFUg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
6ufOg' s) lqm) != 6fFUg] sfd ufOg' . @= em'G8fpg nufOg' . 6ufpg' k|]) lqm) !=6fFUg] s
d ufpg' . @= em'G8fpg nufpg' . 6;fO gf) [ 6f;\ (cfO)] 6fF:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
> ] 6;fOg' s) lqm) 6fF:g nfOg' . 6;fpg' k|]) lqm) 6fF:g nfpg' . 6l;nf] lj) 6fFl;Psf]
Ss ldn]sf] . 6s! gf) [;+) ts] != k|sfzk'~hsf] rxs ;"o,{ rGb|, aQL cflbsf] k|sfz kfg
L, P]gf jf o:t} 6nsbf j:t'df k] cGoq kms]s { f] pHofnf] k|ltlaDa . @= Ps;'sf] x]fO c
f lemDd guLsgsf] x]fO l:yb[li6 . #= nfn;f tLj| OR5f . (pbf) xlnfO{ k9\g] 6s a;]sf] 5
6s@ gf) [;+) 6
\s] != ?lkofFk; } f cflbdf nufOPsf] ;sfL 5fk d'b|f jf l;Ssfdf nufOg] ;
fL lrXg . @= d'b|f l;Ssf ?lkofFk};f . 6s6s gf) [c) d") 6s\c (l))] != ;fx|f] kbfy{df s
xL sfn] cf3ft ubf{ jf w"nf] cflb emfg{sf nflu n'uf OToflb em6\sfbf{ cfpg] Wjlg . @
= 7s7s 6's6's l6sl6s (Wjlg) . 6s6sf lj) [ 6s6sL] != wg;DklQ hxfgkljf s]xL gePsf] 6
sf] lgSvf PSnf] 6s6s] gf
\uf] . gf) @= ?lkofFk};f ;;fdfg . 6s6sfO gf) [ 6s6s (cfO)
ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= 5}g egL cefj hgfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . Ps;'] x]fO . [
> ] 6s6sfOg' s) lqm) != w"nf] cflb emfg{ em6\sflg' . @= 6s6s Wjlg lgsfNg] uL cf3ft
ulg' . #= Ps ;'n] x]lg' . 6s6sfpbf] lj) lgd{n pHh ;kmf :jR5 fd|f] . 6s6sfpg' !=
sf] cfjfh k}bf x'g' . @= 5}g egL cefju|:t b]vf kg'{ 6s6lsg' . ;) lqm) #= w"nf] cf
lb emfg'{ 6s6Sofpg' . 6s6sfk' lj) [ 6s6s6sf] != lansn ;]tf] Psbd ;kmf :jR5 . gf) @=
klg gx'g] l:ylt cefj z"Gotf lQmtf . 6s6sfx6 gf) [6s6scfx6] != 6s6Sofx6 . @= Ps;'sf]
O 6s6sL . 6s6sfxf lj) [6s6scfxf] != 6s6sfpg] . @= Ps;'n] x]g]{ . 6s6lsg c) lqm) [6s6
] != Psbd llQg s]xL klg afFsL gxg l;l4g . @= w"nf], sl;\u jf kfgL emg{ emfem
. #= sg} sfdaf6 xft lemSg km6\sfg{ klG5g . 6s6sL lqm) lj) [6s6s O{] != Psf]xf]f] b
li6sf ;fydf Ps6s nfP l:y b[li6n] . @= w"nf]d"nf] k"} emg]{ uL . #= cefju|:t b]vf kg]{
rfn;Fu . $= Ps6ssf] cfjfh pTkGg xg] lsl;dn] . 6s6s] lj) [6s6s P] != cfgf] lhDd]jfL g
;FefNg] cfgf] pQbfloTj jxg gug]{ . @= 6s6lsP cefj dfq b]vfpg] . #= knfogwdL{ . gf) $
= 6sffF8 . 6s6SofO gf) [ 6s6ls ( ofO)] != 6s6lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [6s6Sofp cfO]
@= 6s6Sofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6s6SofOg s) lqm) != slQ klg afFsL gfv
L ;a} lofOg . @= w"nf] emflg . 6s6Sofpg k|]) lqm) != sk8f, nDk6 cflbdf k]sf] w"nf]
, sl;\u jf kfgL km8\sf] emfg{ em8\sfg{ . @= ePesf] ;DklQ vtd kfg{ l;LvL kfg{
nf] emfg{ jf emfg{ nufpg . 6s6Sofx6 gf) 6s6SofO . 6s6Sofxf lj) != 6s6lsg] . @= 6
s6s kfg]{ . 6sdfO6sdL gf) [6s df\ cfOO{] tfdf, lkQn, ;g, rfFbL cflb wftnfO{ k};f, ?
cflbdf 9fNg] sfd ?lkofF, k};f cflb 5fKg] sfd db|f agfpg] sfd . | agfpg tyf To;d
f 6sdfg { ;) lqm) [6s df g] != dbf 5fk a;fpg . @= hfnL db|f agfpg . #= Hof]lt dl
ng kfg{ . 6sfO gf) [ 6sfp ( cfO)] 6sfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6sfOg c) lq
]lsg hlwg . 6sfpg c) lqm) [6Ss cfp g] sg} bO{ yL j:t Ps csf]d { f ul8g k:
lel8g 7f]lsg . 6s;f gf) [;+) 6\szfnf] != ljleGg wftaf6 ?k}ofF k};f agfpg] jf 9fNg]
;sfL cf db|f jf l;Ssf tof ug]{ sfvfgf . > 6s;fL gf) != ;sfn] cf1f

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
501

6sf6\\ k|) ] lqm) bAnf] kfg{ 6flS;g] tNofOg . 6u gf) [;+) tu] 6Sssf] af]6 jf
66 gf) [c) d") 6\ c (l))] != efF8fsF8f 7f]lsFbf lg:sg] zAb . @= nuftfsf] 6 Wjlg .
) #= 66sf] cfjfh pTkGg u] . > 66L lqm) lj) cem} 66 eP . 6\s gf) [;+)] != 9u \
] l5g kmnfdsf] rRr] 3g . @= aGrf] jf o:t} xltof . #= rf df;fsf] tf}n . $= db|f l;S
sf . %= :jfu ;xfu . \ f kmf]g{] kmnfd] l5g . @= rfFbLsf] 6\ss gf) [;+)] != 9u l;S
sf . zfnf gf) 6\szfnf 6s;f . 6\s0f6\sg gf) [;+)] != 6fOkfO6n] sfuhdf cIf 5fKg]
tfdf gfpF jf afx vf]Kg] sfd . @= efF8fdf ;fog nfpg] sfd . ~ Iff gf) ;grfFbL unfpg x
flng] kbfy{ :jfu . ~ zfnf gf) 6\s0f ug]{ jf 6\s0fsf] k|lzIf0f lbg] :yfg 6fOk3 . ~ ;Ld
gf) 6\s0fsfo{ ulg] 7fpFsf] xb jf kllw . 6\sf gf) [;+)] wgsf] tfFbf] v}r F ] 5f]8b
lg:sg] cfjfh . @= tfdf, sfF; cflbsf efF8f Pscsf{df 7f]lsFbf cfpg] zAb . #= 6Ss bf
Fhf] afaL . $= k|Voft xg] sfo{ k|l;l4 . > 6\sfL lj) != 6\sf lemSg] . gf) @= ch{g
jf fd . 6\lssf gf) [;+)] != 9u \ f cflb sf6\g] kmnfd] l5g . 6\lst lj) [6\s Ot] 6fO
lbn] dlb|t 6fOk ulPsf] . 6\sL gf) [c\) 6f\s O{] != kfgL, t]n cflb fVg] wftsf] efF
= ;x jf 3df kfgL ljt0f ug{ ;FuflnPsf] hnfzo To;sf] efF8f] jf sg} lzNkk|aGw . 6\u gf
;+)] dflg; jf kzsf bO{ vfsf] b"L 6fFu vf . 6\ug lj) [;+) t\u] != lvgfpf] b
] Vofp6] . @= cUnf] l6\uf] . > 6\ug] lj) != bAnf]kftnf] lvgfpf] Vofp6] (JolQm jf
@= kftnf] ;\nf] 6f]{ (emf]n) . #= cUnf] nfd3f] . 6\u6\uf] lj) [l7\uf] ;+) t
|f] lgM;Gtfg . @= ljgfubLsf] rf]S6f gePsf] . > 6\u] lj) emf]n w]} ePsf] (ltxg) 6
6\u | \ lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\u|\ ] != cSsfl;P pleFb} . @= PlSnP . #= ;\nf] kftn
6\ lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\ ] 6sf] Ps} cfjfhdf Ps} 6sf] Wjlgdf . 6\\ lqm) lj) [c)
dfq xg] lsl;dn] (bfn, tsfL cflb) .

lbPdtflas df]x, k};f, c;kmL{ cflbdf 6s 9fNg] sfd . @= To:tf] 6s 9fNg] JolQm . lj
) #= 6s;fLsf] sfd ug]{ . 6sf! lj) [c) d") 6s\ cf] s]xL gePsf] 6f6 l7\uf] . 6sf@ gf) [
] != ?lkofFk};f l;Ssf db|f . @= bO{k};] 9fs bO{ k};fsf] ;d"x . 6sf6s lqm) lj) [6s c
s] != wdfwd 7fSs km6fkm6 . gf) @= vfFrf] xhf{ v . 6sf gf) [;+)] 6 cIf 6ju{sf] k
6s]g{ gf) [6sf Pg] { as]gk { l5sf] jf yfSg] a]nf ePsf] ufO{e}F;L yfs] b"w glbg] cj
:yfsf] ufO{a:t . 6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 6s\ s] PsfPs f]lsg] uL lxF8\bflxF8\b} PSsfl; cl
g] rfnn] crfgs lxF8\g 5f8] . 6Ss! gf) [;+) 6\s0f] != hl8Psf Tg jf dl0fxsf] 6nsemns
sf nflu tnlt flvg] wftsf] kftnf] kq . @= uxFsf] d}bf ofn] agfOPsf], 6Lsf, 5fk cflb
df k|of]u ulg] n]l;nf] kbfy{ . 6Ss@ gf) [k|f)] != JolQm jf j:t csf{;u F ul8g] jf 7f
]lsg] sfd 7Ss wSsf . @= k|lt:kwf{ k|ltlGtf bfFhf] . #= RofDk6L, cf]v, e? cflb 3d
rnL jf gxNnL 3Dg] rfn . 6Ss# gf) [;+) tu] dnfod, ;]tf ;uGwL k"mn kmNg], b"w lg:
sg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 To;}sf] k"mn . > 6SsL gf) 6Sssf] k"mn jf j[If . 6Ssf gf) [;+) 6\
x]) 6sf . xf gf) kfgf rfFbLsf ?lkofF jf rfFbLsf eftLo dbf | n] ag]sf] dfnf sDkgLdf
f k6gfdfnf . 6qmg c) lqm) [6qmSs g] != 6Ss f]lsg . @= cnu xg leGg} jf 5} xg .
;g{ g5g] xg . 6qmSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6qms\ s] != rNbfrNb} PsfPs c8\g] uL 6Ss . @=
st} g9nklng] jksf j:t;Fu g5f]Og] uL cnUu . 6qmfO gf) [ 6qm ( cfO)] 6qmg] efj, lqmo
lsl;d . [ > ] 6qmfOg s) lqm) 6qmg] kflg jf ufOg . 6qmfpg 6qmg] kfg{ jf ufpg leG
tNofpg cnUu vfpg . 6lqmg c) lqm) [6qm O g] != sg} sfdsfhdf cufl8 ;g{ b]vf kg{
= 6qmSs k] xg 5} xg . #= ;Ddfgk"js { lbOg ;dk{0f ulg rl9g . > 6So|fO gf) 6l
lqmof jf k|lqmof . 6So|fOg s) lqm) 6lqmg] kflg ;Ddfgk"j{s lbOg . 6So|fpg ;) lqm
)k|]) lqm) != ;Ddfgk"js { lbg ;dk{0f ug{ r9fpg . @= 6qmSs kf] fVg . 6S:ofO gf) [
S; ( cfO)] 6flS;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof bAnfO . [ > ] 6S:ofOg s) lqm) bAnf] kflg
. 6S:ofpg

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

66/f]6G6skfn] 66f] lj) [6f6 f]] != bAnf]kftnf] ;s]sf] cUnf] 6Fuf] 66\6" . @= 6
6f]{ :jefjsf] lgdf{ofn . 66nf] gf) tafsf cfsfsf] nfdf] sf];f 306fh:tf] k"mn kmNg]
]6 k"mn ;sfP k|foM cf}nf] Hjdf cf}ifwLsf kdf vjfOg] sf];fleqsf] kqdf h]lnPsf] laof
FnfO{ k"mnsf] cefjdf dfnf plgg] jf b]ptfnfO{ r9fOg] sfd lnOg] af]6 . 66\sff]66\sfn
f] lj) [6f7f] sff]] :ki6 b]lvg] vn:t ;kmf t8\sff] . 6L gf) [;+)] != 7f lbNnuL .
"6f] Jojxf . #= Ps k|sfsf] 9f]nafhf . 6fO gf) [ 6fp ( cfO)] 6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
[ > ] 6fOg c) lqm) 6fO cg e j ug] { xf] O g . 6fOnf]6fpbf] lj) 6fpg] vfnsf] .
lqm) [;+) 606 cfp g] != zLdf rf]6k6s nfu]sf] jf 3fpvl6f ePsf] 7fpFdf s8f j:t jf rxofp
] cf}ifwL kbf{ rsf]{ lsl;dn] bVg rxofpg eafpg . @= ef]s, Kof;, udL{ cflbn] ;tfp
g kL8f xg . > 6lg c) lqm) != lbge ef]s} kg{ ef]s, Kof;, udL{ cflbn] kLl8t xg .
@= cK7]f] 7fpFdf a:bfa:bf pf7 nfUg . #= 6f6 kN6g . $= bAnfpg . 6L gf) [;+) t6L]
!= afF;, gs{6sf lrk{6 cflbn] agfOPsf] kbf{ af kmlsf] 6f6L . @= kfOvfgf rkL{ . #= dfG
]sf] dn lb;f . 6L66\6 lj) [6f6 O{pm] xf85fnf dfq afFsL ePsf] Hofb} bAnf] xNng6f6
[ 6l ( ofO)] x]) 6fO . [ > ] 6fOg c) lqm) 6fOg . 6fpg c) lqm) 6fpg . 67 gf)
uj{ ;]vL cledfg 3dG8 . @= emu8f lgxF . 67dfO gf) [ 67dfp ( cfO)] 67dfpg] lqmof jf
. [ > ] 67dfOg c) lqm) 6f7f] jf cu|; xf]Og . 67dfOnf] lj) != 6f7f] . @= tTk . 67df
) lqm) [6f7f] af7f] cfp g > 67a8fpg] != klcfPsf] sfddf cufl8 ;g{ 6f7f]af7f] xg . @=
tvfpg tof xg . 6l7nf] lj) [6f7f] Onf]] != 6f7f] ePsf] r\v . @= hfFulnf] sfdu}
6f]3f6f] x[i6ki6 vfPlkPsf] . #= rnfs af7f] rtf] r\v . 67L lj) [67 O{] != 67 ug]{
jfn cledfgL . 67fO gf) [6f7f]ofOF] != 6f7f] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf a7fOF . 68\sff]68
j) [ 66\sff]] k|:6 :ki6 t8\sfnf]
502

66\sfnf] . 6g! lj) [c
\)] emG8} cfO; dgsf] tf}n kRrL; d]l6s6gsf] tf}n . 6g@ lj) [c) d"
6g\c] != nfu" kbfy{sf] ;]jgn] n k]sf] gzfn] nlPsf] S;L wf]s]sf] 6'Gg . @= elPsf]
k"0f{ 6Gg . #= df]6fPsf] . $= c3fPsf] . %= sl:;Psf] 6gSs 6gS s. 6gs gf) 3fpsf] kL
8f 6Gsf] hng . 6gs lqm) lj) zLsf] sg} efudf f]u nfu] blvxg] uL 3fpvl6fdf kfg
c sg} sf0fn] bVg] lsl;dn] 6gSs6gSs 6g6g . > 6gSs lqm) lj) != zLsf] sg} cjojdf
g] uL 3fpvl6fdf kfgL jf kLk elP bVg] uL . @= jfoljsfn] zLsf] :gfo Joj:yfdf afw
xg] lsl;dn] #= 8f]Ln] a];L s:g] lsl;dl;t . lj) $= sl;Psf] . %= kL8fhgs jf HjngzLn
. 6g6g! gf) [6G6f] grflxFbf] lsl;dsf] srsr lagl;lQsf] srsr 8fsf] 6G6f n]7f] . 6g6g@
m) lj) [g])] != 3fpvl6fx 6Gsg] uL 6gs6gs . @= kmtL{ lems] lxF8\g] rfnn] ndsemds . #=
6Gg s;] afFWg] rfndf 6gSs . $= 306f cflb nuftf aHg] uL . > 6g6gtL6g6gL lqm) lj) 6gSs
g] (bVg], nDsg], aHg], elg], sl;g]) uL . 6g6g] gf) [;+) :yf0f > 7fg (l)) P] xlof]
rNnf] 8fF7 afF;sf h:tf cfFVnf xg], xfFufkft gxg], ss]h:t} ;nQ k]sf] emf . 6gf6
lj) [c) d") 6g cf 6g] != efF8f]df sg} j:t vfFlbP rlng] uL c6fO{gc6fO{ 6df6d ele
k"} elPsf] 6Gg . 6g]n gf) [c\)] != kxf8sf] leqleq} agfOPsf] af6f] jf snf] . @= ;?
Gsg c) lqm) != 3fpvl6f lklnP Gylgg kL8f xg aNsg eafpg . @= Hofb} sl;g] uL jf
g] lsl;dn] afFlwg a];L tflgg . > 6GsfO gf) != 3fp cflbsf] bvfO . @= 8f]L jf bfDn
fsf] s;fO . 6GsfOg s) lqm) 6Gsg] kflg a];L bvfOg jf sl;g . 6Gsfpg k|]) lqm);) l
m) 6Gsg] kfg{ a];L bvfpg jf s:g . 6lGsg c) lqm) != 6Gsg . @= rsf]{;Fu bVg ea
fpg . #= sl;g] uL afFlwg . 6Gsf] gf) != 3fpvl6f cflbsf] bvfO gs . @= 8f]L cflbsf]
;fO 6GsfO . 6G6skfn] lj) grflxFbf] emGem6 af]s] lxF8\g] cgfjZos emd]nf a];fpg] 6G6f a
f]s] sfd ug]{ cgfjZos kdf

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
503

6G6nfk/6df6 6Ksg c) lqm) [c) d") tk\ sg] != yf]kfyf]kf ub}{ kfgL rlxg jf v:g aF
aFb uL emg{ . @= PSsfl; cfOkUg k|s6 xg . ;) lqm) #= pl5Gg 6Kg . $= km8\s] gfg
 . %= 6kSs l6k] nUg] sfd xg . > 6KsfO gf) 6Ksg] jf 6ksfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 6KsfO
g s) lqm) 6kSs l6k] nlug . 6Ksfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != 6kSs l6k] n}hfg xft nfpg
tnfuL ug{ p8fpg . @= x0f ug{ rf]g{ . #= yf]kfyf]kf rxfpg ab F v;fpg . 6lKsg
c) lqm) != 6Ksg . @= yf]kfyf]kf uL rlxg . 6KSofO gf) 6lKsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
of . 6Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") 6k\ k] != PsPs yf]kf u]e}mF uL 6kSs . @= Ps} k6s dfq s]xL s
l6Kg] lsl;dn] . #= t?Gt 6Ksfpg] rfndf . $= 6fFl;Ph:t} uL . %= PSsfl; yfldg], f]ls
g] jf klqmg] rfnn] . ^= cs:dft\ k|s6 eP 6KnSs . 6Kkf! gf) [c) tas] != sg} lhNnf jf
k|uGgfsf] Ps lx:;f ;fgf] e"efu Onfsf tKkf . @= cUnf] l9:sf] 8fF8f] . 6Kkf@ gf) [;+)
tfk] df?gL gfrdf ufOg] Ps yL fu . 6Kk gf) [6fk] gbLsf] bf]efg, tnfp jf d}bfgsf aL
rdf p7]sf] hldg jf l9:sf] Lk 6fsf] demf} . 6Kk" lj) [6k\ k"] != r\v rtf] l6Knf
f] . 6Kkmf6Kkm gf) Ps JolQm csf]{ JolQmsf] cgxfdf b]lvg] cGt . 6kmL gf) [c\)] !=
d cflb ePsf] rsn]6 sfuhdf aGbL ulPsf] ;;fgf] ld7fO{ . @= v]ndf ljh]tfn] kfpg] ljho
lrXg . 6a gf) [c\)] a;] jf kN6] gxfpgsf nflu kfgL fVg agfOPsf], 7"nf] vnf dv ePsf]
l;d]G6 cflbsf] efF8f] . 6dSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6ds\ s] sk8f cflb zLdf 6Dd ldNg] jf sl
;g] uL l;ldSs l6ldSs . 6d6d! gf) [c\) 6fG8d] Pp6} 3f]8fn] tfGg], bO{ cUnfcUnf kf\u|
Psf] xNsf aUuL PSsf . 6d6d@ lqm) lj) [c) d") 6d\ c (l))] uf]8f ahfb}{ kmtL{;fy lxF8g
\ ] lsl;dn] l7dl7d l6ldsl6lds . 6df6d lqm) lj) [c) d") 6d\ cf 6d\] efF8fdf sg} j:t el
ePh:t} uL 6gf6g . 6df6 gf) [c\) 6f]Dof6f]] != cfnsf] h:tf] af]6af6 hldgdfly kmNg] c
fns} cfsfsf] kmn uf]ne]8 F f 6fd6 . @= eG6fsf] h:tf] af]6df uf]ne]F8fsf] :jfbsf] l8D
afsf] cfsfsf] kmn nfUg] Ps jg:klt . #= To;} af]6df kmNg], uf]ne]F8fsf] h:tf] :jfb
xg] crf agfP vfOg] kmn .

csf{sf] bv];f] cfgf] 6fpsfdf lnP lxF8\g] . 6G6nfk lj) v"a kf]Ng] Hofbf rsf]{ k|r08
3fd) . 6G6f gf) != grflxFbf] emd]nf emf]h emGem6 . @= cgfjZos sfdsf] af]em . ;G6f gf
) grflxFbf] emf]hemd]nf . 6Gg lqm) lj) [c) d") 6g\ g] != efF8fdf sg} j:t vfFlbP rln
g] uL elefp 6gf6g . @= k"f c3fpg] uL unluHh . #= 306f, 38L cflbdf 7Ss nfu] ah]h:t
;L cflb nfu" kbfy{n] nlg] uL n . 6k\g ;) lqm) [6k g] != k9fO, pBf]uJoj;fo ofqf cf
cnfO{ pl5g] cufl8 kUg kl5 ePsf] JolQmn] cfk"meGbf cl3sf] JolQmnfO{ e]fpg jf lhTg
. @= km8\sg gfg . #= 6fk 7f]Sg efUg . 6k! gf) [c\)] sfgsf nf]tLdf nufOg], ;fgf]
9\u|Lh:t} Ps k|sfsf] k|foM ;gsf] uxgf . 6k@ gf) [c\)] aUuL, tfdbfg cflbsf] a;fpg,
p7fpg 9fNg;d]t ldNg] dflyNnf] efu jf 5fg . 6k# gf) [c\) 6fk] ;fOsn, df]6;fOsn, aUuL
df]6 cflbsf] kf\u|fdfly hl8g] 9sgLh:tf] sk|f] k]sf] kftf . 6kSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6k\
> 6ks\ s] != PSsfl; jf ;lhn} l6k] em l6Kg] uL em6k6 6KsfP . @= s;};Fu Psbd 6fFl;g] jf
l;g] rfndf . #= yf]kfsf kdf em] tKk . 6k6k lqm) lj) [c) d") 6k\ c (l))] != PsPs yf]k
lxP tktk . @= slQ g;:tfO{ nuftf l6k] 6kf6k . gf) #= To;L rlxFbfsf] Wjlg . > 6k6ktL
6kL lqm) lj) 6k6k 6kf6k . 6kL6kf] gf) [ktL] != afF;sf] l;Gsfn] ufF;] la6 p7fO{ agfO
;fn cflbsf kftsf] yfnh:tf] efF8f] kQn 7x . > 6k] lj) 6kL ;Fu6 ] g \ ] jf ;Xofg]{ 3
]lxTofOF uL hLljsf ug]{ 6kLdf xfn]sf l;wfaf6 uhff ug]{ . 6k6 { ofF lj) [6kL c) d"
F o cf] != cWoog, 1fg cflb geP klg aflxL a7fOFff cfgf] kfl08Tosf] k|bz{g ug]{ leqL 1f
ePsf] t aflx k|eTj hdfpg rfxg] nfnaemSs8 . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . 6kfO gf) [ 6k\ ( cf
)] 6Kg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6kfOg s) lqm) 6Kg jf pl5Gg nfOg, 6Kg ;Sg]
agfOg 6Kg] kflg . 6kfpg k|) ] lqm) 6Kg] jf pl5Gg ;Sg] kfg{ pl5Gg nfpg 6Kg nfpg
. 6kf6k lqm) lj) [6k\ 6k\)] hldgaf6 sg} j:t jf vaf6 kmn cflb l6Kg] lsl;dn] 6k6ktL .
6lkg s) lqm) [6k\ O g] != cnfO{ pl5g] cufl8 al9g jf klug . @= 6Kg] jf pl5Gg] sfd u
lg .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6df]66Nsg 6df]6 gf) [tfdf] cf]6] != tfdfsf efF8fsF8f agfpg] sfd efF8fdf r9fOPsf] kfOg
jf hnk . @= tfdf] sdfpg] Ps ju{ 6df}6] 6df}6] tdf]6 . 6df]6]6df}6] gf) != tfdfsf] ef
F8fsF8f agfpg] JolQm tfFaf]sf] Jofkf ug]{ JolQm . @= ljZjsdf{sf] Ps ju{ 6d6f] . 6Ds
fO gf) [ 6Dsfp ( cfO)] 6dSs xg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6DsfOg s) lqm) 6dSs tNofO
g . 6DsfOnf] lj) 6dSs xg] 6dSs xf]nfh:tf] . 6Dsfpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) [6dSs cfp g] 6d
s kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . 6Ds] gf) [;+) tfk s]] kmnfd] 7"nf] efF8f] sfxL . 6Dd lqm) lj)
[c) d") 6d\ d] != zLdf sk8f, hQf cflb l7Ss ldNg] uL 6dSs . @= uFb cflbn] s]xL j:t
6fFl;g] uL . #= afs;, 9f]sf cflb 7Ls;Fu aGb xg] lsl;dn], 9fDd . $= efF8f] ;a} elg]
uL . %= c3fpGh]n 6Gg . lj) ^= elPsf] 6fFl;Psf] l7Ss ePsf] jf c3fPsf] . > 6Ddf6DdL lq
) lj) k"f elg] uL 6gf6gL . 6\g c) lqm) [;+) t0f] != ;do laTb} hfg 6fOd uhg |
= k|sffGtaf6 klg sfd rNg lgjf{x xg . 6sL gf) yf hfltsf :qLxn] sfgdf nufpg] sf7sf]
gf . 66 gf) [c) d") 6\ c (l))] ;fd"lxs kdf Eofutf sfpFbfsf] cfjfh 6\jf6\jf . > 6
Eofutfx sfpg . 6fO gf) [ 6 ( cfO)] 6g]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6fOg s) lq
jf 6fg{ nfOg . 6fpg k|]) lqm);) lqm) 6fg{ 6fg{ nfpg . 6lg c) lqm) 6g]{ sfd xg
t] uOg . 6]nL gf) [6f PnL] ;nfdL kb}{ uPsf] hldgsf] k s]xL lefnf] 6f . 6s{6L gf)
ds}sf] vf]:6f, kfn cflbn] ag]sf] ;fgf] r6fO{ ;;fgf] ;sn Ps hgf dfq a:g ldNg] kfn cfl
bsf] laF8f] . 6sL{ gf) [c\)] != lugLkmf] rf nf}sf6 . @= ts{ b]z . 6r{ gf) [c\)] un
Aof6L fv] aflng] xft] aQL rf]aQL . nfO6 gf) 6r{sf] pHofnf] u'nk ' Aof6Laf6 aNg]
. 6{ gf) [c) d") 6\ ] != jiff{sfndf Eofu'tfn] sfPsf] cfjfh 66 . lqm) lj) @= To;L
!= jiff{sf] a]nf Eofu'tf nuftf sfpFbfsf] Wjlg . @= To:tf] Wjlg;Fu ldNbf] Wjlg (x'S
sf cflb tfGbfsf]) . lqm) lj) #= nuftf 66fP . 6l{g' c) lqm) [6f] { O g'] != 6f]{ x
xs cfpg' .
504

@= csf] fo;Nnfxdf gk:g' 6]l9g' af\lug' . 6f]{ gf) != xf],{ sfFrf] xn'jfj]b jf o:t}
kfOg] :jfb 5 ;dWo] Ps ; siffo . lj) @= xf]{ cflbsf] h:t} :jfb ePsf] sfFrf] . #= csf
Nnfxdf gk:g] 7f]{ ldhf; ePsf] PsnsfF6] vf] . 6of{O gf) [ 6l ( ofO) ] 6f]{kg . [ >
lqm) 6f]{ tNofOg . 6of{pg k|) ] lqm) 6f]{ kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . 6of{x6 gf) 6f]{
. 6n\g c) lqm) [6\ g] != sg} k|sfn] ;do laTb} hfg 6g{ kG5g x6\g . @= 6flg
[c) d") 6n\ cs] !=sg} rlDsnf] j:t jf P]gfdf b]lvg] rds rxs emns . @= ;"o{, rGb|, lah
nL, aQL cflbsf] k|sfz kfgL jf P]gfdf k] kms]{sf] k|ltlaDa 6xs 6s . 6ns lqm) lj) !=
faf rlDsxg] uL . gf) nuftfsf] 6ns . > 6nSs lqm) lj) sg} j:t'sf] rds k|sfzdf 7Ss vfP
uL 6nSs lemlnSs . 6n6n lqm) lj) [c) d") 6n\ c -l)_] != sg} kfbz{s j:t'df pHofnf] 7S
Dsg] uL ;"o,{ rGb|, lah'nL cflbsf] k|sfz P]gf, kfgL cflbdf k] rDs]em}F 6ns6ns . @= Ps
6sl;t x]lx] SjfSjftL . > 6n6ntL6n6nL lqm) lj) cem} 6lNsxg] lsl;dn] . 6nkn gf) [6n
b|j kbfy{df xNsf 5fn p7L kfgLsf] c+z xNng] rfndf . @= gbL cflbsf] rnfodfg kfgLd
f 8'\uf, k6]nf cflb xNng] uL 9nkn . #= clt xif{ jf kL8fn] uxel cfF;' 5rlNsP . > 6nknf
O gf) 6nkn ug]{ efj, lqmof jf lsl;d . 6nknfOg' s) lqm) 6nkn xf]Og' . 6nknfpg' c) lq
m) != 6nkn x'g' . @= 9nknfpg' . #= uxel eP cfF;' rNg' . 6nknfx6 gf) 6nknfO . 6nklng
' c) lqm) x]) 6nknfOg' . 6nkNofO gf) 6nklng] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . 6nNn lqm) lj) [c
) d") 6n\ cNn] cToGt k|efjsfL 9\un] 6Nsg] uL . 6nfO gf) [ 6n\6fn ( cfO)] != 6Ng] lqmo
k|lqmof . @= 6fNg] sfo{ . [ > ] 6nfOg s) lqm) != 6nfO ;DkGg tNofOg . @= 6fNg n
fOg . 6nfpg k|) ] lqm) != 6nfO ;DkGg tNofpg . @= 6fNg nfpg . 6lng s) lqm) !=
6lg . c) lqm) @= 6g{ . 6Nsg c) lqm) [c) d") 6ns\ g] != sg} kfbz{s jf rlDsnf] kbfy
df pHofnf] 7Ss vfP rds lg:sg 6ns cfpg emNsg . @= lrNnf] jf lrKnf] kbfy{ rDsg . >
6NsfO 6Nsg] sfo{ jf sfObf . 6NsfOg lqm) lj) 6Nsg] tNofOg . 6Nsfpg ;) lqm)k|) ]
lqm) 6Nsg] kfg{

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
505

6Nn6fFu6Fu c) lqm) 6x6x xg (h"g cflb) . 6xf] gf) tnf] gyk]sf] nfdf] vfnsf] k|foM
sRrL 5fk|f] w]} hgf c6fpg] nfdf] Psgfn] s6]f] . 6xn\g c) lqm) dgaxnfp jf :jf:Yonfes
f b[li6n] ;fgf] b"Ldf k}bn lxF8\g la:tfla:tf} otfptf 3Dg 3dlkm ug{ 8Ng . 6xn
fGo hgnfO{ tyf lafdL, s]6fs]6L cflbnfO{ ulg] ;]jf jf :ofxf ;]jfz>"iff ;;f rfsL .
 f] gf) ;]jfz>"iff . 6xnfO gf) [ 6xn ( cfO)] 6xNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6xnfOg
s) lqm) 6xNg nfOg 8nfOg . 6xnfpg k|]) lqm) 6xNg nfpg 8nfpg . 6xlng c) lqm) !
= 6xNg . @= 3dlkm ulg . 6xnjf gf) [6xn pjf] != lgDg :tsf] Ps ;sfL bhf{ . @= ;]jf6
ug]{ JolQm gf]s . lj) #= 6xn;]jf ug]{ ;]js . luL gf) rfssd{ . 6f k) ;) [j6f] uGtL
pg] zAbsf] kl5lNt ufFl;P yfg jf uf]6f aemfpg] k|Too (Pp6f, bO6f, tLg6f, rff]6f O)
) . 6fs \ g ;) lqm) != sk8fdf 6fFsf nfpg nfdfnfdf km8\sf kf] l;pg . @= lh:6df s
m jf j:tsf] gfd btf{ ug{ . #= gfpFgfd];L l6Kg gfdf\lst ug{ . $= wft cflbdf af
, gfd cflb sFb\g jf vf]Kg . 6fs gf) sf]6sldh cflbsf] cufl8sf] km]f] cNemfpg km]fs}
lsgfdf s]xL kms kfL 6fF;] l;Og] ;fgf] k};fsf 5fF6sf] ljleGg cfsfsf] wft', l;kL, sf7,
Knfl:6s cflbsf] j:t' a6g . 3 gf) 6fFs l5fpg] Kjfn . 6fsf gf) [6fFscf] != sk8f l;pF
ufn] ;dfTg] efu l;ofOsf] km8\sf] . @= wft'sf 6'qmfx hf]8g \ ] ;fog . #= snd cyjf lg
asf] n]Vg] r'Rrf] k]sf] efu 6'F8f] . > 6flsg' c) lqm) != 6fFsf nfUg' . s) lqm) @= 6f
Fsf nufOg' . 6fsL gf) ef]nf{sf] 6'Kkf] b'O{ efu k]h:tf] t ;fgf] kft x'g], KofhL
sf] 7
n7"nf nfdfnfdf 6f6f x'g], :ofpnf 8fn] 3fF;sf] sfddf cfpg] sf]Ofnf]h:t} Ps hftsf]
j[If To;}sf] kmn . 6fu\g ;) lqm) != sk8f cflb lkmFhfP emG8fpg n6\sfpg 6f\g .
]sf] sfd ug{ cfn6fn ug{ ;:tL ug{ . #= v;L, af]sf cflbsf] 5fnf sf9\g . 6fu gf) [
;+) 6
\u] zLsf] s6Lb]lv k}tfnf;Ddsf] efu v'f] uf]8f] . 6fu6'u gf) [6fFu\ (l))] !
ngxdf jk s]xL sf em'G8fpg] jf 6fFUg] sfd . @= c:tJo:t 6FufO .
(h"g) . > 6x6xfOg'

6ns lgsfNg' . 6lNsg' c) lqm) != 6Nsg' . @= 6ns lgl:sg' . 6NSofO gf) 6lNsg] efj, lq
mof jf cj:yf . 6Nn lqm) lj) [c) d") 6n\n] :jod\ rlDsg] j:t'df pHofnf] kL 6Nsg] jf e
mNsg] uL . 6ju{ gf) [;+)] sju{ cflb kfFr ju{dWo] t];f | ] ju{ 6, 7, 8, 9, 0f uL hDdf
kfFr j0f{sf] ;d"x . 6;s gf) [c) d") 6;\cs] dg gnufO{gnufO{ u]sf] sfd jf cf8Da :jf
6
] . 6;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 6;s\s] != ljgo jf eosf] efjgfn] e'Od F{ f rfs 6]sfP a:g]
lsl;dn] 6';S ' s 6qmSs 6'qm'Ss . @= clgR5f b]vfP 9f]uh ] :t} uL 6:; . #= clgR5f k|s6
fVg] lsl;dn] . 6;d; gf) [c) d") 6;\c (l))] r'sn, sLnf cflb xNnfpg g;lsg] jf k'msfNg
g;lsg] l:ylt . 6;dl;g' c) lqm) 6;d; x'g' c6];d6]; x'g' . 6; gf) [t;] Ps k|sfsf] afS
bx|f] ;"tL sk8f t; . 6:sg' c) lqm) [6;Ss g'] != dg gnufO{sg sg} j:t' fVg] sfd x'g'
6;Ss k] a:g' . #= 7:sg' . > 6:sfO gf) 6:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 6l:sg' c) lqm)
!= 6:sg' . @= 6:sg] xf]Og' . 6:sf] gf) != dg gnufO{ sann] u]sf] 9f]u . @= grflxFbf]
sfd lagl;lQ cfOk]sf] emGem6 . #= c;fjwfgLk"j{ssf] vfO . 6:SofO gf) 6l:sg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . 6:SofOg' s) lqm) dg gnufO{sg lbg' jf flvg' . 6:Sofpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm
) != dg gnfO{gnfO{ sg} j:t' lbg' jf fVg' . @= dg gkLsg 9f]Ug' jf 9f]ufpg' 6::ofpg' .
6:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 6;\ ;] a:bf, s]xL fVbf jf 9f]Ubf c;fjwfgLsf] lsl;dn] . > 6::ofO
gf) 6:; x'g] jf kfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . 6::ofOg' s) lqm) 6:; x'g] jf 6::ofpg] kflg' .
6::ofpg' ;) lqm) != dg gkLsg} jf xtktl;t 6Lsf] nfpg' . @= x]nf u] jf l;n] lbg' . #= d
g gkLsg 9f]Ug' 6:Sofpg' . 6xs gf) [ 6ns] != 3fd, h"g cflbsf] 6s k|sfz rds emns . @=
kLFwdf lylu|Pkl5 ;\lnPsf] dflysf] tn kbfy{ (kfgL, t]n cflb) . > 6xsfO gf) 6xlsg] ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 6xsfOg s) lqm) != 6xlsg] kflg emNsfOg . @= txfOg . 6xsfpg
 ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != emNsfpg . @= txfpg . 6xlsg c) lqm) != emlNsg . @= txlg .
6x6x lqm) lj) [c) d") 6x (l))] != h"g afbnn] g9flsgfn] :jR5 kdf rlDsP . lj) @= To;L r
lDsPsf]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6fug6fssf]L 6fug! gf) [;+) 6
\s0f] xf]rf] sbsf] k'mlt{nf] 3f]8f RofG6] 3f]8f kxf8L 6
. 6fug@ lj) zL kftnf] cUnf] ePsf] ;'OFv'] nfd3f] . 6fuf gf) Pp6f 3f]8fn] tfGg]
f
\u|f ePsf] ;fgf] aUuL 6d6d 6f
f . 6flug' s) lqm) [6fFuOg'] 6fFUg] sfd ulg' 6fl
g'
6fFuf]O{] ;fgf] 6fFuf] . 6fu ] lj) [6fFuf]P] 6fFuf]sf cfsfsf] 7f8] . ~ k]jf gf) Ps
;]tf] Ps cfFvf sfnf] x'g] k]jf . ~ nf}L gf) v'fsf a"9L cf}Fnf rf] cf}Fnfdfly nL
xftn] ;dft]sf] nL x'ofP v]lng] Ps v]n 8G8Llaof] . 6fuf]! gf) [k|f) 6
\uf]] != hUufhld
flb gfKg] nfdf] lglZrt kldf0fsf] nL nUuf nUuL 6f
f] . @= nfdf] 3f]rf] 3ff] . #= df5f
6'Kkfdf aN5L c8\sfOPsf] nfdf] nL . 6fuf]@ gf) [;+) 6
\s] != kmnfd cflb s8f wft'df Kj
fn kfbf{ tn cf]5fOg], aLrdf Kjfn ePsf] kmnfd jf sf7 cflbsf] pks0f . 6frf gf) [6fFsf]
!= x'nfsff k7fOg] lr7Lkqsf l6s6df nufOg] ldlt;lxtsf] 5fk 5fkf 5fk . @= s6fgL ug]{ c
g'dlt kfPsf vdf nufOg] ;sfL 5fk To:tf vdf vf]lkg] lrXg . 6f8 gf) [;+) :yf0f'] != rf
vfFaf uf8] jf leQf sk] kmNofs, afF;sf lrk{6 cflb 5fkL ;fdfg fVg jf ;'Tg agfOPsf] d
rfg . @= d'bf{ af]Sg] v6 zjofg cyL{ . #= dfn;fdfgsf] rf
nufpFbf aLraLrdf k]sf] l5b|
. $= b'O{ gbLsf aLrsf] r'lnPsf] hldg . 3 gf) sf7kft, kfn cflb flvg] 3 drfg . > 6f8
a:g jf ;'Tg ldNg] ;;fgf] 6fF8 . 6f8 ] lj) [6fF8P] != 6fF8 ePsf] 6fF8;DaGwL 6fF8sf] .
@= 6fF8 k]sf] . ~ 3 gf) 6fF8sf cfsfsf] 3 . ~ hfqf gf) d'bf{nfO{ d;fg3f6 k'ofpg] hfqf
fqf dnfd . 6fkf] gf) [g]jf) tfFkm] k]6 3fF6L ;fgf] ePsf], x]bf{ ;fgf] ufu|Lh:tf] b]
lvg], kfgL vfg] 6'6Lbf efF8f] Ps k|sfsf] s?jf . 6f; \ g ;) lqm) [;+) t+; g] != ub
flb n];fOnf] kbfy{n] bO{ leGg j:tnfO{ hf]g{ bO{ j:tnfO{ Ps hLp kfg{ . @= ;F
u;Fu} fVg hf]g{ . #= ufF:g . $= cfk"mnfO{ cfOk]sf] emd]nf cdfly yf]kg{ 6fF;f] nfp
g . 6f; gf) [6fF; \ c] != JolQmljz]if jf ;j{;fwf0f hgtfnfO{ sg} sf] ;"lrt ug{ ;sf
{af6 3, kvf{n, ;Qn, kf6L cflbdf n]vf]6 jf ;"rgfkq 6fF:g] sfd . @= To;L 6fFl;Psf] s
fut . 6'; gf) c;fjwfgLk"0f{ 6F;fO . k'hL{ gf) 6fF;sf] sfut .
506

6fl;g' s) lqm) [6fF;\Og'] != 6F;fO k"f ulg' . 6f;f] gf) [6fF;\cf]] != cfk"mn] grfx
lQm jf j:t' ssfkn] cfOnfUg] sfd OR5fljgf klg kfNg'k]sf] jf lhDdf lnOPsf] JolQm jf j
:t' . 6fO6'O! gf) [ 6fd6'd] sfdrnfp jf 6k6'{ofF vfnsf] cNk 1fg 1fgeGbf a9L :jf
ePs
yf]ax't ljQf kNnju|fxL kfl08To . 6fO6'O@ gf) [c) d") 6'OF (l))] != ckfgjfo' lg:sFb
f sg} sf] aHbf cfpg] tLvf] zAb . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] zAb jf Wjlg lg:sg] uL . #= a8f]
cK7]f] dfg] . 6fOkmfO6fOk'mO gf) [c) d") k'mOF (l))] zlQmljgfsf] wfs b]vfj6L rnfs
r'Lk'mL . 6fOk gf) [c
\)] != 5fKgsf nflu 9flnPsf] l;;fsf] cIf cIf 5fKg] l;;f jf lkQn
bsf] 5fk . @= 6fOkfO6ff 6
\s0f ug]{ sfd . #= 9fFrf lsl;d . s]; gf) d'b0 | fsfo{sf 6
ojl:yt uL fVg] v08v08 ePsf] ;fwg . k]k gf) 6fOk ug]{ kftnf]vfn] sfut . a]8 gf) 5f
Ifx cflb ldnfP fVg] d'b0 | foGqsf] efu . fO6 gf) xftsf cf}Fnfx rfn] cIf 6\s0f
fOlk:6 gf) != 6fOkfO6 rnfpg] jf 6fOk ug]{ JolQm . @= ;f] sfd ug]{ Ps Go"gj}tlgs kb
. 6fOkmfO8 gf) [c\)] kfgL cflbsf] bf]ifaf6 cfGb|fdf ljsf k}bf eP cfpg] hf] cfGtls Hj
L hf] . 6fOd gf) [c\)] != jif{, dlxgf, lbg, 306f cflbsf] PsfO ;do . @= df}sf cj; .
gf) ;do ;"lrt ug{ l6Gg aHg] 38L . 6]an ' gf) ;dotflnsf ;do;fl0fL . 6fOn gf) [c\)] 5
gf] 5fpg pkof]u ulg] 7"nf] lemFu6L 6fon . 6fO{ gf) [c\) 6fO{] ;'6 cflb o'f]kLo 9fFrfs
f kf];fssf] klxgdf 3fF6Ldf (;6{sf] sndf) ;'sf{pgL kfL nufOg] ljleGg sf] n's]{ lkmQf .
lSnk gf) 5ftLdf 6fO{ c8\sfpg] lslnk . lkg gf) 6fO{ c8\sfpg] lkg . 6fps] lj) [6fpsf
] P] != ;fwf0feGbf 7"nf] 6fpsf] ePsf] zLsf] u7geGbf 7"nf] 6fpsf] x'g] 3g6fps] . @= 7"n
] kbdf x]sf] k|ltli7t . #= k|d'v d'Vo . ~ sldnf gf) 6fpsf] 7"nf] x'g] Ps hftsf] sldn
f . 6fpsf] gf) [;+) :yfo's] zLsf] 3fF6Lb]lv dflysf] d'Vo c\u lz dfy d'G6f] . ~ vfg'
= duh vfg' . @= cl3 nfpg' (dg'{sf] cy{df) . ~ hf]ufpg' 6') lgbf]{ifL xg' ufn gkfg'{
. 6fssf]L gf) [6fs sf]L] cf cf 6fssf]L eGb} xftn] ;fyLsf] 6fpsfdf lk6\g] lkl6g]n]
5'g vf]Hbf lk6\gn ] ] 5Ng vf]Hg] afnv]n .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
507

6fs6's6fo 6f6] lj) [6f6f] P] !=5Kk5Kk 6f6f] ePsf] 6f6]kf6] . @= bfu ePsf] bfuL vf]6L
f) #= l3p gxfn]sf] ux'F cflbsf] f]6L . kf\u ]| lj) bfusf l5sf{ ePsf] 6f6]kf6] emfn]d
n] . kf6] lj) 6f6]kf\u|] . ~ l;dL gf) af6'nf vfnsf kft y]Krf sf];f kmNg] l;dL . 6f6
f]! gf) y]Krf] nfdf] sf];f] (ef]nf]{, 6fFsL, 66nf], taf] l;dL cflbsf] sf];f]) . 6f6
f]@ gf) != zL jf sg} j:t'df kfOg] wAaf bfu sn\s . @= zLsf] 3fpvl6f lgsf] ePkl5 a;
t . #= 5fk lrXg . $= hUufhldgsf] xLgtfaf]ws zAb . %= 89]sf] f]6Lsf] t'R5tfaf]ws zA
b . 6f6\g' gf) [6f6L g'] x]) 6f6\gf] . 6f6\g ] lj) [6f6\g ' P] 6f6\g';Fu ;DalGwt 6f6\g
fsf] . 6f6\gf] gf) [6f6L gf]] afv|f, kf8f cflbnfO{ 3fF; v'jfpg nx/} 3f]rf uf8L agfO
Psf] 6fF8 6f6\g' . 6f7f] lj) cfgf] sfd kmQ] ug{ l;kfn' rnfv af7f] 6l7nf] k'mlt{nf] .
7f] lj) 3Jojxf rnfpg, af]nrfn ug{ jf cfcbfnt wfpg l;kfn' r\v . 6f8L gf) [;+) kf6nL
pdf sfF8f x'g] nfdf 7"nf kft, ;]tf]ftf] ldl;Psf] k"mn ftf] clg af6'nf] kmn kmNg] j
[Ifljz]if To;sf] kmn . 6f9f lj) != b'O{ leGg 7fpF, ;do, ;DaGw cflbsf b[li6n] glhs
gePsf] w]} ksf] . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] l:yltdf w]} k . gf) #= To:tf] l:ylt c;fdLKo .
s'f gf) eljiosf] aft kl5sf] sf . 6f9fsf] ;fOg' b]a|] g bflxg' (pvfg) . 6fk gf) [;+) :
fks] 3f]8f, uwf cflbsf uf]8fsf] 6]Sg] efu 3f]8f cflbsf] v' . 6fkl6k gf) [l6k\ 6fk] l5
6k'm6 l6Kg] sfd w]yf] l6Kg] sfd ;fgf]ltgf] rf]L . > 6fkl6k] lj) ;fgfltgf j:t' rf]g{]
yf]} l6Kg] . 6fk'f] gf) [lk6] 6fk' 6Kk' Lk . 6fk' gf) [;+) Lk] rf}ltsf] l;dfgf k
] e"efu Lk . 6fkf] gf) [;+) :yfks] k]jf, sv'f, afO{ cflb rfx xfNg] sf]qmf] . 6fd6'
j) [c) d") (l))6'd\ c] != ePgePsf] sf ldnfP gag]sf] sfdnfO{ klg l7Ss kfg]{ uL . @= sl;
;fp jf tDtof x'g] 9fFrfdf . #= lskmfot;fy sfd rnfpg] lsl;dn] . lj) $= 7Ls7fs tDtof
. > 6fd6'd] 6fd]6d ' ] lj) kllrtxb]lv 6f9f uP jf yf]} vr{df ulg] (ljjfx cflb sfo{)
fod gf) [c\)] 6fOd ;do . 6fo gf) [c\)] df]6, ;fOsn cflbsf kf\uf| leqsf] xfjfsf]

6fs6's lqm) lj) [c) d") 6fs\ 6's] != k'ugk'u h;f]t;f] otfplt o;f]p;f] xfx' . @= 7Ls7Ls
fsg6'sg . gf) #= b'O{ j:t' Pscsf{df 7Ss vfFbf lg:sg] cfjfh . $= 7f8f t];f{ uL tfg]
sf wsf{df gf} sf]7f kfL aLraLrdf cf cfgf lrXg fv] v]lng] v]n . > 6fs6's] lj) ;a} s
;f] uL ldnfpg] sfdrnfp ;Lk ePsf] . 6fsg6'sg gf) != h;f]t;f] sfd kmQ] ug]{ tlsf 6fs6's
. @= ufO{hfqfdf s]6fs]6Lxn] nL k:kdf h'wfO{ v]Ng] Ps v]n xg'dfg\gfr . #= ;fgfltgf df
ndQf . $= ;fgf]ltgf] sfdsf] . %= ;fwf0f vfg]sf] . lj) ^= ;fwf0f . 6fs'L gf) [6fsf
fgf] 6fsf] ;fgf] r'nL ;fgf] l9:sf] . ~ sf] kf gf) slxNo} u] g;lsg] sfd jf wGbf . 6f
) [;+) :yfks6] != ;dtn hldgeGbf dfly p7]sf] e"efu kxf8sf] 6'Kkf] r'r'f] lzv . @= uh'
. 6flS;g' c) lqm) [6fS;] O g'] != lrGtfn] b'Anfpg' kLn] lvOFb} hfg' Vofpl6g' . @= km:6
g;Sg' ljsl;t x'g g;Sg' . > 6fS;] lj) lrGtfn] b'AnfPsf] 6flS;Psf] Vofp6] cljsl;t . 6f
gf) [;+) 6\u] v'f] uf]8f] 6fFu . 6f@ gf) [c) d") 6f\ c] efF8fsF8f jf 7"nf] 38L aHbf
cfjfh . 6f lqm) lj) To;L ah] . 6' gf) != 306f, 306L ePsf] 38L cflb aHbf lg:sg] z
lqm) lj) @= To:tf] Wjlgsf ;fydf . 6fg gf) x]) 6fFug . 3f]8f gf) 6fFug3f]8f . 6ff gf)
]) 6fFuf . 6f\g' ;)lqm)x]) 6fFUg' . 6fl\g' s)lqm)x]) 6fFlug' 6ff] gf)x]) 6fFuf] . 6f
m) lj) [c) d") 6f\ ] 6fsf] 7"nf] cfjfh lgSng] uL . 6f6 gf) != k|foM ;gkf6sf] wfufn] ag
OPsf] v;|f] afSnf] sk8f . @= 7"nf] sf]7f jf a}7sdf la5fpgsf nflu tof ulPsf] a'fjfn
fln;bf df]6f] sk8f . #= k;n]sf] u2L jf cf;g . lj) $= tGgd ula . %= b'Anf]kftnf] . p
N6fOkN6fO gf) jfl0fHoJoj;fodf a]xf]gk {' ]sf] eofgs c;kmntf . hf]fO gf) k]6 vfnL eP
nf sd} hf]lPh:tf] ePsf] cj:yf . 6f6L gf) k|foM tfO{k|b]zdf jf leqL dw];df kfOg] j[Ifl
z]if . 6f6L gf) [k|f) 6Oof] != uf]7 cflbsf] v'nf lsgff 5f]Kg :ofpnf afF;sf sK6]fn] a
gfOPsf] kbf{ kmlsf] . @= cf8f 5]sf . #= 6f6df a:g] ;do . l6sfO gf) yf]} a]sf] la;fO
;':tfO Ifl0fs lj>fd .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6f\g'l6lsg' An86'anfO{ Iff ug]{ aflxL efu . 6f\g' ;) lqm) [6f\ g'] != h]h;L eP
gjf{x ug'{ . @= ug'{kg]{ sfdsf] cfn6fn u] kG5fpg' rflxg]grflxg] sf u] sfddf l9nfO
#= sg} h'lQm uL s;}nfO{ gcfpg] kfg'{ kG5fpg' . $= latfpg' u'hfg'{ . 6f gf) [;+) :yfn]
kxf8sf] prfOdf cfbdffsf] jf u8tLsf] cf;kf;df x]sf] ;Dd 7fpF a];LeGbf s]xL dfly x]sf]
;Dd ynf] 6fxf (pbf) kf6f, ?Dhf6f, t'lDn6f, kfn'6f, O?6f O)) . 6flg' c) lqm) [
. s) lqm) @= 6g]{ kflg' . 6fL lj) [6f O{] != 6fsf] 6f ePsf 7fpFsf] . @= cUnf] . #=
sf] . v]t gf) csf;] emLn] dfq f]kfOF x'g ;Sg] pRrf] v]t . 6fn\g' ;) lqm) != efF8f cf
bsf] Kjfn k]sf] jf k'm6]sf] 7fpF ;fP 5f]Kg' . @= sk8f cflb kmf6]df 6fnf] nfpg' kf}nf
] dfg'{ . #= kG5fpg' 6fg'{ x6fpg' . 6fn gf) != sg} j:t'sf] ;d"x y'kf | ] f; 9] . @
fnL . 6fn6'n gf) [6fn\ (l))] != 6'6k ] m ' 6]sf efF8fdf ;fog xfn] jf kmf6]sf sk8fdf
6fnf] xfn] dd{t ug]{ sfd . @= 3kvf{n cflbsf] b'nf], wfFhf] cflbdf dd{t ug]{ sfd hL0
ff]{4f l:yTo'4f . #= cfn6fn ug]{ Jojxf cNofdNof . 6fnf 6'nL gf) [6fnf] 6fnf]] n'uf
sf6] ar]sf ;;fgf sk8fsf 6'qmf ;fgfltgf 6fnfxsf] ;d"x . 6flng' s) lqm) [6fnf] O g'] != s
8fsf] kmf6]sf] 7fpFdf 6fnf] cflb 5fk] l;pg' jf To;L l;P 5f]lkg' . @= efF8fs8 F f r'x
'g] ePsf 7fpFdf s]xL sf] ;fP aGb ulg' . #= kfgL, w"nf] cflb l5g]{ Kjfn sg} ;fwgff a
' . 6fnf] gf) != klxlg] n'ufsf kmf6]sf jf Kjfn k]sf 7fpFdf 5f]k] l;Og] sk8fsf] 6'qmf
] ;;fgf rsgf . @= sk8fsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] . #= hUufhldgsf] ;fgf] c+z kfvf] . $= sk8f j
:q . 6fon gf) [c\)] 5fgf] 5fpgdf pkof]u ul/g] df6f] jf l;d]G6sf] 7"nf] lemFu6L 6fOn
. 6fj gf) [c\)] ljleGg p2]Zon] agfOPsf] cUnf] a'hf{bf 3 . jfOug gf) != cUnf], xf]r
ug{ x'g] 6fj h8fg ulPsf] df]6uf8L . @= 6nL a; rNg] jf c cUnf] 7fpFsf] lah'nL x]g{ pko
f]u ulg] ;fwg . l6l6af; gf) [c) d")] k|foM gbLsf tLsf afn'jfdf k'mn kfg]{ sfuhqf] rf
l66fpF . l6pL! gf) [;+) tLj|O{] kxf8sf] r'r'f] lzv lta|L . l6pL@ gf) [l6p/f]O{]
f] l6p/f] .
508

l6pf]! gf) [;+) tLj|] l6pLeGbf 7"nf] r'r'f] . l6pf]@ gf) [c) d") l6pf]] xfF;sf] rNn
l6s\g c) lqm) [;+) l:yts g] != cK7ff] l:ylt jf ;dodf klg a:g ;Sg a:g xg . @= :y
] xg lbuf] xg cl8g y]lug . l6s gf) [;+) 6Lsf] != 7"n7"nf kft dl;gf kmn nfUg] Ps
hftsf] v cyjf KnfOp8 agfpg k|of]u ulg] To;}sf] sf7 . @= 5]pdf dl0f Tgx nls{g] uL h8]
femdf ljleGg af lgsfnL agfOPsf] 3fF6Ldf nfOg] rGb|fsf uxgf a]bf s07xf . l6s6 gf) [
!= a;, ]n, hxfh cflbdf ofqf ubf{ lbOPsf] ef8fsf] k|df0f hgfOPsf] sfutsf] 6qmf]
. @= rnlrq, k|bz{gL cflbdf l5g{sf nflu lt]sf] k|j]zb:tsf] k|df0fkq . #= xnfsff lr7
L k7fpFbf 6fFl;g], ;sfL tjdf lgisfl;t lrXgoQm ;fgf] sfuh xnfsl6s6 l6s; . $= bfgblIf
0ff k|bfg ug{ afFl8Psf] k|fdfl0fs sfuh bfgblIf0ffsf] l6s6 . ~ b:t gf) ;sfL sfof{no c
lbdf lgj]bg btf{ ubf{ lgodfg;f 6fF:gkg]{ l6s6 jf To;sf] d"No:jk hDdf ugk { g]{
?k}ofF . l6sl6s gf) [c) d") l6s\ c (l))] != 38L rNbf To;af6 nuftf lg:sg] zAb . @= ;fg
f] j:tn] sg} s7f] rLhnfO{ 7f]Sbf lg:sg] cfjfh . #= ;fgf rf, dfp;nL, lsy|f cflb sfp
Fbfsf] cfjfh . lqm) lj) $= To; k|sfsf sg} cfjfh pTkGg xg] uL . l6sl6s] gf) != l6sl6
s zAb u] af]Ng] lkm:6f]h:tf] ;fgf] rf] . lj) @= l6sl6s cfjfh ug]{ . ~ lsf] gf) pQfgf]
kfL eOFdf 5f]l8lbFbf l6Ss cfjfh u] pk|mg] sfnf] sf] ;fgf] sLf] . ~ 5]kff] gf) l6s
fjfh u] kR5 xNnfpg] Ps hftsf] 5]kff] . ~ Eofutf] gf) l6sl6s u] sfpg] ;fgf] Eofut
l6sgahL gf) [g]jf) ltsFahL] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] l6sgL eGg] 7fpFdf tof xg] c;n hft
sf] kftnf] lrpf . l6sdfnf gf) [l6s dfnf ] l6s j[Ifaf6 tof xg] KnfOp8 (l6sKnfO{) . l6
s lrXg gf) [l6s lrXg] != 7Ls xf] egL aemfpg] jf d"n k b]vfpg] ljz]if cfsfsf] (_ Ps lr
Xg (l6sdfs{) . l6sfO gf) [ l6s\ ( cfO)] l6Sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof y]ufO . [ > ] l6s
fOg s) lqm) l6Sg] tNofOg . l6sfp lj) w]} ;do vKg] w]} lbg l6Sg] vkjf l6sjf :yf
sfpg k|) ] lqm) l6Sg] tNofpg . l6sfL gf) [6Lsf cfL] ljhofbzdLsf] 6Lsf yfKg s;}sxfF
hfg] JolQm . l6lsg c) lqm) [l6s O g] l6Sg ;dy{ xg .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
509

l6lsofl6kl6k l7dl7dtL . l6lgSs lqm) lj) [c) d") l6lgs\ s] != Psbd sl;g] rfndf . @= zLd
f nufsk8f cflb ;fF3  f] xg] uL l6ldSs . lj) #= sl;Psf] sl;nf] . $= ;fF3f] . l6g
f) [;+) tL0f{ (lkmFlhPsf]] sg} j:t jf k|f0fLsf] ;d"x x"n eL8 . l6Gr gf) [c\) l6\Sr
vl6f cflbdf jf ;lgPsf] 7fpFdf nufOg] 8fS6L emf]n cf}ifwL l6Gr cfOl8g . l6Gg gf) [c)
d") l6g\ g] != 306L cflbsf] dw b|t Wjlg lems] . @= sl;g] jf c3fpg] uL . l6k\g ;)
) [l6k\ g] != sg} 7fpFaf6 rLhaLh PsPs uL lng kfn}l;t Pskl5 csf]{ lemSg . @= vaf6 k"
mn jf kmnx rF8\g . #= PsPs uL f}Fx pv]Ng . $= 6Ksfpg p8fpg . %= 3f]8r8Lsf] lgoGq
fdf gxL 3f]8f j]un] bf}8g . ^= sfsf k|;\udf csf{sf] sf pl5g] af]Ng . &= JolQm jf j
xsf] gfd n]Vg 6fFSg . *= eg]sf] t?Gt} ag . (= l56} cgs0f ug{ . !)= l;pFbf nfd
f km8\sf dfg{ . l6k! gf) [l6k\ c] != JolQm jf j:tsf gfd, ;fgfltgf Jojxf cflb n]lvP
sf] ;fgf] sfut l6kf]6 . @= kf]tfdf ltg{kg]{ Ps lsl;dsf] b:t . #= hGd]sf] If0fsf]
lbg, flz, gIfq cflb n]lvPsf] l6kg hGdklqsf nUgs08nL . $= ulGhkmfsf] v]ndf bO{ rSsL
n] Ps rSsLnfO{ lhTg] bfp . %= 8sdL{ jf jh|sdL{n] bO{ OF6sf] r]kdf lbg] l6ksfLsf]
d;nf . l6k@ gf) [c\)] != ofqL cflbn] kyk|bz{snfO{ jf vfg cfpg]n] xf]6]nsf a]ofxnfO{
lbg] alS;; . @= sg} klg ;]jf u]afkt s;}nfO{ lbOg] cltlQm yk sd . #= 6s cflb uf8Ln] P
s k6sdf 9jfgL ug{ jf cf];fg{ ;Sg]hlt kl0ffd . l6ksf gf) [l6k sf] leQf], ufx|f] cflbsf
OF6sf hf]gL{hf]gL{df jh|, l;d]G6 cflb nufpg] sfd jf To:tf] nufpg] JolQm . > l6k
sfL gf) != l6ksf . lj) @= l6ksf ulPsf] jf ug]{ (JolQm) . l6k6k gf) [c\)] lrl6Ss, lrl
. l6k6fk gf) [l6k\ 6fk] != 5lPsf ;fgfltgf j:tx l6Kg] sfd 6fkl6k l6kg6fkg . @= s;}sf]
fn ;6S  s lnP hfg] sfd . > l6k6fk] lj) yfxf glbO{ p7fP nfg] rf] . l6kl6k gf) [c) d"
l6k\ c (l))] != yf]Knfyf]KnL kfgL kbf{ jf v:bf cfpg] zAb . lqm) lj) @= To;L zAb cfp
g] uL > l6kl6k] lj) != l6kl6k cfjfh lgsfNg] . gf) @= rf]nL, Anfph, rf}aGbL cflb nu
fpFbf 5]p5]pdf hl8Psf] hf]lN6Psf] 6fFs efn]kf]yL 6fFs .

l6lsof gf) [6Lsf] Oof] != 6Lsfh:t} uf]n ;;fgf] j:t . @= cf}ifwL cflbsf] ;fgf] af6
nf] rSsL cf}ifwLsf] y]Krf] uf]nL . l6sL gf) [l6sf] O{] != lgwfdf nufOg] ;g, sfFr, Kn
fl:6s cflbsf] ;fgf] 6Lsf l6snL . @= l6sf] (afnaf]nLdf) . ~ 6f;6f; gf) c;fjwfgLsf ;fy
blIf0ff glbO{ l6sf] nufOlbg] sfd . l6s'nL gf) [yf)] != ;fgf] l6sf] l6sf]sf] nflu
k|oQ ' m n3'tfaf]ws zAb . @= :qLhfltn] lgwfdf 6fF:g] ;'g, sfFr cflbsf] ;fgf] l6sf
] . l6s'jf lj) [l6s\pjf] l6sfp w]} l6Sg] vkfp vKg] . l6s] lj) [l6sf]P] != l6sf] nfp
@= 6Lsf6Lsf ePsf] (;k{ cflb) . #= s;}sf] cfzLjf{b kfO{ 7fpFdf k'u]sf] . l6sf] gf)
[6Lsfcf]] != b]jdlGbsf] k|;fbsf kdf jf zf]efsf lglDt lgwfdf nufOg] rGbg, l;Fb " , cl
a, cIftf cflb ltns . @= cflZjg dlxgfsf] z'SnkIfsf] bzdL ltly ljhofbzdL b;}F . 6fnf]
f) != o1fGt jf wfld{s pT;j cflbdf l6sf] nufpg] sfd . @= wfld{s ljlwcg';f lax]sf]
sf] l5Gg] sfo{ hg};'kfL jfUbfg . #= jfUbfgsf lbg jjw"nfO{ nufOg] l6sf] jf lbOg] j:t'
l6SsL gf) [l6s\ sL] != u'hff ug]{ 7fpF l6Sg] 7fpF . @= hLljsf j[lQ . l6\u gf) [;+)
) 6Fuf] . > l6\u]l6\uf] lj) != cUnf], b'Anf] jf kftnf] Vofp6] . @= PSn] l7\uf] .
lj) [l6\u O\8] != b'Anf] cUnf] zL pleP jf PSn} xg] uL l7\u . lj) @= ;j{;fwf0f
bf leGg 5'f k'mf . l67 gf) [;+) t[i0ff] != tLj| nfnr wLt ;Gt'li6 . @= dfgl;s t[i0ff
= cGo k|f0fLdfly ulg] dfgjtfsf] Jojxf bof s?0ff . ~ nfUbf] lj) dfofnfUbf] bofnfUbf]
f . > l67f] lj) 6L7nfUbf] dfofnfUbf] . l6l7g' c) lqm) [6L7 O g'] != 6L7nfUbf] x'g' dfo
Ubf] x'g' . @= nf]enfUbf] x'g' nf]leg' . > l67fO gf) l6l7g] tyf l67fpg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . l67fOg' s) lqm) l6l7g] agfOg' 6L7nfUbf] kflg' . l67fpg' k|) ] lqm) l6l7g]
kfg'{ nf]enfUbf] agfpg' 6L7nfUbf] t'Nofpg' . l6g gf) [c\)] != f, kmnfd cflb ld;fO{ ag
OPsf] Ps k|sfsf] ldl>t wft' . @= To;}sf] 9\jf jf af . l6gl6g gf) [c) d") l6g\ c (l))]
= ;;fgf 306Lx aHbfsf] cfjfh . @= k'mlt{nf] rfnn] l6lDsP lxF8\g] tlsf l7dl7d . lqm) l
j) #= To:tf] cfjfh pTkGg x'g] uL jf To;L lxF8\g] uL . > l6gl6gtL lqm) lj) l7dl7dtL .
l6lgs l6lgs lqm) lj) [c) d") l6lgs\ c (l))] l6gl6gtL

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

l6kgl6Dd'/ l6kg gf) [;+) l6Kk0fL] != sg} sfdsfsf] 5f]6sL ljj0f . @= hGd]sf] lbg, fl
fq cflb n]v]sf] ;fgf] sfuh 5f]6sL lrXg hGdklqsf nUgs08nL . #= k};f e'QmfgL u]sf] ;fgf
l;b . $= ;|]:tfsf] l6kf]6 . 6fkg gf) != sfdrnfp lsl;dn] tof kflPsf] l6kf]6 . @= l6k
l6kf]6 . #= l6k6fk . $= l;nf];Fufnf] l;nf]afnf] . l6kfO gf) [ l6k\ ( cfO)] != l6Kg] s
fd l6kf]6 tofufO . @= l6k6fk . [ > ] l6kfOg s) lqm) l6Kg] jf l6kfpg] sfd ufOg . l6k
fpg k|) ] lqm) l6Kg] jf l6kfpg] sfd ufpg . l6lkg s) lqm) l6Kg] sfd ulg PsPs uL le
lsg . l6kjf lj) != sg} sf l6k]sf] l6kf]6 ulPsf] ptflPsf] ptf ulPsf] . @= l6k]
qmd}n] PsPs uL lnOPsf] . $= l3pt]ndf e6]sf] (tsfL) . l6k]S; [c\)] gf) n]v]sf] cIf d
g k|of]u ulg] ;]tf] sf] b|j jf n]bf] . l6k}6fl6k}tf gf) [l6k P]6fP]tf] != jgh\unsf k
kfgf v jf sf7 ;sfn] g} s6fgL uL laqmL ug]{ sfd . @= To;L a]lrg] kfgf v jf sf7 . l
f) [l6k\ cf]] l6Kg] sfd cgs0f gSsn . l6kf]6 gf) [l6k\ cf]6] != sg} sf 5f]6sLdf n]l
l6kg . @= ;\If]kdf n]Vg] sfd l6kfO . #= l;nfOsf] Ps lsl;dsf] 9fFrf . l6Kk0fL gf) [;
+)] != s7f] u"9 cy{sf] JofVof 6Lsf . @= ljz]if sf ;Demfpg l6lkg] ;fgf] n]v . #= sg}
olQm jf ljifosf af]df k|s6 ulg] ljrf sg} ;flxlTos sljtf, n]v cflbdf ulg] ;dfnf]rgf .
= hNbf]aNbf] sg} 36gfsf af]df ;Dkfbsn] k|s6 u]sf] ljrf . %= ;fgf] lrgf hGdklqsf l6Kkg
. ^= sg} sfsf] 1fkg . &= sg} sfo{sf af]df k|s6 ulg] ;\lIfKt ljrf sg} lgj]bgaf] ;
ffTds k|ltlqmof n]Vg] cfgf] 7x;lxt dflyNnf] txdf :jLs[ltsf nflu k]; ulg] ;\lIfKt n]v
. (pbf) l6Kk0fL p7fpg afFsL x]sfn] lgj]bgdf sfafO{ xg afFsL 5) . l6Kkf gf) [l6k\ kf]
!= sg} sfd l56f] ufpg] tflstf ttflstf bk]6\g] sfd clt k|]0ff . @= kj{tsf] 6Kkf] r
v . #= sfd jf k|ltof]lutfdf s;}nfO{ kflg] kfho pl5gfO . l6Knf gf) [l6k\ nf] v]nsf] k|T
]s k6s . l6a6f] ad{g lj) [c\ ) ] ltAatLb] l v ad] { n L eflifs kljf;Ddsf] ef]6ad]{nL
. l6aL gf) [c\)] dGb Hj cfOxg] kmf]S;f]nfO{ la:tf} dfOqmf]AofS6]lof gfds sL6f0fn]
ulxg] dxff]u Ifof]u fhoIdf (6asnl] ;;) .
510

l6eL gf) [c)] 6]lnlehg b"bz{g . l6d6fd lj) [c) d") l6d\ c (l))] != af]nL, klxg, rfn
f 5fF6sfF6 ldNg] uL lrl6Ss 6fd6d . @= sl;s;fp jf ;lh;hfp 7fF6afF6 t8se8s . gf) #= To
;L ldNg], 7Ls xg] jf ;lh;hfp xg] sfo{ . l6ldSs lqm) lj) [c) d") l6lds\ s] != klxgdf
sl;s;fp xg] uL 7fFl6nf] eP . @= sl;nf] k|sfn] 6Dd . #= ;fgf]ltgf] pGgltdf klg dflQg
] uL udSs . lj) $= sl;s;fp 7fFl6nf] jf ulDsnf] . l6ldnf] gf) 7"n7"nf v;|f kft ;]tf]
f]qmf] xg], sf08af6 lg:s]sf nxfdf vlgpFsf h:tf kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] v To;}sf] kmn cl
Gh ltldnf] . l6d gf) kkofpg] ;uGwL bfgf kmNg], nfdfnfdf kft xg] sfF8fjfn Ps hftsf]
To;}sf] dLrh:t} kmn l6Dd . > l6dlg c) lqm) != l6dem}F gL; xg lgrf]lg . @= 6
;sf] xg l6lDsg rlDsg . l6d] gf) != a:tefpnfO{ 3fF; vjfOg], bfpf afNbf k8\lsg],
emG8} cfFksf h:tf xlof kft ePsf] Ps j[If . lj) @= l6d;Fu ;DalGwt l6d/sf] . #= gf
lKkPsf] ;]vLbf 3dG8L . l6dofO gf) l6dlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l6dofOg s) lqm
lg] kflg . l6dofpg k|) ] lqm) l6dlg] kfg{ 6f]{ ldhf;sf] agfpg . l6dofx6 gf
O . l6Dsg c) lqm) [l6ldSs g] != uj{ jf 3dG8n] kmNg lgkmlNsg uDsg . @= 6f]{ ldhf
sf] xg l6dlg . #= csf{nfO{ guGg] xg . $= l6ldSs kg{ . > l6DsfO gf) l6Dsg] ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l6DsfOg s) lqm) l6Dsg] kflg . l6Dsfpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) l6D
sg] kfg{ . l6lDsg c) lqm) != l6Dsg . @= l6ldSs klg . l6Ds] lj) [l6ldSs P] != dflQ
Psf] a9]r9]sf] l6lDsPsf] . @= l6ldSs k]sf] v"a sl;Psf] . ~ rf]nL gf) v"a sl;Psf] jf 5
fF6 k]sf] rf]nf] Anfph . l6DSofO gf) [ l6lDs ( ofO)] l6lDsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
> ] l6DSofx6 gf) l6lDsg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf l6DSofO . l6Daf gf) ;fn, l;;f}, ;vjf
cflb s6fgL uL lg:s]sf] df]6f] rfSnf] sf7 lgbfn, blng cflb xfNg xg] ofn, 9f]sf, bfh
, s;L{ cflb agfOg] rfkf6f kfL tf5]sf] 7"nf] sf7 l6Ddf . @= hfnLleq ?jf tu] agfOPsf] l
;s . l6Dd lqm) lj) [6Dd] r sl;g] uL (zLdf nufPsf nuf ldNg] lsl;d) 6Dd l6ldSs l6lg
. 6fDd lj) sl;s;fp . l6Ddf gf)x]) l6Daf . l6Dd/ gf)x]) l6d/ .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
511

l6l6/6Os F ] l6NNofO gf) [ l6lNn ( ofO)] l6Nn xg] jf l6lNng] lqmof k|lqmof . [ > ] l
NNofOg s) lqm) l6Nn tNofOg . l6NNofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) l6Nn xGh]n;Dd vfg k]6
6Gg kfg{ . l6;L gf) [6;f]] :qLof]lgsf] leq dflyNnf] efudf kzof]lgsf] tNnf] ef
udf xg] sfdf]Qh ] s df+;t08 eusf] 68 F f] eugfl;sf gfL jf kf]yL hfltsf] dl0f . 6L
sf gf) [;+)] != sg} kb, kbfjnL, jfSo, cgR5]b u|Gyxsf] cy{ :ki6 uL n]lvPsf] JofVof c
{ efio . @= lgwfdf nufOg] rGbg, cla, l;Fb" cflb l6sf] ltns . #= yf]Knf] . $= bfu . %=
dfO{ cflb f]usf lj?4 klxn] g} ulg] vf]k . sf gf) sg} u|Gysf] 6Lsf jf efio n]Vg] JolQ
JofVofsf . sf] kfOtf] gf) ljhofbzdLsf lbg ulg] k|:yfg . sf] ;fOt gf) ;a}eGbf c;n jf
d|f] ;fOt . l6Kk0fL gf) rrf{klrrf{df cfPsf ljifosf] u0fbf]if 5fpg] sfd cfnf]rgf
. gf) @= ;fgf 7"nf 6Lsfsf] ;d"x . 6L7 gf) x]) l67 . nfUbf] lj) x]) l67 nfUbf] . 6L)
aL) gf) [c\)] l6aL /f]u Ifo/f]u . 68fn gf) [g]jf) t'gfl;F] 3 agfpFbf uf/fdf 6]sfO 5
\s] kfL flvg] kfgLanf] c8\ofpg] sf7 . 6'l8v]n gf) [g]jf) t'lgVon] != sf7df8f}Fsf] Tgk
fs{b]lv tf]k3;Ddsf] v'nf d}bfg . @= l;kfxLn] sjfh v]Ng] rfSnf] d}bfg (k]8u|fpG8) .
6'8] gf) [6'F8f]P] != afnL nufO;s]sf] afLdf km]l hf]Tbf afnL vfg glbgsf nflu uf]?, k
f8f cflbsf d'vdf nufOg] k]?
\uf] df]xnf . lj) @= nfdfnfdf 6'F8f x'g] em'';] . #= d'v
fn] y't'g] . 6'8];f] gf) [6'F8f]P;f]] != b"w vfFb}sf af5faf5L jf kf8fkf8LnfO{ dfp;Fu
5f]8\bf lbpF;f] b"w vfg gkfcf];\ egL d'vdf b'Or { R ' r] 8G8L xfnL afFlwg] pks0f
. @= (l; jf emf]s kf]Vg] cy{df) tn kbfy{ vfg] sfd (pbf) s]6fs]6LnfO{ klg slt 6'F8]
;f] nfOxg'kg]{ xf] ) . 6'8f] gf) [;+) t'08] != ux'F, hf}, wfg cflbdf x'g] em'; . @=
d'v nfu] af]Ng]sf] d'v rf]yf] . #= r'Rrf] . $= sndsf 6fFsfsf] 6'Kkf] . 6'O gf) [c) d
")] sf]dn 7fpFdf k]sf] ;fgf] Kjfn (dnf cflb) af6 xfjf l5bf{ lg:sg] Wjlg . 6'Osg6Ol
) lqm) [c) d") 6Os F \ (O) g] ndnd lxF8\g km6fkm6 uf]8f rfNg 6OF6OFtL lxF8g .
@= dg{ a]kQf xg ;Os F g . 6Os ] lj) [6'OS F sP] != 6'OS F s k] lxF8g \ ] .
6'OS F s cfjfh cfpg] . ~ xf8 gf) lgtDasf] xf8 .

l6l6 gf) [c) d") l6\c (l))] != sLfkm6f
\uf | cflb sfpFbfsf] cfjfh lg:sg] uL . gf)
cfjfh jf Wjlg . > l6l6tL lqm) lj) cem} l6l6 u] . l6l6] lj) != l6l6 cfjfh lgsfNg
] (;fgf] x'Ssf) . l6l6{] gf) [l6{ (l))P] != l6l6 . @= kftnf] lb;f nfUg] f]u kvfnf
lj) #= To:tf] f]u nfu]sf] 5]?jf 6']{ . l6{ lqm) lj) [c) d") l6\] != kftnf] kbfy{
kfgL O)) j]un] emg]{ uL l6L{ nfUg] rfnn] . @= ;;fgf sLf sfpFbfsf] em}F Wjlg lgsfn] .
f) #= To;L embf{ jf sfpFbf pTkGg x'g] Wjlg . l6{ gf) nuftf l6{ Wjlg lg:sg] uL . l6
[l6{ O{] != kftnf] lb;f kvfnf l6l6{] . l6L{@ gf) [6f]{] sg} sfdf ulg] lh2L 6]s
> l6L{jfn lj) 3dG8L 6]sL cledfgL ;]vLjfn . l6of{O gf) [ l6of{p ( cfO)] l6of{pg] j
;f ufpg] lqmofk|lqmof . > l6of{Og s) lqm) tsf]{, l6L{ cflb emflg kftnf] lb;f ulg
6of{pg ;) lqm) [l6L{ ofp g] != kvfnf lgsfNg kftnf] lb;f ug{ 5]g{ . @= tSof{pg .
n lj) [c) d")] != hfF8, S;L a9L vfP dflQPsf] 6Gg ePsf] . @= c3fPsf] . gf) #= efF8fsF
8f, gfp cflbsf] la6 . > l6nl6n lqm) lj) k"} l6n xg] uL . @= 3fpvl6fsf] kmf]sf] kLk
elP km6\nfh:tf] xg] u/L . l6nl6ntL lqm) lj) != elg] jf c3fpg] uL . @= l6nl6n eP . l
nlkn lqm) lj) [c) d") l6n\ c ;+) kLn\] != kfgL cflb efF8fdf kf]lvg] xfntdf kuGh]n la
6;Dd elP 6nkn . @= aQL cflb aNbf dwf] eP jf lgEg]lgEg] 5fF6n] . l6lnSs lqm) lj) [c)
) l6n\ > l6lns\ s] emNsg], pHofnf] lbg] jf rds lbg] lsl;dn] . l6nf] gf) != d]sf lbgb
]lv b; lbg;Dd l9sfdf ulg] >f4df r9fOg] kmnfdsf] blIf0ff jf e]6L . @= ?lkofFk};f, ;f
dfg cflb (lgGbfy{ jf Ifb|fy{df) . l6Nn lqm) lj) [c) d") l6n\ n] != l6n xg] uL (vfg
] lsl;d) . @= l6lnSs . > l6lNng c) lqm) != a9L vfgf vfP k]6 plS;g a];L vfP k]6 6G
g xg h]lng 6lGgg . @= zLsf] sg} cjoj kmNg ;lGgg . l6Nnf] gf) [;+) tL] != t
sf] rf}3 ] f . @= kxf8 cflbsf] yDsf] jf l9:sf] .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6OS s6'
U \ ofO 6'OS s lqm) lj) [c) d") 6'Os F \ s] != 6'OFlsg] lsl;dn] . @= 6'O
g pTkGg x'g] uL . #= j]uk"js { 6'O F o ;'O Fo. 6'OSofO gf) [ 6'Ols (ofO)] 6'OFls
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6'OSofOg' s) lqm) 6'OFlsg] kflg' . 6'OSofpg' ;) lqm) != 6Gg s;] ;'
of{pg' s;] afFWg' . @= d'bf{nfO{ bfx;+:sfsf nflu d;fg3f6df n}hfg' . #= ckfgjfo' 5f8
\g' . $= lng'kg]{ sf] hf]h'n'd u] p7fpg' w8fpg' . %= eufpg' . 6'OSofx6 gf) 6'OFSof
'O gf) [c) d") 6'OF (l))] != a8f] k'mtL{;fysf] lxF8fO km6fkm6L ndndL . @= 6GSofP afFW
] tlsf . #= ckfgjfo' cflb nuftf lg:sFbf ;'lgg] cfjfh . $= nfDv'] cflb sfpFbfsf] Wjlg
. lqm) lj) %= To:tf] lxF8fO, tlsf jf Wjlg pTkGg x'g] uL . > 6'O6'OtL lqm) lj) To;L c
m l56f] lxF8\b}, afFWb} jf Wjlg lgsfNb} . 6'Oo lqm) lj) [c) d") 6'O F o] 6'Os F f] c
fjfh Ps} v]kdf cfpg] uL 6'OFSs . 6'On gf) [c
\) l6\jn] v];sf] a'gf]6h:tf] uL a'lgPsf]
afSnf]afSnf], gd ;"tL sk8f . 6's! gf) [;+) :tf]s] != 6'qmf] . @= s8f j:t'nfO{ lxsf
{pFbf jf afnsn] e'O{+df sNrFbf pTkGg x'g] dl;g' cfjfh . 6's@ gf) [;+) t'
\u] sg} j:t'
nfO{ hf]vtf}n jf eg]{ sfdsf] 7Ls kldf0f 6'sgL . 6's6's lqm) lj) [c) d") 6's \ c (l))]
!= s8f j:t'nfO{ nuftf lxsf{pFb} . @= 6's6's 6's6's . gf) #= w]} 6'qmfsf] ;d'bfo 6
ePsf] ljv08g . > 6's6'stL lqm) lj) != 6's6 s ' . @= 6'qmf6qmf xg] uL . #= 6ssf]
Wjlg pTkGg xg] uL . 6s8f gf) [;+) :tf]s] != 6qmf v08 . > 6s8L gf) != kmf}hxsf] ;
;fgf] PsfO jf ljefu ;fgf] ;}lgsbn . @= ;;fgf] 6qmf] . 6s8f] gf) 7f]; kbfy{sf] ;f
gf] efu 6qmf] . 6lsrf gf) [g]jf)] g]jf ;dbfodf k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . 6sL! gf)
[6\jfs] dLt]nsf] aQL afNg] df6f], l6g cflbsf] ;fgf] efF8f] aQL afNg] l8laof l9a|L skL
. 6sL@ gf) [g]jf) tsL] g]jfhftsf :qLxn] sfgdf nx} nfpg] ;gsf] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . 6
sr ' f gf) [g]jf) t'sr F f] b'O{ kfvfsf] 5fgfsf] hf]gL{df pQfg' kfL flvg] 8'F8sf cfs
fsf] lemFu6L . 6'sr ' f gf) [g]jf) t'sr 'F f] sf7df8f}F ;xdf afuahfglhs eP aUg] ;fgf]
gbL OIf'dtL . 6's'6's'6's'g6's'g gf) [ 6's6's] != afnsxsf] ev{ lxF8\g nfUbfsf] lxF8f
6's'/6's'/ . lqm) lj) @= (;fgf afns lxF8\bf) nl8Pnf ls h:tf] u] .
512

6'sg ' L gf) [6'spgL]] != Ps kfpsf] tf}n . @= kfFr d'7L jf cfwf dfg' cGg, t]n cflb
eg]{ efF8f] . #= tf}ndf Ps kfp jf cfwf dfgfsf] kldf0f . lj) $= kfpelsf] . %= cfwf
dfgf] . 6's/ ' 6's/ ' gf)[ 6's6's] != x]) 6's6 ' s ' ' 6'sg ' 6'sg ' . @= lqm)lj)
nl8Pnf ls h:tf] u/]/, aRrfn] aNntNn lxF8h ] :tf] u/]/ 6's'6's' . 6'Ssf gf) [6'qmf
]] != sg} sljtf jf uLtsf] ;fgf] c+z kfpsf] clGtd efu . @= sljtf jf uLtsf] b'O{b'O{
r0fsf] clGtd zAb jf zAbsf] kmfFsL ldnfpg] sfd cGTofg'k|f; . #= cleJo~hgfk"0f{ 6'q
m] jfSo jf jfSof+z d'xfaf . (pbf) slG;L tfTg' d'v nfUg', gfs sf6\g' O)) . ~ hf]g'{ 6'
6'Ssf ldnfpg' . 6'SsL gf) [yf)] yfhfltsf gfLxn] gfsdf nufpg] ;fgf] k"mnL . 6'qmf gf)
[6'qmf]sf] lt) )] sg} 7f]; kbfy{sf] ;fgf] efu c+z ;;fgf s0f . ~ 6fqmL gf) ;;fgf 6'qm
fxsf] ;d"x v]tafLsf ;;fgf efu (pbf) o;kfln u}x|L v]tsf 6'qmf6fqmL a]Rg'k]sf] 5) . 6'l
qmg c) lqm) [6qmf] O g] sg} 7f]; j:t km6] 6qmf6qmf xg ;;fgf] efu xg] uL km
jf 5lg . 6qmSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6qms \ s] a:bf bO{ vf rfsn] dfq eOF{ 5g] u
a:bf p8\sn ] f df] a:g] lsl;dn] . 6qmf] gf) [;+) :tf]s] != sg} 7f]; j:taf6 5lPsf]
;fgf] efu c+z 6s8f . lj) @= 5lPsf] 6lqmPsf] vl08t . 6So | fO gf) [ 6lqm ( ofO)]
f] kfg]{ jf 6qmf] xg] lqmof k|lqmof . [ > ] 6So | fOg s) lqm) 6qmfdf kl0ft ufOg
 . 6S|ofpg k|]) lqm) 6qmf6qmf kfg{ vl08t tNofpg . 6vn gf) [g]jf) tvn] pv
k]n] ; lgsfn]kl5 afFsL x]sf] 5f]qmf vf]Onf] . 6 gf) jfg, ;uf cflbaf6 v]tafLsf] af
L gf]S;fg xg glbg ]vb]vsf nflu s] a:g] cUnf] drfg jf 6fF8 o:t} sfdsf nflu ag]sf] cUn
f] 5fk|f] jf 7fF6L 6xf] . 6l\ ug c) lqm) [6u \ f] O g] != sg} sfdsfafO{sf] 6u
lsgff nfUg lgwf] xg . @= l;l4g ;lsg ;dfKt xg . 6\uf] gf) [;+) 6u{] != sg} d
jf 3Jojxfsf] ;dflKt sg} sfd jf sfsf] lgwf] lg0f{o . @= lglZrt cjlw ;Ldf xb . #= t
] :yfg jf ;do Dofb . $= 7]ufgf kQf . 6U \ ofO gf) [ 6l \ u ( ofO)] != 6u \ f] nfU
6U \ ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [6U \ ofp cfO] @= 6U \ ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6
\UofOg s) lqm) 6\uf] nufOg ;dfKt ulg . 6\UofpgL gf) ;dflKt pk;+xf . 6U \ o
m)

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
513

6\gf6KnSs 6G6] lj) [66L P] != xft sfl6Psf] Psxft] 76] . gf) @= k?if]lGb|o (lgGb
jf ufnLsf] cy{df) . 6Gg lqm) lj) [c) d") 6g \ g] != vfFbf c;fWo} k]6 plS;g] uL 6G
g l6Nn . @= v"al;t 9fl8g] jf kmNg] uL . > 6lGgg c) lqm) != ;fdfGoeGbf a9L vfP k]6
pS;g l6Nn xg 8]lng . @= k]6 9fl8g kmNg . 6GGofO gf) k]6 6Gg xg] lqmof jf l
sl;d . 6GGofpg ;) lqm) k]6 6Gg kfg{ l6NNofpg . 6Gofxf lj) [6gf ofxf] != 6gfd
gf ug{ l;kfn 6gf ug]{ dxgL nufpg] . @= tGqdGq u] cnfO{ bMv kofpg] . 6lkg gf)
] ljBtt \ \unfO{ hf]8g \ ] jf 5ofpg] bOr { f];] Kns . 6kL [6kf] O{] j}lbs ljlwcg
;f lzdf k|foM uf]kR5k|df0fsf] gvf}L flvPsf] f}Fsf] ;d"x lzvf r"8f 6KkL . ~ sf g
L;d]t vf} ] ;GGof;wd{ lnPsf] JolQm (;GGof;L, hf]uL O)) . lj) @= 6kL;d]t vf}s ] f] 6
\ s] != PSsfl; b]vf kg]
kL sf6]sf] 6kL gePsf] . 6kS  s lqm) lj) [c) d") 6ks 
{ uL 6KnSs . @= xNsf;Fu eOd +{ f a:g] uL 6qmSs ykS s. #= l6Ktf xn lsl;dn] rFl8
] jf xftdf cfpg] uL 6kSs . 6k6  k   lqm) lj) [c) d") 6k \ p ( l))] != l6Kg] a]nfd
kmnk"mn cflb wdfwd xftdf cfpg] uL 6k6k . @= rxFbf yf]kfyf]kf emg]{ uL tktk tkt 
k  . 6Kkf gf) [6Kkf]sf] lt) )] x]) 6Kkf] . ~ 6KkL gf) ;fgfltgf xfFuflaFuf 6K
kf cflbsf] ;d"x 6Kkfxsf] ykf |] . 6lKkg c) lqm) [6Kkf] O g] != 6Kkfdf kUg 6K
;Dd 5g . @= xnSs a9] xb};Dd kUg a];L ;lk|g . #= wg, dfg, OHht cflbsf] dbn] dfl
Qg r9]a9]sf] xg klxn] aLr}df 6Ks] xg]vfg] eO{ 3dG8L xg . 6KkL gf)x]) 6kL lzvf
r"8f . 6Kkf] gf) [;+) :t"k] != nfdf] cfsfsf] 7f]; j:tsf] dflyNnf] c+z cu|efu . @=
sg} vsf] cfsfzlt rlnPsf] efu . #= kxf8sf] rnL 6fsf] lzv . lj) $= 6lKkPsf] dfl:
. 6KKofO gf) [ 6lKk ( cfO)] 6lKkg] lqmof jf k|lqmof 6Kkfdf kUg] sfd . [ > ] 6K
KofOg s) lqm) 6lKkg] kfl/g 6Kkfdf kofOg . 6KKofpg k|) ] lqm) 6lKkg] kfg{ 6
Kkfdf kofpg . 6KKofx6 gf) 6KkfO . 6KnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6Kns \ s] != cs:dft
\ b]lvg] jf b]vf kg]{ uL PsfPs cfOkUg] rfndf . @= cgfof; e]6 xg] uL hDsfe]6 eP . >
6KnlSsg c) lqm) PsfPs cfOkUg 6KnSs cfOkUg .

!= 6u \ f] nufpg lgwf] xg] kfg{ . @= ;dfKt ug{ l;4fpg . 6g \ f gf) [c) d") 6
cfsfdf ;f\uLh:tf], rfj6f ];dsf tf h]lnPsf], Eofutf jf e]8Lsf 5fnfn] df]]sf] gSvL
fn] ahfOg], k|foM nfdf, ;]kf{, tfdf u?hfltdf k|rlnt nf]safhf . 66 \ g c) lqm) [6
6 \ g] != sg} 7f]; j:t 6lqmg efFlrg . @= km6 xg cnlUug 56\g . #= f]lsg a
xg . $= ;DaGw cflbsf] ljR5]b xg . > 66 gf) 66g \ ] sfd . 66km6 lj) 66k ]
m  6]sf] 6"6k"m6 . 66fO gf) 66g \ ] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 6 6 fOg s) lqm) 6 6 \
g ] t N ofOg . 6 6 fpg k| ] ) lqm);) lqm) != 66fpg 5f]8g \ nufpg . @= efFR
g tf]8g \ . 6l6g s) lqm) 5f]l8g Toflug . 66 lj) [;+) q6] != km6]sf] 66s ] f
] 56s ] f] 66 . gf) @= ] m  6]sf] 3f6f 6f 8fs gf]S;fg . > 66 km6 lj) != 66k
u|]sf] gf]S;fg . @= 56km6 . 6l6nf]6l6Nsf] gf) 7f]lsP jf cf3ft k] lgwf jf 6fpsfdf
]sf] kmf]sf] 6l6Nsf] 66Nsf] . 66L gf) [;+) qf]l6] !=s?jf, sd08n, emfL cflbsf] k
fgL v;fNg] ;fgf] 66f] wftsf] gfnfaf6 NofOPsf] wffsf] 66f] . ~ emff] gf) != rf}df p
d|g] b"af]h:tf] Ps yL emf . lj) @= Hofb} lgD5f] gfhs . ~ wff] 66Ljfn wff] 66L eP
ff] . 66 ] lj) [66L P] != 66L ePsf] 66Ljfn . 66f] gf) [66L cf]] s?jf, emfL, 6fFk
cflb efF8faf6 kfgL rxfpg hl8Psf] ;fgf] gnL To;}sf] 6Kkf] . @= snwffsf] dvd } f
kfgL vf]Ng] aGb ug]{ rsn ePsf] kfgL rxg  ] efu . 6f gf) [;+) 66 \ cf] != Jofkf
oj;fodf a]xf]gk { g]{ gf]S;fgL 3f6f 8fs xflg . 6gf gf) [;+) w"g (sfd]sf])] != sg}
QmnfO{ cfgf] jzdf lng ulg] emfkms jf tGqdGqsf] k|of]u df]lxgL clerflqmof . ~ dgfd
gf) jzdf kfg{ ulg] 6gfdf]xgLsf] k|of]u clerf;DaGwL sfd . 6gfn gf) [g]jf) tgfl;F]
x]) 6F8fn . 6gL gf) [;+) t0fL] != ;;fgf kft xg,] ;]tf emKk] k"mn kmNg] xf]h
{ :tf] kmn kmNg] Ps j[If To;} j[Ifsf] kmn . @= afhf cflb agfpg k|of]u xg] ;lnf]
:j lg:sg] To;}sf] sf7 . 6g]dg] lj) [6gf P dxg  L P] != 6gfdgf ug]{ . gf) @= wfdL
. #= af]S;L . 6g; ] f] gf) ;;fgf af5faf5L cflbn] dfp;Fu rgdf hfFbf b"w grf]g\ egL
gfssf] 8fF8Ldfl:t rf]s] kf] afFlwg] sf7 .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6d6]9f] 6d gf) [6u \ f]] lu v]ndf uf]n xg] 7fpF jf 6\uf] lu v]nsf] uf]n . 6dS
m) lj) [c) d") 6d\ > 6ds\ s] != nuf, sk8f ldn] 5ltf] uL 6Dd l6ldSs . @= 5fF6 ldNg]
lsl;dn] lrl6Ss . 6d]lu gf) [6d P lu] 6d s6fO{ v]lng] Ps lsl;dsf] lu v]n . 6df}6]!
[tdf}6] ] tfdf] wftsf] sff]af ug]{ JolQm tdf}6] . 6df}6@ ] lj) [6d6d cf}6] ] != s
Gh; :jefjsf] ;fgf] lrQ ePsf] . @= 5f]6f] Jojxf ug]{ lskmfotL . 6Dsf] gf) [yDsf]]
!= lglZrt ;Ldf tf]lsPsf] cjlw . @= ;Dd k]sf] 7fpFaLr s]xL rlnPsf] e"efu ;fgf] kxf8
yDsf] . \ d] x]) 6Dd . 6Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") 6d 6 { gf) [c) d") 6 \ ] != tdfv v
f xSsfleqsf] kfgLaf6 cfjfh lg:sg] uL 6\jf{ l6{ . @= To:t} ;dfg kll:yltdf Wjlg jf cfj
h lgsfNb} . #= afFWbf sl;nf] xg] uL . > 6l{g  c) lqm) != s;] afFlwg sl;g . @= kv
fnf rNg . #= tls{g . 6 {] lj) != kfgLh:tf] emf]n ePsf] kGofnf] . @= 6{ cfjfh ug
]{ (gljnsf] ;fgf] xSsf) . 6f] { gf) != tsfL bfn cflbsf] kftnf] emf]n a]:jfbsf] kfgL
:tf] ; . @= ;fgf] xSsf 6]{ xSsf . 6of{O gf) != 6{ xSsf tfGg] lqmof . @= tSof{O
. 6of{Og s) lqm) != 6{ tNofOg sl;nf];Fu afFlwg . 6of{pg ;) lqm) 6{ cfjfh lg
] uL xSsf u8u8fpg tdfv vfg . 6of{x6 gf) 6of{pg] lqmof jf cj:yf . 6n6n lqm)
j) [c) d") 6n\ c (l))] Ps6s nfP x]g]{ lsl;dn] Psf]xf]f] s;}sf] dv x]lx] . > 6n6n
nL lqm) lj) != cem} 6n6n xg] uL Ps6s nfP x]lxg] lsl;dn] SjfSjftL . @= cfzf jf
fjgfn] Psf]xf]f] x]lx] knkn . 6naS; gf) [c\ :6naS;] df]6 uf8L cflbsf cf}hf j
fVg] ;fgf] afs; . 6nSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6ns\ s] Ps} b[li6df x]g{] uL PskN6 dfq x]
g{] lsl;dn] knS s.  n   x]lxg] Ps6s 6Ns] lj) [c) d") 6n\ s]] != 6n6 nfP x]g{]
@= cf;] . 6Nn lqm) lj) [c) d") 6n\ n] !=6f]nfP jf Psgf;l;t x]g]{ uL 6\jfNn . lj) @=
x]]sf] x]o} ePsf] lhNn jfNn . 6;f gf) [6;f]sf] lt) )] x]) 6;f] . 6;fO gf) [ 6;
O)] 6;fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6;fOg c) lqm) 6;f] lgl:sg 6;f xflng . 6
;fpg c) lqm) [6;f] cfp g] != sg} af]6la?jfn] 6;f]
514

xfNg c\s fpg . 6;fn gf) [g]jf) t;fn] != pv k]Ng] d]l;g jf oGq . @= ;f] ldl;g eP
sf] 7fpF ;]6f] . 6;S  s lqm) lj) [c) d") 6;s 
\ s] != bO{ uf]8f rfssf] en] la:
f} eOFdf a:g] uL . @= 6;f jf c\s km6\g] jf knfpg] uL . 6;f] gf) != af]6la?jf, cG
flbsf] ev{} pd|]sf] slnnf] dg c\s lklkf] . @= lgufnf], afF; cflbsf] ev{} pd|]sf],
fOg] dg . 6:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 6; \ ;] x]) 6;S s. 6xl  g c) lqm) [6xf] O g
6xf] xg cgfy aGg . 6x  f] lj) [;+) tj] != cfdfafa d]sf] sg} ;+Ifs gePsf]
@= sg} ;xfo gePsf] cgfy larf] . :qL) 6xL . l6\uf] lj) cfdfafa gxgfn] csf] z
z ePsf] . :qL) 6xLl6\uL . 6"6 lj) x]) 66 . ~ k"m6 lj) x]) 66 km6 . 6]s \ g ;)
) [6]s \ g] != sg} cfwfdfly uf]8f c8fpg sNrg vf xfNg kfp fVg . @= sg} cfwf
O{ ;dfTg . #= s;}sf] cfwf lng cf8ef];f lng . 6]s gf) [;+) 6]sg] != sg} sfdf ulg]
x7 l9kL cfu|x . @= uj{ cledfg . #= uLtsf 6qmfxkl5 bf]xf]ofOg] cflDes r0f jf k\lQm
:yfoL af]n . 6]sg gf) [;+)] != c8\g] cfwf 6]sf] cf8 6]jf . @= la;f}gf . 6]sfO gf) [
s\ ( cfO )] 6]Sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6]sfOg s) lqm) 6]Sg] ufOg . 6]sfpg k|])
lqm) 6]Sg] tNofpg 6]Sg nufpg . 6]lsg c) lqm) != 6]Sg] xg vf xflng . ;) lqm)
@= slNrg . 6]sL lj) [6]s O{] != lh2Ljfn 6]s ug]{ x7L l9kLjfn . @= ;]vLjfn 3dG8L cl
. gf) #= klxn]sf ojtLxn] sDddf afFWg] tLgsg] nuf . 6]sj  f gf) [6]s \ pjf] vfFaf]
6]sf] . 6]sf] gf) [6]s cf]] != yfddlGt flvg] 9\uf] jf sf7 . @= sg} j:tnfO{ c8\ofpg]
sf7, afF; cflbsf]) 6]jf . #= la;f}gL . $= uLtsf] cGtf . 6]\u|f gf) [d})] Ps hftsf]
df5f] . 6]7f] gf) afF;sf jf sf7sf sLnfx 7f]Sg] sf7sf] d\u|f] vF6f uf8\g] sf7sf] d\
u|L . 6]l9g c) lqm) [6]9f] O g] != ;Lwf gxg af\lug 6]9f] xg . @= l;fpg lrl9g
f] lj) [;+) 6]9] != ;f]emf] gePsf] af\uf] 8]p9f] jqm . @= gldNg] k|sl[ t ePsf] sl6n
" . d]9f] lj) af\uf]l6\uf] .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
515

6]9fO6f]sf 6]lnu|fd gf) [c\)] cfsfzjf0fLff k7fOPsf] va tfaf6 k|fKt ;Gb]z 6]lnu|fk
6]lnlk|G6 gf) [c\)] tfff k|fKt ePsf] vasf] ;\st ] nfO{ :jod\ 6fOk ullbg] oGq b"d
6]lnkmf]g gf) [c\)] != tfsf] ;DaGwff Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf sfsfgL cf]xf]bf]xf]
q . @= o:t} oGqaf6 k7fOPsf] va . lgb]l{ zsf gf) 6]lnkmf]g gDa yfxf lbnfpg] gfdsf] j
0ff{gq ' md;lxtsf] k':ts (6]lnkmf]g8fO]S6L) . 6]lnlehg gf) [c\)] != af]Ng] dflg;sf]
zAb ;'lgg] k tyf efje\ludf klg b]lvg] cfw'lgs oGq . @= >Jo, b[Zo;lxtsf] ;~rf ;fwg .
6]nS ] ; gf) [c\)] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf va k7fpg] sfd . 6]jf gf) [6]sf] cfwf c8fg
]sf] . 6]:6 gf) [c\)] != kLIff hfFr . @= k|j]lzsf (P;) Pn) ;L)) lbg'k"j{ lnOg] of]Uo
tf kLIff . 6'a gf) kLIf0fgnL . Dofr gf) kLIf0fsf kdf v]lng] k'm6an cflb v]n . 6]
6:6f (gbL) k'L] lwdfnhfltsf u|fDob]jtf . 6f]s\g' ;) lqm) [;+) q'6\ g'] != ;fx|f] rkfpg
kg]{ sg} vfg]sf] bfFtn] 6'qmf kfg'{ bfFtn] Rofk] kmf]g'{ . @= cnfO{ b'Vg] uL zLsf
bfFtn] RofKg' bfFtn] lryg'{ bfg'{ . #= 8\s dfg'{ 8:g' . $= u|xultcg';f glhssf cfkmGt
nfO{ lkg'{ . %= srsr ug'{ 6f]s:g' . > 6f]s gf) != eOx]sf] sg} sfd layf]Ng] lsl;dsf]
af]nfO c8\sf] . @= 7f8} xKsfpg] sfd xKsLbKsL . 6f]sg gf) [c\)] != r]s a'emfPkl5 k};f
glbpGh]n a}s + n] u|fxsnfO{ k|df0f jf lg:;fsf lglDt lbg], gDa c\lst ePsf] wft'sf]
af6'nf] jf lqsf]0ffsf rSsf . @= lrXg ;\s]t . 6f]sL gf) [lx)] 6fpsfdf af]s ] lxF8g \
jf kmnk"mn, ;fukft, cGg cflb flvg] afF;sf rf]ofn] a'g]sf] 7"nf] 9SsLh:tf] efF8f]
Ps lsl;dsf] ;fgf] 8fnL . 6f]s;\g' ;) lqm) [6f]s;f] g'] != cfkmGt s;}nfO{ lafd} geP tf
klg lgx'F kf] jf lagl;lQ ufnL ug'{ . @= vfg]s fdf sGh':ofOF uL 7Ug' yf]} lbg' . > 6
;fO gf) 6f]s:g] sfd jf lsl;d . 6f]s;fOg' s) lqm) 6f]s:g] sfd ufOg' 6f]s:g nfOg' . 6f
]s;fpg' k|]) lqm) 6f]s:g] sfd ufpg' 6f]s:g nfpg' . 6f]s;f] gf) != dg gkbf]{ dfG5]nfO
{ lafd g} geP klg v]k}lkR5] ulg] ufnL 6\jfs6\jfs srsr ss . @= lbg'kg]h { lt vfg glbP
] sfd . 6f]sf gf) xfQLnfO{ P]Frdf fVgsf lglDt lk6\g k|of]u ulg]

6]9fO gf) [ 6]l9 ( ofO)] 6]9f] xg] jf 6]l9g] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] 6]9fOg s) lqm) 6]
kflg af\uf]l6\uf] tNofOg . 6]9fpg k|) ] lqm) != 6]9f] kfg{ af\uf]l6\uf] tNo
@= l;fpg] kfg{ lr9fpg . 6]lg; gf) [c\)] asf] ;fgf] annfO{ hfnLbf Aof6 jf 8G8fn] x
lng] Pp6f v]n . 6]G8 gf) [c\)] sg} sfof{no jf ;+:yfsf] sfo{ljj0f;lxtsf] dfucg;f 7]Ss
df sfd ug{ jf tf]lsPsf] dfn;fdfg lbg san ulg] b]6;lxtsf] lgj]bg af]nkq lgljbf . bf
j) != 6]G8jfnf . gf) @= af]nkqsf] lgj]bg lbg] JolQm . 6]k gf) [c\)] != Wjlgt\unfO{ oG
qff ;dft] rflxPsf] avt ;f] Wjlg lgsfNg ;Sg] nfdf] lkmQf . @= lkmQf . ls8{lsf6 gf)
O{ 6]kdf eg]{ oGq jf ;fwg . 6]kf]6]k|f] gf) k'?if]lGb|osf] cu|efu ln\usf] 6'Kkf] ln\u
f] dl0f . 6]an ' 6]lan gf) [c\)] s;L{ cflbdf a;L ;fdfGo n]vk9, ef]hg, sfd cflb ug{ l
dNg] Ps vf; k|sfsf] vl6of . ukm gf) 6]a'nsf] jlkl a;] ulg] sfsfgL jf ax; . 38L
fly flvg] demf}nf 38L . 6]lg; gf) 6]a'ndf v]lng] 6]lg; v]n . kf] ; gf) zf]efsf nfl
u 6]an ' dfly la5fOg] sk8f 6]an ' dfly flvg] tGgf . kfqf] gf) 6]a'ndfly flvg] cfjZos
sfsf] ;Demf}6f] n]Vg;d]t x'g] Ps vfnsf] kfqf] . 6] \ g' ;) lqm) != eg]sf] jf cx|fPsf]
sf dfGg' cf1fkfng ug'{ . @= cbadf xg' cg'zfl;t x'g' . #= jf:tf ug'{ . 6] gf) [6]\
Tofpg] jf 6]g{] sfd cf1fkfng . @= ck]Iff jf:tf kjfx . #= cg'zf;g lgodkfng cba . k'R
dfgdof{bf jf:tf kjfx . 6]fO gf) [ 6]\ ( cfO)] 6]g{] sfo{ jf lsl;d . [ > ] 6]fOg
]g]{ kflg . 6]fpg k|) ] lqm) 6]g{] kfg{ . 6]lpn gf) [c\)] 6]llng pmg ldl;Psf] k
sf]6, kfOG6 l;Og] bfdL sk8f . 6]ls6g gf) [c\)] 6]llng ;"tL sk8f ldl;Psf] k|foM sldh
cflb agfOg] bfdL sk8f . 6]llng gf) [c\)] Ps k|sfsf] ldl>t kbfy{af6 lgld{t tGt To;af
6 tof sk8f . 6]n gf) [c\) 6n ] ] != sxLF ofqf ubf{ jf dfn 9jfgL ufpFbf 6fS6, lhk
k5fl8 hf]8] nlug] bO{ kf\u|] l8Aaf 6]n . @= sk8f l;pg] k;n . 6]lnu|fkm gf) [c\)] s
pFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf lahnLsf] ;xfotfn] h?L va kofpg] ;fwg cfsfzjf0fL (cf) jf)) tf .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6f]sfO6fS;L nL . 6f]sfO gf) [ 6f]s\ ( cfO)] 6f]Sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 6f]sfOg
lqm) 6f]Sg nfOg . 6f]sfpg k|]) lqm) 6f]Sg nfpg . 6f]sf6f]s gf) k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO
{ 6f]Sg] sfd kfn}l;tsf] 6f]sfO . 6f]sfxf lj) != 6f]Sg] afgL ePsf] 6f]Sg] vfnsf] . @
= afacfdf, bfhefO cflbnfO{ 6f]Sg] elgPsf] u|xdf k]sf] u|xultcg;f cnfO{ lkg]{ lkf
6f]lsg s) lqm) 6f]Sg] sfd ulg . 6f]sj  f lj) 6f]Sg] :jefjsf] 6f]sfxf lkfxf . 6f]qm
lj) [6f]qmf] P] != 6f]qmf] ePsf] va6fbf . ~ af; gf) Kof
kfyL cflb agfpg k|of]u ulg] 6f
f] ePsf] afF; . ~ a]t gf) 6f]sL,8fnL cflb a'Gg] sfd lnOg] Ps hftsf] a]t . 6f]qmf] g
f) [;+) :tf]s] slnnf] afF;sf] af]qmf] xfkf va6f . 6f]6f gf) [;+) t'08] aGb'sdf af?b
, 5f{ jf uf]nL elg] 9'
\u|f] sftf]{; . jfn lj) 6f]6f e] xflgg] (aGb's) . > 6f]6 ]
t} k8\lsg] vfnsf] . 6f]8\s] gf) [6f]8\sf]P] != vdf 6f]8\sf] kf] a:g] arf x'sf{pg]
' f cfsfsf] Ps rf] . lj) @= 6f]8s \ f]df a:g] 6f]8\sf] k]sf] . 6f]8\sf gf) [;+) sf]6
vf; uL a"9f] vdf k]sf] Kjfn jf vf]Knf] . 6f]k gf) [;+) :t"k] != lzdf nufOg], jlkl k
]f ePsf], o'f]k]nL 7"nf] uf]nfsf 6f]kL . 6f]kn\g ;) lqm) sg} sfdsf] ul6f]kn]h:tf]
{ ug{kg]{ sfdsf] b]vfj6L kdf dfq ug{ b]vfpg dfq :jf kfg{ . > 6f]knfO gf) 6f]kNg]
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 6f]klng s) lqm) k|of; u]em}F jf :jf kf]em}F dfq ulg . 6f]kn6f
kn gf) sg} sfd u]h:tf] ug]{ jf ul6f]kNg] 9\u b]vfpgsf lglDt dfq ulg] sfd . 6f]kL gf
f) 6f]lkcf] lz 5f]Kg, To;sf] zf]ef a9fpg jf Iff ug{sf lglDt rfpnf] 3]f xfnL l;OPsf]
j:q lzkf]; . 6f]k ]| lj) [6f]kf | ] P] != 6f]kf | ] ePsf] jf 6f]kf | ] xg] (P]F;]n
, eOs F{ fkmn O)) 6f]kf |h ] :tf] . 6f]k|]n gf) [6f]kf | ] Pn] ;:tf] ;fwf0f lsl;ds
f] a]bf sk8fljz]if . 6f]k|f] gf) [;+) :t"k] != P]F;]n cflbsf] kmn xg] uf] lasf]{ .
= cf}Fnfsf] 6Kkf] . 6f]n6f]nf gf) [k|f) 6f]lnsf < ;+) k|tf]nL] ;xsf] sg} Ps ljefu j
f v08 ;xleq kg]{ sg} Ps If]qleqsf] a:tL . 6f]nfO gf) [ 6f]nfp ( cfO)] 6f]nfpg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof Psf]xf]f] x]fO . [ > ] 6f]nfOg c) lqm) 6f]nfpg] xf]Og jfNn klg .
516

6f]nfpg c) lqm) [6\jfNn cfp g] != Psf]xf]f] lsl;dn] jf jfNn k] x]g]{ xg 6f]nf] aG
@= lanvaGbdf kg{ lhNn kg{ . > 6f]lng c) lqm) 6f]nfpg] xf]Og jfNn klg . 6f]nL gf)
[;+) 6f]lnsf] sg} sfo{sf lglDt ;\Vof tf]lsPsf jf gtf]lsPsf dflg;xsf] ;d"x hdft 8kmf
. 6f]n ] lj) [6f]n P] Pp6} 6f]ndf a:g] Ps} 6f]nsf] pxL 6f]nsf] . 6f]nf] lj) [6\jfNn cf
] != Psf]xf]f] x]lxg] 6f]nfpg] afgL ePsf] . @= jfNn k]sf] lhNn k]sf] . 6f]:6 gf) [c
kfpf]6Lsf rsfgf cfufdf ;]sfOPsf] vfg]sf] . @= sg} ljlzi6 cj;df s;}sf] ;:jf:Yosf] sf
dgf ub}{ jf ze]R5f1fkgsf;fy k:kdf vfOg] ;f, ;a{t cflb k]o kbfy{ :g]xkfg . #= To; k
|sfn] zesfdgf JoQm ug]{ JolQm jf ljifo . 6f]x]6f] gf) [6f]xf] PF6f]] tfdfvfgLdf sfd
ug]{ HofdL tfdfvfgLsf] dhb . 6f]xf] gf) sg} sfddf kflg] afwf efFhL xfNg] sfd c8\sf]
t] . 6f}g  lj) sfg g;Gg] alxf] . (pbf) sfgn] gfr] 6f}gn] uLt ufpnf lg t . pvfg)
. 6f}jf gf) != ufx|f] gnufO{ yfd blngx dfq xfn] agfOPsf] xfjfbfL 3 cUnf] drfg . lj)
v"a cUnf] 6\uf] . 6fp6fp lqm) lj) [c) d") 6fpF (l))] != Psf]tf af]Ng] jf sf
6\ofpF6o \ fpF af]Ng yfln;Sof], ljBfnodf k9\g k7fP x'G5) . @= srsr ulxg] rfnn] .
(pbf) ltdL slt 6fpF6fpF ulxG5f}, r'k nfu ) . 6fpL gf) [c) d") 6fpFL] != dg k]s
j) @= kftnL lrFuL . 6fpf] gf) [6fpFf]] != dfofnfUbf] ;fgf] s]6f] . lj) @= kftnf] sf
] lrFuf] . 6fs gf) [;+) 6
\s] ;'grfFbLsf] afSnf] rSsL . 6fs6fs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6fs
!= sg} ;fx|f] rLhdf xNsf lsl;dn] lxsf{pFbf jf b'O{ yL ;fgf ;fx|f rLh h'lwxFbf cfjfh
cfpg] uL . @= eg]u]sf] sfdsf] 7Ls7Lsl;t ldNb} jf x'Fb} hfg] uL . 6fSs lqm) lj) [c)
6fs\s] != sg} ;fx|f] rLhdf lxsf{pFbf jf b'O{ yL ;fx|f rLh h'Wbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @=
eg]u]sf] sfdsf] 7Ls;Fu ldNg] jf x'g] 9
\un] . > 6fSs} lqm) lj) l7Ss ldNbf] uL 7fSs}
) [c
\)] v]t hf]Tg] j}1flgs oGq jf xnf] . 6fS;L gf) [c
\)] != :jrflnt kdf k};f r9]sf] b
]vfpg]

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65
517

6f
6f
6fS6 6s gf) [c
\)] a9L jhg ePsf 7"n7"nf dfn;fdfg cf];fk;f ug]{ nLeGbf kl
. 6
\s gf) [c
\)] Ps lsl;dsf] kmnfd] ;Gb's 6f
\sf . 6
s \ n gf) [c
\)] b";~rfsf df
Ns lt] 6f9f6f9fb]lv sfsfgL ug{ 6]lnkmf]gdf dflg; 8fSg] sfd b";~rfsf] 8fsaf]nfp . 6n
[c
\)] 6nLa; . ~ kf]n gf) 6nLa;nfO{ rnfpg lah'nL k|fKt ufpg], a;sf] 5fgfdf ePsf], d'Vo
tf;Fu hf]l8g], l;
h:tf] nfdf] efu . ~ a; gf) ljB't\zlQmsf] ;xfotn] rNg], w]} hgf a:g
x'g], nfdf] cfsfsf] df]6 . 6:6 gf) [c
\)] != JolQm, ;dfh jf fHon] sg} vf; nIonfO{ Wo
f fvL ;f] nIosf] k"lt{sf lglDt ;+:yf cflbsf] :yfkgf uL pQm ;+:yfsf] b}glGbgL lqmof
snfksf nflu d"nwg gdfl;g] uL crn vftf;d]t vf]Ng] Joj:yf . @= pQm Joj:yfsf lglDt v
f]lnPsf] crn vftf u'7Lwg . #= pQm Joj:yfcGtu{t vf]lnPsf] ;+:yf jf sfof{no u'7L . 6f
lGh:6 gf) [c
\)] af]s ] lxF8g \ x'g,] Aof6L xfn] ahfOg], ;fgf] vfnsf] ]l8of] >JooGq
cJo) [c
\)] a]Unf] jf csf{klsf] cy{ lbg], pk;u{sf 5fF6sf] c
\u|]hL zAb . kmd gf) Ps l
dsf] lah'nLnfO{ csf]{ lsl;ddf km]g]{ jf lah'nLsf] kfj 36fpg]a9fpg] oGqljz]if . lq
mK6 gf) nAwf
\skq . ld6 gf) Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF;Dd kofpg] ;Gb]z k|]ifs oGq . l
6]lnkmf]g cflb sn ulPsf] 7fpF;Dd sf hfg] sfd ;Gb]zk|]if0f . 6fd gf) [c\)] lnudf lxF
;fgf] ]nsf cfsfsf] ;jfL uf8L . j] gf) 6fd lxF8\g] lnu ePsf] af6f] 6fdky . l6s g
} :jfy{l;l4sf lglDt ulg] pkfo bfpk]r rnfvL hfnem]n . 6] gf) [c\)] lrof, ;a{t cflb No
3]n' sfddf pkof]u ulg], sf7 jf wft'sf] la6 ePsf], Ps k|sfsf] yfnL jf ls:tL . 6]8dfs
{ gf) [c\)] JofkfLn] cfgf] dfnsf] klrosf lglDt dfndf 6fF:g] jf nufpg] ljz]if lrXg Jof
flrXg a]kflrg' . 6]8n6]l8n gf) [c\) 6]8n] != oGqnfO{ v'fn] rnfpg] efu kfpbfg .
kfOsf] sfddf pkof]u x'g], xft jf OlGhgn] grnfO{ Ps hgfn] dfq v'fn] rnfpg] oGq . 6g
] gf) [c\)] ]nuf8L ]n . 6fs s]an ' gf) [c\)] f]kj] Soflo u'8\g] df]6f] tf .
ldg hf]Tgsf lglDt pkof]uL, OlGhgn] rNg] xnf] x]) 6fS6 . @= sg} ef tfGg] jf

ef8fjfn df]6 . @= ef8fdf rnfOg] ;fgf] uf8L . 6f6f lqm) lj) [c) d") 6f\ c (l))] tVt
f cflb aHbf afa cfjfh cfpg] uL . 6fKjfn gf) [c) d") 6f\ Kjfn] kmf]g{ jf e;fpgsf nfl
e] k8\sfpg] uL 7"n7"nf 9'\ufdf kflg] Kjfn . 6f\s gf) [c\)] ;Dd gk]sf] jf c;lhnf]
g hfg ;Sg], o'4sf ;fdfgn] o'Qm kmf}hL df]6 uf8L . 6f\sf gf) [c\) 6s \ ] kmnfd cflbsf
tfn] agfOPsf] afs; ;Gb's 6\s . > 6f\sL gf) kfgL eg{sf lglDt pkof]u ulg], ;fbf h:tf,
kf]lnlyg cflbff agfOPsf] 7"nf] efF8f] . 6f\ lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\ > 6f\ ] sg} ;fx
sf{pFbf jf 306f cflb aHbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . 6fgL gf) [c\)] 5fnf flvg] 7fpF 5fnfsfvfg
k gf) [c) d") 6fk\ c] != cf}Fnfn] 5fk nufpg] sfd . @= d}y'g ug]{ sfd . 6fKk lqm) lj) [
c) d") 6fk\ k] != n];fOnf] j:t'ff b'O{ rLh ldNg] jf 6fFl;g] uL . @= 7Lsl;t ldNg] jf hf
]lg] eP . #= f]lsg] jf y'lgg] rfnn] . 6fdrf] gf) [6fOd rf]] k|xk|x jf ;do;dodf af:
sv'f] . 6fd6/ gf)x]) 6df6/ . 6fd6fd lqm) lj) [c) d") 6fd\ c (l))] 6fDsf]h:tf ;fg
aHbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . 6fDs] lj) [6fDsf] P] != 6fDsf] leg],{ ahfpg] jf lnP lxF8\g] . @
Dsf]h:tf] k'8\sf] e'F8] . 6fDsf] gf) bdfxfh:t} t ;fgf], b'O{ uhfn] ahfOg] 5fnf df]xf
]]sf] tfnafhf . 6fDkf] gf) [c\) c6f]] tLgj6f kf\u|f ePsf], tLgrf hgfb]lv b;afx| hgf;
a:g x'g,] ld6 r9\g] jf gr9\g] ;jfL uf8L . 6fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 6fd\ d] != 7Ls;Fu ldNg
jf hf]l8g] uL 7fDd 6Dd . @= y'lgg] jf a'lhg] eP . 6f:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 6;\ > 6f;\
sann] jf dg gkLsg 9f]u] . @= sg} j:t' vfOdf l; b]vfP jf kmGs] fVg] uL 7f:; . #=
P a:g] 9fFrfn] 6';'Ss . $= sg} j:t' csf]{ j:t';Fu cln 6fFl;P 7fKk . %= l6sf] nfOlbFbf
dg gnufO{sg} . 6'a gf) [c\) 6"a] != df]6, df]6;fOsn, ;fOsn cflb kf\u|f x'g] uf8Lsf 6
] leqL efudf xg], xfjf elg], asf] y}nf] . @= sfFr cflbsf] nfdf], ;Dd k]sf] 9'u \ f |h
] :tf] ;fwg .

c:\1saroj\Sabdkosh\Ta.p65

6\jfFs6\j]lG6gfOg af]Sg] OlGhg To:t} OlGhg ePsf] uf8L . 6\jfs lj) [;+) r'qm > RjfFs]
!= w]} cldnf] s8f cldnf] r's . 6\jf6 gf) hfF8 jf S;L (lgGbf jf x]ofy{df) . jfn lj
fF6 vfg] hF8fxf S;Lafh 6\jfF6] . 6\jf6L gf) [g]jf) Tjflt] hldgdlg a;L Psgf;n] sfpg]
|sfsf] av]{ sLf] . ~ s:g'xfNg' 6') wks8 ug'{ . (pbf) b;}Fleq k};f ga'emfP ;fx"n] 6\jf
6L s;]xfn] lnG5g\ ]) . 6\jf6] lj) [6\jfF6P] != hfF8S;L a9L lkpg] (dflg;) 6\jfF6jfn
@= avf{df cfnL, sfGnf cflb Kjfn kfg]{ Ps k|sfsf] sLf] . 6\jfs! gf) ;'gs]jFf, b"ws]j
Ff cflbsf] k"mnaf6 agfOg] cn
\sf jf z[
\uf;Hhf . 6\jfs@ gf) [k|f) 6f]Ss0f] cGg cflb el
sf7, l6g cflbsf] ;fgf] efF8f] . 6\jfs6\jfs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\jfs\c (l))] !=sf7xdf v
f]Ktf jf 7f]Stf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= srsr ulxg] 5fF6n] ss . > 6\jfs6\jfsL lqm) lj) nu
6\jfs6\jfs u] . 6\jfsn gf) [g]jf) Tjfsn] != sg} ux|fF} j:t' p7fpg jf ws]Ng To; j:t's
f] dlGt xflng] sf7sf] 7]psf] . @= crfg' . #= 3sf] uffaf6 5fgfsf] bfFtL yfDg s]xL em
'G8fpg x'g] uL flvPsf] afxfF . 6\jfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\jfs\s] != tsfL, crf
518

cflbdf cldnf], lkf] cflb k'u] :jfb kg]{ uL To:tf] tsfL, crf vfP lhe|f] km8\sfb}{ .
gf]ltgf] 9'
\uf jf To:t} j:t'n] xfGbf zAb lg:s] . #= rfr'?
\uL cflbn] 7'
\g] lsl;dn] . $
= PSsfl; e]6 x'g] uL l7Ssl;t ldn] jf hf]lP 6fSs . 6\jf
6\jf
lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\jf8
nf] 306, tVtf38L cflb aHbf tLvf] lsl;dn] cfjfh cfpg] uL . 6\jf
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\
\
> 6\jf
\
] sg} ;fx|f] j:t'df lxsf{pFbf jf 306 cflb aHbf tLvf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . 6\jf6\jf
m) lj) [c) d") 6 > 6\jfc (l))] != x'Ssf tfGbf jf 3'fpFbf cfjfh lg:sg] uL . @= Eofu'tf
sfPsf] cfjfh lg:sg] uL 6\jf{6\jf{ . > 6\jf6\jftL 6\jf6\jfL lqm) lj) cem l56f]
. 6\jf{ lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\jf\ ] != xSsf tfGbf jf 3fpFbf hf]8n] cfjfh lg:sg] uL .
Eofutf] cflb sfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] 9\un] . ~ 6\jf{ lqm) lj) 6\jf6\jf . 6\jfn6\jfn lqm)
) [c) d") 6\jfn\ c (l))] Psf]xf]f] x]g{] uL . > 6\jfn6\jfntL lj) Psgf;;Fu Psf]xf]f] x]
. 6\jfNn lqm) lj) [c) d") 6\jfn\ n (l))] Psf]xf]f] rfnn] x]lxg] uL 6f]nfOxg] rfnn]
. l6\jgc6 gf) [c\)] yf]} dflg; a:g xg] ;fgf] vfnsf] xjfO{hxfh . 6\jl ] G6gfOg gf) [
c\)] tf;sf] v]ndf KjfOG6 af]nL ug] v]lng] hDdf pgGtL; KjfOG6 ePs]f Ps v]n .

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65
519
776f}nL

7
7 b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] afx|f}F j0f{ d"4{Go,
:kzL{, c3f]if, dxfk|f0f, tfl8t Jo~hgj0f{ 6ju{sf] bf];|f] cIf n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{sf] k|
ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg cf]7 ldnfof] 7 . 76fO gf) [ 7f6 (cfO)] 7fF6 kfg]{ sfd 7fF6g \
tyf 7fFl6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 76fOg' s) lqm) 7fF6g \ nfOg' 7fF6 kfg]{ uf
Og' . 76fpg' k|]) lqm) 7fF6\g nfpg' 7fF6 kfg]{ ufpg' . F fnfO{ emf]s kf]Vtf jf ufnL
78f}f] gf) [7fF8f]cf}f]] efF8fs8 ubf{ k|o'Qm x'g] zAb 7fF8f] . (pbf) eft ksfpg nfUb
f}f] r'lxP lbg';Dd b'Mv lbof]) . 7s7s gf) [c) d") 7s\c (l))] != xn'sf rfnn] sf7 cflb
;fx|f] j:t'df 7f]Stf cfpg] zAb 7\jfs7\jfs . @= hf8fn] sfDg] jf yyfpg] rfn n'un'u . l
qm) lj) #= To:tf] zAb cfpg] uL yyfpg] rfn;Fu . > 7s7sfO gf) 7s7sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. 7s7sfOg' s) lqm) != 7s7s cfjfh lgsflng' . c) lqm) @= 7s7s sfFlkg' . 7s7sfpg' ;)
lqm) != sg} j:t'df 7s7s zAb cfpg] uL 7f]Sg' jf 76fpg' . c) lqm) @= hf8fn] 7s7s sf
Dg' n'un'u sfDg' yyfpg' . 7s7lsg' s) lqm) 7s7sfpg] uL sfFKg' . 7s7sL lqm) lj) hf8fn]
6f]l56f] sfDg] uL yyfP . 7s7SofO gf) 7s7lsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 7sf gf) [;+)] 7 c
bf];|f] Jo~hgj0f{ . 7s'fO gf) [7sLcfO] != cl3 7sL fhfxsf] k|d'vtf ePsf] 7fpF jf If
cflwkTo . 7s'L gf) [;+) 7Ss] != Iflqohfltsf] Ps ju{ jf ltgsf] y . 7s'jf gf)x]) 7]s'j
. 7Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 7s\s] PsfPs yfldg], pleg] jf cfpg] uL 6Ss . 7Ss gf) [k|f) 6Ss
lx) 7f]s] != sg} b'O{ j:t'sf] h'wfO jf 7f]sfO k:ksf] wSsf . @= dfgl;s cf3ft jf rf]6 .
#= xG8 rf]6 . 7Ss gvfO{ a'l4 cfpFb}g (pvfg) . 7qmSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 7qms\s] sg} j:t
fVtf jf v:tf xNsf cfjfh cfpg] uL . 7u\g ;) lqm) [7u g] != em"7f] sfdsf] uL csf]
8Kg emSofgdf kfL csf] j:t lng 7uL ug{ wTg . @= 5sfpg wf]sf lbg . #= rflxFbf]
Gbf a9L gfkmf vfg . $= gfgf efFtL rfnafhL jf axfgf u] ;Sg] sfd klg gug{ sfddf 5n5
fd ug{ . 7u lj) [k|f)] != wf]sfdf kf] jf 5n uL csf] wgdfn lng] 7Ug] . @= gfgf yL ax
lemsL sfdsfh gug]{ sfddf 5n5fd ug]{ 7ufxf . ~ ljBf gf) 7Ug] ljBf 7Ug] clsn 7uL ug]{
tlsf jf pkfo . ~ j[lQ gf) 7Ug] k];f . 7ufO gf) [ 7u\ ( cfO )] 7Ug] sfd jf k| l qmof .
[ > ] 7ufOg s) lqm) 7Ug nfOg . 7ufpg k|) ] lqm) 7Ug] ufpg 7Ug nfpg . 7ufxf lj)
7Ug] afgL ePsf] 7Ug] vfnsf] 7u . 7ufxf lj) [7u cfxf] 7u] vfg kNs]sf] 7uL u] k]6 kf
7ufxfL gf) 7Ug] sfd 7uL . 7lug s) lqm) [7u\ O g] 7uL ulg . 7uL gf) [7u O{] 7usf]
5sfO 7uljBf . 7\sf\g ;) lqm) [7\sf\ g] 7"nf] :jn] jf 8fFsf] lems] af]Ng 7\sf
7\sf gf) [;+) 6\sf] 7f8f] af]nL 7"nf] :j 8fFsf] . 7\sffO c) lqm) [ 7\sf ( cfO
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 7\sflg s) lqm) 7"nf] :jn] af]lng 7\sf ulg 7\u|\ lqm) lj
!= wftsf efF8fsF8f v:tf jf ah|Fbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= jlkl k|foM s]xL geO{ PSnf] pl
eP l7\u . 76fO gf) [ 76fp ( cfO)] 76fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 76fOg s) lqm) hf]
kl6g wfg, ds} cflb rl6g . 76fpg ;) lqm) [;+) 6L cfp g] != sg} j:tnfO{ hf];Fu l
]Sg uf]b\g . @= wfg, ds} cflb af]6 jf 3f]ufaf6 emfg{sf lglDt r6\g . 76]pnL gf)l
j) 76\of}nL . 76]pn] lj)x]) 76\of}n] . 76]pnf] lj)x]) 76\of}nf] . 7f gf) [;+) 6L] !=
g axnfpg cfkm;df lhl:sg] jf lh:Sofpg] sfd Vofn lbNnuL . @= em"6f] sf]nfO{ klg fd|f]
agfP eGg] rfn . #= pkxf; xF:;L lv;L . afhL k:kdf ulg] Vofn7f xF:;LlbNnuL . 76fs
fs7s] dl;g jf xNsf vfnsf] afemf] 7fs7s . 76f}nL gf) [7f of}nL] != r8l\ snf] lsl;ds
f] 7f Vofn 76]pnf] efj . lj) @= 7f ug]{ :jefj ePsL 76]pnL .

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65

76f}n ] 7;7; 76f}n ] lj) [76f}nf] P] 7f ug]{ :jefjsf] 76]pn] . 76f}nf] lj) [7f of
g]{ afgL ePsf] 76]pnf] VofnL . > 76f}NofO gf) 76]pnf] rfn 76]pnf]kg . 7l8g c) lqm)
f] O g] 7f8f] xg cl8g pleg . 78Nnf] lj) [7f8f] pNnf]] != pleg] :jefjsf] yrSs ga:g
8] . gf) @= 78]pf] . 78]p/f] gf)x]) 78\of}/f] . 78]Zj lj) [7f8f] O{Zj] != pleOxg] :je
f] 7f8f] 78NNff] . @= 7f8f] ldhf;sf] vf] afgL ePsf] . 78fO gf) [ 7l8 ( ofO)] != 7l8
d jf k|lqmof [ 78fp cfO ] @= 78fpg] sfd jf k| l qmof . [ > ] 78fOg s) lqm) 7l8g nfOg
7l8g] kflg . 78fpg ;) lqm) != sg} j:t 7f8f] kfg{ v8f ug{ pEofpg . k|]) lqm) @=
8fpg nfpg 7l8g] kfg{ . 78f}f] gf) [7f8f] of}f]] 7f8f] pEofO{ aQL afNg] kfgf] 5fF6
fg; 78Nnf] 78]p/f] . 7gSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 7gs\ s] != 8G8L, nL cflb ;fx|f] j:t k"f e
Flrg] uL k6Ss . @= :tlDet eP 7f8f] xg] rfnn] . 7g7g lqm) lj) [c) d") 7g\ c ( l))] 7f
g] jf 7Gsg] lsl;dn] . > 7g7gtL7g7gL lqm) lj) cem l56f] 7g7g xg] uL . 7g7gfO gf) !=
7g7gfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . @= ln\usf] pQ]lht cj:yf . 7g7gfOg s) lqm) 7g7g ulg 7Gsf
Og . 7g7gfpg c) lqm) 7g7g ug{ 7f8f] xg 7Gsg . 7gfO gf) [7fg\ cfO] != 7fGg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . 7gf7g lqm) lj) [7g7g] != 8G8L, nL cflb ;fx|f] j:t wdfwd efFlrg
] uL . @= ?lkofF cflb wdfwd ahf] ahfpg] 9\udf . 7Gsg c) lqm) [7gSs g] != g;fsf] tGs
pQ]hgfn] ln\u 7f8f] xg 7l8g :tlDet xg . @= emf]lSsP lxF8\g kmGsg . > 7GsfO gf)
7Gsg] jf 7Gsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 7GsfOg s) lqm) 7f8f] kflg . 7Gsfpg k|]) lqm) != 7
f8f] kfg{ 78\ofpg . @= kmGsfpg . #= 7gSs kfg{ efFR F g . 7lGsg c) lqm) 7f8f]
xg 7Gsg . 7GSofO gf) 7lGsg] jf 7GSofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 7GSofOg s) lqm) 7lGsg] kf
lg 7GsfOg . 7GSofpg k|) ] lqm) 7lGsg] kfg{ 7Gsfpg . 7GSofx6 gf) 7lGsg] efj, lqmo
f jf l:ylt 7GSofO . 7G6L gf) bAnL jf a]t a;]sL cfOdfO{ ufO{e}F;LnfO{ ufnL ubf{ el
gg] zAb . 7G8f lj) [k|f) y8\8] != ud jf tftf] gePsf] lr;f] zLtn . gf) @= lr;f]kg hf8f
] ;bL{ . #= udL{ x6\gfn] xg] cfgGbLkg zLtntf . ~ fd lj) d]sf] jf ;lsPsf] efj
520

aemfpg] zAb vtd :jfxf (pbf) larf a"9f lxh} a]ns  L 7G8ffd e};s]sf x]5g\ . cfLdf eP
crf t ;a} 7G8ffd eP5 .) . > 7G8L gf) != lr;f]kg hf8f] ;bL{ . @= cf]; . 7G8];f] gf) 7
8f xgfsf] efj jf 7G8L cj:yf . 7k gf) [ 7Kk] eOx]sf] jf rlnx]sf] sfdsf] Psbd} yfldg]
f aGb xg] l:ylt 7Kk f]lsg] rfn . 7Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") 7k\ k] Psbd yfldg] jf aGb xg]
rfndf 7k xg] uL . 7d7d lqm) lj) [c) d") 7d\ c (l))] tfn ldnfP jf sl;P lxF8\g] uL
Fu lxF8\g] lsl;dn] 6d6d . > 7d7dtL lqm) lj) tGb?:t jf x[i6ki6 dflg; lxF8]em}F uL
. 7d7dfO gf) 7d7dfpg] sfd jf lsl;d . 7d7dfOg c) lqm) kmlt{nf] algg df]6f]3f6f] x
f]Og . 7d7dfpbf] lj) df]6f]3f6f] ultnf] x[i6k'i6 7d7dfPsf] . 7d7dfpg' c) lqm) != zf
b[li6n] tGb'?:t km'lt{nf] x'g' x[i6k'i6 x'g' ul7nf] df]6f]3f6f] x'g' . @= km'lt{;
u F lxF8g \ ' . 7d7dfx6 gf) 7d7dfpg] sfd jf cj:yf . 7d7ldg' c) lqm) 7d7d ug]{ xf]O
g' . 7d7dL lqm) lj) 7d7dtL . 7d7DofO gf) 7d7ldg] l:ylt, sfd jf lsl;d . 7dfO gf) [ 7d
fp (cfO)] 7dfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof 7DofO . [ > ] 7dfOg' s) lqm) 7DofOg' lgwf] ulg
' . 7dfpg' ;) lqm) != s;}nfO{ lrGg' . @= 7Ls;Fu ljrf ug'{ lgwf] ug'{ . 7ldg c) lqm)
[;+) :tDe O g] != lgwf] xg yfxf xg . @= lrgfL xg lrlgg . > 7DofO gf) 7ldg] jf 7
ofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 7DofOg s) lqm) 7x ulg lgwf] ulg . 7Dofpg ;) lqm) !=
sg} sf jf j:t oxL xf] egL yfxf kfpg lgwf] ug{ . @= lrGg klxrfGg . #= sg} sfdsf
s;Fu ljrf ug{ 7dfpg . 7f{ gf) [ 7f]] { :jb]zdf pTkfbg xg], s8f vfnsf] 3]n S;L .
) lqm) [7f] { O g] != 7f]{ xg hl{g blx|g . 7f]{ lj) [;+) :tAw] != vf] :jefjsf
. @= hf]{ bx|f] . > 7of{O gf) != 7l{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= 7of{pg] sfd jf lsl;
. 7of{Og s) lqm) 7f]{ kflg 7f]{ tNofOg . 7of{pg ;) lqm) 7f]{ kfg{ bx|f] t
fpg . 7;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 7;s\ s] l;fP jf ulTyP 7:; 7:; . 7;7; lqm) lj) [c) d")
(l))] != sg} j:t ;8] jf un] ugfpg] lsl;dn] 88 . @= lb;f ubf{, hLp bVtf cflb cj:y
sg] . #= s;};Fu sg} sfdf lrQ gaem] l;fPem}F uL . $= s;}nfO{ 6f]s:g] lsl;dn] 3f]rk

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65
521

7;d:;7f6f] ePsf] sf . @= d'2fdfldnfdf GofofwLz jf Ohnf;ff ulPsf] lg0f{o . #= sg} sf

Nnfxn] jf dgdg} ulg] lgwf] lgZro . $= a:g] jf c8\g] 7fpF :yfg ynf] . 7x gf) [;+) :yfj
vf; uL ;fnsf kftxnfO{ l;Gsfn] v'6L ;Lk nufP ufFl;g], yfnsf cfsfsf] ;fwg 7"nf] 6kL . 7
O gf) [ 7x\ (cfO)] != 7xg]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . [7xfpcfO] @= 7xfpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . [
7xfOg' s) lqm) 7x ulg' . 7xfpg' k|) ] lqm) 7x ug'{ c7f]6 ug'{ 7xofpg' . 7xlg'
Og' 7xg'{ . 7x} lqm) lj) [7xP]] != sg} b'36 { gfn] jf rf]6k6s cflb nfu] 7fpFsf] 7fpF
tTsfn dg]{ uL e't'Ss} v'q'Ss} . (pbf) cfh af6fdf df]6n] 7Ss lbP Pp6f dfG5] 7x} eof]
= 7"nf] cfkt jf ;
\s6df h]lnP . (pbf) o;kfln cl;gfn] ux'F r'6] 7x} kflxfNof] lg .) 7x
gf) [ 7x\7xl (ofO)] != 7xg]{ jf 7xlg] lqmofk|lqmof . [7xofp cfO] @=7xofpg] efj, lq
lqmof . [ > ] 7xofOg s) lqm) 7x ulg . 7xofpg ;) lqm) != sg} sf jf ljifosf] 7x
ug{ . @= ljrfk"js { 6u \ f] nfpg . #= c7f]6 ug{ kSsf ug{ . 7fu ] gf) != afa xf
cfOxg] Ps lsl;dsf] f]u . (pbf) To;nfO{ 7fFu]n] e]fof] ls Sof xf], a:t'efp t k6Ss} x]
b}{g) . @= lagafwf 7Ss . #= a:t'efpnfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ug]{ zAb . (pbf) rfpg nu]sf]
7fFu] t csf] afnLdf kf] k;]5) . 7f6\g ;) lqm) [7fF6 g] sg} j:tnfO{ fd|f] kfg{sf l
t ;hfpg] sfd ug{ l;Fufk6f ug{ 7fFl6nf] kfg{ . 7f6 gf) != sg} j:t'sf] 9fFrfsfFrf l
pg] sfd ;hfj6 z[
\uf . @= JolQmdf xg] ljz]if u'0f jf efj jfkm ;fg . #= afhf ahfpg] 9
jf lsl;d . 7'6 gf) 7fF6afF6 . af6 gf) ljz]if lsl;dn] 9fFrfsfFrf ldnfpg] sfd jf l:
lt ;hwh sl;s;fp . ~ e}; nL gf) e}F;L rg]{ 7fpF e}; F Lsf] rg . > 7fl6g' c) lqm) !=
6nf] x'g' . s) lqm) @= 7fF6 kflg' 7fF6 ulg' . 7fl6nf] lj) 7fF6afF6 u]sf] 7fFl6Psf]
. 7f6L != 7fFl6Psf] 7fFl6nf] . @= ;'Gb fd|f] . 7f6L gf) != a6'jfxnfO{ lj>fd lng
f lglDt af6f3f6fdf agfOPsf] lrl6Ss k]sf] kf6L kf}jf . @= kfx'gfxnfO{ af; lbg jf dfn
;fdfg fVgsf lglDt ufpF3df agfOg] sf7sf] ;fwf0f lsl;dsf] 3 . #= vf]nfsf 5]psf] pj{ v]t
. 7f6f] gf) kfgLsf] dflyNnf] efudf hd]sf] t';ff] hd]sf] t';ff] jf lxpF .

xfg] . > 7;7;tL7;7;L lqm) lj) cem} l56f] 7;7; x'g] uL . 7;7;] lj) 7;7; ug]{ afgL ePsf
] sGg] :jefjsf] . F L 7;d:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 7;\c (l))] ;Grl;t kn]6 s;] a:g] uL 9;d:
7;fO gf) [ 7f;\ (cfO)] 7f:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 7;fOg' s) lqm) 7f:g nfOg' . 7
;fpg' k|]) lqm) != c6fO{gc6fO{ xfNg nufpg' sf]rfpg' . @= d}yg ' ufpg' . 7;f7; lqm) l
j) [7;\7;\] c6];d6]; kf] elg] jf vfFlbg] uL vfFbfvfFb 6gf6g . 7:sg c) lqm) [7:sf]
;}k|lt lrQ gagfn] jf dg gkg]{ sf0f kbf{ k|ltsf:jk l;sf] efj b]vfpg 7:; kg{ 7:sf]
f] ug{ . @= emsf]{ dfg] af]Ng ems{g . > 7:sfO gf) 7:sg] jf 7:sfpg] lqmofk|lqmof .
7:sfOg s) lqm) 7:sg] tNofOg a]v;  kflg . 7:sfpg k|) ] lqm) != 7:sg] kfg{ a]v;
 kfg{ 7:ofpg . ;) lqm) @= ckfgjfo 5f]8\g . 7l:sg c) lqm) 7:; klg 7:sg . 7
:s]lj) 7:; kg]{ :jefjsf] 7:sg] . 7:sf] gf) sg} sf0fdf s;}l;t l;fpFbf jf emf]s kf]Vtf
f] dgf]efj a]v;L . ~ d:sf] gf) l;fpFbf jf emf]s kf]Vtf b]vfOg] xfpefp cyjf rfn9fn 7
:ofs7;s emsf]{kmsf]{ . 7:SofO gf) [ 7l:s ( ofO)] 7l:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 7:
SofOg s) lqm) 7l:sg] kflg 7::ofOg . 7:Sofpg k|) ] lqm) 7l:sg] kfg{ 7::ofpg . 7:
ofs7;s lqm) lj) [c) d") 7;s\ (l))] dg gk]sf dflg;l;t sf ubf{ l; bafP jf s]xL jf:tf
L dg gkbf{gkb}{ klg clncln af]n ] cfsnemsn dfq sf uL . 7:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 7;\ ;]
;t dg gkg]{ sf jf sf0fn] 7:sg] uL 7:; . 7:;f gf) [k|f) 7lc] != cfjZostfeGbf a];L jf
O{ b]vfpgsf lglDt ulg] 7fF6afF6 ;fg . @= jfkm wfs . #= 3dG8 ;]vL . 7l:;g c) lqm) [7
] 7:; kg{ 7l:;g 7l:sg . > 7::ofO gf) 7l:;g] jf 7::ofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
7::ofOg s) lqm) 7:; kflg . 7::ofpg ;) lqm) != s;}nfO{ 7:; kfg{ 7::ofpg lr9fpg
. @= dg gk] klg lbg jf fVg 7:Sofpg . #= cfjfh glg:sg] uL ckfgjfo 5f]8\g . 7x\g
lqm) [;+) :yfj g] != sg} sf jf ljifosf] 7x xg lgZro xg . @= sg} 7fpFdf l:y eP
g cf;g hdfpg . #= lj>fd ug{ c8\g f]lsg . $= ;flat xg . > 7x gf) != a}7s, ;ef c
lbff sg} sf jf ljifodf ljrfljdz{ jf 5nkmnkl5 ulg] c7f]6 kflt

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65

7f8f]l7u ' L 7f8f] gf) k|foM k'fgf] efF8f] jf e'Q] xltofnfO{ emf]sdf x]nf u] elgg
pbf) kfgL Nofpg] Pp6f ePsf] 7fF8f] klg r'lxP cfkb} v]nfof] . v'sL klg gfd dfq}sf] 5,
7fF8f]n] df;' y'
\g klg ufx|f] eof]) . 7fOnL lj) x]) 7flxFnL . 7fOnf] lj) x]) 7flxFnf
] . 7fp gf) [;+) :yfg] != sg} lglZrt :yn jf 6'
u \ f] :yfg hUuf . @= sg} sfdsfsf] t
ylt . #= df}sf cj; . $= kb . ~ g 7x gf) cldNbf] jf ;fF3'f] 7fpF . ~ ;L gf) k:k 7fp
v]lng], s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . ~ ;fL gf) Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf ;g]{ jf ;fg]{ sfd .
7fsl7Ss7fsl7s gf) [ (l)) 7Ls] tDtofL 7Ls7fs . 7fs7's gf) [ 7fs7f]s] != rsf{rsL{ gk
;fgf] vfnsf] emu8f ;fwf0f egfeg . lqm) lj) @= ;fdfGo kdf afemfafem eP . #= sg} sfdsf
f ljifoj:t' 7Ls;Fu ldNg] uL . $= xn'sf rfnn] 7Ss nfUg] uL . %= ;Def]u lqmof . 7fs7f
]s gf) [ 7f]s (l))] 7f]Sg] sfd . 7fs' gf) [;+) 7Ss] != b]jtf O{Zj . @= :jfdL dfln
t kf]O . k'L gf) eftsf rf wfddWo] Ps wfdsf] csf]{ gfpF huGgfywfd . > 7fs'] lj) af
, cfZro{ cflbaf6 pTkGg dgf]efj JoQm ubf{ k|s6 x'g] zAb . (pbf) hfnLkm6fxfn] ufpFd
f a:g klg glbg] eP 7fs], ca sxfF hfpmF ) 7f8sG8] gf) [7f8f]sG8f]] kl5Nnf] efu 7f8f] k
f] lxF8\g] Ps hftsf] sldnf] . 7fl8g c) lqm) [7f8f] O g] 7f8f] xg 7l8g . 7f8L lj)
f] O{] != vf] :jefj ePsL 7L{ . @= 7f8f]sf] n3 jf kf]yL k . gf) #= 7f8f l; xg] ufO{e;
F} Lsf] af]nfpg] gfd . ~ gfr gf) != Ps k|sfsf] nf]sgfr . @= bf}8fbf}8L kg]{ sfd Psb
d} km;b { gePsf] l:ylt . ~ ax gf) dvaf6 kfgL aUg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u ax . ~ l;of gf) go
F uf]? ;wfpgsf lglDt tfGg nufOg] ;fwgljz]if l3:;f . 7f8] lj) [7f8f] P] != 7f8f] :jef
jsf] vf] afgLa]xf] ePsf] 7f]{ . @= ;Eotf lzi6tf ghfGg] uFjf . #= ;Lwf dfly p7]sf]
. ~ plgppGo' gf) pGo"sf] Ps hft . ~ 6Kkf gf) df?gL gfrdf ufOg] Ps yL r8\sf fu . 7f8}
m) lj) [7f8f]P]] != a:t} ga;L cfpFbfcfpFb} lxF8] ;f]em} . ~ v'f lqm) lj) a:g} gkfO{
;fO{sg . 7f8f] lj) [k|f) 78\9] != v8f ePsf] jf x]sf] plePsf] (v, dflg;, j:t' O)) . @
= vf] :jefj jf afgL ePsf] 7f]{ . #= lk7"Fn] cf8 lnP 5ftL b]lvg] uL kN6]sf] jf
522

n]6]sf] pQfg] lrt k]sf] . $= gd| gePsf] cljgLt . %= lgodfg';f geO{ ;f]em} ePsf] (cfb]
z, sfafO{ cflb) . ~ vf];j ' f gf) != ljz]iftM f0ffsfndf >L # dxffhn] sg} JolQmnfO{ gf
]sLaf6 7f8} vf]:g] ulPsf] sfd jf rng . lj) @= To;L vf]l;Psf] jf vf];j ' fdf k]sf] (s
d{rfL) . ~ hjfkm gf) em6k6 lbOPsf] pQ sf]f hjfkm . 7fg\g ;) lqm) [k|f) 7f < ;+) :yf
] != sg} sfsf ljifodf c8sn ug{ cgdfg nufpg lrtfpg ;Demg sNkgf ug{ . @= sg} s
wf0ff lglZrt ug{ 7xfpg . 7fgf gf) [ yfgf] yfgf sf]tjfnL 7"nf] kln; rf}sL . 7flgg
lqm) [7fg\ O g] != c8sn ulg lrtfOg . ;) lqm) @= lgZro ug{ 7xfpg . 7fg]bf gf) [
yfgfsf] xflsd k|xLrf}sLsf] dVo clwsfL . 7fd gf) [7fpF < :yfg] 7fpF yft . 7fn lj) [
+) :yfn] != ufpF3 jf a:tLdf cfgf] x}sd ePsf] cfg} k|efj jf k|eTj hdfP a;]sf] k|ltli7
(JolQm) . @= k|wfg dVo . #= dxfhg ;]7 wgL . gf) $ wgLdfgL tyf x}sd ePsf] JolQm .
%= d]xgt guL P];cffddf hLjg latfpg rfxg] dflg; . 7f;\g ;) lqm) [;+) :yf g] != vfFbLv
fFbL jf c6fO{gc6fO{ xfNg sf]Rg . @= d}yg  ug{ . 7f;7; lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) 7
; \ c] k]6 gldnL aflx dfq} clncln af]Ng] jf sfd ug]{ uL 7:ofs7;s . 7fl;g s) lqm) [
7f;\ O g] != 7f:g] sfd ulg . 7flxnL lj) [7flxFnf]O{] != hGdsf f]nn] h]7Lb]lv uGb} hf
kfFrf}F sflxFnLeGbf kl5sL (5f]L, alxgL O)) 7fOFnL . gf) @= hGdsf f]ndf kfFrf}F k]sL
:qL ;Gtfg . #= 7flxFnfsL hf]O{ . 7flxnf] lj) hGdsf f]nn] h]7f]bl] v uGbf kfFrf}F sfl
xFnf]kl5sf] (efO, 5f]f] O)) 7fOFnf] . gf) @= hGdsf f]ndf kfFrf}F k]sf] k'?if ;Gtfg .
l7u'fO gf) [ l7u ' f] (cfO)] l7Fu'lg] jf l7Fu'fpg] lqmof k|lqmof l7F/  fO . [
c) lqm) l7Ful' g nfOg' . l7u'fpg' c) lqm) afnLla?jf ;'St} hfg' jf ;Knfpg g;Sg' s7f
\l
l7Ful' g' . l7u'lg c) lqm) [l7Fuf] O g] != kfgL gkfP jf zLtn] vfP af]6la?jfx 6
;St} hfg afnL g;Knfpg jf lvOg l7l/g . @= hf8fn] slqmg s7f\lu|g . l7u'L gf
!= s7dxfnsf] sd . @= sf7sf 6'qmf6fqmL jf dl;gf 7]psf l7
'/L . ~ dxfndfn gf) != tLg km
'6eGbf sd df]6fO ePsf sf7sf] lsQf jf tx . @= To:tf sf7sf] jf To;} ;DaGwL sfd ug]
{ cf .

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65
523
l7u ' f]l78\sf]
[l7
'ofpcfO] @= l7
'ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l7
'ofOg'

l7u ' f]! lj) [l7
\upf]] != PSnf] l7
\uf] l7
'/f] . @= 7f8f] l7
\u k]sf] . gf) #=
f] ln
\u'f] . l7u'f]@ gf) [l7
\uf]pf]] != ckfwLnfO{ y'gfdf fVbf efUgpDsg gkfpg] ug{
p;sf b'j} uf]8f l5fP s}b ug]{ sf7sf b'O{ kmn]s hf]L tfNrf dfg]{ ;fwg t'?
. ' (ofO)]
l7Ful' g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . l7u ' ofO gf) [ l7ul [l7F u ' ofpofO] @= l7F u ' o
mof jf k| l qmof . [ > ] l7u'ofOg' s) lqm) l7Ful ' g] kflg' ;Knfpg g;Sg] ufOg' . @=
u'fdf xflng' . l7u'ofpg' ;) lqm) != ckfwLnfO{ l7Fu'fdf xfNg' t'?
df xfNg' . k|]) lqm
l7Ful' g] kfg'{ ;Knfpg g;Sg] kfg'{ . l78'Nsf] gf) ;fgf] sf7sf] luF8 . l78s \ ] lj) [
7F8s \ f]P] l7F8s \ f] ePsf] l7F8s \ f]h:tf] . ~ 9'
u \ f] gf) cfuf] kfg]{ Ps k|sfsf]
v;|f] 9'
\uf] . l78\sf] gf) [ l7F8 \ N ' sf]] sf7 jf bfpfsf] uf]nf] 6'qmf] . @= rsds .
l7pf] gf) [l7
\7]
pf]] != l;Gw' a]nl' r:tfgsf dfemsf] lx
\unfh k|b]zdf kfOg], dlNn
:tf] t 7"nf] x'g] sfF8fjfn h
\unL j[Ifsf] kmn jf To;}sf] ;fx|f] laofF . @= s]6fs]6L
sf] Iffy{ a'6Lsf kdf 3fF6Ldf, xftdf jf v'fdf afFlF wg] ;f]xL kmnsf bfgf . l7s lj) !=
h:tf] x'gk ' g]{ xf] To:t} eg]h:tf] l7Ss . @= ;'xfpFbf] ldNbf] b'?:t dgfl;a plrt . #
lylt jf yfGsf] nfu]sf] tx nfu]sf] . $= of]Uo z'4 . %= lglZrt kSsf . 7fs gf) != sg}
fdsfsf] plrt aaGbf]a:t kSsfkSsL . lj) @= tGb'?:t tDtof . ~ b'?:t lj) h:tfsf] t:tf]
] ;'xfpFbf] . l7sl7s lqm) lj) [c) d") l7s\c (l))] kmfNt' jf a]dtnasf sfdf klg z
\sf
6Ls6L ug]{ 9
\ul;t . > l7sl7s] lj) != lrQ a'emfpg g;lsg] afgL ePsf] l7sl7s ug]{ :jefj
sf] gf6Ls6L ug]{ . @= sDk 5'6fP bfFt ahfpg] lsl;dsf] (hf8f]) . l7Ss lj) [ 7Ls] eg]h:t
f] 7Ls . sf] lj) g 7"nf] g ;fgf] eg]h:tf] . ~ l7Ss lj) lrtfP jf eg]h:tf] 7Lssf 7Ls .
~ l7Ss} lj) Tolt c;n jf pDbf gePsf] dWod >]0fLsf] demf}nf vfn] . l7uf] gf) v]tsf] cfn
L, sg' cflb vGg]ldnfpg] v]tfnf] jf afp;] f]kfOF ubf{sf] sf]bfn] HofdL . l7
'/fO gf)x])
l7Fu/ ' fO . l7
'l/g c)lqm)x]) l7Ful/g . l7/L gf)x]) l7Fu/L . l7/f] gf)x]) l7F
f] . l7ofO gf) [ l7l ( ofO)] != l7lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .

s) lqm) x]) l7Fu  ofOg . l7ofpg ;) lqm) != l7fdf xfNg . @= ;Knfpg g;Sg] kfg{ .
l7\u lqm) lj) [c) d") l7\ u] != 7f8f] eP pleg] uL v8f xg] lsl;dn] 7\u|\ . @= PSn
P . l7\uf gf) bx|f] vfnsf] nL (h:tf] jh|l7\uf) nf7f] . k lqm) lj) != pleOxg] r
] pleo} . gf) @= To:tf] dflg; . l7\lug c) lqm) [l7\uf] O g] != l7\uf] jf PSnf] xg
= l7\u pleg PSnf] jf 7f8f] eP a:g . #=gd| gxg ggxg  . l7\u ] lj) [l7\uf] P] !
sf]xL gePsf] Psnf] . @= 7f8f] . ~ rf] gf) lxpFbsf] hg]nL ftdf a:tLsf] glhs cfP PSn}
a:g] rf] hf]uLrf] . ~ ;Nnf] gf) ;lnf] cUnf] b]lvg] ;Nnfsf] Ps hft . l7\uf] lj) [l
!= pleOxg] afgL ePsf] 7f8] 78Nnf] . @= ;f]emf] uL plePsf] 7f8f] . #= hxfgkljf jf
L, 5f]f5f]L sf]xL gePsf] PSnf] . $= gf\uf] et\uf] . gf) %= v cflbsf] g9n]sf] 76f]
l7\UofO gf) [ l7\lu ( ofO)] != l7\lug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [l7\Uofp cfO] @= l7\U
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l7\UofOg s) lqm) l7\u pEofOg 78fOg . l7\Uofpg k|) ]
m) l7\u pEofpg 78fpg . l7\ lqm) lj) [c) d") l7\ ] x]) l7\u . [ > ] l7\lg c)
7\ ] lj) l7\u] . l7\f] lj) l7\uf] . l7\fO gf) l7\UofO . l7\fOg s) lqm) l7
l7\Uofpg . l76f gf) [l76f]sf] lt) )] x]) l76f] . ~ l76L gf) != l76f l76L s]6fs]6L .
@= ojfojtL t?gft?gL kf kL . ld6f gf) l76fxsf] ;d"x . (pbf) hGtLdf a"9fkfsf t
, ;a} l76fld6f dfq) . l7l6gL gf) bj}lt wf ePsf] ;fgf] taf . l76L gf) [l76f] O{] != l
]L . @= joM;lGwdf ku]sL jf ev{ of}jg r9\g nfu]sL s]6L . l76f] gf) != lszf] . @= joM
;lGwdf ku]sf] jf ev of}jg r9\g nfu]sf] s]6f] . > l76f}nL gf) != l76f]df xg] cklkSj
cj:yf l76f]kg cNnf]kgf . lj) @= l76f] cj:yfsf] l76f]df xg] jf kfOg] l76f];Fu ;DalGw
t l76f}nf] . l76f}n] lj) l76f}nL kffsf] hjfg cj:yfsf] . l76f}nf] gf)lj) l76f}nL . l76
f) l76f]kg l76f}nL . l78\s] lj) [l78\sf]P] 5f]6f, u7lPsf alnof xftuf]8f x'g] . l78\s
f] lj) [l7F8'Nsf]] != 5f]6f, u7lPsf bx|f xftuf]8f

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65

l7gfldgf7'L{ x'g] l78\s] . gf) @= bf]ifLnfO{ ;hfo lbgsf nflu afFlwg] sf7sf] 7f}sf] 3f
F8f] . l7gfldgf gf) [;]gfd]gf] != dl;gf s]6fs]6L e'fe'L . @= ;fgfltgf ;fwf0f j:t' . l
7gL gf) h'jf v]Nbf vfn]xn] cfcfgf bfpdf yfKg] jf fVg] lglZrt sd h'jfsf] afhLdf xg] b
?lkofFk; } f. l7g]ldg] lj) [ l7gfldgf] ;fwf0f lsl;dsf] ;fgf]ltgf] . l7Gsf] gf) [ 7'Gs
]] af0fsf] cufl8klsf] tLvf] efu jf 7'Gsf] af0fsf] 6'Kkf] . l7dfxf lj) [l7Ddncfxf] !=
cGthf{tLo :qLk'?ifsf] ;DaGwaf6 hGd]sf] l7Ddn j0f{;
\s . @= leGgfleGg} cGgsf aLp ldl;
P pld|Psf] jf plAhPsf] (cgfh) gfef] . l7Dg' gf) b"wsf] d'G6f] . l7Ddnl7Dd' lj) j0f{;
\
7dfxf . l7lxlbf] lj) [l7lxlbf]] l7lxofpg] ;fx|} lr;f] . l7lxlg c) lqm) [l7lxf]
g l7lxofpg . l7lxf] gf) [k|f) l7] != xftuf]8f sS|ofpg] uL xg] hf8f] 7G8L . @= To:
lsl;dsf] tifff] jf zLt . l7lxofO gf) [ l7lxL ( ofO )] != l7lxlg] lqmof jf k| l qmof
l7lxofp cfO ] @= l7lxofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] l7lxofOg c) lqm) l7lxf] nflug w
r;f] x g  . l7lxofpg c) lqm) != hf8fn] xftuf] 8 f sS|ofpg c;fWo} lr;f] xg .
@= l7lxf] nfUg l7lxlg . l7lxofx6 gf) l7lxofpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmof k|lqmof l7lxo
qm) lj) [c) d")] gfsaf6 l;Fufg lgsfNbf jf k'5\tf zAb cfpg] uL ;LF . ~ 7L lqm) lj) !=
ufO{uf]? cflb h'Wbf gfs ahfP . @= l5FSbf zAb cfpg] uL . #= km'Ok F mfOF u] ;]vL ub}{
. 7'u \ g ;)lqm)x]) 7g \ . 7u gf)x]) 7'
. 7'ufOgf) [ 7u\ (cfO)] 7'FUg
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 7'u fOg' s) lqm) 7'FUg nfOg' . 7'ufpg' k|]) lqm) 7'FUg nfpg' 7'Fu
fOdf kg'{ . 7'8 N ' sf] gf) [7'8 F f]pNsf]] sf7sf] luFl8Psf] 7"nf] 6'qmf luF8N ' sf
] 7'8 F f] . 7'8 ] lj) [7'8 F f]P] != b'R5 d'v ePsf] b'd'{vf . @= nfdf], tLvf] r'Rr
] ePsf] . :qL) 7'F8L . 7'8f]! gf) [;+) t'08] != 8'F8f] xft . @= rf cflbsf] r'Rrf] 6'
F8f] . #= xft jf d'v (t'R5 jf x]nfsf] cy{df) . 7'8f]@ gf) [ 7'6f]] v sf6]kl5 hldgdf
ar]sf] 7"6f] 7F8 ' N ' sf] . 7'cf gf) uLtff g} k:k ulg] k|Zgf]Q h'jfL . ~ v]Ng'
524

6') uLtff k|Zgf]Q jf aftlrt ug'{ . 7'qmg c) lqm) [ 8qmg] != l;fP jf h\luP r8\s
Ng 8qmg . ;) lqm) @= gl;xt lbg xKsfpg xsfg{ . > 7qmfO gf) 7qmg] sfd jf lsl;d
. 7qmfOg s) lqm) 7qmg nfOg . 7qmfpg k|) ] lqm) 7qmg nfpg 7qmfpg . 7lqmg
 c) lqm) != 7qmg . @= r8\sf :jn] af]lng 8lqmg . 7S|ofO gf) 7lqmg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . 7\g ;) lqm) [7\ g] != rfsf rRrfn] 3f]k]em}F uL xfGg rfn] 6f]Sg
 . @= ;k{, laR5L cflb ljiffn hGtn] 8:g . #= afaf laemfpg] uL eGg 3f]rk]r ug{ 6f
]s:g . 7 gf) [;+) t08] xftsf bj} a"9L cf}Fnfsf g hf]] dv ldnfpFbf xg] rRr] cfs
f To:tf] cfsf kf] skfn cflbdf lyRg] sfd 7Fu . ~ dfg { 6) a"9L cf}Fnfsf g hf]]
df lyRg k8\sfpg lnvf cflb dfg{ . 7fO gf) [ 7\ ( cfO)] 7\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
[ > ] 7fOg s) lqm) 7\g nfOg . 7fpg k|) ] lqm) 7g \ nfpg . 76f76L gf) [76
6f]] ;fgf7"nf 76fxsf] ;d"x . 76L gf) [76f] O{] != rf, wfuf], kf]t] cflb gePsL jf
gnufPsL :qL ljwjf :qL fF8 . @= sf]xL gePsL :jf:gLdfG5]nfO{ ufnL ubf{ elgg] zAb . ~
afL gf) 767 } 6  f ePsf] afL jf v]t . 76 ] lj) [76f] P] != s]xL efu 6lqmPsf] jf s
fl6Psf] (sg} nfdf] j:t, skfn cflb) . gf) @= hfF3] s6\6 . 76f] gf) [k|f) 707] !=
sfl6P, efFlrP jf 6lqmP ar]sf] vsf] 7F8Nsf] jf sg} nfdf] j:tsf] cjz]if . @= lnF8f
] 8F8f] . lj) #= 76] . > 76f}f] gf) rf]6laF8Lsf] 76f] jf vfgL fVg] efF8f] vfgL
;7LbfgL (P:6]) . 7Gsg c) lqm) [7Gsf] g] 7lGsg 6lqmg . > 7GsfO gf) 7Gsg] lqmo
jf k|lqmof . 7Gsf7GsL gf) [7Gsf] 7Gsf]] ;fgfltgf 7Gsfxsf] ;d"x . 7lGsg c) lqm)
[7Gsf] O g] != sg} sdnf] j:t k6Ss efFlrg jf 6lqmg . @= t?n, sfFqmf], km;L{ cfl
b j:t luFl8g Rjf l5lgg . 7Gsf] gf) [k|f) 707] k|foM sdnf] j:tsf] ;fgf] df]6f]
6qmf] s8\sf] (t?n cflbsf]) . 7GSofO gf) [ 7lGs ( ofO)] != 7lGsg] sfd jf lsl;d . [
7GSofp cfO] @= 7GSofpg] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] 7GSofOg s) lqm) 7GSofpg nfOg 6So
| fOg . 7GSofpg k|]) lqm) 6qmf6qmf kfg{ s8S \ ofpg 6So | fpg . 7dL gf) [l
:yfoL cGtf dfq} xg] Ps k|sfsf] k|rlnt uLt jf fu . 7L{ gf) db|0f lrXg jf 5fk gnfu
sf] kfgf] 8Nn] k};f .

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65
525

7n7nf]7]s klt . #= h]7f] 5f]fnfO{ elgg] :g]xjfrL zAb . ~ e6df; gf) lkmsf, s}nf] 7
"nf] u]8f xg] e6df; . ~ eG6f gf) af]6 kftdf sfF9f gxg] 7"nf] vfnsf] eG6f . ~ le8
f gf) ] f] gf) 7"nf] vfnsf] nf6f]sf]; ] f]sf] 7"nf] eG6f . ~ nf6f] sf]; Ps hft . ~ ;
fem gf) a]ns ' f dflg; 7Dofpg g;lsg] uL emdSs cFWoff] eO;s]kl5sf] ;do afSnf] ;fFem .
~ l;? gf) 7"nf] Ps hftsf] l;? OIf'bef{ . \ c (l))] != sg} sfdf 7';7'; lqm) lj) [c) d
7'; lrQ ga'bf clncln sGb} f]P . @= ;8]un]sf j:t' ugfPem} F eO{ . #= clncln uL ckfgjfo
' 5f] 8 ] . > 7';7';tL7';7';L lqm) lj) cem l56f] 7';7'; u] . 7'l:sg c) lqm) 7:sg
;g . > 7:SofO gf) 7l:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 7:SofOg s) lqm) 7l:sg nfOg 7:S
ofpg k|]) lqm) 7l:sg] kfg{ h\Uofpg . 7:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 7; \ ;] != l;n] wDd
;Ss . @= ;8]sf] j:t ugfPem}F 8 \ . #= la:tf} ckfgjfo 5f]8] . > 7l:;g c) lqm) wD
k] gaf]nL a:g 7:; kg{ 7:sg . 7::ofO gf) 7l:;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 7::ofpg k
]) lqm) 7:; kfg{ l; p7fpg h\Uofpg . 7::ofx6 gf) 7l:;g] sfd jf lsl;d . 7]psf 7]p
sL gf) [7]psf] 7]psf]] ;fgf7"nf w]} 7]psfsf] ;d"x . 7]psf] gf)x]) != 7\of}sf] . @= cN
nf/] s]6f] . 7]pnf gf) Hjf] cfpg], 5fnf lrnfpg] kfgL elPsf] 7"n7"nf kmf]sf p7\g] Ps
k|sfsf] ;\qmfds f]u lakmsf] Ps e]b . 7]plng c) lqm) != s;};Fusf] sfsfgL jf 5nkmn
m kmsf{pg g;s] xfg{ 7Ss vfPkl5 To;af6 kG5g jf k x6\g . @= sg} pkfo gxg . > 7]pNo
fO gf) 7]plng] jf 7]pNofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 7]pNofOg s) lqm) 7]pNofpg] sfd ulg . 7
]pNofpg k|) ] lqm) s;}nfO{ sfsfgLdf xfpg gfhjfkm kfg{ sg} sfdsfaf6 kG5fpg . 7]
rRrf], 8F8fNg kR5sf] dfem v}f], 3fF6L unfkmL c zL gLnf] xg] kIfLljz]if . 7]s\
lqm) [7]s g] sg} sfdsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ dflg;, ?lkofF, ;do cflb lgot ug{ 7]s lglZ
rt ullbg tf]Sg . > 7]sfO gf) 7]Sg] sfd jf lsl;d . 7]sfOg s) lqm) 7]Sg nfOg . 7]s
fpg k|]) lqm) 7]ssf] lgwf] ufpg 7]Sg nfpg . 7]lsg s) lqm) 7]Sg] sfd ulg . 7]s gf
[7]Ssf] != ;flnGbf aemfpg] ulPsf] ltf] jf b:t . @= lgot b jf ;dodf sg} sfd k"f ug]
af]n saf]n, Ohff 7]Ssf . #= 7]Ssfdf aemfpgkg]{ sd jf dfn;fdfg . bf gf) 7]s lng]
Qm 7]Ssfdf sfd ug]{

7n7nf] lj) [7nf] 7nf]] != clncln 7"nf] . @= lgs} 7"nf]7n " f] . 7nyu]7'ny'
] gf)
7"nf]y'Fuf]y'
f]] 7"n7"nf] y'Fuf x'g] Ps hftsf] ;okqL . 7'ngfgL gf) [7'nLgfgL] h]7L 5f
]L, alxgL cflbnfO{ elgg] zAb . 7'nf lj) [;+) :y"n] != 7"nf]sf] cfbfyL{ tyf ax'jrg k 7
"nf] . ~ 7fn' gf) 7"nf / 7fn'sf] ;d"x 7"nf]a8f] . ~ af gf) 7"nf] afa' jf 7"nf afa's
f] 5f]6sL k . ~ afa' gf) 7"nf] afa'sf] cfbfyL{ k . 7'nL lj) [7"nf]O{] != klxn] hGd]s
f cfPsL h]7L . @= dfg jf zLsf] sb cflbn] a9L . gf) #= 7"nfsL :jf:gL . ~ cfdf gf) !=
cfgL cfdfsL lbbL . @= 7"nf afa'sL :qL . ~ lbbL gf) h]7L lbbL . df gf) 7"nL cfdf . 7
'nf] lj) [;+) :y"n] != cfsfk|sf jf ndfOrf}8fO prfOsf lx;fan] a9L ePsf] ch
sf] 9Aa"
. @= ceGbf klxn] hGd]sf] h]7f] . #= OHht, zlQm, x}l;ot cflbdf ceGbf a9\tf ePsf] ljz
]if dxjsf] . ~ pBf]u gf) demf}nf pBf]ueGbf 7"nf] sDkgL sfg'gcg';f jf ;sfL :jfldTjdf
Ng] sg} ljz]if pBf]u . ~ PsfbzL gf) != sflt{s z'SnkIfdf kg]{ PsfbzL xlaf]lwgL PsfbzL
. @= c;f z'SnkIfdf kg]{ PsfbzL xlzogL PsfbzL . ~ cf]vtL gf) ;'k, u'lnof] cflbl;t kL
7fdf ldnfO{ l3pdf ksfP vfFbf ;'Ts]L hLp b'Vg]xsf] cf
afFlwg] k|l;4 Ps hftsf] a'6L .
~ sfu'g ' gf) 7"nf] af]6 7"nf u]8f x'g] Ps hftsf] sfu'g' . ~ s'f] gf) nfDrf kft x'g
], nfdf sf];f kmNg] ;]tf km"n km'Ng] Ps hftsf] j[If jf To;}sf] kmn s6h . ~ s]fp gf)
;]tf 7"nf u]8f x'g] Ps hftsf] s]fp . ~ u'b gf) u'Gb|L a'lgg] 7"nf] Ps hftsf] u'b
F (emf) . ~ rf]6 gf) != xltof, nf7L cflbsf] k|xfaf6 ePsf] 7"nf] 3fp . @= dflg;nfO{
s;}n] a]OHhtL ubf{ d'v b]vfpg gx'g] l:ylt . ~ 7fn' gf) ufpF jf ;dfhsf] d'Vo JolQm
. ~ tfk| ] gf) 7"nf kft x'g,] kx]n F f km"n ds}af]8Lsf h:tf sf];f kmNg] Ps hftsf
] tfk|s ] f] af]6 jf To;}sf] sf];f 7"nf] hftsf] l5gl5g] . ~ ltt] lk8fn' gf) Pp6} sf
08df nfDrf kft x'g], 6'Kkfdf xlof] v}f] ldl>t km"n km'Ng], hfdf 5fkLh:tf] kf]6L s;'
tf] bfgf x'g], lxdfndf kfOg] a'6Lljz]if hLjs . ~ kmd{ gf) != w]} k'h F L dflg;x ldnf
O{ pBf]uwGbf rnfpg u7g ulPsf] sfd jf 7fpF . @= g]kfn sfg'gadf]lhd v]tLdf 5AaL; la
3fb]lv krf; la3f;Ddsf] Ps} vfon ;dy hUuf . ~ ao gf) nfDrf kft, kx]n F f km"n nfDrf
xlof kmn nfUg] sfF8fjfn v jf To;sf] kmn . ~ a8f] lj) d'Vo ultnf] . ~ afa' gf) != afa
'sf bfh' h]7f] afa' . @= cfdfsf] legfh' 7"nLcfdfsf

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65

7]sg7]; dflg; 7]s]bf . bfL gf) 7]sbfsf] sfd jf k];f 7]s]bfL . 7]sg gf) [7]psf]c
sf], 6]jf cflbsf] tnlt 7f]lsg] r'sn . @= sSs8, ufFhf cflb vfFbf lrlndsf Kjfndf flvg
] 9'
\uf], va6f cflbsf] 6'qmf] jf 7]8L . 7]sf gf) != bxLdxL flvg] sf7sf] efF8f] . @=
enfof]sf u]8fsf] e]6\gfklsf] efu . ~ ef8f gf) uf]7 jf uf]zfnf cflbdf b"wbxL flvg] e
fF8fsF8fsf] ;d"x . 7]sL! gf) [7]sf]O{] bxL, dxL, l3p, t]n cflb flvg] sf7sf] efF8f] ;f
gf] 7]sf] . 7]sL@ gf) [7]sO{] 7]safktsf] sd jf b:t' . ~ kmn gf) Ps hftsf] vfg x'g] km
n kmNg] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . ~ e]6L gf) != sg} 7]s lglZrt ubf{ 7]s kfpg]n] bftfnf
O{ lbOg] b:t' . @= kxf8L v08sf tfn'sbfn] }tLnfO{ sg} hUufsf] axfnL lbPafkt lng] b:t'
. 7]s'jf! gf) [d})] vh'Lsf 9fFrfsf] Ps lsl;dsf] ld7fO{ 7s'jf . 7]s'jf@ lj) [7]s\pjf]
!= olt egL tf]lsPsf] 7]lsPsf] (sg} sfd, sf, b:t' O)) . @= 7]Sg] . 7]sf] gf) bxL, dxL
flb xflng] sf7sf] 7"nf] 7]sL . 7]Ssf gf) != hUuf sdfPafkt a;]{lg df]xLn] tlN;
nfO{
a'emfpg'kg]{ cGgafnL jf st . @= sg} cfvfgf jf ;+:yfnfO{ lgoldt ;dodf lglZrt kldf0fdf
lbOxg'kg]{ sa'ncg';fsf] vfB j:t' jf rLhaLh . #= lglZrt b jf sddf lgwf{lt ;doleq k"f
g'{kg]{ sg} lgdf{0f;DaGwL sfdsf] sa'n . $= af]nsaf]ncg';f ulg] sg} klg sfdsf] lhDdf 7
]s Ohxff . ~ sa'lnot gf) P]gsfg'gadf]lhd tf]lsPsf] sfd tf]lsPsf] ;dodf u?Fnf a'emfp
Fnf egL 7]Ssf lng]n] ;t{adf]lhd n]lvlbg] sfut . ~ s gf) 7]Ssfkf lng] 7]sbfn] 7]Ssfsf
cfwfdf a'emfpg'kg]{ s jf sd . ~ kf gf) 7]Ssf lng] 7]sbfn] n]lvlbg] 7]Ssfsf] sa'lnot
7]ufg7]ufgf gf) != 3 jf 8]f u] a;]sf] sg} lglZrt 7fpF yftynf] kQf (pbf) tkfO{Fsf
fgf l6lklbg'xf];\ x} .) . @= sg} sfdsfsf] 6'
\uf] nfUg] jf lylt a:g] sfd lgwf] yfGsf]
(pbf) 3sf] emd]nfsf] aNn 7]ufg nfUof]) . #= sg} sfd jf sfsf] aGbf]a:t k|aGw . (pbf)
Oxsf] k9\g] 7]ufg ldnfP d 3 cfpF5') . 7]
u \ d ]|
' u \ ]| gf) [7]
u \ f | ] d'
u \
ckfwLxnfO{ l7Fu ' fdf xfnL lbOg] Ps k|sfsf] ;hfo . 7]
\u|f] gf) nx]bf tsfL jf kmn
?jfsf] lemqmf] emfn emf
. 7]6 lj) [lx) 7]7] d"n kdf x]sf] ld;fj6 gePsf] rf]vf] gld
'4 emf]{ .
526

7]6 gf) [c
\) lyP6]
\ud~rdf v]nfOg] jf k|blz{t ulg] gf6s tyf gfrufg . 7]6j ' f gf) [
] 3a'gfsf] ;]tf] sk8fljz]if . \ ] ' != e'6b \ f km"n gp7]sf ds} cflb . @= 7]6\gf g
f) [ 7]6g chsN6f jf ga'g] s]6fs]6L . ~ d]6g \ f gf) To:tf dl;gf w]} s]6fs]6L e'fe'L
]6\g'7]6\gf] gf) != ds}, h'g]nf] cflb e'6\tf k"mn gp7]sf] bfg' c6]g'{ . @= chsN6f]
jf ga'g] s]6f] . 7]8 gf) [7]s] != d} x'F eGg] JolQm 7fn' gfOs] . lj) @= lhfxf hf]wfxf
. > 7]8L gf) != l3pt]n cflbsf 7]sLdf nufOg] sf7sf] ;fgf] lasf]{ ahf] . @= ufFhf, s
Ss8 cflb vfg]n] lrlndsf Kjfndf fVg] 9\uf], va6f cflbsf] ;fgf] 6qmf] 7]sg . 7]n\g ;
) lqm) [;+) 6n g] != l3;fg{ jf u8fpg xg] sg} j:tnfO{ 3r]6g \  k]Ng ws]Ng . @=
sg} j:tnfO{ efF8fdf vfFb\g ;fF3f] 7fpFdf sf]Rg . #= cnfO{ 76fpgsf lglDt wSsf lbg
 cFr6 ] g \  lyRg . 7]n gf) [7]n\ c] != af9Lsf] kfgL kfvftkm{ cfpg] sfd . @= 3r]6f
O . ~ uf8L gf) 7]n ] lxF8fOg] rSsfuf8L 7]nfuf8L . ~ k]n gf) != 7]Ng] k]Ng] sfd . @=
atfn] e]6; ] Ddsf] k|of; antn . #= lnF8]l9kL x7 . 7]nd7]n gf) [7]n \ 7]n] != w]} hgf
n] cfkm;df Psn] csf{nfO{ 7]Ng] jf ws]Ng] sfd 7]nf7]n . @= lxF8\g jf l5g{ ufx|f]
kg]{ eL8 3OFrf] . > 7]nd7]nf gf) 7]nd7]n . 7]nf gf) [7]n\ cf] != 7]nf] . @= 7]nfuf8L
. 7] n fO gf) [ 7] n \ ( cfO)] 7]Ng] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] 7]nfOg s) lqm) 7]Ng nufOg
 . 7]nfpg k|]) lqm) 7]Ng nfpg 3r]6fpg . 7]nfuf8L gf) [7]nf uf8L] 7]n] jf 3r]6] rnf
g], dfn;fdfg af]Sg] rSsfuf8L lnsdf 7]n] rnfOg] ;fgf] uf8L 7]nf 7]nuf8L . 7]lng s) lq
m) [7]n \ O g] 7]Ng] sfd ulg 3r]l6g k]lng . 7]nL gf) != k:ts tyf k:tssf kqxsf]
sfutkqsf] rf t\L . @= 7"nf] k:ts . 7]nj  f lj) [7]n \ pjf] != 7]Ngkg]{ 7]lng] 7]
] . gf) @= cfgdf cfuf] kmSg] ;fgf] 9\u|f] . 7]nf]! gf) [7]n \ cf]] xltof w]} rnfP
ubf{ xftuf]8fdf p7\g] 5fnfsf] ;fx|f] 8Nnf] . 7]nf]@ gf) 9f]sfsf] rf}sf];df hldgk
l xg] t];f]{ sf7 . 7];\g ;) lqm) [7f];\ g] c6fOgc6fO u] xfNg sf]Rg vfFb\g hfS
f) [ 7f:;] lxF8\bf sf7, 9\uf cflbl;t hw] uf]8fdf nfUg] 7Ss .

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65
527

7];g7fs\g lg0f{o . 7f]qm] lj) [7f]qmf] P] != 7f]qmf] lng] 7f]qmf] leg]{ . gf) @= t]n
Ng] sf7sf] efF8f] ulof] bnfn . 7f]qmf]! gf) != af0f xfn] lkl7pFdf leg]{ afF; jf sf7
cflbsf] efF8f] . lj) @= 8f]nf], uf]nf], nfDrf] vf]qmf] ePsf] . 7f]qmf]@ gf) [7f]s cf
]] wftsf efF8fsF8fsf] Jofkf ug]{ Ps hflt . 7f]6g \ ] gf) nfDrf kft, ;]tf dl;gf km
"n, ftf ;fgf kmn cldnf] 8fF7 xg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf tsfL, crf agfP vfOg] To;}sf] 8fF
. 7f]6L gf) Ps hftsf] s5jf . 7f]6f}f] gf) [76f] of}f]] xSsf u8u8fPem}F uL sf7
;flvg] 9ssf cfsfsf], 9ssf] eGbf nfdf] dl;g rRrf] xg] uf}FynLhqf] uL bO{ lsl;
] xg] Ps hftsf] rf] . 7f]L gf) dWo g]kfnsf] leqL db]; lrtjgsf] blIf0fL e]udf kg]{
k;f{ lhNnfcGtu{tsf] k|l;4 h\unL If]q . 7f]nfafhL gf)x]) 7f]sfafhL . 7f];\g ;) lqm)
[7f]; g] != cfuf] afNbf l;L emfg{sf nflu cuN6f] 3f]Rg . @= pxL sf] afDaf eGg 3Rsf
pg . #= s;}nfO{ dvelsf] hjfkm lbg 7f]; nfpg . $= sg} j:t efF8f] cflbdf sf]Rg v
fFb\g . 7f]; gf) != s;}nfO{ lbOg] dvelsf] hjfkm 7Ss . lj) @= leq lQf] jf vf]qmf] ge
Psf] vFlbnf] . s0f gf) sg} tn kbfy{ jf afkmnfO{ 7f]; kdf kljt{g ug]{ k|lqmof . 7f]
) [ 7f];\ ( cfO)] 7f]:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 7f];fOg s) lqm) 7f]:g nfOg
. 7f];fpg k|]) lqm) 7f]:g nfpg . 7f]l;g s) lqm) 7f]:g] sfd ulg . 7f]; ] gf) [7f]
;f] P] != 3fF6Ldf nufpg] Ps lsl;dsf] uxgf . lj) @= 7f];f]h:tL tLvf rRr] :tg ePsL (
t?gL) . ~ t?gL gf) k"f hjfgL r9]sL jf a}; F n] dQ ePsL t?gL c\uk|To\u ki6 ePsL t?gL
f}jg elPsL ojtL . ~ afnf gf) rRrf k]sf ;g jf rfFbLsf afnf . 7f];f] gf) [7f]; cf]] !
= ds}, wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] af]6 sf6] afFsL x]sf] km]b . @= lgufnf cflbsf] 6;f] .
#= sg} j:tsf] 5]:sf] . 7f]:of gf) [yf)] :qLhfltn] 3fF6Ldf nufpg] rfFbLsf 7f];fxaf6
agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . 7f} gf) [7x] 7fpF ynf] . ~ 7]ufg gf) xg]a:g] :yfg yftyn
7f gf) [g]jf) Yof] != cfgf] glhs}sf] kg]{ jf ;dfg hftsf] gftfbf . @= vf; uL If]qLxdf
jjflxtf kTgLaf6 hGd]sf ;GtfgnfO{ hgfpFbf k|oQm xg] zAb . 7fs\g ;) lqm) [7fFs g] !=
7fFs vjfpg unxQL

7];g gf) [7]; cg] efLdf bj}klsf] tf}n afa kfg{ Psfkl ylkg] cf]hg jf j:t . 7];d7];
7];\ 7];] c6fOgc6fO xg] uL c6];d6]; 7]nd7]n vfFbfvfFb . 7];fO gf) [ 7];\ ( cfO)] 7]:
d jf lsl;d . [ > ] 7];fOg s) lqm) 7]:g nfOg sf]rfOg . 7];fpg k|]) lqm) 7]:g nfp
g sf]rfpg . 7]l;g s) lqm) 7]:g] sfd ulg vfFlbg sf]lrg . 7]l:;g c) lqm) [7f:;
a:bf, lxF8\bf s;}nfO{ wSsf nfUg 7f]lsg 3r]l6g . @= eL8 jf ;fF3f] ePsf 7fpFdf s
f]lrg vfFlbg . #= sg} j:t l;fP jf kmGs] flvg . $= cnfO{ dg gkg]{ uL a:g . > 7]
gf) 7]l:;g] jf 7]::ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 7]::ofOg s) lqm) 7]l:;g nfOg wSsf nufOg
. 7]::ofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != wSsf nufpg 3r]6\g . @= l;fP jf kmGs] fVg . 7f]
8\sf}Fnfsf lsl;dsf], s8fbf, 7f8f] 7"nf] efF8f]ljz]if vf;L . 7f]s\g ;) lqm) != s;}nf
O{ xft, nL cflbn] hf]8;Fu lxsf{pg s6\g . @= kmnfdsf] 3gn] wftsf kftf, efF8f cflb
df xfGg lk6\g . #= uhfn] 9f\\u|f], bdfxf, guf cflb afhf ahfpg . $= sg} j:tff csf
j:tnfO{ jf dflg;n] dflg;nfO{ g} 7Ss lbg . %= s;}nfO{ s:tL, kxndfgL, n8fOF cflbdf
lhTg kf:t ug{ . ^= s;}nfO{ tx nfpg ;flat jf sfon kfg]{ uL eGg . &= sg} sf jf lj
sf] lgwf] ug{ lg0f{o ug{ . > 7f]s7fs gf) 7f]Sg] jf lk6\g] sfd lk6kf6 . 7f]sg] gf)
rfdnsf] kL7f]af6 l3pt]ndf ksfPsf] kLh:tf] s]xL afSnf] vfBj:t afa . 7f]sf! gf) l76f
l76Ln] uLtdf kfn}l;t ulg] k|Zgf]Q hxfL 7cf . 7f]sf@ gf) [yf)] yfhfltsf :qLxn] gf
pg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . 7f]sfO gf) [ 7f]s\ ( cfO)] 7f]Sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 7f]s
fOg s) lqm) 7f]Sg nfOg . 7f]sfpg k|]) lqm) 7f]Sg nfpg r6fpg . 7f]sf7f]s gf) [7
f]s\ cf 7f]s\] k:ksf] 7f]sfO jf lk6fO cfk;df s6\g]lk6\g] sfd lk6flk6 dffdf . 7f]sfa
f]s \ afhL] != k:kdf xg] xfgyfk xf]8afhL 7f]nfafhL . @= sg} sf0faf6 bO{ yLdf xg]
g egfj}L . 7f]lsg c) lqm) [7f]s \ O g] != 7Ss nfUg . s) lqm) @= lkl6g sl6g . #=
ulg . 7f]sjf lj) [7f]s\ pjf] != lgwf] ulPsf] lglZrt . @= 7f]lsPsf] jf 7f]s]sf] . gf
) #= sg} sf jf ljifosf] lgwf]

c:\\1saroj\sabdkosh\Tha.p65

7fs7\jf:; lbg' . @= s;}nfO{ af]Ng g;Sg] uL 7Ss lbg' kf:t ug'{ . #= 8G8Llaof] v]Nbf 8
n] laof] pkmf] xfGg] sfd ug'{ 7fFs nufpg] sfd ug'{ . 7fs gf) [7Ss] !=s;}nfO{ 3fF6L
ulg] 3f]So|fO jf d'G6fO unxQL . @= sg} sfdsfdf s;}nfO{ af]Ng g;Sg] uL lbOg] 7Ss jf
. #= 8G8Llaof]sf] v]ndf 8G8Ln] laof]nfO{ 6f9f x'ofpg] sfd . $= v]n, s:tL cflbdf cs
f] an, t'h's cflb emfg]{ sfd xf kfho . 7flsg' s) lqm) [7fFs\Og'] 7fFSg] sfd ulg
. 7fOg' s) lqm) [7fpOg'] 7fpg] sfd ulg' 7DofOg' . 7fpg ;) lqm) [7Dofp] fd|L x
fNg 7Dofpg . 7fs! gf) [c) d") 6fs] != sddf 8f]Ln] afFw ] c8\sfO{ vkf{ 3;f] lel
] ;fdfg vkf{sf] bfk . @= 8G8Ln] laof] lxsf{pg] sfd . 7fs@ gf) [ 7fSs] cfkm;sf] ldNb
f] ljrf fo dtf] . (pbf) ltgsf afa5f]fsf] k6Ss} 7fs ldNb}g) . 7s lqm) lj) sg} s
gkL ldNg] lsl;dn] 6fs6Ss . 7fsKjf gf) [g]jf)] uffsf] ; ldnfpg k|of]u ulg] 3G6Lsf c
f] ;fdfg ;fxn . 7fSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 7fs\ s] != 7Ls;Fu ldNg] jf ;xfpg] uL . @= 7Ss
Ug] jf 7Ss nfUbf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . 7f7f lqm) lj) [c) d") 7f\ c (l))] != wfts
f 7f]lsPem}F . @= afDaf 7Ss nfUg] uL . #= v, afF; cflb sf6\tf cfjfh lg:sg] rfndf . 7f
qm) lj) [c) d") 7f\ u] != wftsf efF8fsF8f v:bf jf 7f]lsFbf Ps} aflh r8\sf zAb cfpg]
528

uL . @= 7f]lsg] jf 7Ss nfUg] eP . 7fKk lqm) lj) [c) d") 7fk\ k] != sg} j:t csf]{ j:
hf]l8g] jf 7Ls;Fu ldNg] uL . @= ofn, 9f]sf, afs; cflb PsfPs ylgg] jf aGb xg] ls
l;dn] . 7fd7fd lqm) lj) [c) d") 7fd\ c (l))] != na6fn] ufnfdf wdfwd xfGg] uL . @= sg
 csf]{ j:tl;t fd|L jf wdfwd ldNg] rfndf . 7fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 7fd\ d] != na6fn] uf
fdf r8\sfpg] lsl;dn] r8f\u . @= l7Ss;Fu ldNg] uL 7fSs . #= Psbd l;l4P slQ klg gxLs
 ;) lqm) [ 7];\ g] x]) 7]:g . > 7fl;g s) lqm) 7f:g] sfd ulg 7]l;g . 7f;7f;
) d") 7f;\ c (l))] vnf rfnn] afDaf 7f; eP . 7f;7f;tL7f;7f;L lqm) lj) cem l56f]
7f;km" gf) [g]jf) Yof;km"] k:kdf kqx hf]l8Psf] Ps lsl;dsf] kfgf] 9fFrfsf] k:ts km
7f:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 7f;\ ;] != xnsf rfnn] 7Ss nfu] 7fSs . @= rfs 6]sfP jf Ps} l5
#= PsfPs KofSs . $= dg gkLsg fVg] uL . 7f}sf] gf) sf7sf] 7"nf] 6qmf] luF8Nsf] 7]p
7\jfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 7\jfs\ s] sg} ;fx|f] j:tdf lxsf{pFbf xNsf cfjfh cfpg] uL .
7\jf;7\jf; lqm) lj) [c) d") 7\jf;\ c (l))] != wdfwd jf k6fk6 cf]7] hjfkm lbg] lsl;dn
] . @= af]Nbf 7Lsa]7Ls ljrf} guL . #= afDaf cuN6f] 7f]; ] . > 7\jf;7\jf;tL 7\jf;7\j
lqm) lj) cem l56f] 7\jf;7\jf; eP . 7\jf:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 7\jf;\ ;] != 3f]Rg] lsl;d
n] cf]7] hjfkm lbg] uL . @= sg} j:t dg gkg]{ rfnn] fv] . #= 7Lsa]7Ls ljrf} guL . $=
u{lGwt xg] uL .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
529
88u8u

8
8 b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] t]xf| F} j0f{ :kzL{, d"wG{ o,
;3f] i f, cNkk| f 0f, tfl8t Jo~hgj0f{ 6ju{ s f] t] ; | f ] cIf n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{sf]
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg 8f8] 8 . 8sfO gf) [ 8fs\ (cfO)] 8fFSg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
. [ > ] 8sfOg' s) lqm) 8fFSg nfOg' . 8sfpg' k|]) lqm) 8fFSg nfpg' . 8sfxf lj) pk|m ]
fg] km8\sg] . 86fO gf) [8fF6cfO] != 8fF6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= x]) 5F;fO xKsf
. 88fO gf) [ 8f8\ (cfO)] 8fF8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 88fOg' s) lqm) 8fF8\
fOg' . 88fpg' k|]) lqm) 8fF8\g nfpg' hljfgf ltfpg' . 88fs lj) [;+) b08s] a9] jf ;k|
] b]lvPsf] 98\8" jfFs . 88fnL88fNgL gf) [8G8L] ofnsf] sf]6fndfl:t xflng] sf7 jf km
t];f]{ 8G8L . 88fNg'! gf) [;+) t08'n] 9'6f] rfn] afFsL x]sf] v;|f] e'; . 88fNg'@88fN
gf) [;+) b08] sfFwb]lv dlg sDd;Ddsf] zLsf] kl5Nnf] efu lkl7pF 9f8 . 88n ] gf) [8fF8
] != 8f]nL, tfdbfg, kfNsL cflb af]Sg] JolQm 8f]n] . @= 8F8fNg' . w'f gf) 8f]nL, kfn
sL cflbdf xg] t];f]{ sf7 8fF8L . @= g]kfn clwfHosf] ;'b" klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{
dxfsfnL c~rnsf] kxf8L s]xL leqL db];sf] efu klg x]sf] Ps lhNnf . 88n ] f] gf) [8fF
8f]Pnf]] != v jf kfnn] 5fOPsf 3sf 5fgfdf xg] d';L 8fF8f 89]nf] . @= rfn] ar]sf] v;|
; 8F8fNg' . 88fO gf) [ 88fp (cfO)] 8F8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 88fOg'
df 8fF8f xflng' . 88fpg' ;) lqm) [8fF8fofpg'] v jf kfnn] 3 5fOg] 5fgfdf 8fF8f xfNg'
f 8fF8fx afFWg' . 8;fO gf) [ 8f;\ (cfO)] 8fF:g] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] 8;fOg' s) lqm)
g nfOg' . 8;fpg' k|]) lqm) 8fF:g nfpg' 8;fpg' w'tfpg' . 8s\g ;) lqm) [k|f) 8Sg] s;}n
O{ pd], an, vjfO cflbn] bdg ug{ jf lyRg lgoGq0f ug{ P]r F g . (pbf) bfhn] 8s] xf
] ls sfG5f] ;k|g} ;s]g) . 8sdL{ gf) [g]jf) bFsld] 3 agfpFbf df6f], jh|, l;d]G6 cflb
n] hf]8L 9\uf, OF6 cflbsf] uff] nufpg] dflg; 3 agfpg] sfddf 9\uf, OF6, df6f] cflbsf
] sfd k"f ug]{ sflnu8 . 8sfO gf) [ 8s\8fs\ ( cfO)] != 8Sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @=
8fSg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8sfOg s) lqm) 8Sg nfOg bdg ug{ nfOg . 8sfpg
 k|]) lqm) bdg ufpg bafpg . 8sf\g ;) lqm) [8sf g] != k]6sf] jfo zAb;lxt 3fF6La
lx lgsfNg 8sf lemSg . @= c3fpGh]n vfg k]6 6Gg elg] uL vfg . 8sf! gf) [;+)] 8
kg]{ t];|f] cIf . 8sf@ gf) [c) d") 8 sf] k]6sf] jfo 3fF6Laf6 lgsflng] zfLls lqmof jf
] jfo lgSnFbf cfpg] cfjfh pmWj{jfo . 8sffO gf) [ 8sf\ ( cfO)] 8sfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k
lqmof . [ > ] 8sflg c) lqm) 8sf lgsflng . 8lsg s) lqm) [8s\ O g] 8Sg] sfd ulg bd
. 8sdG ] 6L gf) [c\)] P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts, wfld{s cflb dxjsf ljifoj:tdf cfwflt n3
 rnlrq j[Qlrq . 8sNNofO gf) [ 8sNNofp ( cfO)] 8sNNofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] 8sNNofOg s) lqm) csf] wgdfn krfOg yk}| vfOg . 8sNNofpg ;) lqm) != csf] wgdf
;f]xf]g{ jf krfpg . @= yk|} vfg c3fpGh]n vfg . 8s}t gf) [lx)] hah:tL n6lk6 uL
rf]L ug]{ jf cj}w cglrt tlsfn] csf] wgdfn xofpg] 8fFsf . > 8s}tL gf) 8fFsf dfg]{ s
d 8fFsfsf] sfd . 8sf]6f gf) [c\)] Ps lsl;dsf] jfoofg jf xjfO{hxfh . 8Ss lj) [;+) bz
] != sda];L guL ePhlt ;a} Psd:6 UjfDd . @= k|z:t w]} . 8SsfL gf) [;+)] ;f\uLem}F
] Ps k|sfsf] tfafhf . 8u\g c) lqm) [8udu g] != sg} eOx]sf] l:ylt, dof{bf, l;4fGt cf
f gc8\g 7fpF 5f]8\g v:sg rSg . @= 8udufpg xNng . 8u8u lqm) lj) [c) d") 8u\ c (
)] hf8f], Hjf], 8 cflbn] zL 8udufpg] jf xNng] eP yyfO{sg . > 8u8ufO gf) 8u8ufpg] e
of jf k|lqmof . 8u8ufOg c) lqm) 8u8u ulg 8udufOg . 8u8ufpg c) lqm) != 8u8u ug{ 8
udufpg xNng . @= e\u|f] eP cfuf] a];L aNg . 8u8lug c) lqm) 8u8ufOg .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

8udu8kmNsf] 8u8UofO gf) 8u8lug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 8u8Uofx6 gf) 8u8lug] lsl;d
jf sfd . 8udu lqm) lj) [c) d") 8u\ c (l)) kfgLsf] 5fnn] 8\uf, eOFrfnf]n] hldg a9f
F, ladfL tyf sdhf]Ln] dflg; cflb xNng] uL 9nkn 8u8u . 8udufO gf) 8udufpg] lqmof jf k|
qmof 9nknfO . 8udufOg c) lqm) 8udu ulg 9nknfOg . 8udufpg c) lqm) != 8udu ug{ xNn
 jf sfFKg 8u8ufpg . @= cfgf] 7fpF jf l:yltaf6 v:sg vf]Hg 9ndnfpg . 8udlug c)
lqm) 8udufpg . 8udUofO gf) 8udlug] sfd jf lsl;d . 8udUofOg c) lqm) 8udu kflg . 8
udUofpg k|) ] lqm) 8udu kfg{ . 8u gf) [ 8x] ;f]tf] uf]]6f] x]) 8x . 8ufO gf) [
8Ug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8ufOg s) lqm) 8Ug jf xNng nfOg . 8ufpg k|])
lqm) != cfgf] l:ylt, lgZro, l;4fGt cflbaf6 lufpg . @= xNnfpg sFkfpg . 8lug c) lq
m) 8udlug xlNng . 88 lqm) lj) [c) d") 8\ c (l))] != vf ahf] lxF8\bfsf] cfjfh cf
= gd j:tdf s8f j:tn] lxsf{pFbf cfjfh lg:s]em}F . #= Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ n8\g] jf k
5flg] lsl;dn] . 8\s gf) [k|f)] cl\ufn, af?nf], laR5L cflb sLfsf kR5sf 6Kkf jf rfsf
xg] ljiffn sfF9f vLn . 8\sf gf) [k|f) 808Ssf] != bdfxfh:tf] Ps lsl;dsf] 7"nf] t
fnafhf guf . @= xNnf (h:tf] 8\sf lk6fpg, 8\sf lkmFhfpg) . 8\lsgL gf) [;+) 8flsgL]
cfgf] lauf ug]{ jf dg gk]sL :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ ufnL ubf{ elgg] zAb lkzflrgL . @= 6gfd
gf ug]{ :qL 6GofxL 8flsgL . 8\u lqm) lj) [c) d") 8\ u] aGbs, tf]k cflb k8\sFbf cfjfh
lg:s]em}F . 8\u  lj) [k|f) 8\u] k|z:t w]} yk}| . 8\uf]n gf) [g]jf)] != hUufh
gfkL ug]{ JolQm . @= g]jfhflts]f Ps ju{ jf y . |
\ ] n8\bf, k5flFbf jf 8\u | \
[c) d") 8\u yrflFbf 7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] uL e\u 8\ . 86\g c) lqm) [k|f) 89\9 g]
:yfg, dt cflbdf cl8u eP xg c8\g . @= kmtL{;fy af]Ng, s8\sg jf sg} sfd ug{ . #
= sl;s;fp xg 7fFl6g . > 86fO gf) 86\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 86fOg s) lqm) 86
\g nfOg . 86fpg k|]) lqm) 86\g nfpg c8\g nfpg . 8l686fp lj) != nuf, uxgf cflbn
] ;;lHht
530

;lh;hfp sl;s;fp . @= jfkm;fy jf 7fF6l;t a;]sf] 86] a;]sf] . 8f gf) [8fF6 uf] xSsfsf
?df hl8g] uf . 89\g c) lqm) [;+) bUw g] != sg} j:t cfufn] kf]lng vfs xg vfgL x
@== e6]ksfPsf] j:t kfgL dgf{n] cfFr w]} xgfn] vxlg . #= kL, lrGtf, egfO cflbn]
lrQ kfSg jf bVg lrl9g . > 89fO gf) 89\g] jf 89fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 89fOg s) lqm
) cfufn] kf]lng . 89fpg k|]) lqm) != cfufn] kf]Ng vfgL kfg{ . @= vxofpg . ;) lq
m) #= lrQ bvfpg lr9fpg . 8l9g c) lqm) cfufn] kf]n] vfgL xf]Og . 89Nnf] lj) 89]s
f] 89jf . 89jf lj) != a9\tf kf]lnPsf] 89]sf] . gf) @= afnLdf nfUg] Ps lsl;dsf] f]u
. 89]nf] gf) [89\ Pnf]] v3fL, h\un cflbdf nfu]sf] jf nufOPsf] cfuf] . ~ nfUg 6) !=
gdf cfuf] ;Nsg . @= (pkdf cy{df) al4;l4= lau|g . (pbf) cr]n pgsf] al4df 89]n
f] nfu]sf] 5) . 89f}nL89f}nf] gf) [89\ of}nLof}nf]] ;]nf]6L ksfPkl5 sfxLdf ar]sf] l3
9Nnf] l3pt]n . 8G7f gf) [;+)] df]6f] nL 8G8f nf}f] . 8G7L gf) [ 8fF7] ;fukft cflbsf
dnf] jf gd 8fF7 nf}f] . > 8G7fO gf) 8G7fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 8G7fOg s) lqm) 8G8f
8G7fpg] sfd ulg . 8G7fpg ;) lqm) 8G7fn] s6\g 8G8fn] lxsf{pg . 8G8 gf) [;+) b08]
8G8f hljfgf . ~ tfn gf) wftn] ag]sf lrD6fdf dhf jf dGb|f nfu]s]f Ps k|sfsf] afhf
. 8G8f gf) nfdf] df]6f] nL nf7f] . 8G8L gf) [8G8f O{] != wft, sf7 cflbsf] nLh:tf] n
] 8f]nf] j:t ;fgf] 8G8f 58 . @= tnf] cflbdf xg] kmnfd] nL . kmf] gf) vf; uL of}j
fdf cgxfdf b]vfkg]{ ;;fgf laldf . ~ laof] gf) nLn] xlRrg] laof] 7fs nufP v]lng] k
4 v]n . 8G8f] n [ 8G8f ] hUufhldg gfkL ug{ s f lglDt lgodadf]lhd lgwf{lt uL agfOPsf]
kmnfd] ;f\nf] gfKg] l;qmL . 8km8kmn! gf) [d})] vf; uL hfqfdfqf, xf]nL cflbdf ahfOg],
tfO{lt k|rlnt 7"nf] 8Dkm . 8kmnf@ gf) [8fFkm kNnf] lb;flk;fan] lau|nf egL leq yf\gfy
xfnL tu] aflx fd|f] kflPsf], gfgLx ;tfpg] ;fgf] nDk6 . 8kmNsf] gf) [8kmnf sf]] gfgL
{ ;tfOg] yf]qf] kf] 8kmnf . > 8kmNSofO gf) 8kmNSofpg] sfd jf lsl;d

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
531

8kmf8Nn] 8Dsg c) lqm) [ 8Dd g] elg 8lDsg . > 8DsfO gf) 8Dsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
 c) lqm) != elefp xg 6Dd elg . @= ue{wf0f ug{ k]6 af]Sg . 8DSofO gf) 8lDsg] j
ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 8DSofOg s) lqm) 8DSofpg] sfd ulg elefp kflg . 8DSofpg ;) l
lefp kfg{ 6gf6g eg{ . 8Dkm sf8f] gf) xl;gfsf] hqf] af]6 To;s} h:tf] nxf x'g], a8
tf 7"n7"nf t vNnf] :jfbsf kmn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] sfF8fbf af]6 . 8Dk'm gf) [ef]) a)] uf
]nfsf k|]mddf Psfkl 5fnfn] df]xf]lPsf], b]a]| xftn] ;dftL bflxg] xftn] ahfOg], ljz]
iftM tfdf
hfltdf nf]slk|o emfd|] gfr tyf uLtdf u'?
duxn] klg k|of]u ug]{ Ps afhf . 8
a lj) [;+)] != km}lnPsf] k|Voft k|l;4 . gf) @= kmf];f |] jfkm 9fFrf cf8Da . #= ;d"x
$= lj:tf . ~ s'dfL gf)
\uLr
\uL a'f 5flkPsf] h
\uaxfb'sL 5f]Lsf] gfdaf6 k|rlnt x'g
sl;dsf] sk8f gsnL 9fsf . > 8Da] gf) km]bb } l] v b'Ot { Lg cdnsf sfF8f x'g], nfDrf
dl;gf kft knfpg], kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] xlof nfDrf kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn
. 8Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") 8d\d] != vfg]sfn] k]6 elg] jf c3fP 8sfg]{ uL . @= sg} j:t' x
efF8f] eL eP . #= lxF8b \ f jf v]Nbf k5flP 8fDd . $= d'8s \ L jf nf7fn] lxsf{pFbf zAb
lg:sg] rfndf . 8 gf) [;+) b] sg} eo
\s j:t' b]v] jf vfaLsf] cfz
\sfn] dgdf pTkGg x'g
qf; . ~ 5]?jf lj) 8fpg] :jefjsf] ;fx|} sfFt eL? . :qL) 85]?jL . ~ wfs gf) 8 b]vfpg]
nfpg] sfd . kf]s gf) 85]?jf . ~ e gf) eo cfwf qf; . ~ nfUbf] lj) 8 pTkGg ug]{
O gf) 8fpg] sfd jf lsl;d . 8fOg' c) lqm) 8sf] cg'ej ulg' . 8fpg' c) lqm) sg} j:t'
8sf] cfz
\sfn] t;{g' 8sf] cg'ej x'g' eoeLt x'g' . 8n gf) [c
\)] ;+o'Qm fHo cd]lsf,
Sofgf8f cflb b]zdf k|rlnt d'b|f . F f] 8lNng' c) lqm) [8Nnf]Og'] != xftuf]8f grNg]
x'g' s"h x'g' v'lDrg' . @= sg} j:t' Ps} 7fpFdf ;d]l6g' 8Nnf] kg'{ . #= Ps 7fpFdf a;]
sf] a:o} x'g' ljjz x'g' . 8NnL lj) [8Nnf]O{] df]6L xf]rf] sbsL k'8s \ L 8Nnf]h:tL (:
L) . 8Nn]7f] gf) [8Nnf]PF7f]] dfemdf Kjfn kfL nfdf] laF8 xflnPsf] 8Nnf kmf]g]{ sf7sf
] xltof . 8Nn] lj) [8Nnf]P] != df]6f] eO{sg xf]rf] sbsf] k'8\sf] .

y
\GofO . 8kmNSofOg' s) lqm) y
\GofOg' . 8kmNSofpg' ;) lqm) y
lynf] agfpg' y
\Gofpg' . 8

f) [c) bckm] w]} dflg;sf] ;d"x 6f]nL hdft bn . 8a gf) [c
\)] != Ps efiffsf] rnlrqnfO{
sf]{ efiffdf kfGtlt ug]{ sfd efiffGt . @= Ps k6s lvlr;s]sf] b[Zodf c
\l\ st ;+jfbnfO{
k'gM c
\lst ug]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . 8asf] gf) a}7s gx'g] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] srf}f a6'sf] .
8an lj) [c
\)] != bf]a b'u'gf 8Aan . gf) @= ?lkofF jf ;o k};fsf] g]kfnL l;Ssf . > 8al
ng' c) lqm) 8an x'g' Pssf] b'O{ x'g' bf]xf]lg' . 8anL! gf) [g]jf) ba'ln] != b]jb]jLsf
k|frLg gfr grfpg ;xsf ljleGg :yfgdf hldgaf6 s]xL p7fO{ agfOPsf] rf}tff]h:tf] :yn v
'nf
\ud~r . @= w]} af6f hf]lg] ;xsf aLrsf] v'nf 7fpF . 8anL@ gf) [8anO{] != :jf:gLdf
n] nfpg], k'fgf] 7"nf] uf]nf] l6sf] . ~ hfO{ gf) Ps} 7fpFdf b'O6f k"mn k'mNg] Ps k
|sfsf] hfO{ . 8aNofO gf) [ 8anL (ofO)] != 8alng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ 8aNofpcfO ] @=
8aNofpg] lqmof jf k| l qmof . [ > ] 8aNofOg' s) lqm) 8an kflg' bf]a agfOg' . 8aNofpg
' k|]) lqm) 8an kfg'{ Pssf] b'O{ agfpg' bf]xf]ofpg' . 8Aan lj)x]) 8an . 8Aaf gf) [;+)
l8Da] != lasf]{ nfpg x'g] l6g cflbsf] ;fgf] efF8f] af . @= ]n cflbsf] ofqf ubf{ al;
g] sf]7f l8Aaf . > 8Aa' gf) 7"nf] vfnsf] 8f8' Ps lsl;dsf] s;f}F8L . 8lAng' c) lqm) [
8alng'] 8an x'g' 8alng' > 8ANofO gf) 8lAng] jf 8ANofpg] sfd . 8ANofOg' s) lqm) 8ANo
fpg] sfd ulg' . 8ANofpg' k|]) lqm) 8an kfg'{ 8aNofpg' . 8d?! gf) [;+) 8d] l;+x jf af3
sf] aRrf] . 8d?@ gf) [;+)] != ;dfltg] dfem efu emLgf] ePsf], b'Ok { l kmfs d'vdf 5f
nfn] df]s ] f] xNnfpFbf b'O{ t'gfdf em'lG8Psf u]8fn] 7f]lsP aHg] df6f], sf7 jf wft
'n] ag]sf] afhf l8al8a] . (8d? hf]uL, tdf;] r6s]xn] ahfpgfsf ;fy} k"hfcfhf, rf8kj{
df k"hfsf]7f dlGbdf tyf b;}Fdf k|foM 3}lkR5] klg ahfpg] ulG5) . ~ dWo gf) b'O{ 7"n7"
nf dxfLk jf ;d'b|nfO{ hf]g]{ hn jf :ynsf] ;fF3'f] efu (h:t} hn8d?dWo, :yn8d?dWo) .
~ oGq gf) 8d?sf] cfsfh:t} cs{ lemSg] Ps k|sfsf] oGq . 8dL gf) [c
\)] k':tsk'l:tsf cflb
5fKg jf lrq, d"lt{ cflb agfpgsf lglDt tof kflg] afXo k]vf gsnL kf
\sg .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

8Nn} 8Nnf8f6 @= 8Nnf] k]sf] 8Nnf]h:tf] . ~ lsgf]{ gf) 8Nnf] cfsfsf] Ps yL lsgf]{ . ~
' gf) 8Nnf] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] vh" . ~ ds} gf) af6'nf bfgf 8Nnf 3f]uf x'g] Ps hftsf] d
s} . ~ nf}sf gf) sleG8f]h:t} kmn x'g] Ps hftsf] nf}sf t'Daf . 8Nn} 8Nnf gf) [8Nnf]8Nn
f]] ;fgf 7"nf w]} 8Nnfsf] ;d"x . 8Nnf] gf) [k|f) 8Nn] != df6f] cflbsf] 6'qmf] jf l
9sf] . lj) @= uf]nf] 9fFrfsf] af6'nf] . #= k'8\sf] 8Nn] . > 8NNof7f] gf) x]) 8Nn]F7f
] . 8NNofO gf) [8lNn (ofO)] != 8lNng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [8NNofpcfO] @= 8NNofp
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8NNofOg' s) lqm) 8Nnf] agfOg' af6'nf] kflg' . 8NNo
fpg' ;) lqm) != sg} j:t'nfO{ 8Nnf] jf af6'nf] kfg'{ . @= sFhf] kfg'{ v'DRofpg' . #=
ljjz kfg'{ yRRofpg' . 8NNofx6 gf) 8NNofpg] sfd jf 9fFrf . 8jn gf) [lx)] 9fFrf 5fF6 x]
) 8f}n . 8;\g ;) lqm) [;+) b+z\ g] != ;k{, laR5L cflb ljiffn sLfn] 6f]Sg 8\s dfg{
. @= s;}nfO{ xKsfpg 8fF:g . #= 6f]s:g . 8;gf gf) [;+) bzg] != leqkl ?jf] jf ejf
e] agfOPsf] afSnf] la5f}gf . 8;fO gf) [ 8;\ ( cfO)] 8:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
8;fOg s) lqm) 8:g nfOg . 8;fpg k|]) lqm) 8:g nfpg 6f]sfpg . 8l;g s) lqm) 8:g]
sfd ulg ;k{ cflbn] 6f]lsg . 8:6 gf) [c\)] != sfnf]kf6Ldf rs jf vLn] n]v]sf] cIf d
g] ;fwg k5f}6f] . @= w"nf] emfg]{ ;fdfg . 8::ofO gf) [ 8::ofp ( cfO)] 8::ofpg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8::ofOg s) lqm) cf]5fOg . 8::ofpg ;) lqm) [8;gf ofp g] 8;gf cfl
b cf]5fpg la5fpg . 8xg c) lqm) [;+) bxg] != cfuf] cflbsf] kf]nfOsf tf]8n] leqleq}
8fx xg eafpg . @= afFw]sf] 7fpF w]} sl;P jf kf5]sf 7fpF 3fpvl6fdf kfgL, kLk cflb
elP leq bVg . #= lrGtf jf kLsf sf0fn] dgdf w]} si6 xg . 8xg gf) [;+) bxg] != cfuf
cflbsf] kf]nfO . @= kL si6 . 8xgf gf) nufd emG8fpgsf lglDt 3f]8fsf dvleq xg] sfF8f
bf kmnfd] 8G8L . 8x gf) [lx) 8u] ;fF3f] ;fgf] af6f] uf]]6f] uN5]8f] uNnL ;f]tf]
[ 8x ( cfO)] != 8xg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [8xfp cfO] . @= 8xfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|
lqmof . [ > ]
532

8xfOg s) lqm) 8fx ufOg . 8xfpg k|]) lqm) 8fx xf]Og . 8lxg c) lqm) 8fx xf]Og .
8fs\g ;) lqm) [;+) 9f}s \ g] != sg} 7fpF, vf]N;f], gfnf cflb pk|]m gfg km6\sg
g{ . @= l56f] ultn] w]} lxF8\g . 8fs! gf) [ 8fs\] sg} j:t'sf] lnnfd ubf{ al9a9fp, 3
l636fp cflbdf df]n tf]Sg] af]nL . (pbf) h] sfdf klg 8fFssf] af]nL u] s;L x'G5 ) 8f
[ 8fFs] \ != lr7Lkq cflb cf]xf]bf]xf] ufOg] ;sfL k|aGw x'nfsJoj:yf . @= 7fpF7fpFdf a
f] k|aGw ug{nfO{ ;jfLeGbf klxn] hfg] 8kmf . #= nfdf] ofqfdf l56f] k'Ug yfs]sf jfxg
xnfO{ aLrdf 5f8L csf]{ jfxg km]g{] sfd . ~ cfb]z gf) x'nfsaf6 k7fOg] cfb]z x'nfsL c
fb]z . vfgf gf) 8fFs rnfpg] cf 8fFs3 x'nfscf . ~ uf8L gf) != x'nfssf lr7Lkq cflb c
f ug]{ df]6, ]n cflb ;jfL . @= k|dv ' :yfgxdf dfq f]lsg] b'|tufdL df]6, ]n cflb ;jf
3 gf 8fFsvfgf x'nfs3 . ~ y}nf gf) 8fFssf j:t'x xfn] rnfOg] sk8f jf 5fnfsf y}nf . ~ y
gf) lr7Lkqx xflng] ;fgf] y}nf] . 8fsf gf) [;+) b:o'] != csf] wgdfn cflb hah:tL w't ]
f n'6 ] lng] JolQm 8fFs . @= To;L wgdfn n'6g \ nfO{ ulg] cfqmd0f 8s}tL . 8flsg' s)
[8fFs\Og'] pk|m ] gfl3g' . 8fs' gf)x]) 8fFsf . 8fs] lj) [8fFsf]P] 7"n7"nf] :jn] a
Fsf] ePsf] . 8fsf] gf) [;+) 8f
\s] [ != s;}nfO{ xKsfpg], t;f{pg], 3'Sof{pg] cflb b[l
i6n] lemlsg] 7"nf] :j jf cfjfh . @= ?jfO k'm6]sf] 7"nf] :j . #= sv'f] af:g] sfd . 8fV
nf 8fVnL gf) [8fFVnf]8fFVnL] ;fgf7"nf w]} 8fFVnfsf] ;d"x . 8fVnL gf) [8fFVnf]O{] ;fg
8fFVnf] . 8fVn] lj) [8fFVnf]P] 7"n7"nf 8fF7 ePsf] 8fFVnf x'g] 8f}7 F ]. 8fVnf] gf) [
7nf]] pv', ;fukft cflbsf] 8fF7 . 8fuL gf) OGb|hfqfdf OGb|sL cfdfsf] k|tLssf kdf NofO
g] JolQm . 8fuf] gf) [;+) l8
\u] != efn] ss jf ss'sf] 5fpf] . kf]) 8fFuL (5fpL)
lwL . 8f6\g ;) lqm) [;+) 8f\s[, lx) 8fF6gf] s;}nfO{ t;f{pg] b[li6n] 7"n7"nf] :j l
L ufnL ug{ x]) 5fF:g xKsfpg 6f]s:g . 8f6 gf) [8fF6 \ c] != 8fF6\g] sfd 8F6fO . @
KsL xKsL . ~ 8k]6 gf) 8fF6\g] bk]6\g] sfd xKsfObKsfO .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
533

8fl6g'8f9] k'?if jf ;fwgfsf zlQmn] atfOPsf] sg} sf] . 8fs@ gf) [8fs\c] s;}nfO{ 8fSg]
af]nfpg] sfd . ~ af]nfp gf) 8fSg] af]nfpg] sfd af]nfj6 lgDtf] . 8flsgL gf) [;+)] !=
sfnLsf jk xg] Ps :qLu0f Ps lkzflrgL . @= 8fOgL af]S;L . 8flsg' s) lqm) [8fs\Og'] !
g] sfd ulg' af]nfOg' . 8fS6 gf) [c
\)] != cfw'lgs j}1flgs k4ltcg';f f] u sf] kLIf0
krf ug] { lrlsT;s . @= ljZjljBfnoff sg} ljlzi6 ljfg\nfO{ ;Ddfgfy{ jf cg';Gwftfn] lgod
fg';f k"0f{ u]sf] sg} cg';GwfgfTds uxg s[ltsf lgldQ lbOg] pRr pkflw . > 8fS6L gf) 8fS
6sf] sfd cfw'lgs tyf j}1flgs lrlsT;fzf:q . 8f
8'
lqm) lj) [c) d") 8f
\ (l))] sg} sfd
fy jf r6k6fP ug]{ uL . > 8f
8'
] lj) != 8f
8'
sfd ug] { x8a8] :jefjsf] . @= a] 9
\ u
] s f] . gf) @= cIffDe jf cIfcEof;sf qmddf lbOg] 8 cIfsf] gfd 8sf . 8f\s[lt gf)
306 cflbaf6 lg:sg] zAb . 8f\u|L gf) [8f\u|f] O{] != leqL sk8fsf] arfpsf lglDt ld:qL c
flb sfdbfn] nufpg], 7"nf] df]xf]tf ePsf] ;?jfn 5f]6f] sldh hf]8] l;OPsf] kf];fs .
@= b]ptfsf] k"hfcfhfsf] k|aGw ldnfpg] JolQm . 8f\u ]| gf) [8f\uf | ] P] != wfdLemfF
qmLsf] ljBf jf sfd l;Sg] dflg; wfdLemfFqmLsf] r]nf] . @= wfdLemfFqmLn] kmnfStf ulg
] ;Daf]wg . lj) #= 8F8fs 7"nf] 8f\u|f] . ~ a]t gf) Ps hftsf] a]t . ~ ;ff} gf) Ps k|s
7"nf] ;ff}F ?kL ;flsf . 8f
\uf | ] gf) [8fFuf]f]] != emfk'ms] sfddf k"hfcfhfsf] k|
fpg] JolQm 8f
\u|L . @= gLr dflg; jf b'R5 ufO{a:t' . #= sfdL hfltnfO{ lxofP elgg] zAb
. lj) $= 8F8fs 7"nf] . 8f8gL gf) [kmf) bfbg] hUufsf] afnL gsfl6Fbd } f pAhgLsf] c
g'dfg uL s[ifsnfO{ lbOg] k]:sL jf clu|d d"No . 8f8' gf) [ ;+) bjL{] bfntsfL cflb rnf
pg] jf p3fpg], ;dfpg] s]xL nfdf] 8G8L ePsf] srf}Lh:tf] af6'nf] efF8f] . ' NofO{ cs
f] j:t' lng' 8f9\g ;) lqm) [8f9 g] kmsfO{km 8fF:g wTg . 8f9 gf) [ ;+) bfx] csf{sf
;v;DklQ, pGgltk|ult cflb b]v] xg] O{iof{ cflx|; 8fx . 8fl9g s) lqm) [8f9 O g] 8f9\
] sfd ulg 8fFl;g . 8f9] lj) [8f9\ P] != csf] senf] cfgf] dfq enf] xf];\ eGg] snl
fjgf ePsf] (JolQm) . @= 8f9 ug]{ cflx|;] O{iof{n c;Gtf]sL .

8fl6g' s) lqm) [8fF6 \ Og'] 8fF6\g] sfd ulg' 5fFl;g' wDsfOg' . 8f7 gf) [;+) b08] a
f jf ;fukftsf] 8fFVnf] 8fFVnf] . > 8f7 ] lj) 7"n7"nf 8fF7 ePsf] 8f}F7] . 8f8\g ;) l
[;+) b08 g] != 8fF8\g] sfd ug{ 8G8 jf hljfgf ug{ . @= l;Q}Fdf cnfO{ vr{ ufpg . 8f
gf) [;+) b08] != s;}nfO{ afhLdf xfbf{ s;"afkt ltlg] jf ltfOg] hljfgf cfly{s jf zfLl
8 . @= lagl;lQsf] vr{ . 8f8f sf8f gf) [8fF8f] (l))] 8fF8fxsf] ;d"x jf z[
\vnf kxf8kj
8f8f ef6f gf) [8fF8fef6f] 3 5fpg pkof]u ulg] 8fF8f ef6fxsf] ;d"x . 8f8L gf) [8fF8
8f]nLsf] baf{ em'G8fpgsf lglDt xflng] t];f]{ sf7 . @= Ps lsl;dsf] sf]qmf] . 8f8f]!
gf) [k|f) 8'
\u] != kxf8sf] r'lnPsf] efu kxf8kj{tsf] r'r'f] . @= cUnf] 7"nf] l8n . 8f
f]@ gf) [;+) b08] != kfn jf vn] 3 5fpFbf xflng] 7f8f] sf7 5fgfsf] d';L . @= 5ftfsf] s
k8f c8\ofpg] dl;gf] kmnfd] 8G8L jf sdfgL . 8fkm gf) n'uf l;pFbf 8f]a 6f96f9f kfL km
8\s ] l;pg] sfd . 8fkm] gf) g]kfnsf] pQL n]slt kfOg]
\uLr
\uL KjfFv ePsf], l;pbf ;
L kIfL g]kfnsf] fli6o rf] . 8fjf8f]n lj) [8udu8f]n] != sg} l:ylt, jftfj0f cflb otf
udufPsf] cl:y . @= hndo hnfDd] . 8f;\g ;) lqm) [ 8fF; g] != cnfO{ kmsfO{kmNofO{
lng 8:g . @= wTg] sfd ug{ 7Ug . 8f; gf) [;+) b+zL] ufO{a:t'nfO{ nfUg] Ps hftsf
] 7"nf] h
\unL lemFuf] . 8fOgfdf gf) [c
\) 8fOgfdf]] ;jfL ;fwg jf oGqnfO{ ultzLn t'Nof
pg ljB't\ lgsfNg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;fgf] oGq . 8fOgL gf) [;+) 8flsgL] cnfO{ jzdf kfL b'M
v lbg vf]Hg] cfOdfO{ 8
\lsgL . ~ af]S;L gf) cnfO{ jzdf kfg{ vf]Hg] 6'gfd'gf ug]{ cfOd
fO{ 8fOgL af]S;L . 8fOg' gf) != ds} cflbsf] 7]6\g' c6]g'{ . @= fg' eOg;s]sf kf]yL df
}L cflb fg' df}Lsf] k"j{k . 8fO]S6 gf) [c
\)] x]) lgb]{zs . > 8fO]S6L gf) j0f{qm
]gsf] gfd, gDa n]lvPsf] jf 5flkPsf] k'l:tsf 6]lnkmf]glgb]{lzsf . 8fs\g ;) lqm) [8fs g
] != cnfO{ cfpm eGg glhs af]nfpg ksfg{ . @= lgDtf] ug{ . 8fs! gf) [;+)] != lgDg
sf]l6df kg]{ Ps b]jof]lg . @= ;fws

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

8fal8h]n 8fa gf) != sg} ljiffn j:t lagfn] jf nfUgfn] zLdf pl5|g] bfu . @= vl6f]
nf Stljsfsf sf0fn] zLdf b]lvg] bfu . #= Pp6f cfoj]{lbs cf}iflw lgdf{tf k|l;4 sDkgL .
8fd\g ;) lqm) [;+) bfx g] != tft]sf] kmnfd, eefpFbf] cfuf] cflbn] zLdf sg} k|sfs
nfUg . @= d[tssf] lslof ubf{ ;fF9] 5f]8g \ sf lglDt axsf lkmnfdf ttfOPsf] kmnfd]
rqm tyf lqz"nn] lrg nufpg . #= 8fdn ug{ . > 8fd gf) != kf]n], 8fd], 3fpvl6f pAh],
rf]6k6s nfu] cflb sf0fn] zLsf sg} efudf a:g] bfu jf lrXg vt . @= sg} j:tn] gd 7fpF
Rtf kg]{ ToxL cfsfsf] lrXg . #= dflg;, a:t cflbsf kfOnfsf] lrXg 8f]a . 8fldg ;) l
qm) [8fd\ O g] 8fDg] sfd ulg bfdn ulg . 8fDgf] gf) [8fd f]] != ufO{a:tnfO{ lxofP
elgg] zAb . @= 8fd] 5f]l8Psf] ;fF9] . 8fd|f] lj) [8fd f]] leq u]8f jf ubL geO{ vfnL
ePsf] kmf];f | ] (sf];f], bfgf cflb) . 8fo gf) x]) bfo . 8foL gf) [c\)] != lbgesf p
Lo jf :d0fLo sfdsfsf] ljj0f ;\lIfKt kdf n]lvg] kl:tsf b}glGbgL . @= hLjgl;t ;DalGwt
;fdlos dxj xg] qmda4tf ;lxtsf] f]rs n]v . 8fon gf) [c\)] c\s jf ;do;\s]t n]lvPsf],
t ;O{ 3Dg], 38Lsf dvsf] rSsf . ~ 6f]g gf) 6]lnkmf]g ug{ 7Ls xG5 eGg] ;\s]ts Wj
lg . 8f\g ;) lqm) [;+) bjL{ g] != ttfPsf] t]nl3pdf sg} j:t kmfpg emfGg . @= xfN
. > 8flg s) lqm) 8fg]{ sfd ulg kmfOg . 8fn gf) [ 8f}n] != sfdsfh guL 9fFrfsfFrf
{ sfd . @= cfbt afgL . #= 8f}n . 8fnf8fnL gf) [8fnf] 8fnL] ;fgf7"nf 8fnfsf] ;d"x . 8
flng c) lqm) [8fn O g] sfdsfh s]xL guL nvlg cNnflg . 8fnL gf) [8fnf] O{] ;fgf] 8
n] lj) [8fnf] P] != 8fnf] af]Sg] 8fnfsf] jf 8fnf];DaGwL . @= d[tssf] lqmofsd{sf nflu
cfjZos ;;fdfg xfn]sf] 8fnf] af]s] l9sf]df n}hfg] (dflg;) . #= 8fnfdf xfn] NofOg] jf
8fnf (xfFuf) sf6] lnOg] (3fF;, :ofpnf cflb) . ~ 3f; gf) :ofpn] 3fF; . 8fnf] gf) [;+)
8Nns] afF;, lgufnf cflbsf rf]ofn] a'g]sf], cGgkft xfNg], kmfs d'v ePsf] s]xL ulxf
] efF8f] . 8f;'Nnf] gf) [8f;pNnf]] b"wdf kL7f] ofn] vf]n]h:tf]
534

kfL agfOg] vfB kbfy{ . 8fx8fxf gf) [ ;+) bfx] != csf] ;'v;DklQ, pGgltk|ult b]Vg g;s]
dgdf x'g] b'Mv dfgl;s kL8f jf lrGtf bfxf . @= 56k6fx6 GygL . 8flxNn] lj) [8flxNnf]P]
f] 8fx ug]{ 8fxf ug]{ :jefjsf] Ovfn' . 8flxNnf] lj) [8fxfONnf]] 8fxL Ovfn' 8flxNn] .
fxL gf) [8fxfO{] 8fxf ug]{ afgL ePsf] O{iof{n' . 8fx's gf) [;+)] gbLsf 5]p5fpdf xg] x
'l66fpFsf cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] rf] . l8ug' gf) [l8Fuf]g'] ufO{a:t' wkfpgsf lglDt uf]7fnf
] xftdf lng] nf}f] . l8u gf) [ l8
\u] x]) l8
\u . > l8uL gf) grflxFbf] xf]xNnf ;
. l8uf] gf) [l8
\ucf]] != ufO{uf]?nfO{ emf]sn] jf dfof u] elgg] zAb l8
f] . @= hjfg
] ufO{ jf uf]? a:t'efp . #= d]sf] hGt'sf] l;g' . lj) $= sfd 5n] 7uL7uL vfg kNs]sf]
;'snu'G8f] nG7 . l8s gf) aGwsL lwtf] . l8sf] gf) [;+) b[s\] b]jgfuL cIfsf lzdf tflg
jf tflgg] t];f]{ wsf]{ jf ]vf . l8u gf) [;+) lbs\] aGb's, tf]k cflbs]f lgzfgf jf n
Io . l8u|L! gf) [c
\)] != ljZjljBfnosf] :gftsf]Q kLIffdf pQL0f{ x'g]n] kfpg] pkflw .
@= udL{, Hjf] cflbsf] tfkdfg gfKg] j}1flgs oGq ydf{ld6 . #= sg} sf]0fsf] c+z . l8u|L
@ gf) [c
\) l8qmL] b]jfgL cfaf6 kfOg] d'2fdfldnfsf] lhtfkq . l8
gf) [;+) l8
\u] s;}l;t
] kmfOFkm ' L ePgePsf] wfs . l8
f] gf)x]) l8Fuf] . l8
\u gf) [;+)] != w"t{ wf]s]afh
t'R5 JolQm . @= gf]srfs . #= t'R5, sfnf] df]6f]3f6f] dflg; . $= gf
\ufk'm;|f hf]uLxnf
O{ lgGbf uL elgg] zAb . > l8
\uL gf) s;}nfO{ lk6\g] sfd r'6fO (pbf) lgx'Fvf]hfxfn] l8
vfO{ r]Tb}g) . l8
\gfl8
\g' gf) [ l8Fug'] nL l8Fug' . l8hfOg gf) [c
\)] sg} j:t'sf]
To;sf] 9fFrf 5fF6 . l8lh6n 38L gf) [c
\) l8lh6n38L] ]l8of]df sfo{qmdsf] ;~rfngh:tf dxj
"0f{ sfo{sf nflu pkof]uL x'g], ;]s]G8;lxtsf] ;do ;"lrt ug]{ ljz]if lsl;dsf] 38L
. l8h]n gf) [c
\)] df]6, 6s cflb rnfpg pkof]u ulg] t]n jf OGwg .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
535

l86fl8:k]G;L l8Dsf] gf) [;+) l8d\] d'8s \ Lsf] lk6fO jf xgfO d'Ssf 3':;f . > l8DSofO
f) l8DSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . l8DSofOg' s) lqm) l8DSofpg nfOg' . l8DSofpg' ;) lq
m) d'8s \ Ln] xfGg' l8Dsf] lbg' d'8\Sofpg' l8DDofpg' . l8DSofx6 gf) l8DSofpg] lsl;d
jf sfd l8DSofO . l8Da gf) [;+)] != rf cflbsf] k'mn l8Daf . @= 8n] sfpFbfsf] zAb lrRR
6 . #= snx emu8f . $= aRrf] afns . ~ gnL gf) l8Dafzoaf6 uef{zodf l8Da cfpg] gnL . l
8Da gf) sfutLsf hqf bfgf x'g], leq dl;gf u]8f ePsf], ebf}c;f]hlt kfSg] sfF8fbf h
\unL
kmn . l8Da :vng gf) [;+)] l8Dafzo jf c08fzoaf6 k"0f{ kn] ljsl;t l8Da emg]{ sfd . l
8Daf gf) [;+) l8Da] rf cflbsf] k'mn cG8f . l8Dafzo gf) [;+)] :qL hgg]lGb|odf kf7]3eGb
f klg leqlt x]sf], l8Da ag] To;sf] ljsf; x'g] :yn . l8lDasf gf) [;+)] != sfdjf;gfsf]
a9L OR5f ug]{ :qL sfd's :qL j]Zof . @= kfgLsf] kmf]sf] . l8Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") l8d
\d] hLpdf d'8\sLn] xfGg] lsl;dn] 8fDd . l8Ddf gf) [ l8d\df] != d'8s \ Lsf] xgfO d'Ss
@= s6fO lk6fO . > l8DDofO gf) l8DDofpg] sfd l8DSofO . l8DDofOg' s) lqm) l8DDofpg nfOg
' l8DSofOg' . l8DDofpg' ;) lqm) l8Ddf lbg] sfd ug'{ x]) l8DSofpg' . l8n gf) ;'Iffsf l
glDt jf ;fFwl;dfgf cnUofpg agfOg] hldgsf] 7"nf] cfnL sfGnf] lsgf . 8fn gf) zLsf] :j
cfsf 5fF6sfF6 . 8f}n gf) cfsfk|sf 5fF6sfF6 sb . l8na' gf) [ef]) a)] af}4 ;
\uLtdf
lg] Ps k|sfsf] snfTds 306 . l8n gf) [c
\)] cw{;sfL Jofkfls ;+:yfxaf6 pTkflbt jf c
j:t'x plrt d"Nodf a]Rg v6fOPsf] cflwsfls :yfgLo JolQm :yfgLo ljts . l8Nsg' gf) [l8ns
'] ;fgf] l8n . l8;ld; gf) [c
\)] >L % sf] ;sf jfbL x'g] d'2fafx]s cGo d'2fdf jfbLk|ltj
fbL bj} yLn] tflv uhf]df k|df0f ab}sf cj:yfdf jfbL cgkl:yt ePdf ulg] lg0f{o jf k
};nf vf]hL avf{;L . l8;]Da gf) [c\)] u|]uf]L kfqf]cg;f d\l; k; dlxgfsf aLrdf
bg], cflvL dlxgf . l8l:6nL gf) [c\)] dB j:t cflbsf] pTkfbg ug]{ sfvfgf dbeL . l8:k]
f) [c\)] != cf}ifwLpkrf ug]{ ;fdfGo :tsf]

l86f gf) [l86f] cf] kf8faf5fx afFWg] 7fpF . F} L) l86f] lj) laofPsf] 5 dlxgfkl5 gyfsGh
nsf] (ufO{e; as]g{ . l86\7f gf) [;+) l8Ty] gfoa ;AafeGbf tn dlvofeGbf dfly kg]
{ klxn]klxn] a9L k|rlnt Ps lghfdtL bhf{ . l86\7f] gf) [ l8f] x]) l8f gfOs] gfos . l87
f) [ bL7] b[li6 x]) bL7 . l8l08e gf) [;+)] kfgLdf a:g] ;k{ kfgL;k{ . l8l08d gf) [;+)]
!= Ps lsl;dsf] 9f]n afhf . @= l8al8a] . l8Ty gf) [;+)] != Zofd j0f{sf] fd|f] ljfg\
ojs . @= sf7ff agfOPsf] xfQL . l8g gf) [c\)] ljZjljBfnocGtu{t xg] sg} cWoog, ;\sfo
;+:yfgsf k|zf;g k|dv  jf cWoIf . l8kf] gf) [c\)] != laqmLljt0f jf cfk"lt{sf lglDt
sg} ;fdfg flvg] s]Gb| uf]bfd e08f . @= ;]gfdf gofF hjfgx etL{ ug]{ tflnd lbg] 7fpF
l8Knf]df gf) [c\)] z}lIfs If]qdf k|df0fkq :gftsf]Qsf aLrdf x]sf], of]Uotfqmd jf kLIf
sf] k|fdfl0fs tx pkflw :gfts tx . l8al8a lqm) lj) [c) d")] 8d? cflb aHbf cfjfh cfpg
] uL . > l8al8a] gf) 8d?sf 9fFrfsf] ;fgf] df6fsf] afhf 8d? . l8laof gf) [l8Aaf Oof] !=
d6Lt]n xfnL aQL afNg] af6nf] vfnsf] ;fgf] efF8f] 6sL . @= l6g cflbsf] af l8Aaf skL
. l8Aaf gf) [;+) l8Da] != lasf]{ ePsf] vofsvqs xflng] efF8f] af . @= dflg; a:g] ]n
sf] sf]7f 8Aaf . l8lehg gf) [c\)] If]q kmfF6 ljefu >]0fL . a]Gr gf) kmn a]GreGbf
l;\un a]Grn] u]sf] km};nfpk kglj{rf ug]{ bO{ hgf GofofwLzx ePsf] a]Gr jf ;ef v08Go
oflws0f . l8d]h gf) [c\)] uf]bfd cflbdf x]sf dfn;fdfg clws ;do xgfn] ltg{kg]{ xhf{gf
. l8dfO{ gf) [c\)] ndfO afO; OGr rf}8fO c7f OGr ePsf] sfutsf] gfk . ~ ;fOh gf) To:tf
] sfutsf] cfsf (k:ts, klqsf cflbdf) . l8dfs]{;g gf) [c\)] jgh\unsf] ;Iff cflbsf lgl
Dt 3]faGbL ug]{ sfd jg3]fp . l8lDsg c) lqm) [l8Dsf] O g] x]) 8lDsg . l8DsL gf) [yf)
O{ If]qdf k|rlnt bdfxfsf] ksf] tfnafhf . l8Ds] lj) [l8Dsf] P] l8Dsf] ePsf] l8Dsf]h:tf
] . ~ lrpf gf) d8\sLsf] lk6fO yKk8 .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

l8xL8d|L :jf:Yos]Gb| . @= cf}ifwLe08f cf}ifwfno . l8xL gf) [ (clw) Tosf] != s;}sf] vf

GsL, vjf, dfgfrfdn cflbdf blPsf] jf Ps} hgfsf] clwsfdf x]sf] kfvf] hUuf . @= kxf8s
f] km]bLdf s]xL cUnf] 7fpFdf x]sf] ;dy hldg . #= v]tsf aLrlt s]xL cUnf] 7fpFdf agfO
Psf] s6]f] . 8L gf) x]) l8 . 8Lg gf) x]) l8g . 88 gf) [;+) b|f]0f] != ufO{a:t'nfO{
], g'g, e':;f cflb lbOg] sf7 jf 9'
u \ f vf]k ] agfOPsf] ;fgf] gfph:tf] efF8f] . @=
kfgL Nofpg jf k7fpgsf lglDt xflng] 9'
\u|f]h:tf] jf sn];f]sf 9fFrfsf] df6f], l6g,
ef6f cflbsf] sf]k|f] kflPsf] j:t' . #= gfnsf] kfgL lgsf; x'g] Kjfn kgfnf] . $= tf]L
cflbsf] u]8f r'6]sf] vf]:6f] . 8'8fO gf) [ 8'8fp (cfO)] 8'F8fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] 8'8fOg' c) lqm) 8'F8fpg] xf]Og' . 8'8fpg' c) lqm) [8'F8cfpg'] != efn]n] kf]yL j
kf]yLn] efn] vf]Hb} lxF8\g' ;Def]usf] rfxgfn] otfplt nv{lg' . @= leqsf] 56k6L jf
ps;d's;n] sfpFb} lxF8\g' . 8'8 n ' f] gf) [8'F8f]pnf]] != x]o jf lgGbfsf] cy{df xTs]
f] xy'{
\uf] . lj) @= 8'F8f] ePsf] . :qL) 8'F8'nL . 8'8 ] 8'8 f] lj) != xft jf uf]8
sf cfFn } f gePsf] . @= xft jf xy'{
\uf] gePsf] . #= 5f]6f] xft ePsf] . 8'Oo f gf)
[ 8'lxFof] g]jfhfltsf] Ps ju{ 8'lxFof . 8's! ' gf) [g]jf) b's] tsfL, crf cflb agf
] fof], d"nf cflbsf] k"mn, d'gf;lxtsf] sdnf] 8fF7 . 8's'@ lj) Ond, pBf]u jf sfd ge
O{ otfplt 8'lnxg] a]OndL lg?Bf]uL . n6\7s tf]Lnfx'] . nG7nG7g nG7' lj) ljgfsfd
g] jf nv{lg] a]OndL . 8'qmg' c) lqm) [;+) b'is g'] != ;fF9,] af3 cflb sfpg' uh{g' .
mtL{ jf uj{;fy 7"nf]7"nf] :jn] af]Ng' 7"nf] 8fFsf] lems] af]Ng' sn{g' . > 8'qmfO gf)
'qmg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 8'qmfOg' s) lqm) 8'qmg nfOg' . 8'qmfpg' k|) ] lqm) 8'qmg
nfpg' . 8'lqmg' c) lqm) 8'qmg' . 8'u8'u lqm) lj) [c) d") 8'u\ c (l))] 8d?, 6fDsf], ;fg
f] bdfxf cflb ahfpFbf tfn jf zAb cfpg] uL . > 8'u8'uL gf) != 5fnfn] df]]sf] bdfxfsf
9fFrfsf] ;fgf] afhf Ps lsl;dsf] 6fDsf] . @= sfO{sfO{sg ;a}nfO{ ;'gfP kmon ulg] sf
uL gf) [c) d") 8'u\ O{] xNn 8'u8'uL (h:t} 8'UuL lk6fpg', 8'UuL lkmfpg'). 8'8' lqm) l
) d") 8'\ (l))] ;8]un]sf j:t', vfg] s f cflb a] ; L ugfpg] eP 7;7; .
> 8'8'tL8'8'L
536
lqm) lj) rsf]{l;t ugfpg] uL

7;7;L . 8'u \ f gf) [;+) b|f0 ] f] gbLdf jfkf ug{sf lglDt sf7 vf]k ] jf kmNofsx ufF;u
; F kf] agfOPsf], axgf lvofP rnfOg] ;fwg gfp gf}sf . 8'u \ ' gf) [k|f) 8'+u] !=
'k|f] f; 8\u' . lj) @= k|z:t, y'kf | ] w]} . 8'\u|L gf) ePgePsf sf ;a}lt lkmFlh
] xNnf . ~ lk6\g' 6') xNnf lkmFhfpg] sfd ug'{ . 8'\ lqm) lj) [c) d") 8'\ ] ;8]un]sf j
, vfg]sf cflb gfd|f]l;t ugfpg] uL 7:; . 8'7f] gf) OF6, 9'\uf cflbsf] ;fgf] 6'qmf] .
8'e gf) [;+)] kfgLdf a:g] ljif gePsf] Ps hftsf] ;k{ 8'd;k{ . 8'08'n gf) [;+)] ;fgf]
vfnsf] Ps hftsf] nf6f]sf];]f] . 8'G8L gf) [k|f) 8'Da O{] != 5fnfn] d9]sf], 7f]s] ahf
Og] Ps lsl;dsf] afhf . @= Tof] afhf ahfP ;j{;fwf0fnfO{ sg} sf ;"lrt ug]{ sfd . 8'G8'
f) [;+) 8'08's] n;'gsf kf]6Ldf ux'F 3';fL f]k] pdflg] ux's F } af]6h:tf] n;'gsf] :jf
b cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;fu ;fFvn ' f] . 8'lKns]6 gf) [c\)] k|ltlnlk 5fKg] oGqljz]if lnyf
] d]l;g . 8'a \ g' c) lqm) != sg} j:t' jf k|f0fL kfgLleq kg'{ sLfkm6]u \ f| tn kbfy{
kg'{ . @= sg} sfdsf]df u8] ljrf ug'{ jf tNnLg x'g' . #= wg;DklQ cflb k"} gi6 x'g' c
d cj:yfdf k'Ug' . > 8'afO gf) 8'Ag] sfd jf lsl;d . 8'afOg' s) lqm) 8'Ag nfOg' . 8'
afpg' k|]) lqm) 8'Ag] kfg'{ 8'Ag nufpg' . 8'lag' c) lqm) 8'Ag] sfd xf]Og' . 8'aN '
sL gf) [8'a\ pNsL] kfgLdf yf]} a] 8'Ag] sfd 8'AsL uf]tf . 8'af} af]6L gf) [8'a \ cf}
lxpFba ] v]{ b'j} afnL (lbJo)) . 8'AsL gf) [8'a \ sL] != 3f]8fn] j]u 5f]8s ] f] l
xF8fO jf sbfO . @= x]) 8'a'NsL . 8'd gf) [k|f) 8'a] != sgs } g } afnv]ndf c5"t aGg]
JolQm . (pbf) olt gfgf kmf6f], d';fn] sf6f], l;Ob]pm g 8'd bfO ) @= rf08fn hfltljz]
if 8f]d 8'd|f] . sfu gf) x]) 9f]n] sfu . ;k{ gf) zLdf 7f8f wsf{x b]lvg] Ps hftsf
8'Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") 8'd\ d] != vfg]sf w]} vfgfn] jf jfo' a9\gfn] k]6 k'mn] jf 9'l:;
'Gg . @= s;}nfO{ l8DSofpFbf cfjfh cfpg] rfndf l8Dd . 8'dL | gf) [;+) p8'Da> 8'Da> 8
'dL | ] nfDrf kft x'g,] k"mn gk'mnLsg} c~hLsf h:tf kmn kmNg], jsf hftsf] v

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
537

8'd|f]8f]s];f] cSsn gf) grflxg] vfnsf] a9L cSsn . ~ cSsnL lj) 8]9cSsn nfpg] jf k"f cS
sn gePsf] nfna'emSs8 . > 8]9L lj) Ps cfwf 8]9 . 8]k6 ' L gf) [c\)] gfoa pk (h:t}
L lh:6f, 8]k'6L ;]qm]6L O)) . 8]Kkf lj) [g]jf) b]kf] bfofFeGbf afofF xft a9L rNg] jf
rnfpg] b]a|] afpF6] . 8]asf8f] gf) ;'Gtnf
sf] hf 7"n7"nf sfF8f x'g], rfFu]sf h:tf
Ug], kx]Fnf af6'nf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . 8]la|g c) lqm) [8]af | ] O g] != 6]9f
] :jefjsf] xg 6]l9g . @= 8]a|f] xg afpFl6g . 8]a|f] lj) != eg]sf] gag] jf Ps
yf]s eg]sfdf cs}{ yf]s ug]{ cwa];|f] afpF6f] . @= eg]sf] g6]g]{ c6] . 8]Ao|fO gf) [ 8
la| ( ofO)] 8]la|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8]Ao|fOg s) lqm) 8]a|f] kflg . 8]Ao|f
pg k|]) lqm) 8]a|f] kfg{ . 8]f gf) [k|f) 8fofn] != yf]} jf s]xL lbgsf lglDt al;g],
csf{sf] 3 c:yfoL jf;:yfg . @= ef8fsf] 3 jf sf]7f] . 8G8f gf) c:yfoL a;f]af; cfjZos
;;fdfg;lxtsf] Joj:yf . 8]L gf) [c\) 8]oL] ufO{e}F;L cflb kfNg] jf gf}gL cflb lgsfNg]
k|zf]lwt b"w ;j{;fwf0fdf laqmLljt0f ug]{ :yfg bUwzfnf b"w3 . ~ kmd{ gf) 8]Lsf] sfv
Uw ljsf; ;+:yfg . 8] ] lj) [8]f] P] 8]8] 8]f] . 8]lng ;) lqm) [8]nL g] != k]6 8Dd
sl;dn] w]} vfg asNofpg . c) lqm) @= t[Kt xg c3fpg . 8]nL gf) [;+) 8Nns] != afF;
sf rf]of, a]t cflbff ag]sf] k]6ff] . @= klxn]klxn] bxL, dxL cflb xfn] af]lsg] afF; j
f a]tsf rf]ofaf6 ag]sf] efF8f] . 8]NofO gf) [ 8]ln ( ofO)] 8]lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [ > ] 8]NofOg s) lqm) 8]lng] kflg . 8]Nofpg k|) ] lqm) 8]lng] kfg{ . 8]:s gf)
[c\)] n]Vgk9\gsf lglDt pkof]u ulg] 6]an  h:t} kmlg{r 3f{jfn 6]an . 8f]8 gf) Ps k|s
;k{ljz]if . 8f]ONof gf) lgufnfsf] rf]ofn] algg] 8f]sfsf cfsfsf] Ps k|sfsf] 3]n ;f
wg . 8f]s] lj) [8f]sf] P] 8f]sf] af]s] dfq k]6kfnf] ug]{ 8f]sf] af]Sg] 8f]sf;Fu ;DalGw
t . 8f]s; ] f] gf) [8f]sf] P;f]] != ?Gr] nfu]sf s]6fs]6LnfO{ 8f]sfn] 5f]kL kfgL vGo
fP ulg] ;hfooQm pkrf . @= rfr?\uL

jf To;}sf] kmn . 8df | ] x]) 8d . 8n\g c) lqm) != dg axnfpgsf nflu jk, otfplt lxF
8g \  6xNg . @= sg} sfdljz]ifn] jf x]g{] p2]Zon] gofFgofF 7fpFdf 3Dg 3dlkm ug{
. > 8nGtf8nGtfd\8nGt] lj) 8lnxg] :jefjsf] 8njf . 8nlkm gf) 8Ng] jf 6xNg] sfd
lkm . 8nfO gf) 8Ng] jf 8nfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 8nfOg s) lqm) 8Ng nfOg . 8nfpg
k|]) lqm) 8Ng nfpg . 8ln gf) [;+)] ;fgf] hftsf] kf]yL s5jf s5jL . 8lng c) lq
m) [8n\ O g] 8Ng] sfd eOg 3ldg . \ pjf] 8Ng] afgL ePsf] 8nGt] . ~ e"t 8nj  f
j) [8n gf) != 8lnxg] vfnsf] lxF8]sf dflg;xpk nfUg] Ps lsl;dsf] slNkt e"t . @= G8La
h uG8f] . 8NsL gf) [;+) 8f]ng] pk|mh ] :tf] uL rf} vf 5f5} jf qmd}n] p7fP bug
]8fsf] rfn . 8; gf) [c\) 8z] ubfaf6 kfOk jf gnLff tn cf}ifwL k]6df kofO{ lb;f v
] pkrfljz]if . 8lxof gf) [g]jf) b'O] F x]) 8'OFof . 8'x ' ] lj) [8'x'f]P] ;fgf] sb
ufF7Lsf] n'] 8'x'f] . ~ d';f] gf) != ;fgf] hftsf] d';f] . @= (nfIfl0fs cy{df) s]xL u
g{ g;Sg] n'] dflg; . 8'x ' f] lj) [;+) b'a{n] != ;nSs gkL lvPsf] ;fgf] sb jf ufF7Lsf]
n'f] . ~ d';f] gf) != ;fgf] hftsf] d';f] . @= (nfIfl0fs cy{df_ s]xL ug{ g;Sg] n'] d
flg; . 8"8 gf) x]) 8'F8 . 8"d gf) x]) 8'd . 8]9 L gf) ljif gx'g] ;fgf] hftsf] Ps k
|sfsf] ;k{ . 8]p9f lj) [8]8f]] != 58\s] jf 6]9f] 8\of}9f . @= af
\uf] . #= bf]7f
k]sf
8]p9L gf) [;+) b]xnL] !=9f]sfcufl8sf] 7fpF v8\un ] L 8\of}9L . @= af6f] df]l8g] jf
;8s 3'd]sf] 7fpF df]8 3'DtL . 8]p9f] lj) [8]p9fcf]] != c;Fu ldNg] :jefj gePsf] 8]af|
c8\e
\Uofxf 8\of}9f] . @= 8]p9f jf 58\s] (af6f] cflb) . 8]SrL gf) [kmf) b]ur] yf]} l
a6 kms]{sf], 7f8f] kmflsnf], ksfpg] efF8f] tk]; 8]SrL . 8]u gf) [8u\] kfOnf] km8\sf]
. (pbf) hlt eg] klg pgL 3af6 8]u rn]gg\) . > 8]lunf] lj) 8]u ePsf] 8]u nfUg] . 8]8 ]
lj) [8]8f]P] 8]8f] . 8]8f] lj) [k|f) 8]] != cfFvf 6]9f] x'g] jf 6]9f] eP x]g]{ . @=
ss]{ af
\uf] (cfFvf) . 8]9 lj) [k|f) l8j8\9] Ps cfwf ;f9] Ps (!) .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

8f]sf]8f]nfdL ;dfTg] 8f]sfsf] kf;f] . ] f], 8f]sf] gf) [;+) 8Nns] != afF;, lgufnf
cflbsf rf]ofn] a'gs 7"n7"nf cfFvf jf Kjfn x'g,] dfntfn xfnL gfDnf] jf vsg;d]t nu
fP lkl7pFdf af]lsg] ;f]nLh:tf] efF8f] . @= ;sfL x'nfs af]s]afkt vfGsLsf kdf s]xL hUu
f cflb kfOg] k'fgf] k|rngsf] sd . ~ g 8fnf] lj) s]xL klg gx'g] l:ylt cy{ g ay{sf] ljg
fkQfsf] . ~ gfDnf] gf) af]Sg] efF8f] af]lsg] 8f]L, gfDnf] cflb ;fwg 8f]sf] gfDnf] .
~ kfgL gf) x]) 8f]s];f] . 8f]
d]g gf) [ef]) a)] 5j6f tf ePsf] 6fpsf]df k|foM 3f]8fsf
] 6fpsf] vf]lkPsf] x'g], ;]a'|gfr uLtdf ahfOg], 6'
\gfsf] 7"nf] ksf] afhf . 8f]6L gf
) g]kfnsf] ;'b" klZrddf x]sf], ;]tL c~rnleq kg]{ Ps lhNnf . > 8f]6]n lj) != 8f]6L l
hNnfdf a:g] jf 8f]6Lsf] lgjf;L 8f]6L lhNnfsf] 8f]6L;DaGwL . gf) @= g]kfnLsf] Pp6f
y . 8f]6fn gf) 8f]6]n . 8f]a\g ;) lqm) [8f]a g] != sf]6, kfOG6 cflb l;pFbf ldnfgsf l
lDt klxn] 7"n7"nf 6fFsf u] tGg jf km8\sf] df] l;pg 8f]a nufpg lrg nufpg . @= rf
6 jf 3fp nfpg lvNg . #= rf]kNg 8afpg . 8f]a gf) [;+) l8d\] != l;nfO, vf]kfO cf
lbsf] lrXg . @= xnf], aGrf] cflb xltofaf6 nfu]sf] rf]6 8fd vt . #= sfdsf] cGbfhsf lg
lDt klxn] nufOg] lrg . $= rf; (v]t) . 8f]a6L gf) [ bf]aL] afSnf] vfnsf] Ps hftsf]
vfF8L . 8f]afO gf) [ 8f]a\ ( cfO)] 8f]Ag] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8f]afOg s) lqm) 8
f]Ag nfOg . 8f]afpg k|]) lqm) 8f]Ag nfpg lrg nfpg . 8f]lag s) lqm) 8f]Ag] sfd
ulg . 8f]laNsf 8f]laNsL gf) [8f]laNsf] 8f]laNsf]] ;fgf7"nf 8f]laNsfsf] ;d"x 8f]laNs
f] 8f]laNsL . 8f]laNsL gf) [8f]laNsf] O{] ;fgf] 8f]laNsf] . 8f]laNsf] gf) [8f]a \ ONs
f]] kfgLsf] ;fgf] bx ;fgf] lsl;dsf] hnfzo jf sjf 8f]lAsnf] . 8f]lAsnf 8f]lAsnL gf) [
8f]lAsnf] 8f]lAsnf]] ;fgf7"nf w]} 8f]lAsnf . 8f]lAsnf] gf) [8lAs Onf]] kfgL ePsf] ;fg
f] vfN8f] 8f]laNsf] . 8f]d gf) [;+) 8]d] 8d rf08fn . > 8f]d ] lj) 8f]d;DaGwL jf 8f]
dsf] 8f]dnfO{ lbOg] (cgfh, k};f cflb) . 8f] gf) [;+)] != sg} ljz]if sfd ug{ s]xL lbg
sf lglDt cfaf6 aflx v6fOg] sd{rfLxsf] 6f]nL jf To; 6f]nLn] ug]{ sfd . @= tLy{ofqfsf]
k|;\u . #= wfuf] ;"t 8f]f] . 8f]lg c) lqm) [8f]f] O g] cn] htf nUof] pt} nflug
lb ;dft] lxFl8g .
538

8f]lof lj) [8f]l Oof] 8f]ofpg] ;DaGw ufF:g] . ~ kmlof gf) wfuf, kmlof cflb :qLhfltn
z[\uf;fwg j:q . 8f]L gf) [;+) 8f]] aflaof], wfuf], kf6 cflbn] afl6Psf], kf]of] nufO
sf] jf gnufOPsf] df]6f] 8f]f] nvfsL . 8f]]6f] gf) [8f]f] P6f]] PsbO{ hgf dfq lxF8\g
;fgf] af6f] uf]]6f] . 8f] ] lj) [8f]f] P] 8f]f] ePsf] wsf{wsL{ ePsf] 8f]f];DaGwL
] gf) [8f]f] P6f]] x]) 8f]]F6f] . 8f]l ] k gf) [8f]] lk] vsf] xfFufdf afFw] bO{l
mG8fO{ tn sfd|f] xfn]sf] dRrfP v]lng] lk . 8f]f] gf) [;+) 8f]] != aGg], afFWg] cflb
sfd lnOg] skf;, pmg, kf6 cflbsf] afl6Psf] jf a6flPsf] tGt wfuf] ;"t . @= kL7f], r"
g cflb w"nf] j:t v;flnPsf] ;f]emf] wsf]{ ]vf . #= Iff;"q . $= af6f] uf]]6f] . jfn
dWo:ynnfO{ dbt ug]{ sfddf v]nsf d}bfgsf] 5]pdf xg] clwsfL . > 8f]of6f] gf) x]) 8f]]F
f] . 8f]ofO gf) [ 8f]l (ofO)] != 8f]lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [8f]ofpofO] @= 8f]ofpg]
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8f]ofOg' s) lqm) ;dft] lxF8fOg' . [ > ] 8f]ofpg' ;) lqm) != kz'xnf
{ 8f]L cflbn] afFw] l3RRofpg' . @= ;f;L jf fd|L lxF8\g g;Sg]nfO{ sg} cfwf lbP cyjf
}hfg' . #= s;}nfO{ cfgf] kl5kl5 nufP lxF8fpg jf nfg . 8f]n\g [;+) bf]ng] xfFuf, kf
t cflb otfplt emNg xNng . 8f]n gf) [k|f) 8f]n< ;+) bf]n] != Ogfaf6 kfgL lemSg pk
of]u ulg] 8Nnf] vfnsf] efF8f] . @= bO{ 8fF8fsf aLrdf x]sf] v]tL ug{ xg] nfdf], ;
f]tf] hldg . 8f]nf! gf) [;+) bf]n cf] dflg;n] af]Sg] emf]n\uf]h:tf] nfdf] ;jfL 8f]nL
. 8f]nf@ gf) [ bnxL] ljjfx ug{sf nflu cGoqaf6 3df NofP flvPsL sGof ljjfxcl3 3df tfl
ug{ NofOPsL sGof . 8f]nfO gf) [ 8f]n\8f]nfp ( cfO)] 8f]Ng] jf 8f]nfpg] lqmofk|lqmof .
[ > ] 8f]nfOg s) lqm) 8f]nfpg] sfd ulg emnfOg . 8f]nfpg ;) lqm) != rd, k\vf cfl
la:tf}la:tf} xDsg jf xNnfpg emnfpg . @= sl;\u jf ldl;Psf j:tx 5fpg gf\nfdf
n] la:tf} xNnfpg . 8f]nfhL gf) [8f]nf hL] ljjfx ug{sf lglDt cGoqaf6 3df NofP flvg] j
f]nfdL gf) [ 8f]n]] 8f]nf] lsl;dsf] nfdf] ;nSs k]sf] skfnsf] rN7f] .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
539

8f]lng8\jfDd 8fs gf) [g]jf) 3fo]u]  Jofkf ubf{ dgfkmf kn df]n;d]t k|fKt geO{ ePs
xflg 3f6f gf]S;fg . 8f gf) != afnL nufpgsf lglDt bO{lt sn];f] kfL dfemdf yf]} p7f
df6fsf] nfdf] v08]bf ;fgf] l8n . lj) @= al4 gePsf] ns . kf6fkftf gf) v, kft cflb
8 F agfP a:g] ftf]ftf], 7"nf] Ps hftsf] sldnf] . 8fd8fd lqm) lj) [c) d") 8fd c (l))
fnu dSSofpg] uL 9fd9fd . @= Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ k5flP . > 8fd8fdtL8fd8fdL lqm) lj
pg] jf k5flg] lsl;dn] . 8fdk|k  m gf) [c\)] hldgsf] lr;f] gcfcf];\ eGGfsf lglDt aln
of] kfg{sf nflu 3 cflb agfpFbf hu, uff] jf eOFdf ulg] 9nfg . 8fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 8
d\ d] != s;}nfO{ dSsfn] lxsf{pFbf 7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] uL 9:; 9fDd . @= 5fof, afbn, slx
cflbn] Jofks kdf 9flsP . #= cfjfh cfpg] uL k5flFb} . 8f}9f lj)x]) 8]p9f . 8f}9L gf
8]p9L . 8f}9f] lj)x]) 8]p9f] . 8d gf) [c\)] != dlt]n, cnsqf, k]6f]n cflb xfNg k|of]u
] uf]nf] 7"nf] 9\jf To:tf] efF8f] . @= 5fnfsf] uf]nf] k|]mddf bj} 5]paf6 jlkl 5fnfs
} 8f]Ln] bf];Fu s;] agfOPsf] nL jf xftn] ahfOg] jfBoGq 9f]n d[b\u . 8fOlSng gf) [c
lgs d]l;gff xg] sk8fsf] wnfO jf To:tf] wnfO xg] :yfg wnfO3 . 8fOe gf) [c\)] df
cflb xfFSg] JolQm rfns . 8fdf gf) [c\)] != clego gf6s gf6snf . @= \ud~rdf k|bz{g u
] tyf l6eLaf6 ;d]t k|;flt xg] cleg]o sfJo . 8\jf8\
lqm)lj)x]) 8\jf
\u . 8\jf8j \ f
lj) [c) d") 8\jfF (l))] != ufO{j:t'n] Psf]xf]f] sfpg] uL . @= 7"nf] 8fFsf] 5f]8] ?Fb}
jf 7"nf] :jn] sfpFb} . 8\jf
8\jf
lqm) lj) [c) d") 8\jf
c (l))] ofn, 9f] s f cflb Ps
eP v' n f x' g ] uL . > 8\jf
8\jf
tL lqm) lj) cem} 8\jf
8\jf
x'g] uL . 8\jf
\u lqm) l
) 8\jf
\u] != Ps} rf]l6 a];L n8\g] jf k5flg] uL 8\jf
\
. @= ofn9f]sf cflb ;a} v'nf e
uf |
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") 8\jf
\uf |
\
] hf]8;Fu n8\g] jf k5flg] uL . 8\jfDd lqm) lj)
8\jfd\d] tLvf] cfjfh cfpg] uL k5flP d'8s \ Ln] lxsf{Psf] h:tf] cfjfh cfpg] uL .

8f]lng c) lqm) [8f]n \ O g] xlNng emlng . 8f]nL gf) [8f]nf O{] bO{ltaf6 dflg;f
], 8fF8Ldf c8fOPsf], emf]n  u \ f]h:tf] ;Tg xg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;jfL 8f]nf . 8f]n] gf
[8f]nL P] != 8f]nL af]Sg] jf 8f]nL af]s] hLljsf rnfpg] dflg; . @= efG;fdf vfg]s f]
Nofpg] jf efF8f dfg] gf]s . ~ 9f]n] gf) 8f]nL af]Sg] afhf ahfpg] JolQm 8f]n] 9f]nL
8f]nk ]; } f] gf) [8f]nf] k};f]] klxn]klxn] rNtLdf cfPsf] kGo"s F f] 8fF7h:tf] k};
f] . 8f]n7 ] f] gf) [8f]nf] P7f]] 8f]nf] k]sf] jf af6nf] vfnsf] sf7 . 8f]nf] lj) [8f
]n cf]] rfkf6] jf r]K6f] geO{ nfdf] uf]n lsl;dsf] ;df] (kfvf, nL, :tDe cflb) . ~ u
f) 8f]nf kft x'g] Ps hftsf] u'Fb emf . 8f]Nkf gf) g]kfnsf] dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf;If]ql
eq kg]{ s0ff{nL c~rnsf] pQL e]sdf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . 8f]NofO gf) [ 8f]Nofp (cfO)] 8f]No
fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 8f]NofOg' s) lqm) 8f]nf] kflg' . 8f]Nofpg' ;) lqm) [8
f]nf]ofpg'] 8f]nf] kfg'{ uf]nf] nflDrnf] agfpg' . 8f]N;L gf) [ 8f]nL] b'O{lt lsgf
] eO{ dfemdf ulxf] k]sf] vfN8f] To:t} vfnsf] nfdf] ]vf . 8f]xf]! gf) [;+) b|f]x] s;}s
f] pGglt jf ;'v;Gtf]if b]v] dgdf x'g] 8fx l; O{iof{ . 8f]xf]@ gf) [;+) b'ne { ] != sg
cfjZos j:t'sf lglDt ePsf] vfFrf] xhf]{ . @= sdL Go"gtf . ~ 8f]xf] gf) cfjZos sfsf] s
dL xf]nfxf]nfh:tf] l:ylt k'u];ku]; . (pbf) dnfO{ o;kN6 vr{n] 8f]xf]8f]xf] kf]sf] 5)
. 8f}7 ] lj) [ 8fF7] != sfd ug]{ vaL, ;Lk jf 9\u gePsf] . @= 7f]{ ldhf;sf] 7f8] .
lgxf] gf) 7"n7"nf 8fF7 xg] Ps hftsf] lgxf] . 8f}8flg c) lqm) [8f}F8ff] O g] !
fh guL otfplt 8Ng 9f}F6flg . @= kmtkmtfpFb} jf km6km6fpFb} otfplt nvlg . 8f}8f]
[8f}F8ff] P] != sfd ug]{ ;Lk jf 9\u gePsf] . @= hyfefaL;Fu jf grflxFbf] lsl;dn] vr{
ug]{ . #= a]sfddf 3ldxg] 8nj  f. 8f}8ff] gf) hldg, leQf cflbdf k]sf] 7"nf] Kjfn E
8v \ ff] . 8f}8 fofO gf) [ 8f}8 fl ( ofO)] 8f}8 F fofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
fOg s) lqm) sfd g sfhl;t 8nfOg . 8f}8 fofpg k|) ] lqm) sfd g sfhl;t otfplt 8nf
pg . 8fn } gf) [;+) b]x] != zL cflbsf] cfsfk|sf . @= sg} rgfsf] agf]6 . #= sg} j
sfdsf] k]vf vfsf .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
99kf]6
540

9
9 b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{sf] rf}wf}F j0f{ d"wG{ o, tfl8t,
:kzL{, ;3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hgj0f{ 6ju{sf] rf}yf] j0f{ jf cIf n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{ jf cI
fsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg ss kR5] 9 . 96jf/] gf)x]) 9F6'jf/] . 96j ' f lj)
f]ns ] f] s'/f k"/f gug]{ 9fF6g \ ] :jefjsf] km6fxf . :qL) 9F6j ' L. 9F6j ' f/] gf)
[9fF6 \ jf/]] != df?gL gfrdf df?gLsf] cl3 kl5 nfu] r]kff] 3:t} gfRg] kfq ljb"ifs efF
9F6jf/] . @= ;f] kfqn] ufpg] uLt . lj) #= 9fF6g \ ] :jefjsf] . \ f ePsf], kfgL g
c8\g] jf 98fg gf) [9fF8ofg] != w]} 9'
u pAhfp gx'g] hUuf . @= 9fF8 k]sf] 7fpF jf hUuf
9s gf) [;+) cf9s] kfp, lsnf], wfgL{, dg cflb hf]Vg] ;sfL 5fk nfu]sf] kmnfd] jf lkQn
] ;fwg . 9s9s lqm) lj) [c) d") 9s\c (l))] 9f]sf, sf7, l6g cflbdf 7f]Sbf cfjfh cfpg]
rfndf . > 9s9SofO gf) 9s9Sofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 9s9SofOg' s) lqm) 9s9s uL xNnfO
g' 9s9s cfjfh cfpg] kflg' . 9s9Sofpg' ;) lqm) != 9s9s cfjfh cfpg] uL 9f]sfdf lxsf{pg
' . @= cGgkft w]} c6fpgsf lglDt efF8fdf 9s9s cfjfh cfpg] uL xNnfpg' . 9sgf gf) [9fs
\cgf] 8]SrL, cfL, tk]; cflbsf] d'v 9fSg] ;fwg 5kgL lasf]{ . 9sgL gf) [9fs\cgL] != ;fg
] 9sgf ;fgf] lasf]{ . @= d'v 9fSg] n'uf . 9sg] gf) rfdn l3pdf e'6 ] b"wdf ksfO{ lrg
L;d]t xfn] tof kflPsf] :jflbi6 vfg]sf . 9sdSs lqm) lj) [c) d")] != jg, au}r F f cflbd
k|z:t k"mn k'mNg] uL . @= afbn, slxf], 5fof cflbn] fd|L 9fs] . 9sfO gf) [ 9fs\ (c
Sg] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] 9sfOg' s) lqm) 9fSg nfOg' . 9sfpg' k|) ] lqm) 9fSg] kfg'{
5f]kfpg' km}nfpg' . 9sfof] gf) 8fF7sf 6'Kkfdf k|foM tLgj6f kft x'g], kx]Fnf 3f]ufb
f k"mn k'mNg] a'6Lljz]if . 9sf gf) [;+)] 9 cIf 6ju{sf] t];|f] j0f{ . 9lsof gf) [9sL
fgf] 9SsL . 9Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 9s\s] cTof; jf 8n] l;l
\u eP hLp k'mNg] uL d'6' pk|
x'g vf]Hg] rfnn] . 9Ssg gf) [;+)] != ofn, 9f]sf cflb nfpg] jf aGb ug]{ sfd . @= sg
} j:t' 9fSg] ;fwg 9sgf . 9Ssf gf) [;+)] 7f]s] ahfOg] 7"nf] 9f]n guf bdfxf . 9SsfL g
+)] b'uf{sf] Ps k tff . 9SsL gf) [ ;+) cf9sL] rf]of cflbn] a'gs ] f], kmnk"mn, ;'vf
vfg]sf cflb xfNg] v'nf d'v ePsf] yfnh:tf] efF8f] . 9
\u gf) [;+) t
\u] != sg} sfd ug]{
4lt, z}nL, ;Lk tyf 9fFrf jf 5fF6 . @= s;}df x'g] c;n jf vfa :jefj afgLa]xf]f . #= sg
} ljifoj:t'sf] lsl;d jf k|sf . ~ d? lj) 9
\u gePsf] (JolQm) . ~
\u gf) sfd ufOsf] ;Lk
F6 9fFrfsfFrf rfnfdfnf
\u9
\u . 9l8of gf) [9fF8Oof] gbLgfnf cflbdf df5f ;dfTg] jf yf
fddf k|of]u ulg], afF;sf sK6]fn] agfOPsf], df5f k;]kl5 lg:sg g;Sg] ;f]nLh:tf] kf;f
] jf vf] Ps lsl;dsf] v'u F f. 98]g98fg gf) [9LPgofg] != sfF;, v cflb 3fF; pd|]sf]
hUuf . @= 9L g} 9L ePsf] hUuf . 98\8f gf) [k|f) 9Aa'] cfvfgfdf nut, df]7 cflb fVg] j
f b'sfgxdf xlx;fa fVg] 7"nf] axLvftf . 98\8L gf) [k|f) 8Ae] sfF;sf h:tf nfdfnfdf kft
x'g], sNsLbf ftf k"mn k'mNg] Ps lsl;dsf] 3fF; Ps lsl;dsf] 7"nf] 3fF; . 98\8' lj) [ 9
f8p] lgs} cUnf] df]6f]3f6f] 7"nf] hLp8fnsf] . 98\g];f] gf) 9f8sf] xf8 . 98fO gf) [
8 (ofO)] != 9fl8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof [98fpcfO] @= 98fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 98fO
g' s) lqm) != wks8 ulg' . @= 9fl8g] ufOg' . 98fpg' ;) lqm) != n'uf, u]8fu'8L cflb kfg
df xfn] 9fl8g] ufpg' lehfpg' jf k'mnfpg' . @= ue{wf0f ufpg' k]6 af]sfpg' . #= s;}nfO{
dg gkLsg v'jfpg' . 98fpg' ;) lqm) n]gb]g, xlx;fa cflb sfdf wks8 ug'{ x8fpg' . 98f
lj) [c) d") 98f
\c (l))] PsfPs u8a8 eP 76fpg] jf efUg] rfn lgsfNb} . 9kfO gf) [ 9fk\
] 9fKg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 9kfOg' s) lqm) 9fKg jf 5f]Kg nufOg' cf]u6fOg' . 9
kfpg' k|]) lqm) 9fKg nfpg' 5f]kfpg' . 9kf]6 gf) [c) bk\mcft] != ;a} sdsf cfDbfgL, vr
{, lhG;L, gubL cflbsf] kmfF6jfL v'nfO{ axL a'emfpg] cf jf 7fpFdf sdLn] a'emfpg] 7"n
f] axL . @= Ps k|sfsf] jfl;n

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
541

9a9f6 l;d]G6, afn'jf f]8f 3f]n ] 9fNg] jf ldnfpg] sfd ;fFrfdf hdfpg] sfd . 9nfkft g
[9nkf6] 9n v:g] lgsf; hfg] 7fpF jf cj:yf . 9nLdnL lqm) lj) [9ndn] != dgdflkms jf l
gl:kmqmL;Fu cfk"mnfO{ rflxFbf] lng] jf pkef]u ug]{ uL . @= dgUo} 7fpF lnP jf ldr] n8L
a'8L . #= hyfefaL dgkL . 9n'jf lj) [9fn\pjf] != tfdf f
ld;fP agfOPsf] jf hdfOPsf]
] 9nf}6] . @= kfgL aUg] lsl;dsf] lefnf] yf]} cf]fnf] . 9n}t gf) [9fnP]t] 9fn afFw]sf
kfxL . 9nf]69nf}6 gf) [9fn\cf]6cf}6] != tfdf f
ldl;P aGg] Ps k|sfsf] k|l;4 wft' .
] agfOPsf] ;fwg jf j:t' . > 9nf]6]9nf}6] lj) 9fn] agfPsf] 9n'jf . 9Nsg c) lqm) [c)
9ns g] != 7f8f] ePsf] j:t s]xL 9Ng jf lgxg . @= s;};Fu sg} sfdsfdf emSg gxg
#= cl;t cf;St xg nxl;g kIf lng . $= sg} sf0fn] 6]l9g . %= ;do laTg uh|g . >
NsfO gf) 9Nsg] jf 9Nsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . 9NsfOg s) lqm) 9Nsg nfOg emsfOg . 9Nsfp
g k|) ] lqm) != s;}nfO{ cfgf dt jf ljrfdf Nofpg lgxfpg emsfpg . @= yf]} cf]fn
g{ 9njf agfpg . 9lNsg c) lqm) != s]xL emlsg jf 9lng . @= 9Nsg . 9NsLdNsL lq
m) lj) != dg gnfO{gnfO{ jf cfgf ;df la:tf} sfd ug]{ uL . @=;Grl;t xNnLxNnL la:tf} lx
F8g \ ] rfnn] . 9NSofO gf) 9lNsg] jf 9Nsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 9NSofx6 gf) 9
lNsg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf 9NSofO . 9;d:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 9;\ c (l))] dh}l;t cf;g hdf
P lgl:kmqmL;Fu a;] k|z:t 7fpF cf]u6\g] uL a:t} . 9fs gf) != pv'sf] luF8\g x'g] af]6
mf] (Ps 9fFs pv', b'O{ 9fFs pv' O)) . @= wfuf] agfpg k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] ag}of
emf . 9frf gf) [;+) wfi6{] sg} j:t' jf agf]6sf] gd'gf, lsl;d jf k|sf cfsf . sfrf
j:t' jf agf]6sf] cfsfk|sf, k
\u jf 5fF6sfF6 . @= 9fF6afF6 ;hfj6 . #= rfnrng rfnfdfnf
jfn lj) 9fFrf kfg]{ jfkmL 9fFl6nf] . > 9frL lj) 9fFrf ug]{ 9fFrfjfn . 9f6\g ;) l
] != ePsf] jf ;2] sf gaf]Ng c;t\ sf] ug{ c;To af]Ng cnfO{ 5Sofpg jf emSSofpg
ndf kfg{ . @= em"6f] sfdsfafO{ ug{ . 9f6 lj) [;+) w"t] { != 9fF6 ] sf ug]{ em"6f]
Ng] 9F6j ' f km6fxf . @= ldYof em"6f] . ~ 7uL gf) ;f]emf;femf JolQmnfO{

afFsL . 9a gf) sfObf, 9fFrf 9
\u 5fF6 cfsf cfs[lt . @= afgLa]xf] rfnrng . 9Aa' lj)
"] lgs} 7"nf] e2f vfnsf] a8]dfsf] . 9d9d lqm) lj) [c) d") 9d\c (l))] != emf]lSsP jf h
];n] v'f ahfb}{ . @= 9f]n, guf cflb ahfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL . gf) #= To:tf] rfn jf zAb
. 9Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") 9d\d] hf]8;Fu k5flg] jf n8\g] uL 9fDd . 9 lqm) lj) [c) d"
nuftf 9{ x'g] uL . ~ 9d lqm) lj)gf) x]) 9{9d . 9{ [c) d") 9\] != bdfxf cflb afh
b cfpg] uL . @= Ps} rf]l6 w]} tf]k jf aGb'sx k8\sfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . #= 7"nf] zAb
cfpg] uL ckfgjfo' 5f]8] . ~ 9d lqm) lj) != bdfxf cflb afhf tfn lbP ahfpg] uL . gf) @
= To;L ahfpFbf cfpg] cfjfh . 9f{ gf) [;+) wff] grflxFbf] jf b]vfj6L 9fFrf :jf
. 9n\g
lqm) [k|f) 9n g] != 7l8P x]sf] sg} j:t n8\g k5flg . @= plePsf] dflg; jf hLjhGt k
6g ;Tg 9Nsg . #= kflht xg xfg{ . $= kfgL tnlt aUg . %= sg} ;do, cj:yf cflb la
g . ^= clGtd cj:yfdf kUg jf dg{ . &= kUn]sf] wft cflb ;fFrf]cg;f ljleGg cfs
f 9fFrfdf ab\lng . 9n gf) [k|f)] != k]sf] jf kmf]xf] kfgL aUg] sn];f]sf lsl;dn] agf
Psf] cyjf kfOk hl8Psf] kgfnf] gfnf . @= Ps lsl;dsf] snf] . 9nSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 9n
s\ s] 9Ns] lxF8\g] uL xfF;sf lxF8fOsf] rfndf . 9n lgsf; gf) [9n lgsf;] kmf]xf]d}nf, kf
cflb au] jf lg:s] hfg] 7fpF 9n lgsf; . 9nkn lqm) lj) [c) d") 9n\ kN6] n8\gn8\g vf]h]
F uL 6nkmn . > 9nknfO gf) 9nknfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 9nknfOg c) lqm) 9nkn xf]
Og . 9nknfpg c) lqm) 9nkn ug]{ sfd xg . 9ndn lqm) lj) [k|f) 909lnc] nv{lg] jf n
8\g vf]Hg] uL 9nkn . > 9ndnfO gf) 9ndnfpg] sfd jf lsl;d . 9ndnfOg c) lqm) 9ndn ug]{
sfd xf]Og . 9ndnfpg c) lqm) 9ndn xg . 9ndlng c) lqm) 9ndnfpg . 9nfO gf) [ 9n\
9fn\ ( cfO)] != 9Ng] jf 9fNg] lqmofk|lqmof . [9nfp cfO] @= 9nfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . [ > ] 9nfOg s) lqm) 9Ng jf 9fNg nfOg . 9nfpg k|) ] lqm) 9Ng nfpg 9Ng] kf
g{ kN6fpg 9Nsfpg . 9nfg gf) [9fn\ cfg] 5fgf, aG8f cflbdf 8G8L afFwL

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

9f69'6l98f] 9fF6L5nL 7Ug] sfd . 9f69'6 gf) [9fF69fF6] cnfO{ 9fF6\g] sfd 5n5fd .
] lj) 9fF69'6 F ug]{ em"6f] af]Ng] w"t{ . 9f8 gf) 9'
\uf w]} ePsf] jf leqleq kfgL l5L
gL gc8\g] afnLgfnL gx'g] hldg 9F8fg . 9fs\g ;) lqm) [;+) 9Ssg] != sg} j:t jf efF8f
fO{ 9sgL, ?dfn cflbn] 5f]Kg aGb ug{ . @= sg} 7fpF, If]q cflb JofKt ug{ jf km}ln
g . #= 7fpF lng cf]u6\g . $= sfdsf] Eofpg . %= sg} sf] jf rLh nsfpg . 9fs gf)
s\ c] != n]vfOdf dxjk"0f{ jfSo, a]xf]f, sd jf gfpFsf dlg lbOg] t];f]{ wsf]{ cwf]]vf\s
@= 9fSg] sfd . ~ 5f]k gf) != gfd|f] sfdsfnfO{ fd|f] sfdsfn] 5f]Kg] sfd 5f]k5fk . @
j:tnfO{ lasf]{, 9sgL cflbn] 9fSg] 5f]Kg] sfd 9sfO . 9fs9s lqm) lj) [c) d") 9fs (
l))] sg} ux\uf] j:t v:tf jf dflg;x pk|mFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL 7fs7s . 9fs gf) [;+)
!= dfn;fdfg xfn] af]lsg] rf]ofn] ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] y]Krf] 8f]sf] . @= ?jf,
;tL{ cflb af]faGbL ulPsf] 7"nf] efL jf ufF7 . 9fsf gf) [;+) 9Ss] != sfrf]{kL e]sf]
h:tf] \uLla\uL af xg], klxn] 9fsf ;xdf aGg] u]sfn] To;} gfdaf6 k|l;4 bfdL sk8f . @
unfb]zsf] fhwfgL . #= t]x|yd, kfNkflt tfgdf algg] ljleGg \usf] k|l;4 sk8f . lj) $=
9fsfsf] sk8faf6 agfOPsf] jf tof kflPsf] (9fsf 6f]kL, 9fsf k5f}f jf vf:6f], 9fsf rf]
nf] O)) . 9flsg s) lqm) [9fs\ O g] 9fSg] sfd ulg . 9fqm] gf) [9fs P] != 9fs af]s]
JolQm elof . @= 7]sLe]6L aemfO{ a:g] yL ;Aafsf }tL . lj) #= hflu gePsf] jf gvfPsf
;]jfaf6 dQm . 8f]sf] gf) ;fgf cfFvf, afSnf] sfkf ePsf], dl;g' rf]ofn] lvk] a'gs ]
f], af]Sg ;lhnf] vfnsf] 8f]sf] . 9f6 gf) != ;jfL ;fwgnfO{ f]sL s c;'Ng jf hfFra'em
ug{ af6f3f6fdf nufOPsf] sf7 jf afF;sf] tuff] cjf]w . @= gukflnsf cflbn] lgif]w u]sf]
If]qdf ufO{a:t' 5f]l8P ltgnfO{ kqmL y'g ] fVg] 7fpF sfGhLxfp; . 9f8 gf) [;+) b08> w8
] zLsf] sDdk5fl8sf] efu lkl7pF d]?b08 . 9f8; gf) [;+) bf9{, lx) 9f9;] != s;}nfO{ b'M
bf{ jf To; JolQmsf] ;fx; a9fpgfsf lglDt lbOg] w}o,{ ;fGTjgf jf cfZjf;g . @= sg} s
fdsfdf cnfO{ lbOg] cf8ef];f cf>o . 9fl8g' c) lqm) [k|f) 99lc < ;+) wf8g g'] != sfut,
:tf j:t' laf}Fnf jf bfgf ePsf vfB kbfy{ cflb
542

kfgL jf cf];df k] k'mNg' leHg' . @= vfglkg jf jfo'sf ljsfn] k]6 k'mNg' 9'l:;g' . #= u
nlu2 x'g] uL vfg' To;L vfFbf ckr eO{ k]6 ps;d's; x'g' . $= kfgL knf{h:tf] eP klg gkg
{ . %= ue{ lng' k]6 af]Sg' . 9f8L lj) [9f8 O{] != 7"nf] (h'd|f], lsg'{ cflb) . @= 7"
nf] 9f8 ePsf] 98\8" df]6f] x[i6k'i6 . #= ;DkGg wgL 7fn' . 9f8] lj) [9f8 P] != 7"nf] 9
ePsf] 98\8" df]6f] . gf) @= efn] lafnf] 7"nf] lafnf] . 9fk\g' c) lqm) [ 9fk\ g] w]
ng cf]u6\g rfKg 9fSg . 9fk gf) [ wfk] kfgL g;Sg] vfnsf] hldg ynyn] l;d wfk . 9f
 s) lqm) [9fk\ O g] 9flsg cf]ul6g . 9fdf gf) [;+)] xfF;sf] kf]yL kf]yL xfF; . 9fn\
lqm) [9n\ g] != 7l8Psf] sg} j:tnfO{ n8fpg, 9nfpg jf kN6fpg . @= o4, k|lt:kwf
{ cflbdf zq jf ljkIfLnfO{ kf:t ug{ xfpg . #= s;}sf] dgf]efjgfnfO{ sg} lglZrt l;4f
Gt jf ljrfdf kl0ft ug{ . $= wft, l;d]G6 cflb kufn] jf 3f]n ] ;fFrf]df xfnL ljleGg
lsl;dsf j:t agfpg . 9fn gf) [;+)] != o4df xltofxsf] rf]6 f]Sgfsf nflu 5ftLdf lelg]
u}F8fsf] 5fnf jf kmnfdsf] yfnsf cfsfsf] ;fx|f], alnof] Ps pks0f . @= kljflgof]hgsf
lglDt k?if]lGb|odf vf]nsf kdf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] c:yfoL ;fwgsf] gfd sG8d . aGb
f) cfgL ljjflxtf :jf:gLnfO{ cn] s0fL u]sf] yfxf kfP klg hf xfGg jf p;sf] gfs sf6\g g;
g] dflg; . 9flng s) lqm) [9fn\ O g] 9fNg nfOg n8fOg . 9fnL gf) [;+)] 5ftLdf 9fn wf0
ug]{ ;}lgs 9fn leg]{ of]4f . 9fn" lj) [9n] kfgL aUg] lsl;dsf] yf]} lefnf] jf cf]fnf]
9njf (hUuf, lgsf; cflb) . 9fn] s6; gf) s]xL 7"nf] v}f] \u xg] Ps hftsf] s6; 9fNg
s6; . 9fNkf gf) [9fn kfn]] kfgLsf] 9n, lgsf; cflbsf] vjfnL ug]{ sd{rfL . l98 gf) [;+
w[i6] != Psf]xf]f] lh2L x7 . lj) @= lh2Ljfn x7L . l98L gf) gefFlrPsf] vf];f{gLsf] sf
];f] l;
\uf] vf];f{gL . l98 ] lj) [l9F8f]P] != l9F8f] vfP hLljsf rnfpg] . @= c;Eo uFj
{ . #= df]6f] nfdf] . vf];f{gL gf) df]6f] nfdf] vfnsf] vf];f{gL . l98f] gf) [;+) l
08] kfgL pdfn] ds}, sf]bf] cflbsf]

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
543

l99fxf9's9's l9d|L gf) dfemdf Kjfnleq k]r ePsf], 8G8Ldf s:g] rf jf 5kf6] kmnfdsf] l
b
sf . ~ s:g' 6') sfddf hf]t], dsf{ kf] jf k};fdf a];L s;] b'Mv lbg' . l9nfO gf) [ l9
fp (cfO)] l9nfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof laofFnf]kg . ;':tL gf) sfdsfh l56f]5ltf] gug
{ afgL nf];] rfn . [ > ] l9nfOg c) lqm) sfdsfhdf l9nf] xf]Og . l9nfpg c) lqm) !=
sfdsfh ubf{ l9nf] jf laofFnf] xg . @= sfddf l56f]5ltf] geO{ ;:t xg hD;f] xg
 . l9nf ;:tL gf) ugk { g]{ sfdsfh ;dodf geO{ l9nf] xg] rfn l9nf ;:tL . l9nf] l
j) [k|f) l9Nn] != laofFnf] ug]{ :jefjsf], ;fx|} la:tf} sfd ug]{ hD;f] . lqm) lj)
@= ca] laofFnf] ;:tL . l9NofO gf) [ l9Nofp (cfOF)] sfdsfh ubf{ l9nf] x'g] rfn l9nf
. [ > ] l9NofO gf) l9Nofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . l9NofOg' s) lqm) sfddf l9nf] u
lg' . l9Nofpg' ;) lqm) [l9nf]ofpg'] sfdsfh ubf{ nfUg] ;doeGbf ljnDa jf l9nf] ug'{ l9n
f] kfg'{ . l9:sg'l9:sgf] gf) [l9:sf]g'gf]] ;fgf] l9:sf] . l9:sf l9:sL gf) [l9:sf]l9:s
]] ;fgf7"nf w]} l9:sfsf] ;d"x . l9:sfgf l9:sgL gf) [l9:sgfl9:sgf] ;fgf7"nf w]} l9:sg
fsf] ;d"x . l9:sfg'l9:sfgf] ;j{) ls6] gb]vfOg] sg} JolQmsf ;fdf cfpg] zAb kmnfgf] l9
f] cd's . :qL) l9:sfgL . l9:s'f] gf) [l9:sf]pf]] ;;fgf] vfnsf] l9:sf] . l9:sf] gf) [
s] df6f], 9'
\uf] cflbsf] cUnf] f; jf y'k|f] hldgsf] ;fgf] y'Dsf] . l9:;f gf) != 7]nf
O, bafO . @= bnfnL u] sg} j:t' k|rlnt efpeGbf ;:tf]df lng] sfd . 9'8\g ;) lqm) [;+)
08g g] wOFwOFtLl;t vf]hL ug{ v"a;Fu vf]Hg . > 98fO gf) 9'F8\g] efj, lqmof jf k
|lqmof . 9'8fOg' s) lqm) 9'F8\g nfOg' . 9'8fpg' k|]) lqm) 9'F8\g nfpg' vf]hL ufpg' .
'l8g' s) lqm) vf]hL ulg' . 9'8 L gf) bxL, dxL cflb j:t' ;8\bf gLnf] jf xlof] b]lvg]
jsfo'Qm em'; 9';L . sLf] gf) 9';Ldf kg]{ sLf] 9';LsLf] . 9's\g ;) lqm) [k|f) 9
s;}af6 s]xL kfpg] cfzfdf s] a:g wgf{ s:g . @= sf]xL cfpg] af6f] x]g{ cj; kv]{ a:g
9s9s lqm) lj) [c) d") 9s \ c (l))] != 8, cfj]u cflbn] d6 xNng] uL . @= s;}nfO{
xftn] la:tf} s6\bf zAb cfpg] rfnn] . #= sg} j:tdf 7f]lsFbf 9fs9s zAb

kL7f] xfnL kGo"Fn] a];L rnfP ksfOPsf] vfg]sf] . l98fxf lj) [l9F8\ofxf] Psf]xf]f] l
cfg} lh2Ldf nfluxg] em'H F ofxf . l9s! lj) [;+) l9Ss] != hLp8fn 7"nf] df]6f]3f6f] eP
tfklg a]sDdfsf] sfdsfh gug]{ . gf) @= l9:sf] y'Dsf] . l9s@ gf) [;+) 9Ssg] k;ndf t]
;f]{ kf] l5fO{ nufOg] 9f]sf jf sf]6fn ofn jf 9f]sfdf hl8Psf] 7"nf] skf6, f 7"nf] 7]
l9sL gf) Kjfn kf]sf b'O6f vfFaf uf8L To;sf aLrdf cfUnf] xfnL c8fP t]:of{OPsf] 5 lkm6
hlt nfdf] cufl8 (6fpsf) kl Ps lkm6hlt j d':nL hf]l8Psf] tyf k5fl8 (k'R5) kl Ps lkm6h
lt 5f]l8Psf] efudf pleP v'fn] lyr] prfNb}5f]8\b} uL wfg, lrpf cflb cGg s6g \ ] sf7sf
fkf6] oGqljz]if . RofpF gf) nfdf dl;gf af\ufl6\uf cf7j6f vf xg] dfsfsf] 9fFrfsf]
] sLf] . lj) #= nofaof rfnn] sfd ug]{ nf];] (dflg;) . $= n]RofP lxF8g \ ] (dflg;) v
. l9sL! gf) [9sL] != wfg fVg] esfL . @= 9s6L . l9sL@ gf) [l9sf] O{] l9sf]
. (pbf) larL al9ofsf] l9sL p7fpg] klg sf]xL ePgg\) . l9sf] gf) [l9s pf]] != k|t ]
fsf lglDt b; lbg;Dd lk08 lbOg] j]bL cGTo]li6:yn . @= df6fsf] l9:sf] l9:sf] . #= ysfn
Lsf] Ps lsl;dsf] Joffkfls k|yf . l9sjf gf) [l9s pjf] sf]ndf xg], laofsf 6Kkfaf6 sfq
Ldf hf]l8g] sf7 . l9s] lj) [l9sf] P] l9sf] ePsf] l9sf] xg] . g'g gf) l9sfl9sf k]sf]
s hftsf] g'g . kj{t gf) jlkl vfN6fv'N6L eO{ l9sfl9sfh:tf] k]sf] b]lvg] kxf8 . l9s]L
) [l9sL PL] != l9sL xg] ;fgf] s6]f] l9sLs6]f] . @= wfg s6g \ ] 7fpF l9s8L . l9sf] g
l9Ss] w"nf] gePsf] jf gkmf]lPsf] 8Nnf] 7"nf] 8Nnf] 9f]n . l9u' gf) [y)] a;]{lg ;b:ox
] tf]lsPsf] sd a'emfpg] vvfFrf] ePsf] a]nf To;af6 cfgf] sfd rnfpg], ysfnL hfltdf k|
rlnt Ps lsl;dsf] ;femf ;+:yf jf ;\u7g . l9 gf) [;+) Wjfg] eugfl;sf of]lgu'l6sf l6;L .
l97f] gf) [;+) w[i6] af]Ngdf l;kfn' jf ws, nfh, ;\sf]r cflb gdfGg] k'Svnf] . l9kL g
f) [;+) w[i6] x'g] jf gx'g] sg} sfdf afDaf ulg] hf]8l;tsf] cfu|x Psf]xf]ofOF x7 l
lj) l9kL ug]{ x7L lh2Ljfn . l9a|L gf) [ l9d|L] d6Lt]nsf] aQL afNg] wft jf df6fsf] ;
fgf] efF8f] skL .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

9sgf9gdg lg:s] . > 9s9sfO gf) 9s9sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 9s9sfOg c) lqm)
9s9sfpg] xf]Og . 9s9sfpg c) lqm) 8, cfj]u cflbn] d6 9s9s ug{ 8fpg . 9s9
sL gf) d6s  f] ult jf w8\sg wswsL . 9s9SofO gf) 9s9Sofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. 9s9SofOg gf) 9s9Sofpg nfOg l8DSofOg . 9s9Sofpg ;) lqm) 9s9s cfjfh lg
:sg] uL d8\sLn] xfGg l8DSofpg . \ cgf] caf6 s]xL kfpg] cf;n] 9Sg] sfd 9sgf gf) [
9s 9s; ] f] wgf{ k|tLIff . 9sGt] lj) [9s \ cGt]] csf] cf; u] 9lsxg] 9sjf .
[g]jf) wslt] != ;lIft kdf ?lkofFk; } f, ;grfFbL cflb gub j:t fVg] jf yGSofpg] sf
]7f] eF8f txlan . @= s7jf jf l6g cflb 7f]s] agfOPsf] cgfh flvg] v08 jf sf]7f] wg;f
f6 gf) dfly ;Tg] tn dfndQf fVg 9s6L xg] uL agfOPsf] vf6 . 9sds gf) [c) d") 9
\ p (l))] Ps hgf a:g] cn] lgxlP p;sf] lk7"Fdf d8\sLn] la:tf} lxsf{P v]lng] afnv]
s  gf) [c) d")] 9ss u] sn{g] k]jfeGbf ;]v ;fgf] Ps hftsf] rf] . 9s  ]
ssf 9fFrfsf] . 5ftL gf) lgs} kf]l6nf] eO{ p7]sf] sf]7frflxF gk'ms]sf] 5ftL . 9'sj '
f lj) [9's \ pjf] 9'Sg] :jefjsf] 9'Sg] 9'sGt] . 9's];f] gf) [9's\ P;f]] csf{af6 s]xL k
pg] cf; u] 9'Sg] sfd 9'sgf . 9'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") 9's \ s] != d'8s \ Ln] xfGbf hf]8l
;t zAb cfpg] uL @= 8qf; cflbn] PSsfl; d'6' w8\s] . #= sg} sfdsfdf lgw{Ss x'b F } . $=
jfo' a9] 8sf cfpg] uL (afnaf]nLdf) > 9'SSofO gf) 9'SSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 9'SSof
Og' =s) lqm) 9'SSofpg] sfd ulg' d'SSofOg' . 9'SSofpg' ;) lqm) 9'Ss cfjfh cfpg] uL d'8
s \ Ln] xfGg' d'SSofpg' 9's9'sfpg' . 9'u \ f gf) [ 9u \ f]] != ;Ldf jf l;dfgfdf ul8P
f] lrg . @= kTy lznf kfiff0f 9u \ f] . sf] vnn gf) l;dfgfdf x]sf] nf jf lgwf{l
f, lrg cflb;DaGwL uf]ndfn ;fFwsf] ljjfb jf emu8f . ~ vfgL gf) 3, af6f] cflbsf] lgd
f{0fsf lglDt 9\ufx lemSg] vfgL . ~ kmf] gf) nfdf] rRrf], ;]tf] 3fF6L, sfnf kv]6f n
fdfnfdf vf xg,] gbLsf] 5]p5fpdf a:g], Ps hftsf] rf] Ps hftsf] ;f; e8 F Lkmf] . 9
of gf) [9\uf] Oof] ;fgf] 9\uf] . (pbf) 9l\ uof cfof] 5ftLdf lyRof] . nf]suLt) . 9
nf] lj) [9\uf] Onf]] a9L 9\uf ePsf] df6f]df 9\uf
544

ldl;Psf] . 9u \ ] lj) [9u \ f] P] 9\ufn] ag]sf] 9\uf]h:tf] 9\ufsf] . ~ Rofp

f pd|g], sfnf] nfdf] 8fF7 xg], km;|f] vfnsf], eOd F{ f ;]tf 6Lsf xg,] 6;fh:
tf] Ps hftsf] Rofp . ~ wff] gf) 88 F sf 9fFrfn] 9u \ f sf6] tyf vf]k ] agfOPsf], d"
nsf] kfgL aufpg] jf v;fNg] wff] . > 9\u]g9\Uofg lj) w]} 9u \ f cyjf 9u \ 9 }
ePsf] (hldg) . ~ k m n gf) ;;fgf cfsfsf] xg] unfkmL df kmNg] Ps lsl;dsf] k"mn .
~ df6f] gf) 9u \ f ePsf] jf 9u \ f ldl;Psf], pAhfp sd xg] df6f] . 9u \ f] gf) [;
+) Wjfg] != 3, af6f], d"lt{ cflbsf] lgdf{0fsfo{df pkof]u xg,] k|foM 3g cflb kmnf
d] j:t jf :kmf]6s kbfy{n] dfq kmf]g{ l5gf cflbn] dfq vf]Kg ;lsg] ;fxf] vFlbnf] j
:t kTy lznf kfiff0f . @= b]zsf] l;dfgf 5fpgsf nflu ufl8g] jf agfOg] 9\uf cflbsf]
 nf]Flsn . #= fHo (lbJo)) . 9u \ L | gf) [9\u|f] O{] != sfgsf dfemdf leqkl nufOg]
fpbf jf a] uxgfljz]if . @= ;fgf] 9\u|f] . #= cfuf] kmSg k|of]u ulg] 9u \ f| ] nf]
f]L . ~ Kjfv gf) rfr'?
\uLsf ar]fxsf] gofF pd|]sf] KjfFv . 9'
\u|f] gf) leqkl vf]qm
afF;, kftf, sf7 cflbsf] gnLh:tf] j:t' . > 9'
U \ o|fO gf) 9'
U \ o|fpg] lqmof jf k|lq
mof . 9'
\Uo|fOg' s) lqm) 9'
\Uo|fpg] sfd ulg' . 9'
U \ o|fpg' ;) lqm) != 9'
\u|f]h:tf]
' . @= k'mOFkmfOF u] klg sfd ug{ g;Sg' g]7g \ '. 9'6fg gf)x]) 9'6g ] . 9'6L gf) [9'6f
{] 9'6f]sf] n3' k . ~ df6L gf) ePesf] (9'6f] df6f]ko{Gtsf] clek|fodf) wgdfnsf] gfz
jf aafbL ;j{:j l;Lv'L . 9'6g ] gf) [9'6f]Pg] w]} 9'6f] ePsf] l:ylt 9'6fg . 9'6f]
s]nfpFbf 5flgPsf] dl;g' e';sf] w"nf] ldlxg e'; . 9'8
' gf) klZrd g]kfnsf] bfr'n {
f lhNnflt k|rlnt, d[tssf gfpFdf w"dwfd;Fu ulg] Ps k|sfsf] >f4 . 9'08g gf) [;+)] vf]H
g] sfd vf]hL cGj]if0f . 9'l08fh gf) lzjk'q u0f]z . 9'gd'g lqm) lj) [c) d") 9'gc (l)
efpGg eP n8\g vf]Hg] uL lFu6fn] 3'dfP jf x'lQP . @= gzf cflbn] wof
w'?
uL . #= ;f
bdf cl:ytf cfP . gf) $= 3'dfpg], lFufpg], nalg] jf nsklsg] rfn . > 9'gd'gfO gf) 9'gd'
fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > 9'gd'gfOg' c) lqm) 9'gd'gfpg] xf]Og' . 9'gd'gfpg' c) lqm
) x]) 9'gd'lgg' . 9'gd'lgg' c) lqm) lFu6f nfu] jf a]xf];

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
545

9'g'd'g'9f]sf] 9]k gf) b; tfp g]kfnL sfutsf] 7]nL jf vft . 9]kf9]k gf) [9]k\cf9]k] \
k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ 9]Kg] sfd k]nfk]n . 9]lkg' c) lqm) [9]k\Og'] != 6fFl;P a:g' 9]l
lhs} cfpg' . s) lqm) @= l3lrg' ldlrg' . 9]a ' gf) uFu6fsf] RofKg] xft jf g
\u|f . 9] g
f) [ w]] s'g} j:t'sf] f; y'k|f] rf
vft . > 9]L gf) f; y'k|f] 9] . 9]nf] gf) d
] 8Nnf] rfs' cflbsf] r]K6f] rfSnf] rSsf rf]Onf] rkf] . 9]jf gf) [g]jf)] ?lkofFk};f
]jf d? s;f] u?F (pvfg) . 9];f] lj) != e2f vfnsf] 5Gb g aGbsf] 9Aa" . @=afSnf] uf9f .
9];  gf) kmfksf kL7fsf] afSnf] f]6L 9f];] f]6L . 9]:;f gf) [9f;] != 9]l:;g] jf 3r]6
:g] sfd . @= OR5f geO{ jf dg gkLsg klg cfOnfUg] sg} j:t, dflg; cflbsf] lxNnf jf
6fF;f] . > 9]l:;g c) lqm) 9]:;f nfUg 6fFl;P a:g 9]lkg . 9]::ofO gf) 9]l:;g] sfd
jf lsl;d . 9]::ofOg s) lqm) 9]:;f nufOg . 9]:;fOpg k|) ] lqm) 9]:;f nufpg . 9]
::ofx6 gf) 9]l:;g] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . 9}rf gf) [ef]) a)] tfO{lt pAhg] Ps k|sfsf] w
fgsf] gfpF . 9f]Fu gf) [ 9\u] b]vfj6L sfd jf sf] cf8Da :jf . > 9f]FuL lj) 9f]Fu u
aL . 9f]F8L gf) gfO6fsf] u9]sf] efu gfO6f] . 9f]F8] gf) nfdf] df]6f] Ps lsl;dsf] ;k{
. 9f]; F ] f] gf) [9f]8gf;f]] ufO{e}; F Lsf kl5Nnf uf]8fdf 38 F feGbf dfl:t b]lvg
] df]6f] g;f] . 9f]Og s) lqm) [9f]p O g] 9f]pg] sfd ulg . 9f]O{ gf) != kf]yL xfQL xl
tgL . @= df]6L :qL -lgGbf jf x]ofy{df_ . 9f]pg ;) lqm) [k|f) 9f]Oc] dfn;fdfgx? Ps
7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf kofpg cf];fg{ 9jfpg . 9f]s gf) x]) 9f]u . 9f]sf gf) [9f]sf
]sf] lt) )] b}nf] x]) 9f]sf] . 9f]s ] gf) [9f]sf] P] != 9f]sfdf kfnf]kxf a:g] JolQm
lj) @= 9f]sfsf] 9f]sfh:tf] jf 9f]sf;DaGwL . rs6L gf) 6]s]sf] kmf]xd}nf k'5\gsf nfl
u 9f]sfdf flvg] ;fgf] rfkf6] rs6L . dfGb|f] gf) != 9f]sfdf kbf{h;L e'mG8fOg] Ps k|sf
] dfGb|f] . @= 9f]s] rs6L . 9f]sf] gf) [k|f) 9\s \ 0f] != 3sf] leqaflx ug]{ jf sf]7fl
eq k|j]z ug]{ f b}nf] . @= dxn jf bafsf] f . #= ljlzi6 JolQmxsf] :jfutsf lglDt jf s
T;j;dff]xdf

eP k5flg vf]Hg' wofdof x'g' wdfpg' . 9'gd'GofO gf) 9'gd'lgg] sfd jf lsl;d . 9'gd
qm) 9'gd'lgg] kflg' a]xf]; t'NofOg' wdofOg' . 9'gd'Gofpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != 9'gd'
] ufpg' 9'gd'g kfg'{ . @= lk6] cyjf nfu" kbfy{ v'jfP wd kfg'{ a]xf]; t'Nofpg' d"R5f
'{ . 9'gd'Gofx6 gf) 9'gd'lgg] tyf 9'gd'Gofpg] cj:yf jf lsl;d . 9'g'd'g' lqm) lj) [
9'gd'g] != s]6fs]6L dfP jlkl 3'Db} v]Ng] rfn . @= lFu6f jf a]xf];Ln] 9'gd'lgg] uL 9'
g . 9' { lqm) lj) [c) d") 9'\ ] ckfgjfo' 5f]8\bf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] 9{ . 9'nd'n lq
) [9ndn] != sg} dfn;fdfg otfplt 5lg] jf kf]lvg] uL . @= xNn] jf 5rlNsg vf]h] . 9'jfO
f) [ 9jfp ( cfO)] 9jfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 9jfOg s) lqm) 9jfpg] sfd ulg c
f];flg . 9jfpg ;) lqm) [k|f) 9fOc g] dfn;fdfgx af]sfP jf ;jfLdf rnfP Ps 7fpFaf6 c
{ 7fpFdf kofpg cf];fg{ . 9jfgL gf) [9jfp cfgL] != dfn;fdfgx Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF
df cf];fg]{ sfd 9jfpg] sfd . @= 9jfpFbf nfUg] Hofnf wnbfd . ~ vr{ gf) 9jfgLsf l
glDt xg] Joo kljxgvr{ . 9;dG6f] gf) [9;d  ; 
 dG6f]] lgb|f jf p nfu] lgxlP
dG6f] (pbf) cf7} gahL 9;dG6f] nufpg]n] s;L k9\nfg\ ) 9;L gf) lr;f] jf cf]; nfUg
] 7fpFdf sg} j:t ;8] pd|g] ;]tf] ejf jf em; 9F8L . lsf] gf) 9;L k]sf 7fpFdf pA
, ?u?u lxF8\g] ;]tf] sLf]ljz]if . 9:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 9; \ ;] != lr;f] xfjf kmf]
x vfg]s fn] k]6 cflb kmNg] jf ;lgg] eP . @= d8s \ Ln] xfGbf zAb cfpg] uL 3:; . 9
:;f gf) [9:; cf] dSsfsf] xgfO d8s \ L 3:;f . 9l:;g c) lqm) [9:; O g] != 9:; k
kmNg k]6 9fl8g . @= ue{wf0f ug{ k]6 af]Sg . > 9::ofO gf) 9l:;g] lqmof jf k|lq
mof . 9::ofOg s) lqm) 9:;f lbOg kmnfOlbg k]6 af]lsg . 9::ofpg ;) lqm) != 9
:;f lbg kmnfpg dSSofpg . @= k]6 af]sfpg 9l:;g . k|) ] lqm) #= ue{wf0f ufpg
]6 af]sfpg . 9]p;L gf) wf]lagL rf]sf cfsfsf] v}f] xg,] Ps hftsf] rf] .  xft, uf]
dv kR5 sfnf] xg] 7"nf] 9]8  gf) [98\8] hftsf] jfg n\u" . > 9]8j  f gf) 9]8
\ g ;) lqm) != hUufhldgsf] ;fFw l;dfgf ldRg . @= 9:;f nfUg] uL 7]Ng 3r]6g \  .
> 9]kfO gf) 9]Kg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . 9]kfOg s) lqm) 9]Kg nfOg ldrfOg . 9]kfpg k|
) ] lqm) 9]Kg jf ldRg nfpg .

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65

9f]S;]9fd9fd ;;lHht kf] agfOg] tf]0ff . $= ;xdf k:g] lg:sg] 7fpFdf agfOPsf] f
gf) cgfh xfNg] sfddf pkof]u xg], rf]ofn] ag]sf] ofDkfsf cfsfsf] 7"nf] efF8f] . 9
f]u \ g ;) lqm) [;+) 9f}sg] != lzn] b]jtf jf k"Ho hgsf kfpdf 5g b08jt\ ug{ . @=
k|0ffd ug{ gd:sf ug{ . 9f]u gf) [ 9f]u\ c] != 9f]Ug] sfd b08jt\ . @= k|0ffd gd:sf
9f]ue]6 ubf{ b]jtf jf k"Ho hgnfO{ r9fOg] e]6L jf pkxf . ~ e]6 gf) k:kdf 9f]Ug] e]6g
\ ] sfd . \ cfO)] 9f]Ug] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] 9f]ufO gf) [ 9f]u( 9f]ufOg s) lqm
) 9f]Ug nufOg . 9f]ufpgL gf) 9f]Ubf lbOg] k:sf jf pkxf . 9f]ufpg k|]) lqm) 9f]Ug n
fpg k|0ffd ufpg . 9f]uf9f]u gf) k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ 9f]Ug] sfd k:ksf] 9f]ufO . 9f
9f]u F ] 9f]Fu cf8Da :jf . > 9f]L lj) 9f] ug]{ 9f]FuL . 9f]8 gf) [;+) b08] ds}, h
flbsf] af]6 . ~ g;f] gf) ss{Rrfb]lv dfly b]lvg] df]6f] g;f] . ~ gfs] lj) 7"nf] nf
df] gfs ePsf] 3f]gfs] . 9f]8 ] lj) [9f]8 P] 9f]8sf] 9f]8h:tf] . pv' gf) cfFVnf df]6f
sDtL 9f]8 ;fxf] x'g] Ps hftsf] pv' . plgpFpGo' gf) 7"nf7"nf 8fF7 x'g] 8fF7sf] sn
lg aGg] Ps hftsf] plgpF . aG;f] gf) 7"n7"nf nfdf 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] aG;f] 3f]8]b"
af] . 9f]of] gf) != cfk"mn] dflgg] dflg;nfO{ yf]} sf];]nL lbP p;af6 7"nf] s'fsf] cfz
f fvL lnOg] rLh . @= aGws . 9f] gf) ufO{, uf]?, e}F;L cflb a:t'efp . ~ affxL gf) tgx'
F lhNnfsf] v}g ] L6fsf] klZrdkl ;]tL gbLsf lsgfdf l:yt affxL b]jLsf] dlGb . 9f]n\g'
qm) [;+) 9f}n\ g'] kfgL, cGg cflb y'k}| kf]Vg' vofpg' . 9f]n gf) [;+)] sf7sf] 9'\u|fdf
b'j}lt 5fnfn] df]xlPsf] d[b\usf 5fF6sf] 7"nf] tfnafhf . 9f]ns gf) [;+)] kxf8lt ehgdf
tfO{lt nf]sg[To, uLt cflbdf ljz]if kn] ahfOg] 9f]nvnssf] demf}nf vfnsf] tfnafhf .
> 9f]nsL gf) bfofFkl uhfn] afofFkl xftn] wfk lbP ahfOg] kGr}afhf tyf gf}dtL afhfdf k
|oQ ' m x'g] tfnafhf ;fgf] 9f]ns . 9f]nfO gf) [ 9f]n( cfO)] 9f]Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . [ > ] 9f]nfOg s) lqm) 9f]Ng nfOg kf]vfOg . 9f]nfpg k|) ] lqm) 9f]Ng nfpg
kf]vfpg . 9f]lng c) lqm) 9f]Ng] sfd xf]Og kf]lvg vlQg . 9f]nL! [9f]n O{] 9f]n leg
]{ ahfpg] dflg; bdfO{F .
546

9f]nL@ gf) [k|f) 9f]Nn] bO{ ;oj6f kfgsf kft afFlwPsf] d7f] . 9f]n ] lj) [9f]n P] !
= 9f]nh:tf] 7"nf] . gf) @= 9f]n ahfpg] JolQm 9f]nL . #= zL ;a} sfnf] xg] Ps hftsf]
h\unL sf}jf 8dsfu . s'Dnf] gf) 9f]nh:tf] df]6f]rfSnf] s'Dnf] 7"nf] s'Dnf] . 9f]; ]
) [9f];f] P] df]6f] rfSnf] 9f];f] . f]6f] gf) 7"nf] rfSnf]afSnf] f]6L . 9f];f]
]6f] tyf rfSnf]afSnf] 9fa|f] 9f];] . gf) @= df; cflbsf] afSnf] f]6L . 9f}F6flg' c) l
[9f}F6ff] O g'] sfd g sfh otfplt 8'Ng' ef}Ftflg' nv{lg' . 9f}F6ff] gf) [k|f) 9f]u
sfhl;tsf] 8'nfO To;} ef}Ftflg] sfd . 9fs gf) b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L k};fsf] d"Nosf] vf
; uL tfdfsf] l;Ssf (h:tf] b'Ok { ; } ,] rfk};,] kfFrk};] b;k};] 9fs) . 9fs] lj) [9
= Ps 9fs d"Nosf] jf Ps 9fs df]n kg]{ . @= 9Aa" 7"nf] . Aofh gf) dlxgfsf] ;os8f b'O{
cyf{t\ jif{sf] ;os8f rf}aL;sf bn] lng]lbg] Aofh . 9ofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 9ofs\ s] 7"
nf], ux'Fuf] j:t' v:tf jf 7Ss vfFbfem}F cfjfh lg:s] . 9f9f lqm) lj) [c) d") 9f -l
l6g, 9f\u|f] cflbdf 7f]Stf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . 9'9' lqm) lj) To;L g} nuftf cfjf
g] rfndf . > 9f9ftL lqm) lj) cem zL3|tf;fy To:tf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . 9f\u9f\ lqm
!= 7"nf], ux'Fuf] j:t' ahflFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= dflg; jf j:t' hf]8l;t k5flFbf cfj
fh lg:s]em}F . #= tf]k, aGb's cflb k8\sFbfsf] zAbsf rfndf . 9fKk lqm) lj) [c) d")
9fk\ k] != ofn9f]sfx k"f nfUg] uL aGb eP . @= efF8fs'F8f cflbdf lasf]{, 9sgf cflb 6D
pg] uL . #= 6fFl;g] uL 9]lkP . $= s'g} j:t'nfO{ 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] u] jfKk . 9fa|f ]
) g;'xfpFbf] jf e2f lsl;dsf] 7"nf] a]5fF6sf] a8]dfsf] 9Aa" 9fd|f] . 9fd9'd lqm) lj)
d") 9fd\ c-l)_] != ofn 9f]sfx Psbd y'Gg] uL . @= aGb's, tf]k cflb k8\sfpFbf cfjfh cf
lsl;dn] . > 9fd9' D d lqm) lj) ofn9f]sfx k"f aGbfaGbL u] 9fd9'd . 9fd9fd lqm)
] != ofn9f]sfx nufnu nfUg] uL . @= aGb's, tf]k cflb qmd}n] k8\sFbf

c:\1saroj\sabdkosh\Da.p65
547

9fDd0f s'g} b'O{ j:t' 7Ss nfUbf cfjfh cfPem}F . 9\jf gf) [;+) Wjfg] != t]n, d6Lt]n c
lb xflng] Ps lsl;dsf] l6g . @= kfgL xfNg] 7"nf] efF8f] . #= lr7L, dtkq cflb v;fl
ng] efF8f] . $= wt'fsf] k"mnh:tf] t 7"nf] b]lvg] Wjlglj:tfs oGq . lj) %= ;fx|} 7"nf
] 98\8" . 9\jf9\jf lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jf\ c-l)_] s'g} ;fxf] j:t'df nuftf lxsf{pb F
f tyf tfnafhfx ahfpFbf v'f ahf] lxF8\bf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;d;Fu . 9'9' lqm) lj) sf7
l6g cflbdf afa 7f]Stfsf] cfjfh cfP;l . > 9\jf9\jftL9\jf9\jfL lqm) lj) cem zL3|tfk
jf9\jf x'g] uL . 9\jf kfyL [9\jf kfyL] 9nf}6sf kfyLsf gfkf]df ldNg] uL l6g cflbdf sf
OPsf], ;sfL 5fk jf d'b|f c\lst gx'g], k|foM ufpF3df k|rlnt ;fwf0f lsl;dsf] kfyL . 9\j
f k"mn gf) [9\jf k"mn] tafsf 9fFrfsf kft x'g], ljleGg sf wt'fsf h:tf k"mn k'mNg],
sf] ;'uGwfh . 9\jf\u9\jf\ lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jf u] tLvf] dl;g' rfnn] s'g} j:t' v
|]sf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . 9\jfDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jfd\ d] tLvf] dl;g' kdf 9\ofDd cfjfh
x'g] uL . 9\jf9\jf lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jf\ c -l)_] ckfgjfo' 5f]8b \ f nuftf 7"nf] zA
g] lsl;d;Fu . > 9\jf9\jftL 9\jf9\jfL lqm) lj) cem l56f] 9\jf9\jf eP . 9\jf{ lqm)
) 9\jf\ ] cln a] 7"nf] zAb lg:sg] uL ckfgjfo' 5'6 ] To:tf] cfjfh lg:sg] rfn;Fu . 9\j
lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jf;\ ;] s]xL 9]l:;g] jf 9]lkP a:g] lsl;dn] .

cfjfh lg:s] 9f9f . #= Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ k5flg] jf ahflg] rfndf . $= 8fd8fd . > 9f
qm) lj) cem l56f] 9fd9fd x'g] jf ug]{ uL . 9fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") 9fd\ d] != ofnf9f]s
Ps nfUg] eP 9fKk . @= lk7"Fdf d'8\sLn] xfGbfsf] zAb cfpg] uL . #= tf]k, aGb's cflb k8
\sfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] 9f\ . $= k5flg] jf ahflg] rfn;Fu 8fDd . 9f;9f; lqm)
] qmdzM 9]l:;g] jf 9]lkP a:g] lsl;dn] . > 9f;9f;tL lqm) lj) cem zL3|tfk"j{s To:tf] x
'g] jf ulg] eP . 9f:; lqm) lj) [c) d") 9f;\ ;] 9]l:;g] jf 9]lkP a:g] uL YofRr . 9\j
Hofb} 7"nf] 8F8fs 9Aa" -9\jfFs 5f]f], 9\jfFs sfFqmf] O)_ . > 9\jfFs ] lj) 9\jfFs . 9
\jfOF9j \ fOF lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jfOF-l)_] Psgf;n] ckfgjfo' 5'6\bf jf 8sf cfpFbf zA
b lg:sg] uL . 9\jfF;] lj) [ 9\jfFs] ] 8F8fs 9\jfFs . 9\jfOF9j \ fOF lqm) lj) [c) d")
9\jfOF -l)_] Psgf;n] ckfgjfo 56\bf jf 8sf cfpFbf zAb lg:sg] uL . 9\jfOFo lqm) lj)
[c) d") 9\jfOF -l)_] ckfgjfo 56t \ f cln w]} a] cfjfh cfpg] u] . 9\jfs9\jfs lqm) lj
[9\jfs\ c-l)_] sg} uxf}F j:t nufnu v:tf, 9f]sf cflbdf lxsf{pb F f bO{ yL j:t 7Ss
nfluxFbf cfjfh cfpg] rfn;Fu . > 9\jfs9\jfsL lqm) lj) cem} l56f] To:tf] xg] uL . 9\
jfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") 9\jfs\ s] != uxf}F j:t la;fpFbf jf v:tf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;d;Fu
. @= 9f]sf cflbdf lxsf{pb Ff
0f
0f != b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] kGw|fF} Jo~hgj0f{
kDkfut kdf d" w { G o, :kzL{ , ;3f] i f, cNkk| f 0f tyf cggfl;s dflgPsf] t g]kfnL p
Rrf0fcg;f c8F 7xlg] Jo~hgWjlg 6ju{sf] clGtd tyf kfFrf}F j0f{ jf cIf n]Vo kdf ;f]
cIfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg tLgws]{ ff -g]kfnL n]vgdf_ . @= g]kfnLdf lje]bstf
jf Jolt]s gePsf] gfl;So Jo~hg -g]kfnL pRrf0fdf_ .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
ttu0f
548

t
t!b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] ;f]xf}F Jo~hg bGTo
:kzL{, c3f]if, cNkk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg tju{sf] klxnf] j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{ jf
cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg sf]bfnLkft] t . t@lgkf) sg} zAb jf jfSonfO{ hf]
8 lbFbf tyf csf sfdf ;xL yfKbf k|of]u xg] zAb . (pbf)tkfO{n F ] sf6]sf] nv t 7fDd}
ldNof] . sfd u] t a];} xGYof] . d}n] klg t To;} eg]sf] lyPF .) t F ;j{) [;+) Tjd
\] ltLo k?if Psjrgdf k|of]u xg,] ltdLeGbf ;fgf]nfO{ aemfpg] jf lgDg cfbfyL{ zJb
(pbf)P fd tF sxfF uPsf] lyO;\ < tFh:tf oxfF slt cfP slt ) . 5f8 ls d5f85f8 d5f8
k:kdf k|lt:kwf{kj " s { nfUg] jf pl5gkfl5g ug]{ sfd sg} sfd ubf{ EofO{gEofO{ jf
5f]kf5f]k xg] cj:yf . (pbf) ;a}n] cfg} bg ;f]ofpg tF5f8 d5f8 ug{ yfn] eg] s;L Joj
xf rN5 <) tF dd gf) JolQmJolQmsf aLrdf xg] egfeg dflg;dflg;sf aLrsf] emu8f . tF /
) tFtFdd . tM k|To) [;+)] zAbsf kl5lNt hf]l8P To; qmddf, To;af6, To;cg;f cflb cy{ h
fx] ug]{ Ps k|Too (d"ntM, j:ttM, cGttM O)) . ts\g ;) lqm) [tu\ g]tx xfn] bf]nfO{+,
vf:6f], 6f]kL cflb l;pg tUg . ts gf) of]) sg} sfdsf] jf ljifoj:tsf] cjlw, ;Ldf
, v]k, 6\uf] cflb hgfpg] zAb ;Dd ko{Gt tns . (pbf) cfdf cfhts l;fpgePsf] yfxf 5}g
pgn] tnats kfPsf 5}gg\ .) tslb/gf) [c) tsbL] efUo k|fAw tulb/ . ts/f/ gf) [c)] sg}
O{ yL dflg;sf aLrsf] afemfafem egfj}L emu8f vfa . ~ hldg gf) emu8f k]sf] jf emu8f
hUuf . tslnkm gf) [c) tsnLkm] cgfjZos emGem6, a9L kl>d, csf{sf lglDtsf] v6fO cflb
af6 xg] si6 jf bMv x}fgL tfk . tsfO gf) [ ts\ (cfO)] != tu xfn] l;pg] sfd jf lsl;d
[ tfs\ ( cfO )] @= tfSg] sfd jf lsl;d . #= nIo p2] Z o . [>] tsfOg s) lqm) != tUg]
sfd ufOg tufOg . @= tfSg nfOg tfSg] kflg . tsfpgk|]) lqm) != tufpg . @= tfSg nf
pg tfSg] kfg{ . tsfhftsfbf gf) [c) tsfbf] tflstf hf]8 . tsf/ gf) [;+)] t j0f{ tju
klxnf] cIf . tlsg s) lqm) [ts\ O g] tSg] sfd ul/g tlug . tlsof gf) [kmf) tlso] sk8f
f] nfDrf] y}nf]leq ?jf, ejf cflb e] tof kflPsf] l;fg xflng] cf8 jf ;fwg l;fgL . ts
j) [ts\ pjf] tu]sf] tujf (bf]nfO{F, vf:6f], 6f]kL cflb) . tSdf gf) [kmf) tUd] ;]jf
, jLtf, ljtf cflbsf If]qdf sg} pNn]vgLo sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ sb jf k|z+;f b;f{pg ;sf j
f ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] sg} lrXg c\lst db|fh:tf] cfe"if0f kbs . tIfs gf) [;+)] != ftf], k
x]Fnf] sfnf] k]6f] k] ldn]sf], emG8} Ps ld6 ndfO xg], b]Vtf ;fx|} fd|f] t Hofb}
 ;k{ cf7 gfudWo] Ps . @= l;sdL{ . tIf0f gf) [;+)] tf5\g] jf vs{g] sfd . > tIf0fL
gf) sf7 tf5\g] kmnfd] Hofjn al;nf . tIff gf) [;+)] sf7sf] sfd ug]{ sflnu8 l;sdL{ .
tvt! gf) ;lhnf] Joj:yf ldn]sf] 7fpF cgsn " :yfg kfos kfxL . tvt@ gf) [kmf) tVt] != f
fsf] u2L fhl;+xf;g . @= fHo (lbJof]kb]z) . tvtftVtf gf) [kmf) tVt] != kmNofs kmn]s .
= s]xL ;fdfg fVgsf nflu leQfdf kmNofs 7f]s] agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] bfh . #= k"mn f]lkPsf
] kf6fbf 8f . tu\g! c) lqm) [;+) lts] != a9fOF, s8f ladf/L cflbsf cj:yfdf klg afFRg
;Sg zLdf l6Sg] jf c8\g] zlQm xg . @= csf egfO, axft{g cflb vk] a:g si6sx ;xg
@ ;+) lqm) [;+)] 6\s g] tu xfn] jf c:t;d]t uL l;pg bO{ tx sk8fsf aLrdf ?jf xfnL ;
?jfnfO{ ;d]t v6L af kfL (sk8f, bf]nfO{F, l;s, vf:6f] cflb) l;pg . > tu gf) bO{ t
x sk8fsf] dfemdf ?jf] jf c:t xfn] sf]7fsf]7f kfL l;Og] vf:6f], l;/s, bf]nfO{F cflb n
ufsf] l;nfO . tu8f lj) [lx)] != dgUo tfut ePsf] alnof] bx|f] . @= f]u gePsf] jf fd|L
t\lu|Psf] tGb?:t tfhf . tu0f gf) [;+)] 5Gbzf:qsf lgodcg;f bO{ u? Ps n3 xg] u0f
(.) .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
549

tulb/t8\sf aGbf]a:t . @= d2fdf cbfntaf6 ulg] lg0f{o km};nf . #= lg0f{ofTds sfdf lb

Og] fo ;Ddlt . $= ljj]s OR5f k|aGw . ~ kq gf) cbfntaf6 d2fsf] lsgff nfpFbf ulg] k}m
sf] sfut . > thlahL gf) thlahff xg] sfd jf sf] . t6 gf) [;+)] ;db|L lsgf jf gbLsf]
tL 5]p . aGw gf) ;Iff tyf pkof]lutfsf lglDt gbLsf] rf}8fO ;fF3  ofpg To;sf] lsgff
p7fOPsf] kvf{n afFw . jtL{ lj) != ;dbL| lsgfdf x]sf] . @= sg} kIfdf gnfu]sf] jf gl
eh]sf] . t6:y lj) [;+)] != t6df cjl:yt ;db|L lsgfdf x]sf] . @= lgs6df xg] . #= sg}
u6df gnfUg] jf s;}sf] kIf glng] dWo:y lgikIf . ~ s0f gf) kIfljkIf s]xL glnO{ a:g]
jf C[0ffTdstf wgfTdstf bjd } f ;+nUg gePsf] j:t . ~If]q gf) sg} zlQmsf] lgliqm
o xg] efu jf st}kl klg ;+nUg gePsf] If]q . tf gf) != t6:y xg] jf xg] cj:yf . @= s
;}sf] kIf glng] jf cr]nsf] fhgLltcg;f sg} b]zsf] o4, emu8f cflbdf gcNemL cnUu xg
] sfd jf l:ylt . > t6:yLs/0f gf) != sg} b]z jf :yfgnfO{ t6:y agfpg] jf tT;DaGwL
sfsf] 3f]if0ff ug]{ sfd . @= k|lts"n u0f, zlSt cflbff sg} j:tsf] k|efj lgliqmo
kfg]{ sfd . tl6gL gf) [;+)] gbL vf]nf] . t6L gf) [;+)] gbL jf ;db|sf] t6 lsgf . t6Lo
lj) [;+)] t6;DaGwL ;dbL | lsgfsf] . ~ d}bfg gf) ;db|L lsgfdf cjl:yt e"efu . t8s e8
s gf) [t8s e8s] cf}ufteGbf a9fO{r9fO{ b]vfOg] f]ajfkm grflxFbf] jf g;xfpFbf] 7fF6afF6
. t8fu gf) [;+)] != tnfp tfn . @= h\unL kz km;fpg k|of]u ulg] kf;f] . t8ft8 lqm) lj
) [t8s\ t8s\] st} gc8L kmtL{;fy lxF8\g] sfd km6fkm6 . tl8t\ gf) [;+)] != cfsfzdf rD
sg] lahnL r6\f . @= lx+;f . ue{ gf) afbn d]3 . tl8Nntf gf) [;+)] nxfh:t} 6]9f]d]9
{ w]} ]vf ag] cfsfzdf rDsg] lahnL . t8L td8L gf) [(l)) tDaf]] hf] ePsf] >L;DklQ, l
em6Lld6L cflb l;LvL ;j{:j . t8\sg c) lqm) [k|f) t8t8f g] != st} gc8L kmtL{;fy l56
lxF8\g km6fkm6 lxF8\g t8\lsg . @= r8\sf lsl;dn] jf uh]{ af]Ng . > t8\sfO gf) t8\
sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t8\sfOg s) lqm) st} gc8fO{ kmtL{;fy lxF8fOg . t8\sfpg k
|]) lqm) st} gc8fO{ kmtL{;fy lxF8fpg . t8\sf lj) [t8\s cf] != ;fx|f] jf rsf]{ (lx
F8fO, rnfO

tulb/ gf)x]) tslb/ . tu/ gf) [;+)] cDafsf h:tf ;;fgf kft xg], xNsf af:gf cfpg], ;
]tf] uf]nfsf k"mn kmNg] lkt[sfo{sf nflu cfjZos 7flgg] k"mn . tufO gf) [ tu\ ( cfO)]
!= tUg] sfd jf lsl;d Ps ] sfd jf lsl;d l6sfO . k|sfsf] l;nfO . @= tUg] (c8\g) [ >]
tufOg qm) lqm) != l6sfOg . @= tu xfn]/ l;pg nfOg . tufpg k|) ] lqm) != tUg nfp
g tu xfn] l;pg nfpg . @= l6sfpg . tuf/L gf) [tuff] O{] tuffsf] n3 k ;fgf] tuff]
f] gf) != 3 jf v]tLdf a:tefp gk;"g\ egL dVo uf}F8f jf cfjthfjt ug]{ 7fpFdf kvf{n
, vfFaf] cflbdf Kjfn kfL xflnPsf] sf7 jf afF;sf] t];f]{ af . @= uf}F8f . tujf lj)
[tu\ pjf] tu xfn] l;OPsf] tu] l;OPsf] (bf]nfO{F, vf:6f], efbufpFn] 6f]kL cflb) ?O{bfL
t! gf) [> tx] sg} j:tsf] vft t\L rf . t@ lqm)lj) [kmf)] != lbSs x}fg . lj) @=
f) #= 3f]8fdf sf7L s:g] k]6L . t\lug! gf) [ t\uL] sg} j:tsf] 7"nf] vft rf t\L t
lj) [kmf) t+uL] ;fx|} ula tGgd s\ufn t\lg . t\uL gf) [t\u O{] vft rf t . t\u
lafdLnfO{ f]un] 5f8] ;Grf] xg jf an nfUg yfNg lafdL lgsf] eP p7\g t\g  . >
t\ug | ] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t\lu|g  c) lqm) ! t\u|g] sfd ulg . @= lafdL, ;Ts]L c
clncln lxF8\g ;Sg] xg . t\lg! gf)x]) tlug! . t\lg@ lj)x]) tlug@ . t\g  c)
 . t5fO gf) [ tf5\ ( cfO)] tf5\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] t5fOg s) lqm) tf5\g nfOg
. t5fpg k|) ] lqm) tf5\g nfpg . t5fgt5fgL gf) [tf5\ cfgcfgL] h\unsf vxsf] s6fgLkl5
5 kfg]{ sfd . t5f/\g ;)lqm) [ tf5\g]  != sf7, nf}f] cflb tf5\g ltvfg{ . @= n5fkf
f] nfpg vofpg . > t5f/ gf) t5fg]{ sfd . t5f/fO gf) t5fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . t5flg
 s) lqm) t5fg]{ sfd ulg tfl5g . tl5g] lj) [tf5\ O g]] tf5\g xg,] tf5\g ldNg] jf tf5
g nfos (sf7kft cflb) . t5jf lj) [tf5\ pjf] != tfl5Psf] (sf7 cflb) . gf) @= x]) v
l;kf . thlah gf) [kmf) thjLh] != sg} sfdsfsf] OlGthfd

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

t8\sf}tyf cflb) . @= :ki6 (af]nL) . #= rsf]{ tLI0f (:jfb) . ~ t8sL gf) != k:ksf] kmt
{;fysf] lxF8fO . @= k:kdf xg] egfeg afemfafem rsf{rsL{ . afhL gf) l;fP rsf]{ egfe
{ sfd afemfafem . t8\sf/} lqm) lj) [;+) tTsfn] Psflaxfg} ;vf} ;a]} . t8\sf/f] lj) [t
ff]] t8\sf jf rsf]{ :j ePsf] vn:t :ki6 68\sff] (af]nL) . \ ] afgL ePsf] t8\s] lj)
] != PSn} km6fkm6 lxF8g t8\sg] . @= csf] fodf klg gldNg] s;}sf] jf:tf klg gug]{ Psf
]xf]f] . t8\kg c) lqm) [k|f) t8km8 g] != cn] nfPvfPsf] b]v] sNkg jf 8fx pAhg . @=
k"mn] u]sf sfdsfdf r]tk ] l5 rsrsfpg k5tfp ug{ . #= zfLls jf dfgl;s j]bgfn] Jof
sn xg 56k6fpg . > t8\kfO gf) t8\kg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t8\kfOg s) lqm) t8\kg n
fOg . t8\kfpg k|) ] lqm) t8\kg] ufpg sNkfpg . t8\lkg c) lqm) t8\kg] sfd xg t8\
kg . t8\km8fO gf) [ t8\km8fp ( cfO)] t8\kml8g] lqmof jf k|lsof . [>] t8\km8fOg c) l
qm) t8\km8fpg] xf]Og . t8\km8fpg c) lqm) [k|f) t8km8 cfp g] zfLls rf]6, dfgl;s j]bgf
, kZrfQfk cflbn] bMlvt xg 56k6fpg . tt\ gf) [;+)] != a|Xd . @= jfo . ;j{) #=
k|ydk?ifsf] Psjrg hgfpg] zAb Tof] pm (h:t} tT;DaGwL, tTsfn, tT;b[z, tTIf0f O)) . t
t lj) [;+)] != km}lnPsf] lj:t[t . @= 9flsPsf] . gf) #= tf ]6] ahfOg] afhf (;f\uL, l;
flb) . ttsf]{ gf) [c) d") t\ (l))sf]] kmtkmtfpg] sfd emsf]k { msf]{ . ~ kmtsf]{etsf]{
gf) emsf]{ dfg] jf ulTyP kmtkmtfpg] sfd emsf]{kmsf]{ . ttfO gf) [ tft\ - cfO)] != tfT
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ttfp cfO] @= ttfpg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >] ttfOg s
) lqm tfTg] sfd ufOg tftf] kflg . ttfpg k|]) lqm) != sg} klg j:tnfO{ cfFr jf fks
f] ;xfotfn] tftf] kfg{ ud tNofpg . @= cfuf], tftf] cflbdf ;]sfpg . #= sg} sf
jf sf0fdf l; p7fpg h\Uofpg . $= sg} lqmofsnfksf lglDt pQ]lht kfg{ k|fT ] ;flxt ug
{ xf}:ofpg . tltDaftltDdf gf) [c) tltDd] klxn]sf] aofgdf yKt} ufF:t} bf]xf]f]t]xf]
;f]wk5 u] lnOPsf] aofg . tTsfn lqm) lj) [;+)] To;} a]nf ToxL ;dodf plTgv]/ t?Gt nu
. > tTsfnLg lj) To;} a]nfsf] p;} ;dosf] Toltv]/sf] . tTIf0f lqm) lj) [;+)] To;} a]nf
pxL avt tTsfn . tQt\ ;j{) [;+) tt\
tt\] ToxLToxL pxLpxL .
550

tj gf) [;+)] != sg} klg j:tnfO{ cl:tTjdf Nofpg] d"n sf0f . @= hut\ ;[li6sf d"n sf0
f dflgg] k~rdxfe"t (k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo cfsfz) . #= jf:tljs l:ylt jf oyfy{ sf .
$= dxjk"0f{ c+z ;f j:t ;ff+z . %= cfwlgs ;fogzf:qsf cg;f csf]{ kbfy{;Fu lansn}
l>t jf ljz4 sg} kbfy{ . ^= kdfTdf ka|Xd . 1 lj) != tj jf oyfy{ s/f hfGg] tj1fgL
f . @= a|Xd1fgL . #= bfz{lgs . ~ 1fg gf) a|Xd, cfTdf ;[li6af]sf] oyfy{ 1fg df]If k|
flKt xg] 1fg a|Xd1fg . ~ 1fgL lj) tj1fg k|fKt ePsf] -JolQm_ a|Xd1fgL . tM cJo) oyfy
kdf ;fFlRrs} lsl;dn] . bzL{ lj) jf:tljstfsf] af]w xg] tj1fgL . ~ b[li6 gf) tj1fg
t ug]{ b[li6 . lgi7 lj) cfgf] l;4fGtdf c6n xg] . ~ dLdf+;f gf) cfWoflTds, cflwb}ljs s
fsf] ljj]rgf ePsf] zf:q tjljBfsf] rrf{ ePsf] bz{gzf:q cWofTdljBf . ljb\ lj) tjsf]
xg] tj1 . j]Qf lj) bfz{lgs tj1 tjljb\ . tjfjwfg gf) [;+)] sg} sfo{qmd;DaGwL c
f ;~rfngsf] bfloTjk"0f{ lgLIf0f, ]vb]v jf x]rfx . tTk/ lj) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf ug{ t
of ePsf] tDtof sl6a4 . @= sfddf lgk0f jf bIf . tf gf) sg} sfd ug{ tof xg] u0f j
:ylt . > tTk/fo0f lj) sg} sfdsf]df dg nfpg] jf Psfu| xg] tNnLg . tTkZrft\ ;+of])
[;+)] To;kl5 tbgGt tbkfGt . tTk?if gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fcg;f kl5Nnf] kb dVo xg] P
df; (h:t} sfdnfos, 85]?jf, kfgL3f6, eOk F{ m  f, jgjf; .) . @= kdfTdf O{Zj . tTofst
ts lqm) lj) [tt tt] != gfgLxn] clncln tf]t] af]nL af]Ng] rfndf . @= un] gd eO{ aUg
vfnsf] xg] lsl;dn] . #= nvtfg xg] cj:yfdf . tq lqm) lj) [;+)] To; 7fpFdf ToxfF jx
fF . tT;d lj) [;+)] != h:tfsf] t:tf] Tof]h:tf] To:t} . gf) @= ;+:s[t efiffaf6 k gk]m
lO{ cfgf] efiffdf cfP h:tfsf] t:t} rn]sf zAb (h:t};+:s[taf6 g]kfnLdf cfPsf tT;d zAb
(cfsfz, ;"o{, lbg O)) . tf tT;d xgfsf] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . tt\:yflgs lj) [;+)]
To; :yfgsf] jf ToxL 7fpFdf xg] . tyf! gf) [;+) tYo] sg} sfdsfdf ;Nnfxn] ulg] lgwf]
kSsfkSsL lgZro 7]ufg (pbf) 3df tyf u] cfPkl5 lax]sf] sfdsf] l5Ggk5{ .) . tyf@ cJo
)] != Tof]h:tf] p:tf] To:t} lsl;dn] . ;+of]) @= clg . (pbf)zAbsf]zsf] ;Dkfbg kldfh
g]kfnL efiffsf] clej[l4 tyf o;sf] cl:tTj ;+If0fsf b[li6n] klg

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
551

tyf}/f]tgf]6tgf}6 @= To;sf lglDt lxtsfs jf pkoSt xg] . > tl4tfGt lj) tl4t k|Too nf
u] ag]sf] ltLo JoTkGg (zAb) . tb\la;]s lj) [;+) tt\ ljz]if] yf]} dfqf clnslt s]xL .
) kfleGbf tb\la;]s jfl g} dfOnf] 5 . xleGbf tb\la;]s clgn fd|f 5g\ . ) tb\ej lj) [;+
!= To;af6 pTkGg ePsf] gf) @= ;+:s[t efiffaf6 s]xL k kljt{g jf ljs[t eP cyf{t\ k k]mlP
cfgf] efiffdf cfO{ rn]sf zAb, h:t} sd{ (;+:s[t)  sfd (g]kfnL), r~r (;+:s[t)  rRrf
] (g]kfnL) O) . tb\k lj) [;+)] ToxL cfsfk|sfsf] p:t} lsl;dsf] To:t} . tf gf) To:t}
l:ylt jf sfd ;dfgtf ;fb[Zo . tg gf) [;+) tg] k|f0fLsf] xf8, df;, ut cflbn] ag]sf]
;a} c\usf] ;d"x hLp zLM rf]nf . tgSs lqm) lj) [c) d") tg\ > tgs\ s] Ps} v]kdf tfGg]
tflgg] uL tGg . tgvf gf) [kmf) tgVjfx] hflu vfO{ sfd u]afkt dlxg}lkR5] kfOg] sd tna
f j]tg . tgtg lqm) lj) [c) d") tg\ c (l))] kfgL jf c sg} tn kbfy{ w] } vfg] jf lkpg
tggg . > tgtgtLtgtgL lqm) lj) cem l56f] tgtg xg] uL . tgdg gf) [tg\ dg\] != zL dg
gl;s zlSt . @= hfFu pT;fx . tgo gf) [;+)] 5f]f] kq . > tgof gf) 5f]L kqL . tgxF
]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ u08sL c~rnsf] Ps lhNnf . tgf gf) [;+)tGt] !=
bf}f, ef]6f] cflb 7Ls 7fpFdf s;] nufOg] sk8fsf] dl;g lkmQf tg . @= j cflb vsf xfF
ufb]lv k]mb;Dd em]sf jf n6\s]sf hf . tgfO gf) [ tfg\ - cfO)] tfGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
of . [>] tgfOg s) lqm) tfGg nfOg . tgfjtgfp gf) [lx) tgfj] != sg} emd]nfsf sfdsf
, ;f]rfO cflbn] dl:tis tGsg] sfd tGsfO . @= bO{ yLsf aLrdf cljZjf;sf] efjgfdf xg
] j[l4 tGsfO lvrftfgL . tgfxf lj) [kmf)] != ePesf] wg;DklQ ;lsPsf] tGgd . @= s]xL geP
sf] PSnf] . tg gf) [;+)] != tg zL hLp . lj) @= ;fgf] . h gf) kq 5f]f] . hf
wf/L lj) zL wf0f ug]{ b]xwfL . dWo lj) kftnf] jf emLgf] sd ePsf] . ntf gf)
n zL . tg] lj) [tgf P] tgf ePsf] tgh:tf] tg] . af]8L gf) x]) tg]af]8L . tgf]6t
[tfg\ cf]6cf}6] != tfGg] sfd jf k|lqmof

xgk  5{ . ) slyt lj) To;f] elgPsf] egfpFbf] gfd dfqsf] . ut gf) a4sf] Ps gfd uf}
a4 . gfd gf) dvdf h] cfof] ToxL af]Ng] sfd ufnLunf}h bJo{jxf . > tyflk ;+of]) To;
] eP tfklg h] eP klg t}klg tfklg . tyf:t gf) s;}n] sg} sf] dfUbf, To; sfsf] cfsf
f fVtf jf s]xL sfd ug{ rfxFbf p;sf] tk, j|t, Wofg cflbaf6 k|;Gg eO{ ljlzi6 zlSt j
f JolStff To:t} xf];\ egL cfzLjf{b lbOg] zAb . (pbf) kfj{tLn] dxfb]j klt kfpmF egL j
bf, lji0fkwfL dxfb]jn] tyf:t eg] .) tyf]St lj) != To; k|sfn] elgPsf] . @= tyfslyt .
tyf}/f] lj) [;+) tYo cf}f]] cnfO{ tyfgfd eGg] jf ufnLunf}h ug]{ gfd dfqsf] . tYo lj) [
+)] != jf:tljstfdf cfwflt k|dfl0ft xg ;Sg] ;To . gf) @= ;fFrf] sf] jf ljj0f jf:tljs
f . ~ efifL lj) jf:tljs sf ug]{ ;fFrf] af]Ng] ;TojStf . jfbL lj) ;fFrf] af]Ng] ;To
L . tbgGt/ ;+of] [;+)] To;kl5 p;kl5 . tbgk lj) [;+)] To;}cg;f ToxLh:tf] To;;Fu ldN
hN  bf] p:t} . tbg;f/ lj) [;+)] To;cg;f To:t} kn] p;} adf]lhd . tblk ;+of] [;+)]
tfklg tyflk . @= Tof] klg pm;lxt . tby{ lqm) lj) [;+)] != To;lglDt To;sf nflu To;sf0f
. lj) @= sg} ljz]if sfdsf lglDtsf] k6s] . ~ ;ldlt gf) sg} ljz]if sfdsf] ;Dkfbg
jf k|flDes ;;Nnfx ug{sf lglDt u7g eO{ ;f] sfd k"f ePkl5 ;dfKt xg] ;ldlt . tbf lqm)
lj) [;+)] To; avt p; a]nf . oQms gf) P]ltxfl;s k|rngcg;f fHoff cfk"mnfO{ lgoSt u
cfgf dftxtsf sd{rfL cfk}Fmn] lgoSt ug{ kfpg] clwsfL . tbf?stbf?v gf) [c) tbfs] != c
w, ckfwL jf b3{6gfsf af]df ljz]if kn] ulg] vf]hL . @= sg} klg sfdsf lglDtsf] tTktf
. tbLo lj) [;+)] To;sf] p;sf] . tbk/fGt ;+of]) [;+)] To;kl5 tbgGt . tb\u0  f gf) [;
)] cfgf] u0f 5f8] csf] pQd u0f u|x0f u]sf] aofg ulg] Ps lsl;dsf] cyf{n\sf . t2]zLo
[;+)] != Tof] b]z;DaGwL To; b]zsf] . @= If]qLo :yfgLo . tl4t gf) [;+)] != zAb;+rgfs
f qmddf gfd, ljz]if0f cflb zAbdf nfu] ljleGg cy{ lg:sg] c zAb agfpg] k|Tooljz]if s[
t\ tl4t k|ToodWo] bf];|f] e]b (3af6 aGg] 3]n zAbdf Pn, kfgLaf6 aGg] kg]f] zAbdf P
Unf]af6 aGg] cUnfO zAbdf cfO cflb tl4t k|Too xg\ .) . > lj)

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

tGsgtktk tgfO . @= sk8f cflb aGbf tGsfOPsf] jf tfg nufOPsf] ] lj) != tgf]6 ePsf]
wfuf], 8f]L cflb j:t . > tgf}6 tgf}6sf kdf cfPsf] . @= tgf}6 ug]{ tfGg] . #= tfg nu
fpg] (JolQm) . tGsg c) lqm) [ tgSs g] != tfGg xg] sg} klg j:t hf]8;Fu tflgg jf
lvlrg . @= ufx|f] eP tfklg n:s] lxF8g \  . #= l;fP jf gfd|f] lsl;dn] hfg . > tGsf
O gf) tGsg] tyf tGsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . tGsfOg s) lqm) tGsg nfOg . tGsfpg k|)
] lqm) tGsg] kfg{ tGsg nfpg . tlGsg c) lqm) != tgSs tflgg . @= tGsg . tGsf] g
f) tGs]sf] l:ylt jf tGsg] sfd . tGSofO gf) tlGsg] sfd jf lsl;d . tGSofx6 gf) tGsg]
efj, 9fFrf jf lqmof tGSofO . tGh]a gf) [kmf)] Ps hftsf] dl;g ;"tL sk8f pDbf hftsf
] dndn . t08 ljt08 gf) [;+)] jfbljjfb 6sfj . tGt/dGt/ gf)[ tGqdGq] emfkms ug]{ sfd
qdGq . tGt gf) [;+)] != skf; cflb a6f] sfltPsf] dl;g 8f]f] wfuf] . @= ];f . #= tfFt
k\lSt . $= dfsfsf] hfnf] . %= ;Gtfg . ^= d8fPsf] g]kfnL sfutdf d;Lljgf p7fP jf vfN8
f] kf] agfOPsf] 8f]a . sf/ gf) != nuf aGg] JolQm hnfxf . @= dfsf] . sf]if gf)
tGt aGgsf nflu tNnLg xg] hLjsf]if . ~ lj1fg gf) zfLls tGtsf] ;"Id ;+rgf tyf lqmofsf
] 1fg ug]{ ufpg] zf:q . ~ ljz]if1 lj) zfLls tGtsf ljifodf ljz]if 1fg jf bvn ePsf] .
tGq gf) [;+)] != zfSt jf z}j dtsf cg;f b]jb]jLxsf] pkf;gf ug]{ x:od"ns zf:q . @= em
fkms ug]{ dGq jf ljBf . #= sg} zf;gJoj:yf jf k4lt (h:t}fhtGq, k|hftGq, u0ftGq O)
.) . $= wfuf] 8f]f] ;"q . ~ dGq gf) tGq k|of]u ug]{ ljBf hfb6gf jf emfkms . > tGqL
f) != ]6] ahfOg] tyf dl;g emGsf lg:sg] l;tf, jL0ff cflb jfB . @= jL0ffsf] tf . #= zL
] g;f . tGb/ gf) [lx)] kfpf]6L, la:s6 cflbsf] em}F f]6L ksfpg agfOPsf] df6fsf] 7"
nf] rnf] . > tGb/L gf) tGbdf ksfOPsf] afSnf] f]6L . tGb?:t lj) [kmf)] != zLdf sg
lsl;dsf] f]u jf sdhf]L gePsf] lgf]uL :j:y . @= sfddf nfUg jf h6g \ ;Sg] tDtof/ 7Ls
. > tGb?:tL gf) zLdf sg} lsl;dsf] f]u jf sdhf]L geO{ ftf]lkf] xg] l:ylt lgf]uL
. tGb]/L lj) [;+)t?0f] t?gf] tGg]L . tGb]x lj) [kmf) tgb]x] d]xgt;fy sfd ug]{ . > t
Gb]xL gf) != d]xgt kl>d . @=sf]l;; k|oTg .
552

tGb|f gf) [;+)] != lgb|f nfUgcl3sf] cfFvfsf] nfO lgb|fsf] klxnf]cj:yf emKsfO pF3 . @
f]u, zf]s, lrGtf cflbaf6 xg] xNsf a]xf];Lh:tf] l:ylt . > tGb|fn lj) != tGb|fdf
k]sf] pF3 nfu]sf] . @= yfs]sf] SnfGt . tlGb|n lj) tGb|foSt pF3 nfu]sf] . tGb|s  gf
[c) tg"] ljz]if lsl;dn] ksfOPsf] df; cflbsf] klsf . tGg lqm) lj) [c) d") tg\ g] a];L
tfGg] jf tflgg] uL tgSs . tGgd lj) [c) tgxf] cfgf] eGg s]xL gePsf] xls\ufn clt ul
~ eutejlt gf) ePesf] >L;DklQ ;a} ;lsPsf] tgxf s\ufn . tGgf gf) [ tfg\] kn, vf6 cf
5fpgfdfly s;]/ xflng] Ps;/f] sk8f . tGg]/LtGg]/f] lj) [ tGb]L] != a}F; r9]sf] t?gf]
s hjfg . gf) @= t?0f ojs t?gf] l76f] . tGdg:s lj) [;+)] tNnLg tGdo . tf gf) tGdg:s
gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . tGdo lj) [;+)] tgdg nufPsf] To;}df ldn]sf] bQlrQ tNnLg . tf gf
tGdo xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf lbnf]Hofgn] nfUg]kg tNnLgtf . tGjL lj) [;+)] != bAnLkft
nL . @= sf]dn zL ePsL . tk\g! c)lqm) [;+) tk g] tk ug{ tk:of ug{ . tk\g@ c) lqm
) tKt g] != 3fd, udL{ cflbn] tfTg tftf] xg . @=dfgl;s kL8f jf bMv xg . tkM gf
) [;+)] tk; tk tk:of . s/ lj) tk ug]{ tk:jL . ~ k|efj gf) tk:ofaf6 kfOg] cnf}lss zlQ
tksf] k|efj . ~ ;fWo lj) tk:ofn] l;4 xg] . ~ :yn gf) tk:of ug]{ 7fpF tkf]el" d . t
k gf) [;+)] != sg} clenlift l;l4k|flKtsf lglDt zL jf OlGb|onfO{ jzdf fv] c66 kdf lr
tg dgg ug]{ k|lqmof ljifojf;gfaf6 cnu eO{ lrQzl4 kfg{ ulg] si6s wfld{s lgod tk:of .
@= kf0fcg;f k[YjLdflysf ;ft nf]sdWo] Ps . #= df3 dlxgf . $= tfk udL{ u|Lid C[t .
%= Hjf] . tks gf) [;+) tk] != 3fd, cfuf] cflbsf] udL{af6 xg] rsf]{ c; . @= ;g, r
fFbL cflb wftdf r9fOg] hnk kfOg . tkSs lqm) lj) [c) d") tks\ s] kfgL, zLth:tf tn j:t
 rlxg] jf v:g] uL . tktk lqm) lj) [c) d") tk\ c (l))] sg} tn kbfy{ yf]kfyf]kf uL r
g] jf v:g] uL . > tktktL lqm) lj) cem l56f] tktk xg] uL . tktkfO gf) tktkfpg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . tktkfOg c) lqm) yf]kfyf]kf uL

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
553

tkgta} tk:of u] a:g] hun tkf] e " l d . j| t gf) tk:of;DaGwL j|t wf0f ug]{ sfd .
c) lqm) [tkSs g] kfgL cflb tn kbfy{sf yf]kfx v:g tktk rxg   . > tKsfO gf) tKsg] s
fd jf lsl;d . tKsfOg s) lqm) tKsg nfOg . tKsfpg ;) lqm) yf]kfx v;fNg jf rxfpg
. tlKsg c) lqm) != tktk uL yf]kf rlxg . @= tKsg . tKs]gL gf) != tktk v;]sf] kf
gLsf] yf]kf jf To:tf] kfgL tKsg] 7fpF . @= an]gL, kxf cflbaf6 ;fP emg]{ kfgLsf] yf]
kf . tKsf] gf) tKs]sf] kfgLsf] yf]Knf] tKsfO . tKt lj) [;+)] != cfuf], fk cflbn] tft
]sf] jf ttfPsf] tftf] . @= dfgl;s si6df k]sf] bMlvt kLl8t . #= v"a tk:of u]sf] . s[
5 gf) k|folZrQsf nflu afx| lbg;Dd | gf) != j}i0fj;Dk|bfosf JolQmxn] ulg] Ps j|t . ~
dbf cfgf] zLdf wf0f ug]{ z\vrqm ePsf] wftsf ;fFrfn] 8fDg] lrXg . @= ;fF9]sf kfdf 8
ldg] db|f . tKk lqm) lj) [c) d") tk\ k] kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ yf]kf yf]kf rxg] uL . t
Kkf gf) [c) tkmLs] lhNnfsf] ;fgf] Onfsf jf efu . ta lqm) lj) [;+) tbf] != To; a]nf T
oltv] . @= To; sf0f . ;+of]) # ha sf] dv ldnfpg cfpg] zAb clg . (ha d cfPF ta ltdLnf
O{ 6fpsf] bV5 xf]Og < ) lgkf) $= csf sfdf ;xL yfKg] cJoo zAb t . (pbf) vr{ t ;a}n]
a]xf]g{k5{, xf] ta .) tas gf) [c)] ;g, rfFbL cflb wftsf] sfuth:tf] kftnf] uL a
gfOPsf] kq jf kQL . tan! gf) aGrf]h:tf] bfpf lrg]{ kmnfdsf] Ps xltof . tan@ gf) [kmf)
] x]) tanf . > tanrL gf) tanf ahfpg lgk0f JolQm tanfjfbs . tanf gf) [c) tan] bO{
xftn] Ps};fy hf]8L kdf ahfOg], 5fnfsf] vL;lxtsf] k|l;4 tfnafhf bfofF xftn] ahfOg]nf
O{ tanf afofF xftn] ahfOg]nfO{ afofF jf gfd elgg]dWo] Ps . tafx lj) [kmf)] Psbd gi
f] ;j{:j ePsf] tGgd . > tafxL gf) aafbL ;Tofgfz Wj+; . ta]nf gf) [c) tj]n] 3f]8f afF
7fpF c:tanvfgf cZjzfnf . ~ bnfg gf) g]kfnsf] Oltxf;sf cg;f zfxsfndf klxn] k|rlnt,
e|i6frflj?4 d2f ;Gg] ljz]if cbfnt . ta} lqm) lj) [ta P]] To;} a]nf Tolt w]} . (pbf)
fgL t kf];\, ta} g ds} 5lPnf .) tf/] lj) af]) csf sfsfgLdf ;xL yfKg] y]uf]h:tf] zAb
. (pbf) lhnLufF7L s]xL geP klg ta}tf] d klg t s]xL ulxfN5 lg )

rxfOg . tktkfpg c) lqm) yf]kfyf]kf uL rxg   tKsg . tktlkg c) lqm) tktk uL yf]
f v:g tKsg tktkfpg . tktkL lqm) lj) tktktL . tkg gf) [;+)] != tftf]kg tfk udL{ .
fd ;"o{ . #= u[id Ct . $= dfgl;s bMv jf kL8faf6 xg] 8fx . %= gfosgflosfn] ljof
]usf cj:yfdf cgej ug]{ bMv . > tkgL gf) != xNsf fk dwf] tfk . @= dGb Hjf] . #= dfg
l;s bMv jf kL8f . tkZrof{ gf) [;+)] tk; tk:of . tk; gf) [;+) tk;\] tk tk:of . tkl;n
gf) [c) tkm;Ln] != ;|]:tfdf tn n]lvPsf] jf vnfOPsf] ljj0f lgDglnlvt kmfF6jfL . @=
lj:t[t j0f{g gfnLa]nL ljj0f . tk;L lj) [;+) tk:jL] ;f+;fls k|k~raf6 dQm eP PsfGtdf u
{ O{Zjsf] cffwgf ug]{ tk:of ug]{ tk:jL . tk:of gf) [;+)] != sg} OR5fk"lt{ ug{ jf dfg
l;s zl4 ugf{sf nflu PslrQ eP lgodk"js { ulg] sl7g sfo{ jf k|oTg tk . @= a|Xdro{ .
tk:jL lj) [;+)] != tk:of ug]{ tk;L tfk; . gf) @= ;GGof;L . :qL) tkl:jgL . tkfO gf) [
tk\ - cfO_] != tKg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [tkfp cfO] @= tkfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|
lqmof . [>] tkfOg s) lqm) != ttfOg . @= tfKg nfOg . tkfpg k|]) lqm) != tKt kfg
{ ttfpg . @= tftf] cgej ufpg tfKg nfpg . tkfO{ ;j{) [;+) Tjd\] != cf}krfls k|;
\
cfk"m eGbf dfGo hgnfO{ ltdL eGbf dflyNnf] bhf{df fv] k|of]u ulg] ltLo k'?if, Psjrgsf
cfbfyL{ zAb . (pbf)= o; pknIodf tkfO{s F{ f] pkl:ylt k|fy{gLo 5 . tkfO{F 3af6 slxn]
kfNgef] <) @= tF sf] ;f Jo\Uofy{df k|oQm xg] zAb . (pbf) xf], tkfO{Fs} uf]8f ldr]
:gknf{ ) tk]; gf) [kmf) tlkz] ksfpg] sfddf k|of]u xg] la6 kms]s { f], 7"nf] dv
ePsf], vf; uL xn\u]sf] efF8f] 8]SrL . tkf] [;+)] tk;\sf] ;df;ut k . wg lj) tk:of
7"nf] wg jf ;DklQ ePsf] . lgi7 lj) tkdf lgi7 ePsf] tk:ofdf nfu]sf] . an gf) tk:ofaf
6 k|fKt xg] zlQm tkaf6 kfOg] an . e\u gf) sg} laWgafwf cfO{ tk:of 66g \ ] sfd .
e"ldgf) tk:of ug]{ 7fpF tkf]jg . do lj) != tkdf nLg jf ;+nUg tk:of ug]{ . gf) @= kd]
j . d"lt{gf) != kd]Zj . @= 7"nf] tk:jL . #= afx|f}F dGjGtsf] rf}yf] ;fjl0f{sf ;Ktlif
dWo] Ps . nf]s gf) kf0fcg;  f k[YjLeGbf dflysf ;ft nf]sdWo] hgnf]s ;Tonf]ssf aLr
df kg]{ Ps nf]s . jg gf) Clifdlgn]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

tdtD;g td gf) [;+)] != ;j, h, td oL tLg k|fs[lts u0fdWo] Ps . @= cGwsf cFWoff] .

g df]x kfk qmf]w . $= ljz]if0f zAbsf k5fl8 nfu] bO{eGbf a9L j:tsf] u0f jf kldf0fsf
] bfFhf]df ;a}eGbf a];L hgfpg] k|Too zAb (h:t} clwstd, Go"gtd, pRrtd O) ) . tds g
f) [;+) td] wg, cxdTofO{F, c1fg cflbsf sf0fn] dflg;df pAhg] cledfg jf 3dG8 cfj]u,
hf]; jf l; . emds gf) cledfg jf cfj]udf xgfsf] cj:yf hf]l;nf] rfn kmOFkmfOF . tdtd
m) lj) [c) d") td (l))] != vfBj:tsf] :jfb lau|] tdtdfOnf]kg pTkGg ufpg] uL . @= zf]
s, nfh cflbn] jf l;, udL{ cflbn] dv ftf] eP . > tdtdfO gf) != pUn] :jfb lau|g] sfd p
nfO . @= l;, udL{ cflbn] dv ftf] kfg]{ sfd ltldfO . tdtdfOg c) lqm) != plUng . @=
, udL{ cflbn] dv ftf] xg ltldfOg . tdtdfpFbf] lj) ltxgtsfLdf emf]n w]} eO{ :j
f] plUnFbf] :jfb ePsf] :jfb lau|]sf] tdtldFbf] . tdtdfpg c) lqm) !+ tfdfsf jf lkQns
f efF8fat{gdf ltxgtsfL ksfP fVtf pUn] gdL7f] :jfbsf] xg tdtldFbf] aGg . @= Hjf]
sf sf0fn] vfg] ?lr xfO{ dv gdL7f] xg krkrfpFbf] xg . #= l;, udL{ cflbn] dv ftf]
xg ltldfpg . tdtdfx6 gf) != pUn] :jfb lau|g] lsl;d . @= l;, udL{ cflbn] dv ftf]
g] 9fFrf ltldfx6 . tdtldFbf] lj) pufn cfpgfn] :jfb lau|]sf] pUn]sf] tdtdfpFbf] . tdtl
nf] gf) != cldnf], 6f]{ g5lg] lsl;dsf] :jfb . lj) @= To:tf] :jfb ePsf] . tdg gf) [t
fdf] cg] tfdfaf6 ag]sf efF8fat{g . tdGrf gf) [t) tdGr] ;fgf] aGbs ljNe lk:tf}n . td
) [;+) td;\] != cGwsf cFWoff] c1fg . @= kfk . #= tdf]u0f . td;s gf) [c) td:;s] C0f
Ln] ;fx"nfO{ cfk"mn] C0f lnPsf] k|df0f:jk n]lvlbg] sfut c;fdL ;fx"sf aLrsf] n]gb]g
;DaGwL k|df0fsf] lnvt . ~ kmf gf) td;sdf n]lvPadf]lhdsf] ;fFjfAofh rStf ePkl5 c;
nL hgfO{ lz Roft] c;fdLnfO{ g} lkmtf{ lbOg] td;s . { 6f]as } f]] != dl;g kfL ;t
L{ sf6] vbf]df tdfv gf) [kf]t) ksfO{ agfOPsf] j:t jf 8fF7;lxt s6] w"nf] agfOPsf
] sSs8 . @= tdfvsf] af]6 jf kft sfFrf]kft . > tdfv] lj) w]} tdfv vfg] tdfvsf] cDd
nL . tdfbL lj) [c)] xbDofb ;lsPsf] jf ulh|Psf] . tdfd lj) [c)] != ePhlt ;a} ;Dk"0f
{ . @= sfdsf 6\luPsf] ;dfKt vtd . > tdfdL gf) ;dfKt xg] jf 6\lug] l:ylt ;dflKt .
554

tdfn gf)[ ;+)] != ftf] k"mn kmNg], emKkfbf/ kmn kmNg] 7"n7"nf kft xg] ;bfaxf cUn
f] Ps v . @= ;lt;fn . #= t]hkft . $= sfFrf]kft ;tL{ . > tdfnL gf) l;KnLsfg tfd|jNnL
. tdf; gf) [tdf;f] cgf}7f] lsl;d jf 9fFrf pb]s . tdf;f gf) [c) tdfz] !=dg axnfpg]
b[Zo r6s ldtf hfqf cflb . @= cgf}7f] v]n dfOnf] 36gf jf sf . #= tdf; . > tdf;] lj)
df;f ePsf] 7fpFdf uP x]g{] ldt] hfq] . @= sg} 36gfdf cfk"m ;+nUg gxg] ;f] 36gf x6f
pg] pkfodf klg gnfuL dfOnf] dfq x] ] a:g] . #=tdf;f b]vfpg] . tld;| gf) [;+)] != cGw
sf cFWoff] td . @= c1fg . #= qmf]w l; . ~ kIf gf) s[i0fkIf . > tld;|f gf) s[i0fkIfs
Fw]L ft . td ;j{) [;+) Tjd\] != ltdL . @= tDd . td]/f] gf) [tfdf Pf]] tfdfsf efF8fs
8f agfpg] JolQm jf hflt tdf}6] . tdf]u0  f gf) [;+)] qmf]w, cfn:o, e|d, c1fg cflb
sf0faf6 k}bf xg] tyf lgs[i6 dflgg] Ps k|fs[lts u0f ;ju0f, hf]u0  f tdf]u0  fdW
o] Ps . > tdf]u0  fL lj) tdf]u0  f dVo ePsf] jf ;f] u0f cFufNg] . tdf]do lj) [
;+)] != tdn] elPsf] cGwsfk"0f{ . @= c1fgL . #= tdf]u0fL tfd;L . tdf]/ gf) [ef]) a) ]
pDe]s lxdfn nDaf;Daf lxdfnsf] hf]gL{af6 lg:s] c?0f gbLdf ldNg] sf];L gbLsf] ;x
fos gbL k|l;4 ;Ktsf];LdWo] Ps . tdf]nL gf) [;+) tfDa"n] kfg a]Rg] hflt jf JolQm kfg
k;n] axL . tdf}6 ] gf) [tfdf cf}6] ] tfdfsf] sfd u] a:g] sflnu8 9nf}6] efF8fsF8f agf
hflt jf JolQm . :qL) tdf}6]gL . tdf}/f] gf) [tfdf cf}f]] tfdfaf6 ag]sf], vf; uL k"hf
cfhfdf k|of]u xg] ;fgf] efF8f] . tDtof/ lj) [(l)) tof] != sg} sfdsfsf lglDt klxn]
bl] v tof xg] lansn 7Ls xg] . @= 7Ls7fs b?:t . > tDtof/L gf) tDtof xg] sfd tofL
a gf)afSnf] sk8fnfO{ ;fgf;fgf 76f uf8] 8f]Ln] tGsfO{ agfOPsf] c:yfoL a:g] 7fpF kfn
;fldofgf . tDd ;j{) [;+) Tjd\] kfgf] ;dosf :tltuLt jf ltgtfssf] ;Ddfgk"0f{ Jojx
fdf b]jb]jL, dfGohg cflbnfO{ xhsf] ;f6f] k|of]u ulg] cfbfyL{ zAb . tD;g c) lqm) !
} sfd ugf{sf nflu cl3 ;g{ tTk xg . @= x6xl6g ;xl6g . > tD;fO gf) tD;g] efj, l
qmof jf k|lqmof . tD;fOg s) lqm) tD;g nfOg . tD;fpg

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
555

touft/td;'s x'g'eP5 . ) t/s; gf) [kmf) ts{z] af0f xfn] lk7F"df lelg] 7f]qmf] . t/sf/L
f) [kmf) t/sf/L] != l3pt]n, g'gd;nf cflb xfnL ksfOPsf] ;fukft, u]8fu'8L, sGb cfl
b tsf{/L . @= To;/L ksfP/ vfOg] 8fF7, kft, k"mn, kmn, sGb cflb j:t', ;fukft . t/l
skt/lsa gf) [c) tsLa] != s'g} ljz]if rLh agfpg] sfObf 9
\u ;Lk . @= sfd ug]{ pkfo h'l
. t/Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") ts\s] != cfF;', kl;gf cflb r'x'g] jf txlg] eP . (pbf) sf9L t
kl;gf lbg ft 8f]sf], af]s] kgL pbut{ xG5 ef]sf] . t?0ftk;L . _ @= ss]{ cfFvfn] x]g]
{ lsl;dn] cfFvf tg]{ rfndf . (pbf) lagl;lQ csf{nfO{ lsg cfFvf tSs tg'{kof] < ) t/SsL
gf) [c)] kb, dfg cflbdf al9a9fp x'g] sfd pGglt j[l4 . t/v/ gf) [;+) tTk] != s'g} sfd
sf] yfNgL sfof{De . @=sfd ug]{ r]i6f tTktf . > t/v/fO gf) tv ug]{ sfd jf lsl;d . t/v
g' c) lqm) tvfpg] xf]Og' . tvfx6 gf) tvfpg] lsl;d jf cj:yf . t/vl/g' c) lqm) tTk
g' t/v/fpg' . t/vofO gf) tvlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . t/
\u gf) [;+)] != xfjf jf auf
] j]un] kfgLsf] ;txdf p7\g] nx 5fn . @= gbLsf] d'vdf Hjfsf] j]un] ubf{ p7]sf] kfgLs
f] vDaf . #= e"sDksf] nx . $= pT;fx, pd
\u, r~rntf cflbsf cj:yfdf dgdf p7\g] ts{ljt
s{ . %= ;
\uLtdf :jsf] ptfr9fj xb F f xg] sDkg :jnxL . ^= af}nL rfn 5fF6f . &= Wj
fz c klg k|;f0fof]Uo j:tsf] k|;fdf xg] lj:t[t k . dfnL gf) 5fn}5fnn] elPsf] kfg
7"nf] e08f ;db| . ~ ;~rf/0f gf) Wjlg, tfk, ljBt\ cflbsf nxsf] ult . > t/\uflot lj)
/\uoQm . t/\lu0fL gf) gbL vf]nf] . t/\lut lj) t\u rn]sf] nx p7]sf] . t/\uL lj)
xf . t/\Uofxf lj) t\uL ;GsL . ~ b}Wo{ gf) cfsfzdf k|;flt leGgleGg t\usf] nDafO (]
b|xn] a]Unfa]Un} t\ub}Wo{df sfo{qmd k|;flt ug]{ xgfn] ]l8of]df sfo{qmd ;dfpg ;Gg c
7ff] kb}{g . ) t/h gf) [c) th{] !=ufgfsf] no jf z}nL . @= k4lt 9\u . t/0f gf) [;+] !=
gbL tg]{ sfd tfO . @= gbL tg{ pkof]u ulg] 8\uf, gfp cflb ;fwg . #= :ju{ . $= p4f . >
t/0fL gf) != 8\uf jf gfp . @= l3psdfL . #= :ynsdn . t/td;s gf) [-l)_ td;s] n]gb]
g;DaGwL td;s cflb

k|]) lqm) tD;g nfpg tTk ufpg . tlD;g c) lqm) != sg} sfd ug{sf lglDt cl3 ;lg . @=
tD;g . tD:ofO gf) tlD;g] jf tD;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . tD:ofOnf] lj) tlD;g]
vfnsf] tTk cl3;f . tD:ofx6 gf) tlD;g] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . touf gf) [g]jf)] pmg ld
xftn] a'g]sf] asf]{h:tf] cf]9\g] sk8f dn]bf . to lj) [c)] != lgwf] ePsf] 7xlPsf] lglZ
rt . @= l;l4Psf] ;dfKt . gf) #= lgwf] 7x lg0f{o . to/ kfg gf) [;+ =t}n
\ufkfg] eftsf
w| k|b]zdf x'g] Ps hftsf] kfg . tof/ lj) [c)] != aGg'kg]{ s'g} j:t' ag]/ 7Ls ePsf
] b'?:t t}of/ . @= lxF8g \ ,] vfg], nfpg] cflb cfjZos sfds'fsf] 7Ls7fs tDtof/ . tof/
L gf) [tofO{] s'g} sfd yfNg'eGbf klxn] cfjZos ;;fdfg h'6fpg] sfd s'g} sfo{sf] pkfo jf
tlsf ldnfpg] sfd tof x'g rflxg] jf k|of]usf lglDt cfjZos kg]{ ;a} j:t'sf] hf]hfd .
~ ;ldlt gf) s'g} sfo{qmdsf] k|flDes ;~rfng tyf lgod, d;f}bf cflbsf] th'{df ug{sf l
glDt ag]sf] c:yfoL ;ldlt . ~ ;|]:tf gf) s'g} sfdsf] cfDbfgLvr{ tof kflPsf] ;|]:tf .
t/\g! ;) lqm) [;+) t0f g] !=vf]nfgfnf cflb kf ug{ . @= bMvsi6sf] a]nf l;l4g . #=
lkt[x dSt xg . t/\g@ ;) lqm) [;+) lt;\ g] s;}nfO{ l;n] cfFvf a\UofP x]g{ 58\
fn] x]g{ . t/\g# ;) lqm) [;+) tt > t 8 g] s;}sf] 5fnf sf9\g jf tfGg sf6\g 7Ls kf
g{ . (pbf) plxn]plxn] fhb|fx ] LxnfO{ ;hfo lbg 5fnf tg]{ ulGYof] . v;L sf6\g fd|L tg
{k5{, gq l5Gb}g) . t/! ;+of]) [;+) tlx{] To;f] xf] tfklg kGt lsGt . (pbf) d]xgt t l
gs} kof], t d"Nof\sg s:tf] xG5 yfxf 5}g .) t/@ gf)[ ;+)] != gbL, kn, af6f] cflb kf
ug]{ sfd tfO lxF8fO . @=af6f] . #= ljz]if0f zAbsf kl5lNt ufFl;P s;}sf] ck]Iff a9L u0
f ePsf] aemfpg] Ps k|Too (h:t} clwst, u?t, dxQ, a[xQ O) .) . t/# gf) [ t] != ttf
b"wdf dflylt nfUg] afSNff] kq b"wbxLdf hDg] ;fj:t . @= kfgL cflb tn j:tdf dflylt hd
]sf] 7fF6f] . #= sg} sfd sfsf] yfGsf] jf lylt tx . (pbf) slt lbgb]lv k|of; u] tfkl
g of] sfd t nfpg ;lsPg .) . t/$ lj) [kmf)] kfgL jf kl;gfn] lgyS | s leh]sf] lgyfr"
0f{ cfb|{ . -pbf) cfh lbpF;f]sf] udL{sf] s] aofg ug{, d t kl;gfn] t ePF . lbbL ahf
klg kUg gkfO{ kfgLn] t

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

t/tflstftl/ofg sfuh . t/tflstf gf) [(l)) tflstf] sg} sfdsf] l56f] k"f ug{ ulg] tfls
f cflb sfd x6x6L k|]0ff . t/lta gf) [c) ttLa] != ;/;fdfgx qmdk"js { 7Ls 7fpFdf /fVg
dnfpg] sfd OGthfd . @= sd ug]{ pkfo hlQm . t/g gf) [;+) t0f] != kf nfpg] sfd t0f .
lkt[p4f . tf/g gf) wfld{s ljZjf;cg;f lkt[sf gfpFdf ulg] tk{0f, lk08, bfgk0o cflb
sfd lkt[xsf] p4f sfo{ . t/gk]6 gf) [c\) 6Dk]6] safh, dfr{cflbdf ;nfdL lbFbf ahfOg] a
laun . t/k gf) Ps hftsf] l3f}Fnf . t/km gf) of]) [c)] st}kl sg}lt tkm{ . jf/ l
lng] cf8 lng] dbtuf . bf/L gf) s;}sf] kIf lng] sfd tkm lng] sfd lxdfot . t/a/ gf)
) t/\ c (l))] tnan]kg r~rntf ;uau . (pbf) ltd|f] ta b]v] ;a} 5Ss k5{g\ . ) > t/a/f
tafpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t/a/fOg c) lqm) ta ulg . t/a/fpg c) lqm) ta xg r~r
ufpg . t/a/fx6 gf) tafpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . t/al/g c) lqm) tafpg . t/a/
lj) ta ug]{ r~rn ;uau] . t/a/{ lqm) lj) af]8L, ds} cflb cgfh ;a} Ps;fy pd|g] lsl;d .
(pbf) afLdf ds} ta{ eO;s]5g\ . ) t/af/ gf) [;+) tjfl] sf6\g] sfddf pkof]u xg] nfdf]
ftnf] wflnf] kmnfd] xltof cl; v8\u tnjf/ . ~ aHg 6) ljho xg (lbJo)) . df k:g
8fOFdf lel8g (lbJo)) . t/af/] lj) [taf P] != taf;DaGwL jf tafsf] . @= tafsf 9fFrf
] . ~ kmn gf) tafsf 9fFrfsf kft xg], gLnf jf ftf sf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf T
;}sf] k"mn . ~l;dL gf) e]6g \ l} kR5] tLg tLgj6f kft xg], ftf k"mn kmNg], tafsf 9fF
rfsf sf];f nfUg], tsfL vfOg] Ps hftsf] l;dL . t/ahf] gf) [kmf) ta"h] k|foM anf}6] h
ldgdf xg] nxfdf kmNg], kx]Fnf], unfkmL jf ftf] sf] ulnof] ubL xg], vahf]h:t} 8
nf] 7"nf] kGofnf] kmn . t///t//{ lqm) lj) [c) t\ (;ft))] cfF;, kl;gf, kfgL cflb tn
kbfy{ rlxxg] uL . t/n lj) [;+)] != kfgL ePsf] jf kfgLh:tf] aUg] kGofnf] emf]n] . @=
:y eP gxg] r~rn . ~ OGwg gf) d6Lt]n, k]6f]n cflbh:tf aNg]afNg] sfddf k|of]u xg] kbfy
.
~
556

gogf lj) rnan] cfFvf ePsL (:qL) . ~ ;DklQ gf) != gub hDdf, 6]hL lan, ljb]zL Aof\ssf
] rNtL vftfdf x]sf] sd, Aof\sn] fi6Aof\sdf fv]sf] df}Hbft cflb . @= kfgL cflb tn k
j:t jf vfgLaf6 lg:sg] t]n, d6Lt]n cflb ;DklQ . > t/nLs/0f gf) afkm lr:ofP tn cj:y
fdf Nofpg] k|lqmof . t/x gf) [c)] != k|sf, efFtL jf 9\u . @= cj:yf xfn . t/fO gf) [ t
\tf/\ ( cfO)] != gbLgfnf cflb tg]{ jf tfg]{ lqm|of jf k|lqmof . @= cfFvf tg]{ efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof ssf{O . #= 5fnf tg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . $= l3pt]ndf tsfL e6g \ ]
lqmofk|lqmof . [>] t/fOg s) lqm) != gbLgfnf cflb kf ug{ nfOg . @= cfFvf tg]{ sfd
ufOg . #= 5fnf sf9\g nfOg . $= l3pt]n cflbdf tsfL e6fOg . t/fOnL lj) [tfO nL] !=
{df a:g] tfO{jf;L . gf) @= tfO{sf] afl;Gbf . t/fO{ gf) [ tn] kxf8dlgsf] kmflsnf] ;dtn
e"efu dw]; . t/fpg k|) ] lqm) [tf\t\ cfp g] != cfFvf tg{ nfpg . @= 5fnf sf9\g nfpg
#= vf]nfgfnf cflb tfg{ jf kf ug{ nfpg . $= l3pt]ndf tsfL e6\g nfpg . t/fh gf) [k
mf)] kmnfd] 8G8Ldf bO{lt ;f\nLn] c8\sfO{ hf]l8Psf kftfdf Psflt 9s csf{lt dfn fvL tf
ng] oGqljz]if tnf] . ~ lk gf) bOl{ t dflg; a;L v]Ng xg] Ps lsl;dsf] lk . t/fg gf)
;+) qf0f] != lafdL lgsf] ePkl5 la:tf} a9] cfpg] leqL tfut . @= Unflg x6fpg] zlQm jf
an . t/fgf gf) [kmf) tfg] != dgdf v]Ng] Psf]xf]f] wg . @= ;\uLtsf] :j ;fwgf ubf{ t
tfgfgfgf cflb zAbsf] ufog jf fucnfkfO . t/fj6 gf) [t\ cfj6] != leHg] jf lehfOsf] cj:y
f lunf]kg zLtntf . @= kli6sfs j:tsf] cfxf . > tfj6L gf) != tfutbf j:t kf}li6s cf
= ;;tf ld7f; . t/f; gf) [;+)qf;] != 8 eo . @= em:sf] sxfnL . tl/sf gf) [c) tLs] !=
sfd ug]{ ljlw, pkfo jf hlSt . @= sfdsf] ;Lk jf 9\u . #= Jojxfsf] lsl;d rfn . tl/tG
gd lj) [(l)) tGgd] wg;DklQ s]xL gePsf] l;LvL :jfxf ePsf] s\ufn . (pbf) afa v;]sf]
lbg gkUb} nR5 tltGgd eO;s] . ) tl/ofg gf) [tL ofg] tLsf] ;d"x . > tl/ofgL gf) 3f6 t
]{ dflg;n] 8\uf cflbff 3f6 kf ubf{ lbgkg]{ b:t gbLtfOsf] ef8f .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
557

t/Lt;{g lqm) != b]vs ] f] gb]Vo} uL lxF8fpg . @= rxfpg txofpg . #= ts{g nfpg tg

pg . tsf{tsL{ gf) l;n] k:kdf cfFvf tg]{ sfd . tls{g  c) lqm) [ts{ O g] x]) ts{g .
N { n] gf) [tn snf] P] cIfsf] tnlt lbOg] x|:j psfsf] lrXg (  ) . tsf]{ gf) [ ttsf]]
tls{g] sfd emsf]{ ttsf]{ . @= ss . tSo{ lj) [;+)] ts{ ug{ of]Uo ts{ ugk { g]{ ljj
Lo . tSof{O gf) [ tls{ ( ofO)] tls{g] sfd jf lsl;d . [>] tSof{x6 gf) tls{g] lsl;d j
f cj:yf . th{ gf) [c)] != agfj6 jf z}nLcg;f sg} j:tsf] cfsfk|sf jf :jk lsl;d . @=
o:tf] ljz]if 9fFrf jf k|0ffnL . #= ;\uLtsf] no jf z}nL . th{g gf) [;+)] != wDSofpg
] jf 8 b]vfpg] sfd . @= emkfg],{ km6\sfg],{ xkfg]{ sfd . > th{gL gf) a"9Lcf}n F fg
]sf] cf}Fnf] rf]cf}Fnf] . tlh{t lj) [;+)] 8 b]vfOPsf] wDsfOPsf] . thd { f gf) [c) t
{ ] !=sg} sfd ug{ yfNbf ulg] OlGthfd aGbf]a:t k|aGw . @= P]glgod cflbsf] d;f}bf .
tk{0f gf) [;+)] != :d[ltzf:qcg;f b]jtf, Clif lkt[xsf] gfpF lnP sz, ltn;lxt cFhnL
jf c3{ff kfgL r9fpg] sfd hnbfglqmof . @= t[Kt kfg]{ sfd . tk{g ;) lqm) [;+) tk{0f g
!= bfg ug{ ck{g . @= ;\sNk ug{ . #= dfof dfg{ . > tkf{O gf) tk{g] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . tkf{Og s) lqm) tk{g nfOg . tkf{pg k|]) lqm) tk{g nfpg . tlk{t lj) [;
+)] != tk{0f lbOPsf] . @= t[Kt ulPsf] . tlk{g  ;+) lqm) [tk{ O g] != tk{g . s) lqm)
@= tk{g] sfd ulg bfg ulg . tk{m gf) of]) [c) tkm] st}kl lt tkm . tofst?s lq
?s\ c] != ;fgf]ltgf] wff] jf l;sf]{ emg]{ uL . @= yf]} b"w lbg] j:t bxg] rfn;Fu .
#= b"w bxFbf lgyfg]{ u] . t/{ lqm) lj) [c) d")t\ ] cfF;, kl;gf, kfgL cflb tn kbfy
xg  ] jf emg]{ uL . (pbf) s]xL eGg gkfpFb} larLn] cfF; t{ v;fOg\ . 5fgfaf6 t{ kfgL
rlxof] .) tn{u \ tn{ \ lqm) lj) [c) d") tn{ \ u\] != hldgdf g6]sL emlG8P tn
flbdf kftnf] emf]n xg] lsl;dn] t\u|\ . tNof{tn{ lqm) lj) [(l)) tn{\ c] xnrn}
emlG8g] lsl;dn] . t;{g c) lqm) [;+) q;\ g] != sg} 8nfUbf] j:t b]v]

t/L gf) != pv afF; cflbsf cfFVnfsf aLrsf] efu . @= cf}Fnfdf bO{ cfFVnfn] 5fOPsf]
c+z . #= kf6f k]sf] efu v08 tx . $= cf}n, leqL db]; tfO{sf] h\un . t? gf) [;+] v
~ sf]6/ gf) vsf] 6f]8\sf] . ~ v08 gf) vxsf] ;d"x . t?0f lj) [;+)] != of}jg elPsf] o
g]L t?gf] . @= gofF tfhf . gf) #= ojf k?if . > t?l0fdf gf) t?gf]kg hjfgL . t?0fL lj
gjojtL t?gL kL . t?gf] lj) [;+)t?0f] t?0f hjfg tGg]L . :qL) t?gL . t?n gf) != kfg
tf kft xg] nxfdf luf kmNg] hfdf ljleGg sf vfg xg] sGb nfUg] Ps nx] jg:klt . @= To
f] ufg . #= ljz]if uL df3] ;\qmflGtdf vfOg] sGbd"n . $= nf]shLjgdf t?n jgt?nsf kdf
lrlgg] nx] sGbd"n . t/]nL gf) [t PnL] != tn j:t c8\g] ;fgf] v08 kq tx . (pbf) zLts
]kf cndlnof] k"mnsf] t]nLdf, ltd|f] cfF; l5k]sf] 5 d]} k]nLdf . dfwj l3ld] .) @= l;
nl;nf qmd . t/f] gf) [t\ cf]] dbfgLsf] 8f]L l5fpg] Kjfn . ts{ gf) [;+)] != sg} sf
O{ agaemfpgsf nflu ulg] olQmk"0f{ sf . @= csf] dt jf ljrfsf] v08g ug{ k|:tt ulg
Yok|df0f;lxtsf] ab F f . #= c\sn cgdfg uf} . $= 5nkmn ax; . %= jfbljjfb sNkgf cGbf
ts{g! c) lqm) [c) d") t\ s g] != s;}nfO{ b]v]sf] gb]Vo} u] lxF8\g kk} eP jf 5]
g kG5g . @= l;fP lxF8\g 6]l9g . #= 5ftf, ss{nfsf] kft, efF8f] cflbsf] kfgL ;Ss u
8] jf au] tn emg{ . ts{g@ c) lqm) [ tGs g] g;f cflb lvlrg jf tflgg . ts{gf gf) [
ts{0ff] != dgdf p7\g] ;f]rljrf ts{ . @= pkfo olSt . tsf{/L gf)x]) t/sf/L . ts{ ljt
s{ gf) [;+)] != k:kdf ulg] 5nkmn jfbljjfb ax; . @= dgdf sf v]nfO{ dg}df ljrf ug]{
ts{ ljBf gf) [;+)] ts{zf:q Gofozf:q . ts{ zf:q gf) [;+)] != ts{;DaGwL lgod, l;4fGt
cflbsf] lgk0f tyf ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q . ts{ ;\ut lj) [;+)] != ts{4ff l;4 ulPsf] (s
f dt) . @= olQmoQm . tsf{O gf) [ ts{tsf{p ( cfO)] != b]v]sf] gb]Vo} uL jf l;fP lxF8
] sfd . @= ts{g] tyf tsf{pg] lqmof jf k|lqmof kfgL cflb tn j:tsf] rxfO . #= lvF
Rg] sfd tgfO . [>] tsf{Og s) lqm) != b]v]sf] gb]Vo} uL lxF8fOg . @= rxfOg lgyflg
. #= ts{g nfOg tgfOg . tsf{pg k|) ]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

tntNnL 8fpg em;\u xg qf; dfGg . @= cfkb\ljkb\sf] z\sfn] em:sg jf cflQg sxflng
t;f{O gf) t;{g] sfd jf lsl;d . t;f{Og s) lqm) t;{g nfOg em:sfOg . t;f{pg k|) ]
lqm) t;{g] kfg{ em:sfpg . t;f{pg] lj) != qf; lbg] 8nfUbf] . gf) @= eok|b kdf sNkgf
ulPsf] k|]tof]lg xfp . t;f{xf lj) t;{g] vfnsf] bRsg] :jefjsf] bRsfxf . tl;{g  c) lqm
t;{g . t;j { f lj) t;{g] :jefjsf] bRsfxf t;f{xf . tn gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t, 7fpF
cflbsf] tNnf]efu eOv +{ 08 kLFw k]mb .@= xTs]nf] jf k}tfnf] . #= kf0fdf jl0f{t tn
sf ;ft nf]sdWo] Ps . $= lnN5ljsfndf ;Dd 7fpFdf cfafb ePsf ;+oQm u|fdnfO{ aemfp
g] zAb u|fd . %= jf:t jf d"lt{df k|of]u xg] kfFr dfqf jf kfFr c\unafasf] gfk . tn
s gf) of]) [ ts] ;Dd ko{Gt ts . (pbf) pgn] hUuf dfq xf]Og 3tns a]lr;s]5g\ .) tntn g
nan] cDdnsf] ;]jg ug]{ OR5f cDdnLnfO{ nfUg] lt;{gf t[i0ff tnan . tnlt/ lqm) lj) [tn lt
pRrf) tlNt klg . tNnfkl dlglt, dlGt . tnyf]KnL lj) [tn yf]Knf]] !=tn yf]Knf] ePsf]
Kn] . gf) @= j cIf lrgfpg] zAb . > tnyf]Kn] lj) ynyf]KnL . tna gf) [c)] != sg} klg s
d{rfLn] ;]jf u]afkt ;]jfsf] ;t{cg;f lgh x]sf] kbdf k|rlnt j]tg j[l4qmdcg;f Kffpg] s
jf ;ljwf dlxgfjfL tgvf j]tg . @= hjfkm lbgsf lglDt ulg] af]nfj6 jf dfu . ~ sL gf)
rfLsf] xflh gku]sf lbgsf] cyjf c sf0fn] sL xg] tnasf] sd k"f tna gkfO{ sd tna kfp
d . bf/ lj) != tna vfP sfd ug]{ hflubf . @= af]nfpg] jf 8fSg] . ~ /f]Ssf gf) cfrf;
sg} sfo{sf0fn] sg} sd{rfLsf] tna f]lsg] sfd . tnan gf) [lx) tna]nL] ef]s, ltvf{ c
flbaf6 xg] Jofsntf 56k6L . > tnanfO gf) tnanfpg] sfd jf lsl;d . tnanfOg c) lqm)
tnanfpg] xf]Og . tnanfpg c) lqm) ef]s, ltvf{ cflb vKg g;s] 56k6fpg ef]sltvf{n] J
ofsn xg . tna j[l4 gf) [tna j[l4] sd{rfLn] vfOkfOcfPsf] tnadf k|rlnt j[l4qmd jf l
godcg;f ylkg] sfd dfl;s tnadf xg] j[l4 . ~ qmd gf) ljleGg kbsf sd{rfLxsf] ;? tna,
jflif{s j[l4 clGtd c\s vnfOPsf] baGbL (k] :s]n) . tnafgf gf) [kmf) tnafg] != cbfnt
df ;fIfLxnfO{ 8fSg nufpgsf nflu nfUg] sd jf b:t . lj) @= tna;DaGwL tnasf] .
558

tnaL lj) [tna O{] != tna;DaGwL tna kfpg] jf tnadf a;]sf] . @= sg} hjfkm lngkg]{ sf
sf] dfu ulPsf] jf To;sf lglDt af]nfOPsf] . F f] 36La9L tnljtn . tndfly gf) [tn dfly] p
Fwf]pe tnjf/ gf)x]) t/af/ . tn ljtn gf) [;+] != sg} z\sfhgs cj:yfsf] ;\s]t . @= xf]
rLc3]{nL prgLr . #= 36La9L nfexflg . tn:jfdL gf) [;+)] tn jf u|fdsf] ]vb]v ug]{ clws
fL, tnklt . tnf gf)x]) tnf] . tnfp gf) [;+) tNn] 7"nf] kf]vL tfn hnfzo . tnftn gf) [
kf0fdf jl0f{t tnsf ;ft nf]sdWo] Ps . tnf;! gf) [t)] sg} sfsf] vf]hva cg;Gwfg .
> tnf;L gf) rf] jf ckfwLn] l5kfPsf j:tx z\sf nfu]sf 7fpFdf vf]Hg] sfd s]xL nsfO{ No
Psf] 5 ls egL cf, dfn;fdfg cflb vf]n] hfFRg] sfd tfobftL vf]hL . tnf;@ gf) [kmf) tfz]
!= skfn sf]L ;DDofpg] sfd skfn tnf:g] sfd . @= ;hfj6 z[\uf 7fF6 . > tnf:g ;+) lqm)
skfn sf]] ;DDofpg tnf; ug{ . @= l;Fuf ug{ ;lh;hfp kfg{ . tnL gf) [tn O{] uf]? hf
f xnLn] uf]?nfO{ tnlt nufpg eGg] zAb . tnjf gf) [tn pjf] hQfsf] tnlt xg], 6]lsg] kf6
f] . tn] lj) [tn P] tnf ePsf] tnfjfn tnftnf k]sf] tn}tnf ePsf] . tn]h  tn]Ho" gf) [
nhf Ho"] g]kfnsL fHonIdLsf kdf dflgPsL Ps k|l;4 b]jL tnhf . tn]qf] gf) [tn Pqf]] != c
]5fgdlg jf 8;gfsf] tn la5fOg] ;tGhf, ;sn  cflb . @= la:sg ;sfpFbf dfGb|fsf] tn f
lvg] uGb|L cflb . tn];Nnf] gf) [tn] ;Nnf]] tn}tnf k] xfFuf lg:sg] dl;gf kft xg] Ps
hftsf] ;Nnf] . tn} tnf gf) [tnf tnf] != w]} tnf jf v08 . @= yfs}yfs tx}tx . tn}of lj)
[tfn P]of] != tfnsf] tfn;DaGwL . gf) @ tnfp . ~ df6f] gf) tfnsf] kLFwdf hd]sf] df6f]
. tnf] gf) [;+) tn] 3, dlGb cflbdf tn, dfly, cUnf], xf]rf], l5F8L, rf]6f], aOFun
cflbsf ljrfn] bO{ tLg jf w]} v08 kfL agfOPsf] Pp6f tx jf efu tnf . -h:tf] eO{Ftnf],
dflyNnf] tnf], aLr tnf] cflb ._ . tnf]ljGb gf) [;+)] k}tnfdlgsf] sg} ljGb lzf]l
jGbsf] pN6f] l:ylt . tNnL lj) [tNnf] O{] != kl5Nnf] . (pbf) eflghnfO{ tNnL

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
559

tNnLgtft sfafO{df df}sft}sft, ;h{ldg ug]{ tyf c ;a'b, k|df0f h'6fpg] sfd . @= kSsfkS
sL to hfFr vf]h . txvfgf gf) [kmf) txvfg] hldgdlg agfOPsf] sf]7f jf a:g] 7fpF ;'?
3 .
ax gf) [(l)) tx] s'g} j:t' jf s'f tx nufpg] sfd lyltlalt aGbf]a:t . tx latx gf) [kmf)
;Dd k]sf] ;Dd gk]sf] jf cUnf] xf]rf] ePsf] 7fpF jf hldg . (pbf) 7nf] wff nfUof] tx
atx x]b}{ hldgsf] . n]vgfy, t?0ftk;L .) . txlan gf) [c) txjLn] != cfvfgfxsf] ?lkofFk
fVg] 9s6  L . @= sg} sfdsf nflu s;}sf] lhDdfdf x]sf] ?lkofF . bf/ gf)txlansf] l
hDdf lng] jf txlan;DaGwL sfd ug]{ sd{rfL . bf/L gf) txlanbfsf] sfd jf kb . txl/g c)
lqm) [txf] O g] leh]sf sg} j:taf6 kfgL Psf]xf]lP rlxg kfgL ts]{ jf t k] hfg
klg ;a} cfpg . txl// gf) [c) txL] kfgf] rngcg;f lghfdtL sd{rfLsf] xflsddlgsf] Ps b
f{ xflsdeGbf tNnf] dVo sflGbf . tx/f] gf) [ t] kfgLsf] bsf]{ em/ . txofO gf) [ tx
!= txlg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [txofp cfO] @= txofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] txofOg s)
qm) kfgL lgyflg tsf{Og . txofpg k|) ] lqm) kfgL lgyfg,{ tsf{pg . txNsf gf) [c) t
xNs] sg} sfo{sf0faf6 xg] rsf]{ vnan v}nfa}nf xNnfvNnf . (pbf) cr]n htftt} dxFuLsf]
dfn] txNsf dlRrPsf] 5 . ) tx;gx; gf) [(l)) c) gx;] lau|], eTs], gfl;P cflb lsl;dn] :
fxf xg] l:ylt vQd . txl;n gf) [c) tx;Ln] != p7tLk7tL jf c;npk ug]{ sfd . @= To:t
f] sfd ug]{ cf . bf/ gf) ;sfL sdsnd, dfnkf]t cflb p7fpg] jf c;npk ug]{ JolQm To:t
d ug]{ sd{rfLsf] bhf{ . bf/L gf) txl;nbfsf] sfd jf bhf{ . txfn lj) [tx cfn] tx}tx k
f] kq] . tlxn] lqm) lj) [;+) tbf] To; a]nf Toltv] . tf! k|To) [;+)] gfd jf ljz]if0f z
Absf k5fl8 ufFl;P efjjfrs gfd aGg] Ps k|Too (h:tf] dfgjtf, gd|tf, sf]dntf O) .) .
tf@ lgkf) sg} zAb jf jfSodf hf]8 lbgsf nflu k|oQ  m xg] zAb t . (pbf) sf] tf 7Ls
} xf], sfd klg xgkof] . dfGb}g tf ;Demfpm, hfGb}g tf aemfpm . ) tfuf gf) [ 6fFuf]
6fFuf 6d6d . tft gf) [;+) tGt'] kz'sf g;f, cfGb|f cflb af6] agfOPsf]

j]b lg d'vfu| 5 .) @= tnsf] . (pbf)kNnLa];Ldf eGbf {] sf tNnLa];Ldf wfg w]} x'G5 .

) ~ j]b gf) z'Sn oh'jb PSsfO;f}F cWofob]lv rfnL;f}F cWofo;Ddsf] pQv08 . tNnLg lj) [
;+)] s'g} sfddf PslrQ eP nfu]sf] tgdg lbPsf] Psfu| ePsf] . tNnL la; gf) [tNnLaL;] !=
kl5Nnf] aL; . @= rfnL; cWofo j]bsf] pQfw{ kl5Nnf] aL; cWofo j]b . tNnL a];L gf) [tN
nLa];L] tn kg]{ a];Lsf] gfpF k'5fsf] a];L . tNnf] lj) [tnnf]] != tnltsf] dlGtsf] .
Dg sf]l6sf] . tlN;
gf) [c) tx;Ln] 7]lsPsf] afnL lng] uL df]xLnfO{ hUuf sdfpg lbg] J
olQm hUufwgL . ~ af]6L gf) hUufwgLn] hUuf sdfpg] df]xLaf6 kfpg] afnL jf 7]s . tj/ g
f) [c) tf}] != lsl;d efFtL . @= pkfo tlsf . #= rfnrng afgLa]xf] . t; ;j{) [ To;] .
h;t;nfO{ af]nfP sfd aGb}g kSsf dflg; rflxG5 .) t;y{ ;+of]) [To;cy{] To;sf0f To;p;n] .
t;la/ gf)x]) tl:a/ . t;nf gf) [kmf)tZt] kmflsnf] kLFw sf]vf k]sf] v'nf d'v x'g] eft
cflb ksfOg] lkQn, tfdf cflbsf] efF8f] . t;Nnt;NnL gf) [c)] != s'g} sfd s'fsf] aGbf]
a:t jf ;;Nnfx 7Ls7fs . (pbf)clxn];Dd 3df b;}s F f] lsgd]n ug]a { f] t;Nnt;NnL ePsf] 5
g .) @= ;fGTjgf w}o{ 9f8; . t;} lqm) lj) [To;f]P]] To;f] g} To;} . (pbf) h;f] eG5g\ t
} ;xL u] sxfF x'G5 ) . t:s/ gf) [;+)] !=cj}w lsl;dsf tyf d"Nojfg\ j:t'xsf] rf]Llgsf;L
ug]{ rf] . @= lx+;s | h
\unL kz' (af3, lrt'jf cflb .) ~ Jofkf/ gf) b]jb]jLsf k|frLg
d"lt{x ufFhf, r];h:tf gzfbf j:t' cflb ax'dN " o cj}w ;fdfgxsf] rf]Llgsf;L uL n'sLl
lg] Jofkf . t:tf] lj) [To:tf]] Tof]h:tf] To:tf] . (pbf) of] n]v h:tfsf] t:tf] 5flklbg
'eP a]; x'g]5 .) tl:a/ gf) [c) t:jL] != Sofdfff lvFlrg] s'g} 7fpF, j:t', b[Zo,dflg; c
flbsf] lrq kmf]6f] t;la/ . @= sfut, sk8f cflbdf
e] jf cGo s'g} ;fwg tyf ;Lkn] agfOg]
To:t} lsl;dsf] cfs[lt lrq a'f . t:d} gf) [;+)] vL kfo; . tx gf) [kmf)] !=s'g} lqmofs
jf j:t'sf] lgwf{lt :t jf :yfg . @= sfdsf] 7Ls rfFhf]kfFhf] . #= k'ftjsf cg';f pTvgg
u]sf s'08sf] ulxfOdf x]sf] df6f] cflb j:t'sf] Pskl5 csf]{ vflkP x]sf] nx s'08df x]s
b]lv dfly;Dd :ki6 b]lvg] hldgsf] kq}kq . $= vft rf
, kq . txlssft gf) [kmf) txsLs >
txsLsft] != sfg'gL

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65

tftLtf8s 8f]L jf tf . tftL gf) [;+) tlt] != k
\lSt nsf]{ nx (h:tf] hGtLsf] tfFtL,
fFtL O) .) . @= cfafhf], ;f
\uL cflbdf xflng] afv|fsf] cfGb|f] af6] agfOPsf] tf . tfbf
gf) [;+) tGt'] wg'sf b'j} 6'Kkfdf afFw] tfGg] 8f]L . tfaf] gf) [tfdfcf]] tfdf . tfM g
) [g]jf)] rof{uLt, g[To ehgxdf ahfOg] d'h'feGbf ;fgf] afhf d~hL afhf . tfO gf) [kmf
fa] != zlSt jf k'mtL{ kfOF, tfut . @= 3dG8, ;]vL . kmfOF gf) lgs} k'mtL{ b]vfpg] s
fd k'mtL{kmftL{, r'Lk'mL . (pbf) dfG5] ;fgf] eP tfklg pgL lgs} tfOFkmfOF ubf{ x]5g\ .
) . tfOlrg gf) [lrlg)] xf]rf] af]6 x'g] k|z:t dfqfdf kmNg], emG8} tLg dlxgfdf kfS
g] ;lhn};u F gemg]{ Ps k|sfsf] wfg . tfOtfKs] gf) [tfOtfKs]] tfKs]h:tf] t pQfgf] k]sf
] laF8 nfdf] x'g] jf b'O{lt s8f ePsf], tfKs]sf] sfd;d]t lbg] efF8f] tfO{ . tfO{ gf)
[k|f)] ;]n, f]6L cflb ksfpg k|of]u ulg], kLFw ;Dd eO{ ;f]emf];Fu la6 p7]sf] pQfgf
] k]sf] laF8jfn kmnfd] efF8f] . sf] k'm/f}nf] lj) Ifl0fs k'mtL{ b]vfP dSv kg]{ (Jol
Qm) (pbf) s:tfs:tf sxfF uP, of] tfO{sf] kmf}nf]n] s] unf{ <) . tfp! gf) [kmf) tf] s
futsf] gk6fOPsf] l;\uf] kq . tfp@ gf) [k|f) tfj] f]6L ksfOg], af6nf] kmnfd] jf 9u \
] kftf] tfjf . tfp# gf) [kmf) tfa] != cdf k|efj kfg{ jf f]a hdfpg kmtL{;Fu hFuf d
;fg]{ sfd ;]vL ug]{ rfn 3dG8 . @= ttfP nuf ;DDofpg] Ps lsl;dsf] O:qLh:tf] kmnfd]
;fwg . #= cfFr tfk . tfp/ dfp/ gf) [(l)) dfp] lxF8fO, sfdufO cflbsf] tfn; kmtL{;fy
tv . (pbf) zflGtsf] lax]sf] lbg pgsL lbbLsf] tfpdfp s;n] x]lb]cf];\ tkfO{F t hfqf
{ hfg] tfpdfpdf kf] nfUgeP5 .) . tfpnL gf) [tfpnf] O{] ;fgf] tfpnf] . tfpnf] gf) [;+)
tftn] eft, vf]n] cflb ksfpg] ;fwf0f demf}nf vfnsf] tfdf, lkQn cflbsf] efF8f] . t
fs\g ;) lqm) != sg} sfsf] rfxgf ug{ lrtfpg . @= sg} 7fpF jf j:tnfO{ Ps6s nfP x
]g{ lgofNg . #= xfn]sf] 7fpFdf nfUg] lsl;dn] ;f]emf] kf] x]g{ nIo ug{ lg;fgf ;f]o
pg . $= df}sf kv]{ al;xg . tfs gf) [ tfs\ c] != cj; df}sf (pbf) pgL 5f]fsf] lax]
sdf 5g\ . ) . @= p2]Zo nIo (pbf) tfs fd|f] ePkl5 sfd klg ;kmn xG5 .) . #= x]fO b[li6
(pbf)
560

Ps} tfsdf sfG5f]l;t ktnL df]lxt eO5 .) . gf) of]) $= F fs xfd|f] e]6 xG5 .) .
5f]kj  f lt 5]s (pbf) ca b;}t lj) tfs 5f]Kg] cj;jfbL . tfst/x gf) [tfs tx] sfdsf]
k"j { k ;;f . tfsf gf) of]) [tfs cf] tfs 5]s . tfsftfs gf) [tfs tfs] != k:kdf tf
f 5f]Kg] sfd . (pbf) ltgLx ofndf a;] tfsftfs ulx]5g\ .) @=;fx|} xtf jf vfFrf] . (pbf
f] v]tLsf] s:tf] tfsftfs k]sf] a]nf db]; gemL ;v kfOPg . tflstf gf) [c) tfsLb] ug
k { g]{ jf ;? ePsf] sfd rfF8f] ;SgnfO{ nufOg] cfQL sfd l56} 6U \ ofpgsf lglDt ulg
] xtff] tsfhf . > tflstL gf) tflstf . tflsg s) lqm) [tfs\ O g] tfSg] sfd ulg nIo u
tfSdf? gf) l56} kfSg] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] wfg . tfv gf) [ef]) a)] pmg sfTg] Ps k|sfsf
] xft] ;fwg . tfut gf) [c) tfst] k|f0fLsf] zLdf ;l~rt zlQm ;fdYo{ an . bf/ lj) !=tf
ePsf] alnof] . @= tfut lbg] tfultnf] (kf}li6s vfg]sf cflb) . j/ lj) zlQmzfnL alnof]
. > tfultnf] lj) != tfut ePsf] alnof] . @= tfut lbg], kf}li6s . tfutL lj) tfut nfUg
] tfultnf] . tfuf gf) [k|f) tUu] != hg} . @= wfuf] . wf/L gf) != hg} nfpg] hflt lhfl
. lj) @= hg} nfpg] . tfuf] tuf/f] gf) [(l)) tuff]] 3hUufsf] ;fFwl;dfgf af jf uf}F8f
tf5\g ;) lqm) [;+) tIf g] !=xltofff sg} klg j:tsf] aflxL efu (tfnf, af]qmf cflb)
s{g af]qmf kmfNg . @= vofpg t5fg{ . > tf5t5 gf) tf5\g] vs{g] sfd . tfh gf) [k
f)] != fhds6 lzk]r . @= ulGhkmfsf] Ps . #= c;n pDbf . tfhg gf) [kmf)] 3f]8fnfO{ l
g] tx nfpg] 58L . tfhf lj) [kmf)] != g;]nfPsf] jf af;L gePsf] ;fhL (vfg]s  f) . @=
ev{ l6k] NofOPsf] gcf]OnfPsf] (kmnk"mn) . #= cfnf] tfhf (sf, va cflb) . tfhL gf) [
)] != ca b]zdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] 3f]8f . @= Ps hftsf] 3kfnjf ss . tfhktfha lj) [km
f) tfa"atcHh"a] != 5s kfg]{ cgf}7f] vfnsf] . gf) @= crDd cfZro{ 5Ss . tf8\g ;) lqm)
;)tfO g] != uKt kdf x]sf] jf yfxf gePsf] sf] kQf nfpg kfv ug{ . @= s:tf] x]5 eGg
f] vfpg nv ug{ cgdfg ug{ c8sNg . tf8 gf) [;+)tfn] xfFuflaFuf gxg], ;f]emf] 6
fdf 7"n7"nf kft xg] tuh:tf] Ps v . tf8s lj) [;+)] tf8g ug]{ k|xf ug]{ lk6\g] .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
561

tf8sftflGqs tfljs lj) [;+)] !=tj1fgn] oSt tj;DaGwL . @= jf:tljs oyfy{ . tfbft gf)
cbfb] kldf0f ;\Vof uGtL . (pbf) efif0f ;Gg 7"nf] tfbftdf dflg;xsf] eL8 lyof] .) tfbf
Do gf) [;+)] Pp6f j:t csf]{ j:t;u F ldn] Ps xg] sfd jf cj:yf ce]b ld>0f jf ;DaGw
. tfbL lqm) lj) [;+)t2Lg] != w]} klxn] cl3cl3 plxn] . gf) @= lat]sf] ;do . tfb[z lj)
[;+)] b]vfPh:t} Tof]h:t} To:t} cgk . tfg\g ;+) lqm) [;+) tg\ g] != cfk"mkl Nofpg
, l3RRofpg . @= cfgf] dt jf kIfdf Nofpg cfslif{t ug{ . #= tGsfpg yTg . tfg gf
) [;+)] != sk8f aGg] 3]n oGqljz]if . @= sk8f aGg k}mnfOPsf] wfuf] . #= k}mnfj6
, lj:tf . $= dgsf] Ps; . %= ;\uLtsf s]xL :jnfO{ Ps;fy ahfpg] jf ufpg] sfd cfnfk . t
g gf) !=tfGg]jg]{ sfd . @=antn uL jf lhgltg kofpg] sfd . #= 3sf] dl;g sfd . k/f g
) rfj6f tf nfu]sf], kbf{ gePsf], ufpFbf :j lbg] l;tfh:tf] jfBljz]if . tfg;]g gf) != g
]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn If]qdf nlDagL c~rnleq kg]{ kfNkf lhNnfsf] ;bdsfd . @= dun ;d
|f6\ csasf] bafsf gjTgdWo]sf Ps tyf k|l;4 ufos . tfgf! gf) [;+) tfg] != nosf] lj:tfsf
lglDt n]3|f] tfGg] rfn cfnfk . @=dgsf] nx8 af]nL wg . #= fn, l;Fufgh:tf lrKnf j:ts
f] ldlxg tGt 8f]L . tfgf@ gf) [c) tcgM] 5]8k]r xflgg] af]nfO Jo\Uo 5gs . ~s:g 6)
k]r xfGg cfIf]k ug{ . tfgftfg gf) [tfg\ cf tfg\ c] k:kdf h;n] ;Sof] p;n] tfGg] sfd b
sf aLrsf] tgfO lvrftfgL . > tfgftfgL gf) tfgftfg . tfgfafgf gf) [;+) tfg+ jog] sk8fsf
] tfg agf]6 tgf}6f] agf}6f] . tfgfdfgf gf) [ tfgfafgf] h\uLlghfdtL sd{rfLxsf] l
kuL, k]6L cflb klxg jf lrXg . tfgf;fx gf) [kmf)] lg\sz jf :j]R5frfL zf;s . > tfgf;f
L gf) fHosf] ;Dk"0f{ clwsf Pp6} JolQmdf lglxt xg] fHoJoj:yf clwgfosjfb . tflgg s) l
[tfg\ O g] tfGg] sfd ulg[ lvlrg . tfg]tg] gf) [ tfgtg] !=sg} lsl;dn] ulg] sfd
sfd tfgtg . lj) @= lhgltg sfdrnfp xg] ;fgf]ltgf] . tfg]dfg] gf) [tfgfdfgf] ;fgf]
ltgf] vfnsf] sfdwGbf cNofdNof xg] sfd . tflGqs gf) [;+)] != tGqdGq hfGg] jf To;sf]
k|of]u ug]{

tf8sf gf)[ ;+)] fdfo0fdf jl0f{t fdrGb|ff dflPsL Ps k|l;4 fIf;L . tf8gtf8gf gf) [;+
6Llk6L tx nufpg] sfd s6fO . @= ;kfg]{ p2]Zon] lbOg] zf;gf rf]6 ;hfo . tf8gL gf) [;
+)] sf]f{ . tf8kq gf) [tf8 kq] != tf8j[Ifsf] kft (o;df k|frLg sfndf u|Gyx n]lvGy] .)
@= sfgsf nf]tLdf emlG8g] uL nufOg] uxgfljz]if . tfl8t lj) [;+)] zf;gf lbOPsf] lkl6
Psf] . tfl8g s) lqm) [tf8\ O g] tf8\g] sfd ulg lkl6g . tf8L gf) [;+)] !=tf8sf] v .
tf8sf] vaf6 lgsflng] Ps lsl;dsf] gzfbf ; jf dB . tf08j gf) [;+)] pk|mfOsbfO a];L x
g] lzjsf] k|l;4 g[To k?ifn] gfRg] pb\wt g[To . tft gf) [;+)] != lktf afa . @=cfb0f
Lo JolSt jf dfGohg . #= cfk"meGbf ;fgf] JolQmnfO{ :g]xk"j{s ulg] ;Daf]wg . tftfkf
gL gf) [tftf] kfgL] != hldgdlgaf6 uGws, rg cflbsf] ;+of]un] tft] lg:s]sf] kfgL . @=
sf7df8f}a F f6 rLgsf] ltAatL If]qdf hfg] af6f]df kg]{ ldt]L ;fF3s  f] glhs} clgsf
] fhdfu{sf] 5]j}df x]sf] To:tf] kfgL ePsf] k|l;4 7fpF . tfltg c) lqm) [tft\ O g] tftf
] xf]Og uld{g . tfltn gf) [c) tftLn] cfvfgfxdf labf ePsf] lbg 5L tft]n . tftLtft
[;+) tflt] la:tf} lxF8\g] sfd lxF8fO (afnaf]nLdf) . tftf] gf)x]) tfltn . tftf] lj) [
;+) tKt] != cfuf], 3fd cflbsf] fk ePsf] tft]sf] udL{ . @= zLdf xg] dwf] pi0ftfsf ls
;dsf] Gofgf] . gf) #= kf]Ng] jf 8fDg] cfFr pi0ftf ud tfk . $= sfdsf] pT;fx jf hfFu .
5f/f] gf) tftf] klg 5ff] klg dxjxLg l:ylt . ~ g 5f/f] lj) s]xL g s]xL ;f gePsf] . ~
fgf] gf) != tftf] vfg]s  f Gofgf] j:q . @= tftf] Gofgf] . ~/ ut gf) ev{} lg:s]sf]
f cfnf] ut hf]; l;df pDng] ut . ~ l/; gf) em8\u p7]sf] l; . tft\g c) lqm) [tftf
uf], 3fd cflbn] tftf] xg udf{pg . @= sg} sf0fn] s;};u F l;fpg emf]lsg . #= sg
} sfdsf lglDt cfF6] tTk xg . tfTsflns lj) [;+)] To; ;dosf] ToxL avtsf] . tfQft} lqm
) lj) [tfQftf] P]] t?Gtft?GtL plTgv]} tTsfn . tfQftf] lj) [tftf] tftf]] clncln tftf]
tftf] . tfTko{ gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsfsf] leqL clek|fo dtna cfzo . @= ufF7L sf] . >
tfTkof{y{ gf) jfRofy{eGbf a]Un}cy{ Jo\Uofy{ .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

tfGb|f ] tfd| JolQm tGqzf:q hfGg] JolQm . lj) @= tGqzf:qsf] tGq;DaGwL . tfGb|f ] gf)
[;+) tGt] != ;fukft, 3fF;, kfn cflbsf] Pp6f af]6 jf kft TofGb|f] . @= ;fgf] wf] j
f 8f]f] . tfk\g ;) lqm) [;+) tfk g] != zLdf 3fdsf] kfxf jf cfufsf] fk lng hLp t
@= ysfO, udL{ cflb d]6\g dwf] xfjf jf zLtntfsf] ;]jg ug{ . tfk gf) [;+)] != kf]
Ng], ttfpg] jf ;\3if{0faf6 k|fKt xg] zlQm . @= tftf]kg udL{ pi0ftf . #= dfgl;s bM
v jf kL ;Gtfk . $= Hj . ~ pmhf{ gf) tfkaf6 lg:sg] zlSt . > tfks lj) tfk lbg] tftf] u
] udL{ r9fpg] . qmd gf) != pi0ftf jf tftf]kg 36La9L xg] qmd ;"o{af6 k|fKt xg] udL
{ . @= ydf{ld6ff x]lg] tfksf] kldf0f . qo gf) cflwb}ljs, cflwef}lts cfWoflTds tLg
Mv . tfkg gf) != sfdb]jsf kfFr af0fdWo] Ps . @= tfk . tfklg ;+of]) [tf klg] To;f] eP
klg t}klg tyflk (pbf) pgn] eg] tfklg of] sfd ug{ ;lsPg .) . tfk kl/dfks gf) [;+)] t
fksf] kldf0f gfKg k|of]u ulg] j}1flgs pks0f . tfkdfg gf) [;+)] jfod08ndf xg] jf zLd
g] tfksf] dfqf . ~ oGq gf) To:tf] tfk gfKg] j}1flgs oGq l8u|L ydf{ld6 . tfk dfks lj)
[;+)] tfk jf tfkqmd gfKg] . ~ oGq gf) @= tfk gfKg] ;fwg jf oGq . tfk ;+jfxg gf) [
;+)] udL{ tndfly ;g]{ k|lqmof . tfk; gf) [;+)] != tk:of ug]{ JolSt tk:jL . lj) @= t
k:of;DaGwL tk:ofsf] tk:ofdf nfu]sf] . tfk;~rfng gf) [;+)] Ps j:taf6 ;Fu}sf] csf]{
j:tdf tfk ;b}{hfg] k|lqmof . tfkfGt/ gf) [;+)] sg} vf; cjlwleq xg] clwstd Go"g
td tfksf] cGt . tflkt lj) [;+)] tftf] kflPsf] ttfOPsf] . tflkg s) lqm) [tfk\ O g ] t
sfd ulg . tfkL lj) [;+)] != tfk lbg] ttfpg] . @= bMv, kL lbg] . tfKs] gf) [;+) tfks
] ltxgtsfL ksfOg] laF8 ePsf] kmnfd] efF8f] . tfk|] gf) [tfk|f] P] != d]yLsf h:tf kft
xg] kx]n F f k"mn kmNg], tg]af]8Lsf h:tf sf];f kmNg] tyf ;"o{ pbfpFbf kft kmqm
g] c:tfpFbf kft hf]lg] Ps k|sfsf] emf . lj) @= bAnfPsf] k]6 ;s]sf] . tfKn]h gf)
]) a)] g]kfnsf] k"jf{~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ d]rL c~rnsf] ;b " pQk"jL{ efudf l:yt,
rLg b]z;Fu
562

l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . tfa]bf/ lj) [c) tfa] kmf) bf] != csf] cwLgdf xg] tyf
cf1fkfng ug]{ . gf) @=gf]s ;]js . > tfa]bf/L gf) bfa]bfsf] sfd ;]jf gf]sL . tfdlrg
[c) tfd kmf) rLg] leqkl ;]tf] aflxkl sfnf] xg] efF8fsF8f agfpg] wft To:tf] f]ug n
Psf efF8f ag]sf] l6g lrlgofF f]ug . tfdbfg gf) [c) tfd kmf) bfg] dflg;n] af]s] rnfOg]
Ps lsl;dsf] ;jfL ;fwg plnGsf7 . tfd; gf) [;+)] !=tdf]u0  f xgs ] f] :jefj cxdTofOF
cledfg 3dG8 . lj) @= tdf]u0  f a];L ePsf] tdf]u0  fL . > tfdl;s lj) tdf]u0  f;Da
GwL tdf]u0  f ePsf] . tfd;L lj) tdf]u0  fL cledfgL . tfdf! gf) != tsfL vfOg] cldnf]
:jfb ePsf] Ps yL afF;sf] slnnf] 6;fsf] rsgf . @= xfFuf kft gcfpGh]nsf cj:yfsf] a
fF;sf] 6;f] jf dg . tfdf@ gf) [;+ tfd|] yf]} ftf]ftf] sf] xg] Ps k|l;4 vlgh wft
d| tfFaf . sf];L gf) ef]6df d"n ePsf], g]kfnsf] k"jL{ kxf8L If]qdf aUg] ;Ktsf];LdW
o]sf] Ps gbL . tfdf gf) [ef]) a) ] k|foM g]kfnsf] pQ k"jL{ kxf8L efudf a:g] Ps hflt
. ~ ;]nf] gf) tfdf hfltn] ufpg], r0fdf ;ft jf cf7 cIf ePsf] nf]suLtsf] Ps no . tfdf
af; gf) [tfdfafF;] tfdfsf rsgf agfOg] slnnf] afF; Ps k|sfsf] afF; . tfldntfldnL gf)
tfd]n . tfd] lj) [tfdfP] !=tfdf wft'sf] jf tfdfh:tf] tfd|;DaGwL . @= tfdfsf] h:tf]

ePsf] . ~ 9's/ ' gf) KjfFvdf ftfftf l5sf{ x'g] 7"nf] hftsf] 9's' . tfd]n gf) [c)
Ln] != sfdsf] ;dflKt tofL tfldntfldnL . @= cf1fkfng . > tfd]nL gf) tfd]n ug]{ sfd jf
cj:yf sfd k"f ePsf] l:ylt tfldnL . tfd]; gf) d'h'sf k'R5em}F p7]sf], uhfn] ]6] ahfO
w|j6f tf nfu]sf], O;fhh:tf] Ps tfafhf . tfdf] gf)[ tfdf] tfd| tfFAff] . ~ t'n;L gf)
{ ;lDemFbf jf efSbf xftdf lnOg] tfdfsf] b|Jo t'n;Lsf] kq . tfDaf sfOt]g gf) [ef])
a) (tf))] lax], ef]het] cflbdf ufOg] wfld{s ljifoj:t' ePsf] tfdf
hfltdf k|rlnt Ps
nf]suLt . tfDa'n gf) [;+)] != vo, r'gf, ;'kfL, d;nf cflb xfn] agfOg] kfgsf] la8f .
@= kfgsf] kft jf nxf] . ~ jNnL gf) kfgsf] nxf] . ~ jLl6sf gf) kfgsf] la8f . > tfDa"l
ns lj) kfg a]Rg] (JolQm) axL . tfd| gf) [;+)] != Ps lsl;dsf] yf]} ftf] vlgh wft' . @=

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65
563

tfld|
tfl/v cfsfzdfu{af6 cfPsf] ;dfrf/ 6]lnu|fd . tf/3f6 gf) [tf\3f6] gbL tg]{ a6'jf j
ofqLx tg]{ cf]ng { ] 7fpF . tf/0f gf) [;+)] !=kf nfpg] sfd tfg]{ sfd . @= p4f . tf/
Do gf) [;+) + ] != ;Ghf]u jf l;nl;nfn] x'g] s'g} sfdsf] ;kmntf . @= x'g'kg]{ sfds
'fsf] aGbf]a:t rfg; . tf/gtf/ lqm) lj) [tftf] Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ k]mlk]ml nuftf
lj) [tf\ cGt}] t?Gt} nuQ} . { 6fOg] ;Nnfsf] vf]6f]af6 lgsflng] tf/lkg gf) [c\) 6k]G
Ps lsl;dsf] t]n . tf/ kmfOn gf) [tf kmfOn] tfn] pg] kmfOn ulg] k|0ffnL jf To;L ulg]
qsf] gTyL . tf/No gf) [;+)] ! tn jf kGofnf] xg] efj jf l:ylt tntf . @= r~rntf . #=
sfdstf . tf/ ;Kts gf) [;+)] ;\uLtdf :jxsf] ;aeGbf tLvf] pRrf0f xg] l:ylt . tf/;/ g
) [;+)] != sfdsf] k"j{\u tv tfn; . @= sfdsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] Joj:yf . tf/f gf) [;+)]
cfsfzdf emNsg] Hof]lt;d"x jf k|sfzlk08 gIfq . @= cfFvfsf] gfgL ktnL . #= aflnsL,
a[x:kltsL cdf]3l;l4sL kTgLxsf] gfd .$= ljZjkfl0fsL dftf . %= k~rtffdWo] Ps . ~ u0f
gf) tffxsf] ;d"x tffd08n . > tf/f\lst lj) tffsf] lrXgn] lrgfOPsf] tffsf] lrg nuf
b, jfSo, k|Zg cflb) . ljk) ctff\lst . k6 gf) cfFvfsf] uf]nf (g]qf08) sf ljleGg efun
fO{ 5fpg] df;sf] kftnf] kbf{ . klt gf) != rGb|df . @= a[x:klt . #= afln . ~ k~h g
f) slNkt afXo ]vfleq uhlN6Psf l:y tffsf] ;\Vof cfsfzdf b]lvg] tffxsf] ;dbfo tff
tf/fafhL gf) [tfnL afhL] yk8L df] jf tfnL ahfP v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . tf/f d08n g
) [;+)] != tffxsf] 3]f jf ;d"x gIfqd08n . @= kx]Fnf] xg] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] 5Qfjfn k
. | f kfOg], tffh:t} kfFrlt tf/f df5f] gf) [tff df5f]] ;dbd rf];f k}mlnPsf], sfF8] z
ePsf], zLsf ljleGg sfd kfgLsf] ;~rf0fk|0ffnLff ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] hGt . tfl/sf gf) [;+
!= ;fgf] tff . @= cr]n rnlrq cflbsL k|l;4 ;kmn cleg]qL . #= sf]6sf] sNndf wf0f ulg]
lje"if0fsf] ;fgf] k|tLs jf :d[ltlrXg . tfl/v gf) [kmf) tfLv] != cfcbfntaf6 emul8of
jf lghsf] jfl;nfO{ xflh xg cfpg" egL n]lvlbPsf] ldlt

Ps lsl;dsf] si7f]u . lj) #= tfdfn] ag]sf] tfdfsf sf] . > tfd|s gf) tfd| tfdf . sf/
tfdf, lkQn cflbsf efF8fs8 F f agfP hLljsf ug]{ hflt jf JolQm tdf}6] . k kq gf) bfg
kq cflb n]v] lbOg] cIf slF bPsf] tfdfsf] kftf] . kq gf) tfdfsf] kftfdf n]lvPsf] cl
en]v tfdfkq . ~ kNnj gf)czf]s j[If . ~ ou gf) dflg;n] tfdfsf efF8fs8 F f, xltof cf
lb pkof]udf Nofpg yfn]sf], 9u \ ] oukl5sf] k|frLg ;do . ~ j0f{ lj) tfdfsf sf], Qmj0
f{sf] . jNnL gf) Tgfpnf] emfljz]if . tfld| gf) [c\) 6}Da"lg] dhf nfu]sf], v}Fh8
rfsf] 7f]s] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . tfDnf] gf) [ef]) j)] u? hfltsf :qLxn] sDddlg u
o"Fdfly nfpg], sfnf] dvdnsf] tLgsg] j:q sd{ . tfohfttfobft gf) [c) tcbfb] != kmf}
HbfL;DaGwL uxg ckfwsf cleoQmsf] ckfw l;4 ePdf jf s;}n] ;sfL wgdfn df;] vfPdf ;sff
;DklQ hkmt ug]{ sfd hfoh]yf ;j{:j . @= ;\Vof uGtL . tfobftL lj) [tfobft O{] tfobft;Da
wL tfobftsf] . ~ kmffd gf) tfobft ubf{ flvg] ;DklQ jf wgdfnsf] ljj0f d2f;DaGwL k|of]
gLo sfutkqsf] kl~hsf . tfof] gf) [g]jf) tfon] 3fF6Ldf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . tf/
\g ;) lqm) [;+)tf0f g] != gbLgfnfxdf sg} j:t dflg; cflb jflkfl k ofpg kf
bMv;\s6af6 p4f ug{ ptfg{ . #= lkt[xnfO{ dSt kfg{ . $= kfgL gxfnLsg} l3p, t]n c
flbdf tsfL cflb e6g \  jf ksfpg . tf/! gf) [;+)] != wftsf] dl;g 8f]f] . @= b";~r
fsf dfWodn] cfpg] va . #= To:tf] ;~rfsf] lglDt k|of]u ulg] ;\lIfKt gfd .$= ;\uLtsf] p
r:j . tf/@ gf) [;+) tf8] xfFuflaFuf s]xL gxg], 6Kkfdf 7"nf kft xg], ;f]emf] ;ln
f] Ps hftsf] v tf8 . tf/s lj) [;+)] != kf nufpg] tfg]{ p4fs . gf) @=tff . #=cfFvfsf
L . $=fdsf] if8If dGq ( fdfo gdM) . %=rf ;u0f Ps u? ePsf] Ps 5Gb . ~ lrXg gf) != l
if vf]nj  f lbg jf dxj k|blz{t ug{nfO{ 5fkf jf lnlkdf k|of]u ulg] tffh:tf] lrXg (*
) @= cJofsl0fs k hgfpg k|of]u ulg] lrXg . > tf/sf gf) !=cfFvfsf] gfgL . @=tff gIfq .
f/sf;/ gf) sdf sflt{s]off dflPsf] Ps k|l;4 b}To . tf/ls0fL gf) tffx rDs]sf] ft .
lj) != tff;DaGwL tffxn] elPsf] . @= tfsdGq;DaGwL . tf/s]z gf) rGb|df . tf/s]Zj/ gf)
xfb]j . tf/va/ gf) [ tf/ va/ ] b" / ;~rf/sf dfWodn]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

tfl/gtflnsf tf/]s . @= O:jL dlxgfsf] ut] jf lbg ldlt . ~ lstfa gf) tflvsf] gfd, ldl
t l6Kg] klGhsf . ~ krf{ gf) cf cbfntaf6 emul8of jf jfl;nfO{ o; lbg xflh xg cfpg" eg
L cfsf] 5fk kmfF6jfnfn] ;xL5fk uL n]lvlbg] sfut jf khf{ . ~ e/kfO{ gf) tflv alemln
F eGg] a]xf]f ePsf] emul8of jf jfl;sf] ;xL5fk k]sf] sfut . jfnf cfcbfntaf6 tflv tf
f] jf tflvdf x]sf] emul8of . tfl/g s) lqm) [tf\ O g] tfg]{ sfd ulg . tfl/km gf) [c
m] != c;n u0fxsf] a9fOF k|z+;f ;x|gL . @= sg} sfsf] ljj0f jf j0f{g . tf/L gf) != ;
gs]j F f . @= k6jf sf6\bf rf d7faf6 Ps lsnf] kf6 aGg] lx;fan] agfOg] ;fgf] PsfO d
7L . tf? gf) dl;gf kft xg], em; gxg], alnof] lrNnf] hftsf] afF; . tf?0o gf) [;
+)] t?0f xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf tGg]Lkg ojfj:yf hjfgL of}jg . tf/]! lj) [tff P] != lg
ffh:tf] ;]tf] lrXg jf 6f6f] ePsf] rfFb] (kz) . @= tff ePsf] tffh:tf] . tf/]@ lj) [tf
tf nfu]sf] tf ePsf] . (pbf) To:tf] tf] afdf s;L hfg] < s gnfpm x} ) tf/]s gf)x]
tf/] le/ gf) [tff] eL] ;fx|} cUnf] sxfnLnfUbf] 7f8f] kx] eL . tf/]dfd gf) [tf] ;+
f}4dfuL{aLr k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] clejfbg gd:sf . tf/}tf/ lqm) lj) [tf tf] k6s}lkR5] tf
/f] gf) [;+) tff] af0f, uf]nLh:tf c:qn] tflsg] lgzfgf nIo . ~ xgfO gf) tff] xfGg] sfd
. tfls{s lj) [;+)] != ts{zf:q hfGg] (JolQm) tjj]Qf bfz{lgs g}oflos . @= ts{ jf ts{zf
:qsf] ts{ jf ts{zf:q;DaGwL . ~ k|Zg gf) ts{oS  t k|Zg . ~ z}nL gf) n]vfOdf nfdf jf
So, k|r ljz]if0f af}l4stf a];L ePsf], cln sl7g eO{sg aFbfoSt, uxlsnf] tyf ljrff
Tds xg], cf]h u0f ePsf] Ps z}nL . tfsL{ gf) [tf sL] dbfgLsf] 6Kkfdf hl8Psf] tf . t
fs { lj) [tff s] tffh:tf] lrXg ePsf] lgwfdf tffsf ;]tf] 6Lsf xg] (ufO{, af5L ) .
lj) [tff s]] tffh:tf] lrXg ePsf] lgwfdf tffsf ;]tf] 6Lsf xg] (uf]? cflb) . ~ of
kfNrf]s lhNnfdf kg]{ af}4dfuL{ nfdfxsf] k|l;4 wfld{s :yn (uDaf) . ~ h/n ] L gf)
Ps hftsf] h]nL rf] . ~ afF; gf) tfdfafF;eGbf cln dl;gf kft vFlbnf] xg] Ps k|sfsf]
564

afF; . tfn! gf) [;+) tNn] kfgL k|z:t hd]sf] 7fpF 7"nf] k|fs[lts kf]vL bx . tfn@ gf) [
;+)] != gfrufgsf] 9\u jf kff 5fF6 rfn . @= v;L k|s6 ubf{ bO{ xTs]nf ahfP lgsflng] z
Ab tfnL . #= dfbn, tanf, ofD6f cflb 7f]s] jf hwfP ahfOg] afhfsf] dfqf . $= 9f]sfsf]
cfUnf] vf]Ng] jf nufpg] kmnfd] ;fwg . %= ofn9f]sfsf] rf}sf]; s:gfsf lglDt ufx|f]
df t]:of{Og] nfdf] sf7 . ^= tf8sf] v . &= sfdufOsf] rf]l6 jf k6s . *= ;Ghf]u df}sf
. ufF7L gf) != sg} sfdsfhsf] k|aGw rfFhf]kfFhf] . @= sg} sfsf] leqL clek|fo x:o .
af/L lj) cg]s tfn lemSg] cfg} tfnsf] cgf}7f] . f/ gf) ofn9f]sfx nufpg] aGb ug]{
f]drf] tfnfsGhL . ~ g ;/ gf) 5fF6 g sfF6 \u g 9\u . kq gf) x]) tf8kq . k0fL{
kfOg] Ps hftsf] ;k . kmn gf) gljnsf] cfsfsf] leqkl kfgL xg] Ps k|sfsf] kmn tf8sf
mn . dvfgf gf) nfdfnfdf kft xg] xfFuf 8fF7sf aLrdf sfF8fbf ufF7f kmNg], ;]tf jf gL
nf hxLsf h:tf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] a6L jf To;}sf] kmn . dfg gf) lrq, d"lt{ cfl
b agfpFbf cfs[ltsf] 7Ls cgkft ldnfOg] lqsf]0f, j[Q cflb . dfn gf) tfnd]n . d]n gf
) sfdsfsf] klk~r jf rfFhf]kfFhf] l7Ss xg] jf ldNg] sfd . tfnJo lj) [;+)] tfn:yfga
f6 pRrflt xg] -Wjlg_ . tfn;DaGwL . > tfnJoLejg gf) cs}{ :yfgaf6 pRrf0f xg] Wjlg
tfnJo j0f{df kljlt{t xg] sfd jf l:ylt (h:tf] ;t\ rlq;Rrlq, jfB  afhf O) .) tfn ;/
;+) tfn ;/] != sg} sfds/fsf] tfn / ; . @= sfdsf] k/ ;/;f/ yfngL . #= ug{kg]{ sfd
jf sfsf] 7Ls rfFhf]kfhf] . tfnf gf) [;+) tfns] tfNrf . ~ sGhL gf) tfNrf ;fFrf] .
~ aGbL gf) != sg} j:t cflb afs;, sf]7f jf eF8fdf fvL tfNrf nfP aGb ug]{ sfd . @= s
d{rfLxnfO{ r]tfpgL lbg jf bafpg dflnsn] sfvfgfsf] 9f]sfdf tfNrf nfP aflx} flvlbg] sfd
. #= sg} klg sfdsfafO{ 7Kk ePsf] cj:yf . $= cfGbf]ngsf/Lxn] cfgf dfu k"f ufpgsf lglD
t ;DalGwt lgsfo jf lgsfok|dvsf] sfof{nodf tfnf nufOlbg] sfd . tfnfafnf gf) [ tnan]
sg} qf;b l:ylt jf x8a8Laf6 xg] cTofx6 cTof; . tflnsf gf) [;+)] sg} sf, ljifo,
ldlt cflb ldnfO{ n]lvPsf] ;"rL km]xl:t ?l6g . sf/ gf) tflnsf tof kfg]{ ;"rL agfpg]
tflnsLs/0f gf) ;\slnt tYoxnfO{

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
565

tflndlt3|] tf;f@ gf) != lsgd]n u]kl5 lsGg]n] k;n]l;t dfUg] jf lng] ;fgf]ltgf] j:t k
mf];f . lj= @= Psbd kftnf] ;fx|} bAnf] . :qL) tf;L . tfl;/ gf) [c) tf;L] c; k|efj hf
. tf;L nfdf gf) [ef]) a)] nfdfsf] Pp6f pRrkb . ltb' gf) [;+) ltGb'] sfnf] af]qmf] n
fDrf, tLvf kft x'g], ;]tf dl;gf k"mn k'mNg] xlof, u'lnof kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v To;}
sf] kmn . ltp/Lltp/] gf) [ltp]O{] xft, uf]8f, g
ftf] kfg{ c d;nf ldnfO{ s'6 ] nufOg
];f{gLsf h:tf kft x'g,] ljleGg
sf k"mn k'mNg] ef
sf h:tf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To
"/L To"/] . lts8d gf) !=rfn rNg] h'lQm jf ;Lk rfnafhL ltu8d . @= rt'ofOF sf}zn . #= s
l6n hfne]mn 5n5fd . afh lj) 5nL sk6L sl6n rfn rNg] . afhL gf) sl6n Jojxf . ltu
) lts8d . ltSv/ lj) [tLI0f] != gg, e6g  ;a} rLh ldn] :jfbdf tLI0ftf cfPsf] rlvnf
] :jfb ePsf] . @= s]xL rsf]{ eP tfklg :jflbnf] . > ltSv/f] lj) ltSv . ltSt lj) [;+)
] != s]nf], lrfOtf], gLd cflbsf :jfbsf] tLtf] . gf) @= lha|fn] yfxf kfpg] 5 ;dWo] Ps
; tLtf] :jfb . tf gf) ltSt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf tLtf]kg . ltvfp/f] lj) [ltvf/\ cfp
Lvf] ePsf] ltvflPsf] . :qL) ltvfpL . ltvf/\g ;) lqm) [tLvf] g] != nf}f], 3f]rf], ls
cflb j:tnfO{ xFl;of, vsL, vkf{ cflbn] tf5] tLvf] kfg{ wf nfpg . @= sg} sfdsf
lglDt tof kfg{ . #= pQ]lht tNofpg . > ltvffO gf) ltvfg]{ sfd jf lsl;d . > ltvfl
/g s) lqm) ltvfg]{ sfd ulg . ltlvg c) lqm) [tLvf] O g] tLvf] xg wflnf] xg . >
fO gf) ltlvg] tyf ltVofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ltVofOg s) lqm) tLvf] kflg . l
tVofpg ;) lqm) tLvf] kfg{ ltvfg{ rDsfpg . ltvgf] gf) [tLvf] pgf]] aGrf] . ltvNn]
j) [ltvf] pNn]] bAnfP jf kftlnP kLFw rfplPsf] s6f}] . ltvf] lj) [;+) tLI0f] != 3f]Rg
sl;dn] 6Kkf] ltvflPsf] l;of], ;Of]h:tf] rRrf] k]sf] . @= l56} ag] zlQm ePsf] tLI0
. #= lrQ bvfpg] (jrg) . $= lgs} ;lnf] (:j, af]nL cflb) . ltugf lj) [tLg ugf] tLg
ugf t]a . lt3| ] lj) [lt3|f ] P] 7"nf df]6f lt3|f ePsf] (dflg;) e;lt3|] .

juL{s0fkl5 xf :tDedf ldnfP fVg] k|lqmof . tflnd gf) [ c) tcnLd] != sg} sfd jf ljifo
f Jojl:yt kdf lbOg] lzIff k|lzIf0f tfnLd . @= sfdsf] cx|fOkx|fO jf l;sfO;wfO . vfgf
gf) tflnd ug]{ 7fpF . > tflndL lj) != tflnd u]sf] k|lzIf0f kfPsf] . @= tflnd;DaGwL
. tflnd] gf) != ufgfahfgfdf tflnd kfPsL baflof ;;f] . lj) @= tflnd kfPsf] tflndL . t
fnL gf) [;+) tfn] != yk8Lsf] zAb stnWjlg tfn . @= cfFvfsf] k6n jf 9sgL . #= ;fgf] tf
nf . tfnLd gf)x]) tflnd . tfnL; kq gf) [;+)] ;gkftL . tfn gf) [;+)] != jT;{eGbf k
l5 lsnlsn]eGbf clusf] efu . ~ vOn] lj) tfnsf f}F em] vfnL ePsf] vNjf6 . tfns gf)
) tcNns] != s;}sf] dftxtdf x]sf] If]q jf Onfsf t}gfy . @= sg} hjfkmb]xL x]sf sfsf
] jf:tf ;f]sf . ~ cf gf)tfns ePsf] jf tfns lng] cf dflyNnf] clwsf lnPsf] cf .
}tLaf6 dfnkf]t c;npk uL dfndf bflvn ug]{ tfnsbfL P]g;jfnadf]lhd sfd ug]{ JolQm u
sf] dlvof lhDdfjfn . @= t}gfyjfnf tfnsjfnf . bf/L gf) tfnsbfsf] sfd jf clwsf tfn
fsf] k|yf lhDdfJffL . jfnf gf) != lhNnf jf uf}F8fesf] dVo lgsf;f lbg] xflsd . @= kl
n] lhNnf jf uf}F8fsf] a8fxflsd (cr]nsf] k|dv lhNnf clwsfL) . > tfnsL gf) tfnssf
] sfd . tfnf] gf) [tfn cf]] tfn tfnf . ~ ;frf] gf) cfUnf] vf]Ng] tfn tfNrf vf]Ng] ;fF
f] . tfNrf gf) [;+) tfns] 9f]sf, ;Gb's, 6f
\sf, afs; cflb aGb ug{ nufOg] kmnfd jf lk
Qnsf] oGq . tfNr] lqm) lj) [tfNrfP] != u'Rrf cflb gu'8fO{sg ;f]em} xfGg] rfn . lj)
@= tfNrfsf lsl;dsf] tfNrf dfg{ x'g] . ~ emf/ gf) 8fF7sf cfFVnf k'msfnL tL cfFVnf
k]ml k]nfdf k;fP tfNrf df]h:tf] uL v]Ng x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] emf s's'] . tfjf gf) [;+
a cflb ksfpg] yfnh:tf] kmnfd] efF8f] . tf;! gf) [c)] != ;'y, kfg, rL8 OF6sf a'f ePsf
], k|To]s a'fsf PSsfb]lv t]x| kQL x'g] tyf alh, ld;L, afbzfx cflbsf] lrq;d]t ePsf]
, ljleGg v]n v]lng] sfutsf afpGgj6f kQL jf rSsL . @= ;'grfFbLsf] hLn] sfrf]{k e]sf
] ax'd"No sk8f . tf;@ gf) [?;L] ;f]leot ;
\3sf] k|l;4 ;dfrf ;ldlt . tf;f! gf) [c) tf;
] 3fF6Ldf le] b'O{ uhfn] ahfOg] 6fDsf]h:tf] Ps afhf .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65

lt3|f]ltg lt3|f ] gf) 3'F8fb]lv dflysf] uf]8fsf] 8f]nf] efu p? . ltR5/ lj) != clncln
tLtf] jf gdL7f] :jfb ePsf] tLtf]tLtf] :jfbsf] . @= ltSv . > ltR5/f] lj) ltR5 . lth g
f) gfLxn] ;f}efUo ;d[l4sf lglDt wfld{s kDkfcg';f lzjkfj{tLsf] pkf;gf k"hf ug],{ ef
z'Sn t[tLofsf] lbg xltflnsf . lth/f] gf) [tLhh/f]] tLgtLg lbg lafP PskN6 cfpg] sfdhf
}n]hf] . lth' gf) s5f8lt kfOg] blnf] vfnsf] t}nh jg:kltljz]if . lth] gf) [tLhP] tLhdf
:jf:gLdflg;xn] ufpg] kj{uLt . ltt/ lat/ lqm) lj) [lx) tLta6]] otfplt 5lg] jf ofFlsg]
GgAofGg l5tlat 5k':6 . ltt/L k
\vL lj) [ltqf]k
\vL] gLnf] e'Od F{ f ;]tf l5s}l{ 5s
afbn) ltqfk
\vL . gf) Ps hftsf] ;fgf] rf] . lttLIff gf) [;+)] !=h:tf];s ' } ;'vb'Mv,
3fdkfgL cflb ef]Ug'k] tfklg ;xg] zlQm ;lxi0f'tf . @= zflGt Ifdf . > lttLIf' lj) ;xg
;Sg] ;xgzLn . ltt] gf) [tLtf]P] != sfFqmfsf] e]6\g'klsf] tLtf] x'g] efu . @= e6df;sf
h:tf kft x'g] kmfksf h:tf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] b'lwnf] emf . ~ s/]nfs/]nf] gf) l3f}
nfsf h:tf kft x'g], nxfdf nfDrf kmn kmNg], aflxL ;tx Ps}gf; gePsf, leq ftf laofF x'
g] tLtf] :jfb x'g], s]nfsf] Ps hft . ~ uf]n sfqmL gf) tLtf] :jfb x'g] Ps hftsf] uf]
nsfFqmL . ~ 3f; gf) ;fgf];fgf] a'6f] x'g,] tLtf] :jfbsf] Ps hftsf] 3fF; . ~ lr/fOt
f] gf) 7"N7"nf nfDrf kft x'g], t'n;Lsf] h:tf] k"mn k'mNg] ftf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf]
lrfOtf] lsftltQm . ~ emf/ gf) ;'N6f]kl xlof] pN6f]kl KofhL
sf] x'g], tLtf] :jfb
dHjdf cf]vtLsf lglDt pko'Qm dflgg] a'6Lemfljz]if . ~ t'Daf gf) tLtf] :jfb x'g] Ps h
ftsf] t'Daf . ~ kftL gf)uf]bfjLsf h:tf kft x'g], d~hLsf kdf k"mn k'mNg], rsf]{ uGw c
fpg], tLtf] :jfbsf] emfljz]if . ~ kmfk/ gf) kmfkh:t} t vfFbf cln tLtf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf
] kmfk . ~ df5f] gf) e]ndf au] cfpg], tLtf] :jfb x'g, ] Ps lsl;dsf] df5f] . ltt]gL g
f) [tLt]PgL] tLt]kftLsf] 3fL . lttf] lj) [;+) ltSt] != s]nf], gLd, lrfOtf] cflbsf :jf
bsf] ltSt . gf) @ 5 ;dWo] Ps ; tLtf] :jfb . lttf}/f gf) [;+) ltStcf}f] != lehfPsf] r
df;, d'uL, cfn' cflb lkFw] x'F8nL agfPsf] n]bfsf] ;;fgf 8Nnf kfL ;'sfOPsf] tsfLljz]
if . @= cfFk, cdnf, nK;L cflbsf] n]bf]df g'g, d;nf jf lrgL xfn] d6f
\u|fh:tf] kfL ;'s
fO{ agfOPsf] vfg]s'f . > lttf}/L gf) ;fgf] jf :g]x
566

hgfpFbf lttf}fnfO{ eGg] zAb . lttf}nL gf) [tLtf]cf}nL] sfFqmfsf] clncln tLtf] x'g]
e]6g \ k ' lsf] c+z . ltlQl/ gf) [;+)] != g[Todf kfp fVg] Ps k|sfsf] rfn . @= oh'j]{
bsf] Ps zfvf . #= To; zfvfsf k|jt{s C[lif . $= ltqf] . ltqf k
\vL ljgf)x]) ltt/Lk
\vL
. ltqL gf) [;+) ltlGt8L] vFlbnf] ;fx|f] sf7 x'g] cdnfsf h:tf kft x'g], sf];fleq s
fFrf] 5Fbf cldnf] kfs]kl5 cldnf] u'lnof] u'bL x'g] kmn kmNg] af]6 To;} af]6sf] km
n cldnL . ltq] lj) [ltqf]P] ltqf]h:tf] ltqfsf 9fFrfsf] . ~ afbn gf) ltqfsf kv]6fsf] a
'fh:tf] k]sf] afbn ltqfk
\vL jf ltt/Lk
\vL afbn . ltqf] gf) [;+) ltlQ] l5la] ftf] r
v'f ePsf], lgs} hf]8n] s'b\g], p8\bf Eof6f6f cfjfh cfpg] af:bf tLgtfflrlqs\ u]sf] ;
'lgg], Rofv'f]hqf] rf] . ltly gf) [;+)] != rfGb|dfgsf u0fgfcg';f cfpg] tyf 36a9 x'g]
z[S ' nkIf s[i0fkIfsf s'g} klg lbg k]jfb]lv cf}F;L jf k"l0f{df;Ddsf lbg . @= >f4
ug]{ lbg ldlt . > ltlyt lj) s'g} ltly jf dlxgfsf] ut], jf cflb tf]lsPsf] lbgf
\lst (kq
flb) . kq gf) k~rf
\u kfqf] . ~ ldlt gf) rfGb| lbg tyf ;f} lbg, dlxgf, ut], jf cflb
tg! ;j{) [tL] tL zAbsf] ljelSt k|Too nfUbf x'g] lto{s\ k, pg . ltg@ gf) [;+) qLl0f] !
= b'O{kl5sf] ;
\Vof b'O{ Pssf] hf]8 . lj) @= b'O{ Pssf of]u;
\Vofsf] . ~ cGgL -tLgGgL
_ gf) g]kfndf klxn] rn]sf] tLg cfgf d"Nosf] k};f . ~ cfVn] gf) tLgtf] . ~ sfgf gf) t
Lg kf]6 kg]{ kf;fsf] Ps bfp . ~ v'6 gf) yfxdf k|rlnt sGof ;f6f;f6 ug{ gkfPdf t];|f
] 3sL sGof ldnfOlbg] rng . (o;f] ubf{ t];|f] kIfn] klxnf] kIfnfO{ sGof lbg] dfq}
x'Fbf emf
f kfpF5 . x]) emf
f klg . ) lu/ gf) ;fgf] rf}8fO ePsf], bfFtL k]sf nfDrf kft
x'g] u'nfkmL k"mn k'mNg] demf}nf vfnsf] vljz]if . ~ rDs] gf) != rDsfh:t} tLglt x]sf
8fF8f, y'Dsf jf l9:sfsf] ;d"x . lj) @= tLg rSsf ePsf] . ~ 5s gf) != pb]s nfUg] l
:ylt cfZro{ . lqm) lj) @= lhNnffd . ~ tf/f ltlqs gf) != ltqfsf] cfjfh jf af]nL . @=
(To;} cfwfdf) ltqf] . ~ tf/] gf) ! cfsfzdf nx} k]sf b]lvg], d[ulzf gIfq dflgPsf tLgj
6f tffsf] ;d"x tLgcfFVn] . lj) @= tLgj6f tff ePsf] (afhf, emG8f cflb) . ~ ltofnL gf)
t];f |k ] N6 (b'Ok { N6 ePkl5 t];|f]kN6 klg x'G5 g} eGg] l9a"9Lcg';f)

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65
567

ltgfwfglt/ld/ cFw]f] . gf) @= u|x0f . #= fx' . ltldnf] gf)x]) l6ldnf] . ltdL ;j{) [;+
) Tjd\] ltLo k'?if Psjrgdf k|of]u x'g,] tFeGbf dflyNnf] tkfO{e F Gbf tNnf] >]0fLs
f] cfbfyL{ zAb . ltof lj) [tLg] tLg u'gf t]a (lx;fasf] b'gf]6 k9\bf) . ltof gf) [tLg]
;f]x| sf}8fdf tLg, ;ft, P3f kGw| sf}8f 7f8f kbf{ x'g] h'jfsf] Ps bfp . ltof/L gf)
[ltofcfL] df5f dfg]{ hfnLbf Ps k|sfsf] kf;f] . ltofnL lqm) lj) [tLgofnL] tLgk6s tLgr
6 . (pbf) p;n] v]ndf nufnu lht] ltofnL kfof] .) ltof] gf)[ tLg] 8G8Llaof]sf] v]ndf t
Lgsf] u0fgf tLg 8G8Lsf] gfkf] kbf{ laof] xfGg] 9fFrf . lt/\g ;) lqm) [;+) t[] != ;
fk6L jf k}r F f] lnPsf] j:t lkmtf{ ug{ lg rStf ug{ . @= b08, lhtfpL cflb aemfp
g . #= egf{ jf xhf{gf lbg . $= ltf]ef] ug{ . %= cn] cfk"mnfO{ u]sf] c;n jf vfa sfd
sf] abnf lng jf lbg[ ;f6f] k]mg{ . lt/! gf) of]) [;+) lt;\] sg} 7fpF, j:t cflb
ePkl tkm{ kIf . lt/@ gf) [lt\ c] ltg]{ sfd ltfO . tf/ gf) lnP vfPsf] gub jf j:t
ltf]tff] . tfn gf) != hjf cflbsf] v]ndf b08 ltlxg] k6s xftfn . lj) @= ;fx|} rnfv
(pbf) pgL b]Vg kf] ;wf, dflg; t lttfn 5g\ .) . lt/lt/ lqm) lj) [c) d") lt\ c) (l))] !
la:tf} kfgL kg]{ jf kfgLsf] ;fgf] wff] embf{ jf v:tf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= kftnf] lb
;f nfUg] u] . > lt/lt/L lqm) lj) cem} ltlt xg] uL . lt/lt/] lj) ltlt xg] ltlt
(wff], kfgL cflb) . lt/g gf) [lt\ cg] ltg]{ sfd ltfO ltf] . tf/g gf) c s;};u F ;
wgdfn ltg]{ sfd ltf]tff] ltf]ef] . lt/ld/ gf) [c) d") lt c) (l))] != f]u, gftfut
fn] cfFvf gb]Vg] jf e|flGt xg] l:ylt . @= w]} rlDsnf] j:t x]bf{ cfFvfn] 7Dofpg
ufx|f] kg]{ cj:yf ltlldL . #= ldld . > lt/ld/fO gf) ltldfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lt/
g c) lqm) cfFvf ltld xf]Og . lt/ld/fpg c) lqm)!= f]u jf gftfutsf sf0fn] cfFvf fd|
;t gb]Vg ltld xg . @= afnjfdf 3fd 6Ns]]h:tf] eO{ 7Dofpg g;Sg . lt/ldl/g c) lqm
) ltldfpg . lt/ld/] lj) ltld uL 6Nsg] ltld ug]{ . lt/ldofO gf) ltldlg] efj, l
. lt/ldofx6 gf)

tLgtfnL . ~ tf]n ] gf) lax]df bnxLsf] l;pFbf]df xflng] tLg tf]nf l;Fb . ~ lqejgl
qnf]s gf) :ju{, dTo{ kftfn tLg} nf]s ;ff ;+;f . ~ ws]{ lj) tLgj6f wsf{ ePsf] (/ff
~ wfd gf) fsf, fd]Zj huGgfy kL oL tLg wfd . ~ g t]x | lj) g tLglbg] g t]xl| bg
] afg{ gkg]) { h7lk08L gePsf] aGwh:tf] a]sfd] ;f]sfljgfsf] . ~ kq] gf) Hofldsf h
tLgtLg kft xg] Hoflds} h:tf] cldnf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] kmn . ~ kft]
gf) != tLgj6f kft dfq ufF;] agfOg] 6kL . @= ltgf}6f dfq} kft xg] Ps hftsf] emf rLcld
nf] . lj) #= ;fx|} rgfvf] laTkft] . ~ kfg] lj) ! tLgj6f vf]N;f jf ;f]tfsf] kfgL ld
n]sf] . gf) @= kfgL tLgkN6 dfq k]mlgfn] s8f ag]sf] c;n lsl;dsf] S;L . ~ k:t] lj) j
+zfgqmdn] ulgg] tLg k:tfleqsf] gfd ePsf] jf n]lvPsf] (sfut, ljj0f cflb) . ~ km6
fsf gf) j}i0fjxn] nfpg] 7f8f] tLgws]{ l6sf] . ~ dxfgL gf) tLgj6f gbLsf] dxfg ePsf
] 7fpF tLg 7fpFaf6 kfgL lg:sg] 7fpF . ~ ;x/ gf) g]kfnsf rf e~Hofleq (sf7df8f}F pkTos
fdf) x]sf k|Voft tLgj6f ;x (sflGtk, nlntk eQmk) . ~ ;/sf/ gf) g]kfndf k|hftGq cf
eGbf cl3, @))& ;fncl3sf f0ffsfnLg k|wfgdGqLxsf] pkflw . ~ ;NnL gf) tLg ;Nnfafa 3fd df
ly cfpg] cyf{t\ lbgsf] nueu gf} ah]sf] j]nf jf e8\lsPsf] ;do . ~ ;fem gf) laxfg, l
bpF;f] a]n'sf (pbf) tLg ;fFem vfP klg pm vfg} gkfPem}F u5{ .) . ltgfwfg gf) [;+) t[
0ffGgwfGo] kfgL ePsf] hldgdf pd|g,] nfdfnfdf h'Fuf x'g] Ps hftsf] h
\unL wfg . ltlg
d'gL gf) [g]jf)] w'Gof afhf;d"xdf ahfOg] ehgxdf ;xfos tfn afhfsf] kdf k|of]u ulg], k
mnfdsf] ;fgf] 8G8Ln] lk6] ahfOg] kmnfds} tLgs'g] afhf . ltG5' gf) [g]jf)] ofnL kljfsf
] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] Ps afhf . ltk gf) df5f dfg{ k|of]u ulg] rf]ofn] a'gs ] f] ;fwg vf]u
F f. ltAat gf) g]kfnsf] pQL l;dfgfdf x]sf] hgu0ftGq rLgsf] Ps :jzfl;t k|bz ] . ltA
atL lj) [ltAatO] ltAatdf a:g] jf x'g] ltAat;DaGwL ltAatsf] . ~ zfvf gf) o']l;of v08sf
ljleGg eflifs kljfdWo] Ps zfvf . lta|L gf) [;+) tLj|] kxf8sf] r'r'f] 6fs'f] l6pL .
s0ff{nL c~rncGtu{tsf] Ps lhNnf . ltld gf) [;+)] != Hofb} 7"nf] cfsfsf] Ps hftsf]
;d'b|L df5f] . @= ;d'b| . ltld/ gf) [;+)] != cFWoff] jf wldnf] . @= kmnfddf nfu]sf
] lvof . #= tf}w F L . do lj) != cFWoffn] 9fs]sf] rf}ltsf]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65

lt/:s/0fltnrfdn ltldlg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof ltldofO . lt/:s/0f gf) [;+)] lt

lqmof, efj jf cj:yf lt:sf . > lt/:s/0fL gf) gf6ssf] kbf{ . @= cb[Zo xg] ljBf . lt/
:sf/ gf) [;+)] s;}nfO{ dg gkfO{ ulg] x]nf jf a]jf:tf cgfb ckdfg pk]Iff . lt/:s[t lj
)] lt:sf ulPsf] ckdflgt x]nf ulPsf] pk]lIft . lt/fO gf) [ lt/\ ( cfO)] ltg]{ sfd j
[>] lt/fOg s) lqm) ltg{ nfOg . lt/fpg k|) ] lqm) ltg{ nfpg ltg]{ kfg{ . lt/fg
gf) != ltf], afnL cflb ltg]{ sfd ltf]ef] . @= ltf] st . ltl/Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") ltl
yf]} kfgL kg],{ wff] v:g], kftnf] lb;f xg] cflb lsl;dn] . ltl/lv/L gf) [c) d") lt\ O{
(l))] emsf]{nfUbf] sl;s;fpdf kfg]{ l9kL cfR5cfR5 cfQL . ltl/g gf) [;+) t[0f] emf
t cflb t[0f 3fF;, kfn, v cflbsf] yf]} c+z . ltl/g s) lqm) [lt\ O g] ;fk6L jf k}r F
mtf{ lbOg ltg]{ sfd ulg . ltl/ld/L gf) [ltld O{] rsf]; { u F ltld xg] rfn ltld
!= sdhf]L jf cGo sf0fn] cfFvf :ki6 gb]lvg] lsl;d ltldfpg] cj:yf . @= Hofbf rlDsnf] j
:t x]bf{ cfFvfn] 7Dofpg g;lsg] l:ylt . #= lhNn kg]{ rfn . lqm) lj) $= ltld xg] uL
. ltl/; gf)nfdf], df]6f] 6fpsf] ;fgf] xg] Ps hftsf] ;k{ . lt?jf lj) [lt\ pjf] != lt
] ltg{kg]{ ltf] nfu]sf] . @= ltg]{ . ~ latf{ gf) s]xL kf]tf nfu]sf] latf{ hUuf . ~
dfkmL latf{ gf) ltf] ltg{ gkg]{ latf{ hUuf . (cr]n o:tf hUuf vflh uL }sdf kl0ft ePs
g\ .) lt/f] gf) [lt\ cf]] hUufsf] kf]t, st jf afnL dfnkf]t e"lds . tf/f] gf) df]xL
N;nfO{ afnL ltg]{ sfd ltf]ef] . lt/f]wfg gf) [;+)] nf]k xg] sfd xfpg] jf lanfpg] l:
ltf]efj . lt/f]e/f] gf) [ltf] e\] df]xLn] tlN;nfO{ afnL ltg]{ sfd ltf]tff] . lt/f]e
;+)] cGtwf{g ltf]wfg . lt/f]lxt lj) [;+)] !=ufoa ePsf] nKt . @=5f]lkPsf] 9flsPsf] .
ltsL{ gf) [;+) lq] != tf;sf] tLg kmL ePsf] rSsL . @= kRrL;sf v]nsf] Ps bfp ltof .
ltvf{ gf) [;+) t[iff] != kfgL cflb vfg] OR5f Kof; lkkf;f .
568

@= cfk"mnfO{ dg k]sf] j:t kfpg] tLj| OR5f t[i0ff lt;{gf . > ltvf{O gf) ltvf{pg] lqm
of jf k|lqmof ltvf{ nfu]sf] cj:yf . ltvf{Og c) lqm) ltvf{ nflug . ltvf{pg c) lqm
) kfgL vfg dg nfUg ltvf{ nfUg . ltvf{n  lj) ltvf{Psf] jf ltvf{Oxg] t[lift Kof;L .
lthf{ gf) [ltf] hf] != kfgf] rngcg;f ;}lgs clkm; hjfgxn] hflusf] ;f afnL dfq p7fO
fpg] uL kfPsf] hUufsf] l;b hfluafkt tf]lsPsf] afnL p7fO{ vfg kfpg] l;b . @= hUufhldgs
f] gDaL k|yf jf To:tf] hUufnfO{ lbOg] lg:;f . lty] { lj) [tLy{ P] tLy{:gfgsf] tLy{;Da
GwL tLy{sf] . ~efO gf) tLy{ hfFbf ;Fu} hfg] ;fyL tLy{ hfg] ;fyL . ~ef]h gf) tLy{ uL k
ms] { cfpg] ofqLxn] gftfs6D  a, Oi6ldqnfO{ vjfpg] ef]h . lto{s\ lj)[ ;+)] != 58\
s] 6]9f] af\uf] . gf) @= kzkIfL cflb k|f0fL . ~ sf/s gf) d"n k ljs[t ePsf] jf ljelQm
lrXg;lxtsf] k (h:t} 5f]f] sf] 5f]f .) > lto{Uhflt gf) t];f]{ a9\g] hflt kzkIfL .
qm) lj) [c) d") lt\ ] la:tf yf]} a] kfgL kg]{ jf wff] cflb v:g] uL . lt;{gf gf) [;+
f] != vfg]lkpg] OR5f . @= sg} sf kfpg] dgsf] wf]sf] clenfiff . #= sg} sfddf Psl
rQ eP nfUg] pT;stf . ltn gf) [;+)] != nfDrf dl;gf kft xg,] ;]tf jf gLnf k"mn km
Ng] tLgkf6] sf];f kmNg] Ps hftsf] cGg jf To;sf] af]6 . @= To;}sf] sf];fleq xg],
k]Nbf fd|f] t]n cfpg], crf vfOg] b]jlkt[sfo{df rflxg] ljz]iftM sfnf], v}f] ;]tf];d
]t tLg sf xg], dl;gf, y]Krf u]8f . #= zLdf xg] ;fgf] bfu jf lrXg sf]7L . ltns gf) [
+)] != xf]d ubf{ 89]sf] r?xsf] sfnf] l6sf] . @= lgwf, 5ftL kfvfdf nufOg] rGbg, s];
cflbsf] lrXg . #= j}jflxs ;DaGw l:y ubf{ bnxLkIfaf6 bnxfnfO{ lbOg] LtefFtcg;fsf]
b|Jo . $= fHofleif]ssf] sd{ . %= rGbg l6sf] . ~ kftL gf) sg} d\unsfo{ ;lsPkl5 kf]l
xtaf6 nufOg] ltns k"mnkftL . ~ dbf| gf) eStxn] zLdf nfpg] rGbgsf] z\v, rqm cflbsf]
lrXg jf 5fk . ltnsfg] lj) [ltn sfg]] != sfgdf ;]tf ltnh:tf dl;gf 6Lsf xg] (afv|f])
. :qL) ltnsfgL . gf) @= Ps hftsf] emfljz]if . ltns] lj)x]) ltNs] . ltnvf gf) [;+)
ltns] ;fgf] vfnsf] l6sf] ltns . ltn\uf gf) [;+) t}n\u] sDk ;}lgs ltln\uf] . ltnrfdn
[ltn rfdn] != ltnh:tf] sfnf] rfdnh:tf]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
569

ltn kmntL/ lj) @= aL; b; hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vofsf] kGw|sf] bf]a . > lt;f}F lj) u0fgfsf
mdn] tL; ;\Vofdf k]sf] tL;df kg]{ . lt;L gf) [;+) ct;L] bfFtL k]sf v;|f dfnfsf kft x
], cfFksf h:t} xlof k"mn kmNg], ltneGbf ;]v 7"nf lrNnf u]8f kmNg], ;fgf] rf}8fO
xg], Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] t]nfn bfgf cfn; . lt:snltl:snf] gf) [tLvf] sLnf]] vf];|g] s
fddf pkof]u ulg] sf7, afF; cflbsf] sLnf] . ltxfO gf) [ tLg] t];|f] efu jf lx:;f tLg
v08sf] Ps v08 t[tLof+z . ltxf/ gf) sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzLb]lv sflt{s zSn ltLof;Dd kf
Fr lbg dgfOg] rf8 jf pT;j (sfu ltxf, ss ltxf, ufO{ ltxf, uf]? ltxf efO ltxf) odk
kfjnL . > ltxf/] lj) ltxf kj{;DaGwL ltxfsf] ltxfdf ufOg] (b]p;L, e}nf] cflb nf]suLt)
ltxg gf) [;+) ltdg] eft d5] vfOg] emf]n tsfL bfn, tsfL cflb l;tg . ~ rvjf lj) !
g rfVg] jf ltxgsf] :jfb ljrf ug]{ . @= slxn] stf, slxn] stf vfP lxF8\g] . #= slx
n] Pp6f sfd, slxn] csf]{ sfd ug]{ l:y cf;g gePsf] . :qL) ltxgrvjL . > ltxg ] lj)
w]} ltxg vfg] (JolQm) ltxg ksfpg] (efF8f]) . tL ;j{) [Tof]] t[tLo k?if axjrgdf
k|of]u xg] Tof] zAbsf] axjrg jf cfbfyL{ k . tLI0f lj) [;+)] != ltvflPsf] tLvf] w
. @= k|v tLj| 6f7f] . #= ud pi0f s6 :jefjsf] ss{z ;lxg;lsg] . $= ltSv :jfbsf] .
eq vf]qmf ePsf xlof nfdf kft xg], nfdf] 8fF7df ;]tf] 8Nnf] uR5f eP 6Kkfdf kmNg
], df6f]dlg cfnh:t} uf]n, y]Krf bfgf kmNg], tsfL, d;nf cf}ifwLsf sfddf cfpg], kx]
Fnf], ftf] ;]tf] tLg yL af]qmf xg] k|l;4 sGb . tf gf)tLI0f xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt .
~ b[li6 lj) ;fx|} ;"Id sf klg leq};Dd ulxl/P/ ag ;Sg] ;"Idb[li6 . ~ al4 lj) tLvf]
al4 ePsf] al4dfg\ szfu| . tLvf] lj) x]) ltvf] . tLh gf) x]) lth . tLh/f] gf) x]) l
th/f] . tLh] gf) x]) lth] . tLt] gf) x]) ltt] . tLtf] lj) x] lttf] . tLg gf) x]) ltg
@ tL/! gf) [;+)] != gbL jf vf]nfsf] bO{ltsf] lsgf t6 . @= 5]p .

;]tf] ldl;Psf] j0f{ jf \u . @= ltn rfdn ldnfP vfOg] sf] . > ltnrfdn] lj) != cfwf k
n]sf] cfwf gkmnL 5f;ld; ePsf] (s]z jf f}F) . @= sfnf ltn ;]tf rfdn ld;fpFbf :ki6
b]lvPem}F 5lg] (j0f{, cflb) . ltn kmn gf) [ltn k"mn] ltnh:tf] ;]tf] bfgf xg] jf k
ms]sf] emKkfbf Ps yL k"mn . ltnldn lqm) lj) [c) d")] si6, rf]6 cflbn] cfFvf gb]Vg]
jf rSsfpg] uL . > ltnldnfO gf) ltnldnfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ltnldnfOg c) lqm) ltn
ldn xf]Og . ltnldnfpg c) lqm) ltnldn xg ltldfpg 56k6fpg . ltnldlng c) lqm) ltn
dnfpg . ltnjfl;gL gf) [;+)] af:gf cfpg] rfdn xg] Ps hftsf] wfg fhef]u wfg . ltn:d
L lj) [c) ltn:d O{] c;Dej 36gf jf cgkTof sfdsf ePsf] hfbuL jf r6sh:tf] . ltnx/L gf)
tn nxL] kf]ts ] f aLr efudf kg]{ uL ;gsf ;;fgf ufsf] Ps} nx hl8Psf] , unfdf klxg] , :
f:gLdflg;sf] ;f}efUosf] k|tLs uxgf . ltnf~hln gf) [;+)] != lkt[xnfO{ cFhnLn] r9fO
g] ltn;lxtsf] hn . @= ;w}s F f nflu ulg] sg} sfsf] Tofu . ltnfgL gf) [ltn kfgL] !=
b]j jf lkt[sfo{df ;\sNk ubf{ xftdf lnOg] ltn ld;fPsf] kfgL . @= sd{kfq . ltln\uf] g
f) [;+) t}n\u] kN6lgofF l;kfxL sDk ;}lgs . (pbf) ltln\uf] eGg dfQ} kf] ]5 s]6Ln] k
sf] . nf]suLt .) . ltnf]Qdf gf) [;+)] kf0fk|l;4 :ju{nf]ssL Ps ;GbL cK;f . ltnf}/f
f) [ltn cf}f] != sfnf] ;]tf] ldl;Psf] jf v}f ltnsf] h:tf] xg] 3f]8f . @= rfs cflb
lnof] j:tdf ltn ldnfP agfOPsf] n8\8 . sf]6 gf) g]kfnsf] slknj:t lhNnfdf kg],{
tf}lnxjf ahfb]lv kfFr lsnf]ld6 pQdf af0fu\uf gbLsf] lsgfdf l:yt, k|l;4 P]ltxfl;s :yn
. ltnf}/L gf) [ltn cf}L] != ;v jf lrgLsf] kfsdf ltn 6fFl;Psf] ;fgf] 8fF7h:tf] 6qm] v
fg]sf] . @= ;fgf] ltnf}f . ltNs] lj) [;+) ltns P] !=lgwfdf ;]tf] ;fgf] 6f6f] ePsf] (u
f]?) ltns] . @= ltns jf rGbgsf] l6sf] nufpg] (dflg;) ltns] . :qL) ltNsL . gf) #= ft
f] k"mn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] emf jf af]6 . ltNsf] gf) [ltns cf]] r}tj}zfvdf 5ftfh:tf] eP
kmNg] Ps hftsf] v . ltio gf) [;+)] != ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps kik gIfq . @= slnou . #=
kf}if df; k; dlxgf . lt; gf) [;+) lqzlt] !=aL; b;sf] hf]8 #) sf] c\s .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

tL/tg\g tL/@ gf) [kmf)] af0f, sfF8 . tL/Gbfh gf) [kmf)] af0f xfGg] dflg; lg;fgfafh
gwf{L . > tL/GbfhL gf) af0f xfGg] ;Lk jf cEof; . tL/ e"ld gf) [tL e"ld] gbL jf vf]nfs
f 5]p5fpsf] hUuf gbLsf] au . tL/jtL{ lj)[ ;+)] gbLsf] tLdf x]sf] jf xg] ;dbL| lsgf
ePsf] t6jtL{ . tL/xfgL gf) [kmf) tL xfg\ O{] af0f xfg] v]lng], s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps lsl;dsf]
]n . tLy{ gf)[ ;+)] != eQmx k"hf, bz{g cflb ug{ hfg] sg} gbL, s08, dlGb jf kljq :
yn k0oe"ld . @= gbL, tnfp cflb hnfzosf ;dLksf] kf}8g tg{ ;lsg] 7fpF jf To:tf] 7f
pFdf hfg]cfpg] af6f] . #= a\ufndf ;~rflnt ;+:s[t kLIffsf] Ps pkflw . $= ;GGof;Lxsf]
Ps zfvf . sfs gf) != tLy{df bfg lnP lgjf{x ug]{ JolQm . @= tLy{sf] sf}jf . #= nf]e
L dfG5] . > tLy{\s/ gf) != h}g ;Dk|bfosf k|dv b]jtf jf pkf:o wdf{rfo{ . @= lji0f
. k/f]lxt gf) tLy{ jf 3f6df a;] bfg lng] tyf kf]lxTofOF ug]{ a|fXd0f k08f . ~ ofq
f gf) wfld{s kmnk|flKtsf] p2]Zon] tLy{df hfg] sfd tLy{ hfgsf lglDt ulg] ofqf tLyf{6g
. ~ ofqL gf) tLy{ hfg] JolQm tLyf{? . jf; gf) tLy{df uP a:g] sfd tLy{sf] a;fO . j
lj) tLy{df uP a;]sf] tLy{ ug{ a;]sf] tLy{ ug{ hfg] . ~ :yfg gf) tLy{ ulg] kljq 7fpF t
y{ . ~ :gfg gf) tLy{df gxfpg] sfd . tLyf{6g gf) tLy{sf] e|d0f jf 3dfO tLy{ofqf .
tLyf{? gf) tLy{ hfg] JolQm tLy{ofqL . tLy] { lj) x]) lty]{ . tLj| lj) [;+)] != ;fx|}
l56f] w]} rfF8f] . @= s8f jf rsf]{ (:jfb, :j cflb) . #= tLvf] tLI0f . $= ;lxg;lsg]
. ~ ult lj) w]} l56f] lxF8\g] j]ujfg\ . gf) @= l56f] lxF8\g] sfd bt | j]u . tf gf)
Lj| xg] efj jf cj:yf tLI0ftf l56f]kg . tL; gf) x]) lt; . > tL;f}F lj) x]) lt;f}F .
t8 f] gf) [;+) t'08] !=d'vaf6 ;k|of; xfjf lgsfNg' kbf{ b'jl} tsf cf]7 8f]lnP 6'6Lh
:tf] ePsf] 7fpF cfuf] k'mSbf xfjf lg:sg] Kjfn . @= vnfFtLaf6 xfjf lg:sg] 6'6L Kjfn
. #= sndsf] 6fFsf jf 6'Kkf] . $= ux',F hf}, wfg cflbsf] e'm; . ofp -cfO)] t'OS F
ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t'OS ofO gf) [ t'OS [>] t'OSofOg' s) lqm) s'g} k]o kbfy{ t
gtg lkOg' . t'OSofpg ;) lqm) [c) d") tOFs\ ofp g] hfF8, S;L, ;j{t cflb k]o kbfy{ tgt
lkpg l9nf] guL Ps}gf;n] sg} k]o kbfy{ lkpg . > tOSofx6 gf) t'OFSofpg] efj, lqmo
f jf cj:yf t'OS F ofO .
570

t'Ot O ' lqm) lj) [c) d") t'OF (l))] t'OlF sg] uL jf t'OS F ofP F O ' F tgtg 3'6'3
> t'Ot'OtL lqm) lj) cem l56f] t'Ot kf] tgtgL . t'Og gf) ljz]if uL kxf8L v08df k'ns
jfkf alnof] 8f]L s;L 3'f]{ ePsf] 8f]L e'mG8fOg] To;}df a;L gbL jf vf]nfsf jflkfl
s ;fwg t'lxg . t's gf) [;+)] != zf:qLo kBrgfsf k|To]s kfpsf cGtdf kb jf cIfsf] ;dfg
cfj[lQ jf Pstf cGTofg'k|f;sf] Ps k . @= ts{ jf a'l4l;tsf] ;xdlt jf ;
\ult . #= t'Ssf
. aGbL gf) sfJofg'zf;gdf t's;DaGwL aGwg kBrgfdf t'ssf] k"0f{ cg';0f ug]{ sfd t's ld
fpg] sfd . t'Ssf gf) [t'ssf] t'saGbL ldn]sf] kb jf kbfjnL . t'vn gf) [g]jf)] ; lgrf]
lPsf] pv'sf] vf]:6f 6'vn vf]Onf] . t'
u \ lj) [;+)] !=cUnf] pGgt pRrf] nfdf] . gf)
f8 lzv r'r'f] . > t'
u \ f gf) b'O{ gu0f b'O{ u'? ePsf] Ps 5Gb . t'
l \ udf gf) cUn
. t'
j \ f gf) [ef]) a) ] pl;g]sf] sf]bf] jf ds} cldNofO{ agfOPsf] hfF8 df8L 5f]qmf
g5'fO{sg agfOPsf] emf]n lkkfn] r';] vfOg] afF; jf sf7sf] 9'
\u|f] . t'R5 lj) [;+)] !=
gLr, r'Tyf] 5f]6f] . @= gu0o hfaf] ;fgf] . #=cNk If'b| xLg . $= dGb lgM;f z"Go . %
{g bLg . tf gf) gLrtf cNktf . > t'lR5g' c) lqm) t'R5 aGg' . t'R5fO gf) t'lR5g] jf t
aGg] sfd jf sfObf . t'R5fOg' s) lqm) t'R5 kflg' . t'R5fpg' k|) ] lqm) t'R5 kfg{' jf
t'Nofpg' . t'hs ' gf) [c)] != cx
\sf/ 3dG8 ;]vL . @= an tfut zlQm x'tL . #= dft db
. t'08 gf)[ ;+)] !=d'v cg'xf y't'gf] r'Rrf] . @= ;'F8 . #= s'g} rLhsf] 6'Kkf] . > t'l
08 gf) t'08 ePsf] j:t' (d'v, r'Rrf], y't'g' cflb) . lj) @= 6'F8jfnf . t'l08n gf) !
= ukmf8L at'f] jfrfn . @= gfO6f] aflx lg:s]sf] gfO6] . t'08L lj) != t'08 ePsf] 6'8 F
nf y'tg ' ' . gf)@ lzjsf Ps u0fsf] gfd u0f]z . t't'/f] gf) [c) d") t'\ (l))f]] k'?if
ln
\u t'Gt'f] (afnaf]nLdf) . t'g \ g ;) lqm) [;+) tg\ g] != kmf6]RofltPsf kfgf nu
f6f hf]8] jf 6fn] l;pg . @= l;ofn] km8\sg . > tg gf) tGg] sfo{ (tfgtg jf tgtfg
;Lldt) . tgtfg gf) RofltPsf jf kmf6]sf nuf, sk8f cflb l;pg]jg]{ sfd sg} klg j:
t jf rLhnfO{ hf]8hf8 ug]{, ldnfpg] cflb sfd . tgfO gf) tGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
tgfOg s) lqm) tGg] jf tlgg] kflg . tgfpg k|) ] lqm) tGg nufpg tlgg]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
571

tlgoft'?t'? #= Eofpg' . t'/u gf) [;+)] 3f]8f cZj . ~ a|Xdro{ gf) :qL g} gkfpgfn] dfq
lnOPsf] jf cFuflnPsf] a|Xdro{ . t'/
\u gf) [;+)] != 3f]8f t'u . @= dg lrQ . t'/t'/ gf
[c) d") t'\c (l))] tn kbfy{ cflbsf] nuftfsf] emfO jf To;L embf{sf] Wjlg . > t'/t'/t
m) lj) cem} l56f] t't' x'g] uL . t'/t'/fO gf) t't' x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t'/t'/fOg'
) lqm) t't' xf]Og' . t'/t'/fpbf] lj) t't' emg]{ vfnsf] t't' emnf{h:tf] . t'/t'/fpg
) t't' x'g' jf emg'{ . t'/t'l/g' c) lqm) t't' x'g' t't' emg'{ . t'/t'/ ] lj) != t'
't' emlxg] . gf) @= f]lsO{f]lsO{ yf]} dfqfdf lk;fa x'g] Ps f]u . t'/t'ofO gf) t'
jf k|lqmof . t'/xL gf) [;+) t"xL] ;gxLeGbf s]xL 7"nf] cfsfsf] d'vn] k'ms] ahfOg] Ps k
|sfsf] afhf gl;{
\uf . t'/fO gf) [ t'/\ -cfO)] t'g{] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof ;dflKt . [
t'/fOg' s) lqm) t'g]{ kflg' . t'/fpgL gf) t'gL{ . t'fpg' k|]) lqm) t'g{ nufpg' ;dfKt
fg'{ . t'l/g' s) lqm) != t'g]{ kflg' ;lsg' . c) lqm) @= ;dfKt x'g' . t'l/k'm/L gf) [
;+) Tjl:k"mlt{] 3dG8 ;]vL cledfg r'lk'mL . t'/L! gf) [af) af])] ln
\u jf d"t . t'/L
+)] n'uf a'Gg] Ps pks0f y'L . t'/Lo lj) [;+)] != rf}yf] rt'y{ . gf) @= a|Xd jf kdfTdf
f ;fy tbfsf x'g k'Ug] k|f0fLsf cfTdfsf rff}F cj:yf e]b1fgsf] ;dflKt eO{ cfTdf a|Xdr
}tGo x'g] of]usf] cj:yf df]If . #= d'vaf6 pRrf0f x'b F fsf] jf0fLsf] cj:yf jf0fLsf
kf, kZoGtL, dWodf j}vL rf e]bdWo] Ps (j}vL) . $= ljz]if uL jf:t' d"lt{snfdf k|of]u
g] rf cdnafasf] gfkf] rf OGrLsf] gfkf] . %= j0ff{>dJoj:yfcg';f jfgk|:y cf>deGbf kl5
|x0f ulg] ;GGof;f>d rt'yf{>d . ~ oGq gf) l;4fGt Hof]ltifdf u|xxsf] c+z gfKg] sfddf k
|of]u ulg] oGq . t'? ' Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") t'?s\s] != s'g} klg tn kbfy{ (kfgL, cfF;'
, t]n cflb) ;fgf]eGbf ;fgf] kldf0fdf r'x'g] uL tKk tSs . lj) @= yf]} ckof{Kt . t'?

+) t'?:s] sfg'g jf ;fdflhs lgodsf b[li6n] ckfwL jf bf]ifL 7xlPsf] JolQmnfO{ p;sf b
'j} v'f l5fO{ b08 lbOg], b'O6f 7"n7"nf sf7df Kjfn vf]lkPsf] pks0f l7Fu ' f] . t'?t'?
qm) lj) [c) d")t'/ \ \ p (l))] != s'g} klg tn kbfy{ (cfF;' kfgL, lk;fa, t]n cflb) v
6fO{v6fO{ nuftf emb}{ jf t'ls{Fb} .

kfg'{ . t'lgg' s) lqm) t'gfOdf kg'{ t'gfOdf k]sf] x'g' . t'lgof gf) [;+) tlGqs] nFuf}
6L . t'g ' gf) [;+) tGt'] != bf}f, ef]6f], rf}aGbL cflbdf 6fFssf ;fdf ufFl;g] TofGb
|] aGwg t'gf] . @= l;/s, 8;gf, l;fgL cflbsf vf]ndf d'v aGb ug{ flvg] To:t} j:t' lkmQ
f t'gf t'g' 3'F8L . t'g] lj) [t'g ' P] t'gf] ePsf] t'gfjfn t'gfsf cfsfsf] t'gf]h:t
~ Rofp gf) hldgdf knfpg], t'gfh:tf] nfDrf] x'g] Ps hftsf] Rofp . ~ af?nf] gf) t'g
fh:t} nfdf] u'F8df uf]nf] nufP a:g], ;fgf] cfsfsf] b]lvg], ljiffn' vfnsf], kt
\uju{d
f kg]{ Ps sLf] af?nfsf] Ps hft . ~ af]8L gf) nxfsf cfFVnfcfFVnfdf kmNg], nfdf gd sf]
f x'g] Pj+ sf];fleq bfgf nfUg], Ps hftsf] tsfLljz]if tg]af]8L af]8Lsf] Ps hft . t'gf
] gf)x]) t'g' . t'Gsg ;) lqm) ! 3sf] dl;g sfd ug{ . @= tGg . > tGsfO gf) tGsg]
sfd jf k|lsof . tGs];f] gf) 3sf] ;fgf]ltgf] sfd 3wGbf sf]7w ] Gbf tfgtfgtgtg . t
t/LtGt/f] gf) [c) d") t/\ -l)_ O{cf]] tt/f] 9s/ -af) af])_ . tGb|f gf) [c\]
|jk|b]zsf cf;kf;sf] lxpFn] 9flsPsf] hldg . @=lxdfnsf] To:t} hldg vfu . tkmfg gf)
[c) t"kmfg] hf]8;Fu rNg] xfjf cfFwLa]L xLatf; cfFwL ;dbl| t cfpg] cfFwLa]L ;a}lt
fg]{ ;dbL | dxfjft xG8L . > tkmfgL lj) != tkmfg;DaGwL tkmfgsf] . @= 7"nf] pkb|f
] dRrfpg] pTkftL . td8L gf) [;+) tDa6L] hf]uLsf] leIff dfUg] efF8f] leIffkfq . t
dn  lj) [;+)] != cToGt pTs6 jf tLj| k|r08 3f] (h:tf]tdn  Wjlg, tdn  o4) . gf)
@= ;]gfsf] sf]nfxn o4sf] xnrn . tDaf gf) [;+)] k]6 emG8} uf]nfsf eO{ kms]sf] 3fF
6LrflxF ;fgf] xg] Ps k|sfsf] nf}sf tlDasf . > tDaL gf) ! ;fgf] cfsfsf] tDaf . @=
tDafsf cfsfsf] efF8f] . #= k]6 jf zLsf cGo c\udf ePsf] jft, ljsf cflbsf] pkrf ubf{ T
;} c\udfly aQL afnL 5f]Kg k|of]u ulg] uf]nfsf efF8f] . tDa? gf) [;+)] lji0fsf glh
s xg] Ps uGwj{sf] gfd . tDaf] gf) [tDaf cf]] != l5lKkPsf] tDafleqsf] ubL, sl;\u cf
lb lgsfnL agfOPsf] efF8f] . @= k]6 eF8L . tDn]6 gf) [c\) 6DAn] ;fy}df af]s] 6f9f st
} ;lIft tjn] nfg ;lsg], kfgL fVg] wft jf Knfl:6ssf] efF8f] . t/ \ g ;) lqm) [;+)
tLo > t/ g] != 6U \ ofpg l;4fpg ;dfKt ug{ ;Sg . @= sfd k"f ug{ tfldn ug{
.

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

t?Gtt?Gt}tnL t?Gtt?Gt} lqm) lj) [;+) Tjttt] rfF8} em nuQ} em} plTgv]} p
lQs} tTIf0f tTsfn tGt . > t?Gtft?GtLt/Gtft/GtL lqm) lj) != Psbd t?Gt . gf) @= x
ff] . t?k gf) [c\) 6Dk] sg} Ps nfO{ k|wfg dfg] v]lng] tf;sf] v]nljz]if . ts { gf
) t?is] != tsb { z ] tls{:tfg . @= tls{:tfgsf lgjf;L . #= ;}lgs . ts { g c)
lqm) [tsf]{ g] tsf]{ emg{ tn kbfy{ rxg . > tsf{O gf) tsg { ] lqm|of jf k|lqm
of tsf]{ emg]{ sfd . tls{g  c) lqm) tn kbfy{ rlxg tsg {  . tls{:yfg gf) tSof
{pg] 7fpF lk;fa k]mg]{ 7fpF d"qfno . tsL{ lj) [t) ts{ O{] != tls{:tfg;DaGwL ts{ b
]zdf a:g] . gf) @= ts]{nL efiff . #= ts]{nxsf] b]z . ts]{ gf) [tsf]{ P] hfF8 . t
sn {] gf) [ts{ Pn] tls{:tfgsf] hflt . ts]{nL lj) [ts{ PnL] != ts{xsf] b]z;DaGwL
. gf) @ tsn {] . tsf] { gf) [c) d")t\ sf]] != b"w, t]n kfgL cflb sg} klg tn kbfy{
sf] lgDgtd kldf0f . @= To:tf] kldf0fsf] emfO . tSof{O gf) [ tls{ ( ofO)] tSof{pg] l
mof jf k|lqmof . [>] tSof{Og s) lqm) != sg} klg tn kbfy{ rxfOg . @= lk;fa ulg
[ . tSof{Onf] lj) != tls{g] vfnsf] tn (kbfy{) . @= tsf]{ dfq emfg{ kUg] ;fx|} yf
] . tSof{pg ;) lqm) ! sg} klg tn kbfy{ rxfpg tsf]{ emfg{, wff] nfpg . @= lk;f
a ug{ t?t? dTg . tgL{ gf) [ t \ gL] != sg} klg sfdsf] ;dflKt 6U \ ofpgL Ol
= sg} sfd ;dfKt xFbf dgfOg] pT;j, vfOg] ef]h jf lbOg] Ogfd tfpgL . to { lj) [;+
)] tLo rf}yf} . > tof{>d gf) rtyf{>d ;GGof;f>d . t/ { lqm) lj) [c) d") t\ ] kfg
w, t]n cflb sg} klg tn kbfy{sf] ;fgf] wff] em]em}F . ;ft) t???, t??{ . tn { \
m) lj) [c) d") tn {
\ ] != sg} j:t emlG8g] jf emlG8P xlNng] lsl;dn] . @= kGof
nf] jf kfgLsf] dfqf a];L xg] uL . tnsnfot gf) sg} klg sfd ;~rfng ug]{ ;Lk jf sn
f oGq;~rfngsf] sf}zn (pbf) Og} aGbssf] tnsnfot ltg} d;dfgn] hfGofsf] x]5 -lbJo_ .
tnhf gf) [;+)] tn]Ho" ejfgL . tngf gf) [;+)] != u0f, dfg, cfsf cflbsf b[li6n] P
seGbf a9L j:tdf kfOg] ;dfgtf jf c;dfgtfsf] kLIf0f ug]{
572

sfd bfFHg] sfd bfFhf] tNotf . @= tf}ng] jf hf]Vg] sfd lgwf{0f ug]{ sfd . tngfTds lj
[;+)] tngf ulPsf] tngf ePsf] (pbf) tngfTds efifflj1fg, tngfTds ;flxTo, tngfTd
s wd{, tngfTds zLlj1fg O) ._ . tf gf) tngfTds xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . tngLo lj) [;
+)] k:k bfFHg nfos tngf ug{ of]Uo . tnkmn gf) [;+) tNo k"mn] sf]7]afL jf afLdf km
f ;Gtnf, sfutL, cDaf cflb kmnk"mn kmnk"mn . tnan gf) != dgsf] r~rntf jf cl:ytf ;s
;sL x8a8 v;v; . @=lrGtf lkmqmL kL . > tnanfO gf) tnan ug]{ :jefj, sfo{ jf u0f .
nanfOg c) lqm) tnan ug]{ xf]Og . tnanfpg c) lqm) tnanfpg x8a8fpg . tna
nfx6 gf) tnanfO . tnanL gf) tnan . tnan ] lj) tnan ug]{ r~rn . tnaNofOtnj
Nofx6 gf) tnalng] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . tn/\u gf) [;+) t"nfu] != ftf] sf] Ps k|s
@= t"n . tn;L gf) [;+)] != d~hLdf ;]tf jf sn]hL sf k"mn kmNg] ;;fgf af:gfbf kft xg
] vf; uL lxGb", j}i0fjxff kljq dflgPsf] Ps af]6 j[Gbf s[i0ff . @= kf0fk|l;4 Ps b]
sf] d7 gf)hldgaf6 clnslt l9:sf] p7fO{ ;lIft lsl;dn] wfld{s efjgfff k|l] t eP tn;Lsf
af]6 f]lkPsf] :yfgljz]if tn;Ld7 . sf] ln\uf] gf) cfsfzaQL emG8fP tn;Lsf] d7g] j
;LxFbf] klg ufl8g] afF; . bnkq gf) tn;Lsf] d~h/Lleq /x]sf ;fgf bfgf aLh tn;Lsf] k
ft . tnf gf) [;+)] != tfh, sfF6f tnf] . @=afx| flzdWo] ;ftf}F flz . ~ bfg gf) bfgL
JolQmn] cfgf] zLsf tf}nafasf] ;g, rfFbL, cGg cflb tf}n] a|fXd0fnfO{ lbg] bfg . w
JofkfL Joj;foL algofF . @= g]jfhfltsf] Ps ju{ . ~ k/LIff gf) tfhdf Psfkl df6f] c
cleoQmnfO{ fv] klxnf]k6s tf}ng] csf]k { 6s k]ml tf}lnFbf cleoQmsf] tf}n 36L b]lvP
df ckfwL 7xofOg] Ps k|frLg Gofok4lt . tlnufF8f] gf) [;+) t"nu08] afSnf] h\undf a:g
?rfpg] dflg;sf] k|j]z xFbf xNnf u] ag} sf]nfxndo kfg]{ Ps kIfL . tlnt lj) [;+)] !
= hf]lvPsf] c8sn ul/Psf] . @= bfFlhPsf] tngf ul/Psf] . tnL gf) [tnf] O{] != bAnL
. gf) @= lzzcj:yfdf /f]u lgsf] xf]nf / df]6L xf]nL eGg] p2]Zon] tnfsf] Psflt/ u
f]a/ / csf{lt/ dfG5] u/L tf}lnPsL gf/L .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
573

tn]t[tLof tlxg! gf) [c\) 6Og] x]) tOg . tlxg@ gf) [;+)] != lxpF lxd . @= akm . #
rfFbgL . $= sOf] . > tlxgf+z gf) rGb|df h"g . tlxgfrn gf) lxdfno kxf8 lxdfn . t
xg c) lqm) [;+) tx g] != ue{ lug{ clwu|f] hfg e|"0f emg{ . @= tR5 xg sd xg
. #= ;flaseGbf sd :tsf] xg . $= lasfd] xg v] hfg . > txs ] f]txq ] f] gf) != t
x]sf] aRrf clwqmf] . @= aRrf] tx]sf] ufO{a:t . t"0f gf) [;+)] af0f fVg] efF8f] 7f
]qmf] . > t"0fL gf) != jf:t tyf d"lt{snfdf k|of]u xg], cf7 cdnafasf] gfkf]nfO{ a
emfpg] zAb cf7 c\unsf] gfkf] . @= af0f fVg] efF8f] 7f]qmf] . t"0fL/ gf) 7f]qmf] t"0f
. t"n gf) [;+)] != skf;sf] af]6 jf skf; ?jf . @= Ps hftsf] ftf] sk8f . #= cfOdfO{xn]
skfn af6\bf nfpg] Ps k|sfsf] wfuf] . > t"lnsf gf != lrqsfn] lrq n]Vtf kf]Tg] s"rL a
?; . @= skf; sft] agfOPsf] aQL . #= skf; vfFb] agfOPsf] tlsof jf u2f . $= sf7 Kjfn
kfg]{ Ps k|sfsf] cf}hf adf{ . t[0f gf) [;+)] != 5]:sfsf kdf pd|g] sg} klg pb\leh (b
"af], v, kfn, sz cflb) 3fF; 3fF;kft . @= lemqmflemqmL . ~ sdsd gf) Ps k|sfsf] ;uG
L b|Jo sdsdkftL . ~ s6L/ gf) v, kfn cflbsf] emk|f] 3fF; kftsf] emk|f] 5fk|f] s
. ~ hnf}sf gf) p8\g] ktnLsf] nfef{ . ~ e"ld gf) 3fF; k|z:t pld|Psf] 7fpF jf If]q
. do lj) 3fF;}3fF; ePsf] 3fF;}3fF;n] ag]sf] . jt\ lj) != 3fF;afa . @= cToGt tR5
gu0o . t[tLo lj) [;+)] t];f | ] . ~ cGt/ lxdoucGt/ lxdfgL gf)kftjzf:qcg;f t[tLo
y{ lxdousf aLrsf] lxdou . > t[tLos lj) != k|To]s tLgtLg lbgdf xg] . gf) @= tLg
tLg lbg lafP cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] Hjf] t}of lthf] . ~ v08 gf) ! sg} j:t jf ;\Vofsf]
] tLg efusf] Ps efu Ps t[tLof+z . @= e"ue{zf:qcg;f hLjgsNk gfds ou rty{v08k"j{sf
] ou :tgkfoL ou . ~ k|sl [ t gf) gk+;s . ~ >]0fL gf) t];|f] tx . t[tLof+z gf) !=
tLg v08sf] Ps v08 jf efu . lj) @= Ps ltxfO . ~ lxdoulxdfgL gf) cfheGbf nueu b O
{ nfv jif{ k lxn] k| f De ePsf] , kftjzf:qcg;fsf] Ps ou ltLo t[tLo cGt lxdousf
f] Ps ou . t[tLof gf) [;+)] != s[i0fkIf jf zSnkIfsf] t];f | ] ltly rfGb|df;sf] k
|To]s kIfsf] t];|f] ltly . @= Jofs0fdf s0f sfs jf To;sf] ljelQmlrXg . ~ tTk?if gf)
t[tLof ljelQmljgf s0f sfssf] cy{ lbg] tTk?if ;df; .

tn ] gf) [tnf] P] lzzcj:yfdf /f]u lgsf] xf]nf / df]6f] xf]nf eGg] p2]Zon] tnfsf]
Psflt/ uf]a/ / csf{lt/ dfG5] /fvL hf]lvPsf] JolQm hf]v] . tn] uf8f] gf) [;+) t'nu0
8] != 3gf hndf a:g] / Pp6f s/fpFbf jf af:bf x"n} s/fpg] jf af:g] Ps hftsf] r/f] t
lnufF8f] . lj) @= gldNbf] jf g;xfpFbf] u/L nuf, uxgf cflb nufpg] . #= a]d]nsf]
cldNbf] 8]a|f] . tnf] gf) [;+) tnf] hf]Vg] ;fwg tnf tfh . tNo lj) [;+)] != ;dfg
k|sf jf >]0fLsf] afa ;dfg . @= of]Uo . #= ;dk . $= ;dbzL{ . sIf lj) ;dfg jf afa
tf gf) afaL ;dfgtf . of]lutf gf) cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . ~ k|fwfGo lj) Jo\Uofy{ klg jf
} rdTsfL ePsf] jf rdTsfsf b[li6n] Jo\Uo cy{ jfRo cy{ afa} k|wfg ePsf] (u0fLe"t Jo\
f] Ps e]b) . tNofO gf) [ tNofp ( cfO)] tNofpg] sfd . [>] tNofOg s) lqm) tof kflg
gdf{0f ufOg . tNofpg ;) lqm) [;+) tNo cfp g] != agfpg tof kfg{ lgld{t ug{ 7L
. @= ufpg kfg{ . #= ;dfg kfg{ . $= dxL kfg{ . %= uef{wfg ug{ jLo{bfg ug{ . t
jfnf] gf) [;+) tdfn] udL{ ofddf wtL{dfly ltld eP p8]sf] b]lvg] w"dd08n jf w"lnd08n P
lsl;dsf] kftnf] s'lxf] KjfFnf] . t'if gf) [;+)] != cGgflbsf] e'; . @= k'mnsf] va6f
] . #= af]{ . > t'iffgn gf) != e';sf] cfuf] . @= k|frLg ;dodf e'; jf 3fF;k/fnsf] c
fufdf 89]/ lnOg] Ps y/L k|folZrQ . t'iff/ gf)[ ;+)] != t';ff] 7fF6f] akm . @= lxpF .
#= Ps k|sfsf] sk" lrlgofFsk" . kft gf) lxpFbdf lxpF jf t';ff]sf] jiff{ . /f]wL lj
;ff]n] g5'g] . @= t';ff]nfO{ 5]Ng] . t'i6 lj) [;+)] != ;Gt'i6 k|;Gg klt[Kt dSv . @=
t c3fPsf] k"0f{ 6Gg . tf gf) ;Gtf]if t[lKt . > t'li6 gf) ;Gt'li6 t[lKt, k|;Ggtf .
) [;+) t'if] != s'g} j:t'sf] z]if, afFsL cjz]if s; s; . @= j}efj OaL bfufwfO ]if
gf) [;+) t'iff] !=hf8fsf df};ddf zLt jf kfgLsf] afkm hdL hldgsf 3fF;kftdf kg]{ ;]
tf] j:t' hd]sf] zLt . @= hd]sf] kfgL 7fF6f] akm . #= hd]sf] emL jf ;f] emL e'O{Fdf hd
y'lk|Psf] cj:yf lxpF lxds0f . t'xfO gf) [ t'x' (+cfO)] t'x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>]
t'xfOg' s) lqm) t'lxg] kfl/g' . t'xfpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) ;do gk'Ub} ue{ lufpg' clwu|
f] emfg'{ ue{kft ufpg' jf ug{ nufpg' . t'xfj6 gf) t'xfO .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65

t[tLof>dt]kf{O t]kf{o t]k{] t[ t Lof>d gf) [;+ ) ] rf cf>ddWo] t] ; | f ] cf>d jf

f>d . t[Kt lj) [;+)] != ;Gt[Kt ;Gt'i6 klt'i6, c3fPsf] . @= k|;Gg v';L . > t[lKt gf) !
;Gtf]if, kltf]if . @= k|;Ggtf . t[iff gf) [;+)] != Kof; ltvf{ . @= 7"nf] OR5f . #=
nfn;f pT;'stf nf]e . > t[iffn' lj) ltvf{Psf] ltvf{n' . t[lift lj) !=Kof;f] Kof;L lt
Psf] ltvf{n[' . @= nfnrL pT;'s . t[i0ff gf) [;+)] != Kof; ltvf{ . @= OR5f nfn;f nf]e
K;f rfxgf clenfiff . t]O; gf) [k|f) t]jL;] != aL; tLgsf] of]u;
\Vof @# sf] c
\s . lj)
aL; tLgsf] of]u;
\Vofsf] aL;eGbf tLg ;
\Vof a9L ePsf] . > t]O;f}F lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] t
]O; ;
\Vofdf k]sf] t]O;df kg]{ . t]h! lj) [kmf)] != k'mlt{nf] 5l/tf] . @= tLI0f a'l4jf
nf lgk'0f l;kfn' . #= l56f] lxF8g \ ;Sg] zL3|ufdL . t]h@ gf) [;+)] != k|sfz Hof]lt sf
Gt bLlKt pHofnf] rds . @= kfqmd axfb'L . #= jLo{ . $= ;f . %= tfk udL{ . kft gf)
f] vsf] h:tf] l;Gsf}nL cyf{t\ ;'uGwL kft t]hkQf t]hkq . kmn gf) l;nl6d' . d"n gf)
sf08sf 6'Kkfdf dfq xfFuflaFuf nfuL nfdfnfdf kft x'g] Ps j[Ifljz]if t]hjtL t]hf]jt
L . jtL gf) t]hd"n (j[If) . t]hl:jtf gf) [;+)] t]h:jL x'g] sfd t]h:jL x'gfsf] efj t]
lhnf]kg . t]hl:jgL gf) [;+)] != t]h ePsL jf zlQmzfnL :qL anjfg\ :qL . lj) @= t]lhn
L (:qL) . t]h:jL lj) [;+)] != t]h ePsf] rdsbf pHHjn . @= zlQmzfnL anjfg\ . #= uf}jzfn
. $= gfd rn]sf] k|l;4 . %= k|tfkL . ^= k|efjzfnL . t]hx/g gf) [;+) t]hf]x0f] != sf
d w]} eP jf cGo s'g} klg zfLls kl>daf6 cfpg] ysfg Unflg . @= dfgl;s kdf cfpg] x}fgL
. #= t]hf]jw ckdfg . t]hfa gf) [kmf)] wft'x unfpg] zlQm ePsf] tn, Iff kbfy{ cs{ cv
hfaL lj) [kmf)] != t]hfajfnf t]hfa;Fu ;DalGwt . gf) @= t]hfasf] JofkfL . #= t]hfasf
;xfotfn] z'4 kflPsf] ;'g jf rfFbL . ~ ;'g gf) t]hfan] vf] z'4 kflPsf] ;'g . t]hf/t g
) [c) lthft] != ?lkofFk};f, ;'grfFbL cflbsf] gub Jofkf f]huf . @= Aofh, l3pvfg] cflb
lng] uL ?lkofFk};f n]gb]g ug]{ sfd . ~ cf gf) != f0ffsfndf ;sfL sd{rfLnfO{ rfFbtf]8f
g]lbg] cf . @= ?lkofF k};f;DaGwL sfd ug]{ Ps ;sfL cf .
574

t]lhnf]! lj) [kmf) t]h Onf]] != l56f] kmlt{nf] 5ltf] . @= alnof] . #= tLI0f al4 ePsf
] . t]lhnf]@ lj) [;+) t]h Onf]] t]hoQm rxlsnf] pHofnf] k|sfz ePsf] . t]hL lj) [kmf) t
]h O{] != s8f alnof] tLj| . @= l56f] b|tufdL . t]hf] [;+)] t]h;\sf] ;df;ut k . e\u
= s;}sf] zlQm vtd kfg]{ lqm|of t]hsf] ljgfz uj{e\u . @= a]OHhtL ckdfg . do lj) != pH
jn k|sfzdfg\ . @= oz:jL . d" l t{ gf) != ;" o { efg . lj) @= t] h :jL . jtL gf)
]) t]hjtL . jw gf) != t]hnfO{ gfz ug]{ sfd . @= zlQm sd ufpg] sfd t]hf]x0f . t]t] gf
[af) af])] t]n . t]lQ; gf) [;+) qol:q+zt\] != tL; tLgsf] of]u;\Vof ## sf] c\s . lj)
@= tL; tLgsf] of]u\Vofafasf] . > t]lQ;f} lj) u0fgfsf qmdcg';f t]QL;df kg]{ t]QL;sf
]QL; gf) x] t]lQ; . > t]QL;f} lj) x]) t]lQ;f}F . t]Tnf gf)aonuf8Lsf] dfbndfly w'fdl
flvg] sf7 . t]wf/ gf) [;+) lqwff] tLg ;dfgfGt ljrfwff, ;f]rfO jf ts{sf] G t]xf]
) [;+) ltGb'] Ps jg:kltljz]if jf To;}sf] :jflbnf] tyf u'lnof] kmn . t]a/ lj) [tLga]
tLg bf]a tLg u'gf t]xf] ltu'gf lqu'0f t]Aa . t]la|g c) lqm) [t]a O g] t]a x
t]a xg] jf t]la|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . t]Ao|fOg s) lqm) t]Aa tNofOg . t]Ao|fpg
;) lqm)k|]) lqm) t]a kfg{ t]xofpg ltugf kfg{ . t]/ gf)lj)x]) t]x| . yd gf) t
. > t]/f}F lj) t]x|f}F . t]l/h gf) [c) txL] != sg} n]vf]6, sf cflbsf] ;ff+z dhag
F7L sf] lgrf]8 lgisif{ . @= hDdfhDdL . t]/L d]/L gf) [t]f] O{ d]f] O{] != cfcfgf] :
k|Zg . @= cfgf]cfgf] :jfldTjsf] j:tsf] aG8fkmG8f . #= l5gfkmfgf t]f]d]f] . t]/f] lj
[tF Pf] > ;+) tjs[t] tF;DaGwL tFdf kg]{ tFsf] efusf] (ltd|f], tkfO{Fsf]sf] cgfbjfrL k
. ~ d]/f] gf) != cfgf] csf{sf] cyf{t\ ddTj kTjsf] :jfy{ . @= j}olQms :jTj clwsf;
wL ljjfb, ts{ cflb . t]5f]{ lj)x]) t];f]{ . t]kf{Ot]kf{ot]k]{ lj) [;+) lto{Sky] clncl
dfq lefnf] jf cf]fnf] k]sf] clncln sf]N6f] k]sf] yf]} 9n'jf bD:ofOnf] . > t]Kof{O
f{O, F t]kf{oF jf t]k{] t'Nofpg] lqmof, k|lqmof

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65
575

t]l;{gt}of/ ltugf xg tLg 8an xg t]xl] g . > t]x/fO gf) t]xofO . t]xf] lj) [
n] != t]Aa t]a ltugf t]x]f] . lqm) lj) @= tLgk]m tLgkN6 . t]xofO gf) [t]xl ofO)
xf] kfg]{ sfd jf sfObf . t]xofOg s) lqm) t]xf] kflg . t]xofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) t
fg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . t]xl ] /g c)lqm)x]) t]xl/g . t]x/ ] f] lj)x]) t]x/f] . t]x
| gf) [k|f) t]x] != b; tLgsf] of]u;\Vof !# sf] c\s t] . lj) @= pSt ;\Vof jf c\sa
d gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] sf];L c~rnleq kg]{ Ps lhNnf . ~ lbg] lj) dbf{ t]x| lbg h7f]
nfUg] Pp6} vnssf e}ofb . > t]xf | F} lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] t]x| ;\Vofdf k]sf] t]x| ;\Vofs
f] t]f}F . t]xf |t } ] lj) [;+) tLelQm P] != ltxt eGg] k|bz ] sf] lgjf;L, j:t jf
. @= d}lyn a|fXd0fsf] Ps >]0fL . t} lgkf) [t P]] jfSosf] cfDedf cfO{ ljz]ifljz]if c
y{ lbg] Ps lgkft . (pbf) t} p;n] 7"nf] lauf u]g . t} ltdL cfPsf] eP sfd emg\ ;k|g]
lyof] . t} lg t} lg, a"9L afv|L lsg\ .) t}sft gf) [kmf) txsLsft] != lgwf] kSsfkSsL lg
0f{o txsLsft . @= vf]h cGj]if0f . t}h; lj) [;+)] != t]h ePsf] jf t]hoQm . @= pHHjn
rlDsnf] k|sfzdfg\ . #= kmlt{nf] hf]l;nf] ;fx;L cf]h:jL zlQmzfnL . gf) $= rlDsnf] kb
fy{ . %= l3p . ^= kfqmd . t}ltn gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f P3f s0fdWo] Ps . @= u}
F8f . #= b]jtf . t}t } ;+of]) [t} (l))] h] eof] l7s} eof] tfklg . (pbf) t}t} ltdL kl
g ;fy} uPsf] eP slt fd|f] xg] lyof] ) . t}lQ/Lo gf) [;+)] != s[i0f ohj]{bsf] Ps
zfvf . lj) @= ltqf];DaGwL . t}gftt}gfy gf) [c) tcogft] != lgolQm v6g . @= clwsf x}s
clVtof . jfnf lj) t}gfy ulPsf] (JolQm) clwsfjfnf . t}klg ;+of]) [;+) tyfklg > tfk
tfklg eP klg tyflk klg . t}la;]s lj) [;+) tb\ljz]if] != s]xL ;Grf] clns pQd . lqm)
j) @= fd|f] t s] xG5 eg] . (pbf) t}la;]s ltdL g} dsxfF cfpm .) . t}ld/ gf) [;+)] !
= ftdf xg] cfFvf;DaGwL Ps f]u tf}w F f] tGwf] . lj) @ ltld;DaGwL . > t}ldl/s lj)
vf gb]Vg] . t}of/ lj)x]) tof/ .

t]k]{kg . t]l;{g c) ls) [t];f]{ O g] != t];f]{ xg . @= t]l5{g . #= ;Tg . $= 6]l
9g . %= k5flg . ^= t];f]{ klg . t];f] { lj) [k|f) ltlR5] psfnf]cf]fnf] geO{ ;Dd k]
f] (af6f]) nDa ksf] geO{ 58\s] t]5f]{ . t]:of{O gf) [ tl;{ - ofO)] t];f{pg] lqmof jf k
lqmof . t]:of{Og s) lqm) t];f]{ kflg . t]:of{pg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != t];f]{ kf] f
t];f]{ kfg{ k;fg{ . @= dg gkg]{ uL cfpg jf hfg . t]n gf) [;+) t}n] ltn, tf]L O)
jf vlgh ;|f]taf6 lgsflnPsf] lrKnf] bxgzLn tn kbfy{ t}n . ~ s/ gf) t]nsf] pTkfbgdf n
ufOPsf] sljz]if . ~ If]q gf) k]6f]n cflb vlgh ;|f]tsf t]nsf] vfgL ePsf] 3f]lift If]
q . rfk| ] gf) sfe|] df5fh:tf] ;fgf] Ps vfnsf] df5f df5fsf] Ps hft . ~ lhe| ] lj) a
ft dfbf{ b?:t kf] gd|tf b]vfpg] t sfddf jf:tf gug]{ vfnsf] dvn] r]kff] kfg{ l;kfn
. wf/L gf) t]n k]Nbf kmnf] e] k]rfdf r]kL em]sf] t]nnfO{ tn yfk]sf] efF8f;Dd kofpg
;f]nL . kf6f gf) uf]?uf8fsf rSsfsf] Kjfndf kg]{ dfbn jf gfpleq kp l5fpgkj " { dfb
nleqsf] kmnfd] 88 F glvOof];\ dfbnsf] Kjfn 7"nf] eO{ rSsf glalu|of];\ egL wdf d
f]lan cflb nk]l6g] ;gkf6 . > t]nxg gf) t]noQm jg:klt -h:t}ltn, tf]L, abfd, lrpnL O
)_ t}nwfGo t}nfGg . t]nf/Lt]nfxf/L gf) != t]n 3:g] jf nfpg] sfd dfln; . lj) @= t]n;Da
GwL t]nljifos . t]lnof lj) [t]n Oof] t]nem}F 6lNsg] lrNnf] . ~ O6 gf) ljz]if k|lqmofaf
tof kflg] lrNnf], alnof] c;n vfnsf] OF6ljz]if . ~ hft gf) t]nL . ~ emf/ gf) kmn tyf
k"mn s]xL gnfuL s]jn lrNnf kft dfq x'g] kfgL x'g] v]tdf pd|g] Ps k|sfsf] emf . ~
df; gf) lrNnf] 6Nsg] Ps k|sfsf] df; . ~ /
gf) t]nsf] h:tf]
. ~ ;fk gf) uF8f}nfs
, t sfnf] eO{ Psbd 6Nsg] ljiffn' ;fFk . ~ lx/f gf)
\uLla
\uL cfefo'Qm kftnf] sfF6sf] x
. t]nL gf) [;+) t}nL > t]nO{] t]n k]Ng] k];f lnPsf] jf Joj;fo ug]{ JolQm t]n JofkfL
;fNdL . ~ aflaof] gf) != lkmsf kx]FNrf]
ePsf] 3fddf 6nSs 6Nsg], lrNnf] vfnsf] cf}i
fwLdf klg k|of]u x'g] aflaof] . @= gfds0fdf if08fds{ xjgsf ;dodf enfof];u F ldnfP
kf]lng] aflaof] . t];|f] lj) [;+) lt;|] u0fgfsf qmdn] tLgdf k]sf] tLgf}F t[tLo . ~ l
jZj gf) vf;uLsg Nofl6g cd]lsf, clk|msf Pl;of dxfb]zsf g]kfnnufot ljsf;f]Gd'v b]zx .
t]xl/g c) lqm) [t]xf] O g] tLgk6s cfj[lQ xg t]la|g

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65

t}/0ftf]o t}/0f gf) [;+) pQ0f] sg} j:t kfgLleq g8aL aflxL ;txdf txlg] sfd . t}ly{s
lj) [;+)] != kljq . @= tLy{;DaGwL . gf) #= tLy{ofqf ug]{ JolQm . $= tLy{df bfg l
ng] JolQm . %= sg} gofF wfld{s jf bfz{lgs l;4fGt k|ltkfbg ug]{ JolQm zf:qsf . ^=
Ps yL ;GGof;L . t}n gf) [;+)] t]n . sf/ gf) t]n k]Ng] a]Rg] JolQm . t]nL . ~ lrq gf
!= t]n ld;fOPsf] sf ;xfotfn] tof kflg] lrq . @= t]nuaf6 lrq agfpg] snf . b|f0 ] fL
k|frLg sfndf dflg;sf] nf;nfO{ ;lIft tNofOfVg t]n flvg] 7"nf] efF8f] . wfGo gf) t]
nxg t}nfGg . ~ oGq gf) t]n k]Ng] oGq jf ;fwg sf]n ;fn . ~ ofg gf) t]naf6 rNg] uf8L -d
f]6, df]6;fOsn, xjfOhxfh O)_ . zfnf gf) t]n k]Ng] oGq x]sf] 7fpF ;fn . > t}nfGg gf)
g] t]n cfpg] cGg t}nwfGo . t}nfEo\u gf) hLpdf t]n 3:g] sfd dfln; t]nfL . t}lns gf) !
]nL t]n k]Ng] dflg; ;fNdL . lj) @= t]n;DaGwL . t}lngL gf) t]naf6 aNg] aQL jf lbof]
. tf]s \ g ;) lqm) != oxL 7fpF, j:t jf JolQm xf] egL ls6fg ug{ ls6\g . @= lg0f{
o ug,{ ku]N { g . #= lrGg[ klxNofpg . $= 7f]s] eGg ls6fg ug{ . tf]s gf) [c) tf
}sLc] != lr7L, lgj]bgkq jf cGo sfuhftxdf ;+:yf jf sfof{nosf dVo clwsfLn] ljifo;Fu
;Da4 dGtJo, lgb]{zg jf lg0f{o lbg n]Vg] 5f]6f] a]xf]f cfb]z . @= lgsf;f . ~ cfb]z
gf) kqdf pNn]v ePcg;f ug{ufpg dVo xflsdn] tf]s n]v] lbg] cfb]z . tf]sfO gf) [ tf]s\
( cfO)] tf]Sg] sfd jf sfObf . [>] tf]sfOg s) lqm) tf]Sg nfOg . tf]sfpg k|) ] lqm
) tf]Sg nfpg . tf]sfxf lj) tf]Sg]jfnf kf]nfxf . tf]lsg s) lqm)tf]Sg] sfd ulg[ . tf
]sjf lj) != ls6fg ulPsf] lglZrt kdf lglb{i6 ulPsf] 7f]s] elgPsf] . @= tf]Sg] ls6fg
. #= ls6fgL lg0f{o jf ;f] lg0f{o;DaGwL (lnvt) . tf]Sdf gf) [ef]) a)] vf; uL kxf8L
v08df elofxn] dfn;fdfg af]Sg] af]emaf6 plePsf] pleo} lj>fd lng 9fssf kLFwdf cjnDa
:jk c8fpg] k|foM t];f]{ xftf] xg] rf]s] ePsf] alnof] nL cf8f . tf]6s gf) [;+)] != k|
To]s kfpdf rf ;u0f xg] hutL hfltsf] Ps ;dj[Q 5Gb . @= ue{ gf6ssf] t];|f] ;lGwdf
xg] t]x| c\udWo] Ps . tf]8\g ;+) lqm) [tf]8\ g] != efFRg r8 F g \  laufg{ l5Gg
sfpg . @= 2L ug{ 5f]8\g 66fpg . #= sfut cflbdf tf]8 agfpg . $= lr9fpg . %= dg
bvfpg . tf]8 gf) [tf]8\ c] != sfuhsf] kldf0f ldnfP bf]afbf{
576

k]sf] 8f]a . @= dfgl;s rf]6 cf3ft . #= sfsf] j]u jf k|efj . $= k:ksf] :kwf{ k|lt:kwf
hf]8 . %= kmf]g]{ jf laufg]{ sfd . tf8 gf) laufg],{ km6fpg] eTsfpg] sfd etfeu \
auf . ~ kmf]8 gf) != laufg]{ eTsfpg] h:tf ljWj+;sfL sfo{ ljgfzsfL sfo{ . @= sg} kl
fdnf jf ;d:ofsf] lgSof}n { l5gfkmfgf . ~ d/f]8 gf) != sg} ljifoj:t jf sfdsfnfO{
tf]8g \ ] a\Uofpg] sfd . @= sfuh, sk8f cflb sRofssrs kfg]{ sfd tf]8df]8 tf]8tf8
. ~ df]8 gf) tf]8df]8 . tf]8f gf) != f0ffsfndf hflubf/xsf kuLsf jlkl lsgffdf h8\g
rfFbLsf] l;qmL . @= ?lkofFk};f fVg] y}nL . #= df]km;nsf cfxn] dns  Lvfgf rnfg uL k
7fpg] ?lkofF . tf]8fO gf) [ tf]8\ ( cfO)] tf]8\g] sfd jf sfObf . [ >] tf]8fOg s) lqm
) tf]8g \ nfOg . tf]8fpg k|) ] lqm) tf]8g \ nfpg . tf]l8g c) lqm) efFlrg 5f]l8
g . tf]l8d gf) [;+) tf]8g] sYo) tf]8d ] , tf]8fd . k|d ] , ldqtf jf c k|sfsf ;DaGwd
f kg]{ kmf6f] dgf]dflnGo j}efj tf]of]df]of] lj]if b|fx ] zqtf . tf]t] lj) [;+) q
pRrf0f jf Wjlg :ki6 geO;s]sf] . @= pRrf0f cjojsf] bf]ifsf sf0fn] af]nLdf c:ki6tf b]
lvg] . ~ af]nL gf) c:ki6 jf ql6oQm j0ff]R { rf0f (vf; uL afnssf]) . tf]k \ g ;) lq
m) [;+) :t"k g] != w]} xfNg jf vfg . @= klg] uL xfNg kg{ . tf]k gf) [t)] u8fP
fg xg], bO{kf\u|] uf8Ldf hl8g] aLrdf gfnaf6 uf]nf 56\g] Ps ;fdls c:q . vfgf gf)
tf]knufot cGo ;fdls ;fdu|Lx xg] 7fpF . ~ r/f] gf) vdf TofGb|f a6n] ag]h:t} kfL gl
vxFbf] uF8 agfpg], eFu]feGbf s]xL df]6f] bx|f] rRrf] xg], x"n eP a:g] 3Dg], e
Fu]fh:t} kx]Fnf] km;|f] sf] rf] au]8L bdfO{rf] ;h]f] . ~ lt3|] lj) e;lt3|] . t
[tf]k\ ( cfO] tf]Kg] sfd jf sfObf . [>] tf]kfOg s) lqm) tf]Kg nufOg . tf]kfpg k|)
] lqm) tf]Kg nfpg . tf]km gf) e6df;sf] b"waf6 ljz]if ljlwsf ;fy tof kflg] :jflbi
6 klg . tf]af gf) [kmf) tf]j] ca o:tf] gug]{ egL sfon xFbf elgg] zAb sfon x}fgL . ~
tf]af gf) != xfonsfon . lj) af]) @= r]tafaf sfzL . tf]d/ gf) [;+)] != efnfh:tf] Ps
k|frLg c:q . @= afx| dfqf cGtdf u? tyf n3 ePsf] Ps ;d dfqf5Gb . #= kf0fcg;f P
s k|frLg b]z jf pQm b]zsf afl;Gbf . tf]o gf) [;+)] != kfgL . @= k"ji { ff9f gIfq
. lglw gf)

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
577

tf]of]df]of]Tolt tf]if . tf]lift lj) ;Gti6 jf k|;Gg kflPsf] ti6 . tf];! gf) v]tafLd
cfpg] kfgL a9\tf ePdf jf cfpg} lbg gk]df tsf{pgsf nflu agfOPsf] vfFb en]6f] sn;
] f] . tf];@ gf) [t) tf]z] != cf]9\g]cf]5fpg] . @= pmgL nuf . > tf];s gf) 8;gf nDk6
u2f . bfg gf) != a6jf jf ;}lgsxn] af6fsf nflu ;fdn xfNg] efF8f] jf y}nf] . @= ;}l
gsxn] sft; xfn] afFWg] Ps k|sfsf] 5fnfsf] k]6L . tf];f gf) ;gkf6sf ljleGg hftdWo] pG
gt hftsf], kfFr dlxgf;Dd /xFbf b; lkm6 nfdf] ];fbf xg] kf6 ljsf;sf] kf6fsf] kf6 .
tf];fvfgf gf)[ t) tf]zf kmf) vfg] != ;sfL h\uL kf];fs fVg] eF8f, 7fpF jf 3 . @= fh
d"No uxgf tyf kf];fs cflb flvg] sf]7f . tf];|f] gf) != bfDnf], 8f]L cflbsf] kof] af
6\g] afF;, sf7 cflbsf] bO{lt rf]s] k]sf] Ps pks0f . @= nxf], v jf af]6 cflbaf6 kmn c
flb l6Kg agfOPsf] sf7sf] nfdf] 6fFuf] . tf}/ gf) [c)] lsl;d tj efFtL 9\u tlsf 9fFr
l/sf gf) tf} tj . tf}o{lqs gf) [;+)] gfr, ufg afhf oL tLgsf] ;d"x aflugf . tf}n g
] != sg} j:tsf] u?Tjsf] kldf0f dfg jhg . @= tfh tnf] . > tf}ng ;) lqm) != xTs]n
, tfh cflbn] hf]Vg tf}n ug{ . @= bfFHg tngf ug{ afaL ug{ . #= klxrfGg yfxf k
 lrGg . tf}nfO gf) tf}ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . tf}nfOg s) lqm) tf}ng nfOg . tf}nf
Og k|) ] lqm) tf}n ufpg . tf}lng ;) lqm) != tf}ng . s) lqm) @= tf}n ulg . tf}ln
of gf)[ c\) 6jn] dv, cf cflb k5\g jf cf]afgf] kfg{ k|of]u ulg], kfgL ;f]:g] Ps k|s
fsf] ejfbf sk8f . tf}nL gf) c;f, ;fpgdf kfSg] wfgsf] Ps k|sf . ToQm lj) [;+)] TofluP
f] 5f]l8Psf] klToQm pT;[i6 . :qL) ToQmf . k|f0f lj) Hofg lbg tof sg} klg vtf df]
> ToQmJo lj) TofUg nfos 5f]8\g of]Uo . ToQmflUg gf) != clUgxf]q ug{ 5fl8lbg] a|fXd
0f . lj) @= cfuf]df ksfPsf] gvfg] . Tohg gf) [;+)] TofUg] sfd Tofu . Totf lqm) lj)
[;+)tq] ToxfF ptf To;lt To;kl5 . Tolt lj) [Tof] hlt] != Tof]hlt plt TolQ . @= lglZrt
fsf] . lqm) lj) #= Tolt ;fx|f] Toltsf . sf] lj) != Tof]hlt plQsf] . @= Tolt w]} 7"nf
kldf0fsf] TolQsf] . lqm) lj) #= Tolt w] . > ToltGh]nToltGh]ln lqm) lj) To; a]nf;Dd T
ltv];Dd .

;db| ;fu . ] f]sf] ljjfb tf]l8d . tf]of]df]of] gf) [;+) Tjof dof] != t]f]d @= aG8fkm
afF8kmfF8 . #= l5gfkmfgf . tf]/0ftf]/g gf) [;+)] != ljjfx, pT;j cflb ;DkGg xg] 7f
pFdf 3dfpf] kfL k"mn, \lug sk8f cflbaf6 agfOg] zf]eff l;+xf k|jz ] f alxf{
sfo{ ubf{ 3sf leQfdf a]lg] dfnf . #= :gfgfufsf glhssf] rf}tff] . ~ f gf) k|j]zf
. tf]l/of gf) [;+) t'jlsf] != sfFqmf], km;L{ cflbem}F jiff{ofddf nxfdf kmNg], nfdf]
cfsfsf] xlof] tsfL l3f}Fnf . @= kfFr s'gf k]sf, v;|f, xlof kft x'g], 8fF7o'St kx]F
bf k"mn k'mNg] k"mnsf ue{af6 nfDrf, kf]}kf]f ePsf r'Rr] kmn kmNg] Ps k|l;4 tsfL fdt
fF leG8L . tf]/L gf) [;+) t'jL] 5f]6f5f]6f xlof kft x'g], kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg], nfDrf
sf];fleq ;fgf;fgf sfnf jf v}f bfgf x'g] ;fuljz]if jf To;sf t}nwfGodf ulgg] bfgf .
~ uGw] gf) != tf]Lsf] h:t} kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] emf;d"xdf kg]{ jg:klt . lj) @= tf
]Lsf] h:tf] uGw cfpg] . ~ uf8 gf) 7"nf] ufF8dfly b]vf k]sf] ;fgf] lk8\sf] ufF8 . ~ u
f8]uf8f] gf) != 6fpsfsf] h'f]hlt 6nSs 6Nsg] ;]tf] c efu v}f] x'g] Ps hftsf] rf]
] t'n]ufF8f] . lj) @= tf]LufF8 ePsf] uF8fxf . ~ r/f] gf) c;f}h] rf] . ~ emf/ gf) kx]
] ;]tf]
sf] k"mn k'mNg], tf]Lh:t} dl;gf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] emf . ~ t]n gf) vfg h
f nufpg :jf:Yok|b ljz'4 tf]Lsf] t]n s8'jf t]n . ~ nfx'] gf) != s]xL lbgsf] t8se8skl5
k]ml 7G8ffd ePsf] JolQm . @= hLp8fn jfkmdf vfOnfUbf] t Jojxfdf ljZjf; ug{ g;lsg], s
d s'fsf] 7]ufg gePsf] dfG5] . #= 2L lasfd] ns nDk"m . tf]df{ gf) eft jf e'6]sf] ux
kL7f] dxdf d'5] agfOPsf] s'g} kz'kIfL jf r}Tosf cfsfsf] rLh . > tf]d]{ lj)!= tf]df
{ vfg] . @= clgsfn] blb|L . #= kfv] c;Eo . tf]nf{
] lj) [c) d") tf]nf{
\P] != a]tfn
sf]
\u9
\u s]xL gldn]sf] x]bf{sf] n6\7" . @= kftnf] emf]n ePsf] lgs} kGofnf] . gf) #=
]bf{ nlaw] b]lvg], sfddf a]9
\usf] dfG5] . tf]nf gf) [;+) tf}n] ;o jf 5ofGgAa] nfnsf
] kldf0f jf tf}n (;'gsf] hf]vfOdf ;o nfn rfFbLsf] hf]vfOdf 5ofGgAa] nfnsf] u0fgf
x'G5) . sf] af]nL gf) sb ug'k { g],{ dxjsf] af]nL jf jrg . tf]if gf) [ ;+)] != ;Gtf]
if, kltf]if t[lKt . @= v';L k|;Ggtf . > tf]ifs lj) ;Gt'i6 jf k|;Gg t'Nofpg] . tf]if0
f gf)

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65

TolQlq TolQ lj) [Tof]hlt] != Tolt (hf]8 lbFbf .) . sf] lj) Toltsf] . Toqf] lj) [ To
] hqf] ] !=s' g } lglZrt cfsf jf kldf0fsf]Tof]hqf] pqf] . @= Tolt w] . lqm) lj) #= T
lt ;fx|f] Toltsf] . To; ;j{)lj) [k|f) t:d > ;+) t:o] Tof] ;j{gfd jf ljz]if0fsf] lto{s
\ k (pbf) To; s]6fnfO{ eg .) . To;/L lqm) lj) [To;f]cL] To;f] u] To; lsl;d jf tlsf
;} lqm) lj) [To;f]g}] != To;f] g} p;} ToxL tlsf jf lsl;dcg';f g} . @= ljgfsf0fn] lj
jf p2]Zon] . #= d'kmtdf l;Q}F Joy{df . $= cJojl:yt cnkq . (pbf) ;ff sfd To;} 5f8] d
tdLsxfF cfPsf] .) . To;f] lj) [Tof]h:tf]] != Tof]h:tf] p;f] To; lsl;dsf] . lqm) lj)
@= Totf Totflt . To:t/L lqm) lj) [Tof]h:tL] To;L To; tlsfn] Tolt w]} jf hf]8n] T
:tf] lj) [Tof]h:tf]] Tof]h:tf] p:tf] To; lsl;dsf] Tolt w]} . Toxf lqm) lj) [;+) tq]
To; :yndf . ToxL lqm) lj) [ToxfFg}] ToxfF jf Totf g} To;} 7fpF jf l:yltdf g} . ToxL ;
j{) [Tof]g}] Tof] g} pxL g} pm g} ;f]xL lgh} To} . Tofu\g ;) lqm) [;+) Tofu g] !=
g{ 5f]8g \  glng . @= dof dfg{ 5L lbg . #= x6fpg afg{ jlh{t ug{ . $= ck{g
pg . Tofu gf) [;+)] sg} JolQm, j:t, wf0ff cflbaf6 cfgf] clwsf, :jTj, dfof, :g]x j
f ;DaGwljR5]b ug]{ sfd pT;u{ 5f]8\g] sfd j}fUo df]rg . ~ kq gf) fhLgfdf Ol:tkmf .
TofUg ;Sg] dQmx:t pbf bfgzLn . > Toflug s) lqm) TofUg] sfd ulg x6fOg . TofuL l
;GGof;L j}fuL hf]uL leIf . @= bftf bfgL pbf bfgzLn . #= lg:k[x . TofHo lj) TofUg
]8\g nfos . TofGb|ftGb|L gf) [TofGb|f ] TofGb|f] ] != dl;gf yf]} dfq TofGb|fx TofGb
fsf] Pslqt cj:yf . @= TofGb|fxsf] l;nf]afnf] jf a6naf6n . TofGb|f ] gf) [;+) tGt
s] sYo) Tofg|f] . sg} klg j:tsf] ];f jf nfdfnfdf 6qmf ;t wfuf] . Tof/{ gf) [c)
d") Tof\ ] != sfuh, sk8f cflb RofTbf cfpg] cfjfh . lqm) lj) @= To;L Rofltg] uL Tof{ .
"/LTo"/ ] gf)x]) ltp/Lltp/] . To} ;j{) x]) ToxL .
578

Tof] ;j{) [;+)Tot\] != k"js { lyt JolQm hgfj jf j:t pm ;f] lgh . lj) @= clns 6f9fsf]
sg} JolQm, hgfj jf j:tnfO{ lglb{i6 ubf{ k|of]u xg] zAb . (pbf) Tof] dflg; xf:Fb
} 5 . Tof] lafnf] sxfF uof] < Tof] sf7 d]f] xf] .) q t tyf sf] ;+oQm k . qo lj)
g -h:tf] dlgqo, ldqqo, Tgqo, nf]sqo O) ._ . > qoL gf) != Cs\, oh ;fd oL tLg j]bs
f] ;dli6 . @= tLgsf] ;d"x . #= a|Xdf, lji0f, dx]Zj . $= klt tyf afnaRrf hLljt} x]
sL u[lx0fL jf u[xnIdL . %= al4 . qof]bz gf) [;+)] t]x| . > qof]bzL gf) s[i0f jf z
SnkIfsf] t]x|f}F ltly . ~ e"ld gf) != af}4 wd{sf] jh|ofgdf pNn]v ePsf dlbtf, lj
dnf, k|efsL cflb t]x| k|sfsf Wofgsf cj:yf . @=r}To lgdf{0f ubf{ ue{eGbf dfly lzf]ef
ueGbf tn lgld{t ulg] sfNklgs nf]ssf] tx jf t]x| tnf . q;/]0f gf) [;+)] b}nf], ofn,
kvf{n cflbsf Kjfnaf6 leq k;]sf] ;"o{ls0fdf pl8x]sf] b]lvg] w"nf]sf] s0f jf c0f .
q:t lj) [;+)] != 8fPsf] eoeLt cft\lst . @= sft . #= r~rn kmlt{nf] . qf6s gf) [;+)
usf 5 u0fdWo] Ps b[li6zlQm tLj| kfg{ sg} lglZrt ljGbdf b[li6 s]lGb|t ug]{ of}l
us ;fwg . qf0f gf) [;+)] != Iff arfp k|ltIff . @= z0f ;xff cf>o . #= 56sff dlQ
[;+)] qf0f ug]{ arfpg] Iff ug]{ cf>o lbg] . qf; gf) [;+)] != 8 eo cTof; em;s tf
f]r . #= em:sFbf c:yfoL kn] k}bf xg] efj JolerfL efjsf] Ps k|sf . qf;bqf;bL gf) [;+)
9 cy{df vf; uL syfgs Hofb} uDeL xFb} efUo, g}lts ba{ntf, ;fdflhs vfaL, dgf]j}1flg
s sdhf]L cflbsf sf0fn] dVo gfossf] ktg eO{ bMvdf cGTo xg] gf6ssf] e]b bMvfGt (6h
] 8 ] L) . > qf;bLo lj) qf; lbg] lsl;dsf] bMvfGt jf qf;bL;DaGwL . qf;g lj) [;+)]
!= 8nfUbf] eo\s . gf) @= t;f{pg] sfd 8 b]vfpg] sfd . qflx lj) af]= [;+)] != w]} 8f
sf nflu cs:dft\ lg:sg] zAb arfpm Iff u uxf . lj) @= Hofb} 8fPsf] yxL q:t . ~ qf
7"nf] cfkt\df kL 8fpFbfsf] efj jf Jo~hgf . dfd\ la) af]) qflx . lq+z lj) [;+)] tL;f
}F . lq+zt\ gf) [;+)] tL; . lq lj) [;+)] tLg (sg} zAbsf cufl8 hf]l8P cy{ aemfpg]
. h:t} lqsfn, lqkfb O) ) . s gf) != tLg ;+Vof jf j:tsf] ;dli6 . @= d]?b08sf] tNn
f] efu . lj) # t]xf] .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Ta.p65
579

lqu"9lqlk6s gfkf] . lqHof gf) [;+)] ]vful0ftdf j[Qsf] kllwaf6 s]Gb|;Dd lvr]sf] ;n ]vf
of;fw{ . lqtfn gf) [;+)] ufogsf] Ps tfn . > lqtfn] lj) != Psbd af7f] rlkrG8fn . @=
w"t{ . #= cg]s tfn hfGg] (cfOdfO{) la5sL . lqb08 gf) [;+)] != ;GGof;Lxn] lng] afF;s
f tLg sK6]f ldnfO{ agfOPsf] b08 . @= dg, jrg sd{sf] ;+od . > lqb08L gf) != dg, jrg
sd{nfO{ jzdf fVg] JolQm lqb08 lnPsf] ;GGof;L . @= hg} . lqbz gf) [;+)] b]jtf . > l
qbzfno gf) != ;d? ] kj{t . @= :ju{ . lqb]j gf) [;+)] a|Xdf, lji0f dx]Zj oL tLg b]
jtf . lqbf]if gf) [;+)] zLdf xg] aft, lkQ skm oL tLg bf]if lkQ skmsf] k|sf]kaf6 x
] f]u ;lGgkft . lqwf lqm) lj) [;+)] tLg k|sfn] tLg lsl;d;Fu . lqwf/ gf) [;+)] tLgkf6]
8fF7 eO{ To;sf 6Kkfdf ;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] l;pF8L . lqgu/ gf) [;+)] != g]k
fnsf] ;b " klZrdf~rndf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 ahf . @= tLg zx . lqgLndfgj gf) [;+)] != g[tj l
j1fgcg;f ltLo lxdousf aLr ;dodf hfefsf] lqgLn gfds 7fpFdf lyof] eGg] k|dfl0ft ulP
sf] dfgj kftjljb\ tyf g[tjljb\xn] cl:ysf cjz]ifsf kdf k|fKt u/]sf] g/jfg/sf] cl:tTj
lqg]q gf)[ ;+)] lzj lqnf]rg . lqk6 gf) [;+)] != xfjf, 3fd, kfgL cflbsf sf0fn] sf7 kf
t af\lug] jf k;f\lug] k|lqmof . @= ;fOsn cflbsf kf\u|fsf] uf]nfO lau|g] jf slRrg]
lqmof ltk{6 . lqky gf) [;+)] != 1fg, sd{ pkf;gf oL tLg dfu{ . @= cfsfz, k[YjL kftfn
oL tLg :yfg . #= tLg bf]af6f] . uf gf) u\uf efuLyL . lqkb gf) [;+)] != lqkfO{ . @= t
g kbsf] ;dli6 . #= lji0fsf] jfdg cjtf . lj) $= tLg vf ePsf] tLgv] . > lqkbf gf) uf
oqL . lqkGg gf) [;+) lqk~rfzt\] != krf; tLgsf] of]u;\Vof %# sf] c\s . lj) @= krf; t
gsf] of]u;\Vofsf] . > lqkGgf} lj) u0fgf ubf{ lqkGgsf] qmddf k]sf] . lqkfO{ gf) [;+)
lqkfb] tLg v'f ePsf] sf7 jf wft'sf] a:g] pks0f :6'n . lqkf;f gf) [;+) lqkf;f] rfkf6]
l:txf8sf uf]6L n8fP v]lng] Ps v]n . lqlk6s gf) [;+)] ljgo, clewDd ;'Q tLg lk6sdf l
jeflht af}4 wd{u|Gysf] gfd .

$= tLg k|ltzt . s6' gf) ;'7f], dLr lkKnf oL tLg lkf] :jfbsf j:t'xsf] ;dli6 . sf7L
d[tssf b; lbg;Ddsf] k|t ] lqmof ubf{, l9s'fdf k|t ] nfO{ hnbfg ug{ ljlwcg';f k|of
]u ug{ tLgtLgj6f sf7sf l;6fnfO{ wfufn] afFwL agfOPsf] j:t' lqv'L . sfn gf) != sfnsf
tLg v08 (e"t, eljio jt{dfg cyjf k|ftM, dWofXg ;fod\) . @= Jofs0fdf lqmofsf e"t,
eljio jt{dfg oL tLg sfn . sfn1 lj) tLg} sfnsf s'f hfGg] ;j{1 . sfnbzL{ lj) lqsfn1
s'6L gf) x7of]udf pNn]v ePcg';f O8f, lk
\unf ;'if'Dgf gf8Lsf] ;
\ud:yn rGb|d08n . s"
f) k"hfcfhfdf z
\v, c3f}{tf] jf hnxL fVg] wft'sf] tLgv'] efF8f] cf]wfg] kf] afFlwPsf]
gj6f sf7sf 6'qmf lqv'6L . sf]0f gf) != Hofldltdf tLg ;n ]vfsf] of]uaf6 tLg sf]0f kL
g]sf] Ps ;dtn lrq . @= hGds'08nLdf nUg:yfgb]lv kfFrf}F gjf}]F :yfg . lj) #= tLgs
'g] tLgr'Rr] . sf]0fldlt gf) lqsf]0fsf e'hf, sf]0f jf o'un e'hfsf] dfg lgsfNg] ul0
ftsf] Ps zfvf . Iff/ gf) hjfvf, ;HhLvf :jfu tLg f;folgs tjsf] ;dli6 . v08 k"jo {
gf) lqv08fDe o'ueGbf klxn]sf], chLjsNksf] ;do e"ue{zf:qsf cg';f cfheGbf ;f9] rf ca ji
f{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] o'u . v08f/De o'u gf) e"ue{zf:qcg';f cfheGbf ;GtfpGg sf]8 jif{kl
xn]sf], hLjsNksf] k|fDe ePsf] o'u Pssf]zLo hLj ;[li6 tyf k|yd, ltLo t[tLo v08 k|fDe
ePsf] o'u k'fhLjs k|fDe ePsf] o'u . v08L gf) != klxn] hUufhldgsf] tLg efudf Ps efu d
f]xLn] b'O{ efu tlN;
n] kfpg] Joj:yf . @= ;f] Joj:yfcg';f df]xLn] kfPsf] efu . v'6L
gf) lqs'6L . u0f gf) rf k'?iffy{dWo] wd{, cy{ sfd oL tLgsf] ;d'bfo . u'0f lj) != ;
h tyf td tLg u'0fn] o'Qm . @= t]xf] ltu'gf t]j . gf) #= ;j, h tyf td oL tLg u'0fsf
i6 . u'0fftLt lj) ;j, h tyf td tLg} u'0fn] lxt ePsf] lgu'{0f . u'l0ft lj) tLgsf]
] u'0fg ulPsf] ltu'gf kflPsf] . lqu"9 gf) [;+)] gf6ssf] ;f}Gbo{ a9fpgfsf lglDt :qLsf
] j]if u]sf k'?ifxn] ulg] dw' g[To (nf:of
\usf] Ps e]b) . lqrfkn; gf) [;+) lqrTjfl+zt
!= rfnL; tLgsf] of]u;
\Vof $# sf] c
\s . lj) @=rfnL; tLgsf of]u;
\Vofsf] . > lqrfln;f}
j) lqrfnL; ;
\Vofdf kg]{ . lqrfnL; gf) x]) lqrfln; . > lqrfnL;f} lj) x]) lqrfln;f}F .
lqhut\ gf) [;+)] jf:t' tyf d"lt{snfdf k|rlnt, rfnL; cdnafasf] gfkf] cfo'w jf lbzfsf
] rf u'0ffafasf]

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65

lqk'08lqzlQm lqk'08 gf) [;+)] z}j wdf{jnDaLxn] lgwfdf nufpg] e:dsf tLg ]vf rGbg, v
uf]aaf6 agfOPsf] tLg ]vf lqk'08s . lqk'/ gf) [;+)] != tLg gusf] ;d"x . @= kf}fl0fs sy
cg';f k[YjL kftfndf do eGg] fIf;n] agfPsf] ;'g, rfFbL kmnfdsf tLg gu . ~ ;'Gb/L gf)
b'uf{ b]jL . > lqk'/fl/ gf) dxfb]j . lqk'?if gf) [;+)] tLg k':tfsf JolQm cyf{t\ af
a', afh] a"9f afh] . lqkmnf gf) [;+)] cfo'j]{bsf cg';f xf]{, af]{ cdnf oL tLg kmnx
;dli6 . lqanL gf) [;+)] :qLhfltsf] gfleeGbf s]xL dfly k]6df kg]{ ;f}Gbo{;"rs tLg ]
vf . lqe
\uL gf) [;+)] aQL; dfqf ePsf], b;, cf7, cf7 5 dfqfdf olt x'g], hu0f gePsf]
kl5Nnf] cIf u'? x'g] Ps 5Gb . (pbf) sfd 5 levd
\uf b]x 5 g
\uf lzdf u
\uf z
\ssf] .)
f) [;+)] tLg ;n ]vf cfk;df ldnL ag]sf] sf]0f lqsf]0f . lqe'jg gf) [;+)] != :ju{, dTo
{ kftfn oL tLg nf]ssf] ;d'bfo lqnf]s . @= g]kfnsf] zfx j+zsf cf7f}F /fhf lqe'jgjLljq
md zfxb]j (lj);+) !(^#@)!!) . ~ hoGtL gf) kmfu'g & ut]sf lbg dgfOg] fli6o k|hftGq lb
j; . ~ k'/:sf/ gf) ;flxTo, snf cflbsf If]qdf ljz]if of]ubfg lbg] n]vs, snfsf cflbn
fO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)!^ ;fndf :yflkt Ps k'/:sf/ . k|hftGq >Lkb gf) fhkl/jf/ tyf
/fli6o dxjsf JolQmxnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)!# ;fndf :yflkt kfFr >]0fLdf ljeQm Ps
k:sf/ . k|1fk/:sf/ gf) efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, snf / 1fglj1fgsf If]qdf k|bfg ug]
{ p2]Zon] @)#! ;fndf :yflkt Ps k/:sf/ . /fhky gf) yfgsf]6b]lv e}F;];Ddsf] !() ls
) ld) nfdf] fhdfu{ afOf]8 . ~ ljZjljBfno gf) sf7df8fFd } f lj);+) @)!@ df ;\ul7t tyf
lj);+) @)!^ df :yflkt g]kfnsf] klxnf] 7"nf] ljZjljBfno . lqdw gf) [;+)] l3p, lrg
L dxsf] ;dli6 . lqdflqs lj) [;+)] tLg dfqf ePsf] (kb cflb) Knt (Wjlg) . lqd"lt{ gf
) [ ;+)] != lxGb"xsf tLg b]j a|Xdf, lji0f dx]Zjsf] ;+oQm k . @= ;"o{ . lqofg gf) [
;+)] af}4wd{sf tLg ofg dxfofg, xLgofg ah|ofgsf] ;fd"lxs gfd . lqofgAa] gf) [;+) lq
gjlt] != gAa] tLgsf] of]u;\Vof (# sf] c\s . lj) @= gAa] tLgsf of]u;\Vofsf] . >
580

lqofgAa]cf} lqofgAa]of} lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] lqofgAa]sf] ;
\Vofdf k]sf] . lqofl;cf} F

fl;of} F lj) [lqof;L cf} F of}] F lqof;L ;
\Vofdf k/]sf] lqof;L ;
\Vofsf] . lqof;L gf
;+) ozLlt] != c;L tLgsf] of]u;
\Vof *# sf] c
\s . lj) @= c;L tLgsf of]ukmnsf] . lqo
cf} lqof;Lof} lj) x]) lqofl;cf}F . lqo'u gf) [;+)] != tLg o'u (;To, q]tf fk) . @=
, jiff{ zb\ oL tLg Ct'sf] ;dli6 . #= tLg k':tfsf] ;dli6 . > lqo'uf gf) ;udfyf c~rnsf
] pbok' lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 gbL lth'u { f. lq/Tg gf) [;+)] != a'4, wd{ ;
\3 oL tLgs
] ;fd"lxs gfd . @= a|Xdf, lji0f' dx]Zj . #= ;'g, rfFbL tfdf lqnf]x . lqn3' gf) [;+)
] 5Gbzf:qsf cg';f j0f{of]hgfdf tLg n3' ePsf] Ps u0f gu0f . lqnj0f gf) [;+)] l;Fw],
;faL la] g'gsf] ;dli6 . lqnf]s gf) [;+)] tLg nf]s jf e'jg (:ju{, dTo{ kftfn) . gfy
f) tLg} nf]ssf :jfdL (OGb| lzj) . > lqnf]sz ] gf) ;"o{ . lqnf]rg gf) [;+)] != lzj
. lj) @= tLgcfFv] . lqnf]x gf) [;+)] ;'g, rfFbL tfdf tLg yL wft'sf] ;dli6 lqTg . lq
u{ gf) [;+)] != wd{, cy{ sfd oL tLg k'?iffy{ . @= xflg, l:ytf j[l4 oL tLg l:ylt .
lqjifL{o lj) [;+)] tLgjif]{ tLg jif{sf] tLgtLg jif{df x'g] lqjflif{s . lqjflif{s lj)
[;+)] lqjifL{o . lqljw lj) [;+)] != tLg k|sfsf . lqm) lj) @= tLg k|sfn] ltu'gf t]xf]
lqljef]If gf) [;+)] kmf]6f]u|fkmsf lqcfoflds k|efj b]vfpg] Ps pks/0f . lqj]0fL gf
) [;+)] != tLg gbLsf] ;
\ud:yn . @= k|ofusf] u
\uf, od'gf ;:jtLsf] ;
\ud:yn . #= pbok'
9L, gjnkf;L, ;'g;L cflb lhNnfsf 7fpFljz]ifsf] gfd hxfF tLg gbLsf ;
\ud:yn 5g\ . $= x
7of]udf k|of]u x'g,] O8f, lk
\unf ;'if'Dgf gf8Lsf] ;
\ud:yn lqs'6L rGb|d08n . lqzlQm g
) [;+)] != OR5f, 1fg lqmof oL tLg O{ZjLo zlQm . @= tGqsf cg';f sfnL, tff lqk'f
g b]jLsf] ;dli6 . #= ufoqL . k gf) /fhkl/jf/nfO{, g]kfnk|lt ;b\efj /fVg] ljb]zL gf
ul/snfO{ tyf /fli6o dxjsf g]kfnLx k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] !(($ ;fndf :yflkt kfFr >]0fLdf
ljeQm Ps kbs .

C:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Ta'.p65
581

lqz"nTjf/{ cfxjgLo oL tLg clUgsf] ;dli6 . q}sflns lj) [;+)] e"t, eljio / jt{dfg oL
tLg sfn;Fu ;Da4 . q}dfl;s lj) [;+)] tLgdlxg] tLg dlxgfsf] k|To]s tLgtLg dlxgfdf cfp
g] jf x'g] (klqsf, ah]6) cflb . q}/flzs lj) [;+)] ul0ftdf tLg 1ft flzsf ;xfotfn] r
f}yf} flzsf] kQf] nufpg] Ps k|lqmof . q}nf]So gf) [;+)] tLg nf]s cyf{t\ :ju{, dTo{
kftfnsf] ;dli6 lqnf]s . qf]6s gf) [;+)] != b]jtf dg'io b'j} yL kfq x'g] k|To]s c
\s
f ljb"ifs xg], k|wfg ; z[
\uf c
\sx kfFr, ;ft, cf7 jf gf}dWo] s'g} klg x'g ;Sg] Ps k
f) ljqmdf]jz { L) . @= ue{gfds gf6s;lGwsf] Ps c
\u . oDas gf) [;+)] tLg g]q ePsf b]jt
f lzj . Tj k|To) [;+)] zAbsf k5fl8 hf]l8P efj, u'0f jf cj:yf hfx] ug]{ Ps k|Too -h:t
f] k?ifTj, :jfldTj, kzTj O) ._ . Tjrf gf) [;+)] rd{ 5fnf . Tjd\ ;j{) [;+)] ltdL .
Tj/f gf) [;+)] zL3|tf lIfk|tf j]u . Tjl/t\ lj) [;+)] zL3|ufdL l56f] lxF8\g] j]ujfg\
lt{nf] . ~ e"Ifo gf) k|fs[lts jf cGo s[lqd sf0faf6 l56f]l56f] xg] e"Ifo . Tji6f gf
) [;+ ) ] != b] j tfsf sdL{ ljZjsdf{ . @= ci6k|hfkltdWo] Ps . Tjf/Tjf/ lqm) lj) [
c) d") Tjf\ c (l))] kfgLsf] dl;gf] wff] aUbfsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . > Tjf/Tjf/tL Tjf/Tjf/
lqm) lj) cem a9L TjfTjf eP . Tjf/{ gf) [c) d") Tjf\ ] != kfgL, lk;fa, S;L cflb tn k
wff] v:bf cfpg] zAb . lqm) lj) @= To;L wff] v:g] uL jf v;fn] .

lqz"n gf) [;+)] lzjhLsf] k|wfg z:q dflgg], tLg rRrf] ePsf] Ps xltof lt;{n . > lqz
"nL gf) ! lzj . @= ;fF9] . #= uf];fOFs0  8af6 pb\uldt eO{ g]kfnsf] dWo efudf aUg
] Ps gbLsf] gfd . lqi6k\ gf) [;+)] 5Gbzf:qcg;f Ps kfpdf P3f cIf xg] Ps j0f{jQ [ .
lq;lcf} lq;lof} lj) [;+) lq;6\7L cf} F of}] F u0fgfsf qmdn] lq;L ;
\Vofdf k]sf
] . lq;L gf) [;+) lqifli6] != ;f7L tLg hf]8b \ f x'g] of]ukmn ^# sf] c
\s . lj) @= ;f
7L tLgsf of]u;
\Vofsf] . > lq;Lcf} lq;Lof} lj) x]) lq;6\l7cf}F . ' sf 5fF6sf] Ps
nljz]if . lq;lGw gf) [;+)] hjfs';d lq;GWof gf) [;+)] k|ftM, dWofXg ;fod\ uL lbgsf t
Lg sfn . lq;fnf gf) [;+) lqkmf) ;fn] tLg jif{sf] Dofb fv] ulPsf] sff]af . lq:ynL gf
)] sfzL, k|ofu uof oL tLg k|l;4 tLy{:yfg . lq:j/ gf) [;+)] Wjlglj1fgsf cg';f psfnf
]nfO{ cf]fnfn] k5fPsf] :j>'lt lq:jLe"t l:j . lqxQ/ gf) [;+) lq;Ktlt] != ;QL tLgs
of]ukmn &# sf] c
\s . lj) @= ;QL tLgsf of]u;
\Vofsf] . > lqxQ/f} lj) u0fgf ubf{ lqx
qmddf k]sf] . lqxQL lj) [;+) lqx:tO{] != tLg xftsf] uh jf rf}8fO ePsf] . @= To; gfk
sf] sk8f . q'l6 gf) [;+)] != uNtL e"nr"s . @= sdL . > q'l6t lj) != sfl6Psf] efFlrPsf
] k'm6]sf] r'Fl8Psf] . @= e"n ePsf] uNtL ePsf] . q]tf gf) [;+)] k'f0fflbcg';f rf o'u
]sf] bf];|f] o'u . ~ o'u gf) ;To, q]tf, fk sln rf o'udWo] bf];|f] o'u . > q]tflUg gf
wd{zf:qsf cg';f blIf0f, ufx{kTo

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Ga'.p65
yylRrg
582

y
y b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] ;qf}+F Jo~hg bGTo,
:kzL{, c3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg tju{sf] bf];|f] j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{ jf
cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg . gTyh:tf] y 3f]/dvf y . ysys gf) != kZrfQfk k5
tf] k5tfp ySs rsrs ysysL . lj) @= kZrfQfkdf k]sf] ysysfPsf] . > ysysfO gf) ysysfp
efj, lqmof jf lsl;d . ysysfOg c) lqm) ysys ulg . ysysfpg c) lqm rsrsfpg k5tfp
g ySsySs dfGg kZrfQfk ug{ . ysysL gf) rsrsL ysys . ysys] lj) k5tfpg] ySsySs ug]
kZrfQfk ug]{ ysysfpg] afgL ePsf] . ysfO gf) [ yfs\ ( cfO)] yfSg] lqmof jf k|lqmof ysfj
6 . [>] ysfOg s) lqm) yfSg] kflg . ysfOnf] lj) yfSg] :jefjsf] . ysfpg k|) ] lqm)
yfSg] kfg{ ylst tNofpg . ysf/ gf) [;+)] y j0f{ jf cIf tju{sf] bf];|f] cIf . ysfn
f)[yfs
cfnL] != g]kfnsf] klZrdf]Q If]qsf] yfs eGg] 7fpFsf afl;Gbf Ps g]kfnL hflt . l
j) @= yfs;DaGwL yfssf] . ysfnL@ gf) [yfs (< 6fs 6fpsf]) cfnL] hfltljz]ifdf 3, sn jf
7Lsf] ;aeGbf a"9f] dVo JolQm d"nL gfOs] . ysfj6 gf) [yfs\ cfj6] yfSg] efj, lqmof
jf cj:yf ysfO . ylst lj) [yfs\ Ot] yfs]sf] ysfO nfu]sf] . ysNnf] gf) != yf\gfaf6 to
afln:6 jf c8];f . @= yf\gy } f\gfn] agfOPsf] la5fpgf 8kmnf] . ysjf lj) [yfs\ pjf] b
w lbg 5f8]sf] jf yfs]sf] (ufO{e; F+} L cflb) . ysf}6f] lj) [yfs\ cf}6f]] != yfSg
cfF6s ] f] jf yfSg] a]nf ePsf] ysjf as]g{ . gf) @= To:tf] cj:yfsf] ufO{ jf e}+F;L
. #= To:tf] xg] cj:yf jf l:ylt . ysf}nL gf) [tu\ cf}nL] df5f ;dfTbf bj} xftn] ;
dft] df5fnfO{ km;fpg lgld{t Ps yL xft] hfn . ySs gf) [c) d") ys\ s] k5tf] . ~ ySs l
j) af]) != afDaf k5tf] xFbf crfgs JoQm ul/g] zAb . gf) @= ysysL rsrsL . yqmg ;)
lqm) [yfFqmf] g] != yfFqmfn] s]z sf]g{ nf kmf] ] ;DDofpg . @= nuf aGg] tfgsf] w
fuf] yfFqmfn] ;DDofpg . > yqmfO gf) yqmg] sfd jf lsl;d . yqmfOg s) lqm) yqmg] k
flg . yqmfpg k|) ] lqm) yqmg] kfg{ . ylqmg s) lqm) != yfFqmfn] s]z sf]lg nf ;DDo
Og . ;) lqm) @= yqmg . ylS;gLyS;]gL gf) [yfS;]
OgL] != yfS;] cfOdfO{ . @= yfS;]s
L :jf:gL . ylynf] lj) [;+) t\s l:yNn] si6 cflbn] ubf{ Hofb} bAnfPsf] . @= lk6fO ly
rfOdf k] xQ" jf ljs[t ePsf] lynlynf] . > ylyNofO gf) ylynf] xg] jf kflg] lqmofk|lqm
. ylyNofOg s) lqm) ylynf] kflg . ylyNofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) ylynf] kfg{ jf kfg
pg . y\lu|g  c) lqm [yf\u|f] O
g] != yf\u|f] pleg . @=cf8 jf ;xff kfpg . #=
JolQm lgsf] eO{ t\lu|g jf p7] lxF88n ug{ ;Sg] xg . y\lgg c) lqm) != [yf\gf] O
] yf\gfdf u6dl6g yf\gfdf kg{ . @= lafdL kg{ ynf kg{ . #= l9nf] jf ljnDa xg .
$= sf]lqg . %= bMv kfpg . > y\GofO gf) y\lgg] sfd jf sfObf . y\GofOg s) lqm) y\Go
pg] sfd ulg . y\Gofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) y\lgg] kfg,{ yf\gf] tNofpg . y\Gofx6 g
ofO . y\Gofxf lj) yf\gfdf k]sf] jf kfg]{ . yrSs lqm) lj) [c) d") yrs\ s] bj} 3F8f
DRofO{ k}tnfn] 6]s] a:g] uL yrSs . yrf/\g ;) lqm)[ yRsf\ g] hah:tL a;fNg Yo
k5fg{ yRRofpg . > yrf/fO gf) yrfg]{ jf yrflg] lqmofk|lqmof . yrf/fx6 gf) yrffO . yr
fl/g s) lqm) hah:tL a;flng YofRr flvg k5flg . yrf/f] gf) yrfg]{ jf yrflg] kll
] . yrfofO gf) yrflg] sfd jf sfObf yrffO . yRsg c) lqm) [yrSs g] yrSs a:g] xg
xg] uL yfSg . > yRsfO gf) yRsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . yRsfOg s) lqm) yrSs a;f
lng jf yfSg] kflg yrflg . yRsfpg k|) ] lqm) yrSs a;fpg yfSg] kfg{ . yRsf/g ;)
m) [c) d") yr\ sf g] yrfg{ yRRofpg . > yRsf/fO gf) yRsfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . yR
sfl/g s) lqm) yRsffOdf kflg . yRsfl/nf] lj) yRsffOdf kg{ jf kfg{ nfos . yRsfxf lj)
yRs cfxf] yrSs kfg]{ jf kg]{ (JolQm) . yRr lqm) lj) [c) d") yr\ r] k"} hldgsf] cf8 l
nP a:g] uL yrSs . ylRrg c) lqm) [c) d") yRr O g] != e2f tfnn] a:g yRr a:g (x]ofy{
gGbfy{df) . @= cleofgdf c;kmn xg . #= pT;fx e\u xg . > yRRofO gf) ylRrg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lsof ylRrg] sfd jf sfObf . yRRofOg s)

c:\Sabdkosh\dickGa.p65
583

ytd/fOylk| ykSs lqm) lj) [c) d") yks\ s] sfd ubf{, sg} rLh fVbf, sxLF a:bf, st} hfFbf
f cfpFbf cfg]sfg] guLsg ;xh efjn] jf xn lsl;dn] . yk36 gf) [yk 36] != sf6\g] jf x6fpg
] yKg] jf a9fpg] sfd . @= sda];L 36La9L . yk8L gf) [yKk8 O{] xftsf bO{ kGhfsf] ;\3ft
af6 lgsflnPsf] cfjfh tfnL stnWjlg . > yk8fO gf) != xftn] lxsf{pg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= y
k8L ahfpg] sfd jf lsl;d . yk8fOg s) lqm) yKk8 VjfOg . yk8fpg ;) lqm) != yKk8 xfGg
 yKkf nufpg r8\Sofpg . @= yk8L ahfpg . ykyk lqm) lj) [c) d") yk\ c (l))] != kfn};u
F jf wdfwd Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ qmd};Fu ykyk . @= ykSs . > ykyktLykykL lqm) lj) yky
k u] ykyk . ykyfkykgyfkg gf) [yk yfk] != yKg], a9fpg], 7"nf] kfg]{ cflb sfd gkus ]
jf cfjZos ePhlt yKg]jg]{ sfd . @= gfd dfq eP klg ylkPsf] j:t . #= To;L yKg] sfo
{ . ykgf gf) [;+) :yfkgf] != dlGb, d7 cflbdf sg} b]jb]jLsf] d"lt{ :yflkt ug]{ sfd :y
fkgf . @= b]vfj6L jf gfd dfqsf] JolQm . #= Pssf] cefj jf cgkl:yltdf v8f ulPsf] c
sf]{ JolQm jf j:t k|ltlglw . ykgL gf) [yk\ cgL] != ylkg] rLh cltlQm j:t kmf];f . @=y
g] sfo{ . ykGtL gf) [yk\yfk\ cGtL] != yKg] jf yfKg] sfd . @= uf v]Nbf xftsf uf pkmf]
nfO{ csf{kl kmsf{P yfKg] Ps rfn . yk; gf) [;+) tfd;] != vf]6 bf]if ql6 . @= sdhf]L .
ykfO gf) [ yk\yfk\ ( cfO)] yKg] jf yfKg] sfd . [>] ykfOg s) lqm) != yKg nufOg @= y
fKg] tNofOg . ykfp lj) ylkPsf] yk . ykfpg k|) ] lqm) != yKg nufpg . @= yfKg nu
fpg . ykfyk gf) != qmdzM jf wdfwd yKb} hfg] sfd k:kdf yKg] sfd . lqm) lj) @= wdfwd
ykykL ykyktL . ylkg s) lqm) yk ulg a9fOg hf]l8g . ykjf lj) yk]sf] jf ylkPsf] y
Psf] ylkg] yKg] . yKsf gf) [c) d") yk sf] rf}FL ufO{sf] kR5 rd . yKk lqm) lj) [c)
] ykSs ykSs . yKk8 gf) [c) d") yk\ k8] xftsf] kGhfn] s;}sf] ufnf cflbdf ulg] k|xf r8
sg emfk8, nk]6f . > yKk8\fO gf) yKk8 xfGg] sfd . yKkfyKk gf) [c) d") yk kfk] x]) yK
. > yKKofO gf) yKk8n] xfGg] sfo{ jf sfObf . yKKofOg s) lqm) yKk8n] lxsf{Og lkl6g
. yKKofpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) yKk8n] lxsf{pg yKk lbg . ylk| gf) kxf8ltsf 3df dfly
] tnfdf lemlsPsf]

lqm) yRRofOdf kflg . yRRofpg k|) ] lqm) != anhkmtL yrfg{[ jf a;fNg . @= lyRg fS
g . yRRofx6 gf) yRRofO . ytd/fO gf) [yft dfO] != cfn]6fn] . @= cndn . #= lbUe|d e|flG
t . > ytd/fOg c) lqm) ytdfpg] xf]Og . ytd/fpg c) lqm) != cfn6fn ug{ cNofdNof u
o latfpg . ;) lqm) @= s]xL cfZjf;g lbP enfpg . #= sg} sfd aLrd} :ylut ug{ jf y
ftL fVg . ytd/fx6 gf) ytdfO . ytsf{O gf) [ ytsf]{ ( cfO)] nuftf ysf]{ pTkGg xg] j
fg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [>] ytsf{Og s) lqm) ytsf]{ lgl:sg . ytsf{pg c) lqm) 8 jf sg}
cGo sf0fn] sfDg, xlNng . ytsf{x6 gf) ytsf{O . ytls{g c) lqm) [ytsf]{ O
g] yy
fFKg yls{g jf xlNng . ytsf]{ gf) [c) d") y y sf]] != nuftfsf] ysf]{ . @= sDk ysf]{
. ytSof{O gf) [ ytls{ ( ofO)] ytls{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] ytSof{Og s) lqm) ytl
s{g] kflg . ytSof{Onf] lj) nuftf sfldx]sf] jf sfDg nfossf] ytls{g] vfnsf] . ytSof{p
g k|) ] lqm) ytls{g] tNofpg . ytSof{x6 gf) ytSof{O . yg/L gf) [ygf] O{] ;fgf] yg
] . yg/f] gf) cfuf] rnfpg] 6Kkf] 3d]sf], sf}sf] Ps cf}hf lrD6f yf]{ . > ygf}/] gf
!= 7"nfa8f, dlvof cflbsf] dfn;fdfg jf sDnf]s6  f] af]lslbg] dflg; . @= 7"nfa8fsf]
k5f}6] rDrf . ygf}/f] gf) [yg cf}f]] != ufO{e; F+} L cflbsf] sNrf}8 F f] kmfFrf] .
@= yg]nf] f]u . yGsgylGsg c) lqm) [yfGsf] (O) g] != pkoQm 7fpFdf ;lIft xg
nfUg . @= tx nfUg . #= pk]lIft xg . $= :ylut xg . > yGsfO gf) yGsg] jf yG
sfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . yGsfOg s) lqm) yfGsf] nufOg . yGsfpg ;+) lqm)k|]) lqm) yfGsf
] nufpg yfGsf] nfUg] kfg{ . ylGsg c) lqm) != yGsg . s) lqm) @= yGsfOg . yGSo
fO gf) yfGsf] nfUg] lqmof jf lsl;d . yGSofOg s) lqm) yfGsf] nufOg yGsfOg . yGS
ofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != yfGsf] nfpg fd|L fVg 7]ufg nufpg 7fpFdf fVg . @= y
fUg] kfg{ . yGrf]nLyGrf]nf] gf) [:tg rf]nLrf]nf]] :qLxn] :tg dfq 5f]k] nufpg] nuf b
}6L a|]l;o r]:6 . yk\g ;) lqm)[ ;+) :yfkg] dfqf, kldf0f jf u0fsf] j[l4 ug{ a9fpg
kfg{ yk ug{ ykjf lbg hf]8g \  of]u ug{ . > yk gf) != cltlQm a9 sg} sfsf]
@= ylkPsf] ykjf .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickGa.p65

yd\gynyn bnfg vnf d6fg . yd\g c) lqm) [;+) :tDeg] != cl8g f]lsg yfldg . @= l6
g . > ydfO gf) yfDg] sfd jf sfObf . ydfOg s) lqm) yfDg] jf yfldg] tNofOg . ydf
pg k|]) lqm) yfDg nufpg yfDg] tNofpg . yd]nL gf) [yfd PnL] yfd vDaf vfdf] . ydf}tL
f) [yfd\ cf}tL] ;sfL jf u};sfL sg} klg ;]jfdf x]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;f]xL kb 7fpFdf xL
f ;flasadf]lhd sfd ug{ Dofb yk ug]{ sfd vf];jf jf khgL guL ;f]xL sfof{no jf ;+:yf
df xg sfo{jfxL xg] lqmof yfldg] sfd . yDaf gf) [;+) :tDe] != s]/fsf af]6sf] k]mbb]
lv kft knfpg] 7fpF;Ddsf] efu yfd . @= vfFaf] vDaf . y/ gf) [;+)] != d"n snkDkfaf6 ;Gt
gb;Gtfg xFb} cfPsf] pkgfd j+zfgut pkkb . @= k|sf lsl;d . #= sg} yLsf dftxtsf] cfafb
(hUufhldg cflb) . y/s gf) [;+) :yfgs] != ysfO dfg],{ ;:tfpg] jf la;fpg] sfd . @
= cf]yfpg] jf ;]nfpg] sfd . y/3/ gf) [y 3] != dWosfndf uf]vfnL bafdf zfxsfndf fhf
dfg;f fh;ef o4 cflbdf efu lng kf08], cHof{n, kGy, fgf, vgfn af]xf oL 5 ysf PsP
QmnfO{ fv] agfOg] Ps ;\u7g 5y . @= hUuf gfkL ug]{ sflGbf . #= kvf{xsf] lgjf;:yfg s
nf] . $= kDkfb]lvs} snLg dflgg] kljf, sn3fg . %= g]jfhfltsf 8\uf]nsf] 3sf] d"nL
/ gf) [c) d") y\ c (l) )] != qf;, qmf]w, cfz\sfh:tf dfgl;s ;+ju ] cyjf hf8f], f]u jf s
hf]Lsf sf0fn] zLdf pTkGg xg] sDk yy nunu yy{/ . lqm) lj) @= yy u] yyL
/tL lqm) lj) nunuL . y/y/fO gf) yyfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof yyfO . y/y/fOg c) lqm) y
g yls{g 8fOg . y/y/fpg c) lqm) dfgl;s ;+ju ] (qf;, qmf]w O)), hf8f], f]u jf zfLl
dhf]Lsf sf0fn] yy xg sDk 56g \  sfFKg xNng ys{g yyfpg . y/y/fx6 gf) y
k|lqmof yyfO . y/y/L lqm) lj) yytL . y/y/] gf) != yy uL ;Dk"0f{ zL jf zLsf xf
} c\u sfFKg] Ps f]u . lj) @= yy sfDg] xNng] . #= 85]?jf . y/x/L gf) [k|f) yxlc ] !
klQ cfOnfUg] cfz\sfaf6 pTkGg xg] 8 qf; . lj) @= ys{dfg 8n] sfFks ] f] q:t eoeLt . y
f) [y O{] != lsl;d k|sf . @= ufpFsf dlvofdlgsf]
584

sd{rfLsf] Ps kfgf] kb . lj) #= ysf] y ePsf] . ~ kl08t gf) k9] geO{ yn] dfq kl08t .
lvof gf) ufpFsf] dVo dfG5] dlvof yLx . y?gL gf) [yf gL] != :qL yf . @= yfsL kTg
f) [yf jf] != yf . @= yf;dfhdf kltsf nflu k|rlnt zAb . > y?jfgL gf) yfefiff . ys{g
lqm) [ys{ g] != 8, qf; cflbn] yyfpg y{ xg sfFKg . @= 8fpg . ys{dfg lj) [ys{ d
] eoeLt . ~ xg 6) 8n] ;fx|} cflQg yxL xg . ysf{O gf) [ ys{ ( cfO)] ys{g] sfd
ysf{Og s) lqm) sFkfOg xNnfOg t;f{Og 8 b]vfOg . ysf{pg ;) lqm) sFkfpg xNnfpg
]vfpg t;f{pg y{ ufpg . yls{g  s) lqm) sfFlkg 8fpg] kflg . ysL{ gf) != sk8fnf
v08 agfO{ To;df ePsf 3df uf]6L rnfO{ v]lng] Ps kfgf] v]n . @= kf;f, kRrL; cflb v]
ndf uf]6L rfNg cf]5fOg] v]n ;dfKt ePkl5 uf]6L cflb ;d]t fVg ldNg] sk8f . ysf] { gf)
[ys{ cf]] sDkg sDk yyfx6 . yy{/ gf)lqm)lj)x]) y/y/ . yk{ gf) != af6f3f6fdf agfOg]
L lxpFb] 5fk|f] . @= 5fpgL SofDk kfn . #= e]s If]q . yd{nljBt \ gf) [c\) yd{n ;+) ljB
t\] sf]Onfaf6 pTkflbt lahnL . yd{; gf) [c\)] kfgL, b"w, lrof cflb sg} klg tn kbfy{n
fO{ w]} ;do;Dd klxn]s} tfkqmddf flvxg k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] aGb efF8f] . ydf{ld6/ gf
[c\] != l;;Lsf] gnLleq kff] xfnL aflx ljleGg c\s ]vf;lxt hgfP tfk gfKgsf lgldQ k|of]
ulg] Ps oGq tfkdfks oGq . @= Hj jf k|f0fLsf zLsf] tfk gfKg] oGq . ydf]u { f | km gf)
[c\)] tfkdfgdf xg] 36a9nfO{ lgb]z { ug]{ tfkdfks oGqsf] tYof\ssf] n]vf]6 . y/{ lqm
) lj) [c) d") y\ ] != ys{g] rfnn] sfDg] lsl;dn] . lj) @= ys{dfg yxL q:t . yn gf) [;
kfgLafx]s k[YjLsf] sg} 7fpF hldg eO{F . ~ sdn gf) sdnem}F ;]tf 7"nf7"nf af:gfbf k"m
n kmNg] af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn . ynyn gf) [c) d") yn (l))] != Hofb} lkmFlhPsf] uhuh
L lxnf] bnbn wfk ef; . lqm) lj) @= zLdf df; Hofbf nfu] lxF8\bfjbf{ xNng] rfnn] . > y
yn] lj) != zLsf] df; ynyn ug]{ . gf) @= v;L, fFuf] cflbsf] 6fpsf] jf vf a];L ksfP
nL bxLem}F hdfOPsf] df;sf] Ps

c:\Sabdkosh\dickGa.p65
585

ynadyf\g] cflb nxfnfO{ k|z:t ofFlug lbg cf8:jk eOd F{ f ufl8g] sf7, vsf] xfFuf] cflb
f\u|f] . @= yqm] nf km6fpg] Ps k|sfsf] df]6f] sfFluof] yfqmf] . #= tfgdf sk8f aGbf
wfuf] ;DDofOg] sfFluof]h:tf] Ps pks0f . yfjn gf) [ yfpnf]] af]6la?jfdf xflnPsf] kfgL
nfO{ otfplt aUg glbO{ ToxLF g} hDg] agfpg rf}lt jlkl p7fOg] df6fsf] l8n t/jff] yfnf
fn . yfOl;; gf) [c
\)] Ifof]u fhoIdf ;'s]gf; l6aL . yfpnf] gf) != ;fgf] 7fpF hldgsf
6'qmf] . @= vghf]t ubf{ jf lnkkf]t ubf{ vfnL x]sf] cyf{t\ ghf]ltPsf] jf lnkkf]t
gulPsf] efusf] hldg fF6f] . yfs\g c) lqm) != >d jf sfdn] zL uNg ysfO nfUg ylst
xg . @= ufO{e; F} L cflbn] uef{wfgsf sf0fn] b"w lbg 5f8\g . yfqmf] gf)x]) yfFq
mf] . yfs gf) [;+) :ts] != txtx kfL ldnfP flvPsf] sg} j:tsf] ;d"x vK6fP flvPsf j
;dli6 rf . @= klZrdL g]kfnsf] Ps vf]nfsf] gfd jf To;sf jksf] k|bz ] . yfsn gf) vh jf
vhsf] af]6 . yflsn gf) dlNFn8fsf] emfD6f] . yfSof gf) [ef]) a)] pmgaf6 tof kflPsf] P
s k|sfsf] alnof] 8f]L . yfSn] lj) [yfsn P] yfsn;Fu ;DalGwt yfsnh:tf] yfsnsf] . ~ /fof]
f) yfsnsf h:t} l5l5 k]sf lkFmlhPsf kft xg] cf] lsl;dsf] fof] ;fu vfg xg] la?jfsf
hft . yfS;] gf) != yfs vf]nfsf ysfnLafx]ssf z]if tDaf hflt lxdfnL ef]6] . lj) @= k
mf]xL . yf\syf\sf gf) [;+) :yfg g]jf) sf] sfut, sk8f cflbdf c\lst af}4 wd{;Fu ;DalGwt
lrqljz]if kf}af . yf\u|f] gf) != vf];]nf;lxtsf] ds}sf 3f]ufxnfO{ ;lIft tjn] w]} lb
d flvxg hldgaf6 s]xL dfly p7fO{ agfOPsf] sf7, afF; cflbsf] dfr ds}sf] ;nL . @= yfF
qmf] . yf\gf gf) [yf\gf] cf] yf\g] eP jf yf]lqP x]sf sk8fsf ;;fgf 6qmf wf . y/f
]qf sk8f cflb emqfdqf . ~ ef]6f gf) yfgfyf cfxfhfxf . > yf\lgg c) lqm) != yf\g
g yfg] xg yf]lqg y\lgg . @= cndlng l9nfpg . #= Hjf] lau|g . $= 3fp srdlrg
f\g ] lj) [yf\gf] P] != yf]lqPsf] nuf nufpg] emq] yf\gfdf ;Tg] . @= 2L sfd gnfUg
/f] gf) w]} lbg;Dd nuftf yf\lgP cfOxg] hf] DofbL hf] . ~ a]yf gf) kykx]h cf}if
tng geO{ srklrP

klsf . #= bnbn ef; wfk . ynad gf) [;+) :yn c\) ad] hldgdf lxsf{P k8\sfOg] Ps lj:kmf]
t k8\sf . ynx/f gf) xfn aemf lhNnfdf kg]{ plxn]sf] k|l;4 Ps fHo . ynf gf) [;+) :yn]
!= f]uzof lafdLsf] cf]5fg kyff . @=hUuf :yfg 7fpF yft ynf] . ynfO gf) [yfn\ (
yfNgL . [>] ynfOg s) lqm) yfNg nufOg . ynfpg k|]) lqm) yfNg nfpg . ynfdf/L lqm)
lj) != 9;d:; k]sf] jf 6;sf] d; geO{ Ps} 7fpFdf a:g] lsl;dn] . @= yn}af6 p7\g] jf
plk|mg] lsl;dn] . gf) #= To;L v]lng] Ps v]n . ylng c) lqm) [ynf O g] != lgs} lafdL x
g ynf kg{ cf]5fg kg{ f]ufpg . @= ;Ts]L xg . #= sfd f]lsg . ylnof gf) [yfn O
f] yfn yfnL . ynL gf) [;+) :ynL] cUnf] 7fpFsf] ;Dd k]sf] hldg a:tL a;fNg of]Uo e"v08
6f . ynf] gf) [;+) :yn] != 7fpF yft hUuf . @= ufOe}; F+ L afFlwg] jf a:g] 7fpF . #=
lslofkqLn] ksfP vfg lk08 lbg hnfzosf] glhs agfOPsf] 7fpF l9sf] . $= sg} 36gflb 36]
7fpF 36gf:yn . %= k[YjL e"ld . ~ lsnf] gf) != ufO{e}F;L afFWg] 7fpF sLnf] . @= kz
kfng Joj;fo . #= d]sf] 7fpF afFws ] f] sLnf] . $= :qLk?ifn] cj}w of}g;DaGw fv]sf]
7fpF . %= b3{6gfsf nIf0f;lxtsf] b3{6gf:yn . > yNofO gf) ynf kg]{ lqmof jf k|ls
of . yNofOg c) lqm) != ynf klg f]ufOg cf]5fg klg . s) lqm) @= ynf kflg . yNofp
] lqm) != ynf kfg{ f]uu|:t tNofpg . @= sfddf afwf kfg{ . y;NnL lj) [y;Nnf] O{]
7"nf] hLp8fn ePsL -cfOdfO{_ Hofb} df]6L -cfOdfO{_ . y;Nnf] lj) [yf;f]
Nnf]] != 7
"nf7"nf rfs ePsf] rfs] k] . @= df]6f] yf;] . gf) #= lgtDa rfs lkmnf] . yl:;g c) l
yf;f] O g] != vfg] rLhaLh cflb cfjZostfeGbf a9L ylk|g . @= lb;f ug{ a:g . #= yf;
nfUg . $= df]6f] xg . > y::ofO gf) != y::ofpg] sfd jf sfObf . @= yf;] cj:yf df
]6fO . #= lb;fufO . y::ofOg s) lqm) yl:;g] kflg . y::ofpg ;) lqm) !=vfg] rLhaLh c
flb cfjZoseGbf a9L ykfg{ . @= lb;f ug{ (tR5 cy{df) . yfq F m] lj) [yfFqmf]P] yf
Fqmf]df kmNg] (sfFqmf], km;L{, tf]lofF, l;dL, af]8L cflb tsf{L) yfFqmf]l;t ;DaGw eP
sf] . ~ 3F; gf) kftsf] g;faf6 yfFqmf] (s]z sf]g{ ] ;fwg) agfOg] Ps 3fF; . ~ a]t gf)
Ps k|sfsf] a]t . ~ ;Nnf] gf) Ps k|sfsf] ;Nnf] . yfqmf] gf) != jiff{ofddf kmNg] sfFqm
f], l3f}Fnf, l;dL, O:s;

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Ga'.p65

yf
\gf]yf/lsg'{ yf
\lgPsf] ladf w]} lbg 6fFluPsf] ladf yf
\g] hf] . ~ df
\g ] gf) e
n'uf nfP dfu]/ vfO{ hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ JolQm eLvd
\uf . yf
\gf] gf) [;+) t
\ugt
\sg] yf]l
n'uf sk8f e'mqf] lrNyf] lrTy8 sGyf lry8f] Rof
nfaftL . yfHof gf) [g]jf)] sk8f jf c
' a'Gg] sfd . yf6 gf) [7f6] ;
\uLt ljBfdf fuflbnfO{ JoQm ug]{ :jxsf] of]u jf d]n . yf8
fyf8f] gf) [;+) :yfn] 3sf] d'G8f 5fg' 5t . gf) [;+ :yft (yfg)] jf;:yfg ynf] 7fpF .
]ufg gf) yftynf] . ~ ynf] gf) k'vf{b]lv al;cfPsf] 7fpF hGdynf] 3f . ~ jf; gf) yftyn
]af; . yftL gf) [ :yfltl:ylt] != wf}6 wf}6L lwtf] hdfgt . ' f gf) ljjfbu|:t hUufhld
o @= gf;f] . ~ y'gj dfdnfdf ;sfff afnL jf cGo sfsf] f]Ssf ug]{ sfd yff] uf8\g] sfd
gf) [;+) :yfg] != b]j:yn b]jb]jLsf d"lt{ x]sf] 7fpF dlGb b]jn b]jLyfg . @= 7fpF :yfg
#= afF;sf] 3fL . $= Ps rf}kfof (ufO{, uf]? O)) k|f0fLn] csf]{ rf}kfof k|f0fL;Fu h
'Wg tof ePsf] l:ylt . yfg@ gf) != sg} lglZrt ndfOsf] sk8f k6fpFbf jf a]bf{ x'g] PsfO
sk8fsf] l;
\uf] kmbf{ . @= j:t'sf] ;
\VofTds PsfO uf]6f k|lt j6f . yfgf gf) [;+) :yfg]
|xL rf}sL k'ln; cf 7fgf . klt gf) sg} 7fpFsf k|dv ' b]jtf If]qkfn . yfgL gf) [;+)
!= d'Vo b]jtf :yfgLo b]jtf . @= ufpFsf] d"nL ufpFsf eb|enfbdL -yl/, yfgL / /}yfg]
:yfgLo} 5f}+ ;a} hg g/xl/gfy ._ . ~ k"hf gf) d'Vo jf :yfgLo b]jtfsf] k|foM jif{d
f PskN6 x'g] k"hf . yfg]bf/ gf) [yfgfbf] k|xLrf}sLsf] d'Vo clwsfL k'ln;cfsf] k|d'v
f . yfGsf] gf) [;+) :yfgsf]] txnfpg] jf yGSofpg] sfd 6'
\uf] 7]ufg . dfGsf] gf) yGS
jf ;'[Iff;fy fVg] sfd . d'Gsf] gf) yfGsf]dfGsf] . yfk\g ;) lqm) [;+) :yfkg] != sg
fpFdf jf d"lt{df ljlwjt\ b]jLb]jtfsf] k|f0fk|lti7f ug{ :yfkgf ug{ . @= s]xL rLh
xftdf dfUg jf kf]N6f], y}nf], efF8f] cflb eg{ . #= hjf cflb v]ndf ?lkofFk};f
fVg bfp yfKg . yfkgf gf) [;+) :yfkgf] ykgf :yfkgf . yfkf gf) != k"jd { Wosfnxb F
f] klZrdL g]kfnsf] l;Ghf ;fd|fHodf dxf;fdGt;Ddsf] Ps kbjL ykfnf]sf] :jfdL . @= g]
kfnL v;, duxsf ;dbfodf k|rlnt Ps k|l;4 y . ~ lrlgoflrgL gf) tLg dlxgfd} kfSg] Ps hft
f] wfg
586

jf To;}sf] rfdn . yfkfyfk gf) [yfk\cfyfk\c] != k:k ;dfgfGt kn] yfKg] sfd . @= yfKg]
:kwf{ . #= k:ksf] ykfO . yflkg' s) lqm) [yfk\Og'] != b]jLb]jtfnfO{ sg} lgot :yfgdf yk
f ulg' yfkgf ug'{ . @= s]xL rLh dfUg xft, kf]N6f] cflb k}mnfOg' . #= h'jf cflbdf ?
lkofFk};f flvg' . yfk|f ] gf) [;+) :yfks[t] kz'sf lji7fsf] y'k|f] jf f; . yfKn] lj)
[yfKnf]P] != yfKnfdf nfpg] jf af]Sg] . @= lgwf rf}8f x'g] efUozfnL . gf) #= yfKnfg]s
f] k'mn]sf] f}F rfFbf] . ~ x'nfs gf) != g]kfnsf] PsLs/0ftfsf gfDnf yfKnfsf edf ;bkfg
af]Sg] Joj:yf ulPsf] x'nfs . @= klZrdL g] k fndf st} s t} cem} cgf} k rfls kdf k|
r lnt kfl>ldsljgf efL cflb af]sfpg] k|yf x'nfsL k|yf . yfKnf] gf) [5fk > yfkk|f= ONnf
] != 6fpsf] lz skfn vKk . @= kxf8kj{tsf] dflyNnf] efu 6'Kkf] r'r'f] . #= efUo k'k'
d\g ;)lqm) [;+) :tDeg] != sfod fVg gabNg g5f]8g \  f]syfd ug{ f]Sg ydf}tL u
c8fpg l6sfpg . yfd gf) [;+) :tDe] != 7"nf] vfFaf] vDaf . @= s]fsf af]6sf] k]mbb]lv
kft knfpg] 7fpF;Ddsf] efu yDaf . #= f]syfd k|ltaGw (s]jn ;df;df, h:t} f]syfd, yfdk
)) . ~ v ] lj) != f]usf sf0fn] vf] ;lgP yfdh:tf] ePsf] xfQLkfOn] . gf) @ uf]8f ;
] Ps f]u kfbzf]y . yd gf) != sg} hlQm nufP dgfpg] jf lrQ aemfpg] sfd ;DemfOaemf
g]{ sfd . @= f]syfd ug]{ sfd yfldfVg] sfd yfdk . k/ gf) != sg} tlsfn] yfd] jf
d ey]u ug]{ sfd . @= h;L eP klg lrQ aemfP sfa"df fVg] sfd . yfd/ yd/ lj)x]) yfDdyD
fDd/yDd/ . yfldg c) lqm) [yfd\ O g] != sfod flvg cl8g . s) lqm) @= yfDg] sfd ulg
yfdL gf) != hgsk ;udfyf c~rnsf kxf8L v08df xg] Ps cNk;\Vos hflt To; hfltsf] efif
@= ;udfyf c~rncGtu{t ;f]nvDa lhNnfleq ef]6]sf];Lsf] lsgffdf cGbfhL #,()) ld6sf]
prfOdf x]sf] vDadf kg]{ Ps 7fpFsf] gfd . yfDdyDdyfDd/ yDd/ lj) [;+) :tDe] yfdh
:tf] df]6f]3f6f] yfd/yd/ . yf/ gf) x]) yf/n . yf/lsg { gf) ufO{a:tsf cfdf 6fFl;P u
r:g], /ftf] sn]hL sf] y]Krf] zL ePsf], klxn] tLg hf]8f kl5 rf hf]8f vf xg], bO
g jif{;Dd gvfO{ afFRg ;Sg], ljleGg f]u ;fg]{ sLf] sL6ju{sf], cyf]{k8f (hf]l8Psf] vf

c:\Sabdkosh\dickGa.p65
587

yf/v/LlyqL sfDb} u]sf vfn] cl8g k|of; ug]{ sfd . lj) af]) @= gfgLnfO{ lylu|g k|fT
] ;flxt ulg] zAb lylxL . #= tn kbfy{df ldl;Psf] s;d; lylu|P e]nf ePsf] j:t lyu|f]
lyu|g c) lqm) [lyu| g] != y]u nfUg y]uf | ] hDg . @= lylxlg . >lyu|fO gf)!= lyl
] sfd jf sfObf . @= lylxlg] sfd jf sfObf . lyu|fOg s) lqm) != lyu|g nfOg lyUo|fOg
 . @= lylxlg] kflg . lyu|fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != lyu|g nfpg lyUofpg . @= lylxl
ufpg lylxlg] kfg{ . lyu|fx6 gf) lyu|fO . lylu|g  c) lqm) != lyu|g . @= lyu|g] sf
d xf]Og . lylu|gLlyu|g ] L gf) [lyu|f ] OgLPgL] != lylu|Psf] j:t lyu|f] y]lu|gL . @
afFsL art z]if . lyu|f ] gf) [;+) l:yLs[t] != kfgL, t]n cflb tn kbfy{sf] kLFwdf hd]
;]sf] s; lyu|]gL lylu|gL y]u|f] . @= afFsL z]if lgy|]gL lgyf . > lyUo|fO gf) lyUo|
d jf sfObf . lyUo|fOg s) lqm) != lylu|g] tNofOg jf kflg . @= lylxofOg . lyUo|f
pg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != lyu|f] a;fpg lyu|f] 56fpg s;nfO{ kLFwdf xg lbg . @= afn
O{ lylxL ug{ jf pEofpg ;3fpg, To;f] ug{ nufpg . lyUo|fg gf) lyUo|fOPsf] j:t lylu
|gL lyu|f] . lyr\g ;) lqm) [k|f) lyRr g] != lyrf]ldrf] ug{ bafpg . @= lsRg cFr6 ]
g \  . #= cF7fpg . $= 7]Ng 3Fr6 ] g \  . %= zf]if0fsfo{ ug{ . lyr gf) [lyrf]]
lyrf] bafp (s]xL ;d:t zAbdf dfq ;Lldt, h:t} lyryfr, lyrldr) yfrldr gf) != lyRg]jg]{
sfd . @= bafp lbg] sd bdg zf]if0f . lyrfO gf) [ lyr\ ( + cfO] lyRg] sfd jf sfObf [>]
lyrfOg s) lqm) lylrg] kflg lyRg nfOg . lyrfpg k|) ] lqm) lyRg nfpg . lyrflyr gf)
k:k lyRg] sfd Psn] csf{nfO{ lyRg] lqmof . lyrfg gf) != lyrfO lyrf] P]7 F bafp . @=
]if0f bdg . lyrfj6lyrfx6 gf) lyrfO . lyrfxf lj) ! lyRg] lyrjf . @= lyrf]ldrf] ug]{ z
]ifs bdgsfL . lylrg s) lqm) lyRg] sfd ulg lyrfOdf kg{ . lyrLldrL gf) lyRg] jf lsRg
sfd lsrsfr lsrLldrL . lyrjf lj) != lyrfxf . gf) @= sf]ndf t]n k]Nbf 5fk|LnfO{ lyR
g] sf7sf] Ps pks0f . lyrf] gf) [lyr\ cf]] != bafa P]F7 lyrfg . @= zf]if0f . #= cTofrf
rf] . gf) $= cdfly hah:tL ulg] g}lts, cfly{s cflb bafp zf]if0f cGofo bdgsfL sfo{ . l
gf) [;+)l:ylt] != cl3b]lv rlncfPsf] rng kDkf Joj:yf Llt . @= rfFhf] k|aGw . latL
tLlt . ~ /Llt gf) rfFhf]kfFhf] rfnrng Lltlylt . lyqL gf) afF;sf sK6]f ldnfO{ 8f]Ln]
g]sf], df5f

xg) ] ;d"xsf] Ps hLj . yf/v/L gf) 9L emf . yf/n gf) e}F;Lh:tf] b]lvg] Ps h\unL d[u y
. yf/L lj) [yff] O{] glaofpg] jf ;Gtfg ghGdfpg] afFemL a}nf aGWof . yf? gf) g]kfnsf]
/ leqL db];df a;f]af; ug]{ Ps hflt jf To; hfltsf] efiff . ~ gfr gf) != yf ;dbfod
f k|rlnt gfr . @= nf]Ug]dfG5]n] cfdf rf]nf] sDddlg df?gLsf] h:tf] nxFuf kf];fs nuf
O{ uf]8fdf 3F3? afFw] xftn] d[b\u jf dhf ahfpFb} gflrg], yfhfltdf rn]sf] k|l;4 g
fr emd emdf k"jL{ emdf . yf/f]! gf) [k|f) g]) yff] ( b08hljfgf)] != ljjfbu|:t
fnL ;sf/ff f]Ssf ulPkl5 To; hldgdf ufl8Psf] vfFaf] jf bfpfkft sf6\g lgif]w uL vsf x
f emG8fOPsf] 9\uf . @= ;sfff nufOPsf] f]Ssfsf] lrXg yftL ygjf . yf/f]@ lj) [;
!= aRrf hGdfpg c;dy{ (e}F;L, ufO{ O)) . @= s]xL gpAhg] (hldg O)) . yf/f]# gf) [y
f8f]] v]tafL sg{ agfOPsf] v] s6]f] 6xf] . yfn\g ;) lqm) [;+) tfn < t[] k|fDe u
{ p7fg ug{ >Lu0f]z ug{ . yfn gf) [;+) :yfn] kmfs eOF eO{ clnslt la6 p7]sf] uf]nf
sf jf rfkf6] efF8f] ylnof yfnL . yfngL gf) [yfn\ cgL] cfDe ;? yfNgL >Lu0f]z k|f
[;+) :yfn] vla?jfsf k]mbdf kfgL hDg lbg jlkl l8n xfnL agfOPsf] vfN8f] yfFjn cfnjfn .
yflng s) lqm) [yfn\ O g] ;? ulg nflug . yfnL gf) [yfn O{ < ;+) :yfnL] ljz]if u]
fdf rnfOg] ;fgf] yfn ;fgf] yfn . yfNgL gf)x]) yfngL . yf; gf)x]) yf;f] . yf;] lj) [y
f;f] P] != Hofb} df]6f] e2f zL ePsf] y;Nnf] . @= yf;f]h:tf] . yf;f] gf) [;+ li6clk|o
= xfQLsf] lji7f . @= uf]a, esff], lji7f cflbsf] ykf | ] yfk|f] y:;f] yf; . #= 7"nf]
rfs jf sG8f] . yfxyfxf gf) [k|f) yfx] != 1fg hfgsfL af]w ;dem . @= e]p kQf] va .
yfxf yfx;l4 . lyp gf) of]) [;+) l:ytd\] 5]pdf kf;df lgs6 l5pF 5]p . lyP6/ gf) [c
gf6s cflb b]vfOg] 7fpFljz]if gfr3 gf6zfnf
\ue"ld . @= y]6 gf6s gfr gf6 . lyu/l
])] != gfgLxn] plegnfO{ k|of; uL

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Ga'.p65

ly/y'
y'l
g' yfKg] ;f]nLh:tf] vf] . ly/ lj) [;+) l:y] != Ps} 7fpF, k jf cj:yfdf xg]
ljt{g gx'g] g8udufpg] 8]u a;]sf] 6'
\uf] nfu]sf] grNg] l:y . @= xn g rn 6; g d; . >
) lqm) != cl8u x'g' l6Sg' c8\g' pleg' . @= lylxlg' . ly/L [;+) l:y > lyO{] != pleg]
f (afnaf]nLdf) . lj) @= ly (cfOdfO{) . ~ ly/L gf) != ev{ pleg hfg]sf] afnsn] pleg]
lsl;d . lj) af]) @ afnsnfO{ pleg nufpg pRrf0f ulg] pT;fxjw{s zAb . lyofO gf) [ ly/\ (
fO)] lylg] sfd jf sfObf lylxofO . [>] lyofOg' s) lqm) y]ufOg' c8fOg' pEofOg' . lyof
j) ly bx|f] l7
\u . lyofpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) pefpg' lylg nfpg' . lyofx6 gf) lyo
) [;+) Znylzlyn] != lslrP jf ldlrP ynyn x'g] cj:yf . lj) @= lynlynf] . > lynlylng'
c) lqm) lynlynf] x'g' lzlyn x'g' . lynlynf] lj) != clt kl>d ugf{sf] sf0fn] jf s6lk6af
6 lzlyn ePsf] n:t y
\lynf] lynlynf] (JolQm) . @= lsr] jf s6] k"} k lauflPsf] (df;'
bf j:t') . lynlyNofO gf) lynlyNofpg] jf lynlylng] sfd jf lsl;d . lynlyNofOg' s) lqm
) lynlynf] kflg' . lynlyNofpg' ;) lqm) lynlynf] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nfpg' . lynLlkltnLlyn
LlanL lqm)lj) [lynf]O{laynf]O{ ] cf3ftaf6 hLj, kmn, ld7fO{ cflb sg} j:t' jf k|f0fLsf]
kdf k"0f{ ljs[lt cfP . lj) lynlynf] y
\lynf] . lylxl/g' c) lqm)[ ;+) lyOg'] lylu|g'
' pEofOg' . lylx/L gf) != afnsnfO{ lylxofpg] sfo{ . @= pleP lxF8g \ ] sfo{ (afnaf]nL
df) . lylxofO gf) lylxofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lylxofOg' s) lqm)ly t'NofOg' pEo
' . lylxofpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) ly kfg'{ jf pEofpg nufpg' . y'u \ g ;) lqm) [;) 6
gsf] vf]kfO] != df; cflbnfO{ yg \ Ldf fv] 6So|fpg dl;gf] kfg{ rf]S6fpg yy \
 y\g . @= nuftf wDsfpg 6f]s:g ufnL ug{ yg{ . #= lynlynf] kfg{ . yugL gf)
gL] df;' cflb y'FUg] sf7sf] ;fwg crfg' y'
gL . y'u fO gf) [ y'u \ (c + fO)] y'U F g
fd y'
fO . [>] y'u fOg' s) lqm) y'u F ] 6'So|fOg' . y'u fpg' k|) ] lqm) != y'U F
pg' y'
fpg' . c) lqm) @= k"mnsf] y'Fuf] nfUg' kmlqmg' . y'l ug' s) lqm) != 6'S|fOg' .
@= wDsfOg' y'l
g' . c) lqm)#= k"mn kmlqmPsf] x'g' . y'u j ' f lj) != y'u F gLdf fv] d
;gf] kfL sfl6Psf] y'Fu]sf] . @=kmlqmPsf] (k"mn cflb) .
588

y'u ] lj) [y'u F f]P] !=y'Fuf k]sf] y'Fuf x'g] y'Fufjfnf y'
] . @= y'FugLh:tf] wf
rf]6 gf) y'FugLsf] k|xf . ;/L gf) kmqmgkmqmg nfu]sf] k"mn kmqmg] cj:yfdf k'us ] f]
sf]lknf . ~ k'mn gf) != ;fgf;fgf kft ldn] Pp6f kft ePsf] d"n sf08df sfF8fh:tf ;]tf;
]tf luvf{ x'g], y'Fufy''Fuf k] k'mNg] ;'Gb c;n dflgg], sDkf]lh6L ;d"xdf kg]{ ljleGg
hftsf k"mnsf af]6ljz]if ltg}sf k"mn . @= ;okqL SofQ's] . y'uf]! gf) [;+) t'
u \ ;"o{
f rGb|] sg} Pp6f l;
\uf] k"mn k"mnsf] PsfO y'
f] . y'uf]@ gf) [;+) t
\s (g)l5gf]] y'u
L . y'M lj) af]) != sg} kmf]x j:t' b]v]/ jf s;}sf] 3[l0ft Jojxfn] ubf{ y'Sg] jf lgGb
f hgfpg] zAb . gf) @= To;L y'Sg] sfd . #= y'Sbf cfpg] zAb y'Ss . y'M lj) af]gf) k]ml
]ml y'M hgfpg] zAb . y'OSs lj) af]) [c) d") y'Os\s] y'SsM y'Oo l5M cfRr] . y'Oo lj)
[c) d") y'Oo] y'Sg] lsl;d jf sfo{ y'Ss y'OSs . y's \ g ;) lqm) [k|f) ySs g] != ys
fFSg[ ySs ug{ . @= dvleq flvPsf] j:t aflx lgsfNg . #= 3[0ff ug{ lwSsfg{ lkRsf
g{ cjx]ngf ug{ . ys gf) [k|f) ySs] dvaf6 cfpg] afSnf] tn kbfy{ fn . t]n lj) h
]hUtf], ku];ku]; . ys gf) != l3g nfu] dv ;fOxg] f]u . @= 3[0ff . ysL gf) !=
cj:yf, 3[0ff cflbsf sf0fn] ySg dg nfluxg] OR5f . @= ysys lbla lbld . bfgL gf)
[4xnfO{ ySg ;lhnf] kfg]{ x]tn  ] agfOPsf] ;fgf] efF8f] lkmsbfgL . ysfO gf) [ys\
( cfO)] ySg] sfd jf sfObf . [>] ysfOg s) lqm) ySg nufOg ySg] kflg . ysfpg ;+)
lqm)k|) ] lqm) ySg nfpg jf ySg] kfg{ . ysfys gf) k:kdf ySg] sfd cfk;sf] ysfO
. ylsg s) lqm) != ys kmflng . @= lwSsflg . ysj  f lj) [ys pjf] ySg] :jefj e
Psf] ylsxg] afgL k]sf] ySg] . ySs lj)af]) [c) d") ys \ s] != yOSs yOo . @= lw
{, k5tfpFbf, ufnL ubf{ jf ckdfg ubf{sf] efjnfO{ JoQm ug]{ zAb . ySkf gf) [ef])
a) ] rfpldg agfpg] ;fdu|Laf6} df; jf ;fukft;d]t xfn] tof kflg] Ps k|sfsf] emf]lnnf]
vfg]s f. yylg c) lqm) [;+) tu \ (l)) O g] xltofff nuftf ygLdf rf]S6fpg]
yylg] jf yyfpg] sfd jf sfObf . yyfOg s) lqm)

c:\Sabdkosh\dickGa.p65
589

y ] ydyd ylgnf] gf) ygdf b"w elP pAhg] f]u b"w uflggfn] pTkGg xg] f]u k|foM
:tgdf xg] b"wdfu{sf] f]u ygn ] f] . \ pjf] != ylgPsf] ygfdf k]sf] s}b k]sf] yg
f lj) [yg s}bL aGbL ygfxf . gf) @= cleof]u k|dfl0ft eOg;s]sf] aGbL cleoSt . #= f]
fj6 f]Ssf . ~khL{ gf) cleoStnfO{ sf0f b;f{O{ ygfdf fVg cbfntaf6 lbOg] khL{ sg} k
d2fsf] kk{Ifsf lgldQ ygfdf fVgkbf{ sf0f b]vfO{ lbOg] khL{ . yg]nf] gf) [yg Pnf
]] b"w uflgP hDg] tyf yg kfsL vl6f xg] :qLf]u ylgnf] :tgkfs . ygf}/f] ] gf) [;+)
tgsn] sNrf}F8f] kmfFrf] ygf}f] :tg . yG;] gf) k|foM kxf8v08df rLhaLhx lk7"Fdf af]S
f]u ulg], afF; jf lgufnfsf rf]ofn] algPsf] st} klg cfFvf jf Kjfn gePsf], 8f]sf]h
:t} Ps ;fwg . | ] kfg{ f; nufpg ykf/\g ;) lqm) [k|f) yk8f] g] != ykf 8\u kfg
f ug{ a6Ng ;FufNg . @= lb;f ug{ (lgGbfy{df) . #= a];L lk6] 5f]8\g . >ykf/fO gf
) ykfg]{ sfd jf sfObf . ykfl/g s) lqm) ykf | ] kflg ykf | ] nfOg . ykS  s l
qm) lj) [c) d") yks 
\ s] la:tf} ykSs vSs v?Ss . yk | g c) lqm) != yk|f] nfU
@= cf]Olg . #= x"n nfUg . > ykf | O gf) ykg | ] sfd jf lsl;d . ykf | ykL | g
f) [ykf | ] ykf |] ] kof{Kt dfqfdf geP kftnf]kftnf] cj:yfdf ePsf ykf | xsf] ;d"x y
ky }| k  f | . ylk|g c) lqm) [ykf | ] O g] != ykf | ] nfUg f; nfUg . @= wOl
6lng ;Fuflng hDdf xg . #= j[4fj:yf jf jfy cflb f]usf sf0fn] lxF88n ug{ g;Sg] e
O{ Ps ynfdf kg{ 8lNng . ykL | lj) [yk|f] O{] !=zL ga9] 9;d:; ePsL (cfOdfO{) ufG6
@= e2f lbdfu ePsL df]6L (cfOdfO{) . #= y;NnL . ykf | ] gf) [k|f) yk8f]] != flz f;
8\u vft nSs (k};fsf]) . @= al4 gePsf], e2f zLsf] dflg; . lj) #= w]} cg]s cguGtL
j) $= cToGt lgs} . yKo|fO gf) [ ylk| ( ofO)] ylk|g] sfd jf cj:yf ykf |] nfUg] jf n
ufpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [>] yKo|fOg s) lqm) ykf |] nufOg . yKo|fpg ;) lqm)k|) ]
lqm) != ykf | ] nfpg ykfg{ ykfg{ nufpg . @= lb;f ug{ . #= a];L lk6] 5f8\g .
yd gf) != kfgf] k|zf;lgs Joj:yfcg;f vf; u] lsfFtIf]qdf ltf]Joj:yfsf cfwfdf ljleG
Odf ljeflht ulPsf ;;fgf Onfsf . @= kj{tsf] 6fsf] . ydyd gf) [c) d")] cfZjf;g 9f8; .
> ydydfO gf) 9f8; lbg] lqmofk|lqmof . ydyldg s) lqm) ydyd xf]Og . ydyDo
fO gf) ydyDofpg] sfd jf sfObf ydydfO .

yylg] kflg rf]S6fOg . yyfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) nuftf ygLdf sfl6xg jf s

\ s] yrS
 ] lj)x]) yu F ]. yf] gf)x]) yu F f] . yrS  s lqm) lj) [c) d") yrs 
YofRr . \ r] x]) yrSs . yRr lqm) lj) [c) d") yr yt \ g ;) lqm) [;) blxt g] !=lem
Sg tfGg kmsfNg lgsfNg . @= wTg sf] vf]:g . ytfO gf) [ yt\ ( cfO)] yTg] s
|sf . [>] ytfOg s) lqm) yTg nufOg yTg] kflg . ytfpg k|) ] lqm) yTg nfpg . y
ltg s) lqm) != lemlsg tflgg kmsflng lgsflng . @= wltg sf] vf]l;g . ytg 
tg  f] gf) [y y gf]] != kzsf] dv . @= dflg;sf] dv rf]yf] (lgGbfy{df) . > ytg 
] lj) dvfn] rf]yfn] bdv { f k8\s] . yt/  L lj) [y t O{] != ytgfn] kms]sf] g
cflb kms] ahfOPsf] pRrf0f ulPsf] . gf) @= wQL afhf txL yQ  L . j]b gf) !
arfP fv]sf] kDkfut ljwfg lnDa"hfltsf k]bf\jf ;Toxf\jfxn] dvn] g} arfPsf], clnlvt
Gwd . @= >ltkDkfsf] sg} klg jf\do . yQ lqm) lj) [c) d") yt \ t] sg} s/f] yTg]
n] em lgsfNg], lemSg] jf tfGg] lsl;dn] . yg \ g ;) lqm) [;+) y \ g] !=ygfdf kfg
s}b ug{ h]n lbg hfSg hSVofpg . @= aGb ug{ f]Sg . yg gf) [;+) :tg] !=ufO{, e}F;
, afv|f] cflbsf] b"w emg]{ cjoj kmfFrf] sNrf}F8f] yg . @= cfOdfO{sf] :tg (tR5fy{d
f) . sfg] lj) != ygaf6 b"w cfpg g;Sg] eO{ uflgPsf] ygsf] b"wdfu{ ljs[t eO{ ufgf]
ePsf] . @= yg ufgf] ePsf] (JolQm jf kz) . sfgf] gf) sg} Ps jf PseGbf a9L yg uf
lgP/ b"w cfpg g;Sg] cj:yfsf yg ePsf] ufO{e}F;L ylgnf] ePsf] a:tefp . rnL gf) !
= rlRFrb} uPsf] lzvefu . @=ki6 jf rlnPsf] :tg . yg5]s gf) [yg\ 5]s] yGg] 5]Sg]
sfd afwf aGb]h Jojwfg 5]syg . ygf gf) [yg \ cf] != yGg] jf ylgg] sfd s}b . @=
fg h]n sffuf . #= cleof]u k|fdfl0fs g7xlpGh]nsf] ygfO . ygfO gf) [ yg\ ( cfO)] y
fd jf sfObf . [>] ygfOg s) lqm) yGg] tNofOg yGg nufOg . ygfpg k|) ] lqm) y
Gg nfpg ylgg] kfg{ . ygf3/ gf) [ygf 3] vf] sffuf . ygfxf lj) [yg\ cfxf] yg
lgg s) lqm) [yg \ O g] != ygfdf kg{ s}b ulg . @= aGb ulg f]lsg .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickGa.p65

ydny]Kr] ydyDofOg s) lqm) ydyd kflg 9f8; lbOg . ydyDofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm)
!= s;}sf] hLpdf xNsf tjn] la:tf}la:tf} wfk lbg ydyd kfg{ . @= 9f8; lbg . ydyD
ofx6 gf) ydyDofO . ydyDofxf lj) ydyDofpg] . ydn gf) yd ydleqsf] lglZrt Onfs
f jf If]q . ydf gf) [kmf) bDa] efn] e]8f] yDdf yDaf . ydfnLyd]nL lj) [yd cfnLP
sg} yd jf kxf8sf] lzvlt a;f]af; ug]{ n]sfnL . yDsf yDsL gf) [yDsf] yDsL] kxf8 cf
bdf ;fgf7"nf, cUnfxf]rf yDsfxsf] ;dli6 . yDsfnL lj) [yDsf] cfnL] yDsfdf a;f]af;
ug]{ yDsfdf a:g] yDsfsf] afl;Gbf . ylDsnf] lj) [yDsf] Onf]] yDsf] k]sf] yDSofOnf
yDSo}nf] yDs] . yDsL gf) [yDsf] O{] hldgdly s]xL p7]sf] hldgsf] efu ;fgf] yDsf]
. yDs] lj) [yDsf] P] ylDsnf] . yDsf] gf) != ;fgf] af6nf] 8fF8f] kj{t z}n . @= rn
L rrf] . #= ;fgf] yd . > yDSofOnf]yDSo}nf] lj) x]) ylDsnf] . yDaf gf)x]) ydf
. y/ \ g ;) lqm) != ufnL ug{ 6f]s:g . @= wDsfpg . #= lbSs nufpg . $= yU F g
yg \ . y/ gf) [k|f) y8] != vsf ;s]sf xfFuflaFuf lemqmf] . @= aQLdf 6fFl;Psf] l;L
. y/y/ lqm) lj) [c) d") y\ c (l))] nunu yy . >y/y/tL lqm) lj) cem} yy x
/y/fO gf) yy xg] sfd jf lsl;d . y/y/fOg c) lqm) yy xf]Og . y/y/fpg c) l
yy xg yyfpg . y/ y/fx6 gf) yyfO . y/y/L lqm) lj) != yytL . gf) @=
fO gf) [ y/\ ( cfO)] yg{] sfd . [>] y/fOg s) lqm) 6f]sl;g . y/fpg ;) lqm)k|) ]
qm) 6f]s:g jf 6f]s;fpg . yl/g s) lqm) != yFlug . @= ufnL ulg 6f]sl;g wDsfOg
. y/L gf) != sk8f aGg] tfgdf sf]sf ldnfOPsf] wfufsf] aLraLraf6 l5fOg], wfuf] flv
Psf] cufl8k5fl8 rRrf] k]sf] Ps ;fwg ;6n . @= nuf l;pg] sndf l;pgL jf 6fFsf fVg wf
uf] a]L k|of]u ulg] uf]nfsf Ps ;fwg alag . ykf{ gf) [ef]) a)] rf} F Lsf] gf}gL e]8
flbsf df; ld;fO{ tof kflPsf] ;?jf . ykL{ydL{ gf) ;fgf] vkf{ vkL{ . l3pt]n p3fpg
jf rnfpgsf lgldQ dfq k|of]u ulg] ;fgf] 8f8 ss]{pnL 8f8 .
590

yd {] gf) [ydL{ P] != l3pt]nsf] Jofkf ug]{ JolQm . lj) @= uf]7fn] h\unL . yn\uL l
[yn  u \ O{] dfem lsfFt tyf kNnf] lsfFtsf fO{hfltsf] Ps e]b jf ltgLxn] af]Ng] efiff
. y::ofO gf) [ yl:; ( ofO)] != yl:;g] sfd jf sfObf yKo|fO . [y::ofp cfO] @= y::of
pg] sfd jf sfObf yf;f]yKo|fO . #= f;nufO . [>] y::ofOg s) lqm) y:;f] nufOg yKo
|fOg . y::ofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) y:;f] nufpg ykf | ] kfg{ yk}| xUg . y]u\g
) lqm) [k|f) y] > y]u g] != clGtd cj:yf;Dd xg vKg l6Sg c8\g . @= sfdrnfp xg . ;
) lqm) #= cf8 lbg cf>o jf e lbg . $= kfNg jf jxg ug{ . y]u gf) [k|f) lyc < ;+)
l:yts] != cl8g] sfd bx|f]l;t yfldg] k|lqmof . @= 7]s . e/ gf) yfDg] e lbg] sfd ey]
y]u/ gf)x]) lyu/lyuf/ . y]ufO gf) [ y]u\ ( cfO)] y]Ug] sfd jf sfObf [>] y]ufOg s) lq
) y]lug] kflg . y]ufpg k|]) lqm) y]Ug nfpg . y]lug c) lqm) vlkg l6lsg cl8g . y
]uf] gf) [k|f) lycuf] < ;+) l:yts] sf ubf{ afDaf bf]xf]ofOg] lgy{s af]nL, zAb jf jfS
z xgL . (pbf) klaGbn] ubf{ rfOg] rf] ;fw, ;fw rf] xg ;S5 . k|df0fsf] ;d]t rfOg] kl
bn] \u ablnlbG5 . kl/aGb kiszdz] .) y]lu|gL gf)x]) lylu|gLlyu|g ] L. y]lu|g c)
u|f] O g] kfgL, l3p, t]n cflb tn kbfy{ flv5f]8\bf s; tn a;L ;\lng ;kmf xg . y]u|f]
x]) lyu|f] . y]Unf gf) != lxdfnL k|b]zsf] h\unsf aLrsf] vnf 7fpF . @= jgh\unsf aLr
sf] vnf 7fpF . y]Unf] gf) [y]u nf]] bfu 6f6f] yf]Knf] lrXg . y]rl/g c) lqm) [y]rf]
Q jf c6]L xg hl{g . y]r/f] lj) [ y]Qf]] hlt ufnL u] klg s]xL kjf{x gug]{ hlt l5
\b\ u] klg s]xL gnfUg] lw\Gofxf c6]L y]Rr y]Q y]Qf] . >y]rofO gf) y]rf]k
> y]Rrl/g' c) lqm) y]Rr x'g' . y]Q/ lj)x]) y]r/f] . y]Q/f] lj)x]) y]r/f] . > y]tofOF
]tofO gf) y]Ql/g] sfd jf sfObf . y]lKrg' c) lqm) [y]lKrg'] y]Krf] x'g' RoflK6g' YofRr
x'g' slRrg' . y]Kr] lj) [ y]Krf]P] != y]Krf] k]sf] YofRr k]sf] y]lKrPsf] slRrPsf]
y]lKrPsf] (dflg;) g]K6] g]K6f] . gf) #= Hofldsf hftsf] Ps k|sfsf] r]K6f] cldnf] kmn
tLgkq] .

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Ga'.p65
591

y]Krf]YofKrf]Yjf:; s) lqm) yf]qf] t'NofOg' . yf]ofpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) yf]qf] kfg'{ j

f kfg{ nufpg' . yf]ofx6 gf) yf]ofO . yf]k/\g ;) lqm) [ykf | ] g] != n]kg ug{ kf]
YjfkYjfk kf]Tg . @=yKo|fpg . #= yk]dfly yKg yf]kfg{ . $=Hofb} 7"nf] efL nfb\
g . > yf]k/yfk/ gf) sg} lunf] kbfy{ afSnf] uL nufpg] jf yf]kfg]{ lqmof . yf]k/fO gf
) yf]kg]{ sfd yf]kffO . yf]kl/g s) lqm) n]kg ulg yf]Ko|fOg ylkg yf]kflg . yf]k
kL gf) [yf]kf yf]kf O{] ;fgf7"nf uL w]} yf]kfsf] ;d"x . yf]kf/\g ;) lqm) [yf]k\ g]
kg{ . >yf]kf/fO gf) x]) yf]kfO . yf]kfl/g s) lqm) x]) yf]klg . yf]kf] gf) != sg} k
g tn kbfy{sf] emfbf{ jf 6KsfpFbf jtn { fsfsf] xg] ;fgf] kldf0f jf c+z laGb yf]Knf]
l56f] . @= l6sf] . yf]Knf yf]KnL gf) [yf]Knf yf]KnL] != ;fgf7"nf yf]Knfxsf] ;dli6 yf]
Knfxsf] ;d"x . @= yf]kfyf]kL . yf]KnL gf) [yf]Knf] O{] ;fgf] yf]Knf] laGb l6sL . yf]K
n] gf) [yf]Knf] P] !=yf]Knf ePsf] jf k]sf] . gf) @= lrtjfsf] Ps hft . ~e"Ifo gf) a;f
{tsf ;dodf k]sf] kfgLsf s8f yf]Knfx gf\uf] hldgdf kL xg] klxf] . ~ j[li6 gf) v08j[li
. yf]Knf] gf) [yf]kf] nf]] != sg} klg tn jf kGofnf] kbfy{sf] PskN6 v;]sf] ;fgf] kldf0
f yf]kf] laGb . @= l6sf] . yf]/ lj) sd Go"g cNk yf]} . ~ axt lj) w]yf] sda];L
[yff] P] e}F;Lsf] hjfg kf8L Aofpg] a]nf ePsf] t gAofPsf] kf8L . yf]/} lj)lqm) lj) [yf
] yf] sDtL g} . yf]nyf]nf] gf) cf]7 cf]i7 . YofRr lqm) lj) [c) d") Yofr\ r] != x]) yr
. @= y]Krf] kfg]{ lsl;dn] . #= lyRg] jf lylrg] lsl;dn] . YoflKrg c) lqm) [YofKrf
] O g] YofKrf] xg y]lKrg . YofKr] lj) [YofKrf] P] y]Kr] . ~ kfOn] lj) != 6]Sbf k}tfn
sf] ;Dk"0f{ efun] eO{F 5g] kfOnf ePsf] . gf) @= xfQL . YofKk lqm) lj) [c) d") Y
ofk\ k] sg} lunf] jf y]Krf] kbfy{ 6fFl;g] lsl;dn] NofKk . YofK;f] lj)gf) [yf;f]] cd\u
e gfd|f] . Yof/{ lqm) lj) [c) d") Yof\ ] != km6]sf jf lrlPsf afF;, sf7 cflb sg} j:
F 7Ss vfFbf cfpg]h:tf] Wjlgsf ;fydf . @= ytls{g] uL . YjfQ lqm)lj [c) d") Yjft\ t] y
Tg] lsl;dn] yQ . YjfKk lqm) lj) [c) d") Yjfk\ k] != sg} klg tn kbfy{sf] Yff]kf] emg]{
jf 6Ksg] uL . @= sg} lunf] kbfy{ sxLF 6fFl;g] uL . Yjf:; lqm) lj) [yf;f] jf:;] y:;f]
nfpg] jf y::ofpg] lsl;dn] y::ofPem}F uL .

y]Krf]YofKrf] lj) YofRr k]sf] r]lK6Psf] g]lK6Psf] (gfs cflb) YofKrf] . y]KRofO gf) [
Kr (ofO)] y]lKrg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] y]KRofOg s) lqm) y]Krf] kflg . y]KRofpg
;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) y]Krf] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . y]KRofx6 gf) y]KRofO . y]k ] y]a ] g
f) [;+) If]ks P] != ljleGg k|sfsf dd;nf xfnL agfOPsf] cfFksf] :jflbi7 baba] crf . @=
Ps yL jg:kltljz]ifsf] gfd . y}y } lj) af]) != afnsxnfO{ v]nfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb y}of
y}of y}of y}y}nf . gf) @= csf{sf] O;ffsf] cfwfdf gfRg] sfo{ . #= csf{nfO{ O;ffdf grfp
g] sfo{ . $= 7"nf] xif{ . nf gf) y}of y}y} . y}of gf) [y} of] != tanfsf] Ps tfn tf y
y} . @= y}y} . lj) af]) #= y}y}nf . ~ y}of gf) y}y} . y}nL gf) [y}nf] O{] != ;fgf] y
}nf] emf]nL gfDhf] ;fgf] Aofu . @=hUufhldg lsga]r ubf{ tf]lsPsf] df]n nfut ?lkofF d"n
wg . #= C0f ;fx"sf] kFhL . y}n] lj) [y}nf] P] != 7"nf] k]6 ePsf] vGrjf . @= w]} k};
f ePsf] wgL (x]ofy{df) . #= y}nLbf . ~afhf gf) dvn] kms] afF;  Lem}F gnLsf ;xfotfn
] ahfOg], 5fnfsf] y}nLleqsf] xfjfsf] emf]Ssfff ah] tLvf] :j cfpg] Ps jfBoGq GofpnL af
hf . y}nf] gf) sg} klg rLh fVgsf nflu Ps efudf vnf dv fvL afFsL efudf aGb uL l;OPsf
] sk8f cflbsf] efF8f] emf]nf, gfDhf] . > y}NofO gf) != y}nLefO . @= k]6af]sfO . #=
k]6efO . y}NofOg s) lqm) != y}nL elg . @= k]6 af]sfOg . #= k]6 elg . y}Nofpg k|)
] lqm);) lqm) != y}nL eg { efpg . @= k]6 af]Sgaf]sfpg . #= k]6 eg { efpg . yf]
gf) [k|f) yf]Ss] != j:t dfn rLh kbfy{ . @= Psdi6 laqmL ulg] dfn . #= k|sf yL lsl;
ljqm]tf gf) != sg} ;fdfg Psdi6 kdf laqmL ug]{ JolQm . lj) @= To:tf] yf]s ;fdfgsf]
Jofkf ug]{ . ~ Jofkf/L gf) sg} dfn vbf | ga]rL k"fk"} jf :ofF} a]Rg] JofkfL df]7
df]7 ljq]mtf (xf]n;]n) . ~ ;fdfg gf) 8Ss a]Rg egL 5fOPsf] ;fdfg . yf]t ] yf]tf] lj)
yf]tf] P] != bfFt k"/} jf v08 kdf gePsf] . @= ds} cflbsf 3f]ufdf aLraLrdf u]8f gePs
f] . yf]lqg c) lqm) [ yf]qf] O g] != yf]qf] xg hL0f{ xg emlqg kfgf] xg . @=
sDdf xg . #= a"9f] xg . yf]qf] lj) != hL0f{ emqf] kfgf] kmf6]sf] elTsPsf] (yf]q
] 3) . @= 2L a]sDdf . df]qf] lj) kmf6]RofltPsf] emqf]dq  f] . yf]ofO gf) [ yf]
yf]ofpg] sfd . [>] yf]ofOg

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
bblIf0fflUg
592

b
b! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] c7ff}F Jo~hg bGTo,
:kzL{, 3f]if, cNkk|f0f Wjlg tju{sf] t];f| ] j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{ jf cIf/s
f] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg blxn] b . b@ lj) [;+)] gfd zAbsf kl5lNt ;df;fGt eO{ lbg
], :jLsf ug]{, hGdfpg] cflb cy{ aemfpg] pkkb -hnb, wgb, ;vb, cGgb O)_ . bufnL lj)
[bf
cfnL] != bf
;DaGwL bf
sf] . @= bf
lgjf;L b
\ufnL b
fnL . bhfO gf) [bfh\ -cfO
f jf k|lqmof . [>] bhfOg' s)lqm) bfFHg nfOg' bfFHg] kflg' . bhfpg' ;) lqm) bfFHg] sfd
ufpg' bfFHg nufpg' bfFHg] kfg'{ . btfbtf gf) [bfFtcf] != k"f bfFt pld|;s]sf] dQf
fdf bfx|f cfO;s]sf] xfQL btf . lj) @= 7"nf7"nf bfFt ePsf] bfx|] . @= w'tfxf . btn '
L gf) [bfFtpnL] != pFwf] kmls{Psf] bfFt ePsL 9f]O{ nsgf . lj) @= bfFt aflx pl5lPsL 5
Fs] -:qL_ . btn ' f] lj) [bfFtpnf]] != bfFt aflx lg:s]sf] 5\jfFs] . gf) @= k"f bfFt j
bfx|f ePsf] dQf xfQL bFtf . btp ] L lj) [bfFtPpL] bFt'nL . bbp ] f] gf) [bfFb]+
. bbfO gf) [ bbfp -cfO_] bFbfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] bbfOg' s)lqm) bFbfpg] s
) lqm) [bfFb ] ofp g] lhnf}6f ;f]xf]L lxnf] df6f] ;Dd kfg{ . b+z gf) [;+)] != bfFtn
] 6f]s] nfu]sf] 3fp . @= ;fFk cflbn] 8:g] sfd . #= 8;fO . $= 8fF; 8fF7 . %= laR5L,
cl\ufn cflbsf] lrnfO . >b+zs lj) != bfFtn] 6f]Sg] -ss cflb_ . @= 8:g] -;fFk cflb_ .
#= lrNg] -laR5L cflb_ . b+zg gf) != 6f]Sg] sfd 6f]sfO . @= 8:g] sfd 8;fO . #= lrNg]
sfd lrnfO . $= 7\g] sfd 7fO . b+lzt lj) != 8l;Psf] . @= 6f]lsPsf] . b+zL lj) != 8:
] . @= 6f]Sg] . b+i6f gf) [;+)] ;fx|f] j:t bfg{ xg], 7"nf] tLvf] bfFt bfx|f] . >
b+i6L lj) != ;fx|f] j:t bfg{ ;Sg] 7"nf tLvf bfFt ePsf] bfx|] . gf) @= ;Fu aFb]n .
b+;f] gf) [;+) b+z] != ufO{a:t, ss cflbnfO{ lrNg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] lemFuf] 8fF;, 8fF7
. @= bfFtd} lanfpnfh:tf] Go"gtd kldf0f n]z . bs; gf) hfGg];Gg]sf cufl8 af]Ng cgsg
fpg] dfgl;s l:ylt . bsf gf) [;+)] b j0f{ jf cIf tju{sf] t];f | ] Jo~hgj0f{ . blSvg g
[;+) blIf0f] blIf0f . >blSvgfblSvgLblSvg] lj) != blSvgltsf] blSvgdf a:g] blIf0fL . gf
@= b|lj8, tldn cflb hflt . bIf lj) [;+)] !=of]Uo ;Ifd ljz]if1 l;kfn szn @= bfofF b
g] . #= Ps k|hfkltsf] gfd . sGof gf) bIfk|hfkltsL 5f]L ;tLb]jL . ~hgzlQm gf) sg} vf;
ljifo jf If]qdf bIftf jf v"aL ePsf] hgzlQm bIftfk|fKt hgzlQm ljz]if1ju{ . tf gf) bI
f xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt ;Ifdtf szntf . ~zlQm knfog k|lqmof gf) sg} Ps b]zsf k|ltefzfnL
JolQm jf Jofj;flos ;|ft ] n] ljleGg sf0faf6 :jb]z Tofu uL cs}{ b]zdf hfg] lqmof k|
ltefknfog . { o ePlt dv kmsf{pb F f bflxg]lt blIf0f gf) [;+)] != ;"of]b kg]{ lbzf p
Qsf] 7Ls pN6f]ltsf] lbzf blSvg . lj) @= of]Uo lgk0f l;kfn . #= bfofF bflxg] . $= s
sfd l;4 ug{df ;xfos . %= kfl>t . ^ cg]s gflosfdf ;dfg kn] k|d ] fVg] gfos ;n gfos wL
fQ, wLf]4t, wL k|zfGt wL/ nlnt rf k|sfsf gfossf] z[u \ fL cj:yfdf xg] rf lsl;ddWo
. ~Pl;of gf) Pl;ofsf] blIf0f efudf x]sf g]kfn, eft, e6fg, a\unfb]z, kfls:tfg, adf{,
>Ln\sf, ckmuflg:tfg cflb b]zxsf] e"efu . sfnL gf) != sf7df8f}F ;xb]lv !* ls)ld) blI
f0fdf cjl:yt Ps k|l;4 b]jL . @= lzjhLsf 5ftLdf bflxg] kfpn] 6]Sg] b]jL . #= tflG
qsxff pkf;gf ulg] Ps b]jL . tkm{sf sfdflG8 hgn gf) f0ffsfndf fHosf blIf0f efusf]
]vb]v ug]{ clwsfjfnf JolQm k"jt { km{kl5sf] f]njfnf . kGy gf) 3f] pu|jfbL jf qmflG
ljrfwffsf lj?4 qmlds, j}wflgs zflGtk"0f{ tlsfn] ljsf; ugk { 5{ eGg] Ps fhgLlts l;4
fGt blIf0fdfu{ . kGyL lj) blIf0fkGysf] blIf0fdfu{sf] ;dy{s jf cgofoL blIf0fdfuL{ .
dfu{ gf) ! blIf0fkGy . @= j]bljlxt wd{nfO{ dfGg] Ps ;Dk|bfo .dfuL{ lj) blIf0fkGyL .
blIf0ff gf) [;+)] != o1, k"hfcfhf, >f4 cflb b]jlkt[sfo{df sfo{ k"f ePkl5 a|fXd0fxnf
O{ lbOg] b|Jo rf8kj{ cflbsf cj;df 5f]Lr]nL, HjfOF cflbnfO{ lbOg] wg blR5gf . @= blIf
0f lbzf . #= bwfn ufO{ . $= c :qL;Fu ;DaGw fVg] gfosnfO{ klg k|]d ug]{ rt gflosf
. %= o1sL kTgL . blIf0fflUg gf) [;+)] ufx{kTo gfdsf] clUgb]lv blIf0ftkm{

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
593

blIf0ffrfb\ufkm;fb bufpg k|]) lqm) bug{ nufpg bf}8fpg . bufbu gf) sg} sfds
"a} bf}8fbf}8 ug]{ sfd bf}8wk sbfsb . bulg c) lqm) bug]{ xf]Og slbg . bUu8bfu
}f cyf{t\ gfrufg l;sfpg] jf p7fpg] dVo JolQmn] lems]sf uLtnfO{ 5f]Kg] ;d"x . bUw
lj) [;+)] != 89]sf] kf]ns ] f] lklN;Psf] . @= bMv kfPsf] ;tfOPsf] ;GtKt . #= ble{I
fu|:t . $= cze . %= ;Svf gL; . ^= bi6 . >bUwfIf gf) 5Gbzf:qcg;f sljtfrgfdf cze d
lgg] em, e, , if, x kfFr cIf . blUwg c) lqm) 3fdkfgLdf tk] jf leh] rsf]{ d]xgt ugf{n
] lafdL xg . bUwL gf) [;+) bUw O{] 3fdkfgL ;x] ulPsf] s7f] kl>d . sf] hf]Hjf]
l>dn] cfPsf] s8f Hjf] . bUWofO gf) [ blUw - ofO_] blUwg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] bUWofO
g s)lqm) blUwg] kflg . bUWofpg k|) ] lqm) blUwg] kfg{ . bb lqm) lj) [c) d") b\ c
!= gfd|f] uGw jf bu{Gw cfpg] uL . @= vf ahf/] lxF8\bf cfjfh cfpg] uL . #= l;/s, 8;
gfh:tf] df]6f] gd j:tdf s]xL ;fx|f] j:tn] lxsf{pFbf cfjfh lg:s]em}F . $= tf]k,
aGbs cflb Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ qmdzM k8\lsFb} uP . >bbtLbbL lqm) lj) l56f]l56f] bb u
[b\u bf;] != b k]sf] lgs} v;L ePsf] . @=lhNn kL dfPsf] 5Ss k]sf] cfZro{rlst . b
FufnL . b\u! lqm) lj) [c) d") b\ u] != aGbs, tf]k cflb k8\sb F f zAb lg:s] 9f\u . @
fh cfpg] uL k5flg] lsl;dn] . #= k5flFbfsf] cfjfhh:t} uL . b\u@ gf) [;+) d[b\u] Psflt
]sf] kL7f] 6fF;L xftn] 7f]s] ahfOg], bj}lt 5fnfn] df]xf]lPsf] 9f]nh:tf] Ps afhf .
b\u# lj) [kmf) b+u] !=w]/} k|;Gg lgs} v;L . @= rlst 5Ss lal:dt . bf; lj) bbf; . b
[kmf)] !=hg;d"x eL8 x"n . @= b\uf jf emu8f ePsf] 7fpF . #= To:tf] 7fpFdf k] jf sl7g
kll:ylt ef]u] kfOg] cgej . ~vfg 6) w]} xG8 ef]Ug jf dflg;sf] eL8df k] ws kmSg
bf) b\un vfPsf] 5f]fn] hLjg aem]sf] xG5 ._ b\uf gf) [kmf) b\un] != w]} dflg;sf] aL
ePsf] dfsf6 To:tf] emu8f afemfafem jf snx . @= pTkft pkw|f] . b\ufb\uL lj) [b\u cf
Hofb} v;L jf k|;Gg ePsf] lgs} xlif{t dSv k]sf] . gf) @= k|;Ggtf xiff]N { nf; . b\ufk
m;fb gf) [b\uf km;fb] != bunkm;n afemfafem

:yflkt ulg] clUg tLg k|sfsf clUgdWo] Ps . blIf0ffrf gf) [;+)] != j}lbs k4ltcg;f k~rf
[tff b]jL jf zlQmsf] k"hf ug]{ Ps ;Dk|bfo . lj) @= kfjg cgi7fgcg;f zlQmsf pkf;s .
#= cfr0fzLn . >blIf0ffrfL lj) blIf0ffrf ;Dk|bfosf cgofoL . blIf0ffledv lj) [;+)] b
lIf0ftkm{ dv kms]{sf] blIf0fkGyL fhgLlt, dfGotf cflbtkm{ cfGtls emsfp x]sf] blIf0ff
]Gdv . blIf0ffog gf) [;+)] != e"dWo]]vfb]lv pQlt x]sf] ss{]vfb]lv blIf0f ds]vf;Dd
;"o{sf] ult . @= ;"o{ ss{]vfaf6 cf]fnf] -blIf0flt_ nfUg] 5 dlxgfsf] ;do ;fpg] ;\qmflG
tb]lv kf}if d;fGt;Ddsf] ;do pQfo0fsf] pN6f] ;do . blIf0ffjt{ lj)[ ;+)] != bflxg]lt k
ms]{sf] jf df]l8Psf] bflxg]lt 3ds ] f] . @= blIf0f lbzftkm{ kms]s { f] jf df]l8Ps
f] . gf) #= bflxg] z\v . blIf0fL lj) [;+)] blIf0fkl x]sf] blIf0fsf] blSvgL . ~ gjfg
[tjzf:qsf cg;f blIf0fL clk|msfdf kfOg] dflg;h:tf] jfg . bvn gf) [c) bVn] !=sAhf clws
f ljho ; bSvn . @= lgk0ftf sf}zn . bunkm;n gf) [b\uf km;fb] emu8f afemfafem snx
b . bulNrg c) lqm) [buNrf] O g] !=sg} sfd buNrf] cyf{t\ cw"f] xg k"f gxg cwsNr
. @= cfwf blng d}bf gxg fd|L gkfSg . #= bfn, rfdn cflb l;nf}6f jf hfFtfdf xfn] v
;|f] kf] blng . buNrf] lj) != cwsNrf] cw"f] . @= clncln dfq kfs]sf] jf bn]sf] bulNr
sf] . >buNRofO gf) buNRofpg] sfd jf sfObf . buNRofOg s)lqm) buNrf] kflg cwsNrf] t
NofOg . buNRofpg ;) lqm) != buNrf] kfg{ . @= clncln ksfpg jf bNg . buf gf) [c
)] != 5n sk6 . @= OaL l; bfuf -pbf) fj0f\dfly buf w] ;xh} nId0f\ p7fYof h;} efge
_ . bufO gf) [bfu\ -+cfO_] bfUg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] bufOg s) lqm) bfUg nufOg
. bufpg k|) ] lqm) aGbs, tf]k cflb k8\sfpg bfUg] kfg{ . bufafh lj) [kmf)] buf
ug]{ wf]s]afh sk6L . > bufafhL gf)buf ug]{ sfd wf]s]afhL sk6 . bu \ g c) lqm) !=
 sb\g . @= efUg ;OFsRrf 7f]Sg . #= rfF8f] xg gf]lsg . >bufO gf) bug{] sfd
sl;d . bufOg s) lqm) bug{ nfOg bf}8fOg .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

b\lugbQfqo snx . @= s6fdfL dflk6 #= pTkfb pkw|f] . b\lug c) lqm) [b\u O g]
k|;Gg xg llemg . @= b\u k] n8\g k5flg . > b\UofO gf) b\lug] sfd jf sfObf . b
qm) b\Uofpg] sfd ulg . b\Uofpg k|]) lqm) b\u kfg{ v;L kfg{ lemfpg . b\Uofxf
fxf] b\uf ug]{ snx dRrfpg] dflk6 ug]{ :jefjsf] emu8fn . brs gf) [;+) bQ s[] != lxF8f
] rfkaf6 pTkGg xg] ysf{O Ps k|sfsf] sDk bRsf] . @= rf], 8fFsf cflbsf] pkl:ylt;"rs z
Ab eo;"rs zAb . #= 7Ss wSsf . bRsg c) lqm) [bRsf] g] != t;{g 8fpg e8\sg em:sg
l;{g cflQg eoeLt xg . > bRsfO gf) bRsg] lqmofk|lqmof 8 em:sf] qf; . bRsfOg s)
sfpg] sfd ulg . bRsfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != t;f{pg e8\sfpg . @= cofpg . bRsfxf l
) 8fpg] t;{g] em:sg] blRsnf] . blRsg c) lqm) ! bRsg . @= tl;{g . blRsnf] lj) bRsg]
:jefjsf] bRsfxf . bRsf] gf) [ brs] ysf{O brs . bRSofO gf) [ blRs - ofO_] blRsg] efj,
of jf k|lqmof . [>] bRSofOg s) lqm) blRsg] kflg . bRSofpg k|) ] lqm) blRsg] kfg
{ . bRSofxf gf) blRsg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . b08 gf) [;+)] != rf d8Lxft jf
Ps wgifafasf] gfkf] lsisx:tsf] rf ugf c\unsf] 5ofgAj] ugfafasf] gfk . @= nL
f 58L . #= ;hfo hljfgf 8fF8 oftgf b08;hfo . $= fhlrXg . %= k"mnsf] 8fF7 -sdn cflbsf]
s gf) != k|To]s r0fdf ;QfO; jf To;eGbf a9L j0f{ xg] 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . @=nL nf7f] b08
. #= k\lQm nx . s gf) efOPsf] b08sf] sddf ;sfsf tkm{af6 nfUg] s . ~ sfgg gf)
8;DaGwL Joj:yf ePsf] sfgg b08ljwfg kmf}hbfL sfgg . >b08sf0o gf) eftl:yt gd{bf uf
jLsf] aLrdf kg]{ Ps k|frLg hn . ~ s08 gf) sfggn] lgif]w u]sf] sf] u]df jf sfggn]
f lbPsf] jf cx|fPsf] sf] gu]df lbOg] ;hfo b08 . ~ u|x0f gf) ;fw aGg] sfd ;GGof;L xg
b08 u|x0f ug]{ sfd tLy{ofqLn] b08 lng] sfd ;GGof;u|x0f . w gf) != fhf . @= od . #= G
fofwLz . $= ;GGof;L . %= rf]abf . lj) ^= xftdf b08 lng] b08wfL . ~ gfos gf) != Gofof
wLz . @= k|xL ljefusf] dVo clwsfL . #= ;]gfklt ;]gfgfos . ~ gLlt gf) != zq jf ckfwL
nfO{ b08ff jzdf fVg] gLlt To:tf] Gofo jf ;}lgs;DaGwL k|zf;g . @= b08zf:q . b08gLo lj)
594

b08 jf ;hfo lbg of]Uo b08 lbgkg]{ b08 . ~ Gofofno gf) ckfwLnfO{ lbOg] b08;DaGwL ;Dk"
0f{ dfdnf x]g{] Gofofno kmf}hbfL cbfnt . kfl0f gf) != odfh . @= xftdf nL lng] JolQm
#= rf]abf . $= e}jsf] Ps k . ~ a}7s gf) Ps vf; lsl;dsf] zfLls Jofofd b08k]nfO s;t
:o gf) nfdf] emLgf] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] df5f] . jt\ gf) eO{Fdf n]6] ulg] Ps k|sfsf]
ffd jf gd:sf ;fi6f\u k|0ffd . ~ ljwfgljlw gf) b08zf:q b08;+lxtf . ~ zf:q gf) b08sf]
f{o;DaGwL zf:q b08ljwfg b08ljlw . ~ ;hfo gf) b08 ;hfo b08 . ~ ;DaGwL lj) b08;Fu ;Dal
wt -ljifo jf sfd sf]_ . ~ ;xfo gf) gf6ssf gfossf] ;xfotf ug]{ ldq, fhsdf, ;fdGt, ;}lg
l;sfL cflb kfq gf6ssf gfossf] Ps k|sfsf] ;xfo . b08fTds lj) b08 lbgkg]{ ePsf] . b0
8f b08L gf) x]) bG8fbG8L . b08fb]z gf) [;+)] ckfwLnfO{ bl08t ug{ GofofwLzff lbOg] cfb
]z b08f1f . b08fno gf) [;+)] Gofofno . bl08t lj) [;+)] b08 ulPsf] ;hfo lbOPsf] b08 kf
sf] . b08L lj) [;+)] != xftdf b08 jf nL lng] b08w b08wfL . gf)@= wft, sf7 cflbsf] n
. #= xftdf afF;sf] nL lnP lxF8\g] ;GGof;Lsf] Ps ;Dk|bfo . b08f]kaGw gf) [;+)] sfg
g, ;lGw;Demf}tf cflbsf] ;t{ pNn\3g ug]{ JolQm jf kIfnfO{ b08 lbg Joj:yf ulPsf] pka
Gw . b08 lj) [;+)] b08 lbgkg]{ 8fF8\g nfos b08gLo . btf/ gf)x]) bFtf/ . bltpgbltjg
[k|f) btj0f] bfFt ;kmf alnof] kfg{sf nflu k|of]u ulg] gLd, l;dfnL, sbd cflbsf sf
7sf] 6qmf] ckfdfu{ bGtsfi7 . bQ lj) [;+)] != lbOPsf] k|bQ ;dlk{t ;lDkPsf] bfg ulP
gf) @= ;\sNk u] bfg lbOPsf] jf ck{0f ulPsf] j:t . bQs gf) [;+)] sfggL k|lqmof tyf
zf:qcg;f ;Gtfg gePsf JolQmn] cfg} kljfsf] Ps kq jf kqLsf] kdf dfGotf lbPsf] c sg}
lQm bQskq wd{kq  jf wd{kq  L. ~ u|x0f gf) To:tf] wd{kq jf wd{kqL kfNg] sfd . u
|fxL lj) bQs kfNg] wd{kq u|x0f ug]{ . ~ kq gf) 5f]f gxgn ] ] zf:qLo ljwfgcg;f u|x
0f u]sf] 5f]f] wd{kq  kflnt kq . bQlrQ lj) [;+)] dg jf lrQnfO{ sg} Pp6} sfdsfdf
|t u]sf] PslrQ Psfu| . bQfqo gf) [;+)] a|Xdf, lji0f dx]zsf] cjtf dflgg],

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
595

bbfbGt bgs lbg] sfd ulg . @= bgbg cfuf] aflng . bGsfpg! ;) lqm) [bgs cfp g] dSsf,
nL cflbn] bgs lbg lk6\g 76fpg . bGsfpg@ ;) lqm) [bGs cfp g] != bgbgL cfuf] afNg .
@= tf]k cflb k8\sfpg . #= sg} sfdsf] kmtL{;fy ug{ . $= a];L vfg -vfB jf k]o kbfy
{_ . blGsg c) lqm) [bGs O g] != bGsg aNg . @= xxL aNg bgbgL aNg . bGs6L gf)
L] bGs] an]sf] cfuf] . bGsf] gf) [bGs cf]] cfufsf] Hjfnf bGs]sf] cfuf] . >bGsf]6 gf) b
gbgL cfuf] afNg] sfd bGsfO . bGSofO gf) [ blGs - ofO_] blGsg] lqmofk|lqmof . [>] bGSo
fOg s) lqm) bGSofpg] sfd ulg lkl6g . bGSofpg ;) lqm) bGsfpg lk6\g . bG8f bG8L g
) [;+) b08 b08 O{] bjt } km{af6 nL xfgfxfg u] ulg] emu8f nLsf ;xfotfn] ulg] n8fOF
fg 8G8f8G8L . bGt gf) [;+)] != bfFt . @= xfQLsf] bfx|f . sfi7 gf) bltjg . Ift gf) s
dqmL8fsf] l;nl;nfdf bfFtn] 6f]sL kflPsf] rf]6 bfFtn] 6f]Sbfsf] lrXg . ~ lrlsT;s gf)
bfFtsf] pkrf ug]{ 8fS6 bfFtljz]if1 8]lG6:6 . R5b gf) cf]7 cf]i7 . ffL gf)
] lQm :yfg jf Kjfn . f] lj) bGtf ePsf] bGtfLsf 5fF6sf] . wfjg gf) != bfFt df
jg . kq gf) sfgdf nufOg], ;;fgf] kftsf cfsfsf] Ps uxgf s0f{km " n . ~ kLIfs gf) bfFt
f] f]u jf bfFt;DaGwL cGo sfsf] kLIf0f ug]{ ;fwg, oGq jf JolQm . kmn gf) lgd{nL kmn .
~ ahfgaemfg gf) a];L dv 5f8\g] sfd egfeg afemfafem emu8f . aNs gf) bfFtsf] aflxk
bf j:t Ogfd]n . laL gf) bfFtsf] r sfnf] kfg{ k|of]u ulg] z[+\ufsf] Ps ;fwg laL
) != bfFt dfg] r"0f{ jf n]k d~hg . @= bfFt dfg] jf ;kmf ug]{ sfd . d"n gf) s7f] tfn
Gbf cufl8kl bfFt;Ddsf] efu jtf{ bgf;f] luhf bGt3 . d"nLo Jo~hg gf) lhe|fsf] 6Kkf]
mnsn] bfFtsf k]mbLsf 5]p5fpsf] efu -jT;{_ nfO{ 5f]P pRrlt xg] Jo~hg g]kfnLsf r, 5,
h, em, g, n, , ; Wjlg . ~ ljsf gf) bfFtsf] f]u . ~ ljz]if1 gf) bfFtsf] f]u jf bfFt;D
GwL cGo sfsf] 1fg ePsf] lrlsT;s bGtkLIfs . jLh gf) cgf bfld a]bfgf . z"n gf)
. zf]y gf) bfFt cl8g] 7fpF jf luhf ;lgg] f]u . xif{ gf) bfFt;DaGwL Ps f]u . ~ x;{
f gf) sfutLsf h:tf kft af]qmf xg], ;]tf] k"mn kmNg], af:gfbf sfF9f ePsf]

clq cg;"ofsf kq, Ps k|l;4 Clif . bbf gf) [t) bbx] afnaRrfxsf] x]ljrf ug]{ JolQm w
f] ?Fufnf] . bb|  gf) [;+)] Hofb} lrnfpg] / qmdzM k}mnFb} hfg] Ps rd{f]u bfb . bb\of
g gf) [;+) b0f ofg] != ;;fgf 9u \ f k|z:t ePsf] hldg . @= kfgLn] l3l;P dflydfly rf];f
rf];L 9\uf lgl:sPsf] af6f] . blw gf) [;+)] b"wnfO{ hdfPkl5 aGg] gf}gL, l3p cflb a
gfOg] afSnf] kbfy{ bxL . kik gf) kfgsf] cfsfsf 7"n7"nf kft xg], gLnf] ;]tf] kqjfn
k"mn kmNg], emKkfdf sf];fsf kdf kmn nfUg] l;dLsf] nxf To;}sf] sf];f jf bfgf sfp5]
l;dL . ;f gf) dSvg gf}gL l3p . bwLrbwLlr gf) [;+)] b]jtfxnfO{ cfgf] zLsf] xL l
ug]{ kf0fk|l;4 Ps Clif . bgs gf) [;+) b08s] nL, dSsf cflbsf] s8f k|xf rf]6 xgfO
f . bgbg lqm) lj) [c) d") bg\ c -l)_] != bGs] cfuf] aNg] uL v"al;t blGsP . @= tf]k
flb k8\sfpFbf wdfwd uf]nL 56\g] uL . >bgbgtL lqm) lj)rsf]{ kdf blGsP bgbgL . bgbgfO
f) bgbgfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . bgbgfOg c) lqm) bgbg eP cfuf] alng . bgbgfpg
 c) lqm) != bGs] cfuf] aNg, bGsg . @= v"a} fd|f] t]h:jL xg . #= al9a9fp xg ag
]sf] ;k|]sf] xg . bgbgfx6 gf) bgbgfpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof bgbgfO . bgbgL
lqm) lj) bgbgtL . bgfbg lqm) lj) [c) d") bg\ cf bg\ c] != qmlds kn] Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ wd
nufnu . @= sg} sfdsf] kmtL{;fy ug]{ uL . #=nufnu lk6] . $= Psgf;n] tf]k, aGbs cflbs
f uf]nfuf]nL 5f]8\b} . bgf;f] gf) [bfFt cf;f]] bfFt cl8g] 7fpF bfFt] 3 luhf . bgh gf)
[;+)] fIf; c; bfgj . bgjf gf) sdnf / lqhuf gbLsf] cf;kf;lt/ a;f]af; ug]{ Ps cNk;\
hflt . > bgjfL gf) bgjfhfltn] af]Ng] efiff . bg]pf]bGof}f] gf) [bfgf pf]] :jfb p
emf] cfsfsf] xg] Ps k|sfsf] ;]n bGof}f] . bGsg c) lqm) [c) d") bg\ s g] xxL cf
"al;t aNg fFlsg bgbgfpg xxfpg . bGsg { bGsgf] { gf) [bGt sf] ggf]] bfFt s
sK6]fsf] l;Gsf] jf 5]:sf] . bGsfO gf) [ bGs - cfO_] != bGsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= bg
s lbg] sfd . [>] bGsfOg s) lqm) != bGsfpg] jf

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bGtLbafO Ps af]6 . > bGtf3ft gf) bfFtsf] cf3ft bfFtsf] 6f]sfO . bGtfblGt gf) Pscsf{d
f bfFtn] 6f]sf6f]s u] ulg] emu8f . bGtfow gf) bfFt g} Ps dfq xltof ePsf] k|f0fL -xfQ
L, ;Fu O)_ . bGtfjn gf) xfQL . bGtfjnL gf) bfFtsf] nx jf xf . bGtL lj) [;+)] != bfF
xg] jf ePsf] . gf) @= xfQL . #= u0f]z . $= cFl8sf] af]6 . bGt lj) [;+)] != bfFt
cf]7eGbf aflxkl lg:s]sf] 5\jfFs] . @= nfdfnfdf bfFt xg] bfx|] . bGt] lj)x]) bGTo . b
Gtf]TklQ gf) [;+)] luhfaf6 bfFt lg:sg] jf pd|g] sfd . bGtf]nv " lns gf)[ ;+)] cfg}
bfFtn] rkfP dfq cGg vfg] l9sL, hfFtf], sn cflbdf s6]sf] jf lkFw]sf] cGg gvfg] j|t
lnPsf] ;fw . bGTof]i7 gf) [;+)] lj) != bfFt cf]7;DaGwL . @= dflyNnf] bfFt tyf tNn
f] cf]7sf] ;+nUgtfaf6 pRrf0f xg] Wjlg . bGTo lj) [;+)] != bfFt;Fu ;DalGwt . @= lh
e|fsf] 6Kkf] dfYnf] bfFtsf] ;+nUgtfaf6 pRrf0f xg] -Wjlg_ -t, y, b, w_ . ~ syf gf
) nf]sn] ouf}b F l] v kDkfut kdf ;+lIft ub}{ cfPsf], df}lvs tyf sfNklgs syf ;Gg] sy
f . bGg lqm)lj) [c) d") bg\ g] != fd|L aNg] jf emlnf] xg] rfndf xxfpg] lsl;dn] cf
Gs] aNg] uL x{ . @= tf]k, aGbs cflb k8\sFbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . bkfO gf) [ bfk\ - c
bfKg] jf x8Kg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] bkfOg s)lqm) bfKg] sfd ulg bfKg nfOg . bk
fpg ;) lqm) bfKg] sfddf k|]lt ug{ bfKg nfpg . bk]6 \ g ;) lqm) != s;}n] s;}nfO{ s
} sfdsf] lgxFdf lsg To:tf] eof] jf ulof] eg] xsfg{ 5fF:g 8fF6\g . @= lk5f ug{ nv
]6\g n3fg{ . bk]6f gf) [bk]6 \ cf] !=8, wfs, wDsL cflbff xKsfpg] sfd bk]6\g] sfd
O . @= nv]6\g] sfd n3ffO . bk]6fO gf) [bk]6\- cfO_] bk]6g \ ] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] b
k]6fOg s) lqm) bk]6g \ nfOg nv]6fOg . bk]6fpg ;) lqm) bk]6fdf kfg{ bk]6g \ nfpg
 . bk]l6g s) lqm) s;}af6 5fFl;g xKsfOg 8fFl6g nv]l6g . bkf]6 gf) [bfk cf]6] != ;
hldgsf] s, kf]t, ltf] cflb gltL nsfO{l5kfO{ hUuf dfq ef]urng uL vfg] sfd . @= csf{s
f] wgdfn hfgfhfgL bafP krfpg] jf cfgf] cwLgdf kfg]{ sfd . bKsgblKsg c) lqm) [ba\ sl
!= sg} sf0f jf kll:yltn] dfG5] jf cGo k|f0fL xRsg cl3 ;] sfd ug{ 8fpg bRsg kl5
@= nSg vf]Hg ns]em}F ug{ . #=
596

nSg bAg . > bKsfO gf) bKsg] jf bKsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . bKsfOg s) lqm) != xKsLbKs
Ldf kflg bKsL nfOg . @= nsfOg . bKsfpg ;)lqm) != 8, wfs cflbn] s;}nfO{ xRsfpg x
Ksfpg 5fF:g . @= nsfpg l5kfpg bafpg . #= 9fs5f]k ug{ 9fSg . \ ] jf nv]6g \ ]
sfd bk]6f . @= bKsL gf) [bKs O{] != bk]6g xKsLbKsL ulg] rfn 8fF6, 5F;fO xKsL . >bKSof
gf) blKsg] jf bKsL vfg] lqmofk|lqmof . bkmf gf) [c) bkmc] != sg} n]vrgf, kq cflbsf P
s Ps k|jfx jf plQmsf] c+z cgR5]b sl08sf Koffu|fkm . @= P]gljwfg cflbsf] klR5]b jf dx
eGbf ;fgf] pkwff jf pkbkmfeGbf 7"nf] ab F f P]gljwfg cflbsf] Ps c+z wff . lqm) lj)
#= k6s v]k rf]l6 aflh kN6 . t gf) [kmf)] sg} ;sfL jf u};sfL sfof{no b ;\3;+
Jojxf ug]{ cf clkm; sfof{no . vfgf gf) bt;DaGwL sfo{;~rfng ug]{ cf sfuhkqsf] n]v
em cflb ug]{ sf]7f . > tL gf) != lstfa, sfkL, axL cflbdf uftf jf lhNbf b xfNg] JolQ
m lhNbsf lhNb;fh asafOG8 . @=btsf sfuhkqdf ?n tfGg] jf o:t} cGo sfd ug]{ lgDg txsf]
{rfL jf sflGbf . ba\g c) lqm) [;+) bdg g] != sg} sf0fn] Pssf ck]Iff csf]{ nqg lgx
Sg . @= sg} j:t nSg jf l5Kg . #= lylrg lslrg . $= dfgdof{bf cflbdf tn kg{ 3
6L xg . %= rn{Kk xg 8Ag . baba! lqm) lj) [c) d") ba\ c -l)_] w]} lunf], n]:ofO
nf] jf lxnf] eP xlNng] uL bnbn ynyn . baba@ gf) [g]jf)] 8d?h:t} xNnfP ahfOg] t 8d?eG
clns ;fgf] Ps afhf l8al8a] . babaf gf) [c) baba] != wg, clwsf cflbsf ann] a9]sf] rs
rsL al9a9fp . @= f]ajfkm ;fg . #= wfswDsL x}sd . babafO gf) [ baba - cfO_] baba xg]
abafpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [>] babafpFbf] lj) sg} tn j:tdf emf]n rf]S6f g5lg] ePsf] n]b
f] k]sf] baba k]sf] . babafp gf) babafpg] sfd babaf . babafpg c) lqm) lxnf], lunf] c
lb j:t nbab] cj:yfsf] xg baba lxnf] xg ynyn aGg . bablag c) lqm) baba lxnf]
xf]Og ynylng . baba] lj) != baba ug]{ a]nfsf] babafpFbf] ynyn] -n]bf] jf lxnf]_ .
bafO gf) [ba\ cfO] != bAg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [bafp cfO] @= bafpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[bfa\ cfO] #= bfAg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . $= cf]vtL cf}ifwL .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
597

bafOgbdfxf bd8L gf) [;+) b|lj0f] Ps k};fsf] rf}yfO d"Nosf] k|frLg l;Ssf Ps k};fsf]
rtyf{z + , rgbfd . bdbd] gf) != 3f]8f gf] tflgg] PSsfh:t} ofg . @= dfG5]n] g} tf
g] rnfOg] lS;f . bdg gf) [;+)] != lyrf]ldrf] babafp . @= lyRg], k]Ng] jf lgrf]g]{ sf
d k]nfO . #= an, zlQm, k|efj cflbn] bafpg] sfd . $= OlGb|onfO{ jz ug]{ sfd OlGb|olg
u|x . %= bdgf k"mn . sfL lj) != an, ;fwg, zf;g, zlQm cflbn] bdg ug]{ k]nfxf ldrfxf .
@= jzLs0f ug]{ . bdguf gf) [kmf)] uhfn] lxsf{P ahfOg] 7"nf] bdfxf afhf 7"nf] guf . b
g rqm gf) [;+)] cnfO{ bafpgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] ljleGg if8\oGqk"0f{ rfn zlQm ;fwgff
tL bafpg] k|lqmof . bdgzLn lj) [;+)] != bafpg] :jefj ePsf] bdg ug]{ vfnsf] . @= ba
fpg ;lsg] nlrnf] nrsbf . bdgf gf) [;+) bdg] uf]bfjL k"mnsf h:t} dl;gf kft xg], kx]Fn
f dl;gf k"mn kmNg], Ps hftsf] k"mnsf] af]6 To;s} k"mn bdg -k"mn_ . bdgLo lj) [;+)]
!= bdg ug{ plrt jzdf kfg{ nfos bdg ug{kg]{ . @= bdg ug{ ;lsg] bAg] vfnsf] . bdkr g
f) [bafp kr\ c] != s;}af6 lnPsf] wgdfn, ;;fdfg lkmtf{ guL krfpg] sfd lnPsf] dfntfn, k};
f jf lhG;L bafpg] sfd . @= efUg] sfd rDk6 ;OFsRrf . bdoGtL gf) [;+)] dxfeftdf jl0f{t
, ljbe{ b]zsf fhf eLdsL 5f]L fhf gnsL fgL . bdfO{ + gf) [bdfxf] k|foM nuf l;pg] l
j|taGw cflbdf afhf ahfpg] k];f ePsf] Ps hflt gurL{ bhL{ . ~ u]8f] gf) af]6df sfF8}s
fF8f xg] lxpFb dlxgfdf ftfftf bfgf kmNg] Ps v To;} af]6df kmNg] u]8f . ~ rf] gf) h
lkmSsf kx]Fnf] t 9f8df sfnf] ldl;Psf], kR5 7f8f] kf] km?skm?s gfRg] kftklt\u l;P
F agfpg], eFu ] f]hqf] Ps hftsf] rf] . bdf gf) != vf]nfsf lsgfsf] jf cf}nf] nfUg] h\
nsf aLrsf] vf]Fr cf}lnof 7fpF . @= emf}emf ePsf] emf8L jf 7fpF . bdfxf! gf) [kmf) bd
fdf] kLFwlt ;fgf] dvlt 7"nf] xb F} cfPsf], lepF6h:t} cfsfsf], tfdfsf] efF8f]nfO{
5fnfn] df]xf]lPsf], uhfn] xfg] ahfOg] Ps afhf ;fgf] vfnsf] guf . bdfxf@ gf) [;+) bdg]
bdgf k"mnsf h:t} k"mn kmNg], kxf8L e]udf xg] Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf] k"mn
bdf}f] . ~ u]8L gf) af]6wo]Ffsf] h:tf] kft cldnf] u]8f xg], :ofpnfsf] sfd lnOg] Ps
af]6 .

bafOg s) lqm) [bafp O g] != lyrfOg ldrfOg . @= bfAg nufOg . #= l5kfOg] sfd ulg n
fOg . bafp gf)x]) bafa . > bafpg ;)lqm) nsfpg l5kfpg . bafpg ;) lqm) [bfa\ cfp g
!= zlQm, ;fwg, wDsL cflbn] bdg ug{ jzdf fVg ug{ glbg . @= lyrf]ldrf] ug{ ann] l
sRg lyRg . k|) ] lqm) #= ldRg nfpg lyRg nfpg . bafa gf) [ ba\ - cfp_] != an, k|efj
, zlQm cflbn] csf{nfO{ jzdf fVg] sfd pGglt enf] xg glbg] sfd bafp . @= lyRg] sfd ly
rfO . #= RofKg] jf lgrg]{ sfd r]k . baf;laGb gf) [;+) fbzlaGb] afx|vLsf afx|f}F df
qfdf kg]{ bOj { 6f laGb xg] lrXg g]kfnL afx|vLdf afx|fF} dfqfsf] gfd lj;u{ -sM,
vM, uM cflb_ . blag s) lqm) [ba\ O g] l5lkg nlsg . bd gf) [kmf)] != sdhf]L, f]u,
cflbn] l56f]l56f] rNg] ;f; wSg] f]u wDsLsf] f]u . @= k|f0fjfo Zjf;k|Zjf; . #= 38L, v
]nf}gf, kmf]gf]u|fkm cflb oGqnfO{ ;~rfng ug{ sdfgL s:g] jf ult lbg] sfd . $= tfs
t au{t atf zlQm ult Ifdtf . %= 3f]8f, xfQL cflb jfxgof]Uo j:tsf] lxF8\g] rfn lxF8fO
. bds! gf) [ ;+) bfldgL] k|sfzoQm j:tsf] rdrdfx6 rds rxs . bds@ gf) [;+) b+zL] !=
lxF8b \ f cfpg] kbrfksf] Wjlg k}tfnfsf] rfn bDsf] . @= emfkf lhNnfsf] Pp6f k|l;4 7
fpF . bdsGg] gf) sfnf] sf dl;gf 8fF7 xg,] plgpFsf h:t} kft kftsf kl5lNt ;]tf] w"nf]
xg,] gfssfgsf 5]8s ] f Kjfndf galhof];\ egL 8fF7 efFr] nufOg], Ps hftsf] eO{F
emf bdsfg] . bd sdfgL gf) [kmf) bd sdfg O{] 38L, u|fdf]kmf]g cflb oGqnfO{ ;~rflnt ug{ c
fjZos kg]{ zlQm;~ro ug]{, ;fFrf]h:tf] sdfgL jf pks0f . bdsn gf) [bd sn] cfunfuL xFb
f cfuf] lgefpg k|of]u ulg], kfgL eL ePsf] 6f\sL nfdf] kfOk hl8Psf] df]6 cfuf] lgefp
oGq jf?0foGq . bdsfg] gf)x]) bdsGg] . bdlsnf] gf) [bd sLnf]] 38L cflbdf bd lbg] ;fgf]
sLnf] bdsdfgL . bdlv gf) [g]jf)] dfbnh:tf] bj}lt vL ePsf], uxFsf] kL7f] dn] 6fF;L
ahfOg], Ps k|sfsf] afhf . bdrnLbdrnf]bdrNxLbdrNxf] gf) [bd rnLrnf] rNxLrNxf
nf, uf]n, sf7sf] w"nf] jf wfgsf] e; cflb afn] vfg]sf ksfOg], ;fgf] vfnsf] rnf] .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bldgLbd]gfbufx bldgLbd]gf gf) [bdfO gLPgf] != bdfO{F hftsL :qL bdfO{{+ gfL . @= bdf
kTgL bd]gf . bdf}f] gf) [bdfxf cf}f]] kxf8lt kfOg] kfs]kl5 sfnf] sf] xg], ulnof] :
], bdfxf j[Ifsf] kmn . bDsg c) lqm) [bKs g] != caf6 gb]lvg] uL nse ] m}F ug{ l5Kg
f]Hg bAg nSg . @= clncln uL kl5 x6\g xRsg bRsg . > bDsfO gf) bDsg] tyf bDsfpg]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . bDsfOg s) lqm) bDsg] kflg . bDsfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != b
Ksfpg xRsfpg . @= nsfpg, l5kfpg bafpg . bDsGg] gf) [bd sfg]] plgpFsf h:t} kft x
g], dl;g sfnf] 8fF7 ePsf], kftsf k5fl8 ;]tf] w"nf] xg] Ps hftsf] emf Ps k|sfsf] p
lgpF . blDsg c) lqm)[ bDs O g] != blKsg . @= bDsg . blDsnf] lj) [bDs Onf]] bDsg] vfn
sf] bDsg] :jefj ePsf] nSg] l5Kg] . bDsf] gf) [bd sf]] != lxF8\bf kbrfkaf6 cfpg] cfjfh
k}tfnfsf] zAb . @= lxF8fOdf ss{Rrf] alh|Fbf leq r:sg] Ps f]u . #= xk em:sf] . >bDSo
fO gf) bDsf] cfpg] efj, cj:yf jf k|lqmof bDsfO . bDktL gf) [;+)] ljlwljwfgcg;f cf}k
rfls kdf kl0ft ePsf nf]Ug]:jfgLsf] hf]8L hf]O{kf]O kltkTgL . bDe gf) [;+)] != af]qm]
fnsf] cledfg e"m6f] 3dG8 cf8Da b]vfj6L :jf . @= hfne]mn 5n sk6 . #= OGb|sf] jh| . >b
lj) bDeL . bDeg gf) cledfg ug]{ sfd ;]vLufO 3dG8 . bDeL lj) bDe ug]{ e"m6f] cledfg ug
{ Joy{sf] :jfkff 3dG8L . bDef]ln gf) != OGb|sf] c:q jh| . @= xLf . bDo lj) [;+)] bd
;lsg] bdg ugk { g]{ bdg ug{ of]Uo bdg ug{ nfos bdgLo . bD;L gf)x]) bD;L . bD:ofOnf
] lj) clncln lefnf] k]sf] ;dtn geO{ cf]fnf] k]sf] t]k]{ sfnf] . bogLo lj) [;+)] !
k { g]{ cj:yfsf] bof ug{ nfossf] . @= bLgxLg bMvL . bofnf] gf) w';'{nsf h:t} cfsfsf
bfFtLbfFtL k]sf k'm;|f v;|f kft x'g], u'x]Fnfsf hq} bfgf kmNg], kfSbf ;]tf] x'g],
Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf] kmn . bof gf) [;+)] != csf{df cfOk]sf b'Mv, kL8f cflb
nfO{ cg'ej u] ;+jb ] zLn x'g] tyf p;k|lt p4f ;xof]u ug]{ dgf]efj jf j[lQ . @= cfkmG
t jf cfk"meGbf lgwf{ JolQmk|lt ulg] pQm k|sfsf] sdnf] Jojxf d]xafgL . #= bIfk|hfkltsL
sGof wd{sL kTgLsf] gfd . ~ bfg gf) != bofb|{ eP lbOg] bfg leIff eLv . @= bof s[kf .
~ b[li6 gf) bofn] k"0f{ ePsf] x]fO s[kfk"0f{
598

Jojxf . ~ wd{ gf) != bof ;xfg'el" t elPsf] wd{ wd{sd{ wfld{s s[To . @= bof wd{ .
glglw gf) != ;fx|} bofn' JolQm bofsf] vfgL bofsf] e08f bof;fu . @= O{Zj kdfTdf .
!= bof ulg] JolQm bof ug{ nfos kfq . lj) @= bof ug'k { g]{ bogLo . do lj) != bofsf e
fjn] cf]tk|ft ] ePsf] bofn] elPsf] bofn' . @= eujfg\ O{Zj . ~ dfof gf) != sg} bLgb'M
f]uL cflb JolQmsf pk ulg] ;xfg'el" t ;xof]u ;3fpk3fp . gf) @= bof dfof . >bofb| {
) bofsf efjgfn] x[bo klUnPsf] bofk"0f{ bofjfg\ bofn' . bofn' lj) dgdf bof ePsf] bofzL
n bofjfg\ . jtL lj) bof ug]{ -:qL_ . jGt lj) bofn' . jfg\ lj) bof ePsf] bofn' .
) != d]3sf ljleGg gfddWo] Ps . @= ;fx|} bofzLn JolQm . #= ;flxTodf rlr{t jL;sf rf e
]bdWo] Ps . zLn lj) bofn] k"0f{ ePsf] bofn' bofjfg\ . ~ ;fu gf) bofsf] ;fuem}F ePsf
'?if bofjfg\ JolQm bofn' dflg; . blot gf) [;+)] != lxQlrQ ldn]sf] jf dgn] vfPsf] Jo
lQm Koff] dflg; . @= lk|otd Koff . #= ljjflxt :qLsf] klt :jfdL . >blotf gf) != dgk]s
qL k|]ldsf KofL . @= cwf{
l\ ugL kTgL . bo] F ] gf) [bfOFo]] ] bfOFsf] nf7] v]tfnf
bf{ kfn l5Ng] la6f cflb kfg]{ sfd ug]{ HofdL v]tfnf] bx]+/] . b\g ;) lqm) != :ofx
] tfdf b]lvof];\ eGg] x]tn  ] btf{ ug{ ;|: ] tfdf r9fpg . @= of] o:t} oxL xf]
eGg] sfsf] ls6fg ug{ 6fFSg gDa nufpg . #= lgolQm ug{ tf]Sg 7]Sg . b! gf) !=
l3Nnf ft :qLxn] vfg], blx|nf] ljz]if ef]hg -b vfg, b vfg] cflb_ . @= cf8 . b@ gf) [k
f)] != qmoljqmo ulg] j:tsf] lglZrt kldf0f jf Ps k|ltsf] lgwf{lt d"No ]6 efp . #= df]
d"No bfd . > bs; gf) != sg} j:tsf] befp b]6 . @= qmoljqmo xg] j:tsf] df]ntf]n u
f]Sg] sfd d"Nolgwf{0f . bsf gf) [kmf)] != cfjZostf vfFrf] bsf{/ . lj) @= geOgxg] c
h?L . bv lqm) lj) [c) d")] != sf]l/g] jf sf]kl/g] u/L . @= kfl5g] lsl;d;Fu . > b/vl/g
 c) lqm) != b/v/ xg sf]l/g sf]kl/g . @= kfl5g t5fl/g . > b/vofO gf) b/vofpg]
b/vl/g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . b/vofOg s) lqm) sf]kl/g sf]lg . bvofpg ;) lqm) != b/k
kfg{ sf]g{  kmx/fpg . @= bxofpg b/kmofpg kf5\g . #= bfn, rfdn cflb l;nf}6f jf h
Ftfdf xfn]/ v;|f] kf/L bNg kmUn]6 F f 5lg] u/]/ lkFWg . bvf:t gf) [kmf) bVjf:t] ;s
jf u};sfL sfof{nodf sg} sfdsf] dfu ubf{ n]v ] lbOg] kq lgj]bgkq k|fy{gfkq bvf{:t .
lj) bvf:t k]; ug]{ -JolQm_ . bufx gf) [kmf)] != d[Topk|fGt xflh xgk  g]{ elgPsf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
599

bbbljn baf;Fu ldNbf]hN  bf] . ~ bafL lj) baf;Fu ;DalGwt baflof . befp gf)
f] ls6fgL df]ntf]n b]6 efp b . bdfxf gf) [kmf) bdfx] !(%@ ;fndf xnfssf af]df ;gb
xgfjfL tna tf]lsPsf dfG5]n] kfpg] dfl;s j]tg . bf gf) bdfx kfpg] dflg; hflubf . b
f) b c\) ]6] befp . b;flas gf) [b ;flas] kDkfb]lv g} rNb} cfPsf] Lltlylt ;flaseG
sf . b;sf] lj) [;+) b zis] ev{ev{ ;Sg nfu]sf] clncln dfq ;s]sf] clv|Psf] . b
lhNnfsf] ;fgf] PsfO jf v08 ufpFxsf] ;d"x . bfO gf) [ b\ - cfO_] bg]{ efj, lqmof jf k
mof . [>] bfOg s) lqm) bg{ nfOg btf{ ufOg . bfpg k|) ] lqm) bg{ nfpg btf{ ufpg
h gf) [kmf)] tLg kf6f aGb ePsf], Ps kf6fdf vf]Ng] aGb ug]{ vfkf ePsf], leqkl dfn;f
dfg fVg], tn}tnf k]sf], v08]bf jf tvtfjfn ;fwg cfndfL . bfg gf) [b cfg] nut lstfadf
jf bg]{ sfd . ~ ltfg gf) nut ;|: ] tf cflbdf r9fpg] ltf] ltg]{ sfd jf Joj:yf -hUufh
ldgsf]_ . bf gf) [;+) b] != leQf], hldg, sf7 cflb rs]{sf] jf lrlP Kjfn k]sf] 7fpF w
. @= wftn efl;P ag]sf] l5b| . bfn gf) Ps hftsf] sk8fsf] gfd . blb| gf) [;+)] lgw{g
n ula . tf gf) blb| xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf lgw{gtf ulaL . ~ gffo0f gf) != blb| jf
g] jf dflgg] gffo0f leIfsksf O{Zj . lj) @= blb| lgw{g xltGgd . > blb|L lj) blb|
. blb|fO gf) blb| sxnfpg] cj:yf jf efj, blb|tf ulaL . blg'! s=lqm) [b\Og'] bg
ulg' . blg'@ c) lqm) [bf]Og'] bf] x'g' blx|g' . blof gf) [kmf)] != gbL vf]nf . @
#= ;d'bs | f lsgflt x'g,] hf]uL;GGof;Lxn] leIffkfq agfpg], ;fx|f] 7"nf] gljn bljn .
a'9L gf) gbLgfnfsf lsgfdf af9Ln] ofFs]sf] sf7kft, d'9f cflb . blnf] lj) [bf]Onf]] !
] ePsf] blx|nf] . @= l6sfp vkfp . bljn gf) [blofgljn] ;d'b|t6df x'g], h6fleq kmnaf
vKk ;fx|f] 7"nf] x'g], af cflb agfOg]

O{Zjsf] Gofofno . @= O{Zjsf] 9f]sf jf baf . bb lqm) lj) [c) d") b\c -l)_] != Psgf
cfjfh lgsfn] kfgL a;{g] uL . gf) @= To;L kfgL a;{Fbfsf] cfjfh jf Wjlg . >bbfO gf) b
{ bs{g] jf bbfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . bbfpbf] lj) bb ePsf] bs]{ a;]{sf] . bbfpg' c)
a;{g' . bbfd gf) [kmf)b;+) b|d] != qmoljqmo ulg] j:t'sf] ls6fgL d"No befp df]ntf]n
vr{ ePsf sdsndsf] kmfF6 Jooljj0f . { L cyf{t\ eftOfg]nL eflifs bb]nL lj) [bb PnL]
fsf] s]Gb|Lo pkzfvf . blk7 gf) [kmf) b ;+) kL7] != cfcbfntdf bg{ nluPsf lkmfb, phL j
|df0fsf lglDt k]; ulg] sfutkq sfggdf gnfUg], Lt gku]sf] jf ;f] cfcbfntsf] clwsfIf]
qdf gkg]{ egL ;DalGwt clwsfLn] pQm a]xf]fdWo] sg} jf ;a} vf]n] sfutsf] kL7df n]lvlbg
] dGtJo jf tf]s . @= 3;fdf ePsf n]gb]gsf sfutdf ;fFjfdWo] s]xL dfq aemfpFbf jf Jo
fh aemfpFbf klxn] ePsf] lnvt jf td;ssf] kL7df pQm a]xf]f vf]nL n]v ] c;fdLsf] ;x
L5fk ug]u { fpg] sfd . bkm lqm) lj) [c) d")] != n8\gfn] jf cGo sg} sf0fn] zLsf] c\
f]klg] jf sf]lg] uL b/v/ . @= kfl5g] jf vOlng] rfn;Fu . > bkmlg c) lqm) != bkm x
lg sf]lg sf]klg . @= kfl5g vOlng . bkmofO gf) bkmlg] jf bkmofpg] lqmofk|
)lqm) b/km/ kfl/g sf]kl/g sf]lg sf]tlg . bkmofpg ;) lqm) bvofpg t5fg{ kf
) [kmf)] ;sfL jf u};sfL sfof{nosf] ;~rfngsf nflu lglZrt tna vfg] uL tf]lsPsf] kb cfj
kg]{ sd{rfLsf ;\Vofsf] lgwf{0f . ~ l;h{gf gf) sfof{nodf sfd a9L kgf{n] sd{rfL yk ug
{k]df ljlwjt\ kb l;h{gf ug]{ sfd gofF kbsf] ykfO . bafhf gf) [kmf) bjfh] 3, dlGb cfl
] dVo b}nf] f, 9f]sf . bafg gf) [kmf)] 3, sDkfpG8, uf]bfd cflbsf] ;Iffsf lglDt 9f]
f t}gfy eP a:g] ?Fufnf] fkfn 9f]s] . > bafgL gf) bafgn] ug]{ sfd jf tT;DaGwL k];f .
[kmf)] != fhfdxffhfxsf] dxn fhk|f;fb /fhejg fhbaf . @= eJo dxn ejg . #= fhf
"nf] ;ef fh;ef . > baflof lj) != bafsf sfd Jojxfsf] ;~rfng ug]{ bafleqsf] sfd
u ;DalGwt bafsf] bafL . #= rfn9fn, k\u cflb bafs} h:tf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bLbz{g of]uLxn] leIffkfqsf kdf k|of]u ug]{ gljn blof . bL gf) [;+) :t] df]6f]df]6
a}af kfL ag]sf] la5fpgf ;tGhf . b];! gf) b/f/ . b/];@ gf) [kmf) b/]h] Ps hftsf
] uf}gh:tf] sk8f . ;f/L gf) ;f]xL sk8faf6 tof/ kfl/Psf] ;f/L . bf] lj) bx|f] . bs{g
c) lqm) [c) d") bs\ g] d;nwf] kfgL kg{ b{ kfgL kg{ cfsfzaf6 kfgLsf] 7"nf] wff emg
. > bs{g ] lj) kfgL kbf{ b{ ug]{ vfnsf] bs]{ . bsf{O gf) bs{g] rfn, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. bsf{Og s) lqm) bs{g nfOg bls{g] kflg . bsf{pg k|) ] lqm) d;nwf] kfgL a;f{pg
s{g nfpg b{ kfg{ . bsf{/ gf)x]) b/sf/ . bls{g  c) lqm) [bs{ O g] bs{g] sfd xOg d
wf] kfgL kg{ bs{g . bs] { lj) [bsf]{ P] 7"nf] kfgL k]sf] a];L a;]{sf] jf bs]{sf] d
. ~kfgL gf) d;nwf] jiff{ . bsf] { gf) [bs{ cf]] != d;nwf] jiff{ a];L k]sf] kfgL
kfgL . @= hnjiff{sf] 7"nf] j]u . bSof{O gf) [ bls{ - ofO_] bls{g] lqmof jf lsl;d .
[>] bSof{x6 gf) bls{g] cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lqmof . bvf{:t gf)x]) b/vf:t . bh{g gf) [c\
) 8hg] sg} afx|j6f j:tsf] ;d"x . bh{g gf) [;+) th{g] af3 lxF8\g] af6f] k}NofP dfg{
sf nflu bfofFafofFlt ;f]ofP flvg], e?jf aGbs cflb xltof af3 dfg{sf lglDt yflkg] vf]
bhf{ gf) [c) bh{] != PseGbf csf]{ lgDg jf pRr u0fsf cfwfsf] sf]l6 :t >]0fL sIff . @=
;sfL jf u};sfL sd{rfLxsf] kb cf]xbf tx . #= ;]jf, sfo{ cflbsf lglDt lbOg] dfg kbj
f lj) pRr bhf{df ku]sf] dfg kfPsf] . bhL{ gf) [kmf)] k];fut kdf nuf l;pg] JolQm kl/
of/ bdfO{F ;hLsf . bHof{gL gf) [bhf{ ofgL] bhf{bhf{sf] juL{s0f uL dof{bf tf]lsPsf] l
fjnL bhf{ hgfpg] ;"rL jf qmd . btf{ gf) [b\ tf] != sg} sfof{nodf cf}krfls kdf cfPsf l
, sfuhft cflb btf{lstfadf bg]{ jf r9fpg] sfd bfO . @= ;\3, ;+:yf, kqklqsf cflb lh:6];
jf k~hLs[t ug]u { fpg] sfd . ~ lstfa gf) cfPsf lr7Lkq cflb ldlt, k7fpg]sf] gfd, 7
]ufgf;d]t vf]n] btf{ ulg] lstfa . ~ khf{ gf) sfof{nodf cfPsf sfutkq, dfn;fdfg cflb
btf{ ePkl5 k|df0f:jk lbOg] khf{ btf{
600

ePsf] hgfpg] khf{ . ~ k:ts gf) btf{lstfa . jfn lj) hUufhldg, 3 cflb cfgf gfpFdf bt
f{ ePsf] cfg} :jfldTj ePsf] sfggL kn] hUufsf] wgL . bb{ gf) [kmf)] != ax kL8f j]bgf
f . @= bMv xG8 si6 . ~ bdf{xf gf) bMv, ;f:tL v]k] sfd u]afkt lbOg] dfl;s wg . gfs
bMvk"0f{ -kL8f_ axnfUbf] -l:ylt_ . bk{ gf) [;+)] != an, al4, ljBf, wg cflbn] df
G5]sf dgdf pTkGg xg] d}dQefj 3dG8 cledfg kmOFkmfOF . @= cx\sfk"0f{ qmf]w l; . #= p
tf pR5[\vntf . bk{0f gf) [;+)] P]gf cf;L . blk{t lj) [;+)] bk{ ePsf] ;]vL ug]{ cx\
bkL{ . bkL{ lj) [;+)] bk{n] elPsf] cx\sfL ;]vLjfn . bkm{lg c) lqm) [bkm O g] b
 kfl5g . >bkm{] lj) bk{m kfg]{ vfnsf] bkm{ofpg] . bkm{ofO gf) bkmofO . bkm{ofO
mofOg . bk{mofpg ;) lqm) bkmofpg . ba{baf{ gf) [;+) b0f] kxf8kj{t e]udf ljjfx
nxL NofpFbf rNtLdf NofOg], 8fF8Lsf] sf7df emG8fOg] sk8fsf] 8f]nL dfG5] a:g] vfnsf
] sk8fsf] emf]n\uf] . bla{nf] lj) [;+) b[9 Onf]] != l6sfp xg] vfnsf] blnf] bx|f,] b
. @= dhat alnof] . be{ gf) [;+)] sz . ~ ;+:t gf) szsf] cf;gL szf;g . bdf{nL gf) n
hf km6eGbf cUnf] hUufdf kmNg] wfgsf] Ps hft . bdf{xf gf) [kmf) bdfx] k|ltdlxgf kfp
g] tna dfl;s j]tg tgvf . bofO gf) [ bl - ofO_] blg] lqmof jf k|lqmof bx|fO . [ >]
m) blg nfOg bx|fOg . bofpg k|) ] lqm) blg nfpg bx|fpg . bf{ gf) [;+) b] !=
;fgf] ljefu bf . @= bj}lt cUnf kxf8 eO{ aLrdf ux|f] vf]N;f]h:tf] k]sf] ;fF3f] af6
] . bj{6 gf) [;+)] != ;Iffsf lglDt ufpFsf] rf}sLdf a:g] k|xL . @= bafg 9f]s] . bz{ g
) [;+)] != cjnf]sg bz{g . @= b[Zo . #= cdfj:of cf}F;L . $= cf}F;Lsf lbg clUgxf]qL
xff ulg] o1sfo{ . bz{s lj) [;+)] != bz{g ug]{ b]Vg] x]g{] . @= lgLIf0f ug]{ lgLIf
#= sg} v]n, tdf;f, r6s cflb x]g]{ tdf;] ldt] . bz{g gf) [;+)] != sg} klg j:tnfO{ x]g
{ sfd ghufO x]fO . @= sg} b]jb]jLsf k|ltdf cflb jf of]uL, dxfTdf,

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
601

bz{lotfbnfpg d08nL . ^= ;]gfsf] Ps ;d"x jf uNd . bn@ gf) [;+)] x7of]usf cg;f of]
u ug]{ zLleqsf] rqm if6\rqmsf] kq . > bnfIf gf) x7of]usf cg;f pQm bnxdf c\lst cIf
f bn d"ntM ;ft rqmdf Ps xhf krf; x G 5g\ ltgdf xg] cIfx xg\ M -!_ d"nfwf j, z, i
-@_ :jflwi7fg a, e, d, o, , n, -#_ dl0fk" 8, 9, 0f, t, y, b, w, g, k, km, -$_ cgfxt
s, v, u, 3, , r, 5, h, em, `, 6, 7, -%_ ljz4 c, cf, O, O{, p, pm, C, C[, n[, n[[,
P, P], cf], cf}, c+, cM, -^_ cf1f x, If, -&_ ;x;|bn ;a} cIfx ._ bnut lj) [;+)] bn jf
u6sf :jfy{;Fu ;DalGwt bnsf cfwfdf e k]sf] bnLo . bnbn gf) [;+) bnf9] != ynyn ug]{
ynyn] 7fpF ulxf] lxnf] jf vfn . @= lxnf] k\s u2L . >bnbn] lj) bnbn k]sf] ynyn] wfl
\ ] bng gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tnfO{ bNg] sfd lkFwfO . @= 3f]6g jf u8\g] sfd u8 3f]6fO
= ljWj+; ;+xf . ~ dng gf) != bnbfn ug]{ sfd . bng]tf gf) [;+)] ;fdflhs jf fhgLlts ;\u
gsf] ;~rfng ug]{ k|dv JolQm bnsf] gfos kf6L{sf g]tf . bnklt gf) [;+)] bn jf u6sf]
dVo JolQm bng]tf . bnaGbL gf) [;+) bn aGwg] cfcfgf dt jf l;4fGtcg;f leGgleGg bn afF
Wg] sfd u6aGbL . bnan gf) != nfjfn:s ;]gf kmf}h . @= hxfgkljf, Oi6ldq, gf]srfs cf
d"x . bnafbn gf) [bn afbn] != afbnn] ;u 9fs]h:t} u] ;a}ltaf6 cfpg] hg;d"x . @= w]} s]
]6L jf w]} 5f]f5f]L . bndvL lj) [;+)] bn jf kf6L{lt emsfp ePsf] -JolQm, l;4fGt, gLl
t cflb_ . bn ljxLg lj) [;+)] sg} fhgLlts bn gePsf] kf6L{ k|0ffnL gePsf] lgb{nLo . t
) bnljxLg xgfsf] efj, cj:yf jf lsl;d . bnxg gf) [;+) bn wfGo] bfnhftsf cGgxsf] ;d"x
-df;, d;L, rgf, x, s]fp cflb_ . bnf gf) [;+) bn] vsL, taf cflb fVg] 5fnf jf sf
ofg . bnfO gf) [ bn\ - cfO_] bNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] bnfOg s) lqm) bNg nfOg . b
nfO{ nfdf gf) [ef]) a)] rLgsf] :jzfl;t k|fGtdf kl0ft xgeGbf klxn]sf] ltAat fHo Jo
j:yfsf wd{u? dVo k|zf;s cjtfL nfdf cf}tfL nfdf . bnfpg k|]) lqm) [bn\ cfp g] bNg
 .

;Hhg cflb cfgf dfGo hgnfO{ elQmk"j{s ulg] 9f]u ;fIffTsf gd:sf . #= k|s[lt, O{Zj, 1f
lj1fg, j:t, hLjg r]tgfaf]sf] ljj]rg ljZn]if0f ulg] ljBf tT;DaGwL ljifodf Jofks kn]
oyfy{ klro lbg] zf:q cfWoflTds tyf ef}lts j:tsf] lrGtg jf ljZn]if0f . ~ 9 \ u f]
gf) x] ) bl;{ g 9 \ u f] . ~ e] 6 gf) != fhfdxffhfx;Fu ulg] e]63f6 . @= dfGo hg
sf] e]63f6 . ~ e]6L gf) bz{g ubf{ flvg] e]6L bz{gL . ~ e|d0f gf) vf; p2]Zon] k|l ] t
eP sg} klg P]ltxfl;s, ;f+:s[lts cflb :ynsf] ko{j]If0ffy{ ulg] e|d0f . ~ zf:q gf) 1fg
lj1fgsf] cyjf cWofTd ef}lts kIfkIffGtsf] JofVof ljj]rgf ulg] zf:q hLjg k|s[ltsf
Gtls tyf afXo tjxsf af]df lrGtg cWoog ulPsf] zf:q . > bz{gfj0fLo lj) != bfz{lgs t
F fxn] 9fs]sf] . @= 5n{\ b]Vg gxg] b]Vgaf6 hf]ufO/fVgkg]{ . bz{gL gf) 7"nfa8fnfO{ b
z{g ubf{ /flvg] e]6L bz{ge]6L bfd . bz{gLo lj) != x]g{ nfos x]g{kg]{ x]bf{ dgnfO{ nf
]Eofpg] . @= fd|f] ;Gb . bz{lotf lj) [;+)] bz{g ufpg] b]vfpg] . bz{>f4 gf) [;+)] cf
Lsf lbg ulg] lkt[sfo{ cdfj:ofsf lbgsf] >f4 . blz{t lj) [;+)] != k|sfzdf Nofpg] x]tn
 ] b]vfOPsf] b;f{OPsf] . @= k|s6 ulPsf] k|bz{gdf NofOPsf] k|blz{t . bzL{ lj) [;+)]
!= sg} ljifo, j:t jf tjnfO{ b]Vg] jf x]g]{ . @= b]vfpg] . b;{gL gf) kfgkft] cfsfsf
7"n7"nf lrNnf kft xg] cf}ifwLdf sfd nfUg] Ps a6L ;bz{gf . b;f{O gf) [ b;f{p - cfO_
] b;f{pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] b;f{Og s)lqm) b]vfOg . b;f{pg ;) lqm) [;+)
bz{ cfp g] b]vfpg emNsfpg k|bz{g ug{ . bl;{g 9\uf] gf) [;+) bz{g 9\uf]] ;fx|f]
f] sf] Ps hftsf] 9\uf] . bl;{g  s) lqm) b]lvg emlNsg . bn\g ;) lqm) [;+) bn\ g
df;, d:of cflb cGg kmUNofF6f kfg]{ lx;fan] l;nf}6f, hfFtf cflbdf lkFWg . @= 3f]6
g \  u8\g . #= n]kg ug{ 3:g lnKg kf]Tg ntkTofpg . $= sfd, Jojxfdf ;s];Dd hf]T
bfpg bnfpg . bn! gf) [;+)] != cGg jf kmnsf bfgfdf aLh:jk, gfy|Lsf kdf x]sf kmUNofF6
f lbn jf Psbn gfy|L xg] j:tsf] ue{kq . @= k"mnsf kft jf kQL . #= kft, kq . $= df
gj jf dfgj]t k|f0fLsf] hdft u7 ;d"x . %= j}rfls b[li6n] ;xdt xg ;Sg] ;d"xdf Pslqt k
f6L{ fhgLlts bn u6
[ n[[

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bnf9bzdf+z bnf9 gf) [;+)] gbLsf 5fnn] ev{ dfq 5f]8]sf] lxnf] bnbn] wfk ef; . bnfg
f) bfnfg] uff]sf] ;f yfdx fv], cfpg] hfg]xnfO{ a:g xg] uL agfPsf] vnf l5F9L l;sj
n gf) [c) bNnfn] sg} j:t lsga]r ubf{ lsGg] a]Rg]sf aLrdf sf ldnfO{ gfkmf vfg] JolQm
. bnfnL gf) [c) bNnfnL] != bnfnsf] sfd jf k];f . @= bnfnsf] sfd u]jfkt kfpg] gfkm
f . lj) #= bnfnn] kfpg] jf lng] . ~ b:t gf) k|ltztsf lx;fadf jf cGo sg} k|sfn] bnfn
n] kfpg] kfl>lds bnfnn] kfpg] Hofnf jf sd . bnfxf lj) [bn\ cfxf] bNg] :jefjsf] ldrfxf
]L ;tfpg] . :qL) bnfxL . blnt lj) [;+)] != kmUNofF6k } mUNofF6f kflPsf] blnPsf] . @=
bdg ulPsf] lylrPsf] slNrPsf] . #= ljWj+; ulPsf] gi6 ulPsf] . ~ ju{ gf) ;dfhdf xs, O
|lti7f ;dfg kn] kfpg g;s]sf] hflt jf ;d"x ;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] c;dfgtfn] ;f]l;Psf] jf
kl5 k]sf] hg;dbfo . blng gf) 3sf] tnf 5fKg lgbfndfly t]:of{P flvg] nfdf] sf7 . ~ uG
g 6) pQ lbg g;Sg gfhjfkm xg . blng s) lqm) [bn\ O g] bNg] sfd ulg bfn kflg
f) [c) bnLn] != cfgf] kIf k|an agfpg cfjZos kg]{ ts{ jf olQm . @= jfbljjfb ts{ljt
s{ 5nkmn ax; . #= ljrf ;f]r . bnL lj) [;+)] != bn jf kq ePsf] bnoQm . @= bnan;lxtsf]
n ePsf] . #= g]jfhfltsf] Ps y . bnLo lj) [;+)] !=bn jf kq xg] bn;DaGwL . @= bnut lj
rf ePsf] To:tf] fhgLlts l;4fGtnfO{ dfGotf lbg] kf6L{k|lt emsfp ePsf] . tf gf) != bn
jf kq xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . @= bn jf kf6L{;DaGwL tj xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf bnLo efj
gf . bn]n gf) [c\) l8n] ;]gfdf egf{ ePsf gofF hjfgxnfO{ lbOg] tflnd l;kfxLxsf] tflnd
fhsf] cEof; jf k||lzIf0f . ~ etL{ gf) ;]gfdf gofF hjfg etL{ ulg] sfd l;kfxLsf] etL{
. > bn]nL gf) != ;}lgs lzIffsf] cEof; l;kfxLsf] tflnd . @= cEof; kmt . bjfO{ gf) [km
f)] cf]vtL cf}ifwL . bz gf)lj) [;+)] x]) b; . > bzs gf) != b;b; jif{sf] ;d"x . @= sg}
klg b;j6f j:tsf] ;d"x . sGw gf) fj0f . sd{ gf) != j}lbs ljlwcg;f a|fXd0fsf uef{
b]lv lnP ljjfxko{Gtsf b; ;+:sf uef{wfg, k+;jg, ;LdGtf]Ggog, hftsd{, lgiqmd0f, gfds0
f, cGgk|fzg, r"8f, pkgog ljjfx;Ddsf b; sd{ . @=
602

vghf]t, dnhn, uf]8d]nh:tf afnL nfu]bl] v yGSofpGh]n ugk { g]{ v]tLkftLsf sfd .
ufq gf) != d[tssf] p4fsf lglDt d]sf lbgb]lv b; lbg;Dd ulg] d[ts;DaGwL sd{ k|]tsd{ . @
= d]sf lbgb]lv b;f}F lbg;Dd l9sf]df lbOPsf lk08ff aGg] lz, cfFvf, sfg, gfs cflb sNkgf
ulPsf zLsf b; c\u . u|Lj gf) b;j6f 6fpsf ePsf], fdfo0fsf] k|ltgfos kfq bzsGw fj
f) ljleGg 1ftc1ft kfkaf6 dlQm kfpg] x]tn] d0ff;Gg cj:yfdf ku]kl5 jf s]xL ;;f}Fb
f] 5Fb}df ulg] ufO{, ltn, ;g, e"ld, l3p, sk8f, rfFbL, gg, ;v kmnfd u/L b;j6f rLh
xsf] bfg . ~ lbSkfn gf) lbzfsf clwi7ftf dflgPsf b] j tf OGb| -k" j { _ , clUg -cfUg
] o _, od -blIf0f_, lgC{lt -g}C{To_, j?0f -klZrd_ d?t\ -jfoJo_ sa] -pQ_, O{z -O{zfg
_, a|Xdf -pmWj{lbzf_ cgGt -cwf]lbzf_ oL b; b]jtf . wf lqm)lj) != bz k|sfn] bz lsl;d
] . @= b; efudf afFl8P b; v08df . bzg gf) [;+)] != bGt bfFt . @= bfFtn] 6f]Sg] sfd .
#= 8:g] sfd 8;fO . $= sjr . bzgfd gf) [;+)] ;GGof;Lxsf b; yL e]b jf y, cf>d, tLy{, j
g, c0o, luL, kj{t, ;fu, ;:jtL, eftL kL . > bzgfdL gf) != b; e]b ePsf ;GGof;Lxsf]
|bfo jf ;fd"lxs gfd . lj) @= bzgfddWo]sf] bzgfd;DaGwL . bzgfjnL gf) [;+)] xf ldn]sf
bfFtsf] k\lQm bfFtsf] nx bGtk\lQm . bze"ld gf) [;+)] != af}4 wd{sf] dxfofg ;Dk|bfosf
cg;f dlbtf jf k|dlbtf, ljdnf, k|efsL, clr{idtL, ;bh{of, cledlQm jf cledvL,
b"\udf, crnf, ;fwdtL wd{dw ] fgfds Wofgsf b; cj:yf . @= r}Tosf] lzf]efueGbf tn ue{
eGbf dfly xg] efu . bzd lj) [;+)] uGtLdf b;f}F :yfgdf k]sf] b;f}F . bzdnj gf) [;+)] !
= sg} PsfOsf] b;f},F ;of}F cflbsf aLrsf] sg} c+z ;"lrt ugf{sf lglDt To;sf] klxn] n
ufOg] sg} ul0ftLo laGb -=^^!) efu, =)^^!)) efu O)_ . @= ;f] lrXg nufP ;"lrt ulg] ;
. #= b; jf b;n] ljeflht xg] x ePsf] leGg . s0f gf) ul0ftdf sg} PsfOeGbf sd dfg ;"lr
t ug]{ c+znfO{ bzdnjsf] k lbg] sfd . bzdxfljBf gf) [;+)] tGqzf:qdf plNnlvt b; b]jL
tGq;fwgf ubf{ cffwgf ulg] b;j6L b]jL -sfnL, tff, iff]8zL, ejg]ZjL, e}jL, l5Ggd:tf, w
"dfjtL, aunfdvL, dft\uL sdnflTdsf _ . bzdf+z gf) [;+)] sg} j:tdf b; ;dfg efudWo]
sg} Ps

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
603

bzldsb;f}b nfUg] aGw'ju{ . lj) @= b; lbg;Dd h'7f] nfUg] -bfh'efO_ b;lbg] . b; gf) [
;+) bz] != gf}eGbf kl5 cfpg] ;
\Vof !)sf] c\s ;osf] b;f}F efu . lj) @=gf}eGbf kl5Nnf]
;\Vofsf] gf} Ps hf]8\bf xg] c\ssf] . uhf gf) bO{ b]zsf aLrsf] l;dfgf 5fpg] If]
e"ld bj} b]zsf aLr s;}sf] klg clwsfIf]qleq gkg]{ dflgPsf] rf}8fOdf b;uh afa xFb} n
lDaPsf] ;LdfIf]q . -pbf) g]kfn eftsf] l;dfgfnfO{ b;uhfn] 5fPsf] 5_. ~ lbg] lj) != b
lbg;Dd h7f];"ts nfUg] -aGwafGwj_ . @= b; lbgsf] b; lbg;DaGwL . ~ bO { gf) kf;f
v]ndf bO{ kf;fdf kGhfkGhf Pp6f kf;fdf bO{ kbf{ xg] Ps bfp kf;f v]nsf] afx| ;\V
ofsf] Ps bfp . ~ g\uL | gf) != xftsf b;}j6f g\u|fsf] ;d"x . @= cfg} kfvf, xft cf}F
f lvofpg] kl>d cfg} afxan . ~ kf]6 gf) kf;fsf v]ndf bO{ kf;fdf kfFrkfFr Ps kf;fdf
kf]6 dfq kbf{ xg] Ps bfp kf;fsf v]nsf] P3f ;\Vofsf] Ps bfp . ~ kf]n gf) gfkf]sf] k|
0ffnLdf Ps wfgL{sf] cfwf efudWo] ;f9] rf efunfO{ aemfpg] kldf0fjfrs zAb . ~ df;f g
f) bfFt lvOg nfu]sf] cj:yf . b;f lj) [;+) bzu0fg] c\ssf] kxf8f jf bgf]6 cWoog ubf
{ b;f}F bf]anfO{ aemfpg] b; bf]asf] -kfFr b;f\ krf;, b; b;f ;o O)_ . b;L gf) [;+) bl
{t] != k|df0f:jk ckfwLaf6 afdb ePsf] rf]Lsf jf o:t} sg} ckfwsf dfn;fdfg ;ab k|df0f
lu u|fx j:t . @= ;ab k|df0f . #= ;fIfL ujfx . $= lrXg lg;fg . b;} F gf) [;+) bzdL]
!= cflZjg zSn kIfdf k|ltkbfb]lv bzdL To;kl5 sf]hfu|t k"l0f{df;Dd klg dflgg] ljz
]if kj{ jf pT;j . @= cflZjg zSn ;KtdLsf lbgb]lv bzdLsf lbg;Ddsf k"mnkftL, dxfci
6dL, dxfgjdL ljhofbzdL nuftf rf lbgsf] dxfkj{ . #= g]kfnLxsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] fli6o rf
ljhofbzdL . $= r}q zSn ci6dL jf ;f] lbg dgfOg] rf8 . %= c;f]hsflQsdf kg]{ a8fb;}
F jf dxfb;}F . ^= r}t dlxgfdf kg]{ r}t]b;}F . ~ uLt gf) a8fb;}Fsf] kj{df ufOg] Ps
uLt dfnl;L dfn>L . ~ ahf gf) b;}s F f cj;df ;ky tyf ;ne kdf dfn;fdfg pknAw ufpg
f ulPsf] ahf . b;f]la;f] gf) [b; la;] 8G8Llaof]sf] v]ndf Ps 8G8Lsf] gfknfO{ b; aL;sf]
cfwf dfgL v]lng] v]n jf k|lqmof . b;f} lj) [;+) bzd] uGb} hfFbf b; ;
\Vofdf kg]{ b;
c
\ssf] b;d -qmd, :yfg, :t O)_ . b;f}b gf) [;+) bzf+z] != sg} j:t' jf ;
\Vofsf] b; v
f]

efu b;f}F efu jf lx:;f . bzlds lj) [;+)] != bzdnj cyf{t\ bzdf+zl;t ;DaGw ePsf] . @
= b;n] efu nfUg] j:t' jf lqmofl;t ;DaGw ePsf] . ~k|0ffnL gf) != gfk, tf}n, dfg cf
lb l:y ufpg] ul0ftLo k|0ffnL jf k|rng -8]l;dn l;:6d_ . -o;sf] dfg cfgf] lgs6:y 7"nf
] dfgsf] b;f}F efu glhssf] ;fgf] ;
\Vofsf] b; u'gf x'G5 . olb b; k};fnfO{ Ps 9fs b;
9fsnfO{ Ps ?lkofF dfg]df Tof] bzlds k|0ffnL x'G5 . _ @= b;n] u'Gbf efu ubf{ k"} v
nf] p7\g] ;
\VofnfO{ Ps PsfO dfGg] rng . bzdL gf) [;+)] != rfGb|df;sf] k|To]s kIfsf
] b;f}F ltly . @= ljhofbzdL . #= wd{zf:qcg';f dflg;sf] b;f}F jf clGtd cj:yf d0f d[To
' . $= d'lQm df]If . bzd'v gf) [;+)] fj0f . bzy gf) [;+)] cof]Wofsf Ps k|l;4 ;"o{j+zL
fhf fd, nId0f, et zq'gsf lktf . bzks gf) [;+)] != gf6snfO{ b; e]bdf juL{s0f uL
f0f;d]t atfOPsf], ;+:s[t ;flxTodf rlr{t, wg~hos[t sfJozf:q . @= kssf b; e]b -gf6s
, k|s0f, efu, Jofof]u, ;djsf, l8d, O{xfd[u, c
\s, jLly k|x;g_ . bzxf gf) [;+)] != b;
|sfsf kfk gfz x'g] egL u
\uf :gfg ulg] Ho]i7 z'Sn bzdLsf] lbg u
\ufbzxf Ho]i7 zSn bz
@= u\uf gbLsf] k"hfcffwgf ulg] pT;j . bzf gf) [ ;+ ) ] != cj:yf xfnt kll:ylt . @= Ho
tifzf:qcg;f gju|x of]lugLn] ef]u ug]{ ;do gju|x of]lugLsf] ef]ujif{ . #= ljklQsf]
;do vfa lbg clgi6 kmnbfos u|xsf] ;do gfd|f] kmn blb{g . $= k"j{fusf b;j6f bzf -cle
ff, lrGtf, :d0f, u0fsyg, p]u, k|nfk, pGdfb, Joflw, h8tf d0f_ . %= ljk|nDe z[u \ fsf
b; sfdbzf -c;f}i7j, tfk, kf08tf, ban { tf, w}os { f] cefj, cgfnDagtf, tGdotf,
pGdfb, c?lr d"R5f{ . bzf\u gf) [;+)] dx, 7"nf] vfnsf] df]y], l3p, rGbg, uf]snw"k, c
u?, lznflht, ;v, zfnw"k kx]Fnf] ;:o"{F uL b; k|sfsf ;ulGwt b|Jo ldnfP ag]sf] w"k .
bzfgg gf) [;+)] b;dv fj0f . bzfAb gf) [;+)] b; jif{sf] ;d"x bzs . bzfjtf gf) [;+)]
0fsf b; cjtf -dT:o, sd{, jfx, gl;+x, jfdg, kzfd, fd, s[i0f, a4 slNs _ . bzfx g
] !=b; lbgsf] cjlw b; lbg . @= d[tssf p4fsf] p2]Zon] d[Tosf] b;f}F lbgdf ulg] ;+:s
fsfo{ . #= d[t;"tssf] b;f}F lbg . > bzfxfb;fxf gf) != d]sf lbgb]lv b;f}F lbg;Dd h7f
] afgk { g]{ gft]bf JolQm h7f];t " s

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

b:stb:vtbft Ps v08 . @= jif{, 5 dlxgf jf dlxgf cflb sg} lglZrt cjlwsf nflu d"n wgsf]
bzf+z Aofh ;os8f b;sf lx;fan] e]6\g] efu . #= lnDa"jfgsf] cdfnL k|yfdf d'2f ldnf
Pafkt lauf]sf] bzdf+z;Dd nfUg] b:t' ;af;'4f] . ~ Aofh gf) shf{ lbPsf] jf lnPsf] ;o
?lkofFdf Ps jif{df nfUg] bzf+z Aofh ;os8f b;sf lx;fan] nfUg] Aofh . > b;f}b L lj)
sg} lglZrt cjlwdf ;os8f b;sf lx;fan] nfUg] -Aofh, b:t' cflb_ . b:stb:vt gf) [kmf) b:
tvt] ;xL x:tfIf . b:t gf) [kmf)] != k]6sf] u8a8Ln] x'g] kftnf] lb;f kvfnf . @= x:t xf
t . b:tsf gf) [kmf) b:t;+) sf] xft}n] ;;fgf rLhaLr agfpg] sflnu8 lzNkL . > b:tsfL gf
= xftn] tof ulPsf] snfk"0f{ j:t' xfts} sflnu8Laf6 agfOg] snfTds rLh . @= xftn] snfk
"0f{ rLhaLh tof ug]{ sfd . b:tvt gf) [kmf)] cfgf] f]xadf ePsf] xf] cyjf o;af] d]f] ;
t 5 eGg] sf] hgfpg cfg} xftn] n]lvg] gfd xftsf] lg;fg x:tfIf ;xL . b:tfa]h gf) [kmf
fhgLlts kf6L{ jf ;fdflhs ;
\3 ;+:yf cflbsf] cfgf] sfo{;~rfng p2]Zox k|:6 pNn]v uL
Psf] k|ltj]bg, ljwfg cflb . b:t gf) [kmf) b:t"] != w]} cl3b]lv rn] cfPsf] Lltlylt k
ljfh k|yf . @= tlsf lgod, sfObf . #= s lkm; b:tL . >b:tL gf) lgodcg;f nufOPsf
bg] sd . b:o gf) [;+)] != rf]L ug]{ JolQm rf] 8fFs n6]f . @ fIf; c; . #= Ps
hflt . $= bi6 vn . bx gf) [;+) x|b] != kfgL ulxlP ag]sf] gbLsf] efu cfxfn kfgL hd]sf
vf8L . @= s08 kf]vL tnfp . bxg gf) [;+)] != kf]Ng] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof 8fx kf]nfO
= cfuf] . > bxgLo lj) hNg jf hnfpg xg] hnfpg ;lsg] 89fpg of]Uo . bx gf) [kmf) bx] tf
;, ulGhkmf cflbsf] b; kmL ePsf] rSsL bxn . bxlg c) lqm) [ bkmlg ] bvlg bkm
) bxofpg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . > bxofOg s) lqm) 5fnf vlQg] uL sf]lg . bxofpg
m) != v;|f] j:tn] hLpdf jf cGo sg} j:tdf vOlng] uL sf]tg{ bvofpg bfg{ bkmofp
3sL{ nfpg 3Sof{pg . blxn] lj) [blxnf] P] != blxnfsf] blxnf];Fu ;DalGwt . gf) @= b
cIf lrgfpg] k -blxn] b_ . ~ 7]nf] gf) blxnfsf] tnlt rf}sf]; c8fpg t]:of{P flvPsf] df
] sf7 blxnfsf] 7]nf] ;F3f7]nf] .
604

blxnf] gf) [;+) b]xnL] vf]Ng aGb ug{ ldNg] lx;fan] vfkf nufOPsf] 3sf] v08 f 9f]sf
. bxL gf) [;+) blw] b"w hdfP agfPsf] vfB j:t k~ruJo -b"w, bxL, l3p, uxFt uf]a_ dW
o] Ps kbfy{ blw . ~ rfdn] gf) != bxLbFufnf] . lj) @= bxL rfdnh:tf] bxL rfdn ldl;Psf
] . ~ lrp] lj) ;fgf]ltgf] sfsf] kmfObfdf h] klg ug{ tof xg] jf h;sf] kl5 klg nfUg] e
of gePsf] bO{lha|] . ~ 7]sf] gf) ljjfxdf hGtLsf ;fy bnfxftkm{af6 nlug] bxLsf] 7]s
L sfu]7]sL . bufnf]b
fnf] gf) w';n {' sf] hqf] af]6 x'g,] af6'nf kft x'g,] em'Kk}e'mK
f k'mNg] bxLh:t} ;]tf bfgf x'g], l;nf] t a]:jflbnf] kmn bxLrfdn] . ~ aff gf) bxLdf 8
afOPsf] d'u cflbsf] g'lgnf] aff . bx] ] lj) [bx] F f]P] bx]Ff;DaGwL bx]Ffsf] . b
) [bfxLFP]f]] bfOF ubf{ kfn l5Ng] la6f cflb kfg]{ sfd ug]{ v]tfnf] bfOFsf] nf7] v]tf
f] bo]Ff] . bXo lj) [;+)] kf]Ng of]Uo hnfpg ;lsg] afNg ;lsg] . blx|g c) lqm) [bx|f
] != bx|f] xg blg . @= hvlg l5lKkg . #= cfgf] ljrf af]nLdf c6n xg b[9 xg
:yfg, >]0fL, kb cflbdf xg] uL tf]lsg ls6fg ulg . blx|nf] lj) [bx|f] Onf]] bx|f] bl
a{nf] . bx|f] lj) [;+) b[9] != sg} wSsf jf rf]6k6saf6 g9Ng], gnsksfpg] alnof] dhat b
la{nf] . @= cfF6 ePsf] cfFl6nf] . #= cfgf] nIo jf l;4fGtdf ljrlnt gxg] g8Ug] . :qL
) bx|L . ~ vf] af]nLjrgsf] kSsf . bx|fO gf) [ blx| - ofO_] blx|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
] [bx|fp cfO] gf) bx|fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . bx|fOg s)lqm) bx|f] kflg . bx|fpg ;) lqm
f] kfg{ bla{nf] tNofpg cl8u agfpg . bf lj) [;+)] lbg] -zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P k|Toow
dL{ zAbsf kdf k|oQm, h:t}kqbf, wgbf, 1fgbf O)_ . bfh \ g ;) lqm) != sg} j:tnfO{
u0f, :jefj cflbsf cfwfdf csf]{ j:t;Fu tngf ug{ afaLsf b[li6n] x]g{, ag jf hfFR
g . @= pkdf lbg b[i6fGt lbg . > bfh gf) != bfFHg] sfd t'ngf bfFhf] bFhfO . @= afa
dfgtf . bflhg' s) lqm) bfFHg] sfd ulg' Ps} 7fpFdf fv] le8fOg' . bfhf] gf) != bfFh]
sfd t'ngf bFhfO . @= afaL ;dtf ;dfgtf . bft gf) [;+) bGt] != d]?b08 x'g] w]}h;f] k
] d'vleq tn dfly cw{rGb|fsf k
\lQmdf pd|g] 6f]Sg], rkfpg], vfg] cflb sfd lnOg] kmUN
ofF6f cfsfsf aQL;j6f;Dd x'g] ;;fgf xf8h:t} ;]tf cjoj . @= vfg],

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
605

bftLbflvn gfOs] . bfOg' s) lqm) [bfpOg'] bfpg] sfd ulg' uf]? gflg' xnf] hf]ltg' .
[;+) bfo] != sg} sfdsf] ldnfpg ;lhnf] kg]{ cj; df}sf . @= sf}8fsf] v]ndf x'g] ltof,
rf}sf cflb bfp . #= kf;fsf v]ndf x'g] kf]6 afx|, sRr] afx|, rLkGhf ;q cflb bfp .
$= s:tL, kxndfgL cflb v]ndf Psn] csf{nfO{ k5fg]{ o'lQm k]r l5s]{ . bfp@ gf) sf7kft s
f6\g] v'kf{h:tf] xltof afDkmf]s . bfpg ;) lqm) [;+) bfog g] != ufO{sf] ax jf uf]? e}
F Lsf kf8f] jf fFuf] jf 3f]8fsf] a5]8f] cflbnfO{ gf] xnf], aUuL, uf8f cflbnfO{ tfG
b} rfndf lxF8g \ jf sbg \ l;sfpg . @=ax jf uf]?nfO{ xnf] tfGg ;wfpg xnf] hf]tfpg
gfg{ . #= ax, af]sf cflbnfO{ v;L kfg{ ;dg{ 7f]Sg . $= l;sfpg ;wfpg cEof; ufpg
afgL kfg{ . bfpg gf) cg;f{, ;]n, kGhfaL f]6L, lkmgL, em cflb ksfpFbf fd|L kmfpg s
] kfg{sf nflu kmfPsf] kL7f]df ld;fOg] l3p, gf}gL, t, ulnof] cflb j:t . bfpgL gf)
[bfp gL] bfOF . bfpk]r gf) [bfp k]r] != cnfO{ xfpg] jf lufpg] hlQm 5nan . @= 5nsk6
hL hfne]mn . bfpf gf) [bfpf]] afNgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] vsf ;ss ] f xfFuflaFuf afNg o
o sf7 OGwg . @= ;ldwf -o1 ofuflbdf aflng] cfFk, 8d|L, knfF; cflb_ . >bfp] gf) != b
fpf a]r] hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm . lj) @= bfpf v]Kg] bfpf a]Rg] . #= kftnf] cUnf] Vofp6
s6] . bfpf] gf) [;+) bf?s] !=bfpf . lj) @= lsln{Ss k]sf] l;f] l;s6] . bfIffo0fL gf
!= bIfk|hfkltsL 5f]L ;tLb]jL . @=gjbuf{dWo] Ps . bflIf0ffTo lj) [;+)] != blIf0f l
bzfsf] blSvgltsf] blSvgkl kg]{ . @= ljGWofrneGbf blIf0fltsf] . bflIf0o gf) [;+)] != l
kfn xgfsf] efj jf lqmof lgk0ftf sf}zn . @= bfg lbg ;Sg] efj pbftf cf}bfo{ . #= bfl
xg] ePsf] cj:yf cgsntf . $= ;ntf . %= r]i6f jrgn] csf{sf] dgsf] kl5 nfUg] eGg] ePs
f], gf6ssf] Ps k|sfsf] nIf0f . lj) ^= blIf0f;Fu ;DalGwt blIf0fsf] . bfv gf) [;+) b|
fIff] != h8]nfsf] h:t} kft nxf] xg] yfFqmfdf emKkfemKkf k] kmNg] kfStf ftf], jf
x]FNrf] xg] ulnof] :jfbsf] kmn c\u  . @= dgSsf . #= ls;ld; . ~ rf]s gf) cfunfuL
xgeGbf cl3 l;+xbafleqsf ljleGg rf]sxdWo] bfv nufOPsf] rf]s . bflvn lj) [kmf)] != ;
DalGwt 7fpFdf xflh ePsf] cfOkus ] f]

rkfpg] cflb sfdafx]s s]xL j0f{sf] pRrf0fdf ;d]t ;xfotf ug]{ luhfdf pld|Psf ;f]xL
xf8sf cjoj . #= cGg lkFWgsf lglDt 3, hfFtf] cflbsf 9\ufdf dl;g kf] slkPsf] efu jf
tLvf] 6F8f] . $= xltof cflbsf] wf . bftL gf) [bfFtO{] != ]tL, sf}FtL, snk'hf{ cflbs
]pdf sf6] lgsflnPsf bfFth:tf k
\lQm jf nx . @= 3sf] 5fgfsf] an]F;L tlg] 5]p 5fgfsf] 5]
. #= vf]kL v]Nbf k};f jf 9fs aRrg] 7fpFsf Kjfnsf] 5]p . bf lj) bfFtL ePsf] . ~ xf g
) 3sf] kfnL jf w'L 5fpFbf 5fgfsf] 5]pdf xflng] uff]eGbf aflxkl lgl:sPsf] 5fgfsf] k'5f
n
. bft ] lj) [bfFtP] !=nfdf jf 7"nf bfFt ePsf] bfx|f] knfPsf] bfx|] . @= emfx pv]N
uf]8d]n ug]{ sfd ulg] nfdf nfdf bfFt ePsf] cf}hf . lj) #= bfFt;DaGwL bfFtdf ePsf] bf
Fth:tf] bfFtsf] . ~ cf]v gf) ljz]ift lxdfnL efudf xg], kftnf] bfFtn] kmf]g{ ;lsg]
sdnf] af]qmf xg] w]} ubL ePsf] Ps hftsf] cf]v . ~ lsf] gf) bfFtsf k]mbdf l5b| kfL
fFt a]sDdf kfg]{ f]usf] sL6f0f bfFtdf nfUg] sLf] . ~ ux  gf) bfFtdf hDg] don bGtdn
. ~ 3 gf) luhf bgf;f] . ~ kmnL gf) bfFtdf Kjfn kf] jf To;} h8] nufOg] k"mnL bfFts
df Kjfn kfL hl8g] ;g, rfFbL cflbsf ;fgf 6Lsf . ~ ax gf) ;fx|} rsf]{ kL . bfb ] gf) [
bfFt]] != f]kfOF ug'{eGbf klxn] ufdf lxnf] df6f] ;DDofpg uf]?sf k5fl8 xnf]h:t} uL n
ufOg] sf7sf] r]K6f], nfdf] pks0f jf ;fwg . @= wfgsf aLpsf] df6f] kG5fpg] 8NofF7f]
h:tf] sfF6fbf ;fwg . bfjn gf) [;+) bfdn] afa pd]sf JolQm bfF}t hf]8f bfd . >bfjn
tof ulPsf], rf ;dfltg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] kf;f] . bfO gf) [bfp] != vnfdf ldof]sf jl
? 3'dfO{ wfg cflb cgfhsf af]6x sNrfO{ xnkxn cgfh emfg]{ sfd . @= slNrldNrL df8d'8 . #
= a]cbaL;Fu u]sf] sfdsfafO{ . $= 9nLdnL ug]{ sfd dgkbf]{ rfn . ~ uLt gf) bfOF ubf{ ;x
Nofpgsf nflu ufOg] k|l;4 CtsfnLg nf]suLt . bfO! gf) [;+) bfofb] != bfhefOdf cf
k"meGbf h]7f] JolQm bfh . @= h]7f] pd]sf] c8sndf elgg] sg} k?if JolQm . bfO@ gf) [b
fp - cfO_] bfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . bfOhf] gf) [k|f) bOHho < ;+) b]os] ljjfxdf bnx
Lsf afa, cfdfxn] bnxLnfO{ lbP k7fOg] wgdfn -nuf, uxgf, uf]8wjf cflb_ . ~ latf{
gf) fhf hf}6fxn] cfgf 5f]La]6LnfO{ bfOhf]sf kdf lbPsf] latf{ . bfO gfOs] gf) [bfO gf
dVo gfOs] efOgfOs]eGbf dflysf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bflvnfbfg pkl:yt k| f Kt . @= a e mfOPsf] r S tf ulPsf] . vflhvf]h gf) cfvfgf

gfpFdf ;sfL ;|]:tfdf blPsf] hUufhldg cflbsf] xs 56fpg ;f] gfd sf6L xfn kfpg]sf gfp
Fdf btf{ ug]{ sfd gfpF;fL . bflvnf gf) [c) bflvn] != sg} cf cbfnt jf tf]lsPsf] cGo 7f
pFdf ;DalGwt JolQm pkl:yt xg] sfd xflh pkl:ylt . @= ;DalGwt 7fpFdf bflvn xg cfPsf
] gubL, lhG;L, lnlvt sfuhft cflb . ~ lkf]6 gf) sg} j:t bflvn ePsf] hfgsfL lbg] k|df
0f hfgsfLkq . bfu\g! ;) lqm) != nf]eL cfFvfn] x]g{ cfFvf uf8\g rfxgf ug{ . @= lg;
gf nufpg tff] xfGg nIo ug{ . #= tfs] x]g{ 7Dofpg . bfu\g@ ;) lqm) [bfu g] !=
, tf]k cflb k8\sfpg . @= cfuf] nfpg cfuf] ;Nsfpg . bfu! gf) [kmf)] != sg} j:tdf
s]xL nfu] k]sf] lrXg 6f6f] wAaf . @= s;}sf] rlqdf nfu]sf] sn\s bf]if cleof]u nf~5
kf]n]sf] 7fpFdf a;]sf] 3fp cflbsf] vt . $= ;g cflb hfFRg s;Ldf 3f]6] nufOPsf] ]v
f . bfu@ gf) [;+) bUw] != 89fpg] jf kf]Ng] sfd bfx ug]{ sfd hnfpg] sfd . @= d[tsnfO
{ hnfpFbf ljlwk"j{s ;j{k|yd dvdf nufOg] cfuf] . ~ aQL gf) bfx;+:sfsf lglDt 5f]f jf
glhssf gft]bfn] zjsf dvdf ;NsfP fVg] aQL bfu lbg] aQL . bfuf gf) [c) buf] k|ltzf]ws
f efjgfn] dgdf u8]sf] l; OaL buf . > bfufbfu gf) l;sf] Gsfn] Psn] csf{nfO{ vtd kfg{ v
]Hg] sfd k:ksf] l;OaL . ~ wg { 6) k|ltzf]wsf sf/0f s;}nfO{ gf]S;fgsf] clgi6;lxt rg
f}tL lbg lj/f]wLnfO{ eljiodf sg} vt/fk"0f{ cj:yfdf kofpF5 egL c7f]6 ug{ s;}nfO
{ O{vjz Iflt kofpg] ;\sNk ug{ . bflug s) lqm) [bfu\ O g] bfUg] sfd ulg . bfuL lj)
fu O{] != bfu nfu]sf] bfu b]lvg] 6f6f] ePsf] . @= cleof]u nfu]sf] sn\lst bf]ifL . #= P
lsl;dsf] vf]6f] . bfhL gf) [bfO hL] bfHo" . bfh gf) [bfHo"] efOefOdf cfk"meGbf klx
n] hGd]sf] JolQm bfO, bfhL . @= Ps} sf]vaf6 cfk"meGbf klxn] hGd]sf JolQmsf] gftf
hgfpg] zAb . ~ efO gf) != Pp6} cfdfsf 5f]fx ;xf]b bfhefO . @= pd]sf qmdn] h]7f]sfG5f
bfh efO . #= b;lbg] jf t]x|lbg] aGwju{ . bfHo" gf) [bfO Ho"] bfO bfh -k|foM cfbfyL
{df_ . ~ efO gf) bfhefO . bfHo} gf) [bfHo" P]] bfHo"sf] cfb aemfpg] zAb bfHo}Ho" .
606

Ho" gf) bfHo"sf] ;DdfgjfrL zAb bfHo} . bfl8dbfl8Da gf) [;+)] cgfsf] af]6, bfld . bf
lj) [;+)] != csf{nfO{ lbg of]Uo bfgblIf0ff ug{ nfos bfg;DaGwL bfgsf] . ~ sf]if gf) sg
} ;\3;+:yfnfO{ lglb{i6 sfddf cfDbfgL vr{ ug]{ uL k|bfg ulPsf] sf]if jf sd . bftf lj)
;+)] != lbg] lbg] :jefjsf] -;vbftf, k|f0fbftf, cGgbftf O)_ . @= w]} bfg ug]{ bfgzL
n bfgL . #= kmSsf x[bo ePsf] pbf . gf) $= lgs} bfgL JolQm . %= bfg ug],{ as;kq lbg
] jf u7L fVg] JolQm . kg gf) lgs} 7"nf] bftf xgfsf] cj:yf bfgzLntf . ~ ;sf gf) hUu
hldgdf aGws lnPsf] dfG5]n] t];|f] dfG5];Fu d"No lnO{ ;f] aGwsL a]rk ] l5 t];f| ]
rflxFn] d"n hUufwgLnfO{ ;sf] ulg] sfuh . bft[ lj) [;+)] bftf lbg] -/fi6 cflb_ dfG5]
bft[tfbft[Tj gf) [;+)] bftf xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf bfgzLntf . bfqL lj) [;+)] !=
bfg ug]{ :jefjsL -:qL_ . bfb gf) [;+) bb|] 5fnfdf v;|f] rSsf k] k}mnFb} hfg] lrnf
pg] ;?jf vfnsf] Ps rd{f]u . bfbgL gf) kl5 aemfpg] u] klxn]af6} lnPsf] k]:sL . bfbf g
) zf:qLo ufgb]lv leGg Ps lsl;dsf] uLtsf] no . bfbf gf) [;+) bfofb] != sdffsf] cfbjf
rL zAb . @= bfh bfO bfHo} . luL lj) an cledfgsf edf cnfO{ xKsfpg] jf x}sd rnfpg]
bf gf) [;+) bb|] k|foM s]6fs]6LnfO{ s8f hf] cfO{ zLel dl;gf laldf p7\g] Ps k|sfsf]
u . bfb} gf) [kmf) bfbg P]] != ;;fdfg jf k};f alemlnPsf] ekfO{ n]Vbf ;?df n]lvg] zA
b ekfO{ hgfpg] zAb . lqm) lj) @= pk|fGt cfu] ca . bfg! gf) [;+)] != cfgf] xsdf x]sf]
dfn csf{sf] xsdf ullbg] sfd sg} j:taf] clwsfsf] x:tfGt0f . @= lbg] sfd k|bfg . #= w
{s efjgfn] ulau?jfnfO{ cGg, j:q, k};f cflb ljt0f ug]{ sfd . $= sz, ltn, hn;lxt ;\sN
k u] a|fXd0fnfO{ b|Jo, j:q, cGg cflb lbg] sfd . %= To;L lbOPsf] wgdfn, hldg, ufO{ c
flb . ^= fd|f] sfo{sf lglDt lbOg] cfly{s ;xof]u rGbf . &= zAbsf kl5lNt nfu] To; ljif
o jf j:tsf] bfg ePsf] jf ulPsf] eGg] aemfpg] zAb -ljBfbfg, >dbfg, k|f0fbfg O)_
. *= fhgLltsf ;fd, bfd, b08 e]b uL rf lsl;dsf hlQmdWo] Ps zqnfO{ wg lbP cwLgdf fl
Ps pkfo . ~ blIf0ff gf) sg} k0osfo{df jf dbf{kbf{ a|fXd0fnfO{ lbOg] lhG;L jf gub
bfgsf ;fy lbOg] blIf0ff bfg

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
607

bfgbfd bfgL@ k) ;) [kmf)] zAbsf kl5lNt nfuL sg} j:t fVg] kfqsf] cy{ aemfpg] k|Toowd
L{ zAb -sndbfgL, lrofbfgL, lkmsbfgL, ysbfgL O)_ . bfgLo lj) [;+)] != bfg lbg of]
Uo . @= bfgsf kdf lbg ;lsg] . bfg] lj) [;+) bfg P] != bfg ug{ nfos bfg ulg] . @= bfg u
sf] lbOPsf] -wgdfn, sk8f O)_ . #= bfg lng] bfgkfq . $= sfd gnfUg] 2L . bfg]bf lj) [km
)] != bfgfbf . @= vaL ePsf] kf}v ePsf] . ~ a]t gf) Ps k|sfsf] c;n a]t . bfk\g ;) l
[;+) bdg g] != xft, uf]8f, hLp cflb db{g ug{ ldRg bfAg . @= bMv lbg ;tfpg w8\g
 . #= cF7fpg RofKg . $= bafpg lyRg . L cflb xltof fVg agfOPsf] bfk gf) [;+) bf
f, vs sf7 jf 5fnfsf] vf]n Dofg sf]if . bfkf gf) [g]jf)] bj}lt 5fnfn] df]xf]]sf]
Psf], 9f]nsh:tf], bjl} t xftn] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] tfn afhf . bflkg lqm)x]) bflag
. bfKrf gf) [g]jf)] bfK;f tf;f kmf];f . bfa\g ;)lqm) lyRg bafpg bfKg . bfaf gf)
sg} j:tdfly cfgf] xssf] lhls ug]{ sfd bfaL . bflag s) lqm) [bfa\ O g] bfAg] sfd ul
lkg . bflan] gf) [bflanf] P] dl;gf kft xg] bflanf]h:t} b]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF; . bf
lanf] gf) [;+) bjL{ Onf]] rnfpg] 6Kkf] efu xTs]nf]h:t} r]lK6Psf] laF8 8f]nf] xg],
wft jf sf7sf] Ps k|sfsf] kGo"F . bfaL gf) [c) bfjf] != sg} j:tdf cfgf] xssf] lhls
ug]{ sfd bfaf . @= ljkIfLaf6 efOkfpg] lauf] jf wgdfnsf] vf; ljj0f . ~ kq gf) cfgf] xs
bfaL l;4 ug{ k]; ulg] ;abk|df0fsf] lnvt bfaL n]lvPsf] sfuh . jfnf lj) bfaL ug]{ .
bfa]bf lj) [c) bfjf kmf) bf] bfaLsf cfjZos k|df0f k]; ug]{ bfaLjfnf bfaf ug]{ . bfd g
[;+) b|d] != ?lkofFk};f db|f b|Jo . @= d"No df]ntf]n . #= Ps k};fsf] rf efusf] Ps e
fu -e"ld cflbdf_ . ~ sfd gf) != ?lkofFk; } fsf] n]gb]gsf] Jojxf . @= sg} j:tsf] d"
No tf]Sg] sfd df]ntf]n df]ndf]nfO . ~ sfdLsfd] gf) != ?lkofFk};f;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolQ
m . lj) @= ?lkofFk};fsf sfd;Fu ;DalGwt . #= bfdsfd ug]{ df]ntf]n ug]{ . ~ kft] gf)
bfdh:t} ;fgf uf]n kft xg] gLnf] k"mn kmNg] Ps lsl;dsf] nx] 3fF; .

blIf0ff . ~ blSvgf gf) bfgblIf0ff . ~ bftJo lj) != ljlwk"js { ;\sNk u] jf To;} lbOPsf
] bfg, as; cflbaf6 k|fKt ePsf] -wgdfn, hldg cflb_ . gf) @= To;L k|fKt ePsf] wgdfn
hldg cflb . ~ wd{ gf) != bfg lbP xg] wd{ bfgk0o . @= bfg o:t} c k0osd{ . ~ kq gf)
s;}nfO{ sg} rncrn ;DklQ bfg uL bftfn] lbPsf] k|df0f:jk n]v ] lbOg] sfut o:t} a]xf]f
vPsf] lznfkq, tfd|kq, sgskq cflb bfgbftJosf] clen]v . ~ kfq gf) != bfg lbg of]Uo J
olQm . @= rGbf ;\sngsf nflu flvPsf] afs; rGbfkfq rGbfk]6L . ~ k|lti7f gf) bfg ul;s]kl
To;sf] Go"gtfk"lt{ ugf{sf lglDt lbOg] blIf0ff uf]bfg ul;s]kl5 ;f\utfsf nflu lbOg]
blIf0ff . ~ as; gf) cfk"mnfO{ lemfPafkt fhLv;Ln] cfgf] wgdfn jf hUufhldg cnfO{ lbP l
hsf] xs ufOlbg] sfd bfgbftJo . ~ o1 gf) bfg lbP ulg] o1 bfgkL o1 jf wd{ . bfg@ k) ;
f)] sg} gfdsf] kl5lNt nfu] ;f] gfdsf] cfwf cy{ hgfpg] zAb . -k"mnbfg, sndbfg, vfgbfg
O)_ . bfg# gf) xfQLsf] pd] kuk ] l5 sGr6af6 lg:sg] uGwoQm afSnf] kl;gf db . bfgj
gf) [;+)] sZok ClifsL bg gfdsL kTgLaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg fIf; c; b}To . ~ u? gf) bfgjs
u? dflgPsf kf0fk|l;4 efu{j Clif zqmfrfo{ . > bfgjfl gf) != bfgjxsf zq ePsf b]jtf
. @= bfgjxsf] gfz ug]{ b]jtf lji0f . #= xfQLsf sGr6af6 ;fpg] db . > bfgjL gf) != b
fgjsnsL gfL fIf;L . lj) @= bfgj;DaGwL bfgjsf] cf;L -bfgjL dfof, bfgjL k O)_ . bfgj
;+)] != k|z:t bfg ug{ ;Sg] JolQm dxfbfgL . @= ;flxTodf jL ;sf Ps e]bsf] k|wfg gfos
-aln, s0f{, xlZrGb| O)_ . bfgzLn lj) [;+)] cToGt bfgL :jefjsf] v"a} bfg lbg] ;fx|} 7
"nf] bfgL . tf gf) bfgzLn xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . bfgf gf) [kmf) bfg] != hg;s} cg
fh tyf kmnk"mn cflbsf] aLh jf u]8f] laofF . @ cgfh cGg . #= ufO{a:t rfr?\uLnfO{ lb
Og] vfs kzkIfLsf] cfxf . bf lj) bfg}bfgf k]sf] bfg]bf . ~ kfgL gf) != hLjg lgj
kf]if0fsf nflu cfjZos rLhaLr cGghn . @= hLljsfsf] aGbf]a:t vfgkfg . #= a;f]jf;sf]
;+of]u . $= lhGbuL cfo hLjg . bfgL! lj [;+)] != w]} bfg ug]{ bftf . @= kmSsf lbn eP
sf] pbf . #= lbg] .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bfdnbffO bfdn! gf) [;+) odn] hf]8L pd]sf ;dsfnLg ;djo:s bf}Ft bfFjn . bfdn@ gf) [
xA;] != f0ffsfndf k|rlnt, sg} 7"nf] ckfwL jf ljb|f]xLnfO{ zLdf bfdn tLg cIf vf]k]
5f]8\g] jf d8L hGds}b;d]t ug]{ sfd jf To:tf] ;hfo . @= wftsf] ttfPsf] db|fn]
8fDg] sfd . > bfdnL lj) bfdnsf] ;hfo kfPsf] bfdn ePsf] . bfdnL gf) [bfDnf] O{] klqmPs
f k|f0fLnfO{ afFlwfVg] Ps lsl;dsf] kf;f] bfDnf] . bfdf;xL gf) lsk6k|yfcg;f ?) ^%) ?
&%) jflif{s ltf] ltg]{ uL ;Aafn] kfPsf] hUuf cnfO{ aGwsL lbFbf dfnkf]t sfof{nodf h
Ddf ulg] sd lsk6 hldgsf] dfnkf]t . bfdf;fxL gf) [bfd ;fhf] sg} ;fd"lxs sd To;sf] xsbf
a u] afF8L lng] jf lbg] Joj:yf efu;fGtL . bfldgL gf) [;+)] != lahnL ljBt\ . @= :qLx
lzdf nfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] uxgf . bfdL lj) [bfd O{] w]} df]n kg]{ dxFuf] axd"No . bfdf]b
) [;+)] != ozf]bfn] Psrf]l6 sDddf bfDnfn] afFlwlbPsfn] of] gfd x]sf] egL k|l;4 s[i
0fsf] Ps gfd s[i0f . @= lji0f gffo0f . ~ s08 gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] d:tf lhNnfdf kg]
Ps k|l;4 s08 jf kf]vL ;f]xL tLy{:yn . ~ kf8 ] gf) g]kfndf lj) ;+) !*%* df d"n sfhL k|wfgdGqL_ ePsf Oltxf;k|l;4 JolQm . bfDrf] gf) s]fsf] yfdsf] kq}kq ePsf] aflxL af]q
mf] . bfDkTo gf) [;+)] !=klt kTgLsf] cfk;L ;DaGw . @= bDktL;DaGwL s[To . lj) #= k
ltkTgL;DaGwL bDktLsf] bDktL jf klt kTgLdf x'g] -bfDkTo k|d ] , bfDkTo ;DaGw cflb_
. bflDes lj) [;+)] bDe ug]{ cx
\sfn] dflQPsf] 3dG8L 9f]FuL . bfd|f ] lj) [8fd|f] ] !
gk;]sf] jf u'bL gePsf] -wfg cflb cGg l;dL, af]8L cflb sf];] kmn_ . @= gpS;]sf]
-;]n f]6L_ 8fd|f] bfK;f] . bfDnf] gf) [k|f) bfd0f] a:t'efpnfO{ unfdf afFWg] 8f]L . bf
o gf) [;+)] != c+l;ofxdf afFl8g] jf efuaG8f x'g] k}t[s ;DklQ . @= r]nLa]6L, efGhf,
elthf cflbnfO{ lbOg] bfg, as;, bfOhf] cflb ;DklQ . #= cnfO{ lbOg] jf bfg ulg] wg bf
tJo . s lj) != lbg] bftf -;'vbfos, b'Mvbfos O)_ . gf) @= pQflwsfL jf c+z kfpg] ;Gtfg
j+z . s gf) k}t[s ;DklQ ef]Ug] pQflwsfLxdf nufOg] ;DklQcg';fsf] s . aGw' gf) c+
608

bfh'efO . ~ efu gf) pQflwsfLxdf efuaG8f nfUg] ;DklQsf] c+z . bfo gf) [c)] != cfcbfnt
d'2fdfldnf xfNg] sfd sg} k'k{R5] jf sfafO{sf] yfngL . lj) @= rlnx]sf] hfL -d'2fdfldnf
cflb_ . bfof gf) [c)] sg} j:t' jf ljifosf] kllw 3]f j[Q d08n ;]f]km ] f] . bfoL
cfcbfntdf lg0f{o x'g] sfafO{ rlnx]sf] jf d'NtaLdf x]sf] d'2fdfldnf . ~ lstfa gf) cfcb
ntdf k]sf d'2fdfldnfsf ldl;nxsf] ljj0f v'nfO{ n]lvg] lstfa . ~ nut gf) bfoLlstfa . bf
of lj) [;+) blIf0f] != bflxg] bfOg' blIf0f . @= x'Fbf] jf ldNbf] cg'sn . gf) #= lxt
] . ~ afof lqm)lj) != bfofF afofF bfOg' afpF . @= otfplt cunaun . gf) #= lxtclxt e
senf] . bfofb gf) [;+)] sg} JolQmsf] d[To'kl5 p;sf ;DklQsf] klxnf] xsbf pQflwsfL . >
ofbf gf) != ;f]xL ;DklQsf] klxnf] xsbf :qL pQflwsfl0fL . @= 5f]L k'qL sGof . bfoflw
[;+)] pQflwsfL bfofb . bfloTj gf) [;+)] sg} sfdsfdf hjfkmb]xL x'gfsf] cj:yf lhDd]b
oTj . ~ af]w gf) cfk"mdfly cfOk]sf] lhDd]jfLsf] 1fg pQbfloTjsf] af]w . jfnf gf) bfl
fVg] jf bfloTj lng] JolQm . bfoL lj) [;+)] != sg} j:t' k|bfg ug],{ bfos lbg] . @= b
floTj lng] lhDd]bf hjfkmb]x . bf\g ;) lqm) [bfx| g] != bfx|fn] 6f]Sg jf kmxfpg .
sf{sf] wgdfn s]xL lng jf vfg 7Ug] k|jl[ Q lnP ;tfpg . bf! gf) [k|f b9 >;+) b[9] !
= afSnf] af]qmf tyf v;|f nfDrf kft xg] sf7af6 7]sL, cfL cflb agfOg], ftf] sf], Ps h
ftsf] v . @= ;f]xL vsf] sf7 . bf@ k) ;) [kmf)] cGo d"n zAbsf kl5lNt nfu] ePsf], ;lxts
] cflb cy{ aemfpg] k|ToowdL{ zAb -Odfgbf, jhgbf, bfgfbf O)_ . bf# gf) != cfsfk|sf
}n sb . @= cfbt afgL nt . bf$ gf) [;+)] != efl;P jf rls{P ag]sf] wfFhf] lrf] . @=
f kmfg]{ sfd . #= kTgL efof{ . > bfs gf) != s]6fs]6L lzz afns . @= 5f]f] kq . lj)
lrkmf ug]{ kmfg]{ . ~ sd{u|x0f gf) bf cyf{t\ kTgLu|x0f ljjfx . bf0f gf) != lrkmf
. @= lrkmf ug]{ xltof . #= lgd{nL kmn . bff gf) kTgL efof{ . bffO gf) [bf\ cfO] b
lqmof jf k|lqmof .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
609

bflsfbf; bfd] { lj) ;]tf] eO{Fdf ftf l5sf{ jf kf6f ePsf] l5s]{lds]{ -uf]?_ . bfz{lgs
gf) [;+)] != bz{gzf:q k9]sf] jf To;sf] 1ftf tj1 bz{gzf:qsf] dd{1 . lj) @= bz{gzf:q;
Fu ;DalGwt, bz{g;DaGwL . tf gf) bfz{lgs xgfsf] efj, cj:yf jf ljz]iftf . bfn gf) [
;+) bfln] != hfFtf] jf l;nf}6f cflbdf xNsf kffn] blnPsf] df;, x, duL, rgf cflb j:t
sf] kmUNofF6f . @= To;L blnPsf] j:t buf] kf] agfOPsf] eft, f]6L;Fu vfOg] emf]lnnf]
vfB kbfy{ . bfnlrgL gf) [;+) bfn lrgL] afSnf] af]qmf df]6f] 6Kkf] ePsf] kft xg],
af:gfbf ;]tf;]tf uR5f ePsf] k"mn kmNg] Ps af]6 d;nf cf}ifwLdf k|of]u xg] To;}sf
] af]qmf . bfn eft gf) [bfn eft] bfn eft g]kfnLxsf] k|dv ef]hg . bfndf]6bfndf]7 gf)
fn df]7] rgf, duL, x cflbsf] bfn l3pdf e6]/ ggvf];f{gL dd;nf nufP agfOPsf] vfB kbf
{ bfndf]7 . bfns] lgxf] gf) Ps hftsf] lgxf] . bfj gf) [;+)] != jg h\un . @= k|fs[
tjn] jgdf nfu]sf] cfuf] 89]nf] bfjflUg . bfjf! gf) [;+) bfj] vfg gkfP jf f]un] ;s]
6 bflK;g] cj:yf . bfjf@ gf) [c)] sg} j:tdfly cfgf] clwsf 5 egL ulg] lhqmL bfaL lhls
fjflUg gf) [;+)] jgdf nfu]sf] cfuf] 89]nf] bfjfgn . bfjfbf lj) [c) bfjf kmf) bf] sg}
dfly cfgf] xs 5 egL k|df0fk"j{s bfaL ug]{ bfaLjfn bfj]bf xsbf . bfjfgn gf) [;+)] h\
nfu]sf] cfuf] 89]nf] jg89]nf] bfjflUg . bfz gf) [;+)] != gbLdf ofqxnfO{ jfkf ufP
rnfpg] k];f ePsf] hflt dfemL . @= bf; sdff] gf]s . bfzybfzly lj) [;+)] != bzysf]
sf] sndf pTkGg . @= bzysf rf 5f]f fd, nId0f, et zqgdWo] sg} Ps -ljz]iftM fdrGb|
) [;+)] != klxn]klxn] dflnssf lsga]rsf cfwfdf cfhLjg kf>oL eP sfddf hf]ltg] gf]s sdff
. @= ;]js gf]s . tfTj gf) bf; xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf bf;Tj unfdL sdff]kg . ~ bf;L
bf;L sdffsdfL gf]sgf]sgL{ . ~ k|yf gf) kzwg;x dfG5]nfO{ lsga]r u] sfddf nfpg]
GtL k|yf sdff]ky | f.g]kfndf lj) ;+) !(*! ;fnb]lv of] k|yf sfggL kn] vf]h ePsf] xf]
_ . > bf;fgbf; gf) != bf;sf] klg bf;

bflsf gf) [;+)] != kqL 5f]L . @= sGofs]6L sdfL . bflb| gf) [;+)] blb| xgfsf] e
blb|tf . bflg s) lqm) [bf O g] bfg]{ sfd ulg bflx|g . bfld gf) [;+) bfl8d] sfF8
af]6 xg,] dl;gf a}hgL xlof] sf kft xg], ftf k"mn kmNg] To;} k"mnaf6 leq s];f | s]
f | bfFth:tf cfsfsf ;bf u]8f kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf] k|foM cldnf] kmn bfl
d . kft] != bfldsf h:tf kft xg] Ps hftsf] kf]yf | ] . lj) @= bfldsf kfth:tf] xg] sg} j:t_ . bfL gf) [;+)] !=wfFhf] lrf] . @= k}tfnf km6\g] lr}lrf kg]{ Ps f]u x
! gf) [;+)] != afNg 6So | fOPsf lemFhfldhf bfpf ;ldwf . @= b]jbf? w"kL . #= sf7sf] s
fd ug]{ sflnu8 l;sdL{ . $= pbfdgf JolQm . lj) %=bfgzLn bftf bfgL . bf?@ gf) [kmf) bf]
3]n ;fwg tyf sfObfcg;f tof ulPsf] S;L lgDg sf]l6sf] dlbf 7f{ . bf?0f lj) [;+)]
-Joyf, f]u O) . @= bof gePsf] lgi7 . #= eofgs eo\s . $= ;xg ;fx|} wf}wf} kg]{ -si6,
ljklQ O)_ . > bf?0o gf) bf?0f xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . bf? kqL gf) [;+)] sf7sf] kt
nL s7ktnL . bf? oGq gf) [;+)] != sf7}sf7af6 agfOPsf] ldl;g sf7sf] oGq . @= sf7sf]
ktnL s7ktnL bf?kqL . bf?xlb|f gf) [;+)] kftdf sfF9f xg], d~hLsf cfsfdf kx]Fnf ;fg
k"mn kmNg], kx]Fnf] sf7 xg], rqfsf] h:tf] kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 hdfg]dfGb|
f] . bf?x:t gf) [;+)] b"w, l3p cflb rnfpg] sf7sf] 8f8 sf7sf] rDrf jf bflanf] . bf]
lj) [bf P] != bfsf] v jf sf7 ePsf] -7fpF_ bfsf] - 7]sL, cfL cflb _ . @= 7"nf rr] 9
Psf] . ~ uf}8 f] gf) != bfsf] v ePsf] uf}F8f] . @= 7"nf 9'f ePsf] ulN5F8f] . bff]uf
) [kmf) bff]u] != xfQL;f, c:tan cflbsf] ]vb]v jf Joj:yf ug]{ d'Vo JolQm . @= k'ln;
ljefusf] Ps clwsfL . bfr' { n f gf) g] k fn clwfHosf] ;' b " klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qcGt
u{t dxfsfnL c~rnsf] pQL l;dfgfdf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . bflh{ln
gf) eftsf] klZrd a
\ufnsf] p
efudf kg]{, klZrdlt g]kfn;Fu k"jf]{Qlt l;lSsd;Fu hf]l8Psf], g]kfnL efiffsf] k|d'vt
f x]sf] Ps If]q tyf ;'Do k|fs[lts :yn . bfdL{bfd' { lj) ;]tf] dw'f] ftf] ldl;Psf] {_ .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65

bf;LlblSsg cToGt lgDg >]0fLsf] gf]s . @= ljgLt gf]s ljgd| ;]js . bfl;sfbf;L gf) !=
k|yfcg;f lsga]r ulPsL cfOdfO{ bf;ju{sL :qL sdfL . @= gf]sgL{ rfsgL{ . bf;L gf) != s
df af l5KgeGbf klxn] ;f] sk8fnfO{ s;] fVg] Ps ;fwg jf c8]; . @= gf]sgL{ . > bf;]o
gf) != dflnsn] udg u]sL bf;Lsf] ue{af6 hGd]sf] 5f]f] bf;Lkq bf;Lsf] 5f]f] . @= bf;Ls
f] j+zh . bf:o gf) [ ;+)] != cfgf pkf:o b]jtfnfO{ :jfdL cfk"mnfO{ bf; ;Demg], elQm
sf gf} e]bdWo] Ps . @= bf;tf bf;Tj . bfx gf) [;+)] != d b f{ n fO{ lrtfdf fv] hnfp
g] sfd bfx;+ : sf . @=dgdf k] s f] tfk hng lrGtf . #= kf] N g] jf 89fpg] sfd 8fDg] sf
. $= csf{ s f] s g } pGglt jf ;kmntfk|l t :jtM plAhg] O{i of{ 8fxf . s lj) != hnfp
g] kf]Ng] . @= bfuaQL lbg] lrtfdf cfuf] nufpg] . #= 6fpg] hng ufpg] . gf) $= cfuf]
. ~ sd{ gf) zjbfx ug] { sfd ljlwk" j { s bfx;+ : sf ulg] sfd d b f{ hnfpg] sfd . ~
lqmof gf) nf; hnfpg] sfd bfxsd{ . ~ Hj gf) hLp etet kf]Ng] uL cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] hf]
hf] . ~ ;+ : sf gf) nf; hnfpg] sfd bfxsd{ zjbfx . ~ :yn gf) zjbfx ug]{ 7fpF d;fg3f
bflxg lj) [;+) blIf0f] b]a|]sf] pN6f]lt kg]{ bflxg] bfofF blIf0f . bflxg] lj) [bflx
f] P] != bfofFlt kg]{ bflxgf klsf] bfofF . @= cgs"n ck;Jo . gf) #= cIfdf bfofFltaf6
] bL3{ O{sf - L _ . jt{ lj) bfofF xftlt kf] 3d]sf] bflxgklaf6 k|blIf0ff u]sf]
{ -dlGb, k|ltdf, af6f] cflb _ . ~ z\v gf) klg]ltaf6 ]vfx 3d]sf] bflxg]kl g} vnf
z\v . ~ xft gf) != vfg] xft bfofF xft . @= geO{ gxg] dflg; sfdsfhdf ekbf]{ JolQm dV
;xfos . bflxgf] lj) [;+) blIf0f] != bflxg]klsf] bflxg] bfofF . @= cgsn ;bf]{ . gf)
= bL3{ O{sf - L _ . bfxL lj) [;+)] != bfx ug]{ u0f ePsf] hnfpg] . @= si6bfos kL8f l
bg] . > bfx lj) kf]Ng jf hnfpg of]Uo ;Nsfpg xg] . bfx|g ;) lqm) [;+) bf0f g] bfx|f
6f]Sg bfFtn] lryf]g{ x]) bfg{ . bfx|f gf) [;) b|+i6f] != dvleq nfdf5f]6f eP pld|P
sf gldn]sf bfFt . @= dQf xfQL, aFb]n cflbsf dvaflx lg:s]sf] nfdf] bfFt . bfx|L gf
) [;+) bfl9sf] ufnf, lrpF8f] cl3lNt 3fF6L;Dd knfpg] f}F bf9L bfL . jfn lj) nfdfnf
x|L ePsf]
610

To:tf] bfx|L kfn]sf] jf kfNg] -JolQm_ . bfx|] lj) [bfx|f P] != nfdfnfdf, 7"nf bfFt
xg] bfx|f ePsf] . @= bfFt pld|g] ;fdfGo 7fpFeGbf sf]N6f]lt bfFt pld|Psf] bfFt pl5lP
sf] 5\jfFs] . ~ uf}8f] gf) != 8nfUbf] ;fF3'f] af6f] jf uf}8 F f] . @= af3efn'n] 9's ]
ufO{, afv|f bfg]{ Psnf;sf] hf]lvdo'Qm uf}8 F f] . ~ d:6 gf) h'Dnfsf] wfdLemfFqmL .
bfx|f ] gf) [;+) b|i6f] != ;fdfGo 7fpFeGbf cf]N6fsf]N6flt knfPsf] jf gldn]sf] bfF
t . @= xfQL, aFbn ] cflbsf] dvaflx lg:s]sf] nfdf] bfFt . lbg ;) lqm) [;+) bf g] !=
cfk"m;Fu ePsf] jf cfgf xssf] ;fdfg cnfO{ ;Dkg aemfpg . @= kgM xs bfaL gxg] lx;
fan] bfg ug{ as; lbg . #= 6S|ofpg ck{0f ug{ . $= sg} lqmofsf kl5lNt hf]l8g cfpg]
;xfos lqmof -vfOlbg, elglbg, lnOlbg O)_ . > lbOg s) lqm) lbg] sfd ulg . lbpF
;f] lqm)lj) != lbgdf lbp;f] . gf) @= /ftsf] pN6f] ;do lbg lbp;f] . lbpL gf) [lbpf] O
gf] vfnsf] tfKs] ;fgf] lbpf] . lbp] lj) [ lbpf] P] cfL jf 8]SrLsf cfsfsf] la6;d]t eP
fgf] efF8f] lbpf] . lbpn gf) [;+) lbn] != bO{ bn xg] df;, rgf, s]fp cflb bnxg cGgsf
] kmUNofF6f] . @= To:tf] cGg cflbsf] pd|g] efu ljhg laofF . #= gfy|f] gfy|L . >lbpn
] lj) lbpn ePsf] . lbp;]L gf) [lbp;f] PL] lbp;f] ulg] dfOnf] lbp;f]sf] fdp; . ~ hf
]sf] hfqf . lbp;f] gf) [k|f) lbc;f] < ;+) lbj;] != laxfg ;"of]{bob]lv a]n'sf ;"of
{:t;Ddsf] cjlw ftsf] ljkLt ;do lbg lbpF;f] . lqm) lj) @= pQm ;dodf lbgdf . ~ df; lqm
j) != sfdsfhsf ;dodf . @= s;dodf sa]nfdf . lbs\ gf) [;+)] != lbzf . @= jf:t' jf d"lt
{snfdf k|of]u x'g] c
\un ' jf dfqfsf] b; u'gfafasf] gfk ;o tfnafasf] gfk gf8L, cfo'w
k|fb'ef{j afasf] gfk . lbs lj)[ c)] != lvGg lbSs lbSbf x}fg . @= kL k]sf] ljXjn
#= lrGtf ;'tf{ kL . lbSs gf)lj) [ c) lbs] lbs lvGg . lbSst gf) [c)] != lbSs x'gfsf]
j jf cj:yf x}fgL . @= ;fx|f]ufx|f] l:ylt sl7gfO d'l:sn . lbSsfn gf) [;+) lbs\sfn] k"j
{ klZrd, pQ, blIf0f lbzf e"t, eljiot\ jt{dfg cflb bzf b]zsfn . hoL lj) b;} lbzf, e
t tyf eljio jt{dfgsfnnfO{ lht]sf] ;j{q ;fj{sflns kdf rlr{t -JolQm jf j:t'_ . lblSsg
 c) lqm) [lbSs O g] lbSs xg lbSbf xg

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
611

lbSrqmlblt lbuf] lj) [;+) bL3{] != nfdf] jf w]} cjlw;Dd l6Sg ;Sg] l6sfp vkfp . gf) @=
l:ytf lgZrntf . lbUuh gf) [;+)] != kf0fcg;f cf7 lbzfdf x] k[YjLnfO{ yfDg] slNkt x
x -P]fjt, k08Ls, jfdg, sdb, c~hg, kikbGt, ;fj{ef}d ;k|tLs_ . lj) @= ;f} 7"nf] 3
fg dxfg\ k|efjzfnL ljfg\ . lbUbz{s lj) [;+)] != lbzf b]vfpg] lbs\bz{g ug]{ jf ufpg] .
@= cfwfe"t 1fg lbg] dfu{ k|bz{g ug]{ . ~ oGq gf) ;db|sf] ofqf ubf{ jf xjfO{ofqf ub
f{ lbzfsf] ;\s]t ug]{ hxfh, xjfO{hxfhdf flvg] oGq sDkf; . lbUbz{g gf) [;+)] != lbzfs
f] af]w ufpg] jf lbzflt b]vfpg] sfd . @= dfu{ k|bz{g af6f] b]vfpg] sfd . #= pbfx0fsf
lglDt k|:tt ulg] j:t b[i6fGt gdgf . $= ;fdfGo 1fg jf klro ;fwf0f hfgsfL . lbUbf
lbSbf] lbSs lvGg lbSbf . > lbUbfL gf) lbUbf xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . lbUbfx gf) [;+)]
f ;dodf lIflthdf cfuf] nfu]sf] h:tf] b]lvg] ;f] xg cze dflgg] Ps k|fs[lts ljn
If0f 36gf jf b[Zo . lbUb]jtf gf) [;+)] lbs\klt lbSkfn . lbUaGwg gf) [;+)] >f4flb sf
o{df lkt[sfo{ ;? xgeGbf klxn] rf}lt ltn cflb 5ls{g] sfd . ~ ;]g gf) k[YjLgffo0f z
fxsf ;dosf dsjfgksf fhf x]ds0f{sf 5f]f k[YjLgffo0f zfxsf h]7fg tyf h]7L fgL OGb|s
bfh . lbUe|d gf) [;+)] != lbzf 5fpg] ;DaGwdf xg] e|d lbzf kQf nfUg g;Sg] cj:yf j
f l:ylt . @= af6f]enfO lbzfe|d . #= cGof]n . lbUd08n gf) [;+)] != lbzfxsf] ;d"x .
@= ;Dk"0f{ lbzf . lbUj:q lj) [;+)] lbzf g} sk8f ePsf] gf\uf] lbuDa . lbUjf gf) lnR5l
nLg k|zf;gdf tnasf] ;f6f] lbOg] j[lQdWo] Ps . lblUjho gf) [;+)] != fhfdxffhfxn] b]zb
]zfGtdf uO{ cfgf] dfg k|lti7f sfod ug{ csf{sf] dns lhTg] sfd . @= ljfg\xn] b]zljb]
zsf ljfg\xnfO{ zf:qfy{ff xfpg] sfd jf To;L cfgf] ljQf k|lti7f fVg] sfd . > lblUj
zfljlbzfdf ljho k|fKt u]sf] ;a}lt ljho k|fKt ug]{ . lbHo" gf) [lbbL Ho"] lbbLnfO{ cfb/
"j{s ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb lbbLHo"sf] 5f]6f] k . lb7 gf) [k|f) l8l < ;+) b[li6] != x]g{]
x]fO b[li6 Wofg . @= cfFvf gog . lblt gf) [;+)] sZok Clifsf rf}w kTgLxdWo] Ps

;tf{pg . lbSrqm gf) [;+)] != lbzfljlbzfsf] ;dbfo lbzfd08n . @= lIflth . lbSbf lj)
[c) lbs kmf) bf] != dfgl;s kL kgf{n] lvGg ePsf] x}fg lbSs . @= lrGtfn] ;tfPsf] kL k
> lbSbfL gf) lbSbf xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf dgdf k]sf] kL jf tfk ;Gtfk . lbSklt gf) [;+
) lbSkfn . lbSkft gf) [;+)] ;"o{sf] cIff+zLo l:ylt . lbSkfn gf) [;+)] kf0fcg;f b;
lbzfsf Ifs b]jtfx qmdzM k"js { f OGb|, cfUg]osf clUg, blIf0fsf od, g}CT { osf lgC{
lt, klZrdsf j?0f, jfoJosf jfo, pQsf ;f]d, O{zfgsf lzj, cfsfzsf a|Xdf kftfnsf cgG
t lbSklt . lbSz"n gf) [;+)] kmlnt Hof]ltifcg;f zlgjf ;f]djf k"j{, a[x:kltjf blIf0f
qmjf cfOtaf klZrd d\unjf awjf pQ lbzflt ofqf cfDe ug{ lgif]w ulPsf] z"nof]
z"nof]u gIfq z"nof]u . -o;df k"j{ Ho]i7f, blIf0f wlgi7flb kfFr gIfq, klZrd f]lx0fL
pQ pQfkmfNugL gIfq ePsf] a]nfdf ofqf ug{ lgif]w ulPsf] 5 _ . lbS;fwg gf) [;+)] lbz
f kQf nufpg] jf lbzfsf] 1fg ufpg] oGq jf ;fwg sDkf; . lbu\ugf gf) [;+)] lbzf:jksL gfl
osf lbSsGof . lbuGt gf) [;+)] != lbzfsf] 5]p5fp lbzfsf] cGt . @= cfsfz wtL{ e]6 ePh
:tf] b]lvg] 7fpF lIflth . #= rf lbzf . $= b;}j6f lbzf lbzfljlbzf . lbuGt/ gf) [;+)] !
= bO{ lbzfsf aLrsf] 7fpF lbzfGt sf]0f . @= pklbzf ljlbzf . lbuldu gf) [;+) b[s\lbu _] vfg] sfdf sg} kmf]xf] d}nf 5 ls eGg] z\sfaf6 plAhg] l3g vfg cgsgfpg] sfd l;sl;sf]
> lbuldufO gf) lbuldu xg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lbuldufOg s) lqm) lbuldu dflgg
 . lbuldufpg c) lqm) lbuldu dfGg l3gfpg . lbuldufx6 gf) lbuldu xg] efj, cj:yf
jf lqmofk|lqmof lbuldufO . lbuldlug s) lqm) lbuldu xf]Og . lbulduL gf) lbuldu l3g l
;sl;sf] . lbuldUofO gf) lbuldlug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lbuldUofx6 gf) lbuldUofO
. lbuDa lj) [;+)] != zLdf sg} j:q gePsf] gf\uf] lgj{:q . gf) @= lzj dxfb]j . $= h
jnDaLxsf] j:q gnufpg] Ps ;Dk|bfo . %= nufkmf6fsf] ;+;u}{ gug]{ hf]uL gfuf] . ~ ;D
k|bfo gf) h}g wdf{jnDaLxsf bO{ ;Dk|bfodWo] lgj{:q xg] Ps ;Dk|bfo . lbuDaL gf) [;+)]
buf{ b]jL sfnL .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

lbT;flbofn] b}ToxsL cfdf . lbT;f gf) [;+)] != bfg ug]{ jf lbg] OR5f . @= cfk"m d]kl5
cfgf] ;DklQ o;o;nfO{ lbg jf o;o;n] vfg" eg] n]lvlbg] OR5fkq . lbbL gf) [;+) bfofb
L] != Ps} ue{af6 cfk"meGbf klxn] hGd]sL :qL lbHo" . @= cfk"meGbf h]7L ;f}tf . #=
bfhefOsf kTgLxdf efOsL kTgLn] bfhsL kTgLnfO{ elgg] zAb h]7fgL . lj) $= cfk"meGbf
klxn] hGd]sL . lbb[Iff gf) [;+)] x]g]{ OR5f bz{g ug]{ clenfiff . > lbb[If lj) x]g
{ rfxg] bz{gflenfifL bz{gR ] 5 . lblwif gf) [;+)] PskN6 laxf eO;s]sL :qL;Fu laxf
ug]{ k?if ljwjf jf ;wjf k:qL u|x0f ug]{ k?if . lblwif" gf) [;+)] != PskN6 laxf eO
;s]kl5 kgM csf]{ ljjfx ug]{ :qL kf]On uPsL jf klxnf] nf]Ug]nfO{ 5f8] bf];|f]t];|f]
nf]Ug] agfPsL :qL . @= lbbLsf] eGbf klxn] lax] ePsL :qL . ~ klt gf) ljwjf efph";
Fu cglrt ;DaGw fVg] k?if . lbg gf) [;+)] != cfsfzdf ;"o{ b]lvpGh]nsf] ;do ;"o{sf]
pbo ePb]lv c:t gxf]pGh]nsf] cjlw lbpF;f] lbj; . @= cl3Nnf] ;"of]b { ob]lv kl5Nnf]
;"of]b { o ko{Gtsf] ;do cxf]fq rf}aL; 306f jf cf7} k|x . #= ftsf] afx| ah]b]lv ;? e
P kl5Nnf] ftsf] afx| ah];Dd rf}aL; 306fsf] ;do . $= ;do a]nf avt df}sf . %= tf]lsPsf]
;do lglZrt ;do cfjZos ;do . ^= ;ft jfdWo]sf] Ps jf . & lbgbzf clgi6 bzf . ~ s6gL gf)
lbg latfpg] d]nf] lbg sf6\g] ;fgf]ltgf] sfd al;laofFnf] . s gf) lj ;"o{ . ~ uGtL g
g uGtL ug]{ sfd lbgsf] u0fgf k|ltlbgsf] lx;fa lbglbgsf] lx;fa . rof{ gf) lbgel ulg]
} sfd lbgesf] sfo{qmd lgTosd{ -gxfOwjfO, kf7k"hf, vfglkg, sfdwGbf O)_ . rfL gf) ;"
{ lbgs . ~ bzf gf) kmlnt Hof]ltifcg;f ;"o{ cflb gju|x d\unf cflb ci6 of]lugLsf] ef]
sf] cj:yfdf ldNg] zecze kmn u|xultsf cg;f nfUg] b}lgs bzf . ~ bxf8} ls) lj) lbg a
fFsL 5Fbd } f sg} 8, qf;, ;\sf]r cflb gePh:t} uL vn]ofd . ~ lbg lqm) lj) k|ltlbg l
R5] lbgxF lbglbg} . gfy gf) lbgsf clwklt ;"o{ lbgs . ~ klbg lqm) lj) lbg laTb} h
glafO{sg lbgfglbg . dl0f gf) ;"o{ . dfg gf) != ;"o{ pbfPb]lv ;"o{ c:tfpGh]nsf] ;d
cyf{t\ k"f lbgsf] dfg flqdfgsf] pN6f] . @= lbgdl0f ;"o{ . dv gf) k|eft laxfg . ~
) != cxf]fq lbg ft . @= xavt lgGt ;w}F nuftf . z]if gf) ;fFem a]n[sf ;GW
612

lbgx lqm) lj) [;+) lbgcxg\] k|ltlbg x]s lbg lbg}lkR5] . lbgf
\s gf) [;+)] ldlt ut
>lbgf
\lst lj) lbg c
\sg ulPsf] ltlyldlt n]lvPsf] jf tf]lsPsf] . lbgfwLz gf) [;+)] ;"o{
bgs . lbgfg'lbg lqm) lj) [;+)] lbg}lkR5] lbgklbg lbgf]lbg . lbgfGt gf) [;+)] lbg ;lsg
ft ;'? x'g] ;do ;fo
\sfn ;GWof ;fFem . lbgfGw lj) [;+)] != lbgdf cfFvf b]Vg g;Sg]
] cGwf] lbjfGw lbgfGwf] . gf) @= nf6f]sf];]f] x'lrn pNn' . lblgsf gf) [;+)] lbge sfd
fkt kfOg] kfl>lds Ps lbgsf] Hofnf lbgesf] dh'L . lbg] lj) [lbgP] != lbg;DaGwL lbgsf
Frlbg], b;lbg], kGw|lbg] O)_ . [lbg'P] @= sg} rLh k|bfg ug]{ . lbg]z gf) [;+)] lbgsf
b]jtf ;"o{ . lbg} lkR5] lqm) lj) [lbglkR5]] k|ltlbg lbglbg lbgx'F ;w}F . lbgf}w L
[lbgfGwO{] lbgdf cfFvf b]Vg g;Sg] f]u lbjfGw x'g] f]u . lbkf
tfn gf) g]kfnsf] klZrdf~
n If]qcGtu{t u08sL c~rnsf] sf:sL lhNnfdf kg]{ k|l;4 Ps tfn . lbAa] lj) [;+) lbJo]
fd|f] t]lhnf] lbJo . ~ afx| jif{ gf) k"f afx| jif{ . lba|L gf) l6g jf s;s6 cflb wft
] ;fgf] 6f]qmLsf] d'vdf kflg] 5]8df ;n]bf] nufpg] Kjfn;lxtsf] lasf]{ ePsf] dlt]n a
fNg] aQL l9a|L skL 6'sL . lbdfu gf) [c)] != lubL dl:tis duh vf]k8L . @= af}l4s jf d
Ifdtf ljj]szlQm r]tgf . #= cledfg cx
\sf 3dG8 ;]vL . ~ bf lj) != lbdfu ePsf] 1fg
m ePsf] ;dembf . @= ;]vL ug]{ 3dG8L lbdfuL . >lbdfuL lj) != lbdfu;Fu ;DalGwt lbdfusf]
uhbf . @= cledfgL 3dG8L . #= lbdfu ePsf] ;dembf h]xg ] bf . lbot gf) [c) bLot] Hofgd
6 dflg]sf kljfn] xhf{gf:jk kfpg] wg Hofgsf] Ifltk"lt{sf kdf dg]s { f kljfnfO{ lbOg]
Q . lbofO gf) [lb -ofO_] lbg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] lbofOg' s) lqm) lbg nfOg' l
bnfOg' . lbofpg' k|) ] lqm) lbg nfpg' lbnfpg' . lbofn gf) n]slt kfOg], af]qmf t]n cf
}ifwLsf kdf k|of]u ulg], b]jbfsf hftsf] Ps v lbofnf] . ~ t]n gf) lbofn jf lbofnfsf] v
]6f]af6 aGg] t]n tflkg t]n . lbofnL gf) [lbofnf]O{] != ;fgf] lbofnf] . lj) @= k|sfz
lbg] ph]nL . ~ sf7 gf) lbofnf] afNg] sf7 ph]nLsf7 . lbofn] lj) [lbofnf]P] lbofnf] ePs
f] lbofnfsf] . ~sf7

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
613

lbofnf]lbJo fhf_ <] dWoo'udf w]} ;do;Dd lxGb" fhf tyf d'un afbzfxsf] fhwfgL x]sf] ;
!(!@ b]lv c
\u|]hn] k'gM fhwfgL agfPsf] klZrdf]Q eftsf] Ps k|l;4 guL eftsf] fhwfgL .
j) != lbNnL;DaGwL lbNnLsf] . @= lbNnLdf a:g] lbNnLdf aGg] jf x'g] . lbj gf) [;+)] !
= b]jnf]s :ju{ . @= cGtlIf cfsfz . #= lbg lbj; lbjf . > lbj
\ut lj) != b]jnf]sdf jf;
f] knf]sjf;L . @= d[To' ePsf] d]sf] . lbj; gf) [;+)] lbpF;f]sf] ;do lbg lbjf . lbjf
[;+)] lbpF;f] lbj; lbg . lbjfO gf) [lbcfO] lbg'sf] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof ;'DkfO . lbj
fs gf) [;+)] lbgs ;"o{ . lbjfg gf)x]) b]jfg . lbjfGw lj) [;+)] != lbgf}FwLsf] f]u eP
lbpF;f] cfFvf gb]Vg] lbgGwf] . gf) @= nf6f]sf];]f] pNn' . lbjfle;flsf gf) [;+)] lbp;}
k|d ] Ln] ;
\st ] u]sf 7fpFdf e]6g \ hfg] gflosf . lbjf ef]h gf) [;+)] != sg} ljlzi6
cltlysf] ;Ddfgdf lbp;f] lbOg] cf}krfls ef]h -nGr_ . @= lbgdf vfOg] vfgf . lbjfnl
u/ gf) [kmf) bLjfuL] 3sf uffdf aQL jf cGo ;fdfg fVg] p2]Zon] hl8Psf] tVtf ldNsL . lb
f gf) [lx)] cfly{s cj:yf lu/]/ l/g km5f{pg g;Sg] xfnt xl/tGgd ePsf] l:ylt jf cj:yf 6
f6pN6fO . lbjflnof lj) [lx)] cfly{s cj:yf gfd|L v:s]sf] lbjfnf ePsf] 6f6 pN6]sf] . k
gf) lbjflnof ePsf] cj:yf lbjflnof x'gfsf] efj 6f6pN6Fbf]kg . lbjf :jKg gf) [;+)] !=
dgdf ljleGg ts{sf nx rNgfn] v]Ng] c;Dej sNkgf dgsf] n8\8' l3pl;t vfg] sfd . @= lbg
d} ;kgf b]Vg] sfd lbp;f]sf] ;kgf . lbJo lj) [;+)] != :ju{;Fu ;DalGwt :juL{o cnf}lss l
bAa] cltk| f s[ l ts . @= cfsfzl;t ;DaGw fVg] cfsfzLo . #= b}jL O{ZjLo . $= rxlsnf]
k|sfzdfg\ . %= clt fd|f] ;'Gb dgf]x . ^= c;n u'0fo'Qm pQd . gf) &= k|frLg sfndf dfG5
]sf u'0fb'u'{0f bf]iflgbf]{if rlqsf] lgSof}{n ug'{kbf{ cfuf], ljif jf hn cflbff ulg]
Ps kLIff . *= jfrf lslof zky . (= ;flxTodf, tLg k|sfsf gfosdWo] Ps cnf}lss gfos -OGb
, fd, s[i0f cflb_ . ~ rIf'b[li6 gf) != cb[Zo j:t' ljifonfO{ 7Dofpg] leqL cfFvf 1fgb[
li6 1fgrIf' Wofgb[li6 . lj) @= ;'Gb cfFvf ePsf] fd|f] b[li6 x'g] . ~ 1fg lj) cnf}lss
fgsfL . tf gf) lbJo x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf pQdtf >]i7tf . ~ gfL gf)

gf) vf]6f] lbofnf] x'g], l;D6f kmNg] sf7 vf]6] ;Nnf] ;Nnf] ph]nLsf7 . ~rf] gf) Ps hf
sf] rf] . ~Rofp gf) df6fdf knfpg], lbofn]h:t} kx]FN5f
sf] 5f]6f] 8fF7 x'g] 8Nnf] cfs
f], vfg x'g] Ps hftsf] Rofp . lbofnf] gf) [;+) bLkcfnf]] vf]6] ;Nnf] l5lKkPkl5 vf]
6f]n] elP ftf]
sf] b]lvg] emem u]/ aNg] r'f] jf cfFvf] aQLsf] ;f pHofnf] afNg]
ulg] To;}sf] rf]O6f] . lbof] gf) [;+) bLk] != ltn, tf]L cflbsf] t]n jf l3p xfnL wf
uf]sf] ;n]bf]df aQL afNg], df6f] jf wft'af6 agfOPsf] srf}Lsf cfsfsf] ;fgf] efF8f] b
LkbfgL . @= aQL . ~ 3 gf) != ;fFemsf] lbof] jf aQL afNg k|foM efG;fdfly agfOPsf] k
"j{lt kmsf{P lbof] flvg] 7fpF . @= 7"n7"nf pT;jdf glgef];\ eGgfsf] lglDt aQL 5f]Kg
agfOPsf] P]gf3 . lbn gf) [kmf)] != cGt:s0f dg lrQ . @= x[bo d'6' . v'; lj) dg axnf
fnsf] lbnnfO{ k|;Gg kfg]{ . r:k lj) rf;f] nfUg] dgkbf]{ dgnfO{ nf]Eofpg] dgf]~hs d
r:kL gf) != sg} j:t' jf ljifok|lt hfUg] cle?lr OR5f cfsif{0f . @= sg} j:t'df ePsf]
gnfO{ nf]Eofpg] u'0f . bf lj) != fd|f] lbn jf pbftf ePsf] :g]xk"0f{ :jefjsf] bofn'
. @= l;s :jefjsf] p;] . #= lbnsf] Kof kfpg] dfofn' k|]dL -JolQm_ . ~ axnfp gf) lbn
fpg] jf dgnfO{ cfgGb lbg] sfd dgf]~hg cfdf]bk|df]b nx8afhL lbnaxfb' . ~ axf gf) !=
nfp . lj) @= dg dfpg] dgf]~hs . ?jf lj) != dfOnf] nfUg] dgf]~hs . @= k|]dL dfofn'
#= l;tfh:t} cfsfsf] ]6] ahfOg] ;f]x|j6f tf x'g] Ps afhf . lbnfO gf) [ lblbnfp -c
pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] lbnfOg' s) lqm) lbg nfOg' lbofOg' . lbnfpg' k|]) lq
m) lbg nfpg' k|fKt ufpg' lbofpg' . lbnfk gf) [g]jf)] a]tfnn] 5'6fOg], vfkfsf] aLrsf]
efu b}nfsf aLrsf] v08 . lbnf;f gf) [kmf) lbn;+) cfzf] != sl07t jf b'Mlvt x[bonfO{ lb
Og] cfZjf;g 9f8; w}o{ . @= cf8ef];f ef];f . lbnLk gf) [;+)] != OIjfsj+zL Ps k|l;4 f
f jfNdLlssf cg';f euLysf lktf sflnbf;sf cg';f 3'sf lktf . @= rGb|j+zL fhf s?sf j+zh
Ps fhf . lbNnuL gf) [kmf)] ;fdfGo xfF;v]n ug]{ p2]Zon] ulg] Vofn7f dg axnfpg] jf xF;f
pg] sf] . afh gf) 76f}nf] :jefjsf] JolQm xfF;v]n ug]{ JolQm . afhL gf) lbNnuL ug]
of jf efj Vofn7f vfF;v]n lbNnuL . lbNnL gf) [k|f) l9NnL, ;+) b]xnL < lbn' -OGb|k: | y
sf do"j+zL

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65

lbJofbLkg cK;f b]jsGof . ~ k~rfd[t gf) b"w, bxL, l3p, dx, lrgL cflb kfFr kbfy{ ldnfO
{ agfOPsf] k~rfd[t . ~ kLIff gf) k|frLg sfndf cleo'Qm bf]ifL 55}g, kQf nufpg cfuf],
kfgL, ljif, lx+;|s hGt cflbsf] aLrdf fVbf dof] eg] bf]ifL d]g eg] lgbf]{ifL{ dflg
g] efUo kLIff . ~ k?if gf) pQd jf c;Dej u0fn] oQm ePsf] k?if b}jL k?if :ju{df u
lt ePsf] k?if -oIf, uGwj{ , lsGg, b] j tf cflb_ . ~ Tg gf) dgsf] OR5fg s n kmn lb
g] Ps k| s fsf] slNkt dl0f lrGtfdl0f . ~ jfSo gf) b]jjf0fL cfsfzjf0fL . lbJof gf) [;+
)] != ;+:s[t ;flxTosf cg;f tLg k|sfsf gflosfdWo] nf]sf]Q u0f ePsL gflosf -h:t} kf
j{tL, ;Ltf, flwsf O)_ . @= cdnf wfqL . >lbJof\ugf gf) != ;Gb :jk pQd :jefj ePsL gf
@= :juL{o gfL cK;f . #= b]jtfsL :qL b]jjw" . lbJofTdf gf) [;+)] b}jL cfTdf cnf}lss cf
df :juL{o b]jLb]jtf . lbJof:q gf) [;+)] != b]jtfn] rnfpg] xltof cnf}lss xltof . @= dG
qsf k|efjn] k|of]u xg] c:q jf xltof -cfUg]o, a|Xd, jfoJo cflb_ . lbJof]kb]z gf) [
;+)] != k[YjLgffo0f zfxn] cfgf] cGTosf ;dodf efOefbfnfO{ e]nf u] lbPsf] pkb]z ;f] p
n]lvPsf] k:ts . @= pQd bLIff, lgb]{zg . lbJof}iflw gf) [;+)] dgMlznf . lbzf gf) [
;+)] != lIfltj[Qsf rf dVo slNkt ljefu k"j{ klZrd, pQ, blIf0fdWo] k|To]s jf sg} Ps .
@= b; lbzf . gf)of]) #= lt tkm{ . ~ kljt{g gf) != k"jl{ gwf{lt p2]Zo;DaGwL gLlt k]mg]
{ sfd lrGtg jf ;f]rljrfsf] k]mabn . @= lbzf jf :yfg ;fg]{ jf abNg] sfd . > lbzfjsfz
gf) b[O6f lbzfsf aLrsf] efu pklbzf sf]0f . lb;f gf) vfg]sf] kr]kl5 ubfaf6 aflx lg
dn emf8f lji7f ux . lbxn gf) [ lb] C0fLkIfn] olt sd o; Dofb;Dddf ltg]{ uL o:tf] ;t
lnPsf] xF egL wgLnfO{ lbg] lnvt . ljk) lnxn . bLIfs gf) [;+)] bLIff lbg] JolQm d
Gq ;gfpg] u? bLIffu? . bLIf0f gf) [;+)] bLIff lbg] sfd . bLIff gf) [;+)] != ;\sNk
k"js { ulg] kf7k"hf, o1 cflbsf] cgi7fg o1 . @= u? jf cfrfo{af6 lbOg] dGqf]kb]z .
#= tflGqs ljlwn] b]jLb]jtfsf] dGqu|x0f ug]{ sfd . $= j|taGw ljlw pkgog ;+:sf . ~
u? gf) bLIffdGq ;gfpg] cfrfo{ jf u? .
614

bLIffGt gf) [;+)] != u]sf o1sf] ql6 zflGt ugf{sf nflu ulg] zl4 :gfg o1fGt :gfg . @
= sg} ljZjljBfnoaf6 xg] lglZrt cWoog cjlwsf] ;dflKt cWoogsfo{sf] ;dflKt . ~ efif0
f gf) sg} ljZjljBfnon] :gfts, :gftsf]Q jf ljBfjfllw tx kf ug]{xnfO{ pkflw jf k|df0fkq
ljtlt ug]{ ;dodf sg} ljlzi6 JolQmff lbOg] efif0f . ~ ;dff]x gf) sg} ljZjljBfnon] cf
+:yfcGtu{t ;kmntf k|fKt ug]{ :gftsxnfO{ pkflw jf k|df0fkq ljt0f ug]{ cj;df dgfOg] l
jz]if pT;j To:tf] pT;jsf lglDt ulg] ;+:yfut cfof]hgf ;dfjt{g . bLlIft lj) [;+)] != b
LIffdGq k|fKt u]sf] bLIff lnPsf] . gf) @= ;\sNkk"js { o1 ;? ug]{ JolQm . bL7 gf) x]
) lb7 . { f] k|sfz ls0f . @= cf}n F f] c\ul n . bLlwlt gf) [;+)] != ;"os bLg lj) [;+
] != wg;DklQ gePsf] ula lgw{g blb| . @= bMvsi6df k]sf] bMvL . #= lvGg pbf; zf]su
= bofnfUbf] bogLo . tf gf) != bLg xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf b}Go . @= ba{ntf sdhf]L . #=
lgw{gtf blb|tf . ~ bofn lj) != bLgbMvLxdfly bof ug]{ bofjfg\ . gf) @= kd]Zj . gf
!= bLgbMvLxsf ;+Ifs . @= O{Zj . ~ aGw lj) != bLg bMvLxnfO{ ;xfotf ug]{ bLgxsf p4f
gf) @= kd]Zj . ~ jT;n gf) bMvLxdfly dfofbof ug]{ bLgbofn . > bLgfgfy gf) bLgbMvLx
Iff ug]{ bLggfy . bLgf gf) [;+)] != ;gsf] l;Ssf ;j0f{db|f c;kmL{ . @= ;gsf uxgf
#= Ofg, Ofs cflb b]zsf db|fsf] gfd . bLk gf) [;+)] != l3p, ltnsf] t]n cflbdf lehf
O{ aflng] lkpLaf6 sft] agfOPsf] ljleGg b]jtfcg;f k|of]u xg] tLg;t] kfFr;t], cf7;
t], gf};t] cflb wfufsf] TofGb|f] aQL . @= d;fg lrfs . #= sg} sn jf j+zsf] ;j{>]i7 k
?if . $= lbof] bLks . > bLks gf) != bLk aQL . @= sfJodf k|:tt ck|:tt bj} ljifos
f] ;dfg wd{sf] j0f{g xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . #= dWod :j tLj| u] lgiffb :j jlh{t uL afFsL
O{ z4 kdf NofO{ zf:qcg;f flqsf] k|yd k|x j;Gt Ctdf ufOg] iff8jhfltsf] Ps fu . lj
= t]lhnf] kfg]{ pHHjn kfg]{ . ls gf) aQL aNgfn] cfpg] w"jfF hDdf eP nfu]sf] df];f] u
hn . skL gf) aQL afNg] efF8f] bLkkfq 6sL l9a|L . bLk\s gf) dWosfnLg Oltxf;df ef
kfn xb F } ef]6df uP hLjg latfpg] tGqjfbL af}4frfo{ . bfg gf) cffWo b]jtfsf] cl3lN
t aQL afNg] sfd b]jtfsf ;Ddv ulg] cftL . bfgL gf) aQL afNg] efF8f] kfg; . bLkg gf
)] != pHofnf] kfg{sf lglDt aQL cflb afNg]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
615

bLkdfnfbLkdflnsfbMv efUozfnL . ~ z\sf gf) lb;f a:g] sfd lji7fTofu . ~ ;q gf) != w]}
o;Dd rlnxg] o1 . @= hLjge ulg] clUgxf]q . lj) #= laofFnf] rfnn] sfd k"f ug]{ bL3{;"qL
hD;f] . ~ ;"q gf) hg;s} sfd klg Hofb} l9nfOsf ;fy ug]{ bL3{;q " L . ~ ;"qtf gf)
bL3{;q " xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf nf];k ] g hD:ofOF . ~ ;"qL lj) hg;s} sfd klg ;fx|}
l9nf];u F ug]{ hD;f] . ~ ;]jf gf) w]} ;do;Dd c66 kn] ulg] ;]jf . ~ ;]jfk gf) ;sf
fLnfO{ tf]lsPsf] cjlw;Dd c66 kdf ;]jf u]afkt lbOg], g]kfnsf] fli6o kbs . > bL3f{O gf
w]} lbg;Dd afFRg] cj:yf jf zlQm . bL3f{o  lj) w]} lbg;Dd afFRg] nfdf] cfo kfPsf] l
r/hLjL bL3{hLjL . bL3f{jsfz gf) sg} z}lIfs ;+:yf jf o:t} lgsfosf bO{ ;qsf aLrsf] n
fdf] labf nfdf] 5L . bLl3{sf gf) != gu jf dlGbsf jlkl agfOPsf] ;fgf] kf]vL . @= hn
w]f] sjf . bL3L{ejg gf) x|:j :j bL3{df kl0ft xg] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof . bM pk) [;+
sg} gfd, ljz]if0f cflb zAbsf cl3lNt Hff]l8O{ vfa, lglGbt cflb cy{ aemfpg] k"j{;u{
-bM;fx;, bM;fWo, bM:jKg O)_ . bMv gf) [;+)] != zfLls jf dfgl;s kdf xg] kL8f Sn]z
. @= j]bgf 56k6L . s lj) bMv lbg] bMvb si6bfoL . hLjL lj) bMvdf kflnPsf] bM
jf afFRg] . qo gf) cflwb}ljs, cfWoflTds cflwef}lts tLg lsl;dsf bMv . b lj) != bM
v jf si6 lbg] bMvbfoL . @= sg} sf0fn] dgdf bMv kofpg] -bMvb 36gf bMvb d[To, bM
vb ;dfrf O)_ . bfosbfoL lj) bMv lbg] bMvb . k"0f{ lj) bv}bMvn] elPsf] bMvdo
{ . k|b lj) bMv lbg] bMvbfoL . axn lj) bMvsf] dfqf a9\tf ePsf] bMvk"0f{ . do
bv}bMvn] elPsf] bMvk"0f{ . nEo lj) bMv jf si6n] dfq kfOg] bn{e . zflGt gf)l
j) x]) bv;fGtL . ~ ;fu gf) != bMvsf] ;db| . @= cfWoflTds b[li6df bMvsf] 3 dflgg
] ;+;f . ;fWo lj) cys kl>d ugf{n] dfq ;fWo xg] si6;fWo . > bMvftLt lj) b M vaf6 5
6 sff kfPsf] b M vd Q m ;bf ; v L . bvfGtbMvfGts lj) != bMvk"0f{ cj;fg ePsf]
Mvdo kl0ffd ePsf] . @= ljof]u jf s?0ffhgs kl0flt b]vfpg] -gf6s, syf, pkGof; O)_ lj
of]ufGt . gf) #= bMvsf] ;dflKt bMvsf] cGTo . bMvflGjt lj) bMvdf k]sf] cft{ . bM
vfotg gf) != bMv;fu . @= ;+;f hut\ . bMvft{ lj) si6df h]lnPsf] w]} bMvL . bMlvt
bMv kfPsf] bMvL w]} si6 jf Sn]z ePsf] .

sfd . @= h7flUgnfO{ p2LKt ug]{ sfd . #= kfrgzlQm a9fpg] sfd . $= sg} ljrf jf efjgfs
f] pQ]hg . u0f gf) != h7flUgnfO{ tLj| kfg]{ kbfy{sf] Ps ju{ . @= ef]s hufpg] cf}if
wLsf] ju{ . > bLkgLo lj) != pHofnf] kfg{ pkoQm afNg ;lsg] k|sfZo . @= pQ]lht jf tL
j| kfg{ of]Uo pQ]hgLo . bLkdfnfbLkdflnsf gf) [;+)] aQLsf] k\lQm jf nx bLkfjnL . bLk :
De gf) [;+)] != aQL afNg] efF8f] kfg; . @= tnb]lv dfly;Dd aQL afNg xg] uL agfOPsf]
bLkfsf :t"k . #= hxfhsf] dfu{lgb]{zg ug{ jf vtf cflbsf] ;\s]t ug{ aflng] cUnf] :tDe
k|sfz:tDe . bLkfwf gf) [;+)] bLk:tDe kfg; . bLkfjnL gf) [;+)] != aQLxsf] k\lQm bLkdf
lbjfnL . @= sflt{s s[i0fkIfsf] cf}F;Lsf] lbg nIdLsf] cffwgfsf lglDt 33df aQL afn] d
gfOg] pT;j nIdLk"hfsf lbgsf] pT;j . #= ltxf . $= v;LofnLsf a]nfdf w]} aQL afn] dgfO
g] kj{ jf pT;j . bLlksf gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] aQL . @= sg} sl7g u|Gysf] 6Lsf jf k:ts
. bLlkt lj) [;+)] != wkSs an]sf] bLKt k|Hjlnt . @= pQ]lht . bLkf]T;j gf) [;+)] aQL
afn] dgfOg] kj{ jf pT;j bLkfjnL . bLKt lj) [;+)] != an]sf] k|Hjlnt bLlkt . @= emndNn
k]sf] rxlsnf] emlnf] . gf) #= ;g ;j0f{ . $= cfuf] . bLlKt gf) [;+)] != bLKt xgfsf]
efj jf cj:yf k|sfz pHHjntf . @= k|ef qmflGt t]h . #= zf]ef 5lj ;f}Gbo{ . dfg\ lj)
lKtoQm k|sfzdfg rdsbf . @= t]h:jL t]hf]do . bL3{ lj) [;+)] != ;do, b"L, :yfg cflbsf
[li6df 6f9f;Dd kUg] km}lnPsf] lj:t[t nfdf] . @= kmflsnf] ljzfn 7"nf] . #= ldflqs jf
? -j0f{ jf cIf_ x|:jsf] ljkLtfy{s, h:tf] O sf] bL3{ O{ p sf] bL3{ pm jf ltg}
- " L _ . sfo lj) Hofb} 7"nf] hLp8fnsf] a8]dfsf] ljzfn . sfnLg C0f gf) sg} lglb
f]hgf jf nufgLcGtu{t sg} pBf]u, Joj;fo cflbsf lglDt ;t{cg;f ;n Aofhdf nfdf] ;dosf
nflu k|bfg ulg] C0f . hLjL lj) w]} ;do;Dd afFRg] nfdf] cfo kfPsf] lr~hLjL lrfo
|f gf) != nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] lgb|f . @= dxflgb|f lrlgb|f d[To . ~ lgMZjf; gf) zf]s jf b
Mvsf] sf0fn] lg:sg] nfdf] ;f; ;:s]f . afx lj) != 3F8fko{Gt kUg] nfdfnfdf xft eP
sf] cfhfgafx . @=

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bMvLbv bMvL lj) [;+)] bMvn] ;tfPsf] bMv kfPsf] si6oQm . ~ blb|blb|L gf) bLgxL
?jf . bMzsg gf) [;+)] clgi6tf;"rs nIf0f ckzsg . bMzf;g lj) [;+)] != dl:sn;Fu dfq
jzdf cfpg] blg{oGq0f . @= si6k"0f{ zf;g vfa zf;g . #= w[tfi6sf ;o efO 5f]fdWo] Ps
f]{wgsf] Ps efO . bMzLn lj) [;+)] != vfa afgLa]xf]f ePsf] gfd|f] zLn :jefjsf] . @= p
5[\vn p4t . #= kfkL bfrfL . bM>j lj) [;+)] != dl:sn;Fu ;Gg ;lsg] ;Gbf clk|o nfU
0f{s6 . @= sfJosf bf]ifxdWo] ;Gbf clk|o nfUg] Ps bf]if . tf gf) s7f] j0f{ eP sfgdf
wSsf lbg] kb xFbf xg] kbbf]if Ps k|sfsf] sfJobf]if . bM;\u gf) [;+)] gfd|f] jf vf
;\ut s;\ut . bM;x lj) [;+)] != dl:sn;Fu dfq ;xg ;lsg] ;xg sl7g . @= ;xg} g;lsg] c
. bM;fWo lj) [;+)] != dl:snl;t dfq l;4 ulg] s7f] kl>dn] dfq l;4 ug{ ;lsg] bis .
l;4 ug{} g;lsg] c;fWo . bM;fx; gf) [;+)] != sg} b[i  s jf c;Dej sfd ug{ b]vfOPsf]
;fx; . @= c;kmn k|of; Joy{sf] lxDdt . #= ug{ gxg] sfdsfdf ulPsf] cfF6 cglrt ;fx; .
$= lnF8] l9kL w[i6tf . >bM;fxl;s lj) != ;fx; ug{ cglrt tyf lgikmn xg] -sfo{_ .
@= cg}lts tyf cwfld{s sfdsfdf ;fx; b]vfpg] . gf) #= rf] 8fFs . $= cg}lts jf bZrlq Jo
Qm k:qLufdL . bM;fx;L lj) bM;fx; ug]{ Joy{sf] sfddf xft xfNg] . bM:kz{ lj) [;+)] !
= 5g jf kfpg g;lsg] . @= 5g cof]Uo . gf) #= sfp5f] . $= yfsn . bM:jKg gf) [;+)
] != gfd|f] kmnsf] ;\st ] ug]{ ;kgf vfa ;kgf . @= ug{ g;lsg] jf xg} g;Sg] sfdsfsf] O
5f . bM:jefj gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] cfr0f vfa afgLa]xf]f, bi6 k|s[lt . lj) @= gfd|f]
fj ePsf] bi6 k|s[ltsf] bMzLn . bcf gf) [lx) bf]xf] uLtdf nofTds k\lQmsf :yfoL cGt
bO{ e]bdWo] :yfoL e]b uLt ufpFbf bf]xf]lg] kmfFsL 6]s . bO6f lj) [bO{ j6f] Ps hf]8
Pssf] ;\Vofsf] bO{ ;\Vof ePsf] bOj { 6f . bO { gf) [;+) l] != Ps tLgsf aLrsf] c
O{ hgfpg] lrXg @ sf] c\s Ps Pssf] of]u;\Vof . lj) @= Ps Ps hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vofsf] .
sfg gf) != bO6f sfg . lqm) lj) @= bf];|f] sfgdf kb}{ . ~ v6 lj) e] ;fl6g]
616

sg} j:tdf Pssf] bO{ bf]a . ~ ugf lj) uGtLdf bf]a bugf . ~ 3] lj) != bO{ 3 eP
lQm_ . gf) @= klxn]sf] nf]Ug]nfO{ 5f8] bf];f | ;Fu kf]On uPsL :jf:gLdfG5] bO{kf]O
n] cfOdfO{ . ~ rDs] gf) ;fkf u] ulg] ljjfx 5f]La]6L ;f6f;f6 u] ulg] ljjfx . ~ r
O{ rN7f] kfL afl6Psf] . gf) @= bO{ rN7f] kfL afl6Psf] skfn . ~ 5fk] lj) f0ffzf;g
sf] ;dodf >L # dxffh sdfG8 Oglrkmsf] 5fk nfu]sf] -;gb_ . ~ hftsf]hft] lj) l7Ddn l7df
f . ~ lha| ] lhe| ] lj) != af]nLsf] 7]ufg gePsf] a]7]ufgsf] sf ug]{ . @= bO{ lhe|f]
ePsf] . gf) #= ;k{ . ~ hLpsL lj) ue{jtL bf]lhof . ~ tn] lj) bO{ ] lj) bO{ yg ePs
f] tnf ePsf] bf]tnf -3_ . ~ yg -afv||f], e]8f], d[u cflb_ . ~ wf] lj) bO{ k|sfsf lj
fwffdf nfUg] j}rfls b[9tf gePsf] bf]wf] . ~ bgfbg ] lj) bOn { ] bOn { fO{ uGbf
-c\s jf ;\Vof_ . ~ gDa gf) k|rlnt lgod sfggsf] ljkLt sfo{ jf k];f cj}w sfo{ . ~ gDa
j) cj}w sfo{, k];f jf Jofkf ug]{ . ~ kfv] lj) != bO{ kfvf] cyf{t\ 5fgf xflnPsf] 3_ . gf) @= cfdfafa bj} ePsf, lax] ulg] s]6f jf s]6L . ~ kft lj) bO{ ugf bugf b
f]a . ~ kft] lj) pd|Fbf bO{ kft b]lvg] bO{ kft ePsf] -la?jf_ . ~ kf]On] lj) AofOt]
nf]Ug] 5f8L csf]{;Fu kf]On uPsL -:qL_ . ~ k]m] lj) bO{ k]mf] df]]sf] bO{ k]mf] ePs
] . ~ k]m] f]6f gf) klxn]sf] rngdf bO{ k]mf] xfn] ksfOPsf] f]6L . ~ dv ] lj) != b
v ePsf] bO{lhe|] . @= ksfpFbf bO{lt efF8fa;fpg xg] -rnf]_ . ~ ; ] lj) != lrQ l
:y gePsf] ljrfwff kljt{g ulxg] bf]wf] . @= sg} sfsf] lg0f{o ug{ g;Sg] cl8nf] l
m_ . bsfg gf) [kmf)] laqmL ug]{ p2]Zon] ;;fdfg flvPsf] bnfg jf 3 laqmL:yn k;n . bf
!= bsfg u] sfdsff]af rnfpg] dfG5] k;n] . lj) @= k;ndf a:g] bsfg ug]{ . bfL gf)
g ug]{ k];f ePsf] dfG5] bsfgbf . lj) @= bsfgbf;DaGwL bsfgbfsf] . bsn " gf) [;+)]
!= zLsf] sDdeGbf dfly sfg;d]t 9flsg] lx;fan] cf]l9g] asf]{ ];dL k5f}f . @= sk8f nu
f] . bSv gf) [;+) bMv] bMv bv . >bSvL lj) bMvL . bv\g c) lqm) [> ;+) bMv, b
v g] != zfLls jf dfgl;s kL8f xg si6 xg bMv xg . @= hf], z"n cflbn] kLl8t xg
dL kg{ ylng . #= 3fp, vl6f cflb 8xg . bv gf) [;+) bMv] bMv, bSv . lhnf]lhpnf]
gf) bMv;Fu dfq jf h;f]t;f] u] hLjg wflgg] Jojxf jf sfd si6k"j{ssf] lgjf{x . ~ lkfp g
) != bMvkL8f

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
617

bvfOblgof lxF8\bf zAb cfpg] uL . @= nf7L jf d'8\sLn] a];L 76fpg] lsl;dn] . #= To;L
xfGbf zAb cfpg] uL . $= aGb's, tf]k, sft'{; cflb k8\sFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . %= Psbd}
n8\g], klN6g] jf alh|g] ubf{ cfjfh cfpg] rfn;Fu . > b'
b'
tLb'
b'
L ls) lj) cem} b'
b'

uL . ' ] n;'gsf h:t} r]K6f t lgs} ;fgf b'
b'
] gf) [;+) b'bd kft x'g] To:t} s]xL xNsf
f:gf cfpg] d;nfsf kdf k|of]u ulg], n]sdf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] emf . b'R5 lj) [;+) b'Zr] !
'i6 :jefj ePsf] vfa . @= d'vsf] 5'Rrf] d'vfn] b'd'{vf . kgkgf gf) b'R5 x'gfsf] :je
cj:yf tx gnfUg] rfn b'i6 :jefj jf afgL . b'08's gf) [;+)] w]h } ;f] kfgLdf a:g] lji
f gnfUg] Ps hftsf] ;k{ kfgL;fFk . b'lto lj) [;+) ltLo] bf]:f|f] . > b'ltof gf) z'Snk
If jf s[i0fkIfsf] bf];|f] ltly ltLof . b'Tsf gf) [;+)] s;}nfO{ pk]Iffsf ;fy kk eufpg
f]Hg] sfd lt:sf km6\sf . b'b gf) [;+) b'Uw] != cfOdfO{sf] :tg . @= b'Uw b"w . > b'b
) != b"w -afnaf]nLdf_ . @= ;fgf nfDrf kft x'g], crf vfg k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] ;fu
. b'bn ] f] gf) ;w}F xlof] xL lxpFbdf klg kft gemg]{, xlo} k"mn k'mNg] kx]Fnf] jf ft
] kmn nfUg] leq sf7 k;]sf] Ps k|sfsf] nxf] b"w] nxf] . b'wff] gf) != b"w b'xg ' ] 9'
|f] ua'jf 9'
\u|f] b'w]f] . @= b"wsf] wff] . b'wfn' lj) [;+) b'Uwfn'] != k|z:t b"w l
b"w lbg] ;Gtfgsf] . @= b"w cfpg] . b'lwnf] lj) [b"wOnf]] != b"w ePsf] b"w cfpg] . g
f) @= 8'd|Lsf h:t} kft slnnf xfFuf x'g], kft efFRbf rf]k cfpg] j:t'nfO{ 8fn] 3fF
; v'jfOg] Ps af]6 . #= b"w cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] emf b"w] . b'w ] f] gf) [b"wPf]] ufO{e}F
b'x'g] sf7 jf wft'sf] efF8f] 9'
\u|f] ua'jf . b'w]nf] lj) [b"wPnf]] b'lwnf] . b'g gf)
b'g'] rf}lt kxf8n] 3]lPsf] jf b'O{ kj{tsf dfemsf] ;dtn a];L pkTosf . b'gf lj) [b'u'gf
!= sg} d"n ;
\Vofsf] b'u'gf bf]a . gf) @= bf]a, t]a, rf}a cflbsf] lx;fa ug]{ ul0ftLo
lw b'gf]6 . >b'gfO gf) b'gf]6 . b'lgg' c) lqm) != b'ug ' f x'g' bf]Aa x'g' jf 8lAng'
. @= k;f
\lug' af
\lug' . #=bf]xf]f] x'g' bf]la|g' . b'lgof gf) [c) b'lgof] != ;j{;fwf
g;d'bfo hgtf }tL k|hf . @= ;+;f hut\ ljZj . ~ u'7L gf) ;j{;fwf0f

kLlkfp . @= f]uJofw . ~ lafd gf) f]uJofw . ~ dgfp gf) c;Gtf]if hfx] ug{ b'Mv dfGg]
6sf] hgfp . ~ ;fGtL gf) != sfd u]cg';f lbOg]kfOg] s]xL j]tg jf :jNk kfl>lds . lqm) l
j) @= ldlxg]t u]cg';f b'Mv u]d'tflas . ~ ;f:tL gf) != sg} sfd ubf{ b'Mv u]afkt lbOg]
fOg] jf x'g] nfe To:tf] kfl>lds jf Hofnf . @= b'Mv u]cg';fsf] w]yf] cfo b'Mv;fGtL .
b'Mv zf;gf . b'vfO gf) [ b'v\ -cfO_] != b'Vg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [b'vfpcfO] @=
b'vfpg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] b'vfOg' s) lqm) oftgf lbOg' b'Vg] ufOg' . ~ lkfO g
f) b'Mv kL8f b'vlkfp . b'vfpg' ;) lqm) b'Vg] ufpg' si6 lbg' kLl8t ufpg' c;Gt'i6 k
b'lvgL lj) [;+)] b'Mvdf k]sL b'Mv kfPsL b'MvL -:qL_ . b'lvof lj) [b'MvOof] lgw{g b'M
. b'vL lj) [;+) b'MvL] b'Mv kfPsf] b'MvL . bfvL lj) b'Mvdf k]sf] b'MvL blb| . b'v;
gf) [b'vP;f]] != b'MvL lhGbuL jf si6k|b hLjg b'vlhnf] b'vlhpnf] . @= ;'vb'Mvsf sfsfgL
uGyg . b'Vofxf lj) [b'vofxf] != hLjglgjf{x ug{ ufx|f] k]sf] b'vlhnf] u] hLjg latfpg]
@= b'Mv kfPsf] jf b'Mv kfpg] b'MvL . b'ug ' lj) [;+) lu'0f] != ufgahfgdf cflDes no
eGbf bf]a ult x'g] :yfoL no . @= b'u'gf b'gf . b'ug ' f lj) [b'O{u'gf] b'O{n] u'0ff
ulPsf] b'O{ u'gf bf]a . b'u/ ' \ g c) lqm) [;+) bt | ult g] != xtfxtf ub}{ bf}
56f] lxF8\g sb\g . @= bf}8g] sfddf efu lng . #= efUg . > bu  fO gf) bug]{ ef
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . bufOg s) lqm) bf}8fOg sbfOg . bu  fpg k|) ] lqm) != bu
g{ nfpg sbfpg . @= eufpg . bu  fbu  gf) != ;fd"lxs bufO bufbu . @=cfkt
a]nf ;fd"lxs kn] bf}8g] efUg] sfd . bul  g s) lqm) xtfxtf u] slbg bf}l8g .
;+)] != b"w cf]lng . lj) @= bx]sf] . k]mgL gf) uf]7fn] ;fu . ~ Joj;fo gf) b"wsf] l
aqmLljt0fsf] sff]af;DaGwL k];f b"wsf] Joj;fo . zfnf gf) k|zf]wg uL u|fxsxdf ljt0f
lglDt hDdf ulg] b"wsf] e08f 8]oL . z"n gf) :tg jf ygsf] dG6f] bVg] Ps f]u yg]
~ ;db | gf) kf0fk|l;4 ;Kt;fudWo] Ps IfL;fu . ;f gf) b"waf6 ;fsf kdf lg:sg] t
>blUwsf gf) b"w] emf . bUwL lj) != b"w ePsf] b"wn] oQm . gf) @= b"w] 3fF; . bb
m) lj) [c) d") b \ c -l)_] != vf ahf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bgble;lGw JolQmn] wfld{s sfo{ jf ;dfh;]jfsf lglDt 5fPsf] rncrn ;DklQ -hUuf hldg,
3, ;g rfFbL O)_ . bf gf) != hgtf k|hfu0f }tL . @= hflu gePsf] JolQm u}hflubf
lgofFbf xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= ;f+;fls rfnrng nf]sJojxf . ~ ef8f lj) ;f]emf;femf
gtfnfO{ sf nufP efF8e}nf] ufpg] vfnsf] b'lgofFnfO{ layf]Ng] . b'g' gf) [;+) b|f0 ] f]
b'O6f kft bf]Ao|fP afF;sf l;Gsfn] v'6L srf}fh:tf] agfOPsf] efF8f] kftsf] srf}f . b'g
n ] f] gf) [b'g'Pnf]] afF;sf] ua'jf . b'gf]6 gf) [b'gfcf]6] sg} ;
\VofnfO{ Ps, b'O{, t
g cflb qmdn] u'0fg u]sf] flzxsf] l;nl;nf jf z[
\vnf b'gfO kxf8f . b'Gb'eb'Gb'le gf)
!= 7"nf] bdfxf guf . @= fdfo0fdf k|l;4 Ps fIf; . b'GofO gf) [b'lg -ofO_] != b'lgg]
bf]la|g] lqmof k|lqmof . [b'GofpcfO] @= b'Gofpg] jf bf]Ao|fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [>]
b'GofOg' s) lqm) b'Gofpg nfOg' . ~ k6fO gf) sk8f b'Gofpg] k6fpg] k|lqmof . b'Gofpg'
k|) ] lqm) != a
\Uofpg' lgx'fpg' . @= k6fpg' bf]Ao|fpg' . b'kf gf) [;+) lk] != b'O{
f kq ePsf], :jf:gLdflg;sf] Ps k|sfsf] cf]9\g] k5f}f b'sn bf]kf . @= sfFw jf 3fF6Ldf
nfdf] sk8f . b'anL gf) [g]jf)] S;L kfbf{ yfKg] Ps ;fwg . b'lawf [;+) lljwf] o;f] xf
] jf To;f] xf] eGg] lg0f{o geO{ bf]dg ePsf] cj:yf bf]wf bf]dg . b'ag ] L gf) [b"af]Pg
L] b"af] w]} ePsf] 7fpF b"af] emf
\luPsf] 7fpF . b'af] gf) [;+) b'jf{] xlof], nfDrf d
;gf kft x'g], rf s];f | k]sf] cfFVn}lkR5] hf xfNg] k|l;4 nx] e'Oe F{ mf u0f]z, nIdL c
lb b]jtfnfO{ k"mnsf kdf r9fOg] rf}, au}Frf cflb l;Fufg{ pdflg] ;f]xL emf jf 3fF; . b
'AnfO gf) [b'Anfp -cfO_] b'Anfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] b'AnfOg' c) lqm) b'Anf
pg] xf]Og' IfL0f xf]Og' xf85fnf dfq x'g' b'Anf] x'g' . @= anau{t vtd x'g' sdhf] x'g'
nv'] x'g' . b'Anf] lj) [k|f) b'Aanf] < ;+) b'an { ] != zLdf df;' sd eO{ kftlnPsf] l;s
] Vofp6] . @= au{tatf gePsf] lgwf]{ lga{n . beL gf) [;+) b"jL{] 5fnfdf ;]tf 6f6f b]
lvg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u Zj]tsi7 kf08f]u . bd6 gf) [bf]d6] anf}6] hldg bf]d6 . bdf]
) bd -kR5_ cf]] != sg} j:t csf{nfO{ lbFbf
618

;x ghfcf];\ eGg] x]tn  ] lems] flvg] yf]} c+z . @= hu]8f cjz]if . #= Hofb} yf]} c+z
jf dfqf . bDsf] gf) != 3sf] hu vGg] sfd . @= hu vGg] sfdsf] ;?jft . bDrL gf) [km
f) bdrL] 3f]8fsf] kR5df c8\sfOg] sf7Lsf] cjoj . bDhf gf) g]kfnsf] hgsk c~rncGtu
{t l;Fwn  L lhNnfdf kg]{, ;gsf];L f];Lvf]nfsf bf]efgdf x]sf] Ps a:tL . > bDhfnL
lj) != bDhf;Fu ;DalGwt bDhfsf] . @= bDhfdf a;f]af; ug]{ bDhfjf;L . #= bDhfdf
tof ePsf] -vfF8L_ . bDaf gf) [kmf) bFa] kR5sf] emKkf] hfFtfsf] kmUNofF6fh:tf] x
g] Ps hftsf] e]8f] . bD;L gf) [;+) b+z] \ != hLpel sfnf] ;]tf] ldl;Psf] sfF8f xg
], ;Fusf] h:tf] ytg xg] l;fPkl5 zLsf sfF8f l;l\l;l\ kfb}{ zqdfly hfOnfUg
GohLj bD;L . @= ftdf afnLgfnL ;vfk kfg]{ lbgdf 7"n7"nf cf]8f jf ukmfdf a:g] sfF8f
bf h\unL hgfj . ~ sf9] lj) b'D;Lsf] sF8fh:tf] -wfg cflbsf] kf]6fPsf] ufef]_ . b'D;]
b'D;Lsf sfF8f h:t} r'Rrf] ;'Of x'g] wfgsf] Ps hft . b'D:o}nf] lj) [ bD:ofOnf]] cln
cln lefnf] jf yf]yf]} cf]fnf] k]sf] -7fpF, kfvf] cflb_ bD:ofOnf] . b'o]s lj) [b'O{P
b'O6f dfq ;fx|} sDtL ;
\Vofsf] . b' \ pk) [;+)] gfd, ljz]if0f cflb zAbsf clulNt nfu] b
]if, vfaL, s7f]/tf, lgGbf, lgif]w, b'Mv cflb cy{ hgfpg] Ps pk;u{ -b'u{d, b'Jo{jjx
f, b'gf{d, b'n{e O)_ . b'ltqmd0f lj) [;+)] != cltqmd0f ug{ g;lsg] lhTg g;lsg] . @= g
fg g;lsg] b'n{
\o . b'Too lj) [;+)] kf x'g g;lsg] tlg;lsg] b':t . b'b' lj) af]
f nfu] jf dg gkgf{n] 6f9f kG5fpg vf]Hbf pb\uf JoQm ulg] zAb b'b'{/ . lj) @= x]nf ulPs
f] l3gfpFbf] . b'lwud lj) [;+)] != d'l:sn;Fu dfq hflgg] b'1]{o . @= 7"nf] kl>dn] dfq
kfpg ;lsg] b'ik|fKo . b'Gt lj) [;+)] != kl0ffd gfd|f] x'g] vfa kl0ffd ePsf] cz'e .
fOg;lsg] ckf . #= cGt kQf nfpg g;lsg] cgGt . $= Psbd} 7"nf] cfsfsf] a8]dfsf] . %= hfg
g;lsg] b'u{d . ^= 8nfUbf] 3f] eLif0f . &= fd|f] 1fg ug{ g;lsg] b'1]{o . *= b'i6 :je
ePsf] vn . b'leof]hg gf)[ ;+)] s;}nfO{ ljgfsf0f xflg k'ofpg] lx;fan] uf]Ko kdf ulg]
O{ u'Kt cleof]u . b'le;lGw gf) [;+)] vfa p2]Zo lnP ulPsf] u'Kt ;Demf}tf if8\oGqk"0f{
Gw .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
619

b'j:yfb'ud { b'?kof]u gf) [;+)] != lgodlj?4 x]s vfa sfdsf jf ltgdf ePsf] >d, ;fwg, z
cflbsf] pkof]u cg'lrt pkof]u . @= hyfefaL ePsf] vr{ . #= sg} klg sfdsfdf kmh'n kdf p
8fOPsf] vr{ . b'?kof]hg gf) [;+)] ;DklQ, ;|f]t, ;fwg cflbsf] ;d'lrt k|of]usf] cef
j lxgfldgf . b'?:t lj) [kmf)] != h:tf] x'gk ' Yof]{ To:t} p:t} ;b[z sf6Ls6L . @= sg}
s]lau|]sf] sfdsf cfk"mn] gu]sf] h:tf] kfg]{ jf To:t} kfL agfpg] 7Ls7fs h:tfsf] To:t}
#= lhDdf nfPsf] sfdsf tDtof kfg]{ ll6Ss . $= klxn] h:tf] xfntdf lyof] To:t} Ho"s F f
To"F . %= plrt d'gfl;a . >b'?:tL gf) b'?:t x'gfsf] efj, cj:yf jf k|lqmof . b'?:Tof
O gf) b'?:t x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . b'x lj) [;+)] l56} a'g g;lsg] d'l:snn] dfq a'lemg]
b'1]{o b'af]{w cK7ff] sl7g hl6n . b' ] gf) [;+) b"P] ;fgf kftnf kft x'g], xlof]
mn k'mNg] vdf a]lP a9\b} hfg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . b'u { gf) [;+)] != k|frLg ;dodf vf;vf;
:ynsf] ;'Iffsf lglDt ljz]if uL kxf8dfly agfOPsf 7"n7"nf lsNnf ;;fgf fHosf] fhwfgL jf
k|d'v s]Gb sf]6 u9L . @= zq'sf] cfjfudg x'g g;Sg] uL agfOPsf sg} klg ;'lIft :yfg jf l
sNnf -hnb'u{, jgb'u{ O)_ . #= hfg g;lsg] af6f] b'ud { ky . lj) $= k'Ug g;lsg] hfg
sl7g b'ud { . b'ut { lj) [;+)] != b'u{ltdf k]sf] laNnLaf7 ePsf] vfa xfntsf] . @= bLg
Lg cj:yfsf] b'MvL bLg . >b'ul { t gf) !=vfa cj:yf jf ult b'b{zf . @= cfkt\ b'Mv si6
'uG { w gf) [;+)] ;8]un]sf j:t'af6 cfpg] vfa uGw gfsn] g;xg] uGw . >b'uG { wL lj) gfd
|f] uGw ePsf] b'uG { w cfpg] ugfpg] . b'uk { lt gf) [;+)] lsNnf, l;dfgf, u9L cflbsf
] Iffsf lgldQ lgo'Qm clwsfL u9Lsf] xflsd b'u{sf] cWoIf . b'uk { fn gf) [;+)] lsNnfsf]
]vb]v ug]{ sd{rfL sf]6kfn . b'ud { lj) [;+)] != d'l:sn;Fu dfq hfg ;lsg] k'Ug sl7g 7fpF_ . @= d'l:snn] dfq hfGg ;lsg] . #= cK7ff] ljs6 sl7g . ~ If]q gf) b'u{d :yfg . t
gf) b'u{d x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . > b'ud { gLo hfg d'l:sn kg]{ b'ud { .~ eQf gf) b'u
{d :yfg egL tf]s]sf 7fpFdf xL ;]jf ug]{ sd{rfLnfO{ ;'? tnasf] s]xL k|ltztsf bn] lbO
g] yk ;'ljwf . ~ ;]jfkbs gf) b'ud { lhNnfdf uO{ ;]jf ug]{ g]kfnL ;]gfnfO{ k|bfg u
g]{ p2]Zon] @)@) ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ~ :yfg gf) != hfg sl7g kg]{ 7fpF d'l:snn] d
fq hfg ;lsg] 7fpF . @= oftfoft, ;'ljwf ljsf; cflbsf b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] If]q jf 7f
pF egL ;sfff 3f]lift

b'j:yf gf) [;+)] b'Mv, si6, blb|tf cflb sf0fn] ePsf] gfd|f] cj:yf b'bz { f . @= b'ul{
t b'ikl0ffd bogLo l:ylt . b'f gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] ndh'
lhNnfleqsf] b'f8fF8fdf cflbs
v g} a;f]af; uL cfPsf], cfg} efiff;+:s[lt ePsf] t To;nfO{ la:tf}la:tf} e'Nb} uPsf] Ps
hflt g]kfnsf] Ps cNk;+Vos hflt . b'fud gf) [;+)] cg'lrt lsl;dn] x'g] k|flKt . b'fu|
x gf) [;+)] != cg'lrt tlsfaf6 sg} sfdf ulg] l9kL lnF8] l9kL cL lh2L . @= unt sfds
|x jf l9kL . > b'fu|xL lj) b'fu|x ug]{ x7L lh2Ljfn . b'fr0f gf) [;+)] gfd|f] rfnrn
b'frf gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] cfr0f czf]egLo rfnrng . lj) @= gfd|f] Jojxf jf zLn:jefjsf
. > b'frfL lj) b'frf ug]{ vfa rfnrng ePsf] ssdL{ . b'fTdf lj) [;+)] dgdf sfnf]
fjsf] sk6L . b'fwif{ lj) [;+)] != d'l:snn] lgoGq0fdf Nofpg jf bdg ug{ ;lsg] . @= k|
r08 pu|, ljs6 . gf) #= kx]Fnf] ;l;{pF . $= lji0f'sf] Ps gfd . tf gf) != b'fwif{ x'g
fsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= k|r08tf pu|tf . b'fg gf) [;+) lfudg] bf];|f] cjfO lfudg b'n
nDe lj) [;+)] kfpg d'l:sn ePsf] b'ik|fKo . b'fnfk gf) [;+)] != vfa jf grflxFbf] sf]
= b'j{rg ufnL . b'fzo gf) [;+)] != vfa cfzo gfd|f] clek|fo . @= gfd|f] cfzo fVg] df
Tdf . lj) #= dgdf vfa ljrf fVg] sk6L . b'fzf gf) [;+)] != c;Dej sfxdf ulg] cfzf
zf . @= vfa sfsf] OR5f jf rfxgf . b'L gf) [b"O{] Ps j:t'b]lv csf]{ j:t';Ddsf] jf Ps
Fbl] v csf]{ 7fpF;Ddsf] cGt Ps bf];f | sf aLrsf] cGt cGt kms . s0f gf) b" ugf{s
x6fpgfsf] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . b'?vfb'?Vjf gf) [g]jf) b'?Vjf] 5'kL{ . b'?Q gf) [ ;+
)] != gfd|f] lsl;dsf] hjfkm vfa pQ . lj) @= ;lhnf]l;t pQ lbg g;lsg] . #= fd|L pQ lb
g] -JolQm_+ . b'?T;fx gf) [;+)] != cg'lrt jf gfd|f] k|sfsf] pT;fx b'M;fx; . @= ug{ g
x'g] sfdsfafO{df pT;flxt x'g] sfd . > b'?T;fxg gf) cnfO{ sfg'gL jf g}lts b[li6n] cj
}w sfo{ ug{ k|fT ] ;flxt ug]{ sfd vfa sfddf pS;fpg] rfn . b'?T;flxt lj) cg'lrt jf gf
d|f] sfddf pS;fOPsf] . b'?T;fxL gf) cg'lrt tyf pQ]hs ckfw ugf{sf nflu cnfO{ pT;flxt
ug]{ jf cfb]z lbg] JolQm .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65

b'uf{b'dl {t If]q . b'uf{ gf) [;+)] != cflbzlQmsf kdf dflgg], b'u{gfds fIf;nfO{ jw u]
sf]n] of] gfd x]sL, Ps k|l;4 b]jL . @= cg]s c;'xsf] ljgfz ug]{ cf7 xft ePsL tyf l;+
xjflxgL egL dflgPsL lxGb" wd{sL k|Voft Ps b]jL . #= gf} jif{sL sGof jf sdfL . > b'
uf{rg { f gf) b'uf{b]jLsf] k"hf cffwgf . b'uf{WoIf gf) [;+)] b'u{sf] dflns b'u{klt .
b'uf{ k"hf gf) [;+)] != b'uf{sf] k"hf b'uf{rg { f . @= lxGb"xaf6 cflZjg z'SnkIfsf]
k|ltkbfb]lv gjdL;Dddf b'uf{sf] k|ltdf :yflkt u] ulg] k"hg . b'u0 {' f gf) [;+)] !=
sg} klg JolQmdf x'g] vfa :jefj jf csf] xflggf]S;fgL ug]u { fpg] b"lift lqmofzLntf .
@= sg} kbfy{df ljsf pTkGg ufpg] bf]if . > b'u0 {' fL lj) b'u'{0f ePsf] gfd|f] u'0fn]
'Qm . b'uz {] gf) [;+)] != b'u{sf :jfdL . @= b'u{sf] d'Vo xflsd . b'uf]T { ;j gf)
[;+)] cflZjg z'Sn k|ltkbfb]lv ljhofbzdLsf lbg;Dd b'uf{r{gf cflb uL dgfOg] pT;j a8
fb;}F b;}F . b'ux |{ lj) [;+)] != d'l:snn] dfq ;dfpg jf u|x0f ug{ ;lsg] . gf) @=
clgi6sfs jf gfd|f] kmn lbg] u|x . b'3{6gf gf) [;+)] !=sg} JolQm jf j:t'sf] xflg jf I
flt x'g] cfsl:ds 36gf ckem{6 cfOk]sf] si6k"0f{ jf cz'e 36gf . @=xflggf]S;fgL Iflt gf
z d[To' . ~ u|:t lj) b'36 { gfdf k]sf] cfsl:ds 36gfdf k] gi6e|i6 ePsf] b'3{l6t . b'3
t lj) [;+)] != b'3{6gfdf k]sf] b'3{6gfu|:t . @= ck|Toflzt kdf jf gfd|f];Fu 3l6t x'g u
Psf] . b'3f{t gf) [;+)] != d0ffGt x'g] uL nfu]sf] 7Ss cf3ft . @= v"al;t ePsf] r'6fO j
f lk6fO . b'5 {] lj) [;+) b'Zr >b'R5P != b'xb F' f nfQL l;
rnfpg] b"w b'x'g glbg]
O{_ ntfxf -kz'_ . @= b'i6 :jefjsf] b'h{g . #= b'j{rg af]Ng] krd'vf d'vfn] . > b'5f{O
f) b'5]{ x'gfsf] efj, lqmof jf :jefj b':6fOF . b'hg { lj) [;+)] != csf{sf] xflggf]
S;fgL jf csLlt{ cksf ug]{ :jefj ePsf] cnfO{ b'Mv lbg] abdf; b'i6 . gf) @= b'i6 JolQm
a dfG5] . tf gf) b'h{g x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . b'ho { lj) [;+)] lhTg Hofb} ufx|f]
kg]{ lhTg g;lsg] . b'1o {] lj) [;+)] ;lhnf]l;t hfGg jf a'g g;lsg] d'l:snn] dfq hflg
g] b'af]{w . b'bd { lj) [;+)] != d'l:snn] dfq bdg jf jz ug{ ;lsg] . @= k|an k|r08
. > b'bd { g gf) != d'l:sn;Fu ulg] bdg sl7gl;t ulg] lgoGq0f . lj) @= b'b{d b'b{dgLo .
b'bd { gLo lj) d'l:snn] dfq bdg ug{ jf jzdf Nofpg
620

;lsg] b'bd { . b'bD { o lj) ;lhnf] pkfon] bdg ug{ g;lsg] b'b{dg . b'bz { f gf) [;+)]
cfkt\ljkt\ k]sf] cj:yf vfa xfnt b'u{lt . b'lb{g gf) [;+)] != vfa jf gfd|f] lbg bzf
sf] lbg . @= afbn nfu]sf] lbg w'Dd k]sf] lbg . #= emLafbn jiff{ . $= ljkTsfn cfklQsf]
;do . b'bl {[ i6 gf) [;+)] != vfa b[li6 gfd|f] x]fO . @= senf] lrtfpg] sfd . b'b/ {'
lj)af])x]) b'/b'/ . b'bj {} gf) [;+)] != b'ef{Uo cefUo . @= vfa lbg sa]nf . b'wi { f
{ lj) [;+)] != ;lhn}l;t jzdf ug{ g;lsg] b'h]{o . b'gf{d gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] lx;fan]
rn]sf] gfd sVoflt ckjfb abgfdL . lj) @= vfa gfd ePsf] abgfd . > b'gf{dL lj) b'gf{d e
] sVoft abgfd . b'lg{ux | lj) [;+)] b'Mvn] dfq jzdf Nofpg ;lsg] ;lhn};u F jzdf Nofpg
g;lsg] cbDo . b'lg{ldQ gf) [;+)] snIf0fsf] k"j; {
\st ] cnlR5g ckzsg . b'lg{jfb'
lj) [;+)] !=;lhn} x6fpg g;lsg] . @= geO{ g5f8\g] cjZoDefjL . b'gL{lt gf) [;+)] !=
lgGbgLo tyf vfa gLlt sgLlt . @= gLltlj?4 cfr0f cgfrf . b'aR { rf gf) Ps k|sfsf] g]k
xgf . b'an { lj) [;+)] != an gePsf] lgwf]{ zlQmxLg sdhf]/ . @= b'Anf] kftnf] Vofp6]
;s6] . #= lzlyn un]sf] . tf gf) b'a{n x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . b'al {' 4 lj) [;+)] !=
vfa jf xLga'l4 ePsf] a'l4 lau|]sf] a'l4 gePsf] xLga'l4 . gf) @= gfd|f] a'l4 sa'l4, s
. b'af]{w lj) [;+)] ;lhn};Fu a'g g;lsg] b'1]{o sl7g . b'ef{lugL lj) [b'ef{uLOgL] efUo
lau|]sL ceflugL . b'ef{uL lj) [;+) b'e{u] efUo lau|]sf] pN6f] cfkb\sf] kll:yltdf k]s
] cefuL sd{vf]6L . b'ef{Uo gf) [;+)] gfd|f] efUo k|ltsn efUo jf l:ylt b'MvL sd{ . b'
jb'ef{jgf gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] efj vfa efjgf . @= t'R5 ljrf gfd|f] ;f]rfO . > b'ef{J
dgn] l56} lrtfpg jf sNkgf ug{ g;lsg] . b'le{If gf) [;+)] sYo) b'le{R5] . vfB j:t'
sf] cefj jf ;
\s6 csfn clgsfn . b'eB {] lj) [;+)] != ;lhn} l5rf]Ng, 5]8\g, kmf]g{ jf
e]bg \ sl7g kg]{ . @= ;lhn} kf kfpg g;lsg] . #= alnof] dha't b[9 . b'dl { t gf) [;+
)] != vfa a'l4 b'a'{l4 . @= ;f7L ;+T;dWo]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
621

b'dg { fb'nfn OR5f . b'jf{;f gf) [;+)] != k'f0fk|l;4 qmf]wL :jefjsf Ps Clif . lj) @
= cToGt l;fpg] :jefj ePsf] l;fxf . b'lj{gLt lj) [ ;+)] != ljgo gePsf] gd|tf gePsf] cl
gLt . @= lh2Ljfn x7L . b'lj{kfs gf) [;+)] != vfa kl0ffd skl0ffd b'ikl0ffd . @= vf
lrtfPsf] sfd . #= b'ef{Uo . b'jQ {[ lj) [;+)] != gfd|f] rfnrng ePsf] b'frfL b'Zrlq
f) @= lgGbgLo rfnrng vfa cfr0f . ~ ;"rL gf) != sfg'gL kn] aft nfu]sf JolQmsf] jf cg}l
ts sfo{ u]afkt ;'Iffsf b[li6n] tof ulPsf] gfdsf] ;"rL sVoftxsf] gfdfjnL . @= ;hfo kf
ckfwLxsf] gfd, ;hfo ef]u]sf] ;do cflb pNn]v ulPsf] ;"rL . >b'jl {[ Q != vfa j[lQ jf
k];f gfd|f] jf cg}lts cfr0f . @= sk6k"0f{ Jojxf wf]sf 5n . b'jl {[ i6 gf) [;+)] cgfj
6 csfn ;'Svf . b'Jo{j:yf gf) [;+)] vfa jf gfd|f] Joj:yf sk|aGw cJoj:yf . b'Jo{jxf
] != vfa rfnrng cg'lrt tyf ceb| Jojxf . @= gfd|f] sfsfgL . b'Jo{;g gf) [;+)] != ;fdf
b[li6n] gfd|f] dflgPsf] cfbt gfd|f] cfgLafgL snt . @= dlbf, dB, h'jf cflbdf nuftf k
[ x'g] afgL . >b'Jo{;gL lj) b'Jo{;gdf nfu]sf] sntdf k]sf] . b'b { \ b'b { o lj) [;
= vf]6f] jf vfa x[bo ePsf] sl6n :jefjsf] sk6L b'i6fTdf b'fTdf . gf) @= ljf]wL jf zq
'nxf gf) [;+) b'n{e] != ev{} lax] ePsf] jf l56} lax] x'g] j a]x'nf] b'nfxf . @= klt n
]Ug] kf]O . hL gf) != ;DkGg JolQmxn] cfgL 5f]L laxf uL lbgnfO{ 6f9faf6 lemsfPsf] j
8f]nfhL . @= 3HjfOF . > b'nxL gf) != sGofbfgsf lglDt ljlwk"js { d08kdf NofOPsL sGo
f a]x'nL . @= efO, 5f]f, elthf cflbsL kTgL a'xfL . #= >LdtL :jf:gL hxfg . b'nxf] gf)
nxf . b'nfg gf) [ b'fg] != b'nxL leofPkl5 e]lnkN6kl;{kN6 jf ;f]x| lbgleq sg} lbg b'nx
L b'nfxfsf ;fy dfOt hfg] sfd ;f]x|lbg] ;fOt . @= gofF b'nxL -ljjfxdf dfq ;Lldt _
. b'nfn gf) [;+)bf]nog\] != otfplt xNng] jf e'mNg] sfd 3'dfO . @= Ps k|sfsf] rDkf k
"mn . #= g]kfnLxsf] Ps y . 3f6 gf) sfe|] l;Gw' lhNnfsf] aLrdf ;'gsf];L OGb|fjtLsf]
;
\ud ePsf] 7fpF bf]nfn3f6 . > b'nfn]Zj gf) ;f]xL 7fpFdf x]sf k|ltjif{ df3] ;
\qmflGtsf
lbg 7"nf]

Ps . lj) #= vfa a'l4 ePsf] xLga'l4 . $= :jfF7 d"v{ . b'dg { f lj) [;+)] != sfnf] dgk
]6 ePsf] sk6L . @= lbSbfLn] dg ;tfPsf] lvGg pbf; . b'dG { q0ff gf) [;+)] csf{sf] xflg
gf]S;fgL ug]{ ;Nnfx vfa ;Nnfx . b'd { 0f gf) [;+)] b'36 { gfaf6 x'g] d[To' csfnd} ePs
f] d[To' . b'd{lNnsf gf) [;+)] kssf ljleGg e]bdWo] k|wfg rf c
\sdf n]lvPsf] Ps ks . b'
v {' lj) [;+)] != gfd|f] cg'xf ePsf] sk . @= dgdf lag] sf af]Ng] aemf}6] d'vfn]
f) # ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps . $= u'Ktr hf;'; . >b'dv {' f lj) != gfd|f] af]nLarg ePsf] sj
af]Ng] . @= d'vfn] krd'vf . #= emu8fn' . $= gfd|f] cg'xfsf] skf . b'd'{x"t{ gf) [;+
cz'e d'x"t{ jf vfa a]nf s;fOt . b'dw {] f lj) [;+)] a'l4 gePsf] d"v{ dGba'l4 . b'oz {
gf) [;+)] b'gf{d ckh; abgfdL b'isLlt{ . b'of]u { gf) [;+)] fd|f] nIf0f gePsf] of]u v
of]u s;fOt . b'of]{wg lj) [;+)] != 7"n7"nf o'4df klg w}o{ tyf ;fx;;fy n8\g] . @= c
h]o . gf) #= dxfeftk|l;4 tyf dxfefts} o'4df dflg] s?j+zLo Ps fhf Pj+ w[tfi6sf h]7f 5
. b'nI { o lj) [;+)] != d'l:snn] dfq b]lvg] an}n] 7DofOg] k|foM cb[Zo . gf) @= ghft
L tyf gfd|f] nIo jf p2]Zo slgot . b'n
{ \ o lj) [;+)] d'l:snn] dfq n
\3g jf cltqmd0f
{ ;lsg] ;lhn};Fu gfg g;lsg] cn
\o . b'ne { lj) [;+)] ;lhn}l;t gkfOg] l;ltldlt kfpg g
g] b'ik|fKo -j:t', d'b|f, u|Gy O)_ . ~d'bf | gf) k|fKt ug{ ufx|f] kg]{ ax'd"No d'
b|f ck|fKo d'b|f . b'jr { g gf) [;+)] != dgdf Rjf:; lag] af]nL jf jrg s6'jrg . @= ;fk
ufnL . b'j{0f{ gf) [;+)] != vfa jf gfd|f] cIf . @= rfFbL . lj) #= Zj]tsi7 ePsf] . $=
vfa
\uf]ugsf] . b'jx { lj) [;+)] != af]Sg d'l:sn kg]{ Hofb} ux|f}F . @= ;xg g;lsg]
o b'M;x . b'jf{Ro lj) [;+)] != d'vaf6 pRrf0f ug{ gx'g] af]Ng gx'g] sjfRo . @= lgi7'
. gf) #= vfa af]nL b'j{rg . $= ;fk ufnL . b'jf{t gf) [;+)] lr;f] cflbsf] sf0faf6 jft
kt eP pTkGg x'g] Ps k|sfsf] f]u cf
cl7
\u zLsf hf]gL{df kL8f ufpg] vfa afyf]u .
+)] != dfgl;s sjf;gf gfd|f] dgf]efjgf dgsf] vfa k|j[lQ vfa jf;gf . @= dgdf u8] a;]s
jifoef]u;DaGwL ;+:sf s;+:sf . #= k"0f{ gx'g] dgsf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65

b'nf]b'l:ylt d]nf nfUg] dxfb]j . b'nf] gf) [;+) f] != sg} 7fpFdf k]sf] l5b| sf7, afF
flb sg} klg j:t'df k]sf] 6f]8\sf] Kjfn . @= kxf8 jf sg} efudf k]sf], dflg; k:g ;Sg] K
jfn ;'?
u'kmf . #= e8\vff] 8f}F8ff] . b'jGgL gf) [b'O{cfgfO{] b'O{ cfgfsf] ;d'bfo
b'jf gf) [b'O { pjf] != tf;, ulGhkmf cflb v]nsf ;fwgsf] b'O{ k'mL ePsf] kQL jf rSs
L b'SsL . @= kf;f, kRrL; cflbsf v]ndf b'O{ kf]6sf] bfp . b'jfn gf) != t]n xfNg] sf
7sf] 7"nf] efF8f] ulof] . @= g]jf hfltsf] Ps y . ' ofPsf] b'jfnLb'jfnf] gf) [b'jfnO{
!= Psf]xf]ofO{ ;fF3 vf]nfsf] d'xfgdf df5f cNemfpg yflkg] Ps k|sfsf] kf;f] 7"nf] vfn
sf] 9l8of . @= df5f dfg{ jf hfn yfKg agfOPsf] vf]nfsf] ;fF3'f] d'xfgdf ufl8g] 5]s
f jf af . b'j } lqm) lj) [b'O { P]] != b'O6f g} b'Oj { 6} b'O6f dfq . lj) @= uGtLsf q
mddf hf]8 lbFbf b'O{ ;
\Vofdf kg]{ ;f] ;
\Vofsf] . b'jf] gf) [k|f) b'O] b08Llaof]sf] v
]ndf b'O{nfO{ a'emfpg] zAb . b'Zrltb'Zrlq gf) [;+)] != vfa rlq gfd|f] cfr0f b'fr
{ kfk . lj) #= gfd|f] rlq jf cfr0f ePsf] rlqxLg rlqe|i6 . :qL) b'Zrlqf . b'lZrlsT:
;+)] ;lhnf]l;t cf}ifwL pkrf ug{ g;lsg] cf}ifwLd"nf] ug{ ufx|f] kg]{ -f]u, cj:yf cfl
b_ . b'Zr]i6f gf) [;+)] != sr]i6f vfa r]i6f . @= c;fWo ladfLsf f]uLxdf b]lvg] snIf0
'ZzLn lj) [;+)] gfd|f] :jefj ePsf] b'i6 :jefjsf] . b'is lj) [;+)] != si6;Fu dfq ug{ ;
lsg] b'Mv;fWo si6;fWo . gf) @= ;lhnf]l;t ug{ g;lsg] sfd sl7g jf si6;fWo sfo{ . b'is
d{ gf) [;+)] != vfa jf lgGbgLo sfd slT;t sd{ ssd{ . @= ckfw kfk . > b'isdf{b'isdL{
sd{ ug]{ ssdL{ . @= ckfwL kfkL . b'isfn gf) [;+)] != vfa jf gfd|f] ;do sofd . @= c
b'le{If . #= k|no . b'isLlt{ gf) [;+)] gfd|f] sLlt{ckh; sVoflt abgfdL . b'is'n gf) [
] != lgDg sn t'R5 3fgf . lj) @= lgDg snsf] t'R5 3fgfsf] . > b'is'nLg lj) t'R5 3fgfs
g snsf] . b'is[t gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] jf vfa sfd b'isd{ . @= kfk ckfw . > b'is[lt gf
ckfw kfk . b'is[tL lj) != gfd|f] sfd ug]{ ssdL{ . @= b'isdL{ . #= kfkL ckfwL . b'is
) != vfa sfd b'isd{ ssd{ . @= ckfw
622

kfk . b'iqmd gf) [;+)] != cg'lrt jf sl7g qmd . @= ;flxTodf cy{;DaGwL bf]if dflgg]
qmdsf] pk]Iff . tf gf) sfdf qmd gldNbf] x'Fbf cy{bf]if x'g] efj jf cj:yf . b'i6 lj)
[;+)] != csf{nfO{ b'Mv lbg] :jefj ePsf] b'h{g . @= bf]ifo'Qm bf]ifL . #= 5'Rrf] b'
R5 . $= bf]if ePsf] b"lift la6'nf] . ~ r]tf lj) b'i6 :jefjsf] cz'elrGts b'hg { . tf
!= b'i6 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf b'i6fOF . @= 5f]6f]kg If'b|tf . kg gf) b'i6tf . ~ a'l4
lj) csf{sf] senf] lrtfpg] a'l4 ePsf] vfa :jefjsf] . >b'i6f lj) != -b'i6sf] :qLk_ b'i6
:jefj ePsL . @= j]Zof sn6f c;tL . b'i6frf gf) [;+)] vfa cfr0f gfd|f] afgLa]xf]f
rfL lj) b'i6frf ePsf] b'frfL . b'i6fTdf lj) [;+)] b'i6 cfTdf ePsf] vfa :jefjsf] b
i6fO gf) [b'i6ofOF] b'i6 x'gfsf] efj, :jefj jf cj:yf b'i6tf . b'ikz{ lj) [;+)] != 5'g
d'l:sn kg]{ 5f]Og;lsg] . @= l56} gkfOg] b'ik|fKo . >b'ikzf{ gf) 5'Fbf 3f]Rg] jf kf]
Ng] emf l;:gf] . @= sfp5f] laxLF . b'ik|s[lt gf) [;+)] != vfa k|sl[ t jf :jefj b'ik|j
[ Q b'i6 :jefj . @= b'Zrlq gfd||f] cfr0f . lj) #= gfd|f] cfgLafgL ePsf] vfa k|s[lts
b'ik|efj gf) [;+)] gfd|f] k|efj . b'ik|of; gf) [;+)] vfa k|of; gfd|f] ;fx; b':;fx; .
ik|jl [ Q gf) [;+)] != gfd|f] jf vfa :jefj b'ik|s[lt . lj) @= vfa :jefj ePsf] gfd|f]
xf]f ePsf] gLr k|jl[ Qsf] . b'ik|fKo lj) [;+)] != ;lhn} kfpg g;lsg] . @= d'l:snn] d
fq kfOg] b'n{e . b'ik|]Io lj) [;+)] != ;lhn}l;t x]g{ jf b]Vg g;lsg] cbz{gLo . @= x]
g}{ g;lsg] x]g{ ufx|f] kg]{ . #= Ps 6sn] x]g{ g;lsg] l:y b[li6 gePsf] . $= x]b}{df
8 nfUg] eLif0f eo
\s . b'ioGt gf) [;+)] k'?j+zsf k'f0fk|l;4 Ps fhf cle1fg zfsGtnd
s zsGtnfsf klt . b';fw gf) [;+)] != vfa :jefj ePsf] b'h{g b'i6 . @= e"tk|]t lkzfr .
g]kfnsf] tfO{ If]qdf xg] Ps hflt . b':t lj) [;+)] != d'l:sn;Fu tg{ ;lsg] tg{ ufx|f] k
g]{ . @= tg{ g;lsg] kf kfpg sl7g . b':tfHo lj) [;+)] Tofu ug{ g;lsg] 5f8\g gx'g] . b
'l:ylt gf) [;+)] nyfln
\u eP lau|]sf] xfnt vfa cj:yf .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
623

b':dgb"w] cj:yf . b"tfjf; gf) sg} b]zdf cGo b]zsf fhb"t, jfl0fHob"t cflb clwsfLx xg]
pF fhb"tsf] cfjf; jf sfof{no . b"ltsfb"tL gf) [;+)] != b"tsf] sfd ug]{ gfL b"tL . @=
flxTodf, k|d ] Lk|l] dsfsf ;Gb]z jf lr7Lkqx cf]xf]bf]xf] kfg]{ :qL s6g ' L. b"w gf) [
+) b'Uw] != :tgkfoL k|f0fLsf :qLhfltsf :tgaf6 aRrfnfO{ v'jfpg lg:sg] ;]tf] jf xN
sf kx]n F f]
sf] kf}li6s tn kbfy{ b'Uw cf]ng . @= :qLhfltsf 5ftLdf x'g] b'O{ df+;lk08
sr :tg . #= k'?ifhfltsf To:t} cjoj . $= a:t'efpsf] b"w xg] kmfFrf] sNrf}F8f] To; kmfF
rf]af6 cfpg] ;]tf] tn kbfy{ . %= kmnk"mn vkftaf6 cfpg] ;]tf] tn kbfy{ rf]k . ~ s6'jf
lj) cfdfsf] b"w kof{Kt ;do;Dd vfg gkfPsf] sf0fjz b"w vfgaf6 jl~rt ePsf] -afns_ . ~
sdn gf) b"wh:t} ;]tf] x'g] vdf k'mNg] Ps yL k"mn . ~ s]j f gf) ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg]
hftsf] s]jFf ;]tf] s]jFfsf] k"mn . ~ sf];L gf) g]kfnsf] k"jf]Q { e]udf kg]{ dxfn
\u
xdfnoaf6 lg:sL ;'gsf];Ldf ldNg] Ps gbL ;Ktsf];LdWo] Ps . ~ v'jf gf) gf}gL lemls;s]
kl5 km6fP agfOPsf] b"wsf] kbfy{ 5'kL{ b'vf{ . ~ uGws gf) ;]tf]
sf] uGws . ~ ufef] gf
sbd} ;]tf] u'ef x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ufef] . bfgL gf) b"wsf] d'G6fsf] cfsfsf] Knfl:6s jf
l;;Lsf] Psfkl d'G6f] nufO{ afnsnfO{ b"w v'jfpg] efF8f] . ~ kf]vL gf) g]kfnsf] dWok
lZrd efusf] r]k] gbLsf] lzdf kg]{ hg}kl" 0f{dfsf lbg d]nf nfUg] Ps tLy{ b"ws08 . aL
f) b"waf6 agfOg], 8Nnf ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] ;bf ld7fO{ . ~ d'vfd'v ] lj) cfdfsf] b"w vfFb
} u]sf] b"w g5'6s ] f] b"w] -afns_ . fh gf) != f]k]sf] gAa]b]lv ;o lbgsf aLrdf kfSg
Psbd} ;]tf] rfdn x'g] Ps hftsf] wfg . @= 6fpsf] sfnf], zL ;]tf] sNsLh:tf] nfdf] k'
R5 x'g] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~ ln
\u gf) Pp6} b"w vfg] cfdfsf lbbLalxgLklsf ;Gtfg efGhfefGh
. b"w] lj) [b"wP] != b"w;DaGwL b"waf6 tof ePsf] b"wh:tf] . @= b"w vfg] b"wd'v] -afns
. gf) #= ;]n ksfpFbf df]6f] kfg{ lk7f]df ; ld;fOg] Ps yL af]6 . $= b"w cfpg] v . %
= kmfksf h:t} t tLg v08df 5'lg] bfgf nfUg], af6'nf kft x'g], kft 8fFVnf efFRbf b"w
lg:sg], a:t'n] 3fF; vfg] Ps emf e'OFb'lwnf] . ~ cfGb|f] gf) vfPsf] b"w kfs:ynLdf hf
g] cfGb|f] Hofb} gfh's sf]dn cfGb|f] . ~ cf]7 gf) slnnf], gd cf]7 . ~ ss{nf] gf) xlo
]kx]n F f] kft gd ;]tf 8fF7 xg,] gsf]Sofpg] Ps hftsf] ss{nf] . ~ vL gf) b"whlQs} ;]
tf] xg] Ps

b:dg gf) [kmf) bZdg] zq cldq cl j}L . > b:dgL gf) b:dg xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf zq
fj . b:;x lj) [;+)] != sl7g;Fu ;xg ;lsg] . @= ;xg g;lsg] c;Xo . b:;fx; gf) [;+)]
!= vfa sfddf k|jQ [ xg] cfF6 bik|of; . lj) @= gfd|f] cfF6 ePsf] . jfb gf) zqkIfsf
] 7"nf] zlQmnfO{ cfFSt} gcfFsL cfgf] ;fgf] zlQm ;fdfGo tofLn] g} lhTg vf]Hg] cfF6
jf ljrf . jfbL lj) b:;fx;jfbsf] cgofoL b:;fx;L . > b:;fx;L lj) b:;fx; ug]{ . b
xfO gf) [ bx - cfO_] bxg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] bxfOg s) lqm) bxg nfOg
. bxfO{ lj) af]) [;+) l cfXjfo] != sg} ladfL x6fpg emfkms ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb bf
f] . @= ;\s6df k]sf a]nfdf Iffsf lglDt cnfO{ af]nfpg] zAb uxf . #= bMvsf a]nfdf st}
f6 ;xfotf kfpg bLgtfk"j{s ulg] ofrgf . bxfpg k|]) lqm) [bx cfp g] bxg nfpg bx
g] kfg{ . blxtf gf) [;+)] != 5f]L . @= ljjfx d08kdf a]xnfa]xnLn] kf;f v]Nbf pg
Lxsf] lzdfly 9fsL nfjf, k"mn, cIftf cflb xfn] rnfOg] sk8f . blxg s) lqm) [bx O g]
xg] sfd ulg ufO{a:tsf] yg lgrf]] b"w lgsflng . bx  g ;) lqm) [;+) bx g] !=
O{e}F;L cflbsf] yg lgrf]L b"w lgsfNg a:tefpaf6 b"w lemSg . @= sf] wTg dg rf]g{
. #= afl6Psf] wfuf] jf 8f]L cflbsf kf]of 5fpg xftn] ;]Kg lvKg . $=sg} j:t l;Q}F
kmTsfP lng . >bxj  f lj) != dgsf sf wTg ;Sg] . @= bx ] lng] bxg  ] vfnsf] . b
xg  L lj) [;+) bf]xgL] != b"w lbOx]sf] gyfs]sf] laofPsf] n}gf] -ufO{e}F;L_ . gf) @=
b"w cf]ng . bxgf] lj) [;+) bf]xg] != b"w lbg] n}gf] -ufO{, e}F;L cflb_ bxg  L. b
"t gf) [;+)] !=va jf ;Gb]z cf]xf]bf]xf] ug]{ JolQm ljdiofy{, ldtfy{ zf;gxfs gfdsf t
b"tdWo] sg} Ps ;Gb]zjfxs r . @= fhgLlts sfo{sf lglDt Ps b]zaf6 csf{ b]zdf uP a;L s6g
s sfd ug]{ k|ltlglw fhgLlts k|ltlglw fhb"t . #= k|d ] Lk|l] dsfsf] ;Gb]z Nofpg] jf n
fg] kfq . $= otfsf] sf ptf ptfsf] sf otf nufO{ emu8f kfg]{ JolQm 5Nofxf . %= sg;Tn
] nfu] uf]Ko sf k]mnf kfg]{ JolQm uKtr . ^=gf6ssf gfossf] ;Gb]zjfxs gf6ssf gfossf] P
lsl;dsf] ;xfos . > b"ts gf) != k|frLg sfndf fhfdxffhfsf cf1f tyf ;Gb]zx hgtfdf k|rf
ug]{ JolQm -sd{rfL_ . @= b"t . b"tTj gf) b"tn] ugk { g]{ sfd b"t xgfsf] sfd, efj
jf

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

b"gb"lifsf hftsf] vL 9u \ f] . ~ ufnf gf) cfdf jf wfO{cfdfsf] b"w r;] k df]6fPsf]
fnf slnnf] ufnf . ~ 3f; gf) b"w] b'UwL . ~ Rofp gf) k|foM vdf pld|g] kx]n F f] k'm;

sf] vfg x'g] Ps hftsf] Rofp . ~ emf gf) != jlkl sf}FtLsf] h:tf] wf ePsf v;|f kft x
;]tf u'R5fsf k"mn k'mNg], xlof
sf dl;gf kmn kmNg], 8fFVnf kft r'l8Fbf b"w cfpg] Ps h
ftsf] emf e'OFb'lwnf] b"w] . @= kLknsf h:tf dl;gf kft lrNnf 8fF7 x'g], ftf, ;]tf k"m
n k'mNg], gfn'sf h:tf bfgf nfUg] r'l8Fbf b"w cfpg] Ps av]{ emf tLt]emf . ~ lk8fn' gf
sfFr} vfFbf klg gsf]Sofpg] Ps hftsf] lkF8fn' . ~ afns gf) cfdfsf] b"w r':g] cj:y
fsf] afns . ~ lafnL gf) labfL sGbsf hftsf], rf]k lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf] nxf] To:t} nxfsf]
b labfLsGb . ~ efO cfk"mnfO{ b"w v'jfpg] wfO{sf] 5f]f] a'as " f] 5f]f] b"wsf gftfsf]
O . ~ d?O{ gf) nfDrf cfsfsf 7"n7"nf kft x'g], ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] b"w lg:sg], nfDrf
kmn nfUg] Ps nxf] ;f]xL nxfsf] kmn df]6 . ~ nxf] gf) nfDrf, xlof kft x'g] ;]tf hfts
mn k'mNg], b"w lg:sg], cfo'j]{bcg';f si7, hf], k|b cflb f]udf lxt ug]{, sfnf] ;]tf]
'O{ e]b ePsf], Ps hftsf] nxf] To;}sf] kmn . b"g gf) x]) b'g . b"af] gf) x]) b'af] .
b" lj) [;+)] != b]z, sfn, :yfg, ;DaGw cflbsf b[li6n] sg} lglZrt j:t', laGb', JolQm
cflbeGbf w]} cGt ePsf] lgs} ksf] 6f9fsf] . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] cGt jf kmsdf lgs} k
x'g] uL 6f9f k/ . ufdL lj) 6f9f;Dd hfg] w]} k k'Ug] . > b"
\udf gf) af}4 wd{sf c
d qof]bze"ldsf] ;ftf}F e"ld . ~ lrq gf) ljB'ts \ f ;xfotfn] b" Ldf k| : t' t ulg]
lrq jf k| l ts[ l t 6]lnkmf]6f]u|fkm_ . tfTj gf) b" x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf b"L . ~ bz{
gf) != ljfg\ kl08t . lj) @= b"b[li6 ePsf] b"bzL{ . #= kl5 cfpg] kl0ffdsf] ljrf k'of
$= a'l4dfg\ . ~ bz{s oGq gf) 6f9f;Ddsf] j:t'nfO{ b]vfpg] oGq b"aLg b"jLIfs . ~ bz{g
f) != 6f9f;Dd b[li6 k'ofpg] jf ToxfFsf b[Zox cjnf]sg ug]{ sfd . @= kl5;Ddsf sfsf] ;f
]rfO jf ;DemfO . #= lah'nLsf] oGqff 6f9fsf] j:t', b[Zo, sfo{qmd cflbnfO{ k|blz{t u
g]{ sfd . $= To:tf] sfo{qmdsf] k|bz{g ug]{ oGq af]Ng], ufpg] JolQmxsf] :j ;'Gg'sf ;
fy;fy} pgLxsf] cg'xf tyf xfpefp klg b]lvg] ]l8of]sf 9fFrfsf] Ps j}1flgs pks0f 6]lnleh
g . ~ blz{tf gf) != b"bzL{ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= w]} kl5 x'g] sfsf] ljrf ug]{ u'0
jf zlQm .
624

bzL{ lj) != w]} kl5;Dd x'g] sfsf] ljrf k'ofpg] eljiolrGts . gf) @= kl08t ljfg\ .
!= sg} j:t' jf cj:yfb]lv 8fP k efUg] sfd jf cj:yf . @= wf]sf kfP jf cGo sg} sf0fjz
tf] sfd k]ml gug]{ lx;fan] ulg] k|lt1f r]t] xf]; k'ofpg] sfd sfon r]tafaf sfzL . lj)
8fPsf] eoeLt . $= sfon ePsf] . ~ b[li6 gf) eljiosf sfsf] ljrf ug]{ u'0f jf zlQm b"
f . ~ lgLIfs gf) b"lag . lag gf) 6f9f x]sf j:t'nfO{ glhs} ePh:t} uL :ki6 7"nf] kf
g] oGq b"jLIf0f b"lgLIfs . efif gf) 6f9f af]ns ] f] sfnfO{ ;'gfpg] oGq cfsfzjf0f
fsf] tf . ~ d'b0 | f gf) sg} 7fpFaf6 6fOk ubf{ ljB'tz \ lQmsf] ;xfotfn] 6f9fsf] csf]
{ 7fpFdf cfkm} 6fOk x'g] k|lqmof 6]lnlk|lG6
. ~ d'b0 | f oGq gf) To:tf] cfkm}F 6fOk
x'g] oGq 6]lnlk|G6 . jtL{ lj) w]} 6f9f kg]{ 6f9f x]sf] b":y . ~ jf0fL gf) b"ef
. jLIf0f gf) != 6f9fsf] j:t'nfO{ x]g]{ oGq b"aLg . @= 6f9f;Dd b]Vg] sfd . JofkL lj
!= b" 7fpF;Dd k|efljt xg] . @= w]} kl5;Dd c;/ /lx/xg] . ~ ;~rf/ lj) w]/} 6f9f6f9f;D
d ;dfrf, ;"rgf cflb cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ Ps 7fpFb]lv csf{ 7fpFdf va;dfrf cflb k'ofpg] -lqm
ofk|lqmof cflb_ . ~ ;~rf ;]jf gf) 6f9f6f9f;Ddsf nflu ;dfrf, ;"rgf cflbsf] cfbfgk|bfg
sf] sfo{ ulg] ;]jf . :yl:yt lj) 6f9f x]sf] k} x]sf] b"jtL{ . b"fut lj) w]} 6f
]zaf6 cfPsf] . b"fGjo gf) != ljz]if0f ljz]io, stf{ sd{ cflb pkoQm 7fpFdf gxL jk
cGjo ug{ cK7ff] xg] l:ylt . @= ;flxlTos rgfdf To:tf] lSni6tf pTkGg xg] Ps bf]if
. b"L gf) x]) b/L . b"jf{ gf) [;+)] baf] . > b"jf{i6dL gf) lxGb"xn] j|t a:g] efb| z
Sn ci6dLsf] lbg . b"ifs lj) [;+)] != cnfO{ bf]if nufpg] cdfly bf]if yf]kg]{ . @= cs
f{sf] lgGbf ug]{ lgGbs . gf) #= cdfly bf]ifff]k0f ug]{ JolQm bf]if nfpg] dflg; . $=
bi6 :jefjsf] JolQm . %= 3fp nfu]sf] 7fpFdf ksfpg] jf b"lift kfg]{ Ps k|sfsf] cf}
ifwL . b"if0f gf) [;)] != bf]if nfpg] lqmof jf efj bf]ifff]k0f . @= bf]ifoQm :jefj
bf]if . #= cju0f a}ug ghftLkg . $= fj0fsf efOxdWo] fdff k~rj6Ldf dflPsf] Ps efO .
if0fLo lj) != bf]if nufpg ;lsg] . @= bf]if lgsfNg ;lsg] . b"lifsf gf) [;+)] != cfF
vfsf sf];df hDg] dn sr]f lrk|f . @= lrq agfpg] srL .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
625

b"liftb[li6 k]sf] . @= k|sfzdfg rxlsnf] . b[ZofTds lj) [;+)] != b]lvg] tjx a9L ePsf]
Fvfn] u|x0f ug{kg]{ . @= b]vfOg] p2]Zo flvPsf] k|bz{gfTds -gf6s cflb_ . tf gf) b[Z
ofTds xgfsf] lqmof, efj jf l:ylt . b[ZofjnL gf) [;+)] b[Zoxsf] k\lQm k\lQma4 kdf b]l
g] b[Zo;d"x . b[Zof+z gf) [;+)] rnlrq cflbdf k|f;\lus b]lvg] t 5f]6f] c+z cleg]o j:t
sf] ;fgf] 6qmf] . b[i6 lj) [;+)] != cfFvf cufl8 k]sf] b]lvPsf] . @= hflgPsf] 1fg u
lPsf] . #= 5n{\u ePsf] k|ToIf . gf) $= cgej 1fg . %= bz{g cjnf]sg . ^= ;fIffTsf k|T
Ls0f . hf gf) g5g] ePsL s]6L h:jnf ePsL sGof . jt\ lj) != b]lvPafasf] k|ToIf e
= nf}lss ;f+;fls . b[i6fGt gf) [;+)] != k|;\udf cfPsf ljifoj:tnfO{ 5n{\Uofpg] ljifo
jf jfSo k|:tt ulg] pbfx0f . @= pkdfg pkd]osf wd{xdf ;fb[Zo ePsf v08df kg]{ Ps cn\sf
b[i6fy{ lj) [;+)] != ;a}n] ;Demg], ag] uL cy{ :ki6 ePsf] ;lhn}l;t dfg] nfUg] . @=
Jofjxfls rngdf cfPsf] . b[li6 gf) [;+)] != x]] 1fg k|fKt ulg] jf hflgg]alemg] efj,
Q jf zlQm x]g]{ sfd x]fO cjnf]sg . @= x]g]{ OlGb|o cfFvf gog g]q . #= sg} sfd jf Jo
tsf] ;f]2]Zo ljrf jf fo . $= sg} sf kfpg] nfn;fn] x]g]{ sfd nf]nk  x]fO . %= nf]swf
g;f af]S;LljBf hfg]sf cfOdfO{sf] 8fOgL cflbsf] x]fO sb[li6 . ^= b[li6aGws b[li6aGws
-td;s_ . &= jf:t jf d"lt{snfsf cg;f ;ft dfqfafasf] gfk ;ft c\unafasf] gfk . s
f) != sg} klg ljifoj:tsf af]df ljz]if kn] x]g{] jf ;f]Rg] klkf6L ljrf jf ljj]rgf ug]
9\u . @= sg} ljifosf ;DaGwdf k|ltkflbt s;}sf] dt cfg} dgg tyf cfTdlgZrosf ;fy ulPsf]
fo . #= x]g]{ cyf{t\ 7Dofpg] 9\u x]fO . ut gf) != b[li6df cfPsf] b]vf k]sf] b]lv
@= cfFvfs} cl3lNtsf] cfFvfs} ;fdsf] . ~ uf]r lj) != cfFvfn] g} b]v]sf] b[li6ut . @=
;fdGg]sf] ;fIffTsf ePsf] k|ToIf . bf]if gf) != bf]ifk"0f{ x]fO b[li6sf] e"n . @= c
wfgL jf xtfsf sf0fn] n]Vg]k9\g] jf sg} sfd ug]{ sfdf xg] lafd . ~ ky gf) != cfFvfc
b]lvPhlt 7fpF cfFvfcufl8sf] If]q . @= b[li6sf] k}mnfj6 . kft gf) gh nufpg] sfd cfFvf
n] 7Dofpg] sfd x]g]{ sfd . ~ aGwsaGwsL gf) sg} crn ;DklQ lwtf] fvL OR5fdflkmssf] Aofh
lbg san uL olt

b"lift lj) [;+)] != bf]if ePsf] bf]ifoQm bf]ifL . @= vfa ghftL lglGbt . ~ wjf gf)
fLsf :jf:YonfO{ c; ug]{ ljiffQm w"jfF . ~ afkm gf) k|f0fLxsf :jf:YonfO{ xflg ug]{ v
fnsf] ljiffQm afkm . ~ ljZjf; gf) g[tjzf:qsf cg';f clerfsf] efjgfn] k|l] t eP/ ulPsf]
ljZjf; jf cf:yf . ~ xfjf gf) k|f0fLxsf :jf:YonfO{ xflg ug]{ b"lift jfo' ljiffQm xfj
f . b[s \ gf) [;+)] != cfFvf gh . @= x]g{] sfd x]fO . #= 1fg . ky gf) b[li6ky . > b
f]r lj) cfFvfcufl8 k]sf] jf ;fd'Gg]sf] b[li6 k'u]sf] glhs}sf] . b[9 lj) [;+)] != leqL
jf aflxL sg} sf0fn] klg cfgf] :yfgaf6 9nkn gx'g] crn cl8u . @= alnof] bx|f] blx|nf]
#= w]} lbg;Dd c8\g] l6sfp vkfp . $= x]k]m gx'g] kms gkg]{ kSsf . %= cfgf] ljrfdf
4fGt l:y ePsf] . sdf{ lj) k"0f{ ljZjf; tyf l:ytfsf ;fy cfgf] sfddf nfUg] nIoaf6 ljrl
t gx'g] . tfTj gf) != b[9 x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . @= blx|nf]kg dha'tL . ~ lgZr
o gf) cfgf] ljrf jf l;4fGtdf cl8xg] cfgf] lgZroaf6 k gx6\g] . ~ k|lt1 lj) cfk"mn] a
] f sf k'ofpg] cfgf] k|lt1f jf jrgsf] kfngf ug]{ . j|tj|tL lj) cfgf] ;
\sNk jf dg
f sfdf b[9 xg] b[9k|lt1 . ~ ;lGw lj) k]ml g5'6\g] gk'mSng] uL hf]l8Psf] jf ldn]sf]
hf]gL{ ePsf] . b[lt gf) [;+)] != zLsf aflxkl cfj0fsf] kdf xg] j:t' rd{ 5fnf . @=
ag]sf] y}nf] jf efF8f] rd{kfq . #= ufO{uf]?sf unfdf e'mlG8Psf] 5fnfsf] kftnf] n's
{g dfn . b[Zo lj) [;+)] != x]g{ jf b]Vg ;lsg] b]lvg] rfIf'; -b[Zo hut\ jf b[Zo j:t'_
. @= 7Ls;Fu hfGg jf a'g ;lsg] 1]o :ki6 . #= x]g{ nfos bz{gLo dgf]x ;'Gb . gf) $=
] jf x]g{ of]Uo k|fs[lts jf lgld{t :yn, 36gf, kbfy{, j:t' cflb . %= bz{gLo :yfg
. ^= ;flxTodf, clego x'g ;Sg] jf x'g] rgf clego sfJo gf6s . &= gf6ssf] d~rgdf Ps c
\s
leq cl3Nnf] kbf{ v'n] k]ml ToxL kbf{ aGb geP;Ddsf] Ps c+z jf efu gf6sdf k|:t'tLs0fsf
] ;'ljwfsf b[li6n] 5'fOPsf sg} Ps 36gfsf] ljefu . *= cfFvfs} cufl8 ePsf] sg} tdf;f j
f dgf]~hs Jofkf . (= ul0ftdf c
\ssf] kdf lbOPsf] 1ft ;
\Vof . !)= lzIf0fsfo{df k|of]u u
lg] :nfO8, kf]:6 cflb ;fdu|L . ~ sfJo gf) sfJosf >Jo b[Zo b'O{ e]bdWo] clegoff k|:t'
ug{ ;lsg] Ps e]b cleg]o sfJo gf6s ks . dfg lj) != b]lvg] b]lvPsf] b[li6uf]r ePsf
f

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65

b]psLb]vf efsfleq ;fFjfAofh;d]t ga'emfPdf ;f] lwtf]af6 c;'npk ug"{ egL aGws fVtf n]
lvlbg] td;'s b[li6 . -o;df wgLsf gfddf hUufhldg lwtf] fv] klg ;f] lwtf] lgLn] g} rn
grNtL u]sf] x'G5 ._ ~ e|d gf) x]bf{ ePsf] e"n x]fOdf x'g uPsf] e|d b[li6bf]if . ~ ljI
f]k gf) != ss]{ cfFvfn] x]g]{ sfd s6fIfk"0f{ b[li6 jf 58\s] x]fO . @= b[li6kft . lj
Gb' gf) sg} s[ltdf ;dfVoftfsf] l:yltnfO{ hgfpg] d'VotM rlq, sfo{Jofkf, klj]z cflbsf]
pk:yfkg k4lt syge"ldsf . b]psL gf) [;+) b]jsL] cfhGd b]jtfsf] r]nLsf kdf ;dlk{t eP
sL gfL klZrd g]kfnsf 8f]6L a}t8Lltsf] k|rngcg';f b]pr]nLsf kdf cfhLjg cljjflxt xg] g
b]p3f6 gf) [;+) b]j3f6] lrtf}g lhNnfdf lqz"nL sfnLu08sL gbLsf] ;
\uddf x]sf] k|fs[l
ts Pj+ wfld{s :yn . b]pr]nL gf) [b]jr]nL] b]psL b]jsL . b]p8f gf) [b]j8f] != klZrd g
]kfnsf] nf]suLtdf rNg] uLtsf] Ps tfn b]pf b]pb'fBf}8f . @= ;
\uLtsf] k|sfsf] tfn ;
\
tfne]b . b]ptf gf) [;+) b]jtf] != b]jtf Bf}tf . @= ;Ddfg hgfpg] zAb -h:tf] afxgb]p
tf, fhfb]ptf O)_ . #= wfdLsf cfdf r9] sdfpg] s n fOg, agemfF q mL cflb . > b]pltgL g
f) :jf:gLdfG5]nfO{ lv:ofP k|of]u ulg] zAb Bf}ltgL . b]ptL gf) [b]ptf O{] != b]ptfsf] :
qLln\uL k b]jL Bf}tL . @= b]jtf -afnaf]nLdf_ Bf}tL . ~ dftf gf) != b]jL . @= h"g -afn
f]nLdf_ . b]p tLy{ gf) [;+) b]jtLy{] b]jtfsf] dlGb ePsf] 7fpF jf tLy{ k0o:yfg wfld{
s :yn wfd Bf}tLy{ . b]pt] lj) [b]ptf P] b]ptfnfO{ r9fpg efsn ulPsf] b]ptfnfO{ r9fPsf]
f 5fPsf] . ~ hfqf gf) b]pb]ptfsf] hfqf . ~ af]sf] gf) b]jtfnfO{ r9fpg efsn ulPsf] af
]sf] . b]pb/f gf)x]) b]p8f . b]p b]ptf gf) [;+) b]j b]jtf] ljleGg lsl;dsf b]jtfsf]
;d"x . b]plgufnf] gf) [;+) b]jgfn] lgufnfsf ljleGg e]bdWo] n]sdf xg] 7"nf] vfnsf
] lgufnf] Bf}lgufnf] . b]plgof gf) [a
\uf) b]clgofbftf] emfkf lhNnf o;sf 5]p5fpsf ugu
O{F, tfhk] fhj+zLxnfO{ k|of]u ulg] cfbjfrL zAb . :qL) b]plgofFgL . b]pdf gf) [;+)
dftf] xfF;v]n ug]{ t?0fL l;s ojtL
626

dfOnL l76L . b]pfgL gf) [b]jfgL] b]jsL kTgL b]jfgL Bf}fgL . h]7fgL gf) b]j / h
]pfgL h]7fgL . b]pfnL gf) [;+) b]jfnL] != kxf8sf] psfnf] l;l4g] 7fpF eGHof k]sf 7f
a6jfxn] b]jb]jLnfO{ ;Demg PsPs 9u \ f r9fpFb} hfFbf b]jnh:tf] ePsf] ykf | ] jgb]
jL Bf}fnL . @= yDsL jf eGHof k]sf] 7fpF jf 8fF8f] . ~ 8f8f] gf)!= b]pfnLh:tf] uL p
8fF8f] . @= b]pfnL ePsf] 8fF8f] . ~ kfvf] gf) b]pfnLsf jksf] kfvf] Bf}fnLsf] kfvf]
]pfxf gf) [yf=] yfhfltsf] snb]jtf . @= b]jtfsf] :yfg b]jfno . #= b]jtf k'Hg] sf]7f k
sf]7f . b]pl;L gf) [;+) b]jlif{] != b]jlif{ . @= g]kfnsf] ;'b " klZrdsf] kxf8L e]sl
t a:g] g]kfnLsf] Ps hflt . b]pnf! gf) [ b]j] nf]Ug]sf] efO b]j . b]pnf@ gf) [;+) b]j
s] kf]8] hfltnfO{ k'hfL egL ;Ddfg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . b]pn] lj) [b]pnP] b]pn;Fu ;D
lGwt b]jnsf] h:tf] . ~ Rofp gf) wldfsf] u'8 F af6 pd|g] nfDrf]nfDrf] cfsfsf] Ps yL Ro
p . b]pl;] gf) b]p;L e6fpg] kmfFsL e6fPkl5 d08nLsf cGo ;b:on] uf]n kdf eGg] af]nL b]p
L . b]p;] gf) b]p;L ufpg] jf v]Ng] JolQm b]p;L v]nsf d08nLsf] ;b:o . b]p;L gf) [;+)
b]j>L] != nIdLk"hfsf ef]lnkN6 kl;{kN6 cyf{t\ xnltxf efOltxfsf lbg a]n'sL e6fOg] uf
f b]pl;] Bf};L . @= To:tf] ufyf jf uLt ufpFb} dfUg] cfl;s lbg] sfd . b]SrL gf)x]) 8]
SrL . b]v\g ;) lqm) [;+) b[If0f] != b[li6zlQm jf cfFvfff sg} j:tsf] k\u, cfsfk|s
Zo cflbsf] 1fg kfpg cjnf]sg ug{ x]g{ . @= sfon xg r]Tg . #= cgdfg ug{ c8\sn
sf6\g ljrf ug{ 7fGg dfGg . -pbf) p;n] kl5 xg] sf klxn] g} b]v]sf] xG5 ._ b]v
b]v\ c, k|f) b]Svfx] b]lvg] b[i6 b[li6uf]r . ~ cb]v lj) b]lvg] gb]lvg] b]lvPsf] jf g
vPsf] . b]vtenL gf) [b]v \ e"n O{] != sg} j:t b]Vgf;fy cfk}mn F fO{ eNg] x]]sf]x]
xg] l:ylt OGb|hfn r6s hfbuL . @= hfne]mn 5nsk6 . b]v]v gf) [b]v\ Iff] ;Iffsf lg
ug]{ sfd ]vb]vsf] Joj:yf lgufgL . b]vf lqm) lj) [b]v\ cf] != ;Ddvdf ;fdGg] . @= b]v
t} uL cgs0f jf gsn u] . gf) #= cfFvfsf cufl8sf] 7fpF cfFvfsf ;fdGg]sf] 7fpF . $= b]
vg] sfd x]fO b[li6 .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
627

b]vfOb]j sg} ljz]if JolQmTj jf s[ltTjff ;fd"lxs kdf k|fKt ePsf] dxjk"0f{ j:t jf sf
sg} j:t lbg] jf rsfpg] bfloTj . b]a ]| gf) [;+)] != bflxg]sf] pN6f]klsf] afofF afp
F ;Jo b]af| ] . :qL) b]aL| . @= cgsn gk]sf] k|ltsn . #= ljf]wL ljrf ePsf] . ~ nx
afn]sf h:t} cfsfsf], 7"nf vsf b]al]| t a]lg] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] nxf] . -pbf) ufF8sf]
L b]a]| nxf] . pvfg ._ ~ xft gf) afofF xft afpF xft . b]o lj) [;+)] bfg ug{ nfossf]
bg of]Uo bftJo . b]j gf) [;+)] != :ju{df a:g] cd k|f0fL b]jtf b]ptf . @= k"Ho kdf x]
JolQm . #= dfGo hgsf lglDt cfbk"j{s ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb . $= fhfdxffhfnfO{ ;Ddfgk"j{s
;Daf]wg ulg] zAb . %= a|fXd0fsf] Ps pkflw . ~ C0f gf) != b]pb]ptfn] dgiodfly pksf
u] nufPsf] C0f . @= o1, j|t, kf7k"hf cflb u] lg rsfpgkg]{ st{Jo b]plg . ~ sGof gf
b]jb]jtfsL 5f]Lr]nL b]pr]nL b]jL . @= b]jTj u0f ePsL cToGt ;GbL :qL . ~ sd{ gf) b]j
b]jtfxnfO{ k|;Gg tNofpg ulg] kf7k"hf, j|tpkjf;, o1 cflb sfd b]jsfo{ . ~ sNk lj) ;fw
gfff b]jTj u0fsf] cfh{g u] b]jtfsf sf]l6df kus ] f] b]jtftNo b]j;b[z . > b]jsf gf
jlwk"js { j}jflxs ;DaGw geO{ cg}lts ;DaGwff hlGdPsf] afns sdf tyf sdfLaf6 hlGdPsf] 5
. ~ sfo{ gf) b]jsd{ . b]jsL gf) != s[i0fsL cfdf j;b]jsL kTgL . @= ;Gtfg gxFbf jf
eO{sg klg gafFRbf ;Gtfg xf]pmg\ jf hlGdPsf ;Gtfg afFlrx"g\ eg] b]jb]jLxnfO{ r9fOPs
L sGof b]jbf;L b]psL . #= j}jflxs ;DaGw geO{sg} cg}lts ;+;u{af6 hlGdPsL 5f]L jf r]n
L b]pr]nL . b]jsLo lj) b]jtf;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] b]jtf;DaGwL . ~ sn gf) != dlGb b]jfno .
= b] j tfxsf] ;d" x . #= b] j hflt . ~ u0f gf) != b]jb]jtfxsf] ;d"x b]jju{ . @= b]jt
fxsf cgr b]jtfu0f . #= clZjgL, d[ulzf, kgj{;, ltio, x:tf, :jftL, cg fwf, >j0f, ]
j tL cflb gIfqsf] ;d" x kmlnt Hof]ltifcg;f log} gIfqdf kg]{ u0f b]ju0f, dgiou0f f
If;u0fdWo] Ps . ~ ul0fsf gf) b]jtfxsL j]Zof :jj]{Zof cK;/f . ~ ult gf) kf0fcg;f d[
kl5 k|fKt xg] pQd ult ;b\ult :ju{nfe :ju{kf | lKt . ~ ufos gf) b]jtfxsf ;d"xdf ufpg]
hfpg] sfd ug]{ hflt uGwj{ . ~ u? gf) b]jtfxsf u? j[x:klt . ~ u[x gf) b]jtfxsf] 3
jfno . 3f6 gf) tgxF lhNnfsf blIf0flt x]sf] lqz"nL sfnLu08sL gbLsf] ;\ud:yn g]kfns
Ps k|l;4 tLy{:yn b]p3f6 . ~ rof{ gf) b]jtfxsf] k"hfcfhf b]jsfo{ . ~ hflt gf)

b]vfO gf) [ b]v\ - cfO_] b]Vg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] b]vfOg s) lqm) b]Vg nfOg . b]
vfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != sg} rLh cfFvf cufl8 g} flvlbg b]Vg nfpg b]vf kfg{ . @=
fgL u] ;Demfpg pbfx0f lbP aemfpg . #= lgb]{z ug{ af6f] b]vfpg . $= Hof]ltifL, j}
, emfFqmL cflbnfO{ lbgbzf, u|xuf]r, f]uJofw cflb ljrf ug{ nufpg x]fpgs ] fpg . b]v
b]v gf) [b]v\ cf b]v\] != k:k Psn] csf]n { fO{ b]Vg] sfd x]fx] . lqm) lj) @= cfFvfsf]
Nt ePh:t} uL x]bf{x]b}{ b]vfb]vL . > b]vfb]vL lqm) lj) cfFvfs} cl3lNt ePem}F uL b]V
b} x]bf{x]b}{ . b]vfg gf) [b]v\ cfg] != cnfO{ cfkt\ kbf{ v"a v;L eP x]g]{ sfd csf{sf]
si6nfO{ ldtf dfg] x]g]{ sfd . @=sg} sfdsf] lalt;Sbf klg kSs k] x]lxg] sfd . b]vf/
\ cf] != cufl8 kg]{ sfd ;fddf kg]{ sfd . @= b[li6 . b]vfj6 gf) [b]vfp cfj6] leq s]xL
geP klg aflx 9fFrfsfFrf b]vfpg] sfd cf8Da b]vfpg] ksf] :jf . > b]vfj6L lj) sg} s
h uL cfFvf l6Kg] kflPsf] cf8Dak"0f{ b]vfj6sf] agfj6L gSsnL b]vf}jf . b]vfl;sL gf)
sf] O{] csf{n] u]sf] b]v] jf x]] cfk"mn] klg ug{ vf]Hg] sfd cgs0f gsn l;sf] b]vfl
vfl;sL uL vf, cfl;] dL hf -pvfg_ . b]vfl;sf] gf) [b]vf l;sf]] b]vfl;sL . b]lv k);) !=
fssf lrXgxdf ckfbfg sfssf] Ps lrXg k~rdL ljelQmsf kdWo] Ps b]lvg\ af6 ff . @= l;t
b]lvg\ k) ;) [b]lv] k~rdL ljelQmaf]ws Ps k af6 b]lv . b]vL lqm) lj) [b]v \ O{] != b]V
] sfd u] b]v ] . @= :ki6;Fu k|ToIf . ~ hfGg] lj) sg} 36gf 36\bf To; 36gfsf] cfBf]kfG
jj0f cfg} cfFvfn] b]Vg] b]v ] g} hfg] r:dlbb -;fIfL O)_ . ~ g;xg] lj) c s;}nfO{ dg g
] :jefj ePsf] . lgDtf] gf) vf]hva guL ;fddf b]vf kbf{ dfq} ulg] lgdGq0ff af]qm] lgD
f] . ~ dfof gf) aflxL dfof af]qm] dfof b]vf}jf k|]d . ~ ;Gg] lj) 36gf cflb b]Vg]n] e
g]sf] sf ;Gg] -JolQm_ . b]vf}jf lj) [b]v\ cf}jf] 9fFrf jf :jfdf c8]sf] b]vfpgsf nflu
fq b]vfj6L cf8Dak"0f{ af]qm] . b]bLKodfg lj) [;+)] Hofb} rxlsnf] lgs} rxsbf hfHjNod
b]g gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t lbgfsf] lqmof jf efj . @= lbOPsf] To:tf] j:t . #= ljz]i
f pksf jf lxt xg] uL

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

b]jtfb]jn b]jtfxsf hflt -ljBfw, cK;f, oIf, uGwj{, lsGg, uXos, l;4 e"t_ b]jof]lg .
? gf) dGbf, kflhft, ;Gtfg, sNkj[If xlrGbg oL kfFr j[If ;t? . ~ tk{0f gf) b]jtfx
] tk{0f b]jlkt[xnfO{ tk{0f ug{eGbf klxn] b]jtfxnfO{ lbOg] tk{0f . b]jtf gf) [;+)] !
= k"Ho tyf hf d[Tolxt dflgg], :ju{df x]sf k|f0fL b]j b]ptf Bf}tf . @= lbJo k|lti7f
zlQm b]jTj . #= b]jtfsf] d"lt{ b]jk|ltdf . $= k|eTjzlQm jf 1fgu0f tyf ;Hhgtfsf
b[li6n] b]ju0f ePsf dflgg] JolQm -qmdzM fhf, a|fXd0f ;fw_ . >b]jtfufb]jtfu[x gf) d
lGb b]jfno . b]jtLy{ gf) [;+)] != b]jtfxsf] k"hf, Gof;, Wofg cflb ulg] tLy{ b]ptLy{ .
@= b]jtfx ePsf] tLy{ . #= cFhnL kfbf{ b]lvg] cf}Fnfsf 6Kkfsf efu cf}Fnfsf 6Kkf
. b]jqoL gf) [;+)] a|Xdf, lji0f dx]Zj tLg b]jtfsf] ;d"x b]jqlo lqb]j . b]jTj gf) [
] b]jtfxdf kfOg] u0f, wd{, :jefj cflb b]jtfdf xg] efj, u0f cflb . b]jbQ lj) [;+)
] != b]jtfn] lbPsf] -jbfg cflb_ . @= b]jtfnfO{ lbPsf] jf r9fOPsf] -kmnk"mn, Tg cfl
b_ . gf) #= uf}td a4sf efO kg]{ t pgL;Fu ]if fVg], zfSoj+zLo Ps fhsdf . $= ch{gsf z
sf] gfd . %= gfusf cf7 sndWo] Ps sn . b]jb"t gf) [;+)] b]ptf cyjf O{Zjsf b"t . > b]j
b"tL gf) jgdf kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] laldf] jglaldf] . b]j b]jtf gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsf] ;dbf
pb]ptf . b]jbd | gf) [;+)] b]jj[If b]jt? ;t? . b]jb|f]0fL gf) [;+)] bO{ 8Nnf vlK6
Pem}F uL kmNg] lkmSsf tyf xlof] sf] b|f]0fj[If 7"nf] hftsf] b|f]0fkik . b]jwfd gf)
;+)] b]jb]jtf ePsf] wfd b]j:yn tLy{:yn k0o:yn . b]jw]g gf) [;+)] b]j:yndf x]sL ufO{
sfdw]g . b]jgbL gf) [;+)] u\uf . b]jgfuL gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t, lxGbL, g]kfnL cflb efiff
n]lvg] lnlk g]kfnsf] fi6lnlk . b]jky gf) [;+)] != b]j:yfgdf jf dlGbdf hfg] af6f] . @
= b]jb]jtf lxF8\g] af6f] . #= cfsfz . $= cfsfzdfu{ . b]jk lj) [;+)] bMlvt jf lg?T
;flxt eP b]jb]jtfsf ef];fdf x]sf] ;Dk"0f{ hLjg To; cjlwdf ulg] sd{ b]jb]jtfs} cwLg x
G5g\ eGg] sfdf k"0f{ ljZjf; ug]{ -JolQm_ . b]jkz gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfsf lglDt efsn u
lPsf] kz b]jb]jtfsf gfpFdf 5fl8Psf] jf kflnPsf] kz .
628

b]jkfq gf) [;+)] clUg cfuf] . b]jkfb gf) [;+)] != b]jtfsf kfp . @= /fhf dxf/fhfnfO{
cfb/k"j{s ;Daf]wg ul/g] zAb . b]jkflnt lj) [;+)] b]jb]jtfxff Iff jf x]rfxf ulPsf] .
jk gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsf] gu OGb|sf] ;x cdfjtL . >b]jkL gf) b]jk . b]j k|ltef g
fsf] k|tLs :jk agfOPsf] d"lt{ b]jtfxsf] d"lt{ . b]jaw" gf) [;+)] != b]jb]jtfsL :qL b]
jL b]ptL . @=cK;f b]jul0fsf . b]j a|fXd0f gf) [;+)] != b]jtfn] klg klhg] a|fXd0f b]p
khfL khfL . b]j ejg gf) [;+)] != b]ju[x b]jdlGb . @= kLkn . #= :ju{ . b]j efiff gf
;+)] b]jb]jtfxn] af]Ng] efiff ;+:s[tjf0fL . b]je"ld gf) [;+)] != b]jb]jtfx xg] e"ld .
@= :ju{ . b]jdl0f gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ . @= sf}:te dl0f . #= 3f]8fsf ub{gdf xg] f}
Fsf] edL . b]j dlGb gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfsf] :yfkgf ulPsf] :yfg jf 3 b]jfno b]jn . b]j
f gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsL cfdf clblt . b]jdfof gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsf] dfof hLjxnfO{ df]lxt t
fpg] c1fgkL O{ZjLo df]x b]pdf]lxgL . b]jdlg gf) [;+)] b]jtfxdWo]sf dlg gfb b]jlif
]jd"lt{ gf) [;+)] != b]pb]ptfsf] d"lt{ b]jk|ltdf . @= b]ptfsf u0f ePsf] b]jtNo J
olQm . b]jo1 gf) [;+)] u[x:yxn] lgTo kdf ulg] k~ro1dWo]sf] Ps o1 . b]jofqf gf) [;+)]
b]jb]jtfsf] ;jfL rnfOPsf] ofqf b]jb]jtf;Fu ;DalGwt hfqf b]pt] hfqf . b]jofg gf) [;+)
] zLaf6 lg:s] a|Xdnf]stkm{ hfg] hLjfTdfsf] af6f] hLjfTdf a|Xdnf]s hfg] dfu{ . > b]jo
fgL gf) zqmfrfo{sL 5f]L oofltsL h]7L fgL . b]jou gf) [;+)] ;Toou . b]jof]lg gf) [;
)] !=:ju{, cGtlIf cflbdf xg] b]jtfsf sf]l6df ulgg] b]jtfsf hfltleq x]sf k|fl0fljz]i
f -cK;f, oIf, uGwj{, lsGg cflb_ . @= b]jhflt . b]j gf) [;+)] nf]Ug]sf] efO kltsf efO
kg]{ JolQm . b]jfh gf) [;+)] b]jtfsf fhf OGb| . b]jfgL gf) [;+) b]j cfgL] b]jsL :jf
L Bf}fgL . b]jlif{ gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsf Clif b]ptfh:t} Clif b]pl;L -gfb, clq, dLlr c
b]jn gf) != b]jtfsf d"lt{ :yfkgf ulPsf] dlGb b]jfno

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
629

b]jnf]sb]z cflbsf ljifodf k]sf] d2f . b]jfgr gf) [;+)] != b]jtfsf ;]js . @= b]jtfs
f kl5 nfUg] ljBfw, oIf cflb pkb]j . b]jfgofoL gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsf] af6f] lxF8g \ ]
JolQm b]jtfxsf cfrfljrfsf] cg;0f ug]{ JolQm b]jfgr . b]jfGg gf [;+)] != b]jtfnfO{
f ulPsf] jf ulg] cGg . @= b]jtfsf] lgldQ xjg ulg] cGg r? xJo . #= cd[t . b]jfow gf)
;+)] !=b]jtfxn] rnfpg] c:q lbJof:q . @= OGb|wg OGb|g ] L. b]jf gf) [;+) b]jbf?] dl;g
f TofGb|fh:tf kftsf emKkf xg] vf]6f] lg:sg] Ps hftsf] v Ps hftsf] ;Nnf] b]jbf? .
b]jffwgb]jffwgf gf) [;+)] b]jtfxnfO{ k|;Gg tNofpg ulg] k"hf, kf7, o1 cflb Gof;, Wof
flbff ulg] b]jtfxsf] k"hf b]jfr{g b]jfr{gf . b]jfl gf) [;+)] != b]jtfsf] zq . @= c
. b]jfr{gb]jfr{gf gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfxsf] k"hf b]jk"hf b]pk"hf b]jffwg b]jffwgf .
f gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfxnfO{ sg} j:t ck{0f ug]{ jf r9fpg] sfd . b]jfno gf) [;+)] != b]
jb]jtfxsf] :yfkgf ulPsf] 3 dlGb b]jn . @= :ju{ b]je"ld . b]jfnL gf) [;+) b]j cfnL]
dflgcfPsf] snb]jtfnfO{ k|foM Ps jif{b]lv tLg jif{;Dddf ulg] k"hf jf ;f] cj;df r9fOg
] aln cflb . b]jL gf) [;+)] != :qL b]jtf b]jtfsL :qL . @= buf{, nIdL, ;:jtL cflb :
qL b]jtfsf gfd . #= fHofleif]ssf lbg fhl;+xf;gdf a;]sL fgL k6fgL a8fdxffgL . $= cToG
Gb zLn:jefj Pj+ cfr0f ePsL :qL . %= :qL hfltsf gfdsf k5fl8 ufFl;g] Ps pkflw -pdfb
]jL, dfb]jL, ljBfb]jL O)_ . ^= ;+;fdf x]sf] b}ljs zlQm . 3f6 gf) != b]jLsf] dlGbglhs
x]sf] 3f6 . @= afUdtL c~rnsf] klZrdL efudf kg]{ tfbL lqz"nL gbLsf] ;\ud:yn . ~ kf
0f gf) buf{eujtLsf] rlqsf] j0f{g ePsf] kf0f b]jLefujt . ~ efujt gf) eujtL jf b]jLsf
rlqsf] j0f{g ePsf] kf0f b]jLsf dfxfTDosf] rrf{ ePsf] k:ts . ~ ;f] gf) ;fpg] ;u|f |
t F Ldf ntf] ofFStf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt . b]jG ] b| gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfsf f
hf jf dflns OGb| . b]jz ] gf) [;+)] b]jtfsf :jfdL b]jtfsf fhf OGb| . b]jf]Bfg gf) [;
)] b]jtfsf au}Frf -gGbg, r}qy, j}efh ;j{tf]eb| uL hDdf rf au}Frf_ . b]z gf) [;+)] !=
rf}lt km}lnO{ cg]sf}F ufpF, ;x, lhNnf,

b]ju[x . @= b]jb]jtfsf] k"hf ug]{ sfdff hLjglgjf{x ug]{ JolQm khfL k08f . #= wd{df ;
w}F cgQm xg] JolQm wfld{s JolQm . $= gfbdlg . %= Ps k|l;4 Clif . >b]jns gf) k"hf sf
]7fsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm k"hfsf]7] khfL . b]jnf]s gf) [;+)] b]jtfx xg] nf]s :ju{ b]je
b]jjf0fL gf) [;+)] != b]jtfxn] af]Ng] jf0fL ;+:s[t efiff . @= cfk}mFcfkm lg:sg] jf
0fL cfsfzjf0fL . b]jlzNkL gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfxsf] sflnu8 ljZjsdf{ . b]j;ef gf) [;+)] !
= b]jtfxsf] ;ef b]p;ef ;wdf{ . @= fh;ef . b]j;foHo gf) [;+)] tkM;fwgfff jf elQmefj
jtfdf nLg xg] lqmof b]jTjdf ldNg] sfd . b]j:yn gf) [;+)] != b]jtfx xg] 7fpF jf ePsf
] 7fpF k0o:yfg wfld{s :yn . @= dlGb b]jfno . b]j:yfg gf) [;+)] != b]jtfx :yfkgf ulP
7fpF dlGb b]jfno . @= :ju{nf]s b]je"ld . b]j:j gf) [;+)] b]jtfxnfO{ clk{Psf] jf r9fO
sf] ;DklQ b]jtfsf gfddf flvPsf] u7L . b]jf+z gf) [;+)] != b]jtfsf] c+z . @= b]jtfxs
f] efu . #= b]jtfsf] c+z lnP hGd]sf] JolQm b]jTj ePsf] JolQm b]jtfsf] c+zfjtf . b]jf
uf gf) [;+)] b]jb]jtfxsf] 3 b]jtfuf dlGb b]jn b]jfno b]ju[x . b]jf\ugf gf) [;+
qL . @= cK;f :jj]{Zof . b]jfTdf gf) [;+)] != b]jtfsf] h:tf] kljq tyf z4 cfTdf . @=
b]j:jk . #= kLkn . b]jflwb]j gf) [;+)] b]jtfsf] klg b]jtf . @= lji0f . #= lzj .
b]jflwk gf) [;+)] != b]ptfxsf klg O{Zj kd]Zj . @= b]jtfxsf fhf OGb| . b]jfg gf) [
fhfnfO{ fhkf6sf lglDt ;Nnfx lbg] JolQm dGqL ;lrj cdfTo lbjfg . b]jfgf+lk|o lj) [;+)
= b]jtfxnfO{ Koff] nfu]sf] b]jtfsf lglDt lk|o . gf) @= efUozfnL tyf >]i7 ePsf] ;"rs
sf kdf 7"nfa8fnfO{ k|oQm xg] cfbjfrL ljz]if0f zAb . #= d"v{ JolQm . $= af]sf] .
b]jfgL lj) [kmf) bLjfgL] != n]gb]g, c+za08f, wgdfn;DaGwL d2fdfldnfsf] lg0f{o ug]
{ jf kmf}hbfL d2fafx]s c d2f x]g]{ jf ;Nemfpg] -cbfnt_ . @= kmf}hbfLafx]s cGo wgd
fn;DaGwL -d2fdfldnf_ . ~cbfnt gf) b]jfgL;DaGwL d2fdfldnf x]g{] cbfnt . ~sfafO{ gf
) n]gb]g, c+zaG8f, hUufhldg cflbsf ;DaGwdf k]sf d2f s]nfpg] lg0f{o ug]{ ;DaGwsf]
sfafO{ . ~ d2f gf) n]gb]g, c+zaG8f

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

b]zgfb]xnL c~rn jf k|fGt ldn] ag]sf] Ps ljlzi6 e"efu dns . @= Ps} k|0ffnLsf zf;gc
Gtu{tsf] lglZrt e"efu fi6 . #= sg} 7fpF jf :yfg . h lj) != b]zdf hlGdPsf] jf pTkGg e
sf] -zAb, j:t cflb_ . @= b]zjf;Lsf] k|of]u tyf Jojxfaf6} pTkGg ePsf] -zAb_ . ~ b
z{g gf) != :jb]zdf k|rlnt wd{, ;+:s[lt, nf]sJojxf cflbsf] lgLIf0f . @= ofqf jf e|d0
fff xg], b]zdf ePsf To:tf ljifo jf jf:tljstfsf] cWoog lrGtg . ~ b]zfGtb]zfj gf) cg
}F b]zsf] ;dbfo b]zljb]z . ~ b|fx ] L lj) != :jb]zsf] Lltljfh, rfnrng cflbsf] ljf]w
ug]{ :jb]zdf xflg kofpg] ljb]zL Lltljfh rfnrngk|lt ljz]if df]x fVg] . gf) @= :jb]
emu8f pTkGg ufO{ cfgf] :jfy{ l;4 ug]{ JolQm . ~ wd{ gf) b]zdf kDkfb]lv rNb} cfPsf] c
frfljrf Pjd\ Lltljfh b]zcg;fsf] wd{ . b]zgf gf) [;+)] 7"nfa8fn] cfk"meGbf ;fgfnfO{
:jefj, cfrfljrf, lqmofsnfk cflbsf] ;wf ug{sf lglDt lbg] ctL{ pkb]z lzIff . b]z lgsfn
f gf) [;+) b]z lgsfnf] b]zb|f]xL Pjd\ 7"nf7"nf ckfw u]afkt ckfwLnfO{ b]zaflx lgSngsf l
lDt afWo ulg] ;hfo lgjf{;gb08 jf lgisf;gb08 . b]zeQm lj) [;+)] b]zsf rfnrng, Lltljfh,
gLltlgod cflbk|lt ljZjf; fVg] b]zk|lt akmfbfL xg] b]zsf] khfL b]zk|]dL fi6k|]dL
. > b]zelQm gf) b]zsf] pGgltk|ultsf lglDt ulg] sfo{ tyf :jb]zdf x]sf Lltljfh, gLltlg
d cflbk|ltsf ;b\efjgf fi6elQm . b]z e8j ' f lj) [;+) b]zeF8'jf] b]zdf x]sf gLltlgod,
mofsnfk cflbdf vf]6 b]vfO{ ltgdf cfzSt x]sf hgtfsf] dg layf]Nb} b]zdf c;Gtf]if cf
qmf]zsf] jftfj0f l;h{gf ug]{ -JolQm_ . b]zef8f lj) [;+) b]zefF8f] != b]zdf x]sf] zfGt
Pj+ ;'Gb jftfj0fnfO{ vnaNofpFb} c;fdlos Pj+ cj}wflgs cfGbf]ng ug]{ -JolQm_ . gf)
@= To:tf] sfd . b]zefiff gf) [;+)] sg} b]zsf ljleGg hfltxn] dft[efiffsf] kdf af]lng]
efiff If]qLo efiff -h:t} g]jfL, dufFtL, fO{, lnDa", yf cflb_ . b]zIff gf) [;+)] !=
f] ;fj{ef}lds ;Qfsf] Iff ug]{ sfd . @= ljb]zaf6 cfgf] b]zdf cfqmd0f x'g glbO{ Iff u
g]{ sfd . b]z ljb]z gf) [;+)] b]z tyf ljb]z b]zb]zfj b]zb]zfGt b]zfj b]zfGt . b]zf
+)] sg} klg b]zsf] k|rlnt Lltljfh, gLltlgod Pj+ cfrfljrf b]zwd{ .
630

b]zf6g gf) [;+)] b]zljb]zsf] e|d0f ug]{ sfd b]ze|d0f . b]zfg gf) [;+) b]z] c b]zaf6
;b}{ cfPsf] f]u ;?jff]u dxfdfL 9L b];fg . b]zfGt gf) [;+)] != cfgf] b]zafx]ssf c
. @= k[YjLsf] dfglrqdf pQL w'j | b]lv blIf0fL w'j | ;Dd tflgPsf] ;j{dfGo dWo]vfb]
lv k"j{ jf klZrdsf] b"L jf cGt . > b]zfGtL lj) csf{ b]zsf] b]zfGtsf] kb]zL ljb]zL
f) [;+) b]zck/] :jb]zb]lv afx]ssf] csf]{ b]z b]zfGt ljb]z kb]z . b]zL lj) [;+) b]zLo
= b]z;DaGwL b]zsf] d'ns ' sf] fi6sf] . @= :jb]zdf pTkflbt jf lgld{t . #= c b]zsf] lj
L . $= ljb]zdf pTkflbt jf lgld{t . gf) %= ljb]zdf a;] jf sfd u] kms]s { f] JolQm nfx
'] . ~ sk8f gf) != :jb]zdf pTkflbt sk8f . @= ljb]zdf pTkflbt sk8f . ~ sfu gf) ;Dk"0
f{ zL sfnf] ePsf] 7"nf] sfu . ~ s]/f gf) nfdfnfdf s]xL kftnf sf];f x'g] leq kfStf k
lg aflx xlo} b]lvg] s]fsf] Ps hft . ~ u'b gf) 8fF7sf] u'Gb|L a'lgg] sfnf]sfnf] vfns
f]
x'g] Ps hftsf] u'Fb . b]zLo lj) [;+)] != b]zsf] :jb]z;Fu ;DalGwt . @= b]zdf x'g]
tyf To;sf cfGtls sf;Fu ;DaGw fVg] . b];nfO{ gf) [lx) lbof;nfO{, ;+) bLkznfsf] 6'Kkfd
f af?b nufOPsf] cfuf] kfg]{ 5]:sf . b];fb gf) [b]zfg] ljb]zaf6 ;b}{ cfPsf] dxfdfL,
Ps k|sfsf] ;?jf f]u b]zfg b];fg . b];fg gf)x]) b]zfg . b]l;Nnf gf) [;+) b]zLo] 7"n7"n
kft x'g] Ps hftsf] kfg . b]x gf) [;+)] != dflg; jf cGo k|f0fLsf] hLp cf
zL . @= hLjg
hGbuL . h gf) != cfk"maf6 hlGdPsf] JolQm 5f]f] . @= sfdb]j . ~ Tofu gf) ef}lts zL T
ug]{ sfd d0f d[To' . wfL lj) zL wf0f ug]{ zLL . @= hLjwfL hGt' jf dflg; zL
]xsf] gfz b]xsf] cGt d0f d[To' . ~ ofqf gf) != vfgkfgsf] Joj:yf hLjglgjf{x hLljsf .
b]xn] ofqf ug]{ sfd d0f d[To' . >jfg\ lj) != zLwfL b]xwfL . gf) @= hLj k|f0fL . b
;+)] != 9f]sfsf rf}v6sf] tNnf] efu 7]nf] ;F3f . @= rf}v6sf Kjfndf nufOg] sf7 cflbsf
kmUn]F6f 9f]sf b}nf] . #= eftsf] fhwfgL lbNnL . ~ bLks gf) != leq tyf aflx b'jl} t
fnf] xf];\ egL 9f]sfdf flvPsf] aQL . @= Pp6} zAbsf] b'O{lt cGjo eO{ b'j}lt cy{ nfUb
f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] cyf{n
\sf . ~ bLksGof; gf) 9f]sfdf flvPsf aQLaf6 leq tyf aflx b'j}lt
Hofnf] ePh:t} bf]xf]f] cy{ nfUg] sf] jf ts{ .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
631

b]xfb}j vasfut_ . ~ tyf e|d0f eQf gf) sd{rfLnfO{ sfdljz]ifn] sfof{no jf ;+:yfut If]q
af6 cGoq sfhdf v6fpFbf lgodfg';f lbOg] b}lgs vr{ tyf ofqfvr{ -6L)P) 8L)P)_ . ~ kq
gf) k|ltlbg k|sflzt x'g] ;dfrfkq jf cvaf . ~ kl~hsf gf) lbg}lkR5]sf 36gf jf lbgx'F
qmoljqmo, n]gb]g cflb ePsf] ljj0f n]Vg] axL f]hgfdrf 8foL . ~ eQf gf) ;sfL jf ;+:y
df cfk"mn] sfd ulx]sf Onfsfb]lv aflx vl6P hfFbf bhf{cg;f b}lgs kdf k|fKt xg] tnaafx
ssf] ljz]if sd . ~ :yfgfGt0f gf) sg} j:t, ;;fdfg cflb Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf lbg}lk
R5] Nofpg] jf n}hfg] sfd lbgxF ;;fdu|L cf];fk;f ug]{ sfd . > b}lgsL gf) lbg}lkR5]sf
36gf jf lbglbg} k|fKt ePsf] tYo n]Vg] kl:tsf b}glGbgL f]hgfdrf 8foL . b}Go gf) [;+)]
!= bLg xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf bLgtf blb|tf ulaL . @= ljgLt efj gd|tf dlngtf . #= sfot
]L lgwf]{kg . $= ;flxTodf bMvsi6 cflbsf sf0fn] dgdf lvGgtf, dlngtf gd|tf pAhg] Ps
k|sfsf] ;~rfL efj . b}of gf) [;+) bfofb] k}ts [ ;DklQ cflbsf lgldQ ;DalGwt JolQmdf x
]sf] xs jf clwsf bfaL . bf lj) k}t[s ;DklQsf] xsbf c+lzof xs, efu cflbsf] bfaL ug
{ gf) [;+)] j:tsf cfs[ltsf] nDafO bL3{tf nfdf]kg ndfO . b}nf gf) [b}nf]sf] lt) )] w]
6f b}nf] 9f]sf . sf] uf8 gf) b}nfsf k5fl8 cfUnf] l5fpg b'nf] kf] 7f]lsPsf] jf b}nf]
5\tfv]l g} lgsflnPsf] sf7sf] pl8Nnf] k]sf] efu . sf] k3L gf) k'fgf] lzNksnfn] ;lhPsf
3df b}nfdf flvg] rf}sf];eGbf dflyltsf] a'fbf sf7 . ~ b}nL gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} b}nfsf] ;
. b} n ] v gf) [ b] j nf] s < ;+ ) lbljnf] s ] g] k fnsf] dWoklZrdf~rnl:yt e]L c
~rnsf] Ps lhNnf . b}n7 ]n ] f] gf) [b}nf]7]nf]] b}nfsf] tnlt nufOPsf] jf hl8Psf] 7]
nf] ;F3fsf] t];f]{ sf7 . b}nf] gf) [blxnf]] != 3df k:g jf lg:sgsf lglDt flvPsf] 9f]sf
lxnf] f . @= Tof] 7fpF y'Gg], vf]Ng] kmNofs, lrqf], tf cflbsf] ;fwg . b}j lj) [;+)] !
= b]jtf;DaGwL . @= b]jtf jf O{Zjaf6 ePsf] . #= b]jtfnfO{ clk{t ulPsf] . gf) $= O{Z
j . %= efUo k|fAw tulb . ^= cfsfz . ult gf) != b}jsf] ult O{ZjLo 36gf . @= O{Zjs
jf dfof . #= k|fAw efUo . uTof gf) b}jult . 1 lj) != b}j;DaGwL ;a} sf hfGg] . gf)
ljiodf x'g] sf

b]xf gf)x]) b]xfo . b]xflUg u|lGy gf) [;+)] kfs:ynLdf kfrg; k|bfg ug]{ u|lGyljz]if
. b]xf0f' gf) [;+)] zLsf] lgdf{0fsf lglDt cfjZos s0f sf]if . b]xft gf) [kmf)] != w]}
ufpF ePsf], v]tLls;fgL u] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ dflg;xsf] a:tL u|fd ufpF . @= tfO{ s5f .
F7 . >b]xftL lj) != b]xftdf a;f]af; ug]{ ufpFn] u|fdL0f . @= sfF7] s5f], sf]sf{nL . #
= b]xft;DaGwL b]xftdf ePsf], rn]sf] jf kfOg] . b]xfTdjfb gf) [;+)] zLnfO{ g} cfTdf j
f O{Zjsf] :jk dfGg] Ps k|sfsf] bfz{lgs ljrf jf l;4fGt ef}ltsjfb . >b]xfTdjfbL lj) b]x
Tdjfbsf] ;dy{s tyf cg'ofoL . b]xfGt gf) [;+)] b]xsf] cGt b]xfj;fg d0f d[To' . b]xfGt
) [;+)] wfld{s ljZjf;cg';f d]kl5 k|fKt x'g] csf]{ zL hGdfGt . >b]xfGt0f gf) gofF b]
zL wf0f ug]{ sfd . b]xfGtlt lj) b]xfGt ePsf] gofF hGd lnPsf] . b]xfo gf) [c) bk\mcf
]:tfdf l;nl;nf jf qmd ldnfP ljleGg sdsnd n]lvg] 7fpF tkl;n lgDgf
\sg b]xf . b]xfj0f
;+)] != zL Iff ug]{ j:t' sjr . @= zL 9fSg] j:t' n'uf sk8f j:q . b]xfj;fg gf) [;+)]
zLsf] cj;fg jf cGt d0f d[To' . b]xL lj) [;+)] != b]x jf zL ePsf] zLwfL . gf) @
#= cfTdf leqL dg . b}To gf) [;+)] != sZok ClifsL lblt gfpF u]sL kTgLaf6 hlGdPsf ;G
tfg c;' fIf; . @= 7"nf] e2f zL ePsf] tyf 8nfUbf] JolQm . #= b'frfL JolQm . $= Hofb
JolQm . ~ u'? gf) b}Tosf u'? z'qmfrfo{ . ~ klt gf) b}Toxsf clwklt lx0oslzk' . > b}Tof
f) != b}Tosf zq' . @= lji0f' b]jtf . #= OGb| . b}b:t' gf) [-l)_ b:t'] != klxn]bl] v r
lncfPsf] Lltljfh jf lng]lbg] sfdsf . @= To;cg';f lng]lbg] ulPsf] b:t' -gub jf lhG;L
' _ . F f] . lqm) b}glGbg lj) [;+)] != k|ltlbgsf] lbg}lkR5]sf] lbgx's of]) @= lbglb
g} k|ltlbg lbgx'F nuftf . > b}glGbgL lj) != lbglbg}sf] lbg}lkR5]sf] b}lgs . gf) @=
o]s lbgsf 36gfxsf] l6kf]6 jf ;f] l6kf]6 n]lvg] ulPsf] k'l:tsf b}lgsL 8foL f]hgfdrf .
lgs lj) [;+)] != k|To]s lbgsf] lbg}lkR5] x'g] jf ulg] lbgx'Fsf] -b}lgs pkl:ylt, b}lg
s sfo{, b}lgs kfl>lds O)_ . @= k|ltlbg jf lbglbg} k|sflzt x'g] -cvaf jf

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65

b}ljsbf]Hof8f hfGg] cnfO{ atfpg] JolQm Hof]ltifL . > b}jt gf) != b]jb]jtf b]jtfxsf]
'bfo . @= of:s d'lgsf lg?Qmsf] t];|f] sf08 . lj) #= b]jtf;DaGwL b]pb]ptf;Fu ;DaGw
x]sf] . b'lj{kfs gf) b]jtfaf6 ePsf] 7ufO efUoxLgtf b'ef{Uo . ~ bf]if gf) b}jn] lbPs
] bf]if efUoxLgtf . k lj) cfgf ana'l4sf] jf:tf guL vfln efUosf] edf x]sf] efUojfb
u gf) != ;+of]u df}sf rfg; . @= efUo k|fAw . jzjzft\ lqm) lj) PsfPs crfgs ;+of]u
efUojz . ~ jf0fL gf) != O{Zjsf] af]nL . @= cfsfzjf0fL . #= ;+:s[t efiff . jfbL lj)
!= cfgf ana'l4ff sg} klg pkfo gug]{ vfln efUosf edf xg] . @= cN5L lg?Bf]uL . ljb
j hfGg] JolQm eljiosf] sf atfpg] JolQm Hof]ltifL b}j1 . ~ ljjfx\ gf) Hof]lti6f]d cflb
o1df ClTjs cfrfo{ cflbnfO{ lbOg] sGofbfgsf kdf x'g] ljjfx cf7 k|sfsf ljjfxdWo] Ps .
~ >f4 gf) b]jk|Lltsf p2]Zon] ulg] Ps k|sfsf] >f4 . xLg lj) efUo gePsf] cefuL b'MvL
> b}jfutb}jft\ lqm) lj) != efUon] ubf{ b}j;+of]un] . @= cAem6;Fu cs:dft\ crfgs . b}jf
wLg lj) b}jsf cwLgdf x]sf] efUosf] edf xg] . b}ljs lj) [;+)] != b]jtf;Fu ;DalGwt b]j
f] . @= b]jtfsf lglDt ulPsf] -h:tf] b}ljs >f4_ . #= b]jtfff ulPsf] -h:tf] b}ljs tfk_
. $= efUo jf ;+of]ujz 3l6t x'g] . b}jL lj) [;+) ] != b]jb]jtf;Fu ;DalGwt b]jtfsf]
. @= b]jtfff ePsf] . #= crfgs ePsf] jf 36\g cfPsf] cfsl:ds . $= ;flTjs . %= efUo jf
;+of]uff ePsf] . gf) ^= b]jljjfx ulPsL :qL . &= Hof]ltifL . *= Ps k|sfsf] b}ljs 5Gb
. ~ ult gf) != b}j jf O{Zjff ulPsf] sf . @= efjL ;Defjgf . #= x'gx ]g ' fdL . ~ 36g
) k|s[ltsf ljs[ltaf6 cfsl:ds kdf 36\g uPsf] ;'vb jf b'Mvb kll:ylt . ~ k|sf]k gf) e"
sDk, cltj[li6, cgfj[ l i6, cfF w La] L, dxfdfL cflbn] l;h{ g f u] s f] cfklQhgs l:
ylt . ~ ;
\s6 gf) k|s[ltsf ljsfaf6 36]sf 36gfxaf6 x'g hfg] cfkt\ljkt\ jf si6 . b}lxs l
j) [;+)] != b]x;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] zfLls . @= b]xaf6 pTkGg ePsf] b]xh . bf] gf)lj) [;+) l
!= b'O{ . @= ;fdfl;s kbdf hf]l8g] ;f]xL k -bf]af6f], bf]efg, bf]dg O)_ . bf]s8f g
f) [b'O{s8f] != b'O{j6f s8f nfu]sf] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] tfpnf] . [b'O { hf]8f] @= Ps};
fy x]sf b'O{ j:t' hf]8f o'un . #= Ps k};fsf] rf efusf] Ps efu bfd . bf]snf lj) [k|f)
] != b'O{ hgf dfq Psnfsf] k"s
632

-h:tf] Psnfbf]snf_ . gf) @= hf]8L hf]O{kf]O . :qL) bf]snL . > bf]sn} lj) b'O{ hgf d
fq} Psn}sf] k"s, -h:tf] Psn}bf]sn}_ . -pbf) ;fFem k]kl5 af6fdf Psn}bf]sn} glxF8\g", 8
x'G5 ._ bf]sfg! gf) [b'O{sfg] != b'O{ sfg . @= csf]{ sfg bf];|f] sfg . bf]sfg@ gf) [
kmf) b'sfg] ;;fdfg lsga]r ug]{ 7fpF jf 3 k;n b'sfg . bf gf) ;;fdfg a]Rg k;ndf a;]s
lQm JofkfL b'sfgbf . bf]sfgL lj) [b'O{sfgO{] != b'O{ sfg x'g] jf bf];|f] JolQmsf] sf
kg]{ cj:yf PsfgLsf] k"s, h:tf] PsfgLbf]sfgL . -pbf) PsfgLbf]sfgL x'Fb}df sf] k}mlnxf
of] lg ._ gf) @= bf]iffbf]if egfj}L aemf}6L . #= k;n] . bf]sfg] gf) [bf]sfgP] a]rlavg
ug]{ JolQm bf]sfgbf k;n] . bf]lSrg c) lqm) [;+) bf}un { > k|f) bf]uRr g] != bul{ t
f kg{ . @= s6fO vfOg . #= pDsg gkfpg . >bf]SRofO gf) bf]lSrg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. bf]SRofOg s) lqm) bf]lSrg] kflg bf]lSrg nfOg . bf]SRofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != bf
]lSrg] kfg{ . @= bn], lyr] s6\g . #= st} hfg, pDsg glbg[ . bf]v gf) [;+) bf]if] !
= hf] lalu|P xg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u Ps lsl;dsf] ;lGgkft . @= bMv lbg] dfG5] . #= xflg u
g]{ sg} sf jf j:t . >bf]vL lj) bf]v ePsf] bf]vn] w8]sf] . bf]Vofxf lj) bf]v nfluxg]
fpF jf JolQm_ . :qL) bf]VofxL . bf]unf gf) [kmf) bf]un] != ljjflxt nf]Ug]b]lv clt
lQm cs}{ k?if;Fusf] ;dfudaf6 hlGdPsf] JolQm hfkq . @= leGgfleGg} hftsf cfdfafaaf
6 hlGdPsf] JolQm . #= j0f{;\s l7dfxf l7Dd . $= sg} klg b]zsf] l;dfgfdf a;L cfk"mnfO{
gsn ldNg] uL slxn] otfsf] slxn] ptfsf] sf eGg] JolQm . bf]rGbf lj) [kmf) bf]rGb] bf
xf]f] 8an bug  f -ltf], hljfgf cflb_ . bf]rf gf) [ef]) a)] ef]6]hfltsf dflg;xn] k|
lxdfnL e]udf nufpg], 3F8f;Dd cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] hQf . bf]rf] lj) [k|f) bf]Rr ]] otfsf
] ptf ptfsf] otf bf]xf]f] sf cf];fg]{ gfb . bf]5fofbf]5fof gf) [b'O { 5fofF5fof
sgfn] cf]em] n k]sf] jf b'O{ltsf k|sfzn] ubf{ :ki6;Fu gb]lvg] uL k]sf] 5fofF c:ki6 b]
vfO . bf]hfO{ lj) [b'O { hLp] bf]lhof b'O{ hLpsL . bf]lhof lj) [b'O { hLp] b'O{ hLp e
PsL b'O{ hLpsL ule{0fL ue{jtL . bf]Hof8f gf) [ef]) a)] 3'F8fb]lv d'lg jf dfly bf]rf
afFWg]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
633

bf]6fbf]df;] jf k|lqmof . bf]aofOg' s) lqm) bf]a kflg' 8ANofOg' . bf]aofpg' ;) lqm)

kfg'{ 8ANofpg' . bf]aofxf lj) bf]la|g] vfnsf] kftnf] wf ePsf] -sf]bfnf], km?jf cflb x
ltof_ . bf]afr gf) 8G8Llaof]sf v]nsf] Ps bfp . bf]af6f bf]af6L gf) [bf]af6f]bf]af6f]
] ;fgf7"nf bf]af6fxsf] ;d"x . bf]af6] lj) [bf]af6f]P] != bf]af6fsf] . @= bf]af6fdf
a:g] . #= bf]af6fsf 5]p5fpdf 3 ePsf] . $= af6f3f6f, xf6ahf cflbdf k;n yfKg] . bf]a
f6f] gf) [b'O{af6f]] b'O6f af6f hf]l8Psf] 7fpF b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L af6fsf] ;
\ud ePs
f] 7fpF . bf]af\g ;) lqm) [bf]aff] g] wfuf], 8f]L, s8f jf wftsf kftf cflb bf]la|g]
fg{ bO{;f] agfpg . bf]aff gf) [;+) ljf] bO{v]k bO{kN6 bO{rf]l6 bf]af/f] . bf
lqm) [bf]af\ O g] bf]afg]{ sfd ulg . bf]la|g c) lqm) [bf]a O g] != bf]a xg Ps
O{sf] rf eP a9\b} hfg . @= vlDrFb}vlK6Fb} kqkq kg{ klg . #= xFl;of, sf]bfnf] cf
lbsf] wf kms{g . $= ef]sn] ubf{ k]6 VofKk eP leq k:g . %= nfhn] lz lgxg . > bf]A
o|fO gf) bf]Ao|fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . bf]Ao|fOg s) lqm) bf]a|g] kflg . bf]Ao|fpg
 ;) lqm) != bf]a kfg{ bf]a|g] kfg{ . ;) lqm) @= vfg glbP bMv lbg ;tfpg . bf]Ao|
fxf lj) bf]la|g] vfnsf] . bf]af/f] gf)x]) bf]af/f . bf]ef gf) [bO{ e\ cf] bf];|f] v]k
f{sf] 36L vfkf vfg] sfd . bf]efg gf) [bO { jfxg -gbL_] bOl{ taf6 au] cfPsf gbLx ldl
Psf] 7fpF bO{ gbLsf] ;\ud . > bf]efg] lj) bf]efgsf] bf]efgdf a:g] bf]efgxFbf] x]sf]
. :qL) bf]efGgL . bf]ef;] lj) [;+) lefifL] != bO{ efiff hfGg] lefifL . @= bO{ leGg
fleGg} efiffefifLsf aLrdf Pp6fn] af]n]sf] sfnfO{ csf{sf] efiffdf pNyf ug]{ . gf) #
= To:tf] bO{ efiff hfGg] jf Ps efiffaf6 csf]{ efiffdf pNyf ug]{ JolQm . bf]d6 gf
) [bO { dL] clncln afnjf ldl;Psf] df6f] anf}6] hldg . bf]dg gf) [bO { dg] != o;f]
uF ls p;f] uFsf] l:ylt bf]wf . @= ;Gb]x wsrs . >bf]dg] lj) bO{ dg xg] sg} sfs
ug{ g;Sg] . bf]df;]! lj) [bO{ ld>0f] != bO{ leGgfleGg} kbfy{ ld;fpFbf tof ePsf] .
@= bj}lt nfUg], ldNg] jf xg] . #= bf]ef;] . bf]df;]@ lj) [bO{ df; < ;+ }dfl;s] !=
bO{bO{ dlxgfdf lg:sg] jf xg] -klqsf, pAhfp cflb_ . @= bj} dlxgfdf

8f]L . { 6f bO6f . bf]6f lj) [bO6f] bOj bf]7f gf) [bO { 7f] != otf ls ptf xg]
;lhnf] k]sf] jf lau|]sf] cj:yf . @= bf]wfdf kg]{ l:ylt c] ls d]sf] cj:yf . bf]tnf lj)
[bO{ tnf] Ps tnfdfly csf]{ tnf 5flkPsf] bOt { n] . bf]bGt gf) [bO { bGt] hjfsf v]
ndf ;f]x| sf}8LdWo] bO{ sf}8L dfq pQfgf kbf{ xg] Ps bfp bO{ lrt bO{ 7f8f 5Ssf
bfp . >bf]bGt] lj) bO{ bfFt dfq b]lvg] cj:yfsf] bO{ bfFt dfq ePsf] . bf]bf gf) g]k
fnsf lwdfn, fhj+zL cflb hfltdf k|rlnt gSvLn] ahfOg] Ps vfnsf] afhf . bf]ws gf) [;+
)] k|To]s kfpdf tLg eu0f bO{ u? xg] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . bf]wf gf) [bO{ wf] of] wf ls
pm wf xg] cj:yf o;f] uF ls p;f] uFsf] l:ylt bf]dg bljwf wd . @= ;Gb]x ;+zo z\
wfsf] aLr jf dfem gbLsf], sfsf], xltofsf] cflb_ . > bf]wf] lj) != bf]wfdf k]sf] cl
@= bjl} t 9Ns]sf] htf klg nfUg ;Sg] . #= sg} vf; lg0f{odf kUg g;sL To;} cndlng] a
Lrsf] . $= bO{lt wf ePsf] -xltof_ . bf]k6 gf) [bO { k6] vf]6 nfu]sf] ljifo s[lqd k
l;4 ulPsf] ljifo lst]{ . bf]k6n] lj)[ bO { k6n P] bO{ k6n -cfFvfsf] 9sgL_ ePsf] . ~
5 gf) cfFvfsf bO{ 9sgLh:tf] afGsLsf] 5 cIf . bf]kf gf)x]) bkf . bf]kx gf) [bO
f | ] kx lbgsf] dWo efu dWofXg . > bf]kxlof gf) != bf]kx jf dWofXgdf dfq kmNg] Ps hf
sf] k"mn . lj) @= bf]kx;DaGwL bf]kxsf] . bf]kx] gf) != asfOgfsf h:tf kft xg] tyf ftf
, kx]Fnf], ;]tf] gLnf] rf sf] k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf] k"mn . @= f]kfOF ub
{ bO{ kx ;do uPkl5 xnL, afp;], f]kf cflbnfO{ lbOg] ljz]if vfhf . #= lbgdf vfOg] vf
hf cgL{ . bf]kfof lj) [bO { kfp, kmf) bkfo] bO{ vf xg] bO{ vfn] lxF8\g] -dflg;
xfF;, k]jf cflb k|f0fL_ . bf]km gf) [ef]) a)] bf]rfleq nufpg] df]hf . bf]a lj) [bO{
+ af < ;+) ljf] != bO{ kq ePsf] bO{;f] . @= bOu { g  f 8an bf]xf]f] . ~ bfa g
f]Ao|fpg] sfd bf]Ao|fOt]Ao|fO ug]{ sfd . > bf]alg c) lqm) != bf]a xg bO{ugf xg
8lAng . @= bf]aL xg . bf]aL lj) bf]a kf]sf] leqL aflxL bj} ePsf] bO{ kf6f jf
f] bO; { f] . bf]aofO gf) bf]alg] tyf bf]Ao|fpg] lqmof

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bf]odbf];f |] kg]{ . bf]od lj) [kmf)] bf];|f] sf]l6sf] demf}nf vfnsf] cAaneGbf dlgs
f] l;deGbf dflysf] -hUufhldg_ . bf]\ufbf]\uL lj) [bO{ \u\uL] bO{ ePsf]
fr gf) [ ef]) a)] tfdf hfltsf] d[To;: + sfsf ;dodf gflrg] gfr . bf]ns gf) [;+)] tG
b|\ emlG8P xlNnxg] j:t 38Lsf] n\u . bf]nv gf) [bO{ nv] j0f{sf lzdfly nufOg]
dfqf - } _ P]sf . sGgf lj) j0f{sf dfl:t bO{ nv k5fl8 sfGbfgL ePsf] dfqf - f} _ cf
. bf]nvf gf) [bf] nIf] != g]kfnsf] dWodf~rn ljsf;If]qdf kg]{ hgsk c~rnsf] pQL efudf x
]sf] Ps lhNnf . lj) @= bO{ nfv ;\Vof ePsf] . bf]ng gf) [;+)] != tGb|\ emlG8Psf]
j:t xNng] lqmof bf]nssf] xNnfO . @= Ps lglb{i6 laGbaf6 csf]{ lglb{i6 laGbdf k
u] k]ml klxn]s} :yfgdf cfOkUbfsf] b"L . bf]nf gf) [;+)] != 8f]nL jf kfNsL . @= lk .
#= emf]n\uf] . $= 36a9 eOxg] l:ylt . bf]nfO{ F gf) [bf] ?O{] bO{;f] sk8fsf aLrdf ?jf
xfnL tu] agfOPsf] l;/seGbf kftnf] cf]9\g] j:t . bf]nfhL gf) [bnfxf hL] x]) 8f]nfh
L . bf]nfoGq gf) [;+)] xLfe:d agfpFbf ljz]if k|lqmofsf ;fy sf]bfsf] ; flvPsf] efF8fd
f xLfnfO{ clUgkfs ug{ k|of]u ulg] Ps oGq . bf]nfodfg lj) [;+)] != xlNnx]sf] emn]sf]
. @= cl:y r~rn . #= bf]dg] bf]wf] . bf]nflot lj) [;+)] xNnfOPsf] emnfOPsf] -j:t_ .
f]lnsf gf) [;+)] != 8f]nL . @= lk . bf]lnt lj) [;+)] xlNnPsf] jf xNnfOPsf] emn]sf]
. bf]nL gf) [;+)] 8f]nL . bf]if gf) [;+)] != sg} sf, JolQm jf j:tdf x]sf] ql6, sdL,
afwf cflb cju0f vfaL, bu{0f . @= g}lts jf sfggL b[li6n] ckfw dflgg] sg} cleof]u,
sn\s jf nf~5gf . #= ckfw s;" . $= kmQ vf]6 cQf] . %= sn\s bfu . ^= e"n czl4 .
s; . *= cfoj]{bsf cg;f zLdf jft, lkQ skmaf6 xg] k|sf]k . (= ;f]em} jf cy{nfO{ b"l
ift ufP sfJosf] u0f jf ;sf] cf:jfbgdf xflg ufpg] sf ;sf] cksif{s tj -sfJobf]if c
bf]if cflb_ . u|fxL lj) != csf{sf] bf]ifdf Wofg lbg] . @= bh{g bi6 . 1 lj) != j:t
 jf JolQmdf x]sf bf]ifsf] kfv ug]{ jf ;t\c;t\nfO{ ljj]sk"0f{
634

9\un] ljZn]if0f ug{ ;Sg] ljfg\ dgLifL . gf) @= To:tf] szn JolQm kl08t . qo gf) jft
skmaf6 pTkGg xg] tLg k|sfsf] bf]if jf vfaL . bzL{ lj) cdf x]sf bf]ifx dfq} vf]H
|fGj]ifL . ~ b[li6 gf) != cdf x]sf bf]if dfq b]Vg] lqmof l5b|fGj]if0f . lj) @= csf{s
f] bf]ifdfq vf]Hg] jf b]Vg] l5b|fGj]ifL . ~ k|dfl0ftl;4 lj) cbfntdf cfgf] ckfw k|dfl0
ft jf l;4 ePsf] clez+l;t -JolQm_ . bf]ifff]k gf) [;+)] sg} bf]if ePsf] sf jf bf]if ug
{ JolQmpk cff]k nufpg] sfd cleof]u nufpg] sfo{ . >bf]ifff]k0f gf) bf]if nufpg] sfd bf
ifff]k . bf]ifff]lkt lj) bf]ifsf] cff]k nufOPsf] bf]if nfu]sf] . bf]ifL lj) [;+)] !=
f]if ug]{ jf bf]if ePsf] vfa u0f ePsf] . @= bfu nfu]sf] bfuL vf]6f] . #= bi6 :jefj
ePsf] -JolQm_ . $= cbfntaf6 bf] i f k| d fl0ft ePsf] -JolQm_ . bf];Nnf gf) [;+)
lzf6] != lsgffdf sfrf]{aL af elPsf] aLraLrdf s]xL k"mnaf ePsf], bO; { f] pmgLsf]
Nojfg\ cf]9g \ ] . @= ljz]if uL lax]df a]xn  ftkm{af6 a]xn  LnfO{ nlug] dxFuf]
vfnsf] pmgL vf:6f] . #= sg} ljlzi6 JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfg:jk cf]9fOg] fd|f] vf:6f] . bf];fw
gf) [b'O { ;fFw] != b'O{ fHosf e"efu 5'fpgsf lglDt k|dfl0ft ulPsf] Ps lglZrt ]vf l;d
-af]8 {_. @= b'O{ yL hUuf hf]l8g] lglZrt 7fpF ;fFw . #= lljwf bf]wf bf]dg . $= b'O{
Gg yLsf clwsf, Joj:yf, l:ylt cflbsf] cGt jf aLr . %= clGtd cj:yf . -pbf) lafdL t bf];
fFwdf k'lu;s]5 . _ > bf];fwL gf) bf];fFw . bf];fw ] lj) != b'O{ yL hUufsf aLrdf x]sf]
f];fFwdf kg]{ . @= lljwfdf k]sf] bf]wfdf k]sf] . #= bf];fFw;DaGwL bf];fFwsf] . bf];fl
;L gf) [;+) bf]ifld;] Pscsf{sf] af6f] x]] sfd ug{df l9nf;':tL b]vfpg] sfd k:ksf] xfg
. > bf];fdf]; gf) k:kdf xfgyfk ug]{ jf bf]if nufpg] sfd bf];fld;L . bf];fdf];L gf) b
f];fdf];sf] rfn . bf]:t gf) [kmf)] ;fy lbg] jf xg] JolQm ;fyL ;FuftL ldq k|d ] kfq :
efhg . >bf]:tfgf gf) bf]:tL . bf]:tL gf) != ldqtf :g]xefj . @= ;fyL ;FuftL dLt . bf];
f | lj) [ bf];|f] ] klxnf]eGbf d'lgsf] ltLo >]0fLsf] . ~ dfn gf) f0ffzf;gsf ;dodf w]
hUuf x'g] f0ffxn] cfgf latf{sf] cfDbfgL p7tLk'7tL ug{sf lglDt :yfkgf u]sf] dfn cf lat
{dfn . bf];|f] lj) [;+) b;|cf]] != qmddf ltLo :yfgdf x]sf] klxnf]eGbf kl5sf] ltLo .
k|:t't ljifo;Fu ;DaGw

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict 'Da'.p65
635

bf]xl6ofbf}8fO %= b'O{ hgf k:k d'v x'g] uL pleP kfn}kfnf] dRrfpFb} v]lng] lk
sf] v]n .
^= s]6f tyf s]6Lx ldn] ;jfnhjfkmsf kdf ufOg] uLt h'xfL bf]xL . lj) &= b'j}ltsf] b'
] . ~ ntf gf) b'jl} taf6 cfpg]hfg] k\lQm hfg] cfpg]xsf] tfFtL jf nsf]{ . bf]xf] ]
]xf]f] P] != bO{ hgf k:k dv kg]{ uL pleP kfn}kfnf];Fu dRrfpFb} v]Ng] lksf] v]n . @=
6f s]6L ldn] ;jfnhjfkmsf kdf ufOg] uLt bf]xf]L . lj) #= bf]xf]f] k]sf] bf]xf] xg
xf]f] lj) [;+) l:t > bO{; > bf]x cf]] != bO{ k6s ePsf] 8lAnPsf] bugf . @= bO{;
~ cfsf] gf) 5ftL kms]sf] bO{ kmUNofF6fh:tf] b]lvg];Ddsf] rf}8f cf ePsf] . -pbf) To
f] bf]xf] cfsf] lgs} fd|f] 5 ._ ~ s gf) Pp6} j:t jf ;fdfgdf sg} sf0fn] ubf{ bO{ rf
nfu]sf] s 8an b:t . bf]xf]ofO gf) [ bf]xf]l - ofO_] bf]xf]lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
xf]ofOg s) lqm) bf]xf]f] xg] kflg . bf]xf]ofpg k|]) lqm) bf]xf]f] kfg{ bf]xf]
nufpg . bf]xf]ofxf lj) bf]xf]lg] vfnsf] jf :jefjsf] . bf]xf]nf] gf) [bxfO{ nf]] != s
} sfd k]ml ug{sf lglDt eo, qf; cflbn] ubf{ k6Ss} grfxg] l:ylt tfnfafnf tf]af bf]xnf]
. @= sg} sfo{bl] v k"} r]Tg] sfd xfonsfon r]tafaf sfzL . #= s]6fs]6LnfO{ tfn, gfO6
f] cflbdf cf}ifwL jf kms] dlGqPsf] j:t blnlbFb} elgg] zAb . -pbf) gfgLnfO{ bf]xf
]nf], bf]xf]nf] _ bf]Xo lj) [;+)] bx"Fbx"F k]sf] bxg nfos . bf}t gf) [;+) bDo
dfg jf afaL pd] ;djo:s JolQm bfdn bfFjn . >bf}t L gf) !=afa pd] ePsf ;fyL pd]
lj) @= Ps} pd]sf Ps} bfFjnsf . bf}8g c) lqm) [bf}8 g] != j]un] lxF8\g sb\g bug
= ;OFsRrf 7f]Sg efUg . bf}8 gf) [;+) wL0f > bp8] != tfut eP;Dd 5f]6f jf nfdf km8\
sf df] lxF8fOsf] ult a9fpg] sfd sbfO . @= dgdf tLj| ultn] eOxg] ts{ljts{ dgsf OR5fsf]
j]u . #= sg} sfsf] p2]Zo jf tsfO . wk gf) != sg} sfd k"f ugf{sf lglDt rf}lt nfu]
fF8f] k|oTg ug]{ sfd . @= xtfxtfdf rf}lt ef}Ftflg] sfd e|d0f . bf}8fO gf) [ bf}8 = bf}8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [bf}8fp cfO] @= gf) bf}8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [>] bf}8fOg s) lqm) bf}8g nfOg . bf}8fpg k|) ] lqm) != l56f] rfnn] lxF8fpg
sbfpg . @= ;OFsRrf 7f]Sg nfpg eufpg . ;) lqm) #= rf]L ug{ rf]g{ . $= lagfsfddf
nv kfg{ . %= sg} sfddf rfF8f] lxF8\g] dflg; k7fpg .

gx]sf] c csf]{ cGo . :qL) bf];|L . ~ s6fg gf) Psrf]l6 k]mbd} sf6] 9flnPsf vxnfO{ c
cg;f bf];|f] k6s sf6\g] sfd . ~ bhf{sf] lj) != bf];f | ] bhf{ jf txsf] klxnf]eGbf
s]xL tNnf] sf]l6sf] . @= gDaL gePsf] bf];|f] sfF6 jf gDasf] -;g, dfn cflb_ . ~ ljZ
j gf) j}1flgs zlQmsf] pkof]uff kDkfb]lv leGg lsl;dn] ljsf; xFb} cfPsf] zlQmzfnL ;+;f
. { xl6of] bO{ leGgfleGg} 7fpFdf 3af ePsf] bf]xl6of lj) [bO bO{ b]zdf 3u[x:yL ePsf
. bf]xb gf) [;+)] != ue{jtL cfOdfO{sf dgdf p7\g] ljleGg rfxgf jf OR5f . @= ue{jt
L xgfsf] efj, cj:yf jf nIf0f . #= ue{ k]6af]sfO . jtL gf) sg} j:tsf] OR5f ug]{ ue
{jtL :qL bO{ hLpsL ule{0fL . bf]xg gf) [;+)] != b"w bxg] sfd . @= bw]f] uajf 9
f] . #= af}l4s, cfly{s cflb b[li6n] s;}sf] zf]if0f ug]{ sfd bxfO . >bf]xgL gf) !=
b"w bxg] sfd . @= b"w bxg] efF8f] bw]f] uajf . bf]xlg c) lqm) [bf]xf] O g]
xg bf]xf]lg . bf]x] gf) [bf]xf] P] bf]xf]f] bf]xf]/] . bf]xf] lj) [ bf]xf]f]
l6 ulg] jf xg] bf]xf]/f] -bf]xf] sfd, bf]xf] l;nfO, bf]xf] n]vfO O)_ . gf) @= bO{ r
f]l6 xg] sfd bf]xL . bf]xofO gf) [ bf]xl - ofO_] bf]xlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>
xofOg s) lqm) bf]xf]f] kflg . bf]xofpg k|]) lqm) bf]xf]f] kfg{ bf]xf] kfg{ nuf
f]xofxf lj) bf]xlg] vfnsf] . bf]xn gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf ljifok|ltsf] pT;stf OR5f
fdgf . @= ule{0fL cfOdfO{nfO{ nfUg] tntn bf]xb . jtL gf) bf]xbjtL . bf]xnf] gf)x]) b
f]xf]nf] . bf]xf gf) [lx)] klxnf bf];f | r0fdf t]xt | x ] | dfqf clg bf];f | rf}yf
kfpdf P3fP3f dfqf xg] Ps k|l;4 5Gb . bf]xf]lg c) lqm) [bf]xf]f] O g] Ps rf]l6 ul
jf eO;s]sf] sfd k]ml xg 8alng . bf]xf]L gf) [bf]xf]f] O{] != cfdf xfn ;flas xFbf
0f{ jf;nftdf n]lvPsf] gubL, lhG;L cflb w]} eP aemfpg gEofPsf v08df agaemfpg g;sGh
]nsf nflu f]hf]h} aemfPsf] jf aem]sf] xf] egL ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ xfnjfnfn]
;flasjfnfnfO{ ;xL5fk uL lbg] lnvt sfut bf]xf]f] . @= ;fx"nfO{ ullbPsf lnvtsf] ;fx" t
yf cf;fdL bj} yLn] lng] PsPs k|lt ;Ssn sfut . #= laxfdf hGtL k5]k { l5 bnxL cGdf
pgcl3 hGtLnfO{ vjfOg] ef]hg . $= bnfxf jf bnxL sg} Ps kIfn] bj} kIfdf nufpg]
vr{ .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

bf}8fbf}8Bf}8f bf}8fbf}8 gf) [bf}8 bf}8] != sfdljz]ifn] otfplt bug{] sfd bufbu sb
8w"k . @= xtfktf xtkt x8a8 . > bf}8fbf}8L gf) bufbu sbfsb bf}8fbf}8 . bf}8fg
!= bf}8g] sfd bf}8fO . @= sg} sfd ;? ePkl5 g;lspGh]nsf] ;do . #= sg} sfdsf ultsf]
tLj|tf jf j]u . $= qmd l;nl;nf . bf}8fx6 gf) [bf}8 cfx6] bf}8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f bf}8fO bf}8 . bf}8fxf! lj) [bf}8 cfxf] w]} bug]{ :jefjsf] w]} sb\g] . bf}8fxf@ g
bf}f] != afa otfplt jf rf}lt 3dlkm ug]{ sfd jf cj:yf e|d0f rSs . @= cfgf dftxtsf
hfFraem jf ]vb]v ugf{sf lglDt ;DalGwt pRr clwsfLx 3Dg hfg] sfd . #= lhNnfsf] l:y
lt jf ;d:of a e mL 7f8f] sfafO{ ug{ ljz] i f clwsf;DkGg JolQm jf ;dbfonfO{ v6fpg
] sfd . $= To:tf] sfafO{ ug{ vl6O{ uPsf] JolQm jf ;dbfo . %= klxn]klxn] df]km;ns
f d2fdfldnf x]g{ jf phafh ;gL l56f] sfafO{ ug{ s] G b| a f6 vl6Psf] clwsfL jf c
lwsfLju{ . ^= aLraLrdf s8f cfqmd0f ug]{ f]u -x}hf, dxfdfL O)_ . ~ Ohnf; gf) clwsfk|fK
t JolQmaf6 ;DalGwt Onfsfxdf 3dL d2fdfldnf lsgff nufpg] cbfnt 3DtL cbfnt . ~ bn gf
) != f0ffzf;gdf x]s ;fn lhNnflhNnfsf] kll:ylt hfFraem ug{ klcfPsf ;d:ofsf] lg0f{o P
j+ ;dfwfgsf nflu >L # n] cfgf efO jf 5f]fsf] dftxtdf h6fPsf] bn . @= lhNnflhNnfsf
] ;d:of aemL ToxfFsf] phafh;d]t ;g ] Gofo lbg s]Gb|Lo :taf6 vl6Psf clwsfLju{ . bf
}l8g c) lqm) [ bf}8 O g] bf}8g] sfd ulg j]u;fy lxF8g \  sbg \ . bf}8L lj) [bf}8
8g ;Sg] bf}8g] . bQ lj) ;fx|} l56f] jf kofpg} g;lsg] lsl;dn] lxF8g \ ] -JolQm_ cx|fp
kx|fp jf cGo sf0fn] cfjthfjt ulxg] ;fx|} Jo:t -JolQm_ . bf}lts lj) [;+)] b"t;DaGwL b"
;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] b"tsf] . bf}To gf) [;+)] != b"tn] ug]{ sfd jf st{Jo b"tsf] sfd jf :j
efj . @= ;Gb]z va . ~ ;DaGw gf) leGgleGg b]zsf aLrdf ePsf] ldqtf tyf ;f] cfwfdf k:ksf
;xdltaf6 fhb"t fVg] uL ePsf] fhgLlts jf s6gLlts ;DaGw . bf}f gf) bfofFafofF sNnL uf
3dfpf] k]m kflPsf], bfofF afofFsf tndfly rf 7fpF tgf afFlwg], bf]aL kf] jf s7fnf
f leqkl 5]pdf ;]K6L nufP l;OPsf], g]kfnsf] fli6o kf];fsdWo] Ps na]bf donkf]; . bf}fT
f) [;+)] bfTdf xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf bi6tf . bf}uT { o gf) [;+)] bu{lt ePsf] cj:y
f jf efj bb{zf .
636

bf}aN { o gf) [;+)] ba{n xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf zfLls jf dfgl;s sdhf]L ba{ntf . bf}xb
{[ bf}xb {[ o gf) [;+)] != bi6 x[bo xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf dgsf] vfa efjgf . @= b:dg
L zqtf . #= ue{jtL :qLnfO{ nfUg] tntn bf]xb . bf}nt gf) [c)] != cfly{s d"No ePsf]
tyf wgL ulanfO{ 5fpg] ;a} k|sfsf cfwf/j:t wg;DklQ b|Jo . @= ;fgf] eP klg sg} cd"
dxjk"0f{ 7flgPsf] rLh -nfIfl0fs cy{df_ . jfg\ lj) k|z:t wg;DklQ ePsf] wgf9 wgjfg\ .
bf}ny gf) [c) bf}nt] != an tyf al4sf] cfh{g . @= k?iffy{sf] ;fdYo{ xlaut . #= bf
}nt . bf}lxq gf) [;+)] 5f]Lsf] 5f]f] blxtfkq gflt . > bf}lxqL gf) 5f]Lsf] 5f]L b
qL gfltgL . Bfjfk[YjL gf) [;+)] != :ju{ k[YjL . @= cfsfz . B gf) [;+)] != lbg lbj;
lbpF;f] . @= :ju{ . #= cfsfz . $= clUg cfuf] . %= ;"o{nf]s . r lj) != cfsfzdf ljr0f
ug]{ . gf) @= rf . #= u|x, gIfq cflb . Blt gf) [;+)] != k|sfzdfg\ xgfsf] efj, u
0f jf cj:yf rds . @= zfLls ;f}Gbo{ jf zf]ef sflGt . #= nfj0o 5lj . $= lZd ls0f k|s
. dfg\ lj) != k|sfz jf rds ePsf] bLlKtdfg\ sflGtdfg\ . @= zf]efodfg ;xfpFbf] 5lanf
. B"t gf) [;+)] hjf . s gf) hjf v]Ng] jf v]nfpg] JolQm hjf8] . sf gf) hjf v]
JolQm vfn fVg] JolQm vfn] . ~ qmL8f gf) hjfsf] v]n sf}8f, kRrL;, ulGhkmf cflbff v]
] hjf . ~ kmns gf) kf;f, kRrL; cflb v]lng] ysL{ . ~ k|jl [ Q gf) !=hjf v]Ng] nt h
jf8] nt . @= hjf v]n] g} hLljsf ug]{ B"tef]uL hjf8] . ef]uL lj) hjf8] hjfsf] nt
ePsf] -JolQm_ . Bf] gf) [;+)] != :ju{ . @= cfsfz . #= ztky a|fXd0fsf cg;f cf7 j;
dWo] Ps . Bf]t gf) [;+)] != k|sfz pHofnf] . @= 3fd w"k . #= tfk Gofgf] . > Bf]ts lj)
!= pHofnf] kfg]{ k|sfz lbg] . @= ;\st ] ug]{ jf hgfpg] :ki6 kfg]{ ;"rgf lbg] ;"rs . B
f]tg gf) != pHofnf] kfg]{ sfd jf efj . @= k|s6 ug]{ jf ;"rgf lbg] sfd ;\st ] ug]{ l
qmof . #= aQL lbof] . Bf]ltt lj) != k|sfzn] oQm ePsf] k|sflzt pHofnf] kflPsf] pHofln
sf] . @= k|s6 jf JoQm ulPsf] . Bf} gf) [;+)] != :ju{ b]jnf]s . @= cfsfz . #= lbg lbj
; lbpF;f] . $= k|sfz cfef k|ef . %= b]jLb]jtf . 3f6 gf) x]) b]j3f6 b]p3f6 . Bf}8f g
]) b]p8f .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
637

Bf}tfb|d  -tfdf, rfFbL, df6f], skf; O)_ . #= lqmof u0f cyjf u0f dfqsf] cf>o eP
sf] tj jf kbfy{ . -j}zl] ifs bz{gcg;f k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo, cfsfz, sfn, lbs\, cfT
df dg oL gf} kbfy{_ . $= wg;DklQ bf}nt . %= hLa6L jf cf}ifwL . ^= wft . tfTj gf)
b|Jodf kfOg] u0f . @= b|Jo xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ lkrf;lkzfr lj) k|z:t ?lkofFk}
;f eP klg vr{ ug{ k6Ss} grfxg] k};f eg]kl5 lxlSs} xg] lsG6f]sL dSvLr; sGh; . jf
wgjfg\ wgL ;DklQjfn . ~ zfx gf) uf]/vf fHosf] :yfkgf uL lj) ;+) !^!^ b]lv !^@& ;Dd f
o ug]{ Ps fhf . > b|Jofh{g gf) b|Jo cfh{g ug]{ sfd wgf]kfh{g . b|i6Jo lj) [;+)] != b
]lvg] jf b]vf kg]{ b[li6uf]r . @= b]Vg jf x]g{ of]Uo x]lx"F nfUg] bz{gLo . #= b]Vg, h
Gg lgLIf0f ug{ plrt . %= b]vfpg, atfpg ;Demfpg ;lsg] . %= lglZrt k|ToIf kdf ulg] .
b|i6f lj) [;+)] != b]Vg ;Sg] x]g{] bz{s . @= b]vfpg] jf atfpg] . gf) #= ;fIfL . $=
cfnf]rs . b|x gf) [;+)] lgs} ulxf] k|fs[lts kf]vL bx . b|fIff gf) [;+)] c\u bfv .
fflb gf) != bfv jf c\u  cflbsf ljlzi6 u0f ePsf pkof]uL kmnxsf] ;d"x . @= To:tf] km
naf6 ag]sf] cf}ifwL . b|fj gf) [;+)] != kGofnf]kg . @= aUg] cj:yf . #= hfg] sfd ud
g . >b|fjs lj) != 7f]; j:tnfO{ kufn] tn agfpg] . @= aufpg] sfd ug]{ . #= x[bodf k|
efj kfg]{ s?0ff pTkGg ug]{ . b|fj0f gf) != kUng] jf kufNg] sfd . @= uNg] jf unfpg]
sfd . #= aUg] jf aufpg] sfd . $= efUg] jf eufpg] sfd . b|flj8 gf)x]) b|lj8 . b|f
ljt lj) [;+)] != kUn]sf] jf kuflnPsf] ufn]sf] . @= eufPsf] knflot . b | gf) [;+)] !
= v j[If af]6 . @= xfFuf] zfvf . b|t lj) [;+)] != kUn]sf] . @= l56f] lxF8\g] zL3|ufd
. #= efu]sf] efu] ar]sf] . $= ;fwf0fsf ck]Iff l56f] ePsf] -;\uLtsf] :j, no O)_ . ul
gf) rfF8f] lxF8fO zL3| udg tLj| ult . ufdL lj) rfF8f]rfF8f] lx8\g] zL3|ufdL . t l
F8f]eGbf rfF8f] zL3|fltzL3| . td lj) ;a}eGbf rfF8f], ;a}sf] eGbf l56f]l56f] . ljnl
Dat gf) k|To]s r0fdf qmdzM gu0f, eu0f, eu0f u0f ePsf] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . bk | b gf) [
;+)] dxfeft sfnsf kf~rfn fHosf fhf b|f}kbLsf lktf . bd | gf) [;+)] != v j[If af]
= kflhft . #= sa] . $= ?lSd0fLsf ue{df pTkGg, s[i0fsf Ps kq . ;]g gf)

Bf}tf gf)x]) b]ptf . Bf}tL gf)x]) b]ptL . Bf}tLy{ gf)x]) b]ptLy{ . Bf}lgufnf] gf)x])
b]plgufnf] . Bf}lkt[ gf) [b]p lkt[ < ;+) b]jlkt[] b]jtf lkt[ b]pb]ptf lktfkvf{ . B
f}/fgL gf)x]) b]p/fgL . Bf}/fnL gf)x]) b]p/fnL . Bf};L gf)x]) b]p;L . b|u \ gf) [;+)
] k|zf;lgs b[li6cg;f Jofkfsf] s]Gb|;d]t ePsf] gueGbf ;fgf] ufpF jf j:tL lnR5ljsfnLg
sg} ahfcf . b|j gf) [;+)] != kGofnf] xg] sfd kUnfO . @= rxg  ] jf aUg] sfd rxfg
fO . #= kGofnf] j:t tn kbfy{ 3f]ns . $= bf}8g] jf efUg] lqmof knfog . lj) %= kfgLh:
t} kftnf] kGofnf] tn . ^=klUnPsf] cfb|{ . >b|j0f gf) != kUng] sfd kUnfO . @= aUg] sfd
ufO . #= rxg  ] lqmof rxfO . $= bofn] kUng] sfd bofb|{tf . tfTj gf) sg} j:t b|j
gfsf] jf kUngfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf kGofnf]kg . zLn lj) != kUng] u0f ePsf] . @=
aUg] :jefjsf] . b|lj8 gf) [;+)] != blIf0f eftsf] k"jL{ t6df cjl:yt Ps lj:t[t k|b]
zsf] kfgf] gfd cfwlgs cfGw| db|f; k|b]z b|flj8 . lj) @= pQm k|b]zsf lgjf;L . #= c
fGw|, s0ff{6s uh{, b|lj8 dxffi6 oL kfFr a|fXd0fju{ . $= blIf0f eftdf a;f]af; ug]{
k|frLg hfltsf] efiff . lj) %= b|lj8 k|b]zsf afl;Gbf b|lj8;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ kljf gf) o]
l;of v08sf ljleGg eflifs kljfdWo] blIf0f eftdf a;f]af; ug]{ tfldn, t]nu, dnofnd, s
Gg8 cflb hfltxn] af]Ng] efiffxsf] kljf . ~ k|f0ffofd gf) sg} sfd ;lhnf] ;f]emf] 9fF
] guL ufx|f] 3dfpf] lsl;dn] ug]{ l:ylt To;L ulg] sfd . b|lj0f gf) [;+)] != wg b|J
= ;g ;j0f{ . #= kf}?if kfqmd . $= fhf k[ysf Ps kq . b|ljt lj) [;+)] != kUn]sf] un
sf] . @= s?0ffb|{ jf bofb|{ ag]sf] . #= b|jLe"t . b|jLs0f gf) [;+)] kfgLsf] afkm tn
kdf kl0ft ug]{ jf xg] sfd . b|jLejg gf) [;+)] afkm jf afbn kgM tn kbfy{df kl0ft x
g] k|lqmof jf sfo{ . b|jLe"t lj) [;+)] != kUng] u0f ePsf] klUnPsf] kGofnf] ag]sf]
. @= bofn] ljXjn bofjfg\ bofb|{ bofn . b|Jo gf) [;+)] sYo) b|Aa] b|Ao . != j:t kbf
Lh . @= c dfn;fdfg tof kfg]{ ;fdu|L pks0f ;fwg

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

b|l  dnfl w[i6BDgsf xftaf6 dflg] dxfeftsf Ps of]4f . b|ldnf gf) [;+)] k|To]s r0fdf
aQL;aQL; dfqf xg] Ps dflqs 5Gb . b|f]0f gf) [;+)] != j}lbs sfndf ;f]d; fVgsf lglDt
agfOPsf] sf7sf] efF8f] . @= kfgL cflb xfNg] sf7sf] efF8f] . #= rf cf9s jf ;f]x| ;
] -s;}sf] dtdf #@ ;]_ afasf] Ps k|frLg tf}n . $= kftsf] bg . %= b|f]0ffrn kj{t . ^
= b|f0 ] ffrfo{ . snz gf) j}lbs oudf ;f]d; flvg] sf7sf] efF8f] . sfs gf) ;Dk"0f{ z
fnf] xg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] sfu 8dsfu 9f]n] sfu b]zL sfu . lul gf) b|f]0f gfpF ePsf]
s kj{t . kik gf) k|To]s xfFufsf 6Kkfdf 8Nnf] kiksf]z xg] To;sf aLrdf bO{ kft
xg], ;]tf ;fgf cfsfsf kmn kmNg], kfvflt xg] Ps k|sfsf] a6L uDaf . kikL gf) P
ksf]zdfly csf]{ kiksf]z nfUg] b]jb|f]0fL kiksf]zdfly csf]{ kiksf]z geO{ Pp6} df
q kiksf]z xg] b|f0 ] fkikL uL bO{ hftsf b|f0 ] f kikdWo]sf] bf];|f] b|f]0fkik
. b|f]0f; gf) [;+)] kf0fdf jl0f{t Ps bfgjsf] gfd . b|f]0ffrn gf) [;+)] fdfo0fsf cg
;f IfLf]b ;fusf lsgfdf x]sf] nId0fsf lglDt xgdfg\n] ;~hLjgL a6L NofPsf] Ps k|l;4
j{t . b|f0 ] ffrfo{ gf) [;+)] dxfeftk|l;4 kf08j sf}jxsf u? ljfg\ a|fXd0f tyf Ps jL
]4f cZjTyfdfsf afa, effh Clifsf kq tyf kzfdsf lzio . b|f]0fL gf) [;+)] != gbLaf6 j
f ugf{sf lglDt agfOPsf] sf7sf] gfp gf}sf 8\uf . @= sf7sf] ;fxL . #= ;fgf] bg . $=
bO{ kxf8sf aLrsf] ;fF3f] hUuf 3fF6L . %= b|f0 ] ffrfo{sL kTgL s[kL . ^= Ps ;o cfO
; ;]afasf] Ps k|frLg tf}n . b|f]x gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] senf] lrtfpg] sfd ]if . @= k|
x+;fsf] efjgf zq ;fWg] dgf]jl[ Q . #= j}efj b:dgL . > b|f]xL lj) != b|f]x ug]{ csf{
sf] senf] lrtfpg] . @= k|ltlx+;fsf] efjgf fVg] j}efj a9fpg] . gf) #= ljb|fx ]L. b|fl
} 0fs gf) [;+)] Ps b|f]0fafasf] aLp nfUg] v]t . b|fk } bL gf) [;+)] chg { n] dT:oe
]b uL :jo+j ulPsL kf~rfn b]zsf fhf b|kbsL sGof . G gf) [;+)] != sg} bO{ j:tsf] h
Ud oun . @= nf]Ug]:jf:gL hf]O{kf]O bDklt . #= k:k bO{ ljf]wL tjsf] hf]8f . $= bO
olQmsf aLrsf] emu8f Go4 dNno4 s:tfs:tL . %= snx ;\3if{ pTkft . ^= Jofs0fdf peo
g] ;df;sf] gfd -h:t} cfdfafa_ . &= cNemf] emGem6 . *= si6 bMv . (= lljwf ;+zo . r
) != hf]8f ldn] lxF8\g] . gf) @=
638

rv]jf rsf] . ~ o4 gf) bO{ hgfsf aLrsf] o4 s:tL nfKkf . > GL lj) != hf]8f tNofp
agfpg] . @= k:k ljf]wL k|ltGL . o lj) [;+)] != bO{ bO6f . gf) @= hf]8f oUd . >
Pp6} j:t bO6fh:tf] b]lvg] l:ylt cfFvfsf] gfgLnfO{ 6]9f] kf] x]bf{ Pp6f j:tsf bO
{ :jk b]lvg] cj:yf jf l:ylt . fy{ gf) [;+)] != bO{ lsl;dsf] cy{ bO{ k|sfsf] efj . l
) @= bO{ cy{ ePsf] bf]xf]f] efj hgfpg] . >oy{s lj) != bO{ vfnsf] cy{ nfUg] . @= b
j}lt cly{g ;Sg] -zAb_ . fbz lj) [;+)] afx| . >fbzfIf gf) afx| cIf ePsf] lji0fsf] dG
- gdf] eujt] jf;b]jfo_ . fbzfIfL lj) != afx| cIf ePsf] -dGq_ . gf) @= s, v cflbdf n
fUg] afx| lsl;dsf] dfqf afx|vL . fbzfTdf gf) != afx| cfTdf ePsf] b]ptf ;"o{ . @= cfFs
. fbzfx gf) != afx| lbg . @= afx| lbg;Dd ulg] Ps o1 . #= d]sf] afx|f}F lbgsf lbg ulg
] >f4 . fbzL gf) rGb|df;sf zSn jf s[i0fkIfsf] afx|f}F ltly PsfbzLsf ef]lnkN6sf] lt
ly k"0ff{ltly . fk gf) [;+)] ;To, q]tf, fk slndWo] t];f | ] ou q]tf slnousf aL
u . f gf) [;+)] != 9f]sf b}nf] . @= 9f]sf aGb ug]{ vf]Ng] kmUNofF6f] vfkf . #= sg}
F, If]q, gu jf xftfleq k:g] ToxfFaf6 lg:sg] vnf 7fpF k|j]zky aflxL 9f]sf . $= zLsf
Gb|oxsf] l5b| . %= lgsf; dxfg . ^= dfWod . &= jf:t tyf d"lt{snfdf Ps c\un jf dfq
fsf] gf}ugfafasf] gfk k|fb]z, ;"q jf u|xafasf] gfk gf} cdn gf} c\un . fsf gf)
fnfkfns gf) [;+)] != 9f]sfdf kxf lbgnfO{ flvPsf] JolQm 9f]s] . @= sg} k|wfg b]jtfsf
bsf] Ifssf kdf xg] b]jtf . f Ifs gf) [;+)] 9f]s] fkfn . ff lje) [;+) f] Jof
lrXg tkm{af6 dfk{mt af6 n] . flsf gf) [;+)] >Ls[i0fn] a;fn]sf] eftsf] sfl7ofjf8 If
kg]{ Ps kfgf] guL lxGb"xsf rf kLdWo] Ps rf wfddWo] Ps . f] gf) [f P] != cGtk
Os]gL . @= ufpFsf] dlvof;xsf] JolQm . #= 9f]sfsf] Iffvflt flvPsf] JolQm fkfn . l
)] bO{ Ps Pssf] hf]8 . >lu gf) ;\Vofjfrs

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65
639

lhl;bgfTds cfwfdf ljlwu|fXo jf k|fdfl0fs db|f dfGg] k|0ffnL ld;f}6] k|0ffnL . lk gf

;+)] ;F8df lnP vfg] xFbf bO{ afhL kfgL vfg] elgg] hGt cyf{t\ xfQL uh . lkIfLo lj
) [;+)] bj} kIf;Fu ;DalGwt kIfljkIf bjk } l + jbf gf) bj} kIfsf aLrdf xg] p:t}
;f]sf fVg] . ~ k|;l k|lt1f jf ;demf}tf ;lGwkq . lky gf) [;+)] bO{ 7fpFaf6 cfPsf af6f
ldn]sf] 7fpF bf]af6f] . >lkyf gf) klxnf] tyf t];f | ] kfp t]x| dfqfsf] bf];f | ] ty
f rf}yf] kfp P3f dfqfsf] xg] Ps 5Gb . lkblkfb lj) [;+)] != bO{ vf xg] bOv {
gf) @= bO{ vf xg] k|f0fL bf]kfof hGt . > lkbf gf) bO{ r0f dfq xg] Ps k|sfsf] 5G
Crf . lkbL gf) != bO{ r0f dfq xg] Ps k|sfsf] uLlt jf dflqs j[Q . @= tLgtLg k\lQm uL
n]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] lrqsfJo . lafx lj) [;+)] bO{ afx xg] bO{ xft ePsf] -dflg;_ .
llaGb gf) [;+)] zAb jf cIfsf k5fl8 lbOg] bO{ yf]Knf lj;u{ baf;laGb . lefifL gf) [
] bf]ef;] . leh lj) [;+)] != bO6f xft xg] bO{ ehf ePsf] . gf) @= sgf sf]0f . ld
L gf) [;+)] != bO6f vf dv dfq lgsfNb} u]sf] laofpg nfu]sf] ufO{ peodvL ufO{ . lj
) @= bO{lt dv ePsf] bO{dv] . lfudg gf) [;+)] != ljjfx ePkl5 bf];f | ] k6s kltsf 3
f cfPsL aw" . @= bf];|f] k6s cfpg] sfd kgfudg . #= bnfg kmsf{pg] sfd . l?Qm lj) [;
+)] != bf]xf]ofP elgPsf] bO{ rf]l6 elgPsf] . @= bO{ k|sfn] pNn]v ulPsf] . gf) #= k
gs{yg . >l?lQm gf) != Jofs0fsf cg;f zAb jf j0f{ bf]xf]lg] k|lqmof . @= Ps rf]l6 elg;
s]sf] sf] k]ml csf]{ rf]l6 eGg] sfd . #=kg?lQm xFbf kg]{ Ps sfJobf]if . l9f gf) [;+
] bf];|f] ljjfx ug]{ cfOdfO{ bO{kf]On] :jf:gLdfG5] . ljrg gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t Jofs0fsf
cg;f bO{ ;\Vof aemfpg] jrg . lljw lj) [;+)] bO{ k|sfsf] bO{ vfnsf] . lljwf gf
)] bf]wf bf]7f ;Gb]x, wsrs c]d] bljwf . llzlzLif{ lj) [;+)] != bO{ lz eP
@= clUg . #= zq j}L . l;bgfTds lj) [;+)] ljwfgd08n jf ;+;bLo d08nsf] bO{ ;bg xg]
-a]nfotsf] sdg ;ef n8{;ef, eftsf] nf]s;ef

zAb k"jk { bsf kdf xL ljz]iosf] kdf x]sf] pQkbsf] ljz]iftf hfx] uL ;dbfo PsLefj a
g] ;df; bf]af6f], tLgdxfgL, rf}3]f O)_ . lu0f lj) bO{ ugf bugf bf]a . lul0ft
bugf ulPsf] bf]xf]ofOPsf] bf]a ufOPsf] . lu9s gf) ;jfnhjfkm ePsf] ;efjk"0f{
sf] Ps k|sfsf] nf:of\u . lh gf) [;+)] != bO{ k6s hGd]sf] k|f0fL . @= kmnaf6 hGd]sf
] k|f0fL c08h -kIfL, ;k{ cflb_ . #= o1f]kjLt ;+:sf -j|taGw_ ulg] lxGb"xsf] Ps ju{ -a
|fXd0f, IfqL, j}Zo_ . $= a|fXd0f . %= bfFt . lhGdf lj) [;+)] bO{ k6s hGd lng] lh .
lhkltlhfh gf) [;+)] != a|fXd0f . @= rGb|df . #= u?8 . $= z]ifgfu . lhflt gf) [;+)] l
ltLo lj) [;+)] != bf];|f] . @= bf];|f txsf] bf];|f] bhf{sf] . #= csf]{ cGo . ~ cGt lx
doucGt lxdfgL gf) kftjsf cg;f nueu bO{ nfv krf; xhf jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] cGt
Lo lxdfgLkl5 t[tLo lxdfgLeGbf k"j{sf] bO{ lxdousf aLrsf] ;do . ~ v08 gf) e"ue{z
f:qsf cg;f hLjsNksf] ljefhgdf bf];f| ] v08 dWohLjs . ~ >]0fL gf) bf];|f] tx t[tLoeG
bf dflyNnf] bhf{ k|yd >]0fLeGbf tNnf] >]0fL . ~ lxdfgL gf) kftjzf:qsf cg;f nueu kfF
r nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] lxdousf] ;do k|yd cGt lxdfgLeGbf kl5 k|fDe ePsf] lxdou
. >ltLof gf) != s[i0f jf zSn kIfsf] bf];|f] ltly k|ltkbfsf] ef]lnkN6 bltof . lj)
@= cfk"mb]lv csL{ bf];L | . #= bf];f | ] bhf{sL . ltLof>d gf) bf];f | ] cf>d u[x:yf>
d aXdrof{>dkl5sf] cf>d . lTj gf) [;+)] != bO6f xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf bf]xf]f] l:ylt .
@= bOs { f] ;\Vof . #= oUd hf]8f . $= Ps} cgxfsf Ps} cy{sf zAbx k"0f{, cf+lzs ty
f cfkljlt{t kdf bf]xf]lP gofF zAbxsf] lgdf{0f xg] Jofsl0fs k|lqmof l?lQm -emem,
vgvfFrf] O)_ . >lTjLejg gf) lTj xg] k|lqmof zAb jf Jo~hg bf]xf]lP zAb lgld{t xg] Ps
k4lt . lbn lj) [;+)] bO{ kq eP pd|g] bO{ lbpn xg] -rgf, s]fp, bnxg cGg cflb_ . lwf
Jo) [;+)] != bO{ lsl;dn] bO{ tlsfaf6 . @= bO{ efudf bO{ ofsdf . lwft gf) [;+)] b
O{ wftsf d]nn] ag]sf] ldl>t wft . >lwfts lj) bO{ k|sfsf wft ldl;Psf] bO{ leGgl
eGg wftxsf] d]naf6 tof ePsf] . lwfTjLo k|0ffnL gf) ;g, rfFbL cflb bO{ wftsf db|
fnfO{ lglZrt cgkftsf

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\dict Da.p65

l:jf]i7 fHo;ef, g]kfnsf] @)$& ;fnsf] ;+ljwfg cg;fsf] k|ltlglw;ef fli6o;ef O)

Ps :jsf] pRrf0f ub}{ csf]{ :jsf] pRrf0fdf nflug] xgfn] bj} :jsf] ;+oQ  m kdf pRrf
ulg] :j ;+oQm :j . Lk gf) [;+)] != rf}ltaf6 kfgLn] 3]lPsf] cUnf] e"efu 6fk . @
;f k[YjLsf ;ft ljefu -hDa, KnIf, sz, zfNdnL, qmf}~r, zfs kis_ . > LkL lj) != Lk;D
L Lksf] . @= Lk jf 6fkdf uP a:g] . gf) #= af3 . $= lrtjf . ]if gf) [;+)] dg gk]sf]
lQmsf] clxt lrtfpg] dfgl;s k|j[lQ 8fx O{iof{ . @= b:dgL zqtf OaL . > ]if0f gf) !=
ug]{ sfd 8fxf ug]{ lqmof . @= 3[0ff lgGbf . #= zq b:dg . ]ifL lj) != ]if ug]{ 8fx
g]{ . gf) @= zq b:dg j}L . ]io lj) != ]if ug{ plrt 8fxf ug{ ;xfpFbf] . gf) @= ]i
kfq j}L zq . }ul  0fs lj) [;+)] bO{ ugf Aofh lng] jf vfg] 8an Aofh c;n ug]{ -;fx
xfhg_ . }t gf) [;+)] != bO6f xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= hf]8f oun . #= cfgf] csf] l
Ggtf fVg] efj e]befj kIfkft . jfb gf) cfTdf kdfTdf cyjf hLj O{ZjnfO{ leGgleGg t
Ps bfz{lgs l;4fGt c}tjfbsf] pN6f jf To;sf] ljf]wL dt jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) }tjfbsf]
dy{s jf cgofoL . }w gf) [;+)] != bO{ k|sfsf] xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= cGt leGgtf .
#= k:kdf ljf]w xgfsf] efj .
640

$= ;Gb]x z\sf wsrs . %= fhgLltdf csf]{ fi6;Fu Jojxf ubf{ dVo p2]Zo uKt fv] uf}
o k|s6 ug]{ gLlt . ~ zf;g gf) != bO{ leGgfleGg} ju{df ;Qf ljeQm ePsf] zf;gk|0ffn
L s]xL ljefu ;sfsf xftdf s]xL ljefu hgk|ltlglwsf xftdf xg] Ps zf;gk|0ffnL . @= bO6f
;QflwsfLn] Ps} ;dodf Ps} b]zdf rnfpg] bf]xf]f] zf;g . -c+zj  df{sf] ;dodf g]kfnd
f }wzf;g rn]sf] lyof] ._ > }wLs0f gf) bO{ efudf ljeflht ug]{ sfd bO{ v08df 5lg] jf
5fpg] lqmof bO{ 7Gsf jf bO{ ofs kfg]{ sfd . }wLefj gf) != bO{ lsl;dsf] xgfsf] e
j jf l:ylt lwf efj }w . @= leq aflx a]Unfa]Un} ljrf ePsf] cj:yf . #= bljwfsf] efj
f ;Gb]x . }kfog gf) [;+)] dxfeft, kf0f cflb kf}fl0fs u|Gysf rlotf j]bJof; . }Ko
!= Lk;DaGwL Lksf] . @= Lk jf 6fkdf xg] Lkdf pTkGg xg] . }dft lj) [;+)] != bO6
g] -JolQm_ . gf) @= u0f]z . #= hf;Gw . }fHo gf) [;+)] sg} ba{n jf kflht fHodf cGo b
zlQmzfnL b]zsf] ;+oQm k|eTj tyf zf;gJoj:yf . y{y{s lj) [;+)] bO{ jf bO{ k|sfsf
nfUg] bO6f cy{ ePsf] . fIffo0f gf) [;+)] kf0fsfnLg Ps tk:jL Clifsf] gfd . f]i7
)] bO{ cf]7sf ;xfotfn] pRrlt xg] Wjlg_ . -k ju{_ .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
641
ww8\ufxf

w
w b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] pGgfO;f}F Jo~hg
bGTo, :kzL{, 3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg tju{sf] rf}yf] j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0
f{ jf cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg sfFw]nf}L w . wu/ ] f] gf) x]) wo]F/f] . wk '
lj) [;+) cGwk' > cFwk' > wFk ' P] ;'g;fg cFWoffdf PSn} al;x]sf] w'dw'dtL al;xg] . w
) [WjfF;f]Oof] WjfF;]
sf] sfnf] k'm;|f] j0f{sf] . ws\g c) lqm) [ws g] rfF8f]rfF8f
k]mbf{ d6 rNg kl>d jf udL{n] bd a9\g :jfF:jfF xg . ws gf) [wfs] 8, nfh, ;\sf]r
cflbaf6 dgdf k}bf xg] efj 7"nfa8f gf}nf JolQmxsf cufl8 ;fgfnfO{ xg] ;\sf]r . wsws
gf) [c) d") ws\ c (l))] . != d6 xNnFbf cfpg] Wjlg wsws, 9s9s . lqm) lj) @= d6
 xNng] uL d6 yyfP . wsfO gf) [ ws\ ( cfO)] != wSg] cj:yf jf lqmof k|lqmof . [wsf
wsfpg] cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . #= ws dfGgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . [ > ] wsfOg c) lqm)
!= wSg] jf wsfpg] xf]Og . @= ws nflug . wsfpg c) lqm) ! wSg] sfd xg bd a9\g
:jfF:jfF ug{ . @= ws nfUg, cba dfGg ;\sf]rfpg nhfpg . wsf gf) [;+)] w cIf tju
}yf] j0f{ . wsfn lj) [ws\ cfn] != wSg] f]u nfu]sf] . @= wSg] jf wsfpg] :jefjsf] wsf
xf . wsfxf lj) [ws\ cfxf] != wSg] :jefjsf] wsfn . @= wSg] f]u nfu]sf] . wlsg c) lqm)
[ws\ O g] wSg] jf rfF8f]rfF8f] ;f; k]mg]{ xf]Og . wsjf lj) [ws\ pjf] bdsf] f]un] ;tf
Psf] bd a9]sf] wDsLsf] f]u ePsf] wsfxf . wlsnf] lj) [ws\ Onf]] b]Vt}df ws nfUg] ws df
vfnsf] . ws]f gf) [ws\ Pf] udL{ jf ysfOaf6 a9]sf] Zjf; k|Zjf; bd :jfF:jfF . ws]n \
lqm) [wSsf Pn\ g] hf]8l;t 7]Ng wSsf lbg 7]nfOdf kfg{ kk ;fb}{ n}hfg 3r6 ] g \
\  . > ws]nf gf) ws]Ng] sfd wSsf . ws]nfO gf) ws]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ws]nfOg s
) lqm) ws]Ng nfOg ws]Ng] kflg . ws]nfpg k|) ] lqm) ws]Ng nfpg ws]Ng] kfg{ . ws
]nfws]n k:kdf ws]Ng] sfd k:ksf] ws]nfO 36]rf3r]6 . ws]lng s) lqm) ws]Ng] sfd ulg
qm) lj) [c) d") ws\ s] != k:kdf 7]Nbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= ux|f}F efL eO{Fdf fVbf zAb
g:sg] uL . gf) #= wSsf . wSsdwSsf gf) [wSsf (l))] k:ksf] ws]nfO 3r]6f3r]6 7]nd7]n . w
sf gf) [;+) wSs\ cf] != sg} j:tsf] csf]{ j:t;u F ePsf] hf]8l;tsf] hwfO 7f]lsg] sfd
7Ss . @= ws]Ng] jf 7]Ng] sfd wSSofO . #= bMv, zf]s, xflg cflbaf6 xg] dfgl;s rf]6
cfGtls cf3ft . > wlSsg c) lqm) wSsf vfg . ~ wSsL gf) k:ksf] wSsf jf 7]nfO Pscsf{df
Ssf kUg] jf kofpg] sfd ws]nfws]n . wf gf) ws ;\sf]r . wSs gf) [wfs p] kmf];|f]
] kmtL{ jfkm . wSSofO gf) [wSSofp ( cfO)] wSSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof ws]nfO . [> ] wSS
fOg s) lqm) wSsf lbOg . wSSofpg ;) lqm) != Psn] csf{nfO{ a];L wSsf lbg ws]Ng 7]N
g . @= rfFlxbf]eGbf a9L xfNg sf]Rg . #= ;dfKt ug{ l;4fpg . $= kG5fpg k ;fg{ .
wh gf) [;+) Wjh] != cfgf] sdhf]L nsfP aflx kmtL{ b]vfpg] sfd ;]vL ths 3dG8 . @=
8s b]vfpg] sfd 7fF6afF6 . whf gf) [whf]sf] lt) )] whf] . ~ whL gf) ;fgf7"nf whfxsf] ;
d"x . wlhnf] lj) [whwhf Onf]] != ;]vL ug]{ 3dG8L . @= 7fFl6nf] e8\lsnf] . #= wh}whfn]
elPsf] whfx 6fFluPsf] . wh}whf gf) [whf P] whf] ;fgf7"nf w]} whfsf] ;d"x whfwhL . whf
[;+ Wjh] != emG8f Wjhf . @= b]jb]jLnfO{ r9fOg] jf ln\ufxdf 6fFlug] sk8fsf] ;fgf] 6
qmf] ktfsf . #= s5f8sf] kdf klxlg] sk8fsf] 7"nf] 6qmf] wf] . wHhL gf) [whf O{] s;}sf
dhf]L jf gfd|f] sf vf]tNg] sfd To:tf] sfdf p8fOg] lvNnL kbf{kmf; . w8\g ;) lqm)
= f]un] u|:t tNofpg l;ls:t xg . @= s8fOsf ;fy kqmg . #= cfqmd0f ug{ emD6g .
$= hah:tLl;t c;npk ug{ . w8 gf) [k|f)] != 6fpsf], xft, vf cflb c\uafx]ssf] zL . @
f] kl5Nnf] efudf sx hf]l8P xg] d"n xL . w8\ufxf lj) [w8 c\u cfxf] 7"nf] w8 ePsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

w8ks8wgs6f ePsf] (JolQm) . w8ks8 gf) [w8 ks8 ] != w8\ g ] kqmg] sfd hah:tL;Fu ulg]
fp . @= sl8s8fp;Fu tflstf ug]{ jf ;dfpg] sfd . #= f]un] a];L RofKg] l:ylt l;ls:tL .
w8fO gf) [w8 ( cfO)] w8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] w8fOg s) lqm) w8\g nfOg w8\g
] kfl/g . w8fpg k|) ] lqm) w8\g nfpg w8\g] kfg{ . w8fw8 l+qm) lj) [w8\ cf w8\] rfF8
f]rfF8f] sfd l;4fpg] uL ;f; wdfwd vfv . > w8fw8L lqm) lj) w8fw8;Fu . wl8g s) lq
= w8\g] sfd ulg . @= u|:t kflg . w8\sg c) lqm) [w8sg g] 8 jf kl>dn] rfF8f]rfF8f]
rNg d6 9s9s ug{ d6 xNng . w8\sg gf) [w8\s cg] d6 xNnFbf pTkGg xg] zAb x[b
oultsf] tLj| sDkg wsws . w8\sfO gf) [w8s\ ( cfO)] != w8\sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[w8\sfp cfO] @= w8\sfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] w8\sfOg s) lqm) w8\sg] jf w
8\sfpg] sfd ulg . w8\sfpg k|]) lqm) != w8\sg] kfg{ w8\sg nfpg . @= sg} sfd pT;fx
sf ;fy rfF8f]rfF8f] ug{ . #= xtfxtf uL sg} sfd l;4fpg . $= k]o kbfy{ 36f36 lkpg .
w8\lsg c) lqm) != w8\sg . s) lqm) @= w8\sg] xf]Og . w8\SofO gf) w8\lsg] cj:yf j
f lqmofk|lqmof . w8fDd lqm) lj) [c) d") w8fd\ d] != sg} 7"nf] ux|\uf] j:t dflyaf6
lFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= n8\bf jf k5flFbf zAb lg:sg] rfnn] . #= tf]k, aGbs cflb k8
\sFbf cfjfh lg:sg] uL . $= ofn, 9f]sf cflb hf]8;Fu vf]Nbf jf aGb ubf{ zAb lg:s] . w
t\ lj) af]) [;+) w"t] != lgGbf jf lt:sf aemfpg] zAb . @= lt:sfsf ;fy s;}nfO{ k x6fpg
f lglDt k|of]u ulg] zAb . #= vfa sfdsf] eGg] jf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ km6\sflg] zAb wt\ . w
\ofO gf) [ wtfp ( cfO)] wtfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] wtfOg s) lqm) wtfpg] sfd
lqm) [w"t { c\u ofp g] t?Gtft?Gt} wt ] nfg . wtfO gf) [wtfp ( cfO)] wtfpg] efj, l
f jf k|lqmof . [> ] wtfOg s) lqm) != wtfpg] kflg wtfOg . c) lqm) @= wtfpg] xf]Og
 . wtfpg c) lqm) != lgb|fdf a];;Fu sfpg . @= a];sf sf ug{ af}nfpg ;Gsg . wt
) wtfpg] :jefjsf] wtfpg] . wtO { lj) wtfpg] :jefjsL (:qL) .
642

wt\uf] lj) [wtfp p\uf]] != p6\k6f :jefjsf] p6\Uofxf . @= cw{l;NnL c4{ljlIfKt kun
O gf) [ wtfp ( cfO)] wtfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] wtfOg c) lqm) wtfpg] x
. wtfpg c) lqm) [wtf] cfp g] wtf] vfP hyfefjL af]Ng lgb|fdf a];;Fu kmtkmtfp
 wtfpg . > wtlg c) lqm) wtfpg] xf]Og . wt ] lj) [wtf] P] wtfpg] wtfpg]
~ kmn gf) wtfsf] h:tf] kmNg] Ps hftsf] k"mn . wtf] gf) [;+) wQ"] laANofF6fkl sfnf
sfnf] ;ANofF6flt xlofkft xg], sfF8}sfF8fn] elPsf 7"nf kmn kmNg] ;]tf], sfnf], kx
f], ftf] gLnf] uL kfFr yL k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . wtnfO gf) [wtnfp ( cfO)] wt
pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] wtnfOg c) lqm) hyfefaL af]lng, wtfOg . wtnf
pg c) lqm) [wtf] cfp g] wtfpg . > wtlng c) lqm) wtnfpg] xf]Og . wtnL lj) [wt
] O{] wtnfpg] wtnfpg] :jefjsL (:qL) . wtn ] lj) [wtnf] P] wtnfpg] :jefjsf] wtnfpg
] . wtnf] lj) [wtf]] wtnfpg] :jefjsf] gzfn] af}nfpg] . wt]nf gf) nueu tLg ld6 cUnf
] xg], bfFtL k]sf] jf gk]sf] efnfh:tf] kft xg], ;]tf] k"mn kmNg] sfF8fbf Ps af]6
. wQ]l lj) af]) [wt\ t]f] O{] != grflxFbf] sfd ug]n { fO{ xKsfpg] zAb wt\ . @= sg} sf
ePu]sf]df k5tf] dfg] elgg] zAb . wTof}f] lj) [wt\ of}f]] != xKsfpgkg]{ jf lt:sf ul
fjsf] . @= emu8fn . #= 5Rrf] :jefj ePsf] (dfG5]) . wg gf) [;+)] != hLjglgjf{xdf
;xfotf kofpg] sdfpg jf k|fKt ug{ kl>d, kh F L, ;do nufpgkg]{ d"Nojfg\ kbfy{ ;Dk
lQ (v]t, hldg, 3, ?lkofFk; } f O)) . @= oy]i6 dfqfdf xg] pSt k|sfsf] sg} rLh (uf]wg,
cZjwg O)) . #= sg} j:t;u F ljlgdo ug{ ;lsg] jf nufgL ulg] nf]sJojxfdf k|rlnt dVo
kn] rfFbL, tfdf, lkQn, ;g cflbsf] l;Ssf, ?lkofFk};f . $= ljBf, al4, wd{, sd{ c
flb . %= k|f0f;dfg kdlk|o JolQm (pbf) cfgf hLjgwg g} lanfPkl5 larL s] ug\ ) ^= hGds0
df hGdnUgaf6 bf];|f] :yfg . &= ul0ftdf hf]8\g] jf ldnfpg] lrXg hf]8 ( ) . *= lx;fal
stfadf s;}sf gfpFdf hDdf ePsf] sdsnd (qm]l86) . wgs6f gf) [;+) wgs6 cf] g]kfnsf] k"jf
{~rn ljsf;If]qdf kg]{ sf];L c~rncGtu{tsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf To;} lhNnfsf] ;b dsfd .
> wgs6fnLwgs6]wgs6]nL lj) !=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
643

wgsa]/wg tyf ufO{e}F;L afFWgsf lglDt agfOPsf] s6]f] vf]Ndf . wgl;L gf) [;+) wgf>L]
g]kfnL nf]suLtdf k|rlnt Ps lsl;dsf] fu jf no . wgx gf) [;+)] != k|z:t wfg kmNg] v]t
. @= wfgv]t . wgxLg lj) [;+)] wg gePsf] lgw{g ulk . wgfO gf) [wfg\ ( cfO)] wfGg] efj
qmof jf k|lqmof . [>] wgfOg s) lqm) wfGg nfOg wfGg] kflg . wgfpg k|) ] lqm) wfGg
nfpg wfGg] kfg{ . wgf9 lj) [;+)] k|z:t wg ePsf] kh F Lklt, dxfhg . wgfTds lj) [;+
)] != wg ePsf] kIfn] oQm . @= wgkIf;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ s0f gf) wgfTds ljBt\zlSt ePs
f] kdf0fsf s]Gb|df xg] Ps k|sfsf] cToGt ;"Id s0f wg ljBtf0f . wgfb]z gf) [;+)] !=
;}nfO{ sg} wg lbg] cfb]z jf cf1f . @= xnfscfff sg} cGo 7fpFdf xg] JolQmnfO{ k7fOg] w
dgLcf8{ . wgflwk gf) [;+)] != wgsf] dflns sa] . wgfWoIf gf) [;+)] wgsf cWoIf sa ]
sf] sff]af ug]{ JolQm sf]iffWoIf vhfGrL . wgf gf) [wfg cf] fd|f] ememfpFbf] wfg
jn bhf{sf] v]t wgx . wgfyL{ lj) [;+)] != wg cfh{g ug]{ sdfpg] . @= wgsf] cfzf fVg] wg
f] OR5s . wgf>L gf) [;+)] != lbpF;f] ufOg], jL;n] elPsf] flugL . @= ?b|fIfsf cfsfsf]
dfnf nufOg] Ps hftsf] kmn . wlgs lj) [;+)] != wg ePsf] wgL . gf) @= wg xg] JolQm
. #= C0f lbg] JolQm ;fx" dxfhg . wlgof gf) [;+) wGofs] ;;fgf kft x'g] ;]tf, v}f dl;gf
k"mn k'mNg], b'O{ kmUNofF6f] eP 5'lg], dl;gf bfgf kmNg] k|foM crf, tsfL cflbdf d;nfs
f kdf k|o'Qm x'g] emf To;}sf] kmn jf u]8f . wlgi7f gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] t]O;f}F
gIfq kfFr tff ePsf gf} pmWj{dv ' gIfqdWo] Ps . wgL lj) [;+)] != wg;DklQ k|z:t x'g] w
gjfg\ wlgs . @= cnfO{ lg lbg ;Sg] ;fx" . #= dflns :jfdL . gf) $= wgjfg\ JolQm . %= s
k|sfsf] ;Lk, u'0f cflbdf ;j{>]i7 (dgsf] wgL, ljBfsf] wgL O)) . ~ k'hf{ gf) ;DalGwt
dfnkf]t sfof{noaf6 hUufwgLsf] k|df0f:jk lbOg] hUufwgLk|df0fkhf{ . af]6L gf) df]xL
n] hUufwgLnfO{ aemfpgkg]{ pAhgLsf] lglZrt efu clwofF jf 7]Ssf tlN;n] kfpg] hUufsf
] lglZrt cfDbfgL . dfgL lj) != wg Pj+ dfg bj} ePsf] . @= wgn] dflgPsf] . wg gf)
[;+)] != afF; jf kmnfdsf sK6]fsf bO{ 6Kkf

wgs6fsf] afl;Gbf . @= wgs6f;DaGwL . ] ;dfgsf] wgL 7"nf] wgL k|z:t wgsa ] lj) [;+)]
;DklQjfn . wg hdfgL gf) [wg hdfgL] != c;fdLn] aemfpgkg]{ sd jf k"f ug{kg]{ sfdsf gu
f cfk"mn] ;f] sd aemfpFnf egL ug]{ san . @= To:tf] san ug]{ JolQm . #= hdfgt fl
vPsf] sd . ~ kq gf) efsfleq sg} sd aemfpg g;s]df d aemfpFnf egL ekbf]{ JolQmn] ul
sfuh wghdfgL a:g]sf] lnvt . wg~ho gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf zLleq xg] kf]l;nf] jfo . @=
wgnfO{ lhTg] JolQm ch{g . #= clUg . ~ uf]q gf) wg~ho Clifsf] sn jf j+zsf] klrfos gf
d -o; uf]qdf xdfufO{F, lhfn, ku]FgL, a;]n, sssf6], ufufO{F, e;fn, u}LlkKnL, vnfn
:g]t vnfn a9fyf]sL k5{g\ ._ . wgtn] jffxL gf) nlntk ;xsf Onfsfdf x]sL Ps b]jL rf
LdWo] Ps . wgb lj) [;+)] != wg jf ;DklQ lbg] . gf) @= sa ] . wg bf}nt gf) [;+) wg c) b
f}nt] wg;DklQ >L;DklQ . wgwfGo gf) [;+)] wg, wfg cflb ljljw lsl;dsf] ;DklQ >L;DklQ P
]Zjo{ . wgklt gf) [;+)] != wgL JolQm wg ePsf] dfG5] . @= vhfGrL sf]iffWoIf . #= sa] .
wg lkzfr gf) [;+)] slt g} wg eP tfklg slxNo} gkUg] JolQm b|Jolkzfr . wgkTnf gf)
[wg kTnf] r}tj}zfvlt kfgL kgf{;fy df6fdlgaf6 lg:sg] kv]6f xg] sldnf]h:tf] sLf] wldf
] . wg k|i] f0ffb]z gf) [;+)] xnfs cfaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf ?lkofFk; } f k7fpgkbf{ kfOg
] Ps k|sfsf] r]s wgfb]z dgLc8{ . wgdlt lj) [;+)] wg sdfpg] dfq nIo ePsf] . wgdQ lj) [
+)] wgn] dflQPsf] ;DklQsf] ;]vL ug]{ . wgdfn gf) [wg dfn] rncrn ;DklQ hfoh]yf wg;DklQ
. wgflz gf) [;+)] != wgsf] ykf| ] . @=Hof]ltifsf afx| flzdWo] Ps flz . wgjfg\ lj) [;
+)] k|z:t wg ePsf] wgL cld . wg ljBtf0f gf) [;+)] ljBtLo kdf0fxdf wgof]u ePsf] k
f wgfTds s0f jf c0f . wgzfnL lj) [;+)] wgjfg\ wgL . wg ;DklQ gf) [;+)] != w]} d"No
kg]{ qmoljqmo ug{ ;lsg] ;a} lsl;dsf j:t ?lkofFk};f, hldg, hfoh]yf cflb d"Nojfg\
j:t . @= sg} JolQm, ;dfh jf fi6 cflbsf] clwsfdf xg] pSt j:t . wg;f gf) [;+) wfGozf
!= wfg flvg] 3 9s6L . @= dflyNnf tnfdf dfn;fdfg fVg tNnf tnfdf bfpfkft

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

wgu{0fwk]8\g gxfP tL 6Kkfdf klGhf] afFwL af0f xfGg agfOPsf] c:qljz]if . @= Ps k

|sfsf] un]nL . #= afx| flzdWo] Ps . $= wgsf cfsfsf] ?jf km8\sfg]{ ;fwg . %= :ofv
aGg] Ps pks0f . sf0f gf) != wg sf0f . @= sf0f xfGg] wg . #= wgdf fv] xflgg] sf
f . af; gf) wg'if cflb agfpg klg ;lsg], rfd|f], vFlbnf] alnof], 6'Kkf]rflxF wg'h:t
}, g'x'g] Ps k|sfsf] afF; . wg'u'{0f gf) [;+)] wg'sf b'O{ 6'Kkfdf afFlwg] 8f]L wg'sf
] tfFbf] klGhf] . wg'ux |{ x:t gf) [;+)] jf:t' jf d"lt{snfdf k|oQ ' m x'g] ;QfO; c
\u
'nafasf] kldf0f . wg'w { gf) [;+)] != wg' lng] JolQm . @= wg' rnfpgdf l;kfn' JolQm .
wg'wf{L lj) [;+)] != wg' wf0f ug]{ wg' lng] . @= wg' rnfpgdf l;kfn' . gf) #= wg' ln
g] JolQm wg'w{ . wg'dl {' i6 x:t gf) [;+)] jf:t' jf d"lt{snfdf k|oQ ' m x'g] gfkf] 5
AaL; c
\u'nafasf] kldf0f . wg'jf{0f gf) [;+)] wg' jf0fsf] c:q wg' af0f . wg'jf{t
)] wg'h:t} eP zL skf | ] kg]{ Ps vfnsf] f]u wg'i6f l66fg; . wg'lj{Bf gf) [;+)] wg
snf l;sfpg] ljBf wg';DaGwL 1fg . wg'jb {] gf) [;+)] ljz]if kn] wg' rnfpg] ljBfsf]
lgk0f ePsf] zf:q oh'j]{bsf] Ps pkj]b . wg'if gf) [;+)] != jf:t' jf d"lt{snfdf k|oQ
' m x'g,] rf lsAs jf rf d' 8 Lxftafasf] gfk 5ofgAa] c
\u'nafasf] gfk . @= wg' wg';
f gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf] dWodf~rn If]qleq kg]{ hgsk' c~rnsf] Ps lhNnf . wg'iffsf gf) [;+
)] != wg'ifsf] h:tf] jf wg'h:t} ePsf] cfsf . lj) @= To:t} cfsfsf] . ~ tfn gf) af9L
cfPsf] a]nf gbLn] af6f] k]mbf{ ag]sf] wg'ifsf] h:tf] cfsf k]sf] tfn . wg'i6
\sf gf) [;
+)] != wg'df af0f fv] xfGbf pTkGg x'g] zAb . @= 3fpvl6f cflbn] ljiffSt eO{ ub{g lkl7
pF skf | ] kg]{ Ps vfnsf] f]u l66fg; . wgidfg\ gf) [;+)] != wg wf0f ug]{ JolQm wgw
. @=pQ lbzfsf] Ps kj{t . wg]z gf) [;+)] != wgsf] dflns . @= sa] . #= lji0f . $= hGd
s08nLdf nUgaf6 bf];f | ] :yfgdf x]sf] jf alnof] b[li6 k]sf] u|x . wg]Zj gf) [;+)] !=
wgsf] dflns . @= sa] . #= lji0f . $= afUdtL c~rncGtu{t sfe|] lhNnfdf kg]{ wfGgLk"
l0f{df
644

;f]kl5sf] k~rdLdf 7"nf] d]nf nfUg] dxfb]jsf] k|l;4 dlGb . wg]; gf) ub{g rRrf] a9L
nfdf] xg] vf;d]t cUnf eO{ ndsnds u] lxF8g] Ps hftsf] rf] . wGbf gf) [wGwf] != s
g sfdsfh lau|]nf ls eg] dgdf kg]{ lknf] . @= zf]s;tf{ lrGtf . #= sfdwGbf . $= 3]n
sfdsfh wGwf . %= hLljsf]kfh{gsf lglDt ulg] sfd k];f . ^= pBf]uwGwf . &= efF8f dfg] s
fd . wGb] lj) [wGbf P] wGbf ug]{ . ~ efu gf) 3wGbf ug]{ JolQmsf lglDt k ;flg] efu wGb
g]{nfO{ lbOg] efu . wGwf gf)x]) wGbf . wGgwGg] lj) [;+) wGo] wGo . ~ xf] lj) af]) v
;L jf Jo\Uodf k|s6 ulg] pb\uf ;fx|} fd|f] axt eof] kUof] (pbf) wGg xf], tkfO{n +
ghsf nflu w]} uge { of] lbgel ;t] a:of} xf]Og < wGg] xf] ) wGo lj) [;+)] != ljz]if
of]Uotf jf o:t} sf0fn] k|z; + f ug{ of]Uo fd|f] sfd ug]{ . @= s[tfy{ s[ts[To . lj) a
f]) fd|f] jf axfbLsf] sfd ug]n { fO{ k|z; + f ubf{ elgg] zAb wGowfGo . > wGoDdGo lj
) cfk"mnfO{ wGo efUodfgL 7fGg] . jfb gf) != pksf, cgu|x cflb u]sf]df s[t1tf k|s6 u
elgg] zAb ;fwjfb . @= k|z+;f tflkm . jfb 1fkg gf) s;}n] u]sf] pksf, cgu|x cflbsf
s[t1tf hgfpg] sfd s[t1tf1fkg . wGof gf) [;+)] != wfO{cfdf wfO{ . @= cdnf . #= wlgo
fF . lj) $= k|z; + f ug{ nfossL (:qL) . wGjGtl gf) [;+)] != cfojb {] zf:qsf k|jt{
s k|l;4 cfrfo{ b]jtfxsf j}B . @= lji0fsf rf}aL; cjtfdWo] Ps . #= ;db|dGygaf6 lg:s
]sf rf}w TgdWo] Ps . $= fhf ljqmdflbTosf ;efsf gjTgdWo] Ps . wGjL lj) [;+)] != wgwf
{0f ug]{ wgwf{L . gf) @= wg lng] JolQm wgw{ . #= ch{g . $= fd . wkSs lqm) lj) [c
") wks\ s] != aQL, cfuf] cflb PsfPs aNg] jf lgEg] uL . @= k rf}k vn] jf l;Fufk6f u]
t ;lhg] uL . wkfO gf) [ wkfp ( cfO)] wkfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] wkfOg s) lqm) nuf
lg nv]l6g . wkfpg ;) lqm) [;+) wfjg cfp g] != sg} 7fpFaf6 s;}nfO{ x6fpg nufg{ v
nv]6\g . @= b]zlgsfnf ug{ b]zaf6 lgjf{;g ug{ . #= la:tf} lxF8]sf] ufO{a:tnfO{
k5fl8af6 v]b\g . > wlkg s) lqm) wkfpg] sfd ulg nv]l6g . wk]8\g ;) lqm) [wk]8L g]
!= wfjf kg]{ uL nv]6g \  v]b\g . @= wk]8L ug{ . > wk]8 gf) wfjf kg]{ l:ylt

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
645

wk]8Lwk]Lw dgdf z\sf pAhg . %= sf0fjz :g]x, k|]d cflb sd xg . ^= Jojxf tyf 3u[x:
u|g . wldnf] lj) [;+) w"dn] != w"nf], sl;\u cflb k] d}nf] ePsf] (kfgL) . @= fd|f];Fu
gb]lvg] c:ki6 . #= pHh gePsf] . $= b"lift ljrf ePsf] . ~ kfgL gf) hfF8 lao . > wldNof
gf) wldNofpg] jf wldnf] xg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . wldNofOg s) lqm) wldnf] kflg
 . wldNofpg ;) lqm) != ;\nf] z4 kfgLnfO{ d}nf xfnL wldnf] kfg{ . @= dg jf ljrfn
fO{ sn\lst jf b"lift kfg{ . wd]n gf) [wfdL Pn] wfdLsf] sfd jf k];f . > wd]nL lj) wd]
n;DaGwL wfdLn] ug]{ (w"kwjfF cflb) . wd]nL gf) [wfdf PnL] sg} sfd wdfwd;Fu ug]{ lqmof
k|lqmof d]xgtsf] sfdufO . wd]nf]! gf) [wd]n cf]] wfdLn] ug]{ sfd wd]nL . wd]nf]@ gf) [
fdf Pnf]] wdfwdsf] sfdufO . wDsf gf) [wDsfO] kf8faf5f cflbn] b"w vfFbf dfpsf kmfFrfd
f lbg] wSsf . wDsfO gf) [wDsfp ( cfp)] wDsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [> ] wDsfOg s) lqm) wD
sfpg] kflg wDsfpg] sfd ulg . wDsfpg ;) lqm) [wlDs cfp g] wDsL lbg xKsfpg xsfg{
{ 8fF6\g . wlDsg c) lqm) [wDsL g] != wDsLsf] 8 xg . @= bRsg xRsg . wDsL! gf) [
wdg] :jfF:jfF xg] f]u bd . wDsL@ [;+) wd\ sL] != ;hfo lbg] 8 b]vfpg] sfd xKsL . @= 8
F6 km6sf bKsL . wDSofO gf) [wlDs ( ofO)] wlDs lbg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . wDdw; lj
d w:;] != df]6f]3f6f], sfnf] cUnf] e;lt3|] . @= WjfF;] ePsf] . lqm) lj) #= ;Stf] s
]l;; u] el;Ss] edUb . wlDdNn [;+)] != skfnsf] rN7f] s]zsnfk . @= k"mn, uxgf cflb
Psf] skfn . wo] f] gf) [;+) wftsL] ;;fgf kft x'g] ftf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f
xL af]6sf] k"mn wFu]/f] . w\g ;) lqm) [;+) w g] != wf0f ug{ lng ;dfpg . @= c8
yfDg . #= fVg Iff ug{ . w! lj) [;+)] != wf0f ug]{ lng] u|x0f ug]{ (h:tf] wgw{
. @= n8\g, v:g glbg] yfDg] . gf) #= ;dfTg] lqmof kqmg] sfd . $= sg} j:t cl8g] jf y
fldg] cfwf 6]jf . %= sR5k kwfL lji0f . ^= kj{t . w@ gf) [k|f)] sk8f cflbsf] nfdf] 6
mf] wf] .

wk]8fO ysfO . wk]8fO gf) wk]l8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . wk]8fOg s) lqm) wk]l8g] k
flg wkfOg . wk]8fpg k|) ] lqm) wk]8g \ nfpg wkfpg . wk]l8g c) lqm) lxF8fO jf sg
sfdaf6 Hofbf yfSg wk]8L ug{ . wk]8Lwk]L gf) [;+) wfjg] != nuftfsf] lxF8fO jf a9\tf
sfdaf6 xg] cTolws kl>d wfdf . @= hLpn] g;Sg] sfdaf6 xg] zfLls lzlyntf . wkf]6 gf)
[c) bk\mcft] 9kf]6 . wKsfbf lj) [wKsf] bf] wKsf] ePsf] wKk aNg] . wKk lqm) lj) [c) d")
wk\ k] != PsfPs cfuf], aQL cflb aNg] jf lgEg] uL . @= nuf, uxgf cflbn] l;Fuflg] uL em
lsemsfp emlem . wAaf gf) [lx)] != bfu 6f6f] . @= bf]if sn\s . #= cff]k cleof]u .
[;+)] != cfuf] kmSg] sfd . @= vnfFtL rnfpg] sfd . wdgL gf) [;+)] != x[boaf6 ljle
Gg c\udf ut hfg] gf8L lzf . @= ub{g unf] 3fF6L 3f]qmf] . wdfwd lqm) lj) [;+) wdwdf]
} sfd ;f; ulxg] uL nuftf lgGt . gf) @= wfjfwfjf;Fu sg} sfd ulg] lqmofk|lqmof .
wd\ cf] != eOx]sf] sfdnfO{ Wj:t kfg]{ sfd . @= pkb|f] pTkft . #= alnx]sf] cfufdf ;fwx
sb\g] lqmof . $= w"drqm dRrfpg] sfd . > wdfL gf) != pwd dRrfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . @=
pkb|f] pTkft . #= grflxFbf];u F rnfrn v]nff w"drqm dRrfpg] sfd . lj) $= wdf;DaGwL .
wdf; != s;}nfO{ b]vfOg] dkfO{Fk"0f{ zlQm wfs 3dG8 . @= rgf}tL xfFs nnsf . wldgL gf)
fdL gL] != wfdLemfFqmLsf] sfd ug]{ cfOdfO{ . @= wfdLsL :jf:gL . wldf gf) [wldf]sf] lt
) )] wldf] . ~ wldL gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} wldf wldfxsf] ;d"x . wld] lj) [wldf] P] !=
jefj ePsf] . @= cfg} cf>o:yn cfkmGt;d]tnfO{ leqleq} ghflgFbf] lsl;dn] vf]qmf] kfg
]{ -JolQm_ . wldf] gf) df6fdfly /flvPsf sf7 cflbdf df6f] ykfL nSg] 7fpF agfP/ a:g
] / la:tf/} sf7 cflbnfO{ vfFb} hfg], sldnfsf cfsf/sf] Ps hftsf] /ftf] / v}/f] sL
/f] sf7, lstfa cflbnfO{ l5ofl5of kf/]/ gi6 ug]{ sL/f] . wldlng c) lqm) [wldnf] O g] !
= wldnf] xg kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ d}lng . @= cfFvfn] fd|L 7Dofpg g;Sg . #= afbn nfu
] ;"o{sf] k|sfz 5]lsgfn] :ki6l;t gb]lvg . $=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

wwlqL w# lqm) lj) [c) d") wt\ > w\] ssnfO{ efUg nufpg elgg] zAb . w$ gf) [;+)] !
] sfd ul;s]kl5 xg] zflGt ;v . @=56sff dlQm . #= l:ytf w}o{ . $=;d nfh . ~ 5f8f
w}o{ xfPsf] r~rn rsrs] . @= dgkL ug]{ ult5f8f . #= nfh;d gePsf] na:tf] lgn{Hh . w
+)] != wf0f ug]{ lqmof jf efj . @= cf>o vfFaf] . #= Ifs . $= Ps k|sfsf] kfgf] tf}nsf
] kldf0f . %= df6fsf ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] txdf hDg] sfnf] kq . w0fL gf) [;+)] ljleGg Tg
wf0f ug]{ u|x k[YjL wtL . ~ sGb gf) agt?n . s0f jg:klt, hLjhGt cflb slxP kfgLdf
ljs of}lus kbfy{ aGg] sfd . w gf) != k[YjLnfO{ wf0f ug]{ k|f0fL z]ifgfu . @= k[YjLwf
kxf8 kj{t . #= dxfsR5k . $= lji0f . %= lbzfkL xfQL lbUuh . ~ klt gf) fhf . > w0fLZj
) != w0fLsf O{Zj . @= fhf e"klt . #= lzj . ~ ;tf gf) ;Ltf hfgsL . wtL gf) [;+) wl
jL hldg . kq gf) != wtLsf] 5f]f] dflg; . @=hLj k|f0fL . #= k?iffyL{ JolQm dxfk?
ww lqm)lj) [c) d") w/\ c (l))] wff nfu] kfgL emg]{ uL wffaf6 kfgL v;]em}F . > ww
g]{ ;fwg wff] . wwL lqm) lj) wwsf] l56f] rfn;Fu . wks8 gf) [w\ ks8] != sl8s8fpsf
sfd . @= wdfwd cfqmd0f ub}{ ;dfpg] rfn w8ks8 . wd gf) [;+) wdf{] wd{ . sd gf) wd{sd
. ~ esfL gf) :yfgLo hgtfaf6 ;fdflhs sNof0fsf nflu p7fP hDdf ulPsf] cGgsf]if wd{esfL
wdef6L gf) [wlg ef6f]] 3 5fpFbf 3sf] bfFtLdf jNnfkNnf 5]pdf bj}ltaf6 sl;Psf] ef6
bf u?ef6f]eGbf dlg flvPsf] ef6f] . wd gf) [c) d") w\ c (l))] != lFu6f nfu] jf zfL
sf0fn] fd|L vf 6]Sg g;lsg] cj:yf . @= bf]wf wsrs ;Gb]x . lqm)lj) #= lFu6f jf sd
n8\g vf]h ] 9gdlgFb} . > wdfO gf) wdfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . wdfOg c) lqm) w
l:yltdf klug . wdfp gf) wdfpg] jf cndlng] cj:yf cl:ytf . wdfpg c) lqm) != wd
 9gdlgg . @= l;4fGt jf ljrfdf cl8u xg g;Sg . #= bf]wfdf kg{ wsrsfpg . wdfx6
f) wdfpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . wdlg c) lqm) wdfpg . wdofO gf) wdlg] l
646

k|lqmof . wdofx6 gf) wdlg] cj:yf jf lqmof k|lqmof . wf gf)x]) w/x/f . wxf gf) [k
) wfu[x] != leqleq}af6 dfly;Dd hfg] l;F9L ePsf] cUnf], 8f]nf] :tDe sLlt{:tDe ldgf wf
@= sf7df8f}Fdf lj);+) !**@ df eLd;]g yfkfn] agfPsf], 6Kkfdf r9] cl3 7"nf 36gf ;"
lrt ulg] xfn sg} fli6o pT;jdf wg cflb ahfOg] gf}tnf ePsf] k|l;4 sLlt{:tDe eLd;]g:tD
. wf gf) [;+)] != k[YjL wtL . @= ;+;f blgofF, hut\ . #= g;f gf8L . $=uef{zo kf7]3
f) [w\ - cfO_] wg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] wfOg s) lqm) wg{ nfOg . wfpg k|)
qm) wg{ nfpg . wftn gf) [;+)] != ;tx . @= k[YjL wtL . #= If]qkmn . $= k[i7e"ld . wft
nLo lj) [;+)] != wftn;DaGwL wftnsf] . @= k[YjLsf If]qkmn;Fu ;DalGwt . #= k[YjLdf ePs
f] . ~ jiff{ gf) hnjfikoQm jfo kxf8 pSnFbf xg] jiff{ . wfTdh gf) [;+)] != wfsf] c
fTdh k[YjLkq d\unu|x . @= gsf; . > wfTdhf gf) ;Ltf hfgsL . wfw gf) [;+)] != k
{ wf0f ug]{ jf k[YjLnfO{ c8fOfVg] elgPsf b]jtf, k|f0fL jf j:t . @= lji0f . #= z]i
fgfu . $= kj{t kxf8 . wflwk gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf clwklt fhf e"klt . wfwLz gf) [;+)] w
z fhf . wfg gf) [w cfg] != cffn] sf7 lrg{sf nflu agfOPsf] lrg]{ sf7 c8fpg] 6fF8 . @=
{ g]kfnsf] sf];L c~rndf kg]{ ;g;L lhNnfsf] Ps k|l;4 7fpF jf ;x . > wfg] wfgdf a:g] w
df pAhg] jf xg] wfgsf] . wfk gf) [;+) w] != kzkIfLnfO{ cNemgdf kf] ;dfpgsf lglDt a
Psf vf8n, 8f]L, vf], kf;f] cflb . @= hf]lvdL j:t . #= vtf 7fpF . > wflknf] lj) wfk e
sf] wfkh:tf] 8nfUbf] hf]lvdL vtgfs . wfnL gf) [wfnf] O{] s]6fs]6Lsf] x]ljrf ug]{
lnsfsf] ;+If0f ug]{ :qL wfO{ . wfn] gf) [wfnf] P] != wfnf] . lj) @= wfnf];DaGwL wf
nf] gf) [;+) wf0f] s]6fs]6Lsf] x]rfx ug]{ JolQm afnssf] ;+If0f ug]{ JolQm . > wfNgL
x]) wfnL . wfzfoL lj) [;+)] != wfdf zog u]sf] hldgdf k5flPsf] n8]sf] . @= d]sf] .
f]) ;d]t nufot ko{Gt ts klg . (pbf) p;n] c ;fdfg t s] hQfwl dfUg 5f8\b}g .) wlqL
)] wtL k[YjL .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
647

wlgwd{ dxfk?ifn] rnfPsf] dt ;Dk|bfo . ~ cR5] gf) ;fFrf] sf] lxt xg] sf] enf] s
k|frLg sfndf kfk, bisd{, e|i6frf cflb lgjf0f ug{sf lglDt yflkPsf] cbfnt . ~ sd{ g
f) wfld{s u|Gyxdf pNn]v ePcg;fsf] k0osd{ wfld{s sfo{ ug]{ sfd wd{nfO{ g} kd st{Jo ;
Demg] sfd wfld{s sfo{ . ~ sfh] { gf) wd{;DaGwL sfo{ k0osfo{ wd{sfo{ . ~ sfo{ gf) kf7
k"hf :gfgWofg, bfg, o1, tLy{jt | cflb sfo{ wd{sd{ . s[R5 gf) wfld{s b[li6n] sg} sfd
ubf{ plrtcglrt 5fpgsf lglDt xg] lljwf wd{;\s6 . ~ sf]z gf) ! wd{sf ljljw nIf0fsf]
fVof ePsf zf:qxsf] ;dbfo . @= st{Jo jf ;bfrf Pj+ cfrfljrfxsf] ;dbfo . ~ If]q gf) wd
sf] If]q s?If]q . ~ u|Gy gf) != hftLo jf ;fdflhs cfrfljrf, gLltlgod, Jojxf, pkf;gf, j
t cflbsf nIf0f n]lvPsf] u|Gy wd{sf cfwfe"t tYox ePsf] u|Gy wd{zf:q wfld{s >4f jf ljZj
f;oQm sg} u|Gy jf kf0f cflb . ~ 3 gf) wd{sf lglDt agfOPsf] 3 wd{sf] lzIffbLIff cflb
lbg]lng] 3 . rof{ gf) wd{sf] cfr0f wfld{s Jojxf wd{kfng . rfL lj) != cfgf wd{c
]{ lgGt :jwd{df nfluxg] . gf) @= tk:jL . #= ;GGof;L . ~ lrGtg gf) wd{sf ;DaGwdf ulg]
gg jf ljrf . ~ Rot lj) cfgf wd{af6 Rot ePsf] :jwd{af6 kltt ePsf] . 1 lj) wd{sf lji
odf 1fg ePsf] wd{hfGg] wd{ljb\ . tM lqm)lj) wd{k"j{s wd{cg;f wd{sf b[li6n] . ~ tGq
sg} ;dfhsf] Joj:yfsf lglDt gLlt ;bfrf;DaGwL lgodx n]lvPsf] u|Gy wd{;DaGwL sfsf] lj
gf ePsf] zf:q . ~ Tofu gf) wd{ 5f8\g] sfd wd{df cljZjf; ug]{ sfd wd{af6 ljdv xg]
sfd . qftf gf) wd{sf] Iff ug]{ JolQm wd{nfO{ xtxn] hf]ufP fVg] JolQm wd{Ifs .
"mn] hfg]sf] wd{ cnfO{ l;sfpg] wd{bfg ug]{ wd{bftf . @=k0o k|fKt ufpg] . ~ bfg gf) k
ljq efjgfn] ulg] bfg wfld{s ljlwljwfgcg;fsf] bfg ;fljs bfg . bff gf) wfld{s ljlwl
g;f ljjfx ulPsL kTgL wd{kTgL . ~ b|fx ] L lj) != wd{sf ;DaGwdf b|fx ] ug]{ wd{df cgf
:yf fVg] gfl:ts . gf) @= c; fIf; . ~ bjff gf) wd{ ug]{ JolQm dfq l5g{ ;Sg] t k
5g{ g;Sg] jf aLr}df c8\sg] egL kf0fdf jl0f{t Ps 9f]sf . ~ WjhWjhL gf) b]vfj6L kdf w
d{ ug]{ JolQm cf8Dasf lglDt wd{ u]em}F ug]{ JolQm kfv08L 9f]FuL . ~ lgk]If lj) sg}
wd{nfO{ dfq vf; dfGotf glbP ;a} wd{nfO{ ;dfg 7fGg] tyf wd{sf dfdnfdf sg} lsl;dsf]
x:tIf]k gug]{ ;+ljwfgdf klg sg} wd{sf] cf8 glng]

wlg gf) [;+) wld] tnf] yfDgsf lglDt t]:of{OPsf] 7"nf] nfdf] sf7 lgbfn . wlg s) lqm
w\ O g] wg]{ sfd ulg . wf] gf) [w cf]] w wsf]{ whf] . wf]wd{ gf) [;+) wf0f wd{
jf; lbnfpg wd{ ;f5L fv] ulg] zky wd{ efSg] sfd lslof s;d . wf]6wf}6 gf) [w\ cf]
mtf{ lng] uL cfgf ljZjfl;nf JolQmnfO{ fVg lbPsf] j:t gf;f] . @= ;fk6 lnPsf ?lkofFsf
] hdfgt:jk flvPsf] j:t lwtf] wf}6L . > wf]6L gf) wf]6 . wf}6L gf) [wf}6 O{] x])
:ofxf gf) s;}n] aemfpg NofPsf] gub, lhG;L aem] klg ;b :ofxfdf cfDbfgL r9fpg c8\sf
p k]sf v08df To;sf] lg0f{o kl5 ug]{ uL 5} :ofxfdf cfDbfgL afFWg] sfuh . ws{g c) lqm
) [c) d") w\ s g] sk8f cflb RoflQFbf cfjfh cfpg sk8f cflb RoflQg wf] xg . > wsf{O
) ws{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . wsf{Og s) lqm) ws{g] kflg . ~ wsf{pg k|) ] lqm) ws{g]
kfg{ . wsf{wsL{ gf) [wsf]{ (l))] ;fgf7"nf wsf{xsf] ;dbfo w;f{w;L{ . wls{g c) lqm)
[ws{ O g] ws{g] sfd xf]Og wf] kflg . ws]{ lj) [wsf] { P] wsf{ k]sf] wsf{ ePsf]
[u gf) v}f] sf], zLdf ;]tf wsf{ xg] e]8fsf h:tf l; xg] Ps hftsf] d[u . wsf]{ gf
w] sfuh, sk8f, leQf] cflbdf sf]lPsf] nfdf] w;f]{ ]vf] 8f]f] . wtf{ gf) [;+)] != wf
]{ JolQm . @= e"ef jxg ug]{ JolQm . wtL{ gf) [ wtL] wtL k[YjL . wgf{ gf) [k|f) w0ff
sg} sfd l;4 ug{sf lglDt lgGt ulg] k|of; Kofbf . @= dfu k"f ufpgsf lglDt ulg] 3]fp
}n] s]xL b]nf ls jf sfd k"f unf{ ls eGg] cfzfn] 9Sg] sfd . $= xfQL afFWg] ;f\nf]
. 9s gf) s]xL kfpg] cfzfn] 9lsxg] sfd . wd{ gf) [;+)] != JolQm jf j:tdf ;w}F lxxg
u0f jf d"n j[lQ k|sl[ t :jefj . @= :jfefljs u0f ;xh j[lQ . #=:ju{ k|fKt ug{ ;lsg
] nf]sljZjf; ePsf] k0o sfo{ k0o sd{ . $= sg} hflt, ju{, kb cflbsf lglDt lgwf{lt s
fo{ jf Jojxf nf]ssf] lxt jf Joj:yfsf nflu cFuflng] sd{ jf st{Jo (h:tf] dfgjwd{, gfLw
d{, ouwd{ O)) . %= c;n cfr0f ;bfrf lgod . ^= k0o ;Tsd{ . &=O{Zj cyjf ;b\ultsf] k|fl
tsf nflu ulg] zf:qljlxt sd{ . *=sg}

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

wdf{r0fwdf{lwsf ;dfh) . lgi7 lj) wd{df cf:yf fVg] wd{df ljZjf; ug]{ wd{kfo0f wfl
L gf) 8fF8Lh:tf sf7nfO{ sfFwdf fv] ;fgf laofh:tf nLn] xfg] af}4 ;+:s[lt;DaGwL wfld{s
sfo{xdf ahfOg] Ps vfnsf] afhf . ~ k != fhf cyjf wdf{lwsfLn] lbPsf] wd{;DaGwL Joj:yfkq
. @= wd{ jf wd{sf] k:ts jf b]jb]jLnfO{ ;f5L fvL ulPsf] ;Demf}tfkq wd{kq . kTgL gf)
wfld{s ljlwljwfgcg;f ljjfx ulPsL kTgL, wd{bff . ~ kq gf) != b]jb]jL jf wd{zf:qsf k
:tsnfO{ ;fIfL fv] kf:kls ljZjf;sf lglDt n]lvPsf] sfuh . @= wd{sf] Joj:yf s;L ug]{ eG
g] ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] kq wd{k . ~ ky gf) wd{sf] af6f] wd{zf:qn] atfPsf] cfr0f jf lgod .
kkfo0f lj) wd{df >4f ug]{ wd{sf gLltlgod jf ljlwljwfgsf] kfngf ug]{ wd{df lgi7f f
{lgi7 . ~ kl0ffd gf) !=of] u zf:qcg ; f k~rdxfe" t OlGb|oxsf] Pp6f k jf l:yltaf6 cs
]{ k cyjf l:yltdf kl0ft xg] j[lQ Ps wd{af6 lgj[Q ePkl5 csf]{ wd{sf] k|flKt . @= wd
{kljt{g . #= wd{sf] kfngfaf6 xg] c;n kl0ffd wd{sf] ;kmn glthf . kfn lj) wd{sf] kfn
gf ug]{ wd{sf] ;Iff ug]{ wd{Ifs . ~ kq gf) != cfgf 5f]f gxg]n] kqafa u] kfln
fgf] ;DklQsf] pkef]u ug]{ sfhlqmof;d]t ug]{ csf{sf] 5f]f] wd{sf lglDt kflnPsf] jf w
d{zf:qcg;f bQssf kdf NofOPsf] 5f]f] . @= olwli7 . ~ kqL gf) wd{sf lglDt kflnPsL cs
f{sL 5f]L wd{zf:qcg;f bQssf kdf NofOPsL 5f]L . kL != wd{sf] hfFraem ulg] ;x
ofocGofosf] hfFraem lg0f{o ulg] cf Gofofno . ~ k:ts gf) wd{sf nIf0f Pj+ ljlwljwfg
lvPsf] k:ts wd{uG | y . ~ kf]nfO sLlt{ gfz kfg]{ sfd . ~ k|f0f lj) wd{nfO{ k|f0f;d
fg dfGg] wd{ g} k|f0fafa ePsf] wdf{Tdf . ~ kmfs gf) != cfk"mn] ;gs ] f], b]vs ] f],
fg]sf] sfdsf] csf{nfO{ ;fFrf] xf] egL ljZjf; lbnfpg elgg] zAb . @= cGofoaf6 cnu xg]
sfd cGofoaf6 k[ys\ . ~ al4 gf) != wd{df nfu]sf] al4 wd{sd{df cfwflt al4 . @= wd{
cwd{ 5fpg ;Sg] ljrf cwd{nfO{ TofUg] wd{nfO{ cFufNg] al4 . ~ esfO gf) ;fFrf] af]
sfd . ~ esfL gf) clgsfn k]sf] a]nf sfd rnfpgsf] nflu flvPsf] ;fd"lxs cGgsf]z wdesfL
~ eL? lj) wd{ xfpnf ls eg] 8fpg] cwd{b]lv 8fpg] . ~ e|i6 lj) wd{sd{kl| t ljdv x]sf
{s cfr0fb]lv kltt ePsf] wd{Rot . d]wf gf) af}4wd{sf cg;f bze"ld qof]bz e"ldsf b;f
+F e"ld dxfofg ;Dk|bfosf] clGtd e"ld . ~ ou gf) != wfld{s
(fHo,
648

ou ;Toou . @= wd{sd{nfO{ g} dfgjLo st{Jo 7flgg] ou . ~ o4 gf) != wfld{s ljlw l
jwfgcg;f ulg] o4 Gofok"0f{ o4 . @= wd{sf] Iffsf lglDt ulg] o4 . ~ Ifs lj) wd{sf]
ngf ug]{ wd{sf] Iff ug]{ . ~ t lj) != wd{df tNnLg x]sf] wd{df nfluxg] wd{kfo0f . @
f t xg] Gofokfo0f . lt gf) wd{kl| tsf] cfzlQm wd{df cgfu jf k|]d ug]{ JolQm od
wli7 . #= a4 . nKtf]kdf gf) pkdfg pkd]osf ;fwf0f wd{ jf u0f gb]vfOPsf] jf nf]k e
Psf], pkdf cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . jT;n wd{nfO{ lk|o tj ;Demg] jf dfGg] wd{t wd{lgi7 .
) wd{sf] 1ftf wd{1 . ~ ljdv lj) wd{df k|jl[ Q gePsf] wd{tkm{ cle?lr gePsf] . ~ ljf]
wL lj) wd{sf] ljf]w ug]{ wd{nfO{ gdfGg] cwdL{ gfl:ts . ~ jL lj) hlt g} s7f] sfo{ eP
g wd{df cl8u xg] hg;s} cj:yfdf klg wd{;DaGwL cfr0f ug{ tTk (xlZrGb|, olwli7, lzj c
lb) . zfnf gf) ofqL, a6jf, leIf cflbnfO{ lgMzNs a:gsf nflu af6f3f6f jf tLy{:yf
gdf agfOPsf] 3 kf6L kf}jf . ~ zf:q gf) kljq Pj+ cfbz{ ;dfhsf] l;h{gfsf lglDt 7"n7"nf
dxfTdfxff k|ltkflbt wd{sf ljlwljwfgxsf] JofVof jf ljj]rgf ulPsf] u|Gy . ~ zf:qL gf)
{zf:q;DaGwL nIf0f Pj+ cfr0f fd|f; ] u F hfGg] JolQm wd{zf:qdf kf\ut ePsf] JolQm . zL
lj) wd{sd{df ;f]lrxg] k|j[lQ ePsf]wfld{s cfr0fdf nfluxg] :jefjsf] . ~ ;+lxtf gf) wfld
{s jf ;fdflhs ljlwljwfgsf] juL{s0f ulPsf] k:ts jf u|Gy . ~ ;\s6 gf) != Psflt wd{ c
lt kfk xg] vfnsf] sfd ugk { ]sf] cj:yf wd{sR [ 5 . @= wd{kfng ug{ jf wd{ arfpg dl
:sn k]sf] l:ylt . ~ ;ef gf) != wd{sf ;DaGwdf ljrfljdz{ ug{sf lglDt a;]sf] ;ef . @=
Gofo tyf cGofosf] hfFraem uL Goflos lg0f{o lbOg] cf Gofofno . wdf{r0f gf) [;+)] != w
d{;DaGwL cfr0f ug]{ sfd . @=wd{zf:qn] atfPcg;fsf] sd{ jf Jojxf . wdf{rfo{ gf) [;+)]
!= wd{;DaGwL lzIff lbg] u? . @= wfld{s ;Dk|bfosf k|0f]tf . #= wd{sf ljlwljwfgxsf
JofVoftf . wdf{Tdf lj) [;+)] cfTdfdf wfld{s ;+:sf elPsf] wd{ ug]{ wd{kf | 0f wfld{s
wdf{lws0f gf) != wd{;DaGwL clwsf ePsf] cf Gofofno . @= wd{;DaGwL Gofo ug]{ JolQm Gof
fwLz . > wdf{lwsl0fs gf) != wd{sf] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf k|fKt JolQm wdf{lwsfL . @= Gofo
hfGg] Gofo lbg] JolQm GofofwLz . wdf{lwsf gf) [;+)] != wd{ cwd{ s]nfO{ To;sf] oyf]l
rt Gofo lbg] clwsfL . @= GofofwLz . #= bfgsf] plrt k|aGw

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
649

wdf{lws[twdf{WoIfw:sg lgd{n :jR5 . #= fd|f] ;Gb dgf]x . ~ kf08 gf) ;]tf] sf]
[;+) wjn sf] :qL)] != wjn afGsL jf sL To:t} :jR5 jf dgf]x . gf) @= ;]tf] ufO{ . #= g
kfnsf] bfr{nf lhNnfdf a;f]af; ug]{ Jof;L hfltn] dgfpg] dVo rf8 . lul gf) != dWok
lZrd g]kfnsf] DofUbL lhNnfdf kg]{ *,!^& ld6 cUnf] lxdrrf] jf kxf8 wf}nflul wf}nfl;L
. @= ;f]xL gfddf x]sf] g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ Ps c~rn wf}nflul c~rn .
wjlndf gf) [;+)] ;]tf] xgfsf] efj ;]tf]kgf . w;|f] gf) [w;f]{] != ;fukft cflbdf x
g] kftnf] g;f] . @= nufsk8fdf xg] sg} bfu jf wsf]{ w;f]{ . w;\g ;) lqm) [;+) w[if
\ g] != sg} j:t csf]{ ;fx|f] j:tdf 3f]6\g], u]8\g] sfd ug{ . @= 3F8f, slxgf cflb
n] 7]Ng] jf lyRg] sfd ug{ . #= 5\f cflb zL jf cGo sg} sf]dn j:tdf f]Kg] tyf e;fpg]
sfd ug{ . $= vfFaf] cflb uf8\g . %= pkef]u ug{ . c) lqm) ^ df6f] cflb tnlt vf
Flbg . &= vfFaf], 3f]rf] cflb efl;g . > w;f gf) != lefnf] hldg wl:sPsf] 7fpF klxf]
uPsf] 7fpF . @= kmsf] df6f] ePsf] v]tafLdf nfdf km8\sf uL s2f k]sf ufO{a:tsf vfsf
7"n7"nf 8fd . w;fO gf) w:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . w;fOg s) lqm) w:g] kflg w;fpg] sfd
ulg . w;fpg k|) ] lqm) w:g] kfg{ w:g nfpg . w;fg gf) != a;f{bsf kfgLn] uNbf lefn
] hldgsf] df6f] ;f]xf]lP emg]{ k|lqmof w:g] sfd . @= lunf], kmsf], xnsf] jf ynyn]
hldgdf ux|f}F j:tn] lyRtf df6f] tnlt vfFlbg] rfn . #= efl;g] vfnsf] hldg . $= b
nbn wfk . w;f\g ;) lqm) [w;\ cf\ g] dflyaf6 lyRtf df6f] w:sg] ug{ w:sfpg . > w;fl
qm) != w:sg] kflg . c) lqm) @= w:sg . w;ff] df6f] w:sfpFb} lxF8]sf] nfdf] km8\sf]
To;L lxF8\bf k]sf] k}tfnfsf] 8fd . wl;uwl;
\u lj) [;+) w"df+zOF
u \ ] WjfF;f]h:tf]
fpFbf] df]6f]3f6f] w';|f]k'm;|f] . > wl;
\u] lj) != wl;
\u . @= ;;fgf v;|f kft x'g], r'
fsf h:tf sfnf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf] kmn jf u]8f . wl;g' s) lqm) [w;\Og']
w:g] sfd ulg' ul8g' . c) lqm) @= a];L sfddf nflug' . w:sg c) lqm) [w;\ s g] nuf,
cflb wl;P kmf6\g cfF6\g lvOg hL0f{ xg . > w:sfO gf) w:sg] sfd . w:sfpg k|) ] lqm
) w:sg] kfg{ w:sg nufpg[ . wl:sg c) lqm) != w:sg . s) lqm) @= 3f]l6g . w:sf] g
f) wl;Psf] lrXg nuf cflb wl;P hL0f{ ePsf] cj:yf . w:SofO gf) w:sf] kmf6\g] jf wl:s
g] lqmofk|lqmof .

ug{sf lglDt lgoQm ulPsf] fhsd{rfL . $= wd{zf:q, P]gsfgg, Lltlylt jf rfnrngadf]lhd

Gofo ePsf] 5 5}g egL hfFraem ug]{ ;f] gePdf oyf]lrt kdf wd{ Gofosf] Joj:yf ug{sf
lglDt ePsf] k|dv clwsf . %= fhfnfO{ wfld{s ;Nnfx lbg] JolQm . ^= wd{zf:qsf cfwfdf
Gofo ug]{ JolQm . > wdf{lwsfL gf) wd{cwd{sf] lg0f{o jf Joj:yf ug]{ JolQm wdf{lwsf .
wdf{lws[twdf{WoIf gf) [;+)] != GofofwLz . @= wdf{lwsfL . #= lji0f . $= odfh . wdf{G
t gf) [;+)] cfgf kVof}{nL wd{afx]ssf] sg} wd{ csf]{ wd{ . > wdf{Gt0f gf) cfgf] wd{
csf]{ wd{ u|x0f ug]{ sfd . wdf{Gw lj) [;+)] :jwd{df cGwf] ;n] ljZjf; fVg] csf{sf]
wd{df ]if tyf lt:sfsf] efjgf fVg] . wdf{y { lqm)lj) [;+)] wd{sf lglDt k0osf nflu . w
f{jtf gf) [;+)] != wd{sf ;fIfft\ :jk cToGt wdf{Tdf JolQm . @= olwli7 . wdf{;g gf) [;
)] wd{ cwd{sf] plrt Gofo ug{sf lglDt al;g] cf;g GofofwLzsf] cf;g . wld{0fL gf) [;+
)] != wd{kTgL u[xnIdL :jf:gL . lj) @= wd{ ug]{ (cfOdfO{) . wld{i7 lj) [;+)] wd{df c
8\g] wdf{Tdf k0ofTdf . wdL{ lj) [;+)] != wd{ hfGg] Pj+ wd{ ug]{ k0ofTdf . @= sg} lj
lzi6 wd{ jf u0f ePsf] . (h:tf] tfkwdL{, b|jwdL{, k|ToowdL{) . #= sg} dt jf wd{sf]
cgofoL . gf) $= sg}wd{ jf j[lQ ePsf] j:t . %= wfld{s JolQm . wdf]{GdQ lj) [;+)]
wd{n] pGdQ ePsf] wdf{Gw . wdf]G { dfb gf) [;+)] != wd{sf ;DaGwdf xg] 3dG8 . @= c
fgf] wd{nfO{ dfly p7fpg c wd{sf] gfz ug]{ sfd . wdf]k { fWofo gf) [;+)] wd{sf pkfWo
fo wd{lzIfs kf]lxt . wDo{ lj) [;+)] != wd{sf] cgsn x]sf] wd{ jf Gofon] oQm . @= w
DaGwL . wif{0f gf) [;+)] != Psn] csf{nfO{ lxofP ulPsf] Jojxf ckdfg dfgxflg . @= PsfPs
hf];Fu emD6g] sfd cfqmd0f . #=bdg ug]{ sfd bafa . > wif{0fLo lj) wif{0f ug{ plrt wif{
0f ug{ ;lsg] . w;f{ w;L{ gf) [w;f]{ w;f]{] ;fgfltgf yk|} w;f{ ;fgf7"nf w;f{xsf] ;d"x
. w;f]{ gf) [;+)] != wsf]{ ]vf . @= kft, 8fF7 cflbsf] g;f] . wj gf) [;+)] != k]mblt
clncln kftnf] af]qmf] plSsP hfg], cf}nlt xg] Ps hftsf] v af]6 wo]F/f] . @= kf]O nf]U
g] . #=:jfdL dflns . wjn lj) [;+)] != ;]tf] jf ;lsnf] . @= sg} s; gePsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

w:ofOwft w:SofOg s) lqm) wl:sg] kflg . w:Sofpg k|) ] lqm) wl:sg] kfg{ . w:ofO gf
) [ wl; ( ofO)] wl;g] lsl;d jf lqmof [> ] w:ofOg s) lqm) wl;g] kflg . w:ofpg k|) ]
lqm) wl;g] kfg{ . w;|f gf) [c) bxzt] != sg} ljifodf xg] dfgl;s ban { tf ;Gb]x z\sf
. @= dfgl;s qf; eo . wfuwfu8 gf) != tfO{ If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ Ps hflt wf
. lj) @=
p8fnsf] 98\8" . wfhwfhf]wfbf] gf) [;+) Wjfg] != lrD6fxf df6f] ePsf] hldg ;'s] rr
pF wftn rls{Fbf ag]sf] l5b| . @= hldg, leQf] cflb k'm6] jf kmf6] k]sf] nfdf] lrf] wf
. wfwnL gf) != gfd|f] p2]Zon] sg} s[f eTsfpg], laufg]{ tyf gf; ug]{ sfd pkb|j ljWj+
= lgwf{lt gLlt lgoda]u nfkaf{xLsf ;fy sg} sfd ug]{ k|lqmof . wf gf) [;+)] != ;\Vofjfr
tyf kldf0fjfrs zAbsf k5fl8 hf]l8P clwstd, k|sf, rf]l6, v08 cflb aemfpg] k|ToowdL{
zAb (h:t} axwf, lwf, ztwf cflb) . @= wf0f ug]{, wfs . #= a[x:klt . $= a|Xdf . %= ;\
uLtdf w}jt :jsf] jfrs zAb . ^= d[b\u, tanf cflbsf] Ps af]n . &= b]a|]lt uhfn] bflxg
]lt gf\uf xftn] 7f]s] ahfOg] ljz]iftM af}4dfuL{xdf k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] 9f]nsh:tf] afhf
. wfO gf) [ wfp ( cfO] wfpg] sfd . [> ] wfOg s) lqm) wfpg] sfd ulg . kmfn gf) bf}8
Ug] sfd xtflP cfpg] jf hfg] sfd . wfOnLwfOnf}L gf) [wfO nf}L] s]6fs]6Lxn] uf v]Nb
b ufsf v]ndf k|ltGLnfO{ lg nufpFbf eGg] af]nL (wfOnL Ps, wfOnL bO{ cflb) . wfO{ gf
) wfqL] afnsnfO{ b"w vjfpg], :ofxf;;f ug]{ :qL afnssL ;;f] wfO{cfdf . ~ cfdf gf) w
O{sf] sfd ug]{ cfdf;dfgsL :qL pkdftf wfO{ . ~ ?v gf) gofF nufOPsf j[Ifxsf] ;+If0ffy{
afFsL flvPsf kfgf v . wfp gf) [;+) wft] vflgaf6 lgsflnPsf] kmnfd, lkQn cflbsf] sRr
f j:t gvf]sf] vlgh j:t sfFrf] wft . wfpg c) lqm) [;+) wfjg] sg} sfd l;4 ug{ afaf
 6f9fsf] af6f] hfg jf cfpg l56f]l56f] hfg . wfpgL gf) [wfp gL] wfjf u] sg} sfd ug
k|lqmof wfpg] sfd WofpGgf . wfs gf) [;+)] != leq sg} klg ;f gePsf] aflxrflxF a9fOr9
ulPsf] kmf];|f] sf] af]qm] afkm cf8Da . @= sg} j:t jf ljifosf] dgdf k]sf] k|efj
s
650

gf) ;fwf0f ljifonfO{ a9fO{r9fO{ 7"nf] b]vfpg] sfd kmfOFkm L, wfskfs . kfs gf) kmfOF
kmL f]ajfkm wfsjfkm . ~ jfkm gf) f]ajfkm wfskfs . > wflsnf] lj) wfs ePsf] x}s
qL) wflsnL . ~ wfsL lj) af]qm] jfkm b]vfpg] c:jfefljs kmOF nufpg] wfs nufpg] . wfuf
tnjf lj) [wfuf] tnjf] ljz]if lsl;dn] ag] wfufs} tnjf flvPsf] (g]kfnL hQf) . wfu
f wfuL lj) [wfuf] wfuL] ;fgf 7"nf wfufxsf] ;d"x . wfuL gf) [wfuf] O{] wfuf] (k|foM afn
f]nLdf) . wfuf] gf) [k|f) tUu, lx) tfuf] != ?jf cflbnfO{ rvf{ jf d]l;gdf sft] agfO
Psf] 8f]f] ;"t ;"q . @= cfOdfO{n] rN7fdf nufpg] aQ cflb hl8Psf] ;"txsf] uR5f] . #
= ljz]if lsl;dsf] ;"q . $= dfsfn] hfn agfpg lgsfn]sf] dl;gf] 8f]f] . wf/ gf)x]) wfFu/
fFu8 . wftwt gf) [(l)) wt] \ s;}sf ;fydf x]sf j:t hah:tL vf]:g] jf n5nf5 ug]{ sfd
f];vf; wtwft . wftljs lj) [;+)] != wft;DaGwL wftsf] . @= wftlgld{t wftn] ag]sf]
. wftf gf) [;+)] != ;[li6 ug]{ b]jtf ljwftf a|Xdf . @= kfng ug]{ b]jtf lji0f . #=
;+xf jf sNof0f ug]{ b]jtf lzj . $= ;"os { f afx| kdWo] Ps . %= pgGrf; jfodWo] Ps .
lj) ^= kfng ug]{ kfns . &= Iff ug]{ Ifs . *= wf0f ug]{ . wft gf) [;+)] != ckfbz{s,
z]if k|sfsf] rds u?Tj xg], tfk ljBts \ f] ;~rf xg ;Sg] s6 ] nDofpFbf jf a9fpFbf
lqmg] ;g, rfFbL, lkQn, tfdf, kmnfd cflb vlgh kbfy{ . @= zLdf xg] ;, ut, xf8, df;,
af];f], df;L jLo{ uL hDdf ;ft tj . #= e"tj (k~r dxfe"t, k~rtGdfqf) . $=lqmofsf] d"n
tj (vf, b]v\, af]n\, n]v\, O)) . %= jf:t jf d"lt{snfdf Ps c\un jf Ps dfqfsf] ;f
t ugfafasf] gfk b[li6, dlg, kftfn clAwafasf] gfk ;ft c\un . ~ Ifo gf) != zLsf]
xg] jf ktg xg] k|d]x;DaGwL f]u . @= jLo{:vng :jKgbf]if . ~ jw{s lj) zLdf x]sf] wft
xsf] j[l4 ug]{ jLo{ a9fpg] (sg} cf}ifwL) . ~ dn gf) != g, skfn, l;Fufg, sfg]uhL, sr]
cflb zLdf x]sf wftxsf] dn . @= kmnfd, tfdf cflb wftsf] sL6 . d]x gf) of]lg jf ln
f xg] leqL vl6f] ;"h cflb xg] f]u le\uLh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . ~ ou gf) kftjs
f0f oueGbf kl5sf] ou wftsf] cfljisf ePsf] ;do (d]6n Ph) . ~ fu gf) v}f] sf] Ps k|
] 9\u] df6f] u]? . jfb gf) != vfgLaf6 lgsflnPsf sRrf wftxnfO{

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
651

wfqLwfldgL wfgs gf) [;+) wfgis] != wg rnfpg] JolQm wgwf{L . @= ?jf km8\sg] JolQm
wlgofF . #= g]kfnsf tfO{es ] lt a;f]jf; ug]{ Ps hflt . wfgis gf) [;+)] wgsfF8 af
]Sg], lng] tyf rnfpg] JolQm . wfg] lj) [wfg P] wfg;DaGwL . ~ Aofh gf) lg lbPlnPsf ?lk
ofFsf] Aofh:jk lnOg] wfg lhG;L Aofh . wfGo gf) [;+)] != wfg . @= wfg cflb cgfh cGg .
#= wlgofF . $= Ps k|frLg c:qljz]if . sNs gf) wfgsf u]8faf6 plSsg] af]qmf] e; . s
"6 gf) != wfg ykflPsf] f; . @= wfg flvPsf] 3 wg;f . ~ k~rs gf) != zfln, a|Llx, z"s
L Ifb| uL hDdf kfFr k|sfsf wfg . @= j}Bzf:qcg;f cfdflt;f tyf pbz"nsf] pkrfsf lglD
|of]u ulg] cf}ifwL . ~ k"l0f{df gf) d\l; dlxgfdf kg]{ k"l0f{df dfu{ zSn k"l0f{df . >
wfGofDn gf) rfdnsf kL7fdf sf]bf] xfn] cldNofO{ agfOg] Ps k|sfsf] dB hfF8 lao . wfk\
) lqm) [wfk g] != vf]kL, 8G8Llaof] cflbsf v]ndf ;f] v]n xfGgsf lglDt km8\sg . @=
s;}nfO{ :ofaf;L jf wGojfb lbFbf xTs]nfn] xNsf wfk lbg . #= kzxnfO{ zfGt kfgf{s
f lglDt lkl7pFdf na6fn] xnsf] uL xfGg . wfk! gf) [;+) wfjg] != vf]kL cflb v]ndf
lgoldt kn] xflng] km8\sf] . @= s;}nfO{ :ofaf;L, wGojfb cflb lbFbf lk7\o"Fdf xflgg
] :g]xk"0f{ xNsf na6f] . #= kzxnfO{ zfGt ug{sf lglDt lkl7pFdf lbOg] rk]6fsf] xNs
f k|xf . wfk@ gf) [;+) wfk] kfgL hd] jf w]} lxnf] eP ufl8g] efl;g] 7fpF bnbn . sf
f] lj) b[9tf gePsf] htf klg 9lNsg] cl:y . wflkg c) lqm) [wfk O g] Hofbf lxF8fO jf wf
Fu ulPsf sfdn] ylst xg wk]l8g . wfd gf) [;+)] != a:g], cf]ltg] cl8g] 7fpF u[x 3
= a;f]af;sf lglDt ;lIft :yfg jf;:yfg . #= zL b]x hLp . $= zf]ef ;ifdf >L . %= t]h
efj . ^= b]pb]ptfx x]sf] k|l;4 7fpF :ju{ k0o:yfg tLy{ . wfdg gf) [;+) wfld0fL] xl/of
x]Fnf] emNsf ePsf] ;]tf] sf] Hofb} nfdf] / Hofb} l56f] bug]{, kR5/df ljif xg],
s;}nfO{ g8:g] Ps hftsf] ;k{ wfldg (o;sf] kR5/ h;sf] hg cdf k5{ Tof] df; un]/ em
5{ . o;n] ufO{e}F;L cflb / :jf:gLdfG5]nfO{ a]x|]/ pgLxsf] yg jf :tgaf6 b"w r:5 /
pgLx d5{g\ eGg] hgwf/0ff dw];lt/ /x]sf] 5 ._ . wfdf! gf) [;+) wfjg] != sg} pknlAw
xfl;n ug{sf lglDt ulg] s8f kl>d, ldlxg]t . @= sl7gfO s7f]tf dl:sn . wfdf@ gf) [wfO{
f] wfO{cfdf . wfldg gf)x]) wfdg . wfldgL gf) [;+)] wfdg ;k{ .

f;folgs k|lqmofff ;fkm u] ;g, rfFbL cflb ljz4 wft agfpg l;sfpg] ljBf . @= ;a} zAb
wftaf6} ljsl;t ePsf xg\ eGg] efiffzf:qLo Ps l;4fGt . ~ lj1fg gf) kmnfd, lkQn cf
lb wft;DaGwL sfsf] cWoog ug]{ jf tLaf] hfgsfL lbg] zf:q . wfqL gf) [;+)] != wfO{ pkd
tf . @= k[lyjL, wlqL . #= lqkmnfdWo] Ps cdnf . $= u\uf . %= ufoqL b]jL . ^= ufO{ .
&= pGgfO; u? tyf Tolt g} n3 dfqf xg] cfof{5Gbsf] Ps e]b . ~ kq gf) e}?dkftL .
~ kmn gf) afGtf f]Sg 6fpsf] bVbf cffd lbnfpg k|oQ  m xg] laofF ePsf], tLtf] kft
xg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt To;s} laofF . ~ ljBf gf) ule{0fL cfOdfO{nfO{ ;Ts]L ufpg ;xof]
u ug]{ afnssf] kfngkf]if0f ug{ l;sfpg] ljBf . wfTjy{ gf) [;+)] sg} zAbsf] wftaf6
lg:sg] cy{ zAbsf] d"n cy{ . wflTjs lj) [;+)] wftsf] jf wftaf6 ag]sf] wft;DaGwL .
~ d"No gf) df]x cflbdf c\lst ulPcg;fsf] d"No geP ltgLxdf ld;fOPsf wftsf] ahfefpc
] d"No df]x cflbdf wftsf] d"Nosf cfwfdf lgwf{lt ulg] d"No . wflb gf) g]kfnsf] dWodf
ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ afUdtL c~rnsf] Ps lhNnf . wfg\g ;) lqm) [;+) wf0f] != sg} sfdsf
lglDt lgwf{lt vr{n] ;?a? kUg y]Ug . @= Ps j:tn] csf]{ j:tnfO{ yfDg c8fpg .
#= sg} j:t lglZrt ;do;Dd l6Sg vKg . $= lgwf{lt ;fwgn] lgjf{x ug{ sfd rNg] lsl;dn
] kofpg 6fg{ . %= sg} sfd lgwf{lt ;dodf ;dfKt ug{ Eofpg . wfg gf) [;+) wfGo] l;?
f cfsfsf nfdfnfdf kft xg,] gnsf dvaf6 w]} u]8f ePsf afnf nfUg], v]tdf lxnf] kf] pd
flPsf] lap f]lkg] jf auN  6f] df6f]df u]8} 5] pdflg], cf]vnL, l9sL d]l;gn] s6 ]
agfOg] sfnf], ftf] kx]n F f] sf u]8f nfUg] Ps hftsf] k|dv  cGg . s6L gf) dfsfsf
w]} vf ;fgf], 8Nnf] hLp xg] k|foM 3fF;kftdf pd|g] Ps hftsf] sLf] . ufu|L gf) jl
f6nf] rf}sf] agfO{ s]6fs]6L v]Nbf dl;gf 9u \ f ToxL rf}sLdf kg]{ uL v]Ng] Ps v]n
. ~ uf]bfd != wfg fVg] 3 wg;f . @= wfg cflb cGg fVg] ;sfL 3 . ~ rdf gf) ;Tnf R
]xL cufl8 ds}sf af]6sf] 6Kkfaf6 knfpg] rdh:t} emKkf] . ~ rL gf) d;f] . ~ gfr gf)
d]nf, kj{, xf6ahf cflbdf e]nf eO{ gft]bfafx]ssf ojfojtLxn] k:k xft ;dfO{ jfnd eGb}
jf uLt ufpFb} gflrg] k"jL{ g]kfnsf ljz]iftM lnDa" hfltdf k|rlnt k|l;4 nf]sg[To .
wflgg s) lqm) [wfg\ O g] wfGg] sfd ulg . wfgL gf) [wfg O{] != gkfSt}sf] wfgsf] af]6h
tf] xlof] . lj) @= To:tf] / ePsf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

wfdLwfi6 { wfdL gf) [k|f) wlDd] != e"t, k|]t, af]S;L, 8fOgL, nfuf] cflbsf] cfz\sfdf ;
f] f]u lgsf] ufpg zLdf b]pb]ptf jf e"tk|t ] cflbsf] k|jz ] ufP tGqdGq k|of]u uL emf
ug]{ JolQm emfFqmL . @= lwdfn hfltsf] u|fdb]jtfsf] khfL . ~ wldgL gf) != :qL wfdL
. @= wfdLsL kTgL . | f] kfgLsf] k|jfx kfgL wf gf) [;+)] != gbL jf ;dbs cflbsf] auf
O . @= jiff{sfndf hDdf ulPsf] kfgL . #= PSsfl; al;{Psf] d;nwf] jiff{ . $= sg} xlto
fsf] sf6\g] tLvf] / kftnf] efu lsgff . %= kfgL cflbsf] dWo efu aLr cGt . ^= sg} j:t
]vf 8f]f] . lj) &= lng], yfDg] jf af]Sg] (h:tf] s0f{wf, ;"qwf O)) . wfs lj) [;+)]
f ug]{ . @= f]Sg] 5]Sg] cjf]w pTkGg ug]{ . #= C0f lng] shf{ vfg] lgL . $= sg} j:t
nP hfg] jfxs . gf) %= snz 38f . wf0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t fd|L lng], ;dfpg] jf af]
fd u|x0fufO (h:tf] j:qwf0f, sjrwf0f O)) . @= zLdf nuf, sk8f cflb nufpg] sfd k}fO
ff] jf C0f lng] sfd . $= ;lIft fVg] sfd hf]uff . %= :d0f ug]{ sfd ;Demf}gL . wf0ff
;+)] != wf0f ulg] cj:yf, lqmof, u0f jf efj . @= sg} sf dgdf wf0f ulg] zlQm al4 ;
Ssn . #= dgdf ePsf] b[9 lgZro ;b\ljrf . $= dof{bf . %= :d[lt ofb . ^= of]udf a|Xdsf
] dfq Wofg xg] dgsf] l:ylt . d"ns lj) d"n kdf al4, ;b\ljrf, dof{bf, a|Xdsf] Wofg cf
lb;DaGwL wf0ff ePsf] wf0ff g} d"n zlQm ePsf] . wf0fLo lj) [;+)] wf0f ug{ plrt dgdf b
n] u|x0f ug{ of]Uo . wfw gf) [c) d") w \ c (l))] != a];L tft]sf] tn kbfy{ ;]nfpgs
Dt Ps efF8faf6 csf{ efF8fdf vGofOxg] rfn . @= bxFb} u]sf b"wsf l;sf{ 9\u|fdf kbf
{ pTkGg xg] Wjlg . wflotf lj) [;+)] != wf0f ug]{ . @= C0f lng] . wff gf) [;+)] != kf
gL jf kGofnf] kbfy{sf] nuftfsf] axfO k|jfx wf . @= lgGt rlnx]sf sg} sfsf] qmd . #
f] emgf{ . $= P]gsfgg, lgod, ljwfg cflbsf] bkmf v08 . %= kfgL eOd F{ f v:g] kfOk,
88 F cflb wff] . ~ u[x gf) != tLj| j]un] 56g \ ] kfgLsf wff . @= kmf]xf ePsf] 3 .
f) wffnfO{ wf0f ug]{ rLh hnw afbn d]3 . ~ k|jfx gf) != kfgLsf] wff]h:t} cljlR5Gg k
] k|lqmof . lqm) lj) @= cljfd ultn] gf]lsO{sg Psgf;l;t . jif{0f gf) cljn kn] jiff{
k|lqmof . jflxsjfxL lj) != cljn ultsf] lgGt kdf rlnxg] . @= Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ qml
652

kdf rn]sf] (n]v cflbsf] k|sfzg) . ~ ;Dkft;f gf) cv08 kdf ePsf] jiff{ cltj[li6 d;nwf
gL . wflp lj) [wfOpF] v'sL, tnjf cflbsf] wfh:tf] wfh:tf] kf]sf] . ~ xft gf) s;
jf ;fKtf wfh:tf] kf] 78fOPsf] xft . wfl0fL gf) [;+)] != w0fL wlqL k[lyjL . lj)
(:qL) . wflt lj) [;+)] != wf0f ulPsf] . @= ;lDemPsf] :d0f ulPsf] . #= nufOPsf] klx
(n'uf, uxgf cflb) . wflnf] lj) [wfOnf]] tLI0f wf ePsf] Hofb} nfUg] v"a sf6\g] (xltof
b) . wfL lj) [;+)] != wf0f ug]{ u|x0f ug]{ (h:t} wg'wf{L, z:qwfL O)) . @= k9]sf sf
] :d0fzlQm ePsf] wf0ff ug]{ zlQm ePsf] . #= caf6 C0f lng] C0fL cf;fdL shf{bf . ~ r
]nfsf] lsgfjlkl 7"n7"nf 9'
\ufdf a:g], efn]sf] zL gLnf], kv]6f, k'R5 v}f] kf]yLsf]
sxLFsxLF gLnf], k'R5df ;]tf] x'g], k'R5 8f]nfOxg] rf] eb|fOrf] . wf] lj) [wfP] t
sf] wfh:tf] k]sf] wfh:tf] wfsf] . ~ xft gf) cnfO{ ;fKtf sf6]sf] h:tf] clego ulg]
|f wflpF xft . wff] gf) [;+) wff] kfOk, 8'F8, 6'6L cflbaf6 cljn kdf v;]sf] kfgLsf] k
x . @= lg/Gt kdf kfgL emfg{ tof ulPsf] kfOk, 8'F8, 6'6L cflb j:t' . #= cljlR5Gg kdf e
Oxg] cfjthfjt w'Of] . > wff]i0f lj) b'xb F' fb'xb F' s } f] b'x ] lr;f] gePsf] y'ga
l;Sg] lalQs}sf] y'gsf] tftf] g;]nfPsf] (b"w) . wft{fi6 gf) [;+)] != r'Rrf] k]sf] v'
nf x'g] Ps hftsf] xfF; . @= w[tfi6sf j+zh, sf}j . wfgL{ gf) [;+) wf0fL] != afx| kfpsf
] tf}n . lj) @= Tolt tf}nsf] . wfld{s lj) [;+)] != wd{;u F ;DalGwt wd{ljifos . @=
wd{ ug]{ wd{kl| t cf:yf fVg] wdf{Tdf wd{zLn . ~ sfo{ gf) wd{;DaGwL sfo{ kf7k"hf, tLy{
t | o1, pkjf; cflb sfo{ . ~ If]q gf) b]pb]ptfsf dlGb tLy{:yn cflb x]sf] Onfsf wfld{s
:yn . tf gf) wfld{s x'gfsf] cj:yf, u'0f jf efj . ~ ;
\3if{ gf) wdf{jnDaL wd{ljf]wLx
] aLrdf cyjf b'O{ leGgfleGg} wd{sf kIfkftLxdf x'g] k:ksf] sf6df cflb s[To . ~ :yn gf)
b]pb]ptfsf dlGb, tLy{, wfd cflb ePsf] 7fpF . wfo{ lj) [;+)] != wf0f ug{ of]Uo wf0fLo
. @= ;Demg nfos :d0fLo . #= nufpg] vfnsf] klxFklxF nfUg] . gf) $= kf];fs, j:q, uxgf
cflb . wfi6{ gf) [;+)] w[i6 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf 9L7kg

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Dha'.p65
653

wfjswL uL aNg] (aQL cflb) . lwlkSs lqm) lj) [c) d") lwlks\s] != aQL, cfuf] cflb IfL0f
kdf aNg] t'?Gt lgEg] uL . @= z[
\uf cflbn] aQL an]h:t} eP wkSs . lwKsg c) lqm) [
lwk\ s g] aQL, cfuf] cflbsf] Hjfnf IfL0f kdf dfly p7\g jf aNg . > lwKsfO gf) lwKsg]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . lwKsfOg s) lqm) lwKsg] kflg . lwKsfpg k|]) lqm) lwKsg] kfg{
. lwKsf] gf) lwKk ub}{ an]sf] aQLsf] Hjfnf . lwdf gf)x]) lwd] . lwdfn gf) ljz]if u
/L emfkf lhNnfsf] klZrdL efudf / df]/ lhNnfsf] k"jL{ efudf a;f]af; ub}{ cfPsf] ln
Da" hflt;Fu ldNbf]hNbf] Ps hflt . > lwdfnL lj) != lwdfn hflt;Fu ;DalGwt lwdfn hfl
tn] dfGg] u/]sf] . gf) @= lwdfn hfltn] af]Ng] efiff lwdfn hfltsf] dft[efiff . lwd
] gf) [g]jf)] Psflt uhfn] csf{lt xftn] 7f]s] ahfOg] bO{lt 5fnfn] df]xf]]sf] 9f]nsh
] Ps afhf lwdf . lwfh gf) [;+) clwfh] dxffhflwfh . lwL gf) != 7"nf] bnf] ePsf afF;
l:tsf cfFVnf vf]n ] agfOPsf] kfgL cflb xfNg] efF8f] kfgL cf];fg]{ afF;sf] 9\u|f] .
lj) @= ;fx|} bAnf] cUnf] l6\uf] . lwf] lj) alofFt hfFbf 7"nf] rsf]{ :jdf gl;\
f ahfpg] pfxf . lwif0ff gf) [;+)] != al4 cSsn . @= jfSzlQm jf0fL . #= k|z; + f :tlt
. wL gf) [;+)] != al4 k|1f clSsn . @= dg lrQ x[bo . #= 1fg ;dem :d[lt . $= sd{ . wL
) [;+)] != kfg ulPsf] lkOPsf] vfOPsf] . @= cffwgf ulPsf] ;Gti6 kflPsf] . gf) #= sg
foj:tkl| t dgdf plAhPsf] wf]sf] lt;{gf, ltvf{ . $= OR5f clenfiff . %= Odfg . ~ wfg
gf) != fvgwgdf ePsf] ljZjf; . @= rf]L gug]{ sfd . ~ dbf] { lj) wLt dg]{ vfnsf] dgsf]
lt;{gf k"f xg] lsl;dsf] ;Gtf]ifhgs . wLlt gf) [;+)] != kfgL cflb lkpg] sfd kfg . @=
lkpg] OR5f ltvf{ . wLdf lj) [;+) dWod] != la:tf} lxF8\g] dGb ultsf] . @= dWod vfnsf
] dGb . #= sDtL j]u ePsf] j]uxLg . $= la:tff] dwf] . %= 3d}{nf] :ki6 gePsf] . ljk)
]h . wLdfg\ lj) [;+)] != al4dfg\ . gf) @= b]jtfsf u? a[x:klt . wL lj) [;+)] != h:t
f];s  } cfkt\ljkt\ jf ;vbMv eP tfklg Ps} kdf xg] w}oz { fnL . @= uDeL ;xgzLn . #=
ljgozLn gd| :jefjsf] . $= ;Gb dgf]x . ~ r]tf lj)

c6]Lkgf w[i6tf . wfjs gf) [;+)] != sk8f wg] JolQm wf]aL . @= xNsff . #= ;dfrf jf ;Gb
zafxs b"t . $= ;+:s[t efiffsf Ps k|l;4 slj . lj) %= wg of]Uo (j:q cflb) . ^= bf}
8g] sb\g] . wfjg gf) [;+)] ! l56f];Fu bug]{ sfd . @= wg] jf d}nf ;fkm ug]{ sfd .
#= lr7L jf ;Gb]z nfg] jf Nofpg] sfo{ . > wfjGtL lj) WofpGgf u] jf kl>d u] xg] wfjf
{kg]{ . (pbf) 3f]sGtL ljBf wfjGtL v]tL . pvfg .) wfjf! gf) [ef]) a)] lnDa" hfltsf
snb]jtf . wfjf@ gf) [;+) wfjg] != PsfPs emD6g] lqmof cfqmd0f r9fO xdnf . @= sg} sfd l
4 ug{sf lglDt ulg] bf}8w"k . #= s7f] kl>d . $= wk]8L . > wfljt lj) != ;kmf ulPsf] wf]
Psf] ;lsnf] . @= bf}8]sf] efu]sf] . #= uPsf] . lws\ lj) af]) [;+)] != lt:sf, 3[0ff c
flb aemfpg] zAb . @= lgGbf ufnL . lwSsf\g ;) lqm) [;+) lwSsf g] sg} vfa sfd ug]n
lt:sf jf lgGbf ug{ . lwSsf lj) af]) [;+)] s;}n] gfd|f], dg gkbf]{ sfd ubf{ 3[0ff, l
gGbf jf x]nf JoQm u] elgg] zAb lws\ . > lwSsffO gf) lwSsfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . lwSsf
lg s) lqm) lwSsfg]{ sfd ulg . lw\GofO gf) [lw
\GofxfofOF] lw
\Gofxfkg lw
\Gofxfsf
ofxf lj) [;+) w[i0fsofxf] != cfg} sf dfq dfly kfg{ vf]Hg] lh2Lbf l9kLjfn . @= sfd u
g] klg gug]{ gsrf] y]Qf] . #= emu8f dfq ug]{ eg]sf] k6Ss} gdfGg] c6]L . :qL) lw
\G
lwt gf) [;+) w[t] w}o{ ljZjf; . ~ wfg gf) ljZjf;sf] efjgf OdfGbfL . ~ kt] gf) sg}
ltsf] ulxf] ljZjf;, k"0f{ ljZj:ttf . lwtf] gf) [;+) w[lt] cf;fdLn] lnPsf] C0f;DaGw
L wgafkt ;fx" jf wgLnfO{ td;'sdf n]lvlbPsf] 3, hUuf cflb aGws . ~ aGws gf) ;fk6Lsf k
df ?lkofFk; } f lnPafkt ;dodf a'emfpg g;s] ;fx" :jod\n] ef]urng ug]{ ;dodf a'emf
pg ;s] C0fLn] lkmtf{ kfpg] sa'n uL flvPsf] 3hUuf, uuxgf cflb . ljgf lj) lwtf] gflvP
lwtf]ljgfsf] skfnL . lwklwk lqm) lj) [c) d") lwk\c (l))] aQL, cfuf] cflb IfL0f kdf af
af aNb} lgEb} ug]{ uL lgEnflgEnfh:tf] eP dGb kdf aNb} . > lwklwkfO gf) lwklwk ug]{
of jf k|lqmof . lwklwkfOg' c) lqm) lwklwk u] aQL cflb alng' . lwklwkfpg' c) lqm) aQL
, cfuf] cflb lwklwk ub}{ aNg' . lwklwk] lj) lwklwk u] aNg] dw'f]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Dha'.p65

wLfw'g dgdf w}o{ wf0f ug{ ;Sg] ;fdYo{ ePsf] l:y lrQ ePsf] . tf gf) != wL x'gfsf] e
j:yf jf u'0f w}o{ . @= h'g;'s} kll:yltdf klg l:y xg] k|lqmof l:ytf . Tj gf) wLtf
fGt lj) gf6zf:qcg';f jL Pj+ zfGt :jefj ePsf] (sfJosf] gfos) . ~ nlnt lj) wLtf, jLtf
nlntkgf ePsf] lglZrGt, cltefj's Pj+ ljnf;L k|jl[ Q ePsf] (sfJosf] gfos) . wLf lj)
[;+)] cfgf gfosdf k:qL;Fu n;k; ePsf lrXgx b]v] Jo
\UofTds kn] l; kf]Vg] (gflosf) .
) gfossf zLdf k:qL ;dfudsf nIf0fx b]v] l;n] ?Fb} p;sf] lrQj[lQnfO{ ljrlnt t'Nofpg] (g
losf) . wLf]bfQ lj) [;+)] ;flxTozf:qsf cg';f bofn', IfdfzLn, anjfg\, wL, b[9k|lt1, o
f]4f cfTdk|z+;f gug]{ vfnsf] (gfos) . wLf]4t lj) [;+)] k|r08, r~rn, cx
\sfL, cfTdZnf3
L tyf csf] uj{ ;xg g;Sg] (gfos) . wLj gf) [;+)] != 3f6df gfp tfg]{ JolQm dfemL dnfxf
. @= k'f0fcg';f Ps k|frLg b]z jf To; b]zsf lgjf;L . w'g ;) lqm) [;+) wfjg] != sg} j:
tdf x]sf] kmf]xd}nf, bfus; cflb ;kmf kfgLn] kvfNg ;kmf ug{ k|Iffng ug{ . @= laxfg
p7] d~hg, sNnf cflb uL ;a} dv kvfNg dvfL ug{ . #= 6f9fsf ;fOgsf] h7f] x6fpg d
v kvfNg . $= dgdf x]sf] bfu, Sn]z cflb ;a} lgsfNg . wOw'O lqm) lj) [c) d") w'OF (
l))] lqm) lj) cToGt lqmofzLn eO{ sg} j:t' vf]Hg] uL . > w'Ow'OtL lqm) lj) w'Ok F Qfn
'Ow F O ' F. w'OkQfw'OkQfn gf) [c) d") w'OFkQf]kftfn] Hofb} nfluk] sg} sf vf]hL
fn} plwg'n F f eg]h;f] u] vf]Hg] sfd . w'Og c) lqm) [wOf] c g] != dflg; jf cGo k|f
f}ltaf6 Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf xg wOf] nfUg, eL8 nfUg . @= Pp6}dfly w]} hgf hfOnfUg .
> wOfO gf) wOg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . wOfOg s) lqm) wOg] kflg wOg nfOg . wO
lqm) wOf] nfUg wOg . wOf] gf) [;+) wf] != rf}ltaf6 Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf xg] lqmof
nufO . @= w]} hgf Ps} hgfdfly hfOnfUg] sfd . #= eL8 . wOofO gf) [ wOl ( ofO)] wOlg
f wOf] nfUg] lqmof k|lqmof . [> ] wOofOg s) lqm) wOf] nfUg] kflg wOlg nufOg
fpg k|) ] lqm) wOlg] kfg{ wOlg nfpg . wsrs gf) [ws rs] sg} ljifok|lt ePsf] d
] ;+zo z\sf ;Gb]x, o;f] ug]{ ls p;f] ug]{ eGg] ;f]rfO . > wsrsfO
654

gf) wsrsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . wsrsfOg c) lqm) wsrsfpg] xf]Og wsrs
nflug . wsrsfpg c) lqm) wsrs nfUg ;Gb]xdf kg{ . wsrsfx6 gf) wsrsfpg] e
fj, cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lqmof . wsrsfxf lj) wsrs ug]{ :jefj ePsf] . wsrsL gf)
wsrsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . wsrs ] lj) wsrs ug]{ wsrsfpg] . wsws lqm) lj)
[c) d") ws (l))] != s8f kl>dn] jf eoqf;n] ubf{ d6 rNg] uL . gf) @= wswsL . > w
swsfO gf) wswsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . wswsfOg s) lqm) wsws xf]Og . wsws
fpg c) lqm) d6 rNg d6 rNbf cfjfh cfpg . wswsfx6 gf) wswsfpg] efj, cj:yf
jf lqmofk|lqmof . wswsL gf) != d6s  f] :kGbg jf cfjfh d6s  f] w8\sg . @= k|f0
f, ;f; . #= x[bo . whf gf) [;+) Wjhf] sk8f, sfuh cflb RofltP jf sfl6P ag]sf] ;;fgf
] 6qmf] lrf] wf] wsf]{ . ~ whf gf) sk8f, sfuh cflb RofltP 6qm}6qmf jf lr}lrf
j:yf . ~ kftL gf) sk8f, sfuh cflb lrf] af]6 la?jfsf] kftL b]pb]ptfsf :yfgdf r9fOg] s
k8fsf whf kftL . > wlhg c) lqm) whf xg 6qmf kg{ lrlg . wh ] lj) whf ePsf]
. whw } h  f gf) 6qm}6qmf lr}lrf . wHofO gf) wlhg] wHofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
wHofOg c) lqm)s) lqm) whf kg{ jf kflg . wHofpg ;) lqm) whf kfg{ 6So | fpg
rflrf kfg{ . wHofx6 gf) wHofpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . wHofxf lj) != wHofp
g] . @= wlhg] vfnsf] . wt\g ;) lqm) [;+) wt g] != nf]enfnr b]vfP jf kmsfO{kmNof
O{ s;};Fu ePsf] dfntfn cflb lng . @= hah:tL;Fu csf] j:t lng lvRg tfGg . #= csf]
uf]Ko x]sf] jf x:osf] sf] v:sfpg . > wtwft gf) wTg] sfd wftwt . wtfO gf) wTg]
mof jf k|lqmof . wtfOg s) lqm) wTg nfOg wTg] kflg . wtfpg k|) ] lqm) wTg nf
pg wTg] kfg{ . wtf lj) csf{sf] wgdfn hah:tL;Fu wTg] :jefjsf] wtfxf . wtfgL{ lj
To;L wTg] :jefjsL (:qL) wtf) . wtfxf lj) wtf . wltg s) lqm) wTg] sfd ulg w
nOg . wtjf lj) wtf wtfxf . wTsf gf) [wt sf] s;}nfO{ lt:sf ug]{ sfd lgGbf ug
f . wQ  L gf) [wtt   L] gl;\uf afhf . wg \ g ;) lqm) [;+) wgg] skf; cOF6g
km6\sg . wg gf) [;+)] != ufpFbfv]lsf] no jf :jqmdsf] Llt ufgfsf] ljz]if :jsDkg . @=
gbLgfnf, 5fFuf5xf cflbaf6 lgGt kdf lg:sg] Wjlg . #= sg} sfo{l;l4sf lglDtsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
655

wgfw/L dfg{ jf k|lqmof . wDDofOg s) lqm) wlDdg] kflg wlDdg nfOg . wDDofpg
k|]) lqm) wlDdg] kfg{ wlDdg nfpg . wld|bf] lj) [w'd|OFbf]] w'jfF pl8x]sf] w'jfF
\bf] . w'D;fvfg gf) [;+) Wj;gvfg] k/:k/df ePsf] rsf]{ emu8f n8fOF 3D;fvfg . w' \ gf)
;+)] != uf8L, aUuL, y cflbsf kf
\u|f c8fpg] t];f]{ cfUnf] w'f . @= gflPsf uf]?sf sfFwd
flvg], h'jfsf aLrdf xNn'F8 afFw] xl; c8fpg] 7fpF . #= w'fsf 5]p 5]pdf 7f8f] kf] 3';
laof] . $= cUnf] 7fpF 6fsf] . %= sg} klg 7fpFsf] ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] :yfg jf efu w'L 6
f] . w'! gf) [;+) w'] \ Ps sfsf] aL;f}F efu hldgsf] kldf0f (k|foM dw];df k|rlnt) . w'
gf) [d})] v]tsf ufdf lxnf] tyf kfgL c8fpg 5]plt jf rf}lt p7fOPsf] df6fsf] l9:sf] cfnL
. ~ lsNnf gf) w'sf] ;fFw w'f . w'Gw lj) [;+)] != sg} klg ljifosf] uxg 1fg ePsf] k|
g\ kf
\ut kf]Vt . @= k|wfg k|d'v d'Vo . #= hf]Tg nfos h'jfdf gfg{ ;'xfpFbf] (uf]?) .
ef jxg ug]{ efL af]Sg] . w' k:g' 6') sg} JolQmdfly v]bf] u]sf] avt cn] klg p;}sf] h
' sg} JolQmdfly hfOnfUbf cc klg p;}dfly vlgg' . w'f! gf) [;+)] != Psdfly cxsf] d2t
Lxsf] x"n w'Of] . @= ;;fgf e'm?Dd k]sf 3sf] ;d"x (h:tf] sNnLw'f l;kfxLw'f O)) .
) w'] \ != uf8L, aUuL, y cflbsf kf
\u|f c8fpg t];f]{ kf] flvg] cfUnf] . @= uf]?sf sfF
flvPsf h'jfsf] aLr efu . #= w'L . w'lg c) lqm) [wOl g] != Pp6fsf] ljf]wdf w]} h
 wOf] nfUg wOlg . @= wf p7\g cf]Olg . wL gf) [;+) w] != 3sf 5fgfsf] 6
5fgfsf bO{ sfnf kfvf jf kf6f hf]l8O{ wfld k]sf] dflyNnf] efu . @= To; 7fpFdf xfln
g] 6fon, l6g cflbsf] sf]k|f] k]sf] ;fwg . sf] anf] != 3 5fpg] a]nf 3sf] wLdf flvg]
nof] sf7 jf afF; wL c8fpg] aLrsf] sf7 . @= 3sf] d"nL dfG5] . vfaf]vfdf] gf) w'Ls
c8fpg] vfFaf] jf vfdf] . w'L0f lj) [;+)] != ;a}eGbf dflyNnf] >]i7 pQd . @= sg} ljifo
f ulxf] 1fg ePsf] w'Gw . #= h'jfdf gfg{ of]Uo hf]Tg nfos (uf]?) . w'L anf] gf) [w'L
w'Lsf vfFafdfly fvL w'L c8fpg] anf], w'Lsf] anf] . w'L dfg'{ 6') != 3 5fpFbf v, k'
sf] 5fgfnfO{

oyf;fWo k|oTg edUb' . $= sg} sfd PslrQ eP ug]{ k|j[lQ Psfu|tf . %= dgsf] j]u ;' nx
^= ;f]rljrf . &= sg} ljifok|ltsf] lrGtf lkmqmL . ~ rSs gf) Hofb} lh2L jf tTktfsf ;fy
cfgf] sfd l;4 ug{ nfluxg] sfd w"drqm . wfg gf) crfSnL pw'd w'grSs . ~ kQfn gf) lg
g]t k'ofO{ vf]htnf; ug]{ sfd w'Ok F Qfn . w'gf gf) [w'gf] != w'g] sfd w'jfO . @= w'jf
Osf] k6s . w'gfO gf) [ w'g\ (cfO)] != w'Gg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= w'Gg] k6s . #= w'
g]sf] Hofnf . [> ] w'gfOg' s) lqm) w'Gg nfOg' . w'gfpg' k|) ] lqm) w'Gg nfpg' . w'
lgg' s) lqm) [w'g \ Og'] w'Gg] sfd ulg' . \ OofF] skf; km8\sg] l;/s, 8:gf cflb w'lgo
f gf) [w'g tof kfg]{ k];f ePsf] JolQm jf hflt, of6of6] . w'gL gf) [;+) w"ldt] != ;fw
Gof;L jf tk:jLxn] tfKgsf nflu jf tkZrof{sf lglDt d'9f xfn] afNg] cfuf] . @= To:tf
sfo{sf] lglDt ;w}F cfuf] alnxg] cu]g' . ~ kmfgL gf) 3]n' sfdsfhdf x'g] Jo:ttf 3fo;L s
fddf eOxg] a]km ' ;{bL ;';w ] Gbf . w'Gw'sfl gf) [;+)] != k'f0fdf k|l;4 x]sf Ps p208
olQm . @= km6fOF ullxF8g \ ] JolQm pNn" dflg; . #= vfa cfr0f ug]{ 5f]f] sk"t sk'q
f) [;+) w'kO{] dl;gf u'R5fbf kftsf] tn ftf] v}f] sTnf ePsf] kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg], x
lof uf]nf kmn kmNg] kft jf sf7sf] w'nf] w"ksf] sfddf cfpg] Pshftsf] af]6 rGbg jf w
"ksf lglDt pkof]uL To;}sf] sf7 . ~ ;Nnf] gf) w'kL . w'kf}] gf) [w'kf}f]P] != wfdL a:g
sf lglDt ldnfOPsf] yfgykgfdf ;'ulGwt w'jfF lbgsf nflu a;]sf] JolQm w"ksfs . @= cx|
fOkx|fO gu] klg v';L kfg{ jf ;flvnf] x'gsf lglDt csf{sf] sfd ullbg] JolQm . #= cfgf
] :jfy{ k" f ug{ c;F u v' ; fdb ub} { lxF 8 \ g ] JolQm . $= cGwkDkfjfbL JolQm . w'
kf}f] gf) [w"kcf}f]] cfufsf ememfpFbf sf]Onf fv] w"k xfNg] efF8f] sf]ONofF6f] w"k
w'd lqm) lj) [c) d") w'dc (l))] w'dw'dtL . > w'dw'dtL lqm) lj) != s;};u F l;fP s]xL g
f]nL cFWoff] d'v nufpFb} al;xg] uL . @= ;'g;fg jf cFWoffdf PSn} a;] . w'd]nf] gf) [w
nf]] wfdL a;fP Hof]ltif x]fpg] sfd . w'Dd lqm) lj) [k|f)] != cFWoffdf s;};u F gaf]nL
a:g] uL w'dw'dtL . @= cfsfzsf rf}lt afbn 9flsP . > w'lDdg' c) lqm) != l;n] jf kLn]
'dtL;Fu a:g' w'Dd kg'{ . @= cfsfznfO{ afbnn] 9fSg' . w'DDofO gf) w'lDdg] lqmof

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Dha'.p65

w'?Ssw'jfO w'Ldf r'N7L kf] la6 dfg'{ 5fgfsf kf6f hf]l8g] 7fpFdf v kfFh] s;L y'Gg' .
sfd kmQ] ug'{ . w'?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") w's\s] != cfF;' t//{ axfP/ ?g] u/L . @= ?jfp
g] u/L b'Mv lbP/ . w'?w'? lqm)lj) [c) d") w' \ p (l))] ;fx|} lrQ b'vfpFb} cfF;' r'xf
P ?g] uL . w'sf{kfgL gf) [w'sf]{kfgL] != hLjgdf cfOkg]{ b'Mv, si6, x}fgL cflb . @= cf
Fvfaf6 r'x]sf] kfgL cfF;' . w'sf]{ gf) [wsf]] { != sfuh, sk8f cflbsf] nfdf] 6'qmf]
wf] . @= sf]lP jf blnP a;]sf] nfdf] ]vf wsf]{ w;f]{ . w'Tof{O gf) [w"t{ofOF] w"t
efj w"t{ aGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof w"tt { f. w'lk{;w'd; {' gf) [w"nf]lk;] df6f] 7f]s ]
Flbnf] kfg]{ ux|fF} af6'nf] kmnfd] ;fwg a]Grf . w'o { lj) [;+)] != ;a}eGbf cufl8 xg
] w'Gw . @= ;a}eGbf dflysf] >]i7 pQd zLif{:y . #= efL af]Sg nfos ef jxg ug{ of]Uo
fdf gfg{ ;'xfpFbf] hf]Tg nfos . gf) %= lxdfnL e]sdf kfOg] n;'gh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] cf}
ifwL Cife . ^= lji0f' . &= uf]? . w'ofO gf) [ w'l (cfO)] w'lg] lsl;d jf lqmof . [> ]
fOg' s) lqm) w'lg nfOg' w'lg] kflg' . w'ofpg' k|]) lqm) w'lg nfpg' w'lg] kfg'{ .
+) w"ln] 7f lbNnuL xF:;L lv;L . w';'{n gf) != k'm;|f kft x'g] k'm;|} ;]tf] k"mn k'mN
] ;;fgf] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf] k"mn w';'/] . w';]{nLw';{]nf]w':of}{nL g
f) e'jfbf gd kft x'g], sfF;sf sf]lknfsf cfsfsf] ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt
. w'nbfd gf) [9'jfObfd] efL af]ss ] f] Hofnf elofHofnf . wnfO gf) [wn\ ( cfO)] !=
qmof jf k|lqmof . @= wnfpg] lsl;d jf lqmof . #= wf]Pafkt nfUg] jf lbOg] Hofnf .
[> ] wnfOg s) lqm) wg] kflg wg nufOg . wnfpg k|]) lqm) wg nfpg wg] kfg{
. wnfDd] gf) [;+) w"lndo] w"n}w"nfn] 9flsPsf] rf}lt w"nf] ePsf] . wlnv]n gf) [w"ln v
n] g]kfnsf] dWodf~rn ljsf;If]qleq jfUdtL c~rncGtu{t sfe|k ] nf~rf]s lhNnfsf] dV
o a:tL jf k|l;4 7fpF . wlng c) lqm) [w"nf] O g] != w"nf] xg r"0f{ xg . @= 2L xg
 a]sDdf xg . #= gi6 xg lau|g . wn ] lj) [w"nf] P] != wnf] ePsf] wnf] ldl;Psf]
w"nf];DaGwL . @= sRrf . ~ bz{g gf) tLy{df hfg] ofqLn] lxF8] hfFbf uf]8fdf nfu]sf]
w"nf] gk5L jf gwf]O{sg} ;f; dlGbdf ku] ulg] b]pb]ptfxsf] bz{g . ~ kn gf) ;fdfGo
f7x t]:of{P To;dfly ;]pnf cflb fvL w"nf]df6f]
656

xfn] agfOPsf] c:yfoL kn lxpFb] kn . ~ kmfu gf) clasf] ;f6f] rL kf]n]sf] vfgL jf w"
f]n] v]Ng] kmfu . ~ lap gf) kfgLljgf aafpFbf] jf wn] df6fdf fv]sf] aLp . ~ Aof8 g
f) wNofOPsf] aafpFbf] df6f]df wfgsf] aLp flvg] v]t jf hUuf . ~ ;v gf) 8Nnf jf rfsf
gkfL wNofOPsf] ;v/ aafpFbf] ;v . ~ ;f3' gf) w"n] k'n . ~ xnf] gf) lxpFbdf dfq h
f nflu k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] xnf] . w'nf] gf) [;+) w"ln] != df6f] cflb dl;lgP ePsf]
a'a'] j:t' r"0f{ w"ln . @= 3sf] tnf], cfFug cflb a9fbf{ lg:sg] sl;
\u . #= sg} u]8f
jf 8Nnf8NnL lkFw] agfOPsf] r"0f{ kL7f] . $= 5ff] . lk7f] gf) != Hofb} dl;gf] ePsf] j
f kflPsf] r"0f{ . @= sg} j:t' k'm6] jf lslrP ljs[t ePsf] cj:yf . d'nf] gf) w"nf] w
] ;dfgsf] j:t' sl;
\u . w'nf}6 ] lj) [w'nf}6f]P] w'nf}6f] sf]] bzfu|x x]g]{ jf hfFRg]
};L) . w'nf}6f] gf) [w"nf]cf}6f]] dl;gf] lsl;dsf] df6f] lkmFhfP l;Gsf]n] cIf n]lvg],
Ps k|sfsf] sf7 jf 9'
\ufsf] kf6L . w'NofO gf) [ w'ln (ofO)] w'lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[>] w'NofOg' s) lqm) w'lng] kflg' w"nf] agfOg' . w'Nofpg' k|) ] lqm) w"nf] kfg',{ w
'lng] kfg'{ . w'NofL gf)[w"nf]ofL] kmfu'k"l0f{dfsf] ef]lnkN6 w"nf] tyf lxnfn] xfgfxf
g uL v]lng] v]n . w'Nofxf gf) [w"nf]cfxf] != sf7, lstfa, sfutkq cflb 6f]s] w"nf] kfg
]{ Ps hftsf] sLf] . lj) @= w'nf] kfg]{ w'Nofpg] . w'jf gf) [;+) w"d] cfuf] afNbf Hjf
nf glgl:sO{ df];f] ldl;Psf] Ps lsl;dsf] sfnf] afkm w"d| w"d w'jfF . s; gf) != w"jfFs
f] lgsf;sf lglDt agfOPsf] Kjfn jf 9'
\u|f] lrDgL . @= afkmOGwgff hndfu{df rNg] ;fgf] k
fgLhxfh clUgaf]6 l:6d . wf lj) != w"jfFsf] wf jf j]uh:tf] w"jfFsf] d:nf] p7] wf
dflydfly ku]sf] . lqm) lj) @= To;L g} gf]lsO{sg cljlR5Gg nuftf -pbf) uPsf] ftL w"j
f jiff{ eof] ._ . wjfO gf) [ w'jfp (cfO)] w'jfFpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] w'jfOg'
lqm) w'jfFpg] kflg' . w'jfpg' k|]) lqm) [w"jfFcfpg'] != w"jfF lgsfNg' w'jfFpg] kfg'{
c) lqm) @= w"jfF p7\g' w"jfF lg:sg' . w'jfnf] gf) [w"jfFw"nf]] t'jfFnf] . w'jf! lj)
[w'pjf] wf]OPsf] wf]P ;'lsnf] jf ;kmf t'NofOPsf] . w'jf@ gf) [;+) w|j ' ] uLt jf slj
tfsf l;nf]sl}] kR5] bf]xf]ofP elgg] r0f jf :yfoL c+z 6]s . w'jfO gf) [ w' (cfO)] !=
] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Dha'.p65
657

w'jfgw"n sf]Onf fVg] efF8f] sf]ONofF6f] w'kf}f] . ~ w'jf gf) cfufdf l3p jf cGo sg}
t b|Jo ;NsfP ;'jfl;nf] w"jfF lgsfNg] sfd w"k afNg] sfo{ . ~ kfq w"k afNg] efF8f] w'k
f}f] . ~ aQL gf) != ;'jf;sf lglDt w"k ;NsfPkl5 aflng], l3pn] lehfPsf] aQL . @= ;Ns
fOg] jf cfufdf xflng] w"k pHofnf]sf lglDt aflng] aQL w"k aQL . #= ;fwf0f k"hfcfhf
. ~ aftL gf) w"kaQL . > w"lkt lj) != w"k jf ;'ulGwt b|Jo ;NsfP af:gf cfpg] kflPsf] .
@= ttfOPsf] ;]sfOPsf] tKt . #= yfs]sf] ylst . w"kL gf) x]) w'kL . w"d [;+)] != cfufs
f] w'jfF w"d| . @= sOf] 9':;], x':;] . #= afbn d]3 . $= k:ksf] 7"nf] emu8f 8fsf] .
|j pTkft . ^= chL0f{ x'b F f cfpg] 8sf . lqm) lj) &= crfSnL pw'd . s]t ' gf) != k'R5
tff] pNsf . @= cfuf] clUg . #= lzj . rqm gf) != rqmfsf k]sf] w"jfF jf w"jfFaf6 ag]s
rqm w"dd08n . @= 7"nf] emu8f 8fsf] . lqm) lj) #= w"dwfd pw'd crfSnL . wfd lqm) lj)
ofb} rsf]{ lsl;dn] x'gx ]g ' fDd] cToGt Hofbf Hof:tL w;gwfg . lj) @= w]} v"a clt a
f) #= 7"nf] cfof]hgf fdldtf fdp; . kfg gf) w"d|kfg . kf]t gf) kfgLhxfh clUgaf]
d . jffxL gf) sf7df8f}b F l] v pQlt ljzfngudf x]sL jffxL b]jL rf jffxLdWo] Ps
) b; dxfljBfdWo] Ps eo
\s k dlng j]z ePsL Ps b]jL . w"ldsf gf) sOf] . w"ldt lj) !=
] 9flsPsf] w"jfF nfu]sf] . gf) @= tGqzf:qsf cg';f b"lift 7flgg] ;fbf cIfsf] dGq . w
"ldn lj) w"jfFsf cfsfsf] :ki6 gb]lvg] 3'd}{nf] . w"d | gf) [;+)] != w'jfF w"d . @= Wj
F;f] w"df+z . #= w"jfFsf] jf w"jfFsf] h:tf]
WjfF;]
. $= lznf; gfpFsf] Ps uGwo'St b
. %= Ps c;' . ^= lzj dxfb]j . lj) &= w"jfFsf
sf] k'm;|f] . kqf gf) k'm;|f]
sf] l
laL . kfg gf) ljz]if lsl;dsf] kftnf] sfuh jf ;fn, ef]nf]{, vf]:6f], k'm;|] cflbsf
kftdf ;'tL{ xfn] a]lPsf r'f]6, laF8L cflb ;NsfP jf ;'Nkmf, lrlnd cflbdf tdfv', ufFhf
cflb 89fP lg:s]sf] w"jfFsf] ;sf]{ d'vn] tfGg] sfd w"dkfg . j0f{ lj) w'jfFsf
sf] k'
f] . w"hl{ 6 gf) [;+)] dfly p7]sf h6f ePsf b]jtf lzj dxfb]j . w"t{ lj) [;+)] != sk6k
"0f{ rnfsL hfGg] 56]n 56\6" . @= 5n5fd ug]{ :jefj ePsf] 5nL . #= csf{nfO{ 7u] :jfy{
k"f ug]{ 7u j~rs . $= wf]s]afh . > w"t{tf gf) != w"t{ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf w'Tof{OF .
@= wf]s]afhL j~rstf 7uLkgf . w"jL{ gf) [;+)] y, aUuL cflbsf] cluNnf] efu . w"n gf) [
;+) w"ln] w'nf] . ~ d}bfg gf) atf;n] p8fP

w'jfpg] lsl;d jf lqmof . #= w'jfPafkt nfUg] Hofnf . $= w'g] k6s . [> ] w'jfOg' s)
lqm) w'g nfOg' w'g] kflg' . w'jfpg' k|) ] lqm) w'g nfpg' w'g] kfg'{ . w'jfg gf) [w'c
g] w'jfOsf] v]k w'gf w'jfO . w'ljq gf) [;+)] o1sf] cfuf] k'mSg], d[usf 5fnfsf] vnfF
tL . w';/] gf)x]) w';'{n . w':g gf) [;+) w':t'] sNrLsfNrL ;vfk kflPsf] n]Ygf] yf
\gf]
g' . w'l:gg c) lqm) [w:g O g] w:g xg kfn cflb dfl8P vhdlhg kmf6] Rof\nf] x
g gf) [;+) w:g] != wfgsf] ;s]sf] gn 5fF6\tf 6lqmP em]sf jf vhdlhPsf kfnsf 6qmf6
qmLsf] ;d"x jf ykf |] . lj) @= kmf6] ePsf] n]Yg yf\gf] Rof\nf] . w:g] lj) [w:g
wl:gPsf] w:g k]sf] . ~ kfn gf) w:g ePsf] kfn d7] kfn 5fF6\tf vhdlhPsf] kfn .
fO gf) [ wl:g ( ofO)] wl:gg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] w:GofOg s) lqm) w:g kflg .
w:Gofpg ;) lqm) != w:g kfg{ kfn cflb vhdhfpg . @= km6fpg n]Ygf] agfpg . w;
| gf) [;+) w";] ejfbf dl;gf kft xg] dl;gf ;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v . w; ]| g
) [w;f | ] P] != gffgkftLsf h:tf ejfbf kft xg] ;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 .
lj) @= km;|f] sf] km:f|] . #= lrNnf] gePsf] v;|f] . ~ pv gf) vfgL bn]h:tf] km;|f
8fF7 xg] pvsf] Ps hft . ~ s]f gf) af]qmfdf vfgL sf] dl;g wnf]h:tf] eO{ km;|f] b
]lvg], 7"nf sf];f xg] s]fsf] Ps hft . w;f | ] gf) [;+) w";] != WjfF;] km;|f] .
@= km;|f] sf] km;|f] ePsf] km;|f] lj) wnf] nfu] w;|f] km;|f] ePsf] . w:;f
) lzf6] pmgLsf] df]6f] vfnsf] cf]9\g] sk8f sDdn aSv . w"t lj) [;+)] != xNnfOPsf] sFk
fOPsf] cfGbf]lnt . @= 5f]l8Psf] TofluPsf] . #= xKsfOPsf] wDsfOPsf] . $= rf}ltaf6 3]lP
f] f]lsPsf] . w"k gf) [;+)] != cfufdf ;NsfpFbf af:gfbf wjfF lg:sg] ;uGwL b|Joljz]i
f . @= w"kwjfFsf lglDt 5fOPsf] ufO{sf] l3p . #= 3fdsf] k|v tfk . ~ 38L gf) 3fd nfu]
sf avt sg} j:tn] 3fd 5]Sbf kg{ uPsf 5fofFsf] nDafO gfk] ;do ;"lrt ug]{ lgb]z { so
Gq . ~ 5fof gf) != 3fdsf] k|sfz kbf{ ljleGg
ldl;Ph;L 6Nsg] Ps k|sfsf] FufO jf a'gf]
@= To;L 6Nsg] sk8f . #= b'Mv Pj+ ;'vsf] kll:ylt . bfgbfgL gf) != w"k ;NsfP flvg] e
f] w"kbfgL . @= w"k xfNgsf nflu ememfpFbf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Dha'.p65

w"lnwf]sfxf NofO{ y'kf]sf] afn'jf, kfFuf] dl;gf] df6f] ePsf] 7fpF . " f] nfu] w"ln g
f) [;+)] w"nf] . ~ w";w";lt lj) w"nf]dn w';|f] b]lvPsf] jf ;f] nufP k'm;|f] ePsf] .
6n gf) t'jfFnf] . df6L gf) != w"nf]df6f]sf] y'k|f] agfO{ To;leq l;Gsf] n'sfP vf]Hg]
s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . @= w"nf] df6fsf] ;d"x . w"nf] gf) x]) w'nf] . w"jf gf) x]) w'
jfF . w"; lj) [;+)] != df6fsf] h:tf] k'm;|f]
sf] vfsL . @= w"nf] nfu] k'm;|f] ePsf]
;|f]
sf] w';|f] . > w";lt lj) != w"nf] nfu] k'm;|f] ePsf] . @= WjfF;]
sf], w"; w'
pHh gePsf] k'm;|f] kflPsf] k'm;|f] . w[t lj) [;+)] != wf0f ulPsf] . @= ;dfltPsf] k
f] cF7fOPsf] . #= cfgf clwsfdf flvPsf] cfgf P]Fr jf sAhfdf lnOPsf] . $= flvPsf] :y
gf) %= u|x0f jf wf0f ugf{sf] efj . ^= k'f0fcg';f b'|Xoj+zLo wd{sf Ps k'q . fi6 gf)
eftdf k|l;4, hGd}b]lvsf cGwf Ps k|l;4 fhf b'of]{wgsf afa' . jdf{ gf) ch'{gsf ;fy cZj
d]wsf 3f]8fsf] Iffsf lglDt uPsf lquQ{sf fhsdfsf] gfd . > w[tfTdf lj) != dg alnof] ePs
f] l:ylrQ w}o{zfnL wL . gf) @= lji0f' . w[lt gf) [;+)] != wf0f ug]{ efj, u'0f jf zlQ
o{ wLtf . @= ;dfpg] lqmof u|x0f ug]{ sfd . #= l:ytf, crntf . $= uf}L cflb ;f]x| dft[s
fdWo] Ps . %= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f Ps of]u . ^= Ps kfpdf c7f cIf x'g] 5Gbsf ;a} e]b .
&= rGb|dfsf ;f]x| snfdWo] Ps snfsf] gfd . *= jf:t' jf d"lt{snfdf k|of]u x'g], Ps
c
\u'n jf dfqfsf] gAa] u'gfafasf] gfk ultsf] tLg u'gfafasf] gfk lbs\, cfo'w, gf8L jf
fb'ef{jsf] gf} u'gfafasf] gfk gAa] c
\u'nafasf] gfk . wfL lj) w[ltdfg\ . dfg\ l
]sf] w}o{zfnL wL . @= b'Mv;vdf Psk xg] . w[i6 lj) [;+)] != ;DemfPaemfPsf] k6Ss} g
], gag] jf r]tfjgL lbFbf klg slxNo} gr]Tg] :jefjsf] 9L7 . @= ;do 7fpFcg;fsf] Jojx
f ghfGg] c;Eo clzi6 sf]sf{nL uFjf . #= lgn{Hh . gf) $= cfgf] ckfw yfxf kfP gflosfn
s} lt:sf u] klg p;sf kl5 nfUg g5f8\g] 9L7 gfos wLf]4Qgfos . tf gf) != w[i6 xgfsf]
jf cj:yf l97fOF p208tf . @= lgn{Hhtf a];dkgf . #= lgb{otf lgi7tf . w]g gf) [;+)]
v{} laxfPsf] ufO{ n}g ufO{ . @= ufO{ uf} . #= k[YjL . > w]gsf gf) != bxg ufO{ n}
g ufO{ w]g . @= xl:tgL :qL . #= kf]yL kz . $= s[i0fn] df]sf] Ps b}Tosf] gfd .
658

w]o lj) [;+)] != wf0f ug{ nfos wf0fLo wfo{ . @= kf]if0f ug{ of]Uo kf]if0fLo kf]io .
lkpg nfos k]o . w] lj) [k|f) w]O] != rflxg]eGbf a9L w]} Hofbf axt clws . @= grflxg
nf] . ~ yf] lj) h]hlt 5 jf h]hlt ;lsG5 Tolt yf]axt sda];L . w] } lj) [w] g}] k|z:
t lgs} clws . h;f] lqm) lj) clwst k|fozM k|foM axwf . w}; ] lj) [w}; F f]P]
] sfnf] k'm;|f] sfnf] ;fx|} sfnf] WjfF;] . w};f] gf) [ WjfF;f]] WjfF;f] df];f] . w}o
f) [;+)] != ;
\s6 jf sl7gfOsf ;dodf klg ljrlnt geO{ zfGt xg] dfgl;s zlQm, u'0f jf l
:ytf wLtf . @= pQfpnf] jf cft' gx'g] :jefj p]ulxt lrQj[lQ . #= vfdf]; . $= zflGt . w
gf) [;+)] ;
\uLtsf ;ft :jdWo] dGbGtL, f]lx0fL Dof tLg >'ltsf of]un] ag]sf] 5}6f}F+ :j
g dWo] w rf ;o kfFr :jnxL ePsf] :j . wf]cfO gf) [ w - cfO_] wg] lqmof jf k|lqmo
]cfOg s) lqm) wg nufOg wjfOg . wf]cfpg k|) ] lqm) wg nfpg wjfpg . wf]O gf)
[ w ( O)] wg] sfd . wfO gf) wg] jf ;kmf ug]{ sfd wf]OkvfnL . [> ] wf]Og s) lqm) w
g] sfd ulg . ~ kvfnL gf) != wg] kvfNg] sfd . @= yf]} cfDbfgLaf6 hLljsf ug]{ sfd .
#= ePhlt sfd n]gb]g;DaGwL sff]afsf] km5f}{6 . kmf]O gf) !=s; jf 3d}{nf] gePsf] l
t fd|L wg]kvfNg] sfd . @= dgf]dflnGo ePsf ljifodf :ki6;Fu sf uL dg dfg] sfd . wf]s
lqm) [;+) 9f}s g] != dg nfu]sf] sf 6Gg xGh]n vfg jf lkpg . @= a]sfddf vr{ug{ kmh
n Joo ug{ . #= dgnfUbL;Fu hfF8S;L vfg . wf]sf gf) [;+) w"stf] != s;}nfO{ emSofP
jf axsfP p;sf] :jfy{ tyf af]nLsf] pN6f] ulg] cg}lts cfr0f e"m6f] sfd jf Jojxfff cnf
fpg] jf 9fF6\g] sfd wf]vf . @= 5n sk6 . #= w"t{tf a]OdfgL . wf]sfO gf) [ wf]s\ ( cfO)]
wf]Sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] wf]sfOg s) lqm) wf]Sg nfOg wf]Sg] kflg . wf]sfpg
k|) ] lqm) wf]Sg nfpg wf]Sg] kfg{ . wf]sfwf]s gf) w]} hgf;Fu a;L wf]Sg] sfd x;fx;
. wf]sfafh lj) [wf]sf kmf) afh] wf]sf lbg] a]OdfgL ug]{ wf]s]afh . > wf]sfafhL gf) wf]
sf lbg] sfd a]OdfgL wf]sa ] fhL . wf]sfof gf) t/sfL vfg xg] Ps hftsf] ;fu . wf]sfxf
lj) [wf]s\ cfxf] !=c;xfpFbf] lsl;daf6 lkpg] jf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
659

wf]lsgWofg wf]lqg c) lqm) [wf]qf] O g] != sg} j:t kfgf] vf]qmf] xg vleqsf]
f]qf] xg . @= sg} ljsfaf6 jf hjfgLsf sf0fn] :j 7"nf] xg . wf]q] lj) [wf]qf] P] !=
f]qmf] ePsf] wf]qf] k;]sf] wf]b|] (sf7, d"nf cflb) . @= 7"nf] vf]qmf] :j ePsf] (dfl
g;) . ~ rf] gf) kx]n F f] v}f] sf] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~ ?v gf) leq vf]qmf] k]sf] v
. ~ af]nL gf) :j efl;P lalu|Psf] af]nL . ~ :j gf) ;bL{ jf sg} ljsfaf6 7"nf] ePsf] :j
f]qf] gf) != hldg, v cflbdf leq k]sf] nfdf], 7"nf] Kjfn d"nf, ufh cflbsf] leq xg] vf
]qmf]kg wf]bf | ] . lj) @= leqkl vfnL ePsf] vf]qmf] . #= zfLls ljsf jf hjfgLn] :j la
O{ 7"nf] ePsf] wf]lqPsf] vl;|Psf] wf]b|f] (:j, af]nL) . wf]ofO gf) [ wf]lq ( ofO) wf
lsl;d jf lqmof . [> ] wf]ofOg s) lqm) wf]qf] kflg wf]lqg nfOg . wf]ofpg k|]) lqm
wf]qf] kfg{ wf]lqg nfpg . wf]b ]| lj)x]) wf]q] . wf]b|f] gf)lj)x]) wf]qf] . wf]la
gL gf) [wf]aL OgL] != wf]aL hftsL :qL wf]aLsL kTgL . @= sfnf] ;]tf] ldl;Psf] ePsf] e
u]fsf cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] rf] . . > wf]lag] gf) Ps hftsf] 3fF;sf] a6f] jf hf] ulnof]
xg] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf]ltgf] af]6 . wf]aL gf) Hofnf lnO{ csf{sf nufsk8f wf]P hLjglgjf
{x ug]{ Ps hflt . 3f6 gf) wf]aLn] nuf wg] kfgL ePsf] 7fpF . ~ rf] gf) wf]lagL . w
f]of gf) [w8 c\u] uw{gb]lv kf;Dd uPsf] 9f8sf] ;f]emf] xf8 d]?b08 . wf]jfO gf) [ wf
O)] wjfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] wf]jfOg s) lqm) wg nfOg . wf]jfpg k|) ] lqm
) wg nfpg . wf} gf) [;+) wfjf] sg} ljifosf] k|flKt jf sg} sfo{l;l4sf lglDt kg]{ s
l7gfO dl:sn w]} xtf . wf} lqm) lj) != ;fx|} ufx|f; ] u F dl:snn] dfq . lj) @= ;f
u ] fx|f] ku; ] ku; ] . Wofg gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf sfo{df ?lrk"js { ePsf] P
sfu|tf tGdotf tNnLgtf . @= dgdl:tis Psfu| ePsf] l:ylt of]u, ;fwgf . #= lrGtg ;f]r .
$= ?lr rf;f] Vofn . ~ b[li6 gf) != ulx/f] lrGtg dgf]of]uk"0f{ lg/LIf0f jf cjnf]sg .
@= lbJob[li6 . ~ dUg lj) uDeL/ lrGtgdf nLg ePsf] Wofg ul//x]sf] ;f]rfOdf 8a]sf] .
~ of]u gf) dg jf lrQnfO{ Psfu| kfg]{ Ps k|sf/sf] of]u jf ;fwgf . > Wofgfsif{0f gf)
csf] Wofg cfkm"lt/ lvRg] sfd csf] lbdfuaf6 x/fO;s]sf] jf x/fpg nfu]sf] s/f jf lji
fonfO{ ;Demfpg] sfd . Wofgfslif{t lj) sg} sfds/fk|lt Wofg

vfg] wf]Sg] wf]sjf . @= w]} vfg] jf lkpg] . \ O g] wf]Sg] sfd ulg . wf]lsg s) lqm)
f]s wf]sjf lj) [wf]s \ pjf] g;xfpFbf] lsl;daf6 w]} vfg] jf lkpg] wf]sfxf . wf]s] lj
[wf]sf P] wf]sf lbg] wf]sf xg] . ~ uf]bfd gf) Hofb} cfjZostf jf cefj ePsf cj:yfdf
dfq rnfpg] uL flvPsf] dfn;fdfg, cGgkft cflbsf] uf]bfd artesfL . wf]s]afh lj) wf]sf lb
g] wf]sfafh . > wf]s]afhL gf) wf]sf lbg]sfd a]OdfgL . wf]sf] gf) [wf]s\ cf]] != sg} lj
foj:tkl| t dgdf p7\g] k|an OR5f rfx clenfiff . @= wLt . wf]qmf wf]qmL gf) [wf]qmf] w
f]qmf]] ;fgf7"nf wf]qmfxsf] ;d\"x, wf]qmf wf]qmf;dfgsf j:txsf] ;d"x . wf]lqmg c)
lqm) [wf]qmf] O g] wf]qmf]h:tf] eP kmNg a];L df]6fpg . wf]qm] lj) [wf]qmf] P] != w
mf] af]Sg] . @= wf]qmf ag] a]Rg] sfd ug]{ . #= wf]qmf]h:tf] k]sf] e2f df]6f] sbsf]
. $= wf]qmf]h:tf] uF8 agfP To;leq a:g] (sLf]) . %= wf]qmfsf] dvh:tf] df]xf]tf e
Psf] (;?jfn, kfOhfdf, kfOG6) . gf) ^= lthf{ vlb ug]{ 7]s]bf . ~ lsf] gf) em;}em;n
] ag]sf] wf]qmf]h:tf] uF8df a:g] Ps hftsf] lavfn sLf] . ~ vl6f] gf) wf]qm] sLfsf]
em; lae]m lg:sg] vl6f] . ~ rf] gf) l;p ftf] zL v}f] sf] xg] eFu]f]eGbf klg
rf] . ~ kmn gf) gd vsf 7"n7"nf kft xg], wf]qmfh:tf cfsfsf 7"nf ;]tf k"mn kmNg],
r:ofgdf xg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . ~ ;?jfn gf) wf]qmfh:tf 7"n7"nf df]xf]tf xg] ;?jf
n xfQLkfOn] ;?jfn kfOhfdf kfOG6 . wf]qmf] gf) l;:gf], cNnf], ;gkf6 cflbsf ;"taf6 to
f ulPsf] cgfh cflb e] af]lsg] 7"nf] y}nf], af]f . > wf]qmfO gf) wf]qmfpg] lqmof jf
of . wf]qmfOg s) lqm) a];L vfOg . wf]qmfpg ;) lqm) a];L vfg k]6df c6];d6]; xg]
;g{ sG7fpg . wf]vf gf)x]) wf]sf . wf]v]afh lj)x]) wf]sfafh . > wf]v]afhL gf) wf]s]
afhL . wf]tL gf) [;+) w6L] != sdb]lv dlg a] ] nufOg], ndfOklsf bO{ lsgffdf ;fgf] kf
:tf] ePsf], Ps 5]psf] kmsf]{ cufl8b]lv 6fdlgaf6 l5fP k5fl8 nu] l;plg] gl;nfPsf] j:q
. @= nfdf] 7"nf] s5f8 . #= nFuf]6L . $= ndfOsf bO{ lsgffdf kfL ePsf] :qL hfltn] k
lxlg] ;fL . kf6f gf) != k?if jf :qLn] k]mg]{ wf]tL . @= wf]Psf] nuf . > wf]tL;f] g
) kfgL;f]sf h:tf nfdf] v;|f] kft xg] Ps hftsf] sf7 gxg] la?jf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65

Wof/Wof/Wjlg tj cs[i6 ePsf] Wofgfs[i6 . Wofgs[i6 lj) Wofgfslif{t . WofgL lj) != Wofgd
f nLg ePsf] Wofgdf nfu]sf] ;fwgf/t . @= 1fgL lrGtgzLn . Wof/Wof/ lqm) lj) [c) d") Wo
f/ c -l)_] sk8f jf sfut RofTbf jf pwfbf{ cfjfh cfpg] lsl;d . > WofWoftL{ lqm) lj) cem
a9L Wof/Wof/ xg] lsl;dn] . Wof/{ lqm)lj) [c)d") Wof/\ /] x]) Wjf/{ . Wo]o lj) [;+)
] != Wofgdf Nofpg ;lsg] Wofg ulFb} x]sf] . @= Wofg ug{ of]Uo lrGtg ug{ nfos . gf) #=
Wofg jf lrGtgsf] ljifo, tj, sfd jf sf] . $= nIo p2]Zo . wk | b gf) [;+)] b]jtfxsf]
Lnf Pj+ fhfdxffhfff ulPsf o1flbsf] j0f{gnfO{ lnP ufOg] Ps lsl;dsf] uLt Ps fu . wj
[;+)] != ;wF} Pp6} cj:yf jf 7fpFdf lxxg] l:y crn lgTo . @= sg} ljifodf sg} lsl;dsf
o gePsf] lglZrt lg:;Gb]x . gf) #= kf0fk|l;4 eujfg\sf eQm tyf fhf pQfgkfbsf fgL ;gLl
ttkm{sf h]7f 5f]f . $= pQL cfsfzdf ;w}F c6n xg] k|l;4 7flgPsf] tff] . %= e"uf]nsf cg
;f d"dWo]vfb]lv pQ jf blIf0fkl x]sf] ;aeGbf 6f9fsf] laGb b]zfGt ]vfx s]lGb|t eP
sf] pQ blIf0fsf] 5]p . ^= cfsfz . &= kj{t . *= Hof]ltifzf:qsf cg;f Ps of]u . tf gf
) != wj | xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf l:ytf crntf b[9tf . @= j}1flgs If]qdf bO{ k:k
jf]wL tj jf lbzf leGg x] tfklg ltgaf6 dQm xg] lk08, kbfy{ cflbsf] l:ylt jf u0f .
~ tfftff] gf) pQL cfsfzdf ;w}F Pp6} 7fpFdf x]sf] b]lvg] tff] . ~ bz{s gf) != ;w}F
q} ;O{ kms{g] lbzf;"rs oGq sDkf; . @= ;Ktlif{d08n . ~ bz{g gf) ljjfxsf o1df a;]sf
a]nf jn] jw"nfO{ wj | tff] b]vfpg] sfd . kb gf) != k|foM :tltx ufOg] Ps no . @= ;
uLtdf afaf bf]xf]ofOg] sljtfsf] sg} Ps r0f 6]s . ~ nf]s gf) kf0fcg;f ;Tonf]scGtu
xg] Ps nf]s . ~ ;To lj) wj | pQL cfsfzdf ;wF{} l:y jf c6n eP x]hlQs} ;fFrf] cvl08t
o . > wj | Ls0f gf) l:yLs0f . wj | Lo lj) [;+)] w|j;DaGwL w|jsf] . ~ wf gf) wj
dxf;fuaf6 aUg] lr;f] kfgLsf] k|jfx . ~ jfo gf) wj | Lo If]qaf6 axg] lr;f] atf;
. Wj+; gf) [;+)] gfz ljgfz ;j{gfz . > Wj+;s lj) gfz ug]{ laufg]{ eTsfpg] ljWj+;s . W
g gf) !=gfz ug]{ sfd Wj:t kfg]{ sfd . @= Ifo ;+xf ljgfz . ~ nLnf gf) dfgjljgfzs o4
. Wj+;fjz]if gf) gfz xb F f afFsL x]sf] c+z elTsFbf ar]sf] efu v08x . Wj+l;t lj) gfz
ePsf] lalu|Psf] elTsPsf] Wj:t . Wj+;L lj)
660

!= gfz ug]{ laufg]{ Wj:t kfg]{ . @= ljgi6 xg] gZj . ] Wjh gf) [;+)] != k|foM 8G8fsf
6Kkfdf emG8fP jf afFw sg} ;+:yf jf ljlzi6 JolQmsf] lrXgsf kdf flvg] sk8f emG8f Wj
] ktfsf . @= lrXg lgzfgf . #= >]i7 k|dv . b08 gf) emG8f emG8fpg] b08 Wjholi6 .
Wjhf em08f . e\u gf) emG8f lemSg] sfd ln\uf] 9nfO . oli6 gf) Wjhb08 . oQm lj
sf] emG8fjfn . jfg\ lj) != Wjhf ePsf] emG8fjfn . @= lrXg ePsf] lrXgf\lst . jfxs g
G8fjfn emG8f af]Sg] clwsf k|fKt . > Wjhf+zs  gf) Wjhfsf] sk8f emG8fsf] sk8f . Wjhf
gf) [;+)] emG8f ktfsf Wjh . ~ ktfsf gf) ljjfx, pT;j cflb zesfo{df k|oQ  m xg] lj
leGg cfsfsf \uLr\uL Wjhf To:t} k"mnkft tyf sfuhsf kqkqL . ~ f]k0f gf) emG8f uf8\g]
Wjhf pEofpg] sfd . jfxs gf) emG8f af]Sg] emG8fwfL . > WjhL lj) != Wjhf ePsf] emG8fbf
. @= sg} lsl;dsf] lrXg ePsf] lrlXgt . Wjhf]Qf]ng gf) emG8f kmxfpg]sfd Wjhf uf8\g] sfd
. Wjhf]Tyfg gf) != emG8f uf8\g] sfd Wjhf kmxfpg] sfd . @= OGb|ofqf, la:s]6 cflbsf]
ln\uf] pEofpg] sfd . Wjgg gf) [;+)] Wjlg lgsfNg] sfd zAb lgsfNg] lqmof . Wjlg gf) [
;+)] != sfgn] ;Gg ;lsg] jf ;lgg] ljifo >j0f]lGb|osf] ljifo cfjfh zAb . @= sg} cy{
jf cfzo gvNg] zAb jf cfjfh (kzsf] Wjlg, afbnsf] Wjlg O)) . #= sg} 7fpFdf zAb ys
{b F f kms] { cfpg] cfjfh k|ltWjlg 3Gsf] . $= sg} syg jf plQmsf] jfRofy{ tyf nIofy{n
fO{ 5f8] cy{leq klg ns ] xg] rdTsfL cy{ u"9fy{ Jo\Uofy{ WjGofy{ . %= dvaf6 pRrlt
fjfh . ^= sg} cj:yfdf klg vl08t xg g;Sg] efiffsf] lgDgtd PsfO . ~ c\sg gf) rnlrq j
f l;g]dfsf] Wjlg ]s8{ ug]{ jf eg]{ sfd . ~ cjoj gf) Wjlgxsf] pRrf0fdf ;lqmo xg] kmf]S
;f]bl] v cf]7;Ddsf ljleGg c\ux pRrf0fcjoj . ~ sIf gf) ]l8of] k|;f0f s]Gb| cflbdf Wj
{ lgoGq0f kLIf0f ug]{ sf]7f . ~ sfJo gf) Jo\Uofy{ jf WjGoy{ k|wfg ePsf] sfJo pQd sfJ
o . ~ sn gf) efiffdf kfOg] Wjlgxsf] ;d"x . ~ u|fd gf) Wjlglj1fgcg;f dflg;sf unfaf6
lg:s] ljlzi6 cj:yfdf aGg] Wjlgsf leGgleGg k kmf]lgd (h:t} sf,sL,s, s] cflbsf] pRrf0f
f s Wjlgsf k cnu cnu xG5g\) . Wjlgt lj) [;+)] != Wjlgsf kdf ePsf] . @= zAbsf kdf lg:
]sf] . Wjlg tj gf) [;+)] efiffxdf kfOg] ljleGg Wjlg ltgsf pRrf0fdf x]sf leGgtfsf cfw
f] ;d"x Wjlgsn Wjlg>] 0 fL . > Wjlgtfl js lj) Wjlgtj;DaGwL

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Dha.p65
661

Wjlg gf6sWjf{ lqmof . Wjlg ;\st ] gf) [;+)] sg} 36gfsf] af]w jf ;dosf] hfgsfLsf lglD
lbOg] Wjlgsf] ;\s]t . Wjlg ;~r0f gf) [;+)] jStfff pRrlt Wjlg jfodf x]sf] Oysf ;xf
>f]tfsf] sfg;Dd kUg] k|lqmof . WjGo lj) [;+)] Wjlg lg:sg of]Uo . WjGoy{ gf) [;+)
] Jo~hgfj[lQff af]w xg] cy{ Jo\Uofy{ . WjGofTds lj) [;+)] != Wjlg g} cy{ ePsf] Wjlg
|wfg x]sf] . @= Wjlg ePsf] Wjlgdo . #= Jo~hgf k|wfg ePsf] Jo\UofTds . tf gf) WjGofTd
xgfsf] efj, u0f jf " f{ xg] k|fs[lts cj:yf . ~ zAb gf) Wjlg :jod\ cy{k0 Wjlgxaf6
lg:s]sf] jf hGd]sf] zAb cgs0ffTds zAb . Wj:t lj) [;+)] ;vfk ePsf] lau|]sf] eTs]sf]
i6e|i6 . Wjf;L gf) r'nLuff] gx'g] 3sf rf} kfvf afa x'gfn] w'Ldf 5fgfsf] aLr efudf
n . Wjf;] lj) [WjfF;f]P] WjfF;f]h:tf]
sf] k'm;|f] sfnf] . ~ lrt'jf gf) WjfF;f]h:t} s
]sfnf] vfnsf], jga'6]gdf kfOg], ss bfFt nfdf x'g] lrt'jf . Wjf;f] gf) [;+) w"df+z] !=
w'jfFsf] s0f, w'jfF hd]sf] sfnf] j:t' . @= w}F;f] df];f] . Wjf
\u ]| lj) [Wjf
\uf| ]
P] e2f vfnsf] sb jf l8n8f}n gldn]sf] g;'xfpFbf] 5fF6sf] . Wjfg gf) [;+)] != zAb cfjf
h Wjlg gfb . @= u'~hg ysf]{ . WjfGt gf) [;+)] uf9f ksf] cFWoff] cGwsf lg:k cFWof
Ph:tf] cFWoff] . WjflGb|g c) lqm) [WjfGb|f ] O g] WjfGb|f] kg{ :j gfd|f] xg . W
] lj) [WjfGb|f ] P] WjfGb|f] k]sf] WjflGb|Psf] (v, :j O)) . WjfGb|f ] gf) [;+) Wjfg]
= leq vf]qmf] jf nfdf] Kjfn ePsf] 7fpF . lj) @= leq vf]qmf] xgfn] aflx 7f]Stf cf
jfh lg:sg] . WjfWjf lqm) lj) [c) d") Wjf\ c (l))] sk8f RofQf jf pwfbf{ afaf zAb cfpg
> WjfWjftL WjfWjfL lqm) lj) l56l56f] sk8f cflb Roft] jf pwf] . Wjf{ lqm) lj) [
= kfgLsf] wff] eO{Fdf v:tf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= sk8f RofTbf jf pwfbf{ zAb pTkG
g xg] uL .

Wjlgtjsf] Wjlgtjsf cg;f xg] (Wjlgtfljs cfn]vg O)) . Wjlg gf6s gf) [;+)] /]l8of]af6
|;fl/t ul/g] Ps k|sf/sf] ks Wjlgks . Wjlg lgod gf) [;+)] Ps kljfsf bO{ jf bO{eGbf a
L efiffsf aLrdf xg] leGgtfsf] Ps lglZrt cfwf (h:t} ;+) e|ft[lu|) k|mflt, ;+) 3lif{tlu
) y;{;, ;+) dw lu|) d]y, ;+) w"dMlu|) y"d;) . Wjlg lgb]z { s lj) [;+)] Wjlgt\u b]vf
pg] jf ;"lrt ug]{ . ~ oGq gf) efiffsf Wjlgxsf] j}1flgs cWoog ug]{ Ps oGq . Wjlg lg
b]z { g gf) [;+)] Wjlgt\u b]vfpg] jf ldnfpg] sfd . Wjlg kljt{g gf) [;+)] efiffdf x]sf
Wjlgx Ps kaf6 csf{ kdf ablng] lqmof jf k|j[lQ (h:t};+) sfsg]) sfu, O)) . Wjlg k|;fs
[;+)] Wjlgsf] k|;f ug]{ Wjlg lkmFhfpg] . ~ oGq gf) Wjlg lj:tf ug]{ ;fwg Wjlglj:tfs
dfOqmf]kmf]g . Wjlg k|fwfGojfb gf) [;+)] WjGoy{nfO{ jf Jo\Uofy{nfO{ sfJosf] cfTdf
dfGg] Ps l;4fGt cyjf To:tf] ;Dk|bfo . Wjlg laDa gf) [;+)] cfgf] wf0ffnfO{ JoQm ug]{
qmddf jQmfn] dgdf agfPsf] lrqsf nflu efiff lj1fgdf k|of]u ulg] zAb . Wjlg oGq gf)
[;+)] eflifs Wjlgxsf] pRrf/0f ug]{ zLsf] Ps c\u :j/oGq . Wjlg nf]k gf) [;+)] zAbdf
f ljleGg WjlgxdWo] sg} Wjlg xfpg] sfd . (h:t};fgL cfdf;fgLdf, o;df cf Wjlg nf]k ePsf
) Wjlg lj1fg gf) [;+)] dflg;sf pRrf0f cjojaf6 pRrflt Wjlgxsf] lj1fg;Ddt cWoog ug]{ z
f:q efifflj1fgsf] Pp6f zfvf :jglj1fg . Wjlg lj:tfs lj) [;+)] Wjlgk|;fs . ~ oGq gf) Wj
gx k|;flt ulg] j}1flgs ;fwg Wjlgk|;fs oGq . Wjlg >]0fL gf) [;+)] ljZjsf efiffdf x]sf
leGg Wjlgx ltgsf pRrf0fdf kfOg] leGgtf Pj+ ;dfgtfsf] cfwf Wjlgtj Wjlgsn . Wjlg ;+o
) [;+)] k:kdf k[ys\ ;Qf xg] uL ePsf] bO{ Wjlgxsf] ;fdLKo bO{ Wjlgxsf] lgs6 ;DaGw

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
N ggsf
662

g
g! b]jgfu/L d0f{dfnfsf gfl;So Jo~hgj0f{dWo] aL;f}F Jo~hg
jT:o{, ;3f]if, cNkk|f0f, gfl;So Jo~hg Wjlg tju{sf] clGtd jf kfFrf}F cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;
f] j0f{ jf cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg lgxdG6L g . g@ cJo) [;+)] != lqmofkbs
f] cufl8, k5fl8 jf aLrdf cfP lgif]w aemfpg] zAb -gug,{ gvfg, ghfg, elGbg, ub}
g { Yof], ub}g { xf]nf O)_ . @=sfo{ jf ljifo cflbsf] cefj jf lgif]w aemfpg] zAb
cxF gfOF . k");) #= zAbsf] cufl8 nfu] pN6f] cy{ aemfpg] zAb (gsfd, gfd|f,] ghftL O
)_ . ;+of]) $= bO{ zAb jf jfSosf aLrdf k|of]u eP bjn } fO{ hf]8 lbg] zAb (?g g
xfF:g, b]Vg g ;Gg, pgL g hfG5g\ g a:5g\ cflb) . lgkf) %= zAb jf jfSonfO{ hf
]8 lbg k|of]u ulg] zAb (pbf) x]F g s] u5{ ) . ^= k|Zg ubf{ jf ;xL yfKg nfpFbf jfSosf
] aLrdf jf cl3lNt k|of]u ulg] zAb (pbf) p;n] g eGof xf] g p;n] eGof xf] ) . gsrlg
qm) [gsrf] O g] gsrf] xg gsRrlg . gsr/f] lj)x]) gsRr/f] . gsrofO gf) [ gsrl (
fj, lqmof jf k| l qmof . [>] gsrofOg s)lqm) gsRrofOg . gsrofpg ;) lqm) gsRrofpg
gsrofx6 gf) gsRrofx6 . gsRrlg c) lqm) [gsRrf] O g] gsRrf] xg lgn{Hh xg a];
lj) [;+) gQm~r] af]nLJojxfdf dof{bfsf] Vofn gfVg] nfh gePsf] lgn{Hh a];d gsrf] .
) gsRrf] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . gsRrofO gf) [ gsRrl (ofO)] gsRrlg] :jefj, lqmof jf k
mof . [>] gsRrofOg' s)lqm) nlHht t'NofOg' . gsRrofpg' ;) lqm) != cnfO{ nlHht ufpg' ;
Ug] kfg'{ . @= hfg]sf] sfnfO{ klg ghfg]sf] h:tf] uL ;f]Wg' a'em krfP af]Ng' . gsRrofx
gf) gsRrlg] efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . gs6f lj) [gs6f]cf] gs6f] . ~ xf; gf) d'vdf l5s]l{ d
s]{
ePsf] sfnf] xfF; . gs6L lj) [gs6f]O{] != gfs sfl6PsL . @=OHht gePsL gsRrL lgn{H
#= 5fF6 gldn]sL a]5fF6sL . gs6f] lj) [gfssf6\cf]] != gfs sfl6Psf] g]K6f] . @= cdof{l
bt af]nLJojxf ePsf] gsRrf] lgn{Hh . #= 5fF6 gldn]sf] a]5fF6sf] . 5s6f] lj) != g]K6
Rrf] . @= 5fF6 gldn]sf] pQfpnf] . gs8f gf) [gfs c8f] uf]?sf gfsdf xg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u
. gsahgL gf) [c) gsa kmf) hgL] 3sf] leQf] kmf]] rf]g]{ sfd . gsf lj) [gs6f]] != af]n
] 7]ufg gePsf] e"m6f] 9F6jf . @= k|df0f gePsf] sRrf . gsdL{ gf) [g]jf) gsld] kmnfds
f] sfd ug]{ sflnu8 sflnu8 nf]xf . gsn gf) [c) gSn] != sg} j:tsf] cfsfk|sfl;t ldNg]
gfOPsf] csf]{ j:t cgs[lt . @= s;}n] u]sf] sg} sfdsf] cgs0f ug]{ k|j[lQ cgs0f . #=
sg} d"n n]v h:tfsf] t:t} ;f]sf] sfuh k|ltlnlk . $= clego . %= :jf . ^= cgfjZos z[u \
f . &= 9fFrfsfFrf gSsnemSsn . > gsnrL gf) ;snadf] l hd gsn n] V g] JolQm k|ltlnlksf l
lks n]vgbf; . emsn gf) !=cgfjZos jf pQfpnf] lsl;dn] ulPsf] z[\uf . @= 9fFrfsfFrf gS
mSsn . gsnL lj) != df}lns jf k|fs[lts geP c dfnsf] gsn uL agfOPsf] agfj6L . @= sd d"N
osf c sg} j:t ld;fOPsf] . #= sd;n sRrL . $=hfnL vf]6f] . %= gsn kfg]{ :jf kfg]{ (:qL
. gsn] lj) [ gsn P] != gsn ug]{ . @= 9fFrf kfg]{ :jf kfg]{ . #= cf8DaL 9f]FuL . $= cs
{sf] gSsn ug]{ . emsn] lj) != gSsnemSsn kfg]{ grflxFbf] l;Fufk6f ug]{ :jfFuL . @= g;
xfpFbf] 7fF6afF6sf] pQfpnf] lemNs] . gs; gf) [c) gsz] != ?lkofFk};f yfk] xflht xg]
uL v]lng] tf;sf] Ps v]n . @= ulGhkmf . gsfO gf) [ gsfp ( cfO)] gsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [>] gsfOg c) lqm) cfgfsfgL ulg cgsgfOg . gsfpg c) lqm) sg} sfdsf] ug{ c;lhnf
fGg cfgfsfgL ug[{ cgsgfpg . gsfa gf) [c) lgsfa] != dv 5f]Kgsf lglDt nufpg] sk8f
3D6f] . @= aflxL cf8Da jf :jf . (pbf) b]z;]jfsf] gsfa nufP cfgf] :jfy{ k"f ug{ fd
f]Og .) wfL lj) != glrlgg] p2]Zon] dv 5f]Kg] sk8f nufpg] gsfa wf0f ug]{ . @= gePsf
sfsf] :jf Rg] . kf]; gf) gsfawfL . gsf\g ;) lqm) [;+) gsf g] sg} sfdsf ug{
[lt hgfpg lgif]w ug{ . gsf gf) [;+)] != g cIf tju{sf] clGtd j0f{ . @=lgif]w

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
663

gsffOgvfow
~ z"n gf) sg} lbzfdf hfgkbf{ Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f ljrf ulg], gIfqdf xg] bisfn . > gIfq
o lj) gIfq;Fu

gfOFsf . gsffO gf) [gsf\ cfO] gsfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . gsffTds lj) [;+)] sg} s
sf] gdfGg] jf gug]{ lsl;dsf] c:jLs[ltd"ns lgif]wfTds (syg jf pQ) . ljk) ;sffTds .
f) gsffTds xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . gsflg s) lqm) [gsf\ O g] gsfg]{ sfd ulg gsffOdf
jLs[lt hgfOg . gsn gf) [;+)] != kfFr kf08jdWo]sf Ps efO . @= GofpLd;f] . gSsn gf
) [c) gSnL] != cgs0f gsn . @= :jf 9fFrf . emSsn gf) gsnemsn . gSsnL lj) [gSsn O{]
. ~ h6fd;L gf) nueu Ps ld6 cUnf], Pp6} e]6g \ d  f ;;fgf tLgj6f kft xg,] 8Nnf] d
fnfsf ;]tf] k"mn kmNg] cf]vtLd"nf]df k|of]u xg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt . gSsn] lj) [gS
sn P] gSsn ug]{ gsn] . gSsf;L gf) [c) gSsfzL] != wft, sf7, kTy cflb sFb] a]naf eg]{
d jf ljBf . @= 5fKgfsf lglDt wft, sf7, kTy cflb sFb] lrq cflb agfpg] sfd . bf lj) g
sf;L e]sf] a]naf agfOPsf] . gSvL gf) [;+) gv] l;tf, tfgk"f cflb ahfpFbf rf] cf}Fnfs
6Kkfdf nufOg] tfsf] ;fwg . gSt gf) [;+)] != lbgsf] rf}yf] jf clGtd k|x ;GWof ;? x
g nfUbfsf] ;do . @= ft flq . #= lzj . r lj) fltflt lxF8g \ ] flqr lgzfr . ~ e
j|tkl5 ulg] ftsf] ef]hg . ef]hL lj) ftdf ef]hg ug]{ gStj|t lng] . ~ j|t gf) ftdf
lji0fsf] k"hf u]kl5 dfq ef]hg ulg] Ps j|t . gqm gf) [;+)] dfp;nLsf cfssf] zL nfdf
tgf] xg] 7"nf] Ps hnhGt uf]xL u|fx . gIfq gf) [;+)] != rGb|dfsf] dfu{df b]lvg],
;f}hut\b]lv cnu x]sf ;QfO; gIfq jf tffxsf] ;d"x (clZjgL, e0fL, s[lQsf, f]flx0fL, d[u
zf, cfb|f,{ kgj{;, kio (ltio), cZn]iff, d3f, k"jf{kmfNugL, pQfkmfNugL, x:tf,
lrqf, :jftL, ljzfvf, cgfwf, Ho]i7f, d"n, k"jf{iff9f, pQfiff9f, >j0f, wlgi7f, ztle
iff, k"j{efb|kb, pQefb|kb ]jtL) . @= Hof] l tifzf:qcg ; f dg i osf c;nvfa cj:yfsf
clwi7ftfx . #= tff . ~ rqm gf) != rGb|dfn] ;QfO; cfO; lbgdf klqmdf ug]{, ;QfO; gIfqsf
rqm jf 3]f] flzrqm . @= tflGqsxn] k"hf ug]{ Ps rqm . klt gf) rGb|df . ~ ky gf) gIf
e|d0f ug]{ dfu{ gIfqdfu{ cfsfz . ~ dfu{ gf) gIfqky . ~ ljBf gf) Hof]ltifljBf .

;DalGwt gIfqsf] . gS;nkGyL gf) gS;njfbL . gS;njfb gf) [gS;n (:yfg) jfb] eftsf] klZrd a
ufnsf] gS;njfbL Onfsfaf6 ;? ePsf] dfS;{jfb n]lggjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] jfdkGyLxsf] fhgL
lts ljrfwff . > gS;njfbL lj) != gS;njfbdf ljZjf; fVg], gS;njfbsf] ;dy{s . gf) @= To:
tf fhgLlts sfo{stf{xsf] ;d"x gS;nkGyL . gS;f gf) [c) gSz > gSzf] != ]vfff tof ulPs
rq ]vflrq . @= b]z, ;x, gbL, kxf8, ;db| cflbsf] ;\s]t;lxt n]lvPsf] k[YjL jf vuf]nsf
] lrq dfglrq e"lrq . #= 3, dlGb, kn cflb agfpg tof kflg], gfkgdgf;lxtsf] lrq . $=
[lt cfsf k]vf -h:tf] Ps} gS;fsf], ldNbf] gfkgS;f O)_ . ~ kmf6 gf) 3, kvf{n cflbsf]
tf{ ug]{ jf tT;DaGwL sfd ug]{ zfvf . ~ kf; gf) lgodfg';f gS;f kf; ug]{ sfd . gv gf)
[;+)] != g
g
\uf | . @= gSvL . Ift gf) != g
ufl8gfn] nfu]sf] 3fp g
u8]sf] lrXg g
@= k'?ifxn] :qLsf] srdb{g ubf{ :tgdf nfUg] g
sf] lrXg jf 8f]a . gvdfpnL lj) [gvdfpnf]
] gfs, d'v grfpFb} gsn kf] sf ug]{ gvf kfg]{ pQfpnf] :jefjsL -:qL_ . gvdfpnf] lj)
f]] gfs, d'v grfpFb} gsn kf/]/ s/f ug]{ gv/f kfg]{ pQfpnf] :jefjsf] . gvf gf) [kmf)]
!= r9\bf] a}; F df, ljz]if uL :qLxdf x'g] r'na'n]kg 5fn]kg . @= xfpefp 9fFrf :jf
. #=
axfgf lgx'F . gv] lj) [gvfP] gvf ug]{ :jf
kfg]{ . gvljif gf) [;+)] != zLdf g
n]
f8\bf ljif nfUg] hLj g
df ljif x'g] hLj (dflg;, ss , lafnf], afFb cflb) . @= g
df x'
if . gvlzv j0f{g gf) [;+)] v'fsf] g
b]lv lnP lz;Ddsf] j0f{g :y"n z[
\ufls sljtfdf kfO
Xo k;f}Gbo{sf] j0f{g . gvlzvfGt lqm) lj) [;+)] uf]8fsf] g
b]lv lnP lzvfsf] cGTo;Dd v'f
]lv 6fpsf];Dd (zLsf ;Dk"0f{ cjoj) . gvf3ft gf) [;+)] g
n] sf]kbf{ jf uf8\bf kg{ uPsf]
3fp gvIft . gvfo'w gf) [;+)] g
jf g
\u|fnfO{ g} xltofsf kdf k|of]u ug]{ k|f0fL g
n]
f lryf]] cf3ft ug]{ k|f0fL (l;+x, af3, sv'f] O)) .

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65

gvLg
gvL lj) [;+)] != nfdfnfdf g
jf g
\uf | x'g] . @= g
\uf | nfO{ g} xltofsf] kdf k|
ug]{ gvfo'w . gf) #= Ps ;'ulGwt b|Jo . gu gf) [;+)] != cUnf 8fF8f kxf8 kj{t . @= v j[
f . gu0f gf) [;+)] 5Gbzf:qsf lgodcg';f tLg n3' dfqf x'g] Ps u0f ( ... ) . gu0o lj)
[;+)] != u0fgf ug{ gkg]{ u0fgf ug{ cof]Uo uGtLdf gcfpg] yf]} cNk . @= t'R5 lgs[i6 . g
b gf) [c) gSb] != rngrNtLdf cfOxg] sfuhL d'b|f jf wft'sf d'b|f l;SsfkL wg ?lkofFk};f
cflb . lj) @= ax'd"No . #= pQd >]i7 . ~ gffo0f gf) != ?lkofFk; } f cflb gub b|Jo .
@= dxjsf b[li6n] gffo0f:jk gub b|Jo . > gubfgubL gf) != gub lnOPsf] 7fpFdf ltlg] gub}
sd . @= sg} dfn;fdfg, a:t'efp lsGbf tTsfn ulgg] gub ?lkofFk; } f. gubL gf) [gubO{]
!= gub l;Ssf . lj) @= tTsfn gubsf kdf kl0ft x'g ;Sg] . ~ lstfa gf) gub ?lkofFk};fsf]
cfosf] lx;fa fVg] lstfa . ~ vftfaxL gf) n]gb]g, sff]afsf] lx;fa fVg] sfkL jf axL . g
b] lj) [gubP] gubsf kdf kl0ft ug{ ;lsg] (a:t'efp, afnLgfnL cflb) gubL . ~ afnL gf) !=
gub cfDbfgL ug]{ p2]Zon] pAhfOg] s[lifafnL (pv', ;'tL{, skf;, h'6 cflb) . @= a]r
lavg u] gubsf kdf kl0ft ug{ ;lsg] To:tf] afnL . gu gf) [;+)] != ;8s, ahf;lxt w]} df
] a:tL ePsf] ufpFeGbf a9L ef}lts ;fwg ;'ljwf ePsf] ljsl;t 7fpF ;x k' (6fpg) . @= To
t} 7"nf] kdf x]sf] sg} Ps a:tL (ljf6gu, cfbz{gu, dx]Gb|gu O)) . sf]6 gf) g]kfn cl
afUdtLc~rncGtu{t eQmk' lhNnfsf] pQk"j{ sgfdf x]sf] lxdfnL z[
\vnf tyf ;"of]{bosf] dgf]
x b[Zo b]lvg] Ps k|l;4 7fpF . ~ gflosf gf) ;xdf a;] gfrufg ug]{ k};f lnP kk'?if;Fu
f; ug]{ :qL j]Zof G8L . ~ k~rfot gf) gusf] :jf:Yo, ;kmfO, aQL, ;8s, 9n, kfgL cflbsf]
Joj:yf ug{ s f nflu k~rfotsfnLg guk~rfot P]gadf]lhd ;DalGwt gusf hgtfff lgjf{lrt, k~
rfotL Joj:yfcg';f gutxsf] lgsfo . kfn gf) gusf] x]rfx ug]{ JolQm gusf] Iff ug]{ J
. ~ kflnsf gf) jt{dfg Joj:yfcg'k gusf] ;;kmfO, :jf:Yo, ;8s, ejg, 9n, kfgL cflbsf] J
oj:yf ug{ j}wflgs kdf lgjf{lrt ;
\ul7t lgsfo . ~ lktfk|dv ' gf) gukflnsfsf lgjf{lrt
|d'v clwsfL d]o . ~ k|xL gf) gusf] x]rfx jf Iff ug{sf nflu flvg] k|xL
664

guIfs k|xLsf] ljz]if ljefu . jf;L lj) gu jf ;xdf a:g] k'jf;L ;xlof . ~ ljsf; of
kfgL, lah'nL, 9n, ;8s cflbsf] cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfO{ gusf] ;d'lrt ljsf; ug{ ag]sf]
of]hgf of]hgfa4 kdf gu a;fpg] jf gusf] ljsf; ug]{ sfo{qmd (6fpgKnflg
) . guf gf) [km
gSsf] lkFw tLvf] ePsf] lepF6h:tf], tfdfsf efF8fdf 5fnfn] df]xf]s ] f], uhfn] ahfOg
] Ps tfnafhf 7"nf] bdfxf 8
\sf . guL gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] gu jf ;x . @= gu . s0f g
sfd sg} 7fpFnfO{ ;xsf kdf ljsf; ug]{ sfd . guLo lj) [;+)] != gudf a:g] jf x'g] . @=
DaGwL gusf] . gurL{ gf) [gufrL] != guf ahfpg] JolQm . @= bdfO{n + fO{ dfgk"j{s ;Daf]w
ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . guflwk gf) [;+)] != k'f0fcg';f kj{tsf] fhf dflgPsf] ;'d]? kj{
t . @= lxdfno . glur gf)of])lqm)lj)x]) glhs . gu]Gb| gf) [;+)] != guflwk ;'d]? . @=
lxdfno . guf]kf gf) [ef]) a)] wfld{s k"hfcfhf rnfpg], fO{lnDa"sf wd{u? ' . (guf]kf
nfO{ b]ptf r9\gs ' f ;fy} pm O{Zjsf] k|ltlglw ag] dflg;nfO{ lgb]{lzt u5{ . guf]kfff
emfFqmL j}Bsf] sfd klg x'G5 ) . gUuf lj) [gfu\cf] pl5g] cufl8 hfg] gfg] . gUg lj) [
] != zLdf n'ufkmf6f] s]xL gePsf] gf
\uf] lbuDa lgj{:q . @=cfj0f gePsf] . #= 9fs5f]k
tfsf] t:t} x]sf] oyfy{ v;f]vf; (k, sf] cflb) . tf gf) != gUg x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
f
\uf]kgf . @= ;a yf]s k|s6 ugf{sf] efj jf l:ylt . ~ g[To gf) !=gf
\uf] gfr . @= dgnf
Ubf] Jojxf . ~ ;To gf) fd|f] jf lk|o b]vfpg] p2]Zon] sg} skf]slNkt jf agfj6L sf gylkP
f] jf:tljs sf] ;'Gbf jf x]bf{ clk|o gfd|f] nfUg] t oyfy{ sf] gf
\uf] ;To . gUgf
= n'ufkmf6f] gnufPsL gf
\uL lgj{:q (:qL) . @= nfh ;d gePsL lgn{Hh (:qL) . g3fO gf) [
\ (cfO)] != gfg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [g3fpcfO] @= g3fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] g3
fOg' s)lqm) gfg nfOg' . g3fpg' k|) ] lqm) gfg nufpg' gfg] agfpg' . g
gf) [;+) gv] c
fsf 6'Kkfdf cf}n F fsf] df;'af6} knfPsf] To;};Fu 6fFl;Psf], 5fnfeGbf dfly cfPhl
t rflxF sf6\tf gb'Vg] kftnf] xf8 gv g
\uf | . ~ s6gL gf) != O:kftaf6 ag]sf] g
sf6\g] ;
fwg . @= g
sf6\g] sfd . 5'L gf)

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65
665

g
\ufg\ grL gf) [gfrL] @= gfr g[To . @= gfRg] :qL gt{sL . grf] gf) [gfrf]] gfRg
'jf . grfO gf) [ gfr\ (cfO)] gfRg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof gfRg] 9fFrf jf rfn . [> ] g
rfOg' s) lqm) gfRg nfOg' . grfpg' k|) ] lqm) != gfRg nfpg' g[To ufpg' . @= s;}nfO{ g
rflxFbf] lsld;n] afaf lxF8fP b'Mv lbg' . #= OR5fg';f s;}nfO{ sfddf nufpg' . $= otfpl
t rnfpg' . %= 3'dfpg' lFufpg' . gr'jf lj) [gfr\pjf] != gfRg] k];f ePsf] gfRg] sfd ug]
g[To ug]{ . gf)@= gfRg] k];f ePsf] JolQm g5'jf g6 . > gr'jL lj) != gfRg] k];f ePsL
g[To ug]{ (:qL) . gf) @= gfRg] :qL, g6L grL gt{sL . grf}f] gf) [gfr\cf}f]] gfRg] Jol
t{s g6'jf . ' P] != k ;]sL h:jnf . @= 5'g gx'g] g5'g ] lj) [g5'g :kz{ gulg] . gh
= cfFvf gog g]q . @= x]g]{ sfd x]fO cjnf]sg b[li6 . #= ]vb]v x]ljrf lgufgL .
lZrt 7fpFaf6 aflx lg:sg gkfpg] uL lgoGq0fdf flvPsf] (JolQm) . @= :jtGq 5f]l8lbPdf b
]zsf] zflGt;'Iffdf vnn kg]{ cfz
\sfn] 3d} jf cGoq sg} 7fpFdf flvPsf] jf y'lgPsf] (JolQ
m) . #= OGb|hfn jf ;Ddf]xg ljBfff bz{ssf] x]g]{ zlQmnfO{ jzdf kflPsf] . aGbL gf) !=
ghaGb fVg] sfd . @= OGb|hfn jf ;Ddf]xgljBfff bz{ssf] x]g{] zlQmnfO{ jzdf kfg]{ lqmof
jf rfn . ghfgf gf) [c)] dfGohg jf Oi6ldqnfO{ v';LofnLdf lbOg] e]6 sf];n ] L ;f}uft p
kxf . ghftL lj) [ghftL] vfa gfd|f] sd;n . ghfg] cJo) [ghfg]] slGg sf]lg, yfxf 5}
of])lqm)lj) [kmf) ghbLs] ;dLk lgs6 glur . > glhlsg' c) lqm) 5]p5]pd} cfOk'Ug' glhsdf
xg' lgs6 x'g' . glhSofO gf) glhlsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . glhSofOg' s)lqm) glhs NofOg'
glur kflg' . glhSofpg' k|) ] lqm) glhs Nofpg' glur kfg'{ . glh gf) [c) ghL] != kl5 lg
dsf kdf k|:t't ulg], sg} d'2fsf l;nl;nfdf ;jf]R { r cbfntn] u]sf] k"jl{ g0f{o . @= p
bfx0fsf kdf k|:t't klxn] 36]sf] sg} 36gf . #= pkdf b[i6fGt pbfx0f . g\ k") ;) [;+)]
lqmof, ljz]if0f cflb zAbsf cufl8 hf]l8g] lgif]wfTds cy{ a'emfpg] Ps cJoo (c zAbs
f ;fy hf]l8Fbf o;sf] k Jo~hgsf ;fy c :jsf ;fy cg x'G5 .) @= tTk'?if;df;sf] Ps e]b g
\ ;df; (pbf) ck|flKt, cglwsf O)) .

!= cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkfdf g
lg l7lxofpFbf x'g] kL8f g
l;L . @= g
sf bfofFafofF sgfdf lg:sg]
5]:sf]h:tf] cjoj, pr]f . #= g
sf sgf kfSg] Ps f]u . ~ kfln; gf) g
df nufOg] kfln; . ~
f;' gf) != g
df;' . @= g
df;' hf]l8Ph:t} cfTdLo ;DaGw . l;L gf) g
5'L . > gl
gL
\g,] O:kftaf6 ag]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] xltof g
s6gL . @=gfpm hfltsL :qL . g
\uf lj) [;+) gUg]
!= n'[ufkmf6f] s]xL gnufPsf] lgj{:q gf
\uf] . @= wghg s]xL gePsf] PSnf] . #= n'Rrf] l
gn{Hh . ~ emf lj) gf
\u]emf/ . ~ gfr gf) lgn{Hhtfk"j{s h] dgdf nfUof] ToxL ug]{ lqmof
dgnfUbf] Jojxf . g
\lug' c) lqm) [gf
\uf]Og'] != n'ufkmf6f]lagfsf] x'g' gf
\ u f] x' g
@= n' s fO{ l 5kfO{ flvPsf] s s [ T o jf vfa cfr0f k|sfzdf cfP csf cfFvfdf lug'{ . #=
vf]l:6g' . g
\uL lj) [gf
\uf]O{] != n'ufkmf6f] gnfPsL lgj{:q (:qL) . @= nfh ;d gePsL l
Hh (:qL) . #= bfk jf Dofgaf6 lemlsPsf] (taf, v'sL cflb) . g
\u]7f] gf) [g
\ufP7f]] !=
\ ' efFrL ;ofOPsf] ds}sf] 3f]uf] . @= e'TNofOPsf] ds} gdf}7f] . g
\UofO gf) [g
\Uofp (
O)] g
\Uofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] g
\UofOg' s) lqm) gf
\uf] kflg' . g
\Uofpg' ;) lqm
gf
\luofpg'] != n'ufkmf6f]ljgfsf] kfg'{ gf
\uf] kfg'{ lgj{:q t'Nofpg' . @= af]qmf], vf]
6f] cflb lemSg' vf]:6fpg' . #= ePesf] ;DklQ lng' l;Lv'L kfg'{ . > g
\Uofx6 gf) gf
\u
{ jf g
\Uofpg] lqmof jf cj:yf g
\UofO . g
\uf | gf) [;+)] != nfdfnfdf kf] kflnPsf g

vf g
. @= kz'kIfLxsf] 8f]nf] g
. #= yfFqmf]nfO{ ;dfpg] nxfsf] g
h:tf] cjoj xTof}f] .
uL | gf) ;fgf] g
\uf | . g
\u|] lj) [g
\uf | P] g
\u|f ePsf] (kIfL cflb) . ~ s]nf] gf
:tf] x'g] Ps hftsf] s]nf] r'Rr] s]nf] . g
\uf | ] gf) g
\u|fsf] Ps jrg g
\u|f . g
\Uo|
lqm) g
n] lryg'{ . g
\l
g c) lqm) [gf\f] O g] gf\f] xg gf\lg . > g\ fO g
) g\UofOg . g\fpg k|) ] lqm) g\Uofpg . g\fx6 gf) g\Uofx6 . grgL gf) [gfr\ cg
grL gt{sL . @= n]sf] nfjf fdbfgf . udgL gf) != gfRg]ufpg] :qL (k|foM x]ofy{df) . @=
Rg]ufpg] sfd . (pbf) grgLudgLdf nfu] dfq} ltdL s;L pGglt u5f}{ <) .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

g6glGbgL g6! gf) [c\)] kmnfdsf] k]r aN6sf 6Kkfdf cNemfpg] leq Kjfn k]sf] ;;fgf] xl
tof . g6@ gf) [;+)] != gfRg] k];f ePsf] JolQm gf6s cflbdf gfRg] JolQm gt{s g6jf . @=
cleg]tf . fh gf) != gt{sxsf] fhf g[Tosnfdf k|jL0f . @= s[i0f . #= lzj . j gf) !
df w]} szn tyf k|jL0f JolQm . @= s[i0fsf] Ps gfd . lj) #= clt rt ;fx|} rgfvf] . > g
6L gf) != gfRg] k];f ePsL :qL gf6s cflbdf g[To jf clego ug]{ :qL kfq gt{sL g6jL . @
= cleg]qL . #= g6 hfltsL :qL . g6s gf) sft]sf] wfuf] a]g]{ rvf{sf] nfdf] ;Of] .
g6jf gf)lj) g6 grjf . g6jL gf) :qL g6 g6L . > g6]Zj gf) g6sf clwklt lzj . gt lj
!= ems]sf] gxs ] f] lgxlPsf] . @= gd| :jefjsf] ljgd| ljgLt . d:ts lj) != dfGo h
lt ;Ddfg efjn] lz lgxfPsf] . @= 7"nfa8f;Fu ;jfnhjfkm gug]{ . #= cfgf] bf]if jf s;
cflbn] ubf{ ljjz ag]sf] nfrf nlHht . > gtf+z gf) zLsf] jf cGo sg} j:tsf] ems]sf] e
. gtf\uL gf) zL lgx]sL :qL gfL . glt gf) [;+)] != gd| xg] lqmof jf efj gd|tf lj
d:sf . glthf gf) [c) gtLh] != sg} sfdsf] cflvdf xg] fd|f] jf gfd|f] kl0ffd sg} sf
isif{ . @= >d jf k|of;sf] kmn, lhN6 . gtf]b lj) [;+)] aLr v08 lelqPsf] k]6 leq k;]sf
] . gTy gf) [k|f) 0fTy] != :qL hfltn] gfsdf nfpg] dGb|Lh:tf] uxgf . @= uf]?, fFuf
] cflbsf] gfs 5]8] nufOg] dGb|f], 8f]L cflb . nfof] gf) y cIf lrgfpg] zAb . > glTy
) lqm) != uf]?, fFuf] cflbsf] 5]l8Psf] gfsdf dGb|f], 8f]L cflb nfUg . @= bO{ jf
bO{eGbf a9L j:t k:k clNemg hf]lN6g . #= sg} sfd ug{ afWo xg . $= gTydf ;dfltP
l3lRrg . gTyL gf) [;+) g:t] != sfutkqnfO{ 8f]L, wfuf], lkg cflbn] h]Ng] sfd . @=
uf]?, fFuf] cflbsf gfsdf nufOg] dGb|f];lxtsf] 8f]L gTy . #= s;}n] sg} sfd ug{ ljjz
jf afWo ufpg] pkfo jf sf . ] lj) sfd gnfUg] gTy gf) [gTy p] x]) gfy . v} a]nfos
TYofO gf) [ gTYofp ( cfO)] gTYofpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [> ] gTYofOg s) lqm) gTy n
ufOg . gTYofpg ;) lqm) [gTyL ofp g] != :qLhfltn] gfsdf gTy nufpg . @= uf]?, fFuf] c
lbsf] gfs 5]8] dGb|f] 8f]L cflb nufpg . #= sfutkq cflbnfO{ k:kdf cNemfpg . $= sg}
sfdsf ug{sf nflu ljjz ufpg afWo tNofpg .
> gTYofx6 gf) gTYofpg] cj:yf, efj jf lqmof
666
. gTYofxf

lj) gTYofpg] rfnsf] gTYofpg] :jefjsf] . gq ;+of]) [;+) gt] != To;f] gePsf] eP, xf
]Og eg] cGoyf . @= kIffGtdf . eg] ;+of]) To;f] xb F g } eg] To;f] geP geP t . gygf
) [gTy cg] gfsdf nufpg] kfgf] vfnsf] Ps uxgf gfy . gygL gf) [yf)] yf hfltsf :qLxn] g
sdf nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . gynL gf) [gTy pnL] gfsdf nufOg] ;fgf] gTy . gb gf) [;+)
] != 7"nf] vf]nf] jf gfnf . @= gbL zAbsf] kln\uL k . gbftgbfb gf) [kmf) gbfb] sg}
gePsf] l:ylt cefj z"Gotf . glbsf gf) [;+)] ;fgf] vf]nf] vx] ;fgf] gbL . gbL gf) [;+)
= sg} kj{t, bx cflbaf6 lg:s] lglZrt :yfgdf aUb} c gbLgfnf;Fu ldl;P jf PSn} ;db|df l
dl;g] hnk|jfx . @= 7"nf] vf]nf] . sf6 gf) != gbLn] sf6]sf] jf gbLn] k]sf] hldg .
@= gbLn] 5f]8]sf] 7fpF au . h lj) != gbLaf6 pTkGg xg] . gf) @= ;db| . #= eLid lkt
fdx . dft[s lj) cfsfzaf6 a;]s { f] kfgLsf] dfq e kg{ gkg]{ gbLsf] kfgLn] l;FrfO x
g] (hldg) . dv gf) ;db| jf c sg} gbLl;t ldl;g] gbLsf] dv gbLsf] dxfg . > gbLz g
) gbLsf clwklt ;db| . g4 lj) [;+)] != afFlwPsf] a4 . @= ldnfOPsf] . #= 9flsPsf] .
glgsf] lj) [g lgsf]] != gfd|f] vfa . @= c?lrs . ~ vl6f] gf) ;fsL{ vl6f] . gGv6fO g
gfgvtfO{] la:s6h:tf] sdnf], ulnof], km;fkm; hfg] Ps k|sfsf] f]6L . gGb gf) [;+) ggG
b[] nf]Ug]sL alxgL . > gGbs lj) != dg k|;Gg tNofpg] cfgGb lbg] . @= ;Gtf]ifk|b .
gf) #= lji0fsf] v8\u . lszf] gf) gGbsf 5f]f s[i0f gGbkq . gGbg gf) [;+)] != :ju{sf
au}Frf b]jfh OGb|sf] pkjg . @= 5f]f] . #= lzj . $= lji0f . %= afbn . lj) ^= cfgGb
lbg] k|;Gg kfg]{ . ~ sfggjg gf) ;fx|} ;Gb ;vb dflgPsf] :ju{df l:yt OGb|sf] au}Frf
gGbg . gGbf gf) [;+)] != s[i0f zSn bj} kIfsf k|ltkbf, ifi7L jf PsfbzL ltly . @=
cfgGb xif{ . #= buf{sf] Ps k uf}L . $= ;DklQ wg . glGbgL gf) [;+)] != 5f]L kqL .
uf{ . #= u\uf . $= gGb . %= jlzi7 Clifn] kfn]sL ufO{ sfdw]gsL af5L . ^= ;u0f, hu
0f, ;u0f, hu0f Ps u? ePsf] zf:qLo 5Gbljz]if .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
667

gGbLgDaL sfd Tofu . gdlsg lj) [kmf) gdsLg] != gg xfn] agfOPsf] glgnf] :jfb ePsf] g
nf] . gf) @= lgDsL . gdhf lj) [g dhf] != 3l6of lsl;dsf] lbSsnfUbf] gfd|f] . gf) @= a]d
Hhf lbSbfL . gdg gf) [;+)] != gd:sf ug]{ sfd k|0ffd ug]{ sfd 9f]u . @= gxg] sfd lg
. #= gd|tf ljgo . > gdgLo lj) != lz lgxfpg of]Uo gd:sf ug{ of]Uo aGB k|0fDo cfb
lgxfpg jf emsfpg ;lsg] a\Uofpg ;lsg] . gd:sf gf) [;+)] != lgx] jf lz emsfP df
O{ clejfbg ug]{ lqmof gdM ;fb k|0ffd ;fb clejfbg gd:t] 9f]u . @= s;}nfO{ bO{ xft hf
dfg b]vfpg] { g]{ sfd . > gd:sfo{ lj) lz emsfpgkg]{ gd:sf ugk gd:sf ug{ of]Uo cfb
Lo . gd:s[t lj) [;+)] gd:sf ulPsf] k|0ffd ulPsf] cfb ulPsf] ;Ddflgt k"lht . gdl:q
+)] gd:sf ug]{ lqmof gd:sf ug]{ sfd k|0ffd ug]{ sfd . gd:t] gf) [;+)] tkfO{FnfO{ gd:s
5 eGg] cy{ aemfpg] zAb gd:sf k|0ffd . gdfh gf) [kmf)] O:nfd wd{sf cg:ff d;ndfgxn]
ltlbg kfFr k6s sfg k9L ug]{ O{Zj k|fy{gf . > gdfhL lj) lgodk"js { gdfh k9\g] (JolQm)
. gldt lj) [;+)] lgx]sf] gx]sf] ems]sf] gt . gdu gf) [g]jf)] sLnf] pv]Ng] bO{ l
a|f] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] kmnfd] 3g kmnfd] du \ f |] . gdgf gf) [kmf) gd"gf] != sg} j:t
sf] u0f, cfsfk|sf cflb hfGgsf lglDt lemlsPsf] jf agfOPsf] ;fgf] c+z sg} j:tnfO{ l
rgfpg To;}sf] cgs0fdf tof kflPsf] j:t afGsL 9fFrf . @= sg} j:t jf sg} sfnfO{ ;D
|:tt ulPsf] pbfx0f b[i6fGt . bf lj) gdgf nfos gdgfsf kdf lng ;lsg] . ~ kf7 gf)
ts, n]v cflbaf6 gdgf:jk ulPsf] kf7 jf jfrg . gd]? gf) [;+)] != ?b|fIfsf] af]6 . @=
Ps k|sfsf] kGgfu j[If . gd]f] gf) gfef] . gdf]u? gf) [;+)] != wfld{scfWoflTds lzIf
f lbg] u? . @= a|fXd0f . gDa gf) [c\)] != u0fgfsf qmdn] sg} j:tsf] kldf0f aemfpg]
c\s (!,@,# cflb) ;\Vof . @= sg} j:tsf] PsfO yfg uf]6f cbt . #= sd{rfLxsf] dflyNnf
f r9\g] kfnf] pGgltsf] qmd f]n . gDaL lj) [gDa O{] != gDa ePsf] gDa nfu]sf]

gGbL gf) [;+)] lzjn] r9\g] u]sf] ;fF9] lzjsf] jfxg a;fxf . ~ u0f gf) != lzjsf] Ps u0f
fn jf a;fxf . @= lzjsf gfddf 8fd] 5fl8Psf] ax ;fF9] . dvL gf) 6F8f] gxg] Ps hftsf
] uxF d8nf] uxF . j[Q gf) nx] kLkn . > gGbLZj gf) != gGbLxsf dflns lzj . @= lz
] dVo u0f . gGb] lj) [gGb P] gGb;Fu ;DalGwt gGbsf] . ~HjfOefO gf) gGbsf] nf]Ug] . gkg
gf) [gfk] != sg} j:t'sf] nDafO, rf}8fO, prfO cflbsf] kldf0f gfk gfkf] . @= gd'gf pbfx
f . gkfO gf) [ gfk\ (cfO)] gfKg] lqmof jf k|lqmof gfKg] ] sfd . [> ] gkfOg' s) lqm) g
fKg nfOg' . gkfpg' k|) lqm) hUufhldg cflb gfKg nfpg' gfkL ufpg' . gk'; + s gf) [;+)]
!= :qLk'?if g5'lPsf] k|f0fL lxh8f . @= sg} klg sfdsfdf cfF6 gePsf] JolQm lxDdt jf ;f
; gePsf] dflg; . #= hgg]lGb|o gePsf] jf eP klg lqmofzLn gePsf] JolQm . tf gf) !=
gk'; + s x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf lxh8fkg . @= gk';+s x'g] Ps f]u . Tj gf) gk';+stf . ~
ln
\u gf) Jofs0fcg';f k'?if :qL jf efn]kf]yL g5'lg] ln
\u . gKkn gf) [ef]) a)] lxdf
udf k}bf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ux'Fh:tf] cGg . gafkm gf)x]) gjfkm . > gafkmL gf)lj) gjfkmL
. gAa] gf) [k|f) 0fpO] != c;L b;sf] of]u;
\Vof b; 36L ;o () sf] c
\s . lj) @= c;L b
of]u;
\Vofsf] ;f] ;
\Vofdf kg]{ . > gAa]cf} + gAa]of} lj) u0fgf ubf{ gAa]sf] ;
\Vofd
] gAa] ;
\Vofdf kg]{ . ge gf) [;+)] != k[YjL u|xgIfqsf aLrsf] z"Go :yfg csf; cfsfz .
= ;fpg dlxgf . #= afbn d]3 . $= kfgL . r lj) geZr . geGb} ;+of]) [geGb}] cfk"mn] eg
], ;f]r]sf] jf sNkgf u]sf] sf] ;To x'g cfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb xf] ls t ;fFRr} . (pbf)
}n] Tof] cfpF5 eGg] 7fg]sf] lyPF, geGb} cfOxfn]5 ) . geZr lj) [;+)] != cfsfzdfu{df
lxF8\g] jf 8'Ng] cfsfzrfL . gf) @= cfsfzdfu{df lxF8\g] kIfL, b]jtf, uGwj{ cflb .
#= afbn . $= jfo' . gef] gf) [;+) ge;\sf] ;df;ut k] ge . dl0f gf) cfsfzdf dl0fem}F
ePsf] rxlsnf] gIfq ;"o{ . ~ d08n gf) cfsfzd08n . do lj) z"Go ePsf] (cj:yf) z"Godo Ps
d z"Go . gdM gf) [;+)] != cfbsf] efj a'emfpg k|of]u ulg] jf elgg] zAb gd:sf k|0ffd .
= Tofu ug]{ sfd 5f]8\g]

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65

gDa'gd ;
\Vofo'Qm . @= pRr sf]l6sf] c;n bhf{sf] pDbf ljlzi6 . gf) #= gDaL gf]6 . ~ gf
f) ;o ?lkofFsf] gf]6 . ~ kl08t gf) ;sfL lkml:tdf blPsf] efu kfpg] ljlzi6 kl08t klxn]k
xn] ljlzi6 kl08txnfO{ ;sfaf6 lbOg] OHht jf dfg . ~ ;'g gf) 5fk nfu]sf] c;n bhf{sf] ;
'g pDbf ;'g . gDa' gf) [ef]) a)] ef]6] hfltn] nufpg] bf}fh:tf] n'uf . gDo lj) [;+)]
gd:sf ug{ of]Uo . gd| lj)[ ;+)] != lgx's ] f] g'xs ] f] ljgLt . @= gd :jefjsf] cfgf
a'l4, ;DklQ cflbdf 3dG8 gug]{ lzi6 ljgd| . tf gf) gd| x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . go gf)
[;+)] !=sg} j:t' jf sg} sf n}hfg] sfd . @= g]t[Tj ug]{ sfd . #= gLlt . $= ljgo gd|tf
. %= l;4fGt . ^= fhgLlt . &= Gofo . rIf' lj) b"bzL{ gLlt1 . 1 lj) gLlt1 . gog gf
)] != cfFvf nf]rg g]q . @= n}hfg] sfd . #= g]tT [ j ug]{ sfd . ~ uf]r lj) cfFvfn] b]
Vg ;lsg] b[li6kysf] cfFvfclulNtsf] . ~ hn gf) cfFvfaf6 lgSng] kfgL g]qf> ' cfF;' . ~
6 gf) cfFvfsf] 9sgL kns . ~ ky gf) Ps b[li6 nufpFbf b]Vg ;lsg] 7fpF cfFvfsf] cufl8sf
] 7fpF b[li6ky . k'6 gf) != cfFvfsf] u]8L . @= cfFvfsf] ux . > gogf gf) cfFvfsf] k'
tnL cfFvfsf] gfgL . gogflefd lj) != x]bf{ fd|f] b]lvg] cfFvfnfO{ cfgGb lbg] Hofb} ;'G
gf]x . gf) @= rGb|df . gogf]T;j gf) !=cfFvfnfO{ cfglGbt kfg]{ j:t' ;'Gb j:t' . @= aQ
L . gogf]kfGt gf) cfFvfsf] sg' sf]; . goljb\ lj) [;+)] != gLltzf:q jf gLlt;DaGwL sfsf
1ftf gLlt1 . @= lgodsfg'gsf] 1ftf lgodsfg'g hfGg] Gofozf:qsf] 1ftf . gozf:q gf) [;+
)] != gLltlgodsf sf ePsf] zf:q gLltzf:q . @= P]gsfg'g, ljlwljwfg;DaGwL zf:q Gofozf:q
. gof lj) [;+) gj] != xfn;fn} dfq b]vf k]sf] ev{} dfq Jojxfdf cfPsf] g"tg gjLg gf
@= ev{} hGd]sf] ev{}sf] xfn}sf] . #= ev{} vf]lhPsf] ev{} kQf nfu]sf] . $= sg} sfd e
Sg nfu]sf] sfdsf] cg'ej gePsf] l;sf? cg'ejxLg sf]f . ~ hgjfb gf) ;j{xff qmflGtsf qmd
k'FhLjfbL ;+:s[lt, cy{gLlt cflbnfO{ ;dfhjfbdf kljlt{t ug{ NofOPsf] gofF fhgLlts Jo
j:yf . ~ kft gf) != ev{} knfPsf] kft kfn'jf d'gf . @= slnnf] cj:yf gofF l5dn . g gf)
+)] != dfgjhflt dfgj dg'io dflg; . @= k'?if hfltsf] k|f0fL efn] hflt db{ hLj k'?if .
= lji0f'sf
668

rf}aL; cjtfdWo] Ps . $= l9d|Lsf] leqkl k]r sf6\g] xltof . lj) %= k'?if hfltsf] (k|f
0fL) efn] -gjfg, gxl0f, gd}gf O)_ . gs gf) [;+) ] != wfld{ s l;4fGtcg' ; f kfkL jf
O{ d]kl5 ;hfo lbOg] 7fpF gs{ . @= b'Mv;fy hLjgofkg ug'k { g]{ 7fpF kL8f jf si6 x'g]
7fpF . #= lji7f dn . ~ s'08 gf) kfkLxnfO{ oftgf lbOg] gssf] Ps { L gf) sflt{s s[i0f
vfN6f] cToGt} kmf]xf] 7fpF . ~ rt'bz rt'b{zL . > gsf;' gf) kf}fl0fs syfcg';f k[YjLsf
s 5f]f] . gs]z/L gf) [;+)] != l;+xh:t} k/fqmdL k'?if >]i7 JolQm . @= g[l;+x . gv6 gf)
cfxfljxf cflbdf ulg] z
\sfpkz\sf gf6Ls6L gfslgs . > gv6] lj) gv6 ug]{ gf6Ls6L
j gf) [;+)] fhf g[k . ggftf gf) [g gftf] gftf g;gftf . ggfy gf) [;+)] g]z gb]j
] != s[i0fsf ;fyL ch{g gffo0fsf cjtf dflgPsf s[i0f s[i0f ch{g . @= lji0fsf cjtf
flgPsf g gf/fo0f gfds bO{ Clif lji0fsf rf}aL; cjtfdWo] Ps . ggfL gf) [;+)] != nf]
dfG5] cfOdfO{ :qLk?if . @= ch{gsL :qL b|f}kbL . gklt gf) [;+)] fhf gb]j . gkz
kzsf] h:tf] :jefj jf u0f ePsf] dflg; dflg; eP klg kz eGg ;xfpg] JolQm . gkfn gf
) [;+)] cfgf] fHosf dflg;sf] kfng ug]{ fhf . glkzfr gf) [;+)] lkzfrsf] h:tf] :jefj eP
sf] dflg; k}zflrs k|j[lQsf] dflg; bi6 dflg; b[i6 JolQm bh{g . gk gf) [;+)] gnf]
nf]s . galn gf) [;+)] dflg;nfO{ sf6] lbOg] aln dflg;sf] aln . geIfL lj) [;+)] != dflg
nfO{ vfg] gdf+;ef]hL . gf) @= fIf; . gd lj) [;+) gd|] dnfod sdnf] gd| . sd gf)
g jf sg} j:tsf] efuaG8f ubf{ fd|f]gfd|f], c;nsd;n ldnfpg] sfd . lj) @= fd|f]gfd|f] c
n sd;n . ~ rfgf gf) xf8 gePsf] (ljz]if uL aFb]n ;u F  sf]) kmn df; . ~ t]n gf) 3
pvl6f ;sk ] l5 nufOg] dndh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] t]n . kg gf) gd xgfsf] efj gdkgf sf]dn
|fOF .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
669

gdfnfgd{;x b [\ tf8sf hftsf] Ps v ToxL vsf] kmn . ~ sljtf gf) aflxaf6 x]bf{ lgs} uf
] dl:snn] ag ;lsg] lsl;dsf] t alem;s]kl5 ;; sljtf . g?jf gf)x]) gnjf . g]Gb| gf
;+)] != fhf g[k g]z . @= ;k{, laR5L cflb ljiffn k|f0fLn] 6f]Qmf zLdf k}mlnPsf] ljif
mfg]{ JolQm ljifj}B . b]j gf) cf7f}F ztfAbLdf g]kfndf zf;g ug]{ lnR5ljj+zsf Ps fhf
. g]zg]Zj gf) [;+)] fhf g[k . gf]Qd gf) [;+)] != pQd dflg; > ]i7 JolQm . @= lji0f
)x]) g/s . gs{6 gf) [;+) g8] nfdfnfdf kft xg], rfF8} xnSs a9] cfpg], 5]sfaf cflbsf
kdf k|of]u ulg] lgufnfsf hftsf] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 . gs] { lj) [gs{ P] gs{sf] gs{;DaGwL
~rtbz { L gf) x]) gsrtb{zL . gt{s gf) [;+)] != gfRg] k];f ePsf] JolQm g6 g6jf gr
. @= gf6s cflbdf efu lng] JolQm cleg]tf . #= lzj . > gt{sL gf) != gfRg] k];f ePsL
:qL g6L g6jL . @= gf6ssL kfqf cleg]qL . gt{g gf) [;+)] g[To ug]{ sfd gfRg] sfd gfr
o . zfnf gf) g[Tozfnf gfr3 . glt{t lj) [;+)] !=grfOPsf] . @= gflr;s]sf] gfr]sf] . gd
gf) [;+)] != dgf]ljgf]bsf nflu lhl:sg] jf lh:Sofpg] sfd xfF;v]n ljgf]b klxf; . @= Oi
6hgnfO{ cfk"mlt emsfpg] rfto{ 7f . #= ;+:s[t gf6sdf jl0f{t rf j[lQdWo]sf] s}lzsL j
[lQsf] Ps c\u . ue{ gf) gfossf] uKt Jojxfsf] j0f{g ePsf], s}lzsL j[lQsf] Ps c\u .
lj) != lbNnuL ug]{ xF;fpg] . gf) @= 76f}nL JolQm ljb"ifs . gd{bf gf) [;+)] != lxGb"xs
f kljq dflgPsf k|l;4 ;ft gbLxdWo] Ps eftsf] dWok|bz ] df kg]{ Ps gbL . @= cfgGb lbg
] (:qL) . > gd{bZ ] j gf) gd{bf gbLdf kfOg] lzjln\u . gd{Bl  t gf) [;+)] bf]if bafp
g] xf:o ePsf], k|ltdv ;lGwsf] Ps e]b . gd{n lj) [c\)] != lgoldt ;fdfGo . @= k|jl]
zsf pQL0f{ gu]sfxnfO{ lbOg] k|flDes lzIf0f;DaGwL (tflnd) . ~ :sn gf) :jb]zL efiffsf
lzIfsxnfO{ lzIf0fsnf l;sfpg] ljBfno . gd{;lrj gf) [;+)] fhfdxffhfnfO{ xF;fpg tyf dg
k|;Gg fVg ;fydf xg] 76f}nf] JolQm ljb"ifs . gd{;x b [ \ gf) [;+)] kfgf] ;dodf fhf
dgf]ljgf]bsf lgldQ

gdfnf gf) [;+)] dflg;sf vKksf] dfnf d08dfnf . gdL gf) [gd O{] gdkg gd|tf . gd]w
dflg;nfO{ sf6] xf]ldg] o1 dflg;sf] aln lbP ulg] o1 . @= 7"nf] hg;+xf xg] o4 . goGq
f) [;+)] w"k38L . gofg gf) [;+)] != dflg;n] af]Sg] jf tfGg] ;jfL (8f]nL, kfnsL, lS;f
cflb) . @= gjfxg . gnf]s gf) [;+)] != dflg;x a;]sf] nf]s dgionf]s ;+;f . @= dflg;x
;d"x hg;dbfo . gjfg gf) [;+)] g[tjzf:qsf cg;f dfgj jfg g5lPsf], dfgjh:tf] b]lv
dLe"t dfgjfgu0fdf kg]{ k|f0fL . ~ dfgju0f gf) dfgjh:tf] b]lvg] jfgsf] ;d"x jgdfG5]
eLdjfgu0fsf] ;d"x ckR5 VoftrtisdWo] tLg . ~ dfgjfgu0f gf) dfgj dfgjh:tf] b]lvg]
jfgsf] ;fd"lxs gfd g[tjzf:qdf cfpg] lj:tL0f{gf;, ;\sL0f{gf;, ;kR5, ckR5, kR5slk c
gu0f ckR5Voftrtis, dfgjfgu0f zfvfjfgfgu0f gjfgu0fh:tf gjfg . gjfxg gf) [;+)
lwi7ftf b]jtf sa] . @= gofg . gjL gf) [;+)] dfG5]xdWo] jL axfb dfG5] jL k?if
f) [;+)] >]i7 k?if gs]zL . gl;+x gf) [;+)] != l;Fxh:t} kfqmdL k?if >]i7 k?if . @=
i0fsf bz cjtfdWo] Ps g[l;+x . ~ 6\jfs 7/f{ S;L . gl;\uf gf) [;+) gb{ z[u \ ] sgf{
s] ahfOg] tyf 7"nf] tLvf] :j xg], jqmfsfsf] kfgf] g]kfnL afhf wQ L. gxTof gf) [
dflg;nfO{ dfg]{ sfd dflg;sf] xTof . gxl gf) [;+)] gl;+x g[l;+x . gfO gf) [ gf\ (
jf gflg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] gfOg s)lqm) gfg{ nfOg . ~ gfpg k|) ] lqm) g
fg{ nfpg . gfwd gf) [;+)] gLr :jefjsf] dfG5] cwd vfnsf] dfG5] . gflwkgflwklt gf) [;
gklt fhf . gfnf] lj) [gf cfnf]] afnLsf] vafnL ug]{ . gl/rf] gf) [;+) gfLs] 5]pdf
bfFth:tf nfDrf kft xg], kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg], /fdtf]l/ofFsf cfsf/sf sf];f kmNg]
/ af]qmfaf6 sfut agfOg], cfoj]{bdf clUgjw{s / ?lrsf/s u0f atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] ;
fgf] af]6 . gljn gf) [;+) gfljn] vhsf] h:tf] cUnf] af]6 xg], 6Kkfdf kk;Dd k}mlnPsf
7"n7"nf kft xg,] kx]n F f, nfDrf nfDrf k"mn kmNg] 7"nf] bfgfsf] kdf h6foQm kmn
nfUg]

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

gd{:kmf]6gjkfiff0f ;fy;fy xg] JolQm xF;fpg] JolQm 76f}nf] JolQm gd{;lrj ljb"ifs . gd
mf]6 gf) [;+)] clncln k|sfz ulPsf efjaf6 z[u \ fsf] yf]} ;"rgf ;+:s[t gf6sdf jl0f{t r
j[lQdWo] s}lzsL j[lQsf] c\uljz]if . g;{ gf) [c\)] != f]uLsf] :ofxf;;f ug]{ sfddf k|l
lIft c:ktfndf To;} sfdsf nflu lgoQm :qL f]uLsf] ;;f] pkrflsf klrflsf . @= csf{s
Rrfsf] x]rfx ug]{ cfOdfO{ wfO{ . g;{/L gf) [c\)] != ;;fgf afnaflnsfxnfO{ v]nfpg] l;sf
g] wfO{, lzlIfsf cflb ePsf] 3/ jf sf]7f afnsIf . @= la?jfx xsf{pg] 7fpF . gl;{ gf)
gl;+x gl;\uf . ~ 6\jfs gf) S;L dlbf (nfIfl0fs cy{df) . ~ ljif gf) dfG5]nfO{ dfg]{
xn ljif . gn gf) [;+)] != cgfh 5fOPsf] wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] xlof] af]6 . @= gs{6 . #
= gnL 9\u|f] . $= sdnsf] 8fF7 . %= snf] 9n . ^= kf0fk|l;4 lgifw b]zsf fhf . &= fds
]gfsf] Ps jfg . *= k]6leqsf] lk;fa lg:sg] gnL . (= k?if]lGb|o ln\u . s"k gf) gnL ly
r] kfgL lgsflng] sjf jf wff . kmn gf) k?ifsf] c08sf]if;lxtsf] ln\u ln\usf] k]mbdf
G8Psf] kmn jf c08sf]if . > glnsf gf) != ;fgf], kftnf] gnL emLgf] gnL . @= dxf\uL a6
L . glngL gf) [;+)] != sdlngL . @= w]} sdn kmn]sf] tnfp sdnkf]vL . gnL gf) [;+) gn]
!= wft, df6f] cflbsf] kfgL Nofpg] jf k7fpg] 8F8 kfOk . @= kftnf] 9\u|f] . #= x
Ssfsf] wjfF tfGg] vKtL, lgufnf], ;lt;fn cflbsf] nfdf] 9\u|f] . v ] lj) emLgf] vf
ePsf] ;nLv] ;OFv] . vf] gf) vfsf] 3F8fb]lv uf]nLufF7f;Ddsf] cjoj . xf8 g
f] xf8 . gnsf] gf) sjLsf cfsfsf] kft xg] kftdf ltnh:tf] yf]Knf k]sf], cfoj]{bdf z
[9 fVg], kmnfd kufNg] kff]nfO{ a4 ufpg] u0f atfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] h\unL emf . gnjf
[;+) gn pjf] wfg, sf]bf] cflb cGgsf] xlof] af]6 gn g?jf . gN7f] gf) gnLvL . gj lj) [
] != gofF, gf}nf] g"tg . gf) @= cf7 Pssf] of]u;\Vof gf} . ~ cl:6f]6njfb gf) aL;f}F z
fAbLsf] t] ; | f ] bzsdf cd] l sfsf] l;sfuf] ljZjljBfnosf ljfg\xaf6 k|ltkflbt sg} kl
g l;4fGt lgbf]i { f gxg] ;a} l;4fGtdf s]xL g s]xL u0f xg] ePsfn] ljleGg
670

;dfnf]rgfTds dfGotfaf6 pkof]uL sf lngk5{ eGg], Pp6}df eGbf ljleGg ;dfnf]rgfTds k4

ltdf ljZjf; fVg] dfGotf . ~ pklgj]zjfb gf) zlQmzfnL ;fgf b]zdfly ;f]em} sAhf gu] ltg
sf] ;DklQ;|f]tdfly sAhf hdfO{ cfly{s zf]if0f ug]{ ck|ToIf kdf cfgf] x}sddf fVg] fhgL
lts k|lqmof . ~ pklgj]zjfbL lj) gjpklgj]zjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] gjpklgj]zjfbsf] cgofoL
. ~ sNk gf) ljleGg sNkxdWo] cfheGbf ^ sf]8 jif{klxn] ;? ePsf], :tgkfoL hLj dgiosf
] ;[li6 cfDe xg yfn]sf] sNk jf ou . ~ sdfL gf) gjfqdf k"hf ulg] gf} sdfL (sdfls
lt{, sNof0fL, f]lx0fL, sfnL, rl08sf, zfDejL, buf{ ;eb|f) . ~ v08 gf) kf0fdf j0f{
g ulPsf ef}uf]lns ljefhgsf gf} v08 (eft, Onfj[Q, lsDk?if, eb|, s]tdfn, xl, lx0o, Do
sz) . ~ u|x gf) k"jL{o Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f zefze kmnsf bftf dflgPsf gf} u|x (;"o{,
rGb|, d\un, aw, a[x:klt, zqm, zlg, fx s]t)  klZrdL Hof]ltifLxn] kQf nufPcg;f ;
o,{ rGb|, d\un, aw, a[x:klt, zqm zlg, c?0f (o]g;) j?0f (g]Krg) . ~ l5b| gf) k|f0
fLsf zLdf xg] bO{ cfFvf, bO{ sfg, gfssf bO{ Kjfn, dv, ubf ln\u jf of]lg gf}j6f
. ~ hft lj) ev{ hGd]sf] gjf]TkGg . ~ hfts gf) hGdb]lv ;QfO; lbg;Ddsf] afns . ~ hLjs g
f) e"ue{zf:qsf cg;f hLjsf] cl:tTj ePsf] t];f| ] ljefhg . ~ buf{ gf) gjfqdf k"hf u
lg] buf{b]jLsf buf{sjr df jl0f{t gf} k (z}nkqL, a|Xdrfl0fL, rGb|306f, sidf08f, :sG
dftf, sfTofogL, sfnflq, dxfuf}L l;l4bfqL) . ~ f gf) gjl5b| . gjwf lqm)lj) [;+)] !=
lsl;dn], gf} k|sfn] . @= gf} efudf gf} lx:;fdf gf} v08df . gjwft gf) [;+)] ;g, rf
FbL, kmnfd, l;;f, tfdf, fFu, kff], sfF;f] rDas oL gf} k|sfsf wft . gjwfelQm gf) [;
)] kf0fdf jl0f{t gf} lsl;dn] ulg] jf gf} k|sfsf elQm >j0f, sLt{g, :d0f, kfb;]jg, cr{
g, jGbg, bf:o, ;Vo cfTdlgj]bg gjelQm . gjlglw gf) [ ;+)] kB, dxfkB, z\v ds sR5k, d
b, sGb, gLn va{ gfd u]sf, sa]sf gf}j6f 9s6L . gjgLgjgLt gf) [;+)] bxL jf b"w dy]
sf] ;f sfFrf] jf gvf]sf] l3p tfhf dSvg gf}gL . gjklqsf gf) [;+)] b;}Fdf k"mnkftLsf lb
leofOg] s]f, bfld, wfg, xn]bf], dfg], sr{, a]n, czf]s hoGtL gf} k|sfsf af]6sf kft
gjkfiff0f gf) [;+)] k|fu}ltxfl;s kftjsf cg;f wftou  k|fDe xgeGbf klxn] dWokfi
f0f oueGbf kl5 k|of]u

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
671

gj k|;"tfgjf]9f k]jfb]lv gjdL;Ddsf jf;GtL buf{ k"hfsf gf} lbg . gjnkf;L gf) g]kfn c
lwfHosf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{, leqL dw]; tfO{;d]t ePsf], nlDagL c~rnsf] Ps
lhNnf . gj jw" gf) [;+)] ev{} lax] uL NofPsL :qL gjljjflxtf :qL gofF bnxL . gj jif{
gf) [;+)] != gofF jif{ ;? xg] lbg ;+jt\ k]mlg] lbg ljqmd ;+jt\cg;f j}zfv Ps ut]sf
] lbg O:jL ;g\sf cg;f hgjL Ps tflvsf] lbg . @= gofF jif{ . gj zlQm gf) [;+)] k|ef, d
fof, hfof, ;"Idf, ljz4f, glGbgL, ;k|ef, ljhof ;j{l;l4bf gfds gf} k|sfsf zlQm .
gj >f4 gf) [;+)] d]sf] P3ff}F lbgdf ulg] >f4sd{ . gj ;\ud gf) [;+)] != gofF ldng . @=
bnxfbnxLsf] klxnf] ldng gofF kltkTgLsf aLrdf ePsf] k|yd ;dfud . gjfgjf
lj) [gjcfFc
b'gf]6 k9\bf gf} u'gf a'emfpg elgg] zAb gf}u'gf gf} bf]a (pbf) gf} gjf
Psf;L cflb) .
gjfGg gf) [;+)] v]tafLaf6 ev{} 3df leofOPsf] cGg gofF cGg . gjfkm gf) [gjfa] != sg}
] sf] zf;gJoj:yfsf lglDt lgo'Qm ulPsf] d'un afbzfxsf] k|ltlglw gafkm . @= wgL d';
ndfgxnfO{ c
\uh ]| ;sfaf6 ldNg] u]sf] Ps lvtfa . #= wgjfg\ JolQm . $= afa";fx]a 7fn' .
lj) %= jfkmsf ;fy a:g] 7fF6afF6l;t xg] . > gjfkmL gf) != gjfkmsf] kb jf sfd gjfkmsf]
h:tf] e8\lsnf] xg;xg cldL rfn gafkmL . lj) @= gjfkmsf] gafkm;Fu ;DalGwt . gjf lj) [;
gjt] != gofF tfhf . @=hjfg t?gf] . gjfZdo'u gf) [;+)] e"ue{zf:qsf cg';f xhf jif{klxn]
k|fDe eO{ cfh;Dd rNb} cfPsf] o'u cfw'lgs o'u jf cfw'lgs dfgjo'u gjhLjsleq kg]{ rty{
v08sf] clGtd efusf] ou . gjfx gf) [;+)] != gf} lbg . @= gf} lbgdf ;dfKt xg] fdf
o0f b]jLefujt cflbsf] kffo0f . gjLs0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tnfO{ gofF agfpg] sfd . @=
cjlw l;l4;s]sf] sg} sfdsfnfO{ j}w kaf6 k]ml nfu" ug]{ sfd . #= cjlw ;lsPsf df]6, aGb
7]Ssfkf cflbsf OhfhtkqnfO{ k]ml ;do yKg] sfd . $= gjLgLs0f . gjLs[t lj) [;+)] gofF
ulPsf] gofF agfOPsf] g"tg . gjLg lj) [;+)] ev{s } f] xfn;fn}sf] gofF gf}nf] g"tg .
f gf) [;+)] gjLs0f . gjf]9f gf) [;+)] != gjjw" . @= nHhf jf eon] oQm gjljjflxtf :q
L . #= of}jg r9]sL t nHhf jf eon] ubf{ gfossf glhs ghfg] dUwf :qL jf gflosf .

ulPsf 9\ufsf xltof jf ;fdfg . ~ ou gf) To:tf] xltof k|of]u ug]{ rng ePsf] ou jf ;d
o . gj k|;t " f lj) [;+)] ev{} aRrf hGdfPsL ev{} ;Ts]L ePsL cfnL ;Ts]L . gj elQm
;+)] x]) gjwfelQm . gjd lj) [;+)] u0fgf ubf{ gf}sf] ;\Vofdf k]sf] uGtLdf gjf}F . gjd
lNnsf gf) [;+)] != rd]nLsf] k"mn . @= gjdflnsf . gj dfgjjfb gf) [;+)] != dfG5]sf k
|fs[lts, ;xh / lgDg k|jl[ QnfO{ eGbf cfGtls ;\sNk, cfTd;+odh:tf pRrtd k|jl[ QnfO{
dxj lbg] oL bO{ k|jl[ Qsf Gdf pRrtd k|j[lQsf] dxj k|ltkflbt xgk5{ eGg] ;flxlTos d
fGotf . > gj dfgjjfbL lj) gjdfgjjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] gjdfgjjfbsf] cggfoL . gjdflnsf gf
) [;+)] != rd]nLsf hftsf] Ps k"mn gjdlNnsf . @= gu0f, hu0f, eu0f ou0f ePsf] Ps 5G
b . gjdL gf) [;+)] rGb|df;cg;f zSn tyf s[i0f bj} kIfsf] gjf}F ltly ci6dLkl5sf] b
zdL klxn]sf] ltly . gj ojs gf) [;+)] ev{ ojf cj:yfdf k|jz ] u]sf] k?if ev{ hjfg eP
sf] nf]Ug]dfG5] gf}hjfg . gj ojtL gf) [;+)] ev{}sL t?gL ojtL :qL . gj ojfh gf) [;+
] fhfsf pQflwsfLsf kdf ev{} 3f]lift JolQm gofF ojfh gjojfhflwfh . gj ojf1L g
jfhsL kTgL ojfgL . gj ojf gf) [;+)] gjojs gf}hjfg . gj of}jg gf) [;+)] ev{ ;? eP
of}jg ev{ r9]sf] hjfgL gofF a}F; . > gj of}jgf gf) ev{ ojf cj:yfdf k|j]z u]sL :qL
L cfOdfO{ gjojtL . gj Tg gf) [;+)] != gf} k|sfsf Tg df]tL, kGgf, dfl0fs, uf]d]b, xL
duf, ;g, kBfu gL . @= ljqmdflbTosf ;efsf gf}hgf kl08t wGjGtL, Ifk0fs, cdl;+x, z\s
tfne, 36vk{, sflnbf;, afxldlx j?lr . #= csasf bafsf gf} k|l;4 JolQm eujfg\bf;, d
}mhL, can kmHn, cAb{xLd vfgvfgf, 6f]8dn, cAbn sflb\ abfogL, jLan tfg;]g . gj ;
[;+)] != ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qdf jl0f{t ;flxTok|l;4 gf} ; (z[u \ f, jL, s?0f, xf:o, f}b
| eofgs, jLeT;, cb\et zfGt) . @= Ps k|l;4 cfoj]{lbs ;flb cf}ifwL . gj fqgj flqgj
gf) [;+)] gjbuf{sf] ljz]if j|t, k"hf, pT;j cflbsf ;fy dgfOg], cflZjg zSn k]jfb]
lv gjdL;Ddsf zfbLo buf{ k"hfsf gf} lbg r}q zSn

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

gjf]lbtgf gjf]lbt lj) [;+)] != ev{ pbfPsf] gofF pbfPsf] . @= ev{ dfly p7]sf] . #=ev{
Gglt k|ult u]sf] . gjf]bLodfg lj) [;+)] != ev{ pbfpg nfu]sf] gofF pbfpg nfu]sf] . @=
ev{ pGgltk|ult ug{ nfu]sf] . gJo lj) [;+)] != gjLg gofF tfhf . @= s;}sf ;fd gdg ug{
plrt :tTo k|z: + o . tf gf) gJo jf gofF xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . ~ Gofo gf) !=Gofoj}
]lifs zf:qdf gjLg b[li6n] ljrf ubf{ lg:s]sf] lgisif{sf cfwfdf k|rlnt Gofozf:qsf] k
lkf6L . @= u\uz ] f]kfWofosf] tjlrGtfdl0f gfds u|Gyaf6 k|fDe ulPsf] Gofosf] gofF nIf
4lt . gzf gf) [c)] != vfPkl5 dflg;df dfgl;s c;Gtng k}bf ug]{ kbfy{ dfbs kbfy{ nfu"
j:t cDdn . @= fd|f]gfd|f] h:tf];s} eP klg sg} sfddf tNnLgtf;fy nfUg] dfgl;s k|jl[
Q . #= nfu" kbfy{n] xf]; lau|s ] f] cj:yf . $=cDdn nt . %= 3dG8 cledfg . bf lj) gzf
n] oQm ePsf] gzf nfUg] . aGbL gf) S;L cflb gzfn kbfy{sf] ;]jgnfO{ f]Sg] sfd dBkfgs
] lgif]w . afh lj) S;L cflb gzfn kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ gzf vfg] cDdnL gz]afh . > gzfn l
gzf k}bf ug]{ dfgl;s c;Gtng k}bf ug]{ . gz]afh lj) S;L cflb dfbs kbfy{ vfg] nt a;]
sf] dfbs kbfy{ w]} vfg] cDdnL . gZj lj) [;+)] != :yfloTj gePsf] w]} gl6Sg] rfF8} gi
] If0fe\u . @= gfz xg] gfzjfg\ . tf gf) gfz xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf If0fe\u  tf
f . gi6 lj) [;+)] != gfz ePsf] aafb ePsf] lau|s ] f] Wj:t . @=gb]lvg] ePsf] xfPsf]
. #= lgikmn Joy{ . ~ rGb| gf) efb| dlxgfsf bj} kIfsf flqdf cze xg] 7fgL x]g{ lgi
f]w ulPsf rtyL{sf rGb|df . ~ lrQ lj) != ljj]s gi6 ePsf] . @= dbn] pGdQ axnf . ~ r
]tg lj) != r]tgfzlQm gi6 ePsf] xf]; gePsf] lar]t a]xf]; . @= d"R5f{ k]sf] d"lR5{t .
gf) gi6 xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ b[li6 lj) cfFvf aGb ePsf] cGwf] . ~ gL8 lj) uF8 e
Ts]sf] xg] 7fpF gePsf] lgf>o . ~ k|e lj) sflGtlxt t]hxLg xtk|e . ~ al4 lj) al4 x
4xLg d"v{ . ~ e|i6 lj) lansn gfz ePsf] etfeu \ eO;s]sf] lau|]eTs]sf] k"0f{tof Wj:t
gi6f gf) != j]Zof G8L . @= Jolerfl0fL . gi6fTdf lj) != cfTdf gi6 ePsf] . @= ;fx|} gLr
cwd . gi6]lGb|o lj) OlGb|o gi6 jf lzlyn ePsf] . g;! gf) [;+) g:t] cDdn jf cf}ifwLs
f kdf gfsleq xflng] ;uGwL r"0f{ gfsleq xflng] ;tL{sf] w"nf] . g;@ gf) [;+) g:o] b
lng c8fpgfsf lglDt ufx|f]df t];f]{ kf] xflng] sf7 .
672

g;# gf) g;f] . R5]bg gf) kljf lgof]hgsf] p2]Zok"lt{sf nflu :qLhfltdf ue{ gxg] agfpg
olqmofff k?ifxsf] zqmjflxgL gnL 5]bg ug]{ sfd g;aGbL (Eof;]S6f]dL) . gftf gf) hGd
f ljjfx cflbaf6 ePsf] ;DaGw gftfs6Da gftfkftf . aGbL gf) g;R5]bg . g;n gf)x]) g:n .
g;fjf]wg gf) != wdgL jf lzfdf cfsl:ds cjf]w jf afwf xg] k|lqmof . @= g;fdf cjf]w k}b
f xgfn] Qm;~rf aGb xg] k|lqmof . gl;kgl;a gf) [c) g;La] ;v jf bMvsf] efuL ufpg] k
"jl{ glZrt b}jL ljwfg efUo lgolt k|fAw lgl;k ls:dt . gl;otgl;xt gf) [c) g;Lxt] != s
gxg] sg} sfdsf u]df jf sg} sfd lauf]df cfOGbf o;f] gug"{ egL lbOg] r]tfjgL . @= xKsL
KsL . g;L lj) [g;] O{] Vofp6L bAnL . g;f] gf) [;+) :gfo] != zLsf c\uk|To\udf Qm;~
g] tGt QmjflxgL gf8L . @= zLsf df+;k];LxnfO{ hf]8\g] tGt . #= ;fukftxdf lkmFlhP x
t . g:ts gf) [;+)] kzxsf] gfy|fdf wftsf] dGb|f nufpg kflg] Kjfn . g:t gf) [kmf) g
Zt] != cn] ;Os F f] gkfpg] lsl;dn] ulg] sfdsf] uf]Ko kdf ulg] sfo{ uKt Jojxf .
. #= lrkmf ug]{ ;fgf] rSs . g:tf gf) [;+)] gfy|Ldf kflPsf] Kjfn . g:n gf) [c) gZn] ;
tlt j+z hflt g;n . ~ ;wf gf) sg} k|f0fLljz]ifsf] ;Gtlt jf j+znfO{ ;wfg]{ sfd . gx!
[;+) gjn] ev{} kmn]sf] (v) hf]Tg] a]nf ePsf] (uf]?) . gx@ gf) [;+) :gfon] ufO{a:t
sf 9f]8g;faf6 agfOPsf], hQf l;pg] alnof] wfuf] . gx# gf) [k|f) 0fj8 < ;+) gj6] tf
;sf kQLxdWo] gf} kmL ePsf] kQL ulGhkmf cflbsf] kQL . gx$ gf) [kmf) gx] l;FrfO, hnky
jf bj} sfdsf lglDt agfOPsf], gbLh:tf] kfgLsf] ;|f]t 7"nf] snf] . ~ clws[t gf) gx, k
} g L cflbsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg vl6Psf] fhkqf\lst sd{rfL gxsf] ]vb]v ug]{ clwsfL . ~ of]
gf) gx jf afFwk}gL;DaGwL sfo{sf] of]hgf . ~ ljefu gf) gx;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ljefu . gxgL
gf) [;+) gv x0fL] g sf6\gsf nflu gfpmxff k|of]u ulg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;fgf] xltof g sf6
. gf! lj) af]) [;+)] lgif]w jf c:jLs[lt;"rs zAb g, gflxF, gfOF -sg} eflifsfdf dfq ;
Lldt, h:t}gf, d of] s]

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
673

gfgfsL f}F e]8fsf cfGb|fn] agfOPsf] uf]7fn] afhf . gfp;fL gf) [;+) gfd;fL] sg} Ps
yL JolQmsf gfddf ePsf] sfutkqnfO{ csf]{ jf csf{ yL JolQmsf gfddf ;fg]{ jf n]Vg] sf
d gfd;fL . gfp gf) [;+) gf}] 8'
\uf . ] v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] gfpa'8L gf) [gfsa'8L] kfgLl
eq 8'a kf}8L kfgLleq 8'aN ' sL df] v]lng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n 8'aN ' sL gfsa'8L . gfpDd]b
[kmf)] sg} cfzfef];f gePsf] sg} pT;fx gePsf] lgfz xtf]T;fx . > gfpDd]bL gf) cfzf,
gePsf] l:ylt pT;fxxLgtf lgfzf . gfpgfp? gf) [gfx'] ;]tf]
sf] ofk'Nn] e]8f]h:t} em
km6 cUnf], lxdfnsf] aLr efudf kfOg] h
\unL e]8f] . gfp gf) [;+) gflkt] skfn, bfx|L
h'Fuf vf}g] xft uf]8fsf g
;d]t sf6\g] k];f ePsf] Ps hft xhfd gflkt . gfs! gf) [;+) gf
 xfQL] g]kfnsf] pQL kxf8L efudf kfOg] ofssf] kf]yL kf]yL ofs . gfs@ gf) [;+) gfl;sf
] != ;f; k]mg]{ ;' F g] sfd ug]{ b'O6f Kjfn ePsf] cf]7dflysf] cjoj gfl;sf 3|f0f]lGb
|o . @= OHht k|lti7f dfg dof{bf . #= rf cflbssf] r'Rrf] . ~ sfg gf) != zLsf ;'Fg]
cjoj gfs sfg . @= gfs sfg sf6] k'fgf] hdfgfdf lbOg] Ps k|sfsf] ;hfo . #= OHht k|l
f . sf] rfn gf) guL gx'g] l:ylt afWotf . sf] ] gf) != wlgofFsf h:tf sgfsgf k]sf
n F f k"mn e'ml;nf uf]n kmn x'g,] vfFbf gfsdf lkf] fu cfpg], cfo'j]{bdf ud, ?lrs cl
gj4{s dflgPsf] Ps hftsf] e'Oe F mf . @= efn' cflb hGt'n] lryf] ] gfs laufllbPsf] Jol
Qm efn'sf]] . 8'aLa'8L gf) gfpa'8L . gfsf gf) [;+) gu  kxf8] != Pp6} af6f] b'O6f af
f afFl8g] 7fpF b'O{ af6f kmf6\g] 7fpF bf]af6f] d'xfg . @= ;xleq k:g] d'Vo 7fpF cfpFbf
fFbf k:g] dVo 7fpF k|jz ] :yfg . #= uf}F8f bf]dxfgL rf}dxfgL . $= k:g] lg:sg] lg
sf; . aGbL gf) dfn;fdfg Nofpg]nfg] dVo af6f] aGb uL cjf]w v8f ulPsf] cj:yf dfu{cj
gflsdf gf) [ef]) a)] k]mb}bl] v 7"nf7"nf kft nfUg], sf];fsf cfsfsf k"mn kmNg] kf
t ufO{a:tnfO{ 3fF; vjfpg k"mn tsfLsf kdf k|l;4 ePsf], kxf8df pd|g] Ps hftsf] af]6
. gfsL gf) [gfs O{] uf]?, fFuf cflb kzsf] gfs 5]8] nufOPsf] 8f]L jf ;TnL, gTyL gfsL
f]L . ~ 8f]L gf) gfsL .

kTofpFyF] _ . gf@ k") ;) [kmf)] lgif]w, lgf]w, ljkLttf cflb aemfpg] Ps pk;u{ -gf;de
m, gfdGhL, gftfut O)_ . gfO lj) af]) [ ;+) glx] lgif]w, c;xdlt, c:jLs[lt, lgf]w cfl
b a'emfpg] zAb cxF gflxF . ~ gfO lj) af]) != x'b F } xf]Og sg} xfntdf klg x'Fb}g dfG
dflGbgF . gf) @= pu| c:jLs[lt :ki6 c:jLsf . (pbf) gfOFgfOF eGbfeGb} u'G8fxn] hjh{:tL
canfsf] OHht n'6) ] . sf gf) gfOFsfg]{ sfd gfOFgfOF c:jLsf gfdGh' . sfg'{ ;) l
jLsf jf gfdGh' ug'{ gfOFgfOF eGg' . @= c;xdlt hgfpg' . ~ gfl:t gf) lgif]w a]dGh'L c:
[lt gfdGh'L . gfOlsgL gf) [gfOs]OgL] != gfOs]sL :qL gOs]gL g}lsgL . @= gfOs] :qL . #=
efG;fsL gfOs] :qL . gfOs] gf) [;+) gfos] != HofdL, v]tfnfxnfO{ sfd nufpg] jf lgb]{
zg lbg] JolQm . @= sg} klg sfdsf] cu'jf gfos . #= sg} bn jf ;d"xsf] k|dv ' JolQm g]t
f . $= ofnvfgfdf cGo s}bLxsf] b]v]v ug]{ sfddf v6fOPsf] s}bL bfO gfOs] . %= bfO gfOs
]eGbf Ps txd'lgsf] s}bL efO gfOs] . gfOs]gL gf)x]) gfOlsgL . gfO6] lj) [gfO6f]P] !=
gfO6f] aflx lg:s]sf] gfO6f] pl5lPsf] 7"nf] gfO6f] ePsf] . @= gfO6f] k|:6 b]lvg] . ~
Hofld gf) r'Rrf] cfsfsf] gfO6f] :ki6} b]lvg] leq k|foM vf]6]qf] ePsf], cldnf] :jfbs
f] sf7] Hofld . gfO6f] gf) [;+) gfle6 > k|f) 0ffle6f] > gflx6f]] != hfo'h k|f0fLsf]
uef{j:yfdf gfn hf]lg], k]6sf] lzz'nfO{ vfB k|bfg ug]{ t hlGdPkl5 eg] sg} vf; pkof]
udf gcfpg] k]6sf dfemsf] vfN6f] . @= dbfgLsf] dYg]ltsf] tNnf] 5]p ;"ob { z{g ufpg'
x'Fb}g eGg] ljZjf;n] dbfgL sf]7faflx nUg'k]df kftn] 5f]k] dfq aflx NofOg] dbfgLsf] ;
f]xL efu . gfO6fh ] g gf) [c
\)] != hldgnfO{ pj{ agfpg afnLgfnL ;kfg{sf nflu v]tafLdf
k|of]u ulg] f;folgs dn (Pdf]lgod ;Nk]m8, o'lof O)) . @= UofF;sf] Ps k|sf . gfOng gf)
[c
\)] ?jf], kf6, pmgafx]s cGo k|fs[lts kbfy{xaf6 s[lqd tlsfn] sk8f cflb tof kfg]{ lj
z]if k|sfsf] kbfy{ jf ;f] kbfy{af6 tof ePsf] dfn . gfp gf) [;+) gfd] gfd . ~ u]sf] lj
gfpF ePsf] gfds . (pbf) ToxfF xl gfpF u]sf] Pp6f s]6f] lyof] ) . ~ g ufpsf] kbf) Ps
ckllrt lansn} glrg]sf] . gfdf;Lgfd];L gf) sg} klg JolQmsf] gfpF, y, jtg cflb gfp
f gfdgfd];L . ~ lg;fg gf) gfd lg;fg lrXg jf klro . ~ dfqsf] lj) vf; pNn]v ug{ nfos ge
sf] gu0o . gfplo gf) [gfx'OoF] dfln
\uf], lgufnf], 3f]8fsf k'R5sf

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65

gfs'nLgfulstf gfs'nL gf) [;+)] tLgtLgj6f nfDrf, ;fgf kft Ps} ;fy nfUg], cfo'j]{bdf
ud zfGt ug]{, lqbf]ifgfzs ljif zdg ug]{ u'0f atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] a'6L . gfs] lj) [g
fsP] != nfdf] jf 7"nf] gfs x'g] . @= ;fwf0f Wjlg klg gfsaf6 lgsfn] af]Ng] (dfG5]) .
#= ;'ufsf] h:tf] nfdf] gfs ePsf] ;'ufgfs] . $= gfs;DaGwL gfssf] (pbf) gfs] :j gfs] a
f]nL) . %= cg'gfl;s ;fg'gfl;s . ~ 6f]8s \ L gf) gfssf kf]fl;t Wjlgsf] pRrf0fdf ;xof]
u k'ofpg] gfsleqsf] 6f]8s \ f] lkgf;] cf]8f l;Fufg] cf]8f . ~ 8f8L lj) gfssf] 6'Kkf]
v ;F3f;Ddsf] w'L . ~ 8f8f] gf) != gfsh:tf] k]sf] 8fF8f] . @= gfs ePsf] 8fF8f] . ~af]n
L gf) != ;fwf0f Wjlg klg gfsaf6 pRrf0f u] af]lnPsf] af]nL gfsaf6 lg:s]h:tf] :j . @=
]sf] af]nL . gfS;f] gf) [ef]) a)] lh]n hfltsf k'f]lxt . gfv'; lj) [kmf)] v';L gePsf]
k|;Gg gePsf] l;fPsf] ck|;Gg q'm4 . > gfv';L gf) v';L gx'gfsf] efj ck|;Ggtf l;fgL .
) [;+)] != 3;|] lxF8\g] nDafsf ljiffn' sLf] ;k{ nfDsLf] . @= k'f0fdf sZoksL kTgL sb'
f ;Gtfg dflgPsf jf;'ls, tIfs, slns, ssf]{6s, k, z
\vr"8, dxfk wg~ho gfdsf cf7 gfu .
#= Ps k|frLg fhj+z . $= Ps k|frLg b]z To;df a:g] Ps hflt . lj) %= kj{tLo gudf a:g]
. ~ sGof gf) != gfu hfltsL sGof . @= zLsf] dflyNnf] cfwf efu :qLsf] tNnf] cfwf efu
gfusf] x'g] k'fsyfTds o'jtL . #= r'lkrG8fn s]6L . ~ s]z gf) !=kx]Fnf] s]z x'g], ;]t
f] ;'uGwL k"mnh:tf aa'sf dl;gf kft x'g] Ps hftsf] af]6 . @= To;}sf] k"mn gfu]ZjL .
bGt gf) != xfQLsf] bfFt . @= leQfdf ufl8Psf] sLnf] . bGtL gf) l3psdfLsf h:tf tLgrf
6 nfdf xKk kmn]sf xlof kft ;]tf af:gf cfpg] k"mn kmNg] v}f] hf] xg], cfoj]{bdf
hfnfO{ zlQmj4{s skmgfzs tyf kftnfO{ ljifgfzs rd{f]u zdg ug]{ atfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] a
6L . ~ bx gf) != kf}fl0fs kDkfcg;f gfun] jf; ug]{ hnfzo gfu a:g] bx . @= sf7df8f}Fs
] rf]efdf x]sf] k|l;4 P]ltxfl;s bx . #= t]x|yd lhNnfsf] Pp6f k|l;4 7fpF . $= k|fu
}ltxfl;s sfndf xfn sf7df8f}F pkTosf ePsf] 7fpFsf] Ps ljzfn hnfzo . ~ k~rdL gf) ;f
pg dlxgfsf] zSn kIfsf] k~rdL ltly gfuxsf] k"hf ulg] sfutdf gfusf lrq n]v] jf 5fk] 3
6fFl;g] lbg >fj0f zSn k~rdL . kfz gf) != kf0fdf j?0fsf] xltof dflgPsf] Ps k|sfsf]
kf;f] . @= k|frLg sfnsf] Ps k|sfsf] hfnh:tf] c:q . km0fL gf) != hf]uLxn] kms] ahfpg
] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . @= nfdfnfdf
674

sfF8f xg], 7"nf afSnf kf6fsf 6Kkfdf nfDrf kmn kmNg] kmndfly kx]n F f k"mn kmN
g] Ps k|sfsf] l;pF8L dlb;] sfF8f] . anfan gf) ;fwf0f af6nf kftsf] dfly xlof], lrN
tn f}F ePsf lsgffdf bfFtL k]sf kft xg] ftf] hftsf] ansf] af]6 ftf] an . a]nL
= gfusf] h:tf] cfsf k]sf] gbL, af6f] cflbsf] cfs[lt s08nfs[lt . @= 5fof kxf8sf] vf]r
eO{Fdf xfFuf kmf6] nflDrPsf ;;fgf kft xg,] slxNo} kmn k"mn gnfUg], cfojb {] c
g;f g;fnfO{ 7Ls ug]{, wftf]u, afy, kmf]S;f] d[uf}nfsf] f]unfO{ zdg ug]{ u0f atfO
Psf] Ps yL af\uf]l6\uf] nxf] . #= kfgsf] nxf] gfujNnL . lj) $= ;k{sf] lxF8fOh:tf] a\
l6\uf] k]sf] (]vf, af cflb) . a]nL afhf gf) hf]uL, ;Gt, dxGtxdf k|rlnt dvn] kms]
Og] gfusf cfsfsf] Ps k|sfsf] afhf afF7sf] l;sf] afhf . a]n ] lj) gfua]nL k]sf] s
fu lj) [;+)] != gu;DaGwL gusf] . @= ;xdf a:g] ;xlof . #= ;Eo . $= gfuls . > gfus
nu8 lzNkL . @= gusf] Iff ug]{ fhsd{rfL . #= rf] . gfud:tf gf) [;+)] hfdf ;;fgf uf
], efnfsf cfsfsf xlof kft xg,] v}f] k"mn xg,] Ps hftsf] eOe F{ mf df]y] . gfudf]y
gf) [;+) gfud:tf] Ps k|sfsf] df]y] emf . gfufh gf) [;+)] != ;x;| km0ff ePsf ;k{xsf
z]ifgfu . @= 5Gbzf:qsf k|jt{s lk\unfrfo{ . #= P]fjt xfQL . $= Ps k|l;4 Jofs0fsf kt~hl
n gfu]z . gfuls lj) [;+)] != gu;DaGwL gusf] gujf;L . gf) @= sg} b]z jf fi6sf] lj
flhs, fhgLlts cflb clwsf kfPsf] tbg;f lglZrt st{Jodf xgkg]{ JolQm (gfuls hGdl;4
t uL bO{ k|sfsf xG5g\) . ~ clwsf gf) sg} b]z jf fi6sf] ;+ljwfgcg;f ;j{;fwf0f gf
zk|ltsf] st{Jo k"0f{ u]afkt kfpg] ;fdflhs, fhgLlts cflb clwsf gfuls xs . ~ pog gf) ;
fwf0f hgtfsf] oftfoftsf] ;ljwfsf nflu ulPsf] xjfO{ p8fg . ~ xs gf) gfuls clwsf . gfu
lstf gf) [;+)] != gfuls xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= sg} fi6n] cfgf] ;+ljwfgcg;f To;
:g] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf gftfn] jf lglZrt cjlwb]lv a;f]af; u]sf gftfn] lbg] gfuls clws
f . #= sg} fi6n] cfgf] ;+ljwfgcg;f To; b]zdf a:g] JolQmnfO{ b]zk|lt st{Jokfo0f ePdf
]sf] lglZrt txdf ku]kl5 lbg] gfuls clwsf . ~ lgnDag gf) s;}nfO{ c:yfoL tjn] jf cj:yf
x]L :yfoL tjn] g} klg gfuls xsaf6 jl~rt ufpg] sfo{ . ~

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
675

gfuLgfr gfu]z gf) [;+)] != ;k{xsf fhf z]ifgfu . @= gJo Jofs0fsf k|l;4 cfrfo{ kt~hl
]ZjL gf) [;+)] x]) gfus]z . gfuf] lj) [gf\uf]] :jf:gL, 5f]f5f]L sf]xL klg gePsf] clj
xt -k?if_ PSnf] gf\uf], l7\uf] . gf3\g ;) lqm) [;+) n\3g g] != ;hLj jf lghL{j sg
fO{ cfgf] dlg kf] hfg jf p8\g ;f]em} dflyaf6 hfg km8\sg . @= sg} lgod, dof{bf cfl
sf] ljkLt cfr0f ug{ . #= eg]sf] gdfGg g6]g{ . $= qmde\u ug{ l;nl;nf tf]8\g . %=
s;}nfO{ pl5Gg cl3 hfg jf cl3 xg . > gfl3g s)lqm) gfg] sfd ug{ km8\lsg . gf\lug
 c) lqm) [gf\uf] O g] gf\uf] xg g\lug . gf\u] lj) [gf\uf] P] gf\uf] . ~emf
gePsf] >L;DklQ udfO;s]sf] lgw{g xls\ufn . gf\uf] lj) [;+) gUg] != hLpdf nufkmf6f]
L gnufPsf] gUg, lgj{:q . @= hxfg, kljf sf]xL gePsf] l7\uf] g\uf . ~ au \ f]et
) zLdf slQ klg nufkmf6f] gePsf] Psbd} gf\uf] . gf\nL gf) [gf\nf] O{] ;fgf] gf\nf]
lj) [gf\nf] P] != gf\nf];DaGwL gf\nfsf] . @= gf\nfdf dfn;fdfg fv] a]Rg] ;8sjlkl a
] Jofkf ug]{ . #= gf\nf] lgkmg]em}F uL dG6f] xNnfOxg] (ufO{, e}; F L) . gf) $= gf\nf
sf] Jofkf ug]{ JolQm . %= gf\nfdf dfn fvL Jofkf ug]{ JofkfL . ~ e"t gf) OGb|g ] L kg
{ Gbf klxn] s b \ g ] t] l hnf] gf\ n f] cfsfsf] t] h k ~ h (wfdLemfFqmLxdf k|rlnt
zAb) . ~ df5f] gf) ;fgf] 6fpsf] xg], af6nf] zLsf jlkl kv]6f xg] v}f] sf] Ps hft
f5f] . ~ fof] gf) 7"nf7"nf kft xg] gd vfnsf] fof] . gf\nf] gf) afF;sf rf]ofaf6 ag]
]nfsf kdf la6 fvL agfOPsf], 7"nf] yfnh:tf], cgfhx lgkmGg] ;fwg ;kf] . gfr\g c) lqm
;+) g[To ( g)gt{g] != ;\uLtsf tfn nocgk xfpefp b]vfpFb} xft, uf]8f sDd cflb zLs
f] snfk"0f{ tlsfn] ;~rfng ug{ g[To ug{ gfr ug{ . @= otfplt lxF8\g, ef}Ftflg . #
= ;f]rljrf guLsg csf{sf] O;ffdf rNg csf{sf] nx}nx}df bug{ . $= 3Dg, l\g . gfr
[gfr\ c, ;+) g[To] != ;\uLtsf tfn nocg;f xfpefp b]vfpFb} zLsf xft, uf]8f, sDd cflb
ojxsf] ;~rfng ug]{ sfd . @= gf6 gf6s . ~ sLt{g gf) gfrsf ;fy ulg] sLt{g gfr sLt{g
g . ~ ufg gf) gfRg] ufpg] sfd g[To uLt gfr ufg . ~ 3

klTofu gf) != sg} fi6sf] gfulsff To; fi6sf] gfulstfnfO{ sf0fjz 5f]8g \ ] sfd .
uls To; fi6sf] ;+ljwfgadf]lhdsf] clwsf st{Joaf6 dQm xg] l:ylt . ~ k|df0fkq gf) sg
6df a:g] JolQmnfO{ j+zhsf gftfn] jf lglZrt cjlwb]lv a;f]af; u]sf gftfn] To; fi6sf] g
fuls xf] eGg] k|dfl0ft uL ;sfL sfof{noff lbOg] kq . ~ k|flKt gf) sg} fi6df a:g] J
zhsf gftfn] jf lglZrt cjlwb]lv a;f]af; uL gfulstfk|flKtsf nflu lgwf{lt cf}krflstf k"f
u]kl5 To; fi6sf] gfulstf kfPsf] jf gfuls ag]sf] l:ylt . ~ nf]k gf) sg} fi6sf] gfu
t JolQmsf] gfulstf sg} sf0fjz gx]sf] jf uds ] f] l:ylt . ~ x0f gf) vf; sf0fjz gful
6 s;}nfO{ ;sfL cfwfaf6 x6fpg] sfo{ . gfuL gf) [;+)] != ;xdf a;f]af; ug]{ :qL ;xlof
@= :qL gfL . #= b]jgfuL lnlk . gfun gf) [;+) gfu ut{] yfd, lgbfn, vl;kf cflbsf 5]pdf
sgf df] kflg] vf]N;f] . gfunf]s gf) [;+)] kf0fcg;f k[YjLeGbf tlNt 5g\ egL ljZjf;
f ;ft nf]sdf ;aeGbf tNnf] nf]s gfuxsf] a:g] 7fpF kftfn . gfujNnLgfujNnL gf) [;+)] !=
fua]nL . @= tfDa"n ntf kfgsf] nxf] . gfux|b gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf] fhwfgL sf7df8f}Fdf x]s
f] rf eGHofleqsf] vfN6f] ljzfn bx 5Fbfsf] k|fu}ltxfl;s gfd gfubx . gfuf gf) [gf\uf]]
!= ;w}F gf\uf xg] Ps yL z}j jf h}g ;Dk|bfosf hf]uL . @= hf]uLsf e]ifdf x]sf kmf}hL h
jfgx (lbJo)) . #= cljjflxt hjfg k?if . $= eftsf] pQk"jL{ If]qdf xg] Ps hflt gfufNofG
8sf] hflt . gfufh{g gf) [;+)] != eftsf] ljbe{ k|b]zdf hGd]sf af}4 bz{gsf k|dv cf
rfo{ . @= sf7df8f}Fsf] pQtkm{ x]sf] afnfhaf6 ;? eO{ cfo{Zj/df 6lg] Ps 8fF8f] . #
= rf}f;L l;4dWo] Ps . gflugL gf) [;+)] != kf]yL ;k{ ;lk{0fL . @= lkl7pFsf] af\uf]l6\u
f], ;kf{sf f]d]vf ePsL :qL lkl7pFdf gfua]nL k]sf f}F ePsL :qL . gfuL gf) [;+) gfu O{
ljsnf\u lzz ghGd"g\ hGd]sf lzznfO{ f]u gnfuf];\ egL ulg] (fO{lnDa" ;dfhdf k|rlnt)
s k|sfsf] k"hf . @= asLemf xg] n]sfnL 8fF8f jf rp . #= kxf8sf] 7"nf] kmflsnf] vOn
] rp . o gf) != rf}FL ufO{ rg]{ 7fpF lxdfnL kf6g . @= gfuL rf} .

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65

gflrg'gftfut gf) gf6zfnf . ~ ynL gf) != gfRgsf nflu d08kdf ag]sf] 7fpF gflrg] 7fpF .
@= g[To:yfg . gflrg' s) lqm) [gfr\Og'] != gfRg] sfd ulg' gfr ulg' . c) lqm) @= gfRg]
xf]Og' . gfhjfkm lj) [c)] lg?Q r'k . gfhfoh lj) [c)] != hfoh gePsf] d'gfl;a gePsf] cg
lrt a]d'gfl;a . @= Gofo;
\ut gePsf] cj}w u}sfg'gL . gfhL gf) [hd{) gfT;L] != cfk"mnfO{
li6o ;fDojfbL eGg] ltLo ljZjo'4df kflht ePsf] hd{gLsf] Ps k|l;4 fhgLlts bn . @= pQm
bnsf] ;b:o . lj) #= ;fx|} q'"m lgd{d . jfb gf) zlQmzfnL ;}lgs clwgfosTjsf kdf fi6
} klg zf;g;"q ank"js { xTofP rnfpg'k5{ eGg], JolQm:jtGqtf tyf hgtGqsf] kd ljf]wL l;
4fGt . gfh's lj) [kmf)] != an gePsf] lgwf]{ sdhf] laNkfL . @= ;lhn} lalu|gefFlrg ;Sg
]dn . #= sg} xflg jf clgi6sf] cfz\sf ePsf] (cj:yf) . gfhf] lj) [kmf)] sdhf] lgwf]{ g
s . gf6s gf) [;+)] != sg} b]z, sfn jftfj0f;Fu ;Da4 ggfLsf] rlq sfo{nfO{ kfqxsf
fWodff k|blz{t ulg] p2]Zon] n]lvPsf] ;+jfbfTds ;flxlTos ljwf b[Zo sfJo . @= \ud~rdf c
ego u] b]vfpg ldNg] uL n]lvPsf] sg} syfj:t . #= kfFrb]lv b; c\s;Dd xg,] k|Voft wLf]
fQ, lbJo jf clbJo gfos xg,] k~r;lGwn] oQm jL cflb ;sf] ;dfj]z ePsf] kssf] Ps e]b
. $= jf:tljs kdf geP b]vfpgsf lgldQ dfq ulg] sg} sfd b]vfj6L jf agfj6L sf . sf g
] rgf ug]{ JolQm gf6s n]Vg] JolQm . ~ ljwf gf) gf6s n]Vg] sfd gf6ssf] rgf gf6s n]vg .
~ ;d|f6\ gf) gf6ssfxdWo] >]i7 gf6ssf . @= g]kfnL ;dfnf]rsxn] :j) afns[i0f ;dnfO{ lbPs
f] Ps pkflw . > gf6sLo lj) != gf6s;DaGwL gf6ssf] . @= gf6sh:tf] . #= gf6sdf em}F a
blnxg] (36gf jf sfo{) . gfl6sf gf) [;+)] rf c\s xg] b[Zo sfJosf] Ps e]b . gf6Ls6L g
f) [lgwLvbL] != b}lgs cfxf Jojxfdf jf wfld{s s[Toxdf ulg] z\sfpkz\sf cgfjZos vf]hLl
. @= grflxFbf] :jf cf8Da kfv08 . gf6 gf) [;+)] != gfr gf6s . @= clego xfjefj . #=
gSsn . $= cj:yfsf] cgs0f . sf gf) != gf6;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolQm gf6s ug]{ JolQm . @=
f6ssf . ~ gf}sf gf) ;db| jf 7"nf gbLdf ko{6g ug]{ ;f}lvgxsf] dgf]~hgsf nflu gf6 \ud
d]t ePsf] gfp . f;s gf) notfn w]} ePsf], pbfQ (>]i7)
676

gfos, jf;s;Hhf gflosf, kL7db{ pkgfos xg] z[\uf;lxt xf:o;oQm Psf\sL pkks . ~ j]b g
kfFrf}F j]b dflgPsf] gf6zf:q . zfnf gf) gfrufg ug]{ 3 jf :yfg gf6s v]Ng] 3 jf :yfg
3 k|]Iffu[x . ~ zf:q gf) != g[To, uLt, clegosf] 1fg ufpg] zf:q gf6;DaGwL sfsf] rrf{
] zf:q . @= etdlgn] agfPsf] gf6;DaGwL sfsf] rr{f ePsf] u|Gy gf6u|Gy . > gf6fuf gf
6zfnf . gf6fn\sf gf) gf6ssf] zf]ef a9fpg] ljz]if vfnsf] cn\sf . gf6f]lQm gf) s]xL
{ ;gfOg], s;}nfO{ afx]s uL cnfO{ ;gfOg], dgdg} elgg], aflxaf6 kmnflsg] 6f9faf6 ;
g]h:tf] uL dflylt kms]{ elgg] uL gf6ssf kfFr k|sf (>Jo, hgflGts, :jut, cfsfzeflift g
kYo) sf plQmdWo] sg} Ps . gf7] gf) [gf7f] P] uKt lsl;dn] kf]O fVg] cfOdfO{ gf7f] v]nf
pg] cfOdfO{ Jolerfl0fL :qL j]Zof . gf7f] gf) [k|f) 0ff]] != cn] yfxf gkfpg] uL uKt
;dn] flvPsf] kf]O hf . @= pkklt kk?if . gf8L gf) [;+)] != zLleqsf ljleGg cjojdf u
gnL QmjflxgL gnL wdgL lzf . @= lgoldt kn] Qm ;~rfng xg] tyf ultsf] 36a9 gfk ulg] x
g;f . #= xTs]nfsf] k]mb gfL . $= Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f j jw"sf] flzu0fgfdf slNkt rqmsf]
gIfq;d"x . %= dd{:yn ;GgL . ^= x7of]ucg;f if6\rqmsf] cEof; ubf{ zLdf cjl:yt O8f, lk\
unf ;ifDgf tLg gnL . &= 5 If0fsf] Ps sfndfg . *= jf:t jf d"lt{snfdf k|oQm x
g] Ps c\un jf dfqfsf] b; ugfafasf] gfk ;o tfn, cfow jf k|fbef{jafasf] gfk b; c\
f] gfk . ~ u|GyL gf) g;fxsf aLrdf k]sf ufF7f lzf:kmf]6 . ~ kLIff gf) f]u kQf nufpgs
u j}Bn] f]uLsf] gf8Lsf] ult hfFRg] sfd f]usf] lgbfgsf nflu ulg] gf8Lsf] kLIff . ~ dGb
tf gf) :jf:Yosf] vfaLn] ubf{ gf8Lsf] ultdf b]vf k]sf] wLdfkg gf8Lsf] ;~rfng la:tf} x
g] lqmof . gftf gf) [;+) 1flt] != Pp6} sndf hGdgfn] jf ljjfx cflbn] ubf{ hf]l8Psf]
kf:kls ;DaGw hGd jf ljjfx cflbaf6 ePsf] ;DaGw uf]q jf s6Dasf] ;DaGw ;fOg . @= :g]x
fof .  a] hGd jf ljjfx cflbsf cfwfdf gftfs6D  a gf) [gftf s6D gftf kg]{ JolQm gft]b
fju{ gftfuf]tf aGwju{ Oi6ldq . gftfut lj) [c) gftfst] != zfLls c:j:ytfn] ubf{ zlQm
0f ePsf] tfut gePsf] ba{n sdhf] lgwf]{ . gf) @= tfutsf] cefj gftfutL . > gftfultnf]
) tfut gePsf] . gftfutL gf) != tfutsf] cefj . lj)

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
677

gftfuf]tfgfgs af]) [;+) gi6] @= s;}nfO{ x]nf, 3[0ff jf lt:sf ubf{ elgg] zAb s;}nfO{
xf]Rofpg elgg] zAb gfy" d"nf . lj) #= tR5 gLr hfaf] kfd kf\b] . gfy|L gf) [;+)
gfssf bO{ KjfnaLrsf] kbf{, gfsleqsf] ;lGw:yfg gfy|f] . @= wfuf] pGg] l;of]sf] K
jfn . #= k?ifsf] hgg]lGb|oleqsf] kftnf] 5fnf . $= Hofb} dl;g gfy jf gTyL . ~ k
m6fO gf) lkgf;] cf]8fdf 3fp eO{ udL{ cflbn] ubf{ gfssf Kjfnaf6 ut aUg] sfd . gfy|f
] gf) [;+) g:t] != gfy|L . @= gfYg] 8f]f] jf 8f]L gfy . #= vfkl;of] jf ;Ofsf] gfy|L
. gfb! gf) [d})] a:tefpnfO{ 3fF;, 96f] cflb vfg lbg] 8F8 jf cfL (k|foM sf7 jf
l;dG6Lsf]) . gfb@ gf) [;+)] != em\sf/sf ;fy ;>fJo kdf pRrflt xg] Wjlg 3f]if Wjlg .
@= zAb Wjlg cfjfh . #= 7"nf] zAb uh{g . $= j0f{sf] cJoQm d"n k . %= cggfl;s j0f{ .
^= ;\uLtzf:qsf cg;f x[bodf gfle:yfgeGbf dfly x]sf] jfosf ;xfotfn] pTkGg eO{ dvaf
6 k|;fl/t xg] Wjlg . &= x7of]usf cg;f if6\rqmsf] cEof; ubf{ cEof; ug]{ ;fwsn] ;
Gg] zAb To:tf] ;fwssf] dl:tisdf pAh]sf] ;dw zAb jf p;ff lg:s]sf] dw Wjlg . *= Ps
lsl;dsf] jfBlxt nofTds cfjfh . ~ a|Xd gf) != zAbk a|Xd . @= Wjlg k|0fj . ~ nxL gf)
tzf:qsf cg;f sg} :j jf >ltsf Wjlgdf xg] sDkgsf t\u . ~ ;f}Gbo{ gf) sg} :j jf >l
jlg sDkgdf xg] ;f}Gbo{ Wjlg ;f}Gbo{ . gfbfg lj) [kmf)] != sg} sfdsf ug]{ ;fx; jf pT;
x gePsf] lxDdt gePsf] 85]?jf nf5L gfdb{ . @= al4 g} gePsf] jf Hofb} sd al4 ePsf] d"
v{ gf;dem . #= sd dxjsf] hfaf] tR5 . $= pd] jf cj:yf gku]sf] al4 gl5lKkPsf] (s]6fs
6L) . > gfbfgL gf) != gfbfg xgfsf] efj gfdbL{ . @= d"vt { f al4xLgtf . #= tR5tf
. $= c1fg c1tf . gflb zfx gf) [c) kmf)] cfgf] lgb{oL Jojxf cTofrfsf nflu k|l;4 kmf
f Ps afbzfx . > gflb zfxL gf) != cTofrf jf cGofo . @= anfTsf jf n6lk6 . gfbL lj) [;+
)] != gfb ug]{ zAb jf Wjlg lgsfNg] . @= uh{g] 8qmg] . #= aHg] . gfgs gf) [k+)] lj)
;+) !%@^!%(& sf] cf;kf;sf l;Sv wd{sf k|jt{s, kGhfasf Ps k|l;4 dxfTdf l;Sv ;Dk|bfo
sf cflbu? . ~ kGy gf) gfgsff ;? ulPsf] wfld{s ;Dk|bfo l;Sv wd{ . ~ kGyL lj) != u?
fgsn] rnfPsf] ;Dk|bfosf] cgofoL . gf) @= l;Sv .

@= bAnf] sdhf] . gftfuf]tf gf) [;+) 1flt uf]q] gftfs6Da sns6Da . gftfbf lj) [gf
Gd jf ljjfx cflbsf cfwfdf gftf kg]{ ;fOg kg]{ ;DaGw hf]l8Psf] . gf) @= gftfbf JolQm
. > gftfbfL gf) != gftfbfxsf aLrdf xg] kf:kls ;DaGw gftfbf xg] efj . @= ;fOg ;
gftfjfb gf) [gftf jfbL] sg} sfddf of]Uotf, GofocGofo jf plrtcglrtsf] Vofn guL cfgf g
bfsf] kIf lng] k|jl[ Q jf gLlt . > gftfjfbL lj) gftfjfbsf] ;dy{g jf ;~rfng ug]{ .
gflt gf) [;+) gKtf] 5f]f jf 5f]Lsf] 5f]f] . gfltgf gf) gflt gfltgLxsf] ;dbfo gf
gLx . > gfltgL gf) 5f]f jf 5f]LsL 5f]L . gfltg] lj) gflt jf gfltgLsf ;DaGwaf6 ePsf]
t jf gfltgLsf gftf;DaGwL (HjfOF, axfL cflb) . ~ HjfO gf) gfltgLsf] nf]Ug] . ~ axfL
gf) gfltsL kTgL . gfltzLtf]i0f lj) [;+)] g w] hf8f] g w] udL{ ePsf] ;bL{ udL{ l7Ss e
Psf] . gft]bf lj) [gftf P bf] gftfbf . > gft]bfL gf) gftfbfL . gftf]! gf) [ gftf]
aGw . gftf]@ gf) [;+) nQms > nQf]] != dfn;fdfg p7fpFbf 6fpsf]df afFWg] ?dfn . @=
sg} efF8f]sf] dvdf a]g]{ 6fnf] . #= bgf 6kL cflbdf sg} kbfy{ fvL hf]ufsf lglDt dfly
taf6 kftn] v6] 5f]Kg] sfd . gfy\g ;) lqm) [;+) gfy g] != gTyL nfpgsf nflu fFuf, uf]
cflbsf] gfs 5]8\g . @= gfy|L 5]8L dGb|f], 8f]L cflb xfNg . gfy gf) [;+)] != df
lns :jfdL . @= klt . #= O{Zj . $= dflns, klt, O{ZjnfO{ ulg] Ps k|sfsf] ;Daf]wg . %= u
f]vgfy jf dT:o]Gb|gfysf dtfgofoL ;fwxsf] Ps pkflw . ^= fFuf], uf]? cflbsf gfsdf n
ufOg] 8f]L gTyL . tf gf) gfy jf :jfdL xgfsf] efj k|et  f. gflyg s) lqm) [gfy\ O g
gfYg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= gfy jf gTyL nflug . gfy lj) af]) [k|f) 0ff] < ;+) gi
6] != s;}nfO{ x]nf, 3[0ff jf lt:sf ug{ elgg] zAb s;}nfO{ xf]Rofpg elgg] zAb gfy] . l
j) @= tR5 gLr hfaf] kfd kf\b] . gf) [gfy pm] #= gfssf Kjfnleqsf] f}F gfy] . f
fy" gfy] . gfy" lj) af]) x]) gfy . gfy] gf) [;+) gfy P] != gfssf Kjfnleq pd|g] f}F .
lj)

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

gfgfgfle gfgf! gf) [af) af])] nufsk8fsf nflu k|of]u ulg] zAb nuf sk8f j:q . gfgf@
[;+)] cg]s ljleGg lsl;dlsl;dsf] yL yLsf] . cf]nL lj) cg]s lsl;dsf], yLyLsf]
gfjnL . > gfgfy{ lj) != cg]s cy{ ePsf] yLyLsf cy{ ePsf] w]} dfg] nfUg] . @= cg]s lsl
f sfddf cfpg] w]} lsl;dn] pkof]udf Nofpg ;lsg] . jnL lj) cg]s lsl;d jf 9fFrfsf] yLy
] efFlt efFtLsf] lsl;dlsl;dsf] cg]scf]nL . ljw lj) != gfgfjnL . lqm) lj) @= cg]s ls
n] ljleGg tlsfaf6 . gfgL! gf) S;L yfKg k|of]udf NofOg] Ps lsl;dsf] efF8f] . gfgL@ gf)
[;+) gGb O{ ] != 7"nfn] s]6fs]6L jf cfk"meGbf sd pd]sfnfO{ dfof u] af]nfpg] zAb . @= a
rf s]6fs]6L afnaflnsf . #= baflof ;;f] cfOdfO{ s]6L . $= cfFvfsf] ktnL . lj) %= ;fg
. sf] tfO gf) v'k} sfd u5'{ eGg] 3dG8 lgs} k'mtL{ . (pbf) s] ug{ ;S5f}< x]f}F gfgLs
] tfOF) . ~ emf gf) 5f]OFbf dfq} klg v'd'Rr eP kft v'DRofpg] e'Oe F mf a'xfL emf nH
emf nfhjGtL . ~ ;fx]a gf) != fhfdxffhf jf f0ff zf;sxsL vf}6L :jf:gLnfO{ lbOg] Ps b
@= fhfdxffhf jf f0ff zf;sxsL vf}6L . gfg' gf) [gfgf]p] ;fgL s]6LnfO{ :g]xk"j{s af]n
bf k|of]u ulg] zAb . gfGbL gf) [;+)] != ;+:s[t gf6s kDkfcg';f
\uzfnfsf] ljgzflGtsf
;"qwfff gf6ssf] ;'?df kl9g], d
\unfr0f, b]j:t'lt cflb ePsf] cfzLjf{bfTds Znf]s . @= d
\
nfr0f . #= ;d[l4 cEo'bo . d'v gf) != ljjfx, j|taGw cflb z'e sfo{sf cfDedf ulg], lbj
lkt[xsf] k"hf . @= z'e sfo{sf] cfDedf ulg] df
\ulns >f4, cfEo'bflos >f4 . d'vL gf) !
b'O{ gu0f, b'O{ tu0f b'O{ u'? ePsf] ;ftf}F cIfdf lj>fd ePsf] 5Gbljz]if . @= gfGb
Ld'v . jfb gf) fhfsf] b}lgs sfo{ ;'? ubf{ d
\un ahfpg] jf d
\un ufpg] clwsfL (P]lt)) .
~ >f4 gf) gfGbLd'v . gfk\g ;) lqm) [;+) dfkg] != sg} j:tsf] nDafO, rf}8fO, prfO cf
lbsf] kldf0f lng gfkf] lng gfkL ug{ . @= hf]Vg eg{ tf}ng kldf0fsf] lg0f{o lng
#= s;}n] sg} sfd u5{ egL 3dG8 u] klg sfd kmQ] ug{ g;Sbf v"a ul;\ egL Jo\Uo ug{ v
. gfk gf) [;+) dfk] != sg} j:tsf] nDafO, rf}8fO, prfO cflbsf] kldf0f gfkf] dfk . @=
gfKg] sfd gkfO . #= gfKg] ;fwg (uh, km6, 6fFuf] cflb) . ~ hf]v gf) sg} j:tnfO{
678

gfKg] tf}ng] sfd gfkhf]v . ~ tf}n gf) gfKg] / tf}ng] sfd gfkhf]v . ~ gS;f gf) !=hUuf
hldgsf] nDafO, rf}8fOsf] kldf0f To;sf] ]vflrq . @= hUufhldg gfKg] To;sf] gS;f lvRg
] sfd . gflkt gfpm . gflkggflKkg s) lqm) [gfk O g] != gfKg] sfd ul/g . c) lqm) @= g
kfOdf kg{ . gfkL gf) [gfk O{] !=hUufhldg cflbsf] nDafOrf}8fOsf] kldf0f lng] sfd . @=
hUufhldg cflb gfKg] sfd . #=hUufhldg gfKg] JolQmxsf] 8kmf jf bn . ~ uf]:jff gf) hUuf
hldgsf] nut v8f ug]{ ;f]xLadf]lhd ;|]:tf fVg] cf . gfkf] gf) [gfk\ cf]] gfk . gfkf] g
fkf] lj) [;+) gfNkgfNk  w]}] clncln clnslt . gfkmn gf) [;+) gkmnskmn] lxdfnL e]ult
s k|sfsf] 3l6of uxF . gfkmf! gf) g]kfn P;f]l;P;g ckm kmfOg cf6{;sf] ;\If]kLs[t k g]
nlnt snf ;+:yfg . gfkmf@ gf) [c) gkmn] != pBf]u, Jofkf jf c sg} sff]afaf6 xg] d"nwg
f cltlQm cfDbfgL . @= pBf]u, Jofkf jf c sg} sff]afdf nufgL ulPsf] wgaf6 cfPsf] nfef+
#= nfuteGbf cfDbfgLsf] clwstf cfly{s k|flKt nfe dgfkmf . vf] lj) pBf]u, Jofkf jf
sff]afaf6 cglrt nfe p7fpg] g;xfpFbf] lsl;dn] w]} gfkmf vfg] . vf]L gf) To;L cg
fe p7fpg] jf g;xfpg] uL ulg] sfd gfkmfvf]sf] sfd . bf lj) gfkmf xg] lsl;dsf] gfk
g] . bfL gf) gfkmf xg] sfd cj:yf jf rfn . aGbL gf) gfkmfsf] lgwf{0f . > gfkmfL
gfkmf vfg] gfkmfvf] . gfafnsgfafnv gf) [c) gfaflnu] != lghfdlt, h\uL cflb ;]jfsf ;fy}
lgjf{rg, pQflwsfqmd, ljjfx cflb ;DaGwL P]gdf aflnu xg lgwf{lt pd] gkus ] f] JolQm
. @= pd] gku]sf] s]6f] jf s]6L . #= afns, aRrf] . gfaflnu lj) [c)] != aflnu xg]
cj:yf gePsf] . @= gfafns cj:yfsf] . gfle gf) [;+)] != gfO6f] . @= uf8L cflbsf] a
Lrsf] wf l5fpg] Kjfn . #= sg} ufpF7fpF jf ;dfhsf] dVo dfG5] k|wfg dlvof . $= s:t"L
d[usf] gfO6f]lg xg] ;uGwL b|Jo lagf . %= u|fx, ;k{, df5f] cflbsf] ln\u . ^= sf7 c
flbsf] leqL efu rf] . &= sg} klg j:tsf] s]Gb|Lo efu . s0f gf) kbfy{lj1fgsf cg;f x
c0fsf] leqL ue{df xg] zlQmzfnL clt;"Id s]Gb|Lo kdf0f . ~ sdn gf) != lji0fsf]
gfle:yfgaf6 pTkGg dflgPsf] sdn . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
679

gfef]gfd;fL gLlt . gfdks lj) [;+)] gfd;Fu ;DalGwt gfdsf] . gfd kf6L gf) [;+) gfd kls
JolQm, j:t, ;+:yf, :yfg cflbnfO{ lrgfpg jf tLaf] ;j{;fwf0fnfO{ hfgsfL lbg ;DalGwt
JolQm, j:t, ;+:yf, :yfg cflbsf] gfd n]v] 9f]sfdf jf cGoq plrt :yndf 6fFluPsf] k
f6L jf kmn]s (g]dKn]6) . gfd dfq lj) [;+)] != vfln gfd hgfpg] vfnsf] vfln gfdsf] Jo
y}d { f gfd rn]sf] gfdwfL . @= pNn]v gu] klg xg] gu0o tR5 . #= Hofb} yf]} . gfd db
| gf) [;+)] != sg} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] gfd c\\lst ePsf] cf}F7L gfd n]lvPsf] cf}F7L 5f
k]dGb|f] . @= sg} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] gfd vf]lkPsf] 5fk . gfdof]uL gf) [;+)] Jofs0fc
g;f ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f cflb;Fu ljelQm hf]l8Pem}F hf]l8g], cfgf] :jtGq cy{ klg xg]
cJoo (lt, ;Dd, l;t cflb) . gfd flz gf) [;+)] != d]if, j[if cflb flzsf cfwfdf flvg] gf
. @= gfdsf cfwfdf 5fOg] flz . #= gfd flz . gfdk lj) [;+)] != gfd k ePsf] . @=
d To:t} k ePsf] . gfdb{ lj) [kmf)] != k?if eO{sg klg k?ifdf xgk  g]{ lxDdt geP
sf] xfp gePsf] xtLxff 85]?jf sfo nf5L . @= k; + Tj gePsf] gk; + s. gfdbL{ gf)
gk+;stf . @= sfotf nf5Lkgf . #= gfdb{ xgfsf] efj . ~ b08 gf) kf]On uPsL :jf:gLnfO
{ kmsf{P NofO{ k]ml :jf:gL agfP fVg]nfO{ ufpFn] lgodcg;f lbOg] Ps k|sfsf] cfly{s b08
. gfdnf uDaf gf) [ef]) a) gfd () nf uDaf] g]kfn clwfHosf] uf]vf lhNnfsf] gfd?f eGg]
gdf x]sf] Ps uDaf . gfd jfrs lj) [;+)] != gfd jf ;+1fsf] cy{ JoQm ug]{ . @= gfd a
tfpg] . #= Jofs0fsf cg;f c sf]l6sf] 7fpFdf gfdsf] cy{ hgfpg] (pbf) t]f] d hflGbgFn]
dnfO{ lbSs kfl;Sof] . o; jfSodf d hflGbgF gfdjfrs kbfjnL xf]) . gfdz]if lj) [;+)] !
= ef}lts cl:tTj l;l4P gfd dfq afFsL x]sf] . @= zfLls kdf dl;s]sf] . #= dfqf, ;\Vof c
sf b[li6n] gu0o gfd dfq z]if x]sf] . gfd;fL gf) [;+)] s;}sf gfddf x]sf] rncrn ;DklQ p
;sf gfdaf6 c s;}sf gfddf ;fg]{ jf btf{ ufpg] sfd ;flas gfdgfdf;L vf]h uL xfnsf] gfdgf
df;L c\lst ug]{ sfo{ bflvnvflh .

a|Xdfsf] pb\ej:yn . R5]bg gf) gjhft lzzsf] gfn sf6\g] sfd gjhft lzzsf] gfn a]8fp
g] sfd . hGdf gf) lji0fsf] gfleaf6 pTkGg sdnsf] k"mndfly k|s6 ePsf] dflgg] cfwfdf
a|XdfnfO{ lbOPsf] Ps gfd . :yfg gf) b}n]v lhNnfsf] lz:yfgb]lv cfwf sf];hlt k gfle
vf]nfsf] tLdf x]sf], ;tLb]jLsf] gfle ktg ePsf] 7fpF dflgPsf] kfk"j{sfnb]lv Hjfnf al
nx]sf] Ps dlGb Hjfnf:yfg . gfef] gf) [k|f) 0fflecf] < ;+) gfles] afnL sfl6;s]kl5 hfaf
6 knfPsf] ufFhdf kmNg] jf em]sf] aLhaf6 pd|] kmNg] cGg g5Lsg pd|]sf] cgfh l7Ddn cgfh
. gfd gf) [;+)] != ;[li6t jf slNkt sg} klg j:tnfO{ aemfpg] jf lrgfpg] zAb . @= d
gio jf ufO{, e}F;L, afv|f cflb kfNt hgfjnfO{ af]nfpg] ;+1f . #= oz jf sLlt{ k|l;
l4 ;gfd Voflt . s lj) gfdwfL gfpF ePsf] . s0f gf) != gjhft afns hGd]sf] P3ff}F
ahf]8L lbg kf] kDkfcg;f ulg], gfd fVg] ;+:sf Gjffg . @= sg} JolQm, j:t jf :yfg
d fVg] sfd, zLif{s lbg] sfo{ . ~ sd{ gf) gjhft afnssf] gfds0f ug]{ ;+:sf afnssf] gfd
Vg] sfd, gfds0f . ~ sfd gf) JolQm p;n] hLjgdf u]sf 36gfx . ~ sLt{g gf) != O{Zjsf gf
0fsf] ;\sLt{g O{Zjsf] ehg O{Zjsf] u0ffgjfb . @= gjwf elQmdWo] Ps elQm . #= s;}sf]
u0fufg k|z+;f . tM lqm)lj) gfdfg;f, gfdn] . bf lj) fd|f] gfd rn]sf] Voflt kfPs
gfdL gfdb . ~ wft gf) Jofs0fcg;f gflds kbaf6 agfOPsf] wft (f]ufp, ld|, laofFn\ l
p, 8fp O)) . ~ wfd gf) cfgf] gfpF cfk"m a;]sf] 7fpF sg} JolQmsf] gfd p;sf] af;:yfg
~ wfswfL lj) != gfdcg;fsf] sfd gug]{ . @=gfd dfq wf0f u]sf] gfd dfqsf] . #= gfd u
$= eGg dfq To:tf] elgg] egfpFbf] tyfslyt . ~ gfdf;Lgfd];L gf) != sg} JolQmsf] gfd, y,
jtg cflbsf] ljj0f . @= gfd, y, jtg cflb gfd 7]ufgf . ~ lgb]{z gf) s;}sf] gfdsf] pNn]
v ug]{ sfd gfd lng] sfd gfdf]Nn]v gfdf]Rrf0f . ~ lgb]z { g gf) sg} sfd jf kbsf lgldQ
fdf\sg ug]{ sfd gfd fVg] sfd gfd atfpg] sfd . ~ lg;fglg;fgf gf) != gfd To;nfO{ lrgf
nIf0f jf lrXg gfd lrg gfd lg;fgf gfdf]lg;fg . @= gfd7]ufgf 77]ufgf . #= cQf]kQf]
;4L . gfdGh lj) [kmf)] :jLsf gulPsf] dGh gePsf], a]dGh c:jLsf . > gfdGhL gf
ePsf] jf gulPsf] l:ylt jf cj:yf a]dGhL c:jLs[lt . @= :jLsf gug]{

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

gfdfgfoa gfdf! lj) [;+)] gfdsf] gfds eGg] . gfdf@ gf) [kmf)] sg} zAbsf] kl5lNt hf]l8
hg zAbsf] kl5lNt hf]l8Psf] 5 To;;DaGwL lnvt eGg] aemfpg] zAb (pbf) jfl;gfdf, dGhL
gfdf, fhLgfdf O)) . gfdf\sg gf) [;+)] != sg} ;\3, ;+:yfsf] ;b:otfsf] lglDt jf sg} kbs
lglDt pDd]bjfsf x}l;otn] gfd k|:tt ug]{ sfd gfd fVg] sfd . @= gfdfjnLdf gfd r9fpg
] sfd . #= gfd pNn]v ug{kg]{ 7fpFdf xg] lnlvt pNn]v . $= zLif{s lbg jf yKgkg
]{ 7fpFdf ;f]sf] lbofO jf ykfO . gfdf\lst lj) [;+)] != gfpF n]lvPsf] gfpF vf]lkPsf]
. @= sg} ;\3;+:yfsf] ;b:otfsf lglDt jf sg} kbsf lglDt pd]bjfsf x}l;otn] gfd k|:tt e
Psf] . gfdfgzf;g gf) [;+)] gfdxsf] cy{ k|of]u;DaGwL sfsf] aofg ePsf] zf:q gfdxsf]
sf]z . gfdfGt gf) [;+)] != dVo gfdeGbf cltlQm csf]{ gfd . @= pkgfd cjfGt gfd . gfdfj
nL gf) [;+)] Ps lsl;dsf JolQm jf j:txsf] sg} p2]Zon] tof kflPsf] gfdsf] ;"rL gfdxsf
flnsf . ~ k|sfzg gf) kLIffdf pQL0f{ 5fqxsf], sg} kbsf k|TofzLxsf] c sfo{df ;+nUg x
fxg] jf ;+nUg ePsf JolQmxsf] gfdsf] ;"rLsf] k|sfzg ;DalGwt gfdfjnL aflx 6fF:g] sfd
. gflds gf) [;+) gfd Os] gfd;Fu ;DalGwt gfd;DaGwL gfdsf] . ~ kb gf) gfdjfrs kb gfd;DaG
L kb . kbfjnL gf) gfdsf] cy{ hfx] ug]{ kbfjnL (gfpg k|m ] h) . gfdL lj) [gfd O{] != l
gs} k|l;l4 kfPsf] sxlnPsf] gfd rn]sf] gfdb k|l;4 . @= pQd vfnsf] fd|f] lsl;dsf] . gf
b lj) [kmf) gfdhb] gfpF rn]sf] gfdL . > gfd2f/ lj) k|l;4 ePsf] gfd rn]sf] gfdL gfd
k|l;4 . gfd]6 lj) [gfd d]6] != gfdlg;fgf g} gxg] uL l;l4Psf] k"0f{tof cl:tTjljxLg ePsf
] k"} kdf ljgi6 ;vfk . gf) @= ;j{gfz aafbL . gfDUofn uDaf gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnsf] d
lhNnfsf] nf] dfGtfb]lv pQklsf 8fF8fxsf] l;fgdf cjl:yt, d:tf fHosf k|yd ;+:yfks fhf
fnff lgld{t dflgPsf] Ps uDaf . gfDhf gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfn clwfHosf] du lhNnfdf kg]
{, ef]6lt cfjthfjt ug]{ !^,@@) lkm6 cUnf] Ps e~Hof . gfDhf] gf) [nfdf] hfaf]] != kf6a
f6 agfOPsf] wf]qmf] jf y}nf] . @= afFemf] hldg . gfDn] lj) [gfDnf] P] != gfDnf]h:tf
] gfDnfsf 9fFrfsf] . @= Ps gfDnfsf] ndfOsf] k]mf]afa df]6fO jf kldf0f ePsf] . gf) #=
gfDnf] lnP Hofnfdf efL af]Sg] dfG5] 8f]L gfDnfsf
680

edf hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm . ~ lsf] gf) != nueu tLg ;]lG6ld6 nfdf] YofKrf] kfth:tf] hLp
, cufl8 k5fl8 bj}lt r"ifs ePsf], e]8fdf khLjL eP afFRg] zLleq a:tefpsf k]6df Hjf
f]ifsf kdf xg] Ps lsl;dsf] sLf] . @= ;f]sf]] f]u . ~ hsf] gf) gfDn] . ~ k]mb gf) gfD
f] gnfO{ af]Sg g;lsg] luF8 xg] 7"nf] v jf af]6 (d;nf cflb) sf] df6fdfly hf] ePsf]
efu . F f gfDnf] gf) [;+) nDa6 > k|f) nDa8f] > nfDnf]] lk7"d efL c8fP af]Sgfsf lglDt
kf6, rf]of, 5fnf cflbaf6 ag]sf] yfKnf]df nfpg] r]K6f] kftf] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] 8f]L
r]K6f] kftf] ePsf] 8f]L yfKnf]df c8fO{ lk7"Fdf efL af]Sg] ;fwg . gfos gf) [;+)] != sg
nIok|flKtsf lglDt ;dfhsf] g]tT [j ug]{ JolQm sg} bn jf ;dbfonfO{ cufl8 n}hfg] Jo
lQm hg;dbfosf] cu|u0o JolQm cujf gfOs] g]tf . @= dfu{ lgb]z { g ug]{ JolQm kyk|bz{s
. #= sg} 3, ;+:yf jf b]zsf] ;jf]{kl JolQm :jfdL dflns . $= b; ;]gfklt dflysf] ;]gfkl
t . %= sfJo, gf6s cflb ;flxlTos ljwfdf k|wfg kn] rlqlrq0f ulPsf] k?if kfq (sfJozf:
qdf dflgPsf gfossf wLf]bfQ, wLf]4t, wLnlnt wLk|zfGt oL rf k|dv cyjf blIf0f, w[i6,
sn z7 oL rf uf}0f e]b uL hDdf ;f]x| e]b ltgsf klg pQd, dWod cwd tLg e]bn] ubf{ hDd
xg cfpg] c7rfnL; e]bdWo] sg} Ps e]b) . ^= xfsf aLrdf hl8Psf] dl0f . &= hkdfnfdf f
lvPsf] 7"nf] bfgf ;d]? . Tj gf) gfossf] :jefj, bfloTj jf efj gfOs]kg g]tT [j. gfovL
f) [g]jf)] 9f]nsh:t} t 9f]nseGbf s]xL ;fgf] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . gfog gf) [gfx'] ltAatL
If]qdf kfOg] # b]lv $ k'm6 cUnf], () ;]lG6ld6 b]lv ! ld6;Dd nfdf] l;
ePsf] 7"nf] h
\
unL e]8f] . gfoa lj) [c)] != sfddf d2t k'ofpg] ;xfos . gf) @= d'Vo xflsdd'lgsf] sd{
rfL ;xfos sfdbf . #= klxn]klxn] sg} bhf{sf] clulNt nfuL To;eGbf Ps tx sd a'emfpg] zAb
(gfoa ;'Aaf, gfoa d'lvof, gfoa u'?Ho" O)) . $= sg} kbdf sfd ulx]sf] JolQm sf0fjz s]
xL lbg;Dd sfd ug{ g;Sg] ePdf jf cg'kl:yt x]df p;sf] k|ltlglw eO{ sfd ug]{ JolQm .
~ l8f gf) l8feGbf dlgsf] Ps lghfdtL bhf{ . ~ lgLIfs gf) k|xL ;]jfdf lgLIfseGbf tNnf
]0fLsf] sd{rfL pklgLIfs ;aOG:k]S6 . ~ a8fu?Ho" gf) a8fu?Ho"eGbf Ps txdlgsf] u?H
~ dlvof gf) k"f dlvof eOg;s]sf] t alxbfeGbf dflyNnf] bhf{sf] sd{rfL jf p;sf] kb . ~
fO6 gf)

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
681

gflosfgfn gffO gf) [gf\ ( cfO)] gfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . gffh lj) [kmf)] != k|;Gg geP
v;L gePsf] ck|;Gg a]v;  . @= l;fPsf] ?i6 . > gffhL gf) k|;Ggtf gePsf] l:ylt ck|;Gg
]v;L . gffg gf)x]) gf/g . kftL gf) gf/gkftL . ~ lzj lj)af]) gf/glzj . gffo0f gf) [
] lji0f gfg . kftL gf) x]) gffgkftL . ~ k|; ] gf) g]kfnsf hgn u]x]Gb|zdz]n] agfP
fgf] db|0foGq . ~ aln gf) ckd[To, csfn d[To cflbn] ubf{ cult k]sf jf nfdf] ;do;
Dd a]kQf ePsfn] d[t dflgPsf JolQmsf] cf}Wj{b}lxs lqmof jf k|]tsd{ ugf{sf lglDt a
|Xdf, lji0f , dx] Z j, OGb| odsf] k" h f uL d[ t ssf] k|folZrQ:jk ulg] ;+:sf . lx
baf gf) tTsfnLg g]kfnsf] fhbaf . gffo0fL gf) [;+)] != gffo0fsL kTgL nIdL . @= a"9
xt lqz"nL sfnLu08sL b]j3f6df ku ] ldn]kl5 Pp6} ag]sf] gbLsf] gfd . lj) #= gffo0f;
DaGwL gffo0fsL . gflg c) lqm) [gf\ O g] != gffOdf kg{ . s) lqm) @= gfg]{ sfd ulg
f) [;+)] :qL dlxnf cfOdfO{ . ~ cfGbf]ng gf) cfgf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s cflb l:yltdf ;wf N
ofpg gfL hfltn] rnfPsf] qmflGtsfL cleofg . ~ ;dfgtf gf) gfLxn] klg k?ifx ;x ;a} If]
;dfg clwsf kfpg k5{ eGg] cledt jf wf0ff . gfL@ gf) [gff O{] 3f]8fsf] dvleq xflng] n
fdsf] Ps k|sfsf] sfF8fbf kmnfd] cjoj . gfL 38L gf) [gfL 38L] gf8Ldf afFWg] 38L . gfL
gf) [;+)] du0fsf] kfp ePsf] 5Gb . (pbf) uf]vf{nL xfF} xfdL, z"fdf 5f}F gfdL) . gfL
hflt gf) [;+)] dlxnf :qLhflt . gfL Tg lj) [;+)] != gfLxdf >]i7 . gf) @= pQd gfL zL
o{;DkGg gfL u0fjtL gfL . gfLjfb gf) [;+)] gfL cl:dtf gfL :jtGqtfk|lt k|lta4 dfGot
Gt jf cfGbf]ng . gfLZj gf) [;+)] cfwf zL k?if, cfwf zL gfL ePsf Ps lxGb" b]jtf cw
gf? gf) [gff pm] != nueu !*@) ld6 cUnf], kGhfsf xlof] kft xg,] ;]tf] kx]n F f] k"m
g], Ps hftsf] n]sfnL af]6 s?sf] af]6 . @= To;}sf] a6L . gff] gf) [gff] gff hf]tff]
F8 . gfn! gf) [;+)] != 3sf] kmf]xf] d}nf, h7f] cflb kmfNg] 7fpF 5fg . @= sdnsf] 8fF7
. #= gnL 9\u|f] . $= kmf]xf] kfgL aUg] 7fpF jf lgsf; (9n, 8F8, kfOk cflb) . %= a
fnssf

s]xL tNnf] >]0fLsf] fO6 jf p;sf] kb . ~ ;Aaf fhkq cg\lst k|yd >]0fLsf] Ps kb . gflos
f gf) [;+)] !=sfJo, gf6s cflb ;flxlTos ljwfdf dVo kn] rlqlrq0f ulPsL :qLkfq . (sfJo
zf:qcg;f :jfwLg et[s { f, k|fl] ift et[s { f jf;s ;Hhf ljxf]Tsl07tf h:tf cf7 k|sfsf
gflosf) . @= gfossL kTgL . #= hg;dbfonfO{ g]t[Tj k|bfg ug]{ :qL gfL g]tf . gf\g ;)
lqm) [gff g] != Ps hf]8f uf]? jf fFufsf sfFwdf hjf fvL hf]tffn] afFw ] xNn8df cNemf
{ v]tafL hf]Tgsf lglDt pkoQm kfg{ . @= To;} uL lxF8fpgsf nflu aUuLdf 3f]8f hf]Tg
 . #= To;} uL uf8fdf Uff]? jf fFuf ldnfpg . $= hDdf kfg{ h6fpg . gfs lj) [;+)] !
= gs{sf] gs{;DaGwL gfLsLo . gf) @= gs . #= gssf] k|f0fL . gfsL lj) [;+)] != gsdf k
]uL . @= bfrfn] ubf{ gs hfg nfossf] bfrfL bi6fTdf kfkL . gfsLo lj) [;+)] != g
. @= gsh:tf] gssf] h:tf] . #= gsdf ePsf] hLjh:tf] clt lgs[i6 Hofb} cwd . gfb gf) [
!= Pp6fsf] sf csf]{nfO{ nufO{ pgLxsf aLr kmf6f] kfg]{ JolQmsf kdf k|l;4 b]jlif{ a|Xdf
sf b; dfg;kqdWo] Ps . lj) @= Ps hgfsf] sf csf]n { fO{ nufO{ emu8f kfg]{ 5Nofxf .
~ s08 gf) klZrdL g]kfnsf] bf}b FL gbLsf] dxfgdf cjl:yt Ps s08 . ~ k/f0f gf) ;gsfl
b sdfxff gfbnfO{ pkb]z ulPsf] syfsf] j0f{g ePsf], c7f kf0fdWo] Ps . > gfbLo lj)
sf] . gfg gf)lj) af]) [;+) gf/fo0f] != gf/fo0fsf] cke|+z k gf/fg . @= HjfOF zAbsf] cG
Todf ;Ddfg hgfpg 6fFl;g] zAb (HjfOFgf/g) . lj) af]) #= x/] . (pbf) d lsg cfPF5 g
f/g, o; 7fpFdf ) . kftL gf) ejfbf/ kft xg] / dl;gf, emKkfbf/, af:gf cfpg] k"mn
kmNg] Ps hftsf] v To;}sf] kft jf k"mn . ~ lzj lj) af]) s;}nfO{ bMv si6 cfOkbf{ To:
tf JolQmdfly bof jf ;xfgel" t b]vfpgsf nflu pRrf/0f ug]{ zAb gf/fg x/] . gff! gf) [
c) gc] != sg} ;+:yf jf JolQmxn] cfk"mn] u]sf] dfu tyf cFufn]sf] ljrf l;4fGt cflbsf] ;
fj{hlgs k|rfsf nflu ulg] pb\3f]if . @= 7"nf] cfjfh sg} sfsf] kmnfsf] . gff@ gf) [gf
nF8 . gff# gf) [ef]) a)] lxpF kUn]sf a]nfdf g]kfn ef]6sf aLr cfjthfjt ug]{, hDnf
lhNnfsf] !^,)*% lkm6 cUnf] Ps eGHof .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

gfngfl;So gflesf] cfGb|f] ;fnnfO{ gfO6fdf hf]8g \ ] cjoj . ^= aGbs, tf]k cflbsf]
uf]nL lg:sg] gnL . &= yfd jf uff]n] 5fOg] 3sf] v08 . *= sf]bfnLsf] kf;f] kftfsf aLr
sf] af\uf] efu . gfn@ gf) [c) gcn] != 3f]8fsf 6fkdf jf hQfsf ssR { rfdf 7f]lsg] cw{r
Gb|fsf kmnfd] ;fwg . @= hjf v]nfpg]n] v]Ng]x;Fu lng] axfn jf b:t/ . #= Ps k|sfsf]
;sfL b:t . aGbL gf) != 3f]8fsf] 6fkdf gfn 7f]Sg] sfd . @= To:tf] sfd ug]{ k];f ePs
f] JolQm . gfnf! gf) [;+) cgn] cfuf] lemSg] bflanf]h:tf] ;fwg . gfnf@ gf) [;+)] !=
jiff{ ePsf avtdf dfq e]n cfpg] ;fgf]ltgf] vf]N;f] ;fgf] vf]nf] vx] . @= v]tafLdf kf
gL k6fpgfsf lglDt agfOPsf] 7"nf] snf] gx . #= kmf]xf] kfgL aUg] 9n gn gfnL . $= vfFa]
3df Ps vfFaf] csf]{ vfFafsf aLrsf] vnf 7fpF . gfnfos lj) [kmf)] != sg} klg sfd jf
kbsf lglDt pkoQm gePsf] nfos gePsf] cof]Uo . @= of]Uotf, u0f cflbsf b[li6n] tNnf
] >]0fLsf] Ifb| tR5 gLr cwd . > gfnfosL gf) != nfos gxgfsf] efj cof]Uotf . @= Ifb
tf gLrtf tR5tf . gflns lj) [;+)] != 8fF7jfn gnjfnf . Gff) @= sdn . gflnsf gf) [;+)]
!= sdnsf] 8fF7 . @= xfQLnfO{ ;wfpg] c\s;] . #= 5fnfsf] sf]f{ . $= 8F8 . gflnz gf)x]
) gfln; . gfln; gf) [kmf)] sg} JolQm jf ;+:yfff cfk"mdfly cGofo ePsf] nfu]df plrt b0
8;hfo jf Ifltk"lt{sf lglDt cbfnt jf ;DalGwt clwsfL;dIf ug]{ Ltk"js { sf] phL lkmfb
f gfn]; . gfnL gf) [gfn O{] kmf]x kfgL aUg] 9n gfn . gfnLa]nL gf) [gf8L a]nL] != sg}
f sfsf] cfBf]kfGt j0f{g a]xf]f ;a} aemfP ulPsf] j0f{g ;lj:tf j0f{g a]nLla:tf . @
u]df vGg c;lhnf] xg] t?n, Eofs cflbsf] nxf] k]mb . gfn gf) [;+) gn p] != Ps lsl;dsf
;g ;gkf6 . @= cldnf] :jfbsf] k"mn kmNg] pQm ;gkf6sf] j[If rGgf rGgL . ~ sf] gf) w]
cfsfsf] kft xg] unfkmL k"mn kmNg], cfojb {] df hfnfO{ afyf]usf] zdg ug]{ elgPs
f], 306Lk"mnsf ;d"xsf] ;fwf0f af]6 rGgf rGgL . ~ kmn gf) gfnsf] h:tf] af]6 km;L{sf
h:tf km;|f kft lkmsf unfkmL sf yFuf xg] h\unL k"mn To;}sf] af]6 . gfn] gf) [;+)
gfn P] bjl} tsf cfFvf gsf6Lsg Psfklsf] cfFvf 5]8L sf7sf] 7]8Lh:tf] lasf]{ nufpg xg
] uL agfOPsf] afF;sf] 9\u|f] .
682

gfn]; gf)x]) gfln; . gfljs gf) [;+)] != gbLdf 8u \ f rnfpg] k];f ePsf] JolQm jf hf
lt . @= gfpdf a;] ofqf ug]{ JolQm . ~ ;"rL gf) != hxfh xfFSg] sd{rfLxn] k|of]u ug]{
ult, lbzf, ;do cflbsf] ljj0f lbg] pks0f . @= pQm pks0faf6 k|fKt ;"rgf . gfjL gf) [;+
)] dfemL af]6] . gfJo lj) [;+)] != gfpff kf ug{kg]{ 8\ufff tg{kg]{ . @= gfp jf
fpg xg];Dd kfgL ePsf] . gfz gf) [;+)] != eOx]sf] jf b]lvOx]sf] sg} j:t gxg] jf gb
]lvg] l:ylt cl:tTjljxLg aGg] l:ylt ljgfz ;Tofgfz ljWj+z aafbL . @= wfdLemfFqmLsf cg;
af]S;L cflbsf] sb[li6 kL vfgfdf pTkGg xg] c?lr jf To;L c?lr pTkGg ufpg] sbl[ i6 gfz
f . s lj) != eOx]sf] j:tnfO{ gxg] jf gxg] l:yltdf kofpg] gfz ug]{ gi6 kfg]{ ;T
fg]{ laufg]{ . @= dfg]{ . #= x6fpg] . sfL lj) gfz ug]{ gfzs . ~ lauf gf) != gfz ug]
auf ug]{ gfz lauf xflggf]S;fgL aafbL . @= vfg] sfdf c?lr k}bf xg] a]yf jf f]u
j) w]} ;do;Dd gl6Sg] gfz xg] clgTo c:yfoL . gf;\g ;) lqm) [;+) gfz g] != eOx]sf]
lvOx]sf] j:tnfO{ gxg] jf gb]lvg] l:yltdf kofpg gfz ug{ ljWj+z ug{ . @= ag]sf]
j:tnfO{ laufg{ eTsfpg nyfln\u kfg{ . #= vr{ ug{ df:g . $= v] kmfNg . %= dfg{
. ^= txfpg . gf;To gf) [;+)] ;"os { L ljjflxtf kTgL ;+1fsf Ps kq clZjgLsdf . gf;d
em lj) [gf ;dem] hfGg] ag] zlQm gePsf] ;dem gePsf] ljj]sljrf gePsf] al4xLg d"v{
demL gf) d"vt { f a]ae  mSofOF . gf;nrf]s gf) xgdfg9f]sfleq x]sf] gf6zfnf ePsf] kf
f fhfxsf kfnfsf] rf]s . gf;f gf) [;+)] gfs . k6 gf) gfssf bO{ Kjfn gfssf kf]xf .
f) gf;fk6 . gfl;sf gf) [;+)] gfs . ~ ljj gf) gfs] 6f]8\sL . gfl;sL lj) [;+) gfl;So]
!= gfl;sfaf6 pTkGg gfl;So . gf) @= gfl;sf gfs . s0f gf) cggfl;s Wjlg gfl;s aGg] ef
iffj}1flgs k|lqmof gfl;SoLejg (pbf) sfzL > sfF;L) . ejg gf) cggfl;s WjlgnfO{ gfl;s
agfpg] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof gfl;SoLs0f . gfl;So lj) [;+)] != sg} bO6f pRrf/0f cjoj
k/:k/ hf]l8Fbf Zjf;k|jfxdf afwf ePkl5 lsnlsn];lxt sf]dntfn tn emsL dvlt/sf]
af6f] aGb u/]/ gfs]cf]9f/lt/af6 ;f; aflx/ lg:sFbf pTklQ xg] -Wjlg_ . gf) @= gfl
;sf

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
683

gfl;glgs6 sg} sfdsf ubf{ z\sf glnO{sg ug]{ z\sf gePsf] ;Gb]x gePsf] z\sfxLg lg:
sg} sfdsf ubf{ dgdf 8 glng] g8fpg] lg8 . lqm) lj) #= z\sf jf ;\sf]r glnO{sg .
gePsf] ljgfzAbsf] Wjlglxt WjlgxLg gLj . @= zAb jf cfjfh glgsfNg] gaf]Ng] df}g a:g]
k a:g] . z:q lj) xftxltof gePsf] z:q gePsf] lgZz:q . z:qLs0f gf) lgZzZqLs0f lg
Ls[t lj) xftxltof vf]l;Psf] z:qljxLg ufOPsf] lgZz:qLs[t lg:qLs[t . zNs lj) != z
]sf] zNs ltg{ gkg]{ . @= s gnfu]sf] ltf]ef] gnfu]sf] s ltg{ gkg]{ ltf]ef] gkg]
j) slQ klg afFsL gx]sf] z]if gx]sf] lgZz]if ;dfKt . zf]s lj) != zf]s gePsf] zf]s g
. @= zf]s gug]{ . lgMZjl;tlgMZj:t lj) [;+)] lgMZjf; kmflnPsf] . lgMZjf; gf) [;+)] !
= gfs jf dvaf6 aflx lg:sg] ;f; . @= ;f; aflx lg:sg] lqmof . #= nfdf] ;f; ;:s]f . l
gM;\sf]r lqm) lj) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf ubf{ ws gdfgLsg glxrlsrfO{sg ;\sf]r gdfgLsg
. lj) @= ;\sf]r gePsf] . #= ;\sf]r gdfGg] . >lgM;\sf]rL lj) ;\sf]r gePsf] lgM;\sf]r
gM;lGw lj) [;+)] != ;lGwlxt . @= sl;Psf] alnof] blx|nf] . lgM;Gtfg lj)x]) lg:;Gtfg .
lgM;j lj)x]) lg:;j . lgM;Gb]x lj)x]) lg:;Gb]x . lgM;DkGg lj)x]) lg:;kGg . lgM;/0f lj)
]) lg:;/0f . lgM;xfo lj)x]) lg:;xfo . lgM;f/ lj)x]) lg:;f/ . > lgM;f/0f gf) x]) lg:
;f/0f . lgM:;fl/t lj) x]) lg:;fl/t . lgM;Ld lj)x]) lg:;Ld . lgM;[t lj)x]) lg:;[t .
lgM:jfy{ lj)x]) lg::jfy{ . > lgM:jfyL{ lj)x]) lg::jfyL{ . lgM;Dkft gf) [;+)] cfwL ft
dWoft . lgM;Dan lj) [;+)] ;DanxLg cfwf gePsf] c;xfo . lgClt gf) [;+)] != blIf0f klZ
f] aLrdf kg]{ Ps ljlbzf g}CTo . @= g}CTosf]0fsL clwi7fqL b]jL ;\s6f . #= fIf;L . lgs
6 gf) of]) [;+)] != gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f cflb;Fu ljelQm hf]l8Pem}F ldNg] 5]p jf
;dLksf] cy{ aemfpg] Ps k|sfsf] cJoo . @= kf; glhs ;dLk . lj) #= glhssf] jsf] cfTdLo
gi7 . (pbf) fdsf nflu nId0feGbf

gfs . > gfl;SoLs0f gf) gfl;sLs0f . gfl;SoLejg gf) gfl;sLejg . gfl;g s) lqm) [gf;\ O g
!= gi6 kflg . c) lqm) @= gi6 xg . gf;f] gf) [;+) Gof;] rflxPsf a]nfdf lkmtf{ ln
g] uL s;}nfO{ ljZjf;k"j{s fVg lbOPsf] j:t wf}6L wf]6 . gfl:t lj) af]) [;+)] != lans
Psf] jf 5}g eGg] aemfpg] zAb (pbf) ltdL ;Fu xf]nf, cfgf] t s]xL klg gfl:t) . lj)
@= gePsf] cefj ePsf] . gfl:ts lj) [;+)] != O{Zj, b]jtf, knf]s, kgh{Gd cflbsf] cl:tT
j gdfGg] knf]s 5}g eGg] . @= j}lbs wd{df ljZjf; gfVg] j]bnfO{ gdfGg] jf j]bsf] lgGbf
ug]{ . gfl:tstf gf) [;+)] != gfl:ts xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= O{Zj, knf]s, kgh{Gd
cflb gdfGg] dt jf l;4fGt . jfbL gf) gfl:ts bz{gsf] cgofoL . gfl:tsTj gf) [;+)] g
fl:tstf . gfl:ts bz{g gf) [;+)] gfl:ts kdf lnOg] sg} Ps bz{g (rfjf{s, ;f\Vo, af}4, h
}g, GfTds ef}ltsjfb O)) . gfl:tjfb gf) [;+)] gfl:tstfjfb . gf:kftL gf) [kmf) gfzkftL
] nx] kLknsf h:tf af]6 kft xg,] ;]tf k"mn kmNg], :ofpsf em}F bfgf kmNg] Ps k|l;
4 j[If jf To;sf] kmn gf;kftL . gf:o lj) [;+)] gfssf] gfs;DaGwL gfsaf6 pTkGg xg] (f]u
cflb) . gfxs lqm) lj) [c) gfxs] sg} k|of]hgljgf a]dtnj lagl;lQ Joy}{ cgfxs . gflx
f]) [;+) glx] cefj, c:jLs[lt jf a]dGh'L a'emfpg] zAb gfOF . gfx' gf) [;+) c0or > k|f)
c00c] lxdfndf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] h
\unL e]8f] . lg! pk) [;+)] zAbsf] clulNt nfu] ljz]if
a'emfpg] pk;u{ Ps k|sfsf] k"j; { u{ (h:tf] lgkft, lgu|x, lgb]z { O)) . lg@ lgkf) [;
+) gkg > k|f) 7fp0f] cfgf] :jtGq cy{ geP jfSo jf zAbsf] cy{nfO{ g} hf] lbg jf k|Zg
, lj:do cflb hgfpg zAb jf jfSosf] k|foM kl5lNt k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] cJoo (pbf) 7Ls
} 5 lg, of] s]xf] lg < cfDd} lg O) . lgM pk) [;+)] lg;\pk;u{sf] pmidj0f{ (z if ;),
c3f]if kj0f{ (k km), c3f]if rj0f{ (r 5), c3f]if sj0f{ (s v) eGbf klxn] cfpFbfsf
] j}slNks k lg;\ . Ifq lj) != Ifqe\u . @= IflqoljxLg (pbf) e[usnsf kzfdn] o; k[
cg]sf}F kN6 lgMIfq tNofP) . z\s lj) !=

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgsDdflgsf]l;{ lgs6 ;Ltf g} 7xllG5g\) . lqm) lj) $= ;dLkdf glhs} . (pbf) ltdL d]} lgs
6 5f}) . gf) %= glhssf] l:ylt jf glhs xgfsf] cj:yf jf kll:ylt ;fdLKo . td lj) Hofb
} glhssf] ;aeGbf glhssf] . tf gf) lgs6 xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;fdLKo . jtL{ lj) lgs6
f glhsdf x]sf] cf;kf;df ePsf] glhssf] 5]p5fpsf] ;dLksf] ;dLkjtL{ . :y lj) lgs6jtL{
sDdf lj) [;+) lgisd{] gfnfos a]sDdf . lgs gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf j:txsf] ;d"x ;d
. @= j:t jf j:txsf] ;l~rt flz ykf | ] . #= sg} Ps j:t jf j:tx clws dfqfdf ePsf]
7fpF lglw sf]z . lgsn gf) [c\) lgs]n] != df]nDdf ubf{ jf wftdf vfbsf] ld>0f ubf{ k
|of]u ulg] rfFbLem}F ;]tf] Ps wft . @= cd]lsfdf kfFr ;]G6afa d"Nosf] Ps db|f . lgs
iflgsiff]kn gf) [;+)] != c;n, sd;n 5fpg ;grfFbL cflb wft 3f]6] x]g]{ 9\uf] s;L .
xltofdf ;fg nufpg k|of]u ulg] 9\uf] ;fg9\uf] . lgsfgGb gf) [lgsf] cfgGb] != sg} b
kL gePsf] cj:yf cfgGb ;Grf] . lj) @= bMv, kL gePsf] ljgafwf gePsf] lglj{Wg . lgsfo
[;+)] != ;d"x ;dbfo . @= ;dbfocGtu{tsf] Ps v08 PsfO . #= jf;:yfg . $= zL . %= lgzf
gf nIo . ^= sg} ;+:yf jf ;bg . lgsfn\g ;) lqm) [lgisf;g g] != leq ePsf] sg} j:t afl
lemSg jf cGoq st} k7fpg . @= sg} JolQmnfO{ sg} b]z, 7fpF, sfdsfh cflbaf6 x6fpg
. #= al;x]sf] b]z, 7fpF cflbaf6 nv]6\g wkfpg . $= ylgPsf] jf f]lsPsf] sg} JolQm j
f j:tnfO{ 56fpg aGwgaf6 dQm kfg{ . %= nlsx]sf] j:tnfO{ aflx k|s6 ug{ k|sfzdf
Nofpg . ^= cn] kQf gnufPsf] sf] jf j:t kQf nufpg sg} gofF sf] jf j:tsf] cfljisf
{ . &= kmtL{, 9fFrf cflb lemSg . *= sg} kbfy{df af jf afGsL lgsfNg . lgsfnf gf)
[lgsfn\ cf] != s;}nfO{ p;sf] OR5flj?4 al;x]sf] b]z, 7fpF, sfdsfh cflbaf6 lgsfNg] s
fd lgsfnfjf; lgisf;g . @= sg} 7fpFaf6 s;}nfO{ nv]6\g] sfd wkfpg] sfd . lgsfnfO gf) [l
gsfn\ ( cfO)] lgsfNg] lqmofk|lqmof . lgsfnfaf; gf) [lgsfnf af;] s;}nfO{ sg} b]z, 7fpF,
sfdsfh cflbaf6 lgsfNg] sfd lgsfnf . lgsflng s) lqm) [lgsfn\ O g] lgSng] kflg . lgsf
;\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgisf; g] != cK7ff]df km;]sf] sg} JolQm jf j:tnfO{ To;af6 dQm uf
. @= bMvdf k]sf] JolQmnfO{ To;af6 aflx lgsfNg psf:g . #= lgsf;
684

vf]Ng lgsfNg . $= lgsf;f ufpg . > lgsf; gf) != aflxaf6 leq k:g] leqaf6 aflx lgSng
7fpF . @= ufpF jf ;xsf] aflxL vnf hldg ;fj{hlgs hldg uf}rg . #= gfnsf] jf kmf]xf]
f ePsf] kfgL lg:sg] 7fpF 9n . $= art psf; . %= dfu{ af6f] dfWod . lgsf;f gf) != ;sf
sf] cfj]bgpk nufOg] ;sffTds tf]s . @= sg} j:t aflx k7fpg] sfd lgsf;L . #= sd jf clws
f] dflyNnf txaf6 tNnf txnfO{ lbOPsf] :jLs[lt . lgsf;fO gf) lgsf:g] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . lgsf;fksf;f gf) lgsf;f, cfb]z cflb . lgsfl;g s) lqm) lgsfl;g] kflg . lgsf;L g
f) [;+) lgisf; O{] != sg} j:t :jb]zaf6 ljb]z k7fpg] sfd . @= lgsf;fsf] cfb]z . #=
ns] a;]sf] jf f]lsOx]sf] sg} j:tnfO{ lgsfNg] jf aflx k7fpg] sfd . stf{ gf) sg} d
fg jf cGo sg} sfsf] lgsf;L ug]{ JolQm . ~ lksf;L gf) x]) lgsf;Lksf;L . ~ ksf;L gf)
lgsf;f ug]{ jf ufpg] sfd lgsf;Lsf] cfb]z lbg] jf lng] sfd . ~ khL{ gf) Ps 7fpFaf6
csf]{ 7fpFdf dfn;fdfg lgsf;L ug]{ cfb]zkq lgsf;Lsf lglDt lbOPsf] khL{ . ~ k}7fL gf
) Jofkfls d"Nosf dfn;fdfg cfgf] b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf k7fpg] csf]{ b]zaf6 cfgf] b]zdf
lemsfpg] sfd lgsf;L k}7fL cfoftlgof{t . lgs~h gf) [;+)] != nxfx afSnf] vx ePs
= ntfd08k ntfu[x . #= af]6la?jf, hgfj cflb . jGo ;Dkbfsf] ;Iffsf p2]Zon] lgdf{0f ulP
sf] :yn cfIf0f . lgsl~hsf gf) [;+)] ;fgf] lgs~h . lgs[i6 lj) [;+)] != ;fdfGo l:ylteG
bf Hofb} tn lu]sf] Psbd} tNnf] txsf] . @= gLr k|j[lQsf] gLr cwd tR5 x]o . tf gf)
6 xgfsf] u0f jf efj gLrtf tR5tf xLgtf . lgs]tlgs]tg gf) [;+)] 3 jf;:yfg lgjf; .
j) [lgsf] P]] != k|z:t dfqfdf ePsf] w]} k|z:t dgUu] . @= cffd} ;Gr} . lqm) lj) #= w]
|z:t dfqfdf v"a} k|z:t} . lgsf] lj) [kmf) g]s cf]] != fd|f] afgLa]xf]f ePsf] c;n rfnr
jf al9of :jefjsf] hftL a]; . @= dg k]sf] ?lrs dgkg]{ . #= yfs]sf] rfpL k]sf] (3fp
$= hftL ePsf] (f]u cflb) . gf) %= ;Aa]kmfKk] szn d\un If]dszn . lgsf]l;{ lqm) lj)
lbgb]lv uGtL ulPsf] xf] To;nfO{ ;d]t lnP To;kl5 cfpg] rf}yf] lbg kl;{sf] ef]lnkN6s
f] lbg lgkl;{ .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
685

lgSv/lgSv/flgud ;DklQ l;4fpg w"nf] klg z]if gfvL vtd kfg{ v\uf kfg{ . @= lgyfg{
vf gf) [;+) lgisf;\ 6] lgv||], lgy|] jf lyu|] afFsL x]sf] j:t lgyf lyu|]gL . lgvf
f\ ( cfO)] lgvfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] lgvflg s) lqm) lgv|g] tNofOg . lglvQ] gf
) [;+) lglif4] != sg} ljz]if cgi7fgsf lglDt sg} cfr0fsf] klTofu . @= lgif]w . lglvn
lj) [;+)] ;Dk"0f{ ;ff hDd} clvn . lgv6 lj) [lg vf]6] vf]6 jf bf]if gePsf] lgbf]{if
lgvgL lj) [lg vgL] vgL gePsf] sg} vgvf]6 gnfu]sf] lgbf]{if a]bfu . lgv lj) [l
sg} lsl;dsf] bfu gePsf] lgSv/ . @= Pp6f df csf]{ gldl;Psf] lgvf lgSv Ps5fF6f .
[;+) lg Iff}s] != r}tlt rNg] tftf] xfjfsf k|efjn] emfkftx k"0f{ kn] ;s]sf] cj:yf kt
. (pbf) of] kfn clxn] vr{ guL lgvsf{sf nflu ;fFRgk5{) . @= pgfpnf] knfpgeGbf kl
xn]sf] u|Lidt{ . lgvNsg c) lqm) [;+) lg vsg { ] cnfO{ dg gkg]{ uL OQlg dflQg
 kmls{g lgkmNsg g]lk|g . >lgvNsfO gf) lgvNsg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . lgvlNsg
 c) lqm) != lgvNsg . lgvNSofO gf) lgvNsfO . lgvNSofOg s) lqm) lgvlNsg] kflg
. lgvNSofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) lgvlNsg] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . lgvNSofx6 gf) lgv
Nsfx6 . lgv|g  c) lqm) [;+) lgIf0f] != ePsf] rLhaLh, ;DklQ cflb ;dfKt xg clncln
u] ePesf] ;lsg afFsL gxg llQg l;l4g . @= kmf]xf]d}nf gePsf] xg :jR5 xg .
lgv|g] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . lgv|fOg s) lqm) lgv|g] kflg jf lgvflg . lgv|fpg k|
) ] lqm);) lqm) ;dfKt ug{ lTofpg lgvfg{ . lgv|fx6 s) lqm) lgv|fO . lglv|g s) lqm)
!= lgv|g] kflg lgvflg . c) lqm) @ ;dfKt xg . lgVnfd gf) [lg unf] cfd] != s]xL klg g
fP a:gkg]{ l:ylt jf wd{, ;Tofu|x cflbsf] nflu ulg] k"0f{ lgfxf lgvnfd . lj) @= To;L
f]sf] ePsf] (JolQm, l:ylt, j|t O)) . #= k"0f{ ef]sf] . lqm) lj) $= To;L ef]sf] x] (
pbf) p;n] lgVnfd ;ff /ft sf6f]) . lgVn} lj) [lg unf] O{] != lg:t} unf]af6 gl5g]{ . lqm
j) @= lg:tf] lsl;dn] . lgu8 gf) [;+)] != xfQL afFWg] l;qmL . @= s}bLsf uf]8fdf nu
fOg] Ps lsl;dsf] kmnfd] s8f g]n . lgud gf) [;+)] != j]b jf j]bsf] sg} c+z . @= af6f
] dfu{ .

lgSvlgSvf lj) [;+) lgMIff] != c sg} sf gldl;Psf] c jf hft gePsf] rf]vf] z4
bfu gePsf] lgvf lgv . lgSng c) lqm) [;+) lgisfng] != eOx]sf] b]z, 7fpF, ulx]sf]
lbaf6 aflx xg . @= gb]lvPsf] jf ns] a;]sf] j:t aflx cfpg lg:sg b]vf kg{ . #= c
K7ff] kf ug{ . $= aGwgaf6 dQm xg . %= pTkGg xg k}bf xg pd|g . >lgSnfO gf) lg
ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lglSng c) lqm) x]) lgSng . lglIfKt lj) [;+) lgMlIfKt] !=
kmflnPsf] ofFlsPsf] ldNsfOPsf] . @= wf]6 flvPsf] . #= Aof\s cflbdf hDdf ulPsf] . lgI
gf) [;+) lgMIf]k] != sg} j:tnfO{ ofFSg] sfd ldNsfpg] sfd . @= sg} j:tnfO{ st} fVg]
sfd yGSofO . #= rflxPsf] a]nfdf lkmtf{ lng] uL ljZjf;k"js { s;}nfO{ sg} j:t fVg lbg
] sfd wf]6 gf;f] . $= cfly{s sff]af ug]{ sg} ;+:yfsf] ;]o jf lx:;f lsg] k};f xfNg]
fgL . %= Aof\ssf] vftfdf hDdf ulg] sd jf wg . >lgIf]ks lj) != sg} j:tnfO{ ofFSg] jf
mfNg] ldNsfpg] . @= sg} j:tnfO{ hDdf fVg] wf}6L fVg] . #= cfly{s sff]af ug]{ sg}
;]o lsGg] . gf) $= lgIf]k ug]{ ;fwg jf JolQm . lgIf]k0f gf) lgIf]k ug]{ sfo{ jf k
|0ffnL . lgIf]lkt lj) lgIf]k ulPsf] . lgIf]kL lj)gf) lgIf]ks . lgIf]Ktf lj)gf) lgIf]k
. lgS;fL gf) [lgsf;f] != lgsf;f ug]{ sfd . @= f0ff zf;gsfndf laGtLkq jf phLsf] lgs
f;f lbg] c8\8f jf kmfF6 . lgvlgv6\6 lj) [;+) lgs[i6] != vfa afgLa]xf]fn] ubf{ st} l6
Sg jf s;}l;t ldNg g;s]sf] . @= sg} sfdsfh gePsf] lgsDdf a]sDdf . #= cefju|:t . gf)
$= vfFrf] cefj . lgvg\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgliqmo g] aGwsL, wf}6L jf lwtf] flvPsf] sg} j
, 3hUuf cflb ?lkofF lt] lkmtf{ lng . >lgvgfO gf) lgvGg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . lgvgf
Og s) lqm) lgvGg nfOg . lgvgfpg k|) ] lqm) lgvGg nufpg . lgvlgg s) lqm) aGwsL,
lwtf] jf wf}6L flvPsf] sg} j:t, 3hUuf cflb ?lkofF lt] lkmtf{ lnOg . lgv/ lj)x])
. lgvnfd gf)lj)x]) lgVnfd . lgvj{ gf) [;+)] != b; xhf sf]8sf] ;\Vof ;o casf] ;\Vo
@= b; xhf sf]8 ;o ca . gf) #= afpGg] k8\s] . lgvf\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgIff0f g] !=
haLh jf

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgu/fgLlghfdtL #= ahf xf6 . $= ;sfL lgod sfggcg;f rNg] uL dfGotfk|fKt :jtGq cl:tTj
sf] ;xsfL ;+:yf . %= ;\3 . s gf) sg} lgudn] cfgftkm{af6 nufPsf] s . >lgudg gf) ul
ef}lts zf:qsf ;"qsf] ;dlrt lgfs0f . ~ ;lrj gf) sg} lgudsf] ;lrj . lguldt lj) lgudsf
df kl0ft ePsf] lgudsf] k lbOPsf] . lgufgL gf) [kmf)] sg} JolQm jf j:t glalu|of];,\ g
fl;of];\ jf cff hyfefjL gxf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] ]vb]v ug]{ sfd x]ljrf lgLIf0f ]vb]v
gvf] 5fg]sf] hfF8 rxfPsf] hfF8 . lgufn] lj) [lgufnf] P] != lgufnf];DaGwL lgufnfsf] .
@= lgufnf]h:tf] . ~ pv gf) Ps k|sfsf] emLgf] pv . ~ lrtjf gf) ;fgf] hftsf] lrtj
f rLaf3 . ~ emfk|f] gf) lgufnfsf] h:tf] kft x'g] Ps k|sfsf] h
\unL 3fF; . lgufnf] gf)
d, gnL cflb agfOg], k|foM n]sdf x'g] Ps hftsf] dl;g' afF; z . lgufx gf) [kmf)] != b
'MvLblb|L JolQmsf pk ulg] s[kf bof . @= bofb[li6 d]xafgL . lguf] gf)x]) lgx/f] .
j) [;+)] != dl:snn] dfq hfGg ;lsg] x:ok"0f{ clt uKt . gf) @= h\unL duL . >lgu"9fy
{ lj) cy{ :ki6 gePsf] cy{ ns]sf] . lgu[xLt lj) [;+)] != ckfwsf] cfz\sfdf jf cGo sg}
f0fn] ;dfltPsf] klqmPsf] kqmfp k]sf] . @= 3]lPsf] . #= kLl8t bl08t . lgu|x gf) [;+)]
dg, OlGb|o cflbnfO{ 5f8f xg glbP cfgf] jzdf fVg] sfd f]Sg] sfd lgoGq0f f]s . @= p
n sfdsf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lbOg] b08 jf ;hfo oftgf kL8f . #= bfg lbOPsf] j:t lkmtf{ lnF
bf lbOg] d"No . > lgu|x0f gf) != f]Sg] sfd f]s cjf]w . @= b08 ;hfo . ~ :yfg gf) jfb
jf zf:qfy{df c;\ut sf] lemsL lhTg vf]Hg]nfO{ d"v{ ;flat uL rk nfUg jfWo ufpg] :yfg .
lgu|xL lj) lgu|x ug]{ bdgstf{ . lgu|f] gf) [;+) lgClts] clk|msfdf xg] sfnf] 5fnf eP
sf] Ps hflt xA;L . lg306 gf) [;+)] != ;+:s[t efiffsf] zAbsf kof{oxsf] ;\u|x ePsf] k
|frLg sf]z . @= j}lbs zAbsf]z . #= zAbsf]z . lgr\g ;) lqm) [lgrf] g] x]) lgrf]g{ .
>lgrfO gf) x]) lgrf]fO . lgrfOg s) lqm) lgrf]fOg . lgrfpg k|]) lqm) lgrf]fpg .
j) [;+) gLr] != ck]Iffs[t tn x]sf] xf]rf] ulxf] . @= tR5 rTyf] .
686

lgrf]8 gf) ;ff+z lgisif{ . lgrf]\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgRotg] != xftn] jf cGo sg} ;fwgn]
Ol{ taf6 Rofk] jf cF7fP sg} j:tsf] ; rlxg] uL lgsfNg . @= a];L lyRg . #= ePhlt
emSg lgyfg{ . $= s g } h l Qma l 4n] csf{ s f] dgsf] s f lng . %= df8\g ldRg
> lgrf] gf) != sg} j:t jf sfsf] ;f ;ff+z . @= ljrf jf ljj]rgfaf6 cflvdf lgSn]sf
gisif{ lgwf] lgs]j { n . #= sg} sfdsf] clGtd kl0ffd cflv cGTo . $= vf]Onfaf6 ; lgsf
fd . lgrf]fO gf) lgrf]g{] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lgrf]fOg s) lqm) lgrf]lg] kflg . lgrf]
g k|) ] lqm) lgrf]g{ nufpg lgrf]lg] kfg{ . lgrf]fx6 gf) lgrf]fO . lgrf]lg s) lq
rf]fOsf] kfq xg . lgrf]gfrf] gf) ;a}ltaf6 lgrf]g{] sfd fd|L rf}ltsf] ;fj:t e
{] k|lqmof . lgrf]ofO gf) lgrf]lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lgrf]ofx6 gf) lgrf]ofO . lg5f]
[;+) lgM;i7] z4 af]nL gaf]Ng] c;Eo . lg5fO gf) [ lg5fp ( cfO)] lg5fpg] lqmofk|lqm
of . [> ] lg5fOg s) lqm) lg5fpg] kflg . lg5fOnf] lj) kfnfUbf] cN5LnfUbf] . lg5fpg
qm) [;+) gLr ofp g] != sg} sfdsf]nfO{ dxj glbO{ pk]Iff ug{ . c) lqm) @= gLr dfg{ .
ugk { g]{ sg} sfdsf]nfO{ uF ls guFh:tf] u] 6fg{ cN5L ug{ . $= l9nfpg . >lg5fx6
fO . lg5f]6\g ;) lqm) [lg 5f]6\ g] != sg} j:t jf sfnfO{ s]nfpg . @= x]g{ . #= lgk
 . $= dfg . >lg5f]6fO gf) lg5f]6g \ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lg5f]6fOg s) lqm)
lg5f]6g \ nfOg . lg5f]6fpg k|) ] lqm) lg5f]6g \ nfpg . lg5f]6fx6 gf) lg5f]6fO .
lg5f]l6g s) lqm) lg5f]6g \ ] sfd ulg . lg5fd gf) [;+) lgMzfd] != sg} lsl;dsf] zAb
gePsf] cj:yf jf a]nf lg:tAwtf ;Ggf6f ;g;fg . @= lbgsf] aLrsf] ;do dWofXg . lgh ;j{)
[;+)] != vf; cfk}m cfk"m, :jod\ . @= ;f] P]hg . lj) #= cfgf] . $= kmnfg . %= pQm ;f
] . >lghf lj) cfg} lghL :jsLo JolQmut . lghfTds lj) [;+)] cfgf efjgf ljrfsf] :jtG
lQm ePsf] :jod\sf] JolQmTj;Fu g} a9L ;DalGwt ePsf] cfTdks JolQmlgi7 . tf gf) lghfTd
xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf . ~ lgaGw gf) cfTdks lgaGw . ~ z}nL gf) n]vfOsf] efjgfd
"ns z}nL . lghfdtL gf) [c) lghfdt O{ ] != fHok| z f;gsf] h\uLafx]ssf k|zf;sLo cbfntL
;a} zfvf . lj) @= k|zf;g;DaGwL lbjfgL cbfnt;DaGwL (sd{rfL, c8\8f cflb) . ~ ;]jf gf
) g]kfn ;sfsf] ;}lgs k|xL;]jfafx]s

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
687

lghfotlgbz{ xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf lgGttf . @= cljgflztf zfZjttf . ~ bfg gf) k|To]s lbg
Ps} ljlwsf ;fydf ulg] bfg . k|lt lqm) lj) k|ltlbg lbgxF ;w}F . ~ o1 gf) ;w}F ulg]
. zM lqm) lj) ;w}Fel ;w}F . ~ ;lGw gf) j}slNks kdf gxg] ;lGw xg] gxg] ljsNk ge
;lGw . ~ ;+1f gf) != ;w}F Pp6} lxxg] ;+1f :yfoL kdf lxxg] ;+1f . @= cljgfzL gfd . >l
fgGb gf) != cljn kdf eOxg] cfgGb . @= eujfg\ . lj) #= ;w}F cfgGbk"j{s xg] ;bfgGb . lg
]gL gf) [;+) lg:qf0f] w]} lxF8\bf, sg} cK7ff] sfd ubf{ jf nfdf] ;do;Dd sfd ubf{sf] kl
dn] xg] zfLls lzlyntf zfLls Unflg ysfj6 . > lgofGg lqm) lj) ysfOn] zL lzlyn eP
g] lsl;dn] . lgyfrlgyfr"0f{ lqm) lj) [lgyfr"0f{] k"} leHg] uL lgyS | s ;tr"0f{ . l
 ;) lqm) [lgyf g] != kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ flvPsf] jf ePsf] 7fpFaf6 gl;l4P;Dd rxfpg j
f aufpg kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ clncln u] rxfpFb} jf aufpFb} l;4fpg . @= sg} klg sf]
4fpg . > lgyf gf) != rlxP jf au] afFsL x]sf] j:t lgy|] afFsL x]sf] j:t . @= cj
lgyflkyf gf) au], rlxP jf lgy|] afFsL x]sf] j:t cjz]if . lgyffO gf) lgyfg]{ jf
qmofk|lqmof . lgyflg s) lqm) lgyfg]{ sfd ulg lgy|fOg . lgy|g c) lqm) [lgy| g] !
L cflb tn kbfy{ la:tf} la:tf} ePhlt hDd} rxg jf aUg . @= kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ clncl
u] aUb} l;l4g . #= ;dfKt xg z]if gxg . > lgy|fO gf) lgy|g] lsl;d lqmof jf efj .
gy|fOg s) lqm) lgy|g] kflg . lgy|fOnf] lj) lgy|g] :jefjsf] . lgy|fpg ;) lqm)k|) ]
lqm) lgyfg{ jf lgy|g] kfg{ . lgy|fx6 gf) lgy|fO . lgly|g c) lqm) != lgy|s ] f]
xf]Og lgyflg . @= lgy|g . lgyS | s lqm) lj) [c) d") lgys | \ s] kfgL jf kl;gfn
] ;Dk"0f{ zL a];L leHg] uL emLdf a];L ?g] lsl;dn] lgyfr"0f{ . lgy|g ] L gf) [lgy|
jf lyu|]/ afFsL x]sf] lyu|]gL lgyf . lgYo|fO gf) [ lgly| ( ofO)] lgly|g] lqmof jf k|lq
of . [> ] lgYo|fOg s) lqm) lgy|fOg lgyflg . lgYo|fpg k|) ] lqm) lgyfg{ . lgYo|f
x6 gf) lgYo|fO . lgbz{ gf) [;+)] sg} j:t jf sfsf] cGj]if0f, kLIf0f ubf{ d"n jf ;du|t
sf] fd|f; ] u F k|ltlglwTj ug]{ s]xL c+z . > lgbz{s lj) sg} j:t jf sfnfO{ b]vfpg] k|
z{s .

;a} dGqfno ;a} ljefucGtu{tsf] ;]jf g]kfn ;sfsf h\uLafx]ssf k|zf;sLo ljleGg zfvfk|zfv
;Fu ;DalGwt ;]jf . ~ ;]jf lgodfjnL gf) lghfdtL ;]jf;DaGwL lgodfjnL h\uLk|xLafx]s cGo
sd{rfL;DaGwL lgodfjnL . lghfot gf) [;+) lgh cfot] != vf; cfgf] sfd lghL sfd cfk"mtkm{s
] sfd 3fo; . @= 3Jojxf . > lghfotL lj) cfg} 3Jojxf;DaGwL 3fo;L 3]n lghL . lgh
!= c s;};Fu ;DaGw geO{ cfk"m;Fu dfq ;DaGw ePsf] cfgf] . @= sg} Ps ju{ jf JolQml;t d
fq ;DalGwt JolQmut . #= cfgf] dfq xssf] jf xs ef]u]sf] . ~ pBf]u gf) JolQmljz]ifsf]
cwLgdf xL ;~rfng ulg] pBf]u . ~ If]q gf) ;sfL lgoGq0fdf gx]sf] :jtGq cy{tGq . ~ Joj;
oL lj) cfg} pBf]uwGbfdf nfu]sf] JolQmut kdf Joj;fo ug]{ . ~ ;xfos gf) ljlzi6 clwsfL j
ljlzi6 JolQmsf cwLgdf xL To:tf] clwsfL jf JolQmnfO{ lghsf] sfddf ;xfotf kofpg] Jo
lQm . lgh lqm) lj) [;+) lgTo] != xxd];f xd];f ;w}F lgTo lgd . lj) @= pkl:yt xflh .
] lj) [lg hf]] sdhf] lgwf]{ . lgf lj) != Ps\u] Ps5fofF . @= sf]f . (pbf) pm lg
s;] . lg} lqm) lj) [k|f) l0fk O < ;+) lgj[Q] clnslt klg yf]} klg lgld6fGg . lg7l
lgi7 O{] bofdfof gePsf] lgi7 q"m . > lg7ofO gf) lg7' x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf lgi
[;+) lg8] dgdf 8 gePsf] s;}sf] eo gdfGg] sf]xLb]lv g8/fpg] ;"f] z" lge{o . lgt
+) lgTo] lgTo ;w}F . lgtDa gf) [;+)] sDddlgsf] k[i7 efu lkmnf] k'f rfs . s; gf) r
Ss sl;g] uL nufOg] n'uf jf To:tf] klxg . ~ laDa gf) af6'nf] rfs . > lgtDafl:y gf) lg
tDa jf lkmnfsf] xf8 k'fsf] xf8 . lgtlDagL gf) != 7"nf] cfsif{s lgtDa ePsL :qL . @=
t?gL fd|L cfOdfO{ . #= :qL cfOdfO{ . lj) $= 7"nf] lgtDa x'g] rfs] (:qL) . lgtDaL lj)
7"nf] lgtDa x'g] rfs] (k'?if) . lgtfGt lqm) lj) [;+)] != Psbd lansn . @= cToGt ;j{yf
. lj) #= k"/} . lgTo lqm) lj) [;+)] != slxNo} glafO{sg c6'6 kdf nuftf ;w}F lgGt
k|ltlbg . lj) @= slxNo} gfz gx'g] ;w}F lxxg] cljgfzL . ~ sd{s[Tolqmof gf) lbglbg} ul
fd k|ltlbgsf] sfd b}lgs sd{ (zf}r, :gfg, k"hfkf7 cflb b}lgs lqmof) . tfTj gf) != lgT
o

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65

lgbfOlgGbf] rrf]{ lgbz{g gf) != sg} j:t' jf sf b]vfpg] sfd sg} j:t' jf sfnfO{ cf}N
] sfd . @= pbfx0f pkdf b[i6fGt . lgbz{gf gf) b'O{ jfSosf] cy{df cGt x'b F fx'b F } kl
g pkdfff ltgLxsf ;DaGwsf] sNkgf ubf{ ;flxTodf x'g] Ps cyf{n
\sf . lgbfO gf) [ lgbfp (
] lgbfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] lgbfOg' s) lqm) lgb|fdf klg' ;'ltg' . lgbfOn
f] lj) lgb|fdf kfnf{h:tf] ;'t"F;t"F xg] . lgbfpg c) lqm) [;+) lgb|f cfp g] != k|f0
f hLljt cj:yfdf xg] clwsf+z r]tgfj[lQ f]lsP lgZr]i6 eO{ zfLls, dfgl;s cflb lj>flGt
kfpg lgb|fdf kg{ ;Tg . @= xftuf]8fdf Qm;~rf aGb eO{ emdemdfpg . >lgbfpf] lj) !=
f]s, Kof;, ysfO jf dfgl;s lrGtfn] dlng cFWoff] lzlyn . @= lgb|ft . lgbfg gf) [;+)] !
= sg} sfo{sf] cflb sf0f k|dv sf0f dVo x]t . @= 8fS6, j}B cflbff f]uLsf] f]u v
sf] f]usf] lg0f{o . #= sg} sfsf] clGtd lgisif{ kl0ffd lgrf] cflv . $= z4tf . ~ s
vfpg] sfd . z]if;]s lqm) lj) cGTodf e]kGtdf . ;]sdf lqm) lj) e]kGtdf . lg
f/ . lgbfn gf) 3sf blngx c8fpgfsf lglDt uffsf aLrdf jfkf flvg] sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] ;
x c8fpg] sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] ;fwg . lgbL gf) [gLb pL] != lgbfOxg] :jf:gLdfG5] . @= (b
syfdf) gLb lgbnL lgbL . lgbnL gf) [;+) lgb|f pnL] (nf]ssfJo, afnaf]nL cflbdf) lgb|f
gbL lgbL . lgb]z gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] dflg;n] cfk"meGbf ;fgf dflg;nfO{ lbg] cfb]z cf1f
. @= syg plQm . #= ;fdLKo . lgb|f gf) [;+)] != ;ts ] f] jf sfd gePsf] a]nfdf zL lz
lyn eO{ s]xL sfn r]t xfpg] k|lqmof jf u0f . @= To;L r]t xfPsf] cj:yf lgb|fj:yf gLb :
Kg ;kgf . > lgb|fn lj) != w]} a];Dd lgbfOxg], a9L lgbfpg] ;tfxf . @= cfFvfdf lgb|f
Psf] lgb|fn] u|:t . #= lgb|fdf kfg]{ vfnsf] . $= dfbs . lglb|sf gf) dfgl;s tgfpnfO
{ d]6 ] , hfu|t\ cj:yfsf] r]tgfj[lQnfO{ lgnlDat kf] lgb|f nufOlbg] cf}ifwL . lglb|t
lj) lgbfPsf] ;ts ] f] . lgwg gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf] zL ;bfsf] lglDt r]tgfxLg eO{ nf
; xg] k|fs[lts lgod d0f d[To . @= cGt ;dflKt . lj) #= wg gePsf] lgw{g bMvL blb|
qmof gf) d]kl5sf] sfhlslof lslofsfi6f cGTo]li6 lqmof . lgwf gf) [k|f) lgnf8 < ;+) l
!= cfFvLeOb F{ l] v dfly skfn;Ddsf] cjoj nnf6 efn lgbf/ . @= vKk kk{f] rfFbf] .
efUo .
688

lglw gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t w]} dfqfdf ePsf] 7fpF sg} j:t ;l~rt eP x]sf] 7fpF vflg
uKt kdf x]sf] wg u8]sf] wg uf8wg . #= sa ] sf gf} e08f jf vflg (kb\d, dxfkb\d, z\v
sR5k, dsG b, sGb, gLn va{) . $= ;db| . lglwg c) lqm) [lgwf] O g] lgwf] xg 6
Ug . lglwgL gf) [lgwf] OgL] sYo) lglbgL . != agemfFqmL eGg] x:odo hfltsL :qL :qL age
mfFqmL agemFlqmgL . @= wldgL . ~ u?df gf) != emfFqmLljBf l;sfpg] Ps cg>l  tut a
gemFlqmgL . @= af]S;L . lglwklt gf) [;+)] != sa] . @= vfgLsf] dflns . lgwf] gf) [;+)
lgGbf cf]] != clGtd lg0f{o kSsfkSsL lgZro . @= vf]h] kQf nufpg] sfo{ 6\uf] vf]hLlgt
lgWofO gf) [ lgWofp ( cfO)] lgWofpg] sfd jf lsl;d . [> ] lgWofOg s) lqm) lgwf] ulg
\uf] nufOg . lgWofOnf] lj) != lgwf] nfUnfh:tf] . @= lgwf] ug{ jf nufpg nfos . lg
Wofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [lgwf] ofp g] lgwf] ug{ lgwf] nufpg . lggfb gf) [;+)] Wjlg
fh . >lggflbt lj) zAb lg:s]sf] lggfb ePsf] Wjlgt . lggfbL lj) Wjlg lgsfNg] xNnf ug]{
Hg] . lggL! gf) [;+) lgb|f] != afnaf]nLdf ;Tg] lqmof aemfpg] zAb ;Tg] sfd ;tfO l
gb|f gg lrpF . lj) af]) @= afnsxnfO{ ;tfpFbf elgg] zAb . lggL@ gf) [;+) glGbgL] u
fO{sf ;;fgf af5faf5LnfO{ Koff] u] elgg] zAb . lgg gf) [ef]) a)] lnR5lj zf;gsfndf k|z
f;g ;~rfng ug{ v8f ulPsf] s]Gb|Lo :tsf] sg} Ps c8\8f . lgGbs lj) [;+)] csf{sf] ePgePs
f] bf]ifsf] avfg ug]{ csf{sf] lgGbf ug]{ kf]Ifdf csf{sf] sf sf6\g] . lgGbgLo lj) [;+)
!= lgGbf ugk { g]{ lgGbf ug{ nfos lt:s0fLo . @= P]gsfgg, j+zkDkf nf]sJojxfsf]
dflhs lgod dof{bfsf] lj?4 (cfr0f, Jojxf O)) . lgGbf gf) [;+)] != sg} JolQm jf j:tsf
] vf]6 b]vfpg] sfd csf{sf] ePgePsf] bf]if b]vfpg] sfd kf]Ifdf csf{sf] sf sf6\g] sfd .
@= lt:sf x]nfF 3[0ff cj1f . #= cksLlt{ ckjfb abgfdL . > lgGbfTds lj) s;}sf] lgGbf j
lrt cfnf]rgf u] n]lvPsf] jf elgPsf] lgGbf ePsf] . lglGbt lj) lgGbf ulPsf] bf]if b]vfO
sf] abgfd ePsf] lt:s[t . lgGb gf) [;+)] != d]sf] aRrf hGdfpg] :qL . @= hGdg]lalQs} 5
f]f5f]L dg]{ :qL d[tjT;f . #= 5f]f5f]L hGdg]lalQs} :jod\ dg]{ :qL . lgGbf] rrf] { gf)
[lgGbf rrf{] != csf{sf] gfd|f] afgLa]xf]fsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
689

lgGBlgds hl8g] (h8\g, lemSg ldNg]) wftsf] 6fFsf xf]N8, kmfpG6]gk]g cflbsf] 6F8f]
. lga4 lj) [;+)] != gkml:sg] uL afFlwPsf] fd|L afFlwPsf] a4 . @= plgPsf] . #= n]lvPs
] . $= hl8Psf] . lgaGw gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifonfO{ lnP sNkgfTds jf j:tut kffn] uBdf
n]lvPsf] 5f]6f] ;flxlTos rgf ;flxTosf] Ps uB ljwf . @= fd|f];Fu afFWg] sfd . sf gf)
gaGw n]Vg] n]vs . >lgaGwg gf) != afFWg] sfd aGwg . @= lgaGwsf kdf n]Vg] sfd lgaGwlzNk
. lgaGwfTds lj) [;+)] lgaGwsf kdf ag]sf] lgaGwsf cfsfsf] . tf lgaGwfTds xgfsf] efj
jf l:ylt . lgaf gf) [lg afF;] Ps hftsf] afF; . lgaff] gf) [;+) lgEglj6] 7"n7"nf kft x
g], 8fn] 3fF;sf kdf k|of]udf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] v . lgla8 lj) [;+)] !=3gf cfk] afSnf]
@= sl7g . lgajf gf) [;+) lgDa"s] uf]nf] lsl;dsf] Ps k|sfsf] cldnf] kmn jf To;sf]
sfF8fbf/ j[If . lgA6g c) lqm) [k|f) l0fa] != sg} sfdsf] eg];f]rh ] :tf] uL ;kmn x
] xg tfd]n xg . @= ug{ nfu]sf] sfd sf]af6 km;{b kfpg . >lgA6fO gf) lgA6g] lsl;d
, lqmof jf efj . lgA6fOg s) lqm) lgA6g] kflg . lgA6fpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) lgA6g] k
fg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . lglA6g c) lqm) != lgA6g] xg lgA6g . lgA6fO gf) lglA6g] lqm
ofk|lqmof . lgA6fOg s) lqm) lgA6g] kflg . lgA6fpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) tfd]n ug{ jf
U \ ofpg lgA6fpg . lge\g c) lqm) [;+) lgjf{k g] != alnx]sf] cfuf], aQL cflb aNg 5
]8\g cfuf], aQL cflb dg{ . @= emu8f cflb 6\lug ;dfKt xg . #= t]h 36\g kfqmd ;l
sg lg:t]h xg . $= dg{ > lgefO gf) lgEg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lgefOg s) lqm) lgEg
] tNofOg . lgefpg k|]) lqm);) lqm) lgEg] kfg{ lg:t]h ufpg . lge[t lj) [;+)] != u
Kt kdf flvPsf] uKt . @= elefp ePsf] . #= ;6S  s rkrfk . lgd gf) [;+) lgDa] asfO
f h:tf kft xg], v}f dl;gf k"mn kmNg], lvgL{sf cfsfsf kmn kmNg] kmn, kft, sf7 cfl
b ;a} tLtf xg] Ps hftsf] v . lgds gf) [k|f) gds] != kfgL kgf{;fy kUng] tyf tsfL, bf
n cflbnfO{ :jflbnf] agfpg ldnfOg] glgnf] r"0f{ jf 7f]; kbfy{ gg nj0f . @= ;sf jf d
flns cflbaf6 sdfPsf] bfgfkfgL cfhLljsf gds . ~ xfd lj) hLljsf rnfOlbg] JolQmsf] ;f]e
mf] glrtfpg] lgdssf] ;f]emf] gug]{ lgd]sxfd s[tg . ~ xfdL gf) lgdssf] ;f]emf] gug]{
jf cj:yf . ~ xnfn lj) hLljsf rnfOlbg]sf] cgsn sfd

cgfjZos rrf{ csf{sf] bf]ifsf] cgfjZos vf]hLlgtL kf]Ifdf csf{sf] sf sfl6xg] k|jl[ Q r
rrf{ . @= csf{sf] bf]if avfg ug]{ sfd abVjfOF abgfdL . { g]{ lgGbgLo . lgGB lj) [;+)
] lgGbf ug{ nfos lgGbf ugk lgGb|f gf) [;+) lgb|f] x]) lgb|f . > lgGb|fn lj) lgb|f
n . lgGofpf] lj) [;+) lgb|ft > k|f) l0f2fpf]] x]) lgbfpf] . lgkl;{ lqm) lj) [;+) lg
(6) k:j] kl;{sf] ef]lnkN6 lgsf]kl;{ lgsf]l;{ . lgkft gf) [;+)] != efiffdf vf;vf; efjn
O{ JoQm ug{ :jod\ k|ToIf kn] ;fy{s geP klg jfSosf lgs6jtL{ zAbnfO{ a9L ;fy{s tNo
fpg] zAb (lg, kf], , t cflb) . @= v:g] sfd emg]{ sfd lug]{ sfd cwktg . #= gfz ;vfk .
> lgkftg gf) != dflyaf6 tn v:g] sfd emg]{ sfd lug]{ sfd ktg . @= lk6\g] sfd r6\g] sf
d lk6fO r6fO . #= gfz ug]{ sfd gfz . lgkfltt lj) != dflyaf6 tn emflPsf] v;flnPsf] l
sf] . @= gfz kflPsf] . lgkfg gf) [;+)] != kf]vL . @= sjf . #= b"w bxg] efF8f] . lg
kfg] lj) [lg kfgL P] kfgL gePsf] ;Svf (hldg cflb) . lgk0f lj) [;+)] sg} sfdsfsf] f
g ePsf] sfddf rt l;kfn rnfv szn bIf rlkrG8fn . tf gf) != lgk0f xgfsf] efj
tf . @= rnfvL . lgK6g c) lqm) [k|f) lga0f] x]) lgA6g . >lgK6fO gf) lgA6fO . lgK6fO
g s) lqm) lgK6g] kflg . lgK6fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) lgK6g] kfg{ jf kfg{ nfpg . lg
kmg\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgikjg g] != gf\nfdf xfnL km6\sf] cGg cflbdf ldl;Psf] w"nf], sl;
e"; cflb 5fpg gf\nfn] cGg cflb s]nfpg . @= csf{sf] r]jfrrf{ ug{ csf{sf] sf sf6\g
lgkmggfkmg gf) gf\nfn] km6sf] w"nf], sl;\u, e; cflb 5fpg] sfd lgkmGg] s]nfpg]
kmgfO gf) lgkmGg] lqmof Jf k|lqmof . lgkmgfOg s) lqm) lgkmGg nufOg . lgkmgfpg k|
) ] lqm) lgkmGg nufpg . lgkmlgg s) lqm) != lgkmGg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= lgkmlgP
sf] xf]Og . lgkmgjf lj) != lgkmg]sf] . @= lgkmGg] . lgkm lj) [;+) lga{n] sdhf] lgwf
]{ ba{n . lgkmNsg c) lqm) [;+) lgMzNs] != ar]r9]sf] xg kmls{P s;}nfO{ g6]g{ df
Qg . @= lgvNsg . >lgkmNsfO gf) lgkmNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lgkmlNsg c) lqm)
lgkmNs]sf] xg . lgkmNSofO gf) lgkmlNsg] sfd jf lsl;d . lgkmNSofOg s) lqm)
lgkmlNsg] kflg . lgkmNSofpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) != lgkmlNsg] kfg{ . @= dofpg .
#= vofpg . lgkmNSofx6 gf) lgkmNSofO . lga gf) [c\)] n]Vgsf nflu xf]N8, kmfpG6]gk]
g cflbdf

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgdUglglDt ug]{ lgdssf] ;f]emf] lrtfpg] s[t1 . ~ xnfnL gf) lgdssf] ;f]emf] ug]{ lqmo
f jf efj s[t1tf . lgdUg lj) [;+)] != sg} sfd, Joj;fo jf cWoog cflbdf k"0f{ kn] nfu]s
f] tNnLg tGdo . @= ulxfOdf ku]sf] 8a]sf] dUg .  sL uf]tf . > lgdlHht lgdHhg gf)
kfgLdf dflg] 8aN lj) 8a]sf] . lgd7\g ;) lqm) [lgdf]7 \ g] != sg} j:t hf]n] ;dft
afl6g] uL 3dfpg a6fg{ . @= af]6la?jfsf] dG6f] lgdf]7g \  6fpsf] dsf{pg . #= sk
8f cflb a6f] lgrf]g{ . c) lqm) $= cfGb|f a6flg] uL k]6 bVg kL8f xg . > lgd7fO gf
lgd7\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lgdl7g s) lqm) != lgd7\g] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @=
lgd7fOdf kg{ . lgd7fO gf) lgdl7g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof lgdf]7fO . lgd7fOg s) lqm)
gd7\g nfOg . lgd7fOnf] lj) lgdlPnfh:tf] lgdfO:jfpFbf] . lgd7fpg k|) ] lqm) lgd7\
lgdf]7fpg . lgd7fx6 gf) lgdl7g] efj, cj:yf jf lqmof lgd7fO . lgdg gf) [;+) lgodg] !=
cf}ifwLsf] k|efj cflbn] zfLls f]u sd xFb} uPsf] cj:yf lgsf] ;Grf] . lj) @= c;n a]; .
#= ;kmf z4 rf]vf] . lgdGqs lj) [;+)] != ljjfx jf cGo o:t} pT;jdf af]nfpg] lgDtf] lb
g] lgdGq0ff ug]{ . gf) @= lgDTofpg] JolQm . lgdGq0f gf) [;+)] sg} pT;j cflbdf ;fd]n
xg af]nfpg] sfd lgdGq0ff . ~ kq gf) lgDtf] k7fpg] sf8{ jf lr7L . lgdGq0ff gf) [;+
)] ef]h, ljjfx, pT;j cflb sfo{df sg} JolQmnfO{ lgwf{lt ;do :yfgdf pkl:yt xg ulg] c
gf]w lgDtf] lgdGq0f . ~ kq gf) lgDtf] k7fpg] sf8{ jf lr7L lgdGq0fkq . lgdlGqt lj) [;
)] lgDTofOPsf] af]nfOPsf] lgDtf] ulPsf] . lgdff] gf) [;+) lgDglj6] ltldnf] g]eff] l
]8 . lgld6fGg lj) [;+) lgldgQ (efUo) cGt] != hf] ePsf] ;a} ;lsPsf] k"} ;dfKt . gf) @=
k"0f{ ;dflKt . lgldQ gf) [;+)] != sg} 36gf jf sfo{sf] cflb x]t sf0f . @= pQ]hgf . #
= Wo]o nIo p2]Zo . $= nIf0f k|ltlqmof . %= efUocg;fsf] clGtd kl0ffd . gf) of]) ^= lg
lDt nflu (o;lgldQ, To;lgldQ cflb) . lqm) lj) &= nflu (pbf) pm d]f lgldQ sfd u5{) .
~ sf0f gf) sfo{;u F } gufFl;g] t ;f] sfo{sf nflu cfjZos sf0f (h:t} 38f agfpg] rSsf, s
fn] cflb) . lgldif gf) [;+)] != cfFvf lemDSofpg] k|lqmof kns lgd]if . @= cfFvf lemD
d ubf{ nfUg] ;do If0f ;dosf] Hofb} ;fgf] PsfO . lgdLng gf) [;+)] != k]nf 9Ksfpg] jf
kns emsfpg]
690

sfd cfFvflrDnfO . @= lgldif . #= d0f d[To . lgdLlnt lj) [;+)] != k]nf 9lKsPsf] cfFvf
lrlDnPsf] . @= d]sf] lat]sf] . lgdvflgdvf] lj) [lg dv cfcf]] != c1fg, ws, nfh cflbs
f0fn] df}sfdf af]Ng g;Sg] ;Lwf;fwf . @= czQm lgwf]{ . #= ;fwgxLg zlQmxLg . $= cgfy .
lgd]s gf) [lgds] != gg nj0f . @= kfl/>lds Hofnf dhL . #= d]nf] nu . ~ x/fd gf) lg
/fd . > lgd]sL lj) != kfl/>lds lnP/ sfd ug]{ Hofnfbf/ HofdL . @= lgd]ssf] ;f]emf] u
g]{ OdfGbf/ . lgd]if gf)x]) lgldif . lgdf]7\g ;) lqm) [k|f) lgDdf]80f g] x]) lgd7\g
. lgdf]7gfdf]7 gf) != hxLFtxLFaf6 lgdf]7g \ ] sfd a6fa6  . @= ;;fgf vla?jfsf dgf
f cfFsfnfO{ rF8\g]efFRg] sfd . lgdf]7fO gf) lgd7fO . lgdf]7flgdf]7 gf) != cfk;df Psn
] csf{nfO{ lgdf]7\g] jf cFr]6\g] sfd k:kdf kfvf lgdf]7g \ ] sfd . @= afDaf a6fg]{ jf
efFRg] sfd . lgdf]l7g s) lqm) != lgdf]7fOdf kflg . c) lqm) @= lgdf]7fOdf kg{ .
lgdf]7fO gf) lgd7fO . lgdf]7fOg s) lqm) lgd7fOg . lgdf] 7 fpg k| ] ) lqm) lgd7
lgdf]7fx6 gf) lgdf]7fO . lgdf]lgof gf) [c
\) Go'df]lgofF] 5ftLleq lr;f] k;] kmf]S;f]
gO{ bd Hj cfpg] s8f f]u 7G8L 3';] Hj cfpg] f]uljz]if bUwL . lgDsL gf) [lgdsO{] !
fO{ tof ulPsf] d}bfsf] f]6L jf s6\s] f]6L gdlsg . @= sfutLdf g'g la]g'g d;nf xfnL
nL agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] crf . lgD5f] lj) [;+) lgDg:t] != wg, a'l4, ljBf cflb ;a} sfaf
fh's l:yltsf] sdhf] . @= b'Anf]kftnf] lga{lnof] . lgDhf] gf) [;+) lgodTo] sfd cflbsf]
cfDe yfngL yfNgL >Lu0f]z v]jff . lglD7g c) lqm) [lgD7f] O g] lgD7f] xg elg
] gf) [;+) lg d:t (rnL gePsf])] != dfgf, kfyL, cflb gfkf]df em;L geO{ s]jn la6;Dd k
us ] f] efO, efF8fdf rlnPsf] cGg cflbsf] efu 5Ksf sf6] la6afa x]sf] gfkf] . lj) @=
pQm gfkf]afasf] . lgD7fO gf) [ lglD7 ( cfO)] lgD7f] kfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] lgD7
g s) lqm) lgD7f] tNofOg . lgD7fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) lgD7f] tNofpg . lgDtf?lgDtf
]lgDtfn lj) [lgDtf] cf?cff]cfn] != lgDtf]df cfpg] . Gff) @= lgDtf]df cfpg] JolQm . l
lDt gf) of]) [;+) lgldQ] != nflu vflt lgldQ (pbf) fdsf lglDt s[i0fn] s] kf] ug{ afFsL
Vof] ) .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
691

lglDtglgoldt cfTd;+od . #= lgoda4 xg] k|sl[ t . $= b}jL jf :jtM l;4 pknlAw . %=

b}jL k|sf]k . jfb gf) efUojfb . jfbL lj) lgolt jf efUodf ljZjf; fVg] . > lgot]lGb|o
lj) OlGb|onfO{ jzdf fVg] . lgoG8yn gf) [c\)] g[tjzf:qsf cg;f hd{gLsf] lgoG8yn gfds
gdf kfOPsf] dfgj k|mfG;sf] d:t] dfgjl;t k"fk" ldNg] dfgj cZdLe"t cl:ycjz]ifsf] kdf k
OPsf] rty{ lxdousf ;dosf] dfgj cfheGbf k}t F L; xhf jif{ptfsf] cw{;Eo kfkfiff0fo
uLg dfgj . lgoGtJo lj) [;+)] lgoddf fVg of]Uo lgoddf flvgkg]{ . lgoGtf lj) [;+)] !=
lgoGq0fdf fVg] cgzf;gdf fVg] lgofds . gf) @= zf;s . #= lzIfs . $= xfQLnfO{ tx nufp
g] dfxt] . %= kd]Zj . ^= ;~rfns . lgoGqs lj) [;+)] != lgoGq0f ug]{ lgoGtf . @= Joj:
yfks . gf) #= sg} ljZjljBfno jf o:t} ;+:yfsf] kLIff ;DkGg ufpg] k|dv  (sG6fn ] ) . l
goGq0f gf) [;+)] != lgod jf aGwgdf fVg] sfd Jojl:yt l:ylt jf cgzf;gk"j{ssf] cwLgtf
. @= zlQm k|of]uaf6 xg] jf ulg] czfGt l:yltsf] bdg . ~ sIf gf) ]l8of], rnlrq cflb
df WjlgnfO{ 7Ls7Ls kdf rnfpg] sIf (sG6fn ] ay) . lgolGqt lj) [;+)] != lgoGq0fdf flv
sf] l:ylt sfa"df lnOPsf] . @= Jojl:yt lgoda4 . lgod gf) [;+)] != kDkfut gLlt, ljlw, w
fld{s Joj:yf cflbff Jojxf jf cfr0fsf af]df lglZrt ulPsf] l;4fGt ?n sfObf . @= P]gsf
tu{t sfo{;~rfngsf] ljlw ;jfn . #= kDkfut Llt jf Joj:yf . $= sg} ;+:yf jf sfof{no ;~rf
ngsf nflu tof ulPsf] lnlvt sfo{k|0ffnL . %= kljtf, ;Gtf]if, tk:of, :jfWofo O{Zj lrG
tg ulg], of]usf cf7 c\udWo] Ps c\u . ^= cgzf;g . > lgodg gf) != lgoddf fVg] jf xg] s
d lgodsf] aGwg . @= jz ug]{ sfo{ cgzf;g lgoGq0f . #= bafpg] sfd bdg lgu|x . ~ lgi7f
f) != kDkfut gLltlgodk|ltsf] cf:yf lgoddf s xg] l:ylt . @= lgodkfng . ~ kq gf) lgod
"rL lgodfjnL . k lj) lgodcg;f xg] jf rNg] lgodsf] kfns . ks lj) lgodl;t ;DalGw
fng gf) lgodsf] cg;0f . a4 lj) != lgoddf afFlwPsf] gLltlgolGqt . @= lgodcg;f rNg]
xg] . lgodfklQ gf) sg} ;ef jf a}7sdf :jLs[t sfo{k|0ffnL jf lgodsf lj?4 sf0fjz p7fO
Psf] cfklQ lgod lrQ gaem ] ;f] abNg jf x6fpg ulPsf] hf]8bf dfu . lgoldt lj) [;+)] !
= lgoddf afFlwPsf] lgoda4 . @= lgod

lglDtg c) lqm) [lgDtf] O g] lgDtf] kfOg lgDtf]df kflg lgDTofOg . lgDtf] gf) [;+)
q0f] ljjfx, wfld{s o1 cflb ze sfo{ cGo sfo{df ;fd]n xgsf] nflu af]nfpg] sfd lgd
Gq0f . ~ kq gf) lgdGq0fkq . lgDTofO gf) [ lgDTofp ( cfO)] lgDTofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [> ] lgDTofOg s) lqm) lgDtf] ulg lgDtf lbOg . lgDTofpg ;) lqm) [lgDtf] ofp g] s
pT;j jf sfo{df af]nfpg lgDtf] ug{ lgDtg . > lgDTofx6 gf) lgDTofO . lgDg lj) [;+)]
b]xfosf] tnltsf] tNnf] . cg;f qm)lj) tn ePadf]lhd . uf gf) tnlt aUg] gbL . ~ k
f gf) k|fu}ltxfl;s kftjsf cg;f kfkfiff0fsf tLg ljefhgdWo] klxnf] ljefhg k|fsr]lnog
r]lnog cZof]n dfgjn] k|of]u u]sf kfiff0fpks0f kfOPsf] ;do . ~ dfWolds lj) k|fylds t
xeGbf dflyNnf] dfWolds txeGbf tNnf] (kf7zfnf cflb) . ~ dfWolds ljBfno gf) lgDg df
Wolds tx;Dd k9fO xg] ljBfno lg) df) lj) . ~ lnlvt lj) tn n]lvPsf] lgDgf\lst . ~ ju{
gf) tNnf] ju{ wg jf hftsf] b[li6n] lk5l8Psf] ju{ . >lgDgf]b lj) != j[Qsf] k]6sf] ef
u leq k;]sf] sf]lk|Psf] . gf) @= tNnf] k]6 . #= kf7]3 . lgDgf]Ggt lj) xf]rf]cUnf] k]s
f] gldn]sf] pa8vfa8 (hldg) . lgDkm uDaf gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnsf] d:tf lhNnfdf cjl:y
t, sfnLu08sLsf] dxfgeGbf tnlt k"j{klsf] pkTosfaf6 #)% ld6hlt cUnf] 8fF8fdf x]sf] Ps
uDaf . lgDa! gf) [;+)] gu0f, ;u0f ou0f ePsf] jfl0f{s 5Gbljz]if . lgDa@ gf) [;+)]
;;fgf kft xg,] tLtf] k|sl[ tsf], k|foM cf}ifwLsf nflu pkoQm v lgdsf] af]6 . lgD
afs{ gf) [;+)] != eftsf] j[Gbfjgdf xg] Ps k|l;4 j}i0fj cfrfo{ . @= pg}n] rnfPsf] dt
jf ;Dk|bfo . > lgDafsL{ lj) lgDafs{sf] cgofoL . lgDa" gf) [;+)] != lgajf cldnf]
. @= sfutL . lgD;f] lj) [;+)] lgDg:t wg, an, :jf:Yo cflb b[li6n] sdhf] lgwf]{ ba{n
] . lgot! gf) [c) gLot] != cfGtls nIo leqL p2]Zo . @= Ofbf dg;af dg;fo . lgot@ lj)
)] != lgod, sfgg, k|yf jf aGb]h cflbff ;Lldt ulPsf] lgoda4 . @= tf]lsPsf] lglZrt lgw
{lt . >lgotfTdf lj) cfk"mnfO{ lgoGq0fdf fVg] ;+odL . lgotflKt gf) k|aGwsfJosf cfVofgd
f kfOg] G jf ;\3if{kl5sf] cj:yf ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qsf cg;f syfj:tdf ePsf cj:yfdWo] rf
}yf] . lgolt gf) [;+)] != efUo k|fAw b}j . @= cfTdfgzf;g

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgodLlgt jf sfObfcg;fsf] . #= sfof{no jf lzIf0f ;+:yf cflbdf k|foM ;w}F / 7Ls ;dod
f pkl:yt xg] . $= ;a} sf 7Ls7Ls ;dodf eOxg] . %= lglZrt lgwf{lt . tf gf) lgoldt x
efj jf lqmof . lgodL lj) [;+)] lgodsf] cg;0f ug]{ lgodcg;f rNg] . lgof gf) [;+) Gof
] != ;Toc;To 5'fP ulPsf] lg0f{o Gofo lgof . @= bf]ifLn] b08 lgbf]{ifLn] ;kmfO kfpg]
fofnosf] lg0f{o lg;fkm OG;fkm . #= ;fIfL k|df0f gePsf cleo'Qmn] cfgf] ;kmfOsf lglDt
lbg] wd{zf:qcg';fsf] lbJo kLIff . ~ lg;fk gf) lgikIf Gofo fd|f] OG;fkm Gofo . lgof;
] gf) [;+) lgcf>o] != sg} cfkmGt;Fu e]6 ug]{ cft'tf Gof;|f] . @= ;'g;fg Psnf; . #= Ps
}gf; eOxg] 36gf jf sfo{k|lt x'g] gdfOnf] efj . lj) $= lbSs nfUg] jf nufpg] pf7nfUbf]
gdfOnf] . lgof gf)x]) lgofF . lgofqf gf) [;+)] != ofqflgaGwsf] cf} k Gofl;s jf pkVo
fgfTds k . @= ofqfj0f{gaf] syfTds z}nLdf n]lvPsf] lgaGw . lgofds lj) [;+)] != ;fdfl
hs cfr0fsf nflu lgod agfpg] l:ylt afFWg] . @= k|aGw ldnfpg] Joj:yfks . gf) #= dfemL
af]6] dNnfx . $= ;fly . %= ;j{zlQmdfg\ O{Zj ljwftf . ~ ]vf gf) e"uf]ndf jl0f{t cIff+z
b]zfGtsf ]vfx . lgofn\g ;) lqm) [lgxfg] { != sg} JolQm jf j:tnfO{ u8] x]g{ 7Dof
]i6f ug{ . @= s]nfpg 7Lsa]7Ls ku]{Ng . > lgofnfO gf) lgofNg] lqmofk|lqmof . lgofn
fOg s) lqm) lgofNg] kflg lgofNg nufOg . lgofnfpg k|) ] lqm) lgofNg nufpg . lgof
lng s) lqm) lgofNg] sfd ulg . lgoQm lj) [;+)] != sg} sfddf egf{ ulPsf] etL{ ePsf]
@= nufOPsf] lgof]lht . #= k|]0ff lbOPsf] k|]lt . lgolQm gf) [;+)] sg} sfo{df j]tg j
kfl>lds kfpg] uL egf{ xg] jf ug]{ sfd etL{ lgoQm xg] sfo{ . ~ clwsf gf) sg} kbdf
{rfL egf{ ug{ kfpg] clwsf . kq gf) egf{ ePsf] k|df0fkq . lgof]Qmf lj) [;+)] != lgol
Qm ug]{ sfddf v6fpg] . gf) @= egf{ ug]{ JolQm lgof]hs . lgof]u gf) [;+)] != sg} lgsf
o jf ;\u7g . @= ;\3 ;+:yf . #= lgM;Gtfg jf ljwjf :qLn] k?if jf u?hgsf] cf1fff kk?i
af6 If]qh ;Gtfg pTkGg ufpg] sfd . >lgof]uL lj) lgof]u ug]{ . lgof]hs lj) [;+)] != s
fddf nufpg] clwsfk|fKt lgof]Qmf . gf) @= egf{ ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yf .
692

lgof]hg gf) [;+)] != lgoGq0f ue{wf0flj?4 ulg] Jojwfg lgf]w . @= sg} sfddf tna jf kfl
ds kfpg] u/L v6fpg] sfd lgolQm . lgof]lht lj) [;+)] != lgolGqt f]lsPsf] . @= k"j{ c
fof]lht klxNo} sfdsf ldnfOPsf] . lg\ pk) [;+)] zAb jf wftsf clulNt nfu] ljleGg cy{
mfpg] pk;u{ lg;\sf] chGt j0f{ cyjf 3f]if Jo~hgeGbf k"j{ xFbfsf] k (h:tf] lgjoj, lg:
bf]{if, lgjf{0f O)) . lg+z lj) [;+)] != c+zaf6 7luPsf] c+z gkfpg] c+z g5fOPsf] . @=
+zljxLg . >lg+zL lj) lg+z . lg! gf) [;+) gLn] != gLnf] . @= gLnf] sf] Ps k|sfsf]
l0f . lg@ gf) [;+) gLnL] af6nf cfsfsf ;;fgf kft xg], KofhL sf k"mn kmNg], nfdfnfdf
sf];f kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] af]6 . (cfojb {] df o;sf] u0f k]6;DaGwL f]unfO{ gf
z ug]{ atfOPsf] 5) . lg# gf) of]) [;+) lgs6] != ;dLk glhs g] . @= ;Fu;Fu} cf;kf; . (p
f) fd dlg a:of] .) lqm) lj) #= lgs6df ;dLkdf . (pbf) pm clncln ub}{ lglg cfOkUof])
f lj)gf) [;+)] cGwf] . lgIf lj) [;+)] != cIf k9\g n]Vg ghfGg] cgk9 . @= d"v{ uFjf
eefrfo{ gf) k9\gn]Vg kmL ghfGg] JolQm k6d"v{ . lglUg lj) [;+)] != j}lbs wd{cg;f
q gug]{ clUgxf]q o1 ug{ 5f8]sf] . @= cj}lbs j]bljf]wL . lg\sz  lj) [;+)] != sg} k|
] c\sz jf lgoGq0f gePsf] aGwgxLg 5f8f :j]R5frfL . @= sg} lgod jf ;+ljwfgsf] cwLgdf g
fg} xsdnfO{ ;jf]{kl sfgg ufpg] (zf;s) . ~ tGq gf) lg\sz zf;s jf zfs;dbfon] rnfPs
j:yf . lgR5] lj) [;+) lgIf] lgIf cIf ghfGg] n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] cgk9 ck9 . > lgR5
cj:yf . lg~hg lj) [;+)] != cfFvfdf ufhn gnufPsf] . @= bf]if gePsf] lgisn\s lgbf]{ifL
. gf) #= O{Zj kdfTdf . $= lk;fa pT;h{g xg g;Sg] jf a9L lk;fa k]mg{ afwf kg]{ Ps f]
u lg~hg u|lGy (k|f: ] 6]6UNofG8) . > lg~hgL gf) != ;GGof;Lxsf] Ps ;Dk|bfo . @= lg~hg
y kmn]sf] f]uL . lgt lj) [;+)] sg} sfddf nfu]sf] ;+nUg tNnLg tGdo Psfu| . > lglt
gs} a] lgt xg] u0f jf cj:yf . @= k|]d cf;lQm cgfu .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
693

lg/ltzolgfdo lgjnDa lj) [;+)] sg} ;xff gePsf] lgf>o c;xfo . lgjz]if lj) [;+)] !=
gx]sf] cjz]if gePsf] . @= ;d:t ;Dk"0f{ ;a} . lgJoo lj) != gfz gxg] cljgfzL . @= cJ
gxg] ljgfzL . lg; lj)x]) gL/; . lg:t lj) [;+)] != ofFlsPsf] kmflnPsf] . @= Tofu ul
oQm . #= x6fOPsf] lgsflnPsf] . $= gePsf] lxt . %= gi6 . lg:q lj) [;+)] != c:qxLg xlto
gePsf] . @= o4df xltof vf]l;Psf] jf xltofljxLg ufOPsf] . lg:qL lj) [;+)] z:qf:q gePs
f] jf glnPsf] . s0f gf) != c:qxLg kfg]{ sfd xltof x6fpg] sfd . @= sg} b]zdf x]ePsf
f sd ug]{ cGtf{li6o cleofg . s0f ;lGw gf) eofgs c:qsf] lgdf{0fdf f]s nufpg] jf sdL
pg] p2]Zon] k|ltGL fi6xsf aLr xg] ;lGw . s[t lj) xltofljxLg kflPsf] . lgl:y lj
gePsf] xf8sf 6qmfx x6fOPsf] . lgx\ s f lj) [;+ ) ] cx\ s f jf 3dG8 gePsf] cledf
fg . >lgx\sfL lj) cx\sf gePsf] . lgx\s[t lj) cx\sfz"Go tNofOPsf] . lgfs0f gf
sfd lgsfNg] sfd . @= k|ltjfb v08g . #= ;dfwfg x6fpg] pkfo . $= eP b]lvPsf uNtL jf s
dLnfO{ kglj{rf uL ;Rofpg] k|lqmof . lgfsf\Iflgfsf\IfL lj) [;+)] != cfsf\Iff gfVg
sf] . @= j}fuL ljQm . lgfsf lj) [;+)] != cfsf gePsf] k gePsf] . gf) @= a|Xd O{Zj
. lgfsn lj) [;+)] != cfsn gePsf] ljrlnt gePsf] gcflQPsf] . @= wL zfGt . lgfs[t l
] != x6fOPsf] lgfs0f ulPsf] . @= pk]lIft x]nf ulPsf] . >lgfs[lt gf)!= lgfs0f . lj
ltljxLg . lgft\s lj) [;+)] != qf; gePsf] 8 gePsf] lg8 . @= lgf]uL :j:y . #= cft\l
cflQg] . lgfb lj) [;+)] != cfb gePsf] ;Ddfg gePsf] cfblxt . @= ckdfghgs . gf) #= ck
fb . lgfwf lj) [;+)] != cfwf gePsf] cf>oxLg . @= ;xff gePsf] c;xfo . #= ljgfk|df0fs
f0faf6 l;4 gxg] . $= hLljsfsf] nflu sg} pkfo gePsf] . lgfkb\ lj) [;+)] != sg} cfkb\
gePsf] cfklQlxt . @= lglj{g ;lIft . lqm) lj) #= sg} cfklQ gkLsg} . lgfdo lj) [;+
u gePsf] lgf]uL :j:y . @= lgbf]i { f lgd{n .

lgltzo lqm) lj)lj) [;+)] Hofb} cTolws . lgggfl;s lj) [;+)] pRrf0f ubf{ gfl;sf:yfg;F
DaGw gxg] cggfl;s gePsf] cgggfl;s . lgGt lj) [;+)] != aLrdf g66s ] f] Jojwfg gePs
] . @= nuftfsf] afa p:t} lsl;dsf] . #= lgTo :yfoL . lqm) lj) $= nuftf qmd}n] . tf
tf eOxg] lqmof jf efj qmldstf ;ftTo . lgkfw lj) [;+)] != ckfw gePsf] ckfw gu]sf]
a] s ; . @= b08 lbg cof] U o cb08 . > lgkfwL lj) lgkfw lgbf]{if . lgkjfb lj) [
klg nf~5gf gnfu]sf] lgisn\s lgbf]{if . @= ;a} If]qdf ;dfg kn] nfu" xg] . #= ;a}ff :j
s[t ;j{dfGo . $= ckjfb gePsf] ckjfbljxLg . lgk]If lj) [;+)] != sg} sfsf] jf:tf gfVg
ff gePsf] jf:tf gug]{ . @= sg} rf;f] gflvPsf] pk]lIft . #= c;DalGwt ;DaGwb]lv dQm .
>lgk]Iff gf) != a]jf:tf . @= pk]Iff . lgk]lIft lj) jf:tf gulPsf] pk]lIft . lgk]IfL
f:tf gug]{ pk]Ifs pbf; . lg lafnf] gf) [;+) gLla8fn] d;fsf] h:tf] ytg   xg,] gL
sf] h\unL lafnf] . lgledfg lj) [;+)] != cledfg gePsf] 3dG8 gug]{ . @= pbf k|sl[ t
:jR5 . >lgledfgL lj) lgledfg . lglenfif lj) [;+)] clenfiff gePsf] sg} sfsf] rfxgf
5f gug]{ . >lglenfifL lj) lglenfif . lgu{n lj) [;+)] != cfUnf] gnfu]sf] . @= g5]s]sf]
sg} lsl;dsf] k|ltaGw gnfu]sf] . #= ult gf]lsPsf] :jR5Gb . $= lglj{g . %= lgoGq0fljxL
g . lgy{ lj) [;+)] != dtna gePsf] ;f]sf gePsf] . @= cy{xLg cy{ gnfUg] lgy{s . lgy{
+)] != ljgfdtnasf] cy{ gePsf] lgy{ . @= jf:tf gePsf] lgik|of]hg . #= a]sDdf . gf) $=
5Gbf]e\u gufpg cy{ gcfpg] zAbxsf] k|of]u ubf{ xg] sfJobf]if . tf gf) lgy{s xgfsf]
efj jf l:ylt ;fy{stfsf] cefj lgik|of]hg . lgjsfz lj) [;+)] != cjsfz gePsf] ;do lbg g;
Sg] . @= a]km;{b Jo:t . gf) #= km;{bsf] cefj Jo:ttf . lgjlR5Gg lj) [;+)] != l;nl;n
f g66]sf] qmd glau|]sf] lgGt cljlR5Gg . @= nuftf eOxg] afa . lqm) lj) #= nuftf
;+)] != sg} cjlw gePsf] 6u \ f]df gklug] ;LdfxLg ckf . @= Dofb gtf]lsPsf] . lgjoj
[;+)] != cjoj gePsf] c\ulxt . @= lgfsf .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgfldiflg9 lgfldif lj) [;+)] != df; gePsf] df+;lxt . @= df; gvfg] . lgfnDa lj) [
;dfTg] sg} cfwf gePsf] lgfwf cfwfxLg . gf) @= a|Xdf O{Zj . lgfn;lgfn:o lj) [;
Psf] cN5L gug]{ hfFuL . @= ;lqmo ;+nUg . lgfnf lj) [;+) lgfnfk] != csygLo cj0f{gLo
sygxLg cfnfkxLg . #= dfG5]sf] Wjlg g;lgg] (7fpF) . $= cgf}7f] cfg} 9\usf] . %= p:t}
lsl;dsf] c sg} gePsf] . ^= ck"j{ ljnIf0f . lgfj0f lj) [;+)] != cfj0f gePsf] 9sgL g
vnf . @= gf\uf] lgjf{\u . lgfj[Q lj) [;+)] g5f]lkPsf] lgfj0f . lgfz lj) [;+)] !=
sf] xtfz . @= dg vDr]sf] cf]OnfPsf] . lgfzf gf) [;+)] != cfzfsf] cefj cf; dfg]{ sfo{
. @= sg} ef}lts rfxgfaf6 lgj[Q xg] sfd j}fUo . ~ hgs lj) cfzf gePsf] lgfzf k}bf ug]
lgfzf ufpg] (sf, sfd, cj:yf cflb) . jfb gf) if8\oGqk"0f{ wf]s]afh ;+;fdf pRr cfsf
"lt{ xg] cfzf fVg Joy{ 5 eGg] lsl;dsf] ef}lts dt hLjg hut\b]lv ljQm eP cFuflng] lj
rf . jfbL lj) lgfzfjfbsf] cgofoL lgfzfjfb;Fu ;DalGwt . lgf>o lj) [;+)] !=st} sxLF
cf>o gePsf] cfwfxLg . @= lgdvf c;xfo . lgfl>t lj) [;+)] cf>o gePsf] ;xff gePsf] . l
j) [;+)] != sg} j:t klg gvfPsf] ef]sf] . @= wfld{s kj{xdf cGg kmnk"mn;Dd klg gvfPs
f] k"0f{ j|t a;]sf] . gf) #= sg} vfB j:t klg gvfOg] k|lqmof cgzg wfld{s j|t . >lgfxf
lsf gf) k]6 jf kfs:ynL vfnL xg uO{ ePsf] k]6bvfO k]6 bVg] f]u . lgfxfL lj) lgfxf
. lgLIfs lj) [;+)] != ]vb]v ug]{, lgLIf0f ug]{ . @= kLIff lng] sfddf clgoldttf xga 
f6 f]Sg] kLIff sfo{nfO{ lgikIf ;DkGg ufpg] . gf) #= k|xLsf] Ps bhf{ OG:k]S6 . $= lg
fstf{ . lgLIf0f gf) [;+)] != x]rfx ]vb]v . @= hfFr kLIf0f . #= sg} sfd 7Ls;Fu ePge
Fraem ug]{ sfd . stf{ gf) lgLIf0f ug]{ JolQm . ~ e|d0f gf) lgLIf0fsf lglDt sfhdf hf
g] sfo{ . >lgLIf0fLo lj) lgLIf0f of]Uo . lgLlIft lj) ]vb]v ulPsf] hfFlrPsf] . lgLI
+)] lgLIf0f of]Uo . df0f lj) ulFb} u]sf] jf ub}{ x]sf] .
694

lgLZj lj) [;+)] O{Zj gdfGg] gfl:ts cgLZj . jfb gf) O{Zj gdfGg] l;4fGt gfl:tsjfb
O{Zj gdfGg] dtsf] cgofoL cgLZjjfbL . lgLx lj) [;+)] != sg} j:tsf] rfxgf gug]{ pbf;
. @= r]tgfzlQmsf] ljsf; gePsf] cbgf . #= pBf]u gug]{ . tf gf) pbf;Lgtf ljt[i0ff . >l
gLxf gf) != rfxgfsf] cefj ljlQm lgLxtf . @= r]tgfzlQmsf] z"Gotf . #= r]i6fxLgtf csd{
f . lj) $= lgLx (gfL) . lg?Qm lj) [;+)] != tf]s] elgPsf] kSsfkSsL ulPsf] . gf) @= j]b
f 5 c\u lzIff, sNk, Jofs0f, lg?Qm, 5Gb Hof]ltifdWo] Ps c\u . #= zAbsf] JoTklQ d"n
f] JofVof ulPsf] Jofs0fljz]if (h:t} of:ssf] lg?Qm) . >lg?lQm gf) != sg} kb jf jfSosf]
Jofs0f . @= zAbsf] JoTklQ lgj{rg . lg?Q lj) [;+)] != pQ lbg g;Sg] gfhjfkm . @= hl6n
k|Zg jf ts{sf] v08g ug{ g;Sg] . #= csf6 . $= rk df}g . bfoL lj) pQbfloTj jxg gug]{
}lhDd]jf . > lg?Qlt lj) lg?Q x]sf] pQ glbOPsf] pQ lbg afFsL . lg?T;fx lj) [;+)]
Psf] s]xL uf}F eGg] pd]b gePsf] xtf]T;fx . gf) @= pT;fxsf] cefj lgliqmotf . lg?T;s l
j) [;+)] sg} klg sfddf nfUg] hfFu xfPsf] s]xL uf}F eGg] efjgf d]sf] pT;s gePsf] pT
xt . lg?2]Zo lj) [;+)] != sg} kl0ffdsf] cfzf gePsf] p2]Zo gePsf] nIoxLg p2]ZoljxLg .
= sfdgf gePsf] lgisfd . #= cJofjxfls dlte|fGt . lg?4 lj) [;+)] != f]lsPsf] cj?4 . @=
fwf kofOPsf] k|ltalGwt . lg?Bd lj) [;+)] != pBf]u jf Ond gePsf] . gf) @= pBdsf] ce
fj . >lg?BdL lj) != gofFgofF sfdwGbfdf ;ls gxg] pBf]u gug]{ cgBf]uL . @= cN5L . lg
?Bf]u lj) [;+)] != pBf]u gug]{ lg?Bd . @= cN5L . gf) #= pBf]usf] cefj . >lg?Bf]uL l
j) lg?Bf]u . lg?kb|j lj) [;+)] lag gePsf] pkb|jxLg lglj{g . lg?kklQ lj) [;+)] != bx|f
k|df0f gePsf] pkklQ gePsf] . @= cJoTkGg JoTklQlxt . #= l;4 ug{ g;lsg] ck|dfl0ft .
lg?kd lj) [;+)] bfFHg g;lsg] pkdf gePsf] cgkd a]hf]8 . >lg?kdf gf) af}4 wd{sf cg;f
qof]bz e"lddf afx|f}F e"ld ah|ofgsf] afx|f}F e"ld . >lg?kdfg lj) pkdfg jf bfFhf] g
ePsf] . lg?kfo lj) [;+)] != olQm gePsf] pkfo gePsf] . @= pkfo gnfUg] . lg9 lj) [;+)
] != tf]lsPsf] lgwf{lt . @= k|l;4 . nIf0f

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
695

lgkslg0fL{t lg3f]{if gf) [;+)] != cfjfh zAb gfb Wjlg . lj) @= Wjlglxt cfjfh gePsf]
{nL lj) [;+) lgZ5n O{] lg5{nf] sf] :g]xfyL{ k . lg5{nf] lj) [;+) lgZ5n] != nfh;d geP
;dL{ . @= gsRrf] . #= 5nsk6 gug]{ . lgh{g lj) [;+)] != sg} k|f0fL;Dd klg gePsf] Pp6f
dfG5] klg gePsf] PsfGt ;g;fg Psnf;] . gf) @= d?e"ld ljs6 k|bz ] . lgh{ lj) [;+)] !=
hfj:yf gcfpg] slxNo} a"9f] gxg] . gf) @= b]jtf . lgh{f gf) [;+)] uhf]{ (ntf) . lgh
{n lj) [;+)] != kfgL gePsf] hnxLg . @= kfgL;Dd vfg klg lgif]w ulPsf] (j|t) . gf) #=
d?e"ld . lgh{nf gf) [;+)] lxGb" wd{cg;f sflt{s dlxgfe kfgL;Dd klg gvfO{ tLy{df a;
] ulg] j|t . ~ PsfbzL gf) Ho]i7 zSn PsfbzL . lgh{nLo lj) [;+)] hnljxLg . tf gf) kvf
f, Qm;|fj, clt;fh:tf f]u nfu] zLdf tn b|Jo 36\t} hfg] k|lqmof (l8xfO8; ] g) . lghL{
[;+)] != hLj jf k|f0f gePsf] d]sf] d[t . @= ultxLg h8 . #= :yfj . lghL{jg lj) [;+)] !
hLjg gePsf] d]sf] . @= dflPsf] vtd ulPsf] . ~ ladf gf) 3, k;n, sfvfgf cflbsf] ladf
hL{jLs0f gf) [;+)] hLljt k|f0fLnfO{ lghL{j agfpg] k|lqmof xTof . lgem{ gf) [;+)] emgf
{ 5xf k|kft . >lgem{l0fL gf) emgf{af6 lg:s]sL gbL lgem{L . lgem{L gf) != lgem{l0f
gf{ ePsf] kxf8 . lg0f{o gf) [;+)] != kIfljkIfsf lhlsnfO{ k|df0fsf cfwfdf 5fglag uL ;
TokIfsf] ljhoaf] ulPsf] 6\uf] k}m;nf . @= sg} ljjfbf:kb ljifodf PSn} jf ;fd"lxs kdf
lg] lgwf] . #= bO{ ljf]wLxsf] ljjfbaf] dWo:yn] lbPsf] dt . $= lgwf] . ~ Ifdtf gf) lg
0f{o ug]{ zlQm . ~ kl:tsf gf) ;ef jf a}7sdf kflt ePsf k|:tfjx lnlka4 ug]{ jf l6Kg]
sfof{noLo clen]v (dfOGo6) . lg0f{ofTds lj) [;+)] != lg0f{osf kdf x]sf] lg0f{o;DaGw
L . @= sg} ljjfbf:kb ljifodf ulPsf] lg0f{o;Fu ;DalGwt . #= lg0f{o lbg] 6u \ f] nufp
g] lg0ff{os . tf gf) lg0f{ofTds xgfsf] efj, lqmof jf l:ylt . lg0ff{os lj) != sg} b
O{ kIfsf aLr 6u \ f] nufpg] lg0f{odf kofpg] -zlQm, dt O)_ . @= lg0f{o ug]{ lgZro u
llbg] . lg0fL{t lj) [;+)] lg0f{o ulPsf] lglZrt 6\uf] nfu]sf] .

gf) zAbsf] k|l;4 cy{ g} 9 xg] nIf0ffljz]if . >lgl9 gf) != k|l;l4 Voflt . @= lg9nIf0f
f . lgks lj) [;+)] != tf]Sg] lgk0f ug]{ . @= lg0ff{os k|ltkfbs . gf) #= lgk0f jf lg0f
o ug]{ JolQm . lgk0f gf) [;+)] != ;f]rljrfsf ;fy ulg] lg0f{o ljj]s kofP ulPsf] c7f
@= 5fglag cGj]if0f . #= ;Dkfbg k|ltkfbg . lglkt lj) [;+)] != tf]lsPsf] lgk0f ulPsf]
= k|ltkflbt lgwf{lt . lgKo lj) [;+)] 5fglag ug{ nfos lgk0fof]Uo . lgf]u lj) [;+)]
sf] :j:y tGb?:t lgf]uL ;f;f}b F f] . lgf]uL lj) [;+)] f]u gePsf] :j:y . lgf]w
]Sg] jf 5]Sg] sfd f]s cjf]w k|ltaGw . @= 3]f ;LdfaGbL . #= kljflgof]hg jf pQm lgo
flu Jojxf ulg] pkfo . >lgf]ws lj) != f]Sg] cjf]w k}bf ug]{ cjf]ws . @= lgf]w ug]{
lj) lgf]w ulPsf] . lgf]wL lj) != f]Sg] cjf]ws . @= lgf]w ug]{ . lgC{lt gf) [;+)] !
o lbzfsL clwi7fqL b]jL . @= fIf;L . #= d[To . lgSof]n { \ g ;) lqm) [lgSof]n { g
] 7Dofpg lgZro ug{ 7f]sj f ug{ lgk0f ug{ . lgSof]n { gf) sg} sfsf] 6u \ f]
f] lgisif{ lgs]j { n. lgu{t lj) [;+)] != lg:s]sf] aflx uPsf] . @= lat]sf] . >lgu{lt g
) != lgiqmd0f lgu{dg . @= aflxfO . lgu{Gw lj) [;+)] uGw gePsf] uGwxLg . lgu{d gf) [;+
)] != aflx hfg] sfd lgiqmd0f lg:sg] sfo{ . @= lg:sg] 7fpF lgsf; . > lgu{dg gf) lgu{d
. lgu{ldt lj) != aflx k7fOPsf] lgsflnPsf] . @= uO;s]sf] lalt;s]sf] . lgu{0f lj) [;+)
] != ;j, h tdh:tf tLg u0fdWo] sg} u0f klg gePsf] u0flxt . @= c;n u0f gePsf] a}u
L. gf) #= O{Zj a|Xd kdfTdf . $= cljsfL O{ZjnfO{ ulg] Ps k|sfsf] ehg jf pkf;gf . lg
L gf) [;+)] x]s 7fpFdf ;;fgf kfFrkfFrj6f kft nfUg] ;]tf, kx]Fnf, gLnf sf d~hL k"mn
Ng] Ps hftsf] af]6 l;Fb] . lgu{g gf) [;+) lgu{0f] != lgu{0f . @= ehgsf] Ps e]b
. lg3f{t gf) [;+)] != cf3ft k|xf . @= Wj+; gfz . #= tkmfg cfFwL . lqm) lj) $= w"dwfd
;Fu a];L . lgl3{gL lj) [;+) lg3[0 { f O{] != OHht gePsf] a]OHhtLk"0f{ . @= tR5 gLr .
= l3g gdfGg] .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lg0f]t { flge{o lg0f]t { f lj) [;+)] lg0f{o lbg] lg0ff{os (JolQm) . lgb{Gt lj) [;+)]
!= bfFt em]sf] bfFt gePsf] . @= k"0f{ bzdf;f . lgb{De lj) [;+)] ;]vL gug]{ bDe gePs
f] lgledfgL . lgb{o lj) [;+)] bof gePsf] csf{sf] bMv x6fpg grfxg] lg7[L . tf gf)
kg . >lgb{oL lj) bof gePsf] . lgb{n lj) [;+)] != sg} kf6L{ gePsf] bnljxLg . @= kft g
ePsf] . lgb{nLo lj) [;+)] sg} fhgLlts bn jf kf6L{ gePsf] bnljxLg . tf gf) lgb{nLo x
fsf] efj, cj:yf jf l:ylt bn jf kf6L{sf] cefj bnljxLgtf . ~ Joj:yf gf) sg} fhgLlts bn
gePsf] Joj:yf jf zf;gk|0ffnL (k~rfotL Joj:yf) . lglb{i6 lj) [;+)] != lgb]{z ulPsf] a
tfOPsf] tf]lsPsf] . @= lg0f{o lbOPsf] lglZrt . lgb]z { gf) [;+)] != cx|f6 ] cf1f cf
b]z . @= sg} sfdsfaf] ljz]if kn] lbOg] cfb]z . #= pNn]v plNnlvt . $= j0f{g j[QfGt .
q gf) sg} cfb]z jf lgb]z { g kfngf ug{ n]lvPsf] kq cf}ifwL ;]jg ug]{ tlsf n]lvPsf] s
fuh (k|l ] :qmK;g) . lgb]z { s lj) [;+)] != lgb]z { g lbg] sfddf v6fpg] . gf) @= sg
} ljefu jf sfof{nosf] k|dv ;~rfns sg} ;+:yfsf] dVo clwsfL 8fO]S6 . ~ ;ldlt gf) sg
{af] lgb]z { g lbg ul7t ;ldlt . ~ l;4fGt gf) k|zf;lgs gLlt;DaGwL l;4fGt . lgb]z {
g gf) [;+)] != lgb]z { ug]{ sfd sg} sfddf szntfk"js { k|j[Q ufpg] sfo{ . @= cx|f]6 cf
f . >lgb]z { gfno gf) sg} sfo{sf] lglDt lgb]z { g lbg] 7fpF jf sfof{no lgb]z { ssf]
sfof{no . ~ ljefu gf) lgb]{zg lbg] ljefu . lgb]l { zt lj) [;+)] lgb]{z ulPsf] lglb{
i6 . lgb]{i6f lj) [;+)] cx|fpg] lgb]z { g ug]{ sg} sfddf ;lqmo ufpg] . lgbf] { lj)x])
lgwf]{ . lgbf]i { f lj) [;+)] != bf]if gePsf] lgisn\s uNtL gePsf] . @= ckfw gu]sf] l
. tf gf) bf]if jf ckfwsf] cefj . >lgbf]{ifL lj) lgbf]{if . lg{G lj) [;+)] != sg} k
ePsf] ljf]wL gePsf] GxLg . @= cfk"mv;L ug]{ :jR5Gb . #= fu, ]if, dfg, ckdfg cflb ;f
ls lqmofsnfkb]lv lgj[Q ePsf] . $= lr;f]tftf], ;vbMv cflb GfTds wf0ffsf] k|efjb]lv d
Qm ePsf] jLtfu . lgw{Ss lj) [lg\ ws] != 8 jf qf; gePsf] ws gdfGg] ;\sf]r gdfGg] . @
. lqm) lj) #= sg} ws
696

gdfgLsg lgl:kmqmL;Fu . lgw{g lj) [;+)] wg gePsf] sg} hfoh]yf gb]lvPsf] ula blb| .
blb|tf ulaL . >lgw{gL lj) blb| . lgwf{s lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifoaf] oxL xf] egL ls6f
f]Sg] lgwf{0f ug]{ . @= lg0ff{os . lgwf{0f gf) [;+)] != sfdsf] ;do cyjf j:tsf] d"No
cflb tf]Sg] sfd 7x tf]s . @= lg0f{o lgZro . #= cGj]if0f 5fglag . lgwf{lt lj) [;+)]
f{0f ulPsf] 7x ePsf] tf]lsPsf] lglZrt . ~ s gf) sg} kll:ylt jf j:tljz]ifsf cfwf
txsf] dftxtaf6 ls6fg ulPsf] zNs jf s . ~ ;Ldf gf) tf]lsPsf] xbaGbL . lgwf] { lj) [;
+) lgC{4] != wg;DklQsf b[li6n] sdhf] blb| ula lgbf]{ . @= an gePsf] lga{lnof] gfh
Ifdtf gePsf] . lglg{di ] f lj) [;+)] != cfFvf glemDSofpg] kns gdfg]{ cfFvf lemdlemd
gufpg] . lqm) lj) @= cfFvf glemDSofO{sg Ps 6s nfP x]]sf] x]o} u] . lga{Gw gf) [;+
fu|x l9kL lh2L . @= f]sfj6 k|ltaGw . qmda4 syf geO{ :jR5Gb kdf sg} efj, ; jf tYosf]
]rg ePsf], sfJosf] Ps k|sf jf e]b . >lga{Gwg gf) lgSof]{n afrfaGwg lg0f{o . lga{lGwt
j) lga{Gw jf lga{Gwg ulPsf] . lga{n lj) [;+)] an, tfut gePsf] ban { zlQmxLg . tf g
) ba{ntf sdhf]L . lgaf{u \ lj) [;+) lgjf{\u] != sg} klg sk8f gklxlPsf] ;Dk"0f{ gf
lqm) lj) @= gf\u} . lgaf{w lj) [;+)] != sg} afwf jf k|ltaGw gePsf] f]s6f]s gePsf] .
@= PsfGt lgh{g . lgla{;L gf) [;+) lglj{iff] != nfdfnfdf kfFrkfFr v08 k]sf 7"n7"nf k
ft xg] df]y]h:t} sGb xg] Ps lxdfnL a6L lglj{iff . @= To;}sf] sGb jf hf] . (o;sf
;]tf] ftf] sGb xg] bO{ hft 5g\ . cfoj]{bsf cg;f o;sf] u0f ljifgfzs Qmbf]ifgfz
s atfOPsf] 5) . lgaL{h lj) [;+)] != aLp gePsf] aLhlxt lagfaLpsf] . @= ljgfsf0fsf] k|d
0fxLg . #= gk; + s lxh8f . ~ ;dflw gf) aLh jf cfnDagljxLg Ps k|sfsf] ;dflw . >lgaL
{hf gf) ;fgf] hftsf] bfv ls;ld; . lgal { 4 lj) [;+)] al4 gePsf] ;f]rljrf ug{ g;Sg]
"v{ . lgaf]w { lj) [;+)] s]xL 1fg gePsf] cghfg c1fgL . lgAof{hlgAof{hL lj) [lg\ Aofh
{)] != d"n wgdf sg} k|sfsf] Aofh gnfUg] . lqm) lj) @= ljgfAofh g} . lge{o lj) [;+)]
!= 8 gePsf] lg8 qf;xLg . @= ;lIft .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
697

lge{lgjf{rs hf] gePsf] . @= k"} ;vfk kflPsf] aLp;Dd klg gxg] uL dfl;Psf] . >lgd"n {
!= lgd"n { kfg]{ sfd pGd"ng . @= k"0f{ ljgfz ;vfk . lgdf]I { f lj) [;+)] ;f+;fls k|
k~rdf gkm:g] dfofdf]x gePsf] dQm . lgdf]r { g gf) [;+)] != ;k{n] sfFrnL k]m]h:t} k|
To]s jif{ rfxn] klg k|hgg ;dokl5 KjfFv k]mg]{ k|lqmof . @= 56sff dlQm . lgdf]x { l
j) [;+)] != df]xdf gcNem]sf] . gf) @= df]xsf] cefj . >lgdf]{xL lj) dfofdf]x gePsf]
lg7L . lgof{0f gf) [;+)] != aflx hfg] sfd lgiqmd0f . @= d[To . #= lgjf{0f df]If . $
= kzsf vfdf afFWg] bfDnf] v] v; ] f] . lgof{t lj) [;+)] != lg:s]sf] aflxlPsf] .
s b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf k7fOPsf] (dfn) . gf) #= sg} Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf dfn;fdfg k
7fpg] sfd lgsf;L . ~ s gf) aflxL b]zdf lgsf;L ulg] dfndf nfUg] dx;n lgof{t ug]{ dfnd
nfUg] s . stf{ gf) Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf sg} dfn;fdfg lgsf;L ug{ ;sfaf6 k|df0f kfPs
] JolQm lgsf;L ug]{ dfG5] . >lgof{tg gf) wf}6 fv]sf] dfn lkmtf{ lng] sfd C0f ltg]{ sf
d abnf lng] k|lqmof . lgof{ltt lj) aflxL b]zdf lgsf;L ulPsf] (dfn;fdfg) . lgof{; gf)
[;+)] != ;Nnf] cflbsf vaf6 lg:sg] ub F rf]k vf]6f] . @= vsf] aflxL af]qmf] . #= sfF
8f Sjfy . lgn{Hh lj) [;+)] != nfh gePsf] ;d gdfGg] gsRrf] . lqm) lj) @= sg} ;\sf]r
sg ljgf sg} lxrlsrfx6 . tf gf) sg} k|sfsf] ;d jf nfh gdfGg] efj jf k|jl[ Q . lgln{K
) [;+)] != ;f+;fls df]xaGwgdf geNg] fu, ]if cflbaf6 dQm ePsf] sg} ljifodf cf;Qm gx
] . @= lnKt gePsf] s;}l;t sg} ;DaGw gePsf] :jtGq . lgn]k { lj) [;+)] lgln{Kt . lgnf
]e { lj) [;+)] nf]e gePsf] ;Gtf]ifL, nfnr gug]{ . lgj{z + lj) [;+)] j+z jf sn gePs
f] lg:;Gtfg . lgj{rg lj) [;+)] != jrg jf af]nL gePsf] rk xg] df}g . gf) @= zAb jf jf
Soaf] Jofs0fcg;f ulg] JoTklQ efio . lgj{:q lj) [;+)] sg} klg j:q gklx]sf] nuf g
gf\uf] . lgj{x0f ;lGw gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qcg;f gf6s cflbdf sfo{ kmnfudsf] o
f]uaf6 aLh ;kmnLe"t eO{ k|of]hg l;4 ePsf cj:yfsf] efu . lgjf{rs lj) [;+)] != 5fgl
ag u] rflxPsf] JolQm jf j:t rGg] lgjf{rg ug]{ . gf) @= rGg] JolQm lgjf{rg ug]{ jf

tf gf) eosf] cefj . lge{ lj) [;+)] != ef];fdf x]sf] cfl>t cjnlDat emlG8Psf] . @=
f] elefp . #= k|z:t Hofb} v"a . tf gf) e kg]{ lqmof jf efj cf>owld{tf . lgeL{s l
!= eo gePsf] g8fpg] lg8 . @= ;zQm ;Ifd ;lqmo . tf gf) g8fpg] lqmof jf efj lge{ot
{ s lj) [;+) lg asf]] != s]xL gePsf] a\uf] . @= s]xL ghfGg] a4" . lqm) lj) #= s]xL
gxg] jf ghfGg] lsl;dn] . lgd{d lj) [;+)] != ddtf gePsf] cgbf . @= lgb{oL q"m lgi7
tf gf) lgd{d xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ddtfsf] cefj lgb{otf lgi7tf . lgd{n lj) [;+)] != d
jf bfu gePsf] bf]ifxLg :jR5 . @= z4 kljq . gf) #= b]jtfnfO{ r9fOPsf] j:t . $= zf
lnu|fdnfO{ :gfg ufPsf] hn lgdf{No . (lgDafs{ ;Dk|bfocg;f j}i0fj ;dfhdf lgdf{Nosf]
k|rng kfOG5) . >lgd{nL gf) != nfDrf, 7"nf kft, ;]tf k"mn af6nf, y]Krf kmn xg],
cfoj]{bdf z"ngfzs, cfFvfsf] lxt ug]{ kfgL ;kmf ug]{ u0f atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] v To;
s} kmn . @= ;udfyf c~rng] ;Ldfdf kg]{ Ps eftLo :yn . lgdf{{0f gf) [;+)] != 3, dlGb, ;
s cflb agfpg] sfd rgf . @= ag]sf ejg, ;8s, dlGb cflb . stf{sfL lj) lgdf{0f ug]{ ag
fj{hlgs kf7zfnf, af6f] cflb tof ug]{ . ~ oftfoft gf) >L % sf] ;sfsf] Ps dGqfno cfgf]
ftxtdf ejg, ;8s, kn cflb ;fj{hlgs lgdf{0fsf] sfd ug]{, dGqfno, ljefu jf ;+:yf .
~ ljBf gf) lgdf{0flzNk . ~ lzNk gf) lgdf{0f;Fu ;DalGwt zf:q . ~ :yn gf) lgdf{0f eOx
]sf] 7fpF . >lgdf{0ffTds lj) lgdf{0f;DaGwL rgfTds . lgdf{0ff]Gdv lj) ev{ev{ aGg nfu
] . lgdf{tf lj) [;+)] != agfpg] ejg, ;8s cflbsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ /rlotf . gf) @= O{Zj kd
Tdf . lgdf{of lj) [;+)] != dfof gePsf] lg7L . @= Pscsf{sf] x[bo lrGg g;Sg] (k|d ]
L jf k|l] dsf) . lgdf{No gf) [;+)] != j}i0fj ;Dk|bfocg;f lji0fnfO{ r9fOPsf] j:t
sg} b]jtfsf] k|;fb . @= zflnu|fd, b]jd"lt{ cflb b]jtfnfO{ :gfg ufOPsf] k~rfd[t;lxt
sf] hn b]jtfnfO{ gxfOlbOPsf] hn . lgld{t lj) [;+)] agfO;lsPsf] ag]sf] tof lrt . lgd
m lj) [;+)] k"0f{ kn] dlQm kfPsf] k"} dQm . >lgd{lQm gf) lgdQ { m xgfsf] efj jf
l:ylt k"0f{ dlQm . lgd"n { lj) [;+)] != d"n;d]t gflvPsf] hf];d]t pv]lnPsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgjf{rglgj}{ ufpg] clwsfL . ~ d08n gf) fi6klt jf o:t} dxjk"0f{ kbdf cf;Lg xg] JolQ
rgfp ug{ cfd hgtfaf6 rlgPsf JolQmxsf] ;d"x .  sf] ljwflosfsf lgjf{rg gf) [;+)]
!= k|foM k|hftflGqs dns ljleGg lgsfodf k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolQm jf JolQmxnfO{ To;}
dnssf cfd aflnu hgtfn] dtbfgff rGg] sfd sg} sfd jf kbsf nflu dtbfg u] rfx]cg;fsf
olQm 5fGg] sfd rgfp rgfj rog 5gf]6 . @= w]d } f 7Ls a]7Ls 5fP ulg] 5gf]6 ljj]r
sfL gf) lgjf{rg cfof]uaf6 rgfj ufpg tyf ljz]if ]vb]v ug{ vl6Psf] JolQm . ~ ckfw gf)
gjf{rg lgodfjnLcg;f rgfjsf ;DaGwdf lgif]w ulPsf sfd jf sf . ~ cfof]u gf) ;+ljwfgcg
;f fli6o ljwflosfsf] rgfj ;DkGg ufpg] sfof{no (On]S;g sld;g) . ~ pDd]bjf gf) lgjf{rg
jf rgfj n8\g] pDd]bjf . ~ Ph]G6 gf) lgjf{rg jf rgfjsf sfddf pDd]bjfn] cfgf] lxtsf]
x]ljrf ug{ v6fP k7fpg] cfgf] k|ltlglw . ~ If]q gf) rgfj ufOg] 7fpFsf] ;LdfIf]q . ~
l0ffd gf) sg} If]qsf] k|ltlglwTj ufpg] uL ePsf] rgfjsf] glthf rgfjdf xflhtsf] lg0f
. lgjf{lrt lj) [;+)] dtff 5flgPsf] lgjf{rg ePsf] rlgPsf] . lgjf{0f gf) [;+)] != cfTd
n] hGdd0fsf] rqmaf6 56sff kfpg] sfo{ df]If dlQm . @= lgEg] sfd . lj) #= d]sf] d[t .
$= lge]sf] aNg 5f8]sf] . %= df]If k|fKt ePsf] dQm . lgjf{; gf) [;+)] cfgf] dns  a
f6 lgsfNg] sfd b]zlgsfnf . >lgjf{;g gf) b]zlgsfnf sg} dns jf fi6af6 lgsfNg] sfd lg
; . lgjf{l;t lj) lgjf{;g ulPsf] b]zaf6 lgsflnPsf] dns  af6 wkfOPsf] . lgjf{:o lj) b
]zlgsfnf ug{ nfos lgjf{;gof]Uo . lgjf{x gf) [;+)] != ufF;, af; skf;sf] Go"gtd cfjZ
ostfsf] h;f]t;f] k"lt{ xFb} uPsf] cj:yf t8se8s guLsg ;fdfGo kn] rn]sf] hLljsf . @=
sfdrnfp l:ylt uhff . #= kfngkf]if0f cf>o . ~ eQf gf) ;fdfGo cfhLljsf rnfpg nuftf lb
Og] lgwf{lt sd . lglj{sNk lj) [;+)] != cjfGt e]b gePsf] ljsNk gxg] . @= lglZrt cklj
Lo . lglj{sNks gf) [;+)] j]bfGt bz{gcg;f 1ftf 1]osf] e]b geO{ bj} Ps xg] l:ylt tj
1fg . ~ ;dflw gf) j]bfGtsf cg;f 1fg, 1ftf, 1]o cflb e]b geO{ 1fgfTds ;lRrbfgGb a|
Xdafx]s c s]xL k|ToIf gxg] ;dflwljz]if . lglj{sf lj) [;+)] != ljsf/ gxg] afXo k|ef
j k] klg sg}
698

ljs[lt b]vf gkg]{ . @= kfGtdf ghfg] gablng] ckljlt{t . lglj{g lj) [;+)] != aLrdf sg
f c8\sf] gk]sf] ljglxt lgaf{w . lqm) lj) @= sg} lsl;dsf] ljgafwf gkLsg ;lhn}l;t .
j) [;+)] != ljrf gePsf] ;f]rljrf ug{ g;Sg] . gf) @= of]uzf:qsf cg;f ;"Id cfnDagdf t
Gdo xFbf cfnDagsf] gfd ;\st ] cflbsf] ;d]t 1fg geO{ cfsfsf] dfq 1fg xg] ;aLh ;df
lw . lglj{ts{ lj) [;+)] sg} klg ts{ ug{ g;lsg] ljjfb ug{ g;lsg] lglj{jfb . lglj{B lj)
[;+)] ljBf gk9]sf] cgk9 ckl7t d"v{ :jfF7 . lglj{f]w lj) [;+)] != ljf]w gePsf] sxLF
Ifaf6 klg cfklQ gp7fOPsf] . lqm) lj) @= lagf sg} ljf]w ljf]w geO{sg . lglj{jfb lj) [;
+)] != ljjfb gePsf] sg} k|sfsf] em}emu8f gePsf] . @= ;a}ff :jLs[t ;j{dfGo . lqm) lj)
= ljjfb geO{sg} . lglj{j { s ] lj) [;+)] ljj]s gePsf] ljrf kofpg g;Sg] ljrfz"Go . >
glj{js ] L lj) lglj{js ] . lglj{if lj) [;+)] ljif gePsf] ljiflxt . >lglj{iff gf) x])
lgla{;L . lgjL{h lj) [;+)] aLp gePsf] aLhlxt . ~ ;dflw gf) of]usf cg;f ;dflwsf] aLh
cfnDag gePsf] Ps k|sf . >lgjL{hf gf) ls;ld; lgaL{hf . lgjL{f gf) [;+)] klt kq gePsL
:qL nf]Ug] 5f]f bj} dl;s] afFr]sL :qL cjLf . lgjL{o { lj) [;+)] != kfqmd b]vfpg
o{ gePsf] z"tfxLg . @= gk+;s lxh8f . lgj[Q { lj) [;+)] !=sfd k"f ePsf] l;4 ;DkGg
. @= ;f+;fls ljifojf;gfaf6 dQm ePsf] ljQm . >lgj[l{ Q gf) != ;dflKt . @= lg:klQ . l
gj]t { g lj) [;+)] tna gkfpg] ljgftna sfd ug]{ kfl>lds gkfpg] cj}tlgs . lgj]b { gf)
;+)] != v]b lvGgtf bv; ] f] . @= k5tf] kZrfQfk . #= j}fUo ljlQm . lgj}o { lQms lj)
+)] != JolQmljz]if;Fu c;DalGwt JolQmut gePsf] . @= ;fdflhs JolQmtxaf6 dfly p7]sf]
. #= JolQmut ?lrc?lrsf sf gePsf] efjgf;FueGbf j:tsf] oyfy{tf;Fu ;Da4 . > tf gf) lgj
}o { lQms xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . lgj}o { lQmsLs0f gf) lgj}o { lQms agfpg] k|lqmof
. lgj} { lj) [;+)] != j}efj gePsf] zqtfxLg b:dgL gug]{ . @= zq jf j}L gePsf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
699

lgJof{hlgzf lgjf0f gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd uga { f6 f]Sg] sfd kG5fpg] sfd ck;f0f . @=
fj6 5]sf] . >lgjf0fLo lj) != lgjf0f ug{ nfos 5]Sg of]Uo . @= f]sfj6 ug{ ;lsg] x6fpg
g] . lgjf; gf) [;+)] != lghL jf;:yfgdf cyjf cs} 3sf]7fdf a:g] sfd xg] sfd . @= :yfg c
>d 3 8]f . #= Ifl0fs jf; a:g] sfd . ~ :yfg gf) a:g] 7fpF ejg 3 8]f jf; . >lgjf;L
g]{ a:g] . lglj8 lj) [;+)] != emf\luPsf] afSnf] 3gf . @= 3f] 8nfUbf] eo\s . lglj
sg} ;+:yf jf sfof{noaf6 agfOg] ejg, ;8s cflbsf] gfkgS;fadf]lhd 7]Ssfdf agfpg :jL
sf ulg] kq af]nkq . lglji6 lj) [;+)] != lgj]z agfP a;]sf] l:yt cf;Lg . @= k|j]z u]s
f] . #= Psfu| kflPsf] (dg) . tf gf) lglji6 xgfsf] efj, lqmof jf l:ylt . >lgljli6 g
f) lglji6 xg] sfd k|jz ] . lgjLt gf) [;+)] != hg} o1f]kjLt a|Xd;"q . @= cf]9g \ ] j
:q k5\of}/f vf:6f] . lgj[Q lj) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf, ljifojf;gf, gf]sL cflbaf6 x6]sf]
sf] . @= lkmtf{ ePsf] kms]s { f] lkm]sf] . #= ugk { g]{ sfd ;lsPsf] ;dfKt . $= cjsf
z kfPsf] gf]sLsf] cjlw k"f ePsf] . lgj[lQ gf) [;+)] != x6\g] sfd dlQm 56sff . @= k
] jf ts{g] k|lqmof . #= ;lsPsf] l:ylt ;dflKt . e0f gf) sg} klg :yfoL sd{rfLn] gf]sL
lglZrt cjlw k"f u] cjsfz kfPkl5 ;DalGwt sfof{noaf6 cfhLjg kfpg] lgjf{xeQf k]G;g . lg
j]bs lj) [;+)] lgj]bg ug]{ k|fyL{ cfj]bs . lgj]bg gf) [;+)] != ljgd| egfO laGtL k|fy{
f . @= r9fpg] sfd ;dk{0f . ~ kq gf) ;+:yf jf sfof{no cflbdf sg} sfd kfpFm jf ulkfpFm
egL n]lvg] sfuh laGtLkq bvf{:t . lgj]lbt lj) [;+)] lgj]bg ulPsf] . lgj]z gf) [;+)] !
= k:g] sfd k|jz ] . @= jf;:yfg 3 . #= ljjfx . lgzf gf) [;+ ) ] ft flq hgL . slk
qcg;f lbgdf lgliqmo ftdf ;lqmo xg] jfg lgzfslk cgu0fdf kg]{ Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] jfg
k cgu0f gf) lgzfslkh:t} ;fgf hftsf] jfg;d"x . s gf) rGb|df . r lj) != flt lxF8\
8Ng] . gf) @= fIf; . #= nf6f]sf];]f] . $= rv]jf . %= e"t . ^= lkzfr . &= rf] . *=
kmF8f] . rL gf) fIf;L j]Zof :qL Jolerfl0fL gfL .

lgJof{h lj) [;+)] != 5nsk6 gug]{ lgisk6 . @= :jR5 lbn ePsf] pbf . lgj|{hg gf) [;+)] P
s 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf a;fOF ;g]{ sfd cfk|jf; kfxL abNg] sfd . lgx{:t lj) [;+)] !=
xft gePsf] . @= xftsf] sg} e gePsf] . #= sfd ug{ g;Sg] lgxTyf . lgx]t {t  f gf) [;+
)] sfJodf sg} ljz]if sfdf sf0f gb]vfpFbf xg] cy{bf]if . lgn\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgun0f g
dvdf xfn] 3fF6Laf6 tn l5fpg vfg . lgnDag gf) [;+)] != sg} cf]xbfdf x]sf] kbflwsfL
sd{rfLnfO{ clgoldttf jf e|i6frf u]sf] ;"rgf lbO{ lgodfg;f 5fglag ug{ flvg] sfd . @=
kb, clwsf jf bfloTjsf] f]Ssf . lgnlDat lj) [;+)] lgnDag ulPsf] . lgno gf) [;+)] != j
f;:yfg ejg 3 . @= rfn] cfgf] cf>osf nflu aRrf kfg{ ;d]t v jf 3leq agfPsf] jf;:yfg
#= k|no gfz . lgn; gf) [;+) gLn]Zj] k|foM rfsf];] emf8Ldf jf uxg tfO{ efudf kfOg] ;f
f] rfljz]if . lgnfO g) [ lgn\ ( cfO)] lgNg] lqmofk|lqmof . [> ] lgnfOg s) lqm) lgNg n
fOg . lgnfpg k|) ] lqm) lgNg nufpg . lgnfxf gf) [;+) lgfxf] != sg} sf klg gvfg]
. @= PsfbzL cflb wfld{s kj{df cGg jf kmnk"mn s]xL gvfg] j|t cgzg . lglng s) lqm)
[lgn\ O g] lgNg] sfo{ ulg . lgnf] lj) [;+) gLn] != cfsfzh:tf] uf9f sf] gL . @= uf9f
;] sf] gLnf] ePsf] . tyf] gf) tfdfsf] pkwft tfdfsf] gLnf] Iff jf nj0f . lgnf]T
Lnsdn . gLnf]kn gf) gLndl0f . ~ ljho;f gf) gLnf] sf] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] ;bfaxf ljho;f
lgjkg gf) [;+)] != 5fO f]kfO . @= lkt[kIfdf 5lg] cGgsf bfgf ;b\aLp . lgj;g gf) [;+)
uf j:q j;g . lgjx gf) [;+)] != ;d"x ;dbfo . @= ;ft jfodWo] Ps jfo . lgjf gf) [;+)
jgdf :jtM kmNg] wfg dlgwfGo j|t a:bf vfOg] cGgljz]if gfef] . lgjfs lj) [;+)] lgjf0f
ug]{ x6fpg] f]Sg] . ~ sfgg gf) fi6sf] ;Iffsf b[li6n] s;}nfO{ s]xL ;dosf nflu P]gad
hd ygfdf fVg] sfgg . ghaGb gf) lgjfs sfggcGtu{t ulg] ghaGb .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgzfglgif]wflwsf lgzfg gf) [kmf)] x]) lg;fg . >lgzfgf gf) lg;fgf . lgzfgL gf) lg;fgL
. lgzfGt gf) [;+)] pHofnf] xg] a]nfsf] ft ftsf] rf}yf] k|x . lgzfGw lj) [;+)] != fl
fFvf gb]Vg] . gf) @= tGwf] . tf gf) flt cfFvf gv]Vg] f]u tf{}FhL . lgzfdv gf) [;+
Fem ;GWofsfn . lglz gf) [;+)] != ft flq . @= PsyL sfF;sf] af]6 . lbg lqm) lj) ftl
. kfn gf) eu0f, hu0f, ;u0f, gu0f u0f ePsf] jfl0f{s 5Gb . lgzLy gf) [;+)] != cfwf f
dWoflq . @= ft flq . >lgzLlygL gf) ft . lgzf]y gf) [;+)] bO{ jf tLg jif{df PskN6 df
mNg], kfgsf cfsfsf kft, xlof k"mn v}f kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] f}b F f gd nxf . (o;sf
fF7df ;]tf, sfnf ftf w;f{ uL tLg e]b 5g\ . cfoj]{bdf o;sf] u0f Hj]rs, jfogfzs ;k
tyf laR5Ln] 6f]ss ] f] ljif zdg ug]{ atfOPsf] 5) . lgZro gf) [;+)] != z\sf jf bl
jwf gePsf] 1fg ;Gb]xlxt 1fg . @= 6\uf] lgSof]{n lgwf] 7x . #= ljZjf; kTof . $= b[
xf] efjgf . %= cn\sfzf:qsf cg;f c ljifonfO{ lgif]w u] k|s[t ljifosf] :yfkgf ubf{ kg
cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . tM lqm) lj) lgZro g} kSsfkSsL . lgZrofTds lj) [;+)] != lgZro ePsf]
gwf] ulPsf] lglZrt . @= lg:;Gb]x . #= 7Ls . tf gf) lgZrofTds xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt .
~ ;j{gfd gf) sg} JolQm jf j:tnfO{ tf]s] b]vfpg] jf cf}FNofpg] Tof], of], tL, oL,
ToxfF, oxfF cflb ;j{gfd bz{s ;j{gfd . lgZrn lj) [;+)] != xnrn gug]{ rNg jf xNng g;S
g] grn]sf] l:y . @= gablng] kljt{g gxg] . >lgZrnf lj) != lgZrn (:qL) . gf) @= nIdL .
lglZrt lj) [;+)] != lgZro ulPsf] lgwf] ePsf] 6u \ f] nfu]sf] . @= kSsf . lqm) lj) #=
sg} afwfljgf kSsfkSsL . tf gf) lglZrt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . lglZrGt lj) [;+)] != s
} lrGtf glng] lkmqmL gePsf] lgl:kmqmL . @= zfGt k|s[ltsf] w}o{zfnL . tf lglZrGt xgf
sf] efj jf l:ylt a]lkmqmLkg . lgZr]tg lj) [;+)] r]tgfzlQm gePsf] a]xf]; d"lR{5t . lg
Zr]i6 lj) [;+)] != r]i6f gePsf] xf]; xfPsf] cr]t r]tgfxLg . @= crn l:y . tf gf) !
i6 xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf c 7fpFdf ;g]{ k|j[lQsf] cefj l:ytf . @= r]i6fljxLgtf .
700

lgZ5n lj) [;+)] != cnfO{ wf]sf glbg] 5nsk6 gug]{ lgisk6 . @= :jR5 x[bosf] . tf gf) l
Z5n xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt lgisk6tf . lgZj:t lj) [;+)] != lgZjf; kmflnPsf] . @= lgZj
f; lgsfNbf pRrf0f ulPsf] (Wjlg cflb) . lgZjf; gf) [;+)] != gfs jf dvaf6 lg:s]sf] ;
f; zLsf] Zjf;k|Zjf;sf] k|lqmofdf leqaf6 aflx hfg] jfo . @= k|f0fjfo gfsaf6 lg:sg]
k|lqmof . #= nfdf] ;f; ;:s]f . lgZzSt lj) [;+)] zlQm gePsf] ljgftfutsf] zlQmxLg . lg
Zz\s lj) [;+)] ljgfz\sfsf] z\sflxt ;Gb]xlxt . lgZzAb lj) [;+)] cfjfhljgfsf] zAbxL
q lj) [ ;+ ) ] xltof gePsf] z:qxLg . > lgZz:qLs0f gf) xftxltofn] lxt kfg]{ sfd z:q
g] sfd sg} b]z jf b]zxdf cfk;L ;Demf}tfaf6 xltofx sd ub}{ hfg] gLlt . lgZz:qLs[t lj)
gZz:qLs0f ulPsf] . lgZzNs lj) [;+)] != zNs gnfUg] ltf] ltg{ gkg]{ lkm; aemfpg gk
]{ lgMzNs . lqm) lj) @= kfl>lds glnO{sg ljgfj]tg . lgZz]if lj) [;+)] != s]xL klg af
FsL gx]sf] z]if gePsf] . @= l;l4Psf] ;dfKt . lgif\u gf) [;+)] != af0f, z fv] lk7"F
{ efF8f] 7f]qmf] . @= taf v8\u . #= Pstf d]n . >lgif\uL lj) != 7f]qmf] leg]{ . gf) @
ofwf . lgiffb gf) [;+)] != Ps k|frLg cgfo{ hflt . @= ;\uLtsf ;ft :jdWo] Ps :j . #= a
|fXd0fff z"b|sGofaf6 hGdfOPsf] j0f{;\s hflt . >lgiffbL gf) dfxt] . lglif4 lj) [;+)]
= lgif]w ulPsf] f]s nufOPsf] jlh{t . @= b"lift bf]ifn] k"0f{ . #= vfa sfd gnfUg] . l
]rg gf) [;+)] != ;]rg ug]{ sfd 5s{g] k|lqmof . @= lehfpg] sfd cfb|L{s0f . lgif]w gf)
[;+)] != f]s nufpg] sfd jh{g dgfxL . @= afwf k|ltaGw c8\sf] . >lgif]ws lj) f]s nufpg
if]w ug]{ f]Sg] . lgif]wf1f gf) != st}sxLF sg} cjfl~5t sfd ePu]df jf ug]{ cfz\sf b]lv
df To;af6 xflg xg] kIfn] cbfntdf phL k]sf] avt ;DalGwt cbfntaf6 To:tf] sfo{ gug{
k|ltjfbL kIfnfO{ lbOg] cfb]z . @= sg} ;\s6sf] l:yltdf dfn;fdfgsf] cfoftlgof{t jf
kljxgdf k|ltaGw nufOg] ;sfL cfb]z dfn;fdfg jf ;]jfsf] lgsf;L k}7fLdf nfOg] k|ltaGw jf
lgoGq0f . lgif]wfTds lj) [;+)] lgif]w ulPsf] c:jLs[lt jf cefj aemfpg] gsffTds . tf
f) lgif]wfTds xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . lgif]wflwsf gf) [;+)] != sg} k|:tfljt sfo{nfO{
c:jLs[t

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
701

lgislgikGb lgisn lj) [;+)] j+zxLg snxLg . >lgisnLg lj) != c;n sndf ghGd]sf] snLg
] a]vfgbfgsf] . @= ;Eo gePsf] c;Eo . lgiqmd lj) [;+)] qmdljxLg qmd gePsf] . lgiqmd0f
gf) [;+)] != lg:sg] sfd aflx hfg] k|lqmof . @= lxGb" wd{cg;f afnsnfO{ klxnf] k6s a
flx lgsfNg] ;+:sf gjhft lzznfO{ ;"o{sf] bz{g ufpg] ;+:sf . kq gf) kfkq . lgiqmo
)] != sg} sfd jf ;]jfsf] nflu lbOg] wg ef8f Hofnf . @= abnfdf lbOg] b|Jo . #= dfnsf
] ;f6k]m cbnLabnL ljlgdo . $= sg} j:t lnP To;sf] jf:tljs df]neGbf w]} sd df]n lbg] s
d lgu|x . lgiqmfGt lj) [;+)] != aflx uPsf] lg:s]sf] . @= lgsflnPsf] . lgliqmo lj) [;+
)] != sg} r]i6f gePsf] lgZr]i6 . @= sg} klg sfd gug]{ lqmoflxt csd{0o . #= lgZrn l:y
f gf) csd{0otf . ~ k|ltf]w gf) v6fPsf] sfd guL hgfOg] ljf]w c;xof]u cfGbf]ng . lgiSn]
lj) [;+)] Sn]z, lrGtf jf lkmqmL gePsf] . lgi7 lj) [;+)] != x]sf] sfddf nfu]sf] st{Jo
df ;+nUg . @= sg} sfddf cf:yf jf >4f fVg] lgi7fjfg\ . #= 7xofOPsf] k|dfl0ft . lgi7f g
) [;+)] != sg} sfdljz]ifdf cyjf kDkfut dfGotfdf flvg] >4f elQmefj cf:yf . @= cjl:ylt
wf . #= ljZjf; . ~ sd{ gf) rf]vLlgtL cfrfljrf wfld{s sfo{ . ~ sfi7f gf) kfgf] l9
nfO{ ts{ljgf cg;0f ug]{ sfd . jfg\ lj) lgi7f ePsf] >4f fVg] cf:yfjfg\ . >lgli7t lj
gi7f ePsf] lgi7fdf x]sf] . lgi7 lj) [;+)] != s7f] x[bo ePsf] pHhG8 . @= lg7L lgb{
tf gf) lgi7 aGg] lqmof jf :jefj lg7Lkg q"mtf . lgi0fft lj) [;+)] != l;kfn szn
@= sg} ljifodf cflwsfl/s hfgsf/L /fVg] ljz]if1 . lgikIf lj) [;+)] != jfbL, k|ltjfbL
dWo] s;}sf] kIfdf gnfUg] kIfkft gug]{ . @= dWo:y t6:y a|Xdn] b]vs ] f] lg0f{o lbg]
. tf gf) lgikIf xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt kIfkft gulg] lqmof jf gLlt . lgiklQ gf) [;+)] !
= k}bf xg] sfd pTklQ . @= k|df0fff l;4 ePsf] l:ylt lgdf{0f . #= JoTklQ Jofs0f, sf]z
cflbaf6 k|dfl0ft l:ylt . lgikq lj) [;+)] != kq jf kft gePsf] kftljgfsf] kqlxt . @= K
jfFv gePsf] KjfFvljgfsf] . lgikGb lj) [;+)] :kGbg jf ult gePsf] lgZrn l:y .

u] f]Sg] clwsfL cfgf] c:jLs[lt cdf klg ;lqmo ufpg] xs . @= ;+oQm fi6;\3sf s]xL
] k|:tfljt sfo{df f]s nufpg] clwsf ljz]ifflwsf le6f] .  f| (Ps sif{afasf]) . lgis
;+)] != Ps k|sfsf] :j0f{db @= unfdf klxg] ;gsf] uxgf . #= ;g . lgis06s lj) [;+)]
!= sfF8f gePsf] l:gUw . @= lag afwf s]xL gePsf] lglj{g . #= k|ltGL gePsf] sg} zq
snf}6L . lqm) lj) $= lglj{g tjn] . lgisk6 lj) [;+)] != cnfO{ wf]sf glbg] 5nsk6 gePsf]
5n5fd ug{ ghfGg] . @= ;f]emf] ;fwf0f k|s[ltsf] . tf gf) lgisk6 xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf
. lgis lj) [;+)] saf6 dQm dx;n gnfUg] zNs glnOg] . lgis?0f lj) [;+)] s?0ff gePsf]
gb{oL lg7L . lgisd{ lj) [;+)] lgliqmo cN5L hfFud?jf . lgisd{0o lj) [;+)] != sd{ gug
sd{0o sfddf ghf]ltPsf] cN5L . @= sfd gnfUg] lgsDdf . lgisdf{ lj) [;+)] != dg nfP sfd
gug]{ PslrQ eP sfd gug]{ . @= a]sfdsf] 2L . lgisif{ gf) [;+)] != ;fe"t cy{ lgrf]8 ;
ljjfbf:kb ljifodf cfk;L ljrfljdz{af6 lg:s]sf] 7x ljrf dGygaf6 lg:s]sf] ;fj:t . #= k
l0ffd glthf . $= lg0f{o lgwf] 6\uf] . %= lgZro hfFraem . lgisn lj) [;+)] != sg} c
efu gi6 ePsf] 66k ] m 6]sf] . @= snf gePsf] snfxLg . #= jLo{ gePsf] kfqmdxLg . lgi
sn\s lj) [;+)] != sn\s gePsf] bfu gePsf] lgbf]i {f . @= :jR5 pbf x[bo ePsf] . lgisfd
[;+)] != sg} k|sfsf] OR5f gePsf] cf;lQm gePsf] . @= kmnsf] OR5f gfvL ulPsf] (sfd) sf
gfxLg . #= kmnsf] cfzf gfvL ulg] (sfo{) . ~ sd{ gf) kmnsf] cfzf guLsg ulPsf] sfd . lg
isf0f lqm) lj) [;+)] != sg} sf0fljgf sf0f geO{sg} . @= lagl;lQ csf0f . lgisf; gf)
= lgsfNg] sfd aflx k7fpg] k|lqmof . @= sg} 3hUufaf6 aflx ;8s;Dd cf]xf]bf]xf] ug]{ 7f
gsf; . #= 3, dxn cflbsf] aflx lg:s]sf] efu sf};L aG8f . lgisf;g gf) [;+)] != sg} ;+:
sfof{no cflbaf6 s]xL cjlwsf nflu jf ;w}Fsf nflu lgsfNg] sfd lgsfnf . @= k|j]z 2 u
g]{ sfd ;DalGwt ;+:yf jf sfof{noaf6 nf~5gf;lxt x6fpg] sfd . lgisfl;t lj) [;+)] !=
lgsflnPsf] aflx k7fOPsf] . @= ljBfno jf sg} sfof{noaf6 lgisf;g ulPsf] . lglis~rg lj)
[;+)] s]xL klg gePsf] blb| tGgd lgw{g .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lgikGglg:tf lgikGg lj) [;+)] != pTkGg ePsf] k}bf ePsf] tof ePsf] ag]sf] . @= l;l4Psf
fKt . #= Jofs0f, sf]z cflbaf6 JoTkGg . lgiklu|x lj) [;+)] != ljifosf] hGhfndf gkm;
]sf] cf;lQmxLg jf;gflxt . @= hxfgkljfsf] ;\ux | gug]{ ljjfx gePsf] cljjflxt . #= s
fg glng] cklu|fxL . gf) $= b08, sd08n cflbsf] ;d]t ;\u|x gug]{ ;GGof;L . lgikfbg gf
) [;+)] caf6 lbOPsf] jf :jod\ yflnPsf] sfd k"f ePsf] cj:yf tfd]nL . lgikflbt lj) [;+
)] != ;DkGg ulPsf] tfd]n ePsf] (sfd) . @= Jofs0f, sf]z cflbaf6 JoTklQ ulPsf] JoTkfl
bt . lgikfk lj) [;+)] != cwd{ gePsf] kfk gePsf] ssT [o gug]{ . @= sg} cff]k jf sn\s
u]sf] lgisn\s . lgikL8g gf) [;+)] ; rxg  ] uL lyRg] jf cF7fpg] sfd lgrf]g{] sfd .
kq lj) [;+)] 5f]f5f]L gePsf] ck"tf] . lgikf}?if lj) [;+)] k?ifTj jf kfqmd gePsf] .
gik|tfk lj) [;+)] an gePsf] . lgik|ltsf lj) [;+)] ;f6f] k]mg{ g;lsg] k|ltsfsf] sg} pk
o gePsf] . lgik|e lj) [;+)] != k|efj jf k|sfz gePsf] lg:t]h . @= zlQm gePsf] ;fdYo{
xLg . lgik|of]hg lj) [;+)] != ljgfdtnasf] sg} k|of]hg gePsf] Joy{sf] . @= lgM:jfy{ .
lqm) lj) #= lagl;lQ cgfxs . lgik|f0f lj) [;+)] != k|f0f gePsf] d/]sf] lghL{j . @= z
lQmxLg lg:t]h . lgikmn lj) [;+)] != sg} fd|f] kl0ffd gcfPsf] fd|f] glthf glg:sg] . @
mn gnfu]sf] . #= lgy{s Joy{ . $= aLp gePsf] lgaL{h . tf gf) lgikmn xg] lqmof jf efj
c;kmntf . lg;\ pk) [;+)] cefj, lgif]w cflbsf] cy{ ePsf vf;vf; zAb agfpgsf] nflu k|
of]udf cfpg] pk;u{ (h:t} lg:tf, lg:;xfo O)) . lg;\u lj)x]) lg:;\u . lg;fg gf) [kmf) l
zfg] != sg} JolQm jf j:t lrgfpg] nIf0f lrg lrXg lgzfg . @= kN6lgofF emG8f af]Sg] J
olQm . #= To:tf] emG8f af]Sg] bhf{ . ~ 5fk gf) != sg} j:tsf] klxrfgsf] nflu lrgf]
sf kdf nufOg] 5fk klrfos lrXg . @= sfof{nosf] cfgf] klrofTds 5fk . ~ ofqf gf) lnDa"jf
df b;}s F f] gjdLsf lbg dgfOg] Ps pT;j jf ;dff]x . > lg;fgf gf) != z:qc:q cflbn] t
fs] xflgg] lrg tff] nIo . @= lrg lrXg . lg;fgL gf) != sg} sfnfO{ hgfpg] jf sg}
xf kfpg ;lsg] lrg
702

lg;fg nIf0f . @= k cfsfk|sf . #= ;Ldf xb . lg;fkm gf) [c) OG;fkm] != sg} d2fdfldnf
fofnoaf6 lbOg] Gofo cbfntL lg0f{o OG;fkm . @= lgikIf Gofo c;Tosf] xf ;Tosf] ljho ufp
] lg0f{o . > lg;fkmL lj) lg;fkm ug]{ GofoL . lg;fl;g c) lqm) [;+) lgMZjf; Og] != ;f;
k]mg]{ k|lqmofdf afwf kg{ ;f; f]lsg . @= 56k6fpg ctflng cflQg . > lg;fl;nf] lj)
!= lg;fl;g] :jefjsf] lg;fl;Pnfh:tf] . @= lg;fl;g] vfnsf] lg;fl;g] . lg;f;L gf) [;+
) lgMZjf;] != ;f; f]lsg] lqmof jf l:ylt . @= ctflng] efj cflQPsf] cj:yf cTofx6 . #=
x8a8 r6ff] . lg;f:ofO gf) [ lg;fl; ( ofO)] lg;fl;g] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] lg
;f:ofOg s) lqm) lg;fl;g] tNofOg . lg;f:ofpg k|) ] lqm) lg;fl;g] kfg{ jf kfg{
nufpg . lgl;k gf) [c) g;La] sd{ efUo gl;k gl;a . lg;[t lj) [;+)] aflx cfPsf] lg:s]s
gikGg . lg;[i6 lj) [;+)] != Tofu ulPsf] 5fl8Psf] . @= lbOPsf] k|bQ . #= jf:tf gulPsf]
cjx]lnt . >lg;[i6fy{ gf) bjl} tsf] cfzo aemL cfk}mF sf ldnfO{ sfd k6fpg] b"t ;+:s[t
efiffsf gf6s cflbdf gfossf] b"tsf] Ps k|sf . lg;f]y gf) [;+) lg;t] 8fF7 hf] cf}ifwL
sf sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] a6L . lg:sg c) lqm) [;+) lgisf; g] != aflxlt hfg l
g . pTkGg xg pd|g . @= b]vf kg{ k|s6 xg k|sflzt xg . >lg:sfO gf) lg:sg] lqm
of jf k|lqmof . lgl:sg c) lqm) lg:sg lglSng . lg:s]jn gf) [;+) lg;\ s]jn] != s]xL
klg afFsL gx]sf] cj:yf . lj) @= lgld6fGg . #= bf]ifxLg z4 . lg:tj lj) [;+)] != tj ge
sf] tjxLg ;f gePsf] . @= sfd gnfUg] 5f]qmf dfq afFsL x]sf] . lg:tgL lj) [;+)] :tg ge
(:qL) :tg gb]lvg] (:qL) :qLTjxLg (gfL) . lg:tGb| lj) [;+)] != tGb|f jf cfn:o gePsf]
hfFulnf] sd{7 . @= lapFe]msf] hfus . lg:tAw lj) [;+)] != ;g;fg rsdGg . @= xnrn s]xL
g{ g;Sg] l:y . #= h8 kbfy{h:t} lgZr]i6 . tf gf) ;g;fg cj:yfsf] efj ;Ggf6f rsdGofOF
lg:t0f gf) [;+)] != gbL cflbaf6 kf nfUg] sfd tg]{ sfd . @= sfd kmQ] ePsf] l:ylt . #
= 56sff lg:tf . lg:tf gf) [;+)] != kf kfpg] sfd tg]{ sfd . @= 56sff dlQm . #= s
f sfaf6 w kfPsf] l:ylt . $= pkfo olQm . >lg:tfs lj)!= sg} sfdaf6 kf

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
703

lgl:tglglxg lg:;Gtfg lj) [;+)] ;Gtfg gePsf] 5f]f5f]L gx]sf] jf gePsf] ck"tf] lgM;
lg:;Gb]x lj) [;+)] != ;Gb]x gePsf] bljwf gnfUg] lgZz\s lgM;Gb]x . lqm) lj) @= ljgf;G
b]x z\sf gdfgLsg cjZo h? . lg:;kTg lj) [;+)] b:dg gePsf] zqxLg chftzq . lg:;0f
] != aflx hfg] jf lg:sg] sfd alxu{dg . @= aufO rxfj6 . #= aflx hfg] lgsf; lg:sg] af6
f] . lg:;xfo lj) [;+)] sg} ;xff gePsf] st}af6 d2t gkfpg] c;xfo . lg:;f gf) [kmf) lgzf
f] != sg} sfsf] k|df0f:jk flvg] lrg k|df0f b;L ;fIo . @= lrg lg;fg . lg:;f lj)
} ;f j:t gePsf] tj uO;s]sf] ;fxLg . @= a]sDdf a]sf a]dtnjsf] . > lg:;f0f gf) afl
fd lgsfNg] sfd . lg:;flt lj) lg:;f0f ulPsf] . lg:;Ld lj) [;+)] != ;Ldf jf xb gePsf]
d a]xb . @= cTolws Hofbf w]} . lg:;[t lj) [;+)] != aflx cfPsf] lg:s]sf] . @= afXo ba
] jf :jtM cFr]l6P au]sf] . lg:;] lqm) lj) [;+) lgZro] != kSs} . lj) @= kSsf lglZrt
. gf) #= lgZro . >lg:;} lqm) lj) lgZro g} kSs} . lg::kGb lj)x]) lg:kGb . lg::k[x lj)
x]) lg:k[x . lg::jfy{ lj) [;+)] :jfy{lxt . lg::jfyL{ lj) :jfy{ gePsf] . lgxt lj) [;+
)] != jw ulPsf] dflPsf] . @= gfz ulPsf] gi6 . >lgxtfy{ gf) k|l;4 cy{nfO{ Zn]iffy{ agf
{ uf}0f cy{nfO{ lbOPsf] k|dvtf (sfJosf] Ps bf]if) . lgxTyf lj) [ ;+ ) lgx{ : t ]
!= sdhf] zlQmxLg xftxltofljxLg . @= 6xf] cf>obftf sf]xL gePsf] . lgxGtf lj)gf)
] xToff] 3fts Hofgdff . lgxf\g ;) lqm) [;+) lgxf g] != slxf] nfu]sf] a]nfdf s]x
js { RofPem}F uL Rofpg . @= ulxlP x]g{ u8] x]g{ . #= ;;tL cjnf]sg ug{ ljx\ud b
g . lgxf gf) [;+)] != slxf] . @= b[li6kft kNsf] . > lgxflsf gf) cFw]L ftdf b" c
tf] slxfsf] wfh:t} b]lvg] gIfqk~h :ju{\uf 3f afbn . lgxfn lj) [kmf)] != ;d[4 Hofb
f9 . @= ;a} k|sfn] ;Gti6 k|;Gg . lqm) lj) #= w]} cToGt} . lglxt lj) [;+)] != flvPsf
flkt kf]l;Psf] . @= lbOPsf] ;lDkPsf] . #= xlnPsf] sf]lrPsf] . lglxg! gf) [;+) lglx
tfGg, k|f) l0flxc00f] sf6]kl5 v]tdf

nufOlbg] . @= 56sff lbnfpg] dQm ufpg] . lg:tf0f gf) != kf nufpg] sfd tfg]{ sfd p4
lhTg] sfd ljho . lgl:tg c) lqm) [lg:tf] O g] != gdl5g lg:tf] xg . @= pTsl07t xg
pT;s xg . #= Gof;|f] nfUg . lg:tL! gf) [kmf) lgzfg] != sf7 sf6\bf cffjfnn] gfk
f]sf lglDt k|of]u ug]{ pks0f . @= ldlt 6\uf] . lg:tL@ gf) != sg} a]nf ;\s6 kg]{ jf k
g]{ sfd . @= ;\s6 . lg:ts gf) [;+) lglZrt] != kSsfkSsL lgZro 6u \ f] lgwf] . lj) @=
dbf | 9fNbf To;df ldnfpg tf]lsPcg;fsf] wft jf wftsf] kldf0f . lg:t]h lj) [;+)]
!= t]h jf k|sfz gePsf] cGwsfoSt . @= zlQm gePsf] lgwf]{ . lg:tf] lj) [;+) lgMl;St]
!= ;xfos vfBj:t gePsf] crf, tsfL, bfn cflb s]xL gePsf] (vfg]sf]) . @= gdl5Psf] au
f] . #= lg; ;xLg pf7nfUbf] . lg:TofO gf) [ lgl:t ( ofO)] lgl:tg] lqmofk|lqmof . [> ]
ofOg c) lqm) gdfOnf] cgej ug]{ xf]Og . lg:Tofpg c) lqm) gdfOnf] cgej ug]{ xg
. lg:Tofx6 gf) gdfOnf] cgejufO . lg:q}u0  o lj) [;+)] ;ju0f, hf]u0f tdf]u0f ge
] q}u0  olxt . lg:k lj) [;+) lg::ki6] != st} sxLF s]xL klg gb]lvg] Hofb} uf9f cGwsf
@= ljj]s, al4 1fgn] ;j{yf lxt (JolQm) . lg:kGb lj) [;+)] != :kGbg gePsf] xnrn gug]{
lg::kGb . @= crn l:y . lg:k[x lj) [;+)] != :k[xf jf cfsf\Iff gePsf] lgfsf\Iff lg:k
@= j}fuL ljQm . lg:ofOnf] lj) [lg;f cfOnf]] ;g;fg lsl;dsf] pf7nfUbf] gdfOnf] . lg:
[;+) lg; nf]8] != v"a;Fu hf] cfPsf] hf]sf] tfkqmd a9L eP xf];xjf; ud]h:tf] ePsf] Hj
t . @= f]un] cfqmfGt . lg:;\sf]r lj) [;+)] != ;\sf]r gePsf] lxrlsrfx6 gePsf] lg;\sf]
lqm) lj) @= ws gdfgLsg gcgsgfO{sg . lg:;\u lj) [;+)] != s;};u F klg ;DaGw gfVg] ;\ut
ug{ grfxg] lg;\u . @= ;f+;fls ljifojf;gfb]lv cnu x]sf] . #= PSnf] . $= lgh{g PsfGt .
lg:;j lj) [;+)] != ;j gePsf] leqL u0f gePsf] ;fxLg lgM;j . @= zlQmxLg sdhf] . #=
Psf] lghL{j . $= gLr tR5 .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

lglxggLn gnl;t} kftnf] uL lkmFhfP ;sfOPsf] wfg . lglxg@ gf) [;+) lgxGo] nfQL xfGg]
ufO{sf] b"w bxFbf vfdf afFWg] 8f]L v[] 5fFb . lgx gf) != sg} sf jf Jojxf y
;xfos cfwfsf] sfd ug]{ csf]{ sf] jf Jojxf . @= kG5g jf ;+nUg gx'gsf] nflu b]vfj6L s
f0f axfgf :jf
. #= emu8fsf] pkfo emu8f ug]{ jf h'Wg] dfWod . lkx' gf) ePgePsf] ax
fgfafhL . lgx'g c) lqm) [k|f) l0fxc g] != lz emsfpg emSg gxg . @= gd| xg
 . #= 9f]Ug . $= xfg{ nfrf aGg . lgxdG6LlgxdG6] lj) [lgxf] dG6f] O{P] !=
h:tf] dG6f] ePsf] gtd:ts . gf) @= g cIfnfO{ lrgfpgsf nflu k|oQm xg] zAb gsf . lgx
gf) [ lgx ( cfO)] lgxl/g] efg, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > lgxfOg s) lqm) lgxg] tNofOg
. lgxfOnf] lj) emSg] :jefjsf] emsfn . lgxfpg k|]) lqm)s) lqm) emsfpg emSg n
g . lgxfx6 gf) lgxfO . lgxlg c) lqm) != lgxg . @= lgxg] xf]Og . lgxf] gf
fsf kdf vfOg] k|foM lr:ofgdf n]s, a];L, dw];, kxf8 ;j{q kfOg] plgpFh:t} af]6sf] k|
hflt o; k|hfltleq kg]{ sg} klg jg:klt lgu/f] (8fF7] lgxf], em;] lgxf], sfGn] lgx
] O)) . lgxf]f gf) != rfs8L v;fdb . @= laGtLefp cgf]w . #= cggo ljgo . $= afaf7fs
. gLr lj) [;+)] != hflt, u0f, ;Dk|bfo, wd{, Jojxf cflb b[li6n] tNnf] txsf] Ifb| r
Tyf] . @= cwd tNnf] >]0fLsf] . #= afpGg] k8s \ f] . gf) $= tn x]sf] xf]rf]df l:yt
. tR5 JolQm . [;+) lgTo (sd{)] %= st{Jok|ltsf] bfloTj (s]jn gLrdff df ;Lldt) . tf g
f) gLr xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf cwdtf tR5tf gu0otf . dff gf) st{JonfO{ pk]Iff ug]{ JolQ
. gLrf] lj) x]) lgrf] . gL8 gf) [;+)] != cf>o:yn a:g] 7fpF . @= rfxn] a]nfavt vsf xf
ufdf jf cGt agfPsf] vf]k|f] uF8 . gLt lj) [;+)] != nluPsf] kofOPsf] . @= lat]sf] .
#= u|x0f ulPsf] k|fKt . gLlt gf) [;+)] != ljleGg hflt, j0f{, cf>d, wd{, ;Dk|bfoxsf
k|jt{saf6 nf]sJojxfsf] ;~rfngsf nflu lgwf{lt cfr0f cfrfk4lt cfrf;+lxtf . @= To; k4lt
lxF8\bf cFufNgkg]{ lgod . #= sg} ;sf jf ;+:yf cflbn] cfgf] sfo{;~rfngsf nflu cFufN
g] cfwfe"t l;4fGt . $= pkfo olQm . %= fHo;~rfngsf rf k|dv pkfo ;fd, bfd, b08 e]bdW
] sg} Ps . kfo0f
704

lj) gLltsf] kfng ug]{ gLltdf xg] . dfg\ lj) gLltsf cg;f Jojxf ug]{ gLltkfo0f .
gLltk|lt ljz]if cf:yf fVg] dt lgodjfb sfggjfb . jfbL lj) gLltnfO{ dxj lbg] gLltjfb
;dy{s . lj1fg gf) cfrfzf:q . ljb\ lj) gLlt1 . zf:q gf) st{Jo cst{Joaf] n]lvPsf
frfzf:q . ;Ddt lj) gLltn] atfPcg;fsf] gLltadf]lhdsf] gLltcgsn . gLb gf) [;+) lg
x]) lgb|f . gLd gf) x]) lgd . gL! gf) x]) lg/! . gL@ gf) x]) lg/@ . gL# gf) [;+)] !=
gL hn . @= ; emf]n b|j kbfy{ . > gLh gf) != sdn ;f]h . @= df]tL xf . #= pzL . lj
6 k}bf ePsf] . gLj gf) afbn . gL lafnf] gf) x]) lg/ la/fnf] . gLj lj) [;+)] != cfjfh
Psf] sg} k|sfsf] zAb gcfpg] lgZzAb . @= cfjfh gug]{ zAb glgsfNg] . gL; lj) [;+)] !=
Psf] ;Svf, vf] . @= :jfb gePsf] a]:jflbnf] . #= efjgfsf] sdL gdfOnf] vNnf] . gLfhg
gf) [;+)] != k"hfcfhf ;s]kl5 ;dfkgeGbf klxn] ulg] b]jb]jLsf] cftL k"hfsf] cGtdf l3p
df lehfPsf kfFr;ft uTyf aQL afn] b]jtfsf] ;Ddv 3dfpg] sfd cftL . @= ljhoofqfsf lg
lDt xltofdf ;fFw nfpg] sfd . gLn gf) [;+)] != gLnf] uf9f cf;dfgL cfsf;] . @= g
] af]6ljz]if gL . #= ;o ca hgfpg] ;\Vof . $= sa]sf gf} lglwdWo] Ps . %= zLsf] sg}
f]6 nfuL leqleq} ut hDgfn] b]lvg] gLnf] bfu rf]6 nfu]sf] 7fpF . lj) &= gLnf] uf9f c
fsf;] sf] . s07 lj) 3fF6L gLnf] ePsf] . gf)@= lzj, dxfb]j . #= sflnh . ~ sf8f gf) ;;
gf kft x'g] 7"nf] s]fpsf hqf, ;'Gtnf
sf e'mKkfbf bfgf kmNg], k|foM gLnf
sf k"mn k'mNg
xft]afsf kdf nufOg] sfF8fbf Ps hftsf] af]6 . sfGt gf) != lxdfnL k|bz ] df kfOg], 6f
psf], 3fF6L 5ftL sfnf] tyf k'R5 gLnf] ePsf] Ps hftsf] rf] . @= Ps k|sfsf] dl0f gL .
qmf}~r gf) gLnf] j0f{ 3fF6L nfdf] x'g] Ps hftsf] sof
s?
rf] . ~ ufO{ ufO{sf h:tf s
f]6f] af
\uf] l;
, ub{gdf sfnf 5f]6f f}F, 3fF6Ldf nfdf f}Fsf u'R5f x'g] afF7sf] h:tf
g] Ps hftsf] nfdk'5] d[u 3f]8uwf lnnLufO{ . ~ rL gf) ;jf{
\u hLp lji7f klg gLnf] x'g
re]hqf] Ps rf] . ~ 8fd gf) lkl6P, b'3{6gfdf k] jf 7Ss nfu] rf]6k6s nfUbf ut aflx l
sL zLsf] leqleq}

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65
705

gLnfg"tg ulPsf] :t'To . > g'lt gf) != gd:sf k|0ffd . @= k|z; + f :t'lt . g'g gf) [;
0f] k|foM bfn, tsfL cflbnfO{ :jflbi6 agfpg k|of]u ulg], ;d'bL | kfgLaf6 jf vfgLaf6
lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf] Iff kbfy{ lgds nj0f . ~ r's gf) != g'g r'ssf] ;lDd>0f . @= sg} j]
jf rf]6dfly ylkPsf] rf]6 . ~ l9sL gf) != g'gsf] 8Nnf] . @= 6'Kkflt kmflsnf] nfDrf
kft x'g] kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] xlof ;fgf kmn kmNg], cfo'j]{bdf cfFvfsf] f]u, vl6f si7
gfz ug]{ egL atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] e'O{Femf . ~ t]n 5'jfO gf) ljz]if u] d0fsf] cfzf}rdf
lbg k'u]kl5 z'l4sf nflu g'gt]n 5f]P tfdf
xsf] rf]lvg] sd{ . g'lgof gf) lr;f]sf] k|ef
jn] df6f]af6 lg:sg] PsyL ;]tf] g'lgnf] kbfy{ ;f]8f . > g'lgnf] lj) g'g xflnPsf] g'g
ePsf] g'gsf] :jfb cfPsf] . g'g ' gf) [af) af])] lgbfpg] sfd ;'Tg] sfd lggL lrpF . g'g
] lj) [g'gP] != g'g xflnPsf] g'g a9L ePsf] rsf]{ . @= g'g;DaGwL g'gsf] . ~ hfpnf] gf)
k|foM s]6fs]6L lafdLn] vfg] g'g, a];f, cb'jf cflb xfnL lunf] uL ksfOPsf] hfpnf] jf
eft . ~ Aofh gf) Ps ?lkofF ;fFjfsf] k|ltdlxgf Ps dfgf g'g lng], Dofb gf3]df 8aln
Fb} hfg] k'fgf] Lltcg';fsf] Aofh . g'K;] gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnsf] ;f]n'v'Da' lhNnfdf k
g]{ &,*&( ld6 cUnf] Ps lxdfnL kj{t>]0fL . g'jfsf]6 gf) != g]kfnsf] afUdtL c~rndf k
g]{ Ps lhNnf . @= To; lhNnfsf] ;bd'sfddf x]sf] Ps P]ltxfl;s lsNnf ePsf] 7fpF . #=
u08sL c~rnsf] :of
\hf lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k'fgf] P]ltxfl;s lsNnf . g'jfuL gf) [;+) gjfg]
x]s jif{ gofF wfgafnL kfs]kl5 sfFrf] rfdn bxL, s]f cflb Ps} 7fpF ldnfO{ d'5] b]jtf
tyf lkt[xnfO{ r9fO{ kl5 cfk"mn] vfOg] bxLrfdn gjfGg k|fzgsf] j:t GjfuL . gxfO gf)
gxfp ( cfO)] != gxfpg] sfo{ :gfg . @= emsfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . ~ wjfO gf) hLp gxf
pg] sk8f cflb wg] sfd wf]OkvfnL ug]{ lqmof :gfgzf}rflb sd{ . [> ] gxfOg s) lqm)
!= :gfg ufOg . @= emsfOg . ~ a8L gf) gxfpg] 8aN  sL dfg]{ sfd gfpa8L gfsa8L
. gxfpg c) lqm) [;+) :gfg cfp g] kfgLn] ;ff zL leHg] uL kvfNg :gfg ug{ . glxg
) [gx O g] gxg] sfd xg emlsg . gx  g c) lqm) [lgx g] != lgxlg emSg
| xg . #= xf vfg . gxfO gf) glxg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . g"tg lj) [;+)] != gofF gf}n
f] gjLg . @= ev{}sf] xfn}sf] tfhf . #= cgf}7f] ck"j{ . tf gf) gf}nf]kg gofFkg

kg]{ gLnf] bfu gLnf] 8fd . ~ kq gf) != gLnsdn . @= ljho;fnsf] v . #= Jofkf jf cGo of
]hgf;DaGwL cfn]v . $= vfsf k"jo { f]hgf gS;f k]vf . kb\d gf) gLnsdn . kf} gf) n
}sf h:tf kft xg] Ps hftsf] pv rgLpv . ~ a}hgL lj) gLnf] a}hgL ldl;Psf] _ . d
) Ps k|sfsf] axd"No gLnf] dl0f gL . jNnL gf) != c 7"nf vdf pd|g,] nfDrf kft xg,]
k"mn kmNg], ulnof ;;fgf kmn kmNg] a6Lljz]if . @= zLdf yk kmsG8f] p7\g] Ps f]u .
#= P]Fh]? . ~ jffxL gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] l7dL ;xsf] pQ e]udf x]sf] Ps jffxL sf7d
}F pkTosfsf k|l;4 rf jffxLdWo] Ps . ~ jLh gf) gLnf] ljho;fn . ~ j[If gf) PsyL j[If k|
] wKs] . ~ j[if gf) j}lbs wd{sf cg;f lkt[sf p2]Zon] o1 u] 5f]l8g] ;fF9] j[iff]T;u{s
f] ;fF9] . ; gf) kfgLdf klg fd|f; ] u F kf}l8g ;Sg] To;} p8\g klg ;Sg], efn] eP sfn
f] 6fpsf]df gLnf] xg] Ps k|sfsf] xfF; . gLnf gf) [;+)] != kf}fl0fs dfGotfcg;f sfnL
f] Ps zlQm . @= gLnf] agfpg] Ps k|sfsf] nxf] . gLnf~hggLnf~hgf gf) [;+)] != gLnf]ty
] . @= cfFvfdf nufpg agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] z[\ufls b|Jo ;df{ . gLnfDa gf) [;+)] != gLn
] sk8f . @= anfd . lj) #= gLnf] sk8f klxg] . gLnfDah gf) [;+)] gLnsdn . gLnfDd] lj)
[;+) gLndo] ;Dk"0f{ gLnf] ePsf] gLn}gLnf] . gLnfn gf) [;+)] sfnL9sfof] (Ps a6L)
. gLlnd lj) [;+)] gLnf]gLnf] j0f{sf] . > gLlndf gf) != gLnf]kg gLnf] ePsf] cj:yf .
@= gLnf] . gLnf] lj) x]) lgnf] . tyf] gf) x]) lgnf]ty  f] . gLjf gf) [;+)] != ltgf
wfg dlgwfGo . @= gfef]af6 pTkGg wfg . #= jgh\undf v]tL g} guL pAh]sf] wfg . gLjL g
f) [;+)] != wf]tL jf kmlofsf] dhf] . @= wf]tL jf kmlofsf] dhf] afFWg] 8f]L OFhf . #
= u7Lsf kdf flvPsf] ;DklQ . gLxf gf) [;+)] slxf] . > gLxflsf gf)!= slxf] . @= af
fsfzu\uf 3f afbn . gstf gf) [c) gSt] tnyf]KnL (pbf) j, cflb j0f{sf] k5fsf] yf]Knf]
. gufO gf) [ gufp ( cfO)] gufpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [> ] gufOg s) lqm) emsfOg . g
ufpg ;) lqm) [;+) gt > k|f) 0f c g] emsfpg gxfpg lgxfpg . > glug c) lqm) e
mlsg emSg] xf]Og . gt lj) [;+)] != gd:sf ulPsf] 9f]luPsf] . @= k|z+;f

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

g"k/g]kYo gjLgtf gf}NofOF . Tj gf) g"tgtf . g"k  gf) [;+)] != z[\ufsf nflu gfL
kfpdf nufpg] rfFbLsf emDsfbf sNnL kfph]a . @= gt{s gt{sLn] gfRbf nfpg] kfph]asf
cfsfsf] afhf kfon 3Fuf . g" gf) [c)] != rds t]h Hof]lt . @= zf]ef sflGt . #=  .
x; . $= cgxf (h:tf] g" lug{  cgxf lau|g) g[ gf) [;+)] dfG5] (;df;sf] cfDedf ljsNk
k|of]u xg] g zAbsf] k, h:t} g[l;+x, g[lkt O) . g[tTj gf) [;+)] dfgjlj1fg . jfb gf
jzf:q;Fu ;DalGwt jfb jf l;4fGt (;flxTodf g[tTjaf6 k|efljt klkf6L) . ~ lj1fg gf) g[
tTj . ~ zf:q gf) g[tj . g[t gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t gf6zf:qsf cg;f/ tfn / nosf ;fy ul/g] z
f:qLo k4ltsf] gfr gt{g gf6sf] cljsl;t k . g[To gf) [;+)] c\u;~rfngsf] k|fwfGo ePsf]
n, no tyf efjdf cfl>t ePsf] gfr g[QeGbf ljsl;t t k"} ljsl;t eOg;s]sf] gf6 . ~ gfl6sf
gf) gfr}gfr dfq xg] Ps k|sfsf] gf6s . zfnf gf) gfRg] 3 \ud~r d~rg xg] 7fpF gfr3
lt gf) [;+)] fhds6sf] clwsfL fhf g]z . g[kz lj) [;+)] != dflg; eP klg kz;xsf]
dfG5]) . gf) #= cwd JolQm . g[jz + gf) [;+)] dfgj;dfh . ~ zf:q gf) dfgjsf j+zkDkfsf]
cWoog;Fu ;DalGwt zf:q (PGy|fk ] f]nf]hL) . g[z; + lj) [;+)] != sg} bofdfof gfvL c
JolQmnfO{ ;tfpg] clt lgb{oL Hofb} q"m . @= xToff 3fts . tf gf) q"mtf lgb{oL efj .
gf) [;+)] != lzsf] efu l;+xsf] afFsL efu dflg;sf] ePsf] lji0fsf] rty{ cjtf lx0oslz
ksf] xTof ug{ lji0fn] lnPsf] cjtf . @= kfqmdL JolQm jL k?if . rtbz { L gf) j}zfv
zSn rtbz { L . ~ kf0f gf) g[l;+xsf] dfxfTDo j0f{g ulPsf] Ps pkkf0f . g]psf] gf) [
g]kmf sf]] ;?jfn jf kmlofsf] dfl:tsf] k]mfdf ufFl;g] nfDrf] sk8f g]kmf Gof}sf] . g]s
gf) [g]jf)] dvn] kms] ahfOg], e}F;Lsf l;sf] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . g]u gf) [kmf) lgufx]
!= hGtL cf]lNsPafkt bdfO{s F f] gfOs] (g]uL) n] kfpg] lzkfp . @= ljjfx, j|taGw c
flb ze sfo{df sfd ug]{ Oi6ldqxnfO{ lbOg] b:t v;LofnLsf kj{xdf afnL3] bdfO{F r]nLa
6LnfO{ lbOg] pkxf jf k};f . > g]uL gf) != g]u kfpg] JolQm g]u lng] JolQm . @= bdfO{
F . g]luof/g]luof] gf) [g]u ofof]] lax], j|taGw cflb
706

pT;jdf afhf ahfpg] bdfO{Fxsf] aGbf]a:t lgoGq0f ug]{ d"n bdfO{F . ~ k]m6f gf) g]luo
fxnfO{ pT;jdf lbOg] k]m6f . g]uLhf]uL gf) [g]uL hf]uL] pT;j cflbdf g]u kfpg] clwsfL jf
g]uLb]lv hf]uL;Ddsf] ;dbfo . g]ul ] 6e lj) [c\)] != gsffTds lgif]wfTds C0ffTds kf]l
l6esf] pN6f] . gf) @= ;Ssn tof kfg{sf nflu lvlrPsf] k|lts[lt k|lt5lj . g]6f] gf) [;
+) gb[i6] != cfFvfn] b]Vg EofOg];Ddsf] 6f9fsf] 7fpF b" lIflthdf cfFvfn] ghflgFbf]
lsl;dn] 7DofOg] :yn . @= 8fF8fsf] l;fg eGHof . g]tf gf) [;+)] != sg} fhgLlts bn jf hg
dbfonfO{ c;n af6f] b]vfpg] JolQm sg} ;dfhdf g]t[Tj lbg ;Sg] JolQm cujf gfOs] . @=
gf6s, dxfsfJo cflbsf] k|dv kfq . #= n}hfg] JolQm af6f] atfOlbg] JolQm . $= gfos d
flns . lj) %= sg} bn jf hg;dbfonfO{ c;n af6f] b]vfpg] g]t[Tj ug]{ . ~ u0f gf) g]tf
xsf] ;dbfo . luL gf) hfgLghfgL g]tfsf] wfs hdfpg] sfd cfgf] ;fdYo{ljgf klg a8Kkg b]
fpg] k|lqmof . g]lt lafnf] gf) gfO6f]glhs} s:t"L d[usf] h:tf] ;uGwL lagf xg] Ps k
|sfsf] lafnf] . g]tL gf) [;+) g]lqsf] bxL dy] gf}gL jf l3p lgsfNbf dwfgL 3dfpg] 8f]L
bxL, b"w cflb dYbf rflxg] :;L . ~ wf]tLwf}tL gf) sk8fsf] nfdf] whf]sf] s]xL efu dv
af6 lgNb} k]6df kofO{ k]6 ;kmf ug]{ x7of]usf] Ps lqmof . g]tT [ j gf) [;+)] != sg}
bn jf hg;dbfosf] ;fdbflos sNof0f ug{ ulg] dfu{k|bz{g . @= g]tfsf] sfd jf kb cuj
fn] ug]{ sfo{ . #= sg} gofF sfsf] vf]hdf jf gf}nf] l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbgdf ;a}eGbf klx
n] ;kmn xg] sfo{ . g]q gf) [;+)] != cfFvf rIf gog . @= g]tL . #= afF;, pv cflbsf
] cfFVnf] . sgLlgsf gf) cfFvfsf] gfgL . ~ sf]if gf) cfFvfsf] sf]; . R5b gf) cfFvfsf
] 9sgL kns . ~ hn gf) cfF; . ~ bfg gf) cGwf]nfO{ cfFvf jf b[li6 lbg] sfo{ . ~ dn gf
) sr]f . ~ f]d gf) k]nf . > g]qfDa gf) cfF; . ~ lzlj gf) g]qbfg lbg] lzlj . g]qL
+)] :qL g]tf dlxnf g]tf . g]kRog gf) [c\)] ;"o{b]lv ;a} u|xeGbf 6f9f xg] ;f}d08nsf]
Ps u|x . g]kYo gf) [;+)] != gf6zfnfdf clego ug]{ kfqxn] kf];fs abNg] l;Fufk6f ug]{,
bf{k5fl8sf] 5} 7fpF \ud~rleqsf] sf]7f gfr3sf] kbf{leqsf] efu . @= j]ze"iff l;Fufk6
g]kYof]lQm gf) gf6sdf bz{s \ud~rsf kfqxn] ;Gg] uL kbf{leqaf6 elgPsf] sf .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
707

g]k/\gg]K6fO g]kfnL lj) [g]kfn O{] != g]kfn;DaGwL g]kfnsf] g]kfndf ag]sf] . @= g]Kff
a;f]af; ug]{ g]kfnsf] afl;Gbf g]kfnL gfulstf k|fKt u]sf] . gf) #= g]kfnsf hflt . $=
ax;\Vos g]kfnLn] af]Ng] efiff g]kfnsf] fi6efiff . ~ sfut gf) glrf], l;:g, cNnf] cf
b af]6la?jfsf kf6af6 g]kfnd} tof xg] sfut kxf8L sfut . ~ lrfOtf] gf) nfdf kft, ftf]
8fF7 ;]tf k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] lrfOtf] . (cfojb {] df o;sf] u0f Hjgfzs, ?lrj4{s 7
G8f atfOPsf] 5) . ~ gfuls gf) g]kfnsf] hGdl;4 gfuls afXo dns  af6 g]kfndf cfP g]kfn
sf] gfulstf P]gadf]lhdsf ;t{x k"f uL g]kfnsf] s[lqd gfulstf k|fKt u]sf] JolQm . ~ gfu
tf gf) g]kfnL gfuls ePsf] x}l;otn] kfOg] clwsf ugk { g]{ st{Jo g]kfnL gfuls xg] cj
yf, kb jf efj . ~ efiff gf) eff]k]nL efiffkljfsf] ztd\ ju{af6 ;+:s[t, k|fs[t cke|z
b F } hGd]sf] cfwlgs eftLo cfo{efiffsf] Ps e]b b]jgfuL lnlkdf n]lvg] g]kfnsf] fi6ef
iff g]kfndf a:g] ljleGg efiffefifLxsf aLr ljrfljlgdo ug]{ dfWod efiff ax;\Vos g]kfnL
xsf] efiff . ~ efiff k|sflzgL ;ldlt gf) ;+) !(&) ;fndf :j) >L % lqejg tfTsfnLg f0f
f k|wfgdGqL :j) >L # rGb|zdz]sf] ;dodf uf]vf{ efiff k|sflzgL ;ldltsf gfdn] :yflkt ;
+:yf hf] kl5 g]kfnL efiff k|sflzgL ;ldlt (g]) ef) k|) ;)) sf gfdn] k|l;4 eof] cGTo
df ;femf k|sfzg aGg kUof]) . ~ Aofrn gf) v}f] sf] hLp t rRrf] 5ftL ;]tf] ePsf], g
nsf] 8f]6Lb]lv tfKn]h;Dddf kfOg], uF8 nufpFbf 3fF; ePsf] v 5fGg] a;]{lg To;}sf]
jlkl g} al;xg] ?kLh:t} Ps vfnsf] rf] . g]kfn] lj) [g]kfn P] != g]kfnsf] . @= g]kfn pkT
sfsf] . g]kn  gf) [c\) lgkn] != hQfdf nufOg] k"mnLsf] Kjfn kfg]{ xft] ;fwg . @=
d}G6n, :6f]e cflb afNbf t]n kmfNg] ;fgf] bnf] . #= klDk ;]6 cflbdf kfOknfO{ d]
l;g;Fu hf]8\g] dWo:y ;fwg . g]k ] lj) [;+) lgDg P] gfs sf]lKrPsf] y]Krf] gfs ePsf] .
g]kf] lj) [;+) lgDg] g]K6f] g]k] . g]K6fO gf) [g]K6f] cfO] g]K6f] xgfsf] efj jf l:y
lt g]K6f]kgf . g]lK6g c) lqm) [g]K6f] O g] g]K6f] jf r]K6f] xg y]lKrg r]lK6g . g
] lj) [g]K6f] P] gfs y]lKrPsf] r]K6f] gfs xg] sf0fjz g]K6f] eP gfs ljs[t ePsf] . ~ gf
gf) g]lK6Psf] gfs y]Krf] gfs . g]K6f] lj) [;+) lgDg6] gfs g]lK6Psf] y]Krf] gfs xg]
g]kf] . g]K6fO gf) [ g]lK6 ( ofO)] g]lK6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .

;\uLt gf) rnlrq jf gf6sdf ufos gb]lvg] t aflx ;Gg ;lsg] ;\uLt . g]k\g ;) lqm) [;+
f0f] != k?if]lGb|osf] 6Kkfsf] 5fnf kmsf{pg ln\usf] cluNnf] efusf] 5fnf vNSofpg
. @= dl:nd wd{cg;f afnssf] ln\usf] 6Kkfsf] 5fnfsf] efu sf6L ofFSg vbgf ug{ . >
g]kl; gf) != l;fpg], pNsf ug]{ egL dflgPsf, sf7df8f}Fsf Ps b]ptf . @= k?if]lGb|o ln
u . lj) #= lgvlNsPsf] g]lk|Psf] . g]kfO gf) g]kg]{ jf g]lk|g] lqmofk|lqmof . g]kfOg
 s) lqm) g]klg] kfg{ . g]kfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) g]kg{ jf g]kg{ nufpg . g]kl/g c
lqm) a}F;, wg 3dG8n] kmNg dflQg lgkmlNsg . g]kofO gf) g]klg] lqmof jf lsl;d .
]kfn gf) [;+)] != ljZj dfglrqdf Pl;of dxfb]zsf] Ps efudf x]sf], ;jf]{Rr lxdlzv ;udfy
f ePsf], pQdf rLgsf] ltAat blIf0fdf eft, k"j{df d]rL klZrddf dxfsfnL;Dd k}mlnPsf]
Ps ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg :jtGq fi6 . @= kj{t] hfltsf] Ps y (y cy{df) . :qL) g]kfNgL . ~ c
f}Bf]lus ljsf; skf] { ; ] g gf) @)!$ ;fndf cf}Bf]lus ljsf; s]Gb|sf] gfdn] :yflkt e
O{ @)!^ ;fnb]lv ;+:yfgsf kdf kl0ft ePsf], pBf]u wGbfx vf]Ng C0f lbg] ;+:yfg g]kfn cf
}Bf]lus ljsf; ;+:yfg . tff gf) tTsfnLg fhf lqejgaf6 !(&% ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbjL . ~
k|1f k|lti7fg gf) g]kfnsf ;a} efiff, ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, ;fdflhszf:q tyf bz{gsf] ;+/
If0f, ;+j4{g / ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] ;/sf/L :taf6 u7g ul/Psf] Ps ;+:yf . ~ k|tfk ef:
s gf) :jb]z / ljb]zsf /fhf/fgLnfO{ dfq k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@# ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbjL
. ~ k|tfk j4{s gf) ;]gfsf pRr kb:y clws[tnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] !(&% ;fndf :yfl
kt Ps kbs . ~ k|zf;lgs k|lzIf0f k|lti7fg gf) @= )#( ;fnb]lv k|zf;g lzNkdf tflnd l
bg] p2]Zon] :yfkgf ePsf], kl5 :jtGq ;+:yfg xg] p2]Zo lnP xfn >L % sf] ;sfsf] ]vb]vd
f vn]sf] Ps k|lzIf0fs]Gb| . ~ a}s \ lnld6]8 gf) g]kfndf !(($ ;fndf :yflkt, ;aeGbf
kfgf] Jofj;flos Aof\s . ~ e"if0f gf) k|z; + gLo sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Z
on] @)@# ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ~ dxfk|tfkj4{s gf) ;]gfsf] u0fklt jf ;f]eGbf dflys
f JolQmxnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@) ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ~ ozf]j4{s gf) / 0fIf]q
df cfgf] lj/tf b]vfpg] ;]gfsf] klbsnfO{ lbOg] p2]Zon] @)@) ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs .
~ fhsLo k|1f k|lti7fg gf) x]) g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg . ~ >Lkb gf) /fhkl/jf/ / ljlzi6 Jol
Qmx?nfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)!( ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs .
~

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65

g]lk|gg}j]B g]K6fOg s) lqm) g]K6f] kflg . g]K6fpg k|) ] lqm) g]K6f] kfg{ y]KRof
. g]lk|g  c) lqm) [g]k|f] O g] != af\lug lgb]l{ zt af6f]af6 axlsP dgnfuL ug{ eg]s
jf cx|fPsf] gdfGg . @= g]lk|Psf] xg vlNsg . ] gf) g]lk|of] eGg] cy{df g]k ]|
lj) g]lk|Psf] (JolQm) . ~ sfFh k|of]u xg] zAbfjnL . g]kf| ] lj) [;+) lgj[Q] != c
8af\uf] eg]cx|fPsf] gdfGg] hs{6 . @= vlQPsf] vfnf] ;]sf] . g]Ko|fO gf) [ g]lk| ( of
= g]lk|g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [g]Ko|fp cfO] @= g]Ko|fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [> ] g]Ko|fOg s) lqm) g]lk|g] tNofOg . g]Ko|fpg k|]) lqm) g]lk|g] tNofpg g
]lk|g] kfg{ . g]Ko|fxf lj) g]lk|g] vfnsf] g]klPsf] . g]Ko|fx6 gf) g]lk|g] efj, l:yl
t jf lqmof k|lqmof . g]kmf gf) [kmf) g]km] ;?jfn, k]6Lsf]6, kfOhfdf cflbsf] sddf c
Nemfpg] k]mf]df OFhf xfNg bf]Ao|fP l;OPsf] efu OFhf3 . g]an  f gf) != g]kfnL el6of
Kr]xsf] Ps ;\u7g (bflh{ln) . @= To;} ;\u7gaf6 rnfOPsf] klqsf . [c\)] #= c;\V tffxs
:ju{\uf . g]dlg gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf k|frLg j+zfjnLdf pNn]v ePsf k|l;4 dlg . (log}s
f] gfdaf6 g]kfn gfd x]sf] eGg] ls+jbGtL 5) . g]g]l gf) of]) [;+) lgs6 > k|f) l0f c8]
glhs} ;dLk lgs6 lg . lqm) lj) @= ;dLkdf . g]n gf) [;+) lgu8] s}bLsf] uf]8fdf nufOg]
Ps lsl;dsf] kmnfd] j:t . g]ns6 gf) [c\)] g sf6\g] ;fwg . g]j gf) [;+) g"k] gfLn]
kfpdf z[\ufsf nflu nufpg] rfFbLsf] emDsfbf sNnL kfph]a . g]jf gf) [g]jf)] g]jf hflt
g]jf gf) [g]jf) g]jf] g]kfnsf] k|foM ;xL If]qdf a;f]af; ug]{ Ps k|l;4 hflt . > g]j
fL lj) != g]jf;DaGwL g]jfsf] . gf) @= g]jf hfltsf] efiff . g]jfL gf) [;+)] sGbsf h
;fgf;fgf ;]tf ;uGwL k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] nxf] To;s} k"mn gjdlNnsf . g]jf] lj) [g]jf
g]jf hflt;Fu ;DalGwt g]jfL . g]jfnL gf) [;+)] g]jfL k"mn gjdlNnsf . g]x  gf) [gfx
fndf kfOg] h\unL e]8f] gfx . g} lgkf) sg} zAbsf] ;fdGg] cfO{ To;sf] cy{df ljz]if hf
]8 lbg] zAb (pbf) fd xf]Og, ltdL g} vfa 5f}) . g}s6 gf) [;+)] ;fdLKo lgs6tf .
[> ]
708

g}sfpg gf) [gfOs] pg] gfOs]n] kfpg] b:t gfOs]n] lng] efu . g}lsgL gf) [gfOs] OgL] != g
Os]sL kTgL . @= gfos gfL . g}sn ] f] gf) [gfOs] Pnf]] != gfOs]n] kfpg] sd jf efu . @=
gfOs]n] kfpg] latf{ jf hflu . g}ud lj) [;+)] != lgud;DaGwL j]b;DaGwL . gf) @= pklg
ifb\ . g}rf gf) [kmf) g]r] tdfv vfg] xSsfsf] 3FulPsf] gnL . g}lts lj) [;+)] fd|f
] cfr0f;DaGwL gLlt;Fu ;DalGwt gLltsf] gLlt;DaGwL . ~ tj gf) g}lts u0f jf efjgf . ~ k
g gf) kDkfut wd{lgodsf] kllwaf6 aflx uPsf] cj:yf g}lts Jojxfsf] pNn\3 \ g rfllqs
lj) [;+)] != lgTosf] lgTo xg] lbgxFsf] . gf) @= lgTosd{ . g}bflgs lj) [;+)] != lg
bfg ug]{ . gf) @= lgbfg lgsfNg] cf}ifwLljz]if1 (Kofyf]nf]lhi6, Aofs6]f]nf]lh:6, ]l
8of]nlh:6 O)) . g}g;t gf) [g}g  ;t] Ps hftsf] c;n ldlxg ;]tf] ;tL sk8f . g}gL g
f) [gfpm gL] != gfpm hftsL :qL . @= gfpmsL kTgL . #= xftuf]8fdf d]xFbL nufOlbg] :q
L jf g sfl6lbg] :qL glgL . g}g  gf) [;+) gog] k]jfcfFv] af ePsf] Ps hftsf] sk8f . g
kfn lj) [;+)] != g]kfnsf] . gf) @= g]kfn b]z . > g}kflns lj) != g]kfnsf] g]kfndf to
f ePsf] . gf) @= tfdf wft . #= f8L kfvL . g}k0  o gf) [;+)] l;kfnkg lgk0ftf sznt
}zn . g}ldlQs lj) [;+)] != sg} ljz]if lgldQ;Fu ;DalGwt k|of]hgljz]ifn] ulg] (sfd, pT
;j cflb) . @= cfsl:ds crfgs 36\g] . g}oflos gf) [;+)] != Gofozf:qdf kf\ut GofoljBfsf]
ljfg\ Gofoj]Qf . @= ts{zf:qsf] ljfg\ tfls{s JolQm . g}Gto{ gf) [;+)] nuftf eOxg] l
jf efj cljlR5Ggtf lgGt xgfsf] efj ;ftTo lgGttf . g}fZo gf) [;+)] cfzf IfL0f xgf
zf ePsf] l:ylt lgfzf . g}C{t lj) [;+)] != lgC{lt;DaGwL . gf) @= g}C{To . > g}Ct { L
gf) g}C{Tosf]0f . g}CT { o gf) [;+)] != b; lbzfdWo] Ps blIf0fklZrd aLrsf] sgf] g}C{To
lbzf . @= g}C{To lbzfsf] clwi7ftf b]jtf lgClt . g}jb ] gf) [;+) g}jB ] ] b]jtfnfO
{ clk{Psf] vfB j:t eujfg\nfO{ ef]u nufOPsf] vfB kbfy{ g}j]B . g}j]B gf) [;+)] g}j]
b .

c:\Sabdkosh\dickNa.p65
709

g}ifwgf}af]8L lnpg,jh| cflb nufPsf 7fpFdf ;DDofpg] jf 3f]6g \ ] sf7sf] ;fwg . gf}
! gf) [;+) gj] != cf7 Ps hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vof ( sf] c\s . lj) @= gf} ;\Vofdf kg]{ jf c
7kl5sf] c\ssf] . gf}@ gf) [;+)] != gfp 8\uf . @= kfgLhxfh gf}sf . gf}sf gf) [;+)] !=
gfp 8\uf . @= kf]t kfgLhxfh . > gf}sf>o gf) hxfh c8fpg] hnfzo aGbufx 3f6 . gf}sLL
) ge (k|sfz) sL6 O{] aQLdf xf]ldg cfpg] sLf] df]y . gf}u\uf gf) [;+) gju\uf] rflxPhlt
w]} . gf}uhf lj) [gf} uh cf] != gf} uh ePsf] c7f xft ePsf] -sk8f_ . gf) @= gf} uh kldf
f] sk8fsf] 6qmf] . gf}u8 ] L gf) [gf} u]8f] O{] gf}j6f jf Tof]eGbf sda];L ;g jf du
fsf u]8L kf]t,] wfuf] cflbsf aLraLrdf plgPsf] dfnf . gf}hjfg lj) [kmf)] != r9\bf]
pd]sf] t?gf] kf] . gf) @= gjojs t?gf] dfG5] . > gf}hjfgL gf) t?gf] cj:yf gjof}jg .
}6\sL gf) [;+) gf6 c\sL O{] d]nf, kj{ xf6ahf cflbdf hg;fwf0fnfO{ b]vfOg] xNsf lsl;d
]~hg ufpg] gfrufg, gf6s cflb . gf}ltL gf) [gf} ;+) lq] != afnsx ;d"xdf ldn] v]Ng] Ps
. @= kf;fsf] v]ndf gf} (5tLg rLkGhf) k]df ltg]{ t]x| (P3fbO{ kf]6 afx|) k]df
psf] v]n . gf}gf8Lgf}gfL gf) [;+) gjgf8L] != zfLls zlQm . @= zLsf ;a} c\u . gf}gL
) gjgLt] bxL jf b"w dy] lgsflnPsf] ;f dSvg gttfOPsf] l3p . gf}kf]s ] gf) [gf} kf]sf] P
fO{e; F} L laofPkl5 klxnf] 5fssf] lauf}tL 7"nf kftdf a]] gf} kf]sf kfL blng jf lgbf
nsf] vfFbdf 3;f] b]ptfnfO{ 5fOg] efu . gf}a\uL gf) [GjfuL < ;+) gjfGgs O{)] gofF af
kfs]kl5 k"jL{ tfO{sf lwdfn hfltn] dgfpg] Ps pT;j GjfuL . gf}at gf) [c)] != sg} cjfl~
5t 36gf 36\g] jf 36]sf] l:ylt clgi6 l:ylt . @= vfa xfnt bb{zf . #= baf jf dlGbsf] d"
9f]sfdf k|ltlbg lgoldt kn] ahfOg] df\ulns afhf gf}dtL afhf . vfgf gf) baf jf dlGb
"n 9f]sfdfly x]sf] lbgxF df\ulns afhf ahfOg] sf]7f . gf}la;] lj) [gf} la; P] != gf}aL;
dL df6f] ePsf] (cfafbL hUuf) . @= Ps ;o c;L ;\Vofsf] . gf) #= lqejg fhkydf kg]{
Ps :yfg . gf}af]8L gf) [gf} af]8L] != ;jf la;f}nL ;jf wfgL{ . @= kfFr ;]afasf] gfkf] .

g}ifw gf) [;+)] !+ lgifw b]zsf eftLo fhf gn fhf . @= slj >Lxif{ff lrt k|l;4 dxfsfJo
lgisfd efjn] ulPsf] sd{ . g};lu{s lj) [;+)] :jefjl;4 :jfefljs k|fs[lts . g}li7s lj)
[;+)] lgi7f ePsf] O{ZjLo k"hfcfhf ug]{ :jwd{lgb]{lzt cfr0fsf] cg;0f ug]{ lgi7fsd{ ug
{ lgi7fjfg\ . gf]s gf) [kmf) gf}s] != sg} ;fgf]ltgf] 3fo;L sfd ufpg dfl;s tna lbP j
lkg ufP flvPsf] JolQm . @= ;]js rfs . #= sdff] bf; . ~ rfs gf) gf]sxsf] hTyf jf
nfUg] rfsL ug]{ JolQm ;]jsu0f . ;fxL gf) != j]tgef]uL sd{rfLxff g} ;~rflnt zf;g
= cf>obftf JolQmljz]ifsf] k"0f{tM rfsL ug]{ k|j[lQ . > gf]sfg gf) gf]sxsf] ;dbfo ;]j
u0f . gf]sL gf) [gf]s O{] != tna lnP ulg] sfd hflu . @= ;]jf . ~ s gf) gf]sL kfPa
df x];Dd tnasf] k|ltztsf] kdf nfUg] zNs . gf]S;fg gf) [c) gS;fg] != xflg Iflt, Go"
gtf . @= sdL . #= 3f6f 8fs . > gf]s;fgL gf) != gf]S;fg 6f 3f6f . lj) @= gf]S;fg ePsf
. gf]hn gf) [c)] != kfgL eg]{ 6f\sLdf xg] Kjfn ePsf] Ps oGq . @= klDk ;]6, uf8L cfl
bdf t]n xfNg] rRr] c\u . gf]6 gf) [c\] != clws[t kFhL wf}6L ;lIft fvL clwsfk|fKt
s jf ;sfaf6 rnfOPsf] sfuhL dbf | . @= sg} sfsf] ;Demgfsf nflu n]lvPsf] 5f]6sL n]v l
0fL . #= sg} u|Gy, jfSo jf zAbaf] n]lvPsf] ;nLs[t cy{ 6Lsf . ~ as gf) dxjk"0f{ sfo{
f 36gfsf] l6kf]6 ug]{ ;fgf] sfkL l6kf]6kl:tsf . gf]a6f gf) [g]jf) gjtf] 8sdL{ l;sdL
{n] uff] cyjf yfdsf] sf]0f ldnfpg k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg a6fd . gf]a]n k':sf gf) [gf]a]nk'
ef}lts lj1fg, ;fogzf:q, cy{zf:q, zLlj1fg, cf}ifwlj1fg, ;flxTo zflGth:tf If]qdf pNn
]vgLo of]ubfg ug]{, ljZjsf h'g;'s} JolQmnfO{ k|ltjif{ 5'f5'} k|bfg ulg] l:j8]gsf gf
ul/s cNk|m]8 jg{xf8{ gf]a]nf/f ;g\ !()! df :yflkt ljZjk|l;4 k':sf . gf]eD ] a gf) [c
\
] u|]uf]L kfqf]cg';f jif{rqmsf] P3ff}F dlxgf sflt{s cfwfcfwLb]lv d
\l; cfwfcfwL;Dddf k
]{ O:jL ;+jt\sf] tL; lbgsf] dlxgf . gf]n gf) [g]jf) gf]] != b'O{ 6'Kkfdf vk{g jf
To:t} c efL e'mG8fO{ sfFwdf af]lsg] sf7 jf afF;sf] df]6f] b08L . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65

gf}dtLGofofwLz gf}dtL gf) [c) gf}atO{] != gf}at . @= eftsf k|l;4 jfBjfbs gf}at vfFsf
] ;Demgfdf gfds0f ulPsf s]xL afhfx (9f]ns, 6fDsf], ;gxL, t'xL, sgf{n O)) . gf} d'L l
[gf}d'L] w]} k|z:t y'k}| . gf}
\uL lj) [gf}
\uO{] != gf} jf Tof]eGbf w]}
ePsf
sl;dsf] . gf) #= 6fpsf] s'v ' fsf], xft dfG5]sf], k'R5 ;k{sf] o:t} ljleGg c
\u ldl;P
ag]sf] sfNklgs k|f0fL gjs~h . gf}
\u] gf) [gf}
\uP] != g]kfnsf] fli6o kG5L 8fFk]
ePsf] . gf}yf gf) [;+) gjflq] cflZjg z'Sn k|ltkbfb]lv gjdL;Ddsf lbg ljhof bzdLk"js
{ f gf} lbg gjyf . gf}nvf lj) [gf}nfvcf] gf} nfv ?lkofF kg]{ jf ax'd"No . ~ dl0f gf)
s ax'd"No dl0f . ~ xf gf) Ps ax'd"No xf . gf}nfvL lj) [gf}nfvO{] gf} nfv ?lkofF kg]{
'd"No . gf}nL lj) [gf}nf]O{] != ev{ 3df cfPsL gofF (:qL) . @= ev{} kllrt ePsL (:qL)
= ckllrt glrg]sL (:qL) . gf}nf] lj) [;+) gjn] != klxn] gb]v]sf] ev{} dfq cfPsf] (k'?i
f) . @= gofF gjLg . #= xfn;fn} lrghfg ePsf] ev{} kllrt . $= ckllrt lrghfg gePsf] . gf
%= wfdLsf Ps b]ptf . kf}nf] lj) gofF ev{sf] . > gf}NofO gf) gf}nf]kg gjLgtf . gf}z
gf) [;+)] gf};g ] fsf] zlQm ;d'bL | cleofgsf] zlQm . gf};fb gf) [kmf) gf}zfb] Ps k|s
fsf] km:sf] s8f Iff kbfy{ . gf}l;Gbf gf) [kmf) gjLl;Gb] c8\8fcbfntsf] tNnf] bhf{sf]
sflGbf sd{rfL . gf};]gf gf) [;+)] ;d'b|L hxfhsf] dfWodaf6 o'4 ug]{ kmf}h hn;]gf . ~
;]gfklt gf) gf};]gfsf] xflsd . > gf};}lgs gf) gf};g ] fsf] l;kfxL . Gou|fw ] gf)
[;+)] != jsf] v . @= lji0f' . #= lzj . kld08nf gf) :tg, lgtDa, sDd cflb ;a} zfLls
n] cfsif{s ePsL :qL . Go:t lj) [;+)] != ;Def ulPsf] flvPsf] . @= ldlNsPsf] kmflnPsf]
b]x lj) d]sf] . Gofp gf) [c) d")] != lafnf], Gofpnf], dh' cflb sfpFbf ;'lgg] Wjlg
. @= lafnf] (afnaf]nLdf)
\fpF . Gofp gf) [ef]) a)] df5f dfg]{ 9'
u \ fsf] kf;f] df5f
g]{ 9'] ;fwg . GofpL gf) [;+) gsn] ;k{ d';f vf]hLvf]hL vfg] Ps hftsf] h
\unL d';f] .
d';f] gf) GofpL . Gofpf] gf) [Gofpf]] lafnfsf] ;fgf] 5fpf] lafnfsf]
710

aRrf] . F f] r'Rrf], gLnf] GofpnL gf) [c) d") GofpnL] != kx]n 6fpsf], xlof] k'R5 ftf
e'F8L x'g] Ps hftsf] rf] . @ tLgj6f afF;sf jf o:t} gnLaf6 :j lgl:sxg], rf}yf] gnLd
f afF;'Lsf h:tf ljleGg :jsf Kjfnx x'g] kfFrf}F gnLaf6 k'ms] 5fnf cflbsf] vnfFtLh:tf]
y}nLdf xfjf eL ahfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] afhf . Gofpnf] gf) [c) d") Gofpnf]] GofpnL rf] .
GofsGofs gf) [c) d") Gofsc (l))] != l;fPsf] a]nf kz'kIfLn] lgsfNg] cfjfh
fs
fs . @=
if . ~ g'sg's gf) != kz'kIfLaf6 lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf] cfjfh
fs
fs
's
's . @= sg} sfd cx|
6fn ug]{ afgL . #= c;Gtf]if . Goftkf]n gf) [g]jf)] !&^% ;fndf fhf e"ktLGb| dNnn] a
gfPsf], eQmk' lhNnfsf] 6f}d9L 6f]ndf cjl:yt g]kfnsf] Ps k|l;4 kfFrtn] b]jn . Gofg
'Gofgf] lj) != hf8fsf] a]nfdf ud agfpg] (:yn, sf]7f cflb) cffdbfoL . gf) @= l7Sssf] t
ftf] eP hf8fdf zLn] cg'ej ug]{ cfgGb . Gofo gf) [;+)] != ;'xfpFbf] jf plrt sf] dgfl;
Yo OG;fkm lg;fk lgofF . @= d'2fdfldnfdf ljleGg k|df0f a'emL jfbL jf k|ltjfbL sg} Pss
f kIfdf ulPsf] lg0f{o k}m;nf . #= sg} ljifoaf] ts{k0 " f{ ljj]rgf ug]{ 5 bz{gdWo] Ps
bz{g . $= gLlt . stf{ lj) Gofo ug]{ lg;fkmL . tM lqm) lj) Gofoff . ~ ks lj) Gof
. ~ kfo0f lj) Gofok|d ] L . ~ kfo0ftf gf) Gofok|ltsf] k|d ] . ~ kflnsf gf) ;sfsf tL
udWo] b]zsf] sfg'gnfO{ sfof{lGjt ug]{ tyf To;s} cfwfdf hgtfsf xs lxtsf] ;'Iffsf ;f
y} Gofo lbg] lbnfpg] ;+jw } flgs c
\u . ~ k|0ffnL gf) Gofo k|bfg ug]{ k|aGw . ~ k|z
f;g gf) Gofoljefusf] k|zf;g Gofo;]jf . lk|o lj) Gofokfo0f . k|d ] L lj) GofonfO{ d
pg] . zLn lj) Gofo ug]{ vfnsf] . ~ z'Ns gf) Gofofnodf jfbL jf k|ltjfbLn] ltg'k { g
]{ z'Ns . ~ ;
\ut lj) Gofof]lrt Gofosf b[li6n] plrt . ~ ;ef gf) != Gofofno cbfnt . @=
sg} ljifosf] lg0f{osf lglDt a;]sf] ;ef . ~ ;]jf cbfnttkm{sf] ;]jf Gofofnosf] hflu .
~ ;]jf cfof]u gf) Gofo;]jfsf] ;?jf, a9'jf, axfnL vf];j ' fsf] lgoGq0f ug{] cfof]u
. Gofoflws0f gf) [;+)] lgwf{l/t clVtof/ lnP/ sg} ljz]if dfldnfsf] af/]df lg0f{o ug
{ lgo'Qm JolQm jf JolQmxsf] Ohnf; (l6Ao'gn) . GofofwLz gf) [;+)] cbfnt jf Gofofnosf
] k|dv ' clwsfL cbfntdf klcfPsf d'2fdfldnf jf ljjfbaf] k|df0f a'emL

c:\Sabdkosh\dick'Na'.p65
711

GofofnoGjffgGjfg Gofl;|g ' c) lqm) [Gof;|f]Og'] PSnf] eO{ vNnf] cg'ej x'g' Gof;|f]
lgofF;f | ] dfGg' . Gof;|f ] gf) [;+) lgf>o] != cfgf] lxtlrGts JolQm jf sg} cfTdLosf
] la5f]8af6 x'g] pf7nfUbf] l:ylt z"GonfUbf] cj:yf . @= sg} ;fyL gx'Fbf x'g] lvGgtf
. Gofx' gf) [gfx'] s:t"L d[usf] h:tf] e'Tnf x'g], e'sNn] vfnsf] Ps yL lxpFe]8f] . Gof
'n] gf) [GofnLP] b]p8fh:t} Ps g]kfnL nf]suLt . Go"g lj) [;+)] != yf]} sd gk'u . @= If
b| gLr . td lj) ;aeGbf yf]} kldf0fsf] ck]Iffs[t sd gfkf]sf] ;aeGbf ;fgf] . > Go"gtf
sdL gk'Ubf] xLgtf . Go"gflws lj) sda];L w]yf] yf]ax't . Go"gflwSo gf) 36La9L ePsf
. Gof}sf] gf)x]) g]psf] . GjfuL gf)x]) g'jfuL . GjfOGjfO gf) [af) af])] g'xfpg] sf
d :gfg xx . GjfgGjffg gf) [;+) gfds0f] != afns hGd]sf] tLgb]lv P3ff}F lbg;Dddf la
kfL flzcg';f afnssf] gfd fVg ulg] ;+:sf . @= lhfltsf iff]8z ;+:sfdWo] Ps ;+:sf g

oyfy{ lg0f{o lbg] jf 6u \ f] nufOlbg] JolQm >Ldfg\ Gofostf{ (hh) . Gofofno gf) [;+)
] ;fwf0f hgtfn] cGofo k]sf] avt Gofolg;fkmsf nflu wfpg] 7fpF GofofwLzn] d2fdfldnf
x] ] 5fglag ug]{ sfof{no cbfnt . GofoL lj) [;+)] Gofodf rNg] Gofocg;f cfr0f ug]{ l
Jojxf ug]{ Gofok|d ] L. Gofof]lrt lj) [;+)] Gofo;xfpFbf] Gofocg;fsf] Gofoadf]lhd 7
s ePsf] . Gof; gf) [;+)] != fVg] sfd :yfkgf . @= wf}6 lgIf]k . #= ;lIft uL flvlbg
csf{sf] dfn gf;f] . $= tflGqs k4ltsf cg;f b]jtfsf ljleGg c\u ;De]m dGq k9\b} cfgf lz
sfFw cflb c\u 5g] sfd . %= ufogsf] ;dflKtdf k|oQm xg] :j . ^= 5f]8\g] sfd Tofu
. wfL lj) wf}6L fVg] gf;f] fVg lbg] . Wofg gf) k"hf cflb wfld{s cgi7fgdf stf{af
of; lqmof b]jtfsf] Wofg . > Gof;L gf) != ;GGof;L hf]uL . lj) @= Tofu ug]{ TofuL . G
of;] lj) [g]jf) Gofl;rf] nf]tf]kf]tf] jf gvf kfg]{ lrKnf] 3:g] l7Ss kf/] nxl;g vf]Hg]
.

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65
kkSsf
712

k
k b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] PSsfO;f}F Jo~hg
cf]i7, :kzL{, c3f]if, cNkk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg kju{sf] klxnf] j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j
0f{ jf cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg ksf/ kf6L k . khfO gf) [kfFh \ cfO] kfFHg] lq
mof jf k|lqmof . kHofO gf) [ kHofp (cfO)] kFHofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] kHofOg' s)
kFHofpg] kflg' kFHofpg nfOg' kFhfOg' . kHofOnf] lj) kfFlhPsf] jf kFHofOPsf] kfFlhnf]
kHofpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [kfFhf]ofpg'] != wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] aLp pv]n] jf gn sf6]
gf;fgf yk|f kfg{ kfFhf agfpg . @= kfFhf agfpg nufpg jf kfFlhg] kfg{ . kbfO gf)
[ kfb\ (cfO)] kFhfO . [ > ] kbfOg' s) lqm) kFhfOg' . kbfpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) kFHof
kwfnf] gf) [;+) k|0ffn] != kfgL yfKgfsf lglDt vf]ns ] f] afF; t]:of{P To;dfly kfgL
9nf] kfL lrqf] fv] agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] 5fk|f] . @= s'nf] jf wffsf] kfgL Nofpgfsf lglD
t agfOPsf] e"ldut sf7 cflbsf] 8'F8 . kw ] L gf) [kFw]f]O{] kFw]f] jf kg]f] (nf]suLt,
t jf sljtfdf kfOg] k|of]u) . kw ] f] gf) [kg]f]] != vfg] kfgL lng hfg] s'jf cflb ;fj
{hlgs 7fpF kfgL3f6 hnfzo kg]f] . @= wfg, ;fu;AhL cflbdf nfuL ltgnfO{ laufg]{ Ps k|sfs
f] b'ul{ Gwt sLf] . > kwg ] L{ gf) kfgL eg{ kFw ] fdf hfg] :qL . kpg gf) [;+) kjg] !=
;gO{, d'nL cflb ahfpFbf f]lsg] jf k]mlg] ;f; . @= ;f; Zjf; k|f0fjfo' . kpn lj) [;+)
|r ' ] != rflxPeGbf w]} k|z:t kof{Kt dgUu] kf}n . gf) @= k|z:ttf kof{Kttf 5]nf]v]nf
f] . ks8 gf) [ks8\ (c)] != kS8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof kqmfp ;dftfO . @= x7 lh2L . #= ;
\uL
df fusf] :jk k|blz{t ug]{ s]xL d'Vo :jsf] ;d'bfo :jnxL . [ > ] ks8f gf) kqmf kqmfO
fO gf) kS8g] sfd jf 9fFrf ks8 . ks8fOg' s) lqm) kqmfOg' . ks8fp gf) != s'g} j:t' xft
n] cF7fpg] sfd kS8g] sfd ;dfTg] lqmof . @= s'g} ckfwLnfO{ k'ln; jf ;'Ifsn] lutf ug]
kqmfp lutfL . ks8fpg' k|) ] lqm) kqmfpg' . ksks lqm) lj) [c) d") ks\c(l))] != ef]s,
, si6 cflb x'Fbf d'v afpg] lsl;dn] KofsKofs . @= s'g} sfd wdfwd;Fu ug]{ uL v'?v'? .
#= nuftf pv]lng], dg]{ jf 9Ng] uL . $= kfk|f], af]qmf] cflb v'?v'? pKsg] uL . gf)
%= ksks x'g] l:ylt, lqmofk|lqmof . > kskstL ksksL lqm) lj) cem} ksks xg] uL . ksnf g
f) uf]a ;s] ag]sf] ;fx|f] 8Nnf] aguOF7f] . ksjfg gf) [;+) kSjfGg] ultnf] dL7f] ef]
hg ldi6fGg . ksfO gf) [ kfs\ ( cfO)] != kfSg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ksfp cfO] @= ksfpg] l
qmofk|lqmof . [ > ] ksfOg s) lqm) kfSg] kflg klkSj kflg . ksfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lq
cGg cflbnfO{ kfgLsf ;fydf efF8fdf fv] cfufsf cfFrdf unfpg vfg nfos agfpg klkSj kfg
{ . @= cfn, t?n cflbnfO{ cfufsf sf]Onf jf etetd ] f 3;f] unfpg . #= kmnk"mn
cflbnfO{ vfg of]Uo tNofpg kfSg] kfg{ . $= vl6f, kmf]sf cflbnfO{ pkrfff kLk elg] kf
{ . %= gf]sL jf sg} lsl;dsf] sfdff kfl>lds jf Hofnf cfh{g ug{ . ^= cfnfsfFrf JolS
tnfO{ lzIff, pkb]z cflbff k|a4  jf kfsf] ufpg . ksfks lqm) lj) [ks\ ks\] != Pskl5 cs
f]{ kSs jf ufF; xfn] skfsk vkfvk . @= s]xL sf] ubf{ Psl5g klg gf]lsO{sg wdfwd . #=
uftf Pskl5 csf]{ 9Ng] jf dg]{ uL . $= nuftf kfk|f], af]qmf] cflb pKsg] lsl;dn] . >
ksfksL lqm) lj) ksfks . ksf gf) [;+)] k cIf kju{sf] klxnf] j0f{ kf6L k . ksjf lj)
f] != kfs]sf] ksfPsf] (df; cflb vfB kbfy{) . @= kfSg] lsl;dsf] (ntf], df; cflb
)) . gf) #= ljz]if k|sfn] ksfPsf] df; cflbsf] k|sf kSs sjfkm . ksjfg gf) [;+) kSjf
Gg] kSjfGg ksjfg . ksf}8L gf) [kfs\ cf}8L] a];g (rgf, df;, kmfk cflbsf] kL7f]) kfgLdf
d5] ;fu, cfn, Kofh cflb n6k6fP l3p jf t]ndf kmfP ksfPsf] j:t kmf}nfsf] Ps k|sf
Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") ks\ s] != x]bf{ cfZro{rlst eP jf c1fgtfjz 6f]nfP lhNn . @= kfk|f,]
af]qmf], eOd F{ f blaPsf] 9\uf] cflb ;lhn}l;t pSsg] lsl;dn] kSnSs . #= dv afpg
] uL . $= af]Nbf ;f]rljrf} guLsg . %= PsfPs dg]{ jf 9Ng] uL . ^= 8Nnf cflbn] la:tf} l
xsf{pg] lsl;dn] KjfSs . &= vfB kbfy{ xnsf tjn] dvdf xfn] SjfKk VjfKk . kSs0f gf) [;
+)] h\unL jf rf08fn hfltsf] 3 jf ufpF kVofg . kSsf gf) [;+) kSj] != sg} sfd jf ljif
ok|lt ulPsf] jf ePsf] ;\sNk lgwf] c7f]6 lgZro . lj) @= kfs]sf] kfsf] . #= xf]l;of l
. $= alnof] dhat (3 OToflb) .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
713

kSsLkIf lqm) kqmg] kfg{ kqmg nfpg . kqmfx6 gf) kqmfO . klqmg ;) lqm) [kqm O g] !=
g . s) lqm) @= kqmfdf kg{ kqmf kg{ . kSnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") kSns\ s] != kfk|f], a
f]qmf], df6fdf ufl8Psf] 9\uf] cflb pKsg] lsl;dn] . @= v, la?jf cflb h}b]lv pv]lng]
lsl;dn] . #= PsfPs dg]{ uL etSs . kSj lj) [;+)] != kfs]sf] klkSj . @= ksfOPsf] kfs
ulPsf] . #= sg} ljifosf] ljz]if cgejL eStef]uL . $= kSsf b[9 lglZrt . %= k"0f{ kn]
ljsl;t ki6 . ^= kmn]sf] jf f}F sfnf]af6 ;]tf] ePsf], gf) &= ksfOPsf] vfg]s  f] k
SjfGg . tf gf) kSs xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf kfsf] cj:yf kfsf]kg . > kSjfGg gf) != ksfOPs
f] cGg ksfOPsf] vfg]sf] . @= cfufdf ksfOPsf] vfg]sf] (eft, f]6L cflb) . kSjfzo gf)
vfPsf] sf] k]6df uP kfSg] y}nf] kfs:ynL kfsfzo cfFt . kIf gf) [;+)] != p8\g] hLjhGt
f] zLsf bjk } l x]sf, p8\g d2t ug]{ k|foM eTnfjfn c\u kv]6f . @= 9f]sfsf kmUn]F6f j
vfkf f . #= sg} j:tsf bfofFafofF xg] cjoj kfZj{ . $= sg} j:tsf] cfwf efu . %= k|
tkbfb]lv cf}; F L jf k"l0f{df;Ddsf kGw| lbg rfGb| df;sf] cfwf dlxgf . ^= sg} lji
fosf cg]s tj jf bn . &= emu8f jf ljjfb ug]{xdWo] sg} Ps JolQm jf bn . *= ;xfos jf
;dfg ju{sf] hdft . (= af0fsf k]mbdf nfu]sf] KjfFv . !)= gbLsf] lsgff t6 . !!= hld
gsf] lefnf] efu kfvf] . !@= 5fgfsf bO{ lefnf kf6f . gf) of]) !#= lt tkm{ kl . ~ u|x
f) != sg} ljifosf cg]s kIfdWo] Ps kIflt nfUg] sfd kIfkft . @= Ps} dlxgfsf zSn s[
i0f bj} kIfdf nfu]sf] u|x0f . f gf) d"n9f]sfb]lv afx]ssf] csf]{ 9f]sf h:s]nf] kfZj{
w gf) ljleGg kIfdWo] Ps kIflt nfUg] JolQm kIfkftL . kft gf) cf}lrTo jf Gofosf] lj
guL sg} Ps kIfdf dfq nfUg] k|jl[ Q Ps kIfsf] ;dy{g tkmbfL kgkR5] . ~ kflntf gf) kI
tsf] k|jl[ Q jf cj:yf tkmbfL kIfu|x0f . kftL lj) kgkR5]df nfUg] kIfkft ug]{ tkmbf
]if0f lj) != sg} kIfsf] ;dy{g tkmbfL . gf)@= ljjfbdf cfgf kIfsf sfsf] kli6 ug]{ sf
. jft gf) zLsf] bfofF jf afofF cfwf c\u grNg] jf lgZr]i6 xg] Ps f]u nsjf kIff3f
kIff3ft gf) zLsf] bfofF jf afofF c\u r]tgxLg xg] Ps lsl;dsf] jftf]u jfoljsf jf S
f] sf0faf6 zLsf] bfofF jf afofF efu lgZr]i6 xg] lqmof kIfjft . kIffGt gf) != csf]{ k
f bf];f | ] kIf leGg kIf cnu kIf . @= kIfdf cfPsf] jf cfpg] kljt{g . kIffef; gf)

kSsL gf) sg} sfd jf ljifoaf] ulPsf] jf ePsf] v;f]vf; lgwf] k"} cfwfoQm lg0f{o . k
lj) [kSsf O{] !=kfsf] cgejL . @= :yfloTj k|fKt u]sf] :yfoL lgot . #= gvOlng] g
alnof] dhat . ~ 3 gf) vsf] ;f 9\uf, l6g cflbn] 5fOPsf] 3 l;d]G6n] hf]8s ] f] uf/
sf] 58 Pj+ l;d]G6n] 9nfg ulPsf] 5t ePsf] 3 . ~ 6fsf gf) n'uf cflb l;pFbf afasf] km
alnof] lsl;dn] ldnfP lbOg] 6fFsf . ~ gfkf] gf) j}1flgs ;fwgff lnOPsf] gfkf] . ~ k'n g
f) l;d]G6, 58 cflbn] 9nfg u] agfOPsf] l6sfp ;fF3' . ~ af6f] gf) f]8f cflb la5fP cnsqf
] alnof] l6sfp kflPsf] af6f] . ~ aft gf) lxGbLefifL Onfsfsf eftLoxsf cg';f :tLo lxGbL
efiffdf ulg] aftlrt . ~ efiff gf) lxGbL . ~
gf) w'b F f ghfg] jf gv'Olng]
. ~ ;8s
sfnf]kq -cnsqf_ la5fP alnof] l6sfp kflPsf] af6f] . kSs' gf) [;+) kSjp] ks'jf safkm
Ss} lqm) lj) [kSsfP]] cjZo g} lgZro g} lg:;] lgw} . kSsf] lj) [kSsfcf]] != lkmSsf ge
] v] ghfg] . @= ;dy{ bx|f] . #= kSsf kfsf] . kSSofO gf) [ kSSofp (cfO)] kSSofpg] lqm
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kSSofOg' s) lqm) wdfwd vfOg' kSSofpg] sfd ulg' . kSSofOnf] lj) kS
Sofpg nfos kSSofpg of]Uo . kSSofpg' ;) lqm) [kSs'ofpg'] wdfwd vfg' ksfks vfg' ukmNSof
g' . > kSSofx6 gf) kSSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kS8g ;) lqm) ;dfpg cF7fpg kqmg kl
 klS8g . > kS8f gf) kqmf kqmfO ks8f . kS8fO gf) kS8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kS8fOg s)
lqm) kqmfOg . kS8fpg k|) ] lqm) kqmfpg . kS8fx6 gf) kqmfO kqmfx6 . klS8g ;) lqm)s
) lqm) klqmg . kSbf] lj) [;+) kr\ bf]] != kfgf] tyf l5lKkPsf] . @= lbg w]} vfPsf] k
sf] . kqmg ;) lqm) != alnof] uL xftn] s]xL sf] ;dfTg ;dfpg kS8g ks8\g . @= lng
x0f ug{ . #= ag al4ff u|x0f ug{ . $= ckfw cflbsf] l;nl;nfdf cleoStnfO{ vf]h] lg
Gq0fdf fVg . %= pDsg glbg . ^= ;fy lbg jf ;fy g5f]8\g . > kqmf gf) != k|xL cflbff
ulPsf] kqmfO kqmfp . @= kqmfpkhL{ . kqmfO gf) kqmg] lqmof jf k|lqmof kqmfp . kqmfO
g s) lqm) kqmg] kflg kqmg nfOg . kqmfp gf) [kqm cfp] kqmf . ~ khL{ gf) cleoStnfO{
klqmg] a]nfdf lbOg] khL{ jf]G6 kqmf . > kqmfpg k|) ]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

klIf0fLkuf x]Tjfef;oSt ts{ l;4fGtsf] cfef; xg] lqmof . klIf0fL gf) [;+)] != bO{ l
bgsf aLrsf] ft . @= k"l0f{df . #= kf]yL rf] rL . kIfL gf) [;+)] != cfsfzdf p8\g,] kv]
6f ePsf] k|f0fL rf] k\vL . @= kIf lng] JolSt tkmbf . lj) #= kIf;DaGwL kIfsf] . $= k
xg] . fh gf) lji0fsf] jfxg dflgPsf] Ps kIfL u?8 . ~ lj1fg gf) kIfLsf x]s kIf jf lj
fosf] ljj]rgf jf ljZn]if0f ulPsf] zf:q kIfLzf:q . zfnf gf) lrl8ofvfgf . ~ zf:q gf) k
IfLlj1fg . l;+x gf) rLnsf] 6fpsf] l;+xsf] zL ePsf] slNkt kz . kIfLo lj) [;+)] != k
f;DaGwL kIfsf] . gf) @= sg} zAbsf k5fl8 x] sg} kIftkm{ nfu]sf] eGg] aemfpg] zAb
(pu|kIfLo, dWodkIfLo O)) . kId gf) [;+)] != cfFvfsf k]nf . @= k"mnsf] s]; . #= kv]6
f . $= KjfFv . %= eTnf . o"sf gf) rdhd|f] . > kIdn lj) nfdf fd|f k]nf ePsf] lemdl
k]n] . kIo lj) [;+)] != sg} Ps kIfdf nfu]sf] tkmbf kIfL . @= sg} Ps kIfsf] . kv\ l
af]) [kv{] s;}nfO{ t;f{P jf bfuf w] elgg] zAb kv];\ . (pbf) kv\, tFnfO{ gr6L sxfF 5f
8\5 ) kv\g c) lqm) [kv{ g] kv{g sg{ . kv lqm) lj) [;+) kIf] != kIfdf ofddf tfs
) @= lbgleqsf] sg} ;do aemfpg] zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P To;sf cf;kf;df eGg] aemfpg]
zAb (laxfgLkv, ;fFemkv cflb) . #= ;do a]nf . $= kIf . kvafhkvfafh gf) [;+) kIfjfB]
;fgf] d[b\uh:tf] afhf kvfafh . > kvafhL gf) kvafh ahfpg] snfsf . kvfn\g ;) lqm) [k|f
kSvfn < ;+) k|Iffng g] != kmf]xf] d}nf cflbnfO{ kfgLn] ;kmf ug{ wg jf vsfNg .
@= s;}sf sf sf6\g abgfd ug{ . #= cjz]if d]6fpg aLp;d]t gxg] u/L ;vfk kfg{ . > k
vfnkvn  gf) != kvfNg] vsfNg] sfd wg] jf ;kmf ug]{ sfd . @= bxLdf kfgL xfn] agfO
Psf] dxLh:tf] kftnf] j:t kvfn] bxLdxLsf] cjz]if . kvfnf gf) [kvfn\ cf] != Hofb} kftn
f] lb;f . @= To:tf] lb;f nfUg] f]u 8folof . kvfnfO gf) [ kvfn\ ( cfO)] kvfNg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof k|Iffng . [ > ] kvflng s) lqm) kvfNg] sfd ulg vsflng . kvfn] gf) [ kvfn\ P
xLdf kfgL xfn] kftnf] kflPsf] k]o ljgfd;nfsf] fOtf . klvgL gf) [kfv] OgL] lj) != c;Eo
:qL) kv]gL . @= kfvfkj{tdf xg] :qL kfv]sL :jf:gL .
714

kvjf lj) [kfvf] pjf] != kfvf;Fu ;DalGwt kfvfdf kfOg] jf x]sf] . gf) @= ef]hk lhNnfcG
tu{t tLgtn] eGg] 7fpFsf] glhsdf x]sf] Ps tLy{:yn . kv]6f gf) [;+) kIf6] != rfr?\uLs
f zLsf] bfofF afofF xg], p8\bf lkmFlhg] ;fwf0f cj:yfdf hLpd} n]lK;g], ljz]if k|sfs
c\u kIfLsf] p8\g] sfddf ;xfos c\u . @= kfZj{ . #= bO{kfv] 5fg ePsf] 3sf 5fgfsf] s
g} Ps kfvf] . $= kxf8sf bO{ltsf kfvfdWo] sg} Ps kfvf] . ~ nfUg 6) != xfpg . @=
p8\g ;Sg] xg ;Ifd xg . kv]6f] gf) [;+) kIf6] != rfsf bO{ kv]6fdWo]sf] Ps . @=
lefnf] k]sf] hldg kv]f] . kv]gL lj)x]) kflvgL . kv]f gf) [kv]f]sf] lt) )] kv]f]
) ;fgf7"nf kfvfxsf] ;d"x . kv]L gf) [kv]f] O{] != lefnf] k]sf] ;fgf] vfnsf] kv]f] .
]f] (uLt, nf]suLt, sljtf cflbdf k|oQm) . kv]? gf) [;+) kIf P?] != rf] kIfL . @= cfTdf
. #= k|f0f x+; . kv]f] gf) [kfvf] Pf]] lefnf] k]sf] kxf8L hldg kfvf] . kv]; \ lj)
v{ P;\] s;}nfO{ bfuf w] elgg] zAb nfv];\ . (pbf) kv];,\ ef]ln t t]f] hfqf gb]vfO{ 5f8\
bgF) . kVofg gf) [;+) kSs0f] != kfv]xsf] a:tL kfv] ufpF . @= kfvf] kv]f] . kv|g c) l
m) ysfO, ;:tL cflb x6] zL r\uf xFb} hfg kmtL{ jf hfFu knfpg . > kv|fO gf) kv|g]
j, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kv|fx6 gf) kv|g] lqmof jf cj:yf kv|fO . ~ klv|g  c) lqm) klv
|g] xg kv|g . ku8L gf) [;+) kIf6L] != kl:dgf jf 5fnfsf] eTn] 6f]kL (xfn d[t cy
{) . @= kuL . kuL! gf) [;+) kIf6L] != 6f]kLsf ;fdf lzdf kmgkmgL a]] nufOg] sk8f k]m
@= ljjfxdf bnfxfn] tyf kf0f eGbf kl08tn] lzdf afFWg] k]m6f . #= ;sfL sd{rfLxn] nufp
] rfFbtf]8f;lxtsf] Ps k|sfsf] 6f]kL . $= ;sfL dfg . %= s;}n] k?iffy{ b]vfPafkt cfI
f]k u] elgg] zAb (pbf) v"a} 7"nf] sfd ul;\, kuL utfOdflug;\ t ) . kuL@ gf) [;+) k|
f] EofN;LnfO{ c8fpg jf 7Ls;Fu ldnfpg tnlt 7f]lsg] kf8\sf] . kunf lj) [kfun cf] af}nfx
f jf axnf . > kunL lj) kUnfxL jf af}nfxL . kuf\g ;)lqm)x]) k3fg{ . kuf! gf) [;+) k
sf] rnfdflysf] ljz]if lsl;dn] agfOPsf] leQf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
715

kufk\vL k3f\g ;) lqm) [k3| cf\ g < ;+) k|ufng] != ufO{ e}; F Lsf ygaf6 ;lhnf];u
g] kfg{ ygaf6 sdnf];u F b"w emg]{ kfg{ kufg{ . @= s7f] dgsf] JolQmsf] x[bonfO{
k|fy{gf cflbff bofn agfpg . #= nf]eLnfO{ bfgL tNofpg . > k3f gf) != ufO{e}; F Lsf
ygaf6 vn:t kdf b"w emg]{ lqmof . @= uf]; . #= bxg  f] ufO{ jf e}; F L . k3ff gf
) ygaf6 ;lhn}l;t b"w emg]{ kfg{sf lglDt kf8f] jf af5fnfO{ r:g nufpg] sfd . k3ff
O gf) k3fg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof kuffO . k3flg s) lqm) k3fg]{ sfd ulg kuflg .
f) b"w kufg{sf lglDt ufO{e}; F Lsf ygdf blng] gf}gL, l3p cflb lrKnf] kbfy{ kuff] .
kl3tf] lj)x]) klutf] . k3|g c)lqm)x]) ku|g . > k3|fO gf) k3|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
k3|fOg s)lqm) k3|g] kfl/g . k3|fpg k|])lqm) k3|g] kfg{ . kfl3|g c)lqm) klu|g
. ko|fO gf) ku|fO . ko|fx6 gf) kUofx6 . k\s gf) [;+)] != kfgLn] un]sf] df6fsf] n]bf
nf] . @= wfk bnbn ef; . #= baba] kbfy{ n]k . $= kfk sn\s . k\sh gf) [;+)] != sdn jf
sf] k"mn . lj) @= lxnfdf pTkGg xg] jf lxnfdf pTkGg ePsf] . > k\shf;g gf) != a|Xdf
. @= of]usf rf}f;L cf;gdWo] Ps sdnf;g . k\sgjfg gf) [;+)] cZdLe"t cl:ycjz]ifsf kdf
ofdf kfOPsf], dfgjh:tf] b]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] jfg s]Gofdfgj . k\lsn lj) [;+)] != lxnf] eP
sf] lxn] k\soSt . @= d}nf] kmf]xf] . k\sL gf) [ef]) a)] lxdfnL k|bz ] df k|rlnt ef]
;dfhsf gfLn] nufpg] pmgLff tof ulPsf] nufljz]if . k\lSt [;+)] != sg} hGt jf j:ts
nfd xf nx tfFtL kfFtL . @= cIfsf] nx xkm . #= b; ;\VofnfO{ aemfpg] zAb . a4
tfFtL nfu]sf] n:s nfu]sf] . ~ aLhff]k0f gf) xf ldNg] lx;fan] aLp f]Kg] sfd . ~ f]k0f
xf ldnfP af]6la?jf f]Kg] sfd k\lQma4 aLhff]k0f . k\v gf) [;+) kIf] != kv]6f . @= K
. k\vf gf) [k\v cf] KjfFv, kq, sfuh, sk8f, wft cflbff lgld{t, xfjfsf] j]u k}bf ug]{ j
a9fpg] pks0f xDsg] ;fwg . ~ kmn gf) Ps ld6 cUnf] 7"n7"nf efnfcfsfsf] nfdf] e]6gfkl
ms]sf] xlof kft xg,] kx]n F f] kmNg], 3f]ufem}F kmNg] cfoj]{bdf bfxs, kli6sfs
, k]6sf] f]u, skm, lkQ, afGtf, 3fp, ;k{n] 6f]s]sf] cflbdf lxt ug]{ atfOPsf] a6Ll
jz]if . k\vL gf) [k\v O{] kIfL rf] kv]? .

kuf@ gf) [;+) k|3ft] != pv k]Nbf lg:s]sf] 5f]qmf . @= pvsf] ;s]sf] kft . kuf# gf)
[ kuf\ ( c)] x]) k3f . [ > ] kuffO gf) klu|g] jf kufg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . kuffOg s) l
lu|g] kfg{ nufOg kuflg] tNofOg . kuffpg k|) ] lqm) klu|g] kfg{ nfpg . kuflg s)
qm) klu|g] kflg . kuff] gf) k3ff] . kufn\g ;) lqm) [;+) k|ufng] != 8Nnf] jf 3gTjoS
j:tnfO{ cfuf]sf] ;xfotfaf6 tn ksf] agfpg kfgLh:tf] kfg{ ufNg . @= csf{sf] dgdf
bof pTkGg ufpg . #= dgnfO{ cfk"mlt lvRg] kfg{ kufg{ . > kufnfO gf) kufNg] efj, lq
mof jf k|lqmof . kuflng s) lqm) kUng] kflg . kufxf gf) [;+) k|ux | ] lglZrt 7fpFd
f jlkl 3d ] rg{ xg] uL ufO{a:tnfO{ afFWg] nfdf] 8f]L kuxf k3f . klutf] lj)lqm)
) k|st [  k|sL0f{] rflxPeGbf a9L k|z:t Hof:tL klatf] klaQf] kl3tf] . ku|g c) lqm)
k|ung] != kmfFrfaf6 ygdf b"w cfpg] xg ygaf6 b"w ;fpg ygaf6 k|z:t dfqfdf b"w l
g:sg . @= sf]xL lg7L JolSt bofjfg\ aGg jf nf]eL JolQm bfgL xg . > ku|fO gf) k
u|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ku|fOg s) lqm) ku|g] kflg . ku|fpg ;+) lqm)k|) ] lqm) ku|
g] kfg{ . klu|g c) lqm) != ku|g] xf]Og . @= ku|g . #= klUng . kUofO gf) klu|g]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof kUofx6 gf) kuofO . kUnbf] lj) [kUnbf]] kUng nfu]sf] klUnFbf]
Ung c) lqm) [;+) k|ung] != afSnf] jf vFlbnf] kbfy{ tn kdf cfpg b|ljt xg uNg . @=
s]xL bofjfg\ jf bfgL aGg . > kUnfObf] lj) :jfb gePsf] a]:jflbnf] . kUnfO gf) kUng]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . kUnfOg' s) lqm) kuflng' . kUnfpg' c) lqm) [kfuncfpg'] != ax'nf aG
g' kfun aGg' . ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [kUncfpg'] @= klUng] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nufpg' . kUnfxf l
j) [kfuncfxf;+) k|uNe] kfun ePsf] xfjf v':s]sf] 56fPsf] . > kUnfxL lj) kfun ePsL af}n
PsL xfjf v':s]sL 56fPsL . klUnbf] lj) [klUnbf]] != klUng nfu]sf] kUnFbf] . @= kLtn, t
df cflbsf efF8fdf flvPsf] bxL, dxL cflb Hofb} cldnf] eP lauF|bf] tdtldFbf] . klUng'
c) lqm) [kUnOg'] kUng' . kUNofO gf) [kfunofOF] ax'nLkgf kfunkg . kUNofO gf) [ klUn
klUng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kUNofx6 gf) kUNofO .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

k
\u ' krf;L k
\u' lj) [;+)] != uf]8fn] lxF8\g g;Sg] n
\u8f] . @= kll:yltjz gfd|f] rfn
afWo ePsf] . #= ljgfsfdsf] (JolQm) . tfTj gf) k
\u' ufpg] jf x'g] efj jf cj:yf . kr\g
c) lqm) [;+) krg] != vfPsf] sfn] zLdf lauf guL tfut cflb lbP cgfjZos efu dnd"qsf kd
l0ft eO{ dnf jf d"qfzo cflbaf6 hfg nfos xg xhd xg . @= lnPsf] j:t kmsf{pg gkg]{
xg kr xg . #= sg} j:t csf{ j:tdf ufleP ;dfKt xg nLg xg . kr! gf) [;+)] !
= kRg] sfd kfrg . @= csf{;Fu lnPsf] wgdfn lkmtf{ guL cfk}Fmn] pkef]u ug]{ lgotn] u
lg] clws0f lnPsf] lno} kfg]{ sfd . kr@ lj) [;+) k~r] kfFr (kre}of, krxQ, krf;L cflb z
Absf] cfDedf k|oSt) . kr# lj) af]) [;+) kZr] gflPsf uf]?nfO{ k5fl8 ;fg{ jf kmsf{pg
sf lglDt xnLn] eGg] zAb (h:t} xf]L kr) . krsf gf) [c) d") kr sf] != kfgL cflb kGofnf]
kbfy{ e] 6f9f;Dd kUg] uL 5s{g] 9\u|fsf cfsfsf] afF;, kmnfd, kLtn cflbsf] ;fwg lkrs
. @= :k|] ug]{ d]l;gsf] tn kbfy{ kmfNg] 6F8f]bf cjoj kRsf . #= kDk ;]6sf] 8]lneL k
fOksf] 6Kkfsf] lgkn ;f] lgkn;lxtsf] 8]lneL kfOk . krSs lqm) lj) [c) d") krs\ s] != s
d;n wft cflbsf] efF8fnfO{ bfAbf cfpg]em}F zAb lg:sg] uL . @= l;nf] kbfy{ lslrFbf
jf bflaFbf em}F zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . krg gf) [;+)] != ksfpg] sfd . @= ksfpg] ;fwg
. #= ksfpg] JolQm . $= clUg cfuf] . > krgfuf gf) efG;f3 . krgL gf) krfpg] sfd kr xhd
r . krgLo lj) != krfpg nfos ksfpg ;lsg] vfnsf] . @= krfpg of]Uo . krkr lqm) lj) [c)
d") kr\ p (l))] != ?3f, vf]sL cflbsf sf0fn] ubf{ dv gdL7f] eO{ ys jf ysysL lgsf
lnx] . @= h] kfof] ToxL zAb dvaf6 lgsfn] . > krkrtL lqm) lj) != cem} krkr xg] uL .
gf) @= To;L yStfsf] cfjfh . #= To:tf] af]nfO jf lslof . krkrfO gf) krkr ug]{ lqmof
jf k|lqmof krkrfx6 . krkrfOg c) lqm) krkrfpFbf] xf]Og . krkrfpFbf] lj) != krkrfP
sf] gdL7f] :jfbsf] . @= kfgL, kLk (3fp, vl6f cflbaf6) aluxg] vfnsf] . #= kmtkmt] .
krkrfpg c) lqm) != dvdf vNnf]kgsf] cgej xg dvsf] :jfb lau|g . @= kfgL, kLk
cflb aluxg] xg . #= h] kfof] ToxL af]Ng . krkrfx6 gf) krkrfpg] efj, l:ylt jf lq
mof k|lqmof . krkrfxf lj) krkrfpg] vfnsf] kfgL, kLk
716

cflb (3fp, vl6faf6) aluxg] . krkrL lqm) lj) krkrtL . krkGg gf) [;+) k~rk~rfzt\] != k
rf; kfFrsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof rjGgkl5 5kGgcl3 cfpg] ;\Vof %% sf] ;\Vof . lj) @= u
fsf qmdn] rjGgeGbf kl5 cfpg] lj) ;
\Vofdf kg]{ ;f] ;
\Vofsf qmddf cfpg] . > krkGgf} u0
fgfsf qmdn] krkGg ;
\Vofdf k]sf] krkGg ;
\Vofsf qmdsf] . kre}of gf) [kre}of] != Ps;fy
F8\5g\ egL nf]sn] ljZjf; u]sf] kfFrj6f e"txsf] ;d'bfo . @= ;'b " klZrdL g]kfnlt k"hf
ulg] kfFr cfTdfxsf] ;+o'St :jk . krd]n gf) [kfFrd]n] kfFr yf]s ld;fP agfOPsf] ld7fO{
jf d;nf . kr
\uL lj) [k~r
\uL] != kfFr k|sfsf
jf a'f ldn]sf] (j:t') k~r
\u k~r
Q gf) [;+) k~r;Ktlt] != ;QL kfFrsf of]uaf6 aGg] ;
\Vof rf}xQkl5 5oxQcl3 cfpg] ;
\
c
\s . lj) @= u0fgf ubf{ ;QLeGbf kfFr a];L x'g] rf}xQkl5sf ;
\Vofsf] . > krxQf} lj)
fsf qmdn] krxQ ;
\Vofdf kg]{ krxQ ;
\Vofsf qmdsf] . krfO gf) [ kr\ (cfO)] kRg] efj, l
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] krfOg' s) lqm) krfpg] sfd ulg' xhd kflg' . krfpg ;) lqm) [kr\ cfp
!= vfPsf] j:tnfO{ kfsoSt ufpg klkSj tNofpg kf}li6s tjnfO{ cfTd;ft\ ug{ . @= s;}
sf] dfn jf ;DklQ lkmtf{ glbg] lgotn] ufoa tNofpg jf lng . > krfpgL gf) != krfp
g] sfd jf j:t . @= vfg sf6]sf kzsf] leqL c\u (leofF;, e8 F L, cfGb|f] cflb) . k
rfp] lj) rfp] zAbs} cy{df To;sf k5fl8 k|of]u xg] zAb . (pbf) rfp]krfp] vkf{sf] laF8
s] vfG5;\ rfp] ;Fusf] lnF8 . nf]ssljtf) . krfkr lqm) lj) [kr\ c kr\] != slQ klg ws
dfgL wdfwd zAb pRrf0f u] . @= nuftf krsf rnfP . #= ySbf :ki6;Fu Wjlg pTkGg u] . krf
) [;+) k~rfzt\] != rfnL; b;sf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof %) sf] ;\Vof pgGrf;kl5 cfpg] ;\Vof
. lj) @= u0fgfsf qmdn] pgGrf;kl5sf] ;\Vofdf kg]{ ;\Vofsf b[li6n] rfnL; b;sf of]usf]
. krfl;cf} krfl;of} lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] krf;L ;
\Vofdf kg]{ krf;L ;
\Vofsf qmdsf] . k
L gf) [;+) k~rfzLlt] != c;L kfFrsf of]uaf6 aGg] ;
\Vof *% sf] ;
\Vof rf}f;Lkl5 cfpg]
f . lj) @= u0fgfsf qmdn] pgf;Lkl5 cfpg] ;
\Vofafasf] . >

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Pa'1.p65
717

krf;f} kl5 kg]{ nDh'
, sf:sL, tgx'F cflb If]q ePsf] Onfsf . ~ b'O{ gDa gf) klR5d Ps g
Da Onfsf tLg gDa Onfsfsf aLrdf kg]{ (d'Vo a:tL uf]vf{ ePsf]) Ps Onfsf . > klR5df lj
) != klR5d;DaGwL klR5dsf] klZrdL kfZrfTo . @= klR5d lbzflt xg] klZrdL k|b]zsf] . #= s
7df8f}Fb]lv klZrdltsf] . gf) $= g]kfnL afx'gxsf] u9s'dfpFaf6 cfPsf] jf cflbynf] 8f
]6L ePsf] Ps zfvf . klR5d] lj) klR5dsf] (pk]Iffy{df) . klR5d]nL lj) klR5dsf] kfZrfT
o . kR5] gf) [;+) kIf] != s[i0fkIf jf z'SnkIf . @= kIfkft tkmbfL kgkR5] kgkIf . kft
kIfkft . kftL lj) kIfkftL . kRof
gf) xf]rfcUnf 9u \ fx ePsf] c;lhnf] af6f] fd|
pa8vfa8 k]sf] af6f] . k5af gf) [kl5 af] != gfpnfO{ otfptf 3dfpg gfpsf kl5lNt nufOg]
fwg ktjf . @= k5jf . k5fO gf) [ k5fp ( cfO)] != k5fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ kf5\ ( cf
@= kf5\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k5fOg c) lqm) != kl5 xf]Og k5fl8 klg . @= kf
5\g nfOg . k5fpg c) lqm) [;+) kZr cfp g] != kl5 xg k5fl8 kg{ . @= l9nf] xg ljnD
xg . #= kl5 nfUg k5]6f nfUg . $= afnLgfnL kfSg kl5 xg . k|]) lqm) [;+) k|j
]z cfp g] %= kf5\g nufpg vf]kfpg dfO{sf] 6Lsf lbg nfpg . k5f8 gf) [kl5 cf8] !=zLsf
Nnf] cjoj . @= xfQL, 3f]8f, ufO{ cflbsf k5fl8sf vf afFWg] 8f]L . k5fl8 gf) of]) !=
kl5lNt kl5 kZrft\ (pbf) fd k5fl8 Zofd 5) . lqm) lj) @= kl5 (pbf) d cufl8 lyPF pm k5
lyof]) . gf) #= k5f8 . $= hQfsf] vflt kg]{ ss{Rrfg]sf] efu . > k5fl8g c) lqm)
!= k5fl8 kg{ kl5 xg . @= n8\g k5f8 vfg . k5f\g ;) lqm) [k|f) kR5fl8] != eOd F{
f n8fpg lufpg nf]6fpg 9fNg . @= ;fag, ;f]8f cflb gnufO{sg kfgLdf dfq nuf cflb
wg don kmfNg nuf cflbnfO{ lehfP 9\uf, sf7, l;d]G6sf] 9nfg cflbdf ahfg{ . #= l
hTg kflht ug{ . > k5f gf) != k5fg]{ sfd n8fpg] sfd . @= ;kmf ug{sf lglDt nufkmf6f]
9\ufdf ahfg]{ sfd . k5fk5  gf) fd|L k5fg]{ sfd (nuf) . k5ffO gf) != k5fg]{ lq
f k|lqmof . @= k5flg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k5flg c) lqm) != eO{Fdf n8\g nf]6\g . s
) lqm) @= eO{Fdf n8fOg . #= leh]sf nuf 9\uf cflbdf ahfg]{ sfd ulg . kl5 gf) of
]) [;+) kZr O{] != kl5lNt k5fl8 . lqm) lj) @= ;do latfP kl5af6 l9nf] k5fl8 . p8 }

krf;Lcf} krf;Lof} lj) x] krfl;cf}F . F u0fgfsf qmdn] krf; ;
\Vofdf krf;f} lj) [krf
] cfpg] krf;;
\Vofsf qmdsf] pgGrf;kl5sf] k|yd . krfxf lj) [krfpcfxf] != csf{sf] wgdfn
lnP lkmtf{ glbg] :jefjsf] krfpg] vfnsf] . @= hfg]sf s'fnfO{ klg ghfg]em}F ug]{ a'emk
rfxf a'emk]nfxf x]kfxf . klrg' c) lqm) [kr\Og'] != xhd xf]Og' kRg] xf]Og' . @= kRg' .
krL gf) [af) af])] cfrL u'x' . kr]6fkr]8f gf) [;+) kZrP6f] != s]xL s'fsf] kl5 nfUbf x
g] wk]8L wfdf . @= emGem6 emd]nf . kRsf gf)x]) krsf . kRsf\g ;) lqm) [c) d") kr\ sf
;dfhdf ws gdfgLsg csf{sf bf]if jf u0f :ki6 kdf eGg eGg gxg] sf] klg KofRr eGg
. @= tf]s] eGg cf}FNofP eGg . #= cZnLn sf] jf zAb af]Ng . > kRsfkRsffO gf) kRs
lqmof jf k|lqmof . kRsflg[  s) lqm) != kRsfg]{ kflg . c) lqm) @= kRsfg]{ xf]Og .
kRr gf) [ k;\ lr\] 7"nf] sf7, cff cflbn] lrb}{ u]sf] a]nf ;lhnfsf nflu lrlPsf 7fpFl
sg] k]m;f] . klRr; gf) [;+) k~rlj+zlt] != aL; kfFrsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof rf}aL;kl5
nuQ} cfpg] ;\Vof . @= rf}lt lkmFlhPsf cf7cf7 sf]7f xg], tLgtLg nxsf rfj6f kf6f ePsf
sL{df ljleGg rf sf rfrfj6f uf]6L lnP ;ftj6f sf}8fn] v]lng] Ps v]n . lj) #= aL; kfFr
of]usf] rf}aL;kl5sf] ;\Vofdf kg]{ . ~ uG8f gf) ;o k};f yk|f] w]} . ~ uG8L lj) kRrL;
8fsf] . > klRr;f lj) != ;odf kRrL; kRrL;sf] . @= fd zfxn] a;fn]sf] ;f]cg;f cGgsf] A
ofh lng] lylt . klRr;f} lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] kRrL; ;
\Vofdf kg]{ kRrL; ;
\Vofsf] kRrL; ;
fsf qmdsf] . kRrL; gf) x]) klRr; . > kRrL;f lj) x]) klRr;f}F . kRr' lj) [;+) kr\p] !
= kr]sf] kfs ePsf] . @= k|f9 } ePsf] kf]Vt ePsf] . klR5g c) lqm) [;+) kZr g] kl5 kg]
{ xf]Og k5f}6] xg . klR5p gf) [;+) klZrd] x]) klZrd . klR5d gf) [;+) klZrd] k"j{
lbzfsf] ljkLt lbzf 3fd, h"g, tff cflb c:tfpg] lbzf . ~ Ps gDa gf) sf7df8f}Fb]lv klR5d
ltsf g'jfsf]6, nfdL8fF8f, wflb
, ;Nofg cflb If]q kg]{ Ps Onfsf . ~ rf gDa gf) klR5d tL
g gDa Onfsfb]lv klR5dklsf lesf]{6 ux|f}F, ;tf}F, :of
\hf cflb If]q ePsf] Onfsf . ~ lt
g gDa gf) klR5d b'O{ gDa Onfsf tLg gDa Onfsfsf aLrdf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

kl5tf]k~r lqm) lj) kl5af6 ;do latfP kZrft\ . kl5tf] gf) [ k5'tf]] kZrfQfk k5'tfp k5'
. kl5of gf) [klZrd] klR5dtkm{af6 cfpg] atf; jf xfjf . kl5lNt lqm) lj) [kl5lt] != k5f
l8kl lkl7pFlt . gf) of]) @= kl5 k5fl8 . kl5Nnf] lj) [ kl5nf] ] k5fl8klsf] kl5lNt
7pFltsf] . k5'tfO gf) [ k5'tfp (cfO)] k5'tfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k5'tfOg
' s) lqm) k5'tfpg] sfd ulg' k5'tfpg] kflg' . k5'tfp gf) [k5'tf]cfp > ;+) kZrfQfk] kZr
Qfk kl5tf] k5'tf] . > k5'tfpg' ;) lqm) e"nr"sdf ePu]sf sfd sfdf bMv dfGg k5tfp
5tf] dfGg rsrsfpg ysysfpg . k5tfx6 gf) k5tfO k5tf] . k5tf] gf) [;+) kZrfQfk
] klxn] cfk"mn] u]sf e"ndf dfg]sf] ckm;f]; ysysL kZrfQfk kl5tf] . k5jf! lj) [kl5 pjf]
!= k5fl8 x]sf] k5fl8 k]sf] kl5 ePsf] . gf) @= xfQLsf ;jfLdf k5fl8kl a:g] (dfxte ] Gb
tNnf] bhf{sf]) JolQm . #= kf]On hfFbf cfgf kl5 nfu] cfPsf] klxnf] nf]Ug]ltsf] kl5Nn
f] ;Gtfg . $= uf]?uf8f cflb ;\s6df kbf{ a}njfgnfO{ ;xfotf ug{ kl5 nfUg] JolSt . k
5jf@ gf) [;+) kZrjft] klZrdltaf6 k"jl{ t au]sf] xfjf n . k5]p/f gf)x]) k5\of}/f] .
> k5]p/f] gf) k5\of}L . k5]pf] gf) k5\of}/f] . k5]6fk5]6f] gf) [;+) kZr P6fP6f]] kl5
] sfd k5fpg] sfd lk5f cg;0f . k5]gL gf) [;+) kId > kmf) kzd PgL] != kl:dgfsf] k]m6f
= k]m6f . k5f]8 gf) [;+) kZr cf]8] s8L nufP xfQLsf kl5lNt sl;g] 8f]L . k5f}6 ] lj) [;+
kZr cf}6] ] != kl5 k]sf] k5fl8sf] . @= cljsl;t . #= k5fl8 kfSg] jf k5fl8 kmNg] (afn
L, kmn cflb) k5\ltof . $= kl5 nfUg] k5fpg] (JolSt) . %= kl5 laofpg] (ufO{ cflb) . k
5f}6f] gf) [kl5 cf}6f]] != ;aeGbf kl5 hlGdPsf] ;Gtfg . @= sg} sfddf ;aeGbf kl5 k]sf
] JolSt . #= ;a}eGbf kl5sf] pAhf . k5\ltof lj) [;+) kZrft\ Oof] kl5 kfSg] jf tof xg
] (afnL, kmn cflb) . k5fO gf) [ k5fp ( cfO)] k5fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k5fOg
m) k5fpg] sfd ulg kl5 nflug .
718

k5fpg ;) lqm) [kl5 cfp g] != kl5 nfUg lk5f ug{ . @= s]6fs]6L jf kzn] dfof u] kl5
 lQg . #= s;}sf ;Fu;Fu} sfd ug{ kl5kl5 ub}{ hfg . k5f}f gf) [;+) kId of}f] k5f}
. > k5f}L gf) k5f}f] . k5f}f] gf) k]m dfg{ jf kmGsf] dfg{;d]t xg] lsl;dsf] cf]9g
q bkf pQLo j:q (vf:6f], asf]{ cflb) . khgL gf) [kmf) kf hgL] ;sfL txsf sd{rfLxsf]
OdfgbfL jf a]OdfgLsf cfwfdf vf]hL, ;?jf, ydf}tL, a9jf cflb ug]{ sfd . ~ sfuhsfut gf
) ;sfL sd{rfLsf] sfdcg;f ydf}tL, vf]hL, ;?jf, a9jf cflbsf lglDt ltgn] u]sf sfd cflb
f] ljj0f;d]t tof kflPsf] sfuh . khnf] gf) [kGhf nf]] != ;Dd k]sf] hldg ;dtn e"ld . lj
= ;dy kFhnf] . k~r gf) [;+)] != kfFrsf] ;\Vof . @= kfFr jf To;eGbf a9L enfbdLxsf] ;d
b fo k~renfbdL . #= k~renfbdLdWo] Ps . $= k~rfotsf] ;b:o . s gf) != Ps} k|sfsf kfF
r j:txsf] ;dbfo . @= wlgi7fb]lv ]jtL;Ddsf kfFr gIfq . #= sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzLb]l
v zSn ltLof;Ddsf kfFr lbg odk~rs . $= sflt{s zSn PsfbzLb]lv k"l0f{df;Ddsf kfFr l
bgsf] ;do eLidk~rs . lj) %= kfFr c\ssf] . ~ srxL gf) k~renfbdLx a;] ulPsf] sg} ljif
] 5nkmn . ~ sGof gf) cxNof, b|fk } bL, tff, sGtL dGbf]bL uL hDdf kfFrj6L sGofxsf] ;
bfo . ~ sd{ gf) hk, xf]d, tk{0f, ?b|fleif]s a|fXd0fef]hg oL kfFr k0o sd{ . ~ ls
tL{lst]{ lj) k~renfbdLn] 7xfPsf] k~rn] lg0f{o u]sf] (df]n) . ~ lst]{ df]n gf) k~renfb
Ln] 7xfPsf] jf lg0f{o u]sf] df]n . ~ s[lt lj) k~rlst]{ . ~ Sn]z gf) of]uzf:qcg;f clj
Bf, cl:dtf, fu, ]if clelgj]z uL hDdf kfFr k|sfsf Sn]zx . ~ vt gf) ;flat ePdf Hofg ;
xg], bfdn xg], dl8g], 36L hftdf ldnfO{ vf]lkg] hft kltt xg] oL kfFr lsl;dsf
b08 xg] vt jf ckfw . ~ uJo gf) ufO{sf] b"w, bxL, l3p, upFt uf]a ldnfO{ k"hflb sfo{
sf lglDt agfOPsf] kljq j:t . ~ u0f gf) != zAb, :kz{, k, ; uGw oL kfFr k|sfsf u0f
. lj) @= kfFr ugf kfFr bf]Aa . ~ uf}8 gf) ljGWofrnsf pQL efudf a:g] ;f:jt, sfGosAh,
uf}8, d}lyn cf}Tsn uL a|fXd0fsf kfFr ju{ . rfd gf) k|To]s r0fdf n3u? dfqf xg] ;
]x|;f]x| cIfsf rf r0f xg] jfl0f{s 5Gb . ~ tj gf) != k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo cfsfz uL
kfFr k|fs[lts tj . @= k~rdsf . tGq gf)

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
719

k~rdf\uk~r aln Pslqt ;d"x, hd36 jf dxf;Dd]ng . d lj) != kfFrf}F . gf) @= ;\uLtsf ;ft
:jdWo] Ps . (o;nfO{ ;\If]kdf k elgG5 o;df #^) gfbnxL x]sf xG5g\) . ~ dsf gf) jf
f dtcg;f dB, df+;, dT:o, dbf | d}yg  oL kfFr zAbsf ;?;?sf kfFrf]6f d oL kfFr
dsfaf6 aGg] j:t . ~ dxfkfts gf) a|XdxTof, ;fkfg, rf]L, u?:qLudg tL rf dxfkftsLsf]
;xjf; u/L kfFr lsl;dsf kfts jf kfk . ~ dxfe"t gf) k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo cfsfz oL kf
Fr tj k~rtj . ~ dxfo1 gf) :jfWofo (a|Xdo1), xf]d (b]jo1), jlnj}Zjb]j (e"to1), lk08lq
mof (lkt[o1) cltlyk"hf (g[o1) uL hDdf kfFr lsl;dsf o1 u[x:yLsf 3df lgTo kn] ulg] pko
{St kfFr dxfo1 . ~ dxfJoflw gf) cz{, oIdf, si7, k|d]x pGdfb uL hDdf kfFr lsl;dsf
eofgs f]u . ~ dxfj|t gf) clx+;f, ;gt [ f (dL7f] jf ;fFrf] af]nL), c:t]o (rf]L gug
) { , a|Xdro{ cklu|x (bfg glng jf ;\ux | gug) { h:tf dgionfO{ dflyNnf txdf kofp
g] dflgPsf of]uzf:qdf plNnlvt hDdf kfFrf]6f dxfj|t . k~rdf\u gf) [;+)] != cfwlgs f
hgLltdf zqsf fHodf pkb|j dRrfpg ToxfFsf] uf]Ko x:o yfxf kfpgsf lglDt tof kflPsf] jf
lgoQm ulPsf] ljz]if k|sfsf] bn . @= :jb]zsf lj?4 ljb]zsf] bnfnL ug]{ bn jf JolQm
. > k~rdf\uL lj)= != k~rdf\usf] k~rdf\u;DaGwL . gf) @= k~rdf\u . k~rdL gf) [;+)] rf
df;sf cfwfdf k|To]s df;df cfpg] zSn Pj+ s[i0f bj} kIfsf] kfFrf}F ltly rf}yLkl5s
f] ltly zSn jf s[i0f k~rdL . ~ ljelSt gf) Jofs0fdf b]lv, b]lvg\, af6 cflb ljelQm .
k~r \u gf) [;+)] != kfFr k|sfsf jf j:t . lj) @= kfFr jf j:tn] oSt . #= w]} k
St \bf . k~r Tg gf) [;+)] != gL, xLf, kfudl0f, df]tL duf uL hDdf kfFr Tg .
tfdf, lkQn kmnfd uL hDdf kfFr wftxsf] ;+of]u . k~rflzs gf) [;+)] hflgPsf rf flzx
Psf] kfFrf}F flz kQf nufpg ;lsg] Ps vfnsf] lx;fa . k~r nf}x gf) [;+)] != ;g, rfFb
L, tfdf, kmnfd kLtn oL kfFr wft . @= tL kfFr wftsf of]uaf6 ag]sf] wft . k~r ji
fL{o lj) [;+)] kfFr jif{df xg] jf ulg] kfFr jif{sf] cjlwdf k"f xg] . ~ of]hgf gf) v
f;vf; of]hgf jf nIosf] k"lt{ ;d:ofxsf] ;dfwfgsf lglDt kfFr jif{sf] cjlwleq ;DkGg u
lg] sfo{qmd . k~r aln gf) [;+)] sg} lsl;dsf] efsn k"f ug{sf lglDt

gLlt;DaGwL pkb]zk|b syfxnfO{ kfFrf]6f d"n syfdf pg] n]lvPsf] k|l;4 u|Gy . tff gf) !=
WofgL a4sf kfFr zlSt . @= k~raf]lw;jsL dftf . #= jh|wfTjLZjL, nf]rgf, dfdsL, kf0
8f tff uL hDdf kfFr af}4 zlSt . tfn gf) dfbn;Fu ldNbf] Ps g]kfnL afhf . bz gf)
Frsf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof kGw|sf] ;\Vof . bzL gf) != k"l0f{df ltly . @= j]bfGtsf] P
s k|l;4 u|Gy . b|lj8 gf) != ljGWofkj{tsf blIf0f efudf a:g], dxffi6, t}n\u, uh { b
8 uL hDdf kfFr a|fXd0fju{sf] ;dbfo . @= ljGWofkj{teGbf blIf0flt af]lng] tfldn, sG
g8, t]nu, dnofnd l;+xnLem}F kfFr k|wfg efiff . ~ WofgL a4 gf) j}f]rg, cIff]Eo, Tg
;Dej, cldtfe cdf]3l;l4 uL hDdf kfFr a4 . gv lj) != kfFr g xg] (hLj) . @= xfQL . #
= s5jf . $= af3 . gb gf) != kGhfa k|bz ] df aUg] e]mnd, Jof;, faL, lrgfj ;tnh oL k
fFr gbLxsf] ;d"x . @= kGhfa k|b]z . #= ls0f, w"tkfkf, ;:jtL, u\uf odgf oL kfFr gbLx
] ;dbfo . ~ lg0f{o gf) k~rff ulPsf] lg0f{o . ~ Gofoflws0f gf) k~renfbdLxff u7g ul
f] txsf] cbfnt k~rfotL cbfnt . ~ kvfg gf) 5tf5Nn eP 5lPsf] jf kf]lvPsf] j:t . ~ kv
fn gf) != Hofb} kftnf] lb;f kvfnf . @= 5tf5Nn eP 5lPsf] jf kf]lvPsf] kGofnf] j:t k~
rkvfg . ~ kj{ gf) ci6dL, rtbz { L, k"l0f{df, cdfjf:of lj;\qmflGt uL kfFrj6f kj{ . ~
kf08j gf) kf08sf kfFr 5f]fx olwli7, eLd;]g, ch{g, gsn ;xb]j uL dxfeftk|l;4 kf
?if . ~ kfq gf) b]jflbsf] sfo{df k|of]udf NofOg] bO{ hnkfq, bO{ cfrdgL Ps yfnL
uL hDdf kfFr kfq . ~ kfnf gf) != k|foM kfFrb]lv ;ft v08;Dd ePsf] k"hfsf] ;fdu|L xf
Ng], wftaf6 ag]sf] ljz]if k|sfsf] yfnL . @= w]} v08 ePsf] sf7, df6f] cflbaf6 ag]s
f] dd;nf /flvg] efF8f] ;Ghf]u] . ~ lktf gf) hGd lbg] (afa), dGq lbg] (u?), sGof l
bg] (;;f]), cGg lbg] (ls;fg) eo xg]{ (fhf) uL hDdf kfFr k|sfsf lktf . ~ k|f0f gf) k
f0f, ckfg, Jofg, pbfg ;dfg uL hDdf kfFr k|sfsf jfo zLdf xg] k~rjfo . ~ a4 gf) !
rg, cIff]Eo, cldtfe, Tg;Dej cdf]3l;l4 uL cnf}lss zlSt ePsf hDdf kfFr a4 . @= kf0f
k|l;4 kfFr a4xsf] ;d"x (ljk:jL, lzvL, qmsR5Gb, sgsdlg sfZok) . ~ af]lw;j gf) !=
;dGteb|, jh|kfl0f, Tgkfl0f, kkfl0f ljZjkfl0f uL hDdf kfFr af]lw;j . @= k~rWofgL a4s
f 5f]f . #= k~rtffsf 5f]f . ~ enfbdL gf) ufpFsf kfFr jf To;eGbf a9L u0odfGo JolStxsf]
;dbfo . ~ e]nf gf) k~rfotsf ;a} txsf ;b:oxsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k~r z:ok~hLog b]jb]jLnfO{ lbOg] kfFr hftsf kzkIfLxsf] aln . k~r z:o gf) [;+)] wfg,
duL, ltn, df; hf} oL kfFr cGg . k~rzLn gf) [;+)] != lx+;f gug",{ rf]L gug",{ emf]
gaf]Ng", S;L cflb gvfg", a|Xdro{df xg" egL af}4 wd{cg;f u[x:yLdf x]sf af}4 pkf;sxn]
kfng ugk { g]{ kfFr lgod . @= OG8f]g]l;of b]zsf] af\8 gfds ;xdf clk|n, !(%% O) df
ePsf] Pl;of clk|msfsf cg]s fi6sf] ;Dd]ngdf fi6sf kf:kls lxtsf nflu :jLsf ulPsf,
cIf00ftf ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] kf:kls ;Ddfg, kf:kls cgfqmd0f, Ps csf{sf b]zLo ;d:ofxdf x:
If]k gug]{, ;dfgtf kf:kls lxt tyf zflGtk"0f{ ;xcl:tjh:tf dxjk"0f{ kfFr l;4fGt . k~r
;lGw gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fcg;f :j, Jo~hg, lj;u{, :jflb k|s[ltefj oL kfFr lsl;dsf ;lGw
. @= gf6ssf dv, k|ltdv, ue{, ljdz{ lgj{x0f uL hDdf kfFr lsl;dsf ;lGw . k~r ;uG
w w"k gf) [;+)] >Lv08, s:t"L, cu?, sdsd, s];L;d]t kfFrj6f j:t ld;fO{ agfOPsf] ;
ulGwt w"k . k~r :sGw gf) [;+)] af}4 wd{cg;f k, j]bgf, ;+1f, ;+:sf lj1fg uL hDdf kfF
u0fxsf] ;dbfo . k~r :gfg gf) [;+)] != bO{ xft, bO{ uf]8f dvd08n uL hDdf kfFr
c\uxsf] :gfg . @= :gfgsf] ;f6f] dv, xft dfq} wg] sfo{ . k~rfIf lj) [;+)] != kfFr c
If ePsf] . gf) @= gdM lzjfo oL kfFr cIfsf] dGq . k~rfIfL lj) != kfFr cIf ePsf] . gf
kfFr cIf dfq xg] dGq . k~rflUg gf) [;+)] != clUgxf]qLxff k|of]u ulg] cGjfxfo{ (lkt[s
o{sf lglDt), ufx{kTo (b}jLjfs\sf lglDt), cfxjgLo (xjgsf lglDt), cfj;Yo (u[xsfo{s
f lglDt) krg (d0ff]kfGt cfTdbfxsf lglDt) u/L kfFr k|sfsf clUg . @= tk:of ubf{ k|of]
u ulg] cfgf rf}lt aflnPsf rf clUg cfk"mdflysf ;"o; { d]t hDdf kfFr clUgsf] ;dbfo .
~rf\u gf) [;+)] != kfFr c\u ePsf] j:t . @= cfoj]{bcg;f hf], af]qmf], kft, k"mn km
uL kfFr c\uxsf] ;d"x . #= Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f k|To]s lbgdf kg]{ ltly, jf, gIfq, of]u t
yf s0f oL kfFr c\u ePsf] kl:tsf kfqf] Sofn]G8 . k~rfd[t gf) [;+)] != ufO{sf] b"w, b
l3p dx tyf lrgL ldn] ag]sf] j:t . @= kfFr k|sfsf cd[txsf] ;dbfo . k~rfot gf) [;+)
] != g]kfnsf] ;+) @)!( sf] k~rfotsfnLg ;+ljwfgcg;f ufpF, gu, lhNnf tyf fi6sf] ;~rfn
gsf
720

lgldQ rlgPsf jf lgjf{lrt ePsf k~rxsf] ;\u7g To;sf] k4lt jf Joj:yf k~rxsf] ;ef . @= s
g} ljjfb jf d2fdfldnfdf ;dlrt lg0f{o lbgsf lglDt hDdf ePsf jf rlgPsf JolQmxsf
] Joj:yf Pj+ sfo{ . ~ pk;ldlt gf) k~rfotff sg} sfo{ ;DkGg ug{ ul7t ;ldltleqsf] csf
]{ ;ldlt . ~ ;ldlt gf) tTsfnLg fli6o k~rfotdf lgodfg;f ul7t xg] ljleGg ;ldltdWo] u
[x k~rfot tyf :yfgLo ljsf;, sfgg tyf Gofo, Iff, ;fdfGo k|zf;g nf]s;]jf cfof]usf]
jflif{s k|ltj]bgljifos sfo{;u F ;DaGw fvL sfo{;DkGg ug]{ ;ldlt . k~rfotL lj) [;+)
] != k~rfotsf] jf k~rfot;DaGwL . @= w]} hgfsf] ;femf uf]:jffsf] ;j{;fwf0fsf] . ~ cbfn
gf) ufpF k~rfotsf k~renfbdLx ldnL ;fgfltgf :yfgLo emu8fx 6\uf] nfpgsf lglDt u7g ulP
sf] cbfnt . ~ k|hftGq gf) g]kfnsf] ;+) @)!( sf] ;+ljwfgcg;f k~rfotsf gLltlgodxsf]
cfwfdf rn]sf] zf;gJoj:yf . ~ Joj:yf gf) g]kfnsf] ;+) @)!( sf] ;+ljwfgcg;f ufpF, gu,
lhNnf tyf fli6o k~rfot cflbsf qmdn] ul7t Ps ljz]if k|sfsf] fhgLlts Joj:yf . ~ ;ef gf
) sg} sfo{ ;DkGg ug{sf nflu ;f]sf ;DaGwdf ljrfljdz{ ug{sf lglDt a:g] k~rxsf] ;ef
. k~r]lGb|o gf) [;+)] != afXo hut\sf] 1fg ufpg] cfFvf, sfg, gfs, lha|f] tyf 5fnf uL
hDdf kfFr OlGb|osf] ;dbfo . @= af]nL, xft, vf, ubf tyf d"qf uL hDdf kfFr sd{]lGb|
sf] ;dbfo . k~rf]krf gf) [;+)] rGbg, k"mn, w"k, aQL g}jb ] oL kfFr yf]saf6 tof ulP
f] k"hfsf] ;fdu|L . k~h gf) [;+)] != rfr?\uL kfNg] vf] lkFhf . @= zLsf xf8xsf] c
. #= zL b]x . kl~hsf gf) [;+)] != sfof{noxdf 7fpF7fpFaf6 cfPsf ldl;n jf To;df n]lvPs
f x]s lsl;dsf sfuhkq ;|: ] tfdf r9fP btf{ uL fVg] k7fOg] sfuhsf] btf{sfkL kl:tsf jf
btf{sf] gDaadf]lhdsf sfuhsf] ljj0f . @= k|To]s kb jf zAbsf] cy{ vnfPsf] 6Lsf ljzb
6Lsf . #= k~rf\u kfqf] . $= ljifo;"rL . > kl~hsflwsfL gf) hGd, ljjfx, d[To cflb btf
{ uL b?:t fVg] sfddf vl6Psf] sd{rfL . kl~hsfWoIf gf) lh:6f . k~hL gf) [;+)] lx;fa
j0f n]lvg] kl:tsf axL . a4 lj) clelnlvt vftfdf r9fOPsf] tflnsfa4 . k~hLog gf) [;+)
= 3, hUuf cflbsf] laqmL jf x:tfGt0f ubf{ jf sg} kf;{n, lr7L cflb k7fpgkbf{ ;DalG
wt JolQmxsf] gfd, 7]ufgf cflb vftfdf r9fP clen]vsf kdf fVg] sfd . @= lgj]bssf] gfd,
lgj]bg, bvf{:t

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
721

k6\gk6n km6\bf cfpg] zAb . ^= s]xL k8\sFbf cfpg] zAb . lqm) lj) &= To:tf] zAb l
g:sg] uL . > k6k6tL lqm) lj) != cem} k6k6 xg] uL . @= esfes Pskl5 csf]{ 9Ng] jf dg
]{ uL . > k6k6fO gf) k6k6 ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . k6k6fOg c) lqm) != k6k6 zAb lgl:
sg . s) lqm) @= k6k6 zAb pTkGg ufOg . k6k6fpg c) lqm) != k6k6 zAb pTkGg xg k6\
sg . @= e6e6fpg kmnfSg . #= c:ki6 zAb af]Ng . k6k6fx6 gf) k6k6fpg] efj, cj:yf
jf lqmofk|lqmof k6k6fO . k6k6fxf lj) k6fk6 zAb lgsfNg] k6k6] km6km6] . k6kl6g c) lqm
) k6k6fpg . k6k6L lqm) lj) k6k6tL k6k6 . k6k6] gf) != df]6f] hftsf] b"af] 3f]8]b"af
] . @= vsLsf] laF8 cflb agfpg] sfddf cfpg] Ps hftsf] v efnsf7 . #= alnof] tyf ge
mg]{, bfFtL k]sf lsgff ePsf] ;fwf0f kft xg], kx]Fnf jf ;]tf ;;fgf cfsfsf k"mn kmNg
] af]6ljz]if . $= s]fsf kftsf 8fFVnfaf6 agfOg] k6k6 ahfpFb} v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps
v]nf}gf . lj) %= k6k6 zAb ug]{ k6k6 zAb lgsfNg] . ^= e6e6fpg] km6km6] . k6k6fO gf)
k6kl6g] jf k6k6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k6k6fOg s) lqm) k6k6 kflg k6k6 zAb lgsflng
. k6k6fpg k|) ] lqm) k6k6 kfg{ k6k6 zAb lgsfNg jf lgsfNg nfpg . k6k6fx6 gf) k6kl
6g] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof k6k6fO . k6aGwf gf) [;+)] sg} klg clwfHosf clwfhsL
k|dv ljjflxtf dxffgL k6fgL . k6afemf] gf) [;+) kaGWo] != slxn] klg vghf]t gulPsf] a
mf] ;fx|f] hldg . lj) @= Psbd afFemf] kaGWo . k6ldf]k6d]f] gf) a8xsf h:tf t s]xL
ft x'g], ;]tf k"mn sfnf kmn kmNg] kft ufO{a:t'n] vfg] Ps k|sfsf] v s'6ldf] . k6d}bf
gf) [k6d}bfg] != ;Dd k]sf] kmflsnf] d}bfg v'nf vx s]xL klg gePsf] p3ff] d}bfg . #= v
, kmflsnf] ;dy afFemf] hUuf ktL{ . k6fgL gf) [;+) kf1L] fhfsf ;fydf z'efHofleif
xffgL kdlxifL . k6L! gf) [;+) kcL] != ]nsf lnsd'lGt la5fOPsf] sf7 jf kmnfd ]n
= kmNofs . #= OGr cflbsf gfksf] lrXg ePsf] sf7 cflbsf] gfKg] ;fwg . $= fhdfu{sf b
'j}lt k}bn lxF8\g agfOPsf] af6f] . %= gbL cflbsf k'nsf b'j}lt lxF8\g agfOPsf] k]6L
. k6L@ gf) [k|jQ [ 6L > ;+) k|jl[ Q) d]n ldnfk afgLdf ;dfgtf (pbf) xlsf] t p;;Fu k6
} vfFb}g) . k6n gf) [;+)] != 3 cflbsf] 5fgf] 5t 5fbg . @= s'g} j:t'nfO{ 9fSg] jf 5f]
Kg] ;fwg kbf{ cfj0f . #= tx kq .

cflb lgj]bg ulPsf] ljifo cflb btf{ ufpg] sfd . ~ kq gf) k~hLog sfo{sf nflu eg'{kg]{
k"j{lgwf{lt tflnsfo'St sfuh . k6\g! c) lqm) [;+) k|jQ [ g] != sg} sfd aGg jf tf
d]n xg l;4 xg lgA6g . @= e]63f6 xg d]n xg ldnfk xg . k6\g@ c) lqm) v]taf
kfgL kUg l;l~rt xg . k6! gf) [;+)] != sk8f nuf j:q . @= lrq n]Vg] sk8f, sfuh,
kmn]s cflb j:t . #= kbf{ . $= tl:a lrq . k6@ lj) [;+)] != s]xL ghfGg] d"v{ c1fgL sf]
/f . @= ;dtn (d}bfg) . lqm) lj) #= Psbd w]} (k6d"v,{ k6afFemf] O)) . k6# gf) [;+)]
3fp, vl6f lr]kl5 kLk tyf ut ;kmf ug]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] j:t . k6s lqm)lj) [;+) k|To]
s] rf]l6 kN6 aflh k]m . k6syf gf) [;+)] b[ZofjnL 5fofgsf nflu lgb]z { ;lxtsf] ;+jfb
s cfn]v (l:qmK6) . k6sf gf) [c) d") k6\ sf] != af?b uGwsaf6 tof ulPsf] k6fsk6fs u
] j:t k6fsf . @= eO{Fdf ahfbf{ jf cfuf] ;NsfpFbf ad, uf]nf cflbem}F k8\sg] Ps l
sl;dsf] cft;afhL . k6s] lj) [k6s P] != Ps k6s dfq xg] Ps rf]l6 dfq xg] . @= Ps jf
w]} k6s sg} ckfwdf ;flat eO;s]sf] jf ;hfo kfPsf] . #= k6sk6s uL ulg] . gf) $= Ps} r
f]l6sf lglDt egL tf]lsP lgsf;f ePsf] sd . ~ rf] gf) PskN6 rf]Ldf ;dfltO;s]sf] . k6Ss
qm) lj) [c) d") k6s\ s] != sf7 cflb efFlrFbf em}F zAb cfpg] uL . @= etSs;Fu dg]{
lsl;dn] . #= s]xL klg xFb} gxg] lsl;dn] . $= 7fDd} lansn slQ klg . (pbf)pm d}n] e
g]sf] k6Ss dfGb}g) . k666 lqm) lj) [c) d") k6\ (;ft))] != k6sf cflb Pskl5 csf]{ k
8\sFbfsf] em}F zAb cfpg] uL . @= k8\sff] lsl;dn] ;lgg] uL pRrf0f u] . k6gf gf) [;+
!= eftsf] ljxfk|fGtsf] fhwfgL k6gf ;x . @= c\uh ]| ;sfn] O:6 OlG8of sDkgLdfk{mt rnf
db|f sDkgL . #= c\u|]hn] rnfPsf] eftLo db|f . ~ dfnf gf) k6gf h8] uxgfsf kdf agfPsf
dfnf 6Ssfxf sDkgLdfnf . k6gL gf) [kf6\ cgL] v]t cflbdf kfgL k6fpg] sfd l;FrfO . k6k6
) [c) d") k6 c (l))] != s]fsf kftsf] 8fFVnf] aLrdf s]xL efu fv] bO{lt lrL xNnfP ahf
f] zAb . @= To:tf] zAb lgsfn] v]lng] v]n . #= xfF8Ldf el6Psf ds} cflb k8\sFbf cf
pg] zAb . $= nL cflb afaf efFlrxFbf cfpg] zAb . %= sg} j:t nuftf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k6jGWofk6\lsg $= cfFvfsf] kmns jf 9sgL . %= u|Gysf] cWofo klR5]b . ^= ;d"x hdft x"n
k6jGWof gf) [;+) kjGWof] lgM;Gtfg cfOdfO{ (6sffF8, a"9L sGg] jf a}nf) . k6jfL gf) [;
+) k jfnf O{] tfO{sf df}hfsf] hldg To;sf p7tLsf] lx;fa fVg] lhDbfeGbf tnsf] Ps kbflws
Dbfsf] ;xfos k6jfL k6jfL . k6fO gf) [ k6\ (+cfO)] != kfgL k6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
fp cfO] @= k6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k6fOg s) lqm) != k6\g] kflg sfd tfd]n kf
lg . @= v]t cflbdf kfgL nufOg . k6fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != v]t cflbdf kfgL nufpg
 la?jf cflbdf kfgL l;~rg ug{ . @= vfN6f] kg{ ;Dd tNofpg . #=sfd l;4 ug{ sfo{
k"f ug{ . $= k6\g] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg . k6fpgL gf) [ kfp cfpgL] sk8fsf] dv l;nfpg
sfd la6 dfg]{ sfd . k6fpg ;) lqm) sg} s/f cfgf] kIfdf kfg{ ;kmn xg . k6fsf gf)
x]) k6sf . k6fIf]k gf) [;+)] gf6sdf Ps b[Zo b]vfO;s]kl5 csf]{ b[Zo b]vfpgeGbf kl
xn] kbf{ v;fNg] sfd hjlgsf v;fpg] sfd . k6f\lugL gf) [kf6f] k|f) c\u0f O{] != 3sf bfof
ofF agfOPsf] vnf d}bfg sf]v] cfFug . @= ;Dd k]sf] kmflsnf] rp . k6f\uL gf) [kf6f] ;+
u O{] k6f\lugL . k6fk6 lqm) lj) [c) d") k6] != kmtL{;fy wdfwd r6fr6 56f56 km6fkm6 .
nuftf efFlrg] jf k8\sg] uL k6k6 . #= wdfwd lk6\g] lsl;dn] . $= Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ db}
{ hfg] uL e6fe6 . k6f\g ;) lqm) [k6f g] l;Fuf ug{ ;hfpg z[\uf kfg{ . k6f
Lh:tf] kf] algPsf] lkmQf . @= 3f]8fsf] sf7L s:g] k]6L . #= nufkmf6f] cflbn] l;Fu
flg] jf ;;lHht xg] sfd (h:tf] l;Fufk6f) . k6ffO gf) [ k6f\ ( cfO)] k6fg]{ lqmof j
of . [ > ] k6flg s) lqm) k6fg]{ sfd ulg l;Fuflg . k6f;L gf) [g]jf) ktfl;] ftf] ls
xg], ljz]if uL HofkgLxn] nufpg], sfnf] kmlof . k6fxf gf) [k|f) k] != 3sf 9f]sfsf] b
ofFafofF a:g agfOPsf] 7fpF . @= sf7sf] kmn}Frf . #= hf]ltPsf v]tafLdf p7]sf 8Nnf8
NnL km6fpg] ;DDofpg] sfddf k|of]u xg] Ps lsl;dsf] sf7 rf}sL . kl6g c) lqm) [k6\ O
] sfd l;4 xf]Og k6\g .
722

k6 lj) [;+)] != szn lgk0f bIf l;kfn k|jL0f . @= rnfs rt . #= :ki6 (jStf) . k6s
f) [;+) k6s] S;L agfpFbf vlK6Psf efF8fsf aLraf6 xfjf hfg aGb ug{sf nflu uf]an] 6fn
]sf] 3]f] . k6sf@ gf) [;+) k6s] sDddf afFWg] nfdf] vfnsf] sk8f sdaGbL . > k6sL gf)
= ;fgf] vfnsf] k6sf sDdk]6Lsf kdf k|of]u ulPsf] l7Ss nDafO jf rf}8fOsf] sk8f . @= k
6sf (uLt, sljtf jf nf]suLtdf) . k6tfk6Tj gf) [;+)] != ljifoj:tk|ltsf] bIftf sf}
zn ;Lk . @= af7f]kgf rtofOF . k6jf! gf) [kf6 pjf] != b; lkm6;Dd cUnf] xg,] e]6g \ f
df tLgtLgj6f kft hf]l8P xg], ftf tyf lkmsf xlof 8fF7 xg,] kmNg] a]nfdf sfgL 5f]8g \
] ltgjf (jf ;fbf) tf];f (jf nSvL)h:tf bO{ e]bdf juL{st [ Ps jg:klt ;g . @= To;}
sf] 8fF7 sxfO{ af]qmfaf6 lgsflnPsf] kf6 ;gkf6 . k6jf@ gf) [;+) k6 pjf] wfuf], kf]t
,] hL cflbsf] sfd ug]{ Ps ju{ jf hflt . k6jf/L gf)x]) k6jf/L . k6]! gf) [;+) kq] !=
3Or F f] eL8 . @= l5g{ g;lsg] h\un jf emf8L sf7L . (h:t} sfnLk6]) . lj) #= k|z:t Ho
bf w]} . lqm) lj) $= w]} k|z:t k] . k6]@ gf) [;+) kq P] af]emfsf] em}F t uGwljxL
hnfzosf lgs6df k}bf xg], uGb|L cflb aGg] sfddf ;d]t k|of]udf cfpg], Ps yL pv
kft] jg:klt . k6]nfk6]nf] gf) [;+) k6n8u \ f] != Ps hftsf] df5f] . @= d8f, d8\sf
jf s]fsf yfd cflbnfO{ Pscsf{;Fu afFw] agfOPsf] vf; k|sfsf] 8\uf . k6f]n gf) [;+)] !=
Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . @= ka (tsf{L) . k6\sg c) lqm) [c) d") k6s] != aGbs, tf]k cflb rnf
Fbf zAb lg:sg . @= ds} cflb e6\tfv]l k6k6 zAb lg:sg . ;) lqm) #= eGg gxg] sf]
KofRr eGg . $= hldgdf k5fg{ n8fpg . > k6\sfO gf) k6\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k6\
sfOg s) lqm) k6\sfpg] sfd ulg . k6sfpg ;) lqm) != tf]k, aGbs, k6sf cflbaf6 cfjf
h lgsfNg k8\sfpg . @= ufnfdf na6fn] lxsf{pg r8\sfpg . #= efFRg . $= afkmsf ;fy
sg} sfd ug{ . %= csf{sf] wgdfn cglrt tlsfaf6 x8k ug{ . k6\sfg ;) lqm) [;+) :ki
6s g] != :ki6 cfjfh pRrf0f ug{ . @= ufnL ug{ km6\sfg{ . [c) d") k6] #= k5fg{ k6\s
g . k6\sff] lj) [;+) :ki6s] :ki6 (cfjfh) . k6\lsg c) lqm);) lqm) [ k6\sg] != k6\s
. @= k6k6 zAb lgl:sg .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
723

k6\s]k6f; kfpg' c) lqm) [;+) kcfpg'] != Ps} 7fpF w]} a] al;xFbf, Psgf;l;t sfd ul
Fbf pRrf6 nfUg' pf7 nfUg' . @= cfn:o nfUg' cN5L nfUg' . kf sa'lnot gf) [kfas'lnot] 7
fn] 7]Ssfkfsf] sfd tf]lsPsf] ;doleq ug]{5' egL ullbPsf] lnvt . kfleif]s gf) [;+)] fHo
leif]s . kl gf) of]) [;+) k|lt] != lt tkm{ . (h:tf] Totfkl, otfkl, af6fkl O)). @= k
. (h:tf] Gofokl nfu, zq'kl gnfu O)) . klsf gf) [;+)] != n]Vg] ;fgf] k6 jf l;nf]6 kf6L
. @= sk8fsf] 6'qmf] jf wf] . #= k|df0fkq . $= lje"if0f cflb n'sf{pg k|of]u ulg] lj
z]if lsl;dsf] lkmQf . kL! gf) [;+) klsf] != n]Vg] sf7 jf 9'
u \ fsf] kf6L . @= 5fnf,
sk8f cflbsf] 6'qmf] . #= 3fpvl6fdf cf}ifwL nufO{ afFlwg] jf 6fFl;g] sk8f AofG8]h .
n]kg gf) 3fpvl6f, rf]6k6s, efFlrPsf] 7fpF cflbdf kL afFWg] lqmof . kL@ gf) [;+) klQ
;}lgssf] ;'a]bfsf dftxtsf] :ofgf] 6f]nL . k6\6! ' gf) [;+) k] Ps k|sfsf] pmgL sk8f
. k6\6'@ gf) [;+) k6'] != Ps hftsf] dL7f] af]Ng] ;'uf . @= ;'uf . k] lj)lqm) lj) [;+
) kqP] k|z:t w]} k6] afSnf] 3D;L . kf] gf) [;+) k6] afnv ;'tfpg] ;fgf] la5fpgf P
rs6L 8kmnf] . kfO gf) [ kfp -cfO)] kfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kfOg' s) lqm
lb tx}tx kf] bf]Ao|fOg' . kfpg' ;) lqm) [;+) kqofpg'] n'uf, sfut cflbnfO{ tx}tx kf]
fpg' txtx kfg'{ . kf gf)x]) k6\f . kfx6 gf) [kfpcfx6] kfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|
k'67 \ ] ;'gf}nf jf kf}nf
sf tfn] ag]sf] lkmQf . kf@ lj) [kf]sf] lt) )] x]) kf] .
] kL o'jfojtL . kL lj) [kf] O)] t?gL ojtL . kf] lj) [;+) k|y  k[y]  != ojf
) @ hjfg xfQL . k6\gf gf) [;+) kQg] != dfnfsf] kdf nufOg] sDkgL ?lkofFxsf] l7Fu  fe
m}+ pg]sf] dfnf k6gfdfnf sDkgLdfnf . @= sDkgL dbf | . k6f;! gf) [c) d") k6fF; \ c]
n cflb lgkmGbf

k6\s ] lj) [k6sP] != ufO{a:t' 7x} dg]{ Ps k|sfsf] f]u Ps lsl;dsf] b];fg . @= uf]7fnfn
ufO{a:t'nfO{ ufnL ubf{ eGg] zAb n8] . #= s;}sf] 8wfs gdfgL aLr}df lgw{Ss af]Ng] :k
i6jStf . k6\SofO gf) [ k6\ls (ofO)] k6\lsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > k6\Sofx6 gf) k6\lsg
] efj, lqmof jf l:ylt k6\SofO . k! lqm) lj) [c) d") k6\6)] != efF8f k'm6\bf jf sf7 c
flb efFlrFbf em}F cfjfh lg:s] . @= PsfPs dg]{ lsl;dn] e'tS ' s . #= PsfPs s'g} sfd
x'g] jf ug]{ rfndf r 5 . $= Psbd lans'n k6Ss s'g} klg xfntdf (pbf)pm d}n] eg]sf] k
g .) . k@ gf) [;+)] !=cFufn] sfnf] nufOPsf] vLn] n]Vg] sf7sf] kmNofs kf6L . @= w"nf]
xfn] l;Gsfn] n]lvg] sf7sf] kmNofs . #= lkf lksf{ . $= fhf1f, bfgkq cflb n]lvPsf] wft
', lznf, 5fnf, sfut cflbsf] kftf] jf kq . %= o'4df 5ftLdf nufOg] 9fn . ^= kuL . &
= fhkf6 . * sk8f k6 . (= fhl;+xf;g . !)= ];d . !!= kbs tSdf . lj) !@= k|wfg d'Vo . k
) [;+)] ;x gu kQg . > kgL gf) guL kQgL k'L . kaGwf gf) [;+)] kfgL k6/fgL k6
kdxffgL] k6aGwf . k dlxifLkf1L gf) [;+)] k6fgL . kfgL gf) [;+) kf1L] k6fgL
{ cfj0f k6n . @= cfFvfdf w"nf], d}nf] cflbff aRgsf lglDt afFlwg] ?dfn . k j:qkf+zs
[;+)] ;gkf6sf] sk8f kf6 cflbsf wfufaf6 tof kflPsf] sk8f . kf! gf) [;+) k6] != dl;gf
ljleGg cfsfsf w;f{ ePsf], k|foM ;'Tg] a]nfsf] klxg xg'dfg\ s6\6'sf lglDt k|of]u ulg
] sk8f . @= ;fwf
sf] tNnf] lsgfdf aflxkl a'fbf b]lvg] 6nSs k]sf] ;fL . kf@ gf) [
] 7]sb ] fnfO{ 7]Ssfkfadf]lhd sfd ug{ lbg] clwsfkq 7]Ssfsf] axfnLk'hL{ . @= ;fx" dxfh
gsf] Ps k|sfsf] Jofkf . #= taf fVg] vf]n Dofg . $= taf rnfP bO{ k|ltGLsf aLr x
4sf] cEof; ulg] Ps k|sfsf] nL . %= 5fnfsf] k]6L . ^= 5fnf, wft, sk8f cflbsf] lkmQ
fh:tf] j:t . &= ljz]if klxgsf cj:yfdf bfofF afofF sdb]lv sDd;Dd kUg] uL k|fnlDas
f nsf{pg klxlg] ljz]if k|sfsf] kL . kfO gf) [ kfp ( cfO)] != kfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f]kg pRrf6 . [ > ] kfOg c) lqm) pf7 nfUg] xf]Og . kfOnf] lj) kfOnfUbf] pfl7nf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k6f;k9\g cfF}Fnfn] xfGbf gf\nfaf6 lg:sg] zAb . k6f;@ gf) [;+) k6f+z] afF;sf x]s c
a]lP knfpg] e'm;}em ' ; ePsf], k'msfP kmflsnf] kfL n]Vg] sfddf k
\vf cflb agfpg] sf
k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] j:t' afF;sf] vk6f . k6fO gf) [ k6fp -cfO)] k6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|
of kfO . [ >] k6fOg' s) lqm) sfuh, sk8f cflb tx}tx kfL bf]Ao|fOg' k6fOg' k6fpg] s
k6fpg ;) lqm) [;) kq ofp g] sfuh, sk8f cflb tx}tx kf] bf]Ao|fpg bf]at]a cflb kf
g kfpg . k6fs gf) [c) d") k6fs\ c] k8\sg] jf efFlrg] rfn . k6s  gf) != s8f ;
fFRbf cfpg] zAb . lqm) lj) @= To:tf sf7x efFRbf zAb ug]{ lsl;dn] . #= xfF8Ldf el
6Fb} u]sf ds} cflb k"mn p7\b} ug]{ uL . $= cfufdf ;]sfOPsf b"w] ds} cflb zAb lg:sg
] uL k8\lsFb} u] . k6S  s lqm) lj) k6fsk6s  xb F } . > k6fSs lqm) lj) != s8f
sf7 efFRtf PsfPs zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= k8\sf cflb k8\sFbf PSsfl; zAb lg:sg] uL .
#= cf}Fnf k8\sfpFbf PSsfl; zAb ug]{ lsl;d;Fu . k6f gf) [c) d") k6f\ c] x]) k6fs .
)lqm) lj) k6fsk6s  . > k6f\uk6f\ lqm) lj) k6fsf] 7"nf] cfjfh cfpg] uL k6fSs
xf] != sg} sfd ubf{ cgej xg] pf7 l:ylt . @= ;w}F Ps} 7fpFdf al;xFbf cgej xg] l
bUbfL . #= kv{Fbf, sbf{ jf kfnf] a:bf nfUg] cN5L jf pF3fO . k7g gf) [;+)] != k9\g
] sfd cWoog . @= pNn]v . kf7g gf) k9\g] k9fpg] sfd cWoogcWofkg n]vk9 . zLn lj) v
] cWoogzLn . > k7gLo lj) k9\g of]Uo kf7 ug{ nfos cWoogLo kf7 . k7fO gf) [ k7fp cfO]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k7fOg s) lqm) != k7fpg nfOg . @= k7fpg] sfd xf]Og .
#= kofpg nfOg . k7fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [;+) k|:yfkg > k|f) kfj0f] != sg} 7fpFdf
hfg k|]0ff lbg st} kUg cf1f lbg . @= s;}nfO{ sg} 7fpFdf sg} j:t kofpg nufpg
. #= labf ug{ cGdfpg . $= nsf{pg . %= k|]lift ug{ . k7f gf) [;+) k|:yfs] ;dtn
hldgdf x]sf ;fgf kj{tlzvxsf] afa prfOdf x]sf] lxdfn cflbsf aLrdf k]sf] lj:t[t d}bfg
l7t lj) [;+)] != k9]n]v]sf] ;fIf . @= ljBf xfl;n u]sf] lzlIft .
724

k7jf gf) [> k8jf] v]tdf xnkxn xlof af]6 ;f]xf]] nufOPsf] slgpFdf uD:ofP tof ePsf
sjf wfg . k7]u|Lk7]u|f]k7f\u|Lk7f\u|f] gf) [kf7f] Pu|LPu|f] of\uL| of\uf| ] ]
g]{ cj:yfdf kUg nfu]sf], e]8fafv|fsf] kf7f] . k8\g c) lqm) [;+) ktg] != pkof]udf
gcfO{ lxxg ldlNsPh:tf] eOxg . @= 9Nsg klN6g . k8tfn gf) [;+) kltf]ng] sg} sfds
sf vf]6 jf ql6xsf] lgLIf0f jf hfFraem ug]{ sfd . k8gL gf) [k8tf gL] != ;Svf v]tdf
klg xg] Ps k|sfsf] rfF8} kfSg] clUgof wfg . @= Ps k|sfsf] c3}of wfg 3}of . k8fO gf)
[ k8\ ( cfO)] k8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k8fOg s) lqm) k8\g] tNofOg . k8fpg[
 ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) k8\g] tNofpg . kl8g c) lqm) pkof]udf gcfO{ To;} lxxg ldlNsg .
k8jf lj) pkof]udf gcfO{ To;} lx/x]sf] ldlNsPafa ePsf] . k8\sg c) lqm) [c) d") k8s\
x]) k6\sg . > k8\sf gf) k6\sf . k8\sfO gf) k8\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k8\sfOg s) l
qm) k6\sfOg . k8\sfpg ;) lqm) k6\sfpg . k8\sf\g ;) lqm) x]) k6\sfg{ . k8\sff]k8\
fnf] lj) [;+) :ki6s] k6\sff] . k8\lsg c) lqm) x]) k6\lsg . k8\s ] lj)gf) != x]) k6
. @= ;]tf efjsf v;|f, tLg rf cdn rf}8f kft xg] ;]tf] af]qmf] xg] k8fSs efFlrg] v
fnsf] bAnf] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] v . #= kz . k8\sf] gf) [k8\s cf]] k8fSs efFlrg] vfns
f] sdhf] jf sdnf] (v, sf7 cflb) . k8\SofO gf) [ k8\ls ( ofO)] k8\lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|
qmof . [ > ] k8\Sofx6 gf) k8\lsg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . k8fs gf) [k8fs\ c] k8\s
bf jf efFlrFbfsf] zAb . k8s  gf)lqm) lj) x]) k6fsk6s . > k8fSs lqm) lj) x]) k6
. k8f gf) [c) d") k6f\ c] lxsf{Osf] rfn jf zAb . k8 lqm) lj) k8fsf] zAb lgsfl
aGbs cflb j:t k8\sg] lsl;dn] k6f\ k6fs . @= ufnfdf na6fn] xfGbf zAb lg:sg] uL . k9
 ;) lqm) [;+) k7g] != k:ts jf n]vdf n]lvPsf sfsf] 1fg xg] uL kf7 ug{ kf7 3f]Sg
 ljBfEof; ug{ cWoog ug{ . @= afRg kf7 ug{ . #= l;Sg hfGg . > k9Gtk9Gt] lj) cfj
oseGbf a9L k9\g] v"a k9\g] ;w}F Psgf;l;t kl9xg] . k9fO gf) k9\g] efj, lqmof jf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
725

k0fktfsf pGglt, j}ej, kb dof{bf cflbaf6 tn em]sf] cj:yf cjglt . #= hfltRot xg] jf
ePsf] cj:yf . $= gfz ljWj+; . %= d[To d0f . zLn lj) ktg xb F } uPsf] ktgf]Gdv .
ktgLo ktg xg ;Defljt jf :jfefljs ktg xg] cj:yfdf kus ] f] v:g jf emg{ nfos . k
tgf]Gdv lj) ktglt pGdv ePsf] ktg xg nfu]sf] v:g cfF6s ] f] ktgzLn . ktkt lqm) lj)
c) d") kt\ c (l)). != lunf] jf kfth:tf] xnsf j:t nuftf v:g] u/L To;L v:tf zAb lg:sg]
uL . @= w"jfF lg:sg] lsl;dn] ktkt . > ktktL lqm) lj) cem} ktkt xg] uL . ktL! gf)
kft O{] j]Zof kft . ktL@ gf) [kft cL] != 6kL . @= ;fx|} kfgf] eO{ 6fn]sf] sk8f . k
+) kqfn] kftnf] . ktnfO gf) [ ktnfp - cfO)] ktnfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ktnfOg
c) lqm) kftnf] xf]Og . ktnfpg c) lqm) [kftnf] cfp g] kftnf] xg bAnfpFb} hfg . kt
ng gf) [c\) k}G6n"g] vsnf ;f]emf df]xf]tf xg], OFhf gxfnL 6fFs cflb nufOg] Ps k
|sfsf] of]kn ] L ;?jfn . ktNofO gf) [ ktNofp - cfO)] ktNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] ktNofOg s) lqm) kftnf] kflg kftnf] agfOg . ktNofpg ;) lqm) [kftnf] ofp g] != k
f] kfg{ ktg agfpg . @= kGofnf] tNofpg t/n agfpg . #= sf7 cflbnfO{ vs]{ jf tf5
] kftnf] kfg{ . > ktNofx6 gf) ktNofO . ktjf gf) [k|f) kfQjf8 < ;+) kqjfn] != gfp No
fpg] bflanf]h:tf] ;fwg axgf . @= gfpnfO{ otfplt 3dfpg gfpsf kl5lNt nufOg] ;fwgljz
]if k5jf . ktxL gf) [;+) kq
O{] x]) kt} . ktf gf) [;+) k|:y  a:tL] != JolQmljz]ifsf]
a;f]af; ePsf] 7fpF7]ufgf jtg . @= lr7L cflb 7Ls 7fpFdf kofpgsf lglDt vfdsf aflxkl n]
lvg] gfd, 7fpF cflb . #= kll:yltsf] jf sg} ljifosf x:osf] 1fg kQf] .$= x:o e]b e]p .
%= 1fg . ktfsf gf) [;+)] != emG8f jf Wjhf . @= lrXg jf lg;fg . #= ;flxTodf gf6ssf
] d"n syfj:tb]lv cltlSt ;xfos syf xg] ljlzi6 :yn ktfsf:yfgs . :yfgs gf) ljrf ulPsf
ljifo jf k|:tt k|;\u;Fu d]n vfg] csf]{ ljifo jf k|;\u pkl:yt xg] gf6ssf] :yn .
> ktfsL lj) != ktfsf ePsf] emG8fjfn . @= ktfsf lng] emG8f af]Sg] . gf) #= y .

k|lqmof . k9fOg s) lqm) k9\g nfOg lzIff lbOg . k9fpg k|]) lqm) != k:ts jf n]vd
f n]lvPsf sfsf] af]w ufpg k:tssf sf aemfpg . @= ljBfEof; ufpg ljBf xfl;n ufpg
#= 1fg ufpg l;sfpg . kl9g s) lqm) k9\g] sfd ulg . k9Lkl08t gf) k9] ePsf] kl08t .
k9}of lj) kl9xg] 6Gtf cWoogzLn . k0f gf) [;+)] != afhL fv] v]lng] v]n . @= afhL fl
:t . #= Hofnf dhbL kfl>lds . $= Ogfd k:sf kfltf]lifs . %= ?lkofF k};f . ^= k|l
{ . &= lnR5ljsfnLg tfdfsf] db|f . ~ lqmof gf) afhL yfKg] jf afhL nufpg] sfd . aG
w gf) ! afhL . @= k|lt1f . k08f gf) [;+)] != ;t\ c;t\ sfsf] ljj]s ug]{ al4 ljj]szl
Qm . @= ljBf 1fg . #= tLy{, dlGb jf 3f6df wfld{s s[To ufpg] a|fXd0f tLy{kf]lxt u\u
. kl08t gf) [;+)] != zf:qsf] tfTko{ fd|L ae]msf] ljfg\ JolQm zf:qj]Qf . @= ;t\ c;t\
5fpg] al4 ePsf] JolQm . #= ;+:s[tsf] jf cGo efiffsf] ljfg\ JolQm . $= a|fXd0fnfO{
cfb ubf{ elgg] zAb . %= f0ffsfndf rn]sf] lzIfsxsf] Ps bhf{ . ^= 3[tsf}lzs uf]qsf g
]kfnL afxgxsf] Ps y . lj) &= ljfg\ zf:q1 . *= lgk0f szn . (= kf0f eGg] kf}fl0fs
gL lj) cfk"mnfO{ ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ljfg\ 7fGg] . fh gf) != 7"nf ljfg\ jf wGw kl08t .
:tf 7"nf ljfg\ kl08tnfO{ lbOg] Ps pkflw . > kl08TofO gf) kl08tdf xg] u'0f kfl08To lj
. k09 lj) [;+)] != vlblaqmL ug{ of]Uo . gf) @= vlblaqmL ulg] j:t' . #= vlblaqmL ulg]
fpF ahf . $= vlblaqmL ug]{ ;fwg k0f d'bf| . ~ If]q gf) dfn;fdfgx vlblaqmL ulg] 7fp
0oe"ld . ~ bf;L gf) k};f lnP csf{sf] gf]sL ug]{ :qL . ~ e"ld gf) k09If]q . jLly gf)
f6 ahf k;n . zfnf gf) vlblaqmL ug]{ b'sfgx ePsf] 3 k;n . kts gf) [;+) kqs[t] x]
f) [;+)] != kIfL rf] . @= p8\g] k'tnL . #= km6f
\uf| ] . $= r
\uf . > kt
\lusf gf) != ;
] cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] kIfL . @= df}L . #= p8\g] k'tnL . ktem gf) [;+) kqk|f) em8] lzlz
f cGo s'g} Ct'df vaf6 kft emg]{ lgv'sf]{ . ~ jg gf) ;bfaxf geO{ lzlz jf cGo s'g} Ct'
df kft em] gf
\luPsf v ePsf] h
\un . kt~hln gf) [;+)] dxfefio gfds Jofs0f jf efiffzf:q
rgf ug]{ kfl0fgLo klkf6Lsf d'lg gfu]z km0fLGb| . ktg gf) [;+)] != dflyaf6 tnltsf] v;
O lufO . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

ktfnkTy/ ktfn gf) [;+) kftfn] x]) kftfn . ktf;L gf) x]) k6f;L . kltu gf) [kftOFu] x
t
\u . klt+j/f gf) [;+)] cfgf OR5fcg';f klt j0f ug]{ sGof :jo+jf . klt gf) [;+)] !=
:t' jf JolQmsf] wgL jf :jfdL . @= s'g} ljjflxtf :qLsf] nf]Ug] kf]O sfGt . #= fi6sf]
;jf]{Rr zf;s . $= kfz'kt bz{gcg';f cklldt 1fgzlSt k|e'zlQmn] o'St (hut\sf] ;[li6,
l:ylt ;+xfsf sf0f) dx]Zj . %= OHht cfa? ktL dfg k|lti7f . ^= hf] d"n . &= zfxL ;
pRr kbflwsfL sdfG8/ (h:tf] rd"klt) . sfdf gf) kltsf] sfdgf ug]{ :qL . ~ 3fltgL gf)
= kltnfO{ dfg]{ :qL . @= Hof]ltif jf ;fd'lb|s zf:qcg';f ljwjf x'g] of]u jf nIf0f
ePsL :qL . ~ eHg' c) lqm) dg Pj+ tgn] nf]Ug] t'Nofpg' . klt
klt
\u gf) [kftO
\O
\u
] em] e'O{Fdf em]sf kftxsf] ;d'bfo kftklt
\u . kltt lj) [;+)] != v;]sf] em]sf] lu
lt, wd{ cflbaf6 Ro't ePsf] . #= cfrfe|i6 rlqe|i6 . $+ dxfkfkL kftsL . %= gLr cwd . ~
kfjg lj) != klttxsf] p4f ug]{ ckljqnfO{ kljq kfg]{ . gf) @ O{Zj . #= a|Xdf . kltb]jtf
gf) [;+)] != kltkL b]jtf . gf) @= cfgf kltnfO{ b]jtf;dfg dfGg] :qL kltj|tf :qL . kl
twd{ gf) [;+)] != kltk|lt ug'k { g]{ :qLsf] st{Jo . @= :qLk|lt k'?if jf kltn] ug'
{kg]{ st{Jo . kltgf gf) [;+) klqgf  klqgL] afaL emf k'lbgf klbgf . kltof gf) [;+) kl
gofF d'ns ' L P]g nfu" x'ge ' Gbf k"j{ hfteftaf6 kltt ePsf JolQmn] cfgf hftdf ld
Ngsf lglDt wdf{lwsfLsf lgb]{zgcg';f ug]{ u]sf] z'l4 k|folZrQ . ~ k'hL{ gf) hftaf6 klt
t ePsf dflg;nfO{ cfgf hftdf ldNgsf lglDt ;sfL c8\8faf6 lbOg] k'hL{ . kltjtL lj) [;+)
] klt lhpFb} ePsL ;wjf ;f}efUojtL (:qL) . kltj|t gf) [;+)] kltsf] lgGt ;]jfz>"iff ul
j|t kfltj|To kltk|ltsf] cgGo elQm k|d ] . > kltj|tf gf) kltj|t lnPsL :qL ;tL . ktL
f) [;+) k|lti7f] OHht cfa? xd{t . kt \ g c) lqm) [;+) k|Toff]x0f] != wfdLemfFqmLn]
lrGtf a:tf ;DalGwt b]jtfnfO{ cfdf r9fP sfFKg . @= To;L sfFKt} aSg . > ktfO gf) kt
g{] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ktlg[  c) lqm) ktg]{ xf]Og . kt]f] gf) [kft Pf]] af]6l
?jfsf kftdf nfUg] jf a:g] kft}sf /sf] sLf] kw]f] . kt]nf] gf) [kftf] Pnf]] != xfF8L .
kft Pnf]] @= la?jf (h:tf]
726

a]nfkt]nf) . kt} gf) [ ktxL] != kfn sf6] kflPsf] w"nf] s6L . @= wfgsf gnsf] k]mb sf
f] 5f]6f]5f]6f] 6q]m kfn . #= bfOF ubf{ wfgdf ldl;Psf] kfn . kTs gf) [;+) kqs[t] ;s
] eO{Fdf em]sf kftklt\u jf emfkft . kQg! lj) [;+) ktg] v] uPsf] lau|]sf] sfd} gnf
Qg@ gf) [;+)] != ;x gu kg . @= d[b\u . ~ cfoQm gf) guIfs . kfnf gf) guL . k
7fgf ktf . @= 1fg yfxf . kQf@ gf) [;+) kq] != kft kq . @= tf;, ulGhkmf cflbsf] rSsL k
QL . kQfO gf) [ kQfp - cfO)] kQfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > kQfOg c) lqm) != kftsf kdf k
l0ft xf]Og . s) lqm) @= kQfpg] xf]Og aQfOg . kQfpg c) lqm) [kft cfp g] != dgfn] k
tsf] k lng . @= kfth:tf] xnsf] eO{ otfplt p8\g nfUg aQfpg . kQftf]8kQftf]n gf) [
kQf tf]8] != a]lunf] sbfO . @= ;Os F R [ rf . #= eufO knfog . kQfn gf) [;+) kftfn
] x]) kftfn . klQ gf) [;+)] != k}bn lxF8g \ ] ofqL kbofqL . @= k}bn lxF8g \ ] l;kf
xL kbflt . #= of]4f jL . $= Ps y, Ps xfQL, tLg 3f]8f kfFr k}bn xg], ;]gfsf] ;aeGbf
;fgf] ljefu kL . kQL gf) [;+) kq O{] != sfuh, sk8f cflbsf] 6qmf kq . @= ;fgf] kft . #
= k"mnsf] kQf jf bn . $= tf;, ulGhkmf cflbsf] rSsL . %= bfx|L sf6\g] bj} lsgffdf
wf ePsf] kftnf] ;fwg An]8 . kQ gf) [;+) kq] ?lkofFk};f l;Ssf (tR5fy{df) kQ]f] lj)
Toff]] kToflnf] ljZjfl;nf] . kQf] gf) [kQf cf]] kQf ktf . kofO gf) [ kflQ - ofO)] k
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kofx6 gf) kTofO dTofO . kTy gf) [;) k|:t] != 9\uf] lznf
0f . @= xLf, o"F, kGgf cflb Tg . #= lkQ] y}nL jf d"qfzodf hDg] 9u \ fh:t} ;fx|f] j
:t kTyL . lj) $= s8f x[bosf] . ~ snfsfnf gf) != kfgf ;dosf] Ps k|sfsf] aGbs ksf{n
@= rsds kTy 3f]6] cfuf] lgsfnL af?b ;NsfP k8\sfpgkg]{ ;f]xL aGbs . ~ ss \ d  gf
gbL, vf]nf cflbsf lsgffdf x]sf 9u \ fsf cGtdf pd|g] af:gf cfpg], Ps k|sfsf] a6L z}
]o . ~ sf]Onf gf) k|f\ufoudf ;[li6 ePsf] 9\uf jf kTyh:tf] k|f\ufls OGwg afNg] sfd
pg] Ps k|sfsf] vlgh kbfy{ . > kTylnf] lj) kTy}kTy ePsf] rf}lt jf hldgdlg ;d]t 9\

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
727

kTy/Lklqsf k|ltlglw . ~ e\u gf) ojtLxsf ufnf, 5ftL, xftxdf rGbg, s:t"L cflbff agfO
t, nx/f, k"mn cflbsf] rgf . ~ d~h"iff gf) xnfsff cGoq k7fpgsf lglDt 7fpF7fpFdf flvPs
] lr7Lkq v;fNg] k]l6sf kqk]l6sf . ~ ldq gf) Pscsf]{af6 6f9f xgfn] ;fIffTsf geP tfkl
g kqJojxfff ldq xg OR5s jf ldq ePsf JolSt . ~ dbf | gf) Ps, kfFr, b;, ;o cflb ?l
kofFsf kdf rnfOg] (Aof\ssf dftxtaf6 5fkL hfL ulPsf]) sfuh cflbsf] dbf| sfuhL dbf|
gf]6 jf ljgf;t{ ?lkofF lbg]af]sf] k|dfl0ft n]vf]6 (k|ld;L gf]6) > kqd\ki kd\ gf) !
= dfGo hgnfO{ >4fk"js { lbOg] j:t ;fwf0f pkxf (ljgofy{df) . @= s;}nfO{ sg} sfd u]a
fkt jf s;}sf] dg fVgsf lglDt lbOg] yf]axt kfl>lds . ~ rgf gf) != x]) kqe\u . @= lr7L
cflb n]Vg] lqmof . ~ jNnL gf) x]) kqe\u . ~ jfrg gf) != lr7Lkq k9\g] sfd . @= ;dfrfkq
cflb k9\g] sfd . ~ jfxs gf) != kq jf lr7L kofpg] JolSt s;}n] s;}nfO{ k7fPsf] lr7L
;DalGwt JolStsxfF nlulbg] JolSt . @= kq jf KjfFv ePsf] hLj kIfL . #= KjfFv h8fg
ulPsf] xltof af0f . ~ ljts gf) aflxaf6 cfPsf lr7Lkq ;DalGwt JolQmsf xftdf kofpg] x
sf] sd{rfL xnsf/f xnfsL lkpg . ~ ljof]hs gf) xnfsdf hDdf ePsf ljleGg If]q jf 7fpFd
f k7fOPsf lr7LkqxnfO{ If]q, c~rn, lhNnf, ufpF cflbsf cfwfdf leGgleGg ju{df 5fpg] x
nfs jf 8fFsvfgfsf] sd{rfL (;l6{ Sns{) . Jojxf gf) k:kdf lr7Lkq cflbsf] cfbfgk|bfg
sfd lr7L n]vfn]v ug]{ lqmof . ~ lzf gf) af]6la?jfxsf kftsf] g;f] . ~ ;\Vof gf) kqsf]
zefudf n]lvg] l;nl;n]jf ;\st ] gDa k) ;+) . ~ ;~rf gf) Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf lr7Lkq
asfuh cflb cf];f/k;f/ ug]{ sfd . kqf\u gf) ftf] rGbg StrGbg . @= ef]hkq ehk { q . #
8\g] ktnL jf sLf]ljz]if . kqfrf gf) kqJojxf . kqfTds lj) != syfleqsf kfqxn] Ps csf{
u]sf kqJojxfff 36gfaf]w ufOPsf] . @= lr7L n]lvPem}F z}nLdf n]lvPsf] . kqfno gf) lr7L,
kf;{n, wgfb]z (dgL c8{) cflb aflx k7fpg], aflxaf6 cfP hDdf xg] k|fksxsf lhDdf lbg]
fL ;+:yf 8fFs3 xnfs kf]:6 clkm; . ~ kqfnfk gf) lr7Lkq cflbsf ;xfotfaf6 xg] ljrfsf]
bfgk|bfg . kqfjnL gf) != kqxsf] tfFtL jf rf . @= s;}n] k7fPsf lr7Lkqxsf] qmlds kdf ul
sf] ;\ux | . klqsf gf) [;+)] != lglZrt ;dodf k|sflzt xg] dfl;s, kflIfs, ;fKtflxs
cflb k|sfzg . @= ljleGg ljifodf n]lvPsf rgfxsf] ;\u|x ePsf] ;fdlos kl:tsf . #=

ePsf] ky|g ] 9u \ n ] f] 9U \ ofg] . kTyL gf) != 9\ufsf efF8fsF8f, yfn, lsfkL
cflb . @= vf; u/L d[uf}nf jf lkQy}nLdf kTyh:t} ;fx|f] agL j]bgf a9fpg] Ps vfnsf] f
]u . #= pQm f]uff hd]sf] kTy . { ljjfx u] NofOPsL :qL ljjflxtf kTgL gf) [;+)] ljlwk
qL :jf:gL efof{ . j|t gf) ljjflxtf :qLafx]s c :qLxsf ;fy ;xjf; gug]{ j|t :jgfLj|t
fO gf) [ kTofO - cfO)] kTofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kTofOg s) lqm) kTof ulg
Tofpg] sfd ulg . kTofpg ;) lqm) [;+) k|Tofog] != s;}sf] egfO jf sfdf ljZjf; dfGg
kTof ug{ ef];f ug{ . @= cn] eg]sf] sf ;fFrf] ;Demg xf] eGg] lgZro ug{ . kTofg g
[kft ofg] w]} kft jf kftL ePsf] 7fpF kftL3fL . kTof gf) [;+) k|Toosf] sYo) kt] klg .
;}sf egfOdf jf sg} ljifodf xg] ;Tok|tLlt ljZjf; . @= ef];f cf8 . #= lgZro kSsfkSsL
. ~ kq gf) JolQmsf] lrgfL ufpg] jf ljZjf; lbnfpg] kq klrokq . jfnf lj) dfyj kTof
kToflnf] lj) kTofnfUbf] ljZjfl;nf] . kq gf) [;+)] != af]6la?jfsf kft kQL bn . @= lr
. #= sfut . $= sg} ljifosf] k|fdfl0fs n]v n]lvPsf] sfut, wft, lznf cflbsf] kft
f] (bfgkq, tfd|kq, lznfkq cflb) %= ;dfrf cflb 5flkPsf] sfuh cvaf . ^= k:ts, sfkL c
flbsf] kftf] kfgf . &= af0fsf df]7df nufOg] KjfFv . *= Psdfly csf]{ xFb} x]sf] jf
flvPsf] tx vft . (= k"mnsf kQL jf bn . sf gf) ;dfrf, n]vrgf cflbsf] ;\sng, ;Dkfb
|sfzg ug]{ JolSt kq klqsfsf] sfd ug] { JolSt . sf ;\ 3 gf) kqsfxdWo]af6 lglZrt Jo
flgP a;]sf] ;\u7g jf ;ldlt . sfltf gf) != kqsfn] ug]{ sfd kqklqsf;DaGwL wGbf jf lqm
nfk . @= kqsfxsf] sfd, st{Jo, p2]Zo cflbsf] ljj]rg xg] ljBf . k6 gf) kft ufF; ] ag
fOPsf] vf]rL bg ;f]nL . ~ kik gf) != ;Tsf ubf{sf] jf k"hf ubf{sf] ;fdfGo ;fdu|L .
@= ftf] tn;L . #= kft k"mnsf] ;d"x . ~ k]l6sf gf) != xnfsdf k7fOg] lr7Lkq, kf]:
6sf8{ cflb v;fNg] afs; kqd~h"iff . @= aflxaf6 cfPsf lr7L, kqklqsf cflb 5f]8\gsf lg
ldQ sfof{no jf 3sf leQfdf 7f]lsPsf] jf 6fFl;Psf] ;fgf] k]6L . ~ k|ltlglw gf) xKtfd
f Ps k6s jf ;f]eGbf a9L k|sflzt xg] ;dfrfkqsf k|ltlglw jf ;+jfb;ldltsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

klqtfZdkbbfg lr7Lkq jf cGo sg} ljifosf] k|wfgtf ePsf] kq . $= lrgf l6kg . %= cflZ
jg zSn ;KtdLsf lbg buf{k"hfsf] pT;jsf lglDt leofOg] k"mnkftL . \ f] kq] rfg . klq
tfZd gf) [;+)] kq}kq ePsf] 9u kqL lj) [;+)] != kq ePsf] kQLbf . @= KjfFv ePsf] KjfFv
xg] . gf) #= lr7Lkq . $= ;fgf] jf 5f]6f] n]v . %= x]) klqsf . ^= lrgf hGdkq l6kg
. &= t]hkft . kq lj) [;+) kq] != sfd rnfpFbfrnfpFbf kfgf] ePsf] yf]qf] . @= 2L a]sD
f . gf) #= sfddf gcfpg] ePsf wftsf efF8fsF8f . kq] lj) [kq P] != kq ePsf] kqbf . @=
tx}tx ldn]sf] kq}kq k]sf] . ~ rfg gf) klqtfZd . ~ 8f7 gf) sf08;Fu hf]l8Psf] kftsf] e
u . ~ l;tff gf) 9'
u \ fdf kqkq k] 6lNsg] l;tffh:t} s0f af]S;L l;tff . kq}kq lj) [
kq ePsf] vft}vft vfk}vfk . ky! gf) [;+) kYo] != f]uL jf k]6 sdhf] ePsf dflg;n] vfg n
fossf] j:t' . @= xn'sf] :jf:Yos vfg]s'f . #= kfy]o . ky@ gf) [;+)] != af6f] dfu{ . @
= sfo{k4lt sfo{k|0ffnL . s gf) s'g} ;8s jf k'naf6 hfg]cfpg] dfn;fdfg Nofpg]n}hfg]
u]afkt nfUg] b:t . ufdL lj) != ky jf af6fdf lxF8g \ ] klys a6jf . @= cgofoL cg
L . rfL lj) af6f] lxF8\g] a6jf klys . ~ bz{s gf) af6f] b]vfpg] dflg; e]luof cuj
kyk|bz{s . ~ kx]h gf) f]uLn] ug]{, gug]{ jf vfg gxg] sf cflbsf] cgzf;g dv afg]{ s
fd . ~ k|bz{s gf) af6f] b]vfpg] jf sg} ljz]if sfdsf] lgb]z { g lbg] JolQm kybz{s d
fu{bz{s . ~ k|bz{g gf) af6f] b]vfpg] sfd sg} ljz]if sfdsfdf lbOg] jf ulg] lgb]z {
g. kyf gf) [kyff] != f]uLsf] la5f}gf f]uzof . @= f]uL ynf k]sf] cj:yf kyff . ky
) k|:t0f] != kTy jf rsnfdf d5]sf] kL7f] fv] a]Ngfn] a]Ng . @= lunf] uf]asf] uOF7f
jf 8Nnf kfg{ . #= gf}gL l3p xftdf pkmfb}{ df]xL lgyfg{ . $= wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf
hf kfgLdf rf]Kb} 9\ufdf ahf] df6f] lgyfg]{ sfd ug{ . kyf lj) [;+) k|:tf] != y]Krf
f r]K6f] . gf) @= gf}gL l3pnfO{ xftdf fv] pkmfb}{ dxL lgyfg]{ sfd . #= pv]lnPsf] w
fg, sf]bf] cflbsf aLpsf] hfdf cNe]msf] df6f] kfgLdf rf]e] ;fx|f] 7fpFdf 7f]St} df6
f] lgyfg]{ sfd . ky [ gf) != gf}gL3Lpaf6 dxL lgyfg]{ sfd . @= wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf
hfdf 6fFl;Psf] df6f] kfgLdf kvfNg] sfd . #= fd|L kfFHg] jf lkmFhfpg] lqmof .
728

kyff gf) [;+) k|:tf] != f]uL ;Tg] la5f}gf f]uzof . @= f]uzofdf x]sf] cj:yf f]
j:yf ynf k]sf] cj:yf . kyfO gf) [ kyfkyf - cfO)] != kyfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= ky
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kyflg s) lqm) kyfg]{ sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= kyf klg . klys g
) [;+)] af6f] lxF8\g] JolQm a6jf d;flkm . > klysf>d gf) != a6jfxnfO{ jf; a:gsf lgl
Dt agfOPsf] kf6L, kf}jf jf ;Qn . @= wd{zfnf cltlyu[x . kyL gf) [;+)] klys a6jf ofqL
. kYo gf) [;+)] != lafdLnfO{ vjfpg xg] xnsf lsl;dsf] vfgf ky . @= pkoSt Pj+ :j
f:Yos cfxf . lj) #= nfebfos u0fsfL :jf:Yos (cfxf) . > kYofkYo gf) f]uLn] vfg xg]
tyf lafdLnfO{ lxt ug]{ jf gug]{ rLh kYo ckYo cfxf . ky|g ] kYo|fg gf) [kTy Pgofg]
}  u \ f ePsf] hldg 9F8fg 9fF8 . kb gf) [;+)] != uf]8f] vf], kfp . @= kfOnf] sbd
Znf]ssf] r0f jf kfp . $= jfSodf Jojxf ug{ nfos jf Jojxf ulPsf zAbsf] sf]l6 . %= of]
Uotf, sfd jf dxjsf cfwfdf lglZrt ulPsf] bhf{ kbjL pkflw . ^= 7fpF :yfg . &= bfg ulg]
tf, hQf, nL, cf}F7L, sd08n, ksfpg] efF8f, tfdfsf] efF8f], hg}, b|Jo, ksfPsf] vf
g]sf], sfFrf] cGg, cf;g j:q oL t]x| yL j:tsf] ;d"x . kbs gf) [;+)] != k"hf ug{sf l
glDt agfOPsf r0fsf] k|ltd"lt{ k|ltdf . @= sg} fd|f] sfd u]afkt k:sf jf ;Ddfgsf kdf
Og] ;g, rfFbL, tfdf cflb wftsf] uf]n jf c cfsfsf] ljz]if 6qmf] tSdf (d]8n) . #=
j]bsf] kf7 ug]{ k|jL0f JolSt . kb rfk gf) [;+) kb k|f) rKk] kfOnf] fVtfsf] cf3ft kfOn
fsf] lrXg . kb lrXg gf) [;+)] k}tfnfsf] 8fd kfOnf] . kbR5]b gf) [;+)] jfSo jf jfSof
+zsf kbxnfO{ cnu cnu 5fpg] sfd . kb Rot lj) [;+)] cfgf] kbaf6 x6fOPsf] gf]sLaf6 x
f] . > kbRolt gf) kbaf6 x6fpg] sfd gf]sLaf6 lgsfNg] sfd vf];jf . kbtn gf) [;+)] !=
k}tfnf] . @= hQfsf] tnjf . kb Tofu gf) [;+)] cfgf] cf]xbf jf kbaf6 x6\g] sfd hflu
5f8\g] sfd fhLgfdf . kb blnt lj) [;+)] != vfn] slNrPsf] . @= uj{ r"0f{ kf] vfdf e
fOPsf] jf lgxfOPsf] . kbbfg gf) [;+)] d[tssf gfpFdf d]sf t]x|f}F lbgdf ulg]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
729

kbwf/LkbfO kb d}qL gf) [;+)] != ljifocg;fsf kbxsf] sg} n]v jf 5Gbdf ulg] of]hgf kbl
Gof; . @= jfSo jf 5Gbsf cflb, dWo cGtdf rdTsfk"0f{ kbxsf] of]hgf ug]{ sfd cgkf |;
. kb df]rg gf) [;+)] sg} kb jf st{Joaf6 56sff kfpg] sfd kb 5f8\g] jf 5f]8fpg] lqm
of vf];jf jf fhLgfdf . kb of]hgf gf) [;+)] != sg} n]v jf sljtfdf ljifocg;f efjjfx
L u0f ePsf zAbx fVg] sfd . @= uBrgfdf Jofs0fsf lgodcg;f kbxsf] ;+of]hg ug]{ sfd k
. kb nf]nk  lj) [;+)] bhf{ jf kb kfpgsf lglDt cToGt nf]e ug]{ kbsf] nf]eL cf]xbf
dvL . tf gf) kbnf]nk xgfsf] efj, lqmof jf l:ylt . kblj gf) [;+)] x]) kbjL bhf{ .
kb ljR5]b gf) [;+)] ;df; jf ;lGw ePsf kbxnfO{ cnucnu 5fpg] sfd . kb ljfd gf) [;+)]
jf kB;DaGwL jfSo :ki6 ufpg vf;vf; 7fpFdf xg] ljfd jf olt . ~ lrXg gf) kb, jfSof+z
jf r0fsf cGtdf lj>fd ulg] sf aemfpg k|of]u ulg] lrXg sdf ( , ) cNkljfd ( ) . kbj
[;+)] != sg} JolQmnfO{ of]Uotfcg;f ;sf jf cGo sg} ;+:yfaf6 lbOg] pRr kb jf ;Ddfl
gt pkflw . @= k|lti7f;"rs kb bhf{ cf]xbf . kb JofVof gf) [;+)] sg} kb jf zAbsf] e]
b, jrg, ln\u, k?if jfSodf To;sf] cGo zAbsf ;fydf x]sf] ;DaGw b]vfpg] sfd . kb lzI
ffyL{ lj) [;+)] gf]sL kfpg] cfzfn] sd tna jf ljgftnadf sfd l;Sg] JolSt l;sf? pDd]bj
f (ck|l] G6;) . kb ;\ult gf) [;+)] jfSodf Jofs0fsf lgodcg;f ln\u, jrg k?if;DaGwL
ldnfP fVg] sfd . kb ;\3ft gf) [;+)] != ;+lxtfdf 5lPsf kbx ldnfpg] sfd . @= 6Lsf Jof
. kb ;"rs lj) [;+)] kb hgfpg] kbsf] af]w ufpg] . ~ lrXg gf) fhf, dGqL c ;sfL k|d
fL jf clwsfLsf kbsf] 1fg ufpg] ljz]if lrXg (>Lk]r, emG8f, kf, laNnf, kuL, tf]8f, Aofh
cflb) . kb:yfkg gf) [;+)] != lnlvt kLIff tyf cGtjf{tf{df pQL0f{ eO{ sg} kbdf 5fl
gPsf pDd]bjfxnfO{ sg} lglZrt 7fpFdf sfd ug]{ uL axfnL ug]{ sfo{ (kf]l:6) . @= kbsf]
:yfkgf baGbL . kbfO gf) [ kfb\ - cfO)] kfb\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kbfOg s) lqm)
!= kfb\g nufOg kfb\g] kflg . @= xffaff v]nfOg . kbfpg k|) ] lqm) != kfb\g nufpg

5ftf, hQf, tfd|kq, nL, hg}, cf}F7L, sd08n, kfskfq, ksfPsf] cGg, sfFrf] cGg, wf]
tL, cf;g, b|Jo cflbsf] bfg . kbwfL lj) [;+)] != sg} kbdf x]sf] jf axfnL ePsf] sg}
bhf{ kfPsf] . gf) @= kbflwsfL sd{rfL . kb Gof; gf) [;+)] != vf fVg] sfd uf]8fn] 6]S
sfd . @= kfpsf] lrXg k}tfnfsf] 8fd kfOnf] . #= sg} n]v jf rgfdf pkoSt kb fVg] sfd k
bljGof; . kb k"s gf) [;+)] != sg} kbsf] lSt :yfg k"lt{ ug]{ sfd jf cj:yf . lj) @=
To:tf] kb k"f ug]{ kbk"lt{sf] sfd ug]{ (;\Vof, c\u cflb) . kb k"lt{ gf) [;+)] != vfnL
x]sf kb jf bhf{df gofF JolQm egf{ u] pSt kb k"f ug]{ sfd . @= kLIff cflbsf k|Zgdf tf
]lsPsf] sg} uBf+zleq vfnL x]sf 7fpFdf pkoSt kb xfn] jfSo k"f ug]{ sfd . ~ k|Zg gf)
aLraLrsf kbx vfnL 5f8] ;f] 7fpFdf kbk"lt{ ug{sf lglDt ;f]lwg] k|Zg . kbaGw gf) [;+)
] kb jf zAbxsf] ;d"x x]) kbfjnL . kblaL gf) [;+)] kfFrb]lv kGw| ;]lG6ld6;Dd nfdf 8Nn
b]lv efnfsf;Dd kft xg] a}hgL jf unfkmL efjsf k"mn kmNg] c08fsf ftf jf sfnf kmn km
Ng] Ps hftsf] nxf] . (cfoj]{bdf o;sf kftnfO{ kf}li6s atfOPsf] 5 ._ kb e]b gf) [;+
)] gfd, ;j{gfd cflb kbsf ljleGg k|sf zAbe]b kbsf]l6 . kbd gf) [;+) kb\d] != sdnsf] k
"mn kb\d . @= cftL :ofpFnLdf 6kLdf kL7f] lunf] kf] agfOg] sdnsf] af . rfnrfNg
{nfsf cfsfsf 7"nf kft, v}f kmn, xlof]df v}f kx]Fnf 6Lsf k]sf k"mn kx]Fnf] 7"nf] sG
g], n]sfnL h\undf kfOg] Ps a6L kb\drfl0fL . @= cfoj]{bdf chL0f{, clt;f tyf c?lr g
fz ug]{ xnsf] hnfkm xg] u0f atfOPsf] To;}sf] cldnf] 7"nf] sGb . ~ kis gf) t]x
|b]lv tL; ;]lG6ld6 cUnf], nfdf nfdf bfFtL k]sf kft xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg], 8Nnf
nfdf kmn kmNg], lxdfnL k|bz ] df xg] Ps hftsf] a6L . (cfojb {] df o;sf] hf] lk
Qgfzs lk;fa;DaGwL f]udf lxtsfL atfOPsf] 5 .) kb ldnfg gf) [;+) kb ldng] jfSodf pN6f]k
fN6f] k] x]sf kbxnfO{ 7Ls7Ls 7fpFdf ldnfpg] sfd kbGof; . ~ k|Zg gf) sg} jfSo jf uBf
f kbxnfO{ pN6f]kfN6f] kf] ljBfyL{xnfO{ jfSodf kbljGof;;DaGwL 1fg eP gePsf] hfFRgsf lg
lDt agfOg] k|Zg . kb dSt lj) [;+)] cfgf] kb jf :yfg 5f8]sf] jf To;af6 x6]sf] (Jol
St) . > kb dlSt gf) sg} kb jf bhf{af6 56fpg] sfd gf]sL vf]l;g] lqmof avf{:tuL vf];
j  f.

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kbfqmfGtkb\dfs/ kfb\g] kfg{ . ;) lqm) @= cfR5cfR5 v]nfpg dl:sn kfg{ . #= ;f:t

L lbg, si6 lbg . $= 8G8Llaof]sf v]ndf lhTg]n] xfg]{nfO{ ahL eGb} bf}8fpg v]b\g
. kbfqmfGt lj) [;+)] uf]8fn] slNrPsf] vfn] lylrPsf] kfpn] vFb]sf] kbblnt . kbf3ft
f) [;+)] nfQLn] xfGg] sfd kbk|xf nfQLn] esg]{ sfd nTofO . kbflt gf) [;+)] k}bn lxF8\
g] l;kfxL k}bn ;}lgs klQ . kbflwsf gf) [;+)] sg} kbdf x]sf clwsfLn] k|of]u ug{ kfpg]
clwsf clwsfLdf lglxt clwsf . > kbflwsfL lj) sg} kbdf x] jf lgoSt eP clwsfk"j{s
clwsfL cf]xbfbf . kbfGt gf) [;+)] != kbsf] clGtd efu . @= sg} Znf]s jf kBsf r0fsf] c
lGtd efu . kbf9 lj) [;+)] kbdf x]sf] kbf;Lg . kbfy{ gf) [;+)] != kb jf zAbsf] cy{ . @
= 1fg]lGb|on] hfGg ;lsg] sg} gfpF ePsf] j:t . #= sg} cfsf jf k ePsf] j:t, rLh
. $= pTvgg ubf{ kfOPsf 9\u|f], df6f], sf7, wft, xf8 cflb kftfljs j:t . ~ lj1fg g
f) ef}lts kbfy{ To;sf Jofkf Pj+ u0fsf] 1fg ufpg] ljBf ef}lts lj1fg . ~ ljBf gf) ljl
eGg kbfy{xsf] cWoog ulg] ljBf ef}lts ljBf . kbfk{0f gf) [;+)] != sg} 7fpFdf kfp fVg]
sfd kfOnf] xfNg] sfd . @= sxLF hfg] sfd udg . #= st}af6 cfpg] sfd cfudg . $= k|jz
] kxr F . kbfjlw gf) [;+)] sg} kbdf xL kbflwsfLn] sfd ug]{ jf sfd u] ef]Ug] vf; cj
w kbflwsfLsf] sfo{sfn . kbfjnL gf) [;+)] kbxsf] >]0fL jf ;d"x kbaGw . kbfjf; gf) [;+)
sg} kbdf x]sf ;sfL clwsfLsf] ;sfL lgjf;:yfg cfjf;u[x Sjf6{ . kbf;g gf) [;+)] f
kfp c8fpg] l;+xf;gdlg xg] ;fgf] vl6ofh:tf] j:t kfbkL7 . kbf;Lg lj) [;+)] sg} kb jf
bhf{df x]sf] cf]xbfbf kbf9 . kbfxt lj) [;+)] nfQLn] xflgPsf] kfbk|xf ulPsf] . kb
kfb\ pjf] w]} ckfgjfo 5f8\g] Hofbf kflbxg] . :qL) kbjL kbj} . kb]g lj) [;+)] != kbd
xGh]nsf] axfn eP;Ddsf] . @= kbsf x}l;otn] jf kbsf ;DaGwaf6 pknAw jf lgoSt . kbf
]Gglt gf) [;+)] sd{rfLxsf] eOx]sf] bhf{af6 dflyNnf] bhf{df j[l4 xg] sfd kbj[l4 k|df]
g a9jf . kbf} ] kb\b  lj) [kfb cf} ] pm] != w]} kflbxg] kbjf kwf] . @= a]sDd
R5 . #= nf5L .
730

k4lt gf) [;+)] != af6f] dfu{ . @= sg} sfd ug]{ l;nl;n]jf lgod sfo{k|0ffnL . #= sfo{
ljlw . $= tlsf Lt ljfh klkf6L . %= sg} sd{ jf ;+:sfsf] ljlwljwfg n]lvPsf] k:ts .
lj) x]) kb\b . kb\d gf) [;+)] != sdnsf] k"mn . @= sdnsf] af]6 . #= ;fdlb|s zf:
qcg;f xTs]nf jf k}tfnfdf xg] ;f}efUo;"rs lrXg . $= sdnsf cfsfsf] lji0fsf] Ps xl
tof . %= sa]sf gf} vhfgfdWo] Ps vhfgfsf] gfd . ^= xfQLsf] ;F8 jf ufnfdf agfOg] l
rq . &= ci6 gfudWo] Ps . *= c7f kf0fdWo] Ps . (= Ps k|sfsf] of]uf;g . !)= ul0ftdf
!,)),)),)),)),)),)),))) sf] ;\Vof . !!= jf:t jf d"lt{df k|of]u xg] c\unsf] bO{
ugfafasf] gfk snf Pj+ sf]nsafasf] gfk dfqfsf] bO{ ugfafasf] gfk clIf Pj+ clZjg
fk . sGb gf) sdnsf] hf . ~ sl0f{sf gf) sdnsf k"mnsf aLrsf] uf] sdnsf] aLhsf]if .
7 gf) k}oF . ~ s]z gf) sdnsf k"mnleq xg] ;uGwL w"nf] kb\dsl0f{sf . rfl0fL gf) !=
drfNg . @= zdL . #= ;okqLsf] k"mn . h gf) a|Xdf . hf gf) nIdL (b]jL) . ~ tGt gf)
sdnsf gfnleqsf] dl;gf] wfuf] d[0ffn . gfe gf) != gfleaf6 sdn pld|Psf lji0f . @= z
qn] k|xf u]sf] c:q f]Sg] dGq . lglw gf) sa ] sf gf}j6f vfgLdWo] Ps k . g]q lj
"mnsf kQLh:t} cfFvf xg] sdnkqfIf . kfl0f lj) != sdn xftdf lng] . gf) @= lji0f .
#= a|Xdf . $= uf}td a4sf] Ps ljz]if lsl;dsf] d"lt{ . %= nf]sZ ] j, af]lw;j cflbsf
] ljz]if dbf | . ^= cletfe a4sf 5f]f Ps af]lw;j k~r af]lw;jdWo] Ps . ~ kf0f gf) c7
dxfkf0fdWo] Ps . aGw gf) sdnsf k"mnsf] cfsf kfL cIfx n]lvPsf] Ps lrqsfJo . aGw
sdnsf ldq ;dfg ePsf ;"o{ . @= sdn;Fu Hofb} lxt}liftf fVg] edf] . ~ aLh gf) sdnsf]
uf sdnsf] aLh . fu gf) Ps lsl;dsf] axd"No ftf] dl0f dfl0fs . ~ ]vf gf) ;fdlb|s
;f xTs]nfdf xg] sdnsf cfsfsf] ;f}efUo;"rs ]vf . ~ nf]rg gf) sdnsf bnsf cfsfh:tf cfFv
f xg] kb\dg]q (lji0f) . jLh gf) sdnuf . ;Dej gf) != clt;fgfds af}4 leIfeGbf klxn
eftaf6 g]kfn eO{ ltAat uP af}4wd{sf] pkb]z ug]{ Ps k|l;4 leIf . @= a|Xdf . kb\df
gf) [;+)] != nIdL . @= dg;fb]jLsf] Ps gfd . #= Njf . $= ;okqL . kb\dfs gf) [;+)] !=
sdn kmNg] kf]vL jf tnfp sdnkf]vL . @= sdnsf] ;d"x .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
731

kb\dfIfkGr]g nfdf kgfltg] lj) [kgfltgL P] kgflt jf kgfltgLl;t ;DaGw ePsf] . ~ hjfOHjf
O gf) kgfltgLsf] nf]Ug] jf klt . ~ a'xfL gf) kgfltsL :jf:gL jf kTgL . kgfnL gf) [;+)
k|0ffnL] kfgL aUg] gn s'nf] 9n . kgfnf] gf) [;+) k|0ffn] 7"nf] cfsfsf] kgfnL . klg lq
m) lj) [;+) k'gM > k0fO] ;d]t ;lxt nufot . klgp gf) ;dfTg]lt 8f]nf] jf r]K6f] ePsf] c
g cufl8kl r]K6f] kmflsnf] x]sf], eft cflb rnfpg] jf k:sg] bflanf]h:tf] ;fwg kGo"F .
klg gf) [kmf) kgL] != b"w km6fPsf] 5f]qmf 5]gf . @= kfgL lgrf]lPsf] bxL . kg] gf) [;
k0f{t?] != nfDrf 7"nf kft, kx]Fnf] k"mn uf]nf kmn kmNg] ;fgf] Ps hftsf] sfF8fbf a
f]6 . @= To;}sf] kmn . kg]? gf) [;+) k0f{t?] bfFtL k]sf kft x'g] cfn'av8fhqf] Ps h
ftsf] gLnf] kmn . kg] gf) a|fXd0f hfltsf] Ps y/ . kg]f]! gf) [kt]f]] x]) kFw]f] . kg]
@ gf) [;+) kfgLou[x] kFw ] f] s'jf . > kg]gL{ gf) kg]fdf kfgL lng hfg] cfOdfO{ kFwg ]
L{ . kg]nf gf) [c
\) nfg]n] uf9f sfnf] 6Nsg] Ps hftsf] sk8f kmnfl6g . kg]nf] lj) [kfg
nf]] x]) kGofnf] tn . kgf}tL gf) afx|a;]{ d]nf nfUg] sfe|] lhNnfsf] Ps 7fpF . kgf}
t f] lj) [kfgLcf} t f] ] ;w} F kfgL nfluxg] kfgL k'Ug] (hUuf) . kgf}gL gf) [;+) k|f
Kt > kfpcf}gL] xfPsf] j:t' e]fPafkt lbOg] Ogfd . kGr gf) [c
\)] 5fnf, sfuh cflbdf ;fgf
] af6'nf] Kjfn kfg]{ ;fwg jf ;fdfg . kGr6kGr gf) [c
\) k
\Sr] != es'G8f], df]6, ;fOsn
bdf xfjf elPsf] 7fpFdf Kjfn kL xfjf l5g]{ sfo{, a cflbsf] 6'aaf6 Kjfn kbf{ x'g,] elf
f] xfjfsf] pDsfO . lj) @= To;L xfjf aflxlg uO{ a]sDdf ePsf] . #= 2L yf]qf] . kGrfGgA
a] gf) [;+) k~rgjlt] != kfFr gAa]sf of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;
\Vof rf}fGgAa]kl5sf] ;
\Vof . lj)
@= gAa] kfFrsf of]usf] . > kGrfGgAa]cf} kGrfgAa]of} u0fgfsf qmdn] kGrfGgAa] ;
\Vofd
kg]{ kGrfGgAa] ;
\Vofsf] . kGrfnL gf) [;+) k~rjln] x]) k~rjln . kGr] lj) [;+) k~rP] b
'gf]6df kfFr bf]a kfFr u'gf . gf) @= k~rnfO{ ufnL ug]{ zAb . kGr]g nfdf gf) [ef]) a
)] ltAatsf] tf;Ln'Dkf] gfpF ePsf

kb\dfIf gf) [;+)] != sdnuf sdnaLh . @= lji0f' . #= ;"o{ . lj) $= sdnsf bnsf] afGsLs
f cfFvf x'g] sdng]q . kb\df;g gf) [;+)] != b'j} k}tfnf lt3|fdfly kg]{ uL kn]6 F L d
f]sf] cf;g Ps k|sfsf] of]uf;g . @= a|Xdf . kb\ldgL gf) [;+)] != sdlngL . @= sdn k'mn
]sf] kf]vL jf tnfp . #= nIdL . $= sfdzf:qcg';f rf sf]l6sL :qL clt sf]dnf
\uL, ;'zLnf,
jtL kltj|tf :qL . kB gf) [;+)] != kb cyf{t\ lgot dfqf, u0f cflbsf lgodcg';f k|:t't
x'g] ;flxlTos rgf 5Gbf]do rgf . @= ljleGg k|jfx jf r0fdf ljeflht pko'S { t lsl;dsf]
u]ofTds s[lt sfJo . lj) #= kb;DaGwL zAb;DaGwL . do lj) != kBdf n]lvPsf] 5Gbf]a4 . k
BfTds lj) [;+)] kBdf n]lvPsf] kBk|wfg ePsf] kBdo . tf gf) kBfTds x'gfsf] efj, lqmof
jf l:ylt . kwf\g c) lqm) [;+) kfbwf0f] kfp nfUg cfudg xg kbfk{0f ug{ kfNg . >
O gf) kfpnufO kbfk{0f . kwffOg s) lqm) kfp nfUg] tNofOg . kwffpg k|) ] lqm) kfp n
Ug] tNofpg . kwfofO gf) kwflg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kwf] lj) [kb\w" pf]] kbjf kb\b
w]f] gf) [;+) kqsL6] != kftdf nfUg], k6k6 zAb lgsfNg] 7:; ugfpg] Ps hftsf] bu{GwL
sLf] kt]f] . @= sjf kFw ] f] . kwf} ] lj) [kbf}] ] kbjf kbf}] . kg! k|To) [;+
jfrs gfdzAb agfpgsf lglDt u0fjfrs jf hfltjfrs zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;g] Ps k|Too kgf .
(h:t} fd|f]kg, a"9f]kg, e]8f]kg O)) . kg@ gf) [;+) k|0f] kIfkft kgkR5] . kg8Aaf gf)
[kfgL 8a\ cf] kfgLleq ns] xg] sg} dflg; kfgLsf 5]p5fpdf uPdf tfg] 8afpF5 egL nf]s
] kTofPsf] Ps k|sfsf] kfgLe"t . > kg8AaL gf) kfgLleqleq} rNg] Ps k|sfsf] hxfg ;jd]l
/g . kgkIf gf) [kg kIf] ljj]s jf Gofosf] ljrf guL s;}sf] kIf lng] sfd cf]8 kgkR5] kIf
. > kgkIfL lj) kgkIf ug]{ kIfkftL . kgkR5] gf) [kg kR5]] kIfkft kgkIf . kglahnL gf)
kfgL lahnL] hnk|jfxsf] j}1flgs 9\un] ulPsf] k|of]uaf6 pTkGg xg] ljBt\zlSt jf lah
nL . kgf k|To) [kg cf] != kg (ftf]kgf lhpFbf]kgf O)) . gf) @= ljz]iftf u0f afgf . kgf
t gf) [;+) k|gKt[] gflt jf gfltgLsf] 5f]f] 5f]f jf 5f]Lsf] gflt . > kgfltgL gf) gflt
f gfltgLsL 5f]L 5f]f jf 5f]/LsL gfltgL .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kGr] df6f]kG;fpg uDafsf k|wfg wd{u?  tf;Lnfdf . kGr] df6f] gf) kfgL gl5g]{ vfnsf
], kx]Fnf] lsl;dsf] df6f] . kGr} lj) [;+) k~r P]] x]) kGr] . ~ afhf gf) bdfO{,+ s:n
] cflbn] ahfpg] ;gO{, 6fDsf], bdfxf, ofD6f, 9f]nsL afhf g]kfnL ;+:s[ltcg;f ze sfo{
df ahfOg] pSt kfFr k|sfsf afhf . kGrf}nL lj) [;+) kGr g]) cf}nL] k~rfotL . ~ ;ef gf)
k~rfotL ;ef . kG5g c) lqm) [kG;g] h:jnf xg g5g] xg k ;g{ 6lqmg . > kG5fO g
5g] jf kG5fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . kG5fOg s) lqm) kG5fpg] sfd ulg k ;flg . kG5fpg ;) l
m)k|]) lqm) k ;fg{ x]) kG;fpg . klG5g! c)lqm) [klG; g] x]) dlG;g . klG5g@ c)lq
G5g] != k ;g{ 5lg . @= cnu xg x6\g 6f9f kUg . #= 6g{ . $= kG5g . kG5L gf)
) kIfL] kv]6f xg], cfsfzdf p8\g] cG8faf6 aRrf kfg]{ k|f0fL rf] kIfL k\vL bf]kfof .
5fO gf) [ klG5 - cfO)] != klG5g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= dlG;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] kG5fx6 gf) kG5fO . kGhf gf) [kmf) kGh, ;+) k~r cf] != xft jf uf]8fsf kfFr cf}Fnfsf]
;d"x . @= kfFr cf}Fnf;lxtsf] xTs]nf] na6f] kf}Fhf . #= tf; jf ulGhkmfsf] kfFr kmLs
f] kQL . $= kfFr, gf} Ps sf}8f 7f8f xFbf kg]{ hjfsf] v]nsf] Ps bfp . %= kf;fsf
] v]ndf bO{ kf;fdf bjfbjf Ps kf;fdf kf]6 kbf{ xg] Ps bfp . ^= un}Frf aGbf tf
gsf] tgf]6 agf]6sf] wfuf] ldNffpg 7f]lsg] ;fwg . &= kfFr cf}n F fnufot xTs]nfb]
lv dl0faGw;Dd jf To;eGbf s]xL dfly;Dd nufOg] ;"tL, pmgL, Knfl:6s, 5fnf cflbsf] v
f]n . ~ 5fk gf) kfFr cf}Fnfsf] ;fd"lxs 5fk . ~ kq gf) /fhfaf6 afxnLff l;Fb sf] 5fk
fO{ aS; ePsf] P]g, ;afn, ;gb cflb . kGhfa gf) [kmf) k~hfa < ;+) k~rfk] eftsf] pQ klZ
rdL efudf kg]{ eft kfls:tfgdf ljeflht ePsf] Ps k|bz ] . kGhfaL lj) [kGhfa O{] != kGh
fa k|fGtsf] kGhfa;DaGwL . @= kGhfadf ag]sf], ePsf] jf x]sf] . gf) #= kGhfasf] efif
f jf lgjf;L . $= aLrdf ;f7f] xfnL kq}kq tyf lr}lrf kf] l3pdf ksfOPsf], d}bfsf kL7fsf
] Ps k|sfsf] f]6L . ~ syf{ gf) cf, sDd cflb lrl6Ss ldNg] uL tof ulPsf] hgfgf syf{
;6 gf) nfdf] ;nQ k]sf] syf{ ;?jfnsf] hfF3 7"nf] xg], df]xf]tfdf vLk fv] agfOg]
hf]8L kf];fs . ~ ;?jfn gf) sDddf OFhf afFlwg], hfF3 vsnf] xg], df]xf]tf ;fF3f]
kfL snn] afSn} tu] l;OPsf]
732

;?jfn . kGh gf) [kGhf pm] bO{ bjf Pp6fdf kf]6 cfpFbf kg]{ kf;fsf] v]nsf] Ps bfp
. kG8 gf) [;+) kf08] kfgsf cfsfsf kft xg], e]6\gflt ufh:tf] xg,] ;]tf k"mn kmNg]
sfnf ;fgf kmn kmNg], ftf wsf{ ePsf] xlof] 8fF7 xg], Ps hftsf] nxf] To;}sf] k"mn . (
cfoj]{bdf o;sf] u0f vl6f gfz ug]{ cfFvfsf] lxt ug]{ egL n]lvPsf] 5 ) . kGtf] gf)
[kQf] < ;+) kq] ;fgf]ltgf] s6  f] kf]sf] kGtf] . kGy gf) [;+) kGyf] != af6f] dfu
@= sg} ljrf jf bz{gsf] ;Dk|bfo wd{ . #= sg} lsl;dsf] ljrf jf bz{gsf] dt l;4fGt .
> kGyL lj) != af6f] lxF8\g] ofqL a6jf . gf) @= sg} ;Dk|bfosf] cgofoL . #= Ps g]k
fnL y . kGw| gf) [;+) k~rbz] sYo) kGb| klg . != b; kfFrsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof rf}wkl
5 cfpg] ;\Vof !%sf] c\s . lj) @= b; kfFrsf of]u;\Vofsf] uGtLsf qmddf rf}wkl5 cfpg]
kf]n gf) kf}g] Ps la;f}nL . > kGw|f } lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] rf}wkl5sf] ;
\Vofdf kg]{ kGw|
;
\Vofsf] . kGgf! lj) [;+) k|f1 > k|f) k~f] ljifoj:t'df cToGt lgk'0f w]} hfGg] l;kfn
' . kGgf@ gf) [k|f) k00f < ;) k0f{] != k':ts, sfkL cflbsf] kfgf kftf] . @= xlof] jf
gLnf]
sf] Ps hftsf] ax'd"No Tg gLndl0f rGb|dl0f . kGofO gf) [ kGofp -cfO)] kGofpg]
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kGofOg' s) lqm) kGofpg] sfd ulg' v]tdf kfgL nufOg' . kGofOnf] l
j) kfgLsf] sdL gePsf] (v]t cflb) . kGofpg ;) lqm) [kfgL ofp g] v]tdf kfgL nufpg afnL
gfnLdf kfgL k6fpg l;FrfO ug{ . kGofnf] lj) [kfgL cfnf]] != sg} tn kbfy{ kfgLh:tf]
kftnf] ag]sf] kfgLem}F kftnf] kg]nf] tn . @= leq kfgL ePsf] kfgLs} h:tf] :jfb xg] (
sfFqmf], kfgLcdnf cflbh:tf]) . kGo F gf) [ klgpF] eft rnfOg] jf kl:sg], bflanfsf
5fF6sf] k|foM wftsf] ;fwg klgpF . kG;fO gf) [ kG;fp - cfO)] kG;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|
lqmof kG5fO . [ > ] kG;fOg s) lqm) kG;fpg] sfd ulg sg} j:tnfO{ jaf6 k ;flg . kG
 ;) lqm) [;+) k| g;\ cfp g] != sg} j:tnfO{ k ;fg{ x6fpg kG5fpg . @= sg} j:tnfO
nu fVg 5fpg . #= dg gk]sf JolSt jf ljifonfO{ cfk"maf6 cnu ug{ x6fpg kG5fpg . $
]jtf, e"tk|]t cflbsf lglDt s]xL j:t k ;fg{ 5fP fVg . > klG;g c) lqm) != cnUu a:
;g{ 5lg . @= x6\g 6f9f hfg jf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
733

kk/LkIf]q k|z:t dfqfdf b"w cfpg] ufO{ bxg" ufO{ . kof] gf) 8f]Lsf] a6flPsf] cfF7f]
]Lsf bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L a6flPsf cfF7fdWo] Ps kf]of] . kof]w gf) [;+)] != kfgL wf0f
g]{ jf af]Sg] kbfy{ d]3 . @= b"w wf0f ug]{ jf xg] c\u :tg kmfFrf] . kof]wfkof]lwkof
gf) [;+)] != ;db| . @= afbn . kof]jt | gf) [;+)] pQd ;Gtfg k}bf xf];\ egL dlxgf
lbg;Dd b"w dfq vfP lnOg] Ps lsl;dsf] j|t . k\g c) lqm) [;+) ktg] != v:g emg{ lug{
. @= cfOnfUg . #= ;+oQm xg ldNg . $= cfjZos xg h?t xg . %= aNg, ;Nsg . ^
= ;+of]u xg h?t xg . &= 7Ls7fs xg tof xg . *= sg} sfd ug]{ l:ylt xg . kMk
; + f gf) [;+)] cfgf kltb]lv c;Gti6 eP kk?if;Fu zfLls ;DaGw fVg] cfOdfO{ . kMZj
) [;+)] kl;{ ef]lnsf] ef]ln jf lgkl;{sf] lxhf] . k k") ;) [;+)] != zAbsf] cfDedf hf]
l8P cfk"mb]lv leGg, kfO{, csf{sf], kl5sf] cflb hgfpg] k"j{;u{ (kb]z, ktGq, knf]s O))
. k) ;) @= zAbsf cGtdf nfu] lgdUg, tNnLg, pBt cflb cy{ a e mfpg] Ps k|Too (:jfy{
k, tTk O)) . lj) #= kfO{ csf]{ leGg . lqm) lj) $= 6f9f b" . ks k) ;) [;+)] zAbsf c
Fl;O{ kl5 nfu], ;DalGwt cflb cy{ aemfpg] Ps k|Too (h:t} al4ks, efjks, j:tks O)) .
ksDk gf) [;+)] 7"nf] e"sDk eO;s]kl5 k]mlk]ml xg] ;;fgf sDk . ksfo k|jz ] gf) [;+)]
of]uanff csf{sf] d[t zLdf cfgf] cfTdfsf] k|j]z ufpg] sfd jf ;fwg . @= d]sf dfG5]nfO
fgf] cfTdf lbP arfpg] cfk"m dg]{ of}lus ljlw . ksLo lj) [;+)] csf{;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] c
sf] cGo hgsf] kfO{sf] . > ksLof gf) != uKt tan] kk?ifl;t k|]d ug]{ gflosf gf6zf:
flosfsf dVo bO{ e]bdWo] Ps . @= csf{sL kTgL k:qL kgfL . ksf] lj) [k sf]] 6f9fsf]
f ;DaGw gnfUg] . :qL) ksL . kSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ks s] != sg} j:t lgdf]l7g] uL a6f]
= k|f0fL cflbsf] dG6f] a6flg] lsl;dn] . #= t]n, l3p cflbdf tsfL cflb e6\tfsf] cfj
fh lgSng] uL . $= rfd|f] j:t (pv, ds}sf] 9f]8 cflb) efFlrg] jf efFRg] lsl;dn] .
kIf]q gf) [;+)] != kfO{sf] jf csf{sf] zL . @= csf{sf]

kUg . #= 6] hfg 6g{ klG5g . $= kG;fpg] sfd xg kG;fO dfUg . kG:ofO gf) klG;g]
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kG:ofx6 gf) kG5fO . kkL gf) [tn) kmf) kL  kv]6fjfnL] rd]f] (
L) . kklng gf) [c\)] s6g l;Ns;d]t ld;L tof ulPsf] Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . klktf gf) [;+)
t] cFl8sf h:tf kft xg,] k|foM xfFuflaFuf gxg,] kx]n F f] k"mn kmNg], e]6g \ fl
t ljz]if 8Nnf] kms]sf] xb F } 6Kkflt s]xL kftnf] xg] nfDrf efjsf 7"nf kmn 6Kk
fg]} emlQg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;} af]6sf] kmn kfs]kl5 ubL kx]Fnf] sf] ulnof] :jfbsf
] xg] leq sfnf laofF xg] kmn d]jf kljtf . (o;sf kmnnfO{ zlStjw{s kfrgzLn dflgPsf
] 5 .) kmf]6 { gf) d]jfsf] kmnaf6 tof, Ps kfrgsfL cf}ifwL . kKkL gf) kftxdf sfF8}sfF
f xg] Ps hftsf] la?jf . kKn gf) [c\)] != tLg hf] tf; ldnfP dL jf ;fOl6sf 9fFrfn] v]
ng] Ps k|sfsf] tf;v]n . @= ;f] v]ndf hf]s klN6Ps} sf] dflyNnf] bf];|f] kQL . klatf]kl
Qf] lj) x]) klutf] . klAns gf) [c\)] != ;j{;fwf0f dflg; hgtf k|hf . lj) @= hgtf;DaGwL
gtfsf] . ~ sDkgL gf) sDkgL sfggcg;f rn]sf], hgtfdf g} :jfldTj x]sf] ;+:yf . ~ sDkg
L lnld6]8 gf) sDkgL sfggcg;f rn]sf], hg;d"xdf g} To;sf] :jfldTj x]sf] Joj;fod"ns
;+:yf . ~ ;le{; sld;g gf) nf]s;]jf cfof]u . kDk gf) [c\)] != kfgLsf] gfnf kfOk . @=
;fOlsn, df]6 cflbsf 6adf xfjf eg]{ ;fwg . #= kfgL jf 3f]lnPsf] tn kbfy{ r; ] ofFS
jf 5fKg] ;fwg krsf lkRsfL . $= lkmQf afFWg gkg]{ Ps 5fF6sf] vnf xnsf hQf . ;]6
xf]rf] 7fpFdf ePsf] jf eO{Fleqsf] kfgLnfO{ cUnf] 7fpFdf tfGgkbf{ k|of]u ulg] o
Gq l;FrfOsf nflu k|of]udf NofOg] bdsn . kDkf; gf) [c\)] blIf0f cd]lsfdf x]sf] ch]l{ G
6gf fHosf] ;dzLtf]i0f t[0fe"ld 3fF;] d}bfg . kDk gf) [kDk p] x]) kDk (xfjf eg]{ ;fwg
) . kDkmf gf) [;+) kDkf] != dl;gf] ejf sdnf] kq xg] Ps hftsf] n]sfnL k"mn . lj)
@= ;Gbtfsf] cledfg ePsL (:qL) #= ;fgf]ltgf] sfdf klg bMv dfGg] lkGr] . ko gf) [;
+)] != b"w . @= kfgL . ko7 gf) [k|f) ko < ;+) kb:y] != sg} ux|fF} j:tsf lglDt lb
Og] e cf8 ;xff k}7 . @= 7]Ng] sfd k]nfO . ko gf) [ k|f) ko8 < ;+) kb6] kfp uf]8f]
l:jgL gf) [;+)] != lgGt kfgL aluxg] gbL . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kvkkfpg hUufhldg . #= csf{sL :jf:gL k:qL . kv gf) [ kLSv0f < ;+) kLIf0f] sg} j:
u0fbf]if, fd|f]gfd|f] cflb x]g]{, hfFRg] jf ku]{Ng] sfd kLIff kfv . > klvof gf) ;
] qmflGtk"j{ tfO{sf dfnc8\8fsf] gf}l;GbfeGbf tnsf] clg n]vgbf;eGbf dflysf] sd{rfL
. kuGgf gf) [kmf) ku{g] k|zf;sLo b[li6n] w]} df}hf ldnfP ag]sf] Onfsf e"ldk|zf;g nfu"
xge  Gbf klxn] tfO{sf df}h,] tKkfnfO{ lbOPsf] ;+1f k|uGgf . ku]n\g ;) lqm) [;+) k
lu|x0f] != ldl;Psf] jf 5f;ld; ePsf w]} j:tsf] ;d"xaf6 k|To]s j:t cnucnu 5fpg 5fGg
. @= s]nfpg cgfjZos j:tnfO{ ofFSg] cfjZos j:tnfO{ fVg] sfd ug{ . #= gfpF sf9] a
f]nfpg gfpF ls6\g . > ku]nfO gf) ku]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ku]nfOg s) lqm) ku]Ng
g . ku]nfpg k|) ] lqm) ku]Ng nfpg . ku]nfx6 gf) ku]Ng] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . k
lng s) lqm) ku]Ng] sfd ulg . krqm gf) [;+)] != zqsf] fi6 jf ;]gf . @= zqsf] cfqm
. #= zqsf] s"6g}lts rfn . > krqmL lj) != csf]{ kfO{ . gf) @= cfkmGtb]lv cltlSt JolQ
m kfO{ dflg; . kR5Gb lj) [;+)] csf{sf cwLgdf x]sf] kfwLg ktGq . > kR5GbfgjtL{ l
R5fcg;f sfd ug]{ csf{sf] O;ffdf gfRg] kfwLg kdv . khft lj) [;+)] != csf{af6 pTkG
cGoh . @= csf]{ff kflnPsf] . gf) #= gf]s sdff] . $= sf]OnL . %= em8\s]nf] ;Gtfg If]qh
. khLjL lj) [;+)] != csf edf afFRg] csf{sf cf>odf x]sf] . @= cfgf] :jtGq hf gxg] (
a]nL) eP klg c j[Ifsf] af]qmfaf6 ; r;L afFRg] (;gfvL cflbem}F jg:klt) . ~ sL6f0f
gf) cGo k|f0fLsf] zLsf] ut cflb r;] afFRg] hd|f, rdhd|f, hsf, lsgf{ cflbh:tf sL6
f0f . k~r cJo) [;+)] != c klg k]ml klg cem klg . @= t klg tfklg . k~ho lj) [;+)]
O{ lhTg] zqnfO{ xfpg] . gf) @= j?0f . ktM lqm) lj) [;+)] !=csf{l;taf6 csf{af6 caf6
= zqaf6 . #= eljiodf kl5 . kt gf) [;+) kq] k[YjLsf] aflxL vFlbnf] tx e"tn . ktGq lj
;+)] csf{sf cwLgdf x]sf] :jtGq xg gkfPsf] kfwLg . klt lqm) lj) [k lt] sYo) klNt
] ljkLtkl ptflt Totflt . @= 6f9f cnUu .
734

kq lqm)lj) [;+)] != csf{ 7fpFdf cGo :yfgdf cGoq . @=knf]sdf bf];|f] slNkt nf]sdf . #=
kl5 eljiodf . gf) $= knf]s kgh{Gd . kyg gf) [kyf cg] f]6L a]Nbf nufpg] kmsf] kL7f]
gf) [;+)] csf{sL :qL kfO{ :jf:gLdfG5] k:qL . > kbfL lj) k:qL;Fu udg ug]{ JolerfL
jtf gf) [;+)] != kdfTdf ka|Xd . @= ljhfltsf] b]ptf . kb]z gf) [;+)] != cfgf] b]zb]lv
Gg b]z csf{sf] b]z ljb]z . @= zqsf] b]z . #= cfk"m a;]sf 7fpFb]lv 6f9fsf] 7fpF b" b
]z . ~ ;]jf kbs gf) @)@) ;fn kf}if !! ut] ;+:yflkt, ;+oSt fi6;\3sf cfXjfgdf jf ldqfi
6sf] ;xfotfy{ kb]zdf uP ;}lgs ;]jf ug]{ g]kfnL ;}lgsnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps fli6o
kbs . > kb]zL lj) != kb]zdf xg] kb]zsf] . @= csf{sf b]zdf xg] ljb]zdf a:g] ljb]zL
;df xg] k|jf;L . gf) $= kb]zaf6 kms]{ cfPsf] JolSt . kb|fx ] gf) [;+)] csf] l; ug]
csf{;Fusf] j}efj . > kb|fx ] L lj) csf] l; ug]{ csf{;Fu j}efj fVg] . kwg gf) [;+)
wg kfO{sf] ;DklQ . kwd{ gf) [;+)] cfk"mn] dflgcfPb]lv leGg wd{ csf{sf] wd{ Otwd{, c
wd{ . kwfd gf) [;+)] != j}s07 . @= kd]Zj . #= lji0f . kGt ;+of]) [;+)] != klxnf] s
gsf] ljf]w b;f{pg] ;DaGwdf cfpg] ;+of]hs t lsGt . gf) @= cGt . #= cflvsf] ;do clGtd
do . kkIf gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] cf]8 jf kIf ljf]wL kIf . @= ljf]wL dt ljf]wL kIfsf] d
u|fxL lj) != cfgf] bn jf kIf 5f8] bf];|f] bn jf kIf u|x0f ug]{ . gf) @= cfgf] ljZjf
; jf l;4fGt Tofu] csf{sf] ljrf jf l;4fGt u|x0f ug]{ JolSt . kkhgL gf) [(l)) khgL] khg
L ;f];u F ;DalGwt ;?jf, a9jf, vf];jf cflb sfafO{ kgu{7g . kk lqm) lj) [c) d") k\
)] != vflPsf t]n jf l3pdf tsfL cflb e6\bf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= wdfwd lgdf]7\g] j
f a6fg]{ uL . #= laFul7g] rfn;Fu . $= l6d cflb vfFbf lha|fdf xnsf] kL8f xg] lsl
;dn] . gf) %= To:tf] zAb jf kL8f . > kktL lqm) lj) cem} kk xg] uL . kkfO gf) kk
xg] jf kk kL8fsf] cgej xg] lqmofk|lqmof . kkfOg s) lqm) != kktL a6flg . @= k
 . c) lqm) #= kk kL8fsf] cgej xf]Og . kkfpg ;) lqm) != kktL e6g \  jf a6fg{ .
lqm)

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
735

kkfu0fkdfgGb ;a}eGbf 7"nf] jf ;fgf] clt w]} jf sd . ~ ult gf) nf]sljZjf;cg;f d]kl
;aeGbf pRr l:ylt df]If . ~ tj gf) d"ntj a|Xdf . ~ wfd gf) != ;j{>i ]7 :yfg :ju{ j}
. @= knf]s . #= d[To d0f . ~ kb gf) != ;a}eGbf pRr kb jf :yfg ;jf]Q { d :yfg . @= d
lSt df]If . ~ lktf gf) ;+;fsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dflgg] O{Zj kd]Zj . ~ k?if gf) ;aeGbf
], ;dy{ k?if kd]Zj lji0f . ef gf) k|frLg sfndf sdffsdfL lsga]r ubf{ a]Rg]n] ls
]rlavgsf] a]xf]f n]vL lbg] sfut . ~ efs gf) 7"nf fhfdxffhfxn] kfpg] Ps k|frLg pkflw
efs dxffhflwfh gf) lnR5ljsfnsf fhfxnfO{ lje"lift kfg]{ ;Ddfg hgfpg] zAb jf k|zl:t
{1 lj) [;+)] csf{sf] dd{ hfGg] csf{sf] bMv ag] . kdlif{ gf) [;+)] ;aeGbf 7"nf Clif
xlif{ . kd ;Qf gf) [;+)] != clgolGqt zlSt jf clwsf k"0f{ tyf cafw ;Qf . @= clwgfos .
#= clwgfosTj . kdx+; gf) [;+)] != ;GGof;LxdWo] dflyNnf] txsf] rflxF ju{ jf kb . @=
dxfTdf . #= kd]Zj . kdfs gf) [;+)] ;aeGbf pQd cIf (cf]+d) \ k|0fj cf]+sf . k
] c;n zLn:jefj ePsL gfL pQd :qL . kdf\uL gf) [kmf) kmdfguL] != fhfsf] jf ;sfL pRr
cf1f k|df\uL . @= cf1f cfb]z cgdlt . kdf0f gf) [;+)] != sg} kbfy{sf] cToGt ;"Id s
f clt ;fgf] s0f . @= sg} ef}lts kbfy{sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ;aeGbf ;"Id tj . #= jf:t j
f d"lt{df k|of]u xg] ;aeGbf ;fgf] gfkf] . ~ ad gf) kdf0fsf rgfdf lglxt zlStnfO{ P
slqt uL tof ulPsf] zlStzfnL ad . jfb gf) ;+;fsf] ;Dk"0f{ zlQm kdf0faf6} ag]sf] xf]
L eGg] Ps bfz{lgs l;4fGt . jfbL lj) kdf0fjfbsf] cgofoL . kdfTdf gf) [;+)] ka|Xd jf
kd]Zj . kdfb]z gf) [;+)] != tNnf] cbfnt, ;+:yf, clwsfL cflbnfO{ sg} ljlzi6 sfd ug{ j
f gug{sf lglDt ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lbg] cfb]z . kdflwsf gf) [;+)] ;jf]{Rr zf;sn] dfq k|
of]u ug{ ;Sg] ljlzi6 clwsf . > kdflwsfL gf) kdflwsfk|fKt JolSt . kdflwklt gf) [;+)]
;jf]R { r clwklt (fhf, fi6klt, cWoIfd08nsf] ;efklt O)) . > kdflwkTo gf) kdflwkltsf]
floTj, kb jf clwsf . kdfgGb gf) [;+)] != a|Xdfsf] ;fIffTsf jf To;sf 1fgsf] ;v a|Xdfg
Gb . @= ka|Xd O{Zj . #= cToGt cfgGb

@= kksf] cgej xg . kkfu0f gf) [;+)] Pp6f k"mnsf] zqmsL6 csf{ k"mnsf] l8Da;Fu ldn]
aLhf0f aGg] k|lqmof . kkfx6 gf) [kk cfx6] kkfpg] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kklg
] != Pscsf]; { u F gldNg] xg afpFl7g lalelG8g . @= kk xg 6fl9g . kklg@ c)
] kkofpg . kkL lqm) lj) [kk O{] kk kktL . kk] lj) [kk P] kk ug]{ laFul
f gkL 6f96f9} . @= k[ys\k[ys\ . kkofO gf) [ kkl - ofO)] kklg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
kkofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kkofOg c) lqm) != lha|fdf xnsf] kL8f xf]Og dd eOg .
qm) @= kSs klg bf]aflg kktL el6g . kkofpg c) lqm) != l6Da, lklof cflb vfF
sf] kL8f xg Ps lsl;dsf] lk/f] cgej xg ddL nfUg . ;) lqm) @= kktL a6fg{ jf lgd
]7g \  . > kkofx6 gf) kkofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof kkofO . kkfs gf) [;+)] != csf{sf
k~rdxfo1sf lglDt ksfOg] vfg]sf] . @= csf{n] ksfPsf] vfg]sf] . kkL8s lj) [;+)] != c
sf{nfO{ zfLls jf dfgl;s kdf bMv lbg] csf{nfO{ v"a;Fu ;tfpg] . gf) @= csf{nfO{ lkg]{
JolSt . kkL8g gf) [;+)] csf{nfO{ zfLls jf dfgl;s bMv lbg] sfd csf{nfO{ ;tfpg] jf ;f
:tL lbg] lqmof . kk?if gf) [;+)] != ;j{;fwf0f dflg;df eGbf u0f, zlQm cflb a9\tf e
Psf] JolSt ;j{>]i7 k?if kdfTdf . @= cfgf] nf]Ug]afx]ssf] cGo k?if gf7f] . kk|kf}q
[;+)] kgfltsf] 5f]f] hghflt . ka gf) [;+) k6f]n] bfFtL k]sf, d6sf cfsfsf kft xg]
]tf] k"mn kmNg], nxfdf kmNg] uf]nsfFqmLsf h:tf 8f]nf sf];f xg,] tsfL vfOg], k|l;4
kmnljz]if . (cfojb {] df o;sf] kft lkQgfzs kli6sfs atfOPsf] 5 .) . ka:tL gf) [km
f) kjlz] != kfngkf]if0f ;De0f ;Def . @= hLjgj[lQ hLjglgjf{x . ka|Xd gf) [;+)] != l
lgfsf pkflwlxt a|Xd . @= O{Zjsf] kd ;Qf . k efUof]khLjL lj) [;+)] csf{sf] sdfO jf
vfP hLljsf ug]{ csf{sf] sfdaf6 hLjglgjf{x ug]{ . kd lj) [;+)] != ;aeGbf klxn]sf] cflb
sf] cfB . @= ;aeGbf pQd pTs[i6 . #= ;a}eGbf k|wfg ;j{k|dv . $=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kdfokfpg clt ;v . kdfo gf) [;+)] hLjzf:qn] atfPsf] k"0f{ cfo hLjgsf] ;jf{lws cf
. (dfG5]sf] kdfo !)) jif{ dfg]/ g]kfnL ;dfhdf cfl;s lbFbf aL;f;o (Ps ;o aL; jif{
) cfo xf];\ elgG5 .) kdfy{ gf) [;+)] != ;a}eGbf dxjsf] ljifo jf cy{ . @= df]If dlS
t . ~ ;To gf) ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;To O{Zjl;4 ;To . jfbL lj) j]bfGtL tj1 . > kdfyL{ lj)
nfu]sf] df]IffyL{ . kdf;g gf) [;+)] fhfsf cWoIftfdf a:g] dflyNnf] txsf] ljz]if Ohnf
; . kdvfk]IfL lj) [;+)] cfk"mn] kl>d jf sg} pBf]u guLsg csf{s} kl>d jf pBf]uaf6 hLj
glgjf{x ug]{ csf{sf edf afFRg] khLjL . kd]Zj gf) [;+)] != ;+;fsf] ;[li6, l:ylt ;+
f jf stf{ dflgg] ka|Xd ;u0f a|Xd kdfTdf . @= lji0f . #= lzj . > kd]ZjL gf) != ;[li
l:ylt k|nosL sfl0fL b]jL buf{ dxfdfof . @= kd]Zjsf] zlQm cflbzlSt . lj) #= kd]Zj
. kd]i7L gf) [;+)] != ;[li6stf{ a|Xdf . @= ;+xfstf{ lzj . #= clUgb]j . kDkb gf) [;+)]
x]) kdkb . kDkf gf) [;+)] != klxn]b]lv rlncfPsf] Lltlylt cljlR5Gg kn] rlncfPsf] qmd
l;nl;nf k|yf l9 . @= qmda4 ;d"x k\lSt . #= k4lt k|0ffnL cgqmd . $= j+z ;Gtlt .
= kDkfb]lv rlncfPsf] klxn]b]lv xFb} cfPsf] . @= qmd};Fu cfPsf] qmdfut . > kDklt lj)
ePsf] l;nl;nf ePsf] qmd};Fu x]sf] . ~ ks gf) ;flxTodf Pp6fnfO{ u]sf] cff]k csf{df k
hfFbf xg] ks cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . kfi6 gf) [;+)] != Ps fi6sf] b[li6df csf]{ fi6 c
eGb} b]z csf]{ b]z . @= ldqfi6 ljb]z . ~ gLlt gf) Ps fi6n] csf{ fi6;Fu Jojxf ubf{
;DaGw fVbf cFuflng] gLlt jf l;4fGt . ~ dGqfno gf) kfi6 ; DaGwL dfldnfsf] sfd ug{ kf
qLsf dftxtsf] sfof{no ljb]zdGqfno . kn lj) [k\ cn] != klx]sf] ldlNsx]sf] . @= k]sf
jf lsGbf nfu]sf] -nfut jf d"No_ . knf]s gf) [;+)] != wd{ tyf kf0fcg;f, d]kl5 k|f0fL
sf] cfTdf uP xg] 7fpF :ju{ . @= d[To d0f . ~ udg gf) knf]ssf] ofqf d[To d0f . ~
) knf]sjf; . jf; gf) d[To d0f . jf;L lj) knf]s ePsf] d]sf] knf]sdf a:g] .
736

kj lj) [kmf) kj{] ;+If0f ug]{ kfng ug]{ . (of] zAbsf cGtdf cfpF5,h:t} ulakj) . k
)] kl5 xg] kl5 xg] kl5Nnf sfF6sf] . kjz lj) [;+)] csf{sf cwLgdf x]sf] kfwLg ktGq
gfsf] efj jf l:ylt kfwLgtf . kjfb gf) [;+)] != klxn]b]lv rn] cfPsf] xNnf hg>lt ls+
tL . @= ckjfb lgGbf . kjfx gf) [kmf) kjf] x]) kaf{x . kz gf) [;+)] aGrf] s7f .
0fsf b; cjtfdWo] 5}6f}F cjtf dflgg] Ps Clif e[uj  z + L hdblUg Clifsf 5f]f . k;u{ g
) [;+)] cfk"m PSn}df :jtGq cy{ gxg] t sg} wft jf k|fltklbssf k5fl8 ufFl;Fbf lj
z]if cy{ aemfpg] k|ToowdL{ kb . k:qL gf) [;+)] cfgL kTgLafx]ssL cGo :qL kfO{sL :qL .
~ udg gf) csf{sL :qL;Fu ;dfud ug]{ sfd gf7f]luL . k:yfgLo lj) [;+)] != klt xg] kN
5fl8 xg] . @= csf{sf :yfgsf] csf{sf] 7fpF;DaGwL . ~ k|hflt gf) k:yfgdf xg] k|f0fL jf
jg:kltsf] ;fgf] pkhflt . k:k lqm) lj) [;+)] != cfk"mcfk"mdf Pscsf{sf ;fy cfk;cfk;df
) @= cfk"mcfk"m cfkmGt cfk; . tf gf) != bO{ laGb jf j:tsf ldNbfhNbf nIf0f jf lj
z]iftf . @= d]n ldnfk . > k:kf]kdf gf) csf]{ pkdf gfvL pkd]onfO{ g} pkdfgsf] kdf b]vf
Fbf xg] pkdf cn\sfsf] Ps e]b pkd]of]kdf . k:j gf) [;+)] csf{sf] ;DklQ csf] wg kb|
t gf) [;+)] csf{sf] enfO kfO{sf] sNof0f . > klxt}ifL lj) klxt ug]{ csf] enfO rfxg]
gf) [kmf) kmx]h] lafdLn] xflgsfs j:t gvfg] jf dv afg]{ sfd kykx]hdf xg] sfd skYo
g gug]{ sfd vfg]sfsf] afgf . > kx]hL lj) kx]hdf xg] :jf:Yosf nflu clxt xg] sfaf
g] dv afg]{ . kf pk) [;+)] != zAbsf cufl8 x] csf],{ 6f9f, clulNt, 7"nf] cflb cy{ k|s
ug]{ pk;u{ (h:t} kfqmd, kfsfi7f, kfho, kfdz{ O)_ . gf) @= rf k|sfsf jf0fLdWo] d"nfw
]sf] gfbkL klxnf] jf0fL . #= a|XdljBf . $= u\uf . kfO gf) [ k\ - cfO)] kg]{ lqmof jf
qmof [ > ] kfOg s) lqm) kg{ nufOg kg]{ kflg . kfO{ lj) [k|f) ko < ;+) ks] != cfk
v afx]ssf] csf]{ lafgf] . gf) @= cfkmGtafx]ssf] JolSt krqmL . kfpg k|) ] lqm) [k\
kg{ nfpg kg]{ kfg{ .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
737

kfsfi7fkfn rfsfrnL (sLf]) . kfGt gf) [tn) lx) kft  yfn] lepF6 . kfGg gf) [;+)]
sf] cGg jf ef]hg . @= csf] :jfldTj ePsf] cGg . ~ eIf0f gf) csf{sf] sdfO vfP ulg] k]6
kfnf] . ~ ef]hL lj) csf{n] lbPsf] cGgaf6 hLjglgjf{x ug]{ kf]khLjL . kfk lj) [;+)] !=
tyf ck . @= fd|f] gfd|f] . #= j}z]lifs bz{gcg;f kTj ckTj bj} u0fn] oSt . kfk
) lj) [;+)] != w]} jif{cl3 plxn] . gf) @= snkDkf kVof}{nL . ~ sfn gf) w]} jif{cl3s
;do . kfej gf) [;+)] != ktg tyf x|f; xg nfu]sf] l:ylt gfz jf ljgfzsf] cj:yf . @= kf
ho xf . #= cgfb x]nf lt:sf ckdfg . kfe"t lj) [;+)] != xf]sf] xf vfPsf] kflht
]lkPsf] . #= gi6 e|i6 . > kfe"lt gf) kfej . kfdgf]lj1fg gf) [;+)] != 5}6f}F 1fg]lGb|o
(dg) df dfq cfwflt dgf]lj1fg . @= khGd, k"j{;+:sf cflbsf] ;Defjgfsf] 5fglag ug]{ dg
f]lj1fg . kfdz{ gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifodf 5nkmn ug]{ tyf To;af6 vFlbnf] lgisif{ lg
sfNg] sfd ;;Nnfx dGq0ff . @= sg} cTofjZos jf cfsl:ds ljifodf ulg] ljrf jf ljj]rgf .
~ sIf gf) lrlsT;s, jlsn cflbsf sg} ljifodf kfdz{ jf ;Nnfx lng] 7fpF kfdz{u[x . ~ s]G
b| gf) kfdz{sIf . bftf lj) kfdz{ lbg] ;Ddlt lbg] ;Nnfx lbg] ;Nnfxsf . bft[ lj)
tf . bfqL ;ldlt gf) sg} sfo{ jf ljifodf ;Nnfx lbgsf lglDt u7g ulPsf] ;ldlt . > kfd
zf{no gf) x]) kfdz{sIf . kfd[t lj) [;+)] d[TonfO{ lht]sf] d[To~hoL . kfo0f lj) [;+
!= sg} ljifo jf sfdf b[9tfk"js { nfu]sf] jf l:y x]sf] (h:tf] st{Jokfo0f, wd{kfo0f
. @= cf;St lgt . gf) #= clt cf;lSt . $= clGtd nIo . %= cf>o:yfg . kf lqm) lj) [;+) k
] lat]sf] bf];|f] jif{ kf]xf]eGbf cluNnf] jif{ . kfy{ lj) [;+)] != csf{sf lgldQsf] .
gf) @= csf{sf] pksf jf sNof0f kf]ksf . kf4{ lj) [;+)] != pQd >]i7 . @= axdN " o
\ . gf) #= c;Ld ;\Vof k/fw{ . kfw{ lj) [;+)] sg} c\ssf k5fl8 ;qj6f z"Go lbFbf aGg] ;
Vof !,)),)),)),)),)),)),)),))) sf] c\s . kfn gf) [;+) knfn] bfOF u] wfg emfl;s]kl5sf
ss ] f] gn kft kjf . sf] cfuf] 6) nf]Ug]:jf:gLsf] emu8f If0f:yfoL .

kfg]{ kfg{ . cfofd jf ljifosf] clGtd ;Ldf rd;Ldf cflvL xb kNnf] kmfn . kfqmd gf) [;
!= zlQm;fdYo{sf ;fy ulg] jf xg] sg} 7"nf] sfd axfbL jLtf . @= pT;fx tyf pBdsf kd
lg] sg} fd|f] 7"nf] sfd kf}v k?iffy{ . #= cufl8 a9] s;}dfly cfqmd0f ug]{ sfd hfO
fO . > kfqmd0f gf) != csf{dfly hfOnfUg] sfd . @= csf{df lglxt clwsf ank"j{s cfk"mdf
x:tfGtlt ug]{ sfd . kfqmdL lj) kfqmd ePsf] k?iffyL{ kf}vL . kfqmDo lj) cfqmd0f
sf] kfqmd0f ug{ of]Uo . kfu gf) [;+)] != k"mnleq xg] ;uGwL w"nf] kikfh . @= gxfpg
eGbf klxn] 3l;g] ;uGwL r"0f{ asjf . #= rGbg ;uGwL n]kg . ~ s0f gf) k"mnxsf kfus]n
Ldf pTkGg xg] Ps lsl;dsf] pj{ k|hggzLn tj . ~ s]; gf) k"mnsf uefdf kfu 6fFl;Psf] ;"
q . ~ sf]if gf) kfus0fx xg] k?if]lGb|osf] Ps 5]psf] efu . kfu0f gf) [;+)] edf cflbn
s k"mnsf] s]; nu] csf{ k"mndf xflnlbg] lqmof kfu;]rg efn]kf]yL k"mnxsf] k|hggJofkf
o{ gf) Ps k"mndf x]sf zqmsL6 csf{ k"mnsf l8Dadf kg]{ lqmof . kfut lj) [;+)] != knf]s
eO;s]sf] d]sf] d[t . @= nk]l6Psf] a]lPsf] . #= km}lnPsf] kfFlhPsf] . $= kl5Nnf] j0f{
f k|efjdf k] cluNnf] j0f{ klg kl5Nnf] j0f{h:t} ePsf] (h:t} eSt > eQ cflb) . kfu ;]rg
gf) [;+)] k"0f{ ljsl;t kfu Pscsf{df ;\qmd0f xg] aLhfwfg xg] k|lqmof . kf3f} lj) [
+) kcf3f}F] cfpFbf] t];|f] jif{ cf3f}Fkl5sf] jif{ . kf
\d'v lj) [;+)] != ljkLt lbzfkl
kl5lNt d'v kmsf{Psf] d'G6f] kmsf{Psf] ljd'v . @= cg's"n gePsf] k|lts"n . kfho gf) [;+
] o'4, v]n, k|ltof]lutf cflbdf xf vfg] sfd xf . kflht lj) [;+)] kfho ePsf] xf vfPsf
] . kfTdf gf) [;+)] != kdfTdf ka|Xd . @= csf{sf] cfTdf . kfwLg lj) [;+)] csf{sf cwLg
]sf] :jtGq gePsf] ktGq kjz . tf gf) kfwLg x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf csf{sf cwLgdf xg]
kjztf . ~ jfSo gf) cfk"m :jtGq gxL csf{sf cwLgdf x]sf] jfSo cwLg jf cfl>t jfSo uf}0f
fSo c
\ujfSo . kfgL gf) [;+) k|f0fL] dfs'fsf cfsfsf], nfdfnfdf v'f x' g ] , sfnf]
s
| s fsf] sLf] l9sLRofpF
[kf\cfpg'] @= kfg{ nfpg' kfsfi7f gf) [;+)] lglZrt

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

kfn]klIffng kfn] lj) [kfnP] kfnn] 5fPsf] kfn;DaGwL kfnsf] . ~ 3 gf) kfnn] 5f
nsf] 8f]L af6] To;af6 tof kflPsf] h'Qf . kfjt{g gf) [;+)] != st}af6 kms{g] sfd k|Tof
g . @= ;fkf ;f6k]m . #= pN6fpg] sfd . $= P]gfdf k]sf] k|sfz kms{g] sfd k|Tofjt{g . k
t{t lj) [;+)] kmsf{OPsf] pN6fOPsf] k|Tofjlt{t . ~ rfg gf) tfk jf rfk jf b'j}n] ubf{ a
blnPsf] rfg . kfjtL{ lj) [;+)] kms]{ cfpg] k|Tofut . kfjTo{ gf) k|Tofjt{g . kfljBf
+)] != cWofTdljBf . @= kfdgf]lj1fg . kfj[Q lj) [;+)] != kms]{ cfPsf] k|Tofut . @= k]m
lPsf] ablnPsf] x]k]m ulPsf] . #= kmsf{OPsf] lkmtf{ lbPsf] . > kfj[lQ gf) != kms]
fd . @= pN6fkfN6f x'g] lqmof . #= bf]xf]lg] lqmof . kfz gf) [;+)] dxlif{ jl;i7sf kf}
q, zlStsf k'q tyf s[i0f}kfog Jof;sf lktf Ps k|l;4 uf]qk|jt{s Clif . (logs} gfpFaf6
kfz jf kffz uf]q rn]sf] xf]) . kf>o gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] cf>o jf cjnDag csf{sf] ef
@= kfwLgtf kjztf . lj) #= csf{sf cf>odf x]sf] kfl>t kfwLg . > kf>oL lj) != csf{s
f ef];fdf xg] . @= csf{ yL hGt' jg:klt cflbsf c
\udf x] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ sL6f0f jf jg
tsf] ju{ . kfl>t lj) [;+)] csf{sf cf>o jf ef];fdf x]sf] kf>o kfwLg . kf:t lj) [;+
af6 xf]sf] kflht ePsf] . @= bafOPsf] cbadf flvPsf] . #= ofFlsPsf] ldNsfOPsf] . kfx
j) [;+)] != csf]{ lbg bf];|f] lbg ef]lnkN6 . gf) @= ef]ln cfpg] lbg . kfxt lj) [;+)]
!= sNrLldNrL kflPsf] jf bafOPsf] cfqmfGt . @= x6fOPsf] kG5fOPsf] . #= v08g ulPsf] v
l08t . $= hf]ltPsf] nbfOPsf] . kfX0f gf) [;+)] lbgsf] bf]kxkl5sf] ;do lbgsf] kl5Nnf]
cfwf lbgsf] t];|f] k|x ckfX0f . kl pk) [;+)] wft jf zAbsf clulNt ufFl;P jlkl, rf
tzo, k"0f{tf, lt:sf cflb cy{ aemfpg] Ps pk;u{ (h:t} klqmdf, klk"0f{, klTofu, klej O
. klcfpgL gf) [kL cfp gL] cfsl:dstf e}kL, b}jL jf cfsl:ds ;+of]u . klsyf gf) [;+)] !
syfleqsf cg]sf}F 5f]6f syfdWo] sg} Ps . @= kzkIfLx kfq ePsf] syf (lxtf]kb]z, k
~rtGq, zsaxQL, jL/l;Ssf O)) .
738

klsDk gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] sDk yLyL sfFKg] lqmof . @= 7"nf] 8 cft\s yxL qflxqflx
!= kljf hxfg . @= ;dbfo ;d"x . #= cgrju{ gf]srfssf] ;d"x . $= sddf afFWg] nfdf]
sf . %= kn vf6 . ^= clek|fo;lxt ljz]if0fsf ;fy ljz]io hf]l8Fbf xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . &=
ljlzi6 tSdfsf ;fydf lgwf{lt sf] sfFwb]lv sDd;Dd 58\s] kf]  gf) ljz]if clek|fon] o
nufOg] lkmQf . > klsf\s sg} ljz]iosf] k|of]u ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . klsd{ gf) [;
= zLdf ulg] s];, rGbg cflbsf] n]kg . @= uf]8fdf dfx nfpg] sfd . klsNkg gf) [;+)] !=
Nkgf ugf{sf] lqmof jf efj . @= sg} ljifodf xg] lrGtg jf dgg . #= klsNkgf . klsNk
gf gf) [;+)] != kl5 l;4 xg ;Sg] sfsf] klxn] g} dgdf ulg] c8\sn jf wf0ff . @= ts{sf
nflu dfq sg} sfsf] dfGotf . #= agfpg] sfd lgdf{0f rgf . $= sg} sf jf ljifok|ltsf
] lgZro jf lg0f{o . ~ ;fWo gf) sg} ljifout ;+rgf (xfOkf]yl] ;;) . klslNkt lj) [;+)]
klsNkgf ulPsf] agfOPsf] lrt lglZrt lg0fL{t . klsf gf) leq xfjf hfFbf kmSg] t af
] f]Sg] j:t 6adf xfjf k}mlng] ef]N6a . klsf gf) [;+) k|sf] != crf, tsf{L cflbs
|sf . @= vfg]s  f, ld7fO{ cflbsf ljleGg k|sf jf lsl;d . klsLt{g gf) [;+)] != sg} j:
t jf JolStsf] cTolws k|z+;f ug]{ sfd Hofb} a9fOr9fO uL s;}nfO{ xf}:ofpg] lqmof .
@= rf6sfltf lrNnf]3;fO rDrfluL . klqmd gf) [;+)] != rf}lt 3Dg] sfd k|blIf0ff . @
t lxF8g \ ] sfd 6xnfO . #= l;nl;nf qmd . > klqmd0f gf) klqmd klqmdf . klqmdf gf) !
Dg] lqmof . @= b]jtfsf] d"lt{, dlGb, k0oIf]q cflbnfO{ bflxg] kfL 3Dg] sfd . #=
kmfug zSn k|ltkbfb]lv ;? eO{ k"l0f{dfsf lbg ;dfKt xg], b]j:ynxsf] k|blIf0ff u
lg] Ps pT;j . (of] klqmdf hgskaf6 yflnO{ xgdfggu, sNof0f]Zj, dl6xfgL, hn]Zj, d8O{,
|js08, s~rgk, wgiff cflb xFb} k]ml hgsk} ku]kl5 ;dfKt xG5 .) klqmdfTds lj) !=
klqmdf ug]{ . @= sg} j:tnfO{ s]Gb| agfO{ To;}sf jlkl 3Dg] (csf]{ j:tsf] ult jf
;~rfng) . klqmfGt lj) [;+)] sNrLldNrL kflPsf] kbfk{0f ulPsf] 6]lsPsf] . klSnfGt l
+)] Hofb} yfs]sf] ysfOn] etSs ePsf] clt ylst . > klSnflGt gf) 7"nf] kl>d jf ysfO .
klIffng gf) [;+)] fd|f];Fu wg] sfd fd|L kvfNg] sfd .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
739

kllIfKtklrof{ Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f ;QfO; ljisDeflb of]udWo] Ps . kl3g gf) [;+)] jlkl

3dfO{3dfO{ 3f]6\g] lqmof k"0f{ 3f]6fO . kl3lt lj) [;+)] rf}lt 3dfP 3f]l6Psf] a];
6Psf] v"a;Fu ul8Psf] . kl3ft gf) [;+)] != dfg]{ sfd jw xTof . @= k|xf xgg . #= gfz
sfd gi6 ug]{ lqmof . $= pNn\3g . > kl3ftL lj) != kl3ft ug]{ dfg]{ jw ug]{ xToff] .
ug]{ ljgfzsfL ;+xfstf{ . kl3f]if gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] cfjfh eofgs uh{gf . @= cglrt s
fnfos sfdsf] . kl gf) [tn) k]?\uf]] != Ps hftsf] a]t . @= Ps hftsf] afF; Ps hftsf]
gufnf] . klro gf) [;+)] != fd|L lrgfL ug]{ jf ufpg] sfd hfgklxrfg lrgfhfgL lrgfkrL
d|L hDdf ug]{ lqmof Pslqt ug]{ sfd a6nf] ;Fufnf] . ~ k gf) sg} JolSt, ;+:yf, k;n cf
bsf] gfd jf c sg} ljifosf] ljj0f n]v] ;fj{hlgs ;"rgfsf lglDt 6fFluPsf] wft, sf7 c
flbsf] kmns ;"rgfkf6L klrokf6L . ~ kq gf) != j:txsf ;Dk|flKtsf] plrt k|aGwsf nflu x
nfsff ;j{;fwf0fn] pkof]u ug{ ;Sg] uL b:t lnO{ hfL ulg] kq . @= sg} JolStnfO{ klro
f lglDt p;sf] gfd, sfo{ cflb ljj0f n]lvPsf] kq . #= sg} ljifo jf ;+:yfsf] p2]Zo,
sfo{k0 | ffnL cflbsf] lj:t[t ljj0f n]lvPsf] kq jf kl:tsf . ~ kf6L gf) ;fj{hlgs t
yf 1ftJo ;" r gfsf lglDt 6fF l uPsf] sf7, wft cflbsf] lrXg (;fOgaf]8{) . klrofTd
s lj) != cfk;df lrghfg ug]{ jf ufpg] . @= sg} klg ljifo jf j:tsf] lrgfL lbnfpg] klr
o ePsf] . #= klro;Fu;DalGwt . tf gf) klrofTds cj:yf, efj jf lqmof . klr gf) [;+)] !
f]s rfs ;]js . @= f]uLsf ;]jf z>"iff cflbsf lglDt x]sf] JolSt . > klr0f gf) klr
d ;]jf z>"iff . klr0fLo lj) != ;]jf ug{ nfos klr0fof]Uo z>"iff of]Uo . gf) @= kl
o . klrlt lj) klr0f ulPsf] . klrltf gf) != ;]js klrof{ ug]{ JolSt gf]s rfs
{ . klrL gf) != gf]sgL{ bf;L rfsgL{ ;]ljsf . @= g;{ . klrrf{ gf) [;+)] sg} ljifosf
cju0f cflbsf] rf}tkmL{ rrf{ jf ljZn]if0f . klrof{ gf) [;+)] != cfk"meGbf sdhf] jf
ladfL cflbsf] ;]jf6xn ug]{ sfd . @= hLjglgjf{xsf lglDt 7"nf a8fsf]

kllIfKt lj) [;+)] != otfplt ofFlsPsf] rf}lt kmflnPsf], 5lPsf] jf ldNsfOPsf] . @= rf

}lnPsf] kfFlhPsf] k|sL0f{ . #= rf}lt 3]lPsf] h]lnPsf] . $= 5f]l8Psf] ToSt . > kllIf
) != kllIfKt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf 5fO asf{O . @= km}nfO klIf]k . klIf]k gf) [;+)] !
plt 8Ng] sfd 6xNg] sfd . @= rf}lt km}nfpg] sfd lkmFhfpg] sfd kllIflKt . #= kmfNg] jf
cfkmNg] sfd ldNsfpg] sfd . $= rf}lt 3]g]{ sfd 5]sff] dfg]{ sfd . klvfklvft gf) [;+
lsNnfdf c sf]xL k|jz ] ug{ gkfpmg\ egL rf}lt vlgPsf] vfN6f] jf rf}lt p7fOPsf] cUnf]
kvf{n . klu0fg gf) [;+)] glafO{sg fd|L u0fgf ug]{ sfd ldlxg]t;fysf] ugfO klu0fgf .
fgf gf) klu0fg . klu0fgLo lj) fd|L uGg of]Uo u0fgf ug{ nfos ulgxF" nfUg] ug"u F g
nfUg] . klul0ft lj) != u0fgf ulPsf] ulgPsf] u0fgfdf cfPsf] . @= cg;"rLdf c\lst ePsf
, k]sf] jf blPsf] u0fgfff cg;"rLdf c\lst ePsf] (cflbjf;L, blnt, cNk;\Vos cflb hflt
ju{) . klut lj) [;+)] != rf}lt 3]lPsf] cfj]li6t . @= rf}tkmL{ 9flsPsf] ;j{JofKt . #=
hflgPsf] kl1ft . $= lalt;s]sf] ljut . %= d]sf] d[t . ~ j[Q gf) sg} Pp6f j[Qn] csf]{
j[QnfO{ 3]]sf] 5 eg] ;f] 3]lPsf] rflxF j[Q . > klult gf) != 3]fO cfj]i6g JoflKt . @=
fks 1fg . #= d[To . kludg gf) [;+)] != rf}lt hfg], 3]g]{ sfd rf}3]f cfj]i6g . @= rf
fSg] sfd klJofKt xg] lqmof . #= sg} j:t k|fKt ug]{ sfd k|flKt . klule{s gf) [;+)]
ule{0fLsf] b"w lkpFbf pTkGg xg] Ps vfnsf] f]u . klu[xLt lj) [;+)] != u|x0f ulPsf] :j
Ls[t . @= kfPsf] k|fKt . #= ;dfltPsf] ksl8Psf] cF7fOPsf] . > klu[xLtf lj) ljjfx ePsL
[xLt eO;s]sL ljjflxtf . klu|x gf) [;+)] != lng] jf u|x0f ug]{ sfd :jLsf . @= rf}lt 3
{ sfd 3]f xfNg] sfd . #= ljjfx . $= :jf:gL kTgL efof{ . %= kljf hxfg . > klu|x0f g
ng] sfd u|x0f ug]{ sfd :jLsf ug]{ sfd :jLsf :jLs[lt . @= klxg] sfd wf0f ug]{ sfd
Xo lj) != lng nfos :jLsf ug{ of]Uo . @= wf0f ug{ nfos nufpg nfos . kl3 gf) [;+)] !=
sf aGb ug{ jfkf xg] cfUnf] la] c fUnf] . @= d b \ u . #= efnf . $= 9f] s f . %=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

klrfoskl0ft ;]jfz>"iff ug]{ sfd . klrfos lj) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf JolStljz]ifsf] lr
gfL ufpg] klro lbg] jf lrgfpg] . @= sg} j:t jf ljifosf] vf; x:o atfpg] . gf) #= sg
} kbfy{, ljifo, 36gf cflbsf] klro lbg] jf ufpg] j:t ;Demf}6f] . ~ lrXg gf) klro ufpg
vf; lrgf] (lg;fg, 5fk, gDa cflb) . klrf gf) [;+)] != klrfs klr gf]s rfs . @=
]{ 7fpF . #= f]uL cflbsf] ;]jfz>"iff ug]{ sfd . s gf) hLjglgjf{xsf lgldQ 7"nfa8fsf
] ;]jf 6xn ug]{ JolSt ;]js gf]s rfs bf; e[To klrf kl/r . @= f]uLsf] ;]jf6xn
efp, af]6la?jf cflbsf] :ofxf;Def ug]{ JolSt . ~ uf8L gf) 3fOt], dbf{ jf lafdLnfO{
;fg]{ uf8L PDan]G; . ~ bn gf) != f]uL, nnfn\u8f jf czSt JolStxsf] ;]jfsf lglDt u7g
lPsf] bn . @= cfxtf]krfL bn . > klrf0f gf) klrf . klrflsf gf) != c:ktfndf pkrfsf
ulPsf f]uLxsf] ;]jfz>"iff ug]{ cfOdfO{ ;]ljsf g;{ . @= gf]sgL{ ;]ljsf bf;L . klrf
!= klrf ulPsf] . @= klrflsfsf] ;] j f kfPsf] (lzz) . klrfL gf) klrfs . klrfo{
g{ nfos ;]Jo . @= :ofxf;Def ug{ nfos kl;]Jo . klrfns lj) [;+)] != sfo{ljz]ifsf] klr
g],{ To;nfO{ rfn" fVg] jf To;sf] k|aGw ldnfpg] . @= xNnfpg] jlkl 3dfpg] . gf) #= s
g} sfo{sf] ;~rfng ug]{ JolSt ;~rfns . klrfng gf) [;+)] != sg} sfo{ jf ;+:yfsf] k|a
Gw . @= xNnfpg] sfd jlkl 3dfpg] sfd . #= lxF88n ufpg] sfd . klrflnt lj) [;+)] != rf
" flvPsf] . @= xNnfOPsf] 8f]nfOPsf] jlkl 3dfOPsf] . #= lxF88n ufOPsf] . kllrt lj)
] != lrg]hfg]sf] hfgklxrfg ePsf] klro ePsf] . @= yfxf kfOPsf] hflgPsf] 1ft . #= yKo|
fOPsf] Pslqt ulPsf] a6lnPsf] . kllrGtg gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifodf rf}lt b[li6 kofO
f] ;f]rfO . @= sg} ljifosf] fd|f] ;Demgf :d0f . #= lkmqmL lrGtf . > kllrlGtt lj) ;f]
rPsf] :d0f ulPsf] lrGtf ulPsf] . kllrXg gf) [;+)] != x:tfIf b:tvt . @= 5fk jf lrXg
|f];Fu nufOPsf] lrg . > kllrlXgt lj) != x:tfIf ulPsf] b:tvt ulPsf] . @= 5fk jf lrXg
ufOPsf] lg;fgf nufOPsf] . #= fd|L lrg nufOPsf] . klrDag gf) [;+)] k|d ] n] ljef] eP
lg] rDag w]}
740

dfof ubf{ vfOg] DjfOF . klrlDat lj) [;+)] k|d ] k"js { rDag ulPsf] dfofn] DjfOF vf
OPsf] . klr]o lj) [;+)] != klro ug{ of]Uo hfgklxrfg ug{ nfos . @= hfGg nfos yfxf kfpg
of]Uo . #= ;~ro ug{ of]Uo hDdf ug{ nfos . klR5b gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf JolStnfO
{ dflyaf6 9fSg] sk8f emfkg cfR5fbfg . @= zLdf nufpg] nuf kf];fs . #= fhfsf clu jf kl
nfUg] JolSt cgr . $= klhg kljf hxfg . klR5]b gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf ljifonfO{
f ljeflht ug]{ sfd ljefhg . @= u|Gysf] sg} Ps ljifosf] rrf{ ulPsf] c+z cWofo v08 k|s
f . #= ;Ldf cjlw . $= ;To, c;To cflbsf] lg0f{o lgZro . s lj) != ;Ldf jf cjlw lgwf{0f
ug]{ . @= cnucnu 5fpg] ljefhs . g gf) != sf6\g,] 6qmfpg] lrf kfg]{ sfd . @= k
cWofo jf klR5]b 5fpg] sfo{ . > klR5]lbsf gf) klR5]bsf] pkljefu ;fgf] cWofo . klR5
!= 56fpg of]Uo ljefHo . @= gfktf}n ug{ of]Uo kld]o . klRot lj) [;+)] tn em]sf] h
f wd{af6 lu]sf] Rot kltt . > klRolt gf) != klRot xgfsf] cj:yf ktg :vng . @= hft
klhg gf) [;+)] != cf>odf x]sf JolSt kljf hxfg (:qL, kq, gf]s O)) . @= bafleqsf
lhft lj) [;+)] != hlGdPsf] pld|Psf] pTkGg . @= ljsf; ePsf] ljsl;t . kl1ft lj) [;+)]
yfxf kfOPsf] lglZrt kdf 1ft ePsf] k"0f{ 1fg ePsf] jf hfgsfL ePsf] . > kl1ftf lj) != l
ifoj:tkl| tsf] fd|f] 1fg ePsf] v"a yfxf kfPsf] ljz]if hfgsfL xfl;n u]sf] . @= klro k
pg] lrGg] . gf) #= ljz]if1 . kl1fg gf) [;+)] != fd|fl] ;t ePsf] 1fg ;Dos\ 1fg ljz4 1
g . @= ;"Id 1fg j}1flgs 1fg oyfy{ 1fg . #= ljz]if1tf . $= klro hfgklxrfg . %= lrgf] c
le1fg . kl0ft lj) [;+)] != v"a;Fu ems]sf] a];L gx]sf] .@= gd| ljgd| ljgLt . #= Ps
6 csf{ kdf ablnPsf] kfGt ePsf] :jk abn]sf] . $= kfs]sf] klkSj ePsf] %= kr]sf] xhd
^= pd] l5lKkPsf] jf ku]sf] kfsf] k|f9 } . > kl0flt gf) != v"a;Fu emSg] sfd a];L g
] lqmof . @= gd|tf ljgd|tf ljgozLntf . #= Ps kaf6 csf]{ k xg] l:ylt kfGt0f . $= kfS
lqmof klkfs . %= kRg] jf xhd xg] lqmof klkfs . ^= k|f}9tf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
741

kl0foklwfjg klToSt lj) [;+)] fd|};Fu k"0f{ kn] TofluPsf] . tf gf) klTofu . > kl
;Fu 5fl8PsL k"0f{ kn] TofluPsL -:qL_ . klTofu gf) [;+)] != k"0f{ Tofu k"0f{ kn] 5f8\g
lqmof (clwsf, ;DklQ cflb) . @= s;};u F x]sf] ;DaGwsf] Tofu . #= k"0f{ pbftf . > klT
ofuL lj) != klTofu ug]{ k"0f{ kn] Tofu ug]{ . @= cfgf] clwsf jf :jTj k"0f{ kn] 5f8\g
klTofHo lj) k"f tjn] Tofu ug{ of]Uo ;a}ltaf6 5f8\g nfos klTofu ug{ nfos . klqf0f
] != cfkt\ljkt\df k]sfsf] Iff arfp . @= k"0f{ Iff cfIf0f . #= cfTdIff . $= cf>o ;x
t lj) [;+)] fd|L Iff ulPsf] rf}ltaf6 ;lIft flvPsf] xtxn] hf]ufOPsf] . > klqf
]{ (JolSt) . gf) @= ;+Ifs cleefjs . klqf; gf) [;+)] rf}ltaf6 xg] 8 cTolws eo 7"nf
klbUw lj) [;+)] k"} 89]sf] k"} tft]sf] . > klblUw gf) != 7"nf] Hjng dxftfk . @= 8a
f]lgof . klbz{s lj) [;+)] != klbz{g ug]{ . gf) @= ko{6s . klbz{g gf) [;+)] != sg} :y
fg jf j:t cflbnfO{ rf}ltaf6 x]g]{ sfd ;Dos\ bz{g . @= b[Zofjnf]sg . #= cjnf]sg . k
lblz{t lj) [;+)] fd|L x]lPsf] . klbxg gf) [;+)] != a];L 89fpg] sfd fd|L kf]Ng] s
. @= cfuf] nufpg] sfd ;Nsfpg] sfd . klbfg gf) [;+)] != Ps b]zn] csf{ b]znfO{ jf Ps
JolStn] csf{ JolStnfO{ ulg] ljz]if cfly{s ;xfotf . @= ;f6k]m ljlgdo . #= lkmtf{ lb
g] sfd kmsf{pg] sfd . klbfx gf) [;+)] != cToGt 7"nf] 8fxf k|r08 tfk klbxg . @= cTolws
dfgl;s tfk ;Gtfk . klb|i6f lj) [;+)] != sg} :yfg, j:t, ljifo cflbnfO{ rf}ltaf6 x]g]
{ klbz{g ug]{ . gf) @= klbz{s . klwfg gf) [;+)] !=rf}ltaf6 3]g{] sfd klj]i6g . @=
nufkmf6f] klxg] j:q . #= nuf nufpg] sfd klwfg ug]{ sfd . ~ u[x gf) sk8f nufpg], km]
g{] jf z[\uf cflb ug]{ sf]7f z[\ufsf]7f (8]l;?d) . > klwfgLo lj) klwfg ug{ of]Uo
) [;+)] != 5f]Kg] ;fwg cfj0f . lj) @= 5f]Kg] cfj0f ug]{ . klwf0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j
nfO{ c8fpg] sfd yfDg] sfd . @= ;xg] sfd ;xg ug]{ sfd . klwfjs gf) [;+)] != fd|L sbg
;Sg] JolSt . @= sbfOdf k|jL0f v]nf8L . lj) #= Psbd sb\g] jf bf}l8g] . klwfjg gf)
[;+)] != rf}lt bug]{ jf bf}8g] sfd a];L

klkSjtf . &= a9fOF, jf4{So . *= cGt ;dflKt ;dfkg . (= kl0ffd lgisif{ . kl0ftLs0f
} j:tnfO{ Ps kaf6 csf]{ kdf kljlt{t ug]{ lqmof kfGtLs0f . kl0fo gf) [;+)] ljjfx u
. kl0ffd gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd jf ljifosf] lgrf]df xg] lgisif{ kmn glthf . @= sg}
sfd jf ljifonfO{ abNg] sfd kljt{g . #= Ps kaf6 csf]{ kdf abNg] sfd kfGt0f . $= sg}
 jf ljifosf] j[l4 xg] lqmof ljsf; . %= ;dfKt xg] lqmof ;dfkg ;dflKt 6\uf] l5gfkmf
f . ^= pkd]osf] sfd pkdfgff ulFbf xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . tM lqm) lj) kl0ffdsf kdf km
j) != sg} sfd jf ljifosf] kl5 xg] kl0ffd klxn] g} hfGg] . @= kmn jf kl0ffdsf] kl
xn] g} ljrf u] sfd ug]{ eljiobzL{ b"bzL{ . > kl0ffdL lj) != kl0ffd xg] glthf lg:
Og] . @= kl0ffd ePsf] kl0ffd;Fu ;DalGwt . kl0ffos gf) [;+)] != cufl8 8f]ofpg] JolSt
jf g]tf . @= klt :jfdL . kl0fLt lj) [;+)] != ljjfx jf kl0fo eO;s]sf] ljjflxt . @= kl
d lgl:s;s]sf] ;dfKt k"0f{ . > kl0fLtf lj) != ljjfx eO;s]sL ljjflxtf . gf) @= Aoflxt]
:jf:gL . kl0f]tf gf) [;+)] kl0ffos . kl0f]of lj) [;+)] kfl0fu|x0f ug{ of]Uo ljjfx ug{
nfossL . kltKt lj) [;+)] != v"a;Fu tft]sf] pQKt . @= clt g} bMlvt ;GtKt . kltfk gf)
;+)] != cTolws tfk clt udL{ . @= Hofbf bMv rf}ltaf6 vlgPsf] kL . #= zf]s lrGtf . $=
5tf] kZrfQfk . > kltfkL lj) != clt tftf] pu| tfk ePsf] . @= cToGt bMlvt ;GtfkoSt .
#= ctLj bMvs Hofb} bMv lbg] . $= cToGt si6 lbg] . klltSt lj) [;+)] w]} tLtf] snlav
. klti6 lj) [;+)] != kd ;Gtli6 kfPsf] v"a ;Gti6 . @= k|;Gg v; . > kltli6 gf) !=
0f{ ;Gtli6 kltf]if . @= xif{ cfXnfb cfgGb . klt[Kt lj) [;+)] != fd|L c3fPsf] ;a}l
Kt kfPsf] . @= k"0f{ ti6 ;Gti6 . > klt[lKt gf) != rf}ltaf6sf] ;Gtf]if k"0f{ ;Gtli6
. @= cfGtls k|;Ggtf dfgl;s k|kmNntf . kltf]if gf) [;+)] != rf}ltaf6 k|fKt xg] ;Gtf]
f kltli6 .@= k"0f{ kn] c3fpg] lqmof t[lKt . #= sg} sfdsf] ;kmn xFbf xg] cfgGb .
kltf]ifs lj) != ;a} sfaf6 ;Gti6 tNofpg] . @= rf}ltaf6 v;L ufpg] . #= cfGtls cfg
lbg] . kltf]if0f gf) s;}nfO{ kltf]if jf ;Gtf]if ufpg] lqmof klt[lKt . kltf]ifL lj)
foSt ;Gtf]ifL .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

klwfjLklk"lt{ sb\g] sfd . @= lk5f ug]{ sfd kl5 nfUg] sfd k5fO . #= fd|L wg] jf kv
sfd . klwfjL lj) [;+)] klwfjg ug]{ klwfjs . kllw gf) [;+)] != rf}lt aflPsf] af
rf}3]f] . @= j[Qsf] ;aeGbf aflxklsf] k"0f{ ]vf j[Q agfpg] jqm]vf . #= lj:tf JoflKt
;"o{, rGb| cflb u|xsf jlkl b]lvg] af6nf] 3]f] klj]z d08n ;ef . %= o1s08sf tLglt 7
] sLnf] . ^= klqmdf ug]{ dfu{ jf af6f] . &= sg} j:t jf ljifosf] lglZrt ;Ldf jf
xb . s lj) kllw ePsf] rf}3]f] ePsf] . klw]o lj) [;+)] klwfgsf kdf Jojxf ug{ nfos
f) [;+)] sg} lgodcGtu{t ag]sf] csf]{ lgod pklgod ue]{ lgod . kllgjf{0f gf) [;+)] k"
0f{ kn] k|fKt ePsf] lgjf{0f df]If . kllgj[lQ gf) [;+)] != kllgjf{0f . @= k"0f{ ;GGof;
. #= 3Jojxf jf Jo:ttfaf6 lnOPsf] k"0f{ cjsfz . kllgi7f gf) [;+)] != clGtd 6u \ f] r
;Ldf kfsfi7f . @= k"0f{ kn] ePsf] 1fg k"0f{ 1fg . #= ko{j;fg . > kllgli7t lj) != clGt
6\uf] nfu]sf] rd ;Ldfdf ku]sf] . @= k"0f{tof lgk0f k"0f{ szn . klg c) lqm) [k\
!= vl;g emlg . @= kg]{ xg jf xf]Og . klGhf] gf) [;+) k|To~rf] wg jf unn ] Ldf
sfF8 jf d6f\uf| c8fP xfGgsf lglDt nufOPsf] 8f]L, a jf rf]ofsf] ;fwg tfFbf] k|To~r
f; gf) [;+)] != sg} jfSosf] cy{ k"f ug]{ sfd . @= ljz]if cy{ k"f xg] sfJosf] 36gf
jf :yn . klkSj lj) [;+)] != fd|L kfs]sf] k"0f{tof kSj . @= fd|L kr]sf] . #= fd|L
eO;s]sf] . $= Jojxfdf vflPsf] jf dflemPsf] k|f}9 . %= eStef]uL cgejL . ^= sfo{sz 
n k|jL0f . &= lglZrt lg0fL{t . tf gf) klkSj xgfsf] efj, u0f jf ljz]iftf klkSj eP
cj:yf jf l:ylt . klkq gf) [;+)] != ljrf, ;"rgf, hfgsfL cflbsf lglDt ;DalGwt w]} JolQ
m, ;+:yf, c\u jf ljefunfO{ Ps} a]xf]fdf k7fOg] cflwsfls kq (;s{n) . @= sg} ;+:yf j
f bnsf] p2]Zo, ljrf, sfo{k|0ffnL cflbsf d"n lgod n]lvPsf] kq . #= sg} ljifodf s
g} ;+:yf jf bnn] lnlvt kdf k|s6 u]sf] ;Ddlt jf ljrf . $= fi6xsf ;jf]{Rr :tdf ePsf sf
] a]xf]f ;j{;fwf0fnfO{ cjut ufpg] kq (h:t} dlGqkl/ifb\sf] klkq) . klkGr gf) [;+) k|k
rfFhf]kfFhf] k|k~r klkf7 . > klkGr] lj) rfFhf]kfFhf] ldnfpg] kl/kf7] .
742

klkGy gf) [;+)] != af6f] 5]Sg] JolSt dfu{afws cjf]ws . @= zq . > klkGyL lj) != af6f
]Sg] jf f]Sg] . @= k|lts"n cfr0f ug]{ lj?4 cfr0f ug]{ . gf) #= zq b:dg j}L klkGy
gf) [;+)] != fd|L kfSg] jf ksfpg] sfd . @= kRg] jf xhd xg] lqmof . #= k"0f{ kn] lj
sl;t ePsf] cj:yf k|f}9tf . $= kl0ffd kmn . %= lgk0ftf k|jL0ftf bIftf . klkfl6klkf6
[;+)] != klxn]b]lv rlncfPsf] qmd l;nl;nf l9 .@= k|0ffnL k4lt k|yf . #= tlsf Llt . $
{ 9fFrf . %= z}nL d]nf] . klkf7 gf) [;+)] != gfnLa]nL nfpFb} rnfvL;fy sf ldnfP eGg]
f pNn]v ug]{ sfdsfObf . @= ;Lk snf . #= klk~r rfFhf] klkf6L . $= Jofjxfls bIftf jf j
k6tf . > klkf7] lj) klkf7 ug]{ rfFhf] ldnfpg] . klkfns gf) [;+)] fd|L kfngkf]if0f
JolSt klkfng ug]{ JolSt ;+Ifs . klkfng gf) [;+)] fd|L kfngtfng ug]{ sfd ;+If0f .
kfngkf]if0f cflb ug]{ sfd . > klkfngf gf) klkfng . klkfngLo lj) fd|L kfng ug{ of]Uo
klkfnlotf lj) [;+)] fd|L kfNg] . klkflnt lj) [;+)] fd|L kflnPsf] . klkfNo lj) [;+
]if0f ug{ of]Uo . klki6 lj) [;+)] != fd|L kfngkf]if0f ulPsf] . @= clt ki6 x[i6ki6
#= k|df0fk|do ] ff ;To k|dfl0ft . > klkli6 gf) != ;kf]if0f . @= fd|f] kfngkf]if0f
#= sg} dt jf ljrfsf] ;Totfsf] lgldQ cfjZos cfwf jf b[i6fGt kli6 . klk"hgklk"hf gf
;+)] ;a} c\udf jf ljlw kofP k"hf ug]{ sfd . > klk"hgLo lj) fd|L k"hf ug{ of]Uo . kl
t lj) [;+)] fd|L k"lht . klk"Ho lj) [;+)] klk"hgLo . klk"s lj) [;+)] != k"f ug]{
kfg]{ . @= fd|L eg],{ lgD7fpg] jf rNofpg] . #= ck"0f{ j:t, syg, sfo{ cflbnfO{ k"
0f{ ug]{ . klk"0f gf) [;+)] != k"f ug]{ jf klk"0f{ ug]{ lqmof . @= fd|L eg]{ sfd . #
dfKt ug]{ jf l;b\Wofpg] lqmof . > klk"0fLo lj) klk"0f{ ug{ nfos . klk"lt lj) [;+)] !
"0f{ ulPsf] jf k"f ulPsf] . @= k"f elPsf] . klk"0f{ lj) [;+)] !=fd|L elPsf] ele
k"f ulPsf] k"0f{ ePsf] . #= ;Gti6 t[Kt . $= rf}tkm{ ldn]sf] . tf gf) klk"0f{ xgfs
efj jf cj:yf . klk"lt{ gf) [;+)] != cfjZos ;a} j:txsf] k"lt{

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
743

klk[R5fkle|d klefljt lj) [;+)] != 6Dd ldn]sf] ;+oSt . @= fd|L ljrf ulPsf] uDeL
Psf] . #= rf}lt 9flsPsf] JofKt . klefJo lj) [;+)] xf]l;ofL jf ;f]r ug{ nfos . ~ wg g
!= 7"n7"nf pkof]uL of]hgf cflb lhDdf lng];u F lhDdf lbg]n] hdfgtsf kdf lng] clu|d
wf}6L (;]Sol6L) . @= 5fqxn] Iflt u]df gubL kdf ;f]wegf{ ug]{ p2]Zon] 5fq;Fu ;qfDedf
lnOPsf] clu|d wf}6L (cg]: { 6dgL) . klefifs lj)gf) [;+)] !=jftf{nfk jf sfsfgL ug]{ .
@= jStf efif0fstf{ . #= s;}dfly lgGbf tyf bf]iff]k0f ug]{ lgGbs . $= klefiff ug]{ (
JolSt) . klefif0f gf) [;+)] != sfsfgL jftf{nfk . @= bj{rg af]Ng] jf ufnL ug]{ sfd
. #= klefiffufO . klefiff gf) [;+)] != sg} zAb jf kbsf] cy{ jf efj lglZrt kdf :ki6 u
g]{ syg JofVof nIf0f . @= sg} sfsf] ;fdfGo u0f ljz]if u0f bjs } f] pNn]v uL lbO
Psf] klro . #= sg} j:tsf] :jk, u0f, ljz]iftf cflbsf] oyfy{ 1fg ufpg] nIf0f . $=
sg} zf:q jf ljBfsf If]qdf ljlzi6 cy{df k|oS  t xg] zAb kfleflifs zAb . %= cfk"m
n] k|of]u ugf{sf lglDt zf:qsfxn] r]sf ljlzi6 ;+1f . ^= sfsfgL jftf{nfk . &= 6Lsf Jof
of . > kleflift lj) != klefiff ulPsf] klefiff lbOPsf] . @= fd|L elgPsf] . klefifL
|L af]Ng] jf efif0f ug]{ . @= klefiff lbg] jf ug]{ . klefio lj) != klefiff ug{ jf ulg
of]Uo . @= eGg nfos . kleSt lj) [;+)] != klef]u ulPsf] jf fd|L ef]luPsf] cgej ulP
@= pkef]u ulPsf] pkeSt . kle"if0f gf) [;+)] != fd|L ;hfpg] jf z[\uf ug]{ sfd . @=
Ps k|b]zsf] cfDbfgL ljkIfL b]znfO{ lbP ulPsf] ;lGw jf ldnfkq . kle"lift lj) [;+)] !
= fd|L ;hfOPsf] jf l;FuflPsf] . @= kle"if0f ulPsf] . klef]Stf lj) [;+)] != klef]u u
@= ljgfclwsf csf{sf] j:t jf wgsf] pkef]u ug]{ . gf) #= klef]u ug]{ JolSt . klef]u
gf) [;+)] != ef]u ug]{ sfd pkef]u . @= d}yg :qLk|;\u . #= sg} j:t jf wg ljgfclws
f pkef]u ug]{ sfd . kle|d gf) [;+)] != otfplt 3Dg] sfd rf}tkm{ 3Dg] sfd . @= 3dfpf
] tlsf;Fu sg} sf] eGg] sfd . #= e|d e"n . $= sg} j:tsf] k|l;4 gfd glnP u0f, ;Da
Gw, pkof]u cflbff ulg] ;\st ] . > kle|d0f gf) = rf}lt 3Dg] jf rSs nufpg] sfd . @=
hfg] jf 3dlkm ug]{ sfd . #= kllw 3]f] .

;Gtf]ifhgs jf kof{{Kt k"lt{ . @= fd|f] k"lt{ . #= sg} sfo{ cflb ;DkGg ug]{ lqmof
. $= Pp6fsf] Ifltdf sg} csf]{ lqmofsnfkff k"f ulg] ljlw Ifltk"lt{ ug]{ sfd lauf]ef
]S;fgL k"f ug]{ sfd . klk[R5f gf) [;+)] != pT;stfjz ulPsf] k|Zg ;jfn cfu|xk"0f{ ;f]w
5 . @= hfgsfL ulg] lqmof . ~ u[x gf) sg} klg sfdsfsf] ;f]wk5 ug]{ jf kQf nufpg] s
fof{no ;"rgfu[x ;"rgfljefu . klkf]if gf) [;+)] klkf]if0f . > klkf]if0f gf) kfngkf]
]{ lqmof ;+If0f . klkf]lift lj) fd|L kfngkf]if0f ulPsf] :ofxf;Def ulPsf] klki
[;+)] != kf:kls cGtnfO{ ;fwf0ftM cfFvfn] 7Ls;Fu b]lvg] uL lrqsnfdf n]lvg] b[Zo, kbfy
{ Pj+ JolStxsf] c\sg . @= cfFvfn] e]6];Ddsf] x]fO . #= cfFvfn] x]bf{ b]lvg] sg} kl
g j:tsf] k . $= ;fd jf ;dIfsf] b[Zo, jftfj0f jf kll:ylt . %= ;fdGg]sf] b[Zo, jft
fj0f, kll:ylt jf ;d:ofnfO{ x]g]{ vf; b[li6sf]0f . ^= ;Gbe{ k|; . klk|i ] f0f gf) [;+)
!= fd|f];Fu k7fpg] sfd . @= lgsfNg] sfd lgjf{;g . #= b"t, xnsff cflbnfO{ rf}lt k7fpg
] sfd . klk|l] ift lj) [;+)] != fd|L k7fOPsf] k|l] ift . @= lgsflnPsf] lgjf{l;t . #=
ofluPsf] ToSt . klk|i ] o lj) [;+)] != klk|]if0f ug{ of]Uo . gf) @= gf]s 6xnjf . kl
lKnfjg gf) [;+)] != hyfefjL kf]Vg] jf kf}8L v]Ng] lqmof . @= gfp 8u \ f . #= af9L e]
n . $= cTofrf . %= b|f]0fsnzaf6 ;f]d; lemSg] kfq . > klKnfljt lj) != kfgL cflbn] a];L
leh]sf] lgy|Ss leh]sf] . @= rn{Dd 8a]sf] klKnj jf klKnfjg ePsf] . klaGb gf) [;+)
klaGw] != cf}krfls sf0f, x]t jf a]xf]f . @= f]sfj6 k|ltaGw . #= 36gfrqmaf6 sg} lsl;
n] :jtM cfOkg]{ sfd jf sf] rf}ltaf6 kmGbfdf kg]{ sfd . $= sfstfnL, ;+of]u . klaGwkl
g gf) [;+)] != s;] afFWg] sfd . @= f]sfj6 k|ltaGw . #= rf}3]fdf k] kmTsg g;Sg] l:yl
kleIf0f gf) [;+)] ePesf] hlt ;a} vfg] sfo{ ePhlt ;a} eIf0f ug]{ lqmof ;ofk;?k . kl
ft lj) [;+)] k"} eIf0f ulPsf] ;ofk;?k kflPsf] . klej gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ lt:sf
gGbf . @= cgfb x]nf . #= kfho xf kfej . klefjgf gf) [;+)] != ljrf lrGtg . @= lrG
#= ;flxTodf cltzo pT;stf pTkGg ug]{ kb jf jfSo .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kle|i6klk kle|i6 lj) [;+)] != hflt jf wd{af6 v;]sf] kltt . @= xfPsf] a]kQf ePsf] .
]sf] knflot . kle|f6 gf) [;+) kle|fh\] != dl:sn sl7gfO . @= si6 x}fgL . #= cleeff
sfdsfhsf] eL8 . %= 7"nf] cfof]hgf . ^= ;Feflng;Sg Jojxf . lj) &= Jofks 7"nf] . {
fsf . gf) @= kld08n lj) [;+)] != af6nf] jf uf]nf] jtn 3]f] kllw (ljz]iftM j[Qfsf)
;"o{ jf rGb|dfsf rf}ltsf] k|sfzdfg uf]nfsf lk08 uf]ns k|efd08n . tf gf) uf]nfO . >
08nfsf lj) j[Qfsf uf]nfsf . kld08lnt lj) uf]nfsf kflPsf] af6nf] agfOPsf] . kldb
!= a];L 3f]6\g] sfd u8fO . @= gfz ug]{ lqmof ljgfz . #= v"a;Fu df8\g] sfd df8d8 ug]
{ lqmof . kldlb{t lj) [;+)] kldb{g ulPsf] dfl8Psf] . kldn gf) [;+)] != fd|f];Fu dNg
df8\g] sfd . @= sdsd, rGbg cflb 3f]6 ] agfOPsf] ;ulGwt kbfy{ zLdf bNg] jf nufpg]
sfd . #= To;L zLdf blnPsf] jf nufOPsf] kbfy{af6 cfpg] dL7f] af:gf . $= k"mn cflbaf
6 lg:sg], jlkl k}mlnPsf] dudu jf; . %= ;jf; ;uGw v:a . ^= d}yg ;Def]u . &= kl08t
jf ljfg\xsf] ;d"x kl08td08nL . > kldlnt lj) k"mn cflbsf] af:gf lkmFhfOPsf] ;ulGwt
fl;t . > kldn] lj) a];L l;Fufk6f ug]{ w]} l;Fuf kfg]{ (cfOdfO{) . kldf0f gf) [;+)
gfKg], eg],{ cflb lqmofff lgsflng] sg} j:tsf] ux| F u \ f]kg, lj:tf, 3gTj cflbsf
] dfg gfktf}n jf efO gfkf] dfqf . > kldf0fs gf) != gfktf}n kldf0f . lj) @= kldf0f;
kldf0fL lj) kldf0foSt . kldftf lj) [;+)] kldf0f l:y ug]{ gfktf}n ug]{ gfkhf]v ug
Qm) . kldfu{ gf) [;+)] sg} rLhsf] rf}ltsf] dfu{ jf af6f] klky . > kldfu{0f gf) vf]
hva . kldfuL{ lj) vf]hva ug]{ kQf nufpg] . kldfh{s lj) [;+)] != kldfh{g ug]{ . @= w
fNg] . #= ;kmf;U3 ug]{ . kldfh{g gf) [;+)] != fd|L wg,] kvfNg], ;kmf ug]{ jf :jR5 k
g]{ sfd . @= n]vrgfdf x]sf bf]if, ql6 cflbnfO{ x6fP fd|f] tNofpg] sfd . #= u0ffTd
s ljsf; jf klisf . $= sg} ldl>t j:tnfO{ f;folgs ljlwff lgSv jf rf]vf] kfg]{ sfd . k
flh{t lj) [;+)] != fd|L wf]OkvfnL ulPsf] :jR5 jf ;kmf kflPsf] . @= bf]if, ql6 cflb x
fP 7Ls ulPsf] kldfh{g ulPsf] klis[t .
744

klldt lj) [;+)] != gflkPsf] jf tf}lnPsf] gfktf}n ulPsf] gfkf] lnOPsf] . @= kldf0fdf 3
L jf a9L geO{ 7Ls dfqf ePsf] l7Sssf] . #= ;Lldt . $= yf]} cToNk . > klldtfo lj) k"f
fo gxg] jf gePsf] cNkfo . klldtfxf lj) yf]} vfg] cNk cfxf ePsf] . klldlt gf) !=
fkf] . @= cjlw . #= ;Ldf . klldng gf) [;+)] != e]63f6 ;+of]u ldng . @= 5g] sfd :kz{u
O . klldlnt lj) [;+)] != fd|L ldn]sf] ;+oSt . @= e]63f6 ulPsf] . kldSt lj) [;+)]
St ePsf] pGdSt k"} :jR5Gb . > kldlSt gf) fd|L ePsf] dlSt pGdlSt . kld]o lj) [
ldf0f lng of]Uo . @= tf}ng nfos .#= gfk, tf}n jf uGtL ug{ ;lsg] . $= yf]} cNk . %=
;Lldt . kldf]If gf) [;+)] != k"0f{ kn] kfPsf] dlQm lgjf{0f . @= 5f]8\g] sfd klTofu .
#= lb;f ug]{ sfd dnTofu . $= lji0f . > kldf]If0f gf) != kldf]If . @= g]tLwf}tLff zL
eqL cjoj ;kmf ug]{ Ps of}lus ljlw . klDnfg lj) [;+)] != Psbd Dnfg lgGofpf] ofpf] . @
f]OnfPsf] cf]NofdNof k]sf] . klDnfoL lj) [;+)] != x]) klDnfg . gf) @= cfFvfsf gfgLdf
bf eO{ ;j{q kx]Fnf] jf ltld pHofnf] xg] Ps f]u t}ldls . klof gf) [;+) kljf] != k
fO{Fsf] Ps y . :qL) klofgL{ . klof]hs gf) [;+)] klof]hgf tof kfg]{ klof]hgfsf . kl
) [;+)] != sg} klg ljifoj:tsf] ;Dk"0f{tfnfO{ Wofgdf fvL ;f];DaGwL sfo{ ;DkGg ug
{sf lglDt agfOPsf] of]hgf (k|fh ] S ] 6) . @= dgdf ;f]r] cufl8 cfpg] l:yltsf] cg
dfg nufP ulPsf] of]hgf jf klsNkgf . klof]lht lj) [;+)] klof]hgf tof kflPsf] . klI
)] ;a}ltaf6 Iff ug]{ jf arfpg] ;+Ifs ;Ifs . klIf0f gf) [;+)] != rf}ltaf6 ulg]
0f{ Iff . @= sg} rncrn ;DklQ ;rf? kn] fVg] sfd jf ;f] af]df nfUg] vr{sf] sd . > kl
fLo lj) klIf0f ug{ of]Uo ;+If0fLo . kllIft lj) [;+)] rf}ltaf6 Iff ulPsf] ;lI
. kllIftfklIfL lj) [;+)] k"0f{ kn] Iff ug]{ klIfs . klk gf) [;+)] != efjL sfo
g} ;f]lrPsf] k]vf k|fk . @= sg} snfTds s[lt jf ;hfj6;DaGwL k"j{sNkgf . #= ;f]cg;f
sk8f, sf7 cflbdfly k"mn, af

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
745

klnlIftklj[Q kljt{g xg jf ug{ of]Uo x]k]m ug{ nfos . @= kljt{gsf] cwLgdf x]sf] .
j) [;+)] != kljt{g ulPsf] cbnabn ulPsf] . @= ;fkf ulPsf] ljlgdo ulPsf] . #= 3dfOP
= kms]{sf] lkm]sf] . ~ ls0f gf) sg} kfjTo{ j:tdf k] kms]{sf] ls0f . kljlt{gL gf
= efb|s[i0f PsfbzL . lj) @= 3Dg] rSs dfg]{ kljt{gzLn . kljTo{ lj) [;+)] != kljt{g u
;lsg] x]k]m ug{ ;lsg] . @= ;f6\g ;lsg] ljlgdo ug{ ;lsg] . klj4{g gf) [;+)] fd|L a9\
mof ;k|g] k|lqmof klj[l4 . kljl4{t lj) [;+)] klj4{g ulPsf] jf ePsf] . kljxg gf) [;
sg} j:t Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf af]s] n}hfg] sfd . @= df]6, uf8f, hxfh cflbff Ps 7f
pFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf dfn;fdfg ;fg]{ sfd . #= tn kbfy{sf c0f tft]kl5 lr;f c0fnfO{ t
tfpFb} n}hfg] tn kbfy{df xg] tfksf] k|;f0f . ~ vr{ gf) kljxg jf dfn;fdfgsf] cf];fk;f
f nfUg] vr{ . ~ Joj:yfks gf) ]n, df]6, hxfh cflb ;jfLuf8Laf6 cfjthfjt ug]{ ofqL tyf
dfn;fdfgsf kljxgsf] Joj:yf ug]{ clwsfL . kljfb gf) [;+)] != s;}k|lt ulg] x]nf lgGbf
b . @= l;sfot . > kljfbs lj) != kljfb jf lgGbf ug]{ lgGbs . @= d2f n8\g] jfbL . #= j
0ff ahfpg] . kljflbgL gf) ;ftj6f tf xg] Ps k|sfsf] jL0ff afhf . kljfbL lj) != lgGbf
g]{ ckjfb lkmFhfpg] . @= kljfbs . kljf gf) [;+)] != ut, jLo{, gftf, 3, cgs"ntf j}
;DaGwn] ;+oSt ePsf dflg;sf] ;d"x . @= Pp6} efG;fdf vfg] 3sf dflg;xsf] ;d"x hxfg .
#= gftfbf s6Da cflbsf] ;d"x . $= ;hftLo JolStxsf] ;d"x ju{ . %= sg} fhf jf wgjfg
\sf cf>odf xg] dflg;xsf] ;d"x cfl>t hg klhg . ~ lgof]hg gf) kljfdf 5f]f5f]Lsf] ;
lbg] sfd ;Gtfg pTkfbgdf ulg] lgoGq0f ;Gtltlgu|x . klljQ gf) [;+)] bfhsf] ljjfx guLsg
ljjfx ePsf] (efO) . > klljlQ gf) bfhsf] eGbf klxn] ePsf] efOsf] ljjfx . klljxf gf) [
;+)] c3fpFhL otfplt 8Ng] jf 3dlkm ug]{ sfd rf}lt 3dlkm ug]{ lqmof . klj[Q lj) [;+
!= 3dfOPsf], lfOPsf] jf kmsf{OPsf] . @= x]k]m ulPsf] ablnPsf] . #= 3]lPsf] a]lPsf
6t . gf) $= cfln\ug cFufnf] . %= sg} sfo{, 36gf cflbaf] csf] hfgsfLsf lglDt k|:tt u
lg] ;\lIfKt ljj0f . > klj[lQ gf) != 3Dg] sfd k]mf] nufpg] sfd . @= 3]fO a]xf | O
. #= cbnabn kljt{g abnfO .

jf o:t} sf agfpg] ljz]if ;Lk jf 9\u kf\sg l8hfOg . > klks gf) kf\sg ug]{ jf k
St gS;f cflb agfpg] JolSt k|fks . klnlIft lj) [;+)] != jl/kl/sf j:tl:yltaf6 nv sfl6P
sf] . @= rfx]sf] vf]h]sf] . #= b]vfOPsf] lglb{i6 . $= nIo u]sf] tfs]sf] . klnIo gf) [
+)] != ;f]rljrfk"js { lgwf{lt jf :jLs[t nIo lglb{i6 p2]Zo . lj) @= klnlIft ug{ of]Uo
. kln\3g gf) [;+)] != pk|m ] sg} j:t jf cUnf] 7fpF gfg] sfd . @= pNn\3g . kln\l
[;+)] gfl3Psf] pNn\3g ulPsf] . klnAw lj) [;+)] cltlSt kdf pknJw ePsf] . > klnlAw
f{lt j]tg jf j[lQb]lv afx]s lbOg] eQf jf zNs cgnfe cltlSt cfDbfgL . klnfe gf) [;+)]
sg} kbdf xL sfd ubf{ ;]jf cflbsf] sf0f j]tgafx]s ePsf] pkl nfe (k:sf cflb) . kllnlv
lj) [;+)] rf}lt ]vf cflbn] 3]lPsf] j[Qn] 3]lPsf] . kln]v gf) [;+)] != ]vflrq vfsf
f] clwsfL ePsf 7fpFdf k7fOg] sg} sfsf] ljj0f . klj~rgklj~rgf gf) [;+)] csf{nfO{ km
{kmNofO{sg 7Ug] sfd . > klj~rgLo lj) klj~rgfsf] nfos 7Ug nfos . kljl~rt lj) [;+)] km
fP 7luPsf] jl~rt kflPsf] . kljh{g gf) [;+)] sg} j:t, 7fpF cflbnfO{ fd|};Fu 5f8\g] s
d klTofu . kljh{gLo lj) fd|};Fu 5f8\g of]Uo klTofu ug{ nfos . kljlh{t lj) [;+)] f
l8Psf] klTofu ulPsf] . kljt{s lj) [;+)] != 3Dg] jf rSs vfg] . @= 3dfpg] lFufpg] .
kf ug]{ ljlgdo ug]{ . $= ousf] cGt ug]{ gofF ou cfDe ug]{ . kljt{g gf) [;+)] != Ps
k, cj:yf, u0f cflbaf6 csf{ yL k, cj:yf, u0f cflbdf ablng] jf kfGtlt xg] lqmof x]
bnfabnL . @= pkof]lutfsf] ljrf uL sg} j:tnfO{ a9fpg] jf gofF k lbg] sfd ;wfg]{ sf
d . #= ;f6k]m ljlgdo . $= k]mf] rSs . %= rSs nufpg] sfd kle|d0f . ^= jls{gk ] mls{g
. &= sg} kfgf] ousf] cGt gofF ousf] cfDe . jfb gf) sg} klg rlnx]sf] kDkf, l
;fdflhs agf]6sf] 9fFrf cflb sf kll:yltcg;f ablnxgk5{ eGg] ljrf . jfbL lj) != kl
jfbk|lt ljZjf; ug]{ . gf) @= kljt{gjfbsf] cgofoL . zLn lj) kll:yltcg;f kljt{g eOx
]k]m jf cbnLabnL ug{ ;lsg] . > kljt{gLo lj) !=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

klj[4kl;]jgkl;]jf $= ;fkf ljlgdo . %= 36L a9L j:tsf] ;f6k]m ePsf] j0f{g ubf{ kg
{n\sf . ^= Ps zAbsf 7fpFdf pxL cy{ JoSt ug{ csf]{ zAb k|of]u ug]{ cyf{t\ kof{ojfrL
zAb fVg] sfd . (h:tf] sdnnf]rg sf :yfgdf kb\dgog, r0fsdn sf :yfgdf kfbkb\d O)
[;+)] != v"a a9]sf] xnxnL a9]sf] fd|f];Fu a9]sf] . @= k"} kfsf] . > klj[l4 gf) fd|
g] lqmof ;Dos\ j[l4 xNsfO . klj]Qf gf) [;+)] != bfhsf] eGbf klxn] ljjfx ug]{ efO .
@= bfhsf] eGbf klxn] clUgxf]qL u|x0f ug]{ efO klljQ . klj]z gf) [;+)] != rf}ltaf6 eP
f] 3]fO klj]i6g . @= ;"o{ jf rGb|dfsf rf}lt b]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] d08n ;ef . #= kllw ;
= jftfj0f . klj]i6s lj) [;+)] klj]i6g ug]{ rf}ltaf6 3]g]{ . klj]i6g gf) [;+)] != j
g]{ sfd rf}ltsf] 3]fO 5]sfO nk]6fO a]x|fO . @= kllw 3]f . klj]li6t lj) [;+)] !=
] 5]sff] dflPsf] . @= 9flsPsf] cfR5flbt . klj|fhklj|fhs gf) [;+)] 3af6 5f8] ;GGof
lSt ;GGof;L . kllzi6 lj) [;+)] != afFsL x]sf] z]if cjlzi6 . gf) @= k:ts, u|Gy cflbsf
d"n efudf 56g \ uO{ cGtlt flvPsf] afFsL sf :ki6 kfg]{ c+z k"s c+z . #= afFsL x]sf]
fu cjlzi6 c+z . $= ykjf c+z . > kllzi6f\s gf) sg} kqklqsf cflbsf] lgoldt jf clgold
t kn] k|sflzt ulg] cltlSt c\s klqsf cflbsf] cltlStf\s . klzLng gf) [;+)] != sg} l
fd|L cWoog ug]{ sfd dggk"js { sf] cWoog . @= 5g] jf :kz{ ug]{ lqmof . klzLlnt lj) [
;+)] ljrfk"js { cWoog ulPsf] klzLng ulPsf] . klz]if gf) [;+)] != ar]vr]sf] j:t cj
. @= ;dfkg jf ;dflKt . klzf]w gf) [;+)] klzf]wg . > klzf]wg gf) != fd|L ePsf] zl4
f ;+zf]wg . @= C0f cflb ltg]{ sfd rStf . > klzf]lwt lj) klzf]w ulPsf] . kl>d gf) [
!= ysfO nfUg] uL ulg] sfd pBd ldlxg]t . @= ysfO >d SnflGt . > kl>dL lj) kl>d ug]{
kl>j0f gf) [;+)] zAbsf] lgLIf0f jf cWoog ug]{ lqmof . kl>fGt lj) [;+)] w]} yfs]sf]
kQg ePsf] cltylst . > kl>flGt gf) Hofbf dfqfdf nfu]sf] ysfO ulnkQg cj:yf .
746

kl>fjs gf) [;+)] zAbsf] lgLIf0f cWoog ulg] oGq . kl>t lj) [;+)] v"a gfd rn]sf] lj
|l;4 . klifb\ gf) [;+)] != k|frLg sfndf fhfxf/f cTofjZos sfddf af]nfOg] ljlzi6 ;ef f
f . @= ;ef ;ldlt . #= rlgPsf JolSt jf lgjf{lrt ;b:oxsf] ;ef . $= ;d"x d08nL . klisf
f) [;+)] != sg} j:tnfO{ fd|L vfg]{ jf z4 kfg]{ sfd ;+:sf zl4 . @= sg} sfdf x]s
f]if, ql6nfO{ x6fP ;Gb, :jR5 ?lrk"0f{ agfpg] sfd . #= :jR5tf lgd{ntf . $= cn\sf c
if0f . %= z[\uf ;hfj6 . klis[t lj) [;+)] cklis[t j:tnfO{ klisf ulPsf] ;+:sf ul
. @= z4 kflPsf] ;+zf]lwt ljz4 . > klis[lt gf) klis[t xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf klisf
b gf) [;+)] bO{ jf bOe { Gbf a9L JolSt, jStf jf ljfg\xsf aLrdf sg} sf, ljifo cfl
baf] k|foM vf; vf; cj;df xg] ts{;\ut jf ljrfk"0f{ jfbljjfb To;L ;f}xfb|k { 0 " f{k
g] dxjk"0f{ ;+jfb jf sfsfgL . kl;\Vof gf) [;+)] != uGtL u0fgf . @= Ps 7fpFaf6 sg} j
tnfO{ lgif]w u] csf{ 7fpFdf :yfkgf ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . > kl;\Vofg gf) != uGg] s
GtL u0fgf . @= klxn] g} ulg] cgdfg 7Ls cgdfg . kl;l~rt lj) [;+)] ;Gtf]ifhgs kdf ;~r
ulPsf] ;l~rt . kl;dfkg gf) [;+)] sg} sfdsff]afsf] ;dflKt fd|L ;dfkg xg] lqmof
lj) [;+)] fd|L 6U \ ofOPsf] kl;dfkg ulPsf] . kl; gf) [;+)] != gbL, ;x, kj{t cflb
df x]sf] hldg . @= cf;kf; l5d]s . #= 3]f . $= sDkfpG8 . > kl;s lj) != 8njf . @= ko{
s . kl;0f gf) rf}lt 3Dg] sfd ko{6g . kl;k{kl;k{0f gf) [;+)] != ;k{sf] h:t} af\u
t lxF8g \ ] jf 3Dg] sfd . @= 8nlkm ug]{ sfd 3dlkm ko{6g . > kl;lk{t lj) 3d]sf]
sf] . kl;fGTjgkl;fGTjgf gf) [;+)] fd|f; ] u F ;DemfO{ae  mfO{ lbOg] ;fGTjgf . kl;Ldg
f) [;+)] sg} :yfg, If]q, k|b]z, fi6 cflbsf] ;Ldf l:y ug]{ sfd ;Ldflgwf{0f ;Ldf\sg .
Ldf gf) [;+)] != rf}lt lgwf{lt ulPsf] ;Ldf rf}x2L . @= clGtd ;Ldf kfsfi7f . > kl;L
kl;Ldg . kl;"rs lj) [;+)] rf}lt ;"rgf k|;f ug]{ 7fpF7fpFdf sg} ljifosf] ;"rgf lbg]
kl;]jgkl;]jf gf) [;+)] ljz]if kdf ulPsf] ;]jf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
747

kll:yltk]tf sfd . @= kfv ug]{ sfd . ~ sfn gf) sg} gofF sd{rfL ;DalGwt sfdsf lglDt of
Uo 5 5}g egL kfv ug]{ lglZrt cjlw . ~ btf{ gf) 5 dlxgfsf] cjlwsf lglDt ulg] btf{ .
kLIfdf0f lj) [;+)] != kLIf0fsfndf flvPsf] . @= kLIff eOx]sf] . kLIff gf) [;+)] != o
f, ljz]iftf, ;fdYo{, u0f cflbsf] :t lg0f{o ug{sf lglDt 7Lsl;t kfv ug]{ sfd hfFr ug
]{ sfd hfFr hFrfO . @= sg} j:tsf] u0f, bf]if cflbsf] cgej ug{sf lglDt ulPsf] k|
of]u kfv . #= k|frLg Gofofnodf cleoQm jf ;fIfLsf] ;RrfO hfFRg] lqmof lbJokLIff . $=
ts{, k|df0f cflbaf6 sg} j:tsf oyfy{ tjsf] lgk0f ug]{ sfd lgikIftf . ~ lgoGqs gf)
 gf) kLIff ;DaGwL kLIff ljefusf] pRr clws[t . ~ k|dv sfd ug]{ k|dv clwsfL . ~ ejg
gf) kLIffyL{xn] kLIff lbg] 3 jf 7fpF kLIffno . > kLIffyL{ gf) kLIff lbg] JolQm k
xg] JolQm . ~ k/LIffno gf) kLIff:yn k/LIffejg . ~ ljefu gf) kLIff;DaGwL sfdsff] j f
g ] ljefu . ~ zfvf gf) lzIf0f;+ : yfcGtu{ t sf k| z f;lgs lgsfoxdWo] s f] kLIff;DaG
wL sfdsff]af ulg] kmfF6 jf ljefu . ~ ;~rfns gf) kLIff ;~rfng ug]{ clwsfL . ~ ;~rfng
kLIff;DaGwL sfd . ~ :yn gf) kLIffejg kLIffno . kLlIft\ gf) [;+)] dxfeftk|l;4 ch{g
flt tyf cledGosf] 5f]f] ;k{o1 ug]{ hgd]hosf] afa . kLlIft lj) [;+)] != kLIff ulPsf]
fFr lnOPsf] hfFlrPsf] . @= kfv ulPsf] . kLIo lj) [;+)] kLIff ug{ of]Uo hfFr ug{ nfos
k?t\ lqm) lj) [;+)] kf]xf] ut jif{ . k?if lj) [;+)] != s7f] s8f . @= vf] ss{z clk|
tLj| pu| . $= lgi7 lgb{o . %= gL; ;ljxLg . > k?iffIf lj) s8f vf] zAb k|of]u ug]
j[lQ gf) jL;sf lglDt pkoSt, cf]hu0fk|wfg, 6juL{o lTjLe"t tyf ;+oQm j0f{sf ;fy} ]km
, z, if cflb s7f] j0f{ nfdfnfdf ;df;oQm zAbff sfJosf] rgf ug]{ Ps Llt . k?iff]lQm
lgi7 jrg s7f] af]nL . k]lvof gf) [kfv Oof] c8\8fvfgfdf Tgx c ljz]if j:tsf] kf
fL sd{rfL klvof . k]7k]8 gf) [c\) Kof]8] ;}lgsxsf] tflnd jf lzIff sjfob . k]tf
t] ;fsL{n] 5fnf lk6\tf tnlt flvg] 9\uf] .

kll:ylt gf) [;+)] != sg} 36gf, sfd cflbsf] jf:tljs tyf ts{;\ut cj:yf . @= sg} b]z
, ;+:yf jf JolStsf] xfnt l:ylt cj:yf . #= ;d;fdlos jftfj0faf6 l;lh{Psf] l:ylt . kl:k
m0f gf) [;+)] != 5lPsf aLp cflb pld|P 6;f] lg:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= k"mn cflbs
f] sf]lknf] knfpg] lqmof . #= ljz]if k|sfn] sfFKg] lqmof . $= leqaf6 efj, ljrf cfl
bsf] :km0f xg] sfd :d[lt jf ;Demgf . kl;|jkl;|fj gf) [;+)] != rf}ltaf6 jf a];L r
qmof . @= aRrf hGdg] sfd . klxl;t lj) [;+)] klxf; ulPsf] pkxf; ulPsf] . klxf gf) [
k"0f{ Tofu klTofu . @= bf]if jf clgi6 sfxnfO{ x6fpg] jf kmfNg] sfd . #= o4df nl6
Psf] wg;DklQ . $= sg} ss[Tosf] k|folZrQ . %= cgfj[li6 cflb ;\s6sf sf0fn] s jf nufg
Lsf] AofhdfkmL . ^= b08 jf C0f cflbdf ulPsf] ;xlnot . & arfpg] jf k|of]u gug]{ l
qmof hu]gf{ . *= sg} ljifosf ;DaGwdf ulPsf] v08g . > klxfs lj) klxf ug]{ klxfL .
= klx0f ug]{ ckx0f ug]{ . @= klxf ug]{ . Gff) #= Tofu 5f]8fO . $= x6fpg] sfd lgjf0
o{ lj) != klx0f ug{ of]Uo ckx0f ug{ ;lsg] . @= TofUg ;lsg] klTofHo . #= x6fpg ;lsg]
pg nfos lgjf0fLo . klxf; gf) [;+)] != xfF;f] Vofn7f pkxf; lbNnuL . @= dgf]ljgf]b ug
d v]n qmL8f . > klxf;s lj) pkxf; ug]{ Vofn7f ug]{ xF;Ldhfs ug]{ lbNnuL ug]{ lv;L j
6pL ug]{ . klxf:o lj) klxf; jf pkxf; ug{ nfos Vofn7f ug{ ;lsg] . kL! gf) [;+) k|lt]
lsf sfObf 9f{ 9fFrf . @= yL k|sf . (pbf) pgL;Fu kLkLsf sf ug{ s;n] ;S5 ) kL@
j:tf j0f{g JofVof . @= nDa]rf}8] sf] a]nLlj:tf (pbf) pgL kL nfP sf ug{ l;kfn 5g
kL# gf) [kmf)] != kv]6f xg] Ps slNkt :qLhflt cK;f . @= kfgf bGTosyf, kf0f cflbdf j
0f{t, cfjZos kbf{ k|s6 xg] gkbf{ cb[Zo xg] zlSt ePsL ;GbL . #= clt fd|L ojtL kd;
GbL :qL . ~ syf gf) kzkIfL kfq ePsf] syf . kLIfs lj) [;+)] != sg} JolSt jf j:t ;
DalGwt ljifodf of]Uo 55}g egL rf}ltaf6 d"Nof\sg ug]{ hfFr ug]{ kLIff ug]{ kfvL . g
Iff lng] jf pQkl:tsf hfFRg] JolSt . kLIf0f gf) [;+)] != kLIff lng] sfd ;DalGwt ljifo
df of]Uo 55}g egL rf}tkmL{ d"Nof\sg ug]{ sfd hfFr ug]{

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k]tfk0f{ k]tf@ gf) [;+) klt] r\ufsf] wfuf] a]g]{ Ps vfnsf] nfO{ . k]tL gf) [k]tf
sl;dsf] k]tf . k]nf gf) [k]nf]sf] lt) )] x]) k]nf] . k]6L gf) k]nfsf] aGwg jf d]v
L! gf) [;+) k|x PnL > kfnf] PnL] s[ifsxsf] k:kdf v]tfnfsf] ;f6f;f6 ug]{ jf Ps csf{sf]
ullbg] k|lqmof v]tfnf] uP v]tfn} ltgk { g]{ uL nufOPsf] lg v]tfn] k}r F f] kd{ af
. k]nL@ gf) [;+) k|f0fL] :jf:gLnfO{ af]nfpFbfsf] dfgaf]ws zAb ljjflxtf :qL . k]nL# gf
) [k8]nL < ;+) kf7fjnL] wfdL jf emfFqmL ktg]{ a]nfdf pRrf0f ug]{ dGq . k]nL$k]n  gf
) [k]nf] O{p] k]nf] (uLt, nf]suLt sljtfdf emdemd k]nL, cfFv}df ufhn) k]nf] gf) [;
cfFvfsf] 9sgLsf kdf x]sf] l8ndf pd|]sf] f}F . k]jf! gf) [;+) k|ltkbf] cf}F;L jf k"l0
f{dfsf] ef]lnkN6sf] ltly k|ltkbf . k]jf@ gf) [;+) kffjt] xn];f] jf 9ssf cfsfsf] s]x
7"nf] ljleGg hftsf] k|l;4 kIfL 3/df kflng] zflGtsf] k|tLs dflgg] Ps k|sf/sf] kIfL
. ~ cfFvLcfv ] lj) k]jfsf h:tf cfFvf jf k]jfsf cfFvfh:t} a'f ePsf] (dflg; jf sk8f) .
~ 8fs gf) != k]jfff k7fOg] k'fgf] lsl;dsf] 8fFsJoj:yf (lkhgkf]:6) . @= af; a;]sf] k
k|To]s kxdf af;]sf] cfjfh . kf]Qm lj) [;+) ckf]Qm] unt sf] elgPsf] . ~ bf]if gf) Gof
fno cflbdf cglrt jf clzi6 aofg lbPafkt nfUg] bf]if . kf]If lj) [;+)] != cfFvfsf ;
fdGg] gePsf] ck|ToIf . @= ;f]emf] 9\un] gegL 3dfpf] kffn] elgPsf] . #= l5k]sf] uKt
. $= Jofs0fdf k"0f{ e"tsfn . %= pkdfg . ~ lgjf{rg gf) hgtfaf6 ;f]em} dtbfg geP ck|
ToIf tlsfff ufOg] rgfp hgtfn] dtbfg u] k7fPsf ;b:oxaf6 sfo{sfl0fLsf ;b:ox 5fGg]
nL . > kf]Iffy{ lj) cy{ jf clek|fo x:ok"0f{ x]sf] cy{ uDeL ePsf] ;lhn} ag g;lsg] .
gf) [;+)] csf{sL :jf:gL k:qL . kf]ksf gf) [;+)] csf{sf] pksf kfO{sf] enf] xg] sfd
) csf{sf] pksf ug]{ csf{sf] enf] ug]{ . ~ ;+:yf gf) cgfy jf bLgbMvLxsf] pksf ug]{ ;+
:yf . > kf]ksfL lj) kf]ksf ug]{ kf]ksfs . kf]ks[t lj) [;+)] cff pksf ulPsf]
748

ulPsf] . kf]khLjL lj) [;+)] != csf{n] lbPsf] vfP hLljsf ug]{ csf{sf edf afFRg] kfGg
. gf) @= csf{sf] c\uaf6 vfB j:t r; ] afFRg] jg:klt (P]Fh]?, ;gfvL, O)) jf sLf (h
sf, lsgf{, hd|f O)) . kf]kb]z gf) [;+)] != csf{nfO{ dfq pkb]z lbg] sfd csf{nfO{ c
tL{ lbg] sfd . @= csf{ff lbOPsf] pkb]z jf ctL{ . kf}7 fkf}7f gf) [;+) k|f]6s] ux'F
L7f]nfO{ l3p bNb} a]n] kq}kq kfL k]ml k6fO{ a]L l3p nufpFb} ksfOg] ljz]if k|sfsf] f]
q] f]6L . ksf{n gf) [kmf) kmsfn] uf]n jf cGo ljljw lsl;dsf ]vf lvFRg] Ps ;fwg ssf{6f]
. kv{g ;) lqm) [;+) k|tLIf0f] != s;}sf] af6f] x]g{ k|tLIff ug{ . @= sg} yfn]sf
] sfd f]s] jf :ylut u] s;}sf] k|tLIff ug{ . #= kVg af6f] x]g{ 9Sg . > kvf{O gf)
{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kvf{Og s) lqm) kv{g nfOg . kvf{pg k|) ] lqm) kv{g nfpg
. kvf{kvL{ gf) k:kdf kv{g] sfd . kvf{n gf) [;+) klvfwf] != OF6, 9\uf cflbsf] uf/f]
P cUnf] kfL aflPsf] af lbjfn . @= uf/f] . klv{g ;) lqm)s) lqm) [kv{ O g] != kv{g
c8fOg . ku]n { \ g ;) lqm) [;+) klu|x0f] 5f;ld; ePsf w]} j:taf6 lglZrt j:t 5fG
g] sfd ug{ . > ku]{nfO gf) ku]N { g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ku]{nfOg s) lqm) ku]{Ng
nufOg . ku]{nfpg k|) ] lqm) ku]N { g nfpg . ku]l { ng s) lqm) ku]N { g] sfd ulg
 . krf{ gf) [kmf) kr{] != k|rfsf lgldQ sg} sf n]lvPsf] jf 5flkPsf] sfut lj1fkgsf]
sf] n]lvPsf] khf{ ;"rgfkq . @= c8\8fcbfntaf6 lbOg] tf]vsf] khf{ . #= ljz]if cj:y
fdf n]lvg] d2fdfldnfsf] l6Kk0fL . $= k}m;nf . %= cbfntdf jfbLk|ltjfbL k]kl5 k|df
0f aemL k}m;nf ug{kg]{ ePdf k|df0f agnfO{ 5f]6sLdf d2f;d]t n]vL b:tvt ufO{ ldl;
n;fy flvg] sfuh . ^= kLIff cflbsf] k|Zgkq . ~ kq gf) nDafOdf b;b]lv afx| OGr;Ddsf]
tf;sf] cfsfsf] afSnf] sfuhsf] 6qmfdf cfgf] ljrf :ki6;Fu n]v] sg} ljz]if ;dodf k|bz
{g ug]{ Ps lsl;dsf] z}lIfs ;fdu|L . afhL gf) sg} ljz]if sfsf] ;dy{g, ljf]w jf lj1
fkg ubf{ krf{ afF8\g] sfd . > krL{ gf) != ;fgf] krf{ . @= lrgfsf] k"s, h:tf] lrgfkr
L{ . kh{Go gf) [;+)] != afbn d]3 . @= emL jiff{ . #= d]3sf] uh{g . $= OGb| . k0f{ gf)
[;+)] != af]6la?jf cflbsf] kft kq . @= kfg . #=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
749

ktf{ko{:t uf]kLrGbg . #= cfoj]{bdf k|l;4 Ps ;flb cf}ifwL . kaf{x gf) [kmf) kjf] !=
sg} ljifok|lt dg lbg] lqmof jf:tf ;f]sf rf;f] kafx . @= lrGtf lkmqmL . #= ;f]r lj
kd{ gf) [;+) ksd{] cfk"mcfk"mdf cfnf]kfnf] uL Psn] csf{sf] sfd ullbg] rng k]nL kfn
e]m . kft gf) cfkm;cfkm;df ulg] kd{ k:ksf] kd{ . kdf{\uL gf) [kmf) kdfguL] x])
. ko{s \ gf) [;+)] kn vf6 . ko{6s lj) [;+)] != ko{6g ug]{ b]zljb]z 3Dg] e|d0f ug]
Ss8 . gf) @= To:tf] JolQm . ko{6g gf) [;+)] bz{gLo dxjk"0f{ :yfgx x]g{ jf dg axnfpg
sf lglDt b]zljb]zdf ulg] e|d0f jf ofqf . ~ pBf]u gf) b]zljb]zaf6 dg axnfpg jf dxjk"
0f{ :ynxsf] cjnf]sg ug{ cfpg] JolQmxsf] ;ljwfsf nflu :yfkgf ulg] xf]6n jf b[Zofjnf
]sgsf ;fwgx To;af6 xg] ljb]zL db|fsf] cfh{g;DaGwL pBf]u . ~ s]Gb| gf) ko{6g;DaGw
L b[Zofjnf]sg cflb ePsf] dVo 7fpF . ~ ljefu gf) ko{6s tyf ko{6g pBf]unfO{ k|fT ]
;flxt ug]{ tT;DaGwL Joj:yf, ]vb]v, lgoGq0f cflb ug]{ pBf]udGqfnocGtu{tsf] Ps ljef
u . ko{go  f]u gf) [;+)] sg} aofg jf egfOnfO{ emf ;flat ugf{sf lglDt ulPsf] ;f]w
k5 . ko{Gt gf) of]) [;+)] != ts ;Dd tns . lj) @= ;Lldt . gf) #= clGtd ;Ldf xb . $=
cGt cflv . ~ e"ld gf) gbL, kj{t, gu cflbsf cf;kf;sf] hldg . ko{aGwg gf) [;+)] sk8fn]
lkl7pF 3F8f afFw] al;g] Ps cf;g . ko{jnf]sg gf) [;+)] sg} sfd jf If]q cflbsf] cf
lbb]lv cGTo;Dd x]g]{ jf vf]htnf; ug]{ sfd sg} ljifosf] ;f\uf]kf\u x]ljrf ug]{ sfd .
ko{j;fg gf) [;+)] != cGt ;dflKt 6\uf] . @= lgZro lgwf] . ko{jl;t lj) [;+)] != l;l4Ps
] ;dfKt . @= lgwf] ulPsf] lglZrt . #= gi6 . ko{jI ] fs gf) [;+)] != hfFraem ug]{ Jo
lQm vf]hav ug]{ JolQm . @= sg} sfd jf ljifosf] ]vb]v ug]{ JolQm lgLIfs . #= hfFrsL k
fs . ko{jI ] f0f gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd jf ljifosf] hfFraem ug]{ sfd . @= sg} sf
o{ jf ljifonfO{ ljrfk"j{s x]g]{ sfd lgLIf0f . ko{:t lj) [;+)] != ofFlsPsf] ldNsfOPsf]
. @= x6fOPsf] lgsflnPsf] . > ko{:tfkXglt gf) pkdfgsf u0fnfO{ l5kfP

kv]6f . $= af0fdf nufOg] KjfFv . %= knfF;sf] v jf af]6 . ^= sfuhsf] kftf] kfgf . s

gf) ljgfd"No ljt0fsf] sfddf Nofpg 5fk] s f] sfuhsf] 6 q mf krf{ (kfDKn]6) . ~ s6
L gf) ;]pnfsf] af ;]pnfs} 5fgf] cflb ePsf] 5fk|f] ;]pn] 5fk|f] . ~ s6L gf) k0f{s6L
. ~ ntf gf) kfgsf] nxf] . jLl6sf gf) kfgsf] laf kfgsf] lvNnL . z gf) a]kQf eP d
f] cgdfg ulP klg nf; ge]l6Pdf szsf] ktnf agfO{ bfx;+:sfb]lv t]x| lbg;Dd ulg] lqm
of gffo0faln . ~ zj gf) nf; a]kQf ePsf zjsf] bfx;+:sfsf lglDt agfOg] sz cflbsf] kt
nf gffo0faln . zfnf gf) k0f{s6L . > k0ff{zg gf) kft dfq vfP jf ;fukft cflbsf] cfxf
dfq lnOg] Ps lsl;dsf] j|t . kl0f{s gf) kft a]r ] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ JolQm . kl0f{sf gf
) cds JolQmnfO{ cds j:t olt lbg" egL n]lvPsf] sfuh j:txsf] ;Lldt ljt0fsf Joj:yf
df ahfaf6 dfn;fdfg lsGg kfOg] khL{ skg . k0fL{ gf) j[If af]6 . ktf{! gf) [k\ tf] !=
f] df]n kn ;fpF . @= gfkmf kmfObf . ktf{@ lj) [ktL{ cf] ktL{ afFemf] . ktL{ lj) [kf6
cfafb jf vghf]t gePsf] afFemf] ktf{ (hldg) . ~ cfjfbL gf) xfncfafbL . ~ hUuf gf) vgh
f]t gePsf] jf gulPsf] hldg afnLgfnL gnufPsf] afFemf] hUuf . kbf{ gf) [kmf) kb{] !=
leqsf] b[Zo aflxaf6 gb]lvof];\ egL ofn9f]sfdf emG8fOg] sk8f cflbsf] cfj0f . @= :qLhf
ltn] dv 5f]Kg cfj0fsf] kdf k|of]u ug]{ 3D6f] cflb . #= gf6s jf rnlrqsf] k6 . $=
cb]vf jf c5]sf k|yf . %= dof{bf jf OHht . ^= cfFvfsf] gfgLdf df]ltoflaGb xFbf
nfUg] hfnf] . &= xfla{g, Kofgf] cflb ahfpFbf cf}Fnfn] bafpg] cjoj . *= kfgf z}nL
sf donkf];df 5ftLg] lgsflng] Ps k]m;g . ~ 3 gf) ofn9f]sf cflbdf kbf{ c8\ g ] Ps lzNk
ljwfg . gl;g lj) kbf{ d f x]sL (cfOdfO{) . kmf; gf) kbf{ vns ] f] cj:yf sg} sf]
ToIf ePsf] l:ylt x:of]b3 \ f6g eG8fkmf] . jfn lj) kbf{ ePsf] kbf{oSt kbf{leq x]s
] . kwf{gL gf) [;+) kof{wfg O{] 6Kkfdf kmnfdsf] sfkf hl8Psf], 8f]nL c8fpgnfO{ 8f]n]
xn] lnP lxF8\g] nf}f] . kk{ gf) [;+)] !+ 3 u[x . @= xlof] jf gofF 3fF; . #= nFu8fnfO
s 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf n}hfg] ;fwg . $= nFu8fn] lxF8\bf ;xfotf lng] nL jf sf7sf] P
s k|sfsf] ;fwg vNof{vL a};fvL . kk{6 gf) [;+)] kfk8 . > kk{6L gf) != kfk8 . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kofsk?sk;f{O pkd]ok|lt cff]k ubf{ xg] ckXglt cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . kofsk?s lqm) lj)
d") kofs\ c (l))] != l3pt]ndf tsfL e6\bf kkL kf] . @= ;fgfltgf sf7 jf ;G7L cflbsf
efFRbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . #= ;fu cflb lgdf]7gfdf]7 kfbf{ zAb cfpg] rfn;Fu . kof
{0f gf) [;+)] 3f]8fsf] sf7L . kof{Kt lj) [;+)] != rflxPhlt k|z:t oy]i6 sfkmL kUbf]
LsQL . @= kfOPsf] k|fKt . #= ;dy{ . > kof{lKt gf) rflxPhlt xg] cj:yf k|z:t dfqfdf
kUg] l:ylt oy]i6tf . kof{o gf) [;+)] != ;dfg cy{ aemfpg] zAb Pp6} cy{ aemfpg] c
sf]{ zAb ;dfgfy{s zAb . @= cgqmd l;nl;nf . #= Pp6f j:tsf] qmd};u F cg]s cf>o jf
Pp6}df cfl>t cg]s j:tx j0f{g ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . jfrsjfrL lj) ;dfg cy{ aemfpg]
p6} cy{ aemfpg] ;dfgfy{s . > kof{of]lQm gf) sg} sf] ;f]em} geg] 3dfpf] kffn] jf r
Tsfk"0f{ 9\un] j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n\sf . kof{nf]sg gf) [;+)] rf}lt fd|L x]g{]
\ cjnf]sg . kof{nf]lst lj) [;+)] kof{nf]sg ulPsf] fd|L x]lPsf] . kof{nf]rg gf) [;+)]
g} ljifo jf j:tsf] bf]if, u0f cflb jf ;a} lsl;dsf kIfsf] fd|L ljrf ug]{ sfd ;dLIff
. > kof{nf]rgf gf) kof{nf]rg . kof{nf]lrt lj) [;+)] kof{nf]rg ulPsf] ;dLlIft . kof{
j0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t, ljifo, JolQm cflbsf] l:ylt jftfj0f . @= rf}lt km}lnPsf] j
x]sf] xfjf kfgL . kof{jt{g gf) [;+)] kms]{ cfpg] sfd lkmg]{ sfd . kof{jlt{t lj) [;+)
kof{jt{g ePsf] . ko{kf;s lj) [;+)] b]jb]jLxsf] fd|L pkf;gf ug]{ b]jb]jLxsf] k"hf ug
{ . kok { f;gf gf) [;+)] != fd|L ulPsf] pkf;gf k"hf cr{gf . @= d}qL ;b\efjgf . k{
j) [c) d") k\ ] != ;;fgf bfgf tft]sf l3pt]ndf xfNbf jf kfgLsf l56f kbf{ cfPem}F zAb
cfpg] lsl;dn] . @= k:ts, n]v cflb gf]lsO{sg afRg] lsl;dn] x{ v{ . #= w]} aGbs jf k6
sfx qmd}l;t k8\sFbf cfPe}mF zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . k{gkf{ gf) [k{ cgcf] != wffk|jfx c
lt . @= tfFtL wOf] . kn{s gf) [c) d") kn{s \ c] kN6g]kN6fpg] rfn jf v]k . kn{s lqm
j) w]} v]k kn{Ss xg] rfn;Fu . > kn{Ss lqm) lj) != PSsfl; kN6g] lsl;dn] 6fpsfn] 6]s
] zL pN6fpg] uL . @= cfFvfsf k]nf jf kn dfly prfNg] lsl;dn] l;n] cfFvfsf] kn w]} d
n] x]]em}F .
750

kNof{s gf) [c) d") kNof{s\ c] la:tf} kN6g] rfn . kNof{s lqm) lj) a/f]a jf w]} v]k kN
> kNof{Ss lqm) lj) Ps} v]kdf kN6g] rfn;Fu . kns { lqm) lj) ;a} Ps} rf]l6 kN6g]
uL Ps} v]kdf klN6P . kj{ gf) [;+)] != zSn jf s[i0fkIf, ltly, jf, gIfq, of]u, s0f ty
dlxgfsf cfwfdf lgwf{lt k0osfn . @= rGb| jf ;"o{df nfUg] u|x0f . #= wfld{s, ;f+:s
[lts jf ;fdflhs b[li6n] dxjk"0f{ dflgg] ;do jf lbg pT;j rf8 . $= sg} sfd xg] jf u
lg] ljlzi6 lbg df}sf cj; . %= bO{ j:t jf bO{ c\u hf]l8Psf] 7fpF hf]gL{ . ^= rtdf{
. &= cf}n F fsf hf]gL{n] 5ofOPsf] v08 . *= sg} ljz]if 36gf jf To:tf] 36gf ePsf
] ;do (h:tf] sf]tkj{, eF8fvfnkj{ O)) . (= dxfeft u|Gysf] v08 . !)= tLg dfqf jf c\un
 afasf] gfk . sfn gf) sg} kj{ k]sf] ;do . kj{0f gf) [;+)] k"f ug]{ sfd k"lt{ ug]
. > kj{0fL gf) != k"l0f{df . @= k|ltkbf . #= kj{ pT;j rf8 . kj{t gf) [;+)] != kxf8 8
fF8f] z}n . @= rfg . #= j]bk|l;4 Ps b]jlif{ . $= bzgfdL ;GGof;LxdWo] Ps . %= wjnflu
l c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . b|fIff gf) kj{t] bfv . ~ glGbgL gf) kfj{tL . dfnf gf) kxf8
f] k\lQm kj{t>]0fL . fh gf) lxdfno kj{t . > kj{tff]x0f gf) kxf8 r9\g] sfd . kj{tff
) != kxf8 r9\g] kj{tff]x0f ug]{ . gf) @= kj{tff]x0f ug]{ JolQm . kj{ltof lj) != kj{t
Lo k|bz ] df xg] kxfl8of kj{t] . gf) @= g]kfnL dft[efiff ePsf g]kfnL hfltxdWo] Ps .
kj{tLo lj) [;+)] != kj{t;DaGwL kxf8L . @= kxf8L k|bz ] df xg] kj{t] kxf8] . ~ jiff{ g
) wftnLo jiff{ . kj{t ] lj)gf) [kj{t P] kxf8], kj{ltof . ~ bfv gf) kxf8L k|b]zdf xg]
bfv kj{tb|fIff . kj{kft gf) [kj{ kft] kj{sf] lbg rf8af8 pT;jsf] lbg . kj{dn " gf) [;+
] rtb{zL cf}F;L jf k"l0f{dfsf] dWosfn . kj{;lGw gf) [;+)] k"l0f{df jf cf}F;L k|l
tkbfsf aLrsf] ;do k"l0f{df cf}F;Lsf] cGtsfn rGb|u|x0f jf ;"o{u|x0f nfUg] ;do . kjf
{:kmf]6 gf) [;+)] cf}Fnf k8\sfpg] lqmof . k;{g c) lqm) [;+) k[ift\] != aln lbg] a]
nfsf kzn] hLpdf 5ls{Psf] kfgL 6s6Sofpg kl;{g . @= ljjfxsf cj;df bnfxfsf tkm{af
6 cfPsf dflg; jf NofOPsf j:txnfO{ bxL, cIftf cflbn] k"hf ug{ jf 5s{g . k;f{ gf)
[kf;] g]kfnsf] gffo0fL c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . k;f{O gf) [ k;{ - cfO)] k;{g] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . [ > ] k;f{Og s) lqm) k;{g nfOg . k;f{pg k|) ] lqm) k;{g nfpg . k;f{x
6 gf) k;f{O .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
751

k;f{bkn]6L] lhNnfsf] Ps efu . @= pQm lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps 7fpF, hxfF knfGrf]s eujtLsf]
dlGb 5 . knfGrf]s ] lj) [knfGrf]s P] knfGrf]ssf] . gf) @= g]kfnL hQfsf] Ps k|sf . ~
hQf gf) 5fnfs} wfufn] l;OPsf], kx]n F f] sf] ;fjh:tf] b]lvg], lkmQf gnfOg] lxF8b \
f rOs F g], knfGrf]ssf ;fsL{xn] pTkfbg u]sf] hQf . knfGg gf) [;+)] != df; ld;fO
Psf] cGg knfp . knflkg c) lqm) [;+) k|nfkg] != cfgf] ;flassf] l:yltdf gxg lau|b F
hfg tg 5f8\g . @= kflQg ;Nnfxdf gcfpg . knfKofO gf) knflkg] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . > knfKofOnf] lj) != knflkg] kfnf{h:tf] . @= knflkg] xf]OPnfh:tf] . knfos lj)
[;+)] efUg] eujf knfog ug]{ . knfog gf) [;+)] 8fP jf kll:ylt;Fu xf] efUg] sfd jf
8]u 5f8\g] sfd ;Os F R  rf . jfb gf) != ufx|f ] ;fF3f] k]sf avtdf cfgf] l;4fGtdf
y gxL knfog xg] l;4fGt . @= hLjgsf afwfxl;t hwL ltgnfO{ lhTg] ;fx; gb]vfO{ efu] s
g} ;vb sfNklgs l:yltdf kUg] cfsf\Iff fVg] Ps ;flxlTos l;4fGt (o6f]lkof) . jfbL l
j) knfogjfbsf] cg;0f ug]{ knfogsf] l;4fGtsf] cgofoL . knfodfg lj) [;+)] eflux]sf] s
n]nd eOx]sf] efUbf] . knflot lj) [;+)] knfog ePsf] efu]sf] ;Os F R  rf 7f]ss ] f]
. knfoL lj) [;+)] != 8fP efUg] eujf . @= knfogwdL{ knfog ?rfpg] . knfn gf) [;+)] !=
]8f emfl;s]kl5sf] wfgsf] af]6 . @= a:tefpsf] nflu 3fF;sf kdf k|of]u ulg] ;f]xL j:t
 kfn . knfz gf) [;+)] x]) knfF; ls+zs . > knfzL gf) jgc\usf] nxf] kgL . kln;f
];f] . klNsgL gf) [;+)] != skfn ;]t} eO{ kmn]sL a"9L cfOdfO{ . @= klxnf] a]t lao
fpg] ule{0fL ufO{ . klnt lj) [;+)] != a"9f] j[4 . @= kmn]sf] jf ;]t} ePsf] skfn .
knjf lj) [kfn\ pjf] kfn]sf] kflnPsf] kfNt . knjf] gf) ltxgtsfLsf] emf]n afSnf] k
sf lglDt xflng] kL7f], rf}nfgL, d;nf cflb . kn]6 L gf) [;+) k[yn ' :yO{] != kb\df;
gh:tf] Ps k|l;4 k|rlnt cf;g a|Xdf;g . @= b'j} v'fsf kGhf Ps csf{sf 5]kfLsf r]kdf 3'
;fP al;g] lzi6 cf;g . kn]6 f] gf) [;+) kn6] 9f]sf, ofn, lbpn, hfFtf], 3 cflbsf] Pp6f
kmns kmUn]6 F f] . kn]6L gf) [kn6O{] 5fnf v's]{ jf lk6] lrNnf] agfpFbf

k;f{b gf) [;+) k|;fb] x]) k|;fb . > k;f{bL gf) k|;fb . kl;{ lqm) lj) [;+) kZj] cfpFb
f] t];|f] lbg ef]lnsf] ef]ln . kl;{g c) lqm) [k;{ O g] != k;{g] xf]Og . @= k;{g . >
k:of{x6 gf) k;{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kn gf) [;+)] != ljkneGbf ;f7L ugf ;]sG
] 8eGbf rf}aL; ugf w] ;do knf . @= clt cNk If0f l5g . #= rf sif{afasf] tf}n . kns
[;+) knf] != Psrf]l6 cfFvf lemDd ubf{ laTg] ;do . @= cfFvfsf] dflyNnf] kbf{ 9sgL
. #= kn l5g If0f . kn gf) [;+) kNo\s] != ;Tg] ljz]if k|sfsf] vf6 . @= la5fpgf zo
gf) [;+) k|nf]8] != kN6g] sfd pN6g] lqmof kN6f . @= kljt{g . [;+) kn6] #= kn kNnf tn
f] tfh . kn6L gf) [;+) k|nf]li6sf] rd{sf/n] 5fnf lk6\tf tnlt fVg] 9\uf] . kn lqm)
[k|f)] klN6g] jf kN6fpg] lsl;dn] kmsf{pg] jf pN6fpg] lsl;dn] sf]N6f] kms{g] lsl;dn
] kN6f vfg] lsl;dn] . knf; gf) [;+) knfz] != ;'ufsf 7'F8sf cfsfsf ftf], ;]tf], kx]Fnf
] gLnf]
sf k"mn k'mNg], sf]Ofnf] 6fFsLsf h:tf kft x'g], nfdf v}f
sf kmn kmNg] P
] af]6 knfz ls+z's To;}sf] k"mn . @= af]6la?jfsf kft . #= sf7sf] r'f]eGbf aflx af]qm
eGbf leqklsf] efu . knf;L gf) [kNnfg]jf) l;F  sf7] u'Dahx agfpFbf kNnf fVg] sf7 cflb
knf gf) [;+) kn] != 38Lsf] ;f7Lcf}F efu rf}aL; ;]sG ] 8sf] ;do kn . @= Hofb} yf]} ;d
o l5g . #= tfh'sf] hf]lvg] dfn;fdfg jf 9s flvg] yfnh:tf] wft' jf sf7sf] efF8f] kNnf
. knfO gf) [ kfn\ -cfO)] != kfNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [knfpcfO] @= knfpg] efj, l
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] knfOg' s) lqm) != kfNg nfOg' . c) lqm) @= knfpg] xf]Og' .
knfOnf] lj) knfpnfh:tf] ;k|]sf] . knfpg' k|) ] lqm) != kfNg nfpg' . knfpg' c) lqm)
[ kNxfpg'] != af]6la?jf cflbdf kft, cfFs ' f cflb lg:sg' kfn'jf jf kNnj pTkGg x'g' k
Nnljt x'g' kfpnf xfNg' 6';fpg' d'h'f lg:sg' . @= 3fp, vl6f cflbn] vfN6f] k]sf 7fpFdf
f;' elP cfpg' . #= sf6]sf] j:t' (g
, s]z, xfFuf] cflb) k]ml ljsl;t eP cfpg' . $= ljkGg
cj:yfaf6 ;DkGg cj:yflt nfUg' . %= dgdf bof pAhg' . ^= pTkGg x'g' pbo x'g' pGglt x'
g' . knfGrf]s gf) != afUdtL c~rndf kg]{ sfe|]knfGrf]s

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

kn];f]kNnf 5fnf c8fpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] RofK6f] k]sf] 9'
\uf] . kn];f] gf) [kfnf]P;f
;+) kof{;] abnf ;f xhf{gf kln;f . knf] gf) [;+) klnt  kfs]sf]] eft cflb ksfpFbfsf] df
. knf}6fO gf) [ knf}6f] -cfO)] knf}6f] x'g] l:ylt kfn'jfkg . [ > ] knf}l6g' c) lqm)
kflng' knf}6f] a:g' knf}6f] kflg' . knf}6 ] lj) knf}6f];DaGwL knf}l6Psf] knf}6f] . kn
}6f] lj) [kfn\cf}6f]] != kflnPsf] kfNt' kfn'jf . gf) @= kflnPsf] a:t'efp . knf}gL gf)
[kfn\cf}gL] ufO{a:t' kflnlbPafkt kfNg]nfO{ lbOg] bdf{xf . kNsg c) lqm) [k|f) knSs g
] != :jfb , ;\ut, j:t cflbsf] u0fff Totf cfslif{t xg nf]leg . @= Psrf]l6 rfn k
s]sf] u0fsf] kl5 k]mlk]ml nfUg OR5s xg . #= lrQfslif{t xg cf;St xg . > kNsfO
gf) kNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kNsfOg s) lqm) kNsg] kflg . kNsfpg k|) ] lqm)
kNsg] kfg{ nf]Eofpg . klNsg c) lqm) != kNsg . @= kNsg] xf]Og . kNSofO gf) klNs
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kNSofOnf] lj) kNsfpg] vfnsf] . kNSofx6 gf) kNsfO kNSofO
. kN6 gf) of]) [k6s] c zAbsf kl5 nfu] df}sf, cj;, k6s cflb cy{ aemfpg] zAb (ef]lnkN
6, kl;{kN6 cflb k6s rf]l6 v]k k]m k]mf . kN6g c) lqm) [kn6 g] != cffd lngsf lgl
g \  ;Tg . @= 9Ng n8\g . #= kN6f vfg pN6g . $= pN6f] kfg{ kms{g . %= sf]N6f
] kg{ . ^= u8\g . kN6g gf) [c\) Knf6g] != ;]gfsf sDkgLeGbf ;fgf] ljefu . @= ;]
gf kmf}h . kN6gafhL gf) [kN6 afhL] != 6fpsfn] 6]s ] kN6g] Ps v]n jf Jofofd . @= plN6g
] sfd klN6g] sfd . #= u8\g] sfd aN9f lrKn]6L . kN6lgof lj) [kN6gOofF] != kN6g;DaGw
hL . gf) @= kmf}hL hjfg l;kfxL ;}lgs . kN6f gf) [k|f) kn] != kn6 kN6f
. @= ;
\uLtdf
] Ps 6'qmf] tfgsf :jxnfO{ qmdzM Ps, b'O{, tLg cflbdf k'ofpFb} k]ml kms]{ clusf] jf kl
sf] Ps jf cg]s :jnfO{ qmdzM 5f]8\b} ltgdf cGo :jxnfO{ hf]8\b} ufpg]ahfpg] ljlw ;\uL
kfFr xhf rfnL; kN6fdWo] sg} Ps . kN6fO gf) [ kN6 - cfO)] kN6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [ > ] kN6fOg s) lqm) kN6g] kflg . kN6fOnf] lj) != kN6g] vfnsf] . @= kN6nfkN6nf
h:tf] cl:y 9nkn . kN6fpg ;) lqm) != kmsf{pg pN6fpg . @= ;tfpg n]6fpg . #= 9fNg
8fpg . $= sf]N6f] kmsf{pg kN6f
752

vjfpg . %= u8fpg . klN6g c) lqm) != kN6g . @= kN6g] xf]Og . kN6fO gf) klN6g]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kN6f gf) [kN6f of] != kN6fO kN6fx6 . @= kN6f kn6 aN8f .
nuftfsf] kN6f . lqm) lj) @= nuftf kN6fsf ;fydf . kN6fx6 gf) [klN6 ofx6] klN6g] efj
, lqmof jf k|lqmof kN6fO . klNt gf) of]) [klt] != klt . lqm) lj) @= ptflt Totf .
Uu . kNyL gf) [ef]) a) <] lxdfnL e]sdf pTkGg xg] Ps vfnsf] cGg . kNk gf) [c\)] sfu
t agfpg sf7, kfn cflb unfP tof kflPsf] n]bf] j:t sfuh agfpg] kmfF8f] . kNo\s gf) [;
ko{s \ ] != kn vf6 . @= la5fpgf zof ko{ . kNofskns lqm) lj) [c+) d") (l)) kns
= 8, pT;stf cfsf\Iff cflbn] otfplt x]b{} . @= otfplt x]sf ;a} j:tnfO{ kfn}l;t x]] .
gf) #= pT;stfk"0f{ b[li6 ;ts{ x]fO . $= r~rn x]fO cl:y b[li6 . kNnj gf) [;+)] != gof
lg:s]sf] kft sdnf] jf slnnf] kft kfnjf kfpnf . @= xftdf nufpg] afnf s\s0f . #= sfd
s jf nDk6 JolQm . $= Ofgltaf6 eft k;]sf] kfy{ hflt . u|flxtf gf) sg} ljifosf] cToGt
;fwf0f 1fg . u|fxL lj) sg} ljifodf k"0f{ 1fg gePsf] s]jn aflxL jf df]6fdf]6L 1fg e
Psf] cw"f] 1fg ePsf] . u|fxL kfl08To gf) != sg} ljifodf ePsf] ck"f] 1fg sg} ljifos
] aflxL jf df]6fdf]6L hfgsfL . @= 6k6 { ofF 1fg jf l:ylt . > kNnjf\s  gf) gofF lg:
]sf] kfpnfsf] 6;f] . @= slnnf kft ePsf] xfFuf] lrpnf] dgf] . kNnljt lj) != gf}nf]
kNnj nfu]sf] kfnjf knfPsf] kfpnf k]m]sf] kfplnPsf] . @= nxnxfpFbf] xnxnfpFbf] . #= l
j:t[t ljzfn . $= f]df~r ePsf] f]dfl~rt ePsf] . kNnjL lj) != gofF kfnjf k]m]sf] kfpl
f] jf kfpnf xfn]sf] . gf) @= v j[If . #= kfy{ hfltsL gfL . $= kxnjL efiff . kNnf! gf
) [;+) kNnj] != l;s, 8;gf agfpFbf skf; df]xf]g]{ sk8f . @= wf]qmf] l;pg] 6f6h:tf]
sk8fsf] 6qmf] . #= cf]9\g] nuf cflbsf] tx ;fn (leqL kNnf, aflxL kNnf cflb) . kN
nf@ gf) [knf] != tfhsf 8G8Lsf bO{ 6Kkfdf emlG8Psf] 9fnsf] cfsfsf] kfq . @= 9f]s
fsf] vfkf f kmUn]F6f] . kNnf# lj) [kNnf]sf] lt) )] x]) kNnf] . 3] lj) cfgf] 3b]
. ~ 5]p gf) != kfsfi7f kNnf] xb . lqm) lj) @= klt kNnf] 5]pdf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
753

klNnklNnsfkZrft\ z4 ePsf] z4fTdf . kljlqt lj) kljq kflPsf] z4 kflPsf] rf]VofOPsf
j} gf) [;+) pkf]bsL] kfgsf h:tf gd sf]dn kft xg,] sn]hL sf k"mn kmNg], Clifk~rdLdf
at{ a:g]xn] tsfLsf kdf vfg] Ps nxf] . kzd gf) [kmf) kZd] x]) k;d . > kzldgf gf) kl:
. kz gf) [;+)] != rf vf xg], kR5wfL hGt rf}kfof hgfj . @= aln lbOg] hgfj . l
" v { ljj]sxLg (JolQm) . ~ s0fL gf) rf}kfof hGtnfO{ ulg] d}yg kz;Def]u . ~ sd{ gf
!= o1df ulg] kzsf] alnbfg . @= cfxf, lgb|f, eo d}ygem}F kzff klg xg ;Sg] sfd .
~ ufoqL gf) aln lbg] a]nfdf kzsf sfgdf elgg] dGq . ~ 3ft gf) != kzsf] jw ug]{ sf
d kzsf] xTof . ~ 3ftL lj)gf) != kzsf] xToff . @= df+;fxfL . ~ rof{ gf) kzsf] h:tf]
lgn{Hh Jojxf kzsd{ . ~ rfs gf) kzkfns uf]7fnf] Ujfnf] . ~ rf0f gf) uf]7fnf]luL
~ lrlsT;s gf) kzxsf] cf}ifwL ug]{ ljz]if1 kzsf] pkrf ug]{ 8fS6 . ~ lrlsT;f gf) !=
zxsf] pkrf ug]{ zf:q e]6l] /gL . @= kzsf f]usf] pkrf ug]{ sfo{ . ~ lrlsT;fno gf) k
f f]usf] pkrf ug]{ 7fpF kzc:ktfn e]6l] /gL c:ktfn kz c:ktfn . tfTj gf) != kz
f] h:tf] u0f . @= d" v { t f d V of{ O F . ~ wg gf) rf} k fof;DklQ rf}kfofwg (ufO{
, e}; F L, v;L O)) . ~ kIfL gf) rfr?\uL a:tefp . ~ kIfL sfgg gf) != jGohGt cfIf0f
. @= lrl8ofvfgf . kzklt x]) kzkltgfy . kltgfy gf) != sf7df8f}lF+ :yt, ljZjsf k|l
;4 z}j kL7dWo] Ps dflgg] tLy{:yn jf Ps lzjdlGb . @= kzxsf] dflns . #= lzj dxfb]j .
~ kfns gf) kzx kfn] hLjglgjf{x jf k]6kfnf] ug]{ JolQm kz kfNg] k];f ePsf] dflg; kz
rfs . ~ kfng gf) != kzx kfNg] k];f . @= kzkfng;DaGwL pBf]u kzrf0f . kfz gf) !=
L hLjxsf] aGwg bfDnf] . @= aln lbOg] kznfO{ afFWg] 8f]L . ~ ag ;k{g gf) kf]On uPsL
:jf:gL kmsf{O{ NofP k]ml :jf:gL tNofO{ fVg] nf]Ug]nfO{ nfUg] b08 (;+) kzjT;08) . ~
efj gf) kztf kzTj kfzljstf d"vk { gf . ~ o1 gf) kzaln . fh gf) kzsf] fhf l;
So gf) != dgsf] sf] JoQm gulPsf] sf] . @= bGTosyfsf cg;f kzkIfLxsf] jf0fL jf af]
. ~ j}B gf) kzlrlsT;s . ~ ;Def]u gf) dfG5]af6 kz;Fu ulg] d}yg . kZrft\ lqm) lj) [
;+)] != kl5af6 eljiodf . @= cflvdf cGtdf cGttf]uTjf . #= klZrdaf6 klZrdltaf6 . ~ sfn
) e]kGt eljio . ~ sfnLg lj) e]kGtsf]

klNnklNnsf gf) [;+)] x]) kNnL . > klNnjfx gf) cy{+u] (vsf] Ps sfF8fbf k|sf) . kNnL!
) [;+)] != ;fgf] 7fpF . @= 5fk|f] emk8L . #= dfp;nL leQL l6sl6s] . $= Ps hftsf] n
xf] . kNnL@ lj) [kNnf] O{] != kNnf] (n3 k) . @= kltsL klt xg] (cfOdfO{) . ~ a];L
fklsf] a];L 7"nLa];L . @= r] kj{teGbf blIf0fsf] a];L tfO{ . kNnf] lj) [k nf]] != k
sf] kltsf] . @= csf]{ c . #= ptfsf] . ~ lsft gf) g]kfnsf] k"jL{ efudf x]sf wgs'6f,
}gk', tfKn]h'
cflb;lxtsf] Onfsf . ~ 6'
\uf] gf) kNnf] kmfn . ~ kmfn gf) clGtd 6'
\uf]
i7f . kNxfO gf) [ kNxfp -cfO)] kNxfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kNxfOg' c) lqm) kNxf
pg] xf]Og' . kNxfOnf] lj) knfOnf] . kNxfpg c) lqm) [;+) kNnj cfp g] x]) knfpg . kj6f
gf) [kmu6f] != leq rfdn gePsf] wfgsf] u]8f] kmf];|f] wfg kf]u6f . @= xfjf nufpFbf
p8] 5]p nfu]sf wfgsf kmf];f | u]8f . kjg gf) [;+)] != xfjf atf; jfo ;dL . @= k|f0fjf
 . #= ;f; Zjf; kf}g . $= zl4 ;kmfO . lj) %= z4 kfjg . ~ rqm gf) xfjfsf] eFjL xG
mjft . ~ kq gf) != xgdfg\ . @= eLd;]g . ~ Joflw gf) jftf]u afy . @= nsks] nsjf . >
kjgfzg lj) != xfjf vfP afFRg] . gf) @= ;k{ . kjdfg gf) [;+)] != atf; xfjf kjg jfo .
@= ufx{kTo clUg . kju{ gf) [;+)] k cIfaf6 ;? eP d cIfdf 6\lug] kfFrf]6f Jo~hgj0f
a, e, d sf] ;d"x . kjn lj) [k|f) kcn < ;+) k|an] kpn k|fro{ k|z:ttf kf}nf] . kjfL
Ps hftsf] emf . klj gf) [;+)] != ah| slnz . @= lahnL (cfsfzdf rDsg]) . kljt lj) [
;+)] != z4 ulPsf] zf]lwt . gf) @= dLr . #= v;f{gL . kljtf gf)x]) klktf . kljq lj) [
;+)] != kmf]xd}nf gePsf] lgd{n :jR5 rf]vf] . @= z4 kgLt . gf) #= >f4 cflbdf k|of]u
ulg] szsf bO{ jf tLg TofGb|fsf] u|lGy . tf gf) kljq xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf z4tf :jR
5tf . ~ wfGo gf) hf} . > kljqf gf) != tn;L . @= kLkn . #= xn]bf] . $= >fj0f zSn
PsfbzL . kljqfTdf lj) cfTdf kljq ePsf] cGtMs0f

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kZrfQfkk;fpg eljiosf] efjL . kZrfQfk gf) [;+)] cfk"mn] ul;s]sf sfo{af6 pTkGg sg} d
fgl;s v]b k5tf] kl5tf] ysysL . > kZrfQfkL lj) k5tf] ug]{ kZrfQfk ug]{ ysysfpg] . kZ
f4{kZrfw{ gf) [;+)] != kl5Nnf] cfwf efu pQfw{ . @= klZrdL efu kfZrfTo efu . klZrd lj)
[;+)] != ;a}eGbf kl5sf] kl5Nnf] . @= clGtd cflvL . gf) #= ;"o{, tff cflb c:tfpg] lbz
f k"j{sf] ljkLt lbzf klR5d klR5pF . ~ Ps gDa gf) kfgf] Joj:yfcg;f fhwfgLb]lv klZ
] gjfsf]6, wflb cflb Onfsf ePsf] k|bz ] . ~ Pl;of gf) Pl;ofsf klZrdkl x]sf Ofs, Ofg,
;fpbL ca, odg, 6sL{ cflb dns  xsf] e"efu . ~ lqmof gf) d]kl5 ulg] bfx;+:sfflb lqmof
GTo]li6lqmof . ~ rf gDa gf) kfgf] Joj:yfcg;f fhwfgLb]lv klZrdlt k|zf;lgs b[li6n] r
v08df k]sf], ;bdsfd ktnLv]t jf :of\hf ePsf] k|b]z . ~ ltg gDa gf) kfgf] Joj:yfcg
f fhwfgLb]lv klZrdlt/ /x]sf] k|zf;lgs b[li6n] t];|f] v08df k/]sf] kf]v/f ;b/ dsfd
ePsf] k|b]z . ~ bO{ gDa/ gf) k/fgf] Joj:yfcg;f/ /fhwfgLb]lv klZrd k|zf;lgs b[
li6n] bf];f |] v08df kg]{ uf]vf{ ;b dsfd ePsf] k|b]z . > klZrdf lj) != klZrdL If]
qdf a:g] klZrdltsf] klZrdL klZrd]nL kfZrfTo . gf) @= g]kfnL a|fXd0fsf] Ps ju{ . #= kv
afhh:t} Psflt kL7f] csf]{lt vL nufOPsf] cfjZostfcg;f yk36 ug{ xg] (rf8af8, gfrufg
cflbdf ahfOg]) afhf . klZrdfrn gf) kf0fcg;f ;"o{ c:tfpg] kj{t c:tfrn . klZrdf~rn gf
) != ljsf;If]qsf] gofF ljefhgcg;f g]kfnsf] dWodf~rnb]lv glhs klZrdlt x]sf] u08sL,
nlDagL wjnflul c~rn ;dfj]z ePsf] Ps ljsf;If]q . @= klZrdL Onfsf . klZrdf~rn ljsf
;If]q gf) k|zf;lgs b[li6sf]0fn] 5fOPsf] dWodf~rn ljsf;If]qb]lv klZrdlt cfpg] ljsf;I
f]q klZrdf~rn . klZrdflws0f gf) rf lbzfdf ljeflht ulPsf lnR5ljsfnLg k|zf;g ;~rfng ug]
{ c8\8fxdWo] klZrdklsf] k|zf;g ;~rfng ug]{ c8\8f . klZrdfledv lj) != klZrdlt kms]{s
f] . @= k5fl8lt dv u]sf] . klZrdL lj) [klZrd O{] klZrdlt xg] klZrdltsf] klR5df kl
~ uf]nf4{ gf) k|wfg dWofXg ]vfb]lv klZrdtkm{sf] e"efu . ~ jfo gf) klZrd lbzfaf6 ax
g] jfo . klZrd] lj) [klZrd P] klZrdf . ~ dfbn gf) cfsfdf ;fgf] 5ltf] klZrd g]kfndf k
Og] dfbn . klZrd]nL lj) [klZrd PnL] != klZrdsf] kfZrfTo . gf)
754

@= g]kfnL efiffsf pke]bdf dxfsfnLb]lv ;]tL c~rn;Ddsf ljleGg :yfgLo eflifsfdWo] s

g} Ps . klZrdf]Q lj) [;+)] klZrd pQ lbzfsf aLrdf x]sf] jfoJo sf]0fsf] klZrdf]Qsf]
lZrdf]Qf gf) pQ klZrd lbzfsf] Ps ljlbzf jf pklbzf jfoJo sf]0f . kZd gf) [kmf)] x]) k
d kzd . > kZdLgf gf) x]) kl:dgf . kZotf]x lj) [;+)] != b]vfb]vL sg} j:t rf]g]{ hah{
:tL vf]; ] lng] . gf) @= ;d;fFem}sf] rf] jf n6fxf . #= ;gf . kZoGtL gf) [;+)] != :
kmf]6jfbcg;f d"nfwfaf6 p7] gflek|b]zdf cfO{ cJoSt gfbsf cj:yfdf kl0ft ePsf] kfgf8L .
@= j]Zof . ] g] != aflxaf6 leq hfg l5g{ k;\g ;) lqm) [;+) k|jz 3:g k|j]z ug{ .
@= ;fd]n xg ;lDdlnt xg . #= km:g cNemg . k;\rL lj) [kf;f () rL] kf;f v]Ng] cfbt
;]sf] kf;f v]lnxgkg]{ . k;gL gf) [;+) kz gL] sfFhf] sf7 cflbsf] laF8 xflng], bflanf
f cfsfsf], emf uf]8g \ ] jf b"af] cflb vsg { ] kmnfd] ;fwg vkL{ . k;d gf) [kmf) kZ
d] != gd tyf c;n hftsf] pmg kzd kZd . @= pk:ysf f}F . #= ;fx|} tR5 j:t . k; gf) [;+
k|;l[ t] != cf}Fnfx xTs]nfnfO{ sKo|fP b g f] em} F agfpF b fsf] vf] l aN6f] . @
= To;df c6fpg] kldf0fafasf] sg} j:t . k;n gf) [;+) kJozfnf] :yfoL kn] dfndQfx laqmL
xg] 7fpF bf]sfg . jfnf gf) k;n fVg] JolQm k;n] bsfgbf bf]ufgbf bf]sfgbf . > k
;n yfKg] JolQm bsfgbf . lj) @= k;nsf] . k;flug c) lqm) x]) k;f\lug k;flg . > k;
f) k;fFlug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . k;fUofxf lj) k:of
\ofxf . k;f gf) [;+) k|;fb] bof
s[kf . (pbf) uf]Nx'h; } L sgs kqls efif\ k;fsl cS|ofF 5F . k[YjL dNn_ . k;fO gf) [
k;\ - cfO)] != k:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [k;fp cfO] @= ds} cflbdf 3f]uf] jf wfg cflbdf
afnf] k;fpg] lqmof k|lqmof . [;+) kif\ cfO] #= eft cflbsf] df8 k;fpg] lqmof k|lqmof
. [ > ] k;fOg s) lqm) != k:g nufOg k:g] kflg . @= df8 cflb k;fpg] kflg . c) lqm
) #= 3f]uf], afnf] cflb k;fpg] xf]Og . k;fpg k|) ] lqm) != leq k7fpg k:g] jf l5
g]{ kfg{ . @= ;lDdlnt ufpg ;fd]n ufpg . k;fpg! c) lqm) [;+) k|;j0f] != cGgsf af]
6df afnf, 3f]uf cflb lg:sg . @= s]fsf af]6af6 s]fsf] 3L lg:sg . #= cGgdf afnf nfU
g .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
755

k;fpgkxnjfg k:sg ;) lqm) [;+) klj]if0f] kfs]sf] vfg]sf] vfgsf lgldQ kGo", rDrf cfl
bn] yfn, 6kL cflbdf xfNg vfg]s  f] vfg a;]sfnfO{ lbg . > k:sfO gf) k:sg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . k:sfOg s) lqm) k:sg nufOg . kl:sg ;) lqm) != k:sg . s) lqm) @= k:sg
] sfd ulg . k:6g gf) [;+) zky > * kzy g] sg} sfdsf] cfk"mn] ug]{ jf u]sf] xf] xf]O
gL ulg] k|lt1f zky lslof . k:d gf) [kZd] != bf];Nnf, unaGbL cflb agfpg] c;n hftsf] gd
pmg, Rof\uf | sf] ejf . @= pk:ysf f}F kzd . #= Hofb} tR5 j:t . > kl:dgf gf) != d
nfod ejf jf pmg kZd . @= To;af6 ag]sf] sk8f . k:of}6f] gf) [k;\ of}6f]] != 6fFs jf
3F8L l5fP c8\sfpg agfOPsf] Kjfn . @= bfDnfsf] ufF7f] l5fP c8\sfpg agfOPsf] Kjfn unfd
ufF7f] l5fpg] Kjfn . k;|g c) lqm) [;+) k|;0f] != nDk;f kg{ k;flg ;Tg . @= z0f
p kg{ . > k;|fO gf) k;|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k;|fOg s) lqm) k;|g nfOg . k;|fpg
k|) ] lqm) k;|g nfpg . kl;|g  c) lqm) k;|g . k:o|fO gf) kl;|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. k:o|fx6 gf) kl;|g] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kl:;pkl:;d gf) [;+) klZrd] klZr
d klR5d . > kl:;df lj) kl:;pFsf] kl:;df 8'Ag] jf c:tfpg] (3fd, h"g cflb) . kx gf) [;+
) k|x] != cxf]fqsf] cf7f}F efu lbg jf ftsf] rff}F efu emG8} tLg 306fsf] ;do . @= kxf
bf gf) x]) kx]bf . kxf gf) [;+) k|x] != s'g} j:t' jf JolQmsf] ]vb]v, Iff cflbsf lg
f To;nfO{ lglb{i6 :yfgaf6 cGoq hfg glbg rf}s;L ug]{ sfd kfnf] . @= vafL lgufgL ]vb]v
f . bf gf) kxf ug]{ JolQm kx] b f . kxL! gf) != 8fnf, gf
\nf cflb a'Gg] k];f ePsf
. @= To; hfltsf] efiff . kxL@ gf) != k|xk|xdf jf Ps k|x;Dd ]vb]v jf Iffsf lglDt kfn
a:g] JolQm k|xL . @= k'ln; . kx]bf gf) [kxfbf] kxf lbg] JolQm lgufgL ug]{ kfn] .
) k|:t] 7f8f] cUnf] kTy}kTyn] ag]sf] eL . > kxofg gf) kxf] ePsf] e"ld . kxn gf) [
'g} sfd ug]{ 7Ls cj; df}sf . @= sfof{De ofqfDe . #= cfDe . kxndfg gf) [kmf) kxnjfg]
s':tL v]Ng] s;tL JolQm nfKkf v]Ng l;kfn' alnof] JolQm dNn . @= x[i6k'i6 anafg\ JolQ
m . lj) #= zlQmzfnL . > kxndfgL gf) s':tL v]Ng] sfd jf k];f dNnj[lQ . kxnjfg gf) [k
mf)] x]) kxndfg . kxnjfgL gf) kxndfgL .

k;fpg'@ ;) lqm) != s'g} j:t' b'nfdf l5fpg' . @= eftaf6 df8 sf8\g' . k;fl
g c) lqm) x]
) k;f\lug . [ f\u g] != sfFrf sf7sf k;f\lug c) lqm) [;+) k|;t kmn]s ;s] af\lug
Drg lqk6 xg . @= sf7x ;s] af\uf]l6\Uff] xg jf ;fFulg . > k;f\UofO gf) k;f\
mof jf k|lqmof . k;f\Uofx6 gf) k;f\lug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof k;f\UofO . k;f\Uofxf l
k;f\lug] vfnsf] . k;f\lu|g  c) lqm) [k;f\lug] != sf7x 3fd, xfjf cflbn] ;s]/ vlDrg
, ;fF3l/g, aflg, 6]l9g, lqk6 xg . @= 3fp vl6faf6 kfgL, kLk cflb lg:sg aGb x
g d;f\lu|g . #= ;]k|f] xg rfplg . $= k;f\lug . > k;f\Uo|fO gf) k;f\lu|g] lqmo
k|lqmof . k;f\Uo|fOg s) lqm) k;f\lu|g] kflg . k;f\Uo|fpg k|]) lqm) k;f\lu|g nfpg
k;f\Uo|fx6 gf) k;f\lu|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k;fgLk;fg] gf) [;+) k|:j]lbgL] != hldgaf6
kfgL ;fpg] lqmof kfgL pd|g] lqmof . @= udL{ jf c sg} sf0fn] ;fP aflx kl;gfem}F lg:
f] b|j kbfy{ . k;f\g ;) lqm) [;+) k|;f g] != nfdf] kf] k}mnfpg jf lkmFhfpg ndtGg
{ tGsfpg . @= t]5f]{ kfg{ t]:of{pg . #= ;tfpg n8fpg . $= 9fNg . > k;ffO gf) k;
fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . k;flg c) lqm) != ;Tg n]6\g ndtGg eP t]l;{g . s) lqm) @=
k;fg]{ sfd ulg . k;ff] gf) != htftt} 5lg] jf cnkq eP lkmFlhg]k}mng] sfd l5nf] 5:
) @= la6\uf]l;t x]sf] kfFlhPsf] (dfntfn, dflg; cflb) . k;fofO gf) k;flg] efj, lqmof
f k|lqmof . k;fofx6 gf) k;fofO . k;fn\g ;) lqm) [k;\ cfn\ g] != k;fpg 3;fpg xN
{ . @= sf]Rg vfFbg \  . #= xfNg . > k;fnfO gf) k;fNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k;fln
g s) lqm) k;fNg] sfd ulg . kl;g s) lqm) [k;\ O g] k:g] sfd ulg . kl;gf gf) [;+)
bg] != kl>d jf udL{n] zLsf f]ds"kaf6 lg:sg] kfgL k|:j]b . @= afkmaf6 lg:s]sf] kfgL k;
gL . sf] sdfO gf) kl>d jf d]xgtsf] cfh{g . k;Lgf gf) x]) kl;gf . k;]L gf) [kfFr ;]
dgsf] cf7f}F efu . @= kfFr ;]sf] tf}n kfFr ;]sf] 9s . k;]? gf) klZrdL g]kfnsf] hfhsf]
6 lhNnflt k|rlnt Ps nf]sg[To . k;f]Tkfbs lj) [c\) k; ;+) pTkfbs] kLk pAhfpg] vfnsf] kL
k pAhfpg] u0f ePsf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kxlnofkx]n ] kxlnof lj) [kxnOof] != df}sfcg';f sfd ug{ hfGg] kxn hfGg] . @= dgsf] bf
kg]{ uL kf;f xfGg hfGg] . kxf8 gf) [;+) kfiff6  kfiff0f] != ;dtn hldgsf] ;txb]lv w
]} dfly;Dd p7]sf], k|foM 9'
u \ f w]} ePsf] k[YjLsf] prf] efu . @= s'g} j:t'sf] 7"nf
] y'k|f] kj{t 8fF8f] . kxf8f gf) [;+) k|:tf] s'g} c
\ssf u'0fgkmnsf] qmlds ;"rL qmlds
] rn]sf] b'gf]6 b'gfO . kxfl8ofkxf8Lkxf8] lj) [kxf8OofO{P] != kxf8sf] kxf8df a:g]
kfOg] jf b]lvg] . @= h
\unL kfv] c;Eo . kxf gf) [;+) k|sfz6] 3fdsf] tfk ;"o{af6 cfpg]
jf tftf]kgf . > kxflnf] lj) != 3fd nfUg] kxf nfUg] . @= Gofgf] flknf] (3fd) . klxrfg
 ;) lqm) [klxrfg g] != klxrfg ug{ lrGg . @= kfv ug{ tf8\g . > klxrfg gf) != lrgf
fgL klro k|Tole1fg . @= sg} j:tsf] u0f, d"No cflb hfGg] sfd kfv . #= HffFraem . k
lxrflgg s) lqm) klxrfGg] sfd ulg . klxof gf) [;+) klysf] uf8L cflbnfO{ af6fdf lxF
8fpg d2t ug]{ kf\u|f] rSsf . klxg ;) lqm) [;+) klwfg > *klwfg > * klxf0f] nuf, ux
lb zLdf nufpg k}x|g . > klxg gf) zLdf nuf, uxgf cflb nufpg] sfd klxg] sfd klw
) klxg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . klxfOg s) lqm) klxg nfOg . klxfpg k|) ] lqm) klxg nfpg
klxlg ;) lqm) != klxg . s) lqm) @= klxg] sfd ulg . klxf] gf) [kxf]] != kxf8 eTs
f] eL kxf] . @= kxf8 eTs] v;]sf] 9u \ f, df6f] cflbsf] ;d"x . #= kxf8sf] eTsfO eOs
{ f] w:sfO e":vng . klxnf lj) [klxnf]sf] lt) )] != klxnf] k|yd . lqm) lj) @= klxn] pl
xn] . ~ a]t ] lj) klxnf]kN6 laofPsf] jf laofpg] (ufO{a:t cflb) . klxlng s) lqm) [
klxNofp O g] != k]mnf kflg e]fpg . @= klxrfg kfOg lrlgg . c) lqm) #= k]mnf kg{ .
lxnL lj) [klxnf] O{] != u0fgfsf qmdn] Pssf] :yfgdf kg]{ ;?sL cluNnL . @= sg} k|ltlGt
df k|yd :yfg k|fKt ug]{ (:qL) . klxn] lqm) lj) [klxnf] P] != cufl8 ;?df k|yd k6s . @
= plxn] k|frLg sfndf . klxnf] lj) [;+) * k|lyNn k|yd] != u0fgfsf qmdn] Pssf] :yfgd
f kg]{ ;?sf] cluNnf] k|yd . @= sg} k|ltlGtfdf k|yd :yfg k|fKt ug]{ . #= sfnqmdn] h]
7f] . ~ gDasf]
756

lj) != pQd bhf{sf] ;a}eGbf pDbf fd|f] . @= xb;Ddsf] xb}sf] (abdf;) . klxNofO gf) [ kl
Nofp - cfO)] klxNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] klxNofOg s) lqm) klxNofpg] sfd ulg
. klxNofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [kfOnf] ofp ;] != k]mnf kfg{ e]fpg . @= lrGg klxrf
#= d]nf]d];f] kfpg . > klxNofj6klxNofx6 gf) klxNofO . klxNo} lqm) lj) [klxnf] P]] !
= klxn] g} clu g} cufl8 g} . @= plxn] g} kfgf] ;dod} ctLtd} . kxr g \ ' k7fOPsf]
t', dflg; cflb lgot :yfgdf k'Ug' bflvnf x'g' . kx'r gf) [k|f) kx"r] != s'g} JolQm
jf j:t' st} k'Ug] sfd . @= lglZrt nIo;Ddsf] hjfO . #= lglZrt 7fpFdf k'u]sf] ;"r
gf . $= s'g} 7fpF jf ljifo;Dd k'Ug] zlQm ult k|jz ] . %= s'g} s'f] fd|L a'g] zlQm . ^
lrghfg klro klxrfg . &= s'g} s'f ug]{ jf u] k'ofpg] ;fdYo{ . ~ b:t' gf) 6sn cfl
f] JolQm 7]ufgfdf eP gePsf] yfxf ePkl5 u|fxsn] ltg{kg]{ sd . gfdf gf) k7fPsf] j:t
 jf JolQm lgot 7fpFdf kus ] f] k|df0f:jk k|fKt xg] l;b kxFr . ~ aflxsf] lj) zlQm
jf cfF6n] gkUg] . kxr fO gf) kx'Frg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kx'r fOg' s) lqm) kx'Frf
pg] sfd ulg' k'ofOg' . kx'r fpg' k|) ] lqm) k'Ug] u/fpg' k'ofpg' . kx'l rg' c) l
kx'Frg' . @= k'lug' . kx]n lj) [ kx]Fnf]] s]xL ;d:t zAbsf] cfDedf k|of]u x'g] kx]Fn
f] zAbsf] ;
\lIfKt k . lkQ gf) lkQ lau|] ;ff zL kx]n F f] x'g] f]u sdnlkQ sfdnf
Fn] . k' lj) ;j{q kx]n F f] ePsf] kx]n F } eP xg] kx]FnfDd] . > kx]n f gf) wfgdf
g:sg] a]nfdf ds}df 3f]uf k;fpg] a]nfdf kftdf b]lvg] kx]n F f]kg . kx]n fDd] lj) k
x]n F k', kLtdo . kx]N ofO gf) kx]Fnf b[li6uf]r x'g] sfo{ . kx]l ng c) lqm) [kx]F
] kx]Fnf] xg kLt \usf] aGg . kx]n L lj) [kx]n F f]O{] != kx]Fnf] j0f{sf] kx]Fnf
g] . @= kx]Fnf] j0f{sL (gfL) . ~ sf7 gf) kx]n F f] sf7 x'g] Ps hftsf] v . ~ kft gf)
ds} kfSgnfO{ vf]:6f] kx]n F f] x'g] cj:yf kx]Fnf . ~ ds} gf) kx]Fnf u]8f x'g] Ps h
ftsf] n]sfnL ds} . kx]n ] lj) [kx]n F f]P] != kx]Fnf] ePsf] kx]Fnf] j0f{sf] . gf)
@= lkQ lau|] ;ff zL kx]Fnf] x'g] f]u sdnlkQ ufof] lkQJoflw . #= cb'jfsf] h:tf] af]6
, ;vv08sf 9asf] kx]Fnf ;]nf kmNg] cf}ifwLsf kdf sfd nfUg] Ps sGb .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Pa'1.p65
757

kx]n f]kfO dfq kbf{ x'g] kf;fsf] Ps bfp . ~ y gf) g]kfnsf] k"jf{~rncGtu{t d]rL c~rn
df kg]{ Ps lhNnf . ~ kft] gf) kfFrrf];] cfsfsf] demf}nf vfnsf] 8fn] 3fF; . ~ kf]vL g
f) l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf kg]{ gfpln
tyf rf]r] 8fF8fsf pQdf sla #,*^% ld6sf] prfOdf x]s
f] ;;fgf kfFrj6f kf]vL ag]sf] bx . ~ kf]n gf) t'nfsf] tf}ncg';f ;jfaf]8L . ~ ;sf gf)
TsfnLg g]kfnsf lj) u0fgfsf qmdn] kfFr >L % dxffhflwfh . > kfrf} ;
\Vofdf kg]{ kfFr g
cfpg] . kfFh\g ;) lqm) [kfFhf] g] != v]tafL cflbdf pv]n]sf] aLpsf] ykf | ] kfg{
. @= gn;Fusf] sfl6Psf wfgsf] af]6 ;Sg ;Sg] uL ykf | ] kfg{ lglxg nufpg . #= k}
mnfpg lkmFhfpg . > kflhg' s) lqm) kfFhf kflg' aLp, gn cflb;Fusf] wfg cflb ;'Sgsf nf
lu lkmFhfOg' lglxg nufOg' . kfh'nf] lj) [kGhfnf]] != ;Dd k]sf] ;dy . gf) @= d}bfg k
. kfhf] gf) [k~hfcf]] != wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf aLp jf 3fF; cflbsf] d'7Ldf c6fP;Ddsf] y
'k|f] . @= gn;Fusf] sf6]sf wfgsf] ;'Sg ;Sg] uL kflPsf] y'k|f] lglxg . kf8 gf) [;+) kf
f8  kf0f] !=yf8fsf] cfwfh;f] efudf ylkPsf] a'OFunv08 . @= lkF9L jf lkF9Ldflysf] 5
fgf] . kf8'n] lj) [;+) kf08'] sfnf], kx]Fnf] j0f{sf e'O{Fdf ;]tf ;]tf] j0f{sf e'O{F
df rflxF kx]Fnf vfnsf kf6f jf kf
\u|f ePsf] (k|foM s's') . kf8 ] gf) [;+) kf08]o] a|f
Xd0f Iflqoxsf] Ps y jf ju{ kf08] . ~ s'f] gf) != gfpF glnO{sg s;}sf pk 3f]rk]r ulP
'f] 5gs . @= cfk;df cfb jf cgfb ghgfO{ ulg] s'f] . ~ ufnL gf) gfpF glnO{sg s;}nfO{ u
ufnL c:ki6 cfIf]k . ~ khgL gf) of]Uofof]Uosf] ljrf guL ljz]iftM k|ltli7t JolQmxsf] df
gxflg x'g] lsl;dn] ulg] khgL . ~ af]nL gf) kfF8]s'f] ufnL . kftL gf) [;+) k
\lQm] nx
0fL tfFtL n:s . kfb \ g ;) lqm) [kfFh\ g] x]) kfFHg . > kflbg' s) lqm) kfFlhg' .
L lj) [kfF;n ' f]O{] != 7"n7"nf kfF;n ' f ePsL (cfOdfO{) . @= kfF;'nf] (uLt, sljtf
cflbdf) . kf;n ' ] lj) [kfF;'nf]P] != 7"n7"nf kfF;'nf x'g] kfF;'nf df]6f x'g] . @=
alni7 . kf ; ' n f] gf) [ ;+ ) kf+ ; ' n ] != v' fsf] 5] k fL . @= v'f] (t'R5fy{df
) . kf;] gf) [kfFr;]] 8]9 la;f}nLsf] tf}n . kfO! gf) [kfpcfO] kfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
kfO@ gf) [af) af])] lk6\g] sfd lk6fO s'6fO .

kx]n f] gf) [;+) kLtn] != ;'g, a];f cflbsf] h:tf]
kLt . lj) @= To:tf]
sf] . ~ cu?
x]Fnf] sf7 x'g] Ps hftsf] cu? . ~ s]j f gf) kx]Fnf] k"mn 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] s]jFf
. ~ 3fd gf) ;fo
\sfnsf] tfkxLg ;"o{sf] k|sfz ;"o{ 8'Ag'eGbf cufl8sf] 3fd . (o:tf] 3f
d ePsf] a]nf s]6fs]6LnfO{ e"t nfU5 eGg] cGwljZjf; 5 .) ~ rgf gf) kx]Fnf] j0f{sf]
Ps hftsf] rgf uf}r0fs sfa'nLrgf . ~ an' gf) lsgffdf bfFtL k]sf ;;fgf kft x'g] kx]Fnf]
k"mn ;;fgf xlof kmn nfUg] Ps lsl;dsf] emfljz]if (o;nfO{ cfo'jb {] df anjLo{j4{s, w
ft'sf] f]u ljgfz ug]{ ut a9fpg] elgPsf] 5) . ~ df;L{ gf) kx]n F f af]qmf x'g] pQd h
ftsf] wfg . ~ d'uL gf) zTsfndf kfSg] Ps hftsf] d'uL . ~ ;xr gf) kx]Fnf] k"mn k'mNg]
{ lQm gf) kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] ;xr/ a'6L . ~ ;"oe Ps hftsf] ;"o{elQm k
"mn . kx]N ofO gf) [ kx]ln -ofO)] kx]lF ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kx]N ofOg
s) lqm) kx]Fnf] t'NofOg' . kx]N ofpg' k|) ] lqm) kx]Fnf] kfg'{ jf kfg{ nfpg' . kx
]nL gf) [;+) k|x]lnsf] != e|dfTds jf 3'dfpf] lsl;dn] lbPsf] nIf0fsf cfwfdf s'g} j:t
'sf] gfpF jf pQ lbg'kg]{ hl6n zAb jf jfSo pQ n'ss ] f] k|Zg cQf] s"6 k|xl] nsf c8\sf
@= xQkQ a'g g;lsg] hl6n s'f] sl7g ;d:of . #= uDeL x:o . kf gf) [afn af]nLdf] kfgL .
fsf] gf) [;+) k
\s] lxnf] n]bf] kfFuf] . kfuf gf) [ef] a)] :jf:gLdfG5]n] nufpg] :jb]z
'gfsf] n'uf (lbJo)) . kfu ] lj) [kfFuf]P] != kfFuf] ePsf] n]bf] . gf) @= kfFu] g'g .
~ g'g gf) ;d'b|sf 5]psf] n]bf] vfL agfOPsf] vfg] g'g . kfuf] gf) [;+) k
\s] gbL, kf]v
, en, af9L cflbn] aufP NofPsf] dlnnf] n]bf] df6f] dbd . ~ e"ld gf) gbLn] y'kf]sf] kf
Fuf] df6fn] ag]sf] hldg . ~ df6f] gf) gbLn] aufP Nofpg], pAhfpsf lglDt pkof]uL ldl
xg n:;fbf dlnnf] df6f] . kfr gf) [;+) k~r] != rf Pssf of]usf] ;
\Vof kfFrsf] c
\s
) rf/ / Pssf of]usf] . ~ c
\un ' ] gf) != xy'{
\ufsf cfsf/sf] Ps a'6L s/Hof]8L . lj)
@= kfFr c
\u'nsf kldf0fsf] . #= kfFrj6f cf}Fnf x'g] . ~ cf}n ] gf) kx]Fnf] k"mnsf]
efudf u'nfaL l6sl6s] ePsf] kfFr cf}Fnfsf cfsfsf] sGb x'g], (cfo'j]{bdf o;sf hfnfO{
kf}li6s ?lrsfs elgPsf]) a'6Lljz]if kfFr c
\u'n . vfn gf) sfe|] lhNnfsf] w'lnv]n k"j
]{Qsf] Ps d0fLo pkTosf . ~ tLg gf) Ps kf;fdf kGhf, csf]{df b'jf csf]{df kf]6

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

kfOskfs\g kfOs gf) [;+) kfbs] kfos kflxs . kfOsf gf) [c\)] 5fKg] afx| KjfOG6sf] 6fOk
cIf . kfOvfgf gf) [kmf) kfovfgf] != lb;flk;fa ug]{ 7fpF jf 3 rkL{ zf}rfno . @= lji7f
n . kfOhfdf gf) [kmf) kfohfdf] != 7"n7"nf afxnf xg] Ps k|sfsf] vsn  f] ;?jfn
. @= xfQLkfOn] ;?jfn Xjf\Nof] . kfOtf] gf) [;+) kbofqf] != cfgf] 3 5f]8L cGoq k|:yfg
ug]{ ;fOt . @= kb]z jf 6f9f hfgkbf{ ;fOtdf cfk"m lg:sg g;s]sf v08df dx"t{bf]if
d]6\g hg}, ;kfL cflb k ;fg]{ wfld{s jf nf}lss ljlw . #= To; k|sfsf df\ulns j:t . ~
;fO gf) != ;fOtsf ;dodf df\ulns j:tnfO{ k ;fg]{ sfd . @= ofqfsf] nflu k|:yfg . kfO
yfuf]; gf) [u|L)] ljqmdsf] kfFrf}F ztfAbLk"j{sf Ps lu|;]nL bfz{lgs tyf ul0ft1 . kf
Og gf) [;+) kfgLo] != kmnfdsf xltofxdf wf nfUg] gbf]la|g] kfg{sf lglDt r9fOg] kfgL x
tofx cfufdf ttfP ftf] kfL xflng] kfgL . @= ;fdYo{ zlQm ths . kfOg s) lqm) [kfp O
t ulg k]mnf kflg e]l6g . kfOG6 gf) [c\) KofG6] ;?jfnh:tf], df]xf]tf 7"nf] ePsf] v
sn  f] kf];fs kfoG6 . kfOk gf) [c\)] != tn kbfy{ l5/fpg ag]sf] kmnfd, l;d]G6, df6f]
cflbsf] nfdf] 9\jf] gnL 8F8 . @= 9\u|f] . #= sSs8 vfg] cfwlgs z}nLsf] lrlnd jf
;Nkf . kfOlk gf) [c\)] != rf]nf], ef]6f], syf{ cflb l;pFbf unfdf kg]{ efunfO{ kfO
kh:t} 8f]nf] kf] l;Og] ljlw l;nfOsf] Ps k|sf . @= kfOlkg . kfOlkg gf) [kfOlk] ;fLsf
df ufFl;g] sk8f ;fLsf] ;Ghfk . kfOn] lj) [kfOnf] P] kfOnf]h:tf] kfOnf xg] (h:tf] xfQL
fOn]) . kfOnf] gf) [;+) kfbtn] != k}tfnf] kfbtn . @= k}tfnfsf] lrXg k}tfnfsf] 8fd uf
]xf] . #= sbd km8\sf] . v]bf] gf) kfOn}lkR5] v]bf] ug]{ sfd nf]v]bf] . kfO{F gf) [kf
g] != kfOg kfgL . @= zlQm ;fdYo{ tfst . #= :k"mlt{ cf]h . $= kgf . %= cx\sf . kfO{!
[;+) kfb] != eftLo Ps k};fsf] rf}yf] efu . @= jfSo k"f ePkl5 lbOg] 7f8f] wsf]{ k"0
f{ljfdlrXg v8LkfO{ 7f8LvL . kfO{@ gf) [af) af]] s6g \ ] sfd lk6fO . kfp gf) [g]j
f, nK;L, cfFk, ltqL, sfutL, lga'jf cflbaf6 tof kflPsf] cldnf], kLf], u'lnof] :jfb e
Psf] vfB j:t' . kfp gf) [;+) kfb] !=uf]8f] v'f] kfb . @= Znf]s jf kBsf]
758

Ps r0f . #= rf}yf] efu rt'yf{+z . $= aL; tf]nfsf] tf}n jf Tolt tf}nsf] 9s . %= c9f
O{ ;o u|fdsf] kldf0f . ^= kRrL; ;]lG6ld6sf] gfk . lj) &= Ps kfpsf] gfk jf kldf0fafasf
] . kfpsi6 gf) cfpg]hfg] sfdf si6, bMv cfpg cfu|x . kfpg ;) lqm) [;+) k|fk0f] != v
]h] jf gvf]hLsg sg} j:tnfO{ e]fpg k|fKt ug{ . @= xfPsf] j:t k]mnf kg{ e]fpg .
= 1fg]lGb|odfk{mt cgej u|x0f ug{ . $= ;Sg ;dy{ xg . %= hGdfpg k}bf ug{ hGd l
bg . ^= cflty]on] jf efG;]n] lbPsf] ef]hg vfg] dfG5]n] :jLsf ug{ . &= s;}n] lbP
sf] s]xL sf] s;}n] lng . kfphkfph]a gf) [kmf) kfoh]a] :qLhfltn] kfpdf nufpg] 3Fu
fx nfu]sf] rfFbL, ;g cflbsf] uxgf g"k . kfp8 gf) [c\)] != r]xf jf zLsf] ;Gbt
g] Ps k|l;4 ;ulGwt r"0f{ . @= w"nf] r"0f{ . kfpbfg gf) [kfp bfg] != kfp fVgsf lglDt
agfOPsf] j:t jf :yfg . @= d]r, s;L{sf dlg kfp fVgsf lglDt flvg] rf}sL . #= ;jfLd
f r9\bf 6]Sg] ;jfLsf cjoj . $= u2kf]; . > kfpbfgL gf) kfpbfg . kfpgL gf) [kfp gL] kfOg
] rLh jf j:t . kfpg] lj) [kfp g]] k|fKt ug]{ eQmfgL lng] k|fks . kfpG8 gf) [c\)] !=
mG8} cfwf ;]sf] kfZrfTo tf}n . @= aL; l;lnafasf] Ps a]nfOtL db|f . kfpkf]; gf) [kmf)
kfokf]z] != hQf . @= kfpbfg . #= sf]7fdf k:geGbf klxn] hQfsf] w"nf] k5\g cf
]5fOPsf] rs6L u2bfg . kfp gf) [;+) k|fe[t] ;f}uft sf];]nL kfu/ . kfpf] gf) [;+) k
k|f=) kSvcf] > kfj8f]] c:sf]6 . kfpf]6L gf) [kf]t) { kfj f]6L] v"a;Fu pS;g] jf kmn]
xKk xg], vld xfn] agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] f]6L . kfpnf gf) [kfpnf]sf] lt) )] kfpnf] kf
f . kfpnfuL gf) [kfp nfuL] kf]lxtnfO{ hhdfgn] jf s;}n] afacfdf jf cGo dfGohgsf] uf
]8fdf lzn] 5f]P ug]{ clejfbg 9f]u . kfp nfUg ;) lqm) [kfp nfUg] != kbfk{0f ug{ . @=
9f]ue]6 ug{ . #= cfpg jf hfg (lzi6fy{df) kfNgxg   kfNg . kfpnf]! gf) [;+) k
Nnj] kNnj kfnjf . kfpnf]@ gf) [;+) kfbtn] hQf . kfp;f] gf) [;+) kfs ;f]] ;lgPsf],
dls{Psf] cflb 7fpFdf nufpg uxFtdf ksfP n]k agfOg] Ps k|sfsf] a6L jf To;}af6 ag]s
f] n]k . kfs\g c) lqm) [kfs g] != kfs kUg klkSj xg . @= kmnx ;klkfs eP vfg jf
Nofpg nfos

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
759

kfskfv] kfSo lj) [;+)] != ksfpg of]Uo ksfpgkg]{ . gf) @= ksfPsf] sf] kfSs] . kflIfs
lj) [;+)] != kIf;DaGwL kIfsf] . @= k|To]s kGw| lbgdf xg] jf k|sflzt ulg] . kfv08 g
f) [;+)] != j]blj?4 cfr0f ug]{ JolSt ;Dk|bfo jf dt . @= b]vfj6L elSt kf7k"hf cflbsf
] cf8Da 9f]Fu . #= 5n wf]sf . $= w"t{tf lrKNofOF . %= g};lu{s wd{sf ljkLt wd{ . ^= eu
jfg\ eStsf aLrdf dxfTdfn] dWo:ytf ug]{ sg} klg wd{ ck|ToIf O{Zjpkf;gf . ~ dt gf) kf
v08xn] rnfPsf] j]blj?4 gLlt . > kfv08L lj) != kfv08wd{df jf sd{df nfu]sf] . @= sd
fu{df rNg] . #= w"t{ . kfvge]b gf) [;+) kfiff0fe]b] x]) kfiff0fe]b . kfvL gf) [;+)
kf6nL] sn]hL sf tjf] kmn kmNg], ;]tf jf ftf sf k"mn kmNg] rfFksf 9asf kft xg] Ps
f] ;bfaxf j[If kf8L . kfvf gf) [;+) kIf] kfvf] . ~ afL gf) != ds}, e6df; cflb xg] kf
f] hUuf . @= kfgL gnfUg] lefnf] k]sf] afL leQ] hUuf . ~ latf{ gf) lj) ;+) !*^@df ;sf
x0f uL afFsL x]sf] latf{ af;Lx0fkl5 afFsL x]sf] latf{ . ~ afnL gf) != kfvfdf xg] a
nL (ds}, sf]bf] cflb) . @= gubLafnL . ~ a]t gf) kfvfdf xg] a]t dxfuf}L a]t . ~ leQ
f gf) != 3fFr kxf8sf] k]mbL . @= 8fF8fsf] 5]p5fp . #= lefnf] k]sf] uf]? gnfu] dl:snn
] cl8P s6f]sf]bfnfn] vGgkg]{ hldg . $= kfvf]kv]f] kv]f] . kfvL gf) [;+) kId O{] w]
f ePsf] afSnf], df]6f] v;|f] pmgLsf] cf]9\g] w:;f . kfvL gf) [kfvf] O{] != ;fgf] k
vf] . @= kfvf] (uLt, sljtf cflbdf) . #= f]6] kLdf bO{lt bO{ xftn] ;dfpg] 7f8f sf7
. kfv ] lj) [kfvf] P] != cfg} xftn] sfd ug]{ cfgf afxann] hLljsf ug]{ . @= alnof
f xg] db{ nf7] . gf) #= df]xLn] klg v]tL ug{ lbPsf] csf]{ df]xL kfv] df]xL df]xL .
~ td;s gf) skfnL td;seGbf clns ;fwf0f lsl;dsf] td;s . ~ bfpf gf) emG8} kfvfhqf uf
]nldNbf bfpf . ~ df5f] gf) kfvfh:t} jf kfvfsf cfsfsf] df5f] . ~ df]xL gf) df]xLsf]
lg df]xL kfv] . kfvf] gf) [;+) kIf6] xy{\ufdflyb]lv sd;Ddsf] xftsf] efu slxgfb]l
pFef] sfFwb]lv tnltsf] xftsf] efu afx . kfv] lj) [kfvf] P] != kfvfdf xg] . @= kfvf
df a:g] . #= c;Eo UjfFh] . $= kfvfjfn (3) . ~ lvrjf gf) afb{nL bnfgsf] 5fgf] d"n 5
fgf] Pp6} ePsf] afb{nL;lxtsf]

xg . #= 3fpvl6f cflbdf kLk elg . $= Hofnf, tna cflbsf] cfh{g k"f xg . %= lrQ b
Vg lklg jf kL xg . ^= dflg;sf f}F ;]tf xg . &= pd] jf al4 l5lKkg . kfs gf) [
+)] != ksfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= ksfPsf] kSjfGg . #= rf:gLdf ldnfP agfOPsf] cf}
ifwL Ps k|sfsf] Sjfy . $= vfPsf] j:t kRg] kfrglqmof . %= >f4df lk08 agfpg 5} ksfO
Psf] vL jf eft . ^= rf:gL kfu . &= kSjtf klkSjtf . tfpnL gf) bGTosyfsf cg;f dg nfu
] vfg]s  f] t?Gt lbg ;Sg] elgPsf] Ps dglrGt] tfpnL . kTyL gf) eF8Lleq hDg] ;fx|f
] r"g9\uf . ~ k4lt gf) != vfg]sf] cflb ksfpg] ljlw kfszf:q . @= vfPsf] sf] kRg] kf
rgk|0ffnL . kfsks gf) [kfs ks] != xNsf lsl;dn] ulg] cf3ft lk6kf6 7f]s7fs efses . @
fF8f]rfF8f] u] sfd l;4fpg] lqmof xf6x6 . lqm) lj) #= lk6kf6, 7f]s7fs jf xf6x6 u] .
kfsks ] lj) != xf6x6 ug]{ sfddf l56f]5ltf] . @= lk6kf6, 7f]s7fs efsesdf nfu]sf] .
kfsk6L gf) [;+)] != rnf] . @= eL . kfsnksn gf) [kfsn ksn] != e{O{+df xft fvL d8
\sLn] xfgL v] l ng] Ps lsl;dsf] afnv] n . lj) @= x[i6ki6 (afns) . kfszfnf gf) [;
+)] vfg]s  f ksfpg] 3 efG;f efG;f3 . kfs:ynL gf) [;+)] vfPsf] j:t kfs xf]pGh]n xg]
6leqsf] y}nf] kSjfzo cfFt . kflsg c) lqm) [kfs\ O g] != kfs xf]Og kfs]sf] xf]Og . @
kfsf] xf]Og . kfls:tfg gf) [kmf)] Pl;of dxfLkdf x]sf] g]kfnsf] l5d]sL b]zdf kg]{
;g\ !($& sf] cu:t !$ tflvdf eftaf6 5lP cl:tTjdf cfPsf] Ps :jtGq b]z . > kfls:tfgL lj
) kfls:tfg;DaGwL kfls:tfgsf] . kfs] gf) [g]jf)] pl;g] cldnf] jf ulnof] cj:yfdf kl0f
t ufOPsf] hfF8sf] 5f]qmf . kfs]6 gf) [c\) ks]6] vNtL uf]hL . ~ ux|f } lj) w]} k};f e
] ?lkofFjfn . df gf) kfs]6dff . dff gf) kfs]6 sf6] To;df ePsf] ;DklQ rf]g]{ JolS
f] lj) [;+) kSj] != cfufdf kfs]sf] ksfOPsf] . @= Ct'cg';f ;do k'u] klkSj ePsf] gd eP
(kmn cflb) . #= k|f}9 cg'ejL hflgkmsf klkSj . ~ O6 gf) kf]n]sf] OF6 . ~ t]n gf) e'
jf ksfPsf] vfg] t]n . kfsf]krf gf) [;+)] kfs:ynL;DaGwL f]usf] pkrflqmof . kfSsk'Ss g
f)lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) k's \ s] kfsk's . kfSs] gf) [;+) kfSo] kfs]sf] jf ksfPsf] vf
g]s'f] (bfn eft cflb) .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kfvf]kf5f 3 . ~ afnL gf) != kfvfafnL . kfvf] gf) [;+) kIf] != lefnf] hUuf t]k]{ kL k
gcl8g] hldg . @= kfgL gnfUg] k|foM ds}, sf]bf] cflb kfv]afnL dfq xg] hUuf . #=
kxf8sf k]mbltsf] hUuf kxf8sf] leQf] kv]f] . $= ;xb]lv aflxsf] kfos gk]sf] efu . %=
fsf] Psfltsf] efu . kv]f] gf) ;fdfGo lsl;dsf] lefnf] tyf 6fL k]sf] Hofb} lefnf]
? hf]Tg gxg] vfnsf] hUuf . ~ afL gf) kfgL gnfUg] gcl8g] hldg eLv]t . kfv|L gf) [;+)
ks{6L] lrNnf kft tyf emfDd k]sf] 7"nf] af]6 xg] 8fn] 3fF;sf lglDt k|of]u ulg] Ps h
ftsf] v cr{n]sf h:tf] kft 8d|Lsf h:tf kmn kmNg] Ps j[If . kfu! gf) [d})] != d}lyn
;dfhdf Ps ljz]if k|sf/sf] kuL . kfu@ gf) [;+) k|un] ;g, rfFbL cflbnfO{ kufn] Ps} 8
Nnf] kfg]{ ;gfsd{ . kfu# gf) [;+) kfs] ld7fO{ ulnof] kbfy{df 8afpgsf lglDt ksfO
Psf] lrgL jf ld;|Lsf] rf:gL kfs . kfun lj) [;+)] != axnf ;GsL, xfjf v:s]sf] ljlIfK
t . gf) @= axnfPsf] JolSt . #= uwfsf] aRrf] ufF8 . vfgf gf) kfunxsf] pkrf ug{sf lg
lDt flvg] 3 jf sf]7f . kg gf) axnf cj:yf af}nLkg . kfu gf) [;+) kglu{ng] kzxn
lgln;s]sf] 3fF;, kfn cflb ps]n] k]ml rkfpg] sfd pu|fO kfp/ . kfUdf gf) [ef]) a)] ;]t
] kmNg], cfojb {] df zlStjw{s le\uL f]u lgsf] xg] u0f atfOPsf] Ps a6L . kfu|L g
f) [;+) k|fsf O{] != 8f]sf, gf\nf, lrqf cflb ag] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ g]kfnsf] Ps hflt .
@= sfdLhfltsf] Ps e]b . #= g]kfnL 3sf] Pp6f cfsf (h:t} kfu|L3) . kf\St lj) [;+)] != k
St;DaGwL k\lStsf] . @= k\lStdf afFlwPsf] . #= ;dfg hfltkfFtLsf] . > kf\St]o lj) k\lSt
f ldNg] jf ;xfpg] k\lStdf ldnfpg ;lsg] ;hftLo . kf\uf | gf) != xfFuflaFuf gxg], le
q ;fx|f] ePsf], 6Kkfdf s]fpsf h:tf] 3d|]sf] nxfsf] efj xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg]
sf];fdf nfUg] kmn . @= cfojb {] df zlStjw{s dflgPsf] tyf hsf, rgf{ cflb gfz
ug]{ tyf afGtf f]Sg] u0f atfOPsf] To;}sf] af]6 . kf\u ]| lj) [kf\u|f] P] != kf\u|f eP
f] kf\u|fh:tf] k]sf] kf\uf| jfn . @= zLdf rqmfsf 6f6f ePsf] 6f6]kf\u]| (ss  cf
gf) kf\uf | sf cfsfh:tf] kf] agfOPsf] jf ksfOPsf] f]6L kfgLf]6L . kf\u|f] gf) !=
df]6 cflb ;jfLsf] u8\g] rSsf] klxof . @= ;;fgf kft, kx]Fnf nfdf k"mn nfdfnfdf
760

sf];f jf 6f6f kmNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . #= cfoj]{bdf zlStjw{s, afGtf f]Sg] hsf, rg
f{ cflb gfz ug]{ u0f atfOPsf] To;}sf sf];f jf 6f6fleq xg] af6nf] ;fx|f] laofF
n]skf\u|f] dxfs~h . kf\b\jf gf) [ef]) a)] lsfFtL hfltsf snb]ptf . kf\b  gf) !=
k ] rfF8} kfSg], fO{hfltn] lkt[kh " fsf lglDt pkof]udf Nofpg] Ps hftsf] sf]bf] . @=
rf}F]sf]bf] . #= afUnk"j{ u08sL pQtkm{ x]sf] Ps ufpF kf . kf\b  ] lj) [kf\b
vfg] sf]b] . @= c;Eo  kfs]sf kfv] . #= kf\bdf a:g] . ~ gfr gf) != kf\b avt jf Tol
gflrg] Ps lsl;dsf] gfr . @= c;Eo jf kfv] vfnsf] gfr . kfrs lj) [;+)] != ksfpg] kfs
tof ug]{ efG;fdf a:g] . @= krfpg] kl/kfs kfg]{ xhd ug]{ . gf) #= vfPsf] s/f] krfpg
] IffoSt Ps cfoj]{bLo cf}ifwL . $= efG;] . > kfrsf\u gf) vfPsf] sf] krfpg] c\u kfs
ynL . kfrg gf) [;+)] != ksfpg] sfd kSj ug]{ lqmof . @= krfpg] sfd xhd ug]{ lqmof .
#= ef]hgnfO{ krfpg] cf}ifwL kfrs . ~ lqmof gf) vfPsf] ckSj ef]hgnfO{ krfpg] lqmof
. ~ k|0ffnL gf) jg:klt tyf k|f0fL bjn } ] vfg] vfB krfpg] ljlw dnf]T;u{ ug]{ k|l
qmof . ~ oGq gf) vfPsf] sf] kfs ug]{ jf krfpg] oGq jf c\u kfrsf\u . ~ ; gf) kfs:ynL
]sf cGgflb j:t krfpgsf lglDt lg:s]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] ; . ~ j[l4 gf) kfrgzlStsf] ljsf
; jf ef]shufO . > kfrgf\u gf) kfrsf\u kfs:ynL . kfrgLo lj) != ksfpg of]Uo . @= krfpg
;lsg] xhd ug{ ;lsg] . kfrlotf lj) [;+)] != vfB j:t ksfpg] kfrs . @= krfpg] xhd ug]{
. kfrL gf) [;+)] nfDrf kft dl;gf v}f dhfjfn k"mn xg], cfoj]{bsf cg;f vl6f 5f
DaGwL f]unfO{ lxt ug]{ Ps hftsf] nxf] jf ;fu . kfrsLkfrs ] gf) [g]jf)] != kfkfrs]
u]afkt k|df0fsf] nflu n]lvPsf] sfut . @= ljjflxtf :qL k?ifn] k:kdf v;LfhL;Fu u]sf]
j}jflxs ;DaGwljR5]b kfkfrs] . kfR5} gf) [lr) kfO5fo] fof]sf] ;fu kf;fO{ kf5fO{ . kfR
lj) [;+)] != ksfpg of]Uo ksfpg ;lsg] . @= krfpg of]Uo krfpg ;lsg] . kf5\g ;) lqm) [
k|f) kR50f] != afF;, gs{6, pv, ds} cflbdf kftsf wfn] zLsf c\unfO{ vf]:ofpg bkm{ofpg
. @= j}Bff dfO{lgf]wsf lglDt 6Lsf lbg] sfd ug{ . kf5f gf) != j+zsf] qmd uf]q kvf}{
L xfFuf] . @= kl5 k5fl8 . #= glhs ;dLk .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
761

kf5fO{kf6] kf6nL gf) [;+)] kf6nf . kq gf) != eftsf] k6gf ;x . @= k|frLg duw;fd|fHos
] fhwfgL . kf6j gf) [;+)] rtofOF sf}zn k6tf bIftf rnfvL . > kf6ljs lj) rnfv rt
kf6f! gf) [;+) k6] wf]tL jf wf]tLsf] ;f6f] k]mg]{ sg} j:q (k6sf, uD5f, ?dfn O)
) . kf6f@ gf) [;+) k cf] != wftsf efF8fxdf 3gn] lk6\bf a;]sf] 8fd . @= bO{ sgfsf a
Lrsf] ;f]emf] ]vf jf lj:tf . #= r]K6f] j:tsf] Psfltsf] efu . $= Ps k|sfsf] sf] eO{F
f bf];|f] sf] w;f{ jf rfkf6] af . sf] et] gf) p3ff] 7fpF tyf clIft cj:yfsf] et]
) lqm) [kf6\ O g] != kf6\g] xf]Og . s) lqm) @= kf6\g] sfd ulg . kf6L! gf) [;+) klsf]
!= s]6fs]6LnfO{ cIf n]vfpg] sf7, 9u \ f cflbsf] kmNofs sf7 jf 9u \ fsf] l;nf]6 .
@= bf}fsf k]msf laANofF6fkl ufFl;g] sk8fsf] wf] . #= xnf] afFWbf xl; ldnfpg 7f]lsg] s
f7sf] RofK6f] rf]O6f] . $= cffn] lrb}{ u]sf sf7sf] lrlPsf] efult lrg{ ;lhnf] kfg{ 7f
]lsg] sf7sf] 6qmf] . %= sg} bnf] k]sf] 7fpF aRofpg 7f]lsg] sf7sf] 7]8L . kf6L
@ gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd jf lgdf{0f tyf rgf cflbsf] k4lt z}nL tlsf . @= klkf6L Llt
#= kf6Lul0ft c\sul0ft . kf6L# gf) [;+) k O{] != a6jfxnfO{ lj>fd ug{ Pj+ jf; a:gsf lgl
t agfOPsf] 3 wd{zfnf 6f}jf 7fF6L . @= vf6sf nDafO jf rf}8fOltsf rf yfg anf . sf] jf
) 3f geO{ kf6Ldf a:gkg]{ cj:yf . kf6L ul0ft gf) [;+)] != ul0ftzf:q . @= wnf}6f]df
sf]lPsf] lx;fa . kf6L kf}jf gf) [kf6L kf}jf] != a6jfxnfO{ jf; a:gsf lglDt agfOPsf] k
fgLsf] ;d]t Joj:yf ePsf] kf6L kf6L wff kf6L kf}jf . @= vf6 jf rf}sLsf rf yfg kf6L
yfg kf}jf (vf) kmn]s jf 8G8Lafx]s vf6sf cGo pks0f . kf6L latf{ gf) [kf6L latf{] kf6Lk
}jfsf] ]vb]v ug]{ JolQmn] kfPsf] latf{ kf}jfnLsf] latf{ . kf6 lj) [;+) kf6nL] wfgL
jf j0f{sf] (ufO{) . kf6] lj) [kf6f] P] != kf6}kf6f k]sf] kf6f ePsf] kf6fjfn . @= cT
s Hofb} w] k . #= afLsf] kf6fdf kfOg] kf6fdf xg] . ~ cN;L lj) Hofb} cN5L cN5Lsf]
. ~ vf}fO gf) s}FrLn] fu]kf6] uL sf6]sf] s]z;Hhf . ~ 3f; gf) ufO{a:t'n] vfg], b"w
9fpg] gd lrNnf] lsl;dsf] 3fF; . ~ l3f}nf] gf)

kf5fO{ gf) x]) kfR5} (;fu) . kfl5g' s) lqm) [kf5\Og'] != ds}, pv' cflbsf ;'Svf kftn]
zLsf c
\u 3f]l6g' jf sf]lg' . @= j}Bff gfL jf kfv'fdf 6Lsf lbg] sfd ulg' . kfhnL
kbrflnsf] != t];f]{ af6f] . @= ofqf jf k|:yfg . kfhL gf) [kmf)] != uwfsf] aRrf] .
@= s;}nfO{ ufnLsf kdf elgg] zAb . lj) #= b'i6 b'h{g . $= gLr t'R5 . kg gf) b'i6tf g
rtf . kf~rhGo gf) [;+)] != lji0f'n] k~rhg gfds b}TonfO{ xfO{ lnPsf] z
\v . @= k~rhg
gfds b}Toxsf] s'n jf j+z . kf~ref}lts lj) [;+)] k~rdxfe"tsf] k~rdxfe"tn] ag]sf] kfFr
ef}lts tj (k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo' cfsfz) ;DaGwL . kf~rfog gf) [;+)] != u0f]z, ;"o,{
b]jL, lzj lji0f' kfFr b]jb]jLsf] ;d"x . @= pSt b]jb]jLxsf] ;+o'St k"hf ug]{ ;Dk|b
fo . kf~rfn gf) [;+)] != cr]nsf] kGhfak|b]zdf kg]{ Ps k|frLg b]z . @= To; b]zsf] r
Gb|jz + L hflt . > kf~rflns gf) != lnR5ljsfnLg :yfgLo k~rfot jf ;ldlt . @= pSt ;l
dltsf] ;b:o . kf~rflnsf gf) != kfFr v]txsf] ;dbfo . @= b|f}kbL . kf~rfnL gf) != k
tnL v]nf}gf . @= ;flxTodf k|l;4 Ps k|sfsf] Llt jf z}nL . #= kf08jxsL ;uf]nsL :qL b|f}
kbL . $= :yfgLo k|zf;g tyf hglxt;DaGwL sfd ug]{ k~rxsf] k|frLg ;ef kf~rflns . kf6\g
! c) lqm) != kfgLn] 9fSg hldgsf rf}lt kfgLn] leHg . @= sg} j:t ;a} ahfdf nbfabL
kfOg . kf6\g@ ;) lqm) x]Ssfdf fVg ;Demg . kf6! gf) [;+) k6] != ;g, cf]bfn, cu]n {
L cflbaf6 lgsflnPsf] ;"t . @= ];d ];dsf] ;"t . #= ];dL sk8f . kf6@ gf) [;+)] k}mnfj6
lj:tf JoflKt lkmFhfO . kf6g gf) [;+) kQgkg] != cUnfcUnf kxf8aLrsf prfOdf x]sf] ;d
d}bfg . @= g]kfnsf] fhwfgLdf x]sf tLg ;xdWo] Ps nlntkQg nlntk . hLf gf) lxdfnL n
fOg] Ps a6L . kf6lk6 gf) [kf6 lk6] xNsf lsl;dsf] lk6fO lk6kf6 kfsks . > kf6lk6] lj)
cnfO{ kf6lk6 ug]{ Kofk lkl6xg] . kf6k6 gf) [kf6 k6] != lk6kf6 . lqm) lj) @= lk6kf6
;fydf . kf6n gf) [;+)] != unfkmL \u . @= kfvLsf] v jf To;}sf] k"mn . lj) #= nfn unf
mL . > kf6nf gf) != kf8Lsf] v . @= buf{sf] Ps k .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kf6f]kf8/L kf6}kf6f k]sf] l3f}Fnf] kf6]tf]lofF . ~ lhg gf) l;ssf] kNnf cyjf 8;gf cfl
] kNnfsf kdf k|of]u ulg] kf6}kf6f k]sf] ;tL sk8fsf] Ps e]b kf6fjfn lhg sk8f . ~ hs
f] gf) h\undf xg] r]K6f], 7"nf] hftsf] hsf] . ~ hf]8fO gf) bO{ leGgfleGg} xnsf P
sPs uf]?ff csf]{ xn afFWg] sfd . ~ tf]lof gf) kLknsf kftsf cfsfsf 7"n7"nf kft x'g],
Fnf] k"mn k'mNg], kf6}kf6f k]sf nfdf kmn kmNg] nxf] . @= tsf{Lsf kdf k|of]udf cfpg]
To;}sf] kmn kf6]l3f}Fnf] lemFugLtf]lofF . ~ k]nL gf) b'O{ JolQm;Fu PsPs dfq uf]? eO{
O{ JolStsf PsPs uf]? ldnfP Ps xn tNofO{ k:kdf sfd rnfpg afFlwPsf] ;DaGw afxf . ~ aw
f) kf6]hf]8fO . ~ af3 gf) zLdf sfnf jf kx]n F f kf6f ePsf] af3 (fon a
\ufn6fOu) . ~ a
f] gf) ;]tf kf6f xg] Ps hftsf] af?nf] . ~ l;dL gf) kf6f k]sf] sf];f kmNg] Ps hftsf
] l;dL . kf6f] gf) [;+) k] != afLsf] ljzfn rsnf ;tx ldn]sf] kmflsnf] hUuf kf6f . @= b
O{ sgfsf aLrsf] e"ld kf6f . #= Ps sf] eO{Fdf csf]{ k]sf] w;f]{ . $= sg} j:tsf cf
fdf b]lvg] r]K6f] cfs[lt jf wf] . kf7 gf) [;+)] != k9\g] sfo{ jf sfd k9fO . @= lgod
jf ljlwk"js { sg} wfld{s u|Gy cflb afRg] sfd . #= k9\g] jf k9fpg] ;fdu|L . $= u
?n] lzionfO{ Ps k6s 3f]Sg lbPsf] c+z . %= kf7k:tssf] sg} klR5]b . ^= afRg] jf k
9\g] lqmof . & ctL{ pkb]z . *= k|]0ff eSt cgej . > kf7s gf) != k9\g] 5fq . @= k9fp
g] u? . #= syfjfrs . $= a|fXd0fhfltsf] Ps y . ~ 306f gf) != gofF lzIff k|0ffnLcg;
f Ps ljifosf] xKtfe/ k9fOg] 306f (q]ml86 cfj) . @= sg} kf7ljifosf] kf7efsf] cgkft .
> kf7g gf) k9fpg] sfo{ cWofkg . kf7gLo lj) k9fpg of]Uo cWofkg ug{ ;xfpg] k9fpg xg]
jf ldNg] . ~ kq gf) sIffsf k|To]s ljBfyL{nfO{ xftxftdf lbgsf lglDt lzIfsn] tof kf]s
f], Ps lbgdf k9fOg] ljifosf dVo dVo aFbfsf] n]vf]6 jf 6fOk u]sf] kq . ~ krf{ gf)
kf7kq . ~ e]b gf) Ps} k:tssf bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L k|ltdf n]lvPsf zAb, jfSo cflb
df b]lvPsf] leGgtf kf7fGt . ~ of]hgf gf) Ps lbgdf lglZrt cjlwdf k9fOg] ljifosf] klx
n] g} tof kflPsf] of]hgfa4 k]vf . zfnf gf) ljBfyL{ jf 5fq5fqfxnfO{ lzIff lbOg] jf k
g] 3 ljBfno :s"n . zflngL gf) dfG5]em}F af]Ng] zflngL kIfL d}gf rL . zfnLo lj) k
DaGwL kf7zfnfsf] . kf7fGt gf) kf7e]b . kf7f! gf) [kf6f] cf] af6Nkft] emfsf] 7"nf] rfl
F k|sf .
762

kf7f@ gf) [;+)] lgs} 7"nf] kft xg,] 5]p5fpdf k"mn kmNg], cfoj]{bsf cg;f tLtf]
hf] xg], cfpF z"n f]usf lglDt lxtsfL xg] dflgPsf], Ps hftsf] v r9\g] nxf] . kf7f#
) [;+) kq] ;]nf]6L ksfpFbf 6qmf6qmL k] tfO{df x]sf f]6Lsf emsf{ . (nf]Ug]dfG5]n] k
f7f vfFbf 5f]/L5f]L xG5g\ eGg] nf]sf]lSt 5 .) kf7f$ gf) [kf7f]sf] a) j) tyf lt) )]
kf7f] . ~ kf7L gf) afv|f], e]8f], ;Fu, d[u cflbsf ;fgf aRrf jf 5fpf . kf7fjnL gf)
[;+)] kl9g] k:tssf kf7xsf] qmda4 ;d"x kf7u|Gyfjln kf7ljifofjln . kfl7sf gf) [;+)] !=
k9\g] jf k9fpg] :qL . @= kf7 ug]{ :qL . kfl7t lj) [;+)] k9fOPsf] kf7 ufOPsf] . kf7L
! lj) [;+)] != kf7 ug]{ afRg] . @= k9\g] cWoog ug]{ kf7s . #= kl9;lsPsf] k9] l;4fOPs
. kf7L@ gf) [Kff7f] O{] e]8f, afv|f, ;Fu cflbsf] kf]yL aRrf] 5fpL . kf7Lg gf) [;+)]
= nfdf] ytg  f] xg] Ps hftsf] df5f]ljz]if . @= cWoogcWofkgsf] sfd ug]{ JolSt .
#= kf0f cflbsf] jfrs . kf7] lj) [kf7f] P] kf7f];DaGwL kf7fsf] . 3 gf) ue{df afns j
Rrf] xg] y}nf] :qLhfltsf k]6df xg] aRrf a:g] y}nf] uef{zo tNnf] k]6 eF8L . ~ efO gf
= Pp6} kf7 k9\g] jf ;Fu;Fu} k9\g] ;fyL ;xkf7L ;xfWofoL . @= Ps} sf]vsf] bfh jf ef
O ue]{ efO . kf7f] gf) [;+) k[ys   lzz] != e]8f, afv|f, d[u, ;u F  cflbsf] efn]
aRrf] . @= lkF8fnsf] ufgfdf hf]lN6P x]sf] k8s \ f] 5fpf] . kf7 lj) [;+)] k9\g nfos
9\g xg] k9fOof]Uo kf7 ug{ of]Uo k7gLo . qmd gf) k9fpgsf lglDt tf]lsPsf] ljifo To;s
] k"jf{kqmd . qmd ljsf; s]Gb| gf) kf7qmd kf7k:tsxsf] lgwf{0f Pj+ th{df ug]{ ;+:
~ u|Gy gf) kf7k:ts . ~ k:ts gf) ljBfno Pj+ ljBfkL7xdf ljBfyL{xn] cf}krfls tjn] k9\
 g]{ k:ts . ~ j:t gf) kf7qmddf plNnlvt kf7;fdu|L . ~ ljifo gf) k9fOg] ljifo k9fpg
kg]{ ljifo kf7j:t . ~ ;fdu|L gf) != sIffdf ljBfyL{xnfO{ k9fpg kf7qmddf plNnlvt ;fdu|
L . @= k9fpFbf rflxg] sg} ;fdfg (lstfk, rs, 8:6 O)) . kf7f+z gf) [;+)] ljBfyL{xnfO{
k9fOg] k:tssf] lgwf{lt c+z jf efu . ~ rqm gf) k9fOg] ljifosf lgwf{lt c+zxsf] qmlds
;"rL . kf8\sf] gf) !=k]mf] . @= 7]8L . kf8L gf) [;+) kf6nL] a:txn] vfg] 8fn] 3fF;sf
kdf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
763

kf8Lkftfn ;lsg] . kftklt\ukftklt gf) [;+) kq kqf\s] em]sf kftxsf] ;d"x kts .
kft kft P]] != vdf kft xg] jf rfNg] uL . @= s}lkR5], h:t} kftkft} l6Kg (sf sf6\g)
kftlotf lj) [;+)] v;fNg] jf emfg]{ sfd ug]{ kftg ug]{ v;fnjf . kftn gf) [;+) kqtn]
;w}F xfef eOxg] n]ssf] ;]lknf] Pj+ 3gf h\un . kftlng c) lqm) [kftnf] O g] != kftnf]
g 3gTj 36\g df]6fO sd xg . @= kGofnf] xg tn xg . #= eL8 sd xg 3Or F f] sd
xg . $= sg} j:t hf]l8P gxL kk 5} xg . kftnL lj) [kftnf] O{] != kftnf] zL eP
L fd|f], ;fgf] 5ltf] hLp ePsL . @= bAnL l;s6] (gfL) . #= 5fnf kftnf] ePsf] f}F
k] lrNnf] b]lvg] (ufO{) . gf) $= xsjf, k7jf cflbsf slgpFdf lkGhLeGbf dflysf] kft
nf] k]mf] . kftn] lj) [kftnf] P] != kftnf] cfsf jf kq ePsf] . @= bAnf] lvofp6] . [kft
n P] #= kftndf xg] . gf) $= sfnf] e; tyf ftf] rfdn xg] Ps hftsf] wfg cfFuf . ~ s6
; gf) kftnsf vdf kmNg] jf ofKk kft xg] Ps hftsf] s6; . ~ 9s  gf) ;fgf] lrl6Ss
sf] Ps hftsf] 9s . ~ lgxf] gf) ;;fgf 8fF7 xg] Ps hftsf] lgxf] . ~ f]6L gf) rfdn
f uxFsf kL7fsf] kftnf] uL ksfOg] afa . ~ l;:g gf) ;fgf 8fF7 ofD6f xg] Ps hftsf] l;
:g cNnf] . kftnf] lj) [;+) kqn] != kGofnf] tn . @= afSnf] gePsf] df]6fO Psbd sd ePsf
] kfTnf] . #= bAnf] l;s6] lvgfp6] . $= k:kdf ghf]l8O{ cnucnu x]sf] aLraLrdf vfnL e
] -sg} j:t_ . kftNofO gf) [ kftnL - ofO)] gf) kftlng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kft
NofOg s) lqm) kftlng] kflg kftnf] agfOg . kftNofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) kftlng] kfg
kftnf] tNofpg . kftf! lj) [;+)] != Iff ug]{ Ifs ;+Ifs . @= lkpg] sfd ug]{ lkoSs8
ftf@ gf) [kftf] cf] x]) kftf] . ~ kmsf{O gf) bO{ xft k5fl8kl nuL afFw ] ckfwL cflbnfO
b08 lbg] Ps pkfo . kftf# gf) kq wft cflbsf] kftnf] kq . kftfn gf) [;+)] != kf}jf{
To kDkfcg;f k[YjLsf tnlt xg] ;ft nf]sdWo] ;aeGbf tNnf] nf]s kQfn gfunf]s . @= k[lyj
bf tnsf] sg} nf]s . #= 3 ag]sf] jf agfpg]

k|l;4 Ps hftsf] j[Ifljz]if kfvL . kf8L gf) [kf8f] O{] e}F;Lsf] kf]yL aRrf] . kf8f] gf)
[;+) k[ys  ] e}F;Lsf] efn] aRrf] fFuf] . kf9L gLd gf) [kxf8L gLd] kxf8lt xg] Ps vfn
sf] gLd kxf8L gLd . kfl0f gf) [;+)] x]) xft . u[xLtf gf) ljjfx ePsL kTgL ljjflxtf :j
f:gL . u|x0f gf) != ljjfxsf ;dodf jn] jw"sf] xft ljlwk"j{s ;dfTg] wfld{s ljlw . @=
ljjfx . u|xLtfu|fxs gf) nf]Ug] . tn gf) xTs]nf] . kfl0flg gf) [;+)] s]xL ljrfsxs
;f km0fL jf k0fL hftsf] Jofkfls ;dfhdf hlGdPsf, ;+:s[t Jofs0fsf rlotf jf cfrfo{ Ps k
|l;4 dlg . > kfl0fgLo lj) != kfl0flgn] agfPsf] jf r]sf] kfl0flg;DaGwL . gf) @= kfl
0flglrt Jofs0f ci6fWofoL . kf08f gf) != af}4 wd{cg;f k~rtffdWo] Ps . @= cldtfesL kT
lSt . #= kb\dkfl0fsL dftf jf cfdf . kf08j gf) [;+)] dxfeftk|l;4 kf08sf kfFr 5f]f k~
rkf08j (olwli7, eLd;]g, ch{g, gsn ;xb]j) . kfl08To gf) [;+)] kl08t xgfsf] efj
jf kl08tdf xgk  g]{ ljz]iftf ljQf, kl08TofOF . kf08 gf) [;+)] != k~rkf08jsf lktf
. @= s]xL ftf] efjsf] kx]Fnf] . #= gLnf] efjsf] ;]tf] . $= ;Dk"0f{ zL f}F ;]tf
Ps f]u Zj]tsi7 ;]tf] sf]9 . lj) %= kf08 sf] . > kf08 gf) != ;]tf] . @= kx]Fnf]
08f]u . lj) $= kx]Fnf] efjsf] ;]tf] kfF8n] . lnlk gf) != k|];df sDkf]h ulg] lnlvt
jf 6\lst n]vrgf d"n k|lt u?sfkL . @= x:tlnlvt v];|f jf d:of}bf kf08n]v . n]v gf)
lnlk . ~ n]vg gf) kf08lnlk tof kfg]{ sfd kf08n]v tof kfg]{ sfd lnlksd{ . kft! gf)
;+) kq] af]6la?jf cflbsf xfFuflaFufaf6 lg:sg] xlof] Pj+ kftnf] cjoj kq af]6la?jfn]
;f; k]mg]{ c\u . kft@ gf) [;+)] != v:g] jf emg]{ sfd ktg v;fO emfO . @= gfz xg] jf l
u|g] lqmof ljgfz :jfxf ;Tofgfz . #= d[To d0f . $= s;}dflysf] k|xf tf8g lxsf{O . kf
[;+)] ssd{lt ws]Ng] tj kfk cwd{ . > kftsL lj) != kfksd{df nfu]sf] kfkL . @= ckfw s
ug]{ cwdL{ . #= P]gadf]lhd bfdn ePsf] nf]Ug] jf :jf:gLaf6 hlGdPsf] ;Gtfg l5tsL afkt
L . kft~hn lj) [;+ ) ] kt~hln;DaGwL jf kt~hlnn] agfPsf] (Jofs0fsf] dxfefio jf of]u
bz{g) . kftg gf) [;+)] != v;fnfO emfO . @= 9fNg] jf n8fpg] sfd . > kftgLo lj) v;fNg j
f emfg{ of]Uo emfg{ xg] jf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kftfnLkfb\g hUuf . $= c\un jf dfqfsf] ;ft ugfafasf] gfk . %= b[li6, dlg jf clAwaf
f] gfk . ^= ;ft cdnafasf] gfk . &= 3 eTs]sf] 38]L vF8x . ~ oGq gf) wft unfpg] cs{,
cflb tof ug]{ oGq . jf;L gf) != b}To bfgj gfu . lj) @= kftfndf a:g] . > kftflng c)
lqm) != tnlt emg{ efl;g . @= elTsg . kftfnL lj) [;+) kftfn O{] != kftfnsf] . @= e"
ue{sf] . ~ rfg gf) wftnleq cfufsf] k|efjaf6 ag]sf] s8f rfg . kftfn] lj) [;+) kftfn P]
= kftfnsf] kftfn;DaGwL . @= kftfndf a:g] jf kfOg] . kfltt lj) [;+)] != v;flnPsf] em
flPsf] lufOPsf] ktg ufOPsf] . @= n8fOPsf] 9flnPsf] . kfltTo gf) [;+)] != cfrf, zLn
f6 kltt xg] lqmof . @= hflt Pj+ wd{af6 Rot xg] efj jf cj:yf . kfltj|tkfltj|To g
f) [;+)] != kltj|tf :qLn] kfng ugk { g]{ wd{ . @= kltj|tf :qLsf] ;dlrt u0f .
#= kltk|ltsf] g}lts OdfgbfL . $= kk?ifl;tsf] ;ts{tf . kftL! lj) [;+)] != tn v:g] em
g]{ tnlt lug]{ . @= v;fNg] emfg]{ lufpg] . #= 9fNg] n8fpg] . lj) af]) $= wGojfbsf abn
sf] cfIf]k . kftL@ gf) [kft O{] != kft kq . @= b]jtfnfO{ r9fOPsf] k"mnk|;fb . #= lkt
[k|;fb klxfpFbf kf]lxtn] k9\g] dGq . $= a|fXd0f jf kf]lxtn] ohdfgnfO{ lkt[k|;fb k
lxfpFbf k9\g] dGq . %= k"mnkft . kft] gf) [c) d") kr\ P > kfr]] != s;}n] af]n]sf sf
xf:ofTds Lltaf6 sf6\g] pNSofxf JolSt . lj) [kftf] P] @= kftf k]sf] kftf;DaGwL . [kft P]
#= kft ePsf] kft;DaGwL . ~ sf] gf) r]K6f kft ePsf] Ps yL 8Nn] sf] . ~ s6f] gf) km
snf] kftf] ePsf], 5ltf] vGg] xltof jf s6f] . ~ emnf] gf) Cl4ntf . ~ lkm:6f] gf) kf
tx hf]8] y}nL cfsfsf] uF8 agfpg] lkm:6f] rf] . kft}kft gf) [kft kft] != w]} jf yk|}
t . @= nufkmf6fsf] 5fn}5fn . (pbf) clgsfn nfu] eft}eft, nuf kmf6] kft}kft . pvf
g) . kftf]! gf) [;+) k] != sg} klg wft lk6] r]K6f] kflPsf] kftnf] kq kftf . @= sf]b
fnf], sfbfnL cflbsf] vGg]ltsf] kftnf] kmflsnf] efu . #= tdfv 6fF;] lrlndleq 3f]K6fO
g] df6fsf] va6f] cyjf 9u \ f cflbsf] r]K6f] ;fwg . $= gfDnfsf] rN7fOP r]K6f] jf k
ftnf] kflPsf], yfKnfdf cl8g] efu . %= l;d]G6sf] agfOPsf] rsnf . kftf]@ gf) [;+) k[
i7kq] != zLsf] sdb]lv sDd;Ddsf] kl5Nnf] cjoj . @= ;fFk|fsf] sf]vdf hf]l8Psf] kftnf
]
764

kmflsnf] cjoj . #= k:ts, sfkL cflbsf] kfg jf kftf] kGgf . kflQg c) lqm) [;+) kft
L Og] != skfq xg . @= alNsg hyfefjL ug]{ xg . #= dflQg OQlg l5lxlng lgn{Hh x
g . $= kmkmlg kmls{g . > kfofO gf) kflQg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kfTo lj) [;+)] !=
;fNg jf emfg{ nfos . @= b08hldfgf ug{ plrt . #= k|xf ug{ nfos . kfTnf] lj)x]) kftnf
] . kfq gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t fVg] cfwf efF8f] at{g . @= s]xL j:t kfpg jf lng of]Uo
JolSt ;Tsf, k"hf cflb ug{ of]Uo dflg; ;kfq ;Tkfq . #= gf6sdf clego ug]{ JolSt cleg]
tf g6 . $= sfJo, gf6s, syf, pkGof; cflbdf rlqsf] j0f{g ulPsf] gfos, gflosf jf cGo s
g} JolSt . %= of]Uotf Ifdtf ;fdYo{ . lj) ^= clwsf lbg jf kfpg of]Uo . s gf) != ;fgf
] vfnsf] efF8f] tR5 efF8f] 7fF8f] . @= kq . tf gf) != sg} sfddf f]lhg jf sg} kbd
f lgoSt xgsf nflu rflxg] cfjZos u0f jf of]Uotf . @= kfqdf xgkg]{ jf ePsf] u
0f c;n u0f . Tj gf) kfqtf . kfqf] gf) [;+)] jif{elsf ut], jf, ltly, of]u, s0f cfl
]lvPsf] kl:tsf k~rf\u . kfTn] gf) [kftn P] != kftn jf n]sfnL h\undf xg] s6;sf] Ps h
ft . lj) @= kftnsf] kftn;DaGwL . [kfTnf] P] #= kfTnf] vfnsf] kftn] . ~ s6; gf) kftn]
s6; . ~ 9s  gf) kftn] 9s . ~ lgxf] gf) kftn] lgxf] . ~ f]6L gf) kftn] f]6
L gf) != cf7 dfgf c6fpg] eg]{ efF8f] cf7 dfgfsf] kldf0fsf] j:t c6fpg] gfKg] efF8f]
. lj) @= cf7 dfgf kldf0fsf] . #= dLsf] aL;f}F c+zsf] . ~ Aofh gf) jif{ lbgdf Ps ?
lkofFsf] Ps kfyLsf bn] lnOg] Aofh . ~ eft vfP h:tf] lj) k"f ;Gtf]if nfUg] dg 9Ss x
g] . ~ eft vfg] lj) k"f ;dy{ nSsf . kfy] lj) [kfyL P] != kfyLsf] kfyL;DaGwL . @= Pp6}
fyLn] e]sf] cGgflb vfg] ;DalGwt (JolSt) rn] . #= kfyL c6fpg] jf elg] . ~ efO gf) !=
Pp6} sfdsf] lx:;f a]xf]g]{ JolStx lx:;]bf . @= Pp6} vnfsf] df]xL . #= Pp6} rnfdf
vfg] ;fyL efG;] efO, rn] efO . kfy]o gf) [;+)] af6fdf vfgsf lglDt lnOg] ;fFjn af6f
sf] ;fdntdn af6fvr{ . ~ >f4 gf) d[tssf] df]Ifsf p2]Zon] ;ftfF} afx|f}F lbgdf ulg]
>f4 . kfb\g c) lqm) [;+) kb{g] ckfgjfo 5f8\g cwf]jfo 5f8\g ubfaf6 bu{Gwdo xfjf
kmfNg .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
765

kfbkfg kflbg s) lqm) [kfb\ O g] ckfgjfo 5f]l8g kfb\g] sfd ulg . kfbs lj) [;+)] k
hfg] vfn] lxF8\g] . kfbsf gf) [;+)] != vfp . @= hQf . bfg gf) != hQf bfg lbg] P
wfld{s sfo{ . @= hQf jf vfp lbg] sfd . :yfg gf) b}n]v lhNnfsf] bNn ahfb]lv bO{
sf]; klZrdkl kfbsf vf]nfsf lsgfdf x]sf] Ps dlGb . (oxfF ;tLb]jLsf] kfp em]sf] kfk
{ fnb]lv Ps Hjfnf alnx]sf] 5 eGg] syg 5 .) kfbf]bs gf) [;+)] r0ff]bs vfsf] hn . kfB
lj) [;+)] != uf]8f;DaGwL r0fsf] . @= k"Ho JolSt jf b]jb]jLsf] kfp wg] (kfgL) . gf
) #= b]jsfo{df k"hf ubf{ r9fOg] kljq hn kfBf]bs . > kfBf3{ gf) != xftkfp wg] kfgL
. @= k"hfsf ;fdu|L k"hf;fdf . #= k"hfsf lglDt 5fOPsf] sg} j:t . kfBfo{ gf) x]) kf
Bf3{ . kfWofkfWo] gf) [;+) pkfWofo] a|fXd0f . :qL) kfWo]gL . kfg gf) [;+)] != lkpg]
sfd kGofnf] kbfy{ jf w"jfF lgNg] sfd . @= lkOg] kbfy{ k]o kbfy{ . #= rDag DjfOF .
[k~r] gf)lj) $= kfFr zAbsf] cke|z + k . [;+) kfgLo>kfgL] %= ;df; ePsf s]xL zAbsf] c
fDedf b]lvg] kfgLsf] ;\lIfKt k (h:t} kfgl9sL, kfg8f]sf] O)) . [;+) k0f{ (kft)] ^= k
kftsf cfsfsf kft xg] Ps k|l;4 nxf] tfDa"nL vo, r"g cflb xfn] vfOg], cfojb {] df S
{s, skmgfzs, anj4{s ?lrsfs u0f atfOPsf] To;}sf] kft . &= vo, r"g, ;kfL cflb xfnL
agfOPsf] ;f]xL kftsf] lvnL . *= kfgs} kftsf cfsfsf ftf kmL xg] tf;sf rSsLsf] Ps k
|sf . ~ uf]li7sfuf]i7L gf) lrof jf S;L cflbsf ;fy rd]gf ug{ e]nf ePsf] ;d"x . ~ 8f]s
f] gf) kfgL af]Sg] jf kfgLsf] ufu|f] xfn] af]Sg] ;fgf] vfnsf] 8f]sf] . ~ l9sL gf) !
= kfgLsf] snfaf6 jf kfgLsf j]uaf6 rnfOg] l9sL . @= To:tf oGqn] Ps 6s df]sf] df]x
. ~ df]x gf) kfgLsf j]uaf6 rNg] oGqn] 6s df]sf] l;Ssf . ~ b; gf) kfFr, b;, kGw|, aL;
uL kkfF r sf] kms ub} { ug] v] N g] 8G8Llaofsf] Ps v]n . (pbf) kfg\b;\ hDdf b08sf]
rf v]n,Joy}{ v]NYofF emNn ef] cfh aNn) . bfgbfgL gf) kfg To;sf d;nfx xfNg] efF8f]
bO { gf) Ps kf;fdf kGhf z]if bO{ kf;fdf kf]6 kL hDdf ;ft kmL xg] kf;fsf] bfp .
~ kft] gf) != kfgsf kftsf cfsfsf kft xg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] hnsDeL . lj) @= kfgsf
kftsf cfsfsf] kfgsf] kfth:tf] . ~ kfq gf) hfF8, S;L cflb dfbs k]o kbfy{ lkpg] efF8f]
rifs . kmn gf) != ;fgf]ltgf] sf];n ] L cNk pkxf >4f;lxtsf] ;fgf] ghfgf . @= kfl>ld

kfb! gf) [;+) kb{] ckfgjfo cwf]jfo . kfb@ gf) [;+)] != kfp r0f uf]8f] vf] . @= Z
jf kBsf] kfp r0f kb . #= sg} j:tsf] rf}yf] efu rtyf{z + . $= k:tssf] k|s0f . %= s
g} j:tsf] tNnf] efu kLFw . ^= hf] h8 d"n . ~ s6s gf) kfph]a . ~ sdn gf) != sdnh:tf
ftf kfp r0fsdn . @= uf]8f kfp (cfbfy{df) . If]k gf) != 6]sfO 6]Sg] sfd . @= lxF
= nft . rfk gf) vfn] 6]Sbf xg] ys{g 6]sfO sNrfO . rf gf) k}bn hfg] sfd k}bn l
rfL lj) != k}bn ofqL k}bn lxF8\g] . gf) @= k}bn ;]gf kbflt . hn gf) b]jtf jf dfGo
sf kfp wf]Psf] hn r0ff]bs r0ffd[t . ~ l6Kk0fL gf) k[i7sf k5fdf flvg] sg} ljifosf]
f0f jf kli6sf lglDtsf] l6Kk0fL v]l6kf]6 . ~ 6Lsf gf) sg} u|Gydf k[i7sf k5fdf ;"r
gf, lgb]z { , JofVof cflbsf lglDt n]lvPsf] l6Kk0fL . tn gf) k}tfnf] tn[jf . qf0f g
f) hQf pkfgx kfpnf] . ~ blnt lj) != uf]8fn] slNrPsf] vfn] 6]lsPsf] . @= lylrPsf] b
fOPsf] . #= kflht ckdflgt . Gof; gf) kfOnf] fVg] jf 6]Sg] sfd 6]sfO sNrfO . ~ k\s
kfbsdn . ky gf) k}bn lxF8\gkg]{ af6f] uf]]6f] 8f]]6f] . k gf) kfbsdn . kL7 gf
;gdlGt kfp fVg agfOPsf] ;fgf] rf}sL pkwfgL . @= cUnf cf;gsf] tn vf fVg agfOPsf] rf}
sL . ~ kL8f gf) sfF8f] cflb labf jf 3fp xb F f vfdf xg] kL8f . k"0fk"lt{ gf) !=
} ck"f] Znf]ssf] kfp k"f ug]{ sfd . @= lgy{s jf cgfjZos zAbx fv] eP klg 5Gbsf] k"lt{
g]{ sfd . ~ k|0ffd gf) ;fi6f\u b08jt\ ug]{ sfd kfpdf k|0ffd ug]{ sfd 9f]Ug] sfd 9f]u
. Hh gf) kzxsf] vf] afFWg] 8f]L v] 8f]L v] . nUg lj) != kfpdf nfu]sf]
z0fdf cfPsf] z0ffyL{ . ~ jGbgjGbgf gf) kfp 5f]P gd:sf ug]{ sfd b08jt\ ug]{ sfd . ~
s gf) vf ;lGgg] Ps lsl;dsf] f]u yfdv] f]u xfQLkfOn] f]u kmfOn]lof . ~ ljGof;
Vg] sfd kfOnf] fVg] sfd vf]6]sfO sNrfO . @= kbljGof; . ~ ljfd gf) jfSodf kb jf jfS
znfO{ 5fpg] lj>fd lbg] lrXg cNkljfd sdf ( , ) . ~ ;]jg gf) != kfpsf] ;]jf ug]{ sfd
5g] sfd . @= ;]jfz>"iff . #= sdft{g . ~ ;]jf gf) kfb;]jg . xt lj) != nTofOPsf] n
ft dflPsf] . @= x]nf ulPsf] pk]lIft . xLg lj) != vf] gePsf] nFu8f] vf]G8f] . @=
] sg} kfp jf r0f gePsf] . > kfbflt gf) k}bn l;kfxL kbflt . kfbfGt gf) Znf]s jf kBsf
kfp jf r0fsf] cGt . kfbfljGb gf) kfbsdn .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kfg;kfgLo . #= 3"; (s"6fy{df) . ~ af gf) kfg To;sf dd;nf xfNg] efF8f] . ~ af gf) k
f kftsf cfsfsf af . ~ a ] lj) kfgsf kftsf cfsfsf] af ePsf] kfgkft] af ePsf] . ~
gf) dlbf lkpg] 7fpF eL . ~ d08n gf) lkoSs8xsf] hdft hfF8S;L lkpg]xsf] ;d"x S:ofxf
) hfF8S;L cflb dfbs kbfy{ lkpg] cfbt a;]sf] hF8fxf S:ofxf . kfg; gf) [kmf) kmfg";] 78
}fsf] l;fgdf hl8Psf] lbof]df t]ncflb xfn] aflng] aQL kmfg; ;fwf0f sf]l6sf] ;sG  8f
. kfg ;kfL gf) [kfg ;kfL] d]hdfg jf cltly cflbsf] ;Ddfgsf lglDt vjfOg] jf lbOg] k
fg ;kfL . kfgf! gf) [;+) k0f{] != k:ts, kl:tsf cflbsf] kq kftf] kGgf . @= k"mnsf
yFufsf] kq . kfgf@ gf) [;+) kfg cf] Ps afnL;Dd hf]Tg egL s;}af6 uf]? lnPafkt uf]?w
gLnfO{ lbOg] cGgsf] b:t . s gf) ?lkofFk};fsf cfwfdf lnR5ljsfndf nufOPsf] Ps k|sfsf
. kfgL gf) [k|f) kf0fLc < ;+) kfgLo] != gbL, Ogf, sjf, afbn cflbaf6 k|fKt xg] lt
vf{ d]6\g rncrn k|f0fLn] ;b}j lkpgkg]{, afnLgfnL cflbsf lglDt lgGt cfjZos kg]{ k|
l;4 tn kbfy{ hn gL . @= emf]n ; . #= lhe|f], cfFvf, 3fp cflbaf6 aUg] tn kbfy{ cfF;
emL jiff{ j[li6 . %= t]h sflGt . ^= 6ns rds kfOg . &= dfg k|lti7f . *= k?iffy{ jL
= cledfg tfOF 3dG8 . !)= jif{ ;fn (h:tf] bO{ kfgL vfPsf] v) . !!= hnjfo . ~ c8\8f g
) vfg] kfgLsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;sfL c8\8f . ~ cdnf gf) != plgpFsf kfth:tf nfdfnfdf k
ft xg] hfdf kfgL g} kfgL ePh:tf] l;nf tyf v}f kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] emf . @= To;}sf]
kmn eO{Fcdnf . (cfojb {] df o;sf] u0f 7G8f wft f]usf lglDt pkof]uL atfOPsf] 5
.) ~ cfGb| ] lj) 85]?jf sft . ~ cfGb|f ] gf) lkPsf] kfgL leq hfg] cfGb|f] . ~ cf]b gf
kfgLdf lxF8g \ ] lafnf]h:tf] k|f0fL kfgLlafnf] cf]b . ~ s gf) != 6f\sLdf hDdf uL
ljt0f ulPsf] kfgLsf] pkof]u u]afkt ;DalGwt ;+:yfg jf ;sfnfO{ lbOg] b:t jf sd . @=
fhldgdf gx, k}gL cflbaf6 kfgL k6fPafkt ;sfnfO{ lbOg] s . ~ s]nf] gf) != l;d;fdf kfOg
s hftsf] s]nf] . ~ sn gf) != kfgLsf] k|jfx jf j]uaf6 rNg] sn 3 . @= Ogf, sjf cflbsf]
kfgL dfly tfGg] Ps k|sfsf] wff] 6"aj]n . #= kfgL tfGg] oGq bdsn . $= hldgdlgsf] kfg
L tfGg] ldl;g klDk ;]6 . ~ sfu gf) hnfzosf glhs xg] Ps sfnf] kIfL . ~ sfut gf) Knfl:6
ssf], kfgL cl8g] Ps k|sfsf] j:t (kf]lnlyg k]k) . ~ sf}jf
(lzi6fy{df)
766

gf) kfgLsfu . ~ v]bf] gf) kfgLdlg uP klg g5f]8g \ ] lsl;dsf] v]bf] g5f8Lsg bMv l
bOxg] sfd . ~ unfkmL gf) != unfkmL sf] Ps e]b . lj) @= To:tf] sf] . ~ uG8f] lj) !
snuG8f]eGbf klg tNnf] :tsf] uG8f] . @= xltGgd xlns . ~ 3 gf) kfgLn] rNg] 3 .
kfgLdf ;fgf] l5b| ePsf] efF8f] fv] l5]sf] kfgL elPkl5 Ps 38L xg] Ps kfgf] rngsf] 38
L hnoGq . ~ 3f6 gf) kfgLsf] wff] cflb ePsf] 7fpF kg]f] sjf hnfzo . ~ 3f]8f gf) kfg
g] Ps hftsf] 3f]8f . ~ rL gf) kfgLdf uf]tf vfg] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~ hxfh gf) ;db|df
Jff 7"nf gbLdf rNg] hxfh . ~ hsf] gf) kfgLdf xg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] hsf] . ~ ofp gf)
hnfzodf pd|g] Ps hftsf] ss]h:tf] ofp . ~ 9nf] gf) kfgL au] hfg] lefnf] jf t]k]{ k]
hUuf . ~ l9sL gf) != kfgLsf k|jfxaf6 rNg] Ps lsl;dsf] oGq . @= To:tf oGqn] 6s df]
sf] l;Ssf . ~ 9s gf) kfgLsf glhs xg] Ps hftsf] 9s . ~ tf]L gf) 7"nf u]8f xg] Ps
ftsf] tf]L cfkmntf]L . bf lj) != rlDsnf] rdsbf . @= OHhtbf . #= ;fx;L kfOgbf .
sf}Ft] emf . ~ kvfnf gf) kfgLh:t} kftnf] kvfnf . ~ kL gf) lzdf jf cGo sg} c\udf zLt
sf lglDt flvg] lehfPsf] sk8f . ~ kw]f]kg]f] gf) != Hofb} cfjthfjt ePsf] 7fpF . @= kfg
L3f6 . ~ k]6 gf) kfgL hDdf xg] jf vfPsf] kfgL uP cl8g] k]6sf] y}nf] . ~ kf]vnf] gf
) kfgLk]6 . ~ kmn gf) kfgLl;\u8f . ~ kmf]sf] gf) k|;jsf ;dodf afns, kf7f], af5f], k
f8f] cflb hGdgeGbf klxn] lg:sg] kfgLsf] y}nf] . ~ a6jf gf) hndfu{ uL lxF8\g] ofq
L kfgLhxfhsf] ofqL . ~ anf] gf) 5fgfsf 5]pdf xg] nfdf] t];f]{ sf7 jf afF; bfFtLdflys
f] anf] . ~ affaf gf) k:ksf] 7"nf] ljf]w k:kdf ePsf j}efjsf] kfsfi7f . ~ afx]s
6s ug]{ sfd . ~ lafnf] gf) kfgLdf a:g] lafnf]h:tf] Ps hftsf] k|f0fL cf]b . ~ lap gf)
lxNofP clg kfgL hdfP flvg] wfgsf] aLp . ~ a]t gf) kfgLsf] lgs6 xg] Ps hftsf] a]t .
~ Aof8 gf) v]tsf ufdf kfgL hdfO{ lxNofO{ aLp fVg tof kflPsf] 7fpF . ~ efn gf) kfgLdf
v]Ng] kfgLs} cf;kf;df a:g] ;]tf] efn . ~ e"t gf) kfgLdf 8a] xg] e"t kg8Aaf . ~ d?
jf gf) kfgLcfGb||] nf5L . ~ dxjf gf) kfgLsf 5]p5fpdf xg] dxjfsf] Ps e]b . kfgLh
x gf) [g]jf)] dlR5Gb|gfysf khfL . kfgLo lj) [;+)] != lkpg of]Uo . @= arfpg nfos If0f
Lo . gf) #= kfgL hn . zfnf gf) a6jfxnfO{ kfgL lkofpg] 7fpF kf}zfnf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
767

kfgL /f]6Lkfknf]s kfgf]T;j gf) [;+)] dlbf kfgsf] pT;j (ss6]n kf6L{) . ] h) . @= kb]zL
kfGy gf) [;+)] != klys a6f]xL a6jf (k];G k|jf;L . ~ lgjf; gf) ofqLxnfO{ af; a:gsf lg
lDt agfOPsf] 3 kf6L wd{zfnf cltlyzfnf kfxgf3 . zfnf gf) wd{zfnf . kfk gf) [;+)]
{s b[li6n] vfa 7xlg] Oxnf]s knf]s bj}df cze kmn lbg] sfo{ ssd{ kfts . @= ss[Tos
kmn ssd{sf] kl0ffd . #= ckfw s;" bf]if . $= dgdf pTkGg vfa lgot . %= emGem6 ofpnf
lx+;f cf3ft . &= cnfO{ kofOg] xflg . *= rfllqs jf g}lts ktg xg] cfr0f . s lj) kf
kftsL . ~ sd{ gf) kfk nfUg] sfd bisd{ . ~ sdL{ lj) kfk ug]{ kfkL . ~ u|x gf) Hof]lt
ifzf:qcg;f zlg, d\un, fx, s]t, ;"o{ ltgsf ;fydf x]sf] aw cze u|x . r]tf lj)
csf{sf] senf] lrtfpg] bfTdf bi6 . kfk8 gf) [;+) kk{6] x, duL cflbsf] 5fF6f lkFw]
;gf] kL7f] (a];g) agfO{ dd;nf xfn] lunf] kfL a]lnPsf], kmfP jf ;]sfP vfOg] kftnf] kf
|f] cfsfsf] vfB kbfy{ . > kfk8L gf) != kfk|fsf cfsfdf aGg] vf; k|sfsf] f]6L ;gkfk8L .
@= Ps k|sfsf] a6Lljz]if . kfk b[li6 gf) [;+)] != csf] senf] xg] uL x]lPsf] x]fO s
li6 . @= vfa lgot . kfk gfz gf) [;+)] kfksf] gfz ssd{sf] ;dflKt . > kfk gfzs lj) kf
k gfz ug]{ ssd{ ;dfKt ug]{ . kfk gflzgL lj) != kfk gfz ug]{ cwd{sf] ljgfz ug]{ (:q
L) . gf) @= a}hgL sf g;f xg] Ps hftsf] tn;L . #= zdL j[If . $= eujtL b]jL . %= u\u
f kljq gbL . kfkgfzL lj) kfk gfz ug]{ cwd{ vtd kfg]{ . kfk k?if gf) [;+)] != kfk ulx
] JolSt kfkL JolSt . @= tGqzf:qcg;f tflGqsn] cfgf b]a|] sf]vfdf sNkgf ug]{ kfkdo k
?if kfkd"lt{ . #= kf0f cflbcg;f ;[li6stf{n] ;[li6nfO{ ;Gtlnt kfg{ cfjZos 7fgL rg
f u]sf] kfksf] clwi7ftf . kfk al4kfk dlt lj) [;+)] kfkL al4 ePsf] bi6 kfkL . kfk d
St lj) [;+)] kfkaf6 dSt ePsf] kfksf] kl0ffdaf6 dSt ePsf] . kfk df]rg gf) [;+)] kf
k gi6 ug]{ sfd kfk 56fpg] sfd . > kfk df]rgL gf) != r}qs[i0f PsfbzL . lj) @= kfkg
flzgL b]jL jf u\uf . kfk of]lg gf) [;+)] kfk u]afkt hLjn] hGd lnPsf] 7flgg], dfgj h
gLafx]ssf] sg} hgL . kfknf]s gf) [;+)] wfld{s ljZjf;cg;f d]kl5 kfkLn] a:gkg]{
nf]s gs .

kfgL f]6L gf) [kfgL f]6L] kL7fsf ;;fgf kf\uf| h:tf 8Nnf kfL pDn]sf] kfgLdf xfn] a];L
sf] f]6L kf\u]| f]6L . kfgL n] gf) [kfgL n]] rfFu]sf h:tf kft xg], 6Kkfdf n6Dd eP
bfgfbfgf kmNg] l;d;f e"lddf xg] Ps hftsf] n] l;dn] . kfgL nxf] gf) [kfgL nxf]] bfv
tf kft xg], ;fgf ;]tf k"mn k[mNg], cfoj]{bdf ljif, vl6f si7f]usf] gfz ug]{ u0
f atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] nxf] cd[t;|jf . kfgL n8] gf) [kfgLn'F8] ] l;d;f jf kf]vLdf x'g
s hftsf] n'F8] ;fu . kfgL lzLif gf) [kfgLlzLif] af6'nf ;fgf kft, dl;gf ;]tf k"mn nfD
rf sf];f x'g], kfgLsf kxfsf lr:ofgdf pd|g] Ps hftsf] emf . kfgL;f] gf) [kfgL;f]] != k
t af]6 cb'jfsf h:tf x'g] 8fF7sf l;fgdf ;'Gtnf
sf k"mn k'mNg] tyf xlof] kmn kmNg] Ps
yL a'6L To;}sf] kmn . @= cfo'jb {] df rd{;DaGwL f]u s'i7f]unfO{ lgsf] ug]{ atfOPsf]
>fj0f ;
\qmflGtsf lbg n'tf] kmfNg s08fssf] k"hf ubf{ s's ' 8fOgfsf] nxfsf ;fy r9fOg]
To;sf] k"mn . #= zLdf lhnlhnfpFbf p7\g] Ps k|sfsf] vl6f] ;ft k|sfsf dfO{ f]udWo] Ps
fgL ;k{kfgL ;fFk gf) [kfgL;fFk] k|foM kfgLdf /xg] Ps hftsf] ;k{ gfu 9f]l8of . kfgL ;f
h gf) [kfgL;fh] xn'sf] sf7 x'g,] kfgLsf 5]p5fpdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] ;fh . kfgL l;Fjf
nL gf) [kfgLl;FjfnL] kfgLsf lsgfdf x]sf 9'
\ufsf 5]p5fpdf pd|g], cfo'j]{bdf clt 7G8f
dL{af6 cfPsf vl6f lgsf] kfg]{ u'0f atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] ofp . kfgL l;u8f gf) [kfgLl;Fu8
f] kfgLdf pd|g] 7"n7"nf xlof kft x'g,] saLsf bfgfh:tf l;
\u8fsf cfsfdf sn]hL
sf kmn
hfdf kmNg] Ps hftsf] kmn kfgLkmn . kfgL l;:g' gf) [kfgLl;:g'] != lxsf{P ;f:tL jf b0
lbgsf lglDt k|of]u ulg], kfgLdf lehfOPsf] l;:g' . @= To;L kfgLdf l;:g' lehfO{ lxs
f{P lbOg] b08sf] Ps k|sf . kfgL x6skfgL xN6 gf) [kfgLx6sxN6] != kfgLaf6 x6fpg] sfd k
grNg] agfpg] sfd . lj) @= kfgLaf6 x6fOPsf] . kfgL xf; gf) [kfgLxfF;] ljz]if u] kfgLd
} a:g] fd|L p8\g ;Sg] Ps h
\unL hftsf] xfF; hnx+; . kfgL xfQL gf) [kfgLxfQL] kfgLleq
emG8} u}F8fsf cfsfsf] Ps :tgkfoL rf}kfof hnx:tL kfgL3f]8f . kfg] lj) [kfgLP] kfgLjfn
f kfgL;DaGwL kfgLsf] . (zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P ;d:t zAb lgdf{0f ubf{ k|of]udf cfpg], h:
t{ } tLgkfg], lgkfg], lr;fkfg] O)) .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

kfkzLnkfdfYo{ kfkzLn lj) [;+)] kfk ug]{ :jefj ePsf] kfksd{df nfluxg] . > kfkzLnf lj)
fkzLn (gfL) . kfk zf]wg gf) [;+)] kfksf] z'l4 kfksf] bf]if d]l6O{ z'4 x'g] jf kfg]{
sfd . kfkx lj) [;+)] kfk jf cwd{ x0f ug]{ . 'f. kfkf! gf) [af) af])] s]6fs]6Lsf nfl
u ?lrs dL7f] vfg]s kfkf@ gf) (c
\)) lktf . kfkf
\sz ' f gf) [;+)] cflZjg z'Sn PsfbzL l
PsfbzL . kfkfrf gf) [;+)] kfk sd{ s'sd{ . kfkfTdf lj) [;+)] kfkL kftsL b'i6sdL{ . kf
ki7 lj) [;+)] != lgs} 7"nf] kfkL dxfkfkL . @= kfkL . #= s'sdL{ . kfkL lj) [;+)] !=
kfksd{ ug]{ :jefjsf] b'frfL . @= lg7'L bof gePsf] . gf) #= kfksd{df nfu]sf] JolSt . k
fk|f gf) [kfk|fs ] f] lt) )] x]) kfk|f] . kfk|L gf) ;fgf 7"nf kfk|fxsf] ;d"x . > kfk
] lj) kfk|f] ePsf] kfk|fkfk|f k]sf] . kfk|f ] gf) [;+) kk{6] != j:tsf] ;s ] jf pS;]
5lg] aflxL kq . @= 5fnf . #= af]qmf] . kfd lj) [;+)] != km6fxf l;Nn8 bh{g . @= cljj
sL caem . #= sfFt sfo . $= rTyf] a]sDdf lasfd] . kfos lj) [;+) kfbs] != cgs"n sf
ug{ ;lhnf] kg]{ sg} klg sfdsf lglDt ;]s kg]{ :jflxs . gf) @ lxF8\bf, sfd ubf{ jf c
fpFbfhfFbfsf] cgs"n cj:yf To:tf] cgs"n l:ylt cgs"ntf . kfovfgf gf) [kmf)] lb;f ug
]{ 7fpF kfOvfgf rkL{ zf}rfno . kfohfdf gf) [kmf)] x]) kfOhfdf . kfoG6 gf) [c\) KofG6]
x]) k]G6 kfOG6 . kfo; gf) [;+)] b"w ld;fP ksfPsf] vfB kbfy{ vL t:d} . kfoL lj) [;+)]
pg] kfg ug]{ (;d:t zAbsf] cGtdf k|of]u xg,] h:t} :tgkfoL, bUwkfoL, dBkfoL O)) .
kf\g k|]) lqm) [k\ cf\ g] != kg]{ ufpg kg]{ tNofpg ;dfj]z ug{ufpg . @= uf
g (df]xL kfg{ O)) . #= lbnfpg (ufn kfg{ cflb) . $= tof ufpg (7Ls kfg{ cflb)
. %= ;Nsfpg afNg (;nfO{, cfuf] cflb) . ^= kmn cflb k}bf ug{ . &= dvdf cf}ifw
L, kYo cflbsf] ;]jg ufpg . *= lufpg emfg{ . (= emd]nf (d2f cflb) v8f ug{ . !)=
xfNg (zAb, af]nL, cflb) !!= z[u \ f ug{ . kf gf) [;+)] != gbL, ;db| cflbsf] kNnf
] lsgff kNnf] tL jf t6 . @= cflvL 5]p clGtd ;Ldf . #= 8fF8f jf kxf8sf] kNnf] kf6f] .
$= sg} sfdsf] ;dflKt l;l4 . %=
768

5 6 sff d l St p4f . ^= cg s 0f gSsn . &= ;dfwfg (h:t} kf nfpg, kf kfpg cflb)
) [;+) kLIff] != u0fbf]if jf c;nsd;n 5fpg] sfd kLIff . @= c;nsd;n 5fpg] al4 ljj
> kfvL lj) != kfv ug]{ c;n, sd;n jf u0fbf]ifsf] hfFr ug]{ kLIfs . gf) @= hfFrsL . k
L lj) [;+)] != kf hfg] kf nfu]sf] . @= kf\ut ljz]if1 . #= 6f9f;Dd hfg] b"ufdL . kf
+)] != kf nfu]sf] kf ePsf] . @= ljBf, zf:q, lzNk cflbsf] k"0f{ 1fg k|fKt u]sf] dd{1 l
z]if1 . #= kf]Vt l;kfn . | ] lbg ulg] kf0f gf) [;+)] != j|t, pkjf; cflbsf] bf];f k|
yd ef]hg cflb . @= t[lKt ;Gtf]if cgtf]if . #= ;dflKt ;dfkg l;l4 . $= k9\g] sfd k9fO
. %= 3leqsf] aG8f . > kf0ff gf) kf0f . kf0fLo lj) kf0f ug{ of]Uo sg} ljifosf] l;
k|fKt ug{ nfos . kftGo gf) [;+)] ktGqtf :jfwLgtfsf] cefj kfwLgtf . kfbz{s lj) [;+)
]lvg] sfFr, :kml6s, kfgL cflb h:tf] :jR5 (kbfy{) . @= jflb]lv kfl b]lvg] (l;;f cflb
) . tf gf) kfbz{s xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf . kfbz{g gf) [;+)] != jfkf b]Vg] sfd .
= 6f9f6f9f;Ddsf] sf] b]Vg] sfd b"bz{g . #= tLj| al4 rttf . kfblz{t lj) [;+)] jfk
Psf] 5f\ ePsf] . kfbzL{ lj) [;+)] != kNnfkl;Dd b]Vg] . @= 6f9f;Ddsf] sf] b]Vg] b"
= al4dfg\ rt rnfv . $= 5f b]lvg] . kfkq gf) [;+)] != sdffsdfLnfO{ bf;Tjaf6 cdn]v
dflnsn] n]lvlbPsf] k|df0fkq . @= nf]Ug] :jf:gLsf] ;DaGwljR5]b ubf{ k:kdf n]lvlbg]
sfuh kfkfrs]sf] sfut Tofukq . #= fxbfgL kf;kf]6{ . kfkfrs] gf) [kf kfrs]] kltkTg
df ulg] ;DaGwljR5]b kfrs] :j]R5fn] ulg] j}jflxs ;DaGwsf] cGt . kf kfsf] lj) [kf (l
!= 5fF65fF6sf] lsl;d lsl;dsf] . @= w]} klxn]sf] w]} 6f9fsf] . (pbf) d6d  f eb{Yof]
af]nL cg]sf}F kfkfsf] . b]jsf]6f, ;nf]rgf .) kfdf0fljs lj) [;+)] kdf0fsf] kdf0
. ~ ef gf) Ps kdf0fsf] tf}n . (kfdf0fljs ef C0ffTds, wgfTds tyf t6:y s0fsf] ;+oS  t
ef xf] . o;df C0ffTds s0fsf] ef gu0o xg] xgfn] wgfTds t6:y s0fsf] ;+oSt ef dfq
kfdf0fljs efdf lnOG5) . kfdfly{s lj) [;+)] kdfy{;DaGwL kdfy{sf] . kfdfYo{ gf) [;+)
y{sf] efj jf u0f kdfy{kfo0ftf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
769

kfldtkf/f] sf] e]6\g dl;gf tyf ;]tf ;ulGwt k"mn xg] Ps jg:klt dfntL k"mn . kflhf
f) [kmf) kjfh] vfdf klg 7"n7"nf KjfFv xg] Ps hftsf] k]jf . kflhft# gf) k|l;4 n]lvsf
lji0fsd  fL jfOjfsf] ;flxlTos gfd . kflt lj) [;+)] != sg} ;efdf k]; u] ljlwk"js {
:jLs[t ePsf] (ljw]os, k|:tfj O)) . @= lgodfg;f kf; ePsf] . #= kl0ffd lg:s]sf] .
$= pQL0f{ ePsf] . kfltf]lifs gf) [;+)] != fd|f] sfd u]afkt sfd ug]{nfO{ ufpg]n] ;Gti
6 eP lbg] k:sf . @= k:sf Ogfd lzkfp . kflbd | gf) [;+)] ;;fgf kft xg] kx]n
kmNg] uf]bfjL k"mnljz]if . kflkflZj{s gf) [;+)] gf6sdf ;"qwfsf] ;xsdL{ . kfleb| gf)
;+)] kmn]bf] (j[If) 7"n7"nf kft xg] j[Ifljz]if . kfleflifs lj) [;+)] != ;f\sl] ts kn
] ljz]if cy{ aemfpg] k|fljlws cy{df k|of]u xg] (zAb) . @= nIf0f ePsf] klefiff;DaG
wL . ~ zAb gf) vf;vf; If]qdf rNg] tyf ljlzi6 cy{df k|of]u xg] klefiff lbgkg]{ vf
nsf zAb . ~ zAbfjnL gf) To:tf zAbxsf] ;Fufnf] . kfljfls lj) [;+)] != kljf;DaGwL kl
@= kljfdf xg], kg]{ jf ulg] (sfdsf) . #= hxflgofF hxfgsf] . ~ pkfbfg gf) kljfjfn
n] kfpg] pkbfg . ~ hLjg j[lQ gf) kljf;d]tn] kfpg] j[lQ jf k]G;g . ~ ah]6 gf) kljfsf]
fjZostfnfO{ cfwf/ agfP tof ulPsf] ah]6 . ~ juL{s0f gf) zAb, cy{, jfSo Pj+ Wjlg;dfgtfs
f cfwfdf efiff, k|f0fL jg:kltnfO{ ljleGg kljfdf 5fpg] k|lqmof . ~ ;Iff gf) ;sf
} lgsfosf tkm{af6 ;DalGwt sd{rfLsf kljfsf] ;d]t ;Iff jf ;+If0f ug]{ sfd . kfl>lds l
[;+)] != kl>d;DaGwL kl>dsf] . gf) @= kl>d jf sg} sfo{ u]afkt kfOg] jf lbOg] wg Hofnf
gL dhbL . kfL gf) [;+) kf6 O{] wf]tL, ;fL cflbnfO{ l6sfp agfpg s]xL alnof] lsl;dn] a
]sf] lsgf . kf?io gf) [;+)] != s7f]tf s8fkg . @= vf]kg v;|fk ] g. kf] lj) [kf P] k
fPsf] dSt . ~ 3tL{ gf) kf ullbPsf] bf; bf;Tjaf6 56sff kfPsf] sdff] jf slof . kff
;+) kfb] ;]tf], rlDsnf] ux|f}F Ps k|l;4 tn wft . kff]@ gf) [;+) k|ff]ks] laF8df 3;
lg] vs  L, xFl;of cflb

lj) @= Hofb} ;fFrf] kd ;To . kfldt lj) [;+)] != kf nfu]sf] k"fk" ulPsf] kf\ut .
ku]sf] . kfnf}lss lj) [;+)] != knf]s;DaGwL knf]s;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] knf]ssf] . gf) @=
cGTo]li6lqmof . kfjxg gf) [;+)] sg} klg b]zn] pkef]Uo j:tx Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf
Nofpg] jf n}hfg] sfd sg} b]zn] Pp6f b]z xFb} csf]{ b]z;Fu ug]{ cfoftlgof{t . ~
uf]bfd gf) kfjxgsf ;;fdfgx fVg] uf]bfd . ~ ladf gf) ;fdlb|s { Gbf w]} ladf . ~ ;lGw
kfjxg ljifodf bO{ jf bOe b]zsf aLrdf ePsf] ;lGw . kf;! gf) [;+) :kz{] kf;dl0f . d
l0f gf) != kmnfdnfO{ 5jfpFbf kmnfd klg ;g xG5 egL kTofOPsf] Ps slNkt dl0f . @=
clt pQd j:t . kf;@ gf) kmf; b]z O/fg . kf;L gf) [;+) kf;Ls] != kmf; b]zsf k|frLg
L . @= hy|:tsf] wd{sf cgofoL kmf;L{ . kf:kls lj) [;+)] k:ksf] cfkm;sf] cfk;L .
xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . kff! gf) [;+) k|sf] != k|sf lsl;d 9fFrf 5fF6 . @= tlsf sfOb
ff@ gf) [;+) kf6s] hjf v]ndf kf;f;Fu ldNg] Ps ;fwg . kff6k  gf) [c\)] != Koff;6a
pqg] ;}lgs xjfO{hxfhaf6 v;L Koff;6sf] ;xfotfaf6 emg]{ JolSt . @= Koff;6;]gf . kffo
0f gf) [;+)] != sg} u|Gysf] cfBf]kfGt ulg] kf7 . @= sg} dxjk"0f{ sfo{sf] ;dflKt k"
0f{tf . > kffol0fs lj) != kffo0f ug]{ sg} u|Gysf] k"0f{ kf7 ug]{ . @= kf0f cflb afR
g] . gf) #= ljBfyL{ . kffjt gf) [;+)] k]jf (rf]) . kffjf gf) [;+)] != bj} lsgff g
fusf] jNnf] kNnf] bj} t6 . @= ;db| ;fu . #= n]vfhf]vf u0fgf . kffz gf) [;+)] !=
fsf 5f]f j]bJof; . lj) @= kfzff lrt . #= kfzsf] j+zdf hlGdPsf] . ~ uf]q gf) kfz
jf j+z . > kffzl gf) zsb]j . kflg s) lqm) [kf O g] != kg]{ tNofOg . @= kfg{ nuf
fl gf) [;+) kf O] != kNnf] lsgf kNnf] kf6f] kf . lqm) lj) @= kNnf] t6df kNnf] 5]pdf
tf Totflt . $= 6f9f . kflhft! gf) [;+)] != v;|f kft xg] dl;gf ;]tf ;uGwL k"mn km
g] Ps hftsf] v b]jj[IfdWo] Ps . @= ;Gtnf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kf/f]kfng xltofsf] ;O] cjoj . kff]# gf) [;+) ks] != ;fgf] 7]sL xftdf emG8fP af]S
vfnsf] 7]sL xft] 7]sL . @= dfbn, 9f]ns, tanf cflbsf] aLrdf nufOg] n]k . #= tfh .
kfs{ gf) [c\)] != pkjg au}r F f (h:tf] Tgkfs{, e"uf]nkfs{ cflb) . @= a;, lS;f cflbsf
la;f}gL jf To:tf ;jfL c8fP fVg] 7fpF . > kfls{ gf) kfs{df oftfoftsf ;fwgx la;fpg] s
. kfs]{6 gf) a}7s, sf]7f cflbsf km;{df 7f]lsg] jf 7f]lsPsf ljleGg cfsfsf sf7sf 6q
mf . kfsf]6 { gf) [kfl sf]6] ;]tL c~rndf kg]{ Ps 7fpF . > kfsf]6 { ] lj) != kfsf]{6
sf] kfsf]{6lt a:g] . @= clzi6 kfv] sf]b] . kf6L{ gf) [c\)] != bn d08nL fhgLlts ;+:
vfgkfg ug]{ uf]i7L k|Lltef]h . kfy{So gf) [;+)] != leGgtf cGt a]UNofOF a]dn ] lj;
. @= la5f]8 ljof]u . kfly{j lj) [;+)] != k[YjLsf] k[YjL;DaGwL . @= k[YjLaf6 pTkGg ;f
+;fls ef}lts nf}lss . #= df6fsf] df6fn] ag]sf] . gf) $= df6fsf] efF8f] . %= df6fsf]
lzjln\u . ^= Ps ;+jT; . &= k[YjLsf] kbfy{ h8 kbfy{ ef}lts kbfy{ . *= dgiohflt dTo{hf
lt . kfln{ofd]G6 gf) [c\)] ;+;b\ . kfj{0f lj) [;+)] != kj{sf] kj{df xg] kj{{;DaGwL .
@= cf}F;L, lkt[kIfdf ul/g] jf ug{kg]{ ;f]x|>f4df ulg] . ~ >f4 gf) kj{df ulg] >f4 cf
lZjg s[i0fkIfdf ulg] >f4 ;f]x> | f4 . kfj{t lj) [;+)] != kj{tsf] kj{t;DaGwL kj{tLo .
@= kj{tdf xg,] xg] jf pd|g] kxf8L . > kfj{lts gf) kj{txsf] z[v \ nf kj{tdfnf . kfj{t
gfo != lxdfno kj{tsL 5f]L lzjsL c4f{l\ ugL uf}L . @= lxdfnL gfL . #= kxf8] gfL . kfj
o lj) kj{tLo kj{tL . kfj{to ] lj) kj{taf6 pTkGg kj{taf6 ePsf] . kfjf{ gf) [lw)] lwdf
n hfltn] cfgf k"j{h tyf b]jb]jLsf] k"hf ug]{ s[lifcf}hfsf] ;;kmfO ug]{ Ps dxjk"0f{ r
f8 lwdfnhfltsf] lkt[kj{ ljZjsdf{sf k"hfsf] ;+oS  t k . kfZj{ gf) [;+)] != zLsf] x
sg} j:tsf] bfofF jf afofF efu rf];f] ; . #= glhssf] 7fpF 5l5d]s $= 5]p glhs . %=
h ; . ~ ufos gf) dVo ufossf ;fy;fy} ufpg] cGo ufos . ~ ufog gf) dVo ufossf ;df ;
dnfO{ ulg] ufog . r lj) != ;fydf xg] glhs xg] . gf) @= cgr gf]s . ~ lrq gf) w
pg] lrq (NofG8:s]k) . ~ l6Kk0fL gf) sg}
770

n]v jf k:tssf] km6\s]df n]lvPsf] l6Kk0fL . f gf) h:s]nf] . Ifs ;]gf gf) kfZj{ cyf
kl5Nnf] efusf] Iff ug]{ ;]gf . jtL{ lj) != glhsdf xg] ;fy} xg] ;xr . @= gf]s kl
f{s gf) sg} k:ts, n]v cflbsf] kfZj{df lbOPsf] zLif{s . > kfZj{:y lj) kfZj{jtL{ ;x
r . > kflZj{s lj) lhe|fsf] 6Kkfn] jT;{nfO{ 5f]O{ lhe|fsf] 5]p5fpaf6 ;f; aflx lg:sF
bf pRrlt xg] Wjlg kflZj{s Wjlg . kfif{b \ gf) [;+)] klifb\ ;ef . > kfif{b gf) != kl
\sf] ;b:o ;ef;b\ . @= k|frLgsfnLg fhejgsf cgr ;]js klrfs . kf;{n gf) [c\)] xnfs,
6, xjfO{hxfh cflbaf6 k7fOg] ;fdfgsf] kf]sf] . kfn\g! ;) lqm) [;+) kfng] != vfgnfpg
lbP s;}nfO{ cfgf 3df fVg e0fkf]if0f ug{ k|ltkfng ug{ . @= dgf]~hg, pkof]u jf pke
lglDt kzkIfLnfO{ vfgkfg lbP fVg . #= :ofxf/;Def/ ug{ x]/ljrf/ ug{ . $= cf1f, c
gzf;g, ctL{, st{Jo, sfgg cflbsf cg;f rNg kfngf ug{ dfGg cgzf;gsf] Iff ug{ . %
= ;xf ug{ ;;f ug{ . ^= f}F, g, v cflbnfO{ gsf6L a9\g lbg . kfn\g@ c) lqm) [kf
!= sg} dfGo hg cfpg kbfk{0f ug{ . @= hfg (lzi6fy{df) kfp nfUg . kfn! gf) [;+)
k6n] != c:yfoL kdf jf; a:gsf lglDt agfOPsf] sk8fsf] 8]f . @= xfjfsf j]uff gfp jf hxf
h rnfpgsf lglDt gfp jf hxfhsf d:tndf emG8fOg] kmflsnf] sk8f . #= kfNsL, aUuL cfl
bdfly nufOg] 9sgL . $= kmnk"mn uD:ofP ksfpg] ljlw . kfn@ gf) [;+)] != Iff ug]{ Jol
St Ifs . @= ufO{a:t rfpg] ltgsf] x]rfxf ug]{ uf]7fnf] . #= fhf . $= dWosfnLg g]kfns
] Ps k|l;4 fhj+z . %= g]kfnL 7sLxsf] Ps y . s gf) != kfng ug]{ JolSt kfNg] JolSt
efjs . @= /fhf . #= uf]7fnf] . $= dflns . lj) %= kfng ug]{ kfNg] . ~ sfJo gf) != x
fQL, 3f]8f cflb k|f0fL;DaGwL nIf0f, u0f cflbsf] lgk0f ulPsf] zf:q . @= To;} zf:qs
f lgdf{tf Ps k|frLg dlg . kfnsL gf) [;+) kNo\s] x]) kfNsL Dofgf . kfn\s gf) [;+)] kf
n\ufsf] ;fu . > kfn\sL gf) != kfn\s kfn\uf] . @= uf]nsfFqmL . kfng gf) [;+)] != nf
g lbP/ ulg] If0f e0fkf]if0f knfO kf];fO . @= cf1f, lgb]z { , jrg, st{Jo cflbsf] cg;
fngf . #= sg} k|of]hgsf lglDt kzkIfL kfNg] sfd . tfng gf) kfng nfngkfng . ~ kf]i
f0f gf) kfNg] Pj+ kf]:g] sfd x]rfxsf ;fydf vfgnfpg lbg] sfd nfngkfng

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
771

kfnknkfnkf]nkfjs lrpnf] cflb kNnj . kfn] gf) [kfnf] P] != kfnf] a:g] JolSt 9f]s] . @
kxf lbg] JolSt kx]bf . #= rf}sL sg]{ JolSt rf}sLbf . $= c8\8fvfgfsf] cb{nL . ~ p
fnf] a:bf kfn]nfO{ cfPem}F cfpg] p . ~ 3 gf) c8\8fvfgf, ljBfno, dxfljBfno cflbdf kf
n] a:g agfOPsf] ;fgf] 3 jf 5fk|f] . kfn}kfnf] lqm) lj) [kfnf] O kfnf]] != kfnf]kfnf] u]
fn};u F . @= Pssf] kfnf] ;lsPkl5 csf]{ hfg] jf cfpg] lsl;dn] . #= To;L g} Pskl5 c
sf{sf] kfnf] cfpg] uL . F Pskl5 csf]{ kfn};fGtL lqm) lj) [kfnf] P ;fGtL] qmd};u u] k
f] k"jf{k qmdnfO{ Wofgdf fv] . kfnf]! gf) [k|f) kfncf] < ;+) kfns] sg} sfsf] x]ljrf
lgufgL kxf . kfnf]@ gf) [;+) kfn cf]] != rf]l6 v]k k6s aflh . @= qmd l;nl;nf . #= q
lgodn] sg} sfd ug]{ clwsf jf bfloTj kfnL . $= df}sf cj; . (pbf) slxn] ;f;"sf] kfnf]
slxn] axfLsf] kfnf] . pvfg) . kfnf] kxf gf) [kfnf] kxf] kfn] fVg] sfo{ kfnf]sf] Jo
xfbfL . kfnf] k}r f] gf) [kfnf]k}r F f]] != s;}n] u]sf u'0fsf] k|To'ksf . @= csf b
fsf] ;f6f]k]mfO . #= df}sfcj; . lqm) lj) $= a]nfdf}sfdf . (pbf) kfnf]kr F} f] Ps lbg
d}n] klg o;sf] kl0ffd b]Vg kfpFnf) . kfnf];fGtL lqm) lj) [kfnL zflGt] x]) kfn};fGtL
. kfNsL gf) [;+) kNo\s] dflg;n] af]s] nfg] dfl:t 5t ePsf] Ps ljz]if k|sfsf] ofg Dofg
5fgf ofn;d]t ePsf] tfdbfg kfnsL . kfNtf gf) [kft nf] s0ff{nL c~rnlt ltxgtsfLsf] k
] kmfksf] kft . kfNkf gf) [;+) kfn ef]) a) kf] g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qleq kg]{
nlDagL c~rnsf] tfg;]g ;x ;b dsfd ePsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . kfNo lj) [;+)] kfNg of]U
o kfng ug{ nfos . kfN;L gf) [c\) kln;L] != 5FbfvfFbfsf zAbxnfO{ pN6fkN6f kf] af]lng]
f]nL s"6efiff kfN;] kfln;] (h:t} fd eft vfg hfG5 sf] df tfe gfv 5fGh .) . @= zAbx
f jf kb hf]8] af]lng] af]nL (h:t} lafd laeft lavfg lahfG5) . lj) #= s"6g}lts k]lrnf]
f]ln;Lbf . ~ sf] gf) kfN;L 9\un] ulPsf] sf . kfN;] gf)lj) [c\) kln;L P] kfN;L .
kfN;Lsf] . kfjs gf) [;+)] != cfuf] . @= ;"o{ . #= lahnL r6fsf] dNofsldlns . lj) $=
j:tnfO{ kljq kfg]{ z4 kfg]{

kfngtfng . > kfngLo lj) != kfNg of]Uo kfng ug{ nfos If0fLo . @= cg;0fLo cgs0fLo .
knkfnkf]n gf) [ kf]nkfn] != kf]n nufpg] sfo{ . @= sfdrnfp lsl;dn] kf]Ng] jf emN:o
fpg] sfo{ . kfnd gf) [ef]) a)] lnDa" hfltn] wfggfrdf hxfLsf kdf ufpg] uLt . kfnlot
f lj) [;+)] != kfng ug]{ kfNg] Ifs . gf) @= cleefjs . #= kfngstf{ . kfnf gf) [Kofnf <
kmf) lkofn] df6fsf] ;fgf] s6f}/L . kfln! gf) of]) [kfnf] O] kfnfdf k6s aflh (o;kfln,
klxnf]kfln O)) . kfln@ gf) [;+)] != k\lSt >]0fL . @= ufnfsf] dflyNnf] efu . #= lsg
ff 5]p . $= sfgsf] p7]sf] efu . %= ;fF3 . ^= sfv sf]v . &= nfDrf] 5fF6sf] tnfp . *
= gbL jf af6fdfly jflb]lv kfl;Dd kljq j[Ifsf kft, k"mn cflb h8] 6fFlug] 8f]L tf]0f .
fln# gf) [;+)] != a4n] lbPsf pkb]zx ;\s \ ng ulPsf] af}4xsf] ;+:s[teGbf klxn]sf] efi
ff . @= cw{dfuwL Onfsfdf af]lnP tfklg cw{dfuwL;Fu lgs} leGg ;f]xL n]Vo efiff l;+x
nL jf Pnsf] k"j{k . kflnt lj) [;+)] != kflnPsf] kfngf ulPsf] e0fkf]if0f ulPsf] . @=
;0f ulPsf] dflgPsf] 6]lPsf] . kflng s) lqm) [kfn\ O g] e0fkf]if0f ulg . kfln;
z] != sg} j:tnfO{ rlDsnf] jf 6Nsg] agfpg] ;fwg f]ug . @= ;f] ;fwgaf6 xg] rds 6ns
. #= bfFt, g cflbsf] 6Nsg] aflxL efu . $= zL jf cgxfsf] k jf f]ug . bf lg) !=
Psf] 6NsfPsf] rDsfPsf] . @= t]lhnf] . > kfln;] lj) kfln; nfPem}F uL sf ug{ l;kfn l7
s kf] sf ug]{ . kfnL! gf) [kfnf] O{] != kfnf] k6s k]mf . @= ;do df}sf avt . kfnL@
!= 3sf] dflyNnf] dVo 5fgfeGbf tn uff]af6 lems]sf] ;fgf] 5fgf] cdf{nL l;sjfsf] 5fg
 . @= l;sjf bnfg . #= kfln (efiff) . kfn gf) l6:6glhs}sf] Ps 7fpF . \ f] P] kfnu
f];DaGwL kfnu \ f]h:tf] . ~ kfnu \ ] lj) [kfnu Rofp gf) v}f sf], vfg xg] Ps
fp . kfnu \ f] gf) [;+) kfn\s] ftf], sdnf] hf xg,] k|foM rD;;Fu ldnfP ksfOg] Ps h
f] k|l;4 ;fu . (cfojb {] df o;sf] kft 7G8f ug],{ cfGb|fsf] f]u lgsf] kfg]{ kmf]S
;fsf] lxt ug]{ atfOPsf] 5 . ftf] 8fF7 xg] uf]a|] kfn\uf] xlof] 8fF7 xg] kf6g] kf
nu \ f] uL o;sf bO{ lsl;d 5g\) . kfnjf gf) [;+) kNnj] af]6la?jfdf knfPsf] gofF k
ft, dg,

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kfjgkf;f k|zf]ws rf]Vofpg] . kfjg gf) [;+)] != cfuf] . @= k|folZrQ kltof . lj) #= z
4 kljq . $= kfkaf6 dSt ug]{ cwd{ 56fpg] . %= kljq kfg]{ z4 ug]{ kfjs . kfjgL gf) [
;+) kj{0fL] zf:qn] jf ;f+:s[lts kDkfn] tf]ss ] f] kljq lbg rf8 kj{ kjgL kf}gL . kfj
[c\)] != zlSt ;fdYo{ ths  . @= clwsf xs b}of . #= oGqsf] rNg] Ifdtf . $= ljBt\zlSt
G6 . ~ xfp; gf) lahnLsf] zlSt k}bf ug{ agfOPsf] 3 lahnL3 . kfj} gf) [kfjf] (kfvf])
!= dtjfnL 5]qL . lj) @= kfv] . kfz gf) [;+)] != km;fpg] sfddf k|of]u xg,] ;sf{
pgL kf]sf] w]} k]mf] ePsf] 8f]L kf;f] k|frLgsfnsf] hfnh:tf] Ps c:q . @= kzkIfLxnf
;fpg] hfn kmGbf . #= sg} lsl;dsf] aGwg . $= 8f]L . %= kf;f jf hjfsf] v]n . s gf)
!= kf;f] . @= kf;f jf hjfsf] v]n . qmL8f gf) hjf (v]n) . ~ aGws gf) kf;f]ff rfr?
dfL To;af6 hLljsf ug]{ JolSt Jofwf . ~ aGwg gf) != kf;fn] afFWg] sfd 8f]Lsf] aGwg .
@= kf;f] 8f]L . #= hfn kmGbf . kfzljs lj) [;+)] != kz;DaGwL kzsf] . @= kzsf] h:tf]
. #= kz;xfpFbf] . $= lgGbgLo . kflzs gf) [;+)] rfr?\uLsf] l;sf ug]{ JolSt Jofwf .
kflzt gf) [;+)] kfzdf km;]sf] kf;fdf k]sf] kmGbfdf k]sf] . kfzL lj) [;+)] != kfz lng
kf;f] af]Sg] . gf) @= j?0f . #= od . $= Jofwf . kfzkt lj) [;+)] !=;gftg wd{sf] k
zkltk"hf;DaGwL kzkltsf] . gf) @= kzklt jf lzjsf] pkf;s . #= kzkltsf] pkf;gf .
$= Ps k|sfsf] z}j ;Dk|bfo . %= lzjhLn] atfPsf] egL k|l;4 Ps tGq . ^= cyj{j]bsf]
Ps pklgifb\ . ~ If]q gf) != kzkltsf dlGbsf rf} lsNnfdf x]sf] lglZrt tLy{:yn . @= g]
kfntLy{ . ~ bz{g gf) ;a} hLjxnfO{ kz ltgLxsf cwLZj lzj dflgg] Ps k|l;4 bz{g . > kfz
ktf:q gf) dxfb]jaf6 ch{gn] kfPsf] Ps c:q . kfZrfTo lj) [;+)] != klZrd lbzfsf] klZ
rd]nL klZrdf klZrdL . @= kl5Nnf] kl5lNt k]sf] . #= klZrd lbzflt xg] . $= klZrdL dxfb
(of]k cd]lsf) cyjf ;b" klZrdsf b]zl;t ;DaGw fVg] jf ;b" klZrdL b]zdf a:g] . ~ snf
f) of]k, cd]lsf cflb dxfb]zdf ljsl;t ePsf] snf . ~ bz{g gf) klZrdL dns  sf bfz{l
gsxaf6 cFuflnPsf] bz{g . ~ b]zdns gf) of]k jf cd]lsfsf]
772

sg} b]z . ~ ;Eotf gf) klZrd]nL ;Eotf . ~ ;flxTo gf) of]k, cd]lsf cflbdf ljsl;t ePs
f] ;flxTo . > kfZrfToLs0f gf) != k"jL{o b]z jf ToxfFsf lgjf;Lpk qmfO:6]nL aL;f}F zt
fAbLdf k]sf] kfZrfTo snf, ;+:s[lt, ;Eotf cflbsf] k|efj . @= To:tf] k|efjdf kg]{ j
f kfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . kfif08 gf) [;+)] x]) kfv08 . > kfif08L gf)lj) kfv08L . \ f] kT
y lznf . tx gf) k[YjLdf jf kfiff0f gf) [;+)] 9u To;sf] leq x]sf 9u \ fxsf] tx .
l5gf] . e]b gf) != af6nf lsl;dsf 7"n7"nf kft xg] ;]tf jf ftf k"mn kmNg] Ps hfts
f] a6L . @= To;}sf] sGb jf hf] . (o;sf rf lsl;d 5g\ . cfojb {] df o;sf] u0f wft
 axg], d"qs[R5, kTyL cflb f]unfO{ gfz ug]{ of]lg;DaGwL f]u gfz ug]{ atfOPsf] 5) . #
= Ps :jflbi7 kmn kfvga]t . ~ ou gf) != emG8} kfFr nfv jif{kj " s { f cfUg]o dfgjs
f] kfnfb]lv cfDe ePsf] 9u \ fnfO{ xltofsf] kdf k|of]u ug]{ Ps cflbd ou dflg;xn] wft
kQf nfpgeGbf klxn]sf] ou tfd|ou  eGbf klxn]sf] ou . @= lgDgk/fkfiff0f, dWok
fkfiff0f, ckkfkfiff0f, dWokfiff0f gjkfiff0fsf] ;fe]m gfd . ~ f]u gf) d"qfzo, lduf}
{ f, lkQ]yn } L cflbdf kTy hDg] f]u kTyL . jt\ lj) != 9u \ fh:tf] . @= h8 . #= d"
. $= d]sf] . %= a]xf]; . ^= lgZrn . ~ x[bo lj) kTyh:tf] s7f] x[bo ePsf] lgi7 lgb{oL
f{of lgdf]x {L. kf;! gf) of]) [;+) kfZj{] != glhs g] lgs6 lg . @= ;fy ;Fu l;t . gf
) #= lgs6 glhs . kf;@ gf) [;+) kfz] x]) kfz . kf;# gf) [c\)] != kLIff jf cGo sg} hfF
rdf pQL0f{ xg] k|lqmof ;kmntf (rf/ kf;, 5 kf;) . @= kf xg] jf l5g]{ sfd . #= k|l
taGw nfu]sf 7fpFdf ljgff]s6f]s hfgsf lglDt lbOg] l6s6 . lj) $= lgk0f bIf l;kfn .
%= :jLs[t dGh kflt . kf]6 { gf) ljb]zdf hfgsf lglDt cfgf] ;sfn] lbg] cgdltkq
k]mn gf) != kLIffdf xf]Og] ;kmntfc;kmntf . lj) @= kf; jf k]mn ePsf], pQL0ff{gQL0f{
. ~ as gf) Aof\sdf ?lkofF hDdf ug]{nfO{ Aof\sn] ?lkofFsf] xlx;fa n]lvlbg] kl:tsf ;
dy{gkl:tsf . kf;$ [c\)] eGHof (v}j kf;, gfynf kf;) . kf;nk;nkf;nLkf];nL gf) [;+) k
Zj{ n (l))] g]kfndf rn]sf] Ps k|sfsf] afnv]n . kf; xjfO c) lqm) [c\) kf; xjfO] != 5fq
fqfx hfFrdf ;kmn xg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= sg} ;ef, a}7s cflbdf k]; ulPsf k|:tfjx kflt
xg] lqmofk|lqmof . #= Psfltaf6 csf{ltsf] l5fO, pDsfO jf kfxjfO . kf;f gf) [k|f)] !
= kRrL; v]ndf em}F ysL{sf] k|of]u xg] t

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
773

kf;f]lkFwfO lk8L gf) [;+) k|j]bL] != k]6L lkF9L . @= 8f]Ln] ag]sf] vf6 8f]Lsf] vf6
lkF8L jf k]6Ldf cf]5fOg] vf6 . ~ ;f9 ] gf) cfgf] ufpF jf 3df dfq} k'mtL{kmftL{ ug]{ t
aflx uPkl5 n'?Ss kg]{ JolSt 3;fF9f . lk8n ' L gf) [lkF8'nf]O{] lkF8'nf]sf] ;fgf] k .
ljtf, uLt nf]suLtdf k|of]u) . lk8n ' ] lj) [lkF8'nf]P] 7"n7"nf df]6f lkF8'nf x'g]
. lk8'nf] gf) [lk08pNn < ;+) lk08s'n] s's'{Rrf] 3'8 F Lvf]kL| sf aLrsf] e'Ss p7]sf]
cjoj 3'8 F f gnLv'faLrsf] sl;nf] df;' ePsf] 5]kfL . lk8 ] lj) [lkF8f]P] 7"n7"nf lk
jf lkmnf x'g] (v;L, e]8f cflb) . lk8f] gf) [;+) lk08] != ufO{uf]?nfO{ vjfpg kL7f]
;v ldnfO{ 8Nnf] kflPsf] bfgf kL7f] ;v ldnfO{ 8Nnf] kflPsf], ufO{uf]?n] vfg] bfgf
vfg egL sf6]sf kzsf] lkF8nf] jf lkF8nfsf] df; . lk8f}nflkF8f}nf] gf) [;+) lk08
s'n] 3'8 F fb]lv d'lg gnLv'fsf] kl5lNt e'Ss p7]sf] df+;n efu lkF8'nf] . lkl9of gf) [;
+) lkl08sf] wfgsf] bfOF u]kl5 dgfOg] pT;j yf?hfltsf] e"d] k"hf To;;DaGwL pT;j . lk9L
gf) != a:g s]xL fVg x'g] uL uffsf] ;f yfdx xfnL agfOPsf], 3sf] uffaflxsf] efu bn
@= afa', afh], afh' cflb 5f]f], gflt, kgflt cflbsf] k"jf{k qmd j+zkDkf k':tf (h:t
}F lkF9L, cf7f}F lkF9L cflb) . #= pd] cj:yfsf cfwfdf lgwf{lt dflg;xsf] hdft . (pbf)
fn lkF9L, o'jf lkF9L, gofF lkF9L, ef]sf] lkF9L cflb) . ~ ;f9 ] gf) cfgf ufpF jf 3df
k'mtL{ b]vfpg] t cGoq s]xL af]Ngug{ g;Sg] JolQm cfgf] lkF9Ldf dfq 8lqmg] JolQm lkF8L
;fF9] . lkb\g ;) lqm) [lkFw \ g] r"0f{ kfg{ w"nf] kfg{ lkGg lkFWg . > lkFbfO
kFwfO . lkFbfOg s) lqm) lkFwfOg . lkbfpg' k|]) lqm) lkFwfpg' . lklbg' s) lqm) lkFlw
g' . lkw \ g ;) lqm) [;+) lki6k]if0f] != 3, hfFtf] jf To:t} k|sfsf oflGqs pks0fsf ;
tfn] cGg cflbnfO{ kL7f] kfg{ vn, l;nf}6f] cflbdf fv] gg, d;nf cflb dl;gf] kfg{ r"
0f{ kfg{ lkGg lk:g . @= csf{nfO{ lyrf]ldrf] ug{ n]Ygf] kfg{ bdg ug{ x]Kg . lkw
f) s'g} efF8f] jf j:t'sf] ;a}eGbf tNnf] efu k'5f/ kLFw . @= tNnf] ;tx tNnf] efu e'O{
+ . #= km]b km]bL . lkwfO gf) ] lkw\ -cfO)] lkFWg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lkwfOg'
lqm) lkFWg nfOg' . lkwfpg' k|) ] lqm) lkFWg nfpg' . lklwg' s) lqm) lkFwfOdf kflg' lkl
g' . lkwj ' f lj) != lkFWg] bNg] . @= cTofrfL . :qL) lkFwj ' L, lkFwj ' }.

sf}8Lsf] ;f6f] 5, kfFr, b'O{ Ps laGb' x'g] nfDrf] rfkf6] 6'qmf] u'8fP v]lng] v]n .
@= ;f] v]ndf u'8fOg] tLgdWo] s'g} Ps 6'qmf] jf u'8\sf] . ] ] aGrf], sf]bfnf] cfl
bsf] laF8 3';fg]{ kf;f]! gf) [;+) k|jz efu . kf;f]@ gf) [;+) kfZj{] ufO{a:t'sf bfo
fF afofFltsf b'O{ y'gsf] ;d"x kmfFrfsf] bfofF jf afofF efu . kf;f]# gf) [;+) kfz] !
= kz'kIfL jf dflg;nfO{ km;fpg] ;'sf{pgL kf]sf] 8f]L kfz hfn . @= af3, efn' cflb hGt'
nfO{ y'Gg] vf] wfk . #= cNemf] emGem6 . $= cfTdxTof ug]{n] e'mlG8g] 8f]L . kf:gL gf)
;+) k|fzgO{] afnsxnfO{ klxnf]kN6 cGg v'jfpg] ;+:sf cGgk|fzg . kfxfr] gf) [g]jf)] sf7
f}F lhNnfsf g]jfxn] 3f]8h ] fqfsf lbg dgfpg] kfx'gfrf8 . kfxf gf) [;+) e]s > k|f) e
]c > * Eofcf > kfxf] != 7"nf] hftsf] kfgLEofu'tf] Aof
. lj) @= kfxfh:t} u] ;'Tg] ;'tf
xf ;'tj ' f . #= fd|f] lxF8g \ g;Sg] 3l;|Pem}F u] lxF8g \ ]. $= k'mtL{ gePsf] h'D;f]
kfxf gf) [k|f) kef8 > kfxf] kxf . > kfxflnf] lj) kxflnf] 3dfOnf] . kflx lj) af])
fgf] Iffsf lgldQ cl;t d2t dfUbf k|of]u ulg] zAb u'xf . kflxskfxL lj) [;+) kfbo, kmf
u] kfos kfOs . kfx'gf gf) [kfx'g] ' cltly kfx'g' . ~ 3 gf) kfx'gfxnfO{ a:g agfOPsf] 3
tlylgjf; . ~ rf8kj{ gf) kfxfFr] . kf5f gf) kfx'gf kfx'gf;dfgsf dflg;xsf] ;d"x . kf
' kfx'gf] gf) [;+) k|f3'l0fsk|fx'0f] 3df af; a:g] uL jf s]xL lbg xg] uL cfPsf] ;Tsf
of]Uo Oi6ldq jf cGo JolSt cltly cEofut . kfx'! gf) [;+) k|fe[t] s;}sxfF hfFbf ;Ddfg
sf lglDt nlug] jf NofOg] sf];]nL ;f}uft ghfgf kfp . kfx'@ gf) x]) kfu' pu|fO . lk
;+) lk~h] rfr'?
\uL cflbnfO{ y'g] kfNgfsf lglDt afF;sf 5]:sf, tf cflbn] agfOPsf] vf] .
lk8fn' gf) [;+) lk08fn'] pQfg' k]sf 7"nf, gd kft x'g] hf sfFr} vfFbf sf]Sofpg] w]}
ePsf] cfn'h:tf] sGb jf ufg' kmNg] Ps jg:klt ss{nf jf To;sf] hfsf] ufg' slnnf] kft
ufefsf] kdf hfdf kmNg] ufg' pl;g] jf tsfL ksfP vfOg] jg:kltljz]if . lk8fNg] gf)
] l;d;fdf x'g,] nfdf 8fF7 tyf 7"n7"nf lrNnf, xlof, kfgL gcl8g] d'6'sf cfsfsf kft x'
g] ;fgf] hftsf] hns'DeL To;}sf k]mbdf x'g] sf]Sofpg] sGbljz]if .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

lkpglklR5n lkpg ;) lqm) [;+) lkj\ g] kfgL, b"w, S;L cflb tn kbfy{ dvdf xfnL lgNg
fnf] kbfy{ 36S \ ofpg kfg ug{ . @= rf]6, tdfv cflb w"jfF cfpg] j:t dvn] tfG
g rf]6, tdfv cflb vfg w"d|kfg ug{ . lkp7 gf) [c\) lke6] != l;kfxLeGbf dflyNnf] P
s h\uL bhf{ . @= Tof] bhf{sf] JolQm . lkpg gf) [c\) lkog] != lr7Lkq cflb kofpg, sfo
f{nonfO{ ;kmf ;U3 fVg b}lgs kdf sfof{nodf klcfpg] cGo sfd k"f ug{, ;sfL, cw{;sf
sfof{nodf lgoSt sd{rfL sfof{nosf] tNnf] txsf] sd{rfL . @= To:tf] sd{rfLsf] bhf{ lkog
. ~ as gf) lkpgxn] lr7Lkq cflb aemfpFbf ekf{O{ ufpg] kl:tsf ekf{O { kl:tsf . lkp
gf) [;+) k[Stf]0fL{] wfuf], aQL cflb sfTg wgn] km6\s ] nfDrf] cfsfsf] agfOPsf] pm
g, skf; cflbsf] nsf]{ wfuf], aQL cflb sfTg agfOPsf] km6\s]sf skf;sf] nfdf] nsf]
{ Ko"/L . lkpf] gf) [;+) lks6 > k|f) lkc8f]] lxdfnL n]sdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] rf] K
o"/f] . lkp;f] gf) [lkK;f]] != kmf]xf] 7fpFdf xg,] e;g  f]eGbf klg ;fgf] Ps hft
sf] p8\g] sLf] . @= gjhft afnssf] c;xfo cj:yfnfO{ aemfpg] zAb ;fgf] lgwf]{ afns .
#= lknf]eGbf ;fgf] ksjf 3fp lkK;f] Ko";f] . lks! gf) [;+)] sf]lsn sf]OnL . lks@ gf)
8NNofF7fsf 9fFrfsf], bO{lt bO{ lsl;dsf rRrf ePsf], ;fxf] hldg jf kSsL ;8s cflb
vGg] kmnfd] xltof ;8s cflb vGg], km6fpg] Ps k|sfsf] kmnfd] ;fwg Ps k|sfsf] emDkfn .
lks# gf) [;+) k[St] != kfg, ;tL{ cflb vfP ylsg] ys lkms . @= ys . bfgbfgL gf) l
s jf vsf, ys cflb ySg] efF8f] ysbfgL . lkskfof gf) bO{ b]zsf l;dfgf 5fpg ufl8Psf
] nf jf 9\uf], l;d]G6 jf kmnfdsf] vfFaf] dr{n ;fFuL9\uf] ;fFw] 9\uf] . lk gf)
]+vf]n < ;+) k| ] v \ f] != vsf xfFufdf jf rflt rfj6f afF; uf8L ltgsf 6Kkfdf afFlwPs
f ufnfdf 8f]L emG8fP emn] jf dRrfP v]Ng] ;fwg kL . @= To; ;fwgdf a;L emNb} jf dR
} v]lng] v]n kL . ~ v]nfO gf) != lk v]Ng] sfd . @= lgb|f jf pF3sf] emnfO . #= csf{d
flysf] 9nLdnL . $= bAnfP ;sLg;sL lxF8\g] cj:yf . lk\\un gf) [;+)] != gLnf] kx]Fnf]
ldl;Psf] v}f] s}nf] j0f{ . @= KofFnf] kx]Fnf] . lj) #= To:tf] sf] . ~ ;"q gf)
lgn] agfPsf] 5Gbzf:q . > lk\unf
774

gf) != fhf et[{xlsL kTgL d}ofF lk\unf . @= if6\rqmsf] cEof;df k|of]u xg] of]uzf:qcg
;fsf] Ps gf8L . lj) #= lk\un j0f{sL (gfL) . $= j]Zof . lkr gf) [c\)] ;8s cflb agfpg]
sfddf k|of]u ug{sf nflu f;folgs k|lqmofff tof kflPsf], tfkn] kUng] Ps k|sfsf] sfnf]
];fOnf] kbfy{ cnsqf sfnf]kq . lkrsfL gf) [c) d") lkRr ;+) sfL] x]) krsf . lkrlkr lqm)
) [c) d") lkr\ c (l))] != afaf ys kmfn] . Gff) @= To; k|sfsf] ysfO . > lkrlkrfO gf)
sk6s dvaf6 ys lgsflnxg] lqmofk|lqmof . lkrlkrfOg s) lqm) != lkrlkr ys lgsflng .
c) lqm) @= lkrlkr ySg] xf]Og . lkrlkrfpg c) lqm) lkrlkr ylsxg . lkrlkrfx6 gf)
lkrlkr ylsxg] cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof lkrlkrfO . lkrlkr] lj) lkRrlkRr kflxg] afaf
JolQm) . lkrf gf) [;+) lk6] afF;sf dl;gf rf]ofn] ag]sf] ;dfpg] jf emG8fpg] plemG8
f] gnfu]sf], sF8fnLsf 9asf] efF8f] . lkrf; gf) [;+) lkzfr] != x]) lkzfr . lj) @=
lkrf;] . > lkrf;] lj) != hyfefjL vfg] xGtsfnL . @= kmf]xf]L c;Eo h\unL . lklrs gf) [
d")] ;fx|} yf]} dfqfdf ySg] rfn . ~ lklrs lqm) lj) != 3l3lsf] ysfOsf ;fydf l5g glaf
{sg ySt} u] lkRrlkRr . gf) @= To; k|sfsf] ysfO . > lklrSs lqm) lj) != blaP jf lgrf
]bf] kbfy{ anl;t clnslt lg:sg] jf lgsflng] lsl;dn] . @= yf]} dfqfdf lkltSs . gf) #
= To:tf kbfy{sf] ank"j{ssf] lemsfO jf lgSnfO . lklrRr lqm) lj) [c) d") lkr\ > lkl
rr\ r] ank"j{s nuftf lklrSs eP a8f] ;fF3f] ;|f]taf6 lklrSs eP lgSng] lsl;dn] . lkrjf
f) [kt  jf] x]) lkRrf] . lkRsf gf) [c) d") lkr\ sf] != krsf jf To:t} ;fwgff kfgL cfl
b tn kbfy{ 5s{g] lsl;d krsf cflbaf6 kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ lg:sg] lsl;d . @= krsfaf6 5
6]sf] em}F kfgLsf] k|jfx . #= krsf . > lkRsfL gf) krsf . lkRr lqm) lj) [c) d") lkr\ r
] != Ps} ysfOdf ySbfsf] Ps} k|of;df . gf) @= Ps} k|of;sf] jf Ps} k6ssf] ysfO .
~ lkRr lqm) lj) != afaf ys ] ySbfsf] cg]sf}F k|of;df . gf) @= cg]sf}F k6ssf] nuft
fsf] ysfO . lkRrf afnv]nsf] y]uf] (sfg]sfg] lkRrf) . lkRrf] gf) [ktL cf]] :qLhflts
f] hgg]lGb|o lkrjf . lkR5 gf) [;+)] != do" cflbsf] kR5 . @= kR5 . lklR5n lj) [;+)]
!= kR5 ePsf] . @= lrKnf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
775

lkR5]lk8\sf] lk6fO . lkl6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lkl6s\ s] != ;fgf]ltgf] j:t efFRg] jf
efFlrg] lsl;dn] lk . @= To:tf] j:t efFRbf jf efFlrFbfsf] em}F zAb lgsfn] . gf) #=
To;L efFRbf jf efFlrbfsf] cfjfh . > lkl6lSsg c) lqm) lkl6Ss xg lkl6Ss efFlrg .
lkl6SSofO gf) lkl6Ss Wjlg lgsfNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lkl6SSofx6 gf) lkl6SofO . lk6
Lkf6L lqm) lj) [lk6L (l)) kf6L] lk6kf6 kf] r6rf6 kf] lk6] . lk6Llk6L lqm) lj) [c
(l))] afDaf lk lk efFlrg] uL . lk6jf lj) [lk6 pjf] != 3gn] lk6] cln kftnf] kfL
ftf, efF8f] cflb) . gf) @= To;L lk6] agfOPsf] wftsf] efF8f] . lk6\sf] gf) x]) lk8\
sf] . lk lqm) lj) [c) d") lk6\ 6] l;6fl;6L cflb efFlrg] jf efFlrP zAb cfpg] uL . ;ft)
lkl6l6l6 . lkf gf) [ lk6\ cf] != lk6\g] sfd lk6fO yKk8 . @= l6Kkf l6kfO pl5gfO . lk6
) [;+) k[i7 pm] != x]s sfdsfdf s;}sf] kl5 nfUg] cgufdL lk5nUu" kR5 rDrf . gf) @=
uLsg xfxfdf s;}sf] kl5 nfUg] JolSt k[i7kf]ifs JolSt . lk6\7" lj) x]) lk6\7 . lk7fp
nL gf) [;+) lki7fjnL] != dl;gfdl;gf nfDrf lsl;dsf kft xg] cldnf]df ulnof] ldl;P
sf kmn kmNg] ;fgf] Ps af]6 ;tLao . @= gf;kftL, :ofp cflbsf] v"a kfs]sf] ubL . lkl
7p gf) zLsf k5fl8sf] efu kL7 k[i7efu cf
lk7"F lkG8f] . kl lqm) lj) kl5lNt
k[i7d\ > lkd\] 8F8fNg' lkl7pF . lkl7of gf) [;+) kLl7sf] tfO{sf ufpFdf xKtfdf lglZrt
lbgdf lglZrt 7fpFdf nfUg] c:yfoL ahf xf6 xl6of . lk7f] gf) [;+) lki6] != hfFtf], 3,
sn cflbdf lkFlwPsf] cgfhxsf] r"0f{ lk7f] . @= w"nf] r"0f{ . lk7f}nL gf) [;+) lki7fjn
L] lk7fpnL ;tLao . lk7' F gf) x]) lkl7pF . lk7" F gf) x]) lkl7pF . lk8f gf) h
\unL e
f] kf8f] cgf{sf] aRrf] . lk8f gf) [;+) lk08f] nfDrf kft, ;]tf k"mn kx]Fnf kmn kmNg],
efFRbf ;]tf] b"w lg:sg] Ps hftsf] j[If jf To;}sf] kmn . lk8\sf] gf) [;+) kL8s] ;
fgf]ltgf] vl6f] jf lknf] lkK;f] lkp;f] .

lkR5] gf) of]) [;+) kZrP] != k|To]snfO{ Ps kg]{ uL ck'
\uL (pbf) dfG5]lkR5]sf a]Unfa]U
n} s'f ;'lgG5g\ .) . @= k|lt (JolSt, j:t' O), h:t}JolQmlkR5], 7fjFl} kR5] O)) . lk
58\g c) lqm) [lk5fl8 g] k5fl8 kg{, kl5 kg{ . > lk58fOg s) lqm) k5fl8 kg]{ tNofO
g kl5 kflg . lk58fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) k5fl8 kfg{ jf kfg{ nfpg . lk58fx6 gf) lk5
8fO . lk5l8Psf] lj) != cfly{s ;fdflhs cflb :tdf kl5 k]sf] . @= k|ltof]lutfdf kl5 k]s
f] . lk5nUu" lj) [lk5f nUu"] != csf{sf] kl5 nfUg] :jefjsf] sg} sfddf cfk}mF cufl8 a
9\g] v"aL gePsf] k5] rDrf . lk5xL gf) [lk5f xL] z0f kg{ cfpg]n] Nofpg] sf];n ] L jf b
t . lk5f gf) [;+) kZr cf] != s;}nfO{ ;dfTg, dfg{ jf sg} lsl;dsf] xflg kofpg yfxf g
kfOg] uL kl5 nfUg] sfd nv]6\g] sfd k5]8f . @= ;xfotf, ;xof]u cflb kfpgsf lglDt s;}s
f] kl5 nfUg] sfd k5fpg] sfd . #= cf>o jf z0fdf kg]{ sfd cfzflk5f . ~ ufO gf) != cg;
. @= cf>ou|x0f . lk5fl8 lqm) lj) [lk5f l8] k5fl8 . lk5] gf) of]) [;+) kZr P] lkR5] . l
k~h gf) [;+)] != lkFhf . @= kx]Fnf] . #= zLsf xf8xaf6 ag]sf] lkFhfsf] cfsf cl:y
. > lk~hf gf) != lkFhf lkFh8f . @= lk~h . lk~hL gf) != xsjf, k7jf cflbsf] slgpF n
bf ;a}eGbf tn la5fpg] bO{ em6gLsf] dfq k]mf] . @= lkFh8f (uLt, nf]suLt, sljtf cfl
bdf) . lk6\g ;) lqm) [k|f) lk g] != dflg;, k|f0fL jf s]xL sfnfO{ xft, nf}f] cflbn]
6\g r6\g 76fpg . @= lhTg . #= ofnL cflb ahfpg . $= xNnf drfpg . %= v"a;Fu s
fd ug{ bGsfpg . lk6 gf) [;+)] != k]6ff] . @= ;Gbs . s gf) != k]6ff] . @= af}4 u|G
sf jf\dodWo] Ps . #= u|Gysf] sg} efu . $= lk8\sf] vl6f] . lk6kf6 gf) [lk6\ kf6] lk6\g
] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj kf6lk6 7f]s7fs dfd\u|L . > lk6kf6] lj) lk6kf6 kfg]{ kflk ug
f] . lk6Nhf gf) lnR5ljsfnLg clws0f jf s] G b| L o c8\8fcbfntdWo] Ps . lk6fO gf) [ lk
6\ - cfO)] lk6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lk6fOg s) lqm) lk6\g nfOg lkl6g] kfl/g
. lk6fpg k|) ] lqm) lkl6g] kfg{ lk6\g nfpg . lk6flk6 gf) Ps csf{df p;n] p;nfO{ p
;n] p;nfO{ lk6\g] sfd k:ksf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

lkl9oflkt[ lkl9of gf) [;+) kLl7sf] uf]? jf fFufn] xfFSg] uf8fdf a}njfg a:g] 7fpFlgsf
] RofK6f] sf7 lkl8of . lk08 gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] jf 7"nf] sg} vFlbnf] 8Nnf] uf]nfsf s
g} j:t af6nf] kbfy{ . @= >f4df lkt[sf gfddf 5f]f jf gflt cflbff r9fOg] eft jf hf}
sf] kL7fsf] 8Nnf] lkt[nfO{ lbg] p2]Zon] afl6Psf] eft jf hf}sf] 8Nnf] . #= dg gkLsg
s;}nfO{ lbPsf] vfg]sf . $= zL b]x . %= ufF; . ^= csf{n] lbPsf] vfg]sf (tR5fy{df)
. s gf) != st (P]lt)) . @= hldg gfKg] c8\8f . sGb gf) lkF8fn . s gf) k|frLg sfn
u|fdjf;Lxdfly nufOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] e"lds . ~ vhl { sf gf) ;fgf] hftsf] 8Nn] kmn kmNg]
vh" yfsn . ~ vfg] lj) != Hofb} a"9f] . @= b3{6gfsf] ;DefjgfnfO{ pk]Iff uL lxF8\g]
jf sfd ug]{ . h gf) != ue{d} cfsf u|x0f u] hGdg] hGt hfoh . lj) @= To; k|sf hGd]
dfG5], kz O)) . b lj) != lkt[nfO{ lk08kfgL lbg] lkt[sf p2]Zon] >f4 ug]{ . @= vfgnfp
g lbP kfNg] . gf) #= lkt[nfO{ lk08kfgL lbg] JolSt >f4 ug]{ JolSt . $= 5f]f] . %= ;G
tfg . ~ bfg gf) lkt[xsf p2]Zon] lk08 lbg] sfd >f4df lkt[xsf gfddf lk08 r9fpg] sfd .
~ kfgL gf) lkt[xsf gfddf r9fOg] lk08 hn >f4df ulg] lk08bfg tk{0f . ~ d5f}gL gf) !
fx| lbg;Dd k|t ] sf lglDt lk08 ksfpgfsf nflu b"w bxg k|of]u ulg] ufO{ . @= lk08
a6fg]{ sfo{ . ~ o1 gf) lkt[xsf lglDt ulg] o1 lkt[xnfO{ lk08 lbg] tk{0f ug]{ sfo{ ;
t[sfo{ . ~ flz gf) ls:tfsf kdf k6sk6s uL glbP Psdi6 jf Ps} k6s lbOg] sd Psd:6 sd
. ~ nf]k gf) != lk08bftfxdWo] 5f]f jf 5f]Ltkm{sf sf]xL hLljt gxgfn] lkt[sf] >f4 f]ls
g] lk08kfgL gkfpg] l:ylt lk08 lbg] sfddf cjf]w . @= cktfnL . #= j+znf]k . ~ ;hf{d
gf) l9sfdf d[tssf] k|]tsd{ ubf{ lbOg] lk08sf] ;fdu|L . :yfg] lk08 gf) != lk08sf 7
fpFdf lk08 g} xg] l:ylt . @= h:tf] klxn] lyof] To:t} xg] k|lqmof sg} JolSt jf
j:tdWo] klxn] hf] hxfF lyof] ToxLF xg] l:ylt oyfl:ylt . > lk08L gf) != uf]nfsfsf] ;
fgf] j:t sg} j:tsf] ;fgf] 8Nnf] . @= ;fgf] lk08 . lk08] lj) [lk08 P] != lk08fsfsf]
8Nnf] cfsfsf] lk08h:tf] . @= lk08sf] lk08;DaGwL ;lk08L . #= slxn] lgsf] gxg] (f]u j
f f]uL) . ~ labf gf) >f4 ug{sf lglDt kfOg] labf . ~ efO gf) h"7f] ;"ts nfUg] dbf{ l
k08 tk{0f lbgkg]{ glhssf] bfhefO ;lk08L bfhefO . ~ f]u gf) slxNo} lgsf] gxg] f]u
mlgs f]u . ~ f]uL lj) ;w}F f]u nfluxg] slxNo} f]un] g5f]8g \ ] ;w}s F f] f]uL bL3
776

lk08f]khLjL lj) [;+)] csf{n] lbPsf] cGgsf edf afFr]sf] kfGghLjL etjf . lktlkt lqm) l
) [c) d") lkt\ c (l))] != lunf] kbfy{ lylrP jf lgrf]lP afaf clnslt aflx lg:sg] uL
gf) @= To:tf] kbfy{ aflx lg:sFbfsf] rfn jf Wjlg . > lktlktfO gf) lktlktfpg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof . lktlktfOg c) lqm) lktlktfpg] xf]Og . lktlktfpg c) lqm) lktlkt rfn
jf Wjlg pTkGg xg . lktlktfx6 gf) lktlktfO . lktlkt] lj) lktlkt ug]{ . lkt gf) [;+)
lkt[] lkt[ b]plkt/ . lktn gf) x]) lkQn . > lktn] lj) x]) lkQn] . lktf gf) [;+)] cfk
"mnfO{ hGdfpg] JolSt hGdbftf afa hgs . hLHo" gf) aaf (cfbfyL{ Pj+ cf}krfls k|of]
lktfd gf) sg} sfd ug]{ jf s;}nfO{ lhTg] zlSt tfut k|tfk . lktfdx gf) [;+)] cfgf afa
sf] afa afh] xhaf . > lktfdxL gf) cfgf afasL cfdf aHo} xhcfdf xhafsL kTgL .
s lqm) lj) [c) d") lklts\ c (l))] lktlkt lkltlt lkltltlt . lkltSs lj) [c) d") lklts\ s
= clnslt yf]} (l3p, crf, bxL, ux, uf]a cflb h:tf n]bf] kbfy{sf ;Gbe{df) . lqm) lj)
@= n]bf] kbfy{ yf]} dfqfdf lbg] jf emfg]{ uL . lkltQ lqm) lj) [c) d") lkt\ > lkltt
\ t] lklrRr lkltlt lktlkt . lkt[ gf) [;+)] != d]sf afaafh]x lbj\ut ePsf cfgf kvf{
|t ] sf] cj:yfaf6 dSt ePsf k"jh { . #= ;gftgL ljZjf;cg;f lkt[nf]ssf] lgjf;L . ~
C0f gf) wd{zf:qcg;f hGdhft tLg C0f (b]jC0f, ClifC0f lkt[C0f)dWo] t];|f] C0f kqf]T
klQkl5 dfq dlSt kfOg] C0f . ~ sd{sfo{ gf) lkt[sf lglDt ulg] tk{0f, >f4 cflb sd{ .
~ sn gf) != cfgf afasf] j+z afatkm{sf aGwafGwj . @= dfOtLsn dfOtLvns . ~ s[Tolqm
of gf) lkt[sd{ . ~ u0f gf) != lkt[xsf] ;d"x . @= dLlr dlgsf clUgijfQ, ;f]dkf cflb 5
f]fx . ~ u[x gf) 5f]Lr]nLsf nflu lkt[u[x dfOtL3 dfOtL afasf] 3 . ~ 3ft gf) lkt[x
fts3ftL lj) != afanfO{ dfg]{ lkt[xTof ug]{ . @= afasf] clgi6 ug]{ afasf] senf] u
g]{ . gf) #= To; k|sfsf] senf] jf xTof ug]{ JolSt . ~ tGq gf) != afa jf 3sf] a"9f
]kfsf] JolStsf cgzf;gdf kljf jf hfltsf ;b:oxn] a:gkg]{ dfgj ;dfhsf] kfgf] zf;gJoj
:yf ysfnLtGq (xfd|f] tfO{ leqL dw];df

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
777

lktf]lkTn] lkTsg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof . lklTsg c) lqm) != lkTsg . @= lklt

Ss emg]{ jf lbOg] xf]Og . lkTsf] gf) [c) d") lkt\ sf]] != lkltSs emg]{ j:tsf] yf]}
dfqf cNk dfqfdf lbOPsf] jf em]sf] n]bf] kbfy{ . @= cNkdfqf jf kldf0f . lkQ! lqm) lj
) [c) d") lkt\ t] n]bf] kbfy{ lylrP jf lgrf]lP clnslt aflx lg:sg] lsl;dn] lklTsP . ;f
lkltlt lkltltlt . lkQ@ gf) [;+)] != k]6leq sn]hf] kmf]S;fsf aLrdf bflxg]kl xg], vfPs
f] j:tnfO{ krfpg ;xfotf ug]{, tLtf] kx]Fnf] tn kbfy{ os[Hhn os[b|; . @= j}Bzf:qcg
;f skm, jft, lkQ oL lqbf]ifdWo] Ps bf]if . s lj) :j:y zLsf nflu cfjZoseGbf a9L lkQ
f ug]{ zLdf lkQ a9fpg] lkQj4{s . sf]if gf) k]6leq sn]hf] kmf]S;fsf aLrdf xg] lk
y}nL lkQfzo lkQy}nL lkQ] y}nL (unAnf8) . g lj) != lkQnfO{ gfz ug]{ lkQgfzs . gf) @
nfO{ a9\g glbg] cfojl{] bs cf}ifwL . #= o" l3p . ~ Hj gf) zLdf lkQsf] dfqf a9\gfn] c
pg] hf] lkQsf] k|sf]kaf6 cfpg] hf] lkQsf sf0fn] ubf{ cfpg] hf] sfdnf, sdnlkQ, ufof],
G8; cflbn] ubf{ zLdf cgej xg] tftf]kg . ~ y}nL gf) lkQsf]if . ~ kTyL gf) zfLls ljs
lkQfzodf aGg] 9u \ fh:tf ;fgf7"nf k|foM uf]nf bfgf . kfk8f gf) ;fwf0f, 8f]nf] hf x
g,] kx]n F f] af]qmf xg,] nfDrf] efjsf] tLgj6f kft Pp6} 8fF7df xg] nfDrf, ;]t
f jf gLnf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt . ~ k|sl [ t lj) a9L lkQ xg] k|sl[ tsf] lk
Q a9\g] :jefjsf] . ~ k|sf]k gf) lkQsf] cflwSon] ubf{ xg] zfLls c:j:ytf xflgsfs kdf l
Qsf] j[l4 . lkQn gf) [;+)] != tfdf] h:tfsf] ld>0faf6 aGg] kx]Fnf] \usf] Ps pkwft kL
tn . lj) @= lkQ w]} ePsf] lkQ a9fpg] . ~ e8 ] lj) cf}nf] jf v'Fhn] vfP ut ;lsgfn]
x]n F f] 7"nf] e'8 F L ePsf] (dflg;) . > lkQn] lj) != lkQnaf6 agfOPsf] lkQn;DaGwL l
kQnsf] lkTn] . @= lkQsf] f]un] ubf{ kx]FlnPsf] sdnlkQ ePsf] . #= x'Kk k'mn]sf] (e'F
8L) lkTn] . lkQfDn gf) [;+)] lkQdf x'g] cldnf]kg lkQdf x'g] cDn cdnlkQ . lkQfzo gf) [
;+)] lkQ /xg] :yn jf sf]if lkQ] y}nL . lkQ] lj) [lkQP] lkQ ePsf] . ~ y}nL gf) lkQ xg]
y}nL lkQfzo . lkTn] lj) [lkQn]] != lkQn] . [c) d") lkQ\n]] @= gfd|L k'mn]sf] (e'8 F
L) . ~ ef8f] gf) lkQnsf] efF8f] . ~ e'8 L gf) x'Kk k'mn]sf] e'F8L 6fDs] e'F8L .

a:g] yfxdf o:tf] rng cem} stfst} kfOG5) . @= lkt[;Qf . ~ tk{0f gf) lkt[xsf lglDt ck{
0f ulg] s'z;lxtsf] hnf~hln lkt[xsf lgldQ lbOg] tk{0f . ~ ltly gf) != afa'sf] d[To' e
Psf] ltly afa' d]sf] lbg . @= d]sf afa'sf] jflif{s >f4 ug]{ ltly . #= cdfj:of . ~ t
Ly{ gf) != lxGb"xsf] lkt[sfo{ ulg] uof, a|XdskfnL cflb tLy{ . @= rf] cf}Fnf a"9L cf}
Fnfsf aLrsf] xTs]nfsf] 5]p efu . Tj gf) != lktf x'gfsf] efj . @= lktfsf gftfn] k"f
ug'k { g]{ bfloTj . ~ bfg gf) >f4sf lbg cyjf cf}F;L ltlydf lkt[sf gfddf a|fXd0fn
fO{ lbOg] bfg . bfo gf) lktfaf6 5f]fxn] kfPsf] ;DklQ k}lqs ;DklQ c+z . ~ b]j gf) !=
tfnfO{ b]jtfsf kdf dfGg] JolSt lktfnfO{ b]jtf ;Demg] JolSt . @= lktfHo" . ~ kIf gf)
lkt[xsf p2]Zon] >f4 ulg] cflZjg s[i0f k|ltkbfb]lv cflZjg z'Sn k|ltkbf;Ddsf hDdf ;
f]x| lbg ;f]x|>f4 ;f]x|;fb . ~ eSt lj) afa'sf] ;]jfz'>"iff ug]{ afa'n] eg]sf] dfGg]
fa'sf] eSt . ~ elSt gf) != afa'sf] ;]jfz'>"iff . @= afa'sf] cf1fkfng . #= afa'k|l
tsf] elSt jf st{Jokfo0ftf . ~ efu gf) ef]hgsf a]nfdf jf cGo ljz]if ltlykj{df lkt[xs
f lglDt 5'fOg] kSjfGg, g}jB ] cflb lkt[sf] efu:jk 5'fOg] kSjfGg . ~ ef]hg gf) != lkt
O{ r9fPsf] k|;fb . @= df; jf df;sf] k'mf}nf . #= u}F8fsf] df;' . ~ e|ftf gf) != sf
sf . @= a8faf . ~ o1 gf) lkt[sf lglDt ulg] tk{0f, >f4 cflb lqmof lkt[sd{ ;fb . fh
kt[xsf] fhf odfh . ~ fHo gf) odnf]s . ~ nf]s gf) lkt[x a:g] nf]s lkt[xsf] nf]s o
f) afa'sf bfh'efO cfgf h]7f afa', sfG5f afa' cflb . ~ >f4 gf) lkt[xsf lglDt ulg] lk08
bfgflb sd{ lkt[xsf p2]Zon] ulg] >f4 lkt[xsf] >f4 . ~ ;Qf gf) != afa' kljfsf] :jfdL
] afa'sf cg'zf;gdf kljfsf] ;b:on] a:g'kg]{ ;fdflhs Joj:yf kljfsf ;b:odfly afa'sf] :j
ldTj x'g] Joj:yf . @= afa'sf] ;Qf . #= afa'sf] gfdaf6 j+zkDkf rNg] Joj:yf . ~ ;QfT
ds lj) kljfsf] jf:tljs dflns afa' ePsf] k|0ffnLdf cfwflt jf pSt k|0ffnLsf] . ~ ;QfTd
stf gf) lkt[;QfTds x'g] u'0f lkt[;Qfsf] ljz]iftf . :j;f gf) afa'sL lbbL jf alxgL k'm
k" . ~ xTof gf) afa'nfO{ dfg]{ sfd lktfsf] xTof lkt[3ft . lktf] gf) [;+) lkQ] zLleq l
Q xg] y}nL lkQ] y}nL . lkTsg c) lqm) [lkTsf] g] lkTsf]sf kdf lg:sg jf emg{ . > lkT
fO gf) lkTsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lkTsfOg s) lqm) lkTsg] kflg . lkTsfpg ;) lqm)k|)
] lqm) lkTsf]sf kdf lbg jf xfNg lkTsg] kfg{ . lkTsfx6 gf)

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

lkwfglkK;f] lkwfg gf) [;+)] != 9fSg] sfd 5f]Kg] sfd . @= 9sgL lasf]{ . #= emfkg . >
lkwfgs gf) != lkwfg . @= bfk . lkwfos lj) [;+)] != 9fSg] 5f]Kg] . @= 9fs5f]k ug]{ n
sfpg] . lkg gf) [c\)] sfuhkqx gTyL ug]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] l;of]sf] h:t} ldlxg 6Kkf]
ePsf], wftsf] dl;gf] sLnf] cfnlkg . lkgf gf) [;+) lk0ofs] tf]L, ltn cflb k]n] t]n
lems]sf] l;L jf 5f]qmf vnL vnLlkgf . lkgfO gf) [ lkg\ - cfO)] lkGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] lkgfOg s) lqm) lkGg nufOg lkFwfOg . lkgfpg k|) ] lqm) lkGg nfpg lkFwfpg
. lkgfs gf) [;+)] != lzjhLsf] wg chuj . @= wg . > lkgfsL gf) lkgfs wgnfO{ wf0f ug
]{ JolSt lzjhL . ] gfs] cf]9fdf xg] ljsf . lkgf; gf) [;+) kLg;] ?3f lau| lkgf;] lj)
lkgf; P] != lkgf;sf] f]u nfu]sf] . @= lkGr] lknGw] . ~ cf]9f gf) gfsleq lkgf; kg]{ 7fp
gfs] :j pTkGg ug]{ zfLls cjoj gfs] 6f]8\sL . lkGr] lj) [c) d") kLF r]] ;fgf]ltgf] sf
klg ?g yfNg] lknlkn] cfF; aufOxg] ?Gr] lkts]{ . > lkGRofO gf) lkGr] x'g] rfn lkGr
r]kg . lkG8f] gf) [;+) lk08] != df;' vfg sf6]sf kz'sf] k5fl8sf] lkmnf] lkF8f] . @=
y'k|f] (cN5Lsf] lkG8f]) . lklG;g gf) [c
\) k]G;g] x]) k]G;g lgj[lQe0f . > lklG;g] lj)
k]G;gjfn . lkk gf) [;+) k"o] kfs]sf 3fp, vl6f cflbaf6 lg:sg] l;Fufgh:tf] ljiffSt
kbfy{ lkk . lkkn gf) [;+) lkKkn] kfgsf cfsfsf] t 6'Kkfsf] efu s]xL nfdf] x'g], 8fF7
x'g], as} lsl;dsf dl;gf uf]n kmn kmNg], af]qmf x'g] vf]6f] lg:sg] Ps hftsf] j[If c
ZjTy lkKkn . (cfo'jb {] df o;sf] af]qmf lb;f;DaGwL f]udf laofF zLtsfs cf}ifwLsf] kdf
k|l;4 5 lxGb"xsf bli6df of] kljq j[If dflgG5 .) kftL gf) a6flPsf], uf]nfuf]nf nfdf
8fF7 ePsf kft x'g], kx]Fnf af:gfbf k"mn k'mNg], ftf 8Nnfsf kmn kmNg] ntfljz]if . (
cfo'j]{bdf o;sf] kft 6fpsf] b'Vbf hf ;k{n] 6f]Sbf lxtsfs dflgPsf] 5 .) kft] lj) !=
kLknsf kftsf cfsfsf] . @= kftnf cf]7 ePsf] . gf) #= kLknh:tf] kft x'g] Ps hftsf]
nxf] . $= s'g} l;4fGtdf gc8\g] df}sfcg';f otfptf eOxg] cj;jfbL lkKknkft] . > lkkn'
kKkn (uLt, sfJo jf nf]suLtdf) . lkknd]G6 gf) [c
\) lkkldG6] != k'lbgfsf h:tf ;;fgf k
ft x'g], af:gfbf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], afaL emfsf ;d"xsf] Ps hftsf] emf Ps k|sfsf] k'lbgf
. @= To;sf] ;f jf
778

;f] ;f lrgLld;|Ldf ldnfO{ agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] ld7fO{ . kLkL (afnaf]nLdf) . lkknf gf

) [;+) lkKklnsf] x]) lkKnf . { kLkf] sf7, wft', cflbsf] 7"nf], uf]n lkkf! gf) [kf
]t) nfDrf] lsl;dsf] efF8f] . lkkf@ gf) [Nof)] elof jf 6xn'jfsf] sfd ug]{ tNnf] txs
f] kN6lgof hflubf . ~ uf]:jff gf) lkkfxsf] c8\8f . lkkf;f gf) [;+)] kfgL cflb lkpg] O
5f Kof; ltvf{ t[iff . @= s'g} s'fsf] cltzo rfxgf nf]enfnr (pbf)wgsf] lkkf;f cGtxLg s'
xf]) . > lkkf;' lj) lkkf;f ePsf] ltvf{Psf] Kof;f] . lklkf gf) [lklkf]cf] lklkf] .
f) ;fgf7"nf w]} lklkfx ;fgf7"nf lklkfxsf] ;d"x . lklkL gf) [lklkf]O{] != Psfkl s
sf{kl s]xL 7"nf] kfL kft a6f] 9'
\u|f]h:tf] kflPsf] tLvf], rsf]{ :jn] aHg] s]6fs]6Lsf
fhf . @= ahfpFbf d'vleq k;fOg] ;gO{sf] efu . #= kxf8df kfOg] kft a6f] v]Ng] afhf a
gfpg k|of]udf cfpg] Ps h
\unL af]6 . ~ kLF lj) af]) != lklkL ahfpFbf lg:sg] :jsf] cg'
s0f . gf) @= pSt cfjfh . ~ afhf gf) lklkL l;7L . lklkf] gf) [;+) lkKkncf]] != cfFs'
nf] . @= ;gO{ afhf cflbsf] k'mSbf aHg] 6'Kkf] lklkL . lkkL gf) [c) d")] s]6fs]6Ln] k
'ms] ahfpg] afhf lklkL . lkkLlnsf gf) [;+)] sldnf] . lkk[R5f gf) [;+)] k|Zg ug]{ OR5f
;f]Wg] rfxgf . lkKkn gf) [;+)] kLkn . ~ kft] lj) x]) kLknkft] . lkKknL gf) [;+)] lk
Knf . ~ d"n gf) lkKnfsf] hf] lkKnfsf] d"n . lkKnf gf) [;+) lkKknL] != kfgsf h:tf kft
, lkf] :jfb lsDa'sf h:tf kmn x'g] Ps hftsf] nxf] h
\unL kfg . @= To;}sf] kmn lkKknL .
~ d"n gf) lkKknLd"n . lkKnL gf) [;+) lkKknL] !=kfgsf cfsfsf kfFr;ft ;]lG6ld6 nfdf kf
t kfgsf h:tf cfsfsf k"mn, lkf] :jfb, lsDa'sf cfsfsf kmn, v}f] aflxL efudf w;f{ k]sf]
x'g], cfo'jb {] df ;f] h/f kf}li6s skmgfzs dflgPsf] nxf]ljz]if lkKnfsf] nxf] . @= v
fS;Lh:t} kft x'g] bfsf h:t} bfgf x'g], a:t'n] 3fF; vfg] 7]sL s'Fb\g x'g] vljz]if v;
|6 ] f] . lklK;
gf) [c
\) kfOk;S;g] ;f;ff b"w, ;a{t cflb tfg] lkpg] gnL tn kbfy{ lkp
k|sfsf] ;fgf] kfOk . lkK;f] gf) [;+) lkKn';f]] != lkp;f] (e';g ' f]) . [;+) k"o;f]]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Pa'1.p65
779

lkoSs8lkl
\uf] kll:ylt cfOkbf{ x'g] dfgl;s tfk lrGtf . @= 8G8Llaof] cflbsf v]ndf afhL
xfg]{nfO{ lhTg]n] nfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] b08 lk . lklk lqm) lj) [c) d") lk\c) (l))] != n
cflb clncln u] RofltFbfsf] em}F Wjlg pTkGg u] . @= kLf] :jfb pTkGg uL . lj) #= To:tf]
Wjlg jf :jfb pTkGg ug]{ lklk] . $= lklk Rofltg] sdhf] . gf) %= To:tf] Wjlg jf :jfb .
lklkfO gf) lklk ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . lklkfOg' c) lqm) lklkfpg] xf]Og' . lkf
jZjf;cg';f e"t, k|t ] cflb nfUgfn] jf clerfL;DaGwL sd{af6 zfLls jf dfgl;s kdf si6 x'g
] lqmof kmfk gx'g] l:ylt ckmfk lauf . @= c s;}af6 x'g] jf lbOg] w]} s'fsf] b'Mvsi6
. lklkfpg' c) lqm) lklk zAb jf :jfb pTkGg x'g' . lklkfx6 gf) lklkfpg] jf lklk u
mof . lklk] gf) != ;gO{h:tf] u] aHg] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . lj) @= lklk :jfb k}bf ug]{ .
klksf] Wjlg jf cfjfh lgsfNg] . lk/ dsf{ gf) != s'g} ;fdflhs, k|fs[lts cflb sf0faf6 j
f s;}ff ePsf] xflggf]S;fgL . @= cfkt\ljkt\ . #= ;\s6 . lkn gf) [lkf}n] ;Nnfsf] kft
Nn]lk ;Nn]la . lknfO gf) [ lkf]n - cfO)] lkf]nfO . [ > ] lknfOg s) lqm) lkf]nfO
]) lqm) lkf]nfpg . lknfx6 gf) lkf]nfx6 . lknfxf lj) lkf]nfxf . lknf] gf) [k|f) kL
;+) < kL8fs/] != sg} xflg gf]S;fgL xFbf jf cK7f/f] kl/l:ylt cfOkbf{ xg] dfgl;s
tfk kL/ . @= lemFhf]nfUbf] sfd lk/f]Ng] sfd . #= 6f]s;f] . > lk/NofOF gf) lk/Ng] rf
nf lk/nf]kg lk/f]NofOF . lkf gf) [;+) kLl7sf] sf7sf] kmNofsaf6 agfOPsf], ljz]if u] ef
vfFbf a:g], af6nf] jf rfkf6] cf;g lksf{ lk?sf . lkfO gf) [ lk\ - cfO)] != lkg]{ ef
mof jf k|lqmof . [lkfp cfO] @= lkfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof [ > ] lkfOg s) lqm) lkg{
nfOg . lkfpg ;) lqm) != lkg]{ sfd ug{ bMvsi6 lbg ;tfpg ;f:tL lbg . k|]) lqm) @
lkg]{ tNofpg lkg{ nfpg . lkfx6 gf) lkfO . lkfxf lj) != hGdnUgdf cnfO{ bMv lbg]
k]sf] csf{nfO{ bMv lbg] bMvbfoL . @= g;xg] gkmfKg] ckmfk . #= lkg]{ :jefjsf] lkf]
. lkfxL lj) lkfxf :jefjsL (cfOdfO{) . lklSs lqm) lj) [c) d") lkls\ s] nufkmf6f Rofl
efF8fsF8f rs{g] jf km6\g] uL lk{ . lkl\uf] gf) ;fgf efnfsfsf kft xg,] ;]tf] k
nfDrf] lsl;dsf] kmn kmNg], cfoj]{bdf 7G8f ug]{ k]6sf] f]u lgsf] kfg]{ elgPsf] Ps
k|sfsf] a6L .

@= lkp;f] (vl6f]) . lkoSs8 lj) [lkp cSs8] != S;L lkpg] nt ePsf] w]} S;L lkpg] . @= w]
pg] . lkofO gf) [ lkp - ofO)] != lkpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof kfg . @= bxg] a]nfdf ufO{e}F
;LnfO{ sF8f] cflb lkofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lkofOg s) lqm) != lkpg] tNo
fOg lkpg nfOg . c) lqm) @= ufO{a:tcflb lkofpg] xf]Og . lkofpgL gf) [lkofp gL] lk
pg] a]nfdf a:tsf] ygdf bNg] lrNnf] . lkofpg ;) lqm) [lkp ofp g] != rSnL nfpg 5:
SofOF ug{ . c) lqm) @= af5faf5L jf kf8fkf8LnfO{ b"w lbg] cj:yfdf (ufO{e}F;L cfl
b) xg . k|) ] lqm) #= lkpg] kfg{ lkpg nfpg . > lkofg gf) ufO{e; F} Lsf af5fkf
8fn] dfpsf] b"w vfg] sfd . lkofgf] gf) [c\)] xfdf]{lgodh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] kfZrfTo afh
f . lkof gf) [;+) lk|o > lkocf] k|]d Kof dfof k|Llt . lkoff gf) [;+) lk|o] k|f
|otd dfof dfofn . lkofL lj) [;+) lk|o O{] != KofL . gf) @= k|]ldsf lk|otdf dfof
off] lj) [;+) lk|o] != Koff] dfofn lk|o . @= dgkbf]{ f]rs ?lrk"0f{ . #= cfsif{s
dfofn lk|otd lkof/f . lkofn gf) [;+)] rf}8f xlof kft xg], ;;fgf emKkfbf k"mn kmN
], ftf jf ftfsfnf kmn kmNg] abfdsf :jfbsf] Ps k|sfsf] vfg] d;nfsf] lgs} cUnf] af]6 l
rf}FhL . @= To;}sf] kmn (cfoj]{bdf o;sf] t]nnfO{ rd{f]u lgsf] kfg]{ elgPsf] 5 .)
lkofnf] gf) [tn) a\uf)kfrfnL (ofqf) < ;+) kbrfn] != nsLl5kL lxF8\g] af6f] a]rNtL jf
sd rNtLsf] af6f] rf]af6f] . @= ;f]e]mL st} hfg] af6f] ;f]e]m6f] . lk\g ;) lqm) [;+)
8g] != grflxFbf] sfd jf sf u] csf{sf zL jf dgdf kL kfg{ bMv lbg . @= grflxFbf] j
bSsnfUbf] sf afaf ulxg srsr ug{ 6f]s:g . #= e"tk|t ] cflbsf sf0fn] ubf{ sg} 3
b gkmfKg lklkfp xg . lk! gf) 8G8Llaof]sf v]n v]Nb} hfFbf cj:yfg;f elgg] ;ftsf] ;
f l;f] . lk@ gf) ;Nnfsf] kft lkn lkf}n ;Nn]lk ;Nn]la . lk# gf) [kmf)] != khf
d7sf clwi7ftf d7fwLz dxGt (vf; uL uf]vkGydf) . #= d;ndfgxsf l;4 dxfTdf d;ndfgxsf
u?  . lk$ gf) [;+) kL8f] != sg} xflggf]S;fgL xFbf jf cK7ff]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

lkl/glknf] lklg c) lqm) [lk\ O g] != kL jf lrGtf lnOg . s) lqm) @= lkfOdf klg
 . lklof gf) [kLf] Oof] nfdf kft, dl;gf ;]tf jf ftf k"mn lsDasf h:tf] cfsfsf] t
{ofpg] ;fgf] kmn kmNg] k|foM l;d;fdf xg] Ps hftsf] emf lk]{ . lkLlkL lqm) lj) [lk
l56l56f] lkllk xg] uL . lk?sf gf) [;+) kLl7sf] lkf lksf{ . lk] gf) [c) d") lk\ P
g} 7fpFdf vfOg] Ps hftsf] Eofutf] kfxf Aof . lkf] gf) [;+) kL8s] != v;f{gL, dLr cfl
vfFbf kfOg] :jfb 5 ;dWo] Ps ; s6; . @= kf]Ng] Ps k|sfsf] pQ]hgf k}bf ug]{ u0f eP
j:t (v;f{gL, dLr cflb) . lj) #= To:t} :jfb ePsf] . ~ g lk/f] lj) cf}wL lkf] clahf
nf] . ~ lkf] lj) w]} lkf] gePsf] clncln lkf] yf]} lkf] dd lkf] . lkf]n \ g
g} j:t afaf dfu] jf sg} sfdsf] afaf u] csf{nfO{ kL kfg{ lknf]df kfg{ . @= s
afaf u] csf{nfO{ si6 lbg bMv lbg . #= 6f]s:g srsr ug{ . $= kf]Ng 89fpg . > lk
O gf) kL8f lbg] jf lkNg] lqmofk|lqmof . lkf]nfOg s) lqm) lkf]nfpg] kflg . lkf]nfpg
) ] lqm) lkf]Ng nfpg . lkf]nfx6 gf) lkf]nfO . lkf]nfxf lj) != lkf]lnxg] lkfxf .
;dosf] u|xultcg;f lkg]{ u|x ePsf] lkg]{ :jefjsf] lkfxf . lkf]nf] gf) [lknf]] x]) l
. > lkf]NofO gf) lkf]nf] kfg]{ sfd jf rfn lkf]Ng] kg . lkf}n gf) ;Nnfsf] kft ;NnL
f{ gf) [;+) kLl7sf] != uf]?uf8Lsf] rfns a:g] 7fpFdf kg]{ uL flvPsf] RofK6f] sf7 lkl9
of . @= lk?sf lkf . lkhf{ gf) [eL(ef]) a)) hf (r/f])] zL ftf], kv]6f sfnf], ;ff}F
;fgf], eLdf a:g] a:bfv]l k['R5 kv]6f pkmfg]{, PSn} jf hf]8L eP lxF8\g] Ps vfnsf] r
. lktL{ gf) [;+) k|Llt] k|Llt lktL . lk{ lqm) lj) [c) d") lk\] != n'uf cflb RofTbf
fltFbf lklSs jf lk{ cfjfh lgSng] uL . @= sdhf] n'uf cflb PsfPs Rofltg] lsl;dn] . #=
l;7L jf lklkL afhf ah]em}F cfjfh lgsfn] . $= lklk Wjlgsf ;fydf . ;ft) lkl{ . lk] {
fgsf h:tf nfdf kft x'g,] emG8} b'O{ ld6 cUnf], cfo'j]{bdf To;sf] t]n x}hf leq hng
x'g] f]unfO{ lxt ug]{ elgPsf], l;d;fdf kfOg] 3fF; jf emf lklof . dw];lt
780

stf elgg] emf . lkln{Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lkln{s \ s] != l;fpFbf, d"R5f{ kbf{ jf dbf{
Fvf kN6fP kn{Ss . lj) @=8nfUbf] lsl;dl;t klN6Psf] (cfFvf) . gf) #= q'm4 b[li6 8nfUbf]
x]fO . > lkln{lSsg' c) lqm) cfFvf lkln{Ss x'g' 8nfUbf] lsl;dn] cfFvf klN6g' . lkln{
SSofOlkln{SSofx6 gf) cfFvf lkln{Ss x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lknGw] lj) [kLw] != f]u
] ubf{ rfplPsf] b'Anf] s[z sdhf] . @= ;fgfltgf s'fdf ?g yfNg] ?Gr] lkt's{] . > lknG
lknGw]kg . lknlkn lqm) lj) [c) d") lkn\c (l))] != ;fgf]ltgf] s'fdf klg f]Oxg] lsl;d
. @= cfFvfaf6 a{ cfF;' emf] . #= dw'f];u F an] lwklwk . gf) $= cfF;e ' mfO . %= aQLs
dGb anfO . > lknlknfO gf) lknlkn ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . lknlknfOg' c) lqm) lknlkn
ug]{ xf]Og' . lknlknfpbf] lj) lknlkn] . lknlknfpg' c) lqm) lknlkn ug]{ x'g' . lknl
klng' c) lqm) lknlknfOg' . lknlkn] lj) lknlkn ug]{ lknlknfpFbf] lknlknfxf . lknlkNof
O gf) lknlknfO . lknlkNofxf lj) != lknlkn] ?Gr] . @= dGb (cfnf]s) . lknf gf) ljjfxsf
;dodf 5f]LnfO{ bfOhf]sf ;fy lbOg] k]6ff]h:tf] efF8f] . lknfO gf) [ lknfp -cfO)] != b
"w, kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ lkofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof lkofO . @= uf]nL ;'nfpg] lqmofk|lq
mof ;'nfO . [ > ] lknfOg' s) lqm) != kfgL cflb lkofOg' . @= uf]nLn] xflgg' . lknfp
g' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != kfgL cflb lkofpg' jf lkpg nfpg' . @= uf]nLn] xfGg nfpg' .
lknfx6 gf) uf]nLsf] k|xf . lknf; gf) [c
\) Knf;\] != k]rs; . @= lgDg sf]l6sf] dvdn .
lklng c) lqm) [lknf] O g] != cf3ft k]sf], rf]6 nfu]sf] jf gLn8fd k]sf] 7fpFsf] ut le
q} lalu|P 3fp pTkGg xg] l:yltdf kUg . @= 3fpvl6fdf kLk cflb hd] kfSg] nIf0f b]lv
g . lklnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") lklns\ s] != cfuf], aQL cflb PSsfl; an] . @= ;fgf]ltgf]
sfdf em cfF; rxfP . > lklnSofO gf) lklnSs aNg], cfF; emfg]{ jf cfFvf kN6fpg] lq
mofk|lqmof . lklnSofOg s) lqm) kN6fOg lkln{Ss kflg . lklnSofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm)
lklnSs kfg{ jf kfg{ nfpg . lknLlknL lqm) lj) [c) d") lkn\ O{ (l))] lknlkn eOx] . lkn
] lj) [lknf] P] lknf] (vl6f]) cfPsf] -JolSt_ . lkn]6 gf) [c\) Kn]6] x]) Kn]6 . lknf] g
) [;+) kL8s] df; w]} ePsf] 7fpFdf cfpg] Ps

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
781

lkNofOkL7 lk;! gf) [c\)] != sg} xf:oJo\Uosf] ;fgf] c+z . @= sg} 5f]6f] f]rs k|;\u .
#= sk8f cflbsf] 6qmf] . $= zflGt . lk;@ gf) [;+) lkif\] tf;, ulGhkmf cflb k]m6] a
fF8\g] sfd . lk;fO gf) [ lk;\ - cfO)] != lk:g] sfd (tf; cflb) . @= lkFWg] lqmof jf k
|lqmof lkFwfO lkgfO . [ > ] lk;fOg s) lqm) lk:g jf lkFWg nfOg . lk;fpgL gf) lk;fPs
f] jf lkFwfPsf] Hofnf lk;fgL . lk;fpg k|) ] lqm) lk:g jf lkFWg nufpg . lk;fr gf)
[;+) lkzfr] lkzfr lkrf; . lk;fgL gf) [ lk;fp cfgL] != 3, sn cflbdf ds} cflb lkFwfpFbf
lbOg] Hofnf lk;fpgL . @= lk;fpg] jf lkFwfpg] sfo{ . ~ b:t gf) lkFwfPsf] Hofnf . lk
;fk gf) [kmf) k]zfa] vfPsf] tn kbfy{ k]6df kuL kr] k|f0fLxsf hgg]lGb|oaf6 lg:sg] tn
kbfy{ lk;fa d"q d"t n3z\sf . vfgf gf) lk;fa ug{ agfOPsf] 7fpF lk;fa3 . lk;fa gf
]zfa] lk;fk d"q d"t . vfgf gf) lk;fk ug]{ 3 jf v08 . ~ 3 gf) lk;fkvfgf . lkl;g s
[ lk;\ O g] != lk:g] sfd ulg lk;fOdf kflg . c) lqm) @= lk;fOdf kg{ . lk;f]n\g ;)
clncln 89fpg lkN:ofpg . > lk;f]nkf;f]n gf) aflxaflx clncln lk;f]Ng] jf 89fpg] sfd
lk;f]nfO gf) lk;f]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lk;f]nfOg s) lqm) lk;f]Ng] kflg . lk;f]l
ng s) lqm) lk;f]Ng] sfd ulg lk;f]nfO kUg . lk:tf gf) [kmf) lk:t] x]) k]:tf . lk:
tf]nlk:tf}n gf) [c\) lk:6n] ;fgf], RofK6f] tyf Ps xftn] rnfOg] aGbssf hfltsf] xlto
f tdGrf . kL gf) [c) d")] != ;gO{ cflb afhf ahfpFbf cfpg] cfjfh ;gO{ cflb afhf aHg] l
sl;d . @= ;fgf afnsx ?Fbf cfpg] cfjfh ;fgf afnsx ?g] lsl;d . lqm) lj) #= To;L aHg] j
f ?g] uL . kLw gf) x]) lkFw . kLs gf) x]) lks# . bfgbfgL gf) x]) lksbfgL . kL
gf)
. kL5f gf) x]) lk5f . kL7 gf) [;+)] != xf6ahf nfu]sf] 7fpF . @= xf6ahf ahf . #= tLy{:
n . $= fhl;+xf;g . [;)] k[i7lkl7pF kl5] %= ub{gb]lv rfs;Ddsf] c
\u lkl7pF cf
. ^= sf7
'
\uf cflbsf] cf;g lkf lksf{ . &= ljBfyL{xn] k9\g] 7fpF . *= b]jtfsf] d"lt{nfO{ c8];fs
f] nflu lbOg] s'g} j:t' . s gf) a:g] cf;g (rf}sL, rs6L, lksf{ O)) .

lsl;dsf] vl6f] lkmnfdf cfpg] vl6f] 7"nf] hftsf] lkK;f] . lkNofO gf) [ lkNofp -cfO)]
ng] jf lkNofpg] lqmof k|lqmof . [ > ] lkNofOg s) lqm) lkNofpg] jf lklng] kflg . l
kNofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [;+) k| ] 0f] != Hofld, lgajf cflb kmnx ; lgsfNgfsf nflu
 lunf] kfg{ luNofpg . @= 3fpvl6f cflbnfO{ sg} pkfoff lklng] tNofpg . #= uf]nL c
lb ldnfpg nufpg . > lkNofx6 gf) lkNofO . lkNn lqm) lj) [c) d") lkn\ n] != ;fgf]ltgf
] sfdf cfF; emf] . @= dwf] lsl;dn] an] . ~ lkNn lqm) lj) != ;fgf]ltgf] sfdf afa
 emflx]/ . @= cfuf], aQL cflb lknlkn lsl;dn] alnx] . lklNng c) lqm) [lknf] O g] !=
vl6f cflb lklng . @= lgajf, sfutL cflb ; lg:sg] uL lgrf]lg[ . lklN;g c) lqm) [;+
Knif\89\g] != (xlof ds} cflb) cfufsf] fkn] ;]lsP leqleq} kfSg . @= sg} j:t cln
cln 89\g . #= dfgl;s lrGtfn] ubf{ leqleq} bMvL xg lkf]lng lrlGtt xg . > lkN:
ofO gf) lklN;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lkN:ofOg s) lqm) cfuf]df ;]sfP leqleq} kfS
g] agfOg . lkN:ofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) To;L ;]sfP kfSg] kfg{ jf kfg{ nfpg . lkN:o
fx6 gf) lkN:ofO . lkjfrf gf) [g]jf)] uhfn] ]6 ] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] 5fnfn] d9]sf] tfaf
. (of] b'O{ k|sfsf] x'G5 rftf] b'Ot { f]) . lkjf gf) [ef]) a)] != t'
\jf vfg]n] hfF
9'
\u|fdf uf8] r':g] b'j}lt Kjfn k]sf] afF;sf] ;f]t] . @= eF8f] . lkjf
gf) [;]kf{)] l
Frfh:t} Ps k|sfsf] afhf . lkzfr gf) [;+)] != b]jtfaf6 hGd]sf d7fxf hfltsf b; e]bdWo
] Ps b]jtfsf l7dfxf hfltdWo] Ps lgDgsf]l6sf] aLeT; sd{ ug]{ xLg b]jof]lg e"tk|]t cfl
b . @= bi6 dflg; . lj) #= bi6 gLr . ~ efiff gf) k}zfrL efiff . > lkzflrsf gf) !=
lkzfrof]lgsL :qL lkzfr gfL . @= h6fd;Lsf] Ps e]b . lkzfrL gf) lkzfr of]lgsL :qL :qL
lkzfr . lkzg gf) [;+)] != csf{sf] rSnL nfpg] JolSt 5NofOF ug]{ JolQm 5Nofxf dfl
g; . lj) @= rSnL nfpg] 5Nofxf gLr Ifb| . lki6 lj) [;+)] != lkFlwPsf] lkFw] r"0f{ k
lPsf] . gf) @= lkFlwPsf] j:t kL7f] . k]if0f gf) != PskN6 lkFlw;s]sf] j:tnfO{ k]ml
lkFWg] sfd . @= ul;lsPsf] jf elg;lsPsf] sfd jf sfnfO{ k]ml bf]xf]ofpg] sfd kli6 kl
6k|bfg :ki6Ls0f . lk;\g ;) lqm) [;+) k]if0f] != x]) lkFWg lkGg . @= tf;, ulGhkmf c
flb k]m6\g afF8\g .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kLl7sfk8 f] db{ gf) != ;+:s[t ;flxTozf:qcg';f cfgf s'fsf rft'on { ] gflosfsf] dfge
ug{ hfGg] gfossf] ldq . @= g6LnfO{ gfr l;sfpg] p:tfb . #= nfdf] k|f;
\lus syfsf] g
fos ktfsfsf] gfos d'Vo gfoseGbf u'0fdf s]xL sd ePsf] pkgfos . :ylj gf) ljZjljBfno, l
jBfkL7, u'?s'n cflb ;+:yfsf] 5fq;DaGwL ljj0f tyf cGo sfutkq fVg] ltgLxsf] lzIffbLIf
fsf] fd|f] k|aGw ug]{ k|d'v (j[4) kbflwsfL s'n;lrj lhi6f . > kL7fWoIf gf) fhfsf cf
Gbf]a:t ug]{ JolQm . kL7f;Lg lj) != cWoIfsf] cf;gdf a;]sf] kL7df a;]sf] (JolSt) .
@= u2Ldf a;]sf] (JolSt) . kLl7sf gf) [;+)] != lkf lksf{ . @= syf cflbsf k':tsxsf] klR
5]b cWofo (k"jk { Ll7sf, pQkLl7sf O)) . #= b]jd"lt{ jf s'g} vDafsf] cfwf . kL7f] gf)
x]) lk7f] . kL8s lj) [;+)] != cnfO{ jf :jod\nfO{ si6 k'ofpg] jf b'Mv lbg] kL8f k'ofp
g] . gf) @= kL8f lbg] JolSt . k) ;) #= w]}h;f] c zAbsf k5fl8 cfpg] kL8f lbg] eGg] cy
{ a'emfpg] k|ToowdL{ zAb (h:t} cfTdkL8s, kkL8s O)) . kL8g gf) [;+)] != kL8f jf b'Mv
lbg] lqmof jf sfd ;tfpg] lqmof jf sfd lkf]nfO . @= cGofo cTofrf . #= s'g} JolSt jf j
:t'nfO{ lyRg] sfd k]Ng] sfd . $= cF7fpg] sfd . kL8f gf) [;+)] != zLdf rf]6k6s nfUbf j
f cGo s'g} sf0fn] zfLls si6 x'Fbf jf dfgl;s cf3ft kbf{ ;r]t JolStsf dgdf x'g] b'Mvs
f] cg'e"lt zfLls jf dfgl;s b'Mvsf] cg'ej j]bgf Joyf tslnkm si6 . @= f]u Joflw . #=
sfp . shgs lj) zfLls jf dfgl;s b'Mv lbg] kL8f lbg] si6k|b . > kL8fNks lj) b'Mv sd
cf}ifwLljz]ifM l;8]l6g, k]glsn cflb) . kLl8t lj) != b'Mv lbOPsf] jf b'Mv kfPsf] ;tf
OPsf] . @= bafOPsf] lylrPsf] . #= l;ls:t kflPsf] . kL9L gf) x]) lkF9L . kLt lj) [;+)
] != kx]Fnf] . @= lkOPsf] kfg ulPsf] . gf) #= kx]n F f]
. s0f gf) jg:kltdf x'g] kx]
F f] ~hs j:t' . ~ rGbg gf) != rGbgsf kdf k|of]u ulg] kx]n F f] lsl;dsf] >Lv08 . @=
rGbgsf kdf nufOg] df6f] uf]kLrGbg fdltns . dl0f gf) x]) k'ikfh . d"nL gf) kbdrfN
L) . kLtn gf) [;+)] x]) lkQn . > kLtnLo lj) lkQnsf] lkQnsf] h:tf] kx]Fnf] . kLtn] lj)
x]) lkQn] . kLtfDa gf) [;+)] != k"hfkf7 cflb ubf{ nufOg] ];d jf
782

kf6sf] wf]tL . @= kx]Fnf] j:q . #= kx]Fnf] j:q wf0f ug]{ lji0f' . $= kx]Fnf] k'mN
g] Ps k|sfsf] k"mn . lj) %= kx]Fnf] j:q nufpg] jf kx]n F f] j:q ePsf] . kLg lj) [;
+)] != df]6f] hLp ePsf] df]6f] :y"n :y"nsfo . @= k'i6 . #= 7"nf] ljzfn eLd . kLk gf)
]) lkk . kLkn gf) x]) lkkn . > kLkn' gf) x]) lkkn' . kLo"if gf) [;+)] != ;'wf cd[t .
@= laxfPsf] ;ft lbgleqsf] ufO{sf] b"w ;ft lbgleqsf] n}g' ufO{sf] lauf}t] b"w . k
Ln' gf) [;+)] ;fwf0ftM kft, kmn, k"mn cf]vsf h:t} x'g] ljz]if k|sfsf] cf]v bfFt] cf]v
kLj lj) [;+)] kLg df]6f] ljzfnsfo a8]dfsf] . k'F! lj) af]) [c) d")] z
\v jf To:t} ls
n] k'ms] aHg] afhf ahfpFbf zAb cfpg] lsl;d . k'@ gf) [af) af])] != kfgL cflb k]o kb
fy{nfO{ jf lkpg] lqmofnfO{ a'emfpg] zAb . @= afnaf]nLdf kfgL vfg] lqmof . #= kfg
L cflb k]o kbfy{ . k'u Lkmn gf) [;+) k"uLkmn] ;'kfL ;'kf8L . k'h L gf) [lx) k"h F L
!= s'g} JolQm jf ;+:yfsf] hLjglgjf{xsf] cfjZostfaf6 hf]luPsf] wg hLjg wfGgsf nfl
u vr{ u] pla|Psf] wg ;l~rt wg art wg . @= pBf]u, Jofkf cflb s'g} Joj;fodf nufgL ulPsf
lgGt d'gfkmf lbOxg] d"n wg Jofkf, pBf]u cflbsf] ;fpF . #= ?lkofFk; } f, ;'grfFbL gub
DklQ . $= wg . ut lj) != k'h F Lsf kdf kl0ft ePsf] wgsf kdf ablnPsf] . @= k'FhL;DaGw
. ut Joo gf) kl5 k|ltkmnsf kdf nfe lbg] ]n, gx, lah'nL, snsfvfgfh:tf Joj;fosf] lgdf
0fdf ulg] vr{ pGglt jf wgf]kfh{gsf nflu tTsfn ulg] Joo . klt gf) != s'g} pBf]u, Joj;
fo cflbdf gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] k|z:t wgsf] nufgL ug]{ JolSt pBf]uklt . @= kof{Kt
k'h F L ePsf] JolSt wgL JolSt . lj) #= wgL . ~ klrfng gf) plrt jf nfek|b lsl;dn] ulP
sf] k'h F Lsf] klrfng s'zntfk"js { ulPsf] ;DklQsf] ljlgof]hg . ~ nufgL gf) k'h F Lnf
O{ pBf]u, Joj;fo cflbdf nufpg] sfd k'h F Lsf] ljlgof]hg . jfb gf) sfn{dfS;{ pgsf c
g'ofoLsf dtcg';f pTkfbgsf k|d'v ;fwg tyf pTkflbt j:t'xsf] ljt0fdf k'h F Lkltsf] Jol
Qmut :jfldTj ePsf] cfly{s Joj:yf pTkfbgdf e"ld, >d cflbsf ck]Iff k'h F Ls} ;jf]k
{ l e"ldsf dfGg] cfly{s Joj:yf . jfbL lj) k'FhLjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ k'FhLjfbsf] ;dy{s
. k'8 ] lj) [k'8 F f]P] ;a} cf
Ps
sf] lgwfb]lv y'tg ' f];Dd csf]{
sf] k'F8f]
a:t') . k'8f] gf) [;+) k'08] ufO{a:t' cflbsf] hDd}h;f] hLp Ps

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Pa'1.p65
783

k'8 f]k'9 f]k'
#= laGtLefp ug'{ k|fy{gf ug'{ . $= lkmfb ug'{ . k'sfk'sff gf) !
pF lnP gfpF lnPsf] JolStn] ;'Gg] uL 6f9faf6 af]nfpg] sfd . @= cfkt\ljkt\ cfOkbf{ ;
'Iff jf ;xfotfsf nflu s;}nfO{ u'xfg]{ sfd . #= laGtLefp k|fy{gf cg'goljgo . $= lkmfb
ph' . k'sffO gf) [ k' s f\ - cfO)] k'sfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof k'sffufO . [ > ] k'sflg'
af]nfOg' 8flsg' . @= k'sff ulg' . k'sk 's ' ' lqm) lj) [c) d") k's \ p (l))] k'sk's
'sk'stL k'sk'sL . k'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") k's \ s] != s;}nfO{ d'8s \ L jf ;fgf] 8Nnf
cflbn] xfGbf Ps} rf]l6 xn'sf lsl;dn] nfUg] uL . @= k'mNg] jf ;'lGgg] lsl;dn] . (p
bf) xfjf elPkl5 es'G8f] k'Ss k'mN5 .) . lj) #= k'mn]sf] ;'lGgPsf] . $= df]6fPsf] df]
6f] . (pbf) p;sf k'Ss ufnf b]v] ;a} df]lxt x'G5g\) . ~ k'Ss lqm) lj) != Pskl5 k]ml c
sf]k { N6 k'Ss k|xf u] . @= k'Ss k'mlnx] . k'lSsg' s) lqm) != d'8\sL jf ;fgf] 8Nnf cf
bn] xn'sf rfndf lkl6g' k'Ss lk6fO vfOg' . c) lqm) @= k'Ss df]6fpg' . k'SSofO gf) k
'SSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k'SSofOg' s) lqm) != k'Ss xflgg' . @= k's'k's' vfOg' v
KKofOg' . k'SSofpg' ;) lqm) != k'Ss xfGg' k'sk'Sofpg' . @= k's'k's' vfg' vKKofpg' .
k'SSofx6 gf) k'SSofO . k'Svnk'Svnf] lj) [;+) k'isn] != dL7f];u F af]Ng] jf s'f ug{
hfGg] s'f ug{ l;kfn' ldhfl;nf] . @= af7f] rt' . k'u\g c) lqm) [;+) k|fks g] != Ps
f6 k|:yfg uL csf]{ 7fpFdf k|:tt xg sg} 7fpFaf6 lxF8L nlIft :yfgdf pkl:yt xg
. @= k7fOPsf] 7fpFdf k7fOPsf] sf bflvn xg kxFrg . #= sg} sfdsf lglDt dfndQf
jf j:tsf] kldf0f kof{Kt xg . $= Ps cj:yfaf6 csf]{ cj:yfdf kljlt{t xg . %= OR5
f u]sf] sf k"0f{ xg lrtfPsf] sf k|fKt xg . ^= s;}sf] bfFhf] jf afadf cfpg s;}
afa aGg . &= ;DkGg xg . > kugku lj) != kU5 kU5h:tf] emG8} ku]sf] clnsltn] d
gku]sf] ku]; ku]; . @= w]yf] . kufO gf) kUg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kufOg s) lqm)
Ug] kflg kofOg . kufpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) kUg] kfg{ jf kfg{ nufpg kofpg .
ug c) lqm) sxLF ku]sf] xf]Og . kuL;L gf) wg;DklQ, ;v;la:tf, ;fwg cflbsf] kof{
Kttf 5]nf]vn ] f] ;d[l4 . ku; ] ku; ] lj) != gfddfqn] kUg] jf kUof] eGg dfq ;
xfpg] kof{Kt dfqfdf gku]sf] cNk dfqfdf dfq ku]sf] jf kUg] . gf) @= gkUnf ls eG
g] eo . k gf) [kmf]] != hfF8, S;L cflb fVg] sf7, afF;, df6f]

sf] eO{ lgwfb]lv ytgf];Ddsf] cl3Nnf] efudf dfq ePsf] ;]tf] jf c sf] 6f6f] . k8f]
f) of]) [;+) k6] != ptf Totf k . (pbf) 3/k'F8f] Pp6f v 5) . lqm) lj) @= k/lt/ 6f9f (
) w]} k'F8f] ghfpm, glhs} a;) . k'k ' gf) [c) d") k'F (l))] afnaf]nLdf df]6nfO{ a'e
g] zAb df]6 . k's + z ] gf) [;+)] k"mnsf] kfudf k'?ifk|wfg tj ePsf] h k'ikkfudf x
:Tjk|wfg h . k' + Tg gf) [;+)] k'?ifTg >]i7 jf pQd k'?if . k'+ln
\u gf) [;+)] != k'?i
] k'+;Tjsf] lrXg k'?ifsf] hgg]lGb|o . @= Jofs0fdf efn] jf k'?if hfltnfO{ a'emfpg]
tj . k'l + ZrXg gf) [;+)] != k'?ifsf] lrXg . @= k'?ifsf] hgg]lGb|o . k'; + Tj gf) [
;+)] != k'?ifTj db{kgf . @= jLtf axfb'L k'?iffy{ kfqmd . k'; + jt\ lj) [;+)] != k'?
efn]h:tf] . @= jL kfqmdL cfF6L . k'; + jg gf) [;+)] uef{wfgb]lv lnP d[To'ko{Gt ulg]
ltsf iff]8z ;+:sfdWo] ue{wf0f ePsf] t];|f] dlxgfdf ulg] Ps ;+:sf ue{jtL :qLn] 5f]f] k
cf];\ egL ulg] ;+:sf iff]8z ;+:sfdWo] ltLo ;+:sf . k': + Tj gf) [;+)] != k'?ifsf] ef
?ifTj . @= k'?ifsf] :qL;dfud ;Gtfgf]TklQ ug{ ;Sg] zlQm . #= k'?ifsf] u'0f, :jefj
jf ljz]iftf . k'O { k'Os \ gf) [c) d")] ckfgjfo' rNbfsf] dl;g' Wjlg . > k'OS s lq
) lj) ckfgjfo' rNbf tLvf] dl;g' cfjfh cfpg] uL . k'OSofO gf) k'OS F ofpg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . k'OFSofOg' qm) lqm) k'OFSofpg] sfd ulg' . k'OS ofpg' ;) lqm) k'OFSs cfjfh
cfpg] uL ckfgjfo' 5f]8\g' . k'skfs lqm) lj) [c) d")] != lk6kf6 u] s'6sf6 u] . gf) @
k6kf6 s'6sf6 . k'sk'slqm) lj) [c) d") k's\c (l))] != s;}nfO{ d'8\sL jf ;fgf] 8Nnfn]
xn'sf lsl;dn] afaf xfGg] uL . gf) @= To:tf] lsl;dsf] xgfO . > k'sk'stLk'sk'sL lqm) lj
) cem} k'sk's x'g] uL . k'sk'SofO gf) k'sk'Sofpg] lsl;d jf lqmof k'sk'sufO . k'sk'So
fOg' s) lqm) k'sk's lxsf{Og' . k'sk'Sofpg' ;) lqm) k'sk's cfjfh cfpg] uL s;}nfO{ lx
sf{pg' kf6lk6 kfg'{ lk6\g' . k'sk'Sofx6 gf) k'sk'SofO . k'sf\g ;) lqm) [ksf g] !=
fO{ gfpF sf9] jf ;Daf]wg u] 6f9faf6 af]nfpg xfFs kfg{ . @= sg} cfkt\ljkt\ cfOkbf{
;Iff jf ;xfotfsf nflu s;}nfO{ af]nfpg uxfg{ .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kdfk6 cflbsf] 9\u|f] kjf kdf . @= 7]sL, 9\u|f], efF8f] cflbsf] dv . #= k|
8f cflbsf] l;fgltsf] efu . ~ g kR5 6) != l;fgb]lv k5f;Dd s]xL g s]xLsf] l:ylt . @=
sg} plSt jf sygsf] lgy{stf k]mb6Kkf] s]xL gxgfsf] cj:yf . kdf gf) != dv kLFw v
f ePsf] 9\u|f]h:tf] efF8f] bj}kl vnf ePsf] 9\u|f] . lj) @= a]sfdsf] 2L a]sDdf .
d"v{ x:;" kjf . > kdf] lj) l;4fGt gePsf] a]sfd] (dflg;) kdf . ku \ j gf)
hflt, ju{ jf ;dbfonfO{ aemfpg] zAbsf kl5lNt nfuL To; hflt, ju{ jf ;dbfodf >]i7
eGg] cy{ aemfpg] zAb (h:tf] gk\uj, Clifk\uj, jLku \ j O)) . @= sg} hflt, ju{ jf
;dbfodf >]i7 JolQm . kRr lqm) lj) [c) d") kr \ r] != dv vf]sNbf cf]7n] kfgL km
fn] snsn uL ys] . @= k|]d hgfpFbf bj} cf]7 rf];] kf] DjfOF vfPsf] h:tf] cfjfh lg
] . kR5 gf) [;+)] kR5 . slk gf) != clk|msfdf kfOg] Ps k|sfsf] kR5]jfg . @= sg}
kR5]afFb . slk cgu0f gf) slk jf Zjslk To:t} k|sfsf jfgsf] ;fd"lxs gfd . kR5 g
kR5] != kz, kIfL jf sLfxsf zLsf] kl5Nnf] efuaf6 lg:s]sf] nfdf] cjoj sg} j:tsf] k
l5Nnf] efu kR5 . lj) @= csf{sf] kl5 nfUg] k5f}6] . kR5 ] lj) [kR5 P] != kR5 ePsf]
5 xg] . @= sg} sfutsf] k5fdf ulg] Jff nufOg] (x:tfIf jf 5fk) . #= k5fsf] v] (k
l6kf]6 M v] l6kf]6) . gf) $= uf]7fnf] . %= cgr . ~ l6kf]6 gf) kfbl6Kk0fL v] l6kf]6
. ~ tff] gf) ftdf slxn]sfxLF cfsfzdf b]lvg], kl5lNt nfdf] wjfFsf] d:nf] jf Hjfnfh:
tf] xg] tff] pNsf w"ds]t . (of] b]lvg clgi6sfL dflgG5) . ~ efu gf) ufO{e}F;L cflb
f}kfof laqmL ubf{ uf]7fnf] nfUg] s]6fs]6L jf uf]7fnf]nfO{ lbOg] df]x?lkofFsf] b:t
 . ~ ;xL gf) sg} sfuhsf] k5fdf ulg] x:tfIf jf nufOg] 5fk . > kR5f}nL gf) sg} u
f rgf cflbsf] kl5Nnf] c+z kllzi6 cjz]if . k5 \ g ;) lqm) [;+) k|f~ ] 5g] #= zfLls
f sg} j:tdf nfu]sf] don jf bfu x6fpg d]6g \  ;kmf ug{ . > k5 gf) != sg} sf ;
f]Wg] sfd ;f]wk5 k5gL . @= va . #= jf:tf . k5tf5 gf) sg} sf ;f]wk5 ug]{ sfd ;f]
vf]h . k5gkf5g gf) k5kf5 ug]{ sfd k5kf5 . k5gL gf) != sg} sf ;f]wk5 ug]{ sfd ;
f]Wg] sfd k|Zg ;f]wgL . @= k5fO ;kmfO .
784

k5kf5 gf) zfLls c\u jf sg} j:tnfO{ ;kmf kfg]{ sfd lr;f] sk8f, sfut cflb bn] sg} j
tnfO{ ;kmf ug]{ sfd . k5fO gf) k5\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . k5fOg s) lqm) k
5g \ nfOg d]6fOg . > k5fpgL gf) != s;}sf] sg} xflggf]S;fgL xb F f cfF; k5fp
g jf ;Gti6 ufpgsf lglDt lbOg] j:t k5f}gL . @= k5g \ ] jf d]6g \ ] ;fwg . #= k|
Zg u]afkt lbgkg]{ b:t pQzNs . k5fpg k|) ] lqm) k5g \ jf d]6g \ nufpg . k5f g
[kR5] != sg} :yfg, j:t jf sfsfgL cflbsf] ;aeGbf kl5Nnf] efu k5fl8sf] c+z clGtd e
fu . @= clGtd :yfg cflvL 7fpF . #= kxf8, j[If cflbsf] k]mbL . \ cfL] != sf ;f]wk5
ug]{ sfd ;f]Wg] sfd k5fL gf) [k5 k|Zg . @= sg} sfsf ;DaGwdf rf;f] fVg] sfd jf:t
]hg vf]hL k5gL . kl5g s) lqm) [k5 \ O g] != k5g \ ] sfd ulg . @= ;f]lwg . c) l
m) #= d]l6g ;kmf xg . k5j  f gf) [k5\ pjf] != sg} j:t k5L ;kmf ug]{ jf k5g
\ ] ;fwg ?dfn . lj) @= k5\g] k5] ;fkm ug]{ (JolSt jf ;fwg) . k5f}gL gf)x]) k5fp
gL . kh \ g ;) lqm) [;+) k"hg] != b]jb]jL, lkt[ cflbnfO{ hn, k"mn, cIftf, g}jB ]
cflb r9fpg >4felQmk"js { k"hf ug{ cr{gf ug{ . @= dfGo jf cfb0fLo hgsf] dfg ug{ ;T
sf ug{ cfb ug{ . > khfO gf) kHg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . khfOg s) lqm) kHg nfO
g k"hf ug{ nfOg . khfpg k|]) lqm) k"hf ug{ nfpg k"hf ufpg . khfL gf) != b]jtfs
] k"hfcfhf ug]{ JolSt . @= hflu jf b]j:jsf] cfDbfgL vfP hLjgofkgsf lglDt b]jtfsf]
k"hf ug]{ JolSt . klhg s) lqm) kHg] sfd ulg k"hf ulg . k~h gf) [;+)] j:txsf] ;
"x yk|f] f; . > kl~ht lj) f; nfu]sf] ylk|Psf] ;lDdlnt . k~hL gf) != k~h . @= k
. k~hLe"t lj) ylk|Psf] k~h ag]sf] . k6! gf) [;+)] != Pp6f sfnfO{ dxj jf kli6 lb
g] csf]{ leGg sf] . @= syg cflbsf] kli6 jf ;xff . k6@ gf) [;+)] != cfoj]{lbs k|
lqmofcg;f ;flb cf}ifwL e:d ug]{ df6fsf] srf}f jf xfF8Lh:tf] efF8f] . @= To:tf] efF
8fdf fvL cf}ifwL e:d ufpg] sfd . #= s6f}f jf bgfsf cfsfsf] efF8f] . $= bg . %= cF
hnL . ^= sf];f . &= bfk . *= vf]n . kfs gf) != cf}ifwLnfO{ hfdg, a cflbsf kftn]
a]L lunf] df6f]n] kf]t] 8Nnf] kfL 89fP e:d kfg]{ k|lqmof . @= df6fsf] ;fgf] kfnfleq
cf}ifwL fvL dflyaf6 kfn}n] 5f]kL bO6f kfnfsf] hf]gL{df df6f] kf]tL aGb u] kf]Ng]
lqmof . #= To:tf] k|lqmofaf6 tof kflPsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
785

k6k6ktkt k08k08 gf) [;+)] rGbg jf lje"ltsf] ltns l6sf] . k08Ls gf) [;+)] != ;
] sdn sdn . @= ltns . > k08LsfIf lj) != sdnsf] k"mnsf kqh:tf cfFvf xg] . gf) @= l
ji0f . k08 gf)x]) k08 . k0o gf) [;+)] != wfld{s ljZjf;cg;f c;n sfd jf kf]ksfaf6
|fKt xg] ze kmn . @= wfld{s b[li6af6 ze kmn lbg] sfd wd{sfo{ . #= o; nf]sdf klg
fd|f] ;lDemg] knf]sdf klg ze kmn lbg] sfd . lj) $= kljq z4 . %= ze c;n . ~ sd{ g
) k0o k|fKt xg] sfd wd{ xg] sfd . ~ sfn gf) != bfgk0oflb wfld{s sfo{ cGo kljq
sfo{ ug]{ ;do . @= k|ftMsfn . ~ sLlt{ gf) != kl5sfn] ;DemFbf jf ufpFbf k0o k|fKt
xg] sLlt{ . @= k0o lbg ;Sg] sLlt{ ePsf] >]i7 k?if (fd, s[i0f, a4 cflb) . lj)
#= k0o xg] sLlt{ ePsf] . ~ If]q gf) kljq dflgPsf] :yfg k0o k|fKt xg] :yfg wfld
{s b[li6n] pQd dflgPsf] :yfg tLy{:yn . ~ ltly gf) bfgk0oflb wfld{s sfo{ cGo kljq
sfo{ ug]{ lbg wfld{s b[li6n] ze sfo{ ug]{ lbg . ~ lbg gf) k0oltly . ~ kmn gf) k0
o ug]{n] kfpg] fd|f] kmn jf kl0ffd . ~ e"ld gf) k0oIf]q . ~ of]u gf) k"jh { Gddf ulP
sf] k0osf] kmn k"jh { Gdsf zesd{sf] k|efj . ~ nf]s gf) k0oaf6 k|fKt xg] nf]s :j
u{, j}s0  7 cflb nf]s . ~ lznf gf) k"hf ug{ nfossf] kljq 9\u|f] . zLn lj) k0o ug
]{ :jefjsf] . zLnf lj) k0o ug]{ :jefjsL . Znf]s lj) != k0o sLlt{ ePsf] kljq rlq j
cfr0f ePsf] (JolSt) . gf) @= olwli7, gn jf lji0f . ;lnnf lj) != kljq hn ePsL hndf
:gfg ubf{ k0o k|fKt xg] (gbL) . gf) @= u\uf . ~ :yfg gf) b]j:yn tLy{:yn . > k0o
fTdf lj) kljq jf z4 dg ePsf] rf]vf] dg ePsf] wd{df dg lbg] wdf{Tdf . k0ofy{ lj) [;+
)] != k0o lrtfP ulPsf] . gf) @= k0osf x]tn] ulPsf] sfo{ wdf{y{ . ~ lglw gf) k0osf
o{sf nflu 5fOPsf] jf hDdf ulPsf] ;DklQ kljq jf wfld{s sfo{sf lglDt ;l~rt wgflz . k0
of]bo gf) [;+)] k0osf] sf0fn] ubf{ hLjgdf xg] fd|f] l:yltsf] pbo . ktkt lqm) lj)
[c) d") kt\ c (l))] != sg} j:tdf cfuf] nfUbf cfDedf ;fgf] w"jfFsf] d:nf] lg:s]e
m}F lg:sg] lsl;dn] sg} j:t fd|L aNg g;sL clncln w"jfF cfpg] uL an]em}F eP . gf) @=
To;L w"jfF 56\g] cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > ktktfO gf) ktktfpg] lsl;d, lqmof
jf efj . ktktfOg c)lqm) ktkt w"jfF 5f]8\g] jf w"jfF 5f]8] aNg] tNofOg . k
tktfpg c) lqm) ktkt w"jfF 5f8]

cf}ifwL . \ c (l))] != k efFlrxg] k6k6 lqm) lj) [c) d") k6 uL . @= k df]6fOxg]
> k6k6tL lqm) lj) k6k6 k6k 6   . k6k6fO gf) k efFlrxg] jf kmlnxg] lqmofk|
qmof . k6k6fpbf] lj) k' efFlrOxg] jf k'mlnxg] . k'l6sf gf) [;+)] != cf}ifwL cflbsf]
k'lof . @= ;fgf] kf]sf] . #= k'6'Ss k]sf] s'g} ufF7f] . $= hGdf]T;jdf afFlwg] To:t
f] u|lGy . k'l6t lj) [;+)] != b'j} tkm{af6 aGb ulPsf] . @= k'6kfs ulPsf] . #= cl3 k
l5 s'g} dGq k9] cflbb]lv cGt;Dd kf7 ulPsf] (r08L cflb) . k'l6g gf) [c
\) k'l6
] vfkfdf
P]gf c8fpg jf Kjfnx 6fNgfsf lglDt l;sdL{xn] k|of]u ug]{ n]bf] d;nf k'lN6g . k'6L gf)
[;+)] != ;fgf] b'g' . @= k'l8of . k'6 ' gf) [;+) k6] k':ts afFWg] af;fsf] lkmQf j
f t'g' . k'6'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") k'6s ' \ s] != ;fgf]ltgf] j:t' Ps} rf]l6 efFlrg]
uL . @= f]6L, ufnf cflb k'mNg] jf pS;g] uL k' e'Ss, k'mSs . #= ;fgf] fd|f] x'g] l
] . k'6k '6 ' ' lqm) lj) [c) d") k'6 \ p (l))] != dL7f] af]nLdf s]6fs]6Ln] gwsfO{s
g af]n] . @= k'6k'6tL . k' lqm)lj)x]) k'6S 's. k'f] gf)x]) k'f . k'f gf) != rfsb]lv
tsf] b'O{ v08df ljeflht df+;n efu lkmnf] k'f] . @= lt3|fsf] df+;n efu . #= lgtDa . k
'67 \ ] lj) [k'fP] != k'fjfn . @= k'i6 df]6f] . ~ xf8 gf) k'fsf] xf8 6'OFs] xf8 . k
[;+) k'6] != ufx|f; ] f
\uf | ] kbf{ cf8e lbg] sfd cf8 ef];f k"7 . @= s'g} sfddf k|j[
x'g jf ug{ lbOg] k|]0ff . k'l7of gf) Ps k|sfsf] df5f] kf]yL df5f] sTn] df5f] kf]l7of
. k'7f] gf) [;+) k'i6] k'm;|f]
sf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] u'lnof] pv' . k'l8of gf) [;+)
k'l6sf] leqkl cf}ifwL jf c s'g} j:t' fvL aflxaf6 a]lx|Psf] sfutsf] ;fgf] kf]sf] k'lo
. k'8s \ f lj) [;+) k'6s] k'8\sf] . ~ k'8s \ L gf) != xf]rf] sb ePsf dflg;xsf] ;d"
x k'8\sfxsf] ;d"x . @= k'8\sf k'8\sL . > k'8\lsg' c) lqm) != k'8\sf] x'g' . @= k'8\
sf] xf]Og' . k'8\s] lj) w]} ga9]sf] xf]rf] sbsf] afpGg] . k'8s \ f] lj) [;+) k'6s] !=
pd]cg';f ga9]sf] xf]rf] sbsf] prfO gePsf] afpGg] afdk'8s \ ] . @= 8Nn] urf]{ . > k'
\ ofO gf) k'8s \ f] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf k'8s \ f]kg . k'0f] lj) [;+) k'08P] x]) k'F8
. ~ pv' gf) k'm;|f]
sf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] df]6f], u'lnof] pv' k'0f] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

k'tnfk'Tnf] aNg' . k'tk'tfx6 gf) k'tk'tfO . k'tk'ltg' c) lqm) k'tk'tfpg' . k'tk'tL l

qm) lj) cem} k'tk't x'g] uL . k'tk't ] lj) k'tk't w"jfF cfpg] k'tk't w"jfF 5f]8 ] aN
g] . k'tk'TofOk'tk'Tofx6 gf) k'tk'ltg] efj l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof . k'tnf gf) [;+) k
'tn] != 3fF;, kfn, s'z cflbaf6 ag]sf] dg'iosf] cfs[lt . @= k~rsdf dg]{sf ;fydf jf
ljb]zdf dg]{ JolStsf k|tLssf kdf bfx ulg] s'z cflbaf6 ag]sf] dg'iofs[lt . #= ljf]w
sf lglDt sk8f cflbaf6 tof ulPsf] s;}sf] Jo
\Uolrq sf6{g . $= cfTdf . %= hLjtj k|f0ft
nf] . ktnL gf) [;+) kQnL] != cg]s lsl;dsf sf xg], zLsf] d"n efu eGbf kv]6f 7"nf x
g], p8\g] k"mnxdf a:b} ;kfg ub}{ ug]{ sLfxsf] hflt . @= wfgdf nfUg] ;]tf] hftsf] sLf
. #= sf7, wft, sk8f cflbaf6 agfOPsf], dgio cflbsf cfsfsf] v]nf}gf . $= cfFvfsf
aLrdf xg] sfnf] efu gfgL . %= 8fF7;lxt wfgsf afnfsf] ljleGg cfsfdf agfOPsf] emK
kf] . ^= ktnL k"mn . s6 gf) ktnLsf] cfsfem}F kf] sfl6Psf] hF3f . ~ ofn gf) rnLu
f flvg] ofn a]ofn cfFvLofn . ~ kmn gf) != p8\g] ktnLsf kv]6fh:t} l5la] \usf
. @= ljleGg sf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] k"mn av]k { m" n . ~ laxflax] gf) != pd] gkus
f s]6fs]6Lsf] ktnLsf] lax] u]em}F ulg] lax] . @= ktnLsf] lax] u] v]Ng] afNoqmL8f
. ~ af gf) ktnLh:t} b]lvg] kf] agfOPsf] af . ktjf gf) x]) ktjf . ktf gf) [;
5f]f] ktf] kq (pbf) a9];sfnsf] ktf otf g ptf pvfg) . ktfL gf) [ktf L] :jf:gL
gf) :qLsf] hgg]lGb|o k"tL eu of]lg . kt  kt  f] gf) [ktL ppf]] :qLsf] hgg]lGb|
g . ktj  f gf) [kf]tbf] != g]jfxdf 8OofF;xsf] Ps hfltnfO{ k[YjLgffo0f zfxff gj
4df lbOPsf] pkflw . @= g]jfhfltsf] Ps ju{ 8OofF;xsf] Ps hflt . ktf]! gf) [;+) kq]
kq 5f]f] k"t . ktf]@ gf) [;+) kqs] f]Kgsf] nflu tof kflPsf] wfgsf] la?jf aLp uf
tf}f] gf) [ktL cf}f]] :qLsf] hgg]lGb|osf nflu k|of]u ulg] zAb . kTsf]! gf) [;+) kqls
;fgf] hftsf] Ps lsl;dsf] dfxL s7f}L lemFuf}L . kTsf]@ gf) [c) d") kt sf]] w"jfF c
] ;fgf] d:nf] .
786

kQ lqm) lj) [c) d") kt\ t] Ps} aflh ktkt xg] uL To;L w"jfFsf] d:nf] p7] . kQlns
gf) [;+)] != ktnL . @= dgio cflbsf cfsfdf agfOPsf] s]6fs]6Lsf] v]nf}gf v]Ng] kt
nL . kQfO gf) [ kQfp - cfO)] kQ w"jfFsf] d:nf] p7\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof [ > ] kQf
Og c) lqm) kQ d:nf] p7\g] xf]Og . kQfpg c) lqm) [kQ cfp g] kQ d:nf] p7\g] xg
 . > kQfx6 gf) kQfO . klQsf gf) [;+)] != lasf kv]6f xg] wfgdf nfUg] Ps hftsf] s
. @= wfgdf nfUg] ;]tf] sLf] . #= Ps hftsf] dfxL . kTg] 5f]f] gf) ldtldt]gLsf] 5f]f]
. kTg] 5f]L gf) ldtldt]gLsL 5f]L . kTofxf gf) [ktf] ofxf] ;Gtfg rflxg]xn] efsncg;
tfg k}bf ePkl5 lbg] k"hf aln . ~ efsn gf) ;Gtfgsf] sfdgf fv] ulg] efsn . ~ efu gf) k
ofxf efsn ug]{n] kTofxfsf] nflu 5fPsf] efu . kq gf) [;+)] 5f]f] . s gf) != 5f]f]
@= ;fgf] 5f]f] . #= wd{kq . jw" gf) cfgf 5f]/fsL kTgL axfL . jtL lj) 5f]f] ePs
5f]f]jfnL (:qL) . jfg\ lj) 5f]f] ePsf] 5f]f]jfnf (k[?if) . > kqfyL{ lj) kqk|flKt
OR5f ug]{ 5f]f] kfpg] rfxgf ePsf] 5f]f] kfpg OR5s kqR ] 5s (k?if) . klqsf lj) [
+)] != 5f]L . @= ;fgL 5f]L . #= 5f]Lsf kdf kflnPsL aflnsf wd{kqL . kq gf) 5f]Llt
lt . klq0fL lj) [;+)] 5f]f] ePsL kqjtL . kqL gf) [;+)] != 5f]/L . @= buf{ . kq]
li6 gf) [;+)] kqk|flKtsf nflu zf:qn] atfPsf] ljlwcg;f ulg] o1ofuflb . kTnf gf) [k
tnL cf] != hQfsf] ss{Rrfdf kg]{ l;nfOsf] hf]gL{nfO{ 5f]lkfVg] 5fnfsf] 6qmf ktn
L . @= kTnf] . kTn] lj) [kTnf] P] lgwfdf kTnf] ePsf] tf] rfFb] . ~ kf\u ]| lj) 6
u|] . kTnf]! gf) [;+) kQn] != sg} dflg;dfly df0f, df]xg, pRrf6g cflb tflGqs ljl
wsf] k|of]u ug{ wfdL, emfFqmL jf af]S;L cflbn] k|of]ufy{ lnPsf] s;}sf] hLpsf] n
uf, f}F cflb . @= nufkmf6fsf] 6qmf] lrNyf] . #= kTnf . kTnf]@ gf) [;+) kQn] !=
;]tf], Hofb} gd KjfFv xg], esfLdf fv]sf] wfgdf nfUg], p8\g] ;fgf] hftsf] sLf] . @=
3f]O] ktnL 3f]Tn] ktnL (tn) c\) df]y) . kTnf]# gf) [;+) kq n] s]fsf] af]6sf] 6;f
jf uef] . kTnf]$ gf) [;+) kQn] != cfTdf . @= k|f0f k|f0ftj . #=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
787

klbgfkgu{7g k]mlk]ml cfpg] . kgfjnf]sg gf) kgjnf]sg . kgfj[Q lj) k]ml cfj[lQ
M bf]xf]ofOPsf] . kgfj[lQ gf) != PskN6 eO;s]sf] sf k]ml bf]xf]lg] jf ul;s]sf] sf
k]ml bf]xf]ofpg] sfd . @= gofF cfj[lQ . kgfj]bs gf) [;+)] kgfj]bg lbg] JolSt . kgf
]bg gf) [;+)] tNnf] cbfntaf6 lg0f{o eO{ xfhLt eO;s]kl5 xfg]{ kIfn] cfgf] lrQ gaem]
sf sfsf] lhls;lxt dflyNnf] c8\8fdf ljrffy{ k]; ulg] k|fy{gfkq tNnf] cbfntaf6 xfg]{n]
kgM ljrf ulof];\ egL dflyNnf] c8\8fdf lbg] lgj]bg . ~ kq gf) kgfj]bg . kgLIf0f gf
[;+)] != sg} sf 56]sf], e"n ePsf] jf ;+zf]wg ug{kg]{ b[li6n] c8\8fcbfntsf sf
utkq, k:ts, n]v, rgf jf cfoJoosf] a]xf]f cflb ;?b]lv g} x]g]{ jf k9\g] sfd sfutkq
, k:ts, n]v, rgf jf cfoJoosf] a]xf]f cflb ;+zf]wg ug]{ sfd . @= db\bfdf ulPsf] lg
0f{o jf k}m;nf 7Ls ePgePsf] ag bf]xf]ofP x]g]{ sfd . kgLlIft lj) [;+)] kgLIf0f ul
] ;+zf]lwt . ~ kf7 gf) kgLIf0f ulPsf] kf7 ;+zf]lwt kf7 . kg?St lj) [;+)] != PskN6 e
g;lsPsf] sf k]ml elgPsf] bf]xf]ofOPsf] . @= kgfj[Q . ~ jbfef; gf) != jf:tjdf gelgPs
] jf gbf]xf]lPsf sfsf] elgPsf] jf bf]xf]lPsf] h:tf] k|tLlt . @= ;flxTodf gelgPsf]
jf gbf]xf]lPsf] sf elgPsf] jf bf]xf]lPsf] h:tf] k|tLt ePsf] b]vfpFbf kg]{ cn\sf . >
kg?lSt gf) PskN6 elg;lsPsf] sfsf] kgM syg sg} sfnfO{ bf]xf]ofP eGg] sfd . kg?Ty
g gf) [;+)] != PskN6 tn v;] k]ml dfly p7\g] sfd . @= PskN6 lgDg txdf em] k]ml dflyNnf
txdf kUg] sfd . #= PskN6 cjglt eO;s]sfsf] k]ml pGglt xg] sfd . kg?TklQ gf) [;+
)] k]ml pTklQ xg] sfd kgh{Gd . kg?TkGg lj) [;+)] k]ml pTkGg ePsf] jf kgM hlGdPsf
] . kg?Tkfbg gf) [;+)] PskN6 pTkfbg eP f]lsPsf] j:tsf] k]ml pTkfbgcfDe . kg?4f g
+)] != PskN6 agfO{ jf p4f ul;lsPsf] j:t lau|Fbf k]ml p4f ug]{ sfd hL0ff]{4f . @= Psk
6 p4f u]sf] j:t jf JolStnfO{ ulPsf] gofF p4f . kgu{7g gf) != eOx]sf] k|zf;lgs Joj:y
df l56f]5ltf]kg Nofpg sd{rfLxsf] ;?jf, a9jf jf vf];jf uL gofF tlsfn] Joj:yf ug]{ sf
sd{rfLxsf] gofF aGbf]a:t khgL . @= eOx]sf] dlGqd08n cflbnfO{ lj3l6t uL cfjZos kljt{gs
;fy k]ml u7g ug]{ sfd . #= Ps k6s lj3l6t eO;s]sf] ;\3, ;+:yf, klifb\ cflbsf] k]ml u
7g ug]{ sfd .

hLjtj ;j . klbgf gf) [kmf) kf]bLgf >kbLgf] afaL emfsf] h:tf] kft xg,] jg:kltlj1fgs
b[li6n] afaLs} hftsf], ;fwf0f, xlof, af:gf cfpg] kft xg,] ;fgf;fgf k"mn kmNg] Pj
d\ crf cflb vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] emf afaLemf . ~ emf gf) != klbgf . @= l;nfdsf h:tf kf
] Ps yL emf . kgM lqm) lj) [;+)] csf]{ k6s k]ml . ~ kLIf0f gf) != sg} kLIfsn] Psk
Flr;s]sf] pQkl:tsfnfO{ 7Ls;Fu hfFlrPsf] 55}g egL kgM csf]{ kLIfsn] hfFRg] sfd ;DkLI
f0f . @= cfk"mn] lbPsf] hfFrsf] k|fKtf\s ;Gtf]ifk|b gnfuL lgodfg;f lgj]bg lbPdf ;
DalGwt pQkl:tsfnfO{ k]ml hFrfpg] sfd . #= PskN6 kLIf0f eO;s]sf] sfsf] k]ml kLIf0f u
g] sfd . ~ kLIff gf) sg} kLIffdf ;lDdlnt sg} ljBfyL{ To; kLIffdf c;kmn ePdf To;} kL
IffnfO{ lgodfg;f k]ml lbg kfpg] Joj:yf . ~ k|jz ] gf) sg} lzIf0f;+:yfdf kl9x]sf] 5
fqsf] gfd sf0fjz PskN6 sfl6of] eg] k]ml gfd n]Vg] sfd . ~ k|jz ] zNs gf) != lzIf0f;
+:yf jf cGo ;\3;+:yfsf] ;b:o ePsf JolQmsf] ;b:otfsf] cjlw lgodfg;f ;dfKt ePkl5 k]m
l ;b:o aGgsf nflu nfUg] zNs . @= lzIf0f;+:yfdf kl9x]sf] 5fqsf] gfd sf0fjz sfl6Pkl5
k]ml gfd n]vfpgsf nflu nfUg] zNs . kg\ lqm) lj) [;+)] k]ml kgM (s]xL ;3f]if Wjlgsf
;fy ;lGw xb F fsf] kgM sf] k h:t} kglj{rf, kglg{df{0f O)) . > kglwlgod gf) kg
wfog . kglk lqm) lj) k]ml klg k]ml . kgjnf]sg gf) PskN6 ;jf]{Rr cbfntaf6 lg0f{o eO
Ltxf eO;s]sf] d2fdfldnfdf xfg]n { ] lrQ gaemL d2f k]ml bf]xf]ofpgsf nflu k|wfg G
ofofwLz;dIf lgj]bg lbPdf ;f] lgj]bgsf cfwfdf pSt d2f k]ml x]lg] jf bf]xf]lg] sfggL
k|lqmof l6pk ulg] sfaf{xL kg/ fjnf]sg . kg:qLs0f gf) != ;]gfnfO{ gofFgofF cfwlg
f:qn] ;;lHht ug]{ sfd . @= z:qf:qfljxLg kflPsf] sg} b]zsf] ;]gfnfO{ k]ml z:qf:qn
] oSt kfg]{ sfd . #= z:qf:qsf] e08fnfO{ k]ml a9fpg] sfd . kgfudg gf) != PskN6 uO;s
]sf] JolSt jf j:t k]ml cfpg] sfd kms]{ k]ml cfpg] sfd . @= k]ml hGd lng] sfd kgh{Gd
. kgff]k0f gf) != sfl6P jf efFlrP 5lPsf jf sg} sf0fn] sfd gnfUg] ePsf c\unfO{ km
sf{sf] c\u hf]8] klxn]sf] h:t} kfg]{ lqmof . @= PskN6 kmfFl8P vOlnPsf] 7fpFdf k]ml
af]6la?jf nufpg] sfo{ . kgfnf]sg gf) kgfjnf]sg . kgfjt{s lj) != PskN6 uO;s]sf] sf
fO{ k]ml kmsf{pg] . @= k]mlk]ml kms{g] . kgfjt{g gf) kgfudg . kgfjtL{ lj) PskN6
l kms{g]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kgu{l7tkgjf{; kgu{l7t lj) kgu{7g ePsf] . kgh{Gd gf) [;+)] != Ps k6s hGd] dl;s]sf
] k|f0fLn] k]ml hGd lng] sfd . @= PskN6 gfz eP kgM ePsf] pTklQ kg?TklQ . jfb gf) k
|f0fLsf] d[Tokl5 kgh{Gd xG5 eGg] sfdf ljZjf; ug]{ dt jf l;4fGt hGdfGtdf klg ljZ
jf; ug]{ l;4fGt hGdfGtjfb . jfbL lj) kgh{Gdjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ kgh{GdjfbnfO{ dfGg] .
kgh{n gf) [;+)] hn cflbsf] sdL k"f ug{sf nflu StjflxgL gnLaf6 ;O{dfk{mt zLdf k;fOg
] hn ;]nfOg . > kgh{nLotf gf) zLaf6 lglSnPsf tn kbfy{sf] ;Gtng fVg zLdf tn kbfy{
fd ;]nfOg lbg] lqmof . kghf{u0f gf) [;+)] != ;flxTo, ;+:s[lt, snfsf}zn cflbsf] kg
?Tyfg . @= To:tf sfsf] kg?Tyfgsf] ;do . kghf{u[t lj) [;+)] k]ml hfu]sf] . > kgh
f{u[lt gf) kghf{u0f . kghL{jg gf) [;+)] != d[tk|foM k|f0fLnfO{ sg} pkfon] k]ml hL
jg lbg] sfd . @= ;fdflhs, cfly{s cflb b[li6n] aafb eO;s]sf JolStnfO{ k]ml ;kfg]{ s
fd . > kghL{ljt lj) k]ml lhpFbf] ePsf] d] afFr]sf] kghL{jgk|fKt . kgg{j lj) [;+)]
ml gofF ePsf] kgg{jLg . > kgg{jf gf) != nfDrf kft xg], ;fgf;fgf 8fF7sf] cg;f tLg
sl;dsf] (ftf] 8fF7 eP ftf], ;]tf] 8fF7 eP ;]tf] gLnf] 8fF7 eP gLnf]) k"mn kmNg] t
/sfLsf kdf ;d]t vfOg] Ps emf lk;fa, lb;f, bd, skm, k]6 cflb f]udf kmnfdsf] sdL;DaGwL
]udf kx]Fnf] Hj, afy, g]qljsf cflb f]udf ;d]t lxts dflgPsf] h/f xg] jg:kltljz]if .
@= k]mlk]ml hGdg] j:t g . kgg{jLs0f gf) != PskN6 lalu|Psf], elTsPsf] jf sg} sf0fn
}nf] ePsf] j:t jf sg} dfn;fdfgnfO{ k]ml gofF agfpg] sfd . @= Dofb l;l4g nfu]sf]
jf l;l4;s]sf] ;lGw, ;Demf}tf cflbnfO{ k]ml klxn]sf] h:t} k jf gofF k lbg] sfd . #=
;+ljwfgsf sg} wff jf P]glgodsf sg} bkmfdf tf]s]sf] Dofb ;lsP lgliqmo ePkl5 k]ml
3f]if0ffff ;lqmo kfg]{ sfd . $= kll:yltjz wldlnPsf] jf f]lsPsf] sfdsf]nfO{ gofF k l
jf k]ml ;[? ug]{ sfd . %= aGbs, ]l8of] cflbsf] nfO;]G;nfO{ lgodfg;f Dofb ykL k]
ml gofF k lbg] sfd . kgg{jLg lj) k]ml gofF ePsf] kgg{j . kglg{oS  t lj) [;+)] k]m
egf{ ePsf] k]ml lgoSt ePsf] . > kglg{ol  St gf) != sg} ;\3, ;+:yfdf jf kb jf sfd
df lgolSt kfPsf] JolStsf] lgolStsf] ldlt ;lsPkl5 p;}nfO{ k]ml lgoSt ug]{ sfd .
@= sg} kb jf sfddf klxn] s;}sf] lgolSt ePsf]df To;} kb jf sfddf k]ml p;}nfO{ j
f c s;}nfO{ lgoSt ug]{ sfd .
788

kglg{df{0f gf) [;+)] lau|s ] f], eTs]sf] sg} j:tnfO{ k]ml agfpg] sfd PskN6 lgld{
t sg} j:tsf] k]ml lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd k]ml ulPsf] lgdf{0f . > kglg{ld{t lj) kgM lgdf
{0f ulPsf] lau|]kl5 dd{t ulPsf] . kglg{jf{rg gf) [;+)] PskN6 lgjf{rg eO;s]sf] 7fpFd
f sf0fjz km]l/ lgjf{rg ug]{ sfd . kglg{jf{lrt lj) [;+)] k]ml lgjf{rgdf ljhoL ePsf]
k]ml rlgPsf] jf 5flgPsf] . kgeS { tfg gf) != Ps k6s eStfg eO;s]sf] sfdf k]ml e
Stfg lbg] jf ug]{ sfd . lj) @= kge{Stfg ulPsf] . > kgeS { tfgL gf) kgeS { tf
g . { u F kge" { gf) [;+)] klxn]sf] nf]Ug] dL jf dg gkL csf]; k]ml ljjfx ug]{ :qL kf
]On] NofOt] . klt gf) != kf]On] :qLsf] klt . @= ljwjfsf] klt . kgld{ng gf) [;+)] P
skN6 la5f]8 eO;s]sfsf] k]mlk]ml e]6 xg] lqmof jf sfd . ~ ;dff]x gf) != ljBfno, dxfl
jBfno cflbsf] gofF ;q ;? ePkl5 gofFkfgf 5fq5fqfx e]nf eO{ Psn] csf]; { u F klro u
g]{ hnkfg cflb cfgGbf]T;j dgfpg] sfo{qmd . @= gf6s cflbdf efu lng] snfsfx Pslqt eP
Pscsf{;Fu e]6\g] cfgGbf]T;j dgfpg] sfo{qmd k|Lltldngsf] sfo{qmd . kgd{b|0f gf) [;
+)] != k]ml dlb|t ug]{ sfo{ gofF 5kfO . @= k]ml 6fOk ug]{ sfo{ . kgdl { b|t lj) [
;+)] != PskN6 5flkPsf] k:ts, kqklqsf cflbsf] vkt eO;s]kl5 k]ml 5flkPsf] . @= k]m
l bf]xf]lP 6fOk ulPsf] . kgd"N { og gf) [;+)] sg} j:t jf db|f cflbsf] d"Nodf cGoq
k]mabn xFbf klg gofF d"Nod} lnOPsf] c8fg . kgof]u { gf) [;+)] != kLIffdf kfPsf]
c\sdf lrQ gaemL lgodfg;f lgj]bg lbPdf kgM hf]8\g] sfd . @= bf]xf]ofP ulg] hf]8 .
kgf]k { 0f gf) [;+)] != Ps k6s f]lkPsf] 7fpFdf k]ml f]Kg] sfd . @= Ps k6s la?jf cflb
pv]n] To; 7fpFdf k]ml klg la?jf cflb f]Kg] sfd . kgn]v { g gf) [;+)] sg} k:ts, k
qklqsfsf ;fdu|L cflbnfO{ d"n ;fdu|Lsf cfwfdf k|sffGt/af6 n]Vg] sfd . ~ ;ldlt gf) Ps
k6s n]lvPsf To:tf ;fdu|LnfO{ bf]xf]ofO{ n]v] tof kfg{ ag]sf] ;ldlt . kgj{;  gf) [
;+)] clZjgL cflb ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps ;ftf}F gIfq . kgjf{; gf) [;+)] st}af6 nv]l6P jf
b]zlgsfnf eP 3afljxLg ePsfxnfO{ 3hUuf lbO{ k]ml a;fpg] sfd 3afljxLg ePsfxsf] a;f
k|aGw ldnfpg] sfd .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
789 ~ sfo{qmd gf) kgjf{;sf lglDt ;sfL ;|ft ] af6 cFuflnPsf] sfo{ q md . ~ of] h gf
gf) k g jf{ ; jf a;f] a f;f] s f]

kglj{rfkf kdf]L gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfn clwfHosf] ;f]nvDa lhNnfdf kg]{ Pp6f lxdfnL
j{t>]0fL kdf]L lxdfn . k \ g ;) lqm) [;+) k \ g] != vfN6f] jf ulxf] 7fpFnfO{ s
kfon] eg{ . @= vf8n jf ulxf] 7fpFnfO{ df6f] cflb xfnL psf:g . #= sg} j:t vfN6
f]df xfnL df6f] cflbn] 5f]Kg . $= wgdfn cflb k|z:t lbg kf]:g . %= hg}sf] wfuf]
;\ng . k gf) [;+)] gu ;x ahf . tf]0ff gf) gudf k|j]z ug]{ d"n 9f]sf ;x
k|j]zf uf]k . kgL! gf) [;+) ;k0fL{] nfDrf kft, sfnf uf]nf kmn ftf 8fF7 xg], c
{bdf ?lrsfs kYo u0f atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] c\u  jf bfvhfltsf] nxf] ;k0fL{ knfzL k?
kgL@ gf) [k\ gL] != nufdf wfuf]n] elg] af . @= 3sf] leQfdf sd]f], ftf] df6f], v
flbn] n]v] agfOg] Ps k|sfsf] af lelQlrq . kGb gf) [;+)] OGb| zrLklt . kkf gf)
df6f], 9u \ f cflbn] vfN6fvN6L eg]{ sfd vfN6fvN6L kg{] sfd . @= sg} j:tnfO{
hldgleq uf8] 5f]k5fk kfg]{ sfd uf8\g] sfd uf8u8 5f]k5fk . kjf;L lj) [;+)] ;xsf lg
L ;xlof ;blof . kZr0fkZrof{ gf) [;+)] != sg} l;l4 jf ;kmntfk|flKtsf nflu dGqsf]
j{s hk, kf7 cflb ug]{ sfd sfDo kmnk|flKtsf nflu zf:qf]St ljlwk"j{s ulg] dGqsf] hk,
kf7 cflb . @= sg} dGql;l4sf lglDt ulg] cgi7fg . k:sf gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd ug]{
JolStnfO{ ;f] sfd u]afkt k|z; + f:jk lbOg] Ogfd sg} sl7g jf k|z; + gLo sfd ug]{ Jo
lQmnfO{ k|fT ] ;fxgsf lglDt lbOg] kfltf]lifs . @= fd|f] sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ ulg] cfb
jf ;Ddfg . #= fd|f] sfd ug]{ JolStnfO{ ;Ddflgt ug{ jf p;sf] ;fdflhs k|lti7f a9fpg
lbOg] j:t . k:s[t lj) [;+)] sg} c;n, gofF, sl7g jf k|z; + gLo sfd u]afkt k:sf lb
OPsf] cfb jf ;Ddfg ulPsf] k:sf kfPsf] Ogfd kfPsf] . k:y lj) [;+) kM:y] ;fdGg]
Ntsf] . > k:yfkgk:yfkgf gf) ;ef, a}7s cflbdf sg} k|:tfj jf sfo{qmd cflbnfO{ j}wflg
s kn] fVg] sfd ;ef, a}7s cflbdf k|:tfj cflb k|:tt ug]{ sfd . k:yflkt lj) k:yfkgf u
sf] . kf! gf) [k|f) k8] klxn] s;}n] vfO;s]kl5 vfPs} efF8fdf afFsL x]sf] vfgf vfP pl
a|Psf] vfg]sf s;}sf] h7f] eO;s]sf] vfgf cjlzi6 ef]hg plR5i6 ef]hg . kf@ lj) [;+) k
0f{] != rflxg]hlt ;a} sfn] k"0f{ ePsf] sg} sfsf] sdL gePsf] k"0f{ . @= cfgf ;a} c\
n] oSt

;d:of;dfwfgsf nflu gofF a:tL a;fpg ;sfL kdf tof kflPsf] of]hgf . kglj{rf gf) [;+)]
PskN6sf] ljrfdf lrQ gaemL ulPsf] csf]{ ljrf . @= Ps k6ssf] ljrf 7Ls eP gePsf] hfGg u
lPsf] csf]{ ljrf . #= k]ml b]vfOPsf] s?0ff, bof jf ;xfge"lt . ~ Gofoflws0f gf) ljz]i
f k|s[ltsf d2fdfldnfsf ;DaGwdf k]ml ljrf ug{ v8f ePsf] ljz]if cbfnt . ~ Gofofno gf
) tNnf] txsf] cbfntdf lg0f{o eO;s]sf] d2fdfldnfsf ;DaGwdf k]ml ljrf ug]{ dflyNnf]
txsf] cbfnt kgfj]bg ;Gg] cbfnt . kglj{wfog gf) [;+)] eOx]sf] sg} ljwfg, P]g, sf
gg, lgod, clwlgod cflbsf] kgM th{df ug]{ sfd kglwlgod . kglj{nf]sg gf) [;+)] !
= tNnf] txsf] cbfntn] tf]s]sf] b08, hljfgf jf lbPsf] sg} cfb]zsf ;DaGwdf dflyNnf
] txsf] cbfntn] k]ml ljrf ug]{ sfd . @= Ps txn] l5g] tf]s nufO;s]sf] dfldnf csf]{ t
xn] k]ml bf]xf]ofpg] jf pN6fpg] sfd . #= lalt;s]sf] 36gfsf ;DaGwdf k]ml ljrf ug]{ sf
d . kglj{jfx gf) [;+)] Ps k6s ljjfx eO;s]sf :qL jf k?ifsf] km]l/ ljjfx ug]{ sfd
Ps k6s ljjfx eO;s]sf :qL jf k?ifsf] csf]{kN6 ul/g] ljjfx . >kglj{jflxt lj) km]l
/ ljjfx ePsf] . kglj{jflxtf lj) km]l/ ljjfx ePsL . kgJof{Vof gf) [;+)] Ps k6s Ps
lsl;dsf] JofVof eO;s]sf sfsf] k]ml JofVof p:t} jf leGg kdf bf]xf]ofpg] sfd . > kgJ
of{Vofg gf) k]ml pxL ljifodf lbOPsf] JofVofg jf k|jrg . kgZr lqm) lj) [;+)] k]ml kl
g . kgZrj{0f gf) [;+)] Ps k6s lgln;s]sf] sfnfO{ ps]n] k]ml rkfpg] sfd pu|fpg] sfd k
u pu|fO . kg; gf) [;+) kgM] != k"jh { Gd wd{ tyf kf0fcg;f cl3Nnf] h g L . @= k"
j { h Gdsf sd{ s f] kmn k| f Aw efUo . (kg;df 5}g eg] s]xL kfOFbg } eGg] sltsf] wf0
ff 5 tfklg j}1flgs b[li6n] o;nfO{ ;To dflgPsf] 5}g) . kgLt lj) [;+)] kljq rf]vf] z
4 . kG6] lj) [kG6f] P] ;fgf] sbsf] b]Vbf fd|f] dfofnfUbf] ;fg;fg hLp8fnsf] k6S
s k]sf] . kG6f] lj) [;+) k"n6] k8\sf] eG6f] . kGtf] gf) [;+) k"ns f]] kGtf] . k
gf) [;+)] != ;;fgf af6nf kft, uR5fsf kmn ;uGwoSt k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] rfFk . @
= ;]tf] sdn . #= hfOkmn .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kfk?jf ePsf] sg} c\u jf c+zsf] sdL gePsf] . #= vgvf]6 s]xL gnfu]sf] sdL jf ql6 g
Psf] ;Unf] l;\uf] . $= ePhlt ;a} ;ff ;Dk"0f{ . %= vf]h] jf rfx]cg;fsf] kUbf] oy]
sg} sfdsf kmQ] ePsf] ;kmn l;4 . kf# lqm) lj) [;+)] != klxn] k|frLg ;dodf . lj) @
tLtsf] k|frLg kfgf] . gf) #= k"j{ lbzf . syf gf) != sg} ;d"x, hflt jf fi6ljz]ifsf
kfut nf]ssyf . @= dgf]lj1fgsf cfwfdf dfgj;dfhdf ;fd"lxs kn] kDkfb]lv g} cjr]tgdf lxc
f] sg} u|lGy ldys . sNk gf) w]} klxn]sf] ou kfgf] ou k|frLg ou . hLjs gf) e
qcg;f hLjgsf] cl:tTj ePsf ;dosf] ljefhg ubf{ ;aeGbf klxnf] v08 . kf0f gf) [;+)] !
= ;[li6, l:ylt, no cflbsf ;fy} k|frLg Clif, dGjGt, fhj+z cflbsf j[QfGt b]jL, b]jtf
, tLy{ cflbsf dfxfTDosf] ;d]t j0f{g ulPsf k|l;4 c7f lxGb" wd{u|GydWo] sg} Ps . @=
lxGb" ;dfhdf kDkfb]lv rlncfPsf dgio, b]jtf, bfgj cflbsf syf . #= ;[li6 ;[li6b]lv
ePsf 36gfsf] ;lj:tf j0f{g . $= lnR5ljsfnLg g]kfndf k|rlnt rfFbLsf] 6s sfiff{k0f .
lj) %= w]} ;dob]lv rlncfPsf] kfgf] k|frLg . ^= yf]qf] hL0f{ . kftj gf) [;+)] !=
g ;dodf lgdf{0f ePsf jf pkof]u ulPsf P]ltxfl;s tyf dxjk"0f{ j:tsf] cWoog ug]{ ljB
f kfgf snf jf ;+:s[ltsf] cg;Gwfg tyf cWoog;Fu ;DaGw fVg] ljBf . @= k|frLg :dfs ;+If
0f P]g, @)!# n] tf]sc ] g;f ;o jif{eGbf klxn]sf j:tsf] cWoog ug]{ ljBf jf zf:q
. 1 gf) kftj;DaGwL sfsf] 1fg ePsf] JolQm kftj;DaGwL ljz]if1 kftjljb\ JolSt
ftj;DaGwL sfsf] 1fg ePsf] kftj;DaGwL sfsf] 1ftf kftj1 . ~ zf:q gf) k|frLg ;
l;s ljifoj:tsf] cWoog ug]{ zf:q cfls{of]nhL . kftg lj) [;+)] != cflbsfnsf] ctLtsf]
k|frLg kfgf] . gf) @= lji0f . ~ kGyL gf) kfgf] ljrfsf] JolSt kDkfjfbL JolSt . k
j) [;+)] kftj;DaGwL kftjsf] . ~ j:t gf) != k|frLg ;dosf dfgjn] agfPsf] cyjf pkof]u
u]sf] sg} klg rLh . @= k|frLg :dfs ;+If0f P]g n] tf]s]cg;f ;o jif{eGbf kfgf] snfT
jf P]ltxfl;s | fno gf) kftfljs j:txsf] dxjsf] rLh . ~ ;\ux ;\u|x ulPsf] :yn jf 3
g gf) [;+)] clk|msfsf] :6s{ kmfpG6]g gfd u]sf] 7fpFdf kfOPsf] dfgjh:tf] gjfg . kflgo
j) [k'fgf]OofF] != w]} ;do klxn]b]lvsf] w]} klxn]b]lv rNb} cfPsf] . @= cg'ejL hflgkms
.
790

k'fg'k'fgf] lj) [;+) k'f0f] != w]} cl3b]lv rngdf cfPsf] w]}{ lbgb]lv rngrNtL ePsf]
w]} ;docl3sf] klxn]sf] k|frLg . #= yf]qf] hL0f{ . $= cg'ejL k'flgofF . :qL) k'fgL .
ft gf) [k'fkft] s;}n] vfP 5f]l8Psf] t s;}n] vfgnfO{ :jLsf u]sf] h'7f] vfg]s'f] k'
. k'fkfiff0f gf) [;+)] dWokfiff0fo'ueGbf klxn]sf] ;do kfiff0fo'usf] k|yd r0f . k'fk'
lj) != s'g} s'fsf] sdL gePsf] ;a} s'fn] k"0f{ ePsf] elefp ePsf] 6gf6g ePsf] . @= rfl
lt oy]i6 . #= ePhlt ;a} ;d:t ;du| k"f . lqm) lj) $= k"} . k'fe"dWo;fu gf) [;+)] e"
cg';f cfheGbf ;ft sf]8 jif{klxn];Dd lxdfnL If]qdf nxfOx]sf] ;d'b| . k'fn]v gf) [;+)]
'fgf, dxjk"0f{ k|fdfl0fs clen]v . kfn gf) k'fgf dxjk"0f{ n]vx jf cGo k|frLg j:t'xs
ftYo ljj0f fVg] clwsfL k' fgf dx jk" 0 f{ clen]vxnfO{ c k'fgf j:t'xnfO{ klg ;
] Joj:yf ug]{ clwsfL . k'fljb\ lj) [;+)] != k'fgf] ;dodf 36]sf 36gf jf s'fx hfGg] k'
jifosf] 1fg ePsf] . gf) @= k|frLg Oltxf;sf] 1ftf . #= k'ftjsf] 1ftf k'ftjljb\ . k'fj[
gf) [;+)] != k'fgf] ;dodf 36]lat]sf s'f k|frLg s'f k'fgf] 36gf . @= Oltxf; . lj) #= k
xn] 36]sf] klxn] lat]sf] k'fgf] . k'lg c) lqm) [k\ O g] != vfN6f] cflb elg . @=
df kgM df; knfpg . klof gf) [ kl8of] cf}ifwL cflb a]lPsf] sfutsf] ;fgf] kf]sf] k
l8of . kL gf) [;+)] != gu . @= eftsf] pl8;f k|fGtdf x]sf] (lxGb"xsf]) k|l;4 tLy{:yn
xGb"xsf rf wfddWo] Ps wfd huGgfy wfd . #= bzgfdL ;GGof;Lxsf] Ps ;Dk|bfo . $= 8, l;, u
w cflb efj Hofb} dfqfdf ePsf] JolSt (l;sf] kL, 8sf] kL, uGwkL O)) . kL gf) [;+)
f] fd|L d5 ] a]n ] af6nf] agfO{ tftf] l3pdf 8afP agfOPsf] uxFsf] kL7fsf] f]6L
ksfOPsf] :jfL k8L k"/L . k? gf) [;+)] zld{i7fsf ue{af6 hGd]sf, oofltsf sfG5f 5f]f k
0fk|l;4 rGb|j+zL fhf kf}jj+zsf k|jt{s, sf}j kf08jsf k"j{h . k?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") k
?s\ s] Ps} rf]l6 ytls{b F f] Wjlg lg:sg] uL (kfb\g] qmddf) . k?vf gf) [;+) k?if] k
vf{ k"j{h . k?jf! lj) [k\ pjf] k]sf] e]sf] klPsf] elPsf] . k?jf@ gf) [;+)
nf;sf] sfd lnOg] lunf;sf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
791

k?ifk;g { ] l5b|fGj]ifL . kf]lxt gf) [;+)] ohdfgsf 3df ;do;dodf klcfpg] sd{sf08;D
aGwL >f4flb lkt[sfo{ iff]8z ;+:sfljlw ufpg] afxg kt ] . > kf]lxTofO gf) kf}f]l
gL k']TofOF . k'vf{ gf) [;+) k'?if] cfgf k"j{hx afa'afh] lhHo" . jnL gf) j+zfjnL
f}n { Lk'Vof}n { L gf) != lktfk'vf{sf kfnfb]lv rlncfPsf s'fsf] j0f{g k':tfjnL . lj)
@= cfgf lktfk'vf{sf] kfnfb]lvsf] (rng, Jojxf O)) . #= k|frLg . { != ;fgfltgf s'fsf]
l6kf]6 ePsf] sfut k'hf{ gf) [kmf) k'h] ;fgfltgf s'f 5f]6sLdf l6lkPsf] sfut . @= ;fg
f]ltgf] lrL jf kq . #= oGq (d]l;g) sf] s'g} c
\u . $= k'hL{ . > k'hL{ gf) Ps c8\8fn]
csf]{ c8\8fnfO{ jf JolStnfO{ lgodfg';f n]vs ] f] kq c8\8faf6 n]lvPsf] ;fgf] kq n]v
f}6 . k't{ufn gf) [c
\)] o'f]ksf] Ps b]z, kf]t{ufn . > k'tu { fnL gf)lj) != kf]t{ufnL
. k'lg{ofk'g]{ gf) [;+) k"l0f{df] k"l0f{df ltly ftdf e]nL h"g x'g] lbg . k'kI { fk'k
5] gf) [;+) k"jk { If] != cbfntdf s'g} ljifonfO{ k|dfl0ft ugf{sf lglDt ulg] plStk
|To'lSt . @= ax; 5nkmn . #= lg0f{o . k'k {' f] gf) [;+) k'Mk'6>k|f) k'Kk'8f]] != lgwf
. @= efUo . k'la{of lj) [;+) k"jL{ocf] != k"j{ lbzfsf] k"jl{ tsf] k"jl{ t xg] k"jL{
{nL kf}:To . gf) @= g]kfn clwfHosf a|fXd0fxdWo] s"df{~rnLo d}lynafx]s c a|fXd0f g]k
a|fXd0fsf] Ps e]b . k'Aof}{nL gf) [;+) k"jf{jnL] != k"j{lt/sf], k'la{of . @= kfk"
js { fnsf 36gf cflbsf] j0f{g k'Vof}n { L Oltxf; . k' { lqm) lj) [c) d") k'\] ckfgjfo
g:sFbfsf] em}F zAb lgsfNg] uL ckfgjfo' lg:sg] uL . ;ft) k' { k{ k??? . knS { s
lj) [c) d") kn{s\ s] != dflg; jf sg} ;fgf]ltgf] j:t la:tf} 9Ng] jf n8\g] lsl;dn
] . @= 6fpsfn] 6]s] kN6g] lsl;dn] kN6gafhL vfg] lsl;dn] kn{Ss . lj) #= To:tf] lsl;d
sf] . ~ knS { s lqm) lj) afaf kn{Ss xg] lsl;dn] . > knl { Ssg c) lqm) kn{S
s xg . knS { SofO gf) k'nS {' s x'g] lqmofk|lqmof . k';
{' u \ ] gf) [;+) k'?if
f
\uP] df?gL;Fu} gfRg] kfq 9F6j ' f] hf]s . k';'{g gf) [ lklN;cGg] yf]} t dL7f] v
kftdf a]] e'
\u|fdf kf]n] tof kf]sf] vfB . > k';g {' ] lj) != vfg]s'fdf k';'{g xfn]
g kfpg] . @= :jfb] ld7f}] ld7f;] . k';g {' ] lj) [k';
{' u \ ]] ;fgf] ufF7Lsf] UofF
.

cfsfsf] df6fsf] efF8f] df6fsf] Ps lsl;dsf] lunf; . ' sf] rf}f;L u'gfafasf] gfk rf}f;
'?if! gf) [;+)] c
\un cdnafasf] gfk Ps dfG5]sf] prfOafasf] gfk . k'?if@ gf) [;+)] !=
g]dfG5] . @= nf]Ug] . #= dfgjhflt . $= efn] hfltsf] k|f0fL . %= ;f
\Vozf:qsf cg';f
k|sl[ tb]lv leGg, ckl0ffdL stf{ cfTdf . ^= lji0f' . &= hLj . *= Jofs0fzf:qsf] klefif
fcg';f ;j{gfdsf] jf lqmofsf] stf{ e]b . lj) (= efn] jL cfF6L . ~ Psn gf) kIfljkIfdf P
sPs k'?if v]nf8Ln] efu lnPsf] v]n (Aof8ldG6g cflb) . Tj gf) != k'?ifsf] efj k'?ifd
f xg] u'0f tyf ljz]iftf . @= k'?iffy{ efn]kg . ~ Tg gf) Tgh:t} ;a}n] dg kfpg] k'?if .
l;+x gf) l;+xh:t} lgeL{s kfqmdL k'?if ;"f] dfG5] . ~ ;"St gf) ljf6\ k'?if;DaGwL rrf
Psf] oh'j]{bsf] Ps v08 jf cg'jfs\ . > k'?iffwd gf) k'?ifxdf cwd gLr k'?if If'b| dfG5
] cwd dflg; . k'?ifflot gf) != cfOdfO{ff k'?ifsf] j]ze"iff wf0f u] k'?ifsf] h:t} cfr
g]{ sfd t]nL v]n . @= Ps k|sfsf] ltaGw . lj) #= k'?ifsf] h:t} cfr0f ug]{ . k'?iffy{ g
) [;+)] != dg'io dfqsf] hLjgsf] kd nIo . @= dflg;sf] axfb'Lk"0f{ sfd kfqmd kf}v . #=
b\e't jf sl7g sfo{ ug]{ dflg;sf] Ifdtf ;fdYo{ zlSt . $= dg'iodfqsf nflu ceLi6 wd{,
cy{, sfd df]If oL rf tjdWo] s'g} Ps . > k'?iffyL{ lj) != hLjgsf] kd nIo k|fKt ug]{
?iffy{ ug]{ kfqmdL kf}vL . @= s'g} sl7g jf b':;fWo sfd ug{ ;Sg] ;dy{ zlStzfnL . k'?if
]Qd gf) [;+)] != k'?ifxdf pQd dg'ioxdf >]i7 pQd k'?if . @= lji0f' . ~ dlxgf gf) k'?if
]Qddf; . df; gf) dndf; clwsdf; . kjf gf) [;+)] kf0fk|l;4 Ps rGb|jz + L fhf pj{
oklt awn] Onfaf6 hGdfPsf] 5f]f] rGb|dfsf] gflt clqsf] kgflt . kt ] gf) [;+) kf
kf]lxt . ~ afh] gf) kf]lxtsf nflu k|of]u xg] Ps ;DdfgjfrL zAb . > kT ] ofO gf) k
]lxtsd{ hhdfgL . k'w ] ff] gf) [k'ofp w] ljjfx ug]{ s'f lglZrt ulPsf] lbgdf s]6fs
6Lsf] 3df k7fOg] Ps k|sfsf] sf];]nL f]6L . (of] rng ljz]if uL sfnLsf]6 lhNnfsf dtjfn
L 5]qLxdf a9L k|rlnt 5) . k'f] gf) [k'fcf]] h'7f]k'f] k'f . k'f]eflutf gf) [;+)]
'gfsf] efj jf lqmof csf{sf] bf]if dfq b]Vg] jf vf]Hg] k|j[lQ . k'f]efuL lj) [;+)] !
= cufl8 xg], cfpg] jf x'g] cu|efusf] . @= csf{sf] u'0fnfO{ gb]v] bf]ifnfO{ dfq b]Vg
] bf]ifbzL{

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

k';f]{k'lNsg k;f]{ gf)[;+) k?if] != efn] kz jf kIfL . lj) @= efn] . kn\g c) lqm
) [ lknfp g] != s]6fs]6Ln] v]Ng] uRrfsf] v]ndf jfOFn] l;dfgf jf uL gfg . @= lau|g
fz xg . kn! gf) [kmf)] != gbLgfnf kf ugf{sf lglDt jflkfl jf aLrdf ;d]t p7fOPsf vD
afsf cfwfdf jf vDaf gp7fO{sg g} agfOPsf] af6f] gbLdf jfkf ug{ agfOPsf] kSsL ;fF3 ;]t
 . @= gbL kf ug]{ sg} klg crn ;fwg (tOg, emf]n  u \ k ] n  kn; ] f] cflb) .
kn@ gf) [;+)] != 3fF;, emf cflbsf] ;d"x t[0fflz . @= ;fukftsf] d7f knf . kns gf)
;+)] != k|]d, xif{, eo cflbsf pb|]saf6 zLsf f}F 7f8f xg] lqmof k|]dflbsf sf0faf6 hLp
lhl\u xg] lqmof . @= vfgLaf6 lg:sg] jf lgsflng] j:t vlghkbfy{ . ] , #= fof]sf] Ps
k|sfsf] d;nf . > knsfjnL gf) k|d xif{, eo, cflbsf] sf0faf6 zLsf f}F w]} a];Dd 7f8
] lqmof jf l:ylt w]} a];Ddsf] f]df~r . knlst lj) k|]d, xif{ cflbn] f}F 7f8f ePsf]
r ePsf] (JolSt) . knkn gf) [;+) kns (l))] != 5f]f5f]L cflbnfO{ dflQg] uL nf8Kof ug
{ sfd vfa sfd ubf{ klg xKsfObKsfO gu] dfof dfq ug]{ sfd a9\tf nf8Kof ug]{ sfd . @= nf
] afgL . > knklng c) lqm) cfdfafa cflbsf] a9\tf nf8Kofn] ubf{ 5f]f5f]L cflb dflQ
g cleefjssf] a9\tf dfofn] s]6fs]6Lsf] afgL lau|g knkn] aGg . ~ knkNofO gf) k
nkNofOg] jf knklng] lqmofk|lqmof . knkNofOg s) lqm) knknsf] Jojxfdf kflg
jf To:tf] Jojxf ulg . knkNofp gf) knkNofO knkn . knkNofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm)
= s]6fs]6LnfO{ dflQg] uL dfof ug{ a9\tf dfof ug{ nf8Kof ug{ . @= dTofpg kflQg] kf
g{ knknfpg . knkNofx6 gf) knkNofO . kn:To gf) [;+)] a|Xdfsf ;ft dfg; kqdW
o] Ps ;Ktlif{dWo] Ps fj0fsf] afh] kn:To Clif . kn:TofO gf) ePgePsf sfnfO{ a9fO{r
eGg] sfd jf k|jl[ Q r]kf] 5fF6sf] a];f] kffsf] sfufO . > kn:TofO gf) kn:TofOF .
TofOg s) lqm) kn:TofOFsf ;fy sf ulg . kn:Tofpg ;) lqm) kn:TofOFsf ;fy sf ug{
. kn:Tofx6 gf) kn:TofOF . kn:Tofxf lj) kn:TofOF ug]{ :jefjsf] . kn:TofxL lj)
kn:TofOF ug]{ :jefjsL . knx gf) [;+)] a|Xdfsf Ps dfg; kq ;Ktlif{dWo] Ps slkzfsf
klt tyf lkzfr hfltsf hGdbftf . knf gf) [;+) kn] ;fukft cflb a]Rg kflPsf] d7f] ;f
ukftsf] d7f] la6f sNnL . knfO gf) [ k n \ - cfO)] jfOFn] kn ] l;dfgf jf uL gfg]
|lqmof . [ > ] knfOg c) lqm) kNg] tNofOg .
792

knfp gf) [kmf) knfj < ;+) knfsknfGg] pl;g]sf] df;sf] s];f | ld;fO{ jf gld;fO{
lehfPsf] rfdn l3pt]ndf ksfP tof kflPsf] d;nfbf eft df+;f]bg knfj . \ cfp g] kNg] k
{ jf knfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [kn kNg nfpg . knfs gf) [;+)] != ksfPsf] rfdn efts
f] l;tf . @= vfa lsl;dsf] cGg . #= leq rfdn gePsf] ;]k|f] wfg kf]u6f] . knft] lj)gf
) 7"n7"nf kftf ePsf] (vsL) . ] jf u8] uxgfxnfO{ rlDsnf] klns gf) [;+) kns] 3f]6 k
g]{ kTy ans . kln\u gf) [;+) k+l n\u] Jofs0fsf cg;f efn]tj hgfpg] ln\u . klnGb
+) kn kmf) OGb] xnfs, df]6, ]n, xjfO{hxfh cflbaf6 sxLF k7fOg] p2]Zon] dfndQf leq fv
] aflxaf6 l;OPsf] jf sfut, sk8f cflbn] a]] afFlwPsf] kf]sf] kf;{n . kln; gf) [c\)]
fsf hLpwgsf] Iff ug{ b]zdf zflGt;Iff sfod fVg lgoSt, z:qwfL jf lg:q ;sfL sd{ r
~ c8\ 8 f gf) k| x Lsfof{ n o . ~ sd{rfL gf) k|xL . ~ uf]:jff gf) k|xLsf] k|wfg s
|xL pkLIfs sfof{no 8L) P;) kL) sfof{no . ~ rf} s L gf) zflGt; Iffsf lglDt ;sfff
f]lhd 7fpF7fpFdf kln;x xg] s]Gb| k|xLrf}sL . ~ ljefu gf) ;sfL kdf ;j{;fwf0f hgtfs
gsf] Iff ug{ b]zdf zflGt;Iff sfod fVg ag]sf] Ps ;sfL ljefu k|xL;DaGwL sfsf] Jo
sfof{no . ~ ;]G6L gf) oftfoft lgoGq0f ug{ Jo:t ;8ssf] aLrdf k|xL pleg] 7fpF . knL
rSsf gf) [c\) kln rSsf] wdf hl8Psf] nf]tfn] 3dfpg] kf\u|f nf]tf nfu] d]l;g 3df
f (kln lXjn) . knls;L gf) [g]jf)] OGb|hfqfsf] cjlwe sf7df8f}+Fsf] sLnfun 6f]naf6
lgsflng], dfGb|fs ] f] xfQLleq bOh { gf k;] dgf]~hgsf nflu 6f]n6f]ndf grfOg] Ps h
fqf knu  0f]z . knS  s lqm) lj) [;+) kns s] st} Ps} kN6 cfFvfn] x]] 6nSs . ~ kn
 s lqm) lj) 3l3l st} cfFvfn] x]b}{F u] knk n   . knS  SofO gf) k'nS ' s x]
jf lqmofk|lqmof . k'nk 'n ' ' lqm) lj) [;+) kns (l))] x]bf{ nuftf cfFvf Roft] Ps 6s
;Fu 6'n6 ' n ' '. k'n; ] f] gf) [;+) k'n;b[z] ;fgf] cfsfsf] k'n 5f]6f] k'n sne6{ . k'
Nsg c) lqm) [knS  s O g] != knS  s b]vf kg{ knS s

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
793

kNsf]kik cf}ifwL zLnfO{ zlSt :k"mlt{ lbg] cf}ifwL kf}li6s kbfy{ b"w rfsaf6 ag]
d7fO{ljz]if . tf gf) ki6 xg] lqmof, u0f jf cj:yf . kli6 gf) [;+)] != df]6f], a
lnof] xg] lqmof jf efj ki6 xg] lqmof jf efj . @= klxn] eO;s]sf] sg} sfnfO{ ts
{, k|df0f cflbff alnof] agfpg] lqmof jf efj . s lj) != x[i6ki6 kfg]{ alnof] agfpg]
@= k|dfl0ft ug]{ . sfs lj) kli6s . > ki6Ls0f gf) != k|ltlglwxff ulPsf] ;Demf}
u ;DalGwt ;lGwkq . @= ljlwk"js { ulPsf] sg} ;Demf}tfkq, ;+ljbfkq cflbdf x:tfIf cf
lbff ;dy{g jf kli6 hgfpg] lqmof jf sfd . #= kli6u/fO . kik gf) [;+)] != k"mn . @
= g5g] ePsL cfOdfO{sf] h :qL hfltdf Ctsfndf xg] tj . s gf) != k"mn . @= ;fgf] jf
nL k"mn . #= sa]sf] ljdfg . $= k"mn kmNg] ;Dk"0f{ jg:kltju{ klikt xg] ;Dk"0f{
ntfj[If . ~ sfn gf) != jg:klt cflbsf] k"mn kmNg] ;do . @= gfL hfltsf] g5g] xg]
jf ePsf] ;do Ctsfn . ~ af0f gf) lxGb" kfsyfsf cg;f gfLk?ifnfO{ sfds tNofP Ps c
kl| t cfslif{t kfg]{ b]jtf sfdb]j . ~ h gf) k"mnleq xg] dsGboSt ;uGwL w"nf] k"mnsf
] s]zdf 6fFl;Psf] kik;n] leh]sf], ;uGwL w"nf] kfu . ~ y gf) ljjfx, yofqf, emfFsL j
Go ljz]if kj{ cflbdf bnxf, bnxL ;Ddflgt JolSt jf sg} b]jd"lt{ fv] lxF8fOg], k"m
n, Wjhf, ktfsf cflbn] ;lh;hfp kflPsf] y, df]6 cflb k"mn cflbn] l;FuflPsf] ofgljz]if .
~ ; gf) != k"mnsf] ; dsGb . @= kmnsf] ; r:g] edf] . ~ fu gf) kikfh dl0f .
f kx]Fnf] sf] axd"No kTy Ps hftsf] dl0f . ]0f gf) kikh . jtL gf) h:jnf gfL
OdfO{ . ~ jfl6sf gf) k"mnafL, au}Frf . ~ jf0f gf) k"mnsf] af0f lng] :qL k?ifdf k:k
sif{0f k}bf u] ;+of]usf nflu k|]0ff lbg] kf}fl0fs b]jtf sfdb]j . ~ ljdfg gf) kiks lj
fg . ~ j[li6 gf) ljz]if kj{, pT;j cflbdf jf 7"nfa8f JolStsf ;Ddfgdf ulg] k"mnsf] j
iff{ . ~ zof gf) a]nLrd]nL cflb sf]dn ;uGwL k"mn la5fO{ agfOPsf] zof k"mnsf] la5f}gf
. zfs lj) != k"mnsf kdf tsfL, crf cflb agfP vfOg] . gf) @= sf]Ofnf] . #= cu:tL . ~
f) kiksfn . ;f gf) != dsGb . @= k"mn cflbsf] ;uGwL ;f cQ . > kikfIfL lj) k"mnsf
cfFvf ePsL kikgogL . kikf~hg gf) lkQnsf] xlof] cf}ifwL ldnfO{ agfOPsf] ufhn . k
ikf~hln gf) != b]jtf jf dfGo JolStnfO{ r9fpg cFhnLdf lnOPsf] k"mn . @= To;L xftdf
k"mn lnP cFhn  Ln] gd:sf uL k"mn r9fpg]

b]lvg] xg . @= rxlsg pHh xg .  s x]g{] sfd knS s kNsf] gf) [;+) kns] PskN6
knS x]fO kns . kNSofO gf) [ klNs - ofO)] klNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kNS
ofOg s) lqm) != knS  s x]fOg . @= klNsg] kflg . kNSofpg k|) ] lqm) != knS 
s x]fpg . @= klNsg] kfg{ . kNSofx6 gf) kNSofO . kNSofxf lj) knSs x]g]{ klN
sg] . :qL) kNSofxL . klN6; gf) [c\) kf]lN6;] hLpdf lgSn]sf 3fpvl6f ksfpg jf kfSg
eGbf klxn] g} ysfpg nufOg] afSnf] n]k Ps k|sfsf] dnd kl6g klN6g . kN6L gf) [;+) k
n6 O{] ;fgf] kN7f] kN7L . kN6 gf) [c) d")] kN6Fb} hfg] lsl;d . afhL gf) kN6 vf
rfn kN6gafhL . > kN6\ukN6\ lqm) lj) != sg} JolSt jf j:t sxLF kN6g] jf n8\g] lsl
dn] kn{\u . lj) @= klN6Psf] . kN7L gf) [;+) kn6 O{] != dlt]nsf] aQL afNg] sfddf k|
of]u ulg], kmnfdsf] ;fgf] y]Krf] efF8f] l8aL l9a|L . @= ;fgf] kN7f] . kN7f] gf) [k
f]n 7f] < kn6] ePgePsf sf nfP bO{ hgfdf kmf6f] kfg]{ sfd csf{sf] rSnL nufpg] sfd k
f]n . kjfn ] lj) [k'jfFnf]P] != gSsnL d'uf cyf{t\ k'jfFnfsf]
sf] k'm;|f] ftf]
sf]
] kuL, j:t' cflb) . gf) @= j;Gt Ct'df k'mNg] Psflt ;]tf];]tf] csf{lt xlof]xlof] kft
'g], Ps hftsf] 7"nf] v k'jfnkft] . k'jfnf]! gf) [;+) k|afn] gSsnL lsl;dsf] d'uf . k'
jfnf]@ gf) yfxf gkfpg] uL sk8fdf nfu]sf] cfuf] . k'jfnf]# gf) o1df cfx'lt lbFbf wffkf
af6 o1flUgdf 3[twff r'xfpg] sfd . k'jf gf) [;+) k"ks] rfdn cflbsf] kL7f] ofn] u'lnof
] xfnL jf gxfnL l3pdf e'6] agfOPsf] vfB kbfy{ k"jf . k'jfn kft] gf) [;+) k|jfnkqP] x
]) k'jfFn] (v) . k'is gf) [;+)] != kf]vL . @= kfgL . #= xfQLsf] ;'F8sf] cl3Nnf] efu
. $= sdn . %= ;"o{ . ^= k'f0fcg';f ;ft LkdWo] Ps . &= eftl:yt Ps k|l;4 tLy{ . *= cfs
fz . ~ tLy{ gf) eftsf] Ps tLy{ . d"n gf) != kfgLsf kf]vLdf x'g] Ps cf}ifwL . @= sdns
f] hf . #= s'6sL . > k'isl0fL gf) != kf]vL . @= xlQgL . k'isn lj) [;+)] != k|z:t w]}
gf) @= rf ufF; k'Ug] uL leIf'snfO{ lbOg] leIff . k'i6 lj) [;+)] != df]6f]3f6f] zL ePs
f] df]6f]3f6f] kf]l6nf] . @= zLdf tfut ePsf] alnof] . #= nfngkfng ulPsf] e0fkf]if0f
] . sfL gf) zLnfO{ x[i6k'i6 agfpg]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

k'iok"5 ljlw . k'liksf gf) != x]s cWofodf j0f{g ulPsf k|;
\usf] ;dflKtsf] ;"rgf lbg] T
o; cWofosf] clGtd efu jf jfSo . @= k':tssf] cGtdf n]vssf] gfd, k':ts n]lvPsf] ;d
o, :yfg cflbsf] pNn]v ;lxt n]lvPsf] jfSo jf Znf]s . #= kfp8 cflb ;'uGwL b|j d'vdf
nufpg] sk8f, e'jf cflbsf] k"mnh:tf] sf]dn ;fwg kkm . k'lik0fL gf) h:jnf :qL . k'li
kt lj) k'mn]sf] kmlqmPsf] . k'liktf lj) h:jnf ePsL g5'g] . k'ikL lj) k"mnff ;hfOPsf
n] o'St . k'ikf]Bfg gf) k"mnafL . k'ikf]khLjL gf) != dfnL . @= edf] . lj) #= k"mn r'
; ] jf k"mn a]r ] hLjg wfGg] . k'io gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] cf7f}F gIfq ltio . k'; g
f) [;+) kf}if] d
\l;kl5 cfpg] dlxgf j}zfvdf yflng] jif{sf] gjf}F dlxgf kf}if k"; . k';
kmf;k'm; (pvfg) . k';fOk';fh'k';fHo" gf) [k'mk":jfdLh'Ho"] k'mkfHo" k'mkfh' k';F}
lj) [k';P] k'; dlxgfsf] k';df x'g] jf hGdg] . ~ emL gf) k'; dlxgfdf kg]{ emL . k':6f
O gf) [ k':6fp -cfO)] k':6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] k':6fOg' c) lqm) != k'i
6 xf]Og' . @= ;lk|g' . k':6fpg c) lqm) [kl:6 cfp g] x[i6ki6 xg df]6f]3f6f] xg k
l:6g . kl:6g c) lqm) [;+) kli6 g] df]6f] jf ki6 xg ;k|g . > k:6fO gf) != k'
g] sfd jf 9fFrf . @= ts{, k|df0f cflbff s'g} s'fsf] k'li6 ug]{ sfd k'li6ufO . k':6fO
) k'l:6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . k':6fOg' s) lqm) k'i6 kflg' . k':6fpg' ;) lqm)k|) ]
lqm) k'i6 kfg'{ df]6f]3f6f] t'Nofpg' . k':6fx6 gf) k':6fOF . k':t gf) [;+)] != x:tlnl
vt u|Gy kf08'n]v . @= lzNk sflnu9 . k':ts gf) [;+)] != k9\gk ] 9fpg], kf7 ug]u { fpg
] cflb p2]Zon] ts{, ljrf, efjgf, sNkgf, 1fglj1fg cflbsf s'f n]lvPsf] jf 5flkPsf] u
|Gy 1fglj1fg;DaGwL s'fnfO{ ;'lIft fVg lnlka4 ulPsf] lnlvt jf d'lb|t 7]nL . @= lnlvt,
d'lb|t, 5fof
\lst, e"h,{ tf8, wft' jf sfut cflbsf kqnfO{ ;'Iff qmda4tfsf lglDt sf7,
5fnf, wft' cflbsf kqsf] cfj0f lbO{ k7gKff7gsf nflu l;OPsf] jf qmd ldnfP flvPsf] u|
Gy . ~ vr{ gf) != s'g} ;+:yfsf dftxtdf xL cWoog ug]{ cg';Gwfg ug]{ s'g} JolStnfO{
pSt ;+:yfn] k':ts lsGgsf lglDt lbg] cfly{s ;xof]u . @= k':ts lsGg nfUg] vr{ . vf
gf gf) != k':tsfno . @= lstfk3 . > k':tsfsf lj) k':tssf cfsfsf] . k':tsfuf gf) k':ts
u|Gyfuf . k':tsfWoIf gf) k':tsfnodf k':tsxsf] ;
\u|x, ;'Iff lgodfg';f ltgLxsf]
794

cfbfgk|bfg cflbsf] Joj:yf ug]{ JolSt k':tsfnosf k':ts;DaGwL Joj:yf ug]{ clwsfL . k
':tsfno gf) != ;fj{hlgs kn] OR5's kf7sxn] ljleGg ;t{df k9\g kfpg] lx;fan] ljleGg lj
ifosf k':tsxsf] ;
\u|x u] flvPsf] 3 jf 7fpF . @= k':ts3 . k':tsfnofWoIf gf) k':tsfno
o'St sd{rfLxsf] ]vb]v ug]{, cfjZostfcg';f ltgLxnfO{ lgb]z { g lbg] k':tsfnosf] ;'If
yf ;d[l4sf nflu k|oTgzLn xg] clwsfL k':tsfnosf] d'Vo xflsd . (c
\)) nfOa|l] og . k':tf
gf) [kmf) k'Zt] afa', afh], afh' cflb 5f]f], gflt, kgflt cflbsf] k"jf{k qmd j+zkDk
L (h:tf] ;ftf}F k:tf, cf7f}F k:tf cflb) . > k:tfgk:tf gf) != j+zfgqmddf w]} k:
tf w]} lkF9L k:tf}Fk:tf}F . @= w]} k:tfb]lv rn] cfPsf] sf . k:tfjnLk:tfjfL
xsf] j[QfGt j+zfjnL kVof}n { L. kl:tsf gf) [;+)] ;fgf]ltgf] lstfa n3 k:ts . kl:t
gk:tL gf) [kmf) kZtL] k:ts Iffsf lglDt lhNbsf] kL7df nufOg] 5fnf . @= sfutkqdf a
flxkl a]g]{ jf nufOg] lhNb . #= lhNb afFWbf lhNb k:tssf aLrdf 6fFl;g] sfut . $= k
:tsx jf ldl;nxsf] kf]sfleq cufl8kl flvPsf] To;leqsf lstfa jf ldl;nxsf] ;"rL . k:t}g
L lj) [kmf) kZt}gL] != w]} k:tfb]lv rlncfPsf] w]} lkF9L;Dd lxxg] k:tfgk:tfsf]
F9Lsf] . lqm) lj) @= k:t}lkR5] . k:tf} lj) [k':tfcf}] F != w]} k':tf lat]sf] . gf)
@= lat]sf jf laTg afFsL cg]sf}F k':tfx . k':Tof}nL lj) [k':tfof}nL] k'Vof}n { L k':
tfjnL . k'xg ' gf) [;+) k|3'0f] k'x'GsL kfpg] dflg; k'x'gL hftsf] JolQm . k'xg '
L gf) [k'xg ' O{] gofF d'n'sL P]g nfu" x'g'eGbf klxn] c5"t dflgPsf] (bdfO{+, sfdL,
;fsL{ cflb) hflt kf}gL . ~ b:t' gf) ;fdflhs lgodcg';f k'xg ' Ln] kfpg] b:t' . ~ efu
f) != k'x'gLn] rf8kj{ cflbdf kfpg] efu . @= k'x'gLn] gofF afnL kfs]kl5 kfpg] vn]
kfyL, d'LafnL cflb efu . k'xG ' sL gf) [k'xg ' L] != 3df cfO{ sfd u] hfFbf k'x'gLn] k
fpg] b:t' jf efu k'x'gL . @= k'x'gLefu kfpg] clwsf jf j[lQ . kft gf) kxG  sLsf kd
fpg] rLh jf j:t . k"uL gf) [;+)] ;kfLsf] af]6 jf kmn . kmn gf) ;kfL . k"5 gf) x])
k5 . tf5 gf) x]) k5tf5 . kf5 gf) x]) k5kf5 .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
795

k"hsk"0f{ cy{nfO{ k"f ufpg ;xof]u ug]{ zAb (pbf) fd 8fS6 eof] of] sf fd|f] nfUof]
= aflxL k|sl[ taf6 ;f; tfgL leq kmf]S;f] eg]{ Ps k|sfsf] k|f0ffofd . $= sg} j:ts
f] sdL jf ql6nfO{ k"f ug{ kl5 ylkg] c+z . ~ vr{ gf) != yk vr{ yk Joo . @= vr{ ug{
yk lgsf;L ePsf] sd . ~ kLIff gf) != sg} kLIffyL{ kLIffdf lgwf{lt ljifo jf kqxdWo] s
ljifo jf kqdf cgQL0f{ ePdf To;}df dfq bf]xf]ofP lbOg] kLIff d"n kLIffsf] c\usf kdf
f] csf]{ kLIff . @= kLIffdf ePsf] sdL jf ql6nfO{ jf afFsL x]sf] kLIffnfO{ k"f ug]{ k
Iff . ~ k|Zg gf) != sg} kLIffsf k|Zgdf ePsf] sdL jf ql6nfO{ k"f ug{ agfOPsf] jf s
f0fjz bf]xf]ofP ulPsf] kLIffsf] k|Zgkq . @= sg} ;ef, a}7s cflbdf k|:tt sg} ;d:of,
k|:tfj cflbsf ;DaGwdf rrf{klrrf{ eO;s]kl5 klg afFsL x]sf] z\sfsf] ;dfwfgsf lglDt ulg
] yk k|Zg ;ef, a}7s cflbsf] sfd, k|:tfj cflb k"f ug{ ulg] k|Zg . ~ ah]6 gf) dVo ah]
6nfO{ k"f ug{sf] nflu tof kflPsf] yk ah]6 . k"0f gf) [;+)] != k"f ug]{ lqmof jf sfd .
@= kg]{ sfo{ kfO . > k"0fLo lj) != k"f ug{ ;Sg] lsl;dsf] k"f ug{kg]{ (sdL, ql6 j
flt) . @= kgk { g]{ kg{ ;lsg] kg{ xg] . k"lotf lj) [;+)] sg} JolQm, j:t jf sf
df ePsf] sdL, ql6 jf IfltnfO{ k"f ug]{ k"s (JolSt) . k"f lj) x]) k/f@ . k" lj) x
/fk/ . k"lsf gf) [;+)] != srf}8L . @= kL f]6L . k"L gf)x]) k/L . k"0f{ lj) [;+)]
"f l;\uf] . gf) @= a|Xdf . ~ snz gf) != kftdf sLfx a:gf;fy wf]qmf]h:tf] eP aGb uL s
] la?jf Ps k|sfsf] sL6fxfL la?jf sL6fxfL . @= k"0f{sDe . sfd lj) cfk"mn] OR5f u]s
k|fKt ul;s]sf] dgsf sfdgf k"0f{ ePsf] klti6 k"0f{dgf]y . ~ sDe gf) != kfgL e]sf]
ufu|f] . @= k"hfdf kfgL e] flvg] snz k"0f{snz . ~ rGb| gf) ;f]x|} snfn] k"0f{ ePsf] r
Gb|df ;a} c+zn] k"0f{ rGb|df k"l0f{dfsf] h"g . tM lqm) lj) k"fk"L k"} . tof lqm
f{ kn] k"f tjn] . ~ Gofoflws0f gf) k|wfg GofofwLz;lxt tLg jf tLgeGbf a9L GofofwLzsf]
hnf; k|wfg GofofwLz c tLg jf tLgeGbf a9L GofofwLzsf] ;ef kmna]Gr . ~ Gofoflwj]zg gf
) ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf ;a} GofofwLzx ;lDdlnt xg] Ohnf; ;jf]R { r cbfntsf ;a} GofofwLzxs
f] k"f ;ef . kfq gf) != sg} ze sfo{sf] k"0f{tfsf nflu rfdn, l;\uf] ;kfL, k};f cfl
bn] elPsf] Kof, 6kL cflb . @= o1df hn;]rg ug{ flvPsf],

k"hs lj) [;+)] != b]jLb]jtf jf k"hgLo JolStnfO{ k"hf ug]{ kHg] . gf) @= khfL . k"
hg gf) [;+)] != b]jLb]jtf jf k"hgLo JolStsf] k"hf kHg] sfd cr{gf . @= s;}sf] cfb;Ts
f . k"hgLo lj) [;+)] != k"hf ugk { g]{ ;Ddfg ugk { g]{ k"hf ug{ of]Uo k"hf ug{ nfos
k"Ho . @= ;DdfggLo . #= dfggLo . $= cfb0fLo . k"hf gf) [;+)] != b]jLb]jtf jf k"hgL
o JolQmnfO{ k|;Gg kfg{, cgs"n kfg{ jf k0ofh{g ug{ >4felStk"j{s ulg] sfo{ . @= b
]jb]jL cflbnfO{ hn, k"mn, cIftf, g}j]B cflb r9fP ulg] wfld{s sfo{ crf{ cr{gf . #= cf
b;Tsf dfg;Ddfg . $= s;}nfO{ k|;Gg jf cgsn " kfg{sf lglDt s]xL j:t lbg] sfd . %= (
Jo\Uofy{df) lk6\g] sfd lk6fO (pbf) k|xLn] p;sf] fd|L k"hf uof] .) cfhf gf) k"hfkf
f]7f gf) b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hf ug{ 3/leq agfOPsf] sf]7f 3/leq k"hf ug]{ ulPsf] Pp6f sf]7
f . ~ sf]7L gf) ;fgf] k"hfsf]7f . ~ sf]7 ] gf) k"hfsf]7fdf sfd ug]{ JolSt khfL . ~
u[x gf) k"hfsf lgldQ agfOPsf] 3 jf 3leq} k"hfsf lglDt agfOPsf] 5} sf]7f . ~ kf7 gf)
b]jb]jLnfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ k0ofh{g ugf{sf lglDt ulg] k"hf, :tf]qflbsf] kf7 . ;fdf gf)
k"hfsf lglDt rflxg] ;;fdfg k"hfsf pks0f k"hf]ks0f k"hf;fdu|L . k"hfxfL gf) x]) k"h
"lht lj) != k"hf ub}{ cfPsf] klhPsf] k"hf ulPsf] . @= cfb;Tsf ulPsf] dfg;Ddfg ulP
"hf]ks0f gf) k"hf;fdf . k"Ho lj) [;+)] x]) k"hgLo . kfb gf) != k"hf ug{ nfos JolSt (
cfdf, afa, u? cflb) . @= k"hf ug{ nfossf] kfp . dfg lj) != k"hf ulPsf] k"lht . @=
;Ddfg ulPsf] ;Ddflgt . k"7 gf) != ;dy{g cf]8 . @= ;+:sf . k"t! lj) [;+)] != kljq z
gf) @= ;fFrf]kg ;To . k"t@ gf) [;+) kq] 5f]f] ktf ktf] . s gf) != cfgf 3df s
dfG5] geP jf eP klg c dfG5]nfO{ 5f]f;x kfNg] xs lbg] yfxsf] rng . @= To;L kflnPsf
kqs . k"tgf gf) [;+)] != afns s[i0fnfO{ dfg{ s+;ff k7fOPsL kf0fk|l;4 Ps fIf;L s[i0f
dflPsL s+;sL Ps uKtrL . @= gfIf;L . lj) #= bi6 (cfOdfO{) bi6f . k"tfTdf lj) [;+)]
4 cGtMs0f ePsf] kljq cfTdf ePsf] rf]vf] dg ePsf] dgdf 5nsk6 gfVg] . k"s lj) [;+)] !
g} JolSt jf j:tsf] sdLnfO{ k"f ug]{ sg} sfsf] vfFrf]nfO{ k"f ug]{ . gf) @=Jofs0fd
f ck"0f{ jf k"sfk]IfL lqmofkb k|oS  t ePsf] jfSodf hf]l8O{ lqmofkbsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k"0ff{k"j{ hnn] elPsf] kfq . kfqf] gf) k"0f{kfq . k|1 lj) nf}lss tyf kfnf}lss sf
fg ePsf] 1fgjfg\ kd1fgL . df;L gf) k"l0f{df . ~ of}jg gf) d:t a}+F; k"0f{ tGg]Lkgf
t?0ftf . ~ ljfd gf) != jfSo k"f ePkl5 k"f ePsf] hgfpg lbOg] 7f8f] wsf]{ jfSo k"f ePs
] hgfpg] lrXg v8LkfO{ 7f8LvL kfO{ (.) . @= k"0f{ kn] lj>fd lng] sfd . >L lj) != wg
on] k"0f{ ePsf] >L;DklQn] elk"0f{ ePsf] ;;DkGg P]Zjo{zfnL . gf) @= k"0f{ ;DklQ lbg]
eujtL k"0ff{ cGgk"0ff{ . ~ ;\Vof gf) != k"0ff{s \ . @= Pssf] ;\Vofb]lv afx]s cGo ;\V
] efu lbFbf z]if gxg] cyjf bzdnjsf] lx;fadf bzdnj lrXg (=) sf] bflxg] sg} c\s gxg]
;\Vof . k"0ff{ gf) [;+)] != k~rdL, bzdL, k"l0f{df cdfjf:of oL rf ltlynfO{ aemfpg]
zAb k~rdL, bzdL, k"l0f{df cdfjf:ofsf] ;fe]m gfd . @= k"0f{>L (b]jL) . k"0ff{s \ gf
) [;+)] != leGg jf bzdnjdf x/c\sn] ljeflht xg] /flz . @= sg} k|Zg jf k|Zgkqsf]
lgwf{l/t ;Dk"0f{ c\s lgwf{l/t k"0f{ c\ssf] ;d"x . #= k"/f ;\Vof k"0f{ c\s . k"0ff{lws
f) [;+)] != k"0f{ clwsf . @= Psf\uL clwsf Pp6} :jfldTj . ~ k|fKt != lj) k"0ff{lwsfjfn
k"0ff{lwsf kfPsf] . @= sg} JolSt jf ;sfn] csf]{ JolSt jf ;sf;Fu sg} lsl;dsf] jftf{n
fk, ;lGw cflb ugk { bf{ cfgf] ljj]sal4n] b]v]cg;f lg0f{o ug]{ clwsf k|bfg uL k7fO
Psf] ;jf{lwsfk|fKt (b"t cflb) . k"0ff{lwj]zg gf) [;+)] sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cflbsf
;a} ;b:on] efu lnPsf] clwj]zg sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cflbsf ;a} ;b:o ;lDdlnt xg ;Sg
] ;ef . k"0ff{gGb gf) [;+)] != cnf}lss lsl;dsf] cfgGb dflyNnf] txsf] cfgGb ;w}F :yf
oL xg] cfgGb zfZjt cfgGb s}jNofgGb . @= eujfg\ kd]Zj . k"0ff{o  gf) [;+)] != ;fdfGo
k|f0fLn] kfpg ;Sg] k"f lsl;dsf] cfo (dgiosf] ;o jif{sf] cfo) k"f pd] kdfo . lj)
= k"} cfo afFRg] ;o jif{ afFRg] (dfG5]) ;o jif{sf] cfo ePsf] (dfG5]) . #= k"f pd] k
us ] f] (sg} klg k|f0fL) . k"0ff{jtf gf) [;+)] O{Zjsf] ;Dk"0f{ snfn] oSt ePsf] d
gio jf c k|f0fLxsf] k s[i0ffjtf . k"0ff{xl  t gf) [;+)] != o1sf] ;dflKtsf cj;/df k"
f{tfsf lglDt 3[twf/f, gl/jn cflbf/f ul/g] xjg jf cfxlt . @= sg} sfdnfO{ k"/f ug
]{ c+z cku jf sdL k"/f ug]{ c+z . #= ;dflKt . k"l0{fdf gf) [;+)] rfGb| df;cg;f z
SnkIfsf] clGtd lbg iff]8z snfn] oSt rGb|df ePsf] lbg k"0f{rGb| ePsf] lbg kg{] .
796

k"0f]G { b gf) [;+)] k"0f{rGb| . k"0ff]k { df gf) [;+)] pkdfg, pkd]o, ;fwf0f wd{ j
frs zAbn] oSt ePsf] Ps cyf{n\sf pkdfcn\sfsf] Ps e]b . k"lt{ gf) [;+)] != sg} sdL, q
l6 jf IfltnfO{ k"f ug]{ sfd . @= ;? ulPsf] sfdsf] ;dflKt yflnPsf] sfdnfO{ k"f ug]{
sfo{ . > k"To{lwsfL gf) hgtfsf] 3Jojxfsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ kmnfd, sk8f, wfuf], l;d]G6
cflbsf] ;dlrt 9\un] ljt0fsf] Joj:yf ug]{ clwsfL hgtfsf pkef]Uo ;fdu|Lsf] laqmLljt0f
sf] ;dlrt Joj:yf ug]{ xflsd . k"j { gf) [;+)] != k|ftMsfndf ;"of]b { o xg] lIfl
thsf] efu ;"o{ pbfpg] lbzf klZrdsf] ljkLt lbzf . @= g]kfn, eft, rLg, hfkfg cflb k"jL
{o b]z Pl;ofsf k"jL{ e]ssf b]z . (pbf) k"js { f] ctLt hlt ;d[4 lyof] jt{dfg Tolt 5
}g) . #= sg} sfsf] cl3Nnf] efu . $= cl3Nnf] ;do . %= k"j{h kvf{ . lqm) lj) ^= k
lxn] cl3 . lj) &= klxn]sf] (h:tf] k"js { fn, k"j; { do O)) . ~ cltg"tg gjfg gf) cZdLe
"t cl:y cjz]ifsf kdf kfOPsf] ld;|sf] gjfg . ~ cgej gf) klxn] ef]u ] u]sf] sfd sfsf
gej klxn]sf] cgej . ~ cgejL lj) klxn]sf] cgej ePsf] . ~ Ps gDa gf) eStkb]lv k"j{
ltsf ag]kf, wlnv]n, l;GwkfNrf]s cflb a:tLx;lxtsf] Ps Onfsf klxn] (f0ffsfndf) ;ljw
fsf b[li6n] agfOPsf PsfOdWo] eStkb]lv k"j{sf k"j{ bO{ gDadf kg]{ a:tLxeGbf klZrds
f a:tLx ldnfP agfOPsf] k|zf;lgs PsfO . s lqm) lj) != efjjfrs gfdzAbsf k5fl8 k|of]u
xg], ;fy jf ;lxt cy{ aemfpg] zAb (h:t} s[kfk"j{s, elStk"j{s, cfgGbk"j{s cflb) .
@= ;fy ;lxt . ~ slyt lj) klxn] elgPsf] jf pNn]v ulPsf] k"jf]{St . ~ sDk gf) != 7"nf]
e"sDk cfpgeGbf cufl8 e"sDksf] k"j; { \st ] sf kdf xg] sDkg . @= sfdhf] cflbdf hf]
cfpgeGbf klxn] zLdf xg] ghflgFbf] sDkg . ~ sd{ gf) != cl3Nnf] hGdsf] sd{ k"j{hGds
f] sd{ . @= klxn] u]sf] sd{ klxn]sf] sfd klxnf] sfd k|yd sfo{ . #= sg} sfd ulgeGbf
klxn]sf] tofL . ~ sfo gf) gfO6f]bl] v dflyltsf] zLsf] efu zLsf] dflyNnf] c4{ efu .
gf) != klxn]sf] ;do lalt;s]sf] ;do . @= kfgf] ;do k|frLg sfn . ~ sflns lj) != klxn]
eO;s]sf] klxn]sf] ;dosf] . @= k|frLg sfnsf] kfgf] k|frLg . #= Jofs0fsf cg;f P, O{
{sg cflb k|Tooff JoSt (lqmof, h:t} u], uL, uLsg cflb) . ~ sfnLg lj) k"js { flns .
klxn] ulPsf] cufj} ulPsf] . ~ ufdL lj) != cufl8 hfg] klxn] hfg] clu lxF8\g] . @= klx
]sf] cufl8sf] . #= k"j{ lbzflt hfg] . ~ rf gDa gf) k"j{

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
797

k"jt { km{k"j { k xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt klxn]s} kSsfkSsL . k"j{ kIf gf) [;+)] != sg}
sfsf] klxnf] efu k"j{ efu . @= sg} jfbljjfb jf emu8f cflbdf klxnf] kIfsf] egfO
jf ts{ . #= zf:qLo rrf{klrrf{df klxn] p7fOPsf] k|Zg . $= kk{R5] . %= s[i0fkIf cFw
]LkIf . > k"j{ kIfL lj) != jfbljjfbdf, zf:qLo rrf{klrrf{df k"jk { If pkl:yt ug]{ k|Z
g ug]{ . @= gfln; lbg] afbL lbg] . k"j{ kIfLo lj) k"jk { If;DaGwL k"jk { Ifsf] . k"
j{ kb gf) [;+)] != ;df;ff lgdf{0f ePsf kbdf x]sf] klxnf] zAbtj bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L k
x ldn] ag]sf zAbsf] klxnf] kb . @= klxn] cfpg] kb . #= klxnf] :yfg . k"j{ kLl7sf gf
) [;+)] e"ldsf k[i7e"ld . k"j{ k?if gf) [;+)] x]) kvf{ . { f6 kfOg] 1fg k"js { f]
1fg . @= k"j{ k|af]w gf) [;+)] != k"ja klxnf] 1fg . #= klxnf] hfu0f . $= cledvLs0
f (cf]loG6];g) . k"j{ k|fylds lj) [;+)] k|fyldseGbf klxn]sf] (lzzljBfno) . ~ ljBfn
o gf) afnsaflnsfxnfO{ cIffDe ufpg] kf7zfnf svf l;sfOg] kf7zfnf lzzljBfno . k"j{
f) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps P3ff}F gIfq . k"j{ efb|kbf gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps kR
rL;f}F gIfq . k"j{ dWodf gf) [;+) ] ;+:s[tsf] k|ydfkl5sf] kLIff k|j]lzsfafasf] ;+:s[t
sf] kLIff ;+:s[t dWodfsf] cfwf efu . k"j{ dLdf+;f gf) [;+)] sd{sf08xsf] tfljs ljj]rgf
ulPsf], h}ldlg dlgff k|ltkflbt dLdf+;fbz{gsf] Ps efu dLdf+;fbz{gsf] sd{sf08;Fu ;Da4
efu eftLo cfl:ts if8\bz{gdWo] Ps . k"j{ \u gf) [;+)] != gf6ssf k|fDedf ljgzflGtsf lg
g6ff ulg] k|fy{gf gf6ssf ;?df ulg] b]jflb:tlt . @= tf; . #= k"j{kLl7sf . k"j{ f
[;+)] gfosgflosfsf] e]6 xgeGbf klxn] Pscsf{sf] u0f>j0f jf k:k bz{g cflbaf6 xg]
k|]d k"jf{g  fu . k"j{ fq gf) [;+)] != lxhf]sf] ft utflq . @= ftsf] k"jf{w{ . k"j
[;+)] != sg} JolSt, j:t jf sfsf] klxn]sf] k cufl8sf] k . @= sg} sf jf 36gf xge
 Gbf klxn]sf] cj:yf . #= f]usf] k"jf{j:yf f]usf] k|flDes nIf0f . $= lgs6 eljiodf x
g] sg} sfnfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ nIf0f . %= s;}sf] vtd eO;s]sf] k, u0f, j}ej cflb k]ml
k|fKt ePsf] j0f{g ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . ^= Jofs0fdf j0f{;lGwsf] Ps k|sf .

tLg gDab]lv k"j{klsf ef]hk, vf]6f, lb\nf cflb a:tLx;lxtsf] xfn s]xL ;udfyf s]xL s
c~rndf kg]{, klxn]sf] k|zf;lgs Onfsf . h gf) != hflt jf j:tsf] c+z jf cflbd :jk .
@= kvf{ lhhafh] . lj) #= klxn] g} hlGdPsf] h]7f] . ~ hGd gf) of] hGdeGbf klxn]sf
] hGd cl3Nnf] hGd pmGhgL . ~ hGdf gf) != cfk"meGbf klxn] hGd]sf] JolSt . @= cu|h bf
h . #= dgiohfltdWo] k|yd pTkGg egL kDkfcg;f dflgPsf] hflt a|fXd0f hflt . hf gf)
lbbL cu|hf . lj) hGdn] h]7L . ~ 1fg gf) k"jh { Gdsf] o; hGddf xg] cfef; k"jh { Gds
f] 1fg . tM lqm) lj) != k"j{ lbzflt . @= ;fdGg]df . #= plxn] . $= klxn] . k"jt {
km{ lqm) lj) [;+) k"j { tkm{] k"jk { l k"jl{ t . sf sDoflG8 hgn gf) f0ffzf;gdf s
pkTosfb]lv k"jt { km{sf] kxf8L Onfsfsf] zf;gk|aGwsf] clwsf kfPsf] JolSt sDoflG8 hg]n
{ h\uL nf7kl5sf] f]njfnf JolSt . k"j{ tflnd gf) [;+) k"j { c) tfnLd] v]n, gf6s, o4
cflbsf nflu klxn] g} lbOg] tflnd lx;{n . k"j{ ltyLo lj) [;+)] != hg lbg n]lvPsf]
xf] To;eGbf klxn]s} ltlyldlt lbOPsf] jf:tljseGbf cufl8sf] ldlt hgfOPsf] (n]v, k|n]
v cflb) . @= cl3Nnf] ldltb]lv nfu" xg] uL lgwf{lt ulPsf] . k"j{ ltg gDa gf) [k"j{ tLg
a] k"j{ bO{ gDa rf gDasf aLrdf kg]{ cf]vn9\uf, lr;\v, P]F;]nvs{, dfg]e~Hof cfl
Lx;lxtsf] Ps Onfsf . k"j{ lbg gf) != lat]sf] lbg lxhf]sf] lbg . @= sg} lbgsf] lbpF
;f] afx| ah]eGbf klxn]sf] c+z k"jf{X0f . k"j{ bO{ gDa gf) [k"j{ bO{ gDa] k"j{ Ps gDa
g gDasf aLrdf kg]{ fd]5fk, rLsf]6, d]n, bf]nvf cflb (xfn hgsk c~rndf kg]) { kxf8L a
:tL;lxtsf] Ps Onfsf . k"jb {t " gf) [;+)] klxnf] b"t cu|b"t k|yd r . gjfg gf) cZd
cl:y cjz]ifsf kdf kfOPsf] lslgof (k"jL{ clk|msf)sf] dfgjh:tf] b]lvg] jfg (k|fs ] G;
n) . k"j{ wf0ff gf) [;+)] != sg} ts{, jfbljjfb cflbdf jf sg} ;d:of cflbsf ;DaGwd
f kIf jf ljkIfsf ;DaGwdf, s;}n] klxn]bl] v g} l:y u]sf] wf0ff k"jl{ glZrt wf0ff jf lj
rf . @= k"jf{u|x . oSt lj) != sg} ts{, jfbljjfb cflbdf sg} Ps kIf jf csf]{ kIfs
f ;DaGwdf klxn]bl] v g} Pp6f wf0ff jf ljrf l:y ul;s]sf] klxn]b]lv g} agfPsf] wf0ff jf
ljrf lnP lxF8\g] . @= k"jf{u|xu|:t . k"j{ lglZrt lj) [;+)] klxn]bl] v g} lgZro ulPsf
] cl3af6 g} 6\uf] nflu;s]sf] k"j{lgwf{lt . tf gf) k"jl{ glZrt

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k"jj { t\k"jf{lego k"jj { t\ lqm) lj) [;+)] != klxn] ePsf] h:t} klxn]h:t} . lj) @=
klxn]sf] h:tf] . s0f gf) != klxn]s} l:yltdf Nofpg] jf kofpg] sfd . @= aGb ePsf] sf
nfO{ k]ml rfn" ug]{ sfd . #= k|efjxLg ag]sf sfnfO{ kgM k|efjoSt agfpg] sfd . k"
jj { lt{tf gf) [;+)] != klxn] g} xgfsf] jf eO;Sgfsf] efj k"jj { tL{ xgfsf] efj .
@= sfnqmd, :yfg, u0f cflbsf b[li6n] k"jj { tL{ xg] jf ePsf] l:ylt k"j: { yfgLo
tf k"jt { f. k"jj { tL{ lj) [;+)] != sfnqmd, :yfg, u0f cflbsf b[li6n] klxn] ePsf]
klxn]sf] . @= ;fdGg]sf] . #= k"j{ lbzftkm{sf] . k"jj { fb gf) [;+)] cbfntdf jfbL
n] u]sf] k|fy{gf jfbLsf] { fbL gf) jfbL . gfln; . > k"jj k"jl { jb\ lj) [;+)] != kft
ljb\ . @= k"j{ljBfsf] ljz]if1 . > k"jl { jBf gf) != k"j{ (eft, rLg, hfkfg O))sf ;Eo
tf cflbsf] cWoog ug]{ ljBf . @= eftLo ljBf . k"j{ ljlxt lj) [;+)] klxn] g} ulPsf] .
k"j{ j[Qk"j{ j[QfGt gf) [;+)] != klxn] 36]sf] 36gf klxn] ePsf] sf . @= Oltxf; k"j{j
[QfGt . #= e"ldsf . k"j{ ;l~rt lj) [;+)] cufj} ;fFlrPsf] cl3af6} ;l~rt . k"j{ ;Ddf
]bg gf) [;+)] hfL ug{kg]{ cfb]z, lgod cflbsf ;DaGwdf pRrflwsfLxaf6 klxn] g} k|fKt u]
sf] jf ulg] :jLs[lt jf kli6 k"j: { jLs[lt . k"j{ ;u{ gf) [;+)] Jofs0fsf cg;f :jtGq
df k|oSt geO{sg zAb jf wftksf cufl8 hf]l8P dfq k|oS  t xg] pk;u{ h:t} k (a]sfd]
, sLlt cflbsf a], s O)) . k"j{ ;]jfsfnLg lj) [;+)] != sg} ;]jf jf gf]sLdf lgolS
t kfpgeGbf klxn] tflnd cflbdf ;ls ePsf] ;dosf] . @= xfnsf] ;]jfeGbf klxn]sf] ;]j
fsf] ;dosf] ;flassf] ;]jfsf] ;dosf] . k"j{:yfg gf) [;+)] sg} JolSt, j:t cflbsf]
klxn]sf] :yfg, bhf{, l:ylt cflb . k"j: { yfgLo lj) [;+)] != klxn]sf] :yfg;DaGwL .
gf) @= k"jj { tL{ xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt k"jj { lt{tf . k"jl { :ylt gf) [;+)] sg}
JolSt, j:t cflbsf] klxn]sf] l:ylt k"jf{j:yf . ~ :yfkgf gf) != c;fdfGo kll:yltsf] c
Gt eP kgM klxn]sf] h:t} zflGtk"0f{ kll:yltsf] :yfkgf . @= f]u cflbsf sf0faf6 sdhf]L
cflb ;lsP klxn]sf] h:t} :jf:Yosf] k|flKt kgM :jf:Yonfe . k"j: { jLs[lt gf) [;+)] s
g} sfdsfaf] klxn] g} lbOg] :jLs[lt klxn] g} ulPsf] :jLsf . k"jl { xdfgL gf) [;+)] c
heGbf krf; nfvb]lv rfnL; nfv jif{ klxn];Ddsf] ;do lxdsNkeGbf klxn]sf] ;do . k"jf{
gf) [;+)] != k"jl{ bzf . @= k"jf{kmfNugL gIfq . #=
798

k"jf{efb|kbf gIfq . k"jf{ux | gf) [;+)] sg} ljifo, ;d:of cflbdfly ts{, jfbljjfb
jf ljrf ubf{ s;}n] gofF ;f]rfO jf l;4fGt u|x0f guL cfgf] k"j{lglZrt wf0ffgk g} lng]
c8\8L kljlt{t ;do jf kll:yltsf sf gaemL cfgf sfnfO{ g} a9L dxj lbg] lh2Ljfn k|j[
sf]xf]f] x7 lnF8]l9kL . k"jf{\u gf) [;+)] o1kf0fflb wfld{s sfo{ jf ljjfx j|taGwflb
sfo{ ubf{ k|fDedf ulg] s[To zesfo{df ulg] k|flDes ljlwljwfg k"j{sd{ . ~ k"hf gf) kf
hf, o1ofuflb sfo{sf] k|fDedf d\unsf nflu ulg] k"hf k"j{ kIfsf] k"hf . k"jf{rn gf) [;+
)] != kf0f cflbdf ljZjf; ulPcg;f ;"o{ pbfpg] kj{t pbofrn . @= k"jf{~rn . k"jf{~rn g
f) [;+)] != k"jk { lsf c~rn k"jk { lsf] If]q . @= k"jL{o l;dfgf k"jk { lsf] lsgf k"j
5]p . ~ ljsf;If]q gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] ;Gtlnt ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] afFl8Psf kfFr ljs
f;If]qdWo] k"jf{~rn;Fu ;DalGwt ljsf;If]q . k"jf{wf gf) [;+)] != sg} of]hgf jf pBf
]uwGbf cflb ;? ug{eGbf klxn]sf] cfjZos cfwf sg} klg sfo{sf] klxnf] cfwf dVo cfwf
. @= wftn . k"jf{lws0f gf) [;+)] lnR5ljsfndf rf lbzfdf ljeflht k|zf;lgs c8\8fxdWo] k"
j{klsf] c8\8f . k"jf{Woog gf) [;+)] sg} sfsf] ;Dos\ cWoog ug{eGbf klxn] sfdrnfp
lsl;dn] ulg] cWoog . k"jf{gdfg gf) [;+)] sg} ;d:of, 36gf cflbsf] ;Defljt kl0ffdaf]
klxn]b]lv ulg] c8sn sg} ljifo jf sfsf] kl0ffd cfpgeGbf klxn] ulg] cgdfg . k"jf{k
f) [;+)] != cufl8 k5fl8sf] efu sg} sfsf] cflbcGt 5]p6Kkf] . lj) @= cufl8 k5fl8sf
cflb cGtsf] . #= k"j{ klZrdsf] . k"jf{kfwL gf) [;+)] klxn] klg P]gsfggljkLt jf wfl
d{s b[li6n] lglif4 sfd ul;s]sf] ckfwL klxn] klg s;" ul;s]sf] JolSt k6sk6s ckfw ul;s
JolSt k6s] ckfwL . k"jf{kmfNugL gf) [;+)] k"jk { mfNugL gIfq . k"jf{efb|kbf gf) [;
+)] k"j{efb|kbf gIfq . k"jf{ef; gf) [;+)] kl5 xg] sg} sfdsf cflbsf] klxn] g} b]
lvg] nIf0f kl5 cfpg] kll:ylt jf xg] 36gfsf] k"jn { If0f k"j; { \st ] . k"jf{lego gf)
[;+)] != sg} gf6ssf] \ud~rdf k|bz{g ug{ nfUbf xg ;Sg] sdL jf ql6nfO{ xg glbg
klxn] g} ulg] cEof;fTds clego . @= o4 ;? xgeGbf klxn] o4sf l:yltdf ulg] cfqmd
0f, k|Tofqmd0f jf cfTd;Iffsf] cEof; .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
799

k"jf{ledvk[YjL @= kl5sf sg} 36gf, ;d:of cflbdf pbfx0fsf kdf k|:tt ulg] klxn]sf] s
g} 36gf jf ;d:of cflb . k"jf]{lbt lj) [;+)] !=k"jt { km{ pbfPsf] . @= klxn] pbfP
sf] . k"jf]k { fo gf) [;+)] ;Defljt xflggf]S;fgLsf] f]syfdsf nflu klxn]b]lv g} ulg]
pkfo sg} sfdsfdf xflggf]S;fgLsf] k"jf{ef; xg]lalQs} f]syfdsf nflu ulg] pkfo . k"
; gf)x]) k; . k[R5s lj) [;+)] lh1f;f jf pT;stf d]6\gsf nflu sg} k|Zg ;f]Wg] k|Zg
stf{ k|flZgs . k[R5f gf) [;+)] != k|Zg ;f]Wg] OR5f lh1f;f . @= k|Zg ;afn . k[tgf gf)
[;+)] ;]gf kmf}h . k[ys\ lqm) lj) [;+)] != leGg xg] lsl;dn] cnUu 5} . lj) @= leGg c
u 5f] . s0f gf) != ldn]sf JolSt, j:t cflbnfO{ 5fpg] sfd cnucnu agfpg] sfd la5f
8g . @= ljZn]if0f . k[yStf gf) [;+)] k[ys\ jf cnUu xg] l:ylt, u0f jf k|lqmof leGgt
f a]UNofOF . jfb gf) != sg} pkhflt d"nhfltsf aLr kfOg] ;dfgtfnfO{ pk]Iff uL leGg u
0fnfO{ dxj lbP pQm pkhflt g} d"nhflt ePsf] sfdf hf]8 lbg] l;4fGt . @= d"nwd{b]lv
leGg s]xL u0fsf cfwfdf pkwd{nfO{ leGg} dfGotf lbgk5{ eGg] dt . #= sg} klg If]q
df k[ys\ xg rfxg] dt . jfbL lj) != ldn] a;]sfnfO{ km6fpg rfxg] cnUofpg rfxg] . @=
;d"xaf6 km6\g rfxg] cnlUug rfxg] ;uf]nb]lv km6] leGg} xg rfxg] leGgtfjfbL . k[yf g
) [;+)] != kf08sL kTgL kfFr kf08jsL cfdf sGtL . lj) @= 7"nf] hLp ePsL . k[y  lj)
[;+)] != k|z:t k}mlnPsf] kmflsnf] lj:t[t . gf) @= OIjfsj+zsf Ps fhf . #= k[YjLsf]
dflns fhf . sLlt{ lj) 7"nf] sLlt{ ePsf] . k0f{ gf) 7"nf kft xg] Ps jg:klt . d08
!= 7"nf] 6fpsf] ePsf] 3g6fps] . gf) @= 7"nf] 6fpsf] . k[yn  lj) [;+)] != k[y 7"
nf] . @= :y"n df]6f] . t lj) 7"nf]eGbf klg 7"nf] emg\ 7"nf] . td lj) Hofb} 7"nf]
z k[yt  dM emg\ 7"nf]eGbf klg 7"nf] cem emg\ 7"nf] . > k[yn gf) != 7"nf fHosf fhf 7"
f fhf . @= ojfhf c7f jif{ gku; ] Dd /fgLn] k|fKt ug]{ kbjL . k[yn  L gf) lhDa emf
Gg] sfddf cfpg] jg:kltljz]if . k[YjL gf) [;+)] != 9\uf, df6f] cflbn] ag]sf], dgi
oflb hLjhGtsf] a:tL ePsf], ;f}d08nsf] Ps u|x e"ld wtL{ k[lyjL . @= k[YjL, hn, t]h,
jfo cfsfz oL k~r dxfe"tdWo] Ps . #= d[lQsf df6f] . ~ 5Gb gf) hu0f,

#= lx;{n k"j{tflnd . { km{ dv kms]s { f] k"jl{ t dv u]sf] . k"jf{ledv lj) [;+)] k"
t k"jf{Eof; gf) [;+)] != sfd ug{ yfNgeGbf klxn] ulg] cEof; sg} sfdsf] k"j{tofL k"j{
tflnd . @= k"jf{lego . k"jf{lh{t lj) [;+)] klxn] sdfOPsf] klxn] g} pkfh{g ulPsf] (w
g;DklQ, dfgk|lti7f cflb) . k"jf{4{k"jf{w{ gf) [;+)] != sg} sfsf] bO{ afa efudWo] k
xnf] cfwf efu klxnf] cfwf . @= ;\uLtsf cg;f uLtsf :yfoL cGtfsf] klxnf] cfwf efu . k
"jf{jwfgtf gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsfdf ;Defljt xflg gf]S;fgLsf] ljrf uL klxn]b]lv g} l
ngkg]{ ;ts{tf k"j{ ;fjwfgL . @= sg} sfdsfdf xflggf]S;fgLsf] k"jf{{ef; xg]lalQs}
To;sf] f]syfdsf nflu ug{kg]{ ;f]rljrf . k"jf{jZos lj) [;+)] sg} of]hgf jf pBf]uw
Gbf ;? ug{eGbf klxn] cfjZos sg} sfo{ ug{eGbf klxn] cfjZos . k"jf{j:yf gf) [;+)
] != k"jl{ :ylt . @= ;aeGbf klxnf] cj:yf . #= afNofj:yf . k"jf{iff9f gf) [;+)] ;Q
fO; gIfqdWo] Ps aL;f}F gIfq . k"jf{X0f gf) [;+)] k"jf{Xg . > k"jf{lX0fs lj) != lbgs
f] klxnf] efudf ug{kg]{ sfd k"jf{X0fdf ug{kg]{ sfd . @= k"jf{X0f;DaGwL . k"jf{X
g gf) [;+) k"jf{X0f] lbgsf] k|yd cwf{z + lbgsf] k"jf{w{ k"jf{X0f . k"jL{ lj) [;+) k
"jL{o] != k"jk { lsf] k"j{ lbzfsf] k"js { f] k"jL{o . @= Pl;ofnL . ~ uf]nf4{ gf) k|wf
g dWofXg]vfb]lv k"jk { lsf] e"efu . ~ dfbn gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] k"jL{ e]sdf k|rlnt df
bn 7"nf] lsl;dsf] dfbn . k"jL{o lj) [;+)] != k"jk { lsf] k"j{ lbzfsf] k"js { f] . @=
Pl;ofsf] Pl;ofnL . #= eftLo eft]nL . ~ bz{g gf) eftLo bz{g . ~ ;+;f/ gf) Pl;ofnL jf
tLo ;+;f . ~ ;+ : sf gf) Pl;ofnL of eftLo ;+ : sf . ~ ;+:s[lt gf) Pl;ofnL jf eftLo ;
[lt . ~ ;Eotf gf) Pl;ofnL jf eftLo ;Eotf . k"jt {] lj) [;+)] != k"je { Gbf leGg lsl
;dsf] k"je { Gbf afx]ssf] . @= klZrdL . k"jf]S { t lj) [;+)] klxn] elg;s]sf] klxn]
pNn]v eO;s]sf] k"j{slyt . k"jf]Q { lj) [;+)] != k"j{ pQsf] k"j{ pQsf aLrsf] . gf
k"j{ pQsf aLrsf] lbzf O{zfgsf]0f . > k"jf]Q { f gf) O{zfgsf]0f . k"jf]b { fx0f gf)
)] != sg} d2fdfldnfsf ;DaGwdf lbOPsf] jf cFuflnPsf] kl5;Dd pbfx0f jf b[i6fGtsf k
df k|:tt ulg] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] lg0f{o jf sfo{ljlw glh .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k[i6k]h ;u0f, hu0f, ;u0f, ou0f n3 tyf u? xg] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . %= v"a k}mlnPsf]
7"nf] 5ftL ePsf] . ~ sDk gf) eOFrfnf] e}Frfnf] . w lj) != k[YjLnfO{ wf0f ug]{ . @=
xf8 kj{t . gffo0f zfx gf) PsLs[t /fhf cfwlgs g]kfnsf k|yd /fhf a8fdxffh . klt g
[YjLsf] dflns . @= fhf . #= uf]vfsf Ps k|l;4 fhf . ~ k|1f k/:sf gf) efiff, ;flxTo, s
f, ;+:s[lt / 1fglj1fgsf If]qdf dxjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbPsf ;fwsxnfO{ ;dli6ut d"Nof\sgsf
cfwf/df k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps k/:sf/ . ~ d08n gf) != ;Dk"0f{ k[YjLsf] 8Nnf] e"uf]
n e"d08n . @= k[YjLtn . ~ fhdfu{ gf) sf7df8f}Fkf]vf oftfoftsf nflu gf}aL;]b]lv kf]vf;
d hfg] fhdfu{ . ~ jLljqmd gf) lj) ;+) !(#@ df hGd eO{ fhu2Ldf a:g] lj) ;+) !(^* df l
bj\ut xg,] g]kfnsf zfxj+zLo ;ftf}F fhf . k[i6 lj) [;+)] ;f]lwPsf] k|Zg jf ;jfn ulPsf
] . k[i7 gf) [;+)] != zLsf] kl5Nnf] efu 8F8fNg lkl7pF lkl7d . @= k:tssf kGgf jf sfu
sf] Psklsf] efu . #= sg} j:t, JolQm jf sfsf] kl5Nnf] efu . $= sg} j:tsf] dfly
Nnf] efu . ufdL lj) kl5 nfUg] cgofoL . ~ ufog gf) \ud~rdf b]vf gkL kfqkfqxsf lgl
] uLt . b]z gf) != k[i7efu kl5lNtsf] c\u . @= lkl7pF . ~ kf]ifs gf) != sg} sfdsf
{ JolStnfO{ kl5lNtaf6 d2t ug]{ JolSt k5fl8 a;] ;xfotf kofpg] jf xf};nf lbg] JolQm ;x
fos dbtuf . ~ kf]if0f gf) sg} sfdsfdf k5fl8 a;] ;xfotf kofpg] sfd jf k|jl[ Q ;xof
bt . ~ efu gf) != zLsf] kl5Nnf] efu lkl7pF k[i7 . @= sg} klg j:t jf sfsf] kl5Nnf]
fu . e"ld gf) != sg} j:t jf sg} sfsf] d"n cfwf jf e"ldsf . @= kl5lNtsf] hldg . #
= sg} ljz]if 36gf jf sfsf] k :ki6;Fu b]vfpg] To;;Fu ;Da4 klxnf] 36gf jf sf . $=
dv, d"lt{ jf lrq cflbsf] cl3Nnf] efunfO{ :ki6 ufpg sfd lbg] b[Zo, lrq jf j0f{gsf
] efu d"lt{ jf lrqsf] ;aeGbf kl5Nnf] efu . %= c\lst b[Zo jf 36gfsf] cfwf . ^= aGbufx
k5fl8sf] If]q . &= ;xjlklsf] u|fdL0f If]q . j+z gf) d]?b08 ePsf] k|f0fL 9f8 ePsf] k|
0fL . > k[i7f\sg gf) != sg} n]v, kq, wgfb]z, r]s, rnfgL cflbsf kL7df x:tfIf ug]{ s
fd . @= s;};u F s]xL lng] jf s;}nfO{ s]xL lbg] a]xf]fsf] lnlvt cfb]z . #= sg} sf
sf] ;dy{g cflbsf kdf s]xL n]Vg] sfd bkL7 ug]{ sfd sfutsf] k5fl8 ;xL ug]{ sfd . k[i7f\
lst lj) kL7df s]xL n]lvlbPsf] jf x:tfIf ullbPsf] sfut bkL7 ulPsf] sfut . k[i7fj0f g
;Iffsf nflu k:ts cflbdf uftfsf] aflxkl a]lPsf] jf nufOPsf] cfj0f . @= k:ts cflbdf
nufOPsf] lhNb uftf .
800

#= kof{j0f . k[i7fl:y gf) zLsf] kl5lNtsf] xf8 9f8 . k[li7sf gf) != j[QfGtsf] cfwf .
"lt{ jf lrqsf] k[i7e"ld . #= k[i7b]z . $= k[i7e"ld . k] gf) [c\)] tna tnk j]tg . ~ s
ld;g gf) tna;DaGwL k|aGw ug{sf lglDt v8f ePsf] cfof]u . ~ f]n gf) dfl;s tnaljj0f . k]
ls gf) [lrlg)] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] fhwfgL (xfn a]lh) . ~ dfgj gf) k]lseGbf ;QfO; dfO
k x]sf] rf}sl tofg gfds :yfgsf] Pp6f ukmfdf !(@! O:jLdf k|fKt hLjfZdsf] cfwfdf d
fgjzf:qn] dfGotf lbPsf] k|frLg dfgj plQi7jfgsf] lrlgofF k|hflt plQi7jfgsf] hfjfdfgje
Gbf s]xL kl5sf] cj:yf . k]u gf) [c\)] != lXj:sL, a|fG8L cflb k]o kbfy{sf] Ps cNk k
ldf0f . @= ;f] kldf0fsf] S;L gfKg] srf}L Kofnf . k]s \ gf) [;+) eo\s] v]tLsdfO{
g ;f} dl:sn kg]{ eLaf6f] . k]\uOg gf) [c\)] wj | Lo If]qdf kfOg], kfgLdf kf}8gsf n
flu axgfsf kdf sfd lbg] kv]6f ePsf] ;dbd | f cfxff vf]hL vfg], bf}l8g ;Sg] t p8\g
g;Sg] a;]sf a]nf x]bf{ plePsf] h:tf] b]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] rf] . k]r gf) [kmf)] != emGe
m6 av]8f . @= rnfsL w"tt { f . #= 5gs Jo\Uo . $= a]lPsf] 8fF8f] 3dfP s:g] Ps k|sfs
]N;L k]sf] sLnf] . %= leqL j}dg:o uKt if8oGq . ^= sg} 8G8L, sfFrsf] l;;L jf wft
sf] gnLdf l9d|L jf lasf]{ s:gsf lglDt agfOPsf] kmgkmgL 3ds ] f] ]vf ugf . &= s:
tL cflb v]Nbf csf{nfO{ k5fg]{ olSt sg} k|ltlGtfdf csf{nfO{ xfpg] olSt . *= r\uf p8
fP n8fpFbf bO{ kIfsf r\ufsf] wfuf hf]N6fpg] sfd . (= kuLsf] clulNt zf]efsf lglDt hl8
Psf] cfe"if0f sNsL lzk]r . s; gf) k]rsf yfKnfdf k]sf ulxf 7fpFdf wf c8\sfP laF8df
;f] k]rnfO{ d:sfpg] jf v:sfpg] xltof . sf6L gf) k]rsLnf] . lsnf] gf) 6f]kf| ] jf 5
tfdf k]rs; c8fpg] vf]N;f] ePsf] Ps sLnf] . bf lj) != k]r ePsf] k]rjfn . @= Jo
\UofTds
. #= k]lrnf] . kfr gf) != hfnL JolQmsf] sfd hfne]mn e]mnav]8f . @= Jo
\Uof]lQm;lxt lh
l:sg] sfd 5]85f8 5]8k]r . #= k]r . jfn lj) k]rbf . k]rf gf) [;+) k]rs] r]kj ' fdf t]
k]Nbf k'mnf] xfNg] rf]ofsf] kfq 5kgL . k]lrnf] lj) [kmf) k]rOnf]] != k]r ePsf] k]rt
fn . @= rfnafhL ug]{ av]8f ug]{ w"t{ w"t{tfk"0f{ rfnafh . k]rL lj) [kmf) k]rO{] k]r n
fpg] av]8f ug]{ hfne]mn ug]{ e]mnL . k]h gf) [c
\)] != k[i7 . @= kfgf jf kftfsf] b'O{
efusf] s'g}

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict 'Pa'1.p65
801

k]6k]G;g k]6Lsf]6 gf) [c
\)] zLsf leqkl nufOg] hfdfh:tf] hgfgf kf];fs . k]6L3 gf) [k
e{lgf]wsf lglDt :qLsf] u'Ktf
\udf flvg] j:t' 6]kn'K; n'k . k]6Ljfnk]6Ljfnf lj) [k]6L
f] != k]6L c8\sfpg] ;'ljwf ePsf] (KofG6, k|ms O)) . @= s'g} klg k|sfsf] k]6L ePsf
] . #= k]6L nfPsf] jf afFw]sf] . k]6j ' fk]6 ' lj) [k]6pjfpm] v"a vfg'kg]{ vGr'jf l3r
;] l3r'jf . k]6 ] lj) [k]6P] != k]6sf] k]6;DaGwL . @= k]6;Dd dfq cfOk'Ug] (n'uf cflb
) . ~ s'f gf) uf]Ko s'f . k]6G ] 6 gf) [c
\)] != s'g} gofF j:t'sf] pTkfbg jf laqmL ug{
sf nflu ;sfff k|fKt x'g] Psflwsfsf] :jLs[lt . lj) @= To:tf] Psflwsf k|fKt jf lh:68{
t') . k]6] ef]6f] gf) [k]6 ] ef]6f]] afx'nf, k]m cflb gePsf], s'ddf tgf afFlwg] afn
sxn] nufpg] n'uf . k]6f D ] ofS; gf) [c
\)] d}G6f]n d}G6'n . k]6f n ] gf) [c
\)] !=
f]sf lglDt df]6 tyf oGq rnfpg cfjZos zlStsf nflu k|of]u x'g], rfgxdf jf kfgLsf ;txd
f kfOg], k|zf]lwt vlgh t]n oflGqs pks0f rnfpg hldgleqaf6 lgsflnPsf] k|zf]lwt t]n .
@= ;}lgs jf k|xLn] otfplt 3'dL3'dLsg lbg] kxf u:tL . #= To;L lbOg] ;}lgs jf k|xLu:tL
. ~ kDk gf) laqmLljt0fsf nflu kDkdf l8h]n, k]6f n ] cflb flvPsf] :yn . > k]6f l] nod
f) != ck|zf]lwt t]n . lj) @= vlgh, t]n;DaGwL . k]7f] gf) [;+) lki6] != sleG8fsf]
eh  L cflb . @= sleG8f] . k]8f gf) [;+) lkl08sf] e6]sf] vjfdf lrgL ldnfO{ ag
fOg] y]Krf] af6nf] cfsfsf] k|l;4 ld7fO{ . k]b " lj) [;+) kb pm] w]} lxF8] yfs]sf] .
]gL gf) [c\)] sd bfdsf] Ps a]nfOtL db|f k]G; . ~ kf]:6]h gf) != a]nfOtdf kfgf] hdfg
fdf Ps k]gL ltL lr7L k7fpg] ;ljwf . @= ;f] ;dodf a]nfOtdf ePsf] Ps xnfsk|0ffnL
. k]g  k]gf] gf) [c\) lkofgf]] d]rdf a;L bO{ xftn] ahfOg] xfdf]lgodh:tf] tfafhf . k
lGr; gf) [c\) Knfo;{] sg} j:tnfO{ ;dfTg], ;dft] tfGg], s:g] ;fgfltgf tf sf6\g] ;gf
;f]sf cfsfsf] Ps Hofan . k]G6 gf) [c\)] sddlgsf] cjoj uf]8f 9fSg] ;?jfnh:tf] nuf
fOG6 . k]G6fu|fkm gf) [c\)] d"n gS;f jf lrq cflbsf cfwfdf 7"nf] jf ;fgf] cfsfsf] k|l
tlnlk ptfg]{ ;fwg . k]G;g gf) [c\)] ljleGg ;]jfdf x]sf sd{rfLxn] lgwf{lt

Ps efu . k]6 gf) [;+)] != 5ftLb]lv dlg sfvb]lv dflysf] zLsf] efu eF8L . @= vfPsf] j
:t hDdf xg], zLleqsf] y}nL . #= ue{ kf7]3 . $= dg lbn cGtMs0f . %= vf]qmf] j:tsf]
qL efu . ^= y}nL emf]nf . ~ s6fO gf) gdf;Lsg jf vfO{gvfO{sgsf] s]xL sfsf] ;FrfO . @
= k]6bvfO . sf] sf gf) dgsf] sf . sL gf) != k]6 bv] cfpF cflb cfpg] f]u . @=
O . ~ kdfTdfkd]Zj gf) ef]s (Jo\Uofy{df) . kfnf lj) cfk"mn] vfgsf lgldQ dfq sfd ug]
} wGbfdf dfq nfu]sf] . ~ kfnf] gf) k]6 kfNgsf nflu ulg] sfd hLljsf lgjf{x . ~ kmfof]
f) g]kfnL j0f{dfnfsf] km j0f{sf] gfd k]6kmfof] km . ~ af]nL gf) lgj]bgkq, lkmfbkq, k|
tpQkq cflbsf] d"n a]xf]fdf n]lvPsf] sf . ~ dff gf) gvfO{sg klg wg hDdf ug]{ k]6 ef]s
fv] klg wg hDdf ug]{ s[k0f b|Jolkzfr . ~ jfSo gf) k]6af]nL . k]6f] gf) [k]6 c\uL P
9fSg] ef]6f] k]6e ] f]6f] . k]6fgL gf) ulgpF . k]6fL gf) [k]6ff] O{] afF; a]t cflbsf
rf]ofn] ag]sf] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] ;Gb; . k]6f] lj) [k]6 cf]] zL Ps sf] k]6 dfq csf
(afv|f], kf7f] cflb) . k]6ff] gf) [;+) lk6 cff]] afF;, a]t, lgufnf] cflbsf rf]ofn] a
g]sf] 7"nf] lsl;dsf] k]6fL . k]6fxf lj) [k]6 cfxf] != cfgf sf geGg] :jefjsf] k]6df s
fVg ;Sg] 3;3;] . @= dvn] :ki6 s]xL geg] klg csf{sf] senf] lrtfpg] jf ug{ vf]H
g] . #= 7"nf] k]6 ePsf] eF8Ljfn eF8] . k]l6sf gf) [;+)] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] ;Gb; . k
]l6of gf) [k]6 Oof] sg} efbf jf snLg JolQmsf] kljf hLjg wfGg c;dy{ ePdf hLjglgjf{xsf
nflu lbOg] ;sfL hUufhldg vjflatf{ . k]6L gf) [;+)] != Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] ;Gb; ;fgf] k
6ff] k]6fL k]l6sf . [;+) k6 O{] @= hudf kfgL ga;f];\ eGg] p2]Zon] uffsf ;Iffsf nfl
t 3sf jlkl alnof];Fu agfOPsf] cf8 an]gLleq p7fOPsf] l8n . #= dflg;x k}bn lxF8"g\ eGgf
sf nflu ;8ssf 5]pdf s]xL cUnf kf] agfPsf] l8n km6kfy . [k]6 O{] $= sddf afFWg] 5fnf c
flbsf] lkmQf sdk]6L sdaGbL . %= kftnf], r]K6f], afSnf] j:t lkmQf . ^= 3 cflbsf] leQf
f tn dfly cnucnu nufpFbf b]lvg] kf6f . &= ldnsf rSsfnfO{ OlGhg;Fu hf]8L 3dfpg] sf
ddf k|of]u ulg] ;fwg ldnsf] lkmQf (c\) a]N6) .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k]lG;nk]:sL ;do;Dd cljlR5Gg ;]jf uL ljgf vgvf]6 cjsfz k|fKt u]df To:tf sd{rfLnfO{ ;s
f6 jf ;DalGwt lgsfoaf6 lbOg] eQf lgj[lQe0f . jfn gf) k]G;g jf lgj[lQe0f kfpg] uL cjs
zk|fKt sd{rfL lgj[lQe0f kfpg] JolSt lklG;g] . \ fsf] snd l;;fsnd k]lG;n gf) [c\)] l
f n]Vg] 9u lklN; . ~ lxn gf) cfOdfO{n] k|of]u ug]{ rKkn cUnf] tLvf] vf xg] rKkn .
k]lG;lng gf) [c\) k]lgl;lng] zLleq f]u k}bf ug]{ hLjf0fnfO{ gfz ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] cf}i
wL . k]k gf) [c\)] != sfuh sfut . @= cvaf . #= k|Zgkq . $= ;tL{nfO{ sfutdf a]L agfOP
f] Ps k|sfsf] la8L . j]6 gf) sfof{no cflbdf sfutkq gp8"g\ egL lyr] fVg] l;;f, kTy cf
bsf] ux|u F f] ;fwg lyrf}6f] sfut9u \ L. k]o lj) [;+)] != lkpg ;lsg] lkpg xg] lkpg
nfossf] . gf) @= lkOg] (kfgL cflb tn) kbfy{ . k]?\uf] gf) [kl cf]] nfDrf], r]K6f] Kjfn
jf cfFvf ePsf] afF;sf] rf]ofsf] efF8f] tfdf, Rofp, df5f, ;\usf] kf7f] cflb xfNgsf
lglDt k|of]u xg] Ps k|l;4 j:t . k]n \ g ;) lqm) [;+) k| ] 0f > k|f) k]Nn0f] !=
sf]n jf cGo lsl;dsf oGqnfO{ rf}lt 3dfO{ jf lyrL ; jf t]n lgsfNg . @= sf]n cflb oG
qn] v"al;t lgrf]g{ jf lyRg . #= cFr6 ] g \  3r]6g \  7]Ng . $= lyrf]ldrf] ug{
csf] clwsf ldRg] sfd ug{ ank|of]u ug{ . %= g6]g{ . > k]nf gf) sg} sfd rfF8f] ufp
gfsf lglDt ulg] cfu|x jf k| ] 0ff tflstf x6x6L . k]nfO gf) k]Ng] jf k]lng] sfo{ jf
sfo{k0 | ffnL . k]nfOg s) lqm) k]Ng nufOg . k]nfpg k|) ] lqm) k]Ng nufpg . k]n
fx6 gf) k]nfO . k]nfxf lj) k]Ng] :jefj ePsf] k]Ng] vfnsf] . k]lng c) lqm) != k]nfOd
f kg{ . s) lqm) @= k]lnPsf] kflg . k]nj  f lj) != tfdf, lkQn cflb wftnfO{ k]n]
agfOPsf] (kftf) . @= tfdf cflbsf] k]nj  f kftfaf6 agfOPsf] (efF8f]) . #= k]nfxf
. k]jf gf) [;+) k|fKo] sYo) KofjfKofjf] klg . ! nf]Ug], nf]Ug]klsf c+l;of, 3tkm{sf c
gft]bf jf Oi6ldqn] dGhLsf] lnvt ullbPsf] To;af6 a9]a9fPsf] jf dfOtLn] cyjf dfjnLn]
lbPsf] wg bfOhf] . lj) @= lghL JolStut . k]zn lj) [;+)] != sdnf] . @= ;Gb/ . #= r
t/ af7f] . k]lzk]zL gf) [;+)] zLdf xg] df;sf] nf]tf] df;sf] ykf | ] df+;lk08 d
. sf]if gf) rfr?\uLsf] kmn cG8f . ~ ljsf gf) zLsf] df+;k]zLdf xg] sg} k|sfs
df+;k]zL . ~ lj1fg gf) df+;k]zLsf] :jk ;+rgf tyf To;df xg] f]u;DaGwL sfsf] cWoog,
jZn]if0f ug]{ lj1fg df+;k]zL;DaGwL lj1fg .
802

k]if0f gf) [;+)] sg} sfnfO{ lkFw ] kL7f] agfpg] sfd lkFWg] sfd lk:g] sfd r"0f{ jf w
nf] agfpg] lqmof . > k]if0fL gf) gg cflb lkFWg] ;fwg (l;nf}6f], nf]xf]f] cflb) k]
; \ g ;) lqm) [;+) k]if0fkmf) k]z] != k]; ug{ k|:tt ug{ bflvn ug{ . @= xnfsaf6
k7fpg . k]; gf) [kmf) k]z] != sg} JolQm jf c8\8fcbfntsf ;dIf sg} sfuhkq cflb k
|:tt ug]{ sfd clulNt Nofpg] sfd pkl:yt ug]{ sfd . @= hfx] ug]{ sfd hfx]L . lj) #= k]
ulPsf] . k];f gf) [kmf) k]zf] hLjgofkgsf lglDt cFuflnPsf] dVo sfd hLljsfsf lglDt
ulg] sfd Ond, Joj;fo jf pBf]u pBd wGbf . k];fO gf) [ k];\ ( cfO)] k];ufO . [ > ] k];
) lqm) k]; ufOg k]:g nfOg . k];fpg k|) ] lqm) k]; ufpg k]:g nfpg . k];f d"ns lj)
k];fnfO{ d"n sf dfGg] vfnsf] Joj;fok|wfg . k];fjfn lj) [kmf) k]zf jfn] k];]j k];]jf
]l;g s) lqm) [k]; \ O g] != k]; ulg . c) lqm) @= k]; xg . k];L gf) [kmf)] != lg0f
{osf nflu cbfnt;Ddv d2fdfldnf cflb k|:tt ug]{ sfd cbfntdf ;gjfOsf nflu lbPsf
] tflvcg;f d2f l5Gg GofofwLz;dIf k]; ug{ n}hfg] sfo{ . @= sg} sfof{nosf pRrflws
fL sg} ;]gfsf cWoIf jf ;efdv cflbsf ;dIf sg} ;d:of jf k|:tfj lnlvt kdf k] ; ug]
{ sfd k| : t t Ls0f cled v Ls0f ;DdvLs0f . k];j  f lj) [k]; pjf] != k]; ulPsf]
ah{:tL;Fu hLpdf nufOPsf] le8fOPsf] . #= anhkmtL;Fu ;dfj]z k|j]z jf ;lDdlnt u]ufOPsf]
. k];j ] k];j ] f lj) [kmf) k]zj ] ] sg} k];fdf nfu]sf] sg} sfdnfO{ kIfsf kdf cFuf
sg} Joj;fodf ;+nUg Jofj;flos . k]:sL gf) [kmf) k]ZsL] != s;}nfO{ sg} sfd ug{ nuf
pFbf jf sg} j:t lsGg lgZro ubf{ clu|d kdf lbOg] kfl>lds jf d"Nosf] s]xL c+z clu|d
eQmfgL clu|d sd a}gf . @= lgoldt sd{rfLsf kdf jf cGo k|sfn] sfd ug]{ JolQmnfO{ lgwf
lt ;doeGbf klxn] jf sfd ;lsgeGbf klxn] p;n] kl5 kfpg] tna jf kfl>ldssf] c\saf6 sf u
g]{ ;t{df lbOg] clu|d sd . #= a;]sf] jf ePsf] 7fpFeGbf cGoq e|d0fdf hfFbf k|:yfg
uge { Gbf klxn] k7fOg] dfn;fdfg, sd{rfL cflb . ~ vr{ gf) kl5 sfd k]sf a]nfdf vr{ u
g{sf lglDt klxn] g} 5fOPsf] jf lbOPsf] vr{ k]:sLsf kdf :jLs[t ulPsf] vr{ .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
803

k]:s]nk}bn k}hgL gf) [kmf) kfohg O{] :qLhfltn] kfpdf nufpg] ;g, rfFbL cflbsf] uxgf c
fOdfO{n] uf]8fdf nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] l;qmL g"k k}f kfph]a . k}l6g c) lqm) [k|f) ko
yGSofOfv]sf] esfL, sGo", efF8f cflbaf6 wfg, ds} jf crf cflb j:t klxnf] k6s lemlsg
 grnfO{ fv]sf] 7fpFaf6 k};f cflb klxnf] k6s vr{ ug{ lgsflng jf vr{ ug{ ;? xg
. s) lqm) @= yflng . k}6fO gf) k}l6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k}6fOg s) lqm) k}6fpg] sfd
ulg ;? ulg . k}6fpg c) lqm) != vr{ ug{ yfNg pkof]udf cfpg . k|) ] lqm) @= yfNg
nfpg ;? ufpg p7fg ufpg . k}7 gf) [;+) k|lti7] != sg} ux|fF} j:t af]Stf, tfGbf j
f yfKgkbf{ lnOg] cfjZos cf8 . @= ank"j{s k|j]z ug]{ sfd (h:tf] 3;k}7) . #= sg}
j:tnfO{ 7]Ng] jf k]Ng] sfd 3Rof6\g] sfd k]nfO . $= cf8ef];f ;xff . %= v]Ng] vfndf c
ulNt gub gfvL cn] yfxf gkfpg] uL uKt kaf6 n]gb]g uL v]lng] hjf . k}7fL gf) [k}7 c
b]zdf xFb} gePsf jf kof{Kt dfqfdf gePsf dfn;fdfg ljb]zaf6 lemsfpg] sfd ljb]zaf6
cfjZos dfn;fdfg :jb]zdf dufpg] sfd cfoft lgsf;Lsf] pN6f . stf{ gf) ljb]zaf6 :jb]zd
f dfn;fdfg lemsfpg] JolSt dfn;fdfg cfoft ug]{ JolQm . k}l7g c) lqm) [k}7 O g] vfsf]
nn] lyr] sg} j:t leq k:g . > k}7fO gf) k}l7g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k}7fOg s) lqm) k
}l7g] kflg . k}7fpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) k|jz ] ufpg 3;fpg k}l7g] tNofpg . k}7fx
k}7fO . k}tfnf] gf) [;+) kfbtn] hldgdf 6]Sg] vfsf] efu zLsf] ;aeGbf tNnf] efu kfbtn
k}ts [ lj) [;+)] != cfgf] hGdbftf afasf] lktfsf] . @= lkt[;DaGwL . #= lktfkvf{sf
] afaafh]af6 k|fKt kVof}{nL . $= lkt[sf p2]Zon] ulg] (>f4 cflb) . ~ ;DklQ gf) cfgf
lktfkvf{n] cfh]s { f] 5f]fgfltnfO{ pQflwsf kdf k|fKt ;DklQ kVof}{nL ;DklQ . k}tf]
) [;+) kljq] != kljq cyf{t\ l3p xfn] ksfPsf] xgfn] hfteftdf kx]h fVg]sf nflu ;d]t
:jLsf ug{ ldNg] dflgPsf] bfn rf]vf] bfn . @= bfn . k}lQs lj) [;+)] lkQsf] k|sf]kaf6
k}bf ePsf] lkQaf6 ePsf] lkQ;DaGwL . k}bn lj) [;+) kfbtn] != lxF8 ] ofqf ug]{ sg} ;j
fL;fwgsf] pkof]u guL uf]8fn] g} lxF8g \ ] . lqm) lj) @= uf]8fn] vfn] . gf) #= n8fOF
cflbdf hfFbf sg} ;jfLdf uf]8fn] g} lxF8] hfg] ;}lgs jf l;kfxL k}bn lxF8\g] l;kfxL
kbflt . $=

k]:s]n gf) [c\)] ;sfL jf u};sfL ;]jfdf ;+nUg sd{rfLxn] lgwf{lt kdf kfpg] tnasf]
] tnasf kdf kfpg] sdsf] kldf0f j]tgqmd . k]:6 gf) [c\)] ;fgf] 6adf flvPsf], bfFt d
cGo j:t ;kmf ug]{ lunf] j:t . k]:tf gf) [kmf) lk:tM] xlof] sf] ;fgf bfgf xg] vfg
] d;nf . k}r gf) [kmf) k]r] lkmQf, afsn cflbsf] ;'Of] l5fpg 5fnfdf Kjfn kfg]{, k'm
nL ePsf] jf gePsf] Ps xltof . k}r f] gf) lbg]nfO{ vfFrf] k]sf a]nfdf jf ;s]sf a]nfd
f lkmtf{ ug]{ uL 5l5d]sLaf6 s'g} j:t', wg, dfn, >d cflb lng] sfd kl5 lkmtf{ ug]{ uL
s;};Fu lng] jf s;}nfO{ s]xL lbg] sfd P]r F f]kr F} f] ;fk6L . k}8 f gf) [;+) kly6 (
kyL) > k|f) klx8] af6f] ky . k}t f gf) [g]jf)] tfdfsf] cGbfhL tLg lkm6hlt nfdf] af
hf . k}tfln; gf) [;+) k~rrTjfl+zt\] != rfnL; kfFrsf] hf]8af6 ag]sf] ;
\Vof $%sf] c
) @= rfnL; kfFrsf] hf]8afasf] . > k}t fln;f} lj) k}t F fnL;sf ;
\Vofsf] qmd a'emfp
mdcg';f k}t F fnL; ;
\Vofsf] . k}tfnL; gf) x]) k}t F fln; . > k}t fnL;f} F lj) x]) k}
tfln;fF} . k}l t; gf) [;+) k~rlq+zt\] != tL; kfFrsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;
\Vof . lj) @= ;f
] ;
\Vofafasf] . > k}l t;f} k}t F L;sf ;
\Vofsf] qmd a'emfpg] qmdcg';f k}t F L; ;
\
k}t L; gf) x]) k}lF t; . > k}t L;f} F lj) x]) k}Flt;fF} . k}n 6 ] L gf) emG8} gLns
F8fsf hq} t sfF8fljxLg af]6df gLnsfF8fsf hq} gLnf bfgf kmNg] Ps kf]y|f] . k}; lcf}
k};lof} lj) [k}; F Lcf} F of}] F k}; F L ;
\Vofsf] k}; F L ;
\Vofdf kg]{ . k};
fi7L] != ;f7L kfFraf6 aGg] ;
\Vof ^% sf] ;\Vof . lj) @= pSt ;\Vofafasf] . > k};
} lj) x]) k}; F lcf}F kg]{ . k}sf gf) o'4df 7"nf] kfqmd b]vfpg] JolSt dxfg\ of]4f k
nf] . k}sf gf) [kmf)] != gfkmf sdfpg] p2]Zon] ;fgf]ltgf] Jofkfdf wg nufpg] sfd ;fgf]
ltgf] v]nf] ug]{ sfd ;fgf]ltgf] Jofkf ufpF3 jf pTkfbg:ynd} k'uL Jofkfsf] dfn lsg] ;x
f nuL gfkmf ug]{ v'h ' f Jofkf algofFluL v]k'jf Jofkf . @= cGg jf ?lkofFk};f ;fk6L n
fF8 S;L Jofkf uL gfkmf sdfpg] ;fpF ltg]{ sfd . > k}sfL lj) ;fgf]ltgf] JofkfL ;fgf
v]nf] ug]{ k}sf ug]{ . k}sfnf]k}sn ] f] gf) [k}sf cfnf]Pnf]] kfqmdL JolSt z" . k}rf
lxrfg] lrgfL 7DofO .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k}bfkf]v \ g al4rfnsf] v]ndf ;aeGbf ;fgf] uf]6L l;kfxL . k}bf lj) [kmf)] != hGd]sf
] pTkGg ePsf] pTkGg . @= lg:s]sf] k|s6 ePsf] k|s6 . #= 3l6t ePsf] . $= sdfOPsf] cflh{
t . > k}bfO; gf) != hGd lng] lqmof hGd . @= k}bf xg] lqmof pTklQ . k}bfO;L lj) != p
TklQsfnb]lv g} ;Fu} cfPsf] hGdb] l vsf] hGdhft . @= k} b fO;;DaGwL . #= k}bfO;b]l
vsf] . k}bfjf gf) v]tafLaf6 xg] pAhgL afnL pkh . k}bfjfL gf) k}bfjf . k}g! gf) [;
] kfOF, kfOg ths  tfut zlSt tfOFkmfOF . k}g@ gf) [;+) kfgLo] v]tafLdf kfgL nufpgsf
lglDt agfOPsf] snf] gxk|0ffnL u8snf] . > k}gL gf) v]tafLdf kfgL nufpgsf lglDt agfOP
f] snf] k}g u8snf] . k}gL gf) [;) kfgLo] S;L kfbf{ yf]kfyf]kf uL rxfP ;\|u|x ug]
8f] . k}dfO; gf) [kmf) k}dfOz] hUufhldg cflb gfKg] sfd, hUufhldgsf] gfk lng] sfd,
gfkL . k}dfgf gf) [kmf)] != hUufhldg cflbsf] gS;f cflb agfpFbf 7"nf] lj:tfnfO{ ;f
gf] kfg{ lnOPsf] cgkft . @= hUuf hldg cflb gfKg] cf}hf jf ;fwg . #= dfqf kldf0f gfk
. k}of gf) [;+) kfbs] != kfp . @= kf
\u|f] . #= 3f]8fsf] bu'g]{ lsl;d kmb{rfneGbf sd
sbdrfneGbf w]} ultzLn rfn . k}o ' gf) [;+) kBs] ljleGg cfsfsf ljz]if u] ;fgf dl;gf
FtL k]sf kft x'g], ;]tf jf u'nfkmL
sf k"mn k'mNg] ftf, ;fg;fgf vfg x'g] kmn kmNg] e"
h{kqh:tf af]qmf x'g] cf?s} ;d"xsf] j[Ifljz]if . (cfo'jb {] df o;sf] u'0f ;k{sf]
ljifgfzs elgPsf] 5 .) k}jL gf) [kmf)] != d'2fdfldnf cflbdf s'g} Ps kIfsf] ;dy{gdf
ts{ k|:t't ug]{ sfd b'O{ kIfsf aLrdf emu8f x'b F f s'g} kIfsf] ;dy{g u] af]Ng] sfd k
Ifkf]if0fL jsfnt . @= s'g} sfd ;kmn kfg{ ulg] k|oTg . k}fk}L gf) [kocfO{] cfOdfO{n
df nufpg] rfFbLsf] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf k}hgL . k}f] gf) [ klxf]] klxf] k}x|f] . k}n ]
) [ klxn]] klxn] cl3 . k}nf] lj) [ klxnf]] klxnf] k|yd . k}zfr lj) [;+)] lkzfr;DaGwL
zfrh:tf] . ~ ljjfx gf) lgb|fdf k]sL jf xf]; gePsL sGofsf] ckx0f uL jf To:tLsf ;fy ;D
ef]u uL ulg] ljjfx ;gftgL ljlwcg';f cf7 k|sfsf ljjfxdWo] Ps k|sfsf] ljjfx . > k}zflrs
j) != lkzfrsf] lkzfr;DaGwL . @= bfgjLo q"mtfk"0f{ . k}zfrL gf) != k|fs[t efiffsf] Ps
e]b Ps k|sfsf]
804

k|fs[t . @= lkzfr dlxnf . k};f gf) [kf]t) {' kO;f < O6f) lk;f] != d"Nodfgdf ?lkof
Fsf ;o v08sf] Ps v08 d"Nosf] tfdf, lkQn, cfndf]lgod cflb wft'sf] l;Ssf . @= gub
wg ;DklQ . jfn lj) w]} wg ePsf] k|z:t k};f ePsf] wgL . > k}; ] lj) != k};f kg]{ Ps
sf] . k|To) @= ;
\VofjfrL zAbsf] cGTodf hf]lP k};f afasf] eGg] cy{ hfx] ug]{ k|ToowdL{
zAb (h:tf] Psk};, ] b'Ok { ; } ,] tLgk};] cflb) . k}x | g ;) lqm) [;+) klwfg] x]) k
lxg . > k}x|fO gf) k}x|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . k}xf | Og s) lqm) k}x|g nfOg . k}x|
fpg ;) lqm) k}fOlbg . k|]) lqm) k}x|g nfpg . k}xf | ] gf) [klxf]] klxf] k}f] . kf
kf) [k|f) kp < ;+) k|t] sg} zAb jf jfSodf hf]8 lbFbf, lgZrofTds kn] eGbf jf 7Do
fpFbf jfSosf aLrdf jf cGTodf cfpg] zAb . (pbf) sf] x]5 eg]sf] t ltdL kf] x]5f} . 8f
Sg t 8fsFnf, t pgL cfP kf]) . kf]O gf) [;+) klt] klt nf]Ug] . kf]On gf) [;+) klt cfno
<] != cfgf ;+Ifsxff ljlwk"js { sg} j;Fu ljjfx uge { Gbf klxn] ljlwk"js { ljjfxkl
lg ljjflxt kltnfO{ 5f]8L cfk"mv;L cs}{ nf]Ug]dfG5]sL :jf:gL aGg] sfo{ cfgf] kf]O
cfk}mFn] vf]h] hfg] sfd . @= cfk"mv;L vf]h] uPsf] kf]Osf] 3 . #= kltu[x . > kf]On]
lj) lax] guL NofOPsL NofOt] . kf]sf gf) [kf]sf]sf] lt) )] x]) kf]sf] . ~ kf]sL gf) ;f
gf7"nf w]} kf]sf ;fgf7"nf w]} kf]sfxsf] ;d"x . kf]s ] lj) [kf]sf] P] != kf]sf] af]Sg
= kf]sfsf] kf]sf];DaGwL . #= zLdf kf]sf]h:tf] b]lvg] kmsG8f] ePsf] kf]sf] lg:s]sf]
kmf]s] . ~ sf];n ] L gf) kf]sf] kf] NofPsf] sf];n ] L ;fwf0f sf];n ] L . ~ f]u gf) !
s} cflbdf nfUg] f]u sfnLkf]s] . @= ufF8 . #= 6d . ~ j}B gf) ;fydf h8La6Laf6 ag]sf c
f}ifwLxsf] kf]sf] jf kl8of af]s] cfk"mnfO{ 8fSg] f]uLsf 3df uO{ cf}ifwL lbg] j}B s]x
L tNnf] txsf] j}B . ~ kmfOn gf) lnvtxsf] kf]sf] . kf]sf] gf) [;+) kis (n)  emG8} ;f
9] 5 dfgfsf] gfk] sg} j:tx leqkl xfnL emG8fpg xg] kfL sfut jf sk8f a]] agfOPsf] ;
gf] sDnf] ;fgf] u7L . ~ kGtf] gf) ;fgf7"nf kf]sfxsf] ;d"x ;fgf7"nf w]} kf]sf . ~ k
gf) kf]sf]kGtf] . kf]lSsg c) lqm) != ufnf kmnfpg . @= 3dG8n] kmNg . kf]StL gf)
[kf}FtL] Ps k|sfsf] lasf]{jfn 9SsL kf}FtL . kf]v \ g ;) lqm) [;+) k|f]If g] kfgL, c
gfh cflb tn jf r"0f{ j:t eO{+df emg]{ uL vGofpg 5g{ k;ff] kfg{ l5nf] kfg{ .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
805

kf]vkf]8 ] kf]9] kf]6nL gf) [;+)] lbp;f] vfOg] vfhf dWofXgsf] vfhf bf]kx] . kf]6jfn
[kf]6 jfn] wgsa] Psbd wgL k};fjfn . kf]6f! gf) [;+) :km6] Aof8 fv]sf] wfg pld|gnfO{
c\slt xg] cj:yf wfgsf] Aof8df 6;f b]lvg] cj:yf . kf]6f@ gf) [;+)] cf]7df hF3fsf]
]vL a;]sL :qL k?ifsf] nIf0f ePsL :qL . kf]6fO gf) [ kf]6fp ( cfO)] != kf]6f (wfg cfl
bsf]) lg:sg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= cfOdfO{ hF3] xg] lqmofk|lqmof . #= ki6 eP cfpg]
jf kf]l6nf] xg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] kf]6fOg s) lqm) != kf]l6nf] tNofOg . c)
lqm) @= kf]6f lg:sg . #= (cfOdfO{) hF3] xf]Og . kf]6fpg c) lqm) != wfg cflb
kf]l6nf] xg . @= df]6fpg . #= hF3f knfpg (cfOdfO{sf]) . $= bwa ] fnssf] bf
Ft lg:sglg:sg nfUg . %= bfFt lg:sgsf nflu luhf l6ldSs xFb} cfPsf] b]lvg yfNg .
kf]6f; gf) [c\)] != af]6la?jfxsf] vfgLaf6 jf vlgh kbfy{af6 lgsflng] Iff kbfy{ . @= P
s k|sfsf] f;folgs dn . #= kfgLdf xfNbf 3f]lnP ftf] xg] cf]efgf] xFbf sfnf] sf] sL
fgfzs cf}ifwL . kf]6f;L gf) [ef]) a)] != ddrfh:tf] afkmn] kfSgkg]{ vfBnfO{ ksfp
g], kLFwdf Kjfn}Kjfn ePsf], jfik kfssf lglDt k|of]u ulg], df6f] jf wftsf] efF8f]
. @= S;L agfpFbf k|of]u ulg], kLFwdf Kjfn k]sf], df6fsf] efF8f] . kf]l6nf] lj) [;+)
ki6 Onf]] != df]6fPsf] ki6 . @= aLrsf] v08 plS;Psf] k6Ss . kf]6L! gf) [k|f) k] n;
gKofhsf] ufg jf 8Nnf] . kf]6L@ gf) [k7L] a}nuf8L jf fFufuf8Lsf rSsfsf jlkl xg] gN
sL k7L kf]7L . kf]6L# gf) [c\)] 3df ufF;] aflxlt lgsflnPsf], dfly sf};Lh:tf] tnl
f] 3s} efu . kf]6 ] gf) != v;L, af]sf cflbsf] e6jf eF8L . ~ lv gf) b"wdf eft xfn]
sfPsf] vL . ~ b]ptf gf) 9\u]wff], 66Lwff] cflbsf dlGbdf :yfkgf ulg] b]jtfsf] d"lt{
(of] k|foM fhf euLysf] d"lt{ xG5) . ~ wff] gf) af6fdf cfjthfjt ug]{ a6jfxn] kfgL vf
pmg\ egL agfOPsf] 66Lwff] . kf]l7of gf)x]) kl7of . kf]7L gf) [k7L] != uf8fsf] kf\
u|fjlklsf] v08j[Qfsf sf7sf luF8NsfdWo] sg} Ps gnsL k7L kf]6L . @= sTn] df5f] kf]y
f5f] . kf]8 ] kf]9 ] gf) [g]jf)] g]jfhfltsf] Pp6f lgDgju{ kmf]xd}nf cflb ;kmf ug]{ hf
t rf08fnsf] Ps e]b b]pnf . ~ dn gf) uxsf] dn .

kf]v gf) [kf]v\ c] != kf]Vg] sfd cf]OfO . [kf]rf]] lj) @= 2L . gf) #= glgnf] df6f] eP
sf]n] af]6la?jfx gpd|g] hldg pmif hldg . 9f]n gf) != kf]Vg] 9f]Ng] sfd . lj) @= kf]
vPsf] 9f]lnPsf] . kf]vg9f]ng gf) [ kf]v9f]n] kf]lvPsf] j:t . { bsf kdf kf]v gf) [;+)
kis] != kf]vL (;df;sf] k"jk k|oS  t, h:t} kf]vd"n, kf]vkfg] cflb) . @= kf]vLlgs6sf]
a:tL kf]vf . d"n x]) kisd"n sdnsf] hf . kf]vf gf) [;+) kis] != g]kfnsf] u08sL
t sf:sL lhNnfdf kg]{, jlkl ;Gb tfnx ePsf] lxdz[\vnfff ;Gb b]lvg] ;x u08sL c~rns
d . @= 7"nf] kf]vL tnfp . #= tfn jf kf]vLlgs6sf] a:tL kf]v . kf]vL gf) [;+) kisl0f
fp hnfzo . kf]vf] gf) [kf]vL] != ;fgf]ltgf] hnfzo ;fgf] kf]vL . @= ulxf] hUuf . kf]v
) [;+) k"hfIft > k|f) k" cfSvc n] != ljleGg b]jb]jLsf k"hfcfhfdf nlug] w"kcIftf k"h
f;fdu|L . @= d7L rfdn . kf]vfO gf) [ kf]v\ ( cfO)] kf]Vg] jf kf]lvg] lqmofk|lqmof .
[ > ] kf]vfOg s) lqm) kf]lvg] tNofOg . kf]vfpg k|) ] lqm) kf]Vg nfpg kf]lvg]
tNofpg . kf]lvg s) lqm) != kf]vfOdf kflg . c) lqm) @= kf]vfOdf kg{ 9f]lng . #
= l5lng 5lg . kf]Vt lj) [kmf) kVt] != sg} sfdsf ug{ jf eGgdf rt lgk0f bIf .
ejL l;kfn szn . #= kSsf b[9 alnof] . kf]u6f] gf) [ku6f]] leq vfnL eP jf ;s] :ofK
sf] wfg leq rfdn gePsf] ;]k|f] wfg kmf];|f] wfg ku6f] . kf]\uf gf) [g]jf)] ems] ahfO
] k}Ftfh:t} Ps k|sfsf] afhf . kf]r gf) [c\)] svf cflbsf] kmn kmf]L To;leqsf] kx]Fn
f] kbfy{ ;Un} xg] uL l3pt]ndf ksfOPsf] vfB kbfy{ . kf]rL lj) ufnf eSs k]sL (s]6L) .
kf]6 gf) [k|f) kf]] lqkf;f, kRrL; cflb v]ndf PsnfO{ aemfpg] zAb Ps kmL . afx| gf)
= bO{ kf;fdf 5Ssf, 5Ssf Ps kf;fdf kf]6 kbf{ xg] bfp kf}kf]6afx| kf} afx| . @= eg]s
f] h:tf] xg] lqmof OR5fl;l4, 7"nf] ;kmntf ;q . kf]6L gf) [;+) kf]nL] ;fgf] kf]sf] u
kf]6lnsf gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] kf]sf] kGtf] s6f] . @= hf}, ;:o",{F ;jf}i { fwL , gLd
cflb xfn]sf], hGdf]T;jdf xftdf afFlwg] kf]sf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kf]t \ gkf]of] kf]t\g ;) lqm) [k|f) kt\ g] != uf]a, df6f] cflb ld;fP 3sf] rnf],
], dem]L cflb lnKg . @= lunf] jf n];fOnf] kbfy{ c j:tdfly nufpg . #= lje"lt, rG
bg cflb a];L bNg jf yf]kg{ . $= kf]tg{ . kf]t! gf) [;+)] != lzz aRrf] . @= 8\uf
gfp . #= sk8f aGbf wfufsf] lsl;d, agf]6 cflbsf lx;fan] sk8fsf] eOs +{ f] lrNn
f]kg Psgf;]kg . $= hldg kf]Tg] lqmof jf k|lqmof kf]tfO . kf]t@ gf) [kmf) kf]t] hUu
fwgLn] ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{ s hUufsf] s ltf] st . kf]tkft gf) [kf]t\ c (l))] lnKg]
kf]t lnknfk . kf]t latf{ gf) [kf]t latf{] latf{ pGd"ng P]g nfu" xgeGbf klxn] ljleG
g k|sfsf latf{dWo] s]xL kf]tsd ;sfnfO{ aemfO{ vfg kfpg] uL lbOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] latf{
+lzs kf]t ltg{kg]{ latf{ hUuf kf]tflatf{ . kf]t\g ;) lqm) [kf]t\ c\ g] lunf] jf n]:
nf] kbfy{ hyfefaL bNg lnKg 3:g gfd|f] b]lvg] uL ntkTofpg . > kf]tfO gf) kf]tg]{
ofk|lqmof . kf]tfOg s) lqm) kf]tg{ nfOg . kf]tfpg k|]) lqm) kf]tg{ nfpg . kf]tjf
f) [;+)] 8u \ f lvofP hLljsf ug]{ JolSt dfemL . kf]tf gf) [kmf) kf]t] kf]t ltf] . ~
8\8f gf) != latf{ky | fsf] k|rng ePsf a]nfdf latf{ hUufsf] dfnkf]t c;n ug]{ sfof
{no . @= kf]tflatf{sf] dfnkf]t sfof{no . kf]tfO gf) [ kf]t\ ( cfO+] kf]Tg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kf]tfOg s) lqm) kf]Tg nfOg . kf]tfpg k|) ] lqm) kf]Tg nfpg
 . kf]tf latf{ gf) [kf]tf latf{] s]xL dfqfdf e"lds lt] ef]urng ulg] hUuf yf]} dfq k
nfu]sf] latf{ hUuf . kf]tfLkf]tff] gf) [kf]tf] cfLcff]] rnf], b}nf], de]mL cflb kf
glDt uf]a, df6f] cflb ldnfP flvg] efF8f] kf]tf] fVg] cfL . kf]tfnf gf) nf;fdf /x]sf]
fO nfdfsf] Oltxf;k|l;4 bjf . kf]ltg s) lqm) [kf]t \ O g] kf]Tg] sfd ulg lnlkg l
. kf]t ] gf) [k|f) kf]tf] != ljleGg sf sfFrsf ;;fgf bfgfnfO{ wfuf]df pg] agfOPsf], ;
wjf :qLn] 3fF6Ldf nfpg] ;f}efUo;"rs dfnf . @= 8f]sf]sf] la6 gcfOkUb} cyf{t\ la6
dfg{eGbf klxNo}, 8f]sf]nfO{ alnof] kfg]{, fd|f] klg ufpg] p2]Zon] 7Ls 8f]sfsf] 3
fF6L eGg ;xfpg] 7fpFdf afSnf] lsl;dn] jlkl algg] dfNofsf af . #= kf]td ] fnf agfp
g] sfFrsf s0fx . ~ u]8 ] gf) ;]tf] kf]ts ] f bfgfh:tf] ;fgf ;fgf bfgf xg] Ps k|sfsf
] dn olof . ~ dfnf gf) kf]t]sf s0fff agfOg] dfnf kf]t] .
806

kf]t]nf gf) [;+) k6 Pnf] v]tafLsf sfGnf eTsL jf c sg} sf0fjz sfGnfdlg lg:s]sf] hldg
]tafLsf] sfGnfdlgsf] hldg . kf]t]nf] gf) gf} ld6hlt cUnf] af]6 xg], v}f af]qmf xg
], ghflgFbf] l8Dafsf dfnfsfsf xlof kft xg,] af:gfbf kx]n F f] emKkfdf kmNg], kfs]
kl5 sfnf] kmn nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] ;bfaxf j[Ifljz]if . (cfoj]{bdf o;sf] kmn rd{f]unfO{
gfz ug]{ dflgPsf] 5) . kf]tf] gf) [kf]t cf]] != rnf], b}nf], de]mL cflb kf]Tg] nF
8f] kf]Tg] emd|f] . @= kf]t]sf 7fpFdf b]lvg] cw{j[Qfsf ]vf kf]t]sf] 8f]a . #= bO{d
v] rnfsf] aLrsf] efu kf}8f] . $= dvdf a;]sf] rfofsf] sfnf] bfu . kf]yf] gf) [kf]
y|f] ] != dfG5] r9\bf yfDg g;Sg] cj:yfsf] ;Nnf] cflb vsf] ;fgf]] af]6 jf n\uf] . @
= kf]y|f] . kf]yL! gf) [k|f) kf]lTycf] k:ts lstfa . kf]yL@ gf) [;+) kf]t :qL > k|f
) kf]cTyL] != kz jf kIfLsf :qLhflt :qL kzkIfL . @= :qLhflt . lj) #= dftf xg] hfts
L . $= kmn nfUg] hftsf] (sfkmn, cf]v, d]jf cflb) . ~ rfk gf) 7"nf] v, nfDrf kft x'g]
u]8f kmNg] rfFksf] Ps hft Ps k|sfsf] rfFk . ~ bdfxf gf) ahfpFbf s]xL ;fgf] cfjfh l
g:sg] Ps lsl;dsf] bdfxf ;fgf] guf . ~ af; gf) uf]nfOsf] k]mf] df]6f] x'g] t leqsf] Kj
nb]lv aflxsf] df]6fO afSnf] x'g,] j+znf]rg xg], xlof]df kf6]kf6] v}f]kg ldl;Psf kft
x'g] Ps hftsf] afF; afF;sf] Ps e]b . ~ df5f] gf) sTn] df5f] kf]7L . ~ dfbn gf) ahfpF
bf tLvf] :j lg:sg] ;fgf] 5ltf] dfbn klZrd] dfbn . ~ af:g' 6') :qLsf] x}sd rNg' . kf]
y|f gf) [kf]y|f]] != ;Gtfg . @= ;fgf] v kf]y|f] . kf]yL | gf) != ;fgf7"nf w]} kf]yf
sf] ;d"x a6fg . @= s]6fs]6L . kf]yf | ] gf) [;+) kf]ts] ;fgf], dfG5] r9\bf yfDg g;
Sg]h:tf] vsf] ln\uf] ;fgf] v . kf]g gf) [ef]) a)] lxdfn ef]6df af}4 wd{n] k|jz ] u
{ Gbf k"j{ tGqdGq, emfk[ms cflbdf cfl>t Ps cflbd wd{ af]g . kf]k gf) [c\)] O;fO{ wd
{sf k|wfg u? lqml:rog wd{sf dVo cfrfo{ . kf]kltof gf) lxpF kUn]sf df};ddf ef]6 g
]kfnsf aLr cfjfudg ug]{ Ps af6f] c?0fk|j]z dfu{ . kf]oe ] fp gf) [kltefj] uf]7fnfxn]
jf 3fF;, bfpf sf6\g hfg] l76fxn] ;jfnhafkmsf kdf ug]{ cZnLn 7f . (pbf) jflsf] 9\uf
fl kofO{, t]f] afanfO{ hf]uL tNofO{) . kf]of] gf)x]) kof] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
807

kf]f]kf];fO kf]nf]$ gf) [c\)] xfQL jf 3f]8fdf r9] v]lng] v]nljz]if . kf]lN6g c) lqm
kf]N6f] O g] s]xL j:t kf]N6fdf kg{ . kf]N6L kmfd{ gf) [c\)] svf, xfF; cflb 3kfnf
fNg] 7fpF . kf]N6f] gf) [;+) kn6] s]xL kf]sf] kfg]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] bf}f, k6sf
cflbsf] k]mf] . kf]N6fO gf) [ kf]lN6 ( ofO)] kf]lN6g] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] kf]N
6fOg s) lqm) kf]N6f]df xflng kf]N6f]df sg} j:t elg kf]N6f] elg . kf]N6fpg ;)
|) ] lqm) kf]N6fdf xfNg kf]N6f] eg{ jf eg{ nufpg . kf]z gf) [kmf)] x]) kf]; . k
f]if gf) [;+)] != kfngkf]if0f ug]{ sfd kf]:g] sfd kf];fO . @= kli6 k:6fOF . #= tfut
a9fpg] jf ki6 agfpg] cf}ifwL . $= tfut . kf]ifs lj) [;+)] != kfngkf]if0f ug]{ df]
6f], alnof] agfpg] ki6 agfpg] . @= ;xfotf kofpg] ;xfos . gf) #= cfk"mdf cfl>t hLj
nfO{ kf]l;nf] kbfy{ k|bfg ug]{ k|f0fL jf jg:klt . ~ b|Jo gf) zLnfO{ df]6f]3f6f] agf
pg] kbfy{ kf]l;nf] kbfy{ . kf]if0f gf) [;+)] :jf:Yok|b ef]hg cGo ;v;ljwf k|bfg u]
cfgGbk"j{s hLjg latfpg s;}nfO{ ;xfotf kofpg] sfd kfng ug]{ sfd kf]:g] sfd . ~ lj1f
g gf) kf]if0f jf kf} l i6s t j;DaGwL s fsf] cWoog ug] { lj1fg . > kf]if0ffefj gf)
!= zLnfO{ df]6f], alnof] agfpg] kf}li6s tj jf kf}li6s ef]hgsf] sdL . @= To:tf] sdL
n] xg] f]u skf]if0f . kf]lift lj) != kf]if0f ulPsf] kflnPsf] . gf) @= kf>oL hLjhGt
fO{ ;xff lbO{ arfpg] hLj jf jg:klt . kf]io lj) [;+)] != kf]if0f ug{kg]{ kf]if0f ug
{ of]Uo kf]if0f ug{ nfos . @= kf]:g ;lsg] . ~ kq gf) cfk"maf6 hGd]sf] 5f]f] geP kl
g 5f]f;dfg uL kfngkf]if0f ulPsf] JolSt wd{kq  . ~ ju{ gf) cfk"mn] kfngkf]if0f ugk {
g]{ dflg;xsf] ;d"x (gf]srfs, 5f]f5f]L cflb) . kf]; \ g ;) lqm) [;+) kif\ g] != d
JolStnfO{ wgdfn cflb v"a lbg . @= kfngkf]if0f ug{ kfNg . #= x[i6ki6 kfg{ df]
6f], alnof] kfg{ . kf];! gf) [kmf) kf]z] sg} sf 9fSg jf 5f]Kgsf nflu k|of]u ulg]
nuf, 5fnf cflbaf6 ag]sf] j:t . (h:tf] lzkf];, kfpkf]; cflb) . kf];@ gf) [;+) kf]
if] != kf]if kf]if0f . @= tfut . kf];fO gf) [ kf];\ ( cfO)] kf]:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] kf];fOg s) lqm) kf]:g nfOg kf]l;nf] kflg . kf];fpg k|) ] lqm) kf]:g nfpg
kf]l;nf] kfg{ .

kf]f] gf) != rfkf6f k]sf], dYg], dwfgLsf] tNnf] efu . @= gfssf bfofFafofFsf Kjfn gfss
bO{ Kjfn kmf]/f] . kf]tu { fn gf) [c\)] of]kdf x]sf] Ps b]z . > kf]tu { fnL lj) !=
kf]t{ufn;DaGwL kf]t{ufnsf] . gf) @= kf]t{ufnsf] hflt jf efiff . kf];f]{ gf) [;+) k
Lif] dn k;L{ uf]a . kf]n\g ;) lqm) [;+) Knif\ g] != sg} JolSt jf j:tnfO{ cfuf]
fd cflbn] hnfpg 89fpg . @= cfuf]df xfn] ksfpg . #= csf{sf] uf]Ko sf vf]Ng . $=
sg} cleoStn] dltofxnfO{ jf cGo s;bfxnfO{ jf a]s;sf dfG5]xnfO{ ;d]t ckfwL b]vfp
df d5\g . %= csf] rSnL nufpg . c) lqm) ^= lkf] jf To:t} HjngzLn kbfy{ kL zLsf] s
g} efudf kL8f pTkGg xg eafpg 6fpg . &= Hjf] cflbn] zLdf tfk cgej xg . *= dgdf
Gtf kg{ . kf]n! gf) [c\)] 6]lnkmf]g, lahnL cflbsf] tf fVgsf nflu ufl8Psf] vDaf . k
f]n@ gf) [;+) kn] wfgL{sf gfksf] ;a}eGbf tnsf] tf}n Ps wfgL{sf] rf};L efu nufpFbf x
g] Ps efuafasf] kldf0f . kf]n# gf) [kf]n\ c] != sg} cleoStn] dltofxnfO{ jf cGo s;
a]s; JolQmnfO{ b]vfpg] sfd . @= csf{sf] leqL sf vf]Ng] sfd . #= rSnL nfpg] sfd
rSnL . kf]nkfn gf) [kf]n\ c (l))] != sg} j:tnfO{ cfuf]df kf]Ng] sfd 89fpg] sfd . @
= csf{sf] kf]n nufpg] sfd . kf]nf! gf) [kf]nf] cf] cf]vsf] leqklsf] efu cf]vsf] ubL .
kf]nf@ gf) [kf]nf] cf] != dfxL, clFufn cflbsf] ayfg . @= dfxL cflbsf] uf]nf] jf uF8
. kf]nfO gf) [ kf]n\ ( cfO)] kf]Ng] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] kf]nfOg s) lqm) kf]
lng] tNofOg . kf]nfpg k|) ] lqm) kf]Ng nfpg . kf]nfx6 gf) kf]nfO . kf]nfxf lj)
!= csf{sf] kf]n nfpg] rSnL nfpg] rSnLvf] 5Nofxf . @= ePgePsf] s;df csf{nfO{ d5\g
:jefjsf] csf{sf] ph ug]{ jf kf]n nufpg] . kf]lng s) lqm) kf]Ng] sfd ulg . kf]ln:
6 gf) [c\)] l;Gy]l6s jf ah:tf] kUng] tjldl>t wfuf]af6 tof ulPsf] sf]6, kfOG6, sldh
f lglDt pkof]uL sk8f . kf]nf]! gf) [kmf) knfj] ltxg, tsfL cflb dL7f] kfg{ rfdn;d]
t ld;fO{ lkFlwPsf] d;nf . kf]nf]@ gf) [ kf]n\ cf]] != sfdsfhsf] kL . @= r6ff] . kf]nf]
# gf) [;) k"n] cl\ufn, dfxL cflbn] agfPsf] uF8 jf uf]nf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

kf];fskf}8f] kf];fs gf) [kmf) kf]zfs] nuf klxg . vfgf gf) ;}lgs k|xLxsf kf];fs
7fpF kf];fs fVg] 3 . ~ 3 gf) kf];fsvfgf . > kf];fs] gf) != rflxPsf] a]nfdf kf];fs cl
lNt NofP flvlbg] jf kf];fs klxfpg] JolSt . @= kf];fs;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolSt . lj) #= k
f];fssf] kf];fs;DaGwL . kf]l;g s) lqm) [ kf];\ O g] != kf];fO k|fKt ulg . ;) lqm) @=
kfngkf]if0f ulg kflng . kf]l;nf] lj) [;+) kf]if Onf]] zLnfO{ x[i6ki6 agfpg] df]6f]
lnof] agfpg] tfut lbg] kf}li6s . kf]:6 gf) [c\)] != xnfs . @= kb bhf{ . #= vfFaf] .
$= rf}sL . ~ clkm; gf) xnfs xnfs3 8fs3 8fsvfgf . sf8{ gf) afSnf], nfDrf], rf s
, lr7L n]Vg] sf8{ lr7Lkq n]Vg] sf8{ 6f9f6f9f k7fpg] lgDtf], zesfdgfkq cflb . ~ u|h
P6Uo|fhP6 lj) :gfts eO;s]sf] :gftsf]Q . ~ aS; gf) xnfsff k7fpgkg]{ lr7L v;fNgsf
Dt flvPsf] afs; kqd~h"iff . df6{d gf) eljtJo jf st{Jon] s;}sf] z\sf:kb d[To ePdf jf
sf]xL JolSt b3{6gfdf kL d]df 8fS6xff dg]{sf] nf; hfFRg] sfd nf;hfFr . ~ df:6 gf)
fsf] xflsd kf]:6clkm;sf] dVo sd{rfL . ~ Dofg gf) xnfsL xNsff] . kf]:6 gf) [c\)] ;
f0fsf] hfgsfLsf nflu gff, dfu cflb 7"n7"nf cIfdf n]vL cfjZostfcg;f lrq ;d]t agfO{ le
Qf cflbdf 6fFl;g] kq Ps k|sfsf] lj1fkgkq leQ] k|rfkq . kf]:6frfo{ gf) [c\) kf]:6 ;+)
fo{] cfrfo{ kLIff pQL0f{ u]kl5 tLg jif{;Dd cWoog uL ljlzi6 kLIff pQL0f{ eP kfOg] Ps p
kflw . kf]:t gf) [kmf) kf]Zt bfgf] clkmdsf] kmn v;v;sf] bfgf . kf]:ts gf) [;+) k:ts]
x]) k:ts . kf]:tf gf) [kmf) kf]Zt] clkmd . kf]l:tg gf) k:tssf] leqL k[i7fj0f;Fu
6fFl;P x]sf] vfnL kfgf . kf]:tL gf) [kmf) kZtL] != vf]hs ] f a]nfdf kfOg] uL fd|fl]
;t ldnfP ldl;n fVg] sfd (kmfOnl;:6d) . @= ldl;nleq x]sf sfutsf] ljifo vf]nL 9sgsf ks
f flvPsf] sfut ldl;n;"rL kl~hsf . #= jfbLk|ltjfbLsf gfpF, y, jtg d2fbfoL cflbsf] a]
f]f aflxaf6} b]lvg] uL n]lvPsf] ldl;ns} aflxkl xg] sfut k:tL . kf]:ofO gf) [ kf];
kf]:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kf]:ofOg s) lqm) kf]:g nufOg kf]l;nf] tNofOg
. kf]:ofpg k|]) lqm) != kf]:g nfpg . ;) lqm) @= kf]l;nf] tNofpg .
808

kf]x6f gf) x]) kj6f . kf]xkf]xf] gf) [;+) kf]tk?t\] != uP;fn cl3Nnf] jif{ Ps jif{kl
] jif{ ut jif{ . lqm) lj) @= kf]xf] ut jif{df . kf]xf]f] gf) [;+) kf]t] svfsf] sf]
kf]yL kmn kfg]{ a]nfsf] svf] . kf} gf) [g]jf)] lkf], cldnf] g'lgnf] jf u'lnof] :j
b x'g,] s]xL ftf] jf s]xL sfnf] df8fh:tf] vfg]s'f] df8fsf] ljz]if k|sf . F ] != kx'r
F k'ufO . @= zlSt . > kf}r g' c) kf}r gf) [kx'r lqm) tfs]sf 7fpFdf k'Ug' ;fd]n x
g' . gfdf gf) kx'r F gfd . ~ kf}r fO gf) kf}r F g] jf kf}r F fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . ~
kf}r fOg' s) lqm) kf}r F g] kflg' . ~ kf}rfpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) k'ofpg' ;fd]n u
kf}h f gf) [kGhf] kGhf (;f]emf cf}Fnf;lxtsf] xTs]nf] jf g
\uf | ;lxtsf] d'7L) na6f]
. k'mnfO gf) s'6g \ jf emD6g kf}Fhf blx|nf kf] lkmFhfpg] sfd . kf}7 f! gf) [;+) k[i
] laofpg] ufO{e}F;Lsf kR5sf k]mbsf bOk { l p7]sf] df+;n efu jf nf]nf . ~ a;fO gf)
glaofpFb} t laofpg] ;do glhs cfO;s]kl5 ufO{e}F;L cflb :qL kzsf kR5sf k]mbdf bj}lt
ulxf] xFb} hfg] cj:yf . kf}7 f@ gf) [kf}F7f]cf] b'O{ xftsf gfL kfv'f dl0faGw . ~
) k:kdf xftsf gfL ;dft] tfGb} an b]vfpg] k|lqmof . kf}7 ] lj) [kf}7 F f]P] kf}7 F f
aGwL . ~ hf]L gf) Pp6fn] csf{sf] gfL cF7fpFb} an k|bz{gsf nflu v]lng] b'O{ hgfsf] v]
n kf}7 F fhf]L . kf}7 f] gf) [k|f) kcf]f], kjf] < ;+) k|sf]i7] gfL kfv'f] afx' .
f) [;+) kf}u08] != glaofPsf] e}F;L yff] e}F;L . @= as]gf]{ kf8f] . kf}t L gf) lasf]
{ x'g] Ps k|sfsf] 9SsL . kf}u08 gf) [;+)] != afnaflnsfsf] kfFrb]lv b; jif{;Ddsf] p
d] . lj) @= kfFr jif{b]lv b; jif{;Ddsf pd]sf] . kf}8g' c) lqm) [;+) Knj6 (Knjg)g'] !
= g8'Agsf nflu xftuf]8f rfn] kfgLdf v]Ng kfgLdf xftuf]8fn] lvofpg . @= sf7 cflb j
:t kfgLdf pq] aUg . > kf}8fO gf) kf}8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kf}8fOg s) lqm) kf}8g
nfOg kf}8g] kflg . kf}8fpg k|) ] lqm) kf}8g nfpg kf}8g] kfg{ . kf}l8g c) lqm)
!= kf}8g . @= kf}8g] xf]Og . kf}8L gf) kfgLdf xftuf]8f rfn] t}lFb} v]lng] v]n hnqm
L8f kf}/L . afh gf) kf}8L v]Ng l;kfn dfG5] . kf}8f] gf) bO{dv] rnfsf aLrsf] efu
kf]tf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
809

kf}qKofls; ulg] sf7sf] 6qmf] jf ahf] efF8fsf] dv jf l5b| yGg] 7]8L . kf}jf! gf)
[;+) kfbsf] vf6, 6f}jf, 7fF6L, rf}sL cflbsf] vf . kf}jf@ gf) [k|f) kjf{ > ;+) k|
kf] != a6jfxsf nflu kfgLsf] ;d]t k|aGw ePsf] kf6L kfgLozfnf kf}zfnf . @= 7fF6L 6xf]
d{zfnf . > kf}jfnL gf) != kf}jfsf] x]ljrf jf ;+If0f ug]{ JolQm kf}zfnfsf] Ifs . @= kf
jf jf To;sf 5]p5fpdf af; ug]{ JolQm . kf}zfnf gf) [;+) kfgLozfnf] kfgL3 kfgLzfnf kFb
]] 3 5fk|] sjf . kf}if gf) [;+)] ;f} df;cg;f d\l; df3sf aLrdf kg]{ dlxgf k; .
lj) != kf}if dlxgfdf kg]{ . @= kf}if;DaGwL k;sf] . kf}li6s lj) [;+)] != zLnfO{ df]6
f], alnof] agfpg] kli6sfs zlStjw{s . gf) @= ki6 kfg]{ sfd kli6sfs sd{ . Kof lqm)
[c) d")] ;gxL cflb afhf ahfpFbfsf] em}F zAb lg:sg] uL (k|foM s]6fs]6Lsf ?jfOsf cg
s0fdf k|of]u xg]) . Kof gf) != afhf (afnaf]nLdf) . lqm) lj) @= nuftf KofF Wjlg pTk
Gg u] . KofO gf) [ Ko" (cfO)] Ko"g] lqmof jf k|lqmof lkofO . [ > ] KofOg' c) lqm) !=
fpg] xf]Og' . s) lqm) @= lkofOg' . Kofpg' k|]) lqm) lkofpg' . KofpL gf) [;+) lkss'n
L] KofpKofp u] sfpg] Ps hftsf] kIfL . KofpnL gf) [;+) kNnjL] ;fwf0f, bfFtL gk]sf kft
'g], kx]n F f] k"mn k'mNg] a'6f] jf To;}sf] k"mn . (pbf) PSnf] sf]dn KofpnL s';d
' of] PSnf;df k'mNg Bf} . dfwj l3ld], fh]ZjL) . Kofpnf] lj) != lknGw/] . @= nfl8g] :j
efjsf] k'nk'lnPsf] nf8] . gf) #= k'nk'Nofpg] gLlt . [;+) kfgu[x] $= udL{df a6'jfxnf
O{ kfgL, ;a{t cflb l;Q}Fdf v'jfpg] 7fpF . Kofs gf) [c
\)] s'g} j:t' jf dfntfn cflbn
fO{ cGoq sxLF k7fpg jf ;'Iff;fy fVgsf lglDt efF8f]df xfnL aGb ug]{ sfd . KofsKofs l
qm) lj) [c) d") Kofs\c (l))] != dg]{ a]nfdf d'v afpg] uL . @= vfg gkfP dg]{ l:yltdf
k'Ug] lsl;dn] . #= s'g} j:t'sf] vfFrf] eP ufx|f];fFuf] k}bf xg] uL . lj) $= To;L d
v afPsf], d]sf] jf vfFrf] k]sf] . gf) %= To;L afpg], dg]{ jf vfFrf] kg]{ lqmofk|lqm
of . > KofsKofstLKofsKofsL lqm) lj) cem} KofsKofs xg] uL . Kofls; gf) [c\)] != sg}
j:t dfntfn cflbnfO{ rngrNtLdf gNofpg] uL yGSofP fVg] sfd . @= sg}

kf}q gf) [;+)] != 5f]fsf] 5f]f] gflt . lj) @= 5f]fsf] 5f]f;DaGwL . > kf}qL gf) 5f]
gfltgL . kf}g gf) [;+) kjg] != k|f0fjfo ;f; . @= Zjf;k|lqmof .  L] kxg  L kxG 
sL . kft gf) kxGsLsf kf}gL gf) [ kxg kdf kfOg] j:t kxGsLkft . kf}gL;fk gf)
sfsf] ;fFk l;l;] . kf}g ] lj) [k|f) kfP0f > ;+) kfb]g] != s'g} ;
\Vof jf kldf0fsf] rf
udWo] tLg efu dfq ePsf] . gf) @= rf v08sf] tLg v08 tLgrf}yfO{ . kf}af gf) [g]jf) kf
}jf] sfut, sk8f cflbdf b]jb]jLxsf lrq n]lvPsf] k|frLg z}nLsf] lrqk6 yf
\sf . kf}afx|
gf) x]) kf]6afx| . kf} lj) [;+)] != gudf x'g] jf a:g] gu;DaGwL gusf] . gf) @= gulgj
lof gfuls . kf}v gf) [;+) kf}?if] != kf}?if k'?iffy{ . @= sdfO cfh{g . > kf}vL lj)
iffyL{ . @= pBdL Joj;foL sdfpg] . kf}VofO gf) != kf}vsf] efj . @= k'?iffy{ kf}v . k
j) [;+)] x]) k"jL{o . kf}fl0fs lj) [;+)] != k'f0fdf ePsf] k'f0fsf] k'f0f;DaGwL . @=
rLg sfnsf] k'fgf] ;dosf] . gf) #= k'f0f eGg hfGg] dfG5] k'f0fjfrs . kf}?if lj) [;+)]
= k'?if;DaGwL k'?ifsf] . gf) @= k'?ifsf] efj jf cj:yf k'?ifTj . #= ;fdfGo kn] k'?if
df x'g] ljz]iftf tyf u'0f k'?iffy{ kf}v kfqmd . > kf}?if]o lj) != k'?ifn] lgdf{0f u]
dfG5]n] agfPsf] . @= dfgjLo k'?if;DaGwL . gf) #= k'?ifsf] sfd . kf}f] gf) cu]g' . k
f}f]lxTo gf) [;+)] ;do;dodf hhdfgsf 3df uO{ k'f]lxtn] ug]{ sd{sf08 ;+:sf cflb;DaGwL
fd k't ] n] ug]{ sfd hhdfgL . ~ sd{ gf) hhdfgL sfd . kf}0f{df; lj) [;+)] != k"l0f{df;
DaGwL k"l0f{dfsf] . gf) @= clUgxf]qxff k"l0f{dfsf] lbg ulg] Ps k|sfsf] o1 . #= k"l0f{
f . > kf}0f{dfl;s lj) != k"l0f{dfsf] k"l0f{df;DaGwL . @= k"l0f{dfsf lbgdf x'g] (k"
hf, j|t cflb) . kf}0f{df;L gf) k"l0f{df . kf}0f{df:o gf) kf}0f{dfl;s o1 . kf}jf{To
lj) [;+) kf}:To] k"j{ lbzfsf] k"jL{o . kf}jf{ko{ gf) [;+)] != klxn]sf] cufl8 kl5sf]
k5fl8 xg] qmd . @= cufl8 k5fl8sf]df x'g] ;DaGw . #= k"jf{ksf] efj jf cj:yf . kf}/
L gf)x]) kf}8L kf}nkf}nf]! lj) [;+) k|an] != 5]nf]vn ] f] k|r ' dgUo k|z:t . gf) @=
z:ttf k|r ' tf kof{Kttf . kf}nf]@ gf) 7]sf, ufu|f cflbdf Kjfn k]df aGb ug{ k|of]u

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict'Pa'1.p65

Kofs]6Kof;]Gh JolStnfO{ aflx lg:sg glbO{ y'gfdf fVg] sfd . lj) #= y'gfdf flvPsf] yGSo
OPsf] hs8aGb . Kofs]6 gf) [c
\)] leq s'g} j:t' jf dfn;fdfg fvL aflxaf6 sk8f, sfut cflb
n] a]x|]sf], afFw]sf] jf l;Psf] kf]sf] ;fgf]ltgf] kf]sf] r'f]6, ;nfO{ cflbsf] af . K
ofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") Kofs\s] != lxsf{pFbf xn'sf] lsl;dn] nfUg] uL . @= dbf{ d'v af
pg] uL . #= PsfPs pl3|g] uL . $= ;f]rljrf guL To;} af]n] KofRr . lj) %= xn'
lsl;dn]
f ulPsf] . ^= pl3|Psf] . &= c;fjwfgLk"js { elgPsf] . Kof
gf) [ef]) a)] lkpL cflb fVgs
lglDt afF;sf lub|faf6 agfOPsf] af . kfyL gf) cf7 dfgf jf Ps kfyL eg]{ afF; cflbsf
lub|faf6 ag]sf] efF8f] . Kof
\v gf) afnLgfnL gnfUg] sd;n hldg pAhgL gx'g] hldg cg'j{f
e"ld k]v . Kofr kfs]6 gf) [c
\)] ;kmfL;6{ jf cGo To:t} sk8fdf aflx}klaf6 6fF;] nufO
vNtL 6F;jf uf]hL . KofRr lqm) lj) [c) d") Kofr\ r] != kl5 s]s;f] k5{ eGg] ljrf guLsg
dg nfu]sf] sf pRrf0f u] ;f]rljrf guLsg af]n ] KjfSs . @= c;fjwfgLsf ;fydf ys]
r lqm) lj) ;f]rljrf guLsg afaf af]n] . Kofh gf) [kmf)] t/sfL, d;nf cf}ifwLsf sfdd
k|of]u ulg], pu| uGw ePsf], uf]nfsf (n;g;Fu ldNg]) kq}kqaf6 ag]sf] sGb cfojb {] d
f clUgj4{s, jLo{j4{s, ?lrsfs, ljifgfzs 7G8f u0f dflgPsf] Ps k|l;4 sGb . > KofhL l
j) != ;s]sf] Kofhsf af]qmfsf] h:tf] xg] ftf], gLnf] ldl;Psf] xNsf sf] a}hgL sf]
@= Kofhaf6 ag]sf] ksf]8f . Kof6Kof6 lqm) lj) [c) d") Kof6\ 6 (l))] != af/Daf/ Kof Wjl
g lgsfn]/ . @= nuftf/ lk6]/ jf 76fP/ Kof Kof kf/L . Kof lqm) lj) [c) d") Kof6\ c (l)
na6f, nL cflbn] lk6\bf Ps} rf]l6 dfq nfUg] uL xnsf lsl;dn] nfUg] uL . @= sg} efF8
fs8 F f cflb Ps} rf]l6 km6\g] lsl;dn] k . Kof8 gf) [c\)] != lr7Lkq cflb n]Vg] sfdd
f k|of]u ulg] 6fpsfdf sfof{no jf ;DalGwt JolQmsf] gfd 5flkPsf] afFsL 7fpF vfnL eP
sf] sfut n]6Kof8 . @= sf]6sf sd, aqmd cflbdf flvg] jf h:jnf xFbf gfLn] of]lgdf fVg]
?jf]nfO{ k6fO{ afSnf] kf]sf] ;fwg ?jf]sf] afSnf] rSsL . #= sg} sfof{no cflb;Fu ;D
alGwt sfutkq cflbdf 5fk nufpgsf lglDt d;Ln] lehfP flvPsf] df]6f] sk8f cflbsf] afSn
f] tx 5fkbfgL .
810

Kof8n gf) [c\)] ;fOsn cflb rnfpFbf k}tfnf c8fpg] ;fwg ;fOsn cflbsf] kfpbfg . KofQ lqm
) lj) [c) d") Koft\ t] sx], un] jf ;8] Ps} kN6 v:g] uL ofQ . Kofbf gf) [kmf) lkofb]
}bn l;kfxL kbflt . @= b"t xNsff . #= cfgf] sfd kmQ] ug{ s;}sf] kl5 nfUg] sfd lk5f xQ]
. $= al4rfnsf uf]6LdWo] ;a}eGbf ;fgf] txsf] uf]6L k}bn . KofgKofgf] lj) [g]jf)] !=
hD;f] nf];] . @= lw\Gofxf nf]stf] . Kofgf] gf) -c\)_ Ps lsl;dsf] afhf . Kof gf) [;
lk|o] k|]d k|Llt dfof ltfu . KofKof lqm) lj) [c) d") Kof\ c (l))] ;f]rljrf guLs
mtfOxg] uL . > KofKoftL KofKofL lqm) lj) KofKof ulxg] lsl;dn] . KofKof] lj)
]f] lsl;dn] jf csf sf g;gL cfk}Fm dfq kmtkmtfOxg] KofKof af]lnxg] . Koff gf) [c
fkm)] ;fdfGotof jfSoeGbf 7"nf] jfSon] eGbf a9L k"0f{ cy{ lbg], sg} Ps ab F fsf
] ljj]rgf ulPsf] n]v cflbsf] c+z k|3s sl08sf cgR5]b . u|fkm gf) cgR5]b . Koff6k
[c\)] Koff;6 nfP eOd +{ f emg]{ tflnd kfPsf] ;]gf 5ftfwfL kN6g . Koff;6 gf) [c\)
6 > Kofz"6] pl8x]sf] xjfO{hxfh cflbsf] prfOaf6 tn hldgdf ;lIft kdf pqg pkof]u ulg] 5
ftfh:tf] ;fwg . Kofl; gf) [k|mf) k]l;] k|mfG;sf] fhwfgL . KofL lj) [Koff] O{] != Hof
k]sL Koff] nfUg] (:qL) . gf) @= lk|of k|]ldsf dfofn . Koff] lj) [Kof cf]] dgkbf]{
lk|o . Koff]n gf) [c\)] != ftdf lxF8\g] ;sfL sd{rfLnfO{ ;Iff rf}sLsf ;}lgs jf k|x
"g\ eGg] p2]Zon] lbOg] ;f\s]lts zAb . @= aGbLn] cfk"m aflx lg:sgkbf{ sffuf cflbsf c
lwsfLnfO{ lbOg] df}lvs ljZjf; jf jrg k]f]n . #= k|lt1f jf jrg . Kof{ lqm) lj) [c) d")
Kof\ ] kftnf] lb;fsf ;fy ckfgjfo cfpg] lsl;dn] kftnf] lb;f cfpg] lsl;dn] . ~ Kof{ lq
) lj) afaf kftnf] lb;fsf ;fy ckfgjfo 56\bf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . Kofnf gf) [kmf) lk
ofnf] b"w, lrof cflb vfg] sfddf pkof]u ulg] srf}fh:tf] efF8f] lrof vfg] sk . Kof; gf
) [;+) lkkf;f] ltvf{ lkof; . > Kof;fKof;L lj) ltvf{Psf] Kof;f] . Kof;]Gh gf) [c\)] o
d;flkm . ~ uf8L gf) 8fsuf8L

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
811

Kof;f]k|sfzg jf a];L tfGg] l3Rofpg] . @= xnf] hf]Tg] vGg] . > k|sif{0f gf) k|sif{ . k
|slif{t lj) k|sif{0f ulPsf] tflgPsf] l3;flPsf] hf]ltPsf] . k| s Nkgf gf) [ ;+ ) ] cg
l:yt j:t x sf] cfbz{ kg?k:yfkgnfO{ k"0f{ agfpg] uL cfGtls ljDaxnfO{ Pslqt, ;Da4 ;
u[xLt kfg]{ k|lqmof sfJosf] cfe"if0f dfq aGg] ljnIf0f rdTsfL t c;Da4 ;Da4 cge"ltxs
] ;+Zn]if0fsf] ;fdYo{ gePsf] bf];|f] txsf] sNkgf . k|slNkt lj) [;+)] k|sNkgf ulPsf
] . k|sf08 gf) [;+)] != vsf] k]mbb]lv xfFuf 5lg] 7fpF;Ddsf] cjoj vsf] d"n efu . @= 7
"nf] xfFuf] . lj) #= sg} ljifodf k"f 1fg ePsf] v"a hfGg] . $= ;j{>i ] 7 ;jf]T { s[
i6 dxfg\ . k|sf gf) [;+)] != yL . @= 9\u sfObf lsl;d . > k|sffGt gf) Ps k|sfsf]
gfGt0f k|sfsf] xfn;flasL csf]{ lsl;d . k|sffyL{ lj) leGgleGg lsl;dsf ljhftLo sfnfO
mfpg] cg]s ljhftLo sfnfO{ aemfpg k|of]u ulg] lsl;d jf k|sfsf] cy{ lbg] (zAb) . k|s
fz gf) [;+)] != an]sf] jf pHofnf] kbfy{af6 lg:sg], cGwsfnfO{ x6fpg] tj cGwsfn] ubf{ k
|ToIf xg g;s]sf j:t cfFvf;fdGg] k|ToIf ufpg], pHofnf] j:taf6 lg:sg] t]h cfnf]s
Hof]lt pHofnf] . @= 3fd h"g . #= ns] a;]sf] jf uf]Ko x]sf] sf k|s6 xg] lqmof lg:sg
jf b]lvg] lqmof . $= ;a}n] b]Vg], ;Gg] uL ulPsf] jf elgPsf] gf6s cflbsf kfqsf] p
lSt jf sfo{ . ~ pmhf{ gf) k|sfzaf6 k|fKt xg] zlSt k|sfzaf6 lg:sg] zlSt . ~ PsfO gf
) k|sfzsf] gfksf lglDt lgwf{lt ulPsf] Go"gtd k"0f{ v08 k|sfzsf] ;fgf] c+z . k|sfzs l
j) [;+)] != pHofnf] agfpg] k|sfz lbg] . @= ns] a;]sf] jf uf]Ko x]sf] sfnfO{ k|sfzd
f Nofpg] . #= k:ts, kqklqsf cflbnfO{ 5kfpg] k|sflzt ug]{ . gf) $= k:ts 5fKg] Jo
lSt jf ;+:yf . > k|sfzsLo lj) != k|sfzs;DaGwL k|sfzssf] k|sfzsdf xg] . gf) @= sg}
k:ts jf kqklqsf cflbdf k|sfzssf tkm{af6 lbOPsf] jStJo, n]v jf e"ldsf k|sfzssf]
dGtJo . k|sfz lrq0f gf) [;+)] k|sfzsf ;xfotfn] lrq ptfg]{ k|lqmof k|sfzsf] ;xfotf
lnP ulg] lrq0f . k|sfzg gf) [;+)] != aflx k|sfzdf gcfPsf] sg} j:t jf sfnfO{ k|sfzd
f Nofpg] sfd . @= uf]kgLotf e\u ug]{ jf sg} sfsf] x:o vf]Ng] sfd . #= k:ts, kqkl
qsf cflb k|sflzt ug]{ sfd 5kfpg] sfd 5kfO . $= sg} JolSt jf ;+:yfff k|sflzt ulPsf k
:ts, kqklqsf cflb . %=

jf PS;k|; ] uf8L geO{ aLraLrdf f]lsFb} l9nf] rfnn] lxF8g \ ] ofquf8L . Kof;f] lj)
[Kof; cf]] kfgL cflb lkpg] OR5f k|an ePsf] ltvf{Psf] ltvf{n . Kokf gf) [c\) Ko"kf]
sL6f0f jf sLfkm6]u \ f| cflbsf kmnaf6 lg:s]sf nfef{x s]xL ljsl;t ePsf] t vfglkpg r
nkxn ug{ ;Sg] xfntdf gku]sf] cj:yf sLfxsf] ljsf;qmdsf] t];f | ] cj:yf . Kog ;) lqm
x]) lkpg . Ko7fg gf) [;+) kL7:yfg] fKtL c~rncGtu{t kg]{ uNdL tyf ;Nofg lhNnfsf
] aLrdf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . Ko7fg] lj) [Ko"7fg P] Ko"7fgdf xg] Ko"7fgaf6 cfPsf] Ko"7fg;
DaGwL . ~ dnf gf) Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] d"nf . Ko/L gf)x]) lkp/L . Ko/f] gf)x]) lkp/f]
. Ko;f] gf)x]) lkp;f] k| pk) [;+)] zAb jf wftsf] clulNt hf]l8P gofF cy{ aemfpg]
Ps pk;u{ (k| ultk|ult, k| ;fk|;f O)) . k|s6 lj) [;+)] != ns ] a;]sf] sf aflx b]lv
t ePsf] k|ToIf ePsf] . @= :ki6 vn:t . > k|sl6t lj) != k|s6 pTkGg . @= plbt . k|s6Ls0
gf) ns] a;]sf] sf jf j:tnfO{ aflx k|s6 ug]{ sfd x:of]b\3f6g ug]{ sfd k|s6ufO . k|
gf) [;+)] klxn] elgPsf] jf ulPsf] sfdsfsf] kgM ;dy{g ug]{ sfd klxn]sf] sfdsfsf] k
i6 . k|sDk gf) [;+)] != e}r F+ fnf cflbn] ubf{ eOd +{ f pTkGg ePsf] 7"nf] ytsf]{
. @= Hjf], l; cflbn] zLdf pTkGg sDk . #= sDk sDkg sFkfO ytsf]{ ysf]{ . > k|sDkg g
fFwLa]xL . @= sg} JolQm, j:t cflb a];L sfFKg] lqmofk|lqmof . > k|slDkt lj) != sDkg
ePsf] sfFks ] f] ys]{sf] yts]{sf] . @= a];L xlNnPsf] . k|s0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t
f sfnfO{ agfpg] sfd lgdf{0f rgf . @= sg} sfnfO{ lj:tfk"j{s eGg] sfd j0f{g k|ltkf
#= sg} sfsf] qmd, l;nl;nf jf ;Gbe{ k|;\u . $= sg} Ps ljifo jf k|;\usf] rrf{ ulPsf]
, u|Gyleqsf] Ps c+z cWofo klR5]b . %= b[ZosfJosf] Ps e]b . ^= lsl;d k|sf . k|sL gf)
)] gf6ssf aLrdf p7L aLrdf g} 6l\ ug], dVo syfj:tsf] ;xfos pksyf ktfsfeGbf ;fgf]
k|;\u k|f;\lus syfj:tsf] Ps e]b . k|sif{ gf) [;+)] != x]) pTsif{ . @= sg} sf k|z:
t ePsf] cj:yf k|r  tf cflwSo . #= ank"js { jf a];L tfGg] sfd l3Rofpg] sfd . $= la:tf
. > k|sif{s lj) != ank"js {

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|sfzf]Gdvk|sf]k ;j{;fwf0fnfO{ hfgsfL lbg] sfd ;"rgf lj1fkg . ~ jif{ gf) sg} k:ts,
kqklqsf k|sflzt ulPsf] jif{ lstfa cflb 5kfOPsf] jif{ . ~ :jtGqtf gf) of] o:tf] sf k
|sflzt ug{ jf 5fKg xFb}g eGg] aGb]hJoj:yfsf] cwLgdf xL sg} klg k:ts, kqklqsf c
flb k|sflzt ug]{ jf 5fKg kfpg] clwsf k|sfzgsf lglDtsf] :jfwLgtf . k|sfzf]Gdv lj) [
;+)] k|sfzg ug{ nfluPsf] k|sfzgsf qmddf ;dfj]z ePsf] 5kfpg vf]lhPsf] (k:ts, kqklq
sf cflb) . k|sfzdfg lj) [;+)] != rlDsx]sf] k|sfzn] oSt ePsf] k|sfzjfg\ . @= rf}lt gf
k}mlnPsf] k|l;4 ljVoft . k|sfz dfks gf) [;+)] != k|sfzsf] kldf0f gfKg] ;fwg k|sfz gf
Kg] pks0f . @= k|sfz gfKg] tj (;do, b"L O)) . k|sfz jif{ gf) [;+)] != Ps ;]s]G8df tL
g nfv lsnf]ld6 b"L bug]{ k|sfzn] Ps jif{df kf ug{ ;Sg] b"L k|sfzn] !^,^$,%^$ jif{eGb
f sf]8 ugf w]} ;do nufP lxF8\g] b"L . @= !^,^$,%^$ jif{eGbf sf]8 ugf w]} nfdf] ;dof
lw . k|sfz :tDe gf) [;+)] ;jfL;fwgsf] cfjfudg tyf a6jfnfO{ lxF8\g ;lhnf] xf];\ eG
g] x]tn] ;fj{hlgs :yndf ufl8Psf], aQL;lxtsf] vfFaf] cfnf]s:tDe (NofDkkf]:6) . k|
sfzfTds lj) [;+)] k|sfz ePsf] rxlsnf] t]lhnf] . k|sfzfyL{ lj) [;+)] != k|sfz rfxg] pH
ofnf] vf]Hg] . @= k|sfzg ufpg rfxg] 5kfpg rfxg] . k|sflzt lj) [;+)] != pHofnf] kflPs
f] k|sfzoSt agfOPsf] . @= k|sfzoSt rxlsnf] . #= ns] a;]sf] jf uf]Ko x]sf] sfnfO{
aflx k|sfzdf NofOPsf] k|s6 ulPsf] . $= 5kfP hgtfsf ;fd NofOPsf] 5kfOPsf] (k:tskl:t
f, kq klqsf cflb) . k|sfZo lj) [;+)] != k|sflzt ug{ of]Uo k|sfzgof]Uo . @= uf]Ko gx]s
f] pbf\uf] . k|sL0f{ lj) [;+)] != otfptf 5lPsf] l5f]lnPsf] Jojl:yt gePsf] l;nl;nf g
f] . @= otfpltaf6 NofP gldnfO{sg ykflPsf] . > k|sL0f{s gf) ;fgf;fgf j:txsf] ;\ux |
m6s j:txsf] ;\ux | . ~ n]v gf) ;fgfltgf cfDbfgLvr{sf] lx;fa km6s cfoJoosf] lx;fa
o :ofxf;|: ] tfdf gr9fOPsf] jf gl6lkPsf] km6s lx;fa . k|sl  kt lj) [;+)] Hofb} l;
fPsf] clt slkt qm4 . k|st [ lj) [;+)] != cfDe ulPsf] ;? ulPsf] yflnPsf] . @= k|
cfPsf] rrf{ eOx]sf] k|:tt . #= g};lu{s :jfefljs . jfb gf) pGgfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] pQfw
5 of]ksf] ;flxTodf rn]sf] oyfy{jfbL cfGbf]ngsf] Ps zfvf . jfbL lj) k|s[tjfbsf] cg
ofoL . k|st [ fy{ gf) [;+)] :jfefljs cy{ clew]o cy{ jfRofy{ . k|sl[ t gf) [;+)] !=
JolSt jf j:tsf] d"ne"t ljz]iftf JolSt
812

jf j:tdf cGtlg{lxt u0f . @= JolSt jf k|f0fLsf] hGd}bl] v g} nfu]sf] nt, afgL j

f :jefj . #= cg]s kfTds hut\sf] lgdf{0f tyf ljsf; ug]{ To;sf] d"n kdf b]vfkg]{ zlS
t ;f\Vobz{gcg;f hut\sf pTklQsf] sf0fk d"ntj . $= O{ZjLo nLnf b}jL k|k~r dfof . %=
, hn, t]h, jfo cfsfz oL k~r dxfe"t . ^= fHosf :jfdL, cdfTo, ;xb [ \ cflb ;ft c\u
. &= sg} fhfff zfl;t hgtf k|hf . *= zLsf] zLt jf pi0f :jefj . (= Jofs0fdf k|TooeGbf
Gg, zAbsf] d"n k (k|fltklbs jf wft) d"n zAbsf] k|TooeGbf clulNt xg] efu . !)= Ps kf
pdf PSsfO; cIf xg] 5Gbhlt ;a}nfO{ aemfpg] zAb Ps kfpdf PSsfO; cIf xg] 5Gbsf] sg
} Ps e]b . sf]k gf) != xL, emL cflb k|sl[ tsf] pu| k k|fs[lts ljklQ . @= skm, jft,
kQ cflbsf] k|sf]k . h lj) k|sl[ taf6 hGd]sf] k|fs[lts g};lu{s . ~ k|bQ lj) k|sl[ taf
6 k|bfg ulPsf] g};lu{s kdf k|fKt ePsf] . ~ efj gf) != klxn]sf] k jf cj:yfdf sg} ljs[
lt gcfpg] k|lqmof klxn]s} cj:yfdf xg] lqmof . @= j:t jf k|f0fLsf] ;SsnL jf df}lns
:jefj . ~ d08n gf) != fhf, dGqL, ldq, sf]if, fi6, bu{ kmf}h oL fHosf k|dv  ;ft c
. @= sg} fhfff zfl;t }tLsf] ;dbfo k|hfju{ . jfb gf) != dgiosf ;Dk"0f{ cfr0f, sf
jrf cflb k|sl[ taf6 g} k}bf ePsf p;sf sfdgf, k|jl[ Q cflb klg k|sl[ tdf g} cfl>t
xG5g\ egL dfGg] Ps dt . @= ;[li6hut\sf] sf0f sg} b}jLtj of cnf}lss zlSt geP k|sl[
t xf] dgiosf] wd{, gLlt, cfrfh:tf sf klg b}jL zlSt jf cnf}lss zlStsf k| ] 0ff geO
{ k|fs[lts hut\af6 g} k|fKt ePsf xg\ eGg] bfz{lgs l;4fGt . #= k|fs[lts kdf jf jf
:tljs kdf ;+;fdf ePsf jf 36]sf 36gfsf] sg} lsl;dsf] cfbz{sf] cff]kljgf lgj}o { lSt
s lrq0f ug]{ sfdf hf]8 lbg] Ps ;flxlTos dt k|st [ jfb . jfbL lj) != k|sl[ tjfbdf l
jZjf; ug]{ k|sl[ tjfbsf] cgofoL . @= k|sl[ tjfb;DaGwL . ~ ljr0f gf) k|fs[lts hut\d
f :jR5Gb ljr0f ug]{ sfd . ~ lj1fg gf) != k|sl[ tsf] cWoog, ljZn]if0f ug]{ lj1fg, k
|fs[lts ljifoxsf] ljj]rgf ug]{ lj1fg . @= ;fdflhs lj1fgsf ljkLt k|fs[lts (ljz4) l
j1fg . ~ zf:q gf) k|sl[ tlj1fg . l;4 lj) k|sl[ taf6 g} l;4 ePsf] sg} k|of;ljgf cfk}
mF ePsf] ;xh :jfefljs g};lu{s . :y lj) k|sl[ tdf l:yt k|sl[ tleq} kfOg] k|fs[lts :
js g};lu{s . . > k|sT [ of lqm) lj) :jefj}n] :jfefljs kn] :jefjjz . k|si [ 6 lj) [;+)
!= pTs[i6 . @= ank"j{s tflgPsf] l3;f] x6fOPsf] . tf gf) != pTs[i6tf . @= tGSofOnf]k
gf . k|sf]k gf) [;+)] != sg} dxfdfL, f]u cflbsf] k|antf . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
813

k|sf]i7k|uLt k|Voflkt lj) [;+)] != ;j{;fwf0f hgtfnfO{ hgfp lbOPsf] jf af]w ufOPsf] ;j
{;fwf0fn] yfxf kfpg] uL 3f]if0ff ulPsf] jf hfL ulPsf] (;sfL Ol:txf, cWofb]z, cf1lKt
lKt, fHofb]z cflb) . @= k|l;4 tNofOPsf] k|Voft . k|ut lj) [;+)] != cl3lNt uPsf] . @
= cl3Nnf] j0f{sf] k|efjdf k] kl5Nnf] j0f{ klg cl3Nnf] j0f{h:t} aGg] (Ps k|sfsf] ;dL
ejg, h:t} ;+) kSj > k|f) kSs cflb) . k|ult gf) [;+)] fd|f]l;t cufl8 a9\g] lqmof dfly
pSng] lqmof fd|f]l;t cufl8 a9\gfsf] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof pGglt ljsf; pTyfg . ~ d"ns
lj) != k|ultnfO{ b]vfpg] (ljj0f cflb) . @= k|ultsf p2]Zon] ulg] . ~ /f]ws lj) sg}
sfdsfdf eOx]sf] k|ultdf afwf jf cjf]w k}bf ug]{ k|ltlqmofjfbL k|ultljf]wL . jfb g
lxTonfO{ ;dfhsf] pkh dfGb} ;fdflhs oyfy{sf] cleJolQmdf hf]8 lbg], j}olSts cfgGbn
fO{ eGbf ;dfhsf] ef}lts ljsf;nfO{ a9L dxj lbg], dfS;{jfbaf6 k|efljt ;flxTol;4fGt oy
fy{jfbsf] k|s[tjfbL zfvfb]lv leGg csf]{ ;dfgfGt zfvf . jfbL lj) k|ultjfbdf ljZjf;
ug]{ k|ultjfbsf] cgofoL . zLn lj) != ;dfhsf] pQf]Q ljsf;df ljZjf; ug]{ . @= dfS;{jf
bL l;4fGtcg;f ;fdflhs k|ultdf ljZjf; ug]{ . zLntf gf) k|ultzLn xg] u0f, :jefj j
f k|lqmof . k|uGgf gf) [kmf) ku{g] != lhNnfcGtu{t w]} df}hf ldnfO{ agfOPsf] Pp6f e
"efu w]} ufpF ePsf] e"efu . @= gofF e"ldJoj:yf nfu" xgeGbf k"j{ tfO{df lhNnfeGbf
;fgf] df}hfeGbf 7"nf] k|zf;lgs e"v08 kxf8sf yd, uvf{ cflb;Fu tngLo tfOnL e"v08 .
k|uNe lj) [;+)] != df}sfcg;f sfdsf ug{ ;Sg] al4 ePsf] hfg]sf];gs ] f] k|ToTkGg
. @= df}sfcg;f sfd sf ug{ kl5 gx6\g] s;}sf] 8wDsLdf gkL dgdf nfu]sf sf lgw{Ss eP
;Sg] lg8 eP af]Ng ;Sg] af]nSs8 . gf) #= u8\8LxFsfO kmtL{kmftL{ wdf; . $= cj;jfb .
r\VofOF . tf gf) k|uNe . > k|uNef gf) != k|uNe :jefjsL gfL . @= gfos;Fu gwsfpg] k|f
}9f gflosf ;flxTosf cg;f gflosfsf] Ps e]b . k|ulNet lj) != df}sfcg;f ulPsf] . @= ws
gfvL af]lnPsf] . #= cj;jfbL jf af]nSs8df kl0ft . $= r\v] . k|uf9 lj) [;+)] != Hofb}
ulxf] uxg uDeL . @= cltzo w]} lgs} . #= sl;Psf] d;Ss kflPsf] (cfln\ug) . k|uLt gf
"ntM efjgfgs"n nodf lghL cge"ltsf] cleJolQm /xg] tyf uLtsfsf] ljlzi6 JolStTj k|
s6 xg] uLt . @= uLt ufgf . ~ sfJo gf) sljsf] cfTdfge"ltn]

zLdf k}bf xg] lkQ cflbsf] ljsf k|sl[ tdf cfpg] ljsf . #= qmf]wsf] k|antf rsf]{ l; .
k|sf]kg gf) != csf{nfO{ slkt agfpg] lqmof qm4 agfpg] sfd . @= l;fpg] lqmof . k|sf
]lkt lj) l;fPsf] slkt qm4 . k|sf]i7 gf) [;+)] != slxgf]bl] v xy { u \ f;Ddsf] xft
f] efu . @= 7"nf] sf]7fsf] glhssf] efu . #= leqLsf]7f Soflag . > k|sf]i7s gf) bafdf
9f]sx ] a:g] 7fpF gf]ssf] sf]7f] . k|qmd gf) [;+)] != pkqmd . @= l;nl;nf . #= df}sf
. ~ e\u gf) != sg} sfd ubf{ l;nl;nf gldnfO{sg ug]{ lqmof yfn]sf] sfdnfO{ cufl8k5f
l8 kf] ug]{ lqmof . @= ;flxTozf:qdf qmd gldn]df xg] bf]if . lj) #= l;nl;nf gldn]s
f] nyfln\u ePsf] . k|lqmof gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t aGg], agfpg], tof xg] tyf tof kfg]
{ Jojl:yt lqmof qmda4 z[v \ nf jf k|0ffnL ljlw k4lt tlsf . @= l;nl;nf . k|Iffng gf)
)] != xft, uf]8f, nuf, 3, sf]7f cflb wg] lqmof kvfNg] jf ;kmf kfg]{ sfd kvfnfO wj
fO . @= gxfpg] lqmof :gfg gxfO . > k|Iffngfwf gf) wff];d]t hl8Psf], leq kfgL ePsf]
xft wg] efF8f] . k|Ifflnt lj) [;+)] != wf]OPsf] . @= gxfOPsf] gxfPsf] . k|lIfKt
lj) [;+)] != sg} d"n rgfdf kl5af6 ylkPsf] jf 3;fOPsf] (c+z) . @= ofFlsPsf] xofOPs
f] . k|If]k gf) [;+)] != sg} d"n rgfdf kl5af6 s]xL yKg], hf]8g \ ,] 3;fpg] lqmof
. @= ylkPsf], hf]l8Psf] jf 3;fOPsf] c+z . #= ofFSg] jf xofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . >
k|If]ks lj) sg} d"n rgfdf kl5af6 s]xL yKg] 3;fpg] (JolSt) k|If]Ktf . k|If]k0f gf) !
= cGtlIfofg, e"pku|x cflbnfO{ cGtlIfdf k7fpg] sfo{ k|If]k . @= kmfNg], xfNg], dflya
f6 ldnfpg], d"No cflb lgwf{0f ug]{ sfd . k|If]kf:q gf) ljgfzs cf0fljs xftxltof fv] 6f
9f6f9f;Dd tfs]sf] 7fpFdf k|xf ug]{ c:q b"e]bL c:q If]Kof:q . k|If]Kof:q gf) != k|If]k
:q 3o]Fqf] xltof . @= 3o]Fqf] . k|v08 gf) [;+)] != sg} sfsf] ;fgf] efu pkv08eGbf
klg ;fgf] v08 . @= sf]7fleqsf] sf]7f] leqL sf]7f] . k|v lj) [;+)] != Hofb} t]lhnf] s
8f pu| k|r08 . @= cltzo s8f :jefjsf] Hofb} vf] . #= tLj| ult jf j]u xg] b|tultsf] (
al4, k|jfx cflb) . tf gf) k|v xgfsf] efj u0f jf cj:yf cltzo tLj|tf k|r08tf pu|tf
k|Voft lj) [;+)] gfpF rn]sf] sLlt{ km}lnPsf] k|l;4 . > k|Voflt gf) k|l;l4 . k|Vofkg
gf) [;+)] != Voflt a9fpg] sg} pkfo (n]v, ultljlw, lgdf{0f, snfs[lt cflb) Vofltsf
] lj1fkg . @= hgfp lbg] sfo{ .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|u0  fk|hflt k"0f{, ;\uLtfTds jf u]ofTds tjn] oSt, pSt k|sfsf] sfJo u]o sfJo . k|u
0  f gf) [;+)] != fd|f] u0f ePsf] u0fjfg\ u0fL . @= fd|f] nfebfos . #= xf]l;of
gf) $= kl>d tyf k|oTgk"j{s cflh{g] sg} u0f jf ljlzi6tf lgk0ftf bIftf . ~ cu{n gf
) lgodfg;f sg} ;sfL jf cw{;sfL ;]jfdf x]sf sd{rfLxsf] j]tgj[l4 cflb kfsfi7fdf k
ffnL bIftfcu{n (Plkml;oG;Laf) . tf gf) fd|f] u0f xg] l:ylt, cj:yf jf Ifdtf . k|36
) [;+)] != lgof jf l;4fGt . @=cfb]z . #= 36s . k|3s gf) [;+)] != cgR5]b . @= k|36
s . k|3if{0f gf) [;+)] != ljz]if k|sfsf] 3if{0f . @= u]8fO 3f]6fO . #= 3Fuf?sf] af]6
. > k|3lif{t lj) 3if{0f ePsf] 3f]l6Psf] . k|r08 lj) [;+)] != Hofb} rsf]{ :jefjsf] H
ofb} dfkfsf] Hofb} vf] . @= s;}b]lv gbAg] g8fpg] ;fx;L cfFl6nf] . #= ;xg dl:sn kg]{
To bM;x . k|rng gf) [;+)] != rnfO ult lxF8fO . @= rfnrng rng . k|rlnt lj) [;+)] k|rn
df x]sf] jf cfPsf] rngrNtLsf] (gfk, tf}n, lgod, dfGotf O)) . ~ g]kfn sfgg gf) g]kf
n clwfHodf xfn rngrNtLdf x]sf] P]gsfgg . k|rf gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf sfnfO{ sg}
pkfon] lgGt jf Jofks kdf k}mnfpg] lqmof sg} sfnfO{ afa pkof]u jf Jojxfdf Nofpg]
@= sg} ljrf, l;4fGt jf pNn]vgLo ;dfrf cflbaf] lj1fkg, kf]:6, n]v cflbsf dfWodn] ;j
{;fwf0fnfO{ hfgsfL lbg ulg] sfo{ . #= pkoS {t cfwfdf nf]slk|o agfpgsf lglDt k|rflt u
lg] sg} klg sf] . $= k|l;l4 . > k|rfs lj) k|rf ug]{ k}mnfpg] . k|rf0f gf) sg} j:
sfsf] k|rf ug]{ lqmof jf efj . k|rf0fLo lj) k|rf ugk { g]{ k|rf ug{ nfos . k|rfl
) sg} sf jf efiff, ;+:s[lt cflbsf] k|rf ug]{ (;ef cflb) . k|rflt lj) k|rf ulPsf] s
pkfon] ;j{;fwf0fsf] hfgsfLdf NofOPsf] . k|rfL lj) k|rfs . k|rfns lj) [;+)] != k|rngd
Nofpg] (JolQm) . @= rnfpg] rflnt ug]{ . gf) #= rfns (8fOe, a}njfg, ;fly cflb) . k|r
 lj) [;+)] k|z:t kof{Kt kf}n dgUo ykf | ] cf}nbf}n . tf gf) k|r xgfsf] efj
f}n . k|ri] 6f gf) [;+)] sg} sfdsfsf nflu ulg] ljz]if lsl;dsf] r]i6f ljz]if k|of;
. k|R5Gg lj) [;+)] != aflx k|sfzdf gcfPsf] 5f]lkPsf] (h:tf]k|R5Gg zL) . @= gb]lvg] n
] f] (h:tf] k|R5Gg wg) .
814

k|R5fbs lj) [;+)] != 9fSg] jf 5f]Kg] . @= l5kfpg] nsfpg] . k|R5fbg gf) [;+)] != s
g} j:t jf sfnfO{ 9fSg] sfd 5f]Kg] sfo{ . @= k|R5b . k|R5flbt lj) [;+)] 5f]lkPsf] 9
flsPsf] . k|hg gf) [;+)] != k|hgg . lj) @= hGd lbg] hGdbftf . k|hgg gf) [;+)] != ;G
tfg k}bf ug]{ lqmof aRrf hGdfpg] sfd . @= ue{af6 pTkGg xg] lqmof hGd pTklQ . lqmof
uef{wfgsf lglDt kf]yL kzl;t efn] nfpg] sfd . zLn gf) k|hgg jf k}bf xg] pTkfbgzLn
. k|hglotf gf) [;+)] hGd lbg] JolQm lktf . k|hlgsf gf) [;+)] hGd lbg] gfL cfdf . k|h
Nk gf) [;+)] sfd gnfUg] sf cgfjZos ukm . k|hf gf) [;+)] != fhfff zfl;t b]zsf hgtf
Tds b]zsf hgtf }tL . @= sg} fHo jf fi6df x]sf] hg;d"x . #= ;Gtfg ;Gtlt . $= r]kf .
gf) != ;Gtfgsf] cljlR5Gg kDkf ;Gtfgsf] nxf] . @= cljlR5Gg j+zkDkf . k|hftGq gf) [;+)
= k|hf jf hgtfff lgjf{lrt, hgk|ltlglwff rnfOg] zf;gJoj:yf hgk|ltlglwsf xftdf zf;g;Qf
ePsf] fHoJoj:yf . @= hgtfff hgtfsf nflu hgtfs} fo;Nnfxaf6 rnfOg] zf;g . ~ lbj; gf) g]
kfndf @))& ;fndf k|hftGq cfPsf] pknIodf a;]{lg kmfug & ut] dgfOg] fli6o pT;j . jf
b gf) k|hftGqnfO{ dxj lbg] l;4fGt k| h ftGqsf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) k|hftGqjfbdf ljZjf;
Vg] k|hftGqsf] cgofoL . ~ >Lkb gf) /fhf lqejgsf gfddf :yflkt 5 >]0fLdf ljeQm Ps
tSdf . > k|hftGqfTds lj) k|hf jf k|hfff lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwsf] zf;g ePsf] k|hf;QfTds (f
HoJoj:yf) . k|hftGqL lj) x]) k|hftflGqs . k|hftGqLs0f gf) k|hfff lgjf{lrt k|ltlglwnfO
{ zf;g;Qf ;Dkg] sfo{ k|hftGq ljsl;t tNofpg] lqmof . k|hftflGqs lj) [;+)] k|hftGq
sf] k|hftGq;DaGwL . ~ ;dfhjfb gf) k|hftflGqs k4ltff lglZrt ;Ldf lgwf{lt uL s[lif, pBf
u Jofkfdf xf]8afhL ufP qmdzM ;fdflhs kljt{g ub}{ ;dfhjfbsf] :yfkgf ug]{ sfdf ljZjf;
Vg] fhgLlts l;4fGt lgDg kh F LjfbL jf c;fDojfbL ;dfhjfb . ~ ;dfhjfbL lj) k|hftflGq
s ;dfhjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] k|hftflGqs ;dfhjfbsf] cgofoL . k|hflt gf) [;+)] != Pp6} d"
n hfltleqsf ;fgf;fgf hflt Pp6} hfltleqsf] csf]{ hflt . @= k|f0fL, jg:klt cflbsf k
|dv hfltsf] sg} zfvf . ~ ;hgg gf) != c;n ;Gtlt hGdfpg] lqmof . @= c;n k|hflt k
}bf ug]{ lqmof . ~ ;+xf gf) != Pp6} hfltcGtu{tsf k|hfltxdf k:kdf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
815

k|hftLok|0flogL ljfg\xsf] ;ef ljt\klifb\ . k|1fjfg\ lj) [;+)] gofFgofF sf ;f]Rg]
ug]{ al4 ePsf] k|1f ePsf] (JolQm) . k|1fj[4 lj) [;+)] pd] w]} gePsf] eP tfklg klkSj
al4 ePsf] al4n] l5lKkPsf] al4df h]7f] al4n] h]7f] . k|1fxLg lj) [;+)] al4xLg .
k|Hjng gf) [;+)] fd|f]l;t aNg] lqmof fd|f] anfO . n ] , zLn lj) cfufsf] ;fgf] lemN
kbf{ klg alnxfNg] (k]6f af?b O)) . k|Hjlnt lj) [;+)] Psbd an]sf] bGs]sf] . k|0f gf)
[;+)] != b[9 lgZro k|lt1f . @= c7f]6 ;\sNk . k|0ft lj) [;+)] != lgx]sf] gx]sf] lj
. @= k|0ffd ug{ ems]sf] 9f]Ug lgxs ] f] . #= ljgozLn ljgd| . $= z0ffut cfl>t . kf
fns gf) != cfgf] z0fdf cfpg] k|f0fLsf] Iff ug]{ k?if bLgbMvLxsf] Iff ug]{ JolSt .
{Zj . > k|0flt gf) != dfGohgxsf cufl8 emSg], gxg  ] lgxg] lqmof . @= gd:sf k|0f
. #= ljgozLntf gd|tf . $= lgj]bg k|fy{gf . k|0fDo lj) [;+)] k|0ffd ugk { g]{ gd:sf u
g{ of]Uo 9f]Ugkg]{ gd:sfo{ . k|0fo gf) [;+)] != dfofn zAbdf ulPsf] laGtLefp k|d ] k
"js { ulPsf] k|fy{gf k|Lltk"j{ssf] lgj]bg . @= k|]d k|Llt dfof . ~ snx gf) != k|]dsf
sfnfO{ lnP gfos gflosfsf aLrdf xg] emu8f gfos gflosfaLrsf] k|d ] ljifos ljjfb . @
= leq Pscsf{df k|d ] xb F fxb F } klg aflxaf6 ulg] emu8f . ~ sf]k gf) k|]dsf sfnf
O{ lnP gfos gflosfsf aLrdf b]vf kg]{ agfj6L l; aflxL l; . k|0fog lj) [;+)] != sg}
f] rgf lgdf{0f . @= sg} sf n}hfg] lqmof . #= ;flxlTos u|Gy, sfJo, n]v cflbsf] k|:
tlt jf n]vg . k|0fo ktnL gf) [;+) k|0fo ktnL] != k|d ] n] ubf{ ktnLh:t} Jojxf ulP
sL gfL k|]dsL ktnL . @= k|]ldsf dfofn . k|0fo e\u gf) [;+)] != gfos gflosfsf] k|]d
f] 66fO k|Llte\u . @= ljZjf;3ft . k|0fo leIff gf) [;+)] gfos jf gflosfdWo] sg} Ps
n] csf{;u F k|]d ug{ u]sf] cgf]w . k|0fo ;v gf) [;+)] k|d ] L k|l] dsfaLrsf] k|d
] sf] ;v k|d ] af6 kfOg] ;v k|0fofgGb . k|0flotf gf) [;+)] != lax] u] nfg] klt k|]d
k|0foL . @= k|0fo . k|0flogL lj)gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ k|d ] ug]{ (:qL) k|]ldsf sfGtf K
ofL . @= k|]dsf] rfxgf ug]{ (:qL) k|]dsf nflu lgj]bg ug]{ (:qL) .

cfTd>]i7tfsf efjgfn] ubf{ pTkGg xg] hftLo e]befj . @= leGgleGg k|hfltxsf aLr Jof
jxfls k|lt:kwf{ kg{ uO{ Ps k|hfltff sg} csf{sf] ;+xf . k|hftLo lj) [;+)] k|hfltsf] k
hflt;DaGwL . ~ u0f gf) k|hfltdf xg] u0f . tf gf) k|hftLo xgfsf] efj, cj:yf jf
nIf0f . k|hfklt gf) [;+)] != k|hfsf] dflns fhf . @= k|fhfkTosf] dflns sljnfsf] g]tf
. #= a|Xdf jf a|Xdlif{ . k|hfkfns lj) [;+)] != k|hfnfO{ kfng ug]{ . gf) @= fhf . #
= k|hfklt . k|hfjtL gf) [;+)] != 5f]f5f]L ePsL :qL ;Gtfg ePsL :qL . @= ue{wf0f u]sL :
L ule{0fL . k| h f;Qf gf) [;+ ) ] k| h ftGq hgtGq u0ftGq . > k|hf;QfTds lj) k|hftflGq
s hgtflGqs u0ftflGqs . k|1 lj) [;+)] != rt tyf al4dfg\ hfGg]ag] . @= ljfg\ kl08t
gf) != k|1 xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf fd|f] 1fg . @= ljQf kfl08To . k|1lKt gf) [;+)] != hgf
pg] jf ;"lrt ug]{ sfd . @= lj1lKt ;"rgf . k|1f gf) [;+)] != gofFgofF sf ;f]Rg ;Sg]
jf sNkgf ug{ ;Sg] dfgl;s zlSt ulxf] sf ;f]Rg ;Sg] al4 ljj]s . @= ljlzi6 1fg . ~ s]
Gb| gf) k|fl1s klifb\sf] ;lrjfnosf kdf sfd ug]{ ljZjljBfnoLo Ps lgsfo ljZjljBfnodf k
f7qmd, kf7k:ts lzIf0fk4ltsf] lgdf{0fh:tf k|fl1s sfo{ ug]{ k|zf;lgs ;\u7g . rIf gf
!= dfgl;s b[li6 k|an ePsf] JolSt k|1f g} cfFvf ePsf] JolQm 1fgrIf . @= 7"nf] ljfg
\ d]wfjL . #= cGwf] . $= rd{rIfsf ljkLt cGtrIf 1fgrIf . > k|1ft lj) ljz]if kdf 1ft
ePsf] jf hflgPsf] . k|1fks lj) [;+)] != k|1fkg ug]{ . @= ;"lrt ug]{ lj1fks . k|1fk
g gf) [;+)] sg} 36gf, ljifo jf sfsf] hgfp lbg] sfd ;"rgf lj1fkg . kq gf) != ljj0f
t clwsfk"j{s sg} sfsf] hgfp lbg] kq . @= Joj;foL, JofkfLxn] ljb]zaf6 dfn;fdfg lems
fpgsf nflu rflxg]hlt vr{sf] ljj0f vnfO{ ;DalGwt ;sfL c8\8fdf lbg] cf}krfls kq . #=
JofkfLxn] ljb]zaf6 lemsfPsf] dfn;fdfgsf] ljj0f n]vL eG;fdx;n ltg{ lbOg] cf}krfls kq
. k|1fkf/ldtf gf) [;+)] != af}4wd{df ;j{1tf jf 1fgsf] k"0f{tfsf nflu k|oSt xg]
zAb . @= 1fgsf] cj:yfnfO{ kf/ ug]{ l:ylt ;a} s/f hfGg]ag] l:ylt ;j{1tf 1fgk"0f{tf .
#= Ps k|l;4 af}4 u|Gysf] gfd . k|1fk|lti7fg gf) [;+)] != x]) g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fg .
@=

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|0flogLk|ltlqmof k|0foL lj) [;+)] != k|d ] ug]{ k|d ] L cgfuL . @= k|d ] sf] rfxgf
ug]{ k|]dfsf\IfL . #= k|0fooSt k|0fozLn . gf) $= k|d ] ug]{ JolQm k|d ] L . %= nf]U
g] klt . k|0fj gf) [;+)] != sf cf]+Wjlg . @= kd]Zj . k|0ffd gf) [;+)] lgx ] jf e
ug]{ lqmof gd:t] ug]{ sfd gd:sf . > k|0ffdf~hln gf) k|0ffd ug{sf lglDt bO{ xftsf kG
hf hf]8] ulg] k|0ffd sa4 k|0ffd . k|0ffdL gf) != d"lt{kh " fdf ljZjf; ug]{ Ps k|sfsf]
s[i0felQm;Dk|bfo . lj) @= k|0ffd ug]{ . k|0ffnL gf) [;+)] != 7"n7"nf bO{ hndfu{n
fO{ hf]8\g] ;fgf] hn;|f]t . @=sg} sfd ug]{ ljlw k4lt Llt tlsf . #= kDkf k|yf . k|0
) [;+)] agfOPsf] jf lrPsf] lrt lgld{t . k|0f]tf gf) [;+)] != k:ts n]Vg] JolQm u|Gysf
rgf ug]{ JolQm n]vs rlotf . @= sg} j:t jf sf agfpg] JolQm lgdf{tf . #= sg} l;4fG
jf dtsf] k|jt{s cfljisfs . k|tf8s lj) [;+)] != tf8gf lbg] jf 76fpg] lk6\g] (JolQm)
. gf) @= tf8gf lbg] JolSt lk6\g] JolQm . #= si6 jf kL8f lbg] JolSt, j:t jf 36gf
. k|tf8gk|tf8gf gf) [;+)] != lk6fO tf8gf . @= si6 kL8f . k|tfl8t lj) != lkl6Psf] rl6
sf] . @=uf]tf kfPsf] . k|tfg gf) [;+)] sg} nxf cflbdf lg:sg] g\u|f . k|tfk gf) [;+)
] != cfgf ljf]wL jf zqnfO{ q:t agfpg ;Sg] zlSt ljf]wL jf zqnfO{ bafpg ;Sg] jLtf . @
= fhf jf zlQmzfnL JolQmsf] k|eTj jf ;fdYo{af6 pTkGg t]h . #= k?iffy{ kf}v jLtf . ~
dNn gf) ljqmdsf] ;qf}F ztfAbLdf sf7df8f}d F f zf;g ug]{ ljBf snfk|d ] L Ps k|l;4
slj fhf . (sf7df8f}Fsf] k|l;4 fgLkf]vL log}n] agfPsf xg\) . jfg\ lj) k|tfkL . l;+x
zfx gf) lj) ;+) !*)*df hGdL lj) ;+) !*#!df fhu2Ldf a:g] lj) ;+) !*#$df lbj\ut xg]
fnsf zfxj+zLo bf];|f fhf . > k|tfkL lj) k|z:t zlSt ;fdYo{ ePsf] 7"nf] k|tfk ePsf] k|
tfkjfg\ . k|tfs gf) [;+)] 7Ug] JolQm 7u . k|tf0fk|tf0ff gf) [;+)] != 7Ug] sfd 5n5fd
. @= 7uL j~rg . k|tflt lj) [;+)] != 7luPsf] jl~rt . @= 5n]sf] wf]sf lbOPsf] . k|lt g
) of]) [;+)] != lt tkm{ kl . @= dfly pk . #= af] ljifodf ;DaGwdf lgldQ . gf) $= s
, kqklqsf cflbsf] ;\Vof sg} lhG;Lsf] PsfO uf]6f yfg cbt . pk) %= zAb jf wftsf] clul
Nt hf]l8P s]xL gofF cy{ aemfpg] pk;u{ (h:t} k|ltlglw, k|lti7fg,
816

k|ltlqmof O)) . pQ gf) != jfbLn] lbPsf] phLdf k|ltjfbLn] lbg] pQsf] a]xf]f n]lvPsf]
sfut k|ltjfbLkq . @= cfgf] gfpFdf k]sf] lkmfbkqadf]lhdsf] bfjL s;af6 km;{b kfpgsf l
glDt cbfntdf lbOg] hjfkmL sfuh . syg gf) s;}sf] egfOpksf] hjfkmL egfO s;}n] sg} sf
eg]sf]df hjfkmdf elgg] sf . stf{ gf) != abnf lng] JolSt ;f6f] k]mg]{ JolSt . lj)
@= ;f6f] k]mg]{ abnf lng] . k|ltsf gf) [;+)] != cn] u]sf] cksfsf abnfdf ulg] cksf
sf] xflg, gf]S;fgL jf clxtsf abnfdf ulg] sfo{ ;f6f] k]mg]{ sfd abnf lng] sfd . @= s
;}sf] hUufhldg, ;DklQ cflbdf sAhf u] k l5 abnfdf Ifltk"lt{sf lglDt lbOg] sd . > k|
ltsffTds lj) != k|ltsfsf nflu ulg] . @= f]usf] k|efjnfO{ sd ug]{ jf f]usf] f]syfd ug
(cf}ifwL) . #= To:tf] f]syfdsf nflu pkfo;fy ulg] (;]jf) . $= sg} cksfsf] abnf:jk ;f
6f] k]mg{ p7fOg] (sbd, kfOnf] cflb) . k|ltsfo{ lj) != ;f6f] k]mgd { flkmssf] . @
= ltgd { flkmssf] . gf) #= C0f shf{ . $= bJo{jxf . k|lts"n lj) [;+)] != cfk"mn] ;
f]r]sf] jf rfx]sf] eGbf pN6f] cgs"n gePsf] gldNbf] clxt ug]{ ljkLt lj?4 . @= cfgf]
df gePsf] k|ltkIfL ljf]wL . #= sg} sfsf] klg pN6f] laANofF6f] lalkpF . tf gf) k|
xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf k|lts"n jf lj?4 xg] l:ylt ce]s . Tj gf) k|lts"ntf . k|lts[lt
gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] :jk h:tf] 5 To:t} kfL agfOPsf] k|ltdf s;}sf] cgxfsf] jf cfs[lts
f] cgs0f u] agfOPsf] d"lt{ k|ltd"lt{ . @= k|ltlaDa . #= k|ltsf k|ltsfo{ . k|ltqmflGt
f) [;+)] sg} qmflGtsf] ljf]wdf ulg] qmflGtsf] pN6f] qmflGt k|ltlqmofjfbLxff zf;g;Qf
Tofpg ulg] qmflGt . sfL lj) k|ltqmflGt ug]{ jf k|ltqmflGtdf nfUg] k|ltqmflGtsf] ;xef
uL . jfb gf) k|ltqmflGtsf] ;dy{s l;4fGt . jfbL lj) k|ltqmflGtjfbsf] cgofoL . k|lt
lqmof gf) [;+)] != sg} 36gf jf lqmof xb F f To;sf] kmn:jk xg] lqmof jf efjgf .
@= sg} 36gf jf sfo{ xb F f xg] dgsf] l:ylt jf dgdf kg]{ k|efj . #= k|lts"n l:
yltdf jf ljkLt cj:yfdf xg] sfo{ ljf]w . $= dgsf] ljf]wL l:ylt . %= kl0ffd . ^= GfTd
ltsjfbL bz{gsf cg;f ljjfb pTkGg eO;s]kl5 jfbsf tkm{af6 ;+jfb pTkGg eO;s]kl5 ljjf
bsf tkm{af6 xg hfg] ef}lts, ;fdflhs jf cfly{s k|lqmof . > k|ltlqmofTds lj) != k|
ltlqmofsf kdf ePsf] jf ulPsf] k|ltlqmofsf] kmn:jk ePsf] jf ulPsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
817

k|ltIf0fk|ltglt ulPsf] sfut k|lt1fk"0f{ sfut salnotgfdf . ~ kq dbf | gf) sg} lglZ
rt JolStnfO{ jf kqjfxsnfO{, tf]lsPsf] ltlydf, tf]lsPsf] sd lbpFnf egL sg} JolSt
jf ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 n]lvPsf] kq jrgkq sankq . k|lt1fkg gf) [;+)] ;f]lwPkl5 jf ljz]i
f kn] lbOPsf] hfgsfL . k|lt1f kfng gf) [;+)] cfk"mn] u]sf] k|lt1f kfng ug]{ sfd jrg k
"f ug]{ sfd af]nsansf] kfngf . k|lt1f e\u gf) [;+)] != k|lt1f e\u xgfsf] l:ylt, lsl
;d jf qmd . lj) @= k|lt1faf6 em]sf] k|lt1f e\u ePsf] k|lt1fRot (JolQm) . k|lttngf g
f) [;+)] sg} bO{ sfsf aLrdf kms, c;dfgtf jf cGt b]vfO{ ltgnfO{ bfFHg] sfd leGgtfd
"ns tngf Jolt]sL tngf . k|ltbfg gf) [;+)] != cfk"mnfO{ sg} j:t lbg] JolStnfO{ s
[t1tf:jk cfk"mn] klg s]xL lbg] sfd . @= s;}n] fVg lbPsf] jf s;}af6 NofOPsf] j:t l
au|gefFlrg uPdf To;sf] abnfdf csf]{ j:t lbg] sfd ;fegf{ lbg] sfd ;fegf{ . k|ltbfaL g
f) [;+) k|lt c) bfjf O{] s;}n] sg} j:t jf ljifodf u]sf] bfaLdf klxn] bfaL ug]{n] eG
bf a9L k|df0f kofP k]ml csf{n] u]sf] bfaL . k|ltlbg lqm)lj) [;+)] x]s lbg k|To]s lb
glbg} lbgxF . k|ltG gf) [;+)] != zlSt, ;fdYo{ cflbsf b[li6n] ;dfg bO{ JolStsf] cfk
;L ljf]w jf emu8f . @= k|ltGLsf] kIf ljf]wL efj . #= ;\3if{ 6Ss ljf]w le8Gt . >
= zlSt, ;fdYo{ cflbsf b[li6n] ;dfg bO{ JolStsf] cfk;L emu8f . @= sg} sfdsfdf ;k
mntf xfl;n ug{ bO{ JolQmsf aLrsf] xf]8afhL k|ltof]lutf . #= k|ltGL xgfsf] efj k|ltG
. k|ltGL lj) != cfdGg];fdGg] eP k:k lel8g] k:k dsflanf ug]{ k|lt:kwL{ . @= ljk
. k|ltwff gf) [;+)] != ;flxTo, fhgLlt, bz{g cflbsf If]qdf k|rlnt sg} ljrf, dfGotf c
flbsf abnfdf rn]sf] csf]{ ljrf jf dfGotf . @= Pp6f wffsf] abnfdf rn]sf] csf]{ wff .
| sf] ljkLt csf]{ wj | . k|ltwj | gf) [;+)] Pp6f wj k|ltWjgg gf) [;+)] k|ltWjl
gt xg] lqmof uh F fO jf 3GsfO . k|ltWjlg gf) [;+)] != WjlgpTklQ:yfgaf6 uP cGt sxLF
7Ss vfgfn] kms]{ cfpFbf ;lgg] cfjfh 6f9f;Dd kuL kms]{ cfPsf] Wjlg k|ltzAb u~hg u
fO . @= cfjfh 3Gsg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj 3GsfO . k|ltglt gf) [;+)] df]8bf kxf8sf] df
lylt df]l8Psf] efu ckgt .

k| l tlqmofaf6 k} b f ePsf] . @= s;} s f ;xfotfsf] k|ltlqmof:jk ulg] (;xof]u) . jf

b gf) pGglt, ;wf cflbsf lj?4 jf ljkLt cfr0f ug]{ l;4fGt gofF kljt{g, j}1flgs tyf k|u
tzLn ljrfwff cflbsf] ljf]w zf]if0fhGo ;fdflhs Joj:yfsf] ;dy{g ug]{, k|ultjfbsf] ljf]
wL l;4fGt . jfbL lj) k|ltlqmofjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ k|ltlqmofjfbsf] ;dy{s jf cgofoL .
k|ltIf0f lqm)lj) [;+)] PsPs If0fdf x]s If0fdf l5gl5gdf xd];f lgGt . k|ltIf]ks gf)
rnlrq cflb 5fof\sg ubf{ b[Zo jf kfqljz]ifdf k|sfz lbg] pks0f (ln]S6) . k|ltudg gf) [;
)] kl5lNt kms{g] sfd kmsf{O lkmtf]{ k|Tofudg . k|ltuh{gk|ltuh{gf gf) [;+)] cfgf lj?4
{gn ] fO{ k|ToQsf kdf ;gfOg] uhf{O . k|ltufdL lj) [;+)] != pN6f] lbzflt lxF8\g] cuf
l8 a9\gfsf] ;f6f] k5fl8 ;g]{ ljkLt lbzflt hfg] . @= pGglt, k|ult, gofF kljt{g, ;wf c
flbsf] ljf]w ug]{ k|ltlqmofjfbL . ~ tj gf) k|ltlqmofjfbL tj . k|ltu|xk|ltu|x0f gf) [
] != s;}f/f wdf{y{ lbOPsf] j:t bfg:jk lbOPsf] j:t . @= csf{n] lbPsf] j:t u|x0f u
g]{ sfd bfg lng] sfd . #= bfg . k|ltu|xLk|ltu|fxsk|ltu|fxL lj)gf) k|ltu|x0f ug]{ JolS
t . k|lt3ft gf) [;+)] s;}n] u]sf] 3ftsf] abnfdf ulg] cf3ft s;}n] cfk"mnfO{ k|xf u]df
bnfdf ulg] k|xf k|Tof3ft . > k|lt3ftsk|lt3ftL lj) k|lt3ft ug]{ . k|ltrfng gf) [;+)] !
abnfdf sg} sfsf] klrfng ug]{ sfd . @= sg} sfsf] afaf klrfng ug]{ sfd . k|ltrflnt
j) [;+)] != abnfdf klrfng ulPsf] . @= afaf klrfng ulPsf] . k|ltlrGtg gf) [;+)] != af
sf] lrGtg afaf ;f]Rg] sfd . @= abnfdf ulPsf] lrGtg . k|ltR5lj gf) [;+)] != k|ltlaDa 5
of . @= lrq tl:a . k|ltR5fof gf) [;+)] != k|ltlaDa . @= k|ltdf k|lts[lt d"lt{ . k|lth
LjL gf)lj) [;+)] zLdf cg]s k|sfsf f]u pTkGg ug]{ hLjf0f jf f]uf0fxnfO{ dfg{ ;Sg]
OPsf] (cf}ifwL) PlG6afof]l6s . k|lt1f gf) [;+)] sg} sfd k"f ug{ jf gug{ ulPsf] c7f]
6 sg} sfdsf ug{ jf gug{ ulPsf] ;\sNk sg} sfdsf ug{ jf gug{ lbOPsf] jrg b[9 lgZ
an san s;d lslof zky k|0f . ~ kq gf) sfd ug]{ jf gug],{ sg} sf lbg] jf glbg] cf
aGwdf b[9 lgZro JoSt

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|ltgfbk|ltk|efj k|ltgfb gf) [;+)] k|ltWjlg uFhfO 3GsfO . > k|ltgflbt lj) uFlhPsf]
lGsPsf] . k|ltgfos gf) [;+)] gf6s jf sfJodf dVo gfossf] k|ltGL kfq k|ltGL gfos vngf
. k|ltlglw gf) [;+)] != sg} JolQmn] ugk { g]{ sfd ug{ ;f] sfd;Fu ;DalGwt JolSts
f tkm{af6 lgoSt csf]{ cflwsfls JolSt csf{n] ugk { g]{ sfdsfsf] cflwsfls cleeff lng
] JolSt jfl; jf]; ud:tf . @= sg} ju{, ;dfh jf :yfgljz]ifsf hgtfn] cfgf ;fdf sfd ug
f fo lbg rg] jf ljZjf; u] k7fPsf] JolSt . ~ tGq gf) hgk|ltlglwdfk{mt rNg] fHoJoj:yf
~ tGqfTdstflGqs lj) k|ltlglwtGqsf] k|ltlglwtGq ePsf] . Tj gf) k|ltlglwsf] sfo{, clw
sf jf st{Jo . ~ kq gf) != sg} JolQmnfO{ cfgf] k|ltlglwsf kdf sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cf
lbdf pkl:yt eP fo lbg jf sfd ug{ n]lvlbPsf] clwsfkq . @= sg} sfdsf] ugf{sf lglDt s
g} JolStnfO{ k|ltlglwsf kdf k7fpFbf k|df0f:jk n]v] lbOg] sfut jfl;gfdf . ~ d08n gf)
g} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cflbdf pkl:yt eP sfd ug{ s;} s f tkm{ a f6 k7fOPsf k|ltlglwxsf]
;d"x . ~ ;Qf gf) k|ltlglwtGq . ~ ;QfTds lj) k|ltlglwtGqfTds k|ltlglwtflGqs . ~ ;ef
gf) != hgtfaf6 rlgP uPsf k|ltlglwxsf] ;ef hgk|ltlglwxsf] ;ef . @= ;+;bLo Joj:yfdf l
jwflosfsf] tNnf] ;bg hgk|ltlglwxaf6 ag]sf] ;ef lgDg ;bg . k|ltlgod gf) [;+)] != ;fdf
Go lgodnfO{ sf6\g] ljz]if lgod ckjfbsf] lgod . lqm) lj) @= x]s lgod k|To]s lgod x]s l
goddf lgod}lkR5] . k|ltlgoSt lj) [;+)] != k|ltlglw jf cwLg:y sd{rfLsf kdf lgoSt ulP
sf] jf k7fOPsf] . @= Pp6fsf abnfdf csf]{ lgoSt ePsf] . > k|ltlgolSt gf) != s;}n
fO{ k|ltlgoSt ug]{ sfd . @= ;fegf{sf] lgolQm . k|ltkIf gf) [;+)] != s;};Fu zqtf
k"0f{ ;DaGw fVg] csf]{ kIf ljf]wL kIf ljkIf . @= zq . #= k|ltjfbL . tf gf) k|ltkIf
gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljf]w . ~ g]tf gf) bnut zf;gk|0ffnL ePsf b]zdf k|ltlglw;efdf ;sfs
f gLlt, sfo{qmd cflbsf] ljf]w ug]{ g]tf k|ltkIfL g]tf ljf]wL g]tf . > k|ltkIfL lj) cf
k"m;Fu zqtfk"0f{ ;DaGw fVg] kIfsf] ljf]wL kIfsf] zqkIfsf] ljf]wL k|ltGL . k|ltkq
)] fi6 Aof\sn] csf]{ Aof\s \ sf gfddf n]vs ] f], kmnfgfsf] olt ?lkofFn] vfd]sf] r]s,
8f6 jf xG8L cflb :jLsf ug"{ egL n]v]sf] kq . > k|ltkqs gf) s;}nfO{ lbOPsf] jf k7fO
Psf] (bf];f | ]) 6qmfsf] k|ltlnlk jf ;\lIfKt ljj0f ePsf], r]ssf] lstfa, rnfgaxL, l
;baxL cflbdf
818

gTyL ePsf] 6qmf . k|ltkb lqm)lj) [;+)] != kfOnfkfOnfdf x]s kfOnfdf kfOn}lkR5] . @=
kbkbdf x]s kbdf . #= zAbzAbdf zAb}lkR5] . k|ltkbf gf) [;+)] zSn jf s[i0fkIfsf] klxn
f] ltly cdfjf:of jf k"l0f{dfkl5 nuQ} cfpg] ltly k]jf . k|ltkLIf0f gf) [;+)] cbfntdf s
g} d2fdfldnfsf ;fIfL cflbn] aofg lbFbf aofg ;fFrf], e"m6f] s]s;f] xf], s]xL jf:
tljs sf nsfOPsf]l5kfOPsf] 5 jf 5}g eGg] kQf nufpg pN6fkfN6f, af\ufl6\uf k|Zg ug]{
sfd PskN6 ;fIfL als;s]sfnfO{ k]ml ;fIfL asfpg] sfd . k|ltkfbs lj) [;+)] != sg} lji
fo, l;4fGt cflbnfO{ :ki6tfsf ;fy JofVof ug]{ fd|f]l;t aemfP eGg] ;Demfpg] vn:t kfg]
{ . @= gofF ljifo jf l;4fGtnfO{ vf]Hg] jf kQf nufpg] lgk0f ug]{ . gf) #= To;L JofVo
f ug],{ eGg], vn:t kfg],{ vf]Hg], kQf nufpg] jf lgk0f ug]{ JolSt . k|ltkfbg gf) [
;+)] != sg} ljifo, l;4fGt, lgod cflbnfO{ :ki6tfsf ;fy JofVof ug]{ jf pkklQ;lxt
:yfkgf ug]{ sfd fd|f]l;t aemfP eGg], ;Demfpg] jf vn:t kfg]{ sfd . @= gofF ljifo j
f l;4fGtnfO{ vf]Hg], kQf nufpg] sfd lgk0f ug]{ sfd . k|ltkfblotf lj) [;+)] k|ltkfbg
ug]{ k|ltkfbs . k|ltkflbt lj) [;+)] k|ltkfbg ulPsf] (ljifo, l;4fGt cflb) . k|ltkfB
lj) [;+)] k|ltkfbg ugk { g]{ k|ltkfbg ug{ nfos k|ltkfbg ug{ of]Uo . k|ltkfns lj) [
;+)] != s;}sf] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ x]rfx ug]{ k|ltkfng ug]{ kfns Ifs . gf) @= kfng jf I
ug]{ JolSt . ~ clws0f gf) cNkjo:s jf cof]Uo JolStsf ;DklQsf] k|aGw Iff ug]{ ;sfL lj
fu . k|ltkfngk|ltkfngf gf) [;+)] kfngkf]if0f ug]{ sfd x]ljrf ug]{ sfd Iff ug]{ sfd
f]if0f ;+If0f nfngkfng . > k|ltkfngLo lj) k|ltkfng ug{ nfos k|ltkfng ugk { g]{ kfNg
g]{ kfng ugk { g]{ Iff ugk { g]{ . k|ltkflnt lj) [;+)] k|ltkfng ulPsf] kfngkf]if0f
lPsf] lIft . k|ltk?if gf) [;+)] != sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cflbdf s;}sf] k|ltlglwsf kdf
sfd ug]{, dt lbg] cflb clwsf kfPsf] JolSt lgodk"js { s;}sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ JolSt
. @= jf]; ud:tf Ph]G6 . k|ltk|efj gf) [;+)] != Ps b]zsf] csf]{df jf Ps JolStsf] csf
]{df kg]{ kf:kls k|efj Pp6fdf kg]{ csf{sf] k|efj . @= kl5Nnf] k:tfsf JolStaf6 cluN
nf] k:tfsf JolStdf k]sf] k|efj jf c; .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
819

k|ltk|Zgk|ltof]lutfTds ug{ ;S5 jf ugk { 5{ eGg] l;4fGt . @= ljZjsf k|To]s j:tnf

O{ O{Zjsf] k|ltlaDa dfGg] Ps l;4fGt . #= ljDajfb k|ltljDasf] l;4fGt . > k|ltlalDat
lj) P]gf, kfgL cflb 6nsbf j:tdf afXo j:tsf] :ki6 k|ltk b]lvPsf] 5fof k]sf] k|ltljDa
k]sf] k|ltljlDat . k|ltaf]w gf) [;+)] hfu[lt hfu0f ;r]ttf xf]; . > k|ltaf]ws lj) k
]w lbg] jf ldnfpg] . k|ltaf]wg gf) k|ltaf]w sfo{ k|ltaf]w . k|ltaf]lwt lj) k|ltaf]w
u]sf] jf ulPsf] . k|ltaf]wL lj) k|ltaf]w ug]{ hfu|t\ ePsf] 1fg kfpg OR5s . k|ltef gf
[;+)] != gofFgofF sfsf] sNkgf ug{ ;Sg] snfTds, df}lns tyf rgfTds efj, s[lt cflb k
|:tt ug{ ;Sg] c;fwf0f tLj|tf k|vtf ePsf] ;xh al4 jf dfgl;s zlSt k|1f . @= sg} kl
g sfd ljz]if of]Uotfsf ;fy ug{ ;Sg] al4an . #= k|sfzsf] rds k|ef 6ns 6xs . jfg\ lj)
!= k|ltefzfnL . @= rdsbf . zfnL lj) k|ltef ePsf] k|ltefoSt (JolQm) . k|ltef; gf) [
;+)] != dgn] ;lDemx]sf] dflg; jf j:t b]vh ] :tf] xg] lqmof cfef; k|tLlt efg ememNsf
] . @= e|d xg] lqmof e|d . k|ltdf gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] jf:tljs jf slNkt kcg;f agfOP
sf] sf7, df6f], kTy, wft cflbsf] d"lt{ cgs[lt . @= k"hf ubf{ sg} b]jtfsf] d"lt{
sf] k|tLs :jk flvPsf] 9\uf, ;g, rfFbL cflbsf] 6qmf] k|ltd"lt{ . #= sg} dVo kbfy
{ jf JolStsf cefjdf To:t} sg} csf]{ kbfy{ jf JolQmsf] j0f{g ubf{ xg] sfJofn\sf .
k|ltdfg gf) [;+)] != k|ltlaDa 5fof . @= u0f, cfsf k|sf hfGgsf lglDt lemlsPsf], agfO
Psf] jf sf]lPsf] j:t jf j:t s f] c+ z gd g f . #= k| l tof] l utfTds sfdsfafO{xd
f gdgfsf kdf sfod ulPsf] dflyNnf] :t jf dfg cfbz{ b[i6fGt . k|ltdf; lqm) lj) [;+)] x
dlxgfdf dlxg}lkR5] . k|ltdv gf) [;+)] != gf6ssf k~r;lGwdWo] bf];f | ] ;lGw laGb
oTgsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;lGw . @= dvsf] 5fof . lj) #= dvsf cl3lNtsf] ;Ddvsf] ;fdGg]
sf] . k|ltd"lt{ gf) [;+)] sg} j:t jf JolStsf] cfs[ltsf] cgs[lt k|ltdf . k|ltof]
lutf gf) [;+)] != an, al4, of]Uotf cflbdf cnfO{ lhTg] ljrfn] bfFlhg] jf lel8g] lqm
of . @= an, of]Uotf cflbsf b[li6n] bfFlhg cfpg] JolStxsf] Psn] csf]{nfO{ lhTg] k|
oTg . #= k|ltof]uL xgfsf] efj k|lt:kwf{ xf]8afhL . k|ltof]lutfTds lj) [;+)] k|ltof
]lutfsf nflu tof ulPsf] k| l tof] l utfsf b[ l i6n] cfof] l ht k| l tof] l utf;DaGwL
, k|lt:kwf{Tds . ~ kLIff gf) k|ltof]lutfff pQd JolStnfO{

k|ltk|Zg gf) [;+)] k|Zg ug]{nfO{ pQ lbgsf] ;f6f] ;f]lwPsf] k|Zg s;}sf] k|Zgsf] hjf
kmsf kdf ulPsf] k|Zg k|Zg ;f]Wg] JolQmnfO{ pN6} k|Zg ;f]Wg] sfd . k|ltk|i] f0f gf) [
;+)] sg} cfj]bgkq cflbsf ;DaGwdf :jLs[lt jf cfjZos sfafO{sf lglDt ;DalGwt pRr kb
flwsfLsf ;dIf k7fpg] sfo{ sg} ljjfbf:kb jf ;Gb]xoSt ljifodf lglZrt lg0f{o ug{ jf
;+zo d]6fpgsf nflu ljz]if1 jf hfgsfsf ;dIf k7fpg] sfo{ . k|ltkmn gf) [;+)] != sg
} sfsf] lgrf]8 lgisif{ . @= s;}n] csf{k|lt u]sf u0f jf cju0fsf cgk fd|f] jf gfd|f
kl0ffd . #= sg} sfsf] kmn glthf kl0ffd . $= bO{ jf bOe { Gbf a9L ansf] ;lDd>0faf
6 lg:s]sf] ult jf kl0ffd . > k|ltkmng gf) != sg} sfdsf lgrf]8df lgisif{ lgSng] lq
mof . @= k|ltkmn lg:sg] lqmof . k|ltkmlnt lj) sg} sfdsf] glthfsf kdf k|fKt ePsf] l
gisif{:jk k|fKt ePsf] k|ltkmnsf kdf k|fKt ePsf] . k|lta4 lj) [;+)] != sg} ljrf, l;4f
Gt cflbaf6 afFlwPsf] jf To;k|lt k"fk" lgi7f fVg] . @= kfljfls, ;fdflhs cflb bfloTjn]
hsl8Psf] . #= sg} lsl;dsf] jfrfaGwgdf kflPsf] san ufOPsf] . k|ltaGw gf) [;+)] != s
g} JolSt, ;\3, ;+:yf cflbsf ultljlwnfO{ ;Lldt kfg]{ jf f]s nufpg] sfd s;}sf] sg}
sfdsfdf aGb]h nufpg] sfd f]s f]sfj6 cjf]w . @= ljg afwf . #= sg} sf jf sfddf n
8\sf] . $= afFWg] sfd aGwg . > k|ltaGws lj) f]s nufpg] ljWgafwf pkl:yt ug]{ k|ltaGw n
ufpg] . k|ltaGwfTds lj) != k|ltaGw nfu]sf] k|ltaGw ePsf] . @= sg} k|;\udf klxn] ug
{ kfOg] eg] pNn]v ePsf sfdsfdf vf; l:yltdf k|ltaGw nufpg] p2]Zon] n]lvPsf] eOx]sf]
k|fjwfg jf sfdsfdf k|ltaGw nufpg] lsl;dsf] (jfSo) . k|ltalGwt lj) f]s nfu]sf] k|lta
Gw nfu]sf] . k|ltafws lj) [;+)] k|ltafwf pkl:yt ug]{ . k|ltafwf gf) [;+)] sg} afw
fsf ;fdf cfk"mn] klg pkl:yt u]sf] afwf . > k|ltaflwt lj) != f]lsPsf] jf f]ss ] f] . @
= afwfljf]w ulPsf] . k|ltlaDa gf) [;+)] != P]gf, kfgL cflbdf k|sfz kbf{ csf{kl kg]{
To;}sf cfsfsf] 6ns jf 5fof k|ltlaDa . @= P]gf, kfgL cflb 6nsbf j:tdf b]lvg] afXo j
:tsf] :ki6 k|ltk k|ltR5fof . #= d"lt{ . $= lrq . > k|ltlaDas lj) k|ltlaDa k|bfg ug
]{ jf kfg]{ . ~ lqmof gf) zLdf sg} j:tn] 5f]OlbFbf :gfodf JoSt xg] k|ltlqmof .
k|ltlaDag gf) k|ltlaDa pTkGg ug]{ jf xg] lqmofk|lqmof . jfb gf) != slj jf snfsfn]
j:thut\sf] k|ltljDa dfq pkl:yt

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|ltof]uLk|ltjfbL sg} kb, k:sf cflb lbgsf] nflu lnOg] kLIff . k|ltof]uL gf) [;+)] !
= an, of]Uotf cflbdf c;Fu bfFlhg cfpg] JolSt sg} sfdsfsf] k|lt:kwf{df efu lng] jf
lng nfos JolSt . @= sg} sfdsfsf] ljf]wdf pleg] JolSt . lj) #= an, of]Uotf cflbs
f b[li6n] afaLsf] k|ltGL ljf]wL . k|ltIfs lj) [;+)] leqL, aflxL cfqmd0faf6 jf cGo
fsf] vfaLaf6 cfgf kIfsf hgtfnfO{ jf b]znfO{ hf]ufpg] k|ltIff ug]{ . k|ltIf0f gf) [;+
!= k|ltIff ug]{ lqmof jf sfd . @= k|ltIff . k|ltIff gf) [;+)] leqLaflxL cfqmd0faf6, c
o ljklQaf6 jf f]uJoflwaf6 cfk"mnfO{, cfgf kIfsfnfO{ tyf cfgf] b]znfO{ arfpg] sfd k|l
tIf0f . ~ cfof]u gf) != cfgf] b]z jf hgtfsf] k|ltIff;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg u7g ulPsf] c
fof]u . @= Iff;DaGwL ljleGg sfo{xsf] ;Dkfbg ug{ ul7t cfof]u . ~ Joo gf) sg} klg b]
zsf] ;sfn] cfgf] b]zsf] k|ltIffsf lgldQ ug]{ vr{ cfqmd0f cflbaf6 b]znfO{ hf]ufpg ulg]
vr{ . > k|ltlIft lj) cfqmd0f cflbaf6 hf]ufOPsf] k|ltIff ulPsf] . k|ltk gf) [;+)] sg
olSt jf j:tl;t k jf cfs[ltdf ldNg] csf]{ JolQm jf j:t sg} JolSt jf j:tsf] kh:t}
k (lrq, d"lt{, k|ltdf cflb) . > k|ltks gf) != k|ltk . @= hfnL jf gSsnL kq, l;Ssf cf
lb . k|ltf]w gf) [;+)] != sg} lsl;dsf] cfqmd0f, ank|of]unfO{ f]Sg] sfd . @= s;}n]
ug{ nfu]sf] sfddf afwf pkl:yt ug]{ sfd f]s f]sfj6 afwf . #= f]usf sL6f0fxsf] cfqmd0
u le8\g ;Sg] sfd f]usf sL6f0fxsf] cfqmd0faf6 cfk"mnfO{ hf]ufpg] lqmof . > k|ltf]ws l
j) f]sfj6 k}bf ug]{ k|ltf]w ug]{ f]Sg] . k|ltf]wg gf) k|ltf]wsfo{ k|ltf]wljlw . k
lj) k|ltf]w v8f ug]{ p2]Zon] ag]sf] k|ltf]wsf nflu tof kflPsf] . k|ltf]lwt lj) k|lt
lPsf] . k|ltf]wL lj) k|ltf]w ug]{ . k|ltf]k0f gf) [;+)] != Ps 7fpFsf] la?jf csf{ 7fpF
f ;fg]{ sfd . @= zNolrlsT;f uL Pp6f k|f0fLsf] ;8]lau|s ] f] x[bosf :yfgdf csf]{ k
|f0fLsf] x[bo fVg] sfd . #= Ps 7fpFsf] 5fnf, df; cflb lemsL csf]{ 7fpFdf l;pg],
6fF:g] cflb sfd (Knfl:6s ;h{L, 6fG;KnfG6];g O)) . k|ltnfe gf) [;+)] sg} sf lbP jf
5f]8]afkt csf]{ sfsf] k|flKt cGoq uO;s]sf] jf xfO;s]sf] j:t k]ml kfpg] lqmof ud]sf
] j:tsf] kgMk|flKt kg?knlAw kgnf{{e . k|ltlnlk gf) [;+)] sg} sfutkq, n]v, rgf,
tl:a cflbsf]
820

h:tft:t} ptflPsf] jf gSsn ulPsf] k|lt gSsnk|lt gSsn . ~ clwsf gf) cfgf] jf csf{sf] n
rgf, k:ts cflbsf] k|ltlnlk ptfg]{ jf gSsn lng] kgd{b|0f jf kgM k|sfzg ufpg] s
fggL clwsf skLfO6 . > k|ltlnlks gf) sg} sfutkq, n]v, rgf cflbsf] k|ltlnlk ptfg]{ jf
gSsn ;fg]{ JolSt . k|ltlnlkt lj) k|ltlnlk lnOPsf] jf gSsn ptflPsf] (sfutkq, n]v, r
gf cflb) . k|ltn]vs gf) [;+)] k|ltlnlks . k|ltn]vg gf) [;+)] != k|ltlnlk lng] sfd ;
Ssnadf]lhd gSsn ;fg]{ sfd . @= k|ltlnlk . k|ltnf]d lj) [;+)] != gldNg] pN6f] ljkLt .
@= cs}{ uf]q, hft, u0f cflbsf] . gf) #= sg} 7fpFb]lv ;Lwf pN6f]klsf] 7fpF ljtn
. h lj) k|ltnf]d ljjfx jf k|ltnf]d ;DaGwaf6 hlGdPsf] . > k|ltnf]dg gf) != ljkLt lbz
flt df]8] ultzLntf k|bfg ug]{ lqmof ljkLt lbzflt df]8\g] lqmof . @= uf]q 5n] lax] ug]
gLlt . ~ ljjfx gf) != uf]q 5n] ulPsf] ljjfx . @= rf j0f{dWo] tNnf] j0f{sf] k?if df
lyNnf] j0f{sL :qLsf aLrsf] ljjfx . k|ltjrg gf) [;+)] != s;}n] af]ns ] f] jrgsf] p
Qdf cfPsf] jrg hjfkmsf kdf lg:s]sf] jrg hjfkm pQ . @= k|ltWjlg . #= blRsP lgsflnPsf]
jfh . k|ltj:t gf) [;+)] != zLaf6 k}bf xg] zLdf k|j]z u]sf] h}ljs tyf f;folgs j:t
lgliqmo kfg]{ j:t . @= sg} j:tl;t k jf cfs[ltdf ldNg] csf]{ j:t pkdfg . #= Pp
6f j:tsf abnfdf lbOg] csf]{ j:t . > k|ltj:t"kdf gf) bO{ k[ys\k[ys\ jfSodf leGg
zAbff pkdfg pkd]osf] Pp6} ;dfg jf ;fwf0f wd{ b]vfpFbf xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . k|ltjxg gf
;+)] != ljkLt lbzfaf6 aUg] sfd . @= ut, kfgL cflbsf] c;fdfGo lbzftkm{sf] aufO . k|
ltjfb gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] dt, ljrf, syg cflbnfO{ e"m6f] jf tYoxLg l;4 ug{ lbOPsf]
hjfkm . @= d2fdfldnfdf jfbLn] eg]sf sf jf nufPsf] cleof]unfO{ v08g ug{ lbOPsf]
hjfkm . #= sg} unt jf lrQ gag] sfsf] ljf]w v08g . $= k|ltjfbLn] lbPsf] gfln; jf g
fln;sf] lnvt . > k|ltjflbtf gf) k|ltjfbwd{ k|ltjfb ug]{ u0f jf sfo{ . k|ltjfbL gf)
[;+)] != e"m6f] jf lrQ gabf] sfsf] hjfkm lbg] JolSt csf{n] eg]sf sfsf] v08g ug]{
JolSt . @= d2fdfldnfdf jfbLsf sfsf] ljf]wdf pQ lbg] JolQm jfbLsf] emul8of . #= jfb
Ln] eg]sf sf jf nufPsf] cff]ksf] pQ n]lvPsf] kq k|ToQkq . ~ vdfOk];fO gf) k| l tjf
cbfntdf jfbLsf lkmfbsf ljkIfdf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
821

k|ltljDak|lt;sf JolSt jf c8\8f) . ~ n]v gf) sg} d2fdfldnfsf l;nl;nfdf eOx]sf] ax;sf
] ;gj  fO aGb ug{ ;jf]R { r cbfntff p;sf dftxtsf cbfntnfO{ lbOg] lnlvt cfb]z . ~
;dfj]z gf) sg} d2fsf l;nl;nfdf eOx]sf] ax; jf kk{If aGb ug{ dflyNnf] cbfntaf6
tNnf] cbfntsf GofofwLz jf d2fsf kIf jf ljkIfsf gfpFdf hfL ulg] cfb]z . k|ltif]wfl
wsf gf) != sg} klg b]zsf fi6fWoIfsf], ljwflosfff kflt jf :jLs[t sg} ljw]os jf k|:t
fO{ cdfGo 7xofpg ;Sg] clwsf . @= ;Iffklifb\ff kflt jf :jLs[t sg} k|:tfjnfO{ sfof{l
xgaf6 f]Sg ;Sg], ljZjsf kfFr fi6 cd]lsf, a]nfot, k|mfG;, ; rLgsf] ljz]ifflwsf l
wsf le6f] . k|lti7f gf) [;+)] != dfgdof{bf fVg] sfd cfb;Tsf ug]{ sfd dfg ;Ddfg OH
;}sf] fd|f] gfd rNg] lqmof fd|f] gfd oz sLlt{ . #= sg} b]jflb jf JolStljz]ifsf d"lt{
, ;flns cflbsf] ;;Ddfg ulg] :yfkgf . $= Ps kfpdf rf cIf xg] 5Gbljz]if . k|lti7fg gf
) [;+)] != :yfkgf ug]{ sfd fVg] sfd vfO . @= k|lti7fk"0f{ kdf :yflkt sg} ;+:yf . kq
f) sg} Jofkfls ;\3, ;+:yf cflbsf] ljlwjt\ :yfkgfeGbf klxn] To:tf ;+3, ;+:yf cflbs
f gfd, p2]Zo lbP ;fj{hlgs kdf k|sflzt ulg] ljlwjt\ btf{ ulg] kq . k|lti7f kq gf) [;+
] s;}sf] cfb, ;Ddfg jf k|lti7f ;"lrt ug{ lbOg] kq dfgkq . k|lti7fkg gf) [;+)] b]jfl
b d"lt{ jf JolStljz]ifsf] ;flns cflb :yfkgf ug]{ sfd ;;Ddfg ulg] :yfkgf . k|lti7fj
fg\ lj) [;+)] k|lti7f ePsf] dfg ePsf] k|ltli7t ;Ddflgt (JolSt) . k|ltli7t lj) [;+)] !
= OHhtk|lti7f ePsf] dfg;Ddfg kfPsf] . @= k|l;l4 kfPsf] k|l;4 k|Voft . k|lt;+:sf gf) [
+)] != lau|e ] Ts]sf j:tsf] dd{t hL0ff]4 { f l:yTo4f . @= kgM ;+:sf . k|lt;+:s[t l
) [;+)] dd{t ulPsf] ;wflPsf] kgM ;+:sf ulPsf] . k|lt;Tsf gf) [;+)] ;Tsfsf abnfdf
sf . k|lt;Gb]z gf) [;+)] vasf kdf k7fOPsf] hjfkm . k|lt;Gwfg gf) [;+)] != wgdf af0f
r9fpg] sfd . @= hf]8g \ ] sfd hf]8f ldnfpg] sfd . #= vf]hL ug]{ sfd vf]hL cg;Gwfg
. k|lt;sf gf) [;+)] sg} b]zdf k|ltli7t jf ljBdfg ;sfsf ljf]wdf To;} b]zsf] s]xL efud
clwsf hdfP a;]sf] jf zf;g u] a;]sf] csf]{ ;sf ;dfgfGt ;sf .

k|ltpQkqsf] k|:tlt jf k];fO . k|ltljDa gf) [;+)] x]) k|ltlaDa . k|ltljif gf) [;+)]
ljifn] kfg]{ c;/eGbf pN6f c; kf] ljifsf] lj?4 sfd ug]{ ljif jf ljiflgld{t cf}ifwL
(PlG6e]gd EoflS;g) . k|ltj]bs lj) [;+)] != k|ltj]bg k]; ug]{ . Gff) @= k|ltj]bg k]
; ug]{ JolSt . k|ltj]bg gf) [;+)] != sg} 36gf, sfo{, of]hgf cflbsf ;DaGwdf 5fgla
g, k5tf5 cflb sfo{ ul;s]kl5 ;DalGwt clwsfL jf ;ef cflbsf cufl8 k|:tt ug{ tof kflPs
f] ljj0f . @= sg} 36gf jf sfdsf af]df s;}nfO{ lbOg] sfo{ljj0f sg} 36gf jf sfdsf lj
ifodf tfnsjfnfsxfF hfx] ug]{ hfx]L l6kf]6 . k|ltj]z gf) [;+)] cf;kf;sf] 7fpF jf a:t
L l5d]s . > k|ltj]zL lj)gf) l5d]sL . k|ltJolSt lqm) lj) [;+)] != k|To]s JolStdf JolSt
lkR5] . lj) @= k|To]s JolStdf nfUg] . ~ s gf) sg} sf0fjz tf]lsPsf] ;do;Dd x]s JolSt
df nfUg] s . k|ltzt lqm) lj) [;+)] != x]s ;osf] ;\Vofdf k|To]s ;odf ;os8f ;osf ;\Vo
] . gf) @= k|To]s ;osf] vf; c+z . k|ltzAb gf) [;+)] != k|ltWjlg . @= ;dfg cy{ ae
mfpg] csf]{ zAb kof{o . lqm) lj) #= k|To]s zAbdf zAb}lkR5] . k|ltzfk gf) [;+)] s;}n
] lbPsf] zfksf] abnfdf lbOg] zfk ;fKg]nfO{ lbOg] ;fk . k|ltzNs gf) [;+)] != cfoft u
lPsf] j:t :jb]zdf pTkflbt j:teGbf ;:tf] gxf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] nufOg] zNs . @= lj
b]zff klxn] g} nufOPsf] sg} zNssf] clgi6sfL k|efj Joy{ kfg{ nufOg] s . k|ltzf]w gf)
[;+)] s;}n] u]sf] sg} cksf jf xflggf]S;fgLdf abnf lngfsf lglDt ulg] sfd ;f6f] k]mg
]{ sfd k|ltsf k|ltlx+;f abnf ;f6f]km ] fO . k|lt>j0f gf) [;+)] != fd|L ;Gg] lqmof
;gfO . @= k|lt1f c7f]6 jfrfaGwg . k|lt>t lj) [;+)] != fd|L ;lgPsf] . @= k|lt1f ulP
f] jrg lbOPsf] . > k|lt>lt gf) != k|ltjrg . @= k|ltWjlg . #= lglZrttf 7f]sj  f. k
|ltif]w gf) [;+)] != sg} c8\8fcbfntaf6 jf sg} ;+:yf, JolSt cflbaf6 xg nfu]sf]
sg} sfdsf/afO{ clwsfeGbf aflxsf] ePdf ;f] sfdsf/afO{ f]Sg To:tf c8\8fcbfnt, ;+:yf
jf JolStnfO{ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] lbg] cfb]z . @= sg} sfdf f]s nufpg] sfd lgif]w dgfxL
. #= sg} sfnfO{ x6fpg] sfd lgjf0f . > k|ltif]ws lj) k|ltif]w ug]{ (lnvt,

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|lt:yfkgk|lt:yfkgfk|ToIf k|lt:yfkgk|lt:yfkgf gf) [;+)] != sg} k|lqmofdf c8]sf j:t

sf] ;f csf]{ j:t k|of]udf Nofpg] sfd . @= k|lti7fkg . k|lt:kwf{ gf) [;+)] != s]xL
sfdf cfk"m pQd xg jf cfk"mn] lhTg ulPsf] pl5gkfl5g k|ltof]lutf xf]8afhL . @= cled
fg ;]vL kmOF . > k|lt:kwL{ lj) k|lt:kwf{ ug]{ k|ltlGtf ug]{ xf]8afhL ug]{ . k|ltx:t
f) [;+)] klxn] Pp6fn] x:tfIf u] k]ml csf]{ clwsfLn] klg x:tfIf ug]{ sfd . > k|ltx:tfI
lt lj) k|ltx:tfIf ulPsf] (n]v, cgaGwg, ;Demf}tf cflb) . k|ltxf gf) [;+)] != fhsfhsf
li6n] dxjk"0f{ d]n, emu8f, ;}lgs tofL cflb Jojxfsf cg]s sfdsf fhfsxfF hfx] ug]{ fhb
kfn] fkfn k|tLxf/ . @= 9f]s] . #= 9f]sf b}nf] . > k|ltxfL gf) != k|frLg sfndf fhfs
sfdf 9f]s]sf] sfd u] a:g] :qL fkfnsf] sfd ug]{ :qL k|tLxf/L . @= k|ltxf . k|ltlx+;f
[;+)] != lx+;fsf abnfdf ulg] lx+;f dgdf lx+;fsf] efj fv] lnOg] abnf . @= abnf ;f6f]k]
mfO . k|tLs gf) [;+)] != ;dfg u0fsf cfwfdf b[Zo jf cb[Zo cGo sg} j:tsf] sNkgf uL
k|ltlaDasf kdf flvPsf] j:t jf lrg . @= cGo sg} j:tsf] efjgfTdstf jf k|ltlglwTj
sf kdf Jojxf rnfOg] csf]{ sg} kbfy{ . #= lrXg nIf0f lg;fgf . $= lrq d"lt{ k|ltd"lt{
ltdf . %= sg} Pp6f dGq, Znf]s, jfSo cflbsf] k"f cy{af]w ufpg flvPsf] sg} csf]{ kb
, cIf cflb . lj) ^= k|lts"n lj?4 . jfb gf) k|tLsxsf] k|of]udf hf]8 lbg] sg} klg j:
, efj, ljifo cflbsf] k|:ttLs0f ckfDkls k| t Lsxsf dfWodff ug{ vf] H g] ;flxlTos jf
rqsnf;DaGwL cleJo~hgfklkf6L . jfbL lj) != k|tLsjfbdf ljZjf; ug]{ k|tLsjfbsf] cgofoL
. @= k|tLsjfb;DaGwL . k|tLsfTds lj) [;+)] != k|tLssf dfWodn] JoSt xg] k|tLssf ;x
fotfn] efj, ljifo, j:t cflbsf] af]w ufOPsf] (;flxlTos rgf) . @= k|tLsl;t ;Da4 k|tL
s;DaGwL k|tLssf] . tf gf) k|tLsfTds xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . k|tLIfs lj) [;+)] != k|t
LIff ug]{ kv{g] . gf) @= k|tLIff ug]{ JolSt . k|tLIf0f gf) [;+)] k|tLIff ug]{ sfd k
|tLIff . k|tLIff gf) [;+)] != rfx]sf] jf vf]hs ] f] sg} JolSt, j:t cflbnfO{ e]6
\g jf kfpg ulPsf] 9sfO sfO ?fO . @= sg} sfd xg] cfzfdf ulPsf] kvf{O af6f]x]fO .
) k|tLIfs . ~ u[x gf) k|tLIffno . > k|tLIffno gf) != ]nuf8L, xjfO{hxfh cflb gcfpFbf
;Dd k|tLIff ug{ ofqLx a:g] 3 jf sf]7f ofqLxn] ]n cflb kv{+bf a:g]
822

7fpF . @= sg} dGqL, ;lrj jf cGo ljlzi6 JolStl;t e]63f6 ug{ a;] kv{g] sf]7f jf 7f
pF . #= 3df cfPsf JolQmnfO{ e]6 lbg] sf]7f . k|tLlIft lj) klv{Psf] k|tLIff ulPsf] .
k|tLIo lj) != kv{gk  g]{ k|tLIff ugk { g]{ . @= kv{g nfos k|tLIffof]Uo . #= k"hfo
f]Uo k"hgLo . k|tLrL gf) [;+)] k"js { f] ljkLt lbzf klZrd lbzf . > k|tLRo lj) klZrdsf
] klZrdL . k|tLt lj) [;+)] != kTof ulPsf] kTofOPsf] ljZjf; ulPsf] ljZj:t . @= dgdg}
lnOPsf] jf lgZro ulPsf] dgdf nfu]sf] . #=hflgPsf] 1ft . $= cfef; ePsf] efg ePsf] .
gf) %= kTof cfef; efg . ~ kq gf) != ;sfsf], hgtfsf] jf c sg} ;flwsf JolStsf] k| l
sf kdf sfd ug] { clwsf lbOPsf] kq clVtofgfdf . @= s;}n] cfgf] k|ltlglwsf kdf sg} ;\
;+:yf, ;ef, ;sfL c8\8fvfgf cflbdf pkl:yt eP sfd ug{ sg} JolQmnfO{ n]lvlbPsf] clwsfk
q jfl;gfdf . #= ljZjf; lbnfpgsf lglDt n]lvPsf] kq ljZjf;kq . $= Ps Aof\saf6 csf]{ Ao
f\ssf gfddf kmnfgfsf] olt ?lkofFn] EofP;Dd r]s, 8f6 jf xG8Lx :jLsf ug"{ egL n]lvPsf]
kq . k|tLlt gf) [;+)] != k|tLt xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt kTof ljZjf; . @= hfGg] jf yfxf
kfpg] lqmof 1fg . #= efg . k|tLTo;dTkfb gf) [;+)] k|f0fL k|To]s If0f d5{ k|To]s I
f0f hGdG5 eGg] af}4 bz{gsf] Ps l;4fGt . k|tLk lj) [;+)] != ljkLt . gf) @= pkdfgeGb
f pkd]osf] pTs[i6tf b]vfP jf pkdfgnfO{ pkd]o agfP j0f{g ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf pkdfsf]
pN6f] cn\sf . k|tLodfg lj) [;+)] != jf:tljs geP klg jf:tljsh:tf] nfUg] ;fFrh } :tf]
efg kg]{ k|tLt xg] (k cflb) . gf) @= Jo~hgfj[lQff k|fKt xg] cy{ Wjlgut cy{ Jo\Uof
. k|tLxf gf)x]) k|ltxf/ . > k|tLxf/L gf) k|ltxf/L . k|ToIf lj) [;+)] != cfFvfclulNtsf
] cfFvfn] b]lvg] . @= fd|L b]lvg] 5n{u \ b]lvg] :ki6 vn:t ;fkm . #= OlGb|off yfx
ljk) kf]If . gf) $= Gofozf:qcg;f OlGb|o j:tsf] ;Dks{af6 xg] 1fg rf k|sfsf k|df0f
Wo] klxnf] k|df0f . %= lqm) lj)gf) of]) cl3lNt ;fdGg] . ~ s gf) sg} j:tsf] cfoftlg
of{tdf pTkfbg cflbdf nfUg] jf nfu]sf] s . ~ sf gf) k|ToIf ;+ljbf . ~ 1fg gf) k|ToIf
|f]taf6 k|fKt ePsf] 1fg cfg} 1fg]lGb|off kfOPsf] 1fg . > k|ToIf0f gf) sg} sfnfO{ dg
] k|ToIf cgej ug]{ lqmof k|ToIfLs0f . tM lqm) lj) k|ToIf kdf :ki6 kdf vn:t . t
|ToIf xg,] xf]Og] jf xg nufpg] u0f k|ToIfsf] ljz]iftf . ~ bz{g gf)

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
823

k|To\uk|Toflzt k|Tok{0f gf) [;+)] sg} j:t h;sf] xf] To;}nfO{ ulPsf] ck{0f lkmtf{ .
k|Tojfo gf) [;+)] ;GWof, pkf;gf cflb zf:qf]St lgTosd{ gugf{n] nfUg] bf]if jf kfk
. > k|TojfoL lj) ;GWof, pkf;gf cflb zf:qf]St lgTosd{ gug]{ zf:qljlxt lgTosd{ gugf{
n] bf]ifL . k|Tofqmd0f gf) [;+)] s;}n] u]sf] cfqmd0fsf abnfdf ulg] cfqmd0f lemsLs6s
. k|TofVofg gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] sg} l;4fGt jf ljrfdf b]vfk]sf] e|dk"0f{ sfsf] v08g
lgfs0f . @= s;}n] nufPsf] cff]k jf cfIf]ksf] c:jLs[lt gfdGhL . #= ljf]w . $= syf, pk
of; cflbdf syftjsf] cefj xgk5{ eGg] Ps klkf6L pSt klkf6Lsf cgofoLxsf] s[lt csyf j
cpkGof; . k|Tofudg gf) [;+)] kms] { cfpg] sfd kms{g] sfd lkmtL{ ofqf . k|Tof3ft gf)
[;+)] cf3ft ug]{sf lj?4 ulg] cf3ft 9u \ fff lbOPsf] OF6sf] hjfkm (Jo\Uofy{df) . k|To
b]z gf) [;+)] != eOx]sf] sg} cfb]zsf abnfdf cfPsf] cfb]z . @= sg} sfsf] k|TofVof
g lgfs0f . #= sg} sfsf] c:jLs[lt gfdGhL . $= dflyNnf txsf] clwsfLn] lbPsf] sg} c
znfO{ dWojtL{ clwsfLn] tNnf txsf sd{rfL;dIf kofpg] sfd dflyNnf] txsf] sd{rfLcg;f tN
f txsf sd{rfLnfO{ cfb]z lbg] sfd . k|TofoSt lj) [;+)] != sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cflb
df jf sg} ljz]if sfddf s]xL clwsf k|bfg uL k7fOPsf] k|ltlgoSt . gf) @= To;L t}gfy
ulPsf] JolQm jf JolSt ;dbfo . k|Tofof]hg gf) [;+)] != sg} ;\3, ;+:yf sfof{non] jf
sg} kbflwsfLn] s]xL ;dosf nflu cfgf] ;Dk"0f{ jf s]xL clwsf sg} JolQmnfO{ x:tfGt0f
ug]{ lqmof . @= cfgf dftxtsf] sg} j:t cnfO{ x:tfGt0f ug]{ jf ;Dkg] sfd . k|Tofof
]lht lj) [;+)] csf{nfO{ ;lDkPsf] k|Tofof]hg ulPsf] . k|Toff]k gf) [;+)] s;}n] nufPsf
] cff]ksf abnfdf cfk"mn] cff]k nufpg] sfd hjfkmL cff]k . k|Tofnf]rgf gf) [;+)] s;}n]
u]sf] cfnf]rgfsf abnfdf ulg] cfnf]rgf jf To; ;Gbe{df lbOg] :ki6Ls0f . k|Tofjt{g gf)
[;+)] != k|Tofudg . @= k|sfz, Wjlg cflbsf] st} kms] { kgM pTklQ:ynltsf] cfudg (k|
ltWjgg) . k|Tofjlt{t lj) [;+)] 5f]8] uPsf] 7fpFdf k]ml kms]{sf] . k|Toflzt lj) [;+)]
!= klxn]b]lv cfzf ulPsf] . @= cGbfh ulPsf] ;Defljt .

cfg} cfFvfff ulPsf] bz{g ;fIffTsf . bzL{ lj) != sg} 36gf, lrq cflbnfO{ cfg} cfFv
g] vb b]Vg] . gf) @= ;fIfL ujfxL . ~ lgjf{rg gf) fi6klt jf ;jf]R {r ljwflosfsf k|ltl
glw cflbnfO{ hgtfn] ;f]em} rGg] sfd . ~ k|df0f gf) != cfg} cfFvfn] b]v]sf] k|df0f
k|ToIfbzL{ff lbOPsf] k|df0f . @= Gofozf:qsf rf k|df0fdWo] klxnf] k|df0f . ~ lnlk gf)
cf;fdLn] wgLsf ;fdGg] a;] ullbPsf] lnvt td;s . jfb gf) k|ToIf jf b]vs ] f, ;gs ]
f, ef]u]sf cflb sfnfO{ dfq k|fdfl0fs jf jf:tljs dfgL cb[Zo kdf x]sf] To;sf] d"nsf0
f jf cGtlg{lxt sf0fsf] jf:tf gug]{ Ps bfz{lgs l;4fGt rfjf{sdt . jfbL lj) != k|ToIfj
fbdf ljZjf; ug]{ k|ToIfjfbsf] cgofoL . @= gfl:ts . ~ zf;g gf) != fhf jf fi6klt cflbf
;+;b\, dlGqd08n cflbsf dfWodff zf;g guL ;f]em} zf;g ug]{ sfd . @= fhf, fi6klt jf s]Gb
Lo ;sfn] k"} b]zsf] jf b]zsf sg} efusf] ;f]em} zf;g ug]{ k|lqmof . > k|ToIfLs0f gf)
!= sg} ljifoj:tnfO{ k|ToIf b]Vg] jf 1fg]lGb|on] cgej 1fg ug]{ sfd ;fIffTsf . @=
k|ToIf0f . k|ToIfLs[t lj) ;fIffTsf ulPsf] . k|ToIfLe"t lj) k|ToIf eO;s]sf] . k|To\u
f) [;+)] xft, vf cflb zLsf PsPs c\u zLsf ;fgfltgf c\u pkf\u (k|foM c\u zAbsf]
|of]u xg], h:t} c\uk|To\u) . k|To\dv  lj) [;+)] klZrdlt dv kms]{sf] klZrdlt kms
f] . k|To~rf gf) [;+) k|To~r] af0f 5f]8\g ;xfos xg] wgsf] 8f]L tfFbf] klGhf] . k|To
ksf gf) [;+)] cksf ug]{l;tsf] ;f6f]k]mfO . k|Tole1fk|Tole1fg gf) [;+)] != klxn] b]v]s
jf tLl;t ldNbfhNbf JolSt, j:t cflbnfO{ sfnfGtdf b]Vbf dgdf cfpg] cl3sf sfsf] :
d[lt :d[ltsf cfwfdf xg] kfgf sfsf] 1fg . @= lrgfkrL{ lrgfL klro . k|Too gf) [;+
jZjf; kTof . @= sg} wft jf zAbsf] cGtdf hf]l8P sg} ljz]if cy{ jf k|s[lts} cy{ a
emfpg] j0f{ jf j0f{;d"x k;u{ (pbf) Onf], Pn, bf O)) . > k|Toog gf) k|Too jf ;b\efjgf
nfO{ u|x0f cyjf ;+lZni6 ufpg] k|lqmof k|ltefzlStsf] sfo{Jofkf efjg . ~ kq gf) != sg}
JofkfL jf dxfhgff lghsf] vftfaf6 jf C0fsf kdf olt ?lkofF lbg" egL sg} JolStsf ;DaG
wdf n]vL ;f]xL JolQmnfO{ lbOPsf] kq ljZjf;kq . @= ;f]sfjfnfn] hfg"g\ egL y7]ufgf, gfd
cflb;d]t vnfO{ sg} 7"nf] JolSt jf ;+:yfn] n]lvlbPsf] s;}sf af]sf] kq klrokq .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|TofzLk|bz{g k|TofzL gf) [;+)] != sg} kb jf :yfgsf lglDt lgjf{rgdf p7\g] pDd]bjf
. lj) @= s]xL sfsf] cfzf ug]{ . k|Tofxf gf) [;+)] != OlGb|oxnfO{ ljifojf;gfaf6 x6fP
lrQ Psfu| kfg]{ ;fwgf of]usf cf7 c\udWo] Ps OlGb|olgu|x . @= kfl0fgLo Jofs0fdf dfx]Z
j;"qsf cfwfdf ag]sf cr\ cflb k|Tofxf . k|TofXjfg gf) [;+)] != sg} kbflwsfL, ljb]z uP
sf k|ltlglw, fhb"t, jfl0fHob"t cflbnfO{ uPsf 7fpFaf6 jf x]sf kbaf6 lkmtf{ af]nfpg]
sfd jfk; af]nfpg] sfd . @= lgjf{rgdf 5flgP ufpF, gu, lhNnf, fli6o txdf kus ] f k|lt
lglwnfO{ sg} sf0fjz lgjf{rs;d"xn] k]ml lkmtf{ af]nfO{ ulg] kbRotsfo{ jf kblgnDags
fo{ . k|TolSt gf) [;+)] s;}sf] plStsf abnfdf af]lng] jf elgg] plSt . k|ToRrf0f gf
) [;+)] bf]xf]ofP ulg] jf ulPsf] pRrf0f kg?lSt . k|ToQ gf) [;+)] s;}sf] hjfkmsf a
lbOg] jf lbOPsf] hjfkm pQ cfPkl5 lbOg] pQ . k|ToTyfg gf) [;+)] cfgf dfGo jf k"Ho Jo
lQmsf] cfudg xFbf ;Ddfgsf lglDt a;]sf] 7fpFaf6 p7\g] sfd cfpg nfu]sf k"Ho jf dfG
ohgnfO{ s]xL k;Dd lng hfg] sfd . k|TolTyt lj) [;+)] k|ToTyfg ulPsf] jf ePsf] . k|
ToTkGg lj) [;+)] tTsfn pTkGg xg] 7Ls ;dodf 7Ls hjfkm lbg ;Sg] . ~ dlt lj) != df}s
fdf tTsfn olSt;\ut pQ lbg ;Sg] al4 ePsf] 7Ls ;dodf 7Ls pkfo ;f]Rg ;Sg] vaL ePsf]
. gf) @= df}sfdf ;xL pQ lbg] jf ;xL lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] dlt . k|Toksf gf) [;+)] s;}n]
u]sf] pksfsf abnfdf ulg] pksf . > k|ToksfL lj) pksfsf abnfdf pksf ug]{ . k|To]s
)] xPs x]s . k|Tof}ifw gf) [;+)] Ps cf}ifwLsf] ljsf jf k|ltlqmofnfO{ zdg ug]{ csf]{ c
f}ifwL (PlG68f]h) . k|yd lj) [;+)] != luGtL ubf{ ;aeGbf klxn] cfpg] klxnf] . @= ;a
}eGbf c;n ;jf]{Qd . #= ;a}eGbf dVo k|wfg . lqm) lj) $= cufl8 klxn] . %= k|ydtM . ~
cGtlxdfgL gf) cfheGbf 5 nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] lxdfgLkl5sf] ou k|yd lxdfgLeGbf
kl5 ltLo lxdfgLeGbf klxn]sf] aLrsf] ;do . ~ sNk gf) ugk { g]{ pkfoxdWo] ;aeGbf pQd
pkfo ;aeGbf pQd kIf . ~ v08 gf) != hLjsNksf] ;dosf] ljefhgdf klxnf] v08 kfhLjsf] c
sf]{ gfd . @= klxnf] efu jf cWofo . tM lqm) lj) klxnf] plStsf kdf eGg] xf] eg] klxn
f] egfOsf cg;f .
~
824

k?if gf) != Jofs0fcg;f sg} sfdsf ug]{ jf ug]{xnfO{ aemfpg] ;j{gfd d, xfdL / log
;fy nfUg] lqmofnfO{ aemfpg] zAb . @= ;Dks{df cfPsf] klxnf] JolSt . #= axklt lj
jfxk|yf ePsf ;dfhdf h]7f] rflxF nf]Ug] (pbf) olwli7 b|fk } bLsf k|yd k?if lyP) .
$= kf]On cfPsL cfOdfO{sf] klxnf]rflxF kf]O . ~ k?iffTds lj) Jofs0fsf cg;f k|ydk
?if z}nLdf n]lvPsf] (syf, pkGof; cflb) . ~ >]0fL gf) ;a}eGbf klxnf] :t pQdsIff . ~
lxdfgL gf) cfheGbf nueu b; nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] lxdousf] ;do rf lxdoudWo] klx
nf] lxdou . k|ydf gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fcg;f jfSosf] p2]ZonfO{ hgfpg] ljelSt jf k|To
o;Fu ;DalGwt sfssf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ ljelSt stf{;Fu ;DalGwt ljelSt . @= st[{sfs (ck|
fljlws cy{) . #= ;+:s[tsf kLIffxdWo] klxnf] kLIff . $= h]7L 5f]/L . lj) %= klxnf] (
ljelSt, kLIff cflb) . > k|ydf4{k|ydfw{ gf) sg} sfnfO{ bO{ afa efudf afF8b \ f xg]
cw{dWo] klxnf] cw{ pQfw{sf] pN6f] cw{ . k|ydf>d gf) a|Xdrof{>d . k|yf gf) [;+)] lktf
kvf{sf kfnfb]lv jt{dfg;Dd rNb} cfPsf] hLjgnfO{ k|efljt kfb}{ cfPsf] Lltljfh klxn]b
]lv rlncfPsf] rfnrng kDkfut klkf6L a"9Ll9 . > k|lyt lj) != km}lnPsf] lkmFlhPsf] . @
;4 ljVoft . k|b lj) [;+)] gfd zAbsf k5fl8 hf]l8g] lbg] eGg] cy{ aemfpg] ljz]if0fjfr
s pQkb (1fgk|b, al4k|b, lzIffk|b O)) . k|blIf0ff gf) [;+)] != sg} b]jd"ltnfO{, d
lGbnfO{ jf a kLkn cflb j[IfnfO{ bflxg]kl kfL elStk"j{s rf}lt 3Dg] sfd . @= sg} Jol
jf j:tsf rf}lt 3Dg] sfd k]mfdffO 3dfO . k|bQ lj) [;+)] k|bfg ulPsf] lbOPsf] . k
+)] kf7]3af6 n]:ofOnf] tn kbfy{ lgl:sxg], :qLxsf] Ps f]u . k|bz{s lj) [;+)] != af6f]
flb b]vfpg] k|bz{g ufpg] lrgfpg] . @= x]g]{ jf b]Vg] bz{s . #= sg} sf ;Demfpg], ae
mfpg] jf atfpg] . { g k|bz{g gf) [;+)] != af6f] cflb b]vfpg] sfd dfu{lgb]z e]luofL .
@= \ud~rdf gf6s cflb b]vfpg] sfd jf b]vfpg] p2]Zon] clegoflb ug]{ sfd . #= sg} ;
d:ofk|lt hgtfsf] ;dy{g jf ;xfge"lt k|fKt ug{ jf ;sfsf] b[li6 cfslif{t ug{ ;f] ;d:
of;Fu ;DalGwt JolStxsf] hn;, gff cflbff c;Gtf]if jf cfgf] ljrf k|s6 ug]{ sfd ;fd"l
df sg} ljifodf c;Gtf]if JoSt ug]{ sfd . ~ sIf gf) Jofkfsf nflu rLhaLhsf gdgf flvP
sf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
825

k|blz{tk|k~r lgdf{0f;DaGwL snfdf c\unsf] gf} ugfafasf] gfksf nflu k|of]u ulg] zAb g
} cdnafasf] gfk . &= kb]z ljb]z (Go"g:tLo k|of]u) . > k|bz ] Lk|bz ] Lo lj) != k|bz
f] k|b]z;DaGwL . @= b]Vg] jf b]vfpg] . k|bf]if gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ c:tfpg] ;do ;GWofs
f] ;do . @= flqsf] klxnf] k|x . #= s[i0f zSn bj} kIfsf qof]bzLsf lbg pkjf; a;] ;G
Wofsfndf lzjsf] k"hf ulg] Ps j|t . k|BD  g gf) [;+)] != kf}fl0fs syfcg;f s[i0fsf h
]7f 5f]f clg?4sf lktf, af0ff;sf ;DwL piffsf ;;f . @= sfdb]j . k|Bf]t gf) [;+)] !=
lDsnf j:taf6 rf}lt lkmFlhPsf] b]lvg] k|sfz]vf ls0f lZd . @= rlDsnf j:tdf xg] rds
t . #= pHh}gsf k|frLg P]ltxfl;s fhf dxf;]g . k|wfg lj) [;+)] != cfgf ;d"xdWo] ;a}eGb
f 7"nf] ;j{>i ] 7 k|dv  dVo . @= ufpF3sf] k|dv  k|ltli7t (JolSt) 7fn . gf) #=
F 3 sf] k| d  v k| l tli7t JolSt d l vof k~rfotsfnLg k|wfgk~r . $= sg} ;+:yf jf
ljefusf] dVo clwsfL . %= ;lrj dGqL . ^= g]jfhfltsf] Ps y . &= lnR5ljsfndf ufpFsf] d
lvofnfO{ aemfpg] zAb . ~ sfof{no gf) ;sfL u};sfL ;+:yfxsf zfvf k|zfvfsf] ;~rfng
Vo sfof{no s]Gb|Lo sfof{no . tMtof lqm) lj) dVo kdf vf; uL . tf gf) != ;sfL j
sf] k|wfgsf] kb jf clwsfL . @= k|wfg xgfsf] efj jf k|wfg xg] u0f . ~ wft gf) !
= sg} jfSosf] k|dv lqmofkbsf] wft ;dflksf wft . ~ k~r gf) tTsfnLg k~rfotL Joj:
yfcGtu{t hf/L / x]sf] ufpF tyf gu k~rfot P]gadf]lhd ufpF jf gu;efsf dtbftfxff 5flgPsf
] dVo JolQm ufpF jf gutxsf k~r;b:odWo] dVo . ~ kLIfs gf) sg} kLIffdf ;lDdlnt ePsf
5fqxsf] pQkl:tsfsf kLIfsxdWo] dVo kLIfs . ~ dWofXg ]vf gf) e"uf]nsf cg;f a]nfots
gjLr eGg] 7fpF 5g] uL lvlrPsf] )) sf] dWofXg]vf . ~ dGqL gf) sg} fi6sf] ;aeGbf 7"nf
dGqL dGqLxdWo] dVo dlGqd08nsf] cWoIf . ~ ;]gfklt gf) k|dv ;]gfklt sDofG8OgrLkm .
wfgf\u != gf) zL jf cGo sg} j:tsf] dVo c\u . @= sg} fHosf] k|wfg clwsfL . #= g]j
tsf] Ps y . k|wfgfWofks gf) sg} :sn jf kf7zfnfsf] dVo cWofks x]8df:6 . k|wfgfdfTo
gf) k|frLg sfnsf] k|wfgdGqL jf dVo ;lrj k|wfg cdfTo . k|wfgL gf) 8f]nL c8fpg] sf7 k
wf{gL . k|k~r gf) [;+)] != 3u[x:yL cflbsf] emGem6 hut\sf] h~hfn ;f+;fls dfofdf]x dfof
fn . @= stfstfaf6

7fpF (;f]d) . sfL lj) sg} ljifodf ;fd"lxs kdf c;Gtf]if JoSt ug]{ . zfnf gf) gf6s
b b]vfOg] cGo ;f+:s[lts sfo{qmdsf] cfof]hgf ulg] p2]Zon] agfOPsf] 3 k|bz{gsIf ;efsIf
. > k|bz{gfno gf) k|bz{g ulg] 7fpF k|bz{gL:yn k|I ] ffno . k|bz{gL gf) != hg;fwf0fnf
{ b]vfpg] p2]Zon] gdgf:jk ljleGg k|sfsf j:t ;hfP flvg] 7fpF k|bz{gsf lglDt ;do;dodf
ljleGg k|sfsf j:tx flvg] 7fpF . @= ljleGg k|sfsf j:tx gdgf:jk b]vfpg] sfd . k|bz{g
o lj) k|bz{g ug{ of]Uo k|bz{g ug{ nfos . k|blz{t lj) [;+)] b]vfOPsf] k|bz{g ulPsf] .
k|blz{gL lj) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf sg} sfo{qmd b]vfpg] jf x]g{] (:qL) . @= k|bz{
gL . k|bzL{ lj) [;+)] k|blz{t ug]{ (k?if) . k|bfg gf) [;+)] s;}nfO{ sg} j:t jf
sf lbg] sfd bfg . k|bfo gf) [;+)] rStf ugk { g]{ jf lbgkg]{ sd cyjf ;DklQ . k|bL
k gf) [;+)] != rxlsnf] aQL . @= bLk lbof] aQL . > k|bLks lj) != lgs} pHofnf] agfpg] k
of{Kt k|sfz lbg] . @= :ki6 ;kmf kfg]{ . gf) #= 7"nf] rxlsnf] aQL . k|bLkg gf) !=
rlDsnf] sg} j:tn] pHofnf] kfg]{ lqmof k|bLKt kfg]{ sfd . @= p2LKt kfg]{ sfd . #
= kfFrkfFr sgf k]sf kx]Fnf xlof ldl;Psf kft, ftf k"mn, v}f sGb xg] ftf] b"w
xdfnosf] n]sdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] ljiffn a6L . k|bLlksf gf) != pHofnf] kfg]{ j:txn
fO{ b]vfpg] ;fgf] aQL . @= sg} ljifo jf cy{nfO{ :ki6 kfg]{ ;fgf] kl:tsf . k|bL
Kt lj) [;+)] a];L an]sf] k|sfzoSt p2LKt . > k|bLlKt gf) ljz]if k|sfsf] t]h jf bLlKt
k|bi " fs lj) [;+)] xfjf, kfgL, df6f] jf sg} vfB j:t cflbdf ldl;P jftfj0f b"lift
kfg]{ jftfj0fdf b"lift c; Nofpg] (tj) . k|bi " f0f gf) [;+)] != b"lift kfg]{ sfd bf]
foSt kfg]{ sfd . @= f]uJoflw k}bf ug]{ jf :jf:Yodf xflg ug]{ tjsf] ;fO . k|bl " if
t lj) [;+)] sg} j:t jf jftfj0f gfd|f] sf0fn] b"lift ePsf] . k|bo ] lj) [;+)] != s;
}nfO{ lbgkg]{ b]o k|bfo . @= lbg of]Uo bftJo . k|bz ] gf) [;+)] != efiff, Lltljfh,
fjfkfgL cGo ef}uf]lns l:ylt, k|zf;g cflbsf b[li6n] 5fOPsf] b]zsf] Pp6f 7"nf] efu k
|fGt . @= sg} 7fpF :yfg . #= zLsf] c\u cjoj . $= sg} e"efu . %= e"efu jf gbLsf b[li
6n] g]kfnsf tLg ef}uf]lns (lxdfnL, kxf8L tfOnL jf sf];L, u08sL s0ff{nL) ljefhgdWo
] sg} Ps . ^= jf:tsnfdf jf d"lt{

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|k~hLk|ef cfOk]sf] emf]h jf emd]nf e]mnav]8f . #= 5n sk6 . $= 9f]Fu cf8Da . %= lj:tf

mnfj6 . ^= sg} sfsf] k|aGw aGbf]a:t . &= PskN6 elg;lsPsf] sfnfO{ k]ml vn:t kfL eG
g] sfd . > k|k~rL lj) != k|k~r;Fu ;DalGwt k|k~rdf x]sf] . @= k|k~r ug]{ k|k~r Rg] cf8
aL 9f]FuL . #= 5n5fd ug]{ sk6L . $= w]} emf]h ePsf] . k|k~hL gf) [;+)] sg} Aof\s, Jo
kfls ;+:yf cflbsf] Jofkf;DaGwL cfoJoo, n]gb]g cflb n]lvPsf] dVo vftf d"n lhi6 axL (n
h) . ~ k[i7 gf) sg} Aof\s, Jofkfls ;+:yf cflbdf s;}sf] ?lkofF hDdf ug]{ jf lemSg] l
sl;dsf] a]xf]f n]lvPsf, k|k~hLsf] cufl8k5fl8sf bO{ kq . k|kq gf) [;+)] sg} kb, kLI
ff, :yfg cflbsf lglDt ljj0f k|:tt ubf{ cfjZos hfgsfLsf] a]xf]f elg], lQf] 7fpF, sf]7
f cflb ePsf] dlb|t jf 6\lst kq kmffd . k|kb gf) [;+)] zLsf] k|kbfl:yg]sf] cjoj . >
bfl:y gf) uf]nLufF7feGbf dlg ssR { rfeGbf cufl8klsf] xf8sf ;;fgf 6qmf . k|kGg l
j) [;+)] != s;}sf z0fdf k]sf] z0f kg{ cfPsf] z0ffut . @= cfOku]sf] . k|kft gf) [;+)
= cUnf] 7fpFaf6 sg} j:t 7f8} tnlt v:g] lqmof . @= sg} 7f8} tnlt v:g] cUnf] 7fpF
eL kxfsf] rnL 6fsf] . #= lge{m 5fFuf] 5xf] . k|lktfdx gf) [;+)] != cfgf afasf
 cfk"meGbf tLg k:tfdflysf kvf{ afasf afh] a"9f afh] . @= a|Xdf . #= ka|Xd . $= k
"j{h lhhafh] . > k|lktfdxL gf) cfgf afasf afasL cfdf afasf] aHo} lhhaHo} a"9LaHo
. k|kL8s lj) [;+)] Hofb} kL8f lbg] cToGt bMv lbg] x}fg kfg]{ . k|kL8g gf) [;+)] !=
Hofb} kL8f jf bMv lbg] sfd si6 lbg] sfd ;tfO . @= cltzo kL8f cToGt si6 . k|kf}q gf)
[;+)] 5f]f jf 5f]Lklsf] gflt jf gfltgLsf] 5f]f] 5f]f jf 5f]Laf6 pTkGg cfk"meGbf tLg
:tfkl5sf] k?if ;Gtlt kgflt . > k|kf}qL gf) To:t} :qL ;Gtlt kgfltgL . k|kmNn lj) [;
+)] != fd|L kmn]sf] jf kmq]msf] ljsl;t ePsf] . @= xFl;nf] k|;Gg . jbg lj) pHofnf] c
xfsf]  Nn k|;Gg ePsf] . k|;Gg . > k|kmlNnt lj) k|km k|aGw gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf
d|L ;DkGg ug{ ldnfOg] Joj:yf aGbf]a:t OlGthfd rfFhf]kfFhf] . @= cfof]hgf . #= sg} l
jifo jf l;4fGtsf] olStoSt k|ltkfbg ePsf], uBfTds, ljrfk|wfg n]v Ps k|sfsf] ljrfk|w
fg lgaGw . $= sg} slNkt syfsf cfwfdf tof ulPsf] ;Jojl:yt rgf . sstf{ lj) k|aGw ld
g] aGbf]a:t ug]{ Joj:yfks . ~ sNkgf gf) s]xL ;To s]xL sfNklgs syfsf cfwfdf
826

z[v \ nfa4 kdf tof kflPsf] ;flxlTos rgf syfTds rgf . sfl0fL gf) sg} ;\3, ;+:yf
o cfof]hgfsf nflu cfjZos k|aGw ldnfpg] ;ldlt k|aGw ;ldlt . ~ sfJo gf) != ;To jf sfN
klgs syfsf cfwfdf sg} sljff rgf ulPsf], sfJof]lrt u0fn] oSt, ;u{a4, kBfTds sfJo dx
sfJo . @= syf jf pkGof; . ~ kq gf) != sDkgLP]gadf]lhd sDkgLsf p2]Zo clwsfx n]lvPsf]
kq . @= sg} sfdsfsf] Joj:yf jf sfof{Gjogsf ;DaGwdf n]lvPsf] kq . ~ ljwfg gf) sg
} sfd jf j:t cflbsf] k|aGw ldnfpg] sfd . ~ ;Dkfbs gf) sg} kqklqsf cflbdf k|sfzg
ulg] n]vrgf cflb ;\slnt ug]{ k|sfzg;DaGwL cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;Dkfbs . ~ ;ld
lt gf) sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;ef cflbsf nflu cfjZos k|aGw ldnfpg] ;ldlt k|aGwsfl0fL sfo{;l
dlt . ~ ;f gf) sg} k|aGwsf] k|dv sf g56\g] uL tof ulPsf] ;ff+z k|aGwsf] lgrf]8
n lj) [;+)] != k|z:t an ePsf] Hofb} alnof] anjfg\ alni7 zlStzfnL . @= pu| lsl;dsf] eo
|r08 . k|afn gf) [;+)] != kNnj . @= duf . #= kjfFnf] KjfFnf] . k|a4  lj) [;+)]
!= ;r]t cj:yfdf x]sf] hfus hfu|t\ hfuf . @= agkg]{ sfnfO{ fd|L ae]msf] hfg];
= ljsl;t dl:tis ePsf] . tf gf) k|a4  xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . k|af]w gf) [;+)] != h
fu|t\ cj:yf ;r]t cj:yf 1fgfj:yf . @= nf}lss jf kfnf}lss lsl;dsf] 1fg hLjghut\sf] jf:
tljstfsf] 1fg tj1fg . > k|af]ws lj) != xf];df Nofpg] lapFemfpg] hfu|t\ ufpg] ;r]t kf
. @= 1fg lbg] . k|af]wg gf) != hufpg] sfd ;r]t ufpg] sfd xf];df Nofpg] sfd lapFemfpg
] sfd . @= 1fg lbg] sfd . k|af]wgL gf) k|af]lwgL . k|af]lwt lj) k|af]w ePsf] k|a4 
. k|af]lwgL gf) sflt{s zSn PsfbzL xlaf]lwgL PsfbzL k|af]wgL . k|ej gf) [;+)] != pTk
Gg xg] lqmof pTklQ hGd . @= pTklQsf] sf0f . #= pTklQ:yfg . $= wft cflb lgsflng] 7
fpF vfgL cfsf . %= ;[li6 ;+;f . ^= kfgL lg:sg] jf pd|g] 7fpF d"n ;|f]t pb\ud:yn . &
d . *= ;f7L dWo]sf] klxnf] ;+jT; . k|ef gf) [;+)] != k|sfz cfef bLlKt sflGt rds pHof
. @= ;"o{sf] laDa . #= ls0f t]h . $= ;"o{sL kTgL ;+1f piff . s gf) != k|ef k}mnfpg
|x ;"o{ . @= rGb|df . #= clUg . $= ;db| . %= dbfj[If . lj) ^= pHofnf] k}mnfpg] .
sL gf) af}4 wd{cg;f b; jf qof]bz e"lddWo] t];|f] e"ld .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
827

k|eftk|dQ k|ef; gf) [;+)] != rf}lt 5lPsf] pHofnf] k|sfz Hof]lt bLlKt . @= lxGb"xsf
frLg tLy{ ;f]dtLy{ . #= fdjfg gfds cflbd dfgjsf] cfheGbf Ps sf]8 b; nfv jif{kj "s {
f] bfFtsf] cjoj k]mnf k]sf], a6jnaf6 kfNkf hfg] af6f]df kg]{ Ps 7fpF, kef{; . k|
ef:j gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ ef:s/ ef:j/ . lj) @= ;fx|} rlDsnf] bLlKtoSt pHofnf] . k|e 
[;+)] != ;a}n] cfb;Ddfg ug{kg]{ JolSt dflns :jfdL . @= ;j{zlQm;DkGg clwsfL clwklt z
;s . #= O{Zj kdfTdf . $= lji0f . %= lzj . ^= fhf, :jfdL, b]jtf Pj+ >]i7 k?ifnfO{ u
lg] cfbfyL{ ;Daf]wg . tf gf) k|eT  j ;Dk|eT  j :jfldTj . k|eT  j gf) [;+)] != k|
 f xg] u0f Pj+ ;fdYo{ k|et  f . @= ;jf{lwsf;DkGgtf :jfldTj . #= dlxdf uf}j dxj
$= j}ej P]Zjo{ . jfb gf) ;jf]R { r zf;s xtf{stf{ xg] fhgLlts l;4fGt . jfbL lj) k|
T  jjfbsf] cgofoL x}sdjfbL . k|ee  St lj) [;+)] k|esf] eSt jf k|z+;s k|esf] cf
b ug]{ . > k|ee  lSt gf) k|es  f] >4f jf cfb k|es  f] elSt jf dfg . k|ez  lSt gf)
[;+)] != sf]z jf vhfgf tyf ;]gfdf x]sf] an . @= k"0f{k|eTj kd;Qf k|e;Qf ;Dk|eTj ;
k|etf . k|e;  Qf gf) [;+)] sg} b]zsf] x]s b[li6n] :jfwLg jf :jtGq cl:tTj sg} b]
z x]s b[li6n] :jfwLg xg] ljz]iftf jf zlSt ;Dk|eTj ;fj{ef}ldstf . ~ ;DkGg lj) k|e;
Qf ePsf] ;Dk|etf ePsf] . k|et " lj) [;+)] != ljlzi6 kn] eO;s]sf] e"t . @= pTkGg eP
sf] hlGdPsf] k|fbe"{t . #= Hofbf k|z:t clws w]} . > k|el " t gf) != P]Zjo{ O{ZjLo
@= ;DklQ ;+jl[ 4 . k|el [ t lqm) lj) [;+)] != OToflb x cflb . gf) of]) @= nufot ;d]t
. k|eb ] gf) [;+)] != e]b leGgtf . @= cGt kms . #= kmf]] lgsfNg] lqmof kmf]fO tf
d08n gf) [;+)] != k|ltlglwd08n lzi6d08n . @= Ps b]zaf6 csf]{ b]zdf ;f+:s[lts, cfly
{s, ;fdflhs cflb ljifoaf/] hfgsfL xfl;n ug{ ltgsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ hfg] ljlzi6 Jol
Stxsf] ;dbfo . #= s]xL JolSt ldn] Jofkf;DaGwL jf c sg} sfo{ ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt v8f
ulPsf] JofkfLxsf] ;\3 jf ;dbfo . k|dQ lj) [;+)] != dflQPsf] pGdQ ePsf] . @= axnfPsf
;gs r9]sf] . #= gzf nfu]sf] dft nfu]sf] . $= 3dG8n] k[mn]sf] jf r" ePsf] . %= c;f
jwfg a]xf];L . tf gf) != pGdQ ePsf] cj:yf kfunkgf . @= gzf nfu] r"

k|eft gf) [;+)] ft ;lsP rf}lt pHofnf] ePsf] ;do laxfgsf] a]nf k|ftMsfn ;a] . k]m
s[fsf] k|rf ug{ jf pT;j dgfpgsf nflu laxfgsf] ;dodf ;fd"lxs kdf gff nufpFb} tyf ufg
fahfgfsf ;fy dfOnf] ub}{ lglZrt 7fpF jf If]qdf klqmdf ug]{ jf 3Dg] sfo{ . > k|eft
L gf) != k|ftMsfnsf ;dodf ufOg] Ps vfnsf] uLt . @= k|ftMsfndf ulg] lgTosd{ . lj) #
= laxfg ufOg] (h:t}k|eftL fu) . k|ef d08n gf) [;+)] != b]jb]jL jf lbJok?ifxsf cgxfs
f jf zLsf rf}lt k}mn] xg] j[Qfsfsf] 3]f] laDa . @= t]hk~hsf jlklsf] d08n k|sfz
tf jf b]jtNo JolStsf lrqdf Hof]ltsf] k|tLssf kdf lzjlkl sf]lg] ;]tf] jf kfF8nf] sf
[Q . k|efL lj) sg} kb jf ljefudf ;DalGwt sfo{sf] lhDd]bfL lng] (JolQm, ;b:o cflb)
. k|efj gf) [;+)] != pTkGg xg] jf hGdg] lqmof pb\ej k|fbef{j . @= JolStdf x]sf] k|
fs[lts Pj+ lqmofTds ;fdYo{ zlSt . #= sg} j:tsf] jf ljifosf] cWoogaf6 dgdf kg]{
u0f c; . $= dlxdf dfxfTDo . %= cGtMs0fnfO{ k|;Gg jf ck|;Gg tNofpg] u0f . ^= sg}
JolSt jf j:tsf] zlSt, ;Ddfg, clwsf, kfqmd cflbaf6 c JolSt jf j:tdf kg]{ c; 5fk . s
j) cfgf] k|efj jf 5fk csf{df kfg{ ;Sg] u0f ePsf] k|efjsfL . sfltf gf) cfgf :jefj j
qmofsnfksf] 5fk csf{df tTsfn kfg{ ;Sg] u0f jf zlSt k|efjwld{tf . sfL lj) cfgf k|fs[
lts u0f jf lqmofTds ljz]iftfxsf] 5fk csf{nfO{ t?Gt kfg{ ;Sg] k|efjzfnL k|efjfTds k
|efjwdL{ . wld{tf gf) k|efjsfltf . wdL{ lj) k|efjsfL . k"0f{ lj) cfsif{s u0fn]
;b\u0f, ;Rrlq, ;Tsd{ cflbsf ;fdYo{n] elefp ePsf] k|efjdo . do lj) k|efjk"0f{ . jf
fnL lj) oy]i6 k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] u0f jf ljz]iftf ePsf] fd|f] w]} k|efj kfg{ ;Sg] . k|e
fjfTds lj) [;+)] k|efjsfL k|efjzfnL . tf gf) k|efjfTds xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf k|efjsfl
. k|efjfg\ lj) [;+)] t]h ePsf] t]lhnf] t]h:jL . k|efjflGjt lj) [;+)] s;}sf k|fs[lts
Pj+ lqmofTds u0fcju0fxsf] k|efj jf 5fk k]sf] To; k|sfsf k|efj jf 5fkn] oSt ePsf]
. k|efljt lj) [;+)] s;}sf] k|efj jf c; k]sf] k|efjflGjt . k|efjL lj) [;+)] != k|efj
ePsf] zlStzfnL . @= k|efj kfg]{ k|efjs . k|efjf]Tkfbs lj) [;+)] k|efj pTkGg ug]{ k|e
fj kfg]{ . tf gf) k|efjf]Tkfbs xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|dbk|dv  ePsf] l:ylt . #= af}nLkg . k|db gf) [;+)] != Hofb} db ePsf] l:ylt pGdQtf k
|dfb dft . @= cfgGb k|;Ggtf k|km  Nntf . lj) #= pu| k|r08 . $= c;fjwfg a]xf];L . %=
3d08n] r" ePsf] dft nfu]sf] pGdQ . ~ sfggjg gf) k|frLg gf6sxdf gfosn] gflosfsf ;fydf,
hfn] fgLsf ;fydf ljxf ug]{ pkjg jf au}r F f . > k|dbf lj) != a}; F n] pGdQ ePsL dtdt
fpFbL ojtL . gf) @= ;GbL :qL kjtL :qL . #= kL cfOdfO{ d:t t?gL . k|db{g gf) [;+)] !
fd|L df8\g] jf bNg] sfd df8d8 . @= sNr] lynLlkltnL kfg]{ sfd vfFbvFb . k|df\uL g
x]) kdf\uL . k|df0f gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf sfnfO{ l;4 jf ;flat ug{sf lglDt k|:t
t ulg] j:t jf syg (k|df0f rf k|sfsf xG5g\ k|ToIf k|df0f, cgdfgl;4 k|df0f, zAb;Da
GwL k|df0f tyf pkdfg jf pbfx0f;DaGwL k|df0f) . @= sg} j:tsf] oyfy{ 1fg u/fpg] ;
fwg . #= kldf0f dfqf . $= ;Totf ;RrfO . %= lgZro k|tLlt . ^= dof{bf dfg cfb . &= k|d
sg} sf] k|ToIf l;4 ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . *= k|df0fkq . > k|df0fs gf) sg} sdnfO{
cfoJoosf vftfdf r9fpgsf lglDt ;Dkli6 jf k|df0fsf kdf ;fy;fy} gTyL u]sf], lx;fasf
] sRrfjfL kmfF6 vf]ns ] f] sfuh khf{ . k|df0ftM lqm) lj) != k|df0fcg;f k|df0fsf lgl
Dt k|df0fnfO{ . @= k|df0fsf kdf k|df0f:jk . k|df0fg gf) != sg} n]v, syg cflb 7Ls;Fu
k|dfl0ft xg] lqmof k|df0fsf] kof{Kttf . @= k|dfl0ftufO . k|df0f kq gf) [;+)] != cf
k"mn] u]sf sfd, cWoog cflbsf] k|df0fsf lglDt ;sfL ljefu, u}/;sfL ;\3;+:yf jf ljZjljB
n] lbg] lnlvt k|df0f jf lg:;fsf] sfuh (;l6{lkms]6) . @= sg} sfdsfsf lglDt k|df0
f jf lg:;f dflgg] kq jf n]v cflb . #= gofF lzIff of]hgfsf cg;f OG6ldl8P6 jf k|jL0
ftftxsf kof{osf kdf rn]sf] zAb . ~ tx:t gf) k|jl ] zsf jf P;\) Pn\) ;L) kLIff kf; ul;
]kl5 kl9g] dxfljBfno jf SofDk;sf k9fOsf] klxnf] tx OG6ldl8P6tx k|jL0ftftx . } ] :jL
sf ug]{ k|df0f k?if gf) [;+)] kIf Pj+ ljkIf bjn vfnsf] lg0f{o lbg] JolSt k|df0fsf
lglDt ;a}n] dfg]sf] JolSt (k~r, ;fIfL cflb) . k|dfl0fs lj) [;+) k|fdfl0fs] k|df0
f xg ;Sg] k|df0f k|bfg ug{ ;Sg] tYok"0f{ ;To . k|dfl0ft lj) [;+)] k|df0fff l;4 ePsf]
jf ulPsf] k|df0fl;4 ;flat lglZrt . k|df0fLs0f gf) [;+)] != sg} sf] ;To xf] egL k|d
ft ug]{
828

sfd s;}sf] ljZj;gLotfsf] kli6 ug]{ sfo{ . @= sg} tYosf] cfwf lnP sg} sfnfO{ 7Ls;
Fu hFrfpg] lqmof . k|dftfdx gf) [;+)] cfdfsf xhafa jf afh] . > k|dftfdxL gf) cfdf
sL xhcfdf cfdfsL aHo} . k|dfb gf) [;+)] != c;fjwfg xg] lqmof a]xf];L xg] l:ylt . @=
st{JonfO{ cst{Jo cst{JonfO{ st{Jo ;Demg] k|jl[ Q . #= e"n r"s . $= e|d e|flGt . %
= pGdfb gzf axnLkgf . ^= 3dG8 cxdTofOF . &= nfkaf{xL x]nr]So | fOF c;fjwfgL . *= ;df
wsf ;fwgxnfO{ 7Ls;Fu g;Demg] k|jl[ Q . jfg\ lj) != k|dfb ug]{ k|dQ . @= pGdQ :jefjs
f] axnL :jefjsf] . #= e"nr"s ug]{ c;fjwfgLsf ;fydf sfd ug]{ . > k|dfbL lj) k|dfbjfg
\ . k|dfg gf) [;+) k|df0f] dNnsfnLg g]kfnsf] k|zf;gk|dv  jf k|dv k|zf;lgs clwsfL
. k|dfk gf) [;+)] != lglZrt cfwfdf l:y ulPsf], tf]lsPsf] jf ;a}n] dfg]sf] dfk jf dfg
. @= of]Uotf, >]i7tf cflb hfFRg]gfKg] cflb lgwf{lt :t jf qmd :tLo gfkf] ;sfL dfGot
t gfkhf]v . #= gfkf] . $= gfkL . > k|dfks lj) != sg} ljifonfO{ lglZrt kdf k|dfl0f
t ug]{ . @= gfKg] hf]Vg] gfktf}n ug]{ . k|ldt lj) [;+)] != jf:tljs kdf k|fdfl0fs 1fg
ePsf] ;To1fgn] oSt . @= yf]} cNk sd . #= gflkPsf] hf]lvPsf] k|df0fff l;4 ulPsf]
ulPsf] k|dfl0ft . > k|ldtfIff gf) ;u0f, hu0f, ;u0f ;u0foL rf u0fsf of]uaf6 aGg] hu
hfltsf] 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . k|ldlt gf) != sg} k|df0fff k|fKt xg] oyfy{ 1fg k|df0f . @=
dfk gfk . k|dLng gf) [;+)] != cfFvf aGb ug]{ sfd lgdLng . @= pF3fO tGb|foSt l:ylt t
Gb|f ems nf]Nofx6 . k|dLnf gf) [;+)] != pF3 tGb|f nf]Nofx6 . @= emsfO c4{lgb|f . #= l
lyntf SnflGt ysfO hD;f]kg . k|dLlnt lj) [;+)] pF3s ] f] tGb|fdf k]sf] emsfPsf] nf]
] . k|dv  lj) [;+)] != uGbf ;a}eGbf klxnf] 7xlg] . @= hg;d"xsf aLr klxnf] qmddf
cfpg] k|yd . #= sfdbf JolStxdf dVo k|wfg . $= ;fwf0f JolStxn] ;Ddfg ug]{ ;DdfGo k|
t . gf) %= ;Ddfg ug{ of]Uo JolSt . ~ cltly gf) sg} pT;j, ;dff]x cflbdf cfdlGqt ulP
sf] k|ltli7t Pj+ ;DdfGo JolStdWo] >]i7 . ~ clwsfLclws[t gf) sfof{no jf ljefusf] dV
o clwsfL xflsd . ~ lhNnf clwsfL gf) lhNnfsf] k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ x]g]{ k|dv clwsfL g]k
n ;sfff lgoSt, lhNnfsf] k|zf;sLo xflsd . tf gf) != k|dv  xg] l:ylt . @= k|dv  x
] u0f, ;fdYo{ jf k|dv eO;s]kl5sf] ljz]iftf . ~ ;lrj gf)

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
829

k|dl  btk|of]u k|oTg gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd jf p2]Zo k"f ug{sf lgldQ ulg] sfo{ r]i6f
Gglt k|of; sf]l;; . @= Jofs0fcg;f j0f{xsf] pRrf0f ubf{ Zjf;, lha|f,] s07 cflbsf] Jof
f . jfg\ lj) sg} sfo{ jf p2]Zo k"f ug{sf lglDt k|oTgzLn xg] sf]l;; ug]{ oTgzfnL .
lj) sg} sfo{ jf nIol;l4sf lglDt pGgtzLn xg] :jefj ePsf] pBf]uL . ;fWo lj) s7f] kl>d
jf 7"nf] oTgff l;4 xg] 7"nf] pGgltn] ;DkGg xg] jf ;kmntf xfl;n ug{ ;lsg] . k|ofu g
f) [;+)] u\uf, odgf Pj+ ;:jtLsf] ;\uddf x]sf], cr]n Onfxfafbsf gfpFn] k|Voft Ps k|l
;4 tLy{:yn tLy{fh . k|of0f gf) [;+)] != ;fOtsf ;fy ulg] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFsf] ofq
f kfOnf] jf kfOtf];fO k|:yfg kofg (k) g])) ofqf . @= o4sf lglDt 0f:ynlt ulg] k|:yf
= sg} klg sfo{sf] yfngL . $= Oxnf]saf6 knf]slt ulg] k|:yfg . %= kzsf] lkl7pF jf 9
f8 . sfn gf) != sg} 7fpFsf] ofqf ulg] ;do k|:yfgsfn . @= Oxnf]saf6 cjsfz k|fKt ug]
{ ;do dg]{ a]nf d[To;do . ~ uLt gf) ;}lgs cleofg jf dlSt ;\u|fdsf ;dodf ufOg] uLt
(dflr{ ;) . k|oft lj) [;+)] != Oxnf]saf6 cjsfz k|fKt u]sf] d]sf] d[t . gf) @= flt u
4 . #= kxf8 jf rfgsf] lsgff k|kft . $= 5xf] eL . k|of; gf) [;+)] != cfk"mn] rfx]sf]
xfl;n ug{ ulg] sfdsfafO{ oTg sf]l;; hdsf]{ . @= kl>d cfof; . #= pBf]u pGglt . zL
oTgzLn kl>dL ldlxg]tL . ;fWo lj) k|oTg jf k|of;af6 k"f xg] . > k|of;L lj) sg} sfo
;4 ug{ jf nIo xfl;n ug{ k|oTgzLn xg] k|of;zLn d]xgtL . k|oS  t lj) [;+)] != sg} lj
ifonfO{ Jojxfdf NofOPsf] k|of]u ulPsf] pkof]udf NofOPsf] . @= ldnfOPsf] pkof]uL tNof
OPsf] . > k|ol Qm gf) != k|oQ  m xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= k|of]u . k|of]Stf lj)
[;+)] != sg} ljifonfO{ Jojxfdf nufpg] k|of]udf Nofpg] pkof]udf Nofpg] . @= sfddf
nufpg] . #= sfo{t tNofpg] k|]s . k|of]u gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf ljifonfO{ Jojxfdf
nufpg] sfo{ pkof]u . @= gLlt, lgod, l;4fGt cflbsf] :yfkgf uL sfo{kdf Nofpg] k|lqmof
kLIf0f . #= sg} lsl;dsf z:q, c:q cflbnfO{ Jojxfdf Nofpg] sfo{ O:t]dfn . $= df0f, df
]xg, pRrf6g, jzLs0f cflbsf lglDt dGqsf] Jojxf . %= b[i6fGt pkdf pbfx0f . ^= cfDe k|f
ngL . ~ kq gf) ]n, df]6 cflbff lglZrt 7fpF;Dd

;sfL k|zf;g;DaGwL ljefusf] k|wfg ;lrj dVo ;lrj (rLkm ;]qm]6L) . ~ ;ef gf) != b]zsf k
|dv  kb jf :yfgdf x]sf k|Voft JolStxsf aLr dVo ljifodf 5nkmn Pj+ ljrfljdz{sf lglD
t ulPsf] ;ef . @= dVo jf dflyNnf txsf] ;ef . ~ ;]gfgL gf) zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf] Ps
pRr kb n]l6g]G6 s0f]{n . ~ :yklt gf) sg} ljefusf OlGhlgoxdWo] ;a}eGbf k|dv  rflxF (
rLkm OlGhlgo) . k|dl  bt lj) [;+)] cToGt k|;Gg ePsf] Hofb} vzL ePsf] clt k|km  lN
nt xif{n] ub\ub ePsf] . ~ gog gf) != dfPsf] cfFvf . @= k|;Gg x]fO . lj) #= dfPsf] xfF
s ] f] k|;Ggtfk"js { x]g]{ . ~ x[bo lj) != v;L xif{n] x[bo k|km  Nn ePsf] dg k|;G
g ePsf] lrQ dfPsf] . gf) @= k|;Gg dg dfPsf] x[bo . > k|dlbtf gf) != af}4 dxfofg jh|
fgsf ;fwsxsf Wofgsf] klxnf] cj:yf . @= af}4 wd{cg;f bze"ld, qof]bze"lddWo]sf] klx
nf] e"ld jf r}Tosf] klxnf] e"ld . #= k|dlbt ePsL gfL . k|do ] gf) [;+)] != k|df0
fsf lglDt pkoSt 7xlPsf] ljifo . @= k|df0f jf oyfy{ 1fg ug{ ;lsg] sf . #= sg} oy
fy{ 1fgnfO{ k|dfl0ft ug]{ cfwf . $= gfkf] jf gfkf]sf] ;fwg . lj) %= k|df0fsf] lgl
Dt pkoSt k|df0f lbg ;Sg] . k|dx ] gf) [;+)] lk;fa;Fu ldl;O{ jLo{ cyjf zLsf c wft k
ftlnP hfg] f]uxdWo] sg} Ps . > k|dx ] L lj) lk;faaf6 jLo{ Pj+ zLsf c wft klUnP hf
af6 u|:t k|d]xsf] f]uL . k|df]b gf) [;+)] != dg dfPsf] cj:yf xif{ cfgGb xs{ . @= ;f7
+jT;dWo]sf] Ps . s gf) gf6s, rnlrq cflbsf] k|bz{g tyf cGo dgf]~hg cflbdf nfUg] s dg
gs ljnf;s ljgf]bs . jg gf) cfdf]b ug{] au}r F f dg axnfpg] Pj+ ljxf ug]{ au}r F f
df]lbt lj) x[bo k|km  lNnt ePsf] k|df]boSt k|;Gg xif{n] ub\ub ePsf] . k|df]bL lj) x
[bonfO{ k|km  lNnt ufpg] cfglGbt tNofpg] . k|df];g gf) [c\)] eOx]sf kb jf :yfgaf6 d
flyNnf] kb jf :yfgdf xg] a9jf kbf]Gglt kbj[l4 . ~ sf gf) sg} sf0fjz sd{rfLxsf] kb
glt xg] sf s6f}tL xg] sfd xg nfu]sf] k|df];gdf sf0fjz pkl:yt afwf . k|df]x gf) [
;+)] != OlGb|ox lzlyn jf lgliqmo eP xg] a]xf];Lkgf df]x d"R5f{ . @= c1fg d"v{tf . >
k|df]xg gf) != s;}sf] x[bodf ulxf] k|efj kf] p;nfO{ dUw ufpg] sfo{ df]xgL nfpg] lqmo
dxgL . @= s;}sf OlGb|oxnfO{ lzlyn jf lgliqmo tNofP a]xf]; tNofpg] lqmof d"R5f{
kfg]{ sfd . k|df]lxt lj) != df]xdf k]sf] jf kflPsf] . @= d"lR5{t tNofOPsf] a]xf]; uf
OPsf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|of]hsk|jrg ofqf ubf{ k|of]u ulg] uGtJo :yfgsf] gfpF, ldlt, b:t cflb n]lvPsf] kq l
6s6 . jfb gf) klxn]bl] v rlncfPsf snfTds jf ;flxlTos kDkfnfO{ k|of]ufTds kdf kLIff u
o;df x]sf cgfjZos tyf lgy{s sfxsf] ljf]w ub}{ jf To:tf sfxnfO{ x6fpFb} gofF lsl;ds
k|of]u ug{k5{ eGg] Ps lsl;dsf] dt . jfbL lj) != k|of]ujfb;DaGwL . @= k|of]ujfbsf
] cgofoL . #= k|of]ujfbL ljrfwffxsf] k|ltkfbg ug]{ . ~ ljlw gf) sg} j:t jf ljifon
fO{ k|of]u ug]{ tlsf Jojxfdf Nofpg] k4lt jf k|lqmof . zfnf gf) != kbfy{lj1fg, ;fogzf
q cflb lj1fgljifos tYoxnfO{ hfFraem ug]{, ;Demg], hfGg] jf To; ;DaGwdf gofF tYo
kQf nufpg] cflb b[li6af6 ljleGg k| o f] u ulg] :yfg . @= hLa 6 L cflbsf ljleGg c\u
k|To\usf u0fwd{sf] ljj]rgf Pj+ ljZn]if0f ulg] 7fpF j]wzfnf . k|of]hs lj) [;+)] != s
g} ljifo jf j:tnfO{ k|of]udf Nofpg] sfddf nufpg] k|]s . gf) @= sg} ljifoj:tnfO{
k|of]udf jf Jojxfdf nufpg] JolSt k|of]ustf{ . #= s;}nfO{ sg} ljifodf k|]0ff lbg] J
olSt . $= hf]8\g] jf ldnfpg] JolSt . k|of]hg gf) [;+)] != sg} sfo{ljz]ifdf k|jQ
[ xgfsf] d"ne"t sf0f jf sf0fe"t clek|fo p2]Zo cfzo . @=cy{ dtna sfd . #= s0fL x]t
pkof]u Jojxf . jtL nIf0ff gf) ;flxTodf sg} ljlzi6 k|of]hgl;l4sf lglDt ulPsf], jfRo
fy{b]lv leGg cy{ lg:sg] nIf0ff ;ff]kf nIf0ff . > k|of]hgLok|of]Ho lj) k|of]hg ePsf] J
ojxfdf cfpg ;Sg] sfddf nufpg ;lsg] jf ldNg] pkof]uL h?t ePsf] cfjZos rflxg] rflxFbf
|f]rgf gf) [;+)] gf6ssf gf6ssf] k|z; + f uL k|I ] fsnfO{ gf6s x]g{ k|l] t ug]{ sfd .
k|nDa lj) [;+)] != emlG8Psf] n6\lsPsf] . @= clt nfdf] . gf) #= emlG8g] sfd n6\sfO
emG8fO . $= xfFuf] zfvf . %= anfdff dflPsf] Ps fIf; . > k|nDag gf) != emlG8g] lqm
sfO . @= Hofb} nlDag] lqmof tGsg] lqmof nDsfO tGsfO . afx lj) nfdfnfdf xft xg] 38
F f;Dd kUg] xft xg] cfhfgafx . > k|nlDat lj) tlGsPsf] emlG8Psf] nlDaPsf] . k|nD
aL lj) != tlGsg] emlG8g] . @= cf>o lng] . k|nDe gf) [;+)] != nfe pknlAw k|flKt kmfOb
. @= 5nsk6 wf]sf . > k|nDeg gf) 5nsk6 hfn;fh wf]sf . k|no gf) [;+)] != ;+;fdf ePsf g
gf lsl;dsf b[Zo Pj+ cb[Zo kbfy{x ;a} g} ljnLg eP nKt xg] k|lqmof . @= ;[li6, no
jf ljno eO{ ;[li6sf] d"n sf0fdf ldNg] k|lqmof k|s[ltdf nKt xg] lqmof . #= ;j{gfz
ljWj+;, ;+xf . $=
830

d[To d0f . ssfL lj) k|no ug]{ k|no\s . sfn gf) k|nosf] ;do . sfnLg lj) k|
k|nosfL . wdL{ lj) gfz Pj+ ljWj+; xg] :jefjsf] . k|nfk gf) [;+)] != axnfsf] h:tf
] Joy{sf] sf] ;Gsfxfsf] kmnfsf]h:tf] syg lgy{s cfnfk asjfb . @= bMv k|s6 u] ?g] k|
of ljnfk . #= Hjf] cfPsf a]nf jf cfj]udf cfPsf a]nf hyfefjL af]Ng] k|lqmof 5fF6f pGd
fbsf] jrg . > k|nfks lj) != k|nfk ug]{ asjfbL . @= cfnfkljnfk ug]{ . #= k|nfk ufpg]
k|nfksfL k|nfkL . k|nfkL lj) != k|nfks . @= k|nfksfL . k|nv ] gf) [;+)] != ljleGg If
]qsf sfddf cfpg ;Sg] lnlvt sfuh jf n]v (8sdG ] 6) . @= sg} sfsf] k|fdfl0fstf ;
lDdlnt ePsf], sfggL b[li6af6 sg} kIf jf Jojxfsf ;dy{gdf pkl:yt ug{ ;lsg] ljlzi6
lsl;dsf] lnlvt kq k|fdfl0fs n]v . #= clen]v . k|n]vLo lj) [;+)] k|n]v;DaGwL . ~ r
nlrq gf) sg} dxjk"0f{ sf, 36gf, kftj, b]zbz{g, cf}Bf]lus k|ult cflbsf] lrq lnOPsf]
rnlrq ;dfrf lkmNd ;"rgflrq j[Qlrq 8sdG ] 6L lkmNd . k|nk ] gf) [;+)] != 3fp, vl6
bdf dnd nufpg] lqmof n]kg ug]{ sfd . @= 3fp, vl6f cflbdf nufpg] dnd . #= dvdf jf
zLdf 3:g] l:gUw Pj+ ;ulGwt kbfy{ n]kg n]k . > k|n]kg gf) != n]kg ug]{ lqmof Pj+ k|lq
mof . @= k|n]k n]k . k|nf]e gf) [;+)] != wgdfn, j:t cflbdf Hofb} dfqfdf ulg] nf]e 7
"nf] nf]e nfnr . @= s;}nfO{ nf]edf kfg{] lqmof k|nf]eg cfl:ofOF . > k|nf]es lj) csf{n
fO{ nf]e b]vfpg] k|nf]egdf kfg]{ . k|nf]eg gf) != Hofb} nf]e Pj+ nfnr ug]{ sfd . @
= nf]Eofpg] k|lqmof . k|nf]let lj) != Hofb} nf]lePsf] k|nf]egdf k]sf] k|nAw . @= dS
vLr; :jefjsf] . k|nf]eL Hofb} nf]eL k|nf]egdf nfUg] dSvLr; cfxfl;] nAwf] . k|jStf
) [;+)] != sg} ljifoj:tnfO{ ;a} >f]tfn] fd|L ag] uL k|efjsfL 9\uaf6 k|jrg ug]{ . g
) @= ;\3 ;+:yfsf tkm{af6 cflwsfls kdf sg} ljifodfly af]Ng] jf k|sfz kfg]{ JolSt . k
|jrg gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifodf >f]tfxn] fd|L ag] uL k|efjsfL 9\uaf6 af]Ng] jf eGg]
f k|jStfsf] lnlvt jf clnlvt efif0f . @= j]b, kf0f cflbdf ePsf pkof]uL ljifosf pkb
]zx atfpg] sfd . #= wfld{s Pj+ g}lts ljifodf ulg] efif0f . > k|jrgLo lj) != k|jrg l
bg jf ug{ plrt . @= k|jrg;DaGwL .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
831

k|j~rsk|ljlw kbf{ ePsf] aUuL jf kfnsL kbf{jfn ;jfL . #= 5f]Lsf] ljjfx uL jsf xftdf ;
kg] sfd sGofbfg . k|jXnL gf) [;+)] k|x]lnsf c8\sf] . k|jft gf) [;+)] != vnf, ;kmf t
fhf xfjf :j:y xfjf . @= cfFwL xL xG8L . k|jfb gf) [;+)] != k:kdf af]Ng] sfd jftf
fgL . @= JoSt ug]{ lqmof k|s6ufO . #= ls+jbGtL hg>lt . $= dflg;xsf] xf]xNnf jf ufOF
uOF hgj . %= afhfsf] Wjlg jfBem\sf . > k|jfbs lj) afhf ahfpg] sfd ug]{ jfBjfbs . k|
L lj) != k|jfb;DaGwL . @= k|jfb ug]{ . k|jfn gf) [;+)] != Ps k|sfsf] Tg duf ljb|d .
@= gSsnL duf kjfFnf] . #= kfnjf kfpnf] kNnj . ~ ou gf) e"ue{zf:qcg;f dufsf] ;[l
i6 ePsf] ou cfheGbf rjfnL; sf]8 jif{ klxn] k|fDe ePsf] ou kfhLjsleq kg]{ t];f | ]
ou . k|jf; gf) [;+)] != kb]zsf] a;fO ljb]zsf] jf; . @= kb]z hfg] lqmof lab]l;g] sfd
. > k|jf;g gf) != ljb]zdf hfg] jf xg] sfd :jb]zaf6 aflxsf] k|:yfg . @= b]zlgsfnf b]zl
gisf;g . #= jw xTof . k|jfl;t lj) != b]zlgsfnf ulPsf] b]zlgisfl;t . @= ljb]zdf uP a;f
]af; u]sf] kb]zdf x]sf] kb]{l;Psf] . k|jf;L lj) kb]zdf xg] ljb]zdf a:g] k|jf;df
k|jfl;gL . k|jfx gf) [;+)] != kfgLsf] aufO hnwf . @= xfjfsf] axfO jfok|jfx . #= kfg
L;Fu} sg} j:tsf] aufO jf xfjf;Fu} sg} j:tsf] axfO . $= aujf kfgL jf axFbf]
xfjf . %= efif0f, rng, sfd, ofqf cflb sfo{sf] c66 l;nl;nf . > k|jfxs != lj) k|jf
lxt kfg]{ k|jfxdf n}hfg] axfpg] aufpg] . Gff) @= df]6, ]n, xjfO{hxfh cflb uf8L . k"0
{ lj) != k|jfxsf ;fydf ePsf] jf ulPsf] . @= k|jfxn] oSt jf elk"0f{ . do lj) k|jfx e
Psf] a]lunf] kmlt{nf] l56f] . > k|jflxt lj) != fd|L au]sf] jf aufOPsf] . @= cf];flP
nluPsf] . #= ax]sf] jf axfOPsf] . k|jflxgL gf) gbL . k|jfxL lj) != fd|L aUg] k|jfxoS
t . @= cf];fg]{ sfd ug]{ n}hfg] . #= rnfpg] ;~rfng ug]{ . $= axfpg] p8fpg] . %= k|j
fxdo l56f] . k|ljlw gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd ubf{ cgej tyf k|of]usf cfwfdf cFuflng] v
f; ljlw jf k|lqmof sg} sfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ j}1flgs 9\un] sfd ug]{ k4lt, ;Lk, 9\u jf
sf}zn tslgsL . @= vf;vf; lzNksf] xtf}8L . (pbf) a"9f d]kl5 Tof] 3sf dfG5]n] hhdfgL 5
f]8,] lsgeg] 5f]fxnfO{ k]TofOFsf] k|ljlw yfxf lyPg .) ~ zf:q gf) j}1flgs tlsfn] hLjg
sf lglDt cfjZos tyf lgdf{0ffTds sfo{ ;~rflnt ug]{ zf:q .

k|j~rs lj) [;+)] hfn;fh u] csf{sf] >L;DklQ wTg] 7u w"t{ wf]s]afh . k|j~rgk|j~rgf g
+)] hfn;fh u] csf{sf] wgdfn wTg] k|j[lQ 7uL wf]s]afhL w"t{tf . k|jl~rt lj) [;+)] s;}
f hfn;fhdf k] cfgf] wgdfn xfPsf] 7luPsf] wf]sfdf k]sf] k|j~rgfdf k]sf] . k|j lj)
a}eGbf dVo k|wfg >]i7 . @= ;a}eGbf dflyNnf txsf] d"nL . gf) #= uf]q rnfpg] Clifkl5
sf gfpF rn]sf Clif . ~ j[If gf) ;fg{sf nflu d"n vsf xfFufxnfO{ sndL agfOPsf] c;n ;k
|s ] f] af]6 jf la?jf . ~ ;ldlt gf) sg} ljw]os, k|:tfj cflbdf ljrf cfjZos ;+zf]wg
cflb u] ;+;b\df k]; ug{ ;+;b\ff ul7t k|dv ;ldlt . k|ju{ gf) [;+)] != cg]s ju{ jf >]
0fLxdf Ps sg} ju{sf cGtu{tsf] ;fgf] ljefu . @= xjg ug]{ clUg xf]dflUg . k|jt{s lj)
[;+)] != sg} sfddf nufpg] k|jQ [ ug]{ . @= ;? ug]{ cfDe ug]{ yfNg] . #= sg} sfd r
nfOfVg] hfL fVg] . $= gofF j:tsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ cfljisf ug]{ . gf) %= gf6sdf ;"qwff
fg syfsf] j0f{g kfqxsf] k|jz ] b]vfOg] Ps lzNk k|:tfjgfsf] Ps e]b . k|jt{g gf) [;+)
] != s;}nfO{ sg} sfddf nufpg] sfo{ k|jQ [ ufpg] sfo{ . @= yfngL . #= ;~rfng k|rfng
. $= sg} gofF ljifoj:t, l;4fGt jf k|lqmofsf] lgdf{0f cfljisf cGj]if0f . k|jlt{t l
j) [;+)] k|jt{g ulPsf] k]mlPsf] . k|j4{s lj) [;+)] k|j4{g ug]{ (JolQm) . k|j4{g gf) [
;+)] j[l4 k|jw{g . k|jl4{t lj) [;+)] x]) k|jlw{t . k|jw{s lj) [;+)] != a9fpg] j[l4 uf
pg] xsf{pg] . @= kljlw{t tNofpg] . k|jw{g gf) [;+)] != ;fg jf yf]a } f6 7"nf] xb
F } jf w]} xb F } hfg] lqmof k|j4{g j[l4 . @= ;fgf]af6 7"nf] ufpg] jf yf]}af6 w]} u
g] lqmof a9fpg] sfo{ j[l4 . k|jlw{t lj) [;+)] != ;fgf]af6 7"nf] ufOPsf] . @= yf]}af6
w]} ufOPsf] a9fOPsf] k|jl4{t . #= a9]sf] 7"nf] ePsf] w]} ePsf] . k|jif{0f gf) [;+)]
uaf6 xg] emLsf] a;f{O jiff{ j[li6 . @= lslisGwfsf ;dLkdf x]sf] fdfo0fk|l;4 Ps kj{t .
k|j;g gf) [;+)] != k|jf; jf ljb]z hfg] lqmof kb]zofqf . @= d[To d0f . k|jx gf) [;+)]
!= kfgLsf] 7"nf] k|jfx jf wff hn;|f]t . @= xfjfsf] k|jfx . #= ;ft k|sfsf jfodWo] P
s . > k|jx0f gf) != axg] lqmof Pj+ k|lqmof . @= uf]? jf 3f]8fn] tfGg],

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|lji6k|z; + f k|lji6 lj) [;+)] != k|j]z u]sf] jf 3;]sf] k;]sf] l5]sf] . ] @= k|jz ]
kfPsf] k|jz ] ufOPsf] . > k|ljli6 gf) != k|jz ufpg] sfo{ dVo :yfgdf xg lbg] cgdlt .
@= vr{ jf cfDbfgL vftfdf n] l vg] sfd . #= gfd btf{ ufpgfsf lglDt lbOg] ;fdfGo lg
j]bg . $= btf{ ;dfj]z . (pbf) sf]zsfn] k|To]s zAbsf] k|ljli6df ljz]if Wofg lbgk5{
.) k|jL0f gf) [;+)] != sg} klg sfo{ ;DkGg ug{df ;Lk ePsf] l;kfn lgk0f szn . @= j
L0ff ahfpg hfGg] . k|jL0ftf gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd ug{sf lglDt x]sf] szntf lgk0ftf
;Lk . @= OG6ldl8P6tx k|df0fkqtx . k|df0f kq gf) k|df0fkqtxsf] cWoog k"f uL k|fKt
df0fkq (cfO{) P), cfO{) P;);L), cfO{) sd\), cfO) P8) sf kLIffxsf] gofF lzIffof]hgfc
g;fsf] gfd .) . k|jQ [ lj) [;+)] != sg} sfddf szntfk"j{s nfu]sf] t tNnLg nLg . @=
sg} sfo{sf lglDt tof pBt . #= sg} sfo{ ;? ulPsf] cfAw . $= tTk . k|jl [ Q gf) [;+
!= sg} sfo{, nIo, j:t jf ntltsf] dfgl;s emsfp . @= dgsf] nug . #= OlGb|oxsf] cf
cfgf ljifoef]utkm{sf] cfsif{0f ;f+;fls ljifok|ltsf] df]x . $= jftf{ j[QfGt . %= rfnr
ng cfrfljrf . ^= cfgLafgL . ut lj) k|jl[ Q;Fu ;DalGwt k|jl[ Qsf] . d"ns lj) vf; u
lQdf cfwflt k|j[lQaf6 k|]lt . k|jz ] gf) [;+)] != aflxaf6 leq hfg] jf k:g] lqmof . @
= sg} If]q, ju{, ;\3 cflbdf lgodk"j{s xg] ;fd]nL . #= sg} ljifo jf zf:q;DaGwL
k|flDes 1fg . $= sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf] ;xeflutf . %= ;+:yf cflbdf xf]Og] jf ulg] egf{
. ^= ;dfj]z k|ljli6 . lj) &= k|lji6 . s gf) != k|jz ] lbg] jf ldnfpg] JolSt . @=
sfsfgLaf6} 36gf jf syfsf] klro ufOg], gf6ssf] dWoefusf] Ps lzNk . lj) #= k|jz ] ufp
g] . kq gf) sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf lglDt ;DalGwt 7fpFdf k|j]z ug{ kfpg] clwsf n]lvPsf]
kq l6s6 . kqs gf) l;g]df xn, gf6zfnf, ;\uLt ;Dd]ng cflb ;dff]xdf k:g] a]nfdf l6s6 l
] JolSt (u]6lsk) . ~ kLIff gf) k|j]lzsf kf; eO;s]sf ljBfyL{xaf6 dxfljBfnoLo k9fO ;?
ug{sf lglDt of]Uo cof]Uo 5fpg lnOg] kLIff Ps tx kf u] csf]{ txdf hfg] ;DaGwdf of]
g egL lnOg] kLIff . f]wg gf) pRr kbflwsfLxaf6 cfgf] dfu k"f ufpgnfO{ jf ;fwf0f d
cglrt sfd ug{af6 f]Sg jf hf]ufpgnfO{ sfof{no, bf]sfg, c8\8fvfgf, ljBfno, dxfljBf
no cflbsf 9f]sfdf ;8s cflbsf cufl8 c8] a:g] sfd lks]l6\ . ~ zNs gf) != sg} ;+:yf j
f 7fpFdf
832

k|lji6 xgsf lglDt lgwf{lt ulPsf] b|Jo jf sd . @= k|jz ] kq lnFbf nfUg] zNs . > k|
jz ] fyL{ lj) != sg} ;+:yf, kb jf 7fpFdf k|jz ] ug{ rfxg] . gf) @= k|jz ] sf] pD
d]bjf . k|jl ] zsf gf) [;+)] != pRr lzIffdf k|jz ] uge { Gbf klxn] lnOg] dfWolds
txsf] kLIff P;) Pn) ;L) Dofl6s . @= pSt kLIff;DaGwL k7gkf7g . #= pSt k7gkf7gsf] tx .
~ kLIff gf) pRr lzIff k|fKt ufpgeGbf klxn] lnOg] jf lbOg] kLIff ljBfnosf] k9fO ;dfKt
ePkl5 lnOg] jf lbOg] clGtd kLIff Dofl6s hfFr P;\) Pn) ;L) sf] kLIff . k|jl ] zt lj)
;+)] != k;]sf] k|jz ] u]sf] k|lji6 . @= k|jz ] ufOPsf] k|j]z kfPsf] xlnPsf] . k|jh |
g gf) [;+)] != sg} sf0fn] cyjf Ctljz]ifdf a;]sf] 7fpF jf b]zaf6 ;lPsf] a;fOF . @=
;GGof; k|j|Hof . k|jl | ht lj) [;+)] != ;GGof; u|x0f u]sf] ;GGo:t hf]uL ePsf] . @= l
jb]z uPsf] kb]z nfu]sf] . #= ;GGof;L . k|jH | of gf) [;+)] != 3 5f8] sxLF 6f9f hfg] s
fd . @= 3af 5f8L 6f9fsf] sg} lgh{g :yndf uP a:g] sfd PsfGtjf; . #= ;f+;fls Jojxf jf
GwgnfO{ Tofu] ;GGof; u|x0f ug]{ sfd ;GGof; . $= hLljsf, lgjf; cflbsf] ;ljwfsf b[l
i6n] cfgf] b]z jf :yn 5f8] sg} csf]{ b]z jf :yfgdf uP a:g] sfd . ~ j|t gf) lxGb"xsf
o1f]kjLtsf lsl;dsf] xg] g]kfnL af}4xsf] Ps ;+:sf . k|jf | hs gf) [;+)] != ;GGof;L
. @= klj|fhs leIf . k|z; + s lj) [;+)] k|z; + f jf u0fufg ug]{ fd|f] jf pQd 5 egL t
flkm ug]{ (JolQm) . k|z; + gLo lj) [;+)] u0fufg ug{ nfos k|z+;f ug{ of]Uo tflkm ug{
nfos :tTo . ~ k gf) jL/tfk"js { sfo{ ug]{ g]kfnL ;]gfsf clws[t tyf hjfgnfO{ k|bfg
ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@) ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . k|z; + f gf) [;+)] != s]xL fd|f u0fxsf] cf
wfdf a9fO{r9fO{ cyjf oyfy{ kdf ulPsf] s;}sf] fd|f] avfg ;x|gL tflkm . @= :tlt :tl
. #= e"m6f] tflkm rfKn;L a];f3;fO . 3f]if gf) sg} jStfn] efif0f ubf{ jf sljn] sljt
kf7 ubf{ d"ne"t tYosf] cgdf]bgdf >f]tfxaf6 ePsf] k|z+;f;"rs tfnLsf] Wjlg . ~ kq
gf) != sg} sfdbfxn] OdfgbfLk"js { sfd u]afkt pRr clwsfLn] cyjf sg} ;+:yfn] lbg] ;fx
fkq . @= fd|f] sfo{ u]afkt ;+:yf, JolSt jf ;+:yfsf] k|dv  n] st}af6 kfpg] ;fxgfkq
. > k|zl + ;t lj) k|z+;f ulPsf] u0fufg ulPsf] tflkm ulPsf] . k|z: + o lj) k|z; + f
of]Uo u0fufg ulg] vfnsf] tflkm ug{ nfos k|z; + gLo .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
833

k|zdgk|lzIff k|zf;g gf) [;+)] != sg} sfof{nosf ljleGg ;d:ofxsf] k|aGw . @= fHo, lhN
nf, c~rn cflbsf] ;f+:s[lts, ;fdflhs, cfly{s, fhgLlts cflb ;d:ofsf] lgoGq0f jf ;df
wfg ug]{ sfo{ . ~ sfo{ gf) k|zf;g . ~ sfo{ Ifdtf gf) k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ ug{ Pj+ ufpg
sf lglDt cfjZos of]Uotf jf lgk0ftf k|zf;gsfo{sf lglDt pkoSt ;fdYo{ . ~ kq gf) OR
5fkqxLg ;DklQsf] k|aGw ug{sf lglDt k|zf;snfO{ lgoSt ulPsf], ;jf]{Rr cbfnt jf pRr
cbfntff hfL ulPsf] cfb]zkq . ~ e\u gf) cfGtls pkb|j, cfly{s ;\s6 cflbsf sf0fn] ub
Joj:yf e\u xg] l:ylt k|zf;lgs u8a8L . k|zf;lgs lj) [;+)] k|zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt k|zf;gs
f] . ~ c\u gf) b]zsf] dVo k|zf;gsf cwLgdf xL To;nfO{ rf}ltaf6 ;xof]u kofpg :yfkgf u
sf ;fgf;fgf k|zf;lgs lgsfo jf sfof{no . ~ gu gf) != w]}h;f] k|zf;gsf lgsfox x]sf] ;x
, lhNnf cflbsf] ;b dsfd . @= k|zf;gsf cwLgdf a;fOPsf] jf Joj:yf ulPsf] ;x . k|zf;g
Lo lj) [;+)] != k|zf;g ugk { g]{ k|zf;g ug{ nfos . @= k|zf;g;Fu ;DaGw fVg] fhsfhl;t
;DalGwt (sfo{) . k|zfl;t lj) [;+)] != k|zf;g ulPsf] . @= k|zf;sff cbkdf flvPsf] . k|l
zIfs gf) [;+)] sg} k|fljlws ljifoxsf] lqmofTds jf Jofjxfls lzIff lbg] JolSt k|fof]l
us lzIff lbg] jf To; ;DaGwdf tflnd lbg] lzIfs k|lzIf0f lbg] JolSt tflndsf] kyk|bz{
s . k|lzIf0f gf) [;+)] != k|fljlws ljifoxdf lqmofTds jf Jofjxfls lzIff lbg] sfd k|fo
f]lus lzIff lbg] jf To; ;DaGwdf tflnd lbg]] sfd . @= k|fljlws jf lzNkut lzIf0f .
#= k|zf;lgs sfo{ljlw Pj+ cGo Jofjxfls ljifoxsf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] lzIff . ~ s]Gb| gf
) k|fljlws ljifoxdf lqmofTds jf Jofjxfls lzIff lbOg] 7fpF k|zf;lgs Pj+ cGo Jofjxfls
ljifoxsf] tflnd lbg] 7fpF . ~ SofDk;dxfljBfno gf) ;fdfGo lzIfs Pj+ cGo sd{rfLxnfO{ lq
mofTds jf Jofjxfls lzIff lbg] jf cfcfgf ljifosf k|ljlwsf] ljz]if k|lzIf0f jf tflnd
lbOg] dxfljBfno (6l] g sn]h) . ~ ljBfno gf) ;fdfGo lzIfs Pj+ cGo sd{rfLxnfO{ lqmofTd
s jf Jofjxfls lzIff lbg] jf cfcfgf ljifosf k|ljlwsf] ljz]if k|lzIf0f jf tflnd lbOg
] ljBfno k|fljlws ljBfno tflnd :sn . > k|lzIf0ffyL{ gf) k|fljlws ljifodf tflnd lnOx
]sf 5fq5fqf . k|lzIff gf) [;+)] != k|lzIf0f . @= tflnd k|fljlws lzIf0f . > k|lzIffy
L{ gf) k|lzIf0f k|fKt ug{ rfxg] JolSt k|lzIf0f

k|zdg gf) [;+)] != dfgl;s cfgGb zflGt . @= ;f+;fls pkef]uaf6 kfOg] dlSt df]If . #=
cGtMs0f OlGb|oxsf] ;+od . $= Ifdf ;xgzLntf . %= lt:sf lgGbf . ^= gfz . &= cj;fg cG
|z:t lj) [;+)] != k|z+;f ulPsf] k|z+l;t . @= k|z+;f ug{ nfos k|z+;gLo . #= ;a}dfsf]
c;n pQd . $= ;a}dfsf] 7"nf] ljzfn lj:t[t . %= w]} Hofbf cf}wL clws dgUo . lqm) lj)
dfqfdf w]} ;\Vofdf . &= kof{Kt xg] uL kof{Kt dfqfdf . k|zl:t gf) [;+)] != s;}sf zLn
:jefj, k, ;sfo{ cflbsf lglDt ulg] k|z+;f :tlt . @= fhf jf /fi6k|dvsf] j+z, sLlt{,
k|z+;f cflbsf] j0f{g ePsf] jfSo tfd|kq, lznfkq cflbdf n]lvg], fhf jf jLxsf] k|z+;f;
"rs jfSo . #= u|Gysf stf{, ljifo, sfn cflbsf] pNn]v ulPsf], cflb cGTosf] k\lSt . k
|zfvf gf) [;+)] != vsf xfFufdf knfPsf] csf]{ xfFuf] . @= k|zf;lgs jf cGo sg} dVo
ljefucGtu{t x]sf] dVo ljefunfO{ ;xof]u kofpg] pkljefu ljefucGtu{tsf] csf]{ ljefu
. k|zfGt lj) [;+)] != dgdf sg} lsl;dsf] ljsf gePsf] zfGt . @= r~rn :jefj gePsf] lgZ
rn l:y . #= OlGb|oxnfO{ jzdf fv]sf] OlGb|olht . $= Ox;+;faf6 dlSt kfPsf] d]sf] . g
Pl;of cd]lsfsf aLrdf kg]{ dxf;fu . ~ lrQ lj) l:y lrQ ePsf] zfGt dg ePsf] lgZrn :je
f] . ~ dxf;fu gf) ;+;fsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] dxf;fu . k|zf;s gf) [;+)] != fHo, ;\3, ;+:yf
fof{no cflbsf dflyNnf txsf] k|aGws fHosf] zf;g jf k|aGw ug]{ JolSt . lj) @= zf;g u
g]{ zf;g rnfpg] zf;gstf{ . k|zf;sLo lj) [;+)] != k|zf;g;DaGwL . @= k|zf;s;DaGwL . g
f) #= k|zf;s jf k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{ jf bfloTj . ~ sfo{ljlw gf) k|zf;g;DaGwL sfd s;L
ug{k5{ eGg] gLlt Pj+ lgodsf] tlsf k|zf;lgs Joj:yf ldnfpg] sfo{k|0ffnL k|zf;gsf sfd
sfafO{sf] 9fFrf . ~ lgoGq0f gf) zf;gk|aGwsf] lgoGq0f ug]{ sfd k|zf;gnfO{ cfgf] cwLgd
f fVg] sfo{ . ~ klifb\ gf) sg} vf; lsl;dsf] k|zf;g rnfpgsf lglDt ul7t ljlzi6 JolSt
xsf] ;d"x . ~ ;xfos gf) != dVo k|zf;ssf dftxtdf x] lghn] rnfpg] k|zf;g;DaGwL sfo{df
;xof]u kofpg] JolSt . @= sg} sfof{nosf dVo k|zf;seGbf tNnf] txsf] k|zf;s . ~
;\u7g gf) sg} vf; lsl;dsf] k|zf;g rnfpgsf lglDt ljlzi6 JolStxff ul7t k|zf;sLo ;d"x l
lzi6 lsl;dsf k|zf;sLo JolQmxsf] ;d"x .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|zf]wgk|;fb k|fKt ulx]sf 5fq5fqf . k|lzlIft lj) k|lzIff jf tflnd k|fKt u]sf] jf k|fK
ufOPsf] . k|zf]wg gf) [;+)] sRrf, cz4 Pj+ cklis[t j:tnfO{ vf], k]n] Pj+ kvfn] z4
f]vf] Pj+ klis[t tNofpg] sfd . k|zf]lwt lj) [;+)] z4, rf]vf] Pj+ klis[t kflPsf] vfl
sf] kvflnPsf] k|zf]wg ulPsf] . k|Zg gf) [;+)] != sg} sfsf] pT;stf d]6\gsf nflu cyj
f plrt hjfkm kfpgsf nflu s;}nfO{ ;gfOg] zAb, jfSo jf jfSo;d"x ;jfn . @= To;} p2]Z
on] ulg] db|f, xfpefp, ;fptL cflbsf] k|bz{gL . #= 5fqsf] of]Uotf hfFRgsf nflu lz
If0f;+:yfn] tof kf]sf] lnlvt jf df}lvs ;jfn . $= k|Zgkq . %= cGtjf{tf{ lbg] jf sg
} kbsf] pDd]bjf xg]sf] of]Uotf hfFRg ;f]lwg] lnlvt jf df}lvs ;jfnkq . ~ lrXg gf)
!= k|ZgoSt jfSosf cGtdf n]lvg] lrXg (<) . @= k|Zg cgQlt x]sf] sf] hgfpg] lrXg .
#= ;d:ofd"ns ljifodf nIo ulg] lrXg k|Zgjfrs lrXg . ~ kq gf) kLIff, cGtjf{tf{ cflbdf
;f]flwg], n]v] jf 5kfP tof ulPsf] k|ZgfjnLsf] kq . jfrs lrXg gf) k|ZglrXg ;jfn ug]{
Xg (<) . > k|ZgfjnL gf) != k|Zgxsf] qmda4 tflnsf . @= kLIffdf kLIffyL{xnfO{ pQ n]Vgsf
lglDt ;f]lwg] k|Zgkq . #= sg} klg ljifosf] jf:tljs hfgsfL k|fKt ug{ jf tYo ;\sng
ug{sf lglDt To;;Fu ;DalGwt JolStxnfO{ ;f]Wg tof ulPsf k|Zgxsf] ;"rL . k|Zgf]Q gf) !=
;}af6 sg} sfsf] hfgsfL xfl;n ug{ ;f]lwg] k|Zg Pj+ p;n] lbPsf] pQ . @= k|Zg pQ . #=
k|Zg To;sf] pQ;d]t ;fy;fy} ePsf] Ps cyf{n\sf . $= dvfdv . %= v}va . k|>o gf) [;+)
!= cfk"meGbf ;DkGg JolSt;Fu lnOg] jf cfk"meGbf ljkGg JolStnfO{ lbOg] ;xff cf>o cf8
cf8ef];f . @= ljgo gd|tf . #= k|Llt k|]d . > k|>oL lj) != u0f, zLn cflb gd| ePsf] lj
gLt . @= cfrfljrf Pj+ afgLa]xf]f lzi6 ePsf] ;Hhg . #= ;xff lng] k|>o lng] cf>o lng]
|>j0f gf) [;+)] ;gj  fO ;gfO >j0f . k|l>t lj) [;+)] != ljgLt gd| . @= ems]sf] lgx
lPsf] . #= k|>odf x]sf] cfl>t . k|Zj:t gf) [;+)] != ;f; k]m]em}F uL pRrf0f ulg] Wjl
if, ;, x cflb) . lj) @= ;f; k]mlPsf] . k|Zjf; gf) [;+)] != gfs, dv cflbaf6 ;f; a
flx lg:sg] lqmof lgMZjf; ;f;k]mfO . @= kmf]S;fleq x]sf] ljsfoSt Zjf;nfO{ aflx ofFS
lqmof . #= To;L lg:s]sf] jf ofFlsPsf] ;f; .
834

k|i6Jo lj) [;+)] ;f]Wg of]Uo k|Zg ug{ nfos . k|;\u gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf JolSt;F
u xg] ;DaGw ;+;u{ . @= Ps csf{;Fusf] l;nl;nf qmd ;Gbe{ . #= sg} sfo{sf lglDt cj; df}
f . $= sg} ljifodfly ePsf] rrf{ jftf{nfk . %= :qLk?ifsf aLrdf xg] ;dfud d}yg ;D
ef]u . ^= cgfu cf;lSt . &= k|s0f cWofo . > k|;\uL lj) != k|;\un] oSt ePsf] k|;\u
@= k|d ] ug]{ k|]dL cgfuL . k|;Gg lj) [;+)] != dgdf sg} lsl;dsf ljsfx jf kL, ;tf{
lb gePsf] xlif{t k|kmNn ti6 . @= ljsf/ gePsf] :jR5 lgd{n . ~ lrQ lj) ;w}F lrQ dfO
JolQm) . tf gf) dgsf] lgd{ntf x[bosf] k|kmNntf v;L . > k|;GgfTdf lj) k|;GglrQ . k|
;0f gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf j:tsf] k}mnfj6 lj:t0f . @= lkmFhfO k}mnfO . #= cl3 a9
\g] jf clu nfUg] k|lqmof . $= zqnfO{ 3]f xfNg] sfd 3]fO . k|;j gf) [;+)] != aRrf hG
dg] jf afns k}bf xg] lqmof k|;"lt . @= pTklQ hGd . #= ;Gtfg ;Gtlt . $= kmn . %= k"
mn kik . ~ sfn gf) ;Ts]L ePsf] jf xg] ;do afns k}bf ePsf] If0f . ~ u[x gf) != aRrf
hGdfpgsf lglDt ;lhnf] xg] jf ;DalGwt ;a} ;fdu|L ePsf] c:ktfn k|;l" tu[x . @= ;
Ts]/Lsf]7f] . > k|;jg gf) afns hGdfpg] lqmof Pj+ k|lqmof aRrf k}bf ug]{ jf xg] sf
d ;Ts]f] . k|;jGtL gf) k|;jj]bgfn] 5f]PsL :qL k|;jkL8f xg yfn]sL cfOdfO{ ;Ts]L xg
a]nfsL cfOdfO{ . kL8f gf) aRrf kfpgeGbf s]xL cufl8b]lv aRrf hlGd;Stf;Dd aRrfsL
cfdfnfO{ xg] si6 Pj+ bvfO k|;jJoyf . ~ j]bgf gf) k|;jkL8f . ~ Joyf gf) k|;jkL8f .
~ :yfg gf) != afns hlGdPsf] 7fpF (k|;"ltu[x, ;Ts]/Lsf]7f] O)) . @= uF8 gL8 . k|;
ljtf gf) [;+)] hGd lbg] afa hgs lktf . k|;ljqL gf) [;+)] afnssf] hGd lbg] cfdf hggL
ftf . k|;ljgL lj) [;+)] != afnssf] hGd lbg] hGdfpg] ;Ts]L . @= cfdf . k|;fb gf) [;+)
] != dgdf c;Gtf]if, nf]e, df]x, l; cflb ljsf geO{ k|km  Nntf x]sf] cj:yf :jR5tf lgd{
ntf . @= dgdf zf]s, ;tf{, lrGtf cflb s]xL klg geO{ xiff]{Nnf; ePsf] l:ylt k|;Ggt
f . #= b]pb]ptfnfO{ r9fOPsf] j:t g}j]b . $= b]jtf jf k"Ho hgxn] cfgf eStxnfO{ afF8\
g] vfg]sf] . %= sfJo jf rgfnfO{ ;n ;af]w kfg]{ sfJosf] Ps u0f . ^= s[kf bof cgu|
lgufx . > k|;fbL gf) != b]pb]ptf jf k"Ho JolStnfO{ r9fPsf] jf r9fP afFsL x]sf] kmnk
"mn, ldi6fGg cflb . @= kljq ef]hg g}jB ] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
835

k|;fwsk|:tfj hGdfPsL :qL ;Ts]L . @= af5f] kfPsf] a:tefp AofPsf] kz . k|;l " t gf)
[;+)] != afns hGdfpg] lqmof k|;j ;Ts]f] . @= hGd pTklQ . #= nfnfafnf ;Gtfg ;Gtlt . $
;Ts]L k|;t " f . > k|;l " tsf gf) x]) k|;"tf . ~ sfn gf) ;Ts]L xg] ;do afns hGdg]
;do aRrf kfpg] ;do . ~ u[x gf) ;Ts]Ln] afns hGdfpg] 3 ;Ts]/L a:g] sf]7f] jf 3 k|;j
. ~ Hj gf) ;Ts]L xg] a]nfsf] kL8f Pj+ j]bgfn] cfpg] Hjf] . ~ jfo gf) != ;Ts]L x
] ;dodf uef{zoleq pTkGg xg] jfo . @= ;Ts]L cj:yfdf kfrgk|0ffnLdf afwf k}bf xg
uO{ k]6af6 rNg] jfo . ~ lj1fg gf) aRrfsL cfdf Pj+ aRrfnfO{ sg} lsl;dsf] kL8f g
xg] lsl;dn] k|;j ufpg] snf jf ljBfsf] ljj]rgf ePsf] lj1fg (ufogf]sf]nf]hL) . k|;
"g gf) [;+)] != kmlqmPsf] sf]lknf] k"mn . lj) @= hGd]sf] k}bf ePsf] . k|:6 lj) [;+)
:ki6] != :ki6 68\sfnf] . @= 5f\8 . > k|l:6g c) lqm) k|:6 xg 5n{\lg . k|:6\ofOF
= k|:6 xg] kg :ki6tf . @= :ki6Ls/0f . k|:6fO gf) k|l:6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . k
|:6\ofOg s) lqm) k|:6\ofpg] sfd ul/g k|:6 kfl/g . k|:6fpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) k|:6 k
fg{ vn:Tofpg . k|:6fx6 gf) vn:t kfg]{ sfo{ l:ylt jf lsl;d vn:TofOF . k|:t gf) [
] != k}mlnP x]sf ljljw lsl;dsf 9\uf kTy kfiff0f . @= ;Tg jf a:gsf lglDt cf]5fOg] c
g la5fpgf . #= kmn, kft cflbsf] zof kikzof . $= d}bfg ;dtn e"ld . > k|:t0f gf) !=
f cf]5fg . @= cf;g a:gf}6f] cf;gL . k|:tf gf) [;+)] != Jofks kdf rf}lt k}mnfpg] sf
mFhfpg] lqmof . @= fd|L 9fSg] j:t 9sgf emfkg . #= k"mnkft cflbsf] zof . $= la5fpgf
5fg k|:t . %= d}bfg ;dtn e"ld . ^= 5Gbzf:qcg;f 5Gbsf] e]b, ;\Vof k yfxf kfpg] Ps
. &= jfSosf] no (OG6f]g; ] g) . k|:tfj gf) [;+)] != sg} sfo{ jf p2]Zosf lglDt p
7fOPsf] k|;\u k|:tt ulg] jf ulPsf] sf] jf rrf{ ;emfp . @= sg} sfo{sf] cfDe jf ;D
gsf lglDt k|:tt ulPsf] ljrf . #= sg} of]hgf, sfo{k0 | ffnL cflbsf ;DaGwdf ;ef, ;
dfh, ;ldlt cflbdf :jLs[ltsf lglDt flvPsf] ljrf . $=sg} u|Gy, rgf cflbsf] e"ldsf k|:
tfjgf . > k|:tfjs lj)gf) != sg} sfo{of]hgf, p2]Zo cflbsf lglDt ;ef, ;dfh cflbdf :
jLs[ltsf lglDt k|:tfj pkl:yt ug]{ (JolSt) k|:tf]tf . k|:tfjg gf) k|:tfjvfO k|:tfjsf]
k|:tlt .

#= cfb0fLo JolStsf] h7f]kf] . k|;fws lj) [;+)] != f]ug, k"mndfnf, nufsk8f cflb l
;fdu|Lff l;Fufk6f ug]{ ;hfpg] l;Fufg]{ . @= sg} sfd kl>dsf ;fy ;DkGg ug]{ bis sf
g]{ . gf) #= :jfdL jf fhfnfO{ j:q, cfe"if0f cflb klxfOlbg] JolSt kf];fs] . k|;fwg gf
) [;+)] != fd|f] xg] jf kfg]{ p2]Zon] ulg] z[\ufk6f ;hfj6 z[\uf . @= sfo{l;l4 ug]
kfbg k|ltkfbg kmQ] tfd]nL . #= skfnsf]fO s]zljGof; . $= l;Fufk6f Pj+ ;fh;Hhfsf lglDt
oSt j:t z[\ufsf ;fdu|L z[uf;fwg . > k|;fwgL gf) s]zk|;fwgsf] ;fwg sf\luof] klik
;flwsf gf) csf{sf] k|;fwgsf] sfd ug]{ :qL l;Fufk6fsf] sfd uL hLljsf]kfh{g ug]{ :qL .
k|;flwt lj) != l;Fufk6f u] ;lh;hfp ulPsf] cn\s[t l;FuflPsf] ;hfOPsf] . @= k"f u
k|;f gf) [;+)] != rf}lt k}mlng] jf k}mnfpg] sfd lj:tf k}mnfj6 . @= rf}lt 5lg] lq
#= ]l8of], lj1fkg, ;"rgf cflbff ;a}lt kofpg] jf lkmFhfpg] sfo{ . $= sg} sfsf] Jof
s k|rf Pj+ rrf{ . > k|;fs lj) k|;f ug]{ rf}lt k}mnfpg] jf lkmFhfpg] k;ff] kfg]{ t
olSt) . k|;f0f gf) != Jofks kdf k}mnfpg] jf lkmFhfpg] sfd k|rfk|;f ug]{ lqmof . @= ;d
rf jf ;Gb]znfO{ sg} cfsfzjf0fL, ]l8of] cflb sg} ;fwgff st} k7fpg] sfo{ . k|;fl0fL l
) Jofks kdf k|;f ug]{ rf}lt k}mnfpg] sfo{ ug]{ (:qL) . k|;flt lj) k|;f ulPsf] rf
f] . k|;fL lj) != k|;f ug]{ rf}lt k}mnfpg] . @= lgSng] pS;g] . k|;fo{ lj) k|;f ug{
f}lt k}mnfpg nfos . k|l;4 lj) [;+)] != c;n jf vfa u0fdfk{mt ;a}h;f]n] yfxf kfPsf] ;a
}nfO{ 1fg ePsf] jf ;a}n] hfg]sf] sxlnPsf] ljVoft k|Voft . @= l;Fufk6f ulPsf] ;fh;Hhf
sf] cn\s[t . #= gfpF rn]sf] gfdb . $= ;j{kllrt . ~ ;]jfkbs gf) bO{ jif{ cljlR5Gg ;]
jf ug]{ zfxL kfZj{jtLnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@# ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . > k|l;l4
gf) fd|f] sfd u]afkt jf fd|f] u0f ePsf] cfwfdf rn]sf] s;}sf] fd|f] gfd sLlt{ Voflt
oz gfdbkg . k|;K  t lj) [;+)] != d:t;Fu lgbfPsf] ;t]sf] uf9f lgb|fdf k]sf] . @= s
g} sfo{ jf ljifok|lt lgliqmo x]sf] r]i6flxt ePsf] lgliqmo lgZr]i6 . > k|;l  Kt gf) !
uf9f lgb|f d:t ;tfO . @= lgliqmotf lgZr]i6tf . k|;"t lj) [;+)] != hGd lbOPsf] hGdf
pg] sfd ulPsf] . @= hGd]sf] k}bf ePsf] pTkGg . > k|;t " f gf) != afns

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|:ttk|xL k|:tfjgf != sg} sfo{, of]hgf, p2]Zo cflb k"f ug]{ ;DaGwsf] cfDe . @= sg}
k:ts jf u|Gysf] e"ldsf pkf]b\3ft k|fSsyg . #= gf6sdf dVo syfsf] clego xgeGbf
klxn] ;"qwf g6Lsf] syf]ksygdfk{m { t jf cGo sg} pkfon] gf6saf/] ;\lIfKt jf ;"Id kd
f k|sfz kfl/g], gf6ssf] Ps cj:yfljz]if . k|:tfljt lj) != k|:tfjsf kdf cfPsf] k|:tt
ulPsf] of]hgf ulPsf] . @= ;? ulPsf] cfDe ulPsf] . #= elgPsf] j0f{g ulPsf] . k|:t
;+)] != sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf lglDt tof x]sf] pBt . @= sg} ljrf, ljdz{, :jLs[lt jf sfds
f lglDt k]; ulPsf] k|:tfljt . #= sg} JolSt, j:t jf ljifonfO{ pkl:yt ulPsf] xflh ufO
sf] . $= tof kflPsf] l7Ss kflPsf] ll6Ss . %= elgPsf] slyt pSt . ^= :tlt ulPsf] k
lPsf] k|zl+ ;t . &= rrf{ p7fOPsf] jf rnfOPsf] k|f;\lus ;fGble{s . *= ;? ulPsf] yfln
] cfAw . > k|:ttf\s  gf) Pp6f k|:tt ljifodf ulPsf] sf] csf]{ k|:tt j:t jf lji
f 36\tf xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . k|:tlt gf) [;+)] != ;efdf sg} k|:tfj k]; ug]{ sfd sg}
k|:tfj j0f{gsf ;fydf ;efdf k]; ug]{ lqmof . @= k|z; + f u0fufg :tlt . stf{ lj) !=
k|:tlt ug]{ . @= k|z; + f ug]{ . > k|:ttLs0f gf) != sg} k|:tfjnfO{ JolQm, ;dfh
, ;ef, ;ldlt cflbsf ;dIf k|:tt ug]{ sfo{ . @= sg} j:t jf ljifo fd|L tof u] k|efjsf
9\uaf6 hg;dIf Nofpg] sfd pkl:ytufO . #= sg} n]v, rgf, k|jrg cflbnfO{ k|efjk"0f{ tls
fn] hg;dIf k]; ug]{ sfd k];ufO bflvnf . k|:tf]tf gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf j:tnfO{
k|efjsfL 9\uaf6 hg;dIf k|:tt ug]{ JolSt k|:tltstf{ . @= k|z+;f ug]{ JolSt k|z+;s
. #= ;fdj]bsf ufos . k|:y gf) [;+)] != Ps k|sfsf] eg]{ ;fwg kfyL . @= a:tL :yn (h:tf
] OGb|k: | y) . #= a;fO cf>d (h:tf] jfgk|:y) . k|:yfg gf) [;+)] != Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7
fpFdf hfg] lqmof udg ofqf . @= 7Ls dxt " d { f cfk"m k|:yfg ug{ g;Sg] sf0f k]df hg}
, ;kfL, j:q cflb k ;fg]{ sfd kfOtf];fO . #= o4sf lglDt ofqfsf] cfDe . k|:yfks lj) [
+)] != s;}nfO{ jf s]xL sfnfO{ st}lt k7fpg] . @= fd|L :yfkgf ug]{ jf olStk"j{s fVg]
. k|:yfkgk|:yfkgf gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf JolStnfO{ k7fpg] sfo{ . @= :yfkgf jf o
lStk"j{ssf] vfO . #= sg} kb, dt, JolSt, j:t cflbsf] :yfloTjk|flKt . $= :yflkt x
g] lqmofk|lqmof . %= sfo{l;l4 l;l4 . ^= ;sfsf] ljwflosf c\udf hgk|ltlglw;dIf ljw]os
sf] k|:ttLs0f . k|:yflkt lj) [;+)] != k7fOPsf] k|l] ift ulPsf] . @= :yfkgf
836

ulPsf] jf olStk"js { fVg] sfd ulPsf] . #= ;+;b\, fli6o ;ef cflb em}F ljwfos :yndf hg
k|ltlglwsf ;fdGg] k|:tfjsf kdf cu|; ulPsf] . $= k|:tt ulPsf] k]; ulPsf] . k|:yfoL
[;+)] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfg] k|:yfg ug]{ . k|l:yt lj) [;+)] != Ps 7fpFaf6 c
sf{ 7fpFdf uPsf] k|:yfg u]sf] . @= k|:yfgsf lglDt tof ePsf] . #= ljz]if kn] x]sf] b[9
eP/ x]sf] . > k|l:ylt gf) != k|:yfg ofqf udg . @= j:tsf] ljz]if l:ylt . k|:km6 lj)
[;+)] != k"mn cflb kmn]sf] jf kmlqmPsf] k|kmNn ljsl;t . @= lg:s]sf] jf k|s6 ePsf
] k|sl6t :ki6 . #= la?jf cflb pld|Psf] . $= dgsf qmf]w, xif{ cflbsf] pbo ePsf] . g
f) %= k|:km6g . > k|:km6g gf) != k"mn cflb kmNg] jf kmlqmg] lqmof ljsf; . @= lg
:sg] jf k|s6 xg] lqmof k|s6 . k|:km0f gf) [;+)] != lg:sfO lgSnfO . @= kmnfO kmqmfO
. #= kmkmfO kmfO . $= rDsfO . %= sFkfO sDkg k|sDkg . k|:kmlt lj) [;+)] k|:km0f
. k|:kmf]6k|:kmf]6g gf) [;+)] != sg} lj:kmf]6s kbfy{sf] km6fO jf k8\sfO . @= k"m
n cflbsf] kmnfO jf kmqmfO . #= lg:sfO jf lgSnfO . $= rDsfO jf k|sfzg . %= lgkmg
fO 5F6fO . k|;j | k|;j | 0fk|;f | j gf) [;+)] != lgGtsf] rxfO jf ;fO tKsf] . @= lg
xfO jf aufO k|jfx wff . #= sg} tn kbfy{sf] a]lunf] aufO jf rxfO . $= wff] . %= emgf
{ 5fFuf] 5xf] . ^= jfT;No jf b"wsf] clwstfn] :tgaf6 rlxxg] b"wsf] l;sf]{ . &= d"q lk
;fa . *= zLsf leq xg] ljleGg u|lGyxaf6 lg:sg] l;nf] kbfy{ xd{g (c\)) . k|;t | lj)
] != k|;j | sf kdf cfPsf] rxs ] f] ;fPsf] 6lKsPsf] . @= em]sf] au]sf] . k|:j]b gf)
] != ttL rx]sf] jf lg:s]sf] kl;gf . @= :j]b kl;gf . > k|:j]bg gf) kl;gf tt{L rxg 
] jf lg:sg] lqmof Pj+ k|lqmof k|:j]bsf] emfO jf lg:sfO . k|:j]lbt lj) tttL kl;gf rx]
sf] jf lg:s]sf] . k|:j]bL lj) kl;gfn] t ePsf] ttL kl;gf rx]sf] jf lg:s]sf] . k|x gf
;+)] != lbgftsf cf7 efusf] Ps efu cxf]fqsf] cf7f}F efu tLg 306fsf] ;do . @= kx ofd .
k|xs gf) kxfbf kfn] . k|xL gf) [;+)] != b]zleq czflGt cJoj:yf xg glbg To:tf] e
Gt;Joj:yf sfod ug{sf lglDt Joj:yf ulPsf] ;sfL ljefusf] sd{rfL kln; . @= pSt ljefu .
#= pSt ljefucGtu{tsf] tNnf] txsf] l;kfxL . $= Ps Ps kxdf ablng] kfn] . %= kx]bf kfn]
. ~ sd{rfL

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
837

k|xif{k|fs\ cflb) . stf{ lj) != k|xf ug]{ jf dfg]{ sfd ug]{ . gf) @= xfgdf ug]{ JolS
t . > k|xfL lj) != k|xf ug]{ xfgdfsf] sfd ug]{ k|xfs . @= cfqmd0fsfL . #= of]4f n8
k|xfo{ lj) != xltof cflbn] k|xf ug{ of]Uo dfg{ nfos . @= x0f ug{ of]Uo ckx0f ug{ nf
. k|xf; gf) [;+)] != lvTsf 5f8] xfFl;Psf] xfF;f] lvtlvtL . @= pkxf; x]nfF . #= lgGbf
lt:sf . > k|xf;s lj) Hofb} xF;fpg] lvTsf 5f]8L5f]8L xfF:gkg]{ l:ylt pTkGg ug]{ . k|
xf;L lj) != xfF:bf lvTsf 5f]8\g] jf k|xf; ug]{ . @= 7f ug]{ Vofn ug]{ . gf) #= gf6s
df xfF;f] pTkGg ug]{ kfq ljb"ifs . $= k;{] 9F6jf] . k|xt [ lj) [;+)] != s;}dfly x
ltof cflbn] xflgPsf] cfxt . @= xltof cflb ofFs] xflgPsf] xltof cflb xftaf6 5f]8] xf
] . k|x[i6 lj) [;+)] clt k|;Gg Hofb} k|km  Nn k|dl bt dfPsf] v;L ePsf] (lrQ) . k|x
] nsf gf) [;+)] kx]nL c8\sf] . k|Xnfb gf) [;+)] != b}To eP klg cflbTosf] j}i0fj wd{
dfGg], lx0oslzksf] sfG5f] 5f]f] . @= 7"nf] cfgGb jf k|;Ggtf . #= k|df]b xif{ v;L
. > k|Xnfbg gf) != v;L kfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof k|;Gg tNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof xiff
]N { nf; ufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lj) @= dgnfO{ k|km  lNnt ufpg] v;L lbnfpg] cfglG
bt kfg]{ xlif{t ufpg] . k|Xnflbt lj) k|;Gg tNofOPsf] v;L ufOPsf] xlif{t tNofOPsf]
glGbt ufOPsf] . k|fOe]6 lj) [c\)] ;sfL ljefu jf sg} ;d"x cyjf ;+:yf;Fu ;DalGwt gx]sf
lghL JolQmut lelqof . ~ sDkgL gf) sg} ;sfL jf cw{;sfL ;\3 Pj+ ;+:yf;Fu ;DaGw gx]s
jf JolStut pBd :jsLo sff]af;DaGwL :yfkgf . ~ kmd{ gf) ;sf jf sg} ;\3;+:yf;Fu ;Dal
eO{ JolSt jf JolSt;d"x;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] pBf]uzfnf lghL pBf]uzfnf . ~ ;]qm]6L gf) lghL ;
lrj kL) P) . k|fOdldlg:6 gf) [c\)] dlGqd08n jf dlGqklifb\sf] k|dv  k|wfgdGqL . > k|
Od ldlg:6L gf) k|wfgdlGqTj . k|fOd gf) [c\)] != sg} kf7j:t jf ljifosf] k|fDe ug{ s
nflu n] l vPsf] k : ts . @= k| f ylds txsf] kf7k:ts . k|fOdL lj) [c\)] != k|flDes
|fylds ;?sf] . gf) @= k|fylds kf7zfnf . ~ :sn gf) k|fylds kf7zfnf k|fylds ljBfno
. k|fs\ lj) [;+)] != ;a}eGbf klxn]sf] ;a}eGbf cufl8sf] (k"jk { bsf kdf ;df;df dfq k
|of]u xg] zAb, h:t}

gf) k|xL P]gcGtu{t k|xLdf lgoSt ePsf] jf blPsf] hjfg . ~ rf}sL gf) zflGt;Iffsf lglD
cfjZos k]sf 7fpFdf flvPsf] k|xLx xg] c8\8f . ~ bL3{;j ] fk gf) kRrL; jif{;Dd cljl5G
] k|xL;]jfdf sfd ug]{ k|xL hjfgnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@@ ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ~
gfoa dxflgLIfs gf) k|xLdxflgLIfskl5sf] kb jf bhf{ ~ lgLIfs gf) k|xLtkm{sf] OG:k]S6
qmd kbs gf) k|xL;]jfdf x] kfqmdk"0f{ Pj+ k|z; + gLo sfd ug]{ k|xL hjfgnfO{ k|bfg ug]
2]Zon] @)@@ ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ~ k|ltj]bg gf) sg} czflGt, cJoj:yf, sf6df, n6l
k6 cflbsf] fd|f] 5fglag uL ;DalGwt ljefudf k|xLn] lbg] k|ltj]bg . ~ kmf]; { gf) b]zd
f cfGbf]ng, czflGt, cJoj:yf, n6lk6, rf]L8s}tL cflb ePdf zflGt;Iff ug{ufpgsf lglDt
;sfff u7g ulPsf] jf zlSt k|bfg ulPsf] k|xLxsf] bn (kl[ n;kmf];{) . ~ dxflgLIfs g
{sf k|dv xflsd (cfO{) hL) kL)) . ~ Tg gf) ;fx;L k|x/LnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@@
;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . ~ ljefu gf) != k|xLxsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg], u[xdGqfnosf cwLgdf x]
sf] Ps ljefu . @= k|xL;]jfcGtu{tsf] sg} klg txsf] ljefu . ~ ;]jf gf) k|xLsf] hflu .
~ ;]jf kbs gf) k|xL;]jfdf cljl5Gg kn] afx| jif{;Dd ;]jf ug]{ k|xLnfO{ ug]{ p2]Zon] @
)@# ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . k|xif{ gf) [;+)] dgf]sfdgf k"f eP jf c To:t} vl;ofnLsf sf0
fn] ubf{ dgdf ePsf] 7"nf] xif{ cTolws k|;Ggtf xflb{s k|km  Nntf . > k|xif{0f gf) !
= dgdf ePsf] 7"nf] xif{ cTolws k|;Gg xg] lqmof Pj+ k|lqmof xflb{s k|kmNntf . @=
xif{af6 pTkGg ePsf] f]df~r . #= OR5f k"lt{ xFbf xg] xiff]{Nnf;sf] l:ylt . $= k|
oTg guLsg ceLi6 l;l4 ePsf] j0f{g ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . k|xlif{0fL gf) eu0f, gu0f,
hu0f, u0f tyf Ps u? ePsf] clthutL 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . k|xlif{t lj) != cToGt xlif{t clt
k|;Gg . @= cToGt f]dfl~rt Hofb} knlst . k|x;g gf) [;+)] != Hofb} 7"nf] xfF;f] ub\ub
:jn] xfFl;Psf] xfF;f] jf To;L xfFl;g] lqmofk|lqmof . @= 7f lbNnuL Vofn . #= xf:o; k|
fg ePsf] kssf] Ps e]b . k|xl;t lj) [;+)] != v"al;t xfF;s ] f] Hofb} xfF;s ] f] . @=
xfF;f] ulPsf] klxf; ulPsf] . #= 7f ulPsf] lbNnuL ulPsf] Vofn ulPsf] . k|xf gf)
xltof cflbsf] xgfO, lxsf{O jf tf8g z:qflbsf] cf3ft . @= dfg]{ sfd xTof jw . > k|xfs l
) != nL, xltof cflbn] xfGg] k|xf ug]{ dfg]{ (JolSt) . gf) @= To:tf] k|xf ug]{ ;fwg (n
xltof

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|fsf/k|frLg k|fSsyg, k|fSsNkgf, k|f\dv, k|fu}ltxfl;s O)) . @= clulNtsf] ;fdGg]sf]

. #= k"j{sf] k"jL{o . k|fsf gf) [;+)] != ;x jf lsNnf cflbsf] ;Iffsf lglDt rf}lt nu
sf] cUnf] kvf{n k|frL . k|fs[t lj) [;+)] != k|s[lt;DaGwL k|s[ltsf] k|fs[lts . @= ;+:s
f gulPsf] jf gePsf] c;+:s[t sf]f . #= cs[lqd ;xh :jfefljs ;xh;fWo . $= ;fdfGo ;fwf
s . gf) %= ;+:s[t efiffsf] k|rngk5fl8 hg;fwf0fn] nf]sefiffsf kdf af]Ng] u]sf] efiff
. ^= ;+:s[t efiffsf] k|rngeGbf cufl8 j}lbs sfnlt nf]sefiffsf kdf rn]sf] efiff sYo;
+:s[t (;+:s[tsf] k|rngkl5 k|rngdf cfPsf k|fs[t efiffsf dVo e]bx ;ft 5g\dfuwL, cfj
GtL, k|fRo, zf};]gL, c4{dfuwL, jflXns bflIf0ffTo) . ~ kf]vf gf) != 8fF8}8fF8f, gbLg
fnf, jgau}Frf cflb k|s[ltn] dfOnf] x]sf] tfn . @= u08sL c~rnsf], sf:sL lhNnf jf kl
Zrdf~rn If]qsf] ;b dsfd kf]vfnfO{ lbOPsf] Ps ;+1f . #= ;f]xL gfdsf] Pp6f sfJo . k
|fs[lts lj) [;+)] != k|s[lt;DaGwL k|s[ltsf] . @= ;xh :jfefljs g};lu{s cs[lqd . #= k|s
[ltaf6 pTkGg . $= ef}lts ;f+;fls . ~ lrlsT;f gf) k|fs[lts ;fwg, s;t, Jofofd cflbaf6
ulg] pkrf jf ljlw . ~ rgfp gf) 8fla{gsf] ljsf;jfbcg;f k|f0fLn] cl:tTjsf nflu vf; k
|sfsf] k|fs[lts jftfj0f f]Hg] sfo{ Ps hfltaf6 leGg k|hfltsf] ljsf; xg] Ps sf0f . ~ l
jsf; gf) != k|sl[ t;Fu ;DalGwt ljleGg ;Dkbfsf] j[l4 jf lj:tf ulg] jf xg] lqmof . @
= 8fla{gsf cg;f k|fs[lts rgfpn] ubf{ k|f0fLdf cfpg] k|hftLo kljt{g . ~ lj1fg gf)
!= k|sl[ t;Fu ;DalGwt sf jf k|s[ltsf ljleGg tYo Pj+ ;Dkbfsf] klro tyf ljZn]if0f u
g]{ zf:q . @= ljz4 lj1fg (ef}ltsL, ;fogzf:q, hLjzf:q, vuf]nzf:q cflb) . ~ ;Gtng
gf) hLjhGt jg:kltsf aLr ;a}sf] ;xcl:tTjsf nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|fs[lts ;|f]t ;fwgs
f] ;dlrt pkef]usf] cj:yf . k|fSsyg gf) [;+)] sg} k:ts jf u|Gysf cfDedf n]lvg] e
"ldsf k|:tfjgf pkf]b3 \ ft n]vsLo . k|fSsd{ gf) [;+)] != sg} klg sfo{, dxfsfo{ cflb
sf yfngLdf ulg] sd{ . @= laxfg} ulg] lgTosd{ . #= k"jh { Gddf ulPsf] sfo{ . k|fSsng
gf) [;+)] != kl5 xg] ;Defljt vr{ jf nfutsf] klxn] g} ulg] cgdfg jf c8\sn . @= c
foJoosf] k|fk . k|fSsNkgf gf) [;+)] sg} vf;vf; tYoxsf] ;\sngff k|fKt xg] ;Totfsf] k
ltkfbgsf lglDt cfDed} ulg] kl0ffdsf] cgdfg cgsNkgf zf]wsf] ;}4flGts cfwf .
838

xfOkf]yl] ;; (c\)) . { fn . @= k|frLg k|fSsfn gf) [;+)] != w]} klxn]sf] ;do k"js ;do
. #= ;Eotfsf] hGd xgeGbf klxn]sf] ;do kftgsfn . $=k|fu}ltxfl;s ;do . > k|fSsfl
ns lj) w]} jif{clusf] klxn] ePsf] k|frLg kfgf] k|fSsfnLg . k|fSsfnLg lj) k|fSsflns
flS6; gf) [c\)] != sg} ljifodf ulg] cEof; k|of]u kmt . @= 8fS6n] l8u|L xfl;n ull;4
ulg] k|fof]lus pkrf . #= jlsn cflbn] Goflos 5nkmn cflbdf jfbL k|ltjfbLsf] kIf lnP c
bfntdf ax; cflbdf efu lng] k];f . k|fStg lj) [;+)] !=klxn]sf] plxn] cflbd k|frLg . @
= kfgf] ;dosf] kfgf] . k|fu}ltxfl;s lj) [;+)] Oltxf;df j0f{g ulPsf] ;doeGbf klxn]sf
] Oltxf; n]lvgeGbf klxn]sf] qmda4 Oltxf;eGbf k"js { fnsf] . k|fUeflifs lj) [;+)] e
fiffsf] pTklQ xge  Gbf cl3sf] efiffsf] hGd gxFb}sf] efiffsf] pb\udeGbf klxn]sf]
. k|f\u0f gf) [;+)] != cfFug . @= ;fgf] vfnsf] 9f]n jf 9f]nsL . k|f\uf gf) [;+)] !=
kTy sf]Onf, xLf cflb cFufwdL{ j:t sfa{g . @= kftklt\usf] ;8]sf] k . ~ ou gf) k|f
[li6 ePsf] ou cfheGbf tL; sf]8 jif{klxn] rn]sf] ou . k|f\ufls lj) [;+)] != k|f\uf;
wL . @= k|f\uf eO;s]kl5sf] . ~ dn gf) != kftklt\u vf8ndf sxfP ufpF3d} tof ulPsf]
n . @= dnsf kdf k|of]u ulPsf] k|f\uf . k|f\Gofo gf) [;+)] sg} jfbLk|ltjfbLsf aLrdf k
f dbb \ fsf] lg0f{o eO;s]kl5 ;f]xL cbfntdf ltg} jfbLk|ltjfbLsf aLrdf kgM gofF
db\bf kg{ uPdf cbfntn] lbPsf] klxnf] lg0f{o . k|frfo{ gf) [;+)] dxfljBfno, ljZjl
jBfno cflbsf k|wfg k|fWofks sn]hsf k|zf;s k|dv  k|fWofks lk|lG;kn . k|frL gf) [;+)]
k"j{ lbzf k"j{ . k|frLg lj) [;+)] != w]} lbg klxn]sf] k"jL{o kf}:To . @= w]} kfgf
. #= w]} klxn]sf] ;dodf ag]sf], ePsf] jf x]sf] . ~ cfo{ zfvf gf) != eff]k]nL eflifs
kljfaf6 5lP cfo{OfgL zfvfdf ljeSt eO;s]kl5 cfo{ OfgL pkzfvfxdWo] cfo{sf] klxnf]
. @= eftjif{df k|j]z ug]{ cfo{xsf] klxnf] ;d"x afXo cfo{ . tf gf) k|frLg xgfsf] ef
j, u0f jf cj:yf kfgf]kg kftgtf . ~ :dfs gf) != P]ltxfl;s, kftfljs jf snfTds dx
fno, ejg, ;flns, d"lt{, lrq, ukmf, 9\uf, wft, sf7, xl:txf8

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
839

k|frL/k|f0f d2fdfly GofocGofosf] ljrf uL pSt d2f l5Ggsf lglDt ;sfsf tkm{af6 lgoSt
ulPsf] JolSt jf ljrfklt GofofwLz . k|f0f gf) [;+)] != zLleq x]sf] hLjgsf] cfwfe"t j
] k~rk|f0fjfo (k|f0f, ckfg, Jofg, ;dfg pbfg) . @= xfjf jfo . #= ;f; Zjf; kf}g . $
= Hofg hLjg . %= hLj cfTdf . ^= zlSt ;fdYo{ . &= ka|Xd . *=Hofb} lk|o jf cfTdLo JolS
t . ~ si6 gf) k|f0f hfg] jf dg]{ a]nfdf xg] si6 d0fsfnsf] oftgf jf j]bgf . ~ 3ft gf
) hLjxTof Hofgx0f . ~ 3fts lj) k|f0f lng] Hofgdff . ~ Tofu gf) k|f0f 5f8\g] sfd dg]{
mof d[To . b gf) != kfgL . @= /ut /St ?lw/ . lj) #= k|f0f lbg] k|f0f flvlbg] . ~ b0
gf) 7"n7"nf kmf}hbfL ckfwL Pj+ fhb|f]xL, b]zb|f]xL ckfwLxnfO{ lbOg] Hofgsf] ;hfo d[To
b08 Hofg;hfo . ~ bftf lj) s;}sf] Hofg arfOlbg] d[To"Gdv l:yltaf6 hf]ufOlbg] k|f0f l
bg] hLjgbfg lbg] . ~ bfg gf) d[Toaf6 arfpg] sfd Hofg hf]ufpg] lqmof hLjgbfg . ~ wg g
f) != k|f0f;dfg lk|o tyf cfTdLo x]sf] j:t jf JolSt . @= cToGt Koff] JolSt . ~ wf0f
gf) != k|f0f wf0f ug]{ lqmof hLjglgjf{x . @= hLjgzlSt . #= afFRg] lqmof . $= ;gftg
L ljZjf;cg;f, d]sf JolStn] l9sf] p7]sf lbgb]lv k|]tof]lg Tofu uL sg} k|f0fLsf] cs
f]{ hgLdf k|j]z ug]{ lqmof . ~ wfL gf) k|f0fwf0f ug]{ jf hfoh, c08h, :j]bh Pj+ pb\
leb\h cflb hLjwf0f ug]{ k|f0fL jg:kltnufot k|f0fwfL sg} klg ;[li6 hLj k|f0fL . gfy
) != k|f0fsf gfy nf]Ug] kf]O klt . @= k|d ] L lk|otd . #= odfh wd{fh . ~ kv]? gf) !
0fkL kIfL k|f0f g} kIfL . @= cfTdf hLjtj . k|0f gf) Hofg xTs]nfdf fv] sfd ulg] k|
f0fsf] afhL Hofgsf] afhL . ~ KofL lj) != k|f0fh:t} KofL Hofb} cfTdLof ulxf] dfof a;]
. gf) @= :jf:gL kTgL . ~ Koff] lj) != k|f0fh:t} Koff] Hofb} cfTdLo Hofb} dfofn . gf)
@= k|f0fwg nf]Ug] klt . ~ k|lti7f gf) != sg} gofF b]jk|ltdfsf] :yfkgf uL k"hf ug{e
Gbf klxn] dGqff To;df b]jtfsf] cfjfxg ug]{ lqmof d"lt{df b]jtfnfO{ cfjfxg u/L ljlwj
t\ :yflkt ug]{ sfd . @= tGqdGqf/f d[tssf] b]xdf ePsf] dflgg], k|f0fsf] kgMk|j]z
. ~ lk|o lj) != k|f0f;dfg Koff] Hofb} Koff] lk|otd . gf) @= nf]Ug] klt >Ldfg\ . ~ lk
lj) != Hofb} KofL k|f0feGbf klg KofL k|f0fhlQs} KofL . gf) @= :jf:gL kTgL . ~ jfo g
zLleq x]sf] hLjgsf] cfwfe"t jfo hLjgfwf jfo . ~ ;\s6 gf) Hofgdfly cfOk]sf] vtf
lsl;dsf] 8 7"nf] ;\s6 . xfL lj) != k|f0f lng] k|f0f x0f ug]{ . gf) @= k|f0f3fts

cflb tyf tfd|kq, lznfkq, sgskq, htkq, ef]hkq, tf8kq cflb j:t o:tf j:tx x]sf] 7fpF
F . @= snfTds kfgf j:t jf ;fdu|L . ~ :dfs ;+If0f P]g gf) kftfljs j:txsf] ;+If0f
;+j4{g ug{ ltgnfO{ lgoldt ugf{sf lglDt tTsfnLg ;sfn] @)!# ;fndf tof u]sf] P]g . k|fr
L/ gf) [;+)] ;x, lsNnf cflb :ynsf] ;Iffsf lglDt rf}tkm{ agfOPsf] cUnf] kvf{n k|fsf .
k|fro { gf) [;+)] k|r  xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf k|r  tf . { f] k"j; { DaGwL k"jl{ t
jf k|fRo lj) [;+)] != k"js ePsf] k"jL{o kan {] L . @= klxn]sf] kfgf] kftg . #= ;
Gg]sf] cluNnf] . gf) $= ;+:s[t efiffsf] ;a}eGbf k"j{df af]lng] sYok dfuwL cflb k"j
L{o k|fs[t efiffxsf] k"j{k . ~ ;+:s[t gf) k|fRo (efiff) . k|fhfkTo lj) [;+)] != k|hf
klt;DaGwL k|hfkltsf] . @= k|hfkltff pTkGg . gf) @= afx| lbgdf ;DkGg xg] Ps j|t . #
= wd{zf:qcg;f cf7 k|sfsf ljjfxdWo] Ps . $= k|hfkltsf] kb, clwsf jf clwsfIf]q . ~ lj
jfx gf) afa jf cleefjsn] sGofbfg uL zf:qf]St ljlwn] ullbg] ljjfx cf7 k|sfsf ljjfxdWo
] Ps a|fXd0fljjfx . x:t gf) kRrL; c\unafasf] gfk . k|f1 lj) [;+)] != k|v jf klkS
ePsf] al4dfg\ . @= cToGt ;Lk ePsf] Hofb} l;kfn bIf . #= cWoogff k|z:t 1fg cfh{g u]s
] (JolSt) ljlzi6 ljfg\ kl08t lj1 . gf) $= g]kfn k|1fk|lti7fgsf ;b:o . Tj gf) != k|f1
xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljQf kfl08To . @= sf}zn rfto{ . #= al4dQf . ~ klifb\ gf) != k|
1 JolSt jf ljlzi6 ljfg\xsf] ;d"x jf d08nL . @= k|1fk|lti7fgsf] sfo{sfl0fL klifb\ . d
Go lj) cfk"mnfO{ ljfg\ jf w]} al4dfg\ 7fGg] . ;ef gf) != ljfg\xsf] ;ef . @= g]kfn
fk|lti7fgsf] ;ef . k|fl1s lj) [;+)] != k|f1;DaGwL sf}zn jf bIftfoSt . @= k|f1ff ;Dk
Gg xg] jf ulg] . ~ klifb\ gf) ljZjljBfnosf] lzIf0fk|lzIf0f cflbsf lqmofsnfk;Fu ;Dal
Gwt ljlgod lgdf{0f ug]{ pRr:tLo k|fl1s ;ldlt . k|f1L gf) [;+)] ljlzi6 k|ltef Pj+ l
jQf ePsL :qL cToGt bIf al4 ePsL cfOdfO{ ljbifL . k|f~hn lj) [;+)] != klis[t z4 . @
gd| ljgd| xft hf]8]sf] eb| . k|f~hlnk|f~hnL lj) [;+)] != bO{ xftsf b;} cf}n F f hf]
8s ] f] c~hln afFw]sf] a4f~hln . gf) @= cFhnL bO{ xftsf] vf]rf] c~hln . k|f8\ljjfs
gf) [;+)] != GofofwLz Gofostf{ . @= sg} ljz]if

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|f0ffwfk|flwsf/ tj ljif . k|f0ffwf gf) [;+)] != k|f0f c8\g] jf l6Sg] cfwf hLjgsf]
f cjnDa . @= k|f0fsf cfwfe"t lk|otd klt . k|f0ffGt gf) [;+)] != k|f0fsf] xg nfu]sf
] cGTo jf gfz d[To d0f . @= 7"nf] ;\s6 jf si6 k|f0f;\s6 . lj) #= d0ffGt dnf{Gt . >
ffGts lj) != k|f0fsf] cGTo ug]{ k|f0f x0f ug]{ Hofg lng] . gf) @= odfh . k|f0ffofd gf
[;+)] Zjf;k|Zjf;sf ultnfO{ lgoldt kfg]{ lqmof of]usf cf7 c\uxdWo] Ps . > k|f0ffofd
L lj) Zjf;k|Zjf;nfO{ lgoldt fVg] k|f0ffofd ug]{ . k|f0fL lj) [;+)] != k|f0f ePsf] k|f
0foSt ;f; ePsf] . gf) @= hLjhGt hLjwfL zL . #= dgio . ~ e"uf]n gf) ljleGg :yfgsf h
jhGtsf] cWoog ug]{ e"uf]n . ~ lj1fg gf) ljleGg hLjhGtsf] klro Pj+ j}1flgs ljZn]i
f0f ulPsf] zf:q hLjlj1fg . ~ zf:q gf) ljleGg hLjhGtsf ;DaGwdf ljZn]if0ffTds klro lb
g] zf:q k|f0fLlj1fg . k|f0f]Zj gf) [;+)] != k|f0fkL b]jtf klt :jfdL . @= kd lk|o Jol
k|otd k|d ] L . #= z}lyNo jf cGTo cj:yfdf vjfOg] Ps k|sfsf] k|l;4 cfojb {] Lo cf
}ifwL . > k|f0f]ZjL gf) != k|f0fkL b]jL :qL kTgL . @= lk|otdf k|l] dsf . k|f0ff]T;u{
) [;+)] k|f0fTofu d[To . k|ftM gf) [;+)] != laxfgLkvsf] ;do k|ftMsfn . lqm) lj) @=
;a]} ;vf} laxfg} . ~ sd{ gf) k|ftMsfndf ulg] lgTosd{ k|ftMs[To . ~ sfn gf) laxfgsf
k|eft . ~ sflns lj) k|ftMsfn;DaGwL k|ftMsfnsf] . ~ sfnLg lj) k|ftMsfnsf] k|eftsfnLg l
axfgL . s[To gf) k|ftMsfndf ulg] sd{ . ~ ;GWof gf) != laxfg ulg] ;GWof jf hk . @= la
xfgsf] ;do . ~ :gfg gf) laxfg ulg] :gfg . ~ :d0f gf) k|ftMsfndf ulg] b]jtf jf k"Ho Jo
lStsf] :d0f . ~ :d0fLo lj) != k|ftMsfndf ;Demg nfos . @=cfb0fLo dggLo ;DdfGo . k|flt
gfZdou gf) [;+)] cfheGbf krf; nfvb]lv rfnL; nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] ou dfgjou
k|fDe ePsf ;dosf] ou . k|fltklbs gf) [;+)] lqmofb]lv afx]s c gfd, ;j{gfd, ljz]if0f
cflb zAb d"nkbdf csf]{ sg} tj ylkO;s]kl5sf] (gfd, ljz]if0f cflb zAbsf]) cj:yf .
k|fylds lj) [;+)] != ;?sf] yfngLsf] k|yd txsf] lzIff;DaGwL . @= klxn]sf] k|yd . #=
;aeGbf a9L dxjsf] ;aeGbf klxnf] qmddf cfpg] . ~ pBf]u gf) ;?;?df ulg] ;fgf]ltgf] jf
k|flDes pBf]u . ~ pkrf gf) != rf]6k6s nfu]sf] jf 3fOt] sg} JolStnfO{ cf}ifwLpkrf uf
geGbf klxn] tTsfn ulg] dndkL cflb ;fdfGo
840

pkrf k|flDes :tsf] pkrf/ (km:6 P8) k|ydf]krf . @= pSt pkrf;DaGwL cf}ifwL . ~ pkrf a
) k|fylds pkrfsf ;fdu|Lx flvg] afs; . ~ sfn gf) sg} lglZrt ;dosf tLg v08dWo] klxnf]
v08 jf lglZrt ;dosf tLg efudWo] klxnf] efu k|f/lDes sfn . k|fyldstf gf) [;+)] sfo
{, JolSt jf j:tnfO{ k|fKt xg] klxnf] :yfg jf cj; cu|fj; cu|flwsf . ~ ;"rL gf) of]Uo
f, bhf{, u0f cflbsf qmdn] klxnf], bf];f | ,] t];f | ] cflbsf qmdn] flvg] qmd jf
;"rL cfjZostfcg;f qmd}n] flvg] sfo{ jf To;sf] ;"rL . k|fylds ju{ gf) [;+)] jfgfgu0f
, lgzfslk cgu0f, s"rd { s{6 cgu0f, gjfgfgu0f dfgjfgu0f cflb tLh:t} xfFufdf jf;
a:g] cGo :tgkfoL zfvfd[usf] nflu Ps ;fd"lxs ;+1f zfvfd[u . k|fylds ljBfno gf) [;+)
] ;;fgf afnaflnsfxnfO{ cfDedf lzIff lbg] kf7zfnf Ps sIffb]lv kfFr sIff;Ddsf] lzIff
lbOg] tNnf] txsf] ljBfno k|fylds kf7zfnf . k|fbef{j gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf lji
fo k|s6 xg] jf b]vfkg]{ lqmof . @= sg} j:t jf ljifosf] pTklQ jf pb\ej . #= cl
:tTj ePsf] t gb]lvPsf] sf] hg;dIf cfpg] sfd . k|fbet {" lj) [;+)] != ;[li6 ePsf]
k|fbef{j ePsf] k|s6 ePsf] . @= pTkGg ePsf] k}bf ePsf] . k|fb]z gf) [;+)] k}mlnPsf
a"9L cf}n F fsf 6Kkfb]lv rf] cf}n F fsf 6Kkf;Ddsf] gfkf] . k|fb]lzs lj) [;+)] !=
k|bz ] ;DaGwL k|bz ] sf] . @= sg} k|bz ] sf leqL efu;Fu ;DaGw fVg] k|b]zcGtu{tsf]
. #= :yfgLo . $= fhwfgLaflxsf] df]km;nsf] . tf gf) cfg} k|bz ] jf If]qnfO{ dfq ;b[
i6n] x]g]{ lqmof :yfgLo kIfkft If]qLo :jfy{ k|fGtLo efjgf . ~ df};d lj1fg gf) sg} v
f; k|fGt jf efusf] Ctlqmof, xfjfkfgL zLttfkqmdsf] j}1flgs ljZn]if0f d"Nof\sg ug]{
df};dlj1fg . ~ ljsf; gf) sg} ljz]if k|b]z jf If]qsf cfwfdf ulg] ljsf; . ~ ;]gf gf)
sg} k|bz ] jf If]qljz]ifdf :yfgLo zflGt;Iffsf lglDt flvPsf jf xg] ;]gf . > k|fb]
lzsLs0f gf) sg} If]q, k[YjL, dxfb]z jf dnsnfO{ k|b]zdf ljefhg ug]{ k|lqmof . 
:yfg k|fwfGo gf) [;+)] sg} j:t jf ljifonfO{ lbOg] k|dv ;aeGbf a9L dxj lbg] sfo{ k|
fyldstf k"jf{lwsf . k|flws0f gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ sg} sfo{ ug{ cfb]z cflb lbgsf lgl
Dt k|bfg ulg] clwsf . @= (c\)) skf]{]zg (h:t} ljBt\ k|flws0f) . k|flwsf gf) [;+)]
}nfO{ lhDd]bfLk"j{s sfo{ ug{, cfb]z cflb lbgsf lglDt k|bfg ulPsf] jf ;f] sfdsf lgl
Dt k|fKt u]sf] clwsf . @= sg} clwsfLnfO{ cfgf

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
841

k|flws[tk|fof]lus k|fKtf\s gf) [;+)] kLIffdf lgwf{lt k"0ff{\scg;f kLIffyL{n] k|fKt

c\s jf gDa . ~ tflnsf gf) k|fKt ePsf c\sx qmda4 kdf n]v] flvg] kmffd . ~ ;"rL gf
Psf c\sx qmda4 kdf n]lvPsf] ;"rL . k|fKtflwsf gf) [;+)] != sg} ljlzi6 JolStn] k|fKt
u]sf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] clwsf sg} JolSt, ju{, ;+:yf cflbnfO{ ljz]if sf0f jf l:yltn] u
bf{ k|bfg ulPsf] ljz]if clwsf jf ;ljwf . lj) @= clVtofk|fKt clVtofjfnf . k|flKt gf)
;+)] != k|fKt xg] lqmof kfpg] sfd . @= kmfobf nfe pknlAw . #=sg} j:t cfOkUg] jf
xft kg]{ lqmof . $= cf7 k|sfsf P]Zjo{ jf cf7 l;l4dWo] Ps . stf{ gf) sg} j:t jf
ljifo k|fKt ug]{ JolSt k|fKtstf{ . k|fKo lj) [;+)] != kfpg ;lsg] k|fKt ug{ of]Uo .
@= kfOg] kfpgkg]{ . k|fKos gf) [;+)] dfn;fdfg a]r]sf] a]xf]f k]sf] df]n hgfPsf] kq
fn;fdfg vlblaqmL u]afkt lbg]lng] lan . k|faNo gf) [;+)] alnof]kgf blnf] cj:yf k|antf
k|fdfl0fs lj) [;+)] != sg} ljz]if sfo{l;l4sf lglDt k|df0f dfGg ;lsg] k|df0faf6 l
;4 ePsf] ;ataf6 7xlPsf] . @= 7Ls ;To . #= k|df0f;DaGwL k|df0f ePsf] . $= sfggn] k|
dfl0ft u]sf] jf dfGotfk|fKt (sf, u|Gy, gfk, tf}n cflb) . ~ ;do gf) b]zsf] s]Gb|Lo
dWofXg]vfsf] cfwfdf lgsflnPsf] dVo ;do . k|foMk|fo lj) [;+)] != ;d:t zAbsf] pQkbsf k
f x] tNo jf ;dfg cy{ aemfpg] zAb (h:t}gi6k|fo, si6k|fo) . gf) @= d[To d0f . #= sg
} sfo{l;l4sf lglDt cgzg a:g] lqmof . $= ;aeGbf 7"nf] c+z jf efu . %= cflwSo ljkn
tf . ^= hLjgsf] cj:yf . lqm)lj) &= w]} dfqfdf w]}h;f] cS; kugku emG8} . Lk gf)
Ln] 3]lPsf] :ynefu k|foMLk k|fof]Lk . > k|fozM lqm) lj) k|foM . k|folZrQ gf) [;+)] !
sf kfk jf ckfwsf] bf]if d]6g \ sf lglDt ulg] zf:qljlxt wfld{s s[To cfk"mn] 7"nf] kf
k jf ckfw u]afkt ePsf] dfgl;s pTkL8gaf6 dSt xg ulg] sg} s7f] jf ljz]if k|sfsf] sfo
{ . @= e"n u]afkt abnfdf ulg] sg} klg Ifltk"s sfo{ . > k|folZrQL lj) k|folZrQ ug]{
. k|fof]hs lj) k|fof]hg ug]{ JolQm jf ;+:yf . k|fof]hg gf) cGo ;+:yf jf JolQmsf sf
o{qmd ;~rfngdf cfly{s cflb bfloTj jxg ug]{ k|lqmof . k|fof]lus lj) [;+)] != k|of]
u ulg] . @= k|of]u;DaGwL k|of]usf] . #= lqmofTds Jofjxfls . $= k|of]uaf6 k|fKt xg]
.

kbcg;fsf] sfo{ ugf{sf lglDt k|bfg ulPsf] jf lghn] kfPsf] clwsf . > k|flwsfL gf) cfgf
kbcg;fsf ;Dk"0f{ sfd ug{sf lglDt clwsf k|fKt u]sf] JolSt clVtofjfnf sd{rfL xflsd c
. k|flws[t gf) [;+)] != k|flwsfL . lj) @= clVtof kfPsf] . ~ clestf{ gf) k|ltlglw:jk
sfd ug{sf lglDt ljlwjt\ jf sfggL tjaf6 clwsf kfPsf] clestf{ . k|fWofks gf) [;+)] !
= ljZjljBfnocGtu{tsf SofDk; jf dxfljBfnodf k|fWofkg ug]{ ljlzi6 >]0fLsf] cWofks k
|f]k]m; . @= SofDk; cflbdf k9fpg] sg} klg >]0fLsf] lzIfs (;fdfGo cy{df) . k|fWof
kg gf) [;+)] ljZjljBfnoLo jf pRr lzIff;DaGwL ljifox k9fpg] sfo{ . k|fGt gf) [;+)] !
= sg} b]zsf] Ps 7"nf] efu k|bz ] . @= cg] s lhNnfx ldnfP agfOPsf] jf k| z f;lgs ;
ljwfcg;f tf]lsPsf] If]q . #= ;\3fTds ;+ljwfg ePsf b]zsf] :yfgLo k|zf;gsf cwLgdf x]
sf] sg} klg PsfO . $= c\u efu . k|fGt gf) [;+)] != bO{ :yfg jf ;dosf aLrdf x]sf] nf
df] 7"nf] Jojwfg jf cGt . @= jgh\un tL . k|flGts lj) [;+)] != k|fGt;DaGwL k|fGtsf] k
tLo . @= cf\lus . k|fGtLo lj) [;+)] k|fGt;DaGwL k|fGtsf] . tf gf) s]Gb|kl| t cgf:yfj
fg\ jf sd cf:yfjfg\ xL k|fGtk|lt k"} jf w]} cf:yfjfg\ xg] k[yStfjfbL u0f jf gLlt k
|fb]lzstf . ~ ;sf gf) ;\3Lo ;+ljwfgcg;f s]Gb|Lo ;sfsf dftxtdf sg} k|fGtsf] zf;gJoj
sf lglDt ag]sf] ;sf . k|fks lj) [;+)] != s;}n] lbPsf] jf k7fPsf] j:t k|fKt ug]{ kfp
g] k|flKtstf{ . @= sg} j:t Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf kofpg] . #= k|fKt ufpg] k|fklot
f . k|fk0f gf) [;+)] != kfpg] sfd k|fKt ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= k|fKt ufpg] lqmo
f Pj+ k|lqmof pknAw ufpg] sfd . #= kofpg] sfo{ . > k|fk0fLo lj) != k|fKt ug{ of]Uo k
|fKt xgkg]{ k|fKtJo . @= kofpg nfos . k|fklotf lj) [;+)] != k|fKt ug]{ kfpg] . @=
k|fKt ufpg] kofpg] . k|fKt lj) [;+)] != e]6s ] f] e]fOPsf] ldn]sf] kfPsf] pknAw
Okus ] f] pkl:yt . stf{ gf) k|fKt ug]{ JolSt k|flKtstf{ . ~ sfn lj) != ;do;xfpFbf]
]nfcg;fsf] . gf) @= plrt ;do pkoSt cj; jf df}sf . ~ dgf]y lj) OR5fk"0f{ ePsf] OR5f
u]sf] ;Gti6 . ~ of}jg lj) ojf cj:yfdf kus ] f] gf}hjfg tGg]L pd]sf] . k|fKtJo lj
;+)] kfpgkg]{ kfpg nfos k|fKt ug{ of]Uo .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|f/Awlk|otf k|fAw lj) [;+)] != sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf] cfDe ulPsf] yflnPsf] cfAw . gf)
Uo ls:dt . #= k"j{hGdsf] dflgg] sd{sf] kmn . > k|fAwL lj) k|fAw ePsf] fd|f] efUo ePsf
efUojfg\ . k|fDe gf) [;+)] sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf] cfDe ;? yfngL >Lu0f]z . > k|flDes lj
k|fDe;DaGwL k|fDesf] ;[?sf] . @= k|fDedf xg], ulg] jf ug{kg]{ (cj:yf, sfo{, of]hg
)) . k|fk gf) [;+) k|fu\ k] != klxnf] k klxn] ePsf] k . @= v];|f d:of}bf . #= sg} s
lglDt tof kflPsf] k|flDes k]vf . sf gf) k|fk jf d:of}bf tof kfg]{ JolQm . > k|f
sf] lgdf{0f . k|fkLs0f gf) sg} sfo{qmdsf] kl0ffdnfO{ cgdfg jf c8sn sf6\g ;lsg] vfn
sf] k|flDes 9fFrf tof ug]{ lqmof Pj+ k|lqmof . k|fy{s lj) [;+)] != sg} Oi6l;l4sf l
glDt k|fy{gf ug]{ k|fy{lotf k|fyL{ ofrs . gf) @= k|fy{gf ug]{ JolSt . #= sGof dfUg]
JolSt . $= j . %= bvf{:t lbg] JolSt lgj]bs cfj]bs . k|fy{gf gf) [;+)] != s;}l;t s]x
L sf dfUg] lqmof ofrgf . @= gd| lgj]bg laGtLefp . #= O{Zjsf] ksf jGbgf . $= ljlzi6
olStk|lt ulg] clejfbg . ~ kq gf) sg} lsl;dsf] k|fy{gf n]lvPsf] kq lgj]bg cfj]bg bvf{
:t . k|fy{gLo lj) [;+)] != k|fy{gf ug{ of]Uo ofrgLo . @= lgj]bg ug{ nfos . #= jGbg
Lo . k|fy{lotf lj) [;+)] != k|fy{gf ug]{ lgj]bg ug]{ . @= jGbgf ug]{ O{Zjsf] ksff ug
]{ . #= ofrs . k|fly{t lj) [;+)] k|fy{gf ulPsf] . k|fyL{ lj) [;+)] k|fy{gf ug]{ k|fy
{lotf . k|fYo{ lj) [;+)] k|fy{gf ug{ of]Uo jGbgf ug{ nfos ofrgf ug{ ;lsg] . k|fnDa l
j) [;+)] != sg} j:tdf n6\lsPsf] emlG8Psf] . gf) @= n6\lsPsf] jf emlG8Psf] j:t
 . #= cf8 cjnDa . > k|fnlDasf gf) ;f\nL jf kfdf n6\sfP klxg] Ps k|sfsf] lje"if0f .
nfO{ ;f\nLdf emG8fpFbf 5ftLsf aLrdf kfdf n6\sfpFbf afofF sddlg kfgk { 5{) . k|fn]v
gf) [;+)] cfjZostfcg;f kl5 5fF6sfF6 jf ;+zf]wg ulg] uL rfF8f]rfF8f] tof ulPsf] k|:tf
j, of]hgf, ljw]os cflbsf] k|fylds k d:of}bf v];|f . k|fjf gf) [;+)] sdb]lv zLsf] k[
fu 9flsO{ hldgdf nqg] uL fhsLo klxgdfly wf0f ulg] ljz]if k|sfsf] kf];fs . > k|fjfs
= cfdf k"f 9flsg] uL cf]9\g xg] j:q k5f}f . @= 5f]Kg] j:q cfj0f . k|fljlws lj) [;
sg} lsl;dsf] lj1fg, lzNksnf cflb;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] k|ljlw;DaGwL . @= Jofjxfls . ~
842

sfo{ gf) lj1fg cflb k|ljlw;DaGwL sfo{ . ~ ;xof]u gf) lj1fg cflbsf k|ljlw jf ljz]if
lgodsf If]qdf ulg] ;xof]u . ~ l;k gf) k|ljlw;DaGwL ;Lk jf 1fg . k|fljlw1 gf) [;+)]
sg} lsl;dsf] lj1fg, snf, lzNk, k|of]u cflb;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] JolSt k|ljlw hfGg] J
olQm lzNkL . k|fzg gf) [;+)] != k|yd k6s cGg vjfpg] lqmof . @= vfg] lqmof ef]hg ug
]{ sfd ef]hg . k|flZgs gf) [;+)] != k|Zg ug]{ JolSt k|ZgsQf{ . @= kLIffsf lglDt k|Zg
kq agfpg] JolSt k|Zglgdf{tf . lj) #= k|Zg;DaGwL . $= k|Zg agfpg]jfnf . k|f;\lus lj)
[;+)] != k|;\u;DaGwL k|;\usf] . @= k|;\u ldn]sf] k|;\uk|fKt . #= d"n ljifo;Fu ;DaGw
Psf] . $= rlnx]sf] rrf{;u F d]n vfg] . tf gf) k|f;\lus xgfsf] u0f, ljz]iftf jf sf
o{ . k|f;fb gf) [;+)] != fhfsf] baf fhejg . @= 7"nf] baf ljzfn ejg . #= b]jfno dl
nf ejgsf] 5t sf};L cflnsf . > k|f;fbLo lj) != k|f;fb;DaGwL . @= fhbaf;DaGwL . k|f;"l
j) [;+)] k|;"lt;DaGwL k|;j;DaGwL . k|fxfls gf) [;+)] != kxf a:g] JolSt kx]bf kfn] .
@= k|x;DaGwL k|xsf] . k|fXg gf) [;+)] lbgsf] k"j{ efu k"jf{Xg . lk|lG6 gf) [c\)] 5f
fo{ 5kfO db|0f . lk|lG;kn gf) [c\)] != :sn, sn]h jf dxfljBfnosf] k|wfg lzIfs k|frfo
{ k|wfgfWofks . lj) @= dVo k|dv  . lk|oj + b lj) [;+)] ;a}nfO{ Koff] nfUg] u/L dL7
f] af]Ng] s;}nfO{ klg sfn] lemfpg] lk|ojfbL ldi6efifL . > lk|oj + bf lj) ;a}nfO{ Kof
;Gb nfUg] uL af]Ng] ldi6eflif0fL dweflif0fL lk|ojflbgL (:qL) . lk|o lj) [;+)] !
odf ulxf] k|efj kL dfof a;]sf] dg k]sf] Koff] . @= fd|f] ;Gb . #= lgsf] nfUg] hf
. gf) $= :jfdL klt . %= k|d ] L k|l] dsf . sf\IfL lj) sg} j:t, ljifo Pj+ JolStk|lt
enf] lrtfpg] zeflenfifL . > lk|o\s lj) != ;a}nfO{ dg kg]{ jf fd|f] nfUg] sfd ullbg]
mfpg hfGg] . @=;a}n] lk|o dfGg] . lk|o\sL gf) != ;]tf] s06sfL 7"nf] hftsf] laxL . @=
a[xt\ hLjGtL . lj) #= ;a}nfO{ dg kg]{ jf Koff] nfUg] sfd ullbg] (:qL) . hg gf) k|]d
L . lk|otd lj) [;+)] != Psbd dfof nfUg] w]} lk|o Hofb} ulxf] dfof a;]sf] . gf) @= kf]
O :jfdL klt nf]Ug] . #= k|]dL . > lk|otdf lj) != Hofb} KofL Hofb} ulxf] dfof a;]sL .
) @= kTgL . #= k|l] dsf . lk|otf gf) [;+)] != lk|o xgfsf] efj, u0f jf cj:yf (k|
foM

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
843

lk|obz{gk|d ] ljrfljdz{ ug]{ fhdxnsf] sf]7f . @= gf6ssf] clego cflb ug{sf lglDt agf
OPsf] \ud~r . #= b[Zofjnf]sgsf lglDt agfOPsf] 3 . $= cfgf b]zsf ljleGg :yfgsf pBf]u,
Joj;fo cflbaf6 tof kflPsf dfn;fdfg, lrq tyf tYof\sx flvPsf] 3 ;dLIffno . k|l ] Ift
d|L x]lPsf] jf b]lvPsf] . k| ] v \ 0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tdf n6\lsP emNg] jf xNng]
lqmof Pj+ k|lqmof . @= 8f]nL . #= emf]n\uf] sf]qmf] . $= lk . k|]\vf gf) [;+)] != l
k . @= 8f]nL . k|t ] lj) [;+)] != d/]sf] :ju]{ ePsf] d[t . gf) @= dflg; dl;s]kl5 k|f
Kt xg] slNkt of]lg . #= d[ts JolStsf] cfTdf d[tfTdf . $= lkzfrsf] h:tf] Ps hgL
. %= eo\s cfsfsf] dflg; . ^= bi6 dflg; . ~ sd{sfo{s[To gf) d[ts k|]tof]lgaf6 dSt xf
;\ egL ulg] bfx;+:sf cflbb]lv ;lk08L;Ddsf sd{ . ~ u[x gf) d;fg lrxfg . tf gf) k|t ]
j . Tj gf) != k|t ] sf] cj:yf jf wd{ . @= d[To d0f lgwg . ~ b]x gf) d]b]lv lnP ;l
gu];Dd d[tsn] wf0f ug]{ bogLo jf eo\s nfUg] slNkt zL . ~ lk08 gf) bfx;+:sf u]bl] v
08L;Dd k|]tsf p2]Zon] lbOg] lk08 . ~ e"ld gf) d;fg :dzfg k|]tu[x . ~ nf]s gf) odnf]s
. ~ ljBf gf) tGqdGq cflbff k|t ] fTdfnfO{ af]nfP To;l;t k|Zgf]Q ug],{ k|t ] nfO{ sfd
cflb ug{ nufpg], Ps tflGqs ljBf wDof}nL . ~ >f4 gf) d]bl] v lnP jif{ lbg;Dd k|t ] s
f p2]Zon] ulg] >f4 . > k|]tfzf}r gf) d]sf JolStsf] cfzf}r dflg; dbf{v]l aflg] jf nfUg
h7f] . k|d ] gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifo, j:t jf JolStsf :jefj Pj+ u0fk|lt dgdf
pTkGg xg] cfsif{0f jf cfTdLotf cgfu . @= k, u0f, :jefj, ;fdLKo cyjf sfdjf;gf cfl
bsf sf0fn] :qLk?ifdf k:k xg] cg[fu Kof k|Llt . #= s[kf bof dfof . ~ s6fL gf)
cflb sf6\g] sfddf NofOg], af\uf] cfsfsf] wflnf] kmnfd] ;fwg . wKs] gf) 7"nf nfDrf
ft xg], lxdfnL e]sdf pd|g] Ps hftsf] v gLnj[If . kfq lj) != cfk"mnfO{ Hofb} dg k]sf
] Koff] cfTdLo . gf) @= Koff] dflg; lk|o JolSt . kfz gf) k|d ] sf] s;fO jf aGwg k|
f sf0fn] pTkGg ePsf] aGwg . ~ aGwg gf) k|]dkfz . > k|]dfnfk gf) != k|]dk"j{s ulg] sf
sfgL jf aftlrt . @= k|]dL k|]ldsfsf aLrdf xg] k|]d;DaGwL sfsfgL . #= t?gL tGg]L c
yjf k|d ] Lk|l] dsf jf kltkTgLsf aLrdf k|d ] JofkfnfO{ lnP xg] sfsfgL . k|]dfln\ug
gf) k|d ] n] cfsn eP jf k|d ] hgfpgsf lglDt Psn] csf{nfO{ xflng]

;d:t kbsf cGtdf k|oSt, h:t}hglk|otf, nf]slk|otf O)) . @= Koff]kg dgkfO lxt}liftf . #
= k|]d dfof . lk|obz{g lj) [;+)] ;w}F x]lxF"h:tf] nfUg] cToGt dgf]x Hofb} ;Gb . >
lz{gL lj) x]lx"F h:tL fd|L (cfOdfO{) . lk|obzL{ lj) [;+)] != ;a}nfO{ :g]xsf] b[li6n]
x]g]{ cToGt dfofn efjn] x]g{] . @= dgf]x ;Gb . gf) #= eftsf Ps k|frLg g]z czf]s .
okfqlk|oefhg lj) [;+)] Koff] JolSt dg k]sf] JolSt :g]xkfq k|d ] efhg . lk|oefifL lj
)] dL7f] af]nL af]Ng] dw jrg af]Ng] lk|ojStf . lk|ojStf lj) [;+)] != Koff] sf ug]{
7f] arg af]Ng] lk|oefifL ldi6efifL . @= a];f] rfKn;Ljfn . lk|ojrg gf) [;+)] != dL7f]
af]nL Koff] sf dw jrg . lj) @= lk|o+efifL d[befifL . lk|ojflbgL lj) [;+)] lk|o a
g] dw af]Ng] (:qL) lk|o+jbf . lk|ojfbL lj) [;+)] lk|o af]Ng] dwefifL lk|o+jb . lk|
f) [;+)] != dfof a;]sL ojtL k|]ldsf . @= kTgL :jf:gL efof{ . lk|of]lSt gf) [;+)] !=
x[bonfO{ cfXnflbt kfg]{ vfnsf] af]nL dL7f] af]nL lk|ojrg . @= lrKnf] sf kmsfpg] sf
rfKn;L . k|Lt lj) [;+)] != k|LltoSt k|d ] k"0f{ . @= k|;Gg ;Gti6 . #= dg kg]{ Koff
] . k|Llt gf) [;+)] != :qLsf] k?ifsf x[bodf k?ifsf] :qLsf x[bodf a;]sf] Kof lktL k
]d cgfu . @= :g]x ddtf dfof . ef]h gf) laxfa6nf] o:t} sg} pT;jsf ;Gbe{df cfgf
g, Oi6ldqxnfO{ k|]dk"j{s vjfOg] ef]h . k|k  m gf) [c\)] != 5fkfvfgfdf k:tskl:ts
fx 5fKgeGbf klxn] sDkf]h ubf{ ePsf] czl4 ;+zf]wg ug{sf lglDt UofnLdf 5flkPsf] g
dgf . @= k|df0f ;at . ~ d]l;g gf) k|k  m ptfg]{ oGq . ~ l8 gf) k|k  mdf x]sf czl
;+zf]wg ug]{ JolSt . ~ ll8 gf) k|k  mdf x]sf czl4sf] ;+zf]wg . k|I ] fs lj) [;+)]
!= b]Vg] jf x]g{] bz{s . gf) @= ;ef ;Dd]ngdf ;b:otf k|fKt gePsf] eP tfklg rf;f] fVg
] sf0fn] x]gj { g{sf nflu ljz]if kdf lgDTofOPsf] JolQm . k|I ] f0f gf) [;+)] != x]g
]{ jf b]Vg] sfd x]fO b]vfO . @=cfFvf g]q . #= tdf;f b[Zo . > k|I ] f0fLo lj) x]g{ of]
o b]Vg nfos bz{gLo . k|I ] ff gf) [;+)] != x]g{] jf b]Vg] sfd . @= b[Zo . #= al4 k|
1f . $= zf]ef ;ifdf . ~ u[x gf) != fhfdxffhfxn] ljlzi6 ljfg\ Pj+ s"6gLlt1x;Fu ljrf
cflb ug]{ 3 . @= gf6zfnf gfr3 . > k|I ] ffno gf) != k|frLg sfnsf fhfn] dGqLx;Fu ljlz
lsl;dsf] ;Nnfx Pj+

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

k|l ] dsfk|fl ] 6g cFufnf] k|]df;St jf sfdf;St eP :qLk?ifn] k:kdf ug]{ cfln\ug . k|d
] f> gf) k|d ] Lsf] k|l] dsf;Fu jf k|l] dsfsf] k|]dL;Fu cyjf s;}sf] cfgf] sg} cf
TdLo JolSt;Fu e]6 xFbf leq}b]lv plDnP cfPsf] k|]d jf xif{n] ubf{ lgSn]sf] cfF; x
iff{> . k|d ] f:kb lj) k|d ] ePsf] k|d ] jfnf k|d ] oSt . ] ug]{ :qL cfk"m;Fu cfTd
;dk{0f k|l] dsf gf) [;+)] cfk"mnfO{ k|d ug{ tTk x]sL :qL k|]o;L . k|d ] L gf) [;+)] !
= cfk"m;Fu k|]d ug]{ jf dfof nufpg] k?if lk|otd . lj) @= k|]d ePsf] k|]doSt . #=
dfof a;]sf] lktL ufFl;Psf] . $= :g]xL cfTdLo . k|o ] lj) [;+)] != w]} dg kg]{ clt l
|o lk|o . gf) @= lk|o j:t dg k]sf] ljifo, JolSt jf j:t . k|o ] ;L gf) [;+)] lk|otd
f k|]ldsf . k| ] s lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf p2]Zok|lt xf};nf lbg] ;lqmo jf ;r]i6
ufpg] k|]0ff lbg] pQ]hs . @= sg} JolSt jf j:tnfO{ st} k7fpg] 7]Ng] . #= k]Ng] . ~ t
gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f, k|l] t ug]{ j:t, ljifo, u0f, wd{ cflb . k| ] 0ff gf) [;+)] != s;
n] s;}nfO{ sg} sfo{ jf p2]Zok|lt k|jQ [ ufpg] lqmof xf};nf jf pT;fx . @= dfgl;s k
|jl[ Qsf] ;lqmotf pQ]hgf . #= pQ]hgf lbnfpg] dfWod jf sfo{ pQ]hg p2Lkg . k|]0ffy{s lj
) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ sg} ljifo jf p2]Zok|lt k|j[Q jf pQ]lht ufpg] . @= Jofs0fdf ug{
nufpg] eGg] cy{ JoSt ug]{ lqmofJofkf (ufpg, xnfpg, 5f]kfpg O)) ;Fu ;DalGwt To:tf]
lqmofJofkf hgfpg] . ~ lqmof gf) Jofs0fcg;f lqmofsf] Jofkf, s;}sf k| ] 0ffaf6 ePsf]
gL ;"lrt ug]{ lqmofsf] k (h:t} ufpg, egfpg O)) . k| ] 0fLo lj) [;+)] k| ] 0ff lbg j
lng nfos k|jQ [ ufpg jf pQ]lht ufpg of]Uo . k|l] t lj) [;+)] != k| ] 0ff ulPsf] sf
ifdf k|jQ [ ufOPsf] pQ]lht . @= k]lnPsf] 7]lnPsf] 3r]l6Psf] . k|i ] fs lj) [;+)] != s
g} j:t jf ljifonfO{ Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf k7fpg] . gf) @= To:tf] sfd ug]{ Jo
lSt . k|]if0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf ljifo Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf k7fpg] sfd .
@= s;}nfO{ sg} ljifodf k|]0ff lbg] sfd . #= ljrf jf efjsf] cleJolSt ;Dk|]if0f . ~
kq gf) != k7fpg 7Ls kflPsf] jf k7fOg] kq . @= sg} 7fpFdf sg} j:t k7fOPsf] a]xf
]f hgfOPsf] kq . > k|i] f0ffb]z gf) sg} dfn;fdfg Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf k7fpg] cf
b]z jf clwsf k|fKt ePsf] kq jf lnvt . k|i ] f0fLo lj) [;+)] != sg} j:t Ps 7fpFaf
6 csf{ 7fpFdf k7fpg of]Uo . @= s;}nfO{ sg} sfo{ljz]ifdf k|]0ff lbg
844

of]Uo . tf gf) != sg} n]vs jf ljrfsn] cfgf cgej Pj+ ljrf kf7sxsf cgej Pj+ ;dembf
] cgsn " xg] uL JoSt ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= cleJolSt wd{ ;Dk|i ] f0fLotf . k|
]lift lj) [;+)] != sg} sf] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpFdf k7fOPsf] . @= s;}nfO{ sg} sfo
{ljz]ifdf k|l] t ulPsf] . > k|l ] iftJo lj) x]) k|]if0fLo . k|i ] o lj) [;+)] != k7f
pg of]Uo . @= k7fpg ;lsg] . > k|i ] otf gf) k|]io xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt b"tTj . k|i
] of gf) != gf]srfs ;]js . @= b"t . #= xnsff . k|; ] gf) [c\)] != lstfa, ;dfrf cf
Kg] oGq . @= pSt oGq;d]t ePsf] 5kfO3 db0 | ffno . #= k6jf cflbsf] 7"nf] ufF7nfO{
lyr] 5ltf] tNofpg] Ps oGq h6k|]; . $= To;L lyRg] cFr]6\g] sg} klg oGq . %= ;dfrf
. ^= ;dfrfkq . ~ sfplG;n gf) != kqklqsfsf] lxt tyf ljsf;sf lglDt ul7t ;ldlt . @= ;
dfrf;ldlt ;+jfb ;ldlt . k|; ] ss gf) [c\)] 9sgL jf lasf]{ alnof];Fu nufP afkm pDs
rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] vfBkbfy{ ksfpg] Ps vfnsf] las]e { fF8f] afkmf}8 F L. k|; ] lkf]
6 { gf) [c\)] ;dfrfkqdf 5kfpg tof ulPsf] va cflb ;+jfb . > k|; ] lkf]6 { gf) ;dfr
fpgsf Nflu vax ;\sng ug]{ JolSt ;+jfbbftf . k|; ] jStJo gf) [c\) k|; ] ;+) jStJo] !=
klqsfdf 5fKgsf lglDt kqsf e]nf uL lbOPsf] jStJo . @= kqsfxn] k|rf ug\ egL dlb|t kdf
t0f ulPsf] jStJo . k|; ] lj1lKt gf) [c\) k|; ] ;+) lj1lKt] sg} cflwsfls JolStn] jf ;
jfbbftf cflbn] sg} ;dfrf jf 36gfsf af]df lbPsf] hfgsfL . k|; ] ;lrj gf) [c\) k|; ] ;
) ;lrj] fhbaf jf sg} ljz]if JolStsf] kqklqsfdf k7fpg] ;dfrf jf cGo k|sfzg;DaGwL sfd
ug]{ ;lrj (k|; ] ;]qm ] 6L) . k|];;Dd]ng gf) [c\) k|; ] ;+) ;Dd]ng] k|; ] jStJo ;Gg
lgDTofOPsf kqsfx;lxt ;f] jStJo lbg] kIfsf JolQmx;d]tsf] e]nf . k|]l;8]G6 gf) [c\)] !=
sg} ;+:yf, ;ef jf ;ldltsf] k|wfg JolSt cWoIf ;efklt . @= u0ftflGqs fi6sf] fi6klt .
|f]h]S6 gf) [c\)] != l;g]df, lel8cf], :nfO8, afO:sf]k cflb b]vfpg] oGq . @= k|sfz k
}mnfpg] oGq . k|fH ] Hjn lj) [;+)] v"a rlDsnf] Hofb} pHofnf] t]h:jL . k|fl ] 6g gf)
[c\)] ;Dk"0f{ hLljt k|f0fLsf] ;kf]if0fsf lglDt cfjZos tyf Pldgf] gfds cDnaf6 lgl
d{t Ps kf]io tj (df;, e6df; cflbdf w]} kfOg]) .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\Dict Pa1.p65
845

k|f]T;fxKn]u k|fB } f]lus lj) [;+)] != ljlzi6 lsl;dsf pBf]u;Fu ;DalGwt 7"n7"nf pBf]
u;Fu ;DaGw x]sf] . @= lj1fg Pj+ pBf]ud"ns ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ lzIff gf) ljlzi6 ls
l;dn] lbOg] jf lnOg] snfTds Pj+ Jofjxfls lzIff rgfTds Pj+ lgdf{0ffTds lzIff . k|fB
} f]lusL gf) [;+)] k|fljlws 1fg jf ;Lk . ~ x:tfGt0f gf) k|fljlws ;DaGwL 1fg jf ;Lks
f] cfbfgk|bfg . Kn6 gf) [c\)] != syf, pkGof;, gf6s, sfJo, dxfsfJo cflbsf] dVo syf
j:t syf;f . @= if8\oGq . #= hldgsf] ;Dd k]sf] 7"nf] efu rSnf . Knjg gf) [;+)] != kfg
Ldf v]lng] kf}8L v]n . @= pk|mg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . #= kmfn xfNg] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . $= kfgLleqsf] 8afO kfgLff ePsf] 8afO . KnfOp8 gf) [c\)] k]n] agfOPsf], kftnf]
mflsnf] kqbf sf7 . Knfhf gf) [c\)] ;xsf aLrdf x]sf] vnf 7fpF rf]s . Knfl6k; gf) [c
gwfL hLjxsf] ;d"x ;aeGbf klxn] k"mn kfg]{ :tgwfL ;d"xsf] ;aeGbf kfgf] hLj kfgLdf a:g
, aL; OGr nfdf], xfF;sf] rRrf]h:tf] ytg   xg,] ci6]lnof, t;dflgof, GolugL c
flbdf kfOg] hGtljz]if . Knf6g gf) [c\)] ;]gfsf] Ps ljefu ;]gfdv . Knfj gf) [;+)]
!= af9L . @= 8afO . #= 8aNsL . > Knfjg gf) != kfgLdf 8Ag] jf 8afpg] lqmofk|l
qmof . @= hnk|no hnfDd] xg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . Knfljt lj) 8as ] f] jf 8afOPsf] k
fgLdf rf]kn]sf] . Knf:6 gf) [c\)] != 3sf] leQf], eOF, 5t cflbdf lnpg jf l;dG6L nufP
lrNnf] kfg]{ sfd . @= efFlrPsf c\uxdf l;dG6L, sk8f cflbn] afFw] sl;nf] kfg]{ sfd .
Knfl:6s gf) [c\)] ljleGg pkof]udf cfpg] cyjf efF8f, y}nf cflb agfpg sfd lnOg] Ps f;
folgs kbfy{ . ~ ;h{L gf) IftljIft 5fnfnfO{ zNolqmofff b?:t ug]{ cEof; jf ;Lk gfd|f]
fO{ fd|f] agfpg] k|lqmof . lKn8 gf) [c\)] != jlsn . @= s;}sf tkm{af6 ax; jf jfbljjfb
ug]{ JolSt clwjStfeGbf tNnf] txsf] jlsn clejStf . Knt lj) [;+)] != dfly plk|mPsf]
. @= tLg dfqf ePsf] ( :j jf j0f{ ) . #= kfgL cflbn] 9flsP hnfDd] ePsf] . gf) $= 8
Ag] jf leHg] lqmof . %= pk|mg] jf kmfn xfGg] lqmof . ~ ult gf) pk|]m lxF8\g] lqmo
f Eofutf]pk|mfO . Kn]u gf) [c\)] != Ps lsl;dsf] eofgs ;\qmfds f]u . @= plkofF, d;f
cflbaf6 dflg;df k}mlnO{ sfvL, vfsf hf]gL{ cflbdf 8Nnf] lg:s] To;sf] j]bgfn] Hjf] c
fO{ d[To

k|f]T;fx gf) [;+)] != k|an pT;fx xf};nf 7"nf] pDd]b . @= ] ;fxs lj) s;}nfO{ sg} sfo
{ljz]ifdf k|fT ] ;fxg hfFu . > k|fT lbg] jf pT;fx a9fOlbg] . k|f]T;fxg gf) s;}nfO{
sg} sfo{ljz]ifk|lt pT;fx Pj+ xf};nf a9fOlbg] lqmofk|lqmof pT;fx . k|f]T;flxt lj)
v"a;Fu pT;fx a9fOPsf] xf};nf a9fOPsf] k|fT ] ;fxg lbOPsf] . k|f]k|fO6 gf) [c\)] sg}
pBf]uwGbfsf] ;+:yfks Pj+ ;~rfns . k|f]k]m; gf) [c\)] k|fWofks (klxnf] bhf{sf]) . k
|f]lift lj) [;+)] kb]zdf uP a;]sf] k|jf;L . kltsf gf) klt kb]zdf a;]sf sf0fn] bMl
sL :qL k|fl] iftet[s { f . et[s { f gf) != k|fl] iftkltsf . @= gflosfsf e]bxdWo] Ps
. k|f9 } lj) [;+)] != fd|f; ] u F a9]sf] ;nSs ePsf] jf xNs]sf] k|j4 [ . @= ojfj:y
f kf u]sf] tL;b]lv krf; jif{leqsf cj:yfsf] . #= w]} cgej ePsf] kfsf] . $= klkSj . %=
anjfg\ zlStzfnL . ^= lgk0f rtf] . &= uDeL u"9 . gf) *= kl/kSj pd]/ ePsf] JolQm k|a4
 JolQm . (= tflGqsxdf rn]sf] rf}aL; cIfaf6 ag]sf] dGq . tfTj gf) k|f9 } aGgsf lglDt
cfjZos u0f Pj+ :jefj . ~ ljBfno gf) k|f9 } cj:yfdf kus ] f :qLk?ifxnfO{ lzIff
lbg] kf7zfnf . ~ lzIff gf) k|f9 } JolStxnfO{ lbOg] jf To:tf JolStn] lng] lzIff . ~
;fIftf gf) k|f9 } JolStxnfO{ cIf lrgfP ;fIf tNofpg] lqmof jf sfo{qmd . ~ ;\u7g gf
9 } JolStxsf] lzIff, :jf:Yo Pj+ ljsf; cflbdf Wofg lbO{ pgLxdf fi6kd ]| sf] efjgf huf
pgsf lglDt u7g ulPsf] jf k|f9 } JolStx ldn] agfOPsf] ;\u7g . k|f}9f gf) [;+)] != t?gL
eGg g;xfpg] pd]df kus ] L :qL tL;b] l v krf; jif{ l eqsf cj:yfsL :qL . @= z[u \
f;cg;f gfosnfO{ of}gt[lKt lbg Hofb} rt :qL . lj) #= k|f9 } cj:yfdf kus ] L . ~ cw
Lf gf) cfgf gfosdf k:qL;dfudsf lrXgx b]v ] k|ToIf kdf l; ug]{ gflosf . ~ wLf gf)
f kgflosfsf ;fy ePsf ljnf;sf lrXgx b]v] Jo\Uok"j{s l; ug]{ gflosf . ~ wLfwLf gf) cf
ifdf kgflosf;Fu ;dfud ePsf k|ToIf lrXgx b]v] s]xL Jo\Uo s]xL k|ToIf kdf l; ug]{ gfl
. k|fl } 9 gf) [;+)] != JolQmdf lglxt zlSt ;fdYo{ . @= k"0f{ kn] ePsf] j[l4 klkSjtf
. #= ;fx; cfF6 lxDdt . $= w[i6tf l96f]kg . k|f9 } f]lSt gf) [;+)] != :ki6, ;zSt, ;u
l7t Pj+ kfsf] egfO k|an plSt . @= gfxs st} pTsif{sf sf0fsf] sNkgf ubf{ xg] Ps cyf
{n\sf .

c:\Sabdkosh\Rajendra\DictPa1.p65

Kn]6Kjfn xg] Ps f]u dxfdfL . Kn]6 gf) [c\)] != crf, tsf{L cflbb]lv lnP eft;Dd fv
], xf]rf] la6 ePsf] yfnLljz]if lsfkL . @= kmf]6f], db|0f;fdu|L cflbsf] g]u]l6e cfp
g] sfFr, Knfl:6s, sfuh cflbsf] kftf] . Kn]6kmfd{ gf) [c\)] != ]nla;f}gLdf ofqL cflb
nfO{ cf]n{g, pSng jf lxF8\g ;lhnf] xf];\ egL ]n f]lsg] 7fpFdf 9]kfP agfOPsf] kmflsnf
] nfdf] k]6L . @= efif0f ug]{ d~r . #= ljrf JoSt ug]{ jf sfd ug]{ cgs"n jftfj0f To
;f] ug{ kfpg] dfWod . Kn]l6gd gf) [c\)] ;]tf] sf] Ps s8f ux|f}F Hofb} axd"No wft .
Kjfv gf) [;+) kIf > k|f) kSv > k
\v] rfsf] e'Tnf . ~ d'
u \ L | gf) != Aof8ldG6gsf] v
ndf k|of]u x'g] ss{ Aof6 . @= Aof8ldG6gsf] v]n . Kjfn ] gf) [KjfFnf]P] != zdLsf kft
h:tf cfsfsf kft x'g], KjfFnf]h:tf]
sf] kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v . @= hfa]df h:t} laldf c
fpg] Ps rd{f]u . #= cfunfuL .
846

lj) $= KjfFnf]sf] h:tf]
ePsf] k'jfFn] . Kjfnf] gf) [k'jfFnf]] k'jfFnf] gSsnL lsl;dsf
d'uf . KjfOG6 gf) [c
\)] !=6]lnkmf]gdf k|To]s ;]6sf] nflu ulPsf] 5'} nfOgJoj:yf . @=
cIfxsf] gfk . #= aFbf . Kjfsn gf) [g]jf) Kjfs] != l9sL, cf]vnL cflbsf] vf]laN6f] .
@= vf]laN6f] vf]Knf] . KjfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") Kjfs\ s] != lxsf{pFbf xnsf] lsl;dn]
nfUg] uL Kof . @= ck|Toflzt kaf6 c;dodf g} dg]{ uL kSnSs . #= sfsf] l;nl;nf g6\
aLr}df cldNbf] sf eg] csf{sf] sf sf6] . $= h] dgdf cfof] ToxL eg] . KjfSnfSs lqm)
) [c) d") KjfSnfs\ s] != xnsf lsl;daf6 Ps} rf]l6 plSsg] u/L . @= Ps} rf]l6 pv]lnP
. #= PsfPs dg]{ u/L . Kjf\ lqm) lj) [c) d") Kjf\ ] != km6]/ pl5lg] lsl;dn] . @= efF
ufu|f cflb km6\bfkm6fpFbf cfjfh lgsfNg] jf lgSng] u/L . Kjfn gf) [;+) Knfj < k
jfn] kjfn bnf] l5b| .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
847
kmkmsf}6f]

km
km b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] afO;f}F Jo~hgj0f{
cf]i7, :kzL{, c3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg kju{sf] bf];|f] j0f{ jf cIf n]Vo kdf ;f] j0
f{ jf cIfsf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg 5f]L af]Sof] km . kmFlsg c) lqm) [kmfFsf] O g]
= kmfFsf] xg kmfFsf] xflng . s)lqm) @= kmfFsf] dfL vfOg . > kmFSofO gf) kmFlsg]
jf kmFSofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . kmFSofOg s) lqm) kmfFsf] dflg kmfFsf] xflng . kmFSo
fpg ;) lqm) != kmfFsf] dfg{ kmfFsf] xfNg . @= lrpf, ;ft cflb dvel xg] uL xfNg
. kmFhfO gf) [kmfFh\ ( cfO)] kmfFHg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmFhfOg s) lqm) kmFhf
pg nfOg kmFhfpg] kflg . kmFhfpg ;) lqm) kmfFhf] xfNg kmfFHg nufpg . kmF8fO gf)
[kmfF8\ ( cfO)] != kmfF8g \ ] jf l5dNg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= kmfF8g \ ] jf kmfpg] lq
mofk|lqmof . [ > ] kmF8fpg k|) ] lqm) != kmfF8g \ nfpg l5dnfpg . @= kmfF8g \ jf
kmfpg nfpg . kmF8fgL gf) [kmfF8 \ cfgL] kmfF8g \ ] sfd h\unsf v, a6g ] , emf8L cfl
b sf6\g] sfd . kmFl8 gf) [;+) kmn]Gb|] hfdgl jz]if . kmFbfO gf) [ kmfFb\ ( cfO)] !=
kmfFb] jf pk|m] gfg] lqmof k|lqmof . @= kmfFbg \ ] jf km;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [> ] kmFbfOg s) lqm) != kmfFbg \ jf pk|m ] gfg nfOg . @= kmfFbg \ jf km;fpg nu
fOg . kmFbfpg k|]) lqm) != kmfFb\g jf pk|]m gfg nufpg . @= kmfFb\g jf kFmbfpg nu
fpg . kms8f gf) [ kmSs8] != hf]uL . @= lrlnd jf ;Nkmfdf ufFhf jf sSS8 eL cfuf] xf
ln;s]kl5 ;sf]{ tfGgeGbf klxn] ufFhfsf] jf lzjhLsf] noa4 lsl;dn] ulg] :tlt . kms
kms lqm) lj) [c) d") kms\ c) (l))] != n];fOnf] geO{ aafpFbf] xg] lsl;dn] . @= wdfwd
kmfFsf] xfn] vfg] uL kmsfkms . #= ;f; sg} sfd ug]{ rfn;Fu ;?;? . $= OlGhgaf6 w"jf
g:sFbf zAb cfpg] uL . %= sg} sdnf] j:t sf6\tfem}F cfjfh lg:s] . > kmskmstL lqm) lj)
kmskms . kmskmsfO gf) kmskmsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmskmsfOg c) lqm) != kmskms
kg]{ xf]Og . s) lqm) @= kmskms kflg kmskms zAb lgsflng . kmskmsfpFbf] lj) != kms
kms k]sf] aafpFbf] . @= fd|L kfs] kmkmfpFbf] ePsf] (cfn, lkF8fn cflb) . kmsk
) lqm) != n];fOnf] lsl;dsf] geP aa k]sf] xg kmskmsfpFbf] xg jf kg{ . ;) lqm) k
mskms zAb ug{ jf lgsfNg . kmskmsfx6 lg) kmskmsfpg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof .
kmskmlsg c) lqm) != kmskms ug]{ xg aa kg{ . s) lqm) @= kmskms zAb lgsflng .
kmskmsL lqm) lj) kmskms kmskmstL . kmskmSofO gf) kmskmlsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmskm
Sofx6 gf) kmskmlsg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof . kmst lqm)lj) [c)] x]) kmut . kmstf
pnf] lj) [kmSs tfpnf]] sg} k|;\u gePsf] ;fljxLg sf ug]{ ubLljgfsf sf ug]{ . :qL)
kmsfO gf) [ kmsfp( cfO)] kmsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmsfOg s) lqm) kmlsg] kflg
 km:NofOg . kmsfpg ;) lqm) [kmSs cfp g] != s;}nfO{ cfgf] agfpg] k|oTg ug{ dgfpg
@= dfgl;s czflGt jf tnaNofOF x6fO{ ;fGTjgf lbg . #= s;}nfO{ nf]enfrn b]vfP cfg
f] sfo{ l;4 ug]{ k|oTg ug{ nf]Eofpg nf]edf kfg{ . $= km:Nofpg nx:ofpg . kmsfk
ms lqm) lj) [c) d") kms\ cf kms] != wdfwd kmfFsf] xfn] vfg] uL . @= kmskms zAb lgsfNg]
lsl;dn] . #= sg} sfd ;f; ug]{ rfn;Fu . > kmsfkmsL lqm) lj) kmsfkms . kmsf\g ;) lqm)
mSs cf\ g] cgf, bfld cflbsf lahnf s]nfpg jf 5f]8fpg . > kmsffO gf) kmsfg]{ lqmof j
|lqmof . kmsflg s) lqm) kmsfg]{ sfd ulg . kmsf gf) [;+)] km cIf kju{sf] bf];|f]
kmsfj6 gf) [kmsfp cfj6] kmlsg] Pj+ kmsfpg] sfd kmsfO kmSofx6 . kmlsg s) lqm) [kmsfp O
kmsfOdf klg csf{sf km:NofOFdf nfUg . kmls gf) [c) kmsL] != kfljfls jf u[x:yL wd{
fu]sf] JolQm hf]uL ;GGof;L . @= eLv dfu] hLljsf ug]{ JolQm levfL leIfs . #= Hofb} ul
JolQm lgw{g JolQm . kmlsf gf) != eLvd\uf cflbsf] ;d"x . @= hf]uL;GGof;Lsf] a6nf] .
> kmlsL gf) != kmlsn] ug]{ sfd kmlskgf . lj) @= kmls;DaGwL kmlssf] . kmsNnf] lj)
nf]] != csf{n] kmsfpg]lalQs} ljZjf;df kg]{ kmlsg] :jefjsf] . @= al4 gePsf] . kms
f}6L lj) [kmsf}6f] O{] != csf{sf] kmsfOkmNofOdf kg]{ kmlsg] (:qL) . @= nf]nf]kf]tf]
b]vfpg] r]kf] v;fdbL (:qL) . kmsf}6 ] lj) [kmsf}6f] P] != s;}nfO{ nf]enfnr b]vfP cfk"
kl tfGg] kmsfpg] sfd ug]{ . @= kmlsg] jf kmsfpg] (JolQm) . kmsf}6f] lj) [kmsfp cf}6f]
] != csf{sf kmsfOdf ljZjf;

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmsf}Lkm6km6 ug]{ kmlsg] . @= nfnf]kf]tf] b]vfpg] r]kf] v;fdbL . kmsf}L lj) [kmsfp
= kmsfpg] sfd . @= nnf}L sf] k"s, h:t} nnf}Lkmsf}L . #= kmsf}6L . kmsf} ] lj) [k
sfpg] kmsf}6] . kmsf}f] lj) [kmsfp cf}f]] kmsfOdf kg]{ kmsf}6f] . kmSs8 gf) [ kmsL]
8f ufpg] JolQm . @= kmls kmsf . bf; lj) != kmlsxsf] clego jf cg;0f ug]{ kmlsxs
tgs} cfr0f ug]{ . @= tftf]5ff] s]xL gePsf] xl66\6" . kmlSssf gf) [;+)] != zf:qfy{df s
l7g 7fpFnfO{ ;ud tNofpgsf lglDt pkl:yt ulg] k"jk { If jf k"jf{wf . @= sk6k"0f{ j
f gfd|f] Jojxf wf]sf 5n . kmSs lj) s;}sf] gfd|f] Jojxfdf nfu]sf] wf]sf jf sk6df k
]ts ] f] . kmSSofO gf) [ kmSSofp( cfO)] kmfFsf] dfg]{ lqmof . [ > ] kmSSofOg s) lqm)
kmFSofOg . kmSSofpg ;) lqm) [ > ] != kmfFsf] dfg{ kmFSofpg . @= s];f | 5fpg j
f 5f]8fpg . kmqmg c) lqm) sf]lknf k"0f{ kn] ljsl;t xg dv vn] jf p3]] | fd|L k
k|:kml6t xg . kmqmSs lqm) lj) [c) d") kmqms\ s] dsl nt jf sf]lkn}df x]sf] j:t k"
0f{ ljsl;t xg] uL k|:kml6t eP kmlqmP . kmqmGtf lj) [kmqm cGtf] kmqmg nfu]sf] kmlqm
kmqmfO gf) [ kmqm ( cfO)] kmqmg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmqmfOg s) lqm) kmqmg] kflg
 . kmqmfpg k|) ] lqm) kmqmg] kfg{ . kmlqmg c) lqm) kmqmg] sfd xg kmqmg . kmq
mf; gf) 8fFkm]sf] cfsfsf] t nfdf] tLvf] rRrf] xg], lxdfnL e]sdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] rf
] . kmSnSs lqm) lj) [c) d") kmSns\ s] sg} j:t ;xh} kmSng] rfn;Fu ;lhn};u F kmlSng]
uL . kmu6f] gf) Ps 5]plt cUnf] csf]{ 5]plt xf]rf] eO{ ;dfg kn] kfgL gk6\g] l:yltdf
Lrdf cfF7f] afFw ] cnUu} agfOPsf] ;fgf] uf] kmf]u6f] . kmut lqm) lj) [c) kmst] olQ g
} dfq s]jn vfln kmst . kmuN6f lqm) lj) [kmut] != a]sfddf ljgfsfddf Joy{ lagl;lQ . g
lagl;lQsf] sfd Joy{sf] sfd . lj) #= otf g ptfsf] lagl;lQsf] kmf];f |] . kmuL/ gf)x]
) kml0f/ . kmu]6f] gf) Ps hftsf] ;fgf] df5f]ljz]if . kmUn]6 F f]kmUNofF6f] gf) [;+)
kmns PF6f]ofF6f]] != sf7, afF; cflbsf] cfwf ePsf] jf 5lPsf] r]K6f] efu vfkf . @= b}
nfsf] bO{ kNnfdWo] Ps kNnf fsf] Ps efu . #= cGg,
848

kmn cflbnfO{ aLrdf km6fOPsf] cfwf efu . $= hfFtf], 3 cflbsf] Ps rSsf . kmlRrg c)l
qm) [kmRr] O g] kmRr] xg n]gb]g afFsL gxg . kmRr] gf) [ km5f]6 { ] != n]gb]g;DaGwL
jxf ldnfpg] sfd rStf . @= afhL fv] v]Nbf xf]sf] wg csf]{ k6s lht] ltg]{ sfd . > kmRR
fO gf) kmlRrg] tyf kmRRofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmRRofOg s) lqm) kmlRrg] kflg kmRR
ofpg nfOg . kmRRofpg ;) lqm) n]gb]g afFsL gfVg, rStf ug{ km5f{pg . kmRRofskmR
rs gf) n]gb]g ;a} rStf ug]{ sfd kmRr] . kmR5] gf) [ kmRr]] kmRr] rStf . > kmR5fO
kmRRofO . kmR5fOg s) lqm) kmRRofOg . kmR5fpg ;) lqm) kmRRofpg . kmlht gf) [c) km
hLxt] != ug{ yfn]sf] sfd c;kmn eP xg] a]r}gL x}fgL . @= sg} cfklQ cfOnfUg] cj:yf ;\s
. #= rfllqs jf lqmofTds uNtLn] ubf{ xg] abgfdL caufn . kmlhtL gf) km;fb dl:sn . k
mlh gf) laxfg . kmhn lj) [c) kmh"n] != Joy{sf] lagl;lQsf] . @= cfjZostfaflxsf] rflxg
eGbf a9L . ~ vr{ gf) rflxg]eGbf a9L vr{ xg] sfd Joy{sf] Joo lagl;lQsf] vr{ . vrL{ l
j) rflxg]eGbf a9L vr{ ug]{ lagl;lQsf] vr{ ug]{ ckJooL . km6\ gf) [;+)] != tGqzf:qcg
';f dGq;Fu} jf dGq kl9;s]kl5 elgg] zAb . @= c3dif{0f, c\uGof;, sGof; cflbsf] Ps cg'
s0fzAb . km6 gf) [;+) km6\] != kfho xf . lj) @= cnUu k'mf 5'f . km6Ss lqm) lj) [c
s\ s] != pk|m] gfg] lsl;dn] km8\sg] uL . @= sg} j:t' lgkmGbf cf}n F fn] gf\nfsf k5fl
fg]sf] zAb cfpg] u] . km6km6 lqm) lj) [c) d") km6\ c (l))] != rfr'?\uLn] kv]6f rnfpF
b lg:sg] uL e6e6 . @= kz'xn] sfg xNnfpFbf cfjfh cfPem}F of6of6 . #= sg} j:t'sf] cefj
ck|flKtdf 56kl6P lkm6lkm6L . $= nfdfnfdf km8\sf xfn] lxF8\g] lsl;dn] km6fkm6 . %= rf
F8f]rfF8f] sg} sfd ug]{ jf af]Ng] uL . > km6km6tL lqm) lj) km6km6sf] l56f] rfn;Fu .
km6km6fO gf) km6km6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km6km6fOg' s) lqm) km6km6 kflg' km6km6fp
g nfOg' . km6km6fpg' c) lqm) != rfr'?\uLn] kv]6f rnfpFbf jf ufO{a:t'n] sfg rnfpFbf
zAb lg:sg' . @= x8a8df kg'{ xtktfpg' . #= t'na'n nfUg' lkml6lkm6L x'g' . km6kml6g'

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
849

km6fkm6fsk'm6's km6\sflg' s) lqm) km6\sfg]{ sfd ulg' . km6\lsg' s) lqm) [km6\s O g']
6\sg] sfd ulg' gfl3g' . ;) lqm)c) lqm) @= km6\sg' . km6\lsL gf) [;+) :kml6sf] vNnf] P
j+ 6f]{ :jfbsf] ld;|Lh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] vlgh kbfy{ lkm6\lsL . km6\s] gf) [km6\sf] P] !=
fgfltgf vf]nfsf b'j} lsgffdf 9'u \ f cflbsf] l9:sf] p7fO{ jf :jtM p7]sf l9:sfdf sf
7x t]5f{P tg{ ;lsg] agfOPsf] ;fF3' . @= ufO{a:t'n] gfg g;Sg] dflg;rflxF pSn] km8\sg ;
Sg] uL uf}8 F fuN5]8 F fdf nufOPsf] af . #= hUufhldg, sfuhkq cflbsf] Pp6} tx eP klg
qmd 5'6\l6P x]sf] v08 jf efu lsgff 5]p . lj) $= km8\sf];DaGwL km8\s ] lxF8g \ ] km8
g]{ jf ulg] . ~ ;fF3' gf) ;fgfltgf vf]nfdf nfdfnfdf sf7 t]5f{P agfOPsf] ;fF3' km6\s]
. sf ;fIfL gf) sfuhsf 5]pdf hgfOPsf ;fIfL . km6\sf] gf) != 6f9f6f9f k}tfnf k'Ug] uL
l56l56f] lxF8b \ fsf] rfn To; k|sfsf] kfOnf]rnfO km8\sf] . @= d'6' cflbsf] b'|t ul
tsf] rfn w8\sg . #= leqL Joyfff x'g] 56k6L pFesf]{ vf] . km lqm) lj) [c) d") km6\ 6
6\sg] jf gfg] uL . @= sg} j:t' k'm6\tfsf zAb lg:s] . #= sg} sfd rfF8f]eGbf rfF8f] ulx
Ng] lsl;d;Fu . ~ km lqm) lj) qmlds kdf km x'g] uL kmf lj) [kmf6\ cf] != sg lnvt jf
{ k|efjxLg tyf a]kd | f0fsf] agfpg RoftL 2L kflPsf] km6fOPsf] . @= lkmtf{ lnOPsf] .
gf) #= k:ksf] Jojxf ldln;s]kl5 sg} sfutkq kmfg]{ jf RofTg] sfd . $= To;L RofltPsf] t
d;'s cflb sfutkq . kmfO gf) [ kml( cfO)] kmf6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmfO gf) km
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmfOg s) lqm) kmlg] kflg . kmfpg k|]) lqm) != kmlg] kfg
;) lqm) @= hf]l8Psf] jf 6fFl;Psf] j:tnfO{ clns jk kfg{ 5fpg . kmls gf)x]) kml6s
kmlg c) lqm) [kmf O g] != bf]la|Psf wftsf s8f j:t gn]lK;O{sg xg . @= lrlPsf sf7,
f cflb clns 6f9f xg . #= hldg cflb lrlP wfFhf kg{ . kmL lj) [kmf6f] O{] km6fxf kml
r lj) != kmf6]sf] nuf nufP lxF8g \ ] s]xL gePsf] tGgd . @= km6fxf :jefjsf] km6fO
{ . km6fOF gf) [kmL ofOF] != km6fOF . @= gePsf] sf e"m6 . km6fskm6s gf) [c) d") k
s] != cfsfzaf6 kmf6km6 kfgL kg]{ rfn . @= PsbO{ hgf cfpg] jf lg:sg]

c) lqm) != x8a8 xg xtkt xg . @= tnanL nfUg lkml6lkm6L kg{ . #= sg} sfdaf6 c
nUu xg vf]Hg . km6km6L lqm) lj) km6km6tL . km6km6fO gf) km6kml6g] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . km6f gf)x]) km0ff . km6fOF gf) [kmf6f] cfOF] != kmf6f] ufpg] sfd . @= km6fxf rfn w
"tt { f. km6fO gf) [ kmf6\( cfO)] kmf6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] km6fOg s) lqm) km
f6\g] kflg km6fpg nfOg . km6fpg k|) ] lqm) != kmf6\g] kfg{ kmf6\g nufpg . ;) lq
m) @= ldn]sf bO{ jf clws j:tnfO{ cnu kfg{ 56\6fpg . #= ldn]sf bO{ jf bO{eGb
f a9L JolQmdf a]d]n ufpg kmf6f] ufpg . $= RofTg kmfg{ . %= wfFbf] kfg{ lrf kfg{
. km6f6f]k gf) [;+)] != ;k{n] km0ff kmnfpg] sfd . @= ;k{n] km0ff kmnfPem}F uL cnf
O{ t;f{pg] sfd . #= b]vfj6L t8se8s cf8Da . km6fkm6 lqm) lj) [c) d") km6\ cf km6\] != nf
dfnfdf km8\sf rfNb} rfF8rfF8f] lxF8\g] uL . @= sg} sfd l56l56f] ug]{ jf af]Ng] lsl
;d;Fu . km6fxf lj) [kmf6f] cfxf] != ;fgf sfnfO{ a9fO{r9fO{ 7"nf] kfg]{ jf ePgePsf] sf
]{ . @= e"m6f] af]Ng] grflxFbf ukm xfFSg] . #= e"m6f] sfd jf Jojxfff ;f]emf;Lwf hgtfn
fO{ bMv lbg] (JolQm) . > km6fxL lj) != Joy{sf e"m6f ukm xfFSg] . @= e"m6f] af]Ng
] ;fFrf] Jojxf gug]{ (:qL) . kml6s gf) [;+) :kml6s] sfFrh:t} kfbzL{ ;]tf] kTy kmls .
6]u \ f | ] gf) [c) d") km6fs f]] pk|m ] jf km8\s ] lxF8g \ ] nfdfnfdf v6\6f ePsf]
ftsf] sLf] km6f\u|f] . km6\sg ;) lqm) [c) d") km6\ s g] != sg} cUnf] 7fpFnfO{ pk|m
km6Ss km8\sf] dfg{ . @= pOF6f jf wgff skf; wg . #= cGgx gf\nfn] lgkmGg . $= wf]
OPsf nuf em6\sfg{ To;df ePsf] kfgLsf] c+z ofFSg . %= nuf cflbdf 6fFl;Psf] w"n
f] em8\sf] ofFSg . c) lqm) ^= pk|m ] hfg km8\sf] xfNg . &= pl5lg pDsg . > km6\s
f) km6\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km6\sfOg s) lqm) km6\sg nufOg . km6\sfpg k|]) lqm
) km6\sg nufpg . km6\sf\g ;) lqm) [;+) km6\sf g] != s;}nfO{ sg} uNtL ePsf sfdf a]
 emfF6\g xKsfpg . @= leh]sf] jf w"nf] nfu]sf] nuf 6s6SofP kfgL jf w"nf] emfg{
. #= cldnf], lkf] cflbsf] :jfb kfpFbf lhe|f] ahfpg lhe|f] l56l56f] rnfpg . > km6
\sf gf) != km6sfg]{ sfd xKsfO xKsL . @= nuf 6s6Sofpg] sfd em6\sf . #= sg} sfdf lt
fn . km6\sffO gf) km6\sfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

km6fSskmofs k|lqmof . #= ;fdfGo kn] km8\sf dfg]{ sfd . lqm) lj) $= slxn]sfxLF cfsnem
sn PsbO6f dfq . km6fSs lqm) lj) [c) d") km6fs\ s] != km6\sg] jf km6\sf xfNg] uL . @=
} j:t km6\tf Ps} v]kdf cfjfh lg:s] . | ]] != km6]u \ f | ] . @= km6f\uf | ] gf) [c)
d") km6fs\ of\uf sndf l;nfOsf] wfuf] ldnfpg] khf{ . km8\sg ;) lqm) [km6\s g] km6\sg
. > km8\sfO gf) km8\sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km8\sfOg s) lqm) km8\sg nfOg . km8\s
fpg k|]) lqm) km8\sg nfpg . km8\lsg s) lqm) km6\lsg . km8\s] gf) [km8\s P] != x])
km6\s] . @= ;fIfLxsf] ;xL ePsf] td;ssf] lsgff . #= a;f]af; u]sf 7fpFb]lv 6f9f uP u
lg] sdfO jf hUuf sdfpg] sfd . km8\sf] gf) [km8\s cf]] != km6\sf] . @= d"R5f{ kg]{ Ps
f]u hf] jf cGo sg} f]uaf6 gftfut eP xg] efpGg . km0fkm0ff gf) [;+)] sYo) kmF8f kl
jz]if hfltsf ;k{sf] xif{n] jf qmf]wn] kms] 5ftfh:tf] ag]sf] lzsf] efu km6f . kml0f g
f) [;+) kmn]Gb|] != kmFl8 kmlnF6 hfdg kmuL/ . km0fL gf) [;+)] km0ff kmnfpg] Ps hft
sf] ;k{ . km0fLGb| gf) [;+)] != z]ifgfu . @= 7"nf] ;k{ . km0fLdv gf) [;+)] 6Kkf]
r]K6f] wflnf] ePsf] vGg] sfddf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] kmnfd] ;fwg un vGtL . kmtSs lqm) lj
[c) d") kmts\ s] != Hofbf kfs] jf un] lunf] xg] lsl;dn] . @= kl>dn] Hofb} ylst eP .
kmtkmt gf) [c) d") kmt\ c(l))] != cnfO{ emsf]{ nfUg] jf dg gkg]{ uL pxL sf afDaf bf
] lqmof srsr ugug . @= s;}n] ;g] klg g;g] klg hjfkm lbP klg glbP klg Psf]xf]f] af
]lnxg] sf kmtkmt . lqm) lj) #= dflyaf6 lunf] j:t embf{ zAb lg:sg] lsl;dn] . $= v"a;F
kmTsg] uL . %= Hofbf kfs] jf un] afaf emg]{ ub}{ . > kmtkmtfO gf) kmtkmtfpg] lqmof j
k|lqmof . kmtkmtfOg s) lqm) kmtkmtfpg nfOg . kmtkmtfpg c) lqm) cnfO{ emsf]{ nfU
g] uL jf dg gkg]{ uL afaf pxL sf] bf]xf]ofpg ugug ug{ srsr ug{ kmtkmt ug{ .
lj) cem} kmtkmt u] jf eP . kmtkmt] lj) kmtkmt ug]{ ugug] srsr] . kmtkmt lqm) lj) [
kmt\ c (l))] kmtkmt . kmtlg c) lqm) [kmtf] O g] != csf{nfO{ emsf]{ nfUg] uL grflxF
. @= kmtkmtfpg . > kmt] lj) != kmtkmt ug]{ ugug] srsr] . gf) @= ;;fgf kft xg], s]6
s]6Ln] kft nk]6] ;gO{em}F ahfpg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . kmtf] lj) kmtkmt sf ug]{ csf{nfO{
]{ nfUg] uL
850

af]lnxg] . kmtsf]{ gf) kmtkmt ug]{ lasfd] sf (ttsf]{;Fu hf]l8P cfpg]) . kmtofO gf)
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmtofOg s) lqm) kmtlg nfOg kmtlg] kflg . kmtofpg k|) ]
kmtlg nfpg kmtlg] kfg{ . kmtn\g ;) lqm) [kmfp tn g] != lunf] jf vf]n] j:tdf kfgL
] x8 F Ng . @= kmfpg km]6g \  kmfF8g \  . > kmtnfO gf) kmtNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. kmtnfOg s) lqm) kmtNg nfOg kmtNg] kflg . kmtlng s) lqm) kmtNg] sfd ulg . kmtfF
gf) [g]jf)] 3n]ssf] sddf ufF7f] kfbf{ bf]la|Psf] 7fpFdf vfN6f] kL k]6df uf]hLh:tf]
aGg], s]xL ;fdfg fVg xg] 7fpF vf]lsnf] . kmt gf) [c) kmt"] csf{nfO{ nufOg] lagl;l
Qsf] bf]if gePsf] cff]k km]a kmtf] kmQ/ . kmtf] lj) [ kmtf]] kmtf] kmtkmt]
tf}f] P] kmtf] kmtf] . kmtf}f] lj) [ kmtf]] kmtf] kmtkmt] . kmTsg c) lqm) [c)
, vf]n] cflb kmtkmt u] 58\sg kmlTsg . > kmTsfO gf) kmTsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmTsf
Og s) lqm) kmTsg] kflg . kmTsfpg k|) ] lqm) kmTsg] kfg{ . kmlTsg c) lqm) kmtkmt
u] plDng jf kflsg . kmTsf] gf) Psrf]l6sf] kmTsfO kmTsg] sfd . kmQ lqm) lj) [c) d")
kmt\ t] sg} un]sf] j:t emg]{ jf v:g] To;L embf{ jf v:tf cfjfh cfpg] uL . kmQnkmfF8f
] gf) Hofb} kfs]/ kmfF8f]h:t} ePsf] cj:yf . kmQ gf) [c) kmtxL] k|foM afxnf gxg
] Ps k|sfsf] ef]6f] jf bf}f . kmQ/ gf)x]) kmt/ . kmQ]kmTo gf) [c) kmtx] != sg} sfdd
ePsf] ;kmntf jf l;l4 . @= sg} k|ltlGtf jf sfo{ljz]ifsf] ljho . d'afs gf) ;kmntfdf a
fO . kmTofsk'mt's lqm) lj) [c) d") kmt\ > kmTofs\ c(l)) != a9L dfqfdf kfSg] jf uNg]
uL . @= un] jf ;8] emg]{ lsl;dn] uNofslulns . kmqs gf) [c) d") kmqs\ c] sg} ;fgfltgf
'sf v;fOsf] rfn . ~ kmqs lqm) lj) To:tf] j:t' k6s k6s u] e'O{Fdf v:g] uL . > kmqSs lq
) lj) != sg} j:t' Ps} v]k la:tf} v:g] uL . @= zL jf xftuf]8f rnfpg gx'g] uL un] n:t
lsl;dn] . kmofs gf) [c) d") kmqs\ > kmofs\ c] 56k6L jf b'vfOn] pk|mg] rfn . ~ kmofs
) lj) != ;fx|} si6 kbf{ ;xg g;Sgfn] prflnFb } k5flFb} eP . @= sg} sfdsf] b[9 lgZro u
g{ g;sL o;f] ls p;f] uF x'g] rfn;Fu . #=

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
851

kmTNofskmfs :yfoL kn] Aofh cfpg] uL Aof\s cflbdf ;l~rt ulPsf] wg k'FhL . kmGbf gf)
kmGb] != kf;f] aGwg cNemf] . @= 5nsk6 wf]sf . ~ 6fFsf gf) n'uf l;pFbf 7fpF7fpFdf ldn
fpgsf lglDt v'l6g] l;nfO{sf] 6fFsf . kmo6f gf) cf}Fnfhqf] x'g] Ps hftsf] df5f] .
kmon lj) [k|f) kon, koNn < ;+) k|s6] != km}lnFb} uPsf] lkmFlhPsf] k}mn . @= rf}lt xNn
fvNnf dlRrPsf] ;a}lt k|rf ePsf] (va, sf] cflb) . F sf] gldNbf] x'g] :jk kms gf) [c
!= sg} j:t';u jf ljifdtf leGgtf kfy{So . @= cGt 6f9f b"L . lj) #= b'O6f j:t'df Pp6f
ck]Iff csf]{ leGg} vfnsf] cnu a]Unf] . kmSs lqm) lj) [c) d") kms\ s] em jf PsfPs kms
uL k'Ugf;fy kms{g] lsl;dn] . kmhL gf [kmf) kmhLg] != a'l4rfnsf] v]ndf dGqL x'g] uf]6
L . @= e'm6f] (dt) . kmkm lqm) lj) [c) d") km\ c( l))< ;+) :k'm0f] != sk8f, sfuh cflb
n] xNnfpg] uL . @= zLsf] sg} c+z jf efu k'mg]{ lsl;dn] :k'm0f x'g] rfnl;t . #= Wjh b
f 6fFluPsf] emG8f xfjfdf xNng] lsl;dn] . > kmkmtL lqm) lj) kmkm kmkmL . kmkmfO g
qmof jf k|lqmof . kmkmfOg' s) lqm) kmkmfpg nfOg' kmkmfpg] kflg' . kmkmfpFbf] lj
kmkm ulxg] (emG8f) . @= cf]afgf] a'a'fpFbf] (eft) . kmkmfpg' c) lqm) != xfjfn] s
cflb xNng' kmkm u] rNg' . @= zLsf] sg} c+z k'mg'{ c\u :k'm0f x'g' . #= emG8f km
x6 gf) kmkm ug]{ efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof . kmkmL lqm) lj) cem l56f] kmkm x'Fb}
kmkm] lj) != kmkm u] xNng] kmkmfOxg] . @= kmkm ug]{, kmkmfpg] . #= kmskmsfpF
'm;df kqx hf]l8Psf] ;fgf] k':ts 7f;k'm . kmkmfv gf) [(l)) kmfv] n]gb]gsf] lx;fa afF
] uL kml5{g] sfd lng'lbg' jf a'emfOg'kg]{ sfsf] ;a} r'StL . kma/L gf)x]) k]ma|'c/L .
mfF;! gf) [c\) nz] qmd}n] tLgtLg rSsL afF8] v]lng], tf;sf] Ps v]n . kmfF;@ gf)x]) k
. vfgf gf) km/f;vfgf . kmfO gf) [ km\( cfO)] kmfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmfOg
m) kmfg]{ kflg kmfg{ nfOg . kmfpg k|) ] lqm) kmfg{ nfpg kmfg]{ kfg{ . kmfs! lj)
) kmflu] != cnu leGg . @= sg} ljifoaf6

l;ls:t eP jf uf]nL cflb nfu] dflg; jf cGo k|f0fL d0ff;Gg l:yltdf kUbf 56k6fpg] uL .
kmqs lqm) lj) != yf]yf]} pk|mg] uL . @= pk|mLpk|mL v]Ng] rfn;Fu . > kmofSs lqm)
!= sg} j:t eOd F{ f Ps} v]kdf la:tf} v:g] uL . @= kl>dn] zL ylst xg] lsl;dn] . #=
} j:t emg]{ l:yltdf un] kUg] uL . kmTNofs gf) [c) d")] kfgLdf sg} rLh v:tf cfjfh c
fpg] rfn . kmTns lqm) lj) != kfgLdf ;;fgf df5f pk|mg] lsl;dn] . @= kfgLdf dl;gf
luvf{, u]8f cflb v:tf cfjfh cfOxg] uL . > kmTNofSs lqm) lj) kfgLdf Ps} rf]l6 cfjfh
cfpg] uL 7"nf] df5f cflb pk|]m jf sg} ux|f}F j:t v;] . kmgSs lqm) lj) [c) d") kmg\
> kmgs\ s] != sg} j:t j]un] 3Dg] jf 3dfpg] uL . @= qmf]w jf l;n] emgSs xg] lsl;dn
] . #= Psf]xf]f] ultn] uOx]sf] j:t jf JolQm PsfPs kmls{P . kmgkmg lqm) lj) [c) d")
kmg\ c(l))] != sg} j:t j]un] 3Dg] jf 3dfpg] uL . @= qmf]w jf l;n] cfsn xg] lsl;dn]
. > kmgkmgtL lqm) lj) cem} tLj| kmgkmg kmgkmgL . kmgkmgfO gf) kmgkmgfpg] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . kmgkmgfOg c) lqm) kmgkmgL 3ldg kmgkmgfpg] xg . kmgkmgfpg c) lqm) !=
kmgkmg ug]{ xg kmgkmg 3Dg l\g . @= Hofb} l;fpg ;Gsg . kmgkmgfx6 gf) kmgkmgfpg
fj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . kmgkmlgg c) lqm) kmgkmgfOg . > kmgkmgL lqm) lj) kmgk
mg kmgkmgtL . kmgkmg] lj) kmgkmg 3Dg] kmGsg] . kmgkmGofO gf) kmgkmlgg] lqmof jf k|l
qmof . kmgkmGofx6 gf) kmgkmlgg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmg]n gf) [;+) kmn]Gb|] 6f]{ cld
Nrf] :jfb xg] Ps k|sfsf] kmn kmFl8 . kmGsg c) lqm) [c) d") kmgs\ g] l;n] cfsn eP
a6fg{ l; b]vfpg . > kmGsfO gf) kmGsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmGsfOg ;) lqm) kmGsg n
fOg kmGsg] kflg . kmGsfpg k|) ] lqm) kmGsg nfpg kmGsg] kfg{ . kmGsfkmGsL gf) k:k
kmGsg] sfd . kmlGsg c) lqm) kmGsg] xf]Og kmGsg . kmGs] lj) kmGsg] :jefjsf] l;fxf
. kmGsf] gf) != Ps k6ssf] 3dfO 3dfOsf] kllw jf km]f] . @= Ps 7fpFaf6 lxF8] 3Db} km
]l To;} 7fpFdf cfOkUg] sfd km]f] . #= kmGsg] rfn l; . kmGSofO gf) kmlGsg] lqmof jf k
lqmof . kmGSofx6 gf) kmlGsg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof kmGSofO . kmG6; lj) [c\) km
]G6fl:6s] sfd g sfhsf] ;fFrf] sf klg gug],{ c;n sfd klg gug]{ (JolQm) . kmG8 gf) [c\)
] sg} ljz]if sfdsfsf lglDt 5fOPsf],

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmfskm{ lgj[Q ePsf] st{Jo k"f uL 5L kfPsf] (h:tf] wd{kmfs) . kmfs@ lj) [kmf) km
Dd km}lnPsf] lj:t[t kmflsnf] . @= rf}8f . kmfst gf) [c) kmfut] != sg} aGwg jf k|ltaG
6 56sff dlQm . @= sg} zf]s;tf{ geO{ lgl:kmqmL xg] l:ylt lglZrGttf . kmflsnf] lj)
kmfs Onf]] w]} kmfs ePsf] rf}lt km}lnPsf] lj:t[t . kmf lj) [c) kmf{] != lutf
t kn] efu]sf] nsLl5kL a;]sf] . @= sg} ckfw u] a]kQf ePsf] knflot (ckfwL) . kmf;
mf{z] la5fpgf;DaGwL sfd ug]{ gf]s km/fF; . vfgf gf) la5fpgf c cf;g fVg] Pj+ tT;
ug]{ cf . kmfl;nf] lj) [kmf) kmfv Onf]] != xFl;nf] dv nufP dL7f] af]nL af]Ng] ;dw
nLjrg ug]{ . @= :ki6jQmf ;fFrf] af]Ng] . #= pbf :jefjsf] . :qL) kmfl;nL . kmf;L gf) u
fpgsf kdf kmlofsf kdf k|of]u ulg] Ps vfnsf] sk8f . kmfxf gf) OlhK6 b]zsf lk/fld8 ag
] k|frLg zf;s . kmlsf] gf) 5fk|f], uf]7, s6]f] cflbdf xflng] afF;sf lemqmf, lrqf cf
lbsf] 9f]sf kmlnsf] . { x]) kmf;]{ . kmlkmf5] { kmlkmf;] { gf) [kmf) kmflu kmf;]] kml
) [k|f) kmlnc] :qLxn] sDdb]lv uf]nLufF7f;Dd 9fSg] uL nufOg], cufl8 dfl:tkl 3dfP sfFw
f jf lzdf 9fSg] wf]tLljz]if . sf] gftf;flxg gf) != :jf:gL jf cfOdfO{ltsf] ;DaGw . @
= To;} hlofn] bhf{ jf wg kfpFbf elgg] x]nfsf] af]nL . km?O{ gf) [lx);+) :kml/tf] l
;f}nf e6] jf k"mn p7fP agfOPsf] v6\6] . km?jf gf) [lx) kmfj8f] 7"nf] kmfFr ePsf] nf
df] laF8 xfnL p7Lp7L vGg xg] ljz]if vfnsf] sf]bfnf] rk/f . km]kkm]a gf) [kmf) lkm]a]
!= cgfxsdf jf ljgfs;" nufOPsf] bf]if kmQ cff]k . @= 5nsk6 hfnem]n . > km/]kLkm]aL
km]a nfpg] kmQ nufpg] . @= hfnem]n ug]{ 5nsk6 ug]{ . #= km6fxf asDkm; . kms{g c)
[c) d") kms\ g] != uOx]sf] af6faf6 km]l k5fl8 cfpg k|Tofudg ug{ . @= Psfklaf6 csf{
l kN6g jf n]lK;P a;]sf] j:t pN6f] xg plN6g . #= uld;s]sf] j:t km]l xft nfUg
. $= Ps lbzfaf6 csf]{ lbzftkm{ dv nfpg . %= Ps sf]N6]af6 csf]{ sf]N6] xg . >
kmsf{O gf) kms{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmsf{Og s) lqm)
852

kms{g nfOg . kmsf{pg k|]) lqm) kms{g nfpg . kmls{g c) lqm) kms{g lkmg{ . kml5
{g c) lqm) [km5] { g] n]gb]g, vlblaqmL cflbsf] lx;fa rlStg x]) kml;{g . > km5f{O
f) kml5{g] jf km5f{pg] lqmofk|lqmof . km5f{Og s) lqm) km:of{Og . km5f{pg ;) lqm) k
m:of{pg . km5f]6 { km5f}6 { gf) [kml5{ of]6of}6] km5f{pg] sfd n]gb]gsf] Jojxf ldn
d l5gfkmfgf ug]{ sfd . kmb{kmbf{ gf) [c) kmb{] != sfuh, sk8f cflbsf] ;Unf] jf cnu 6
qmf . @= kNnf . #= kq tx . $= sg} sf] n]lvPsf] nfdf] sfut . lj) %= Psnf] Ps dfq .
kmlg{r gf) [c\)] sf7 Pj+ kmnfd cflbaf6 aGg] jf ag]sf d]r, 6]an, bfh cflb ;fdfg . km
d{ gf) [c\)] sg} lglZrt nIo xfl;n ug{sf lgldQ :yfkgf ulPsf] Jofkfls ;+:yf . ] df Ps k
6sdf 5flkg] sfuhsf] kmdf{! gf) [c\) kmd{] != k|; l;\uf] tfp jf sDkf]h ePsf 6fOkxsf]
lj:tf . @= 9fFrf . kmdf{@ gf) [c\) k|m ] d] hQfdf sfF6L cflb 7f]Sgkbf{ hQfnfO{ c
NemfP fVg] rfkfFr rf];f k]sf] kmnfd] cf}hf . kmdf{# gf) 9nfg ug{ pEofOPsf] cfwf9fF
df{O gf) [ kmdf{p( cfO)] kmdf{pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmdf{Og s) lqm) != c
f1f lbOg cx|fOg . @= kmdf{O; ulg . kmdf{O; gf) [kmf) kmdfOz] != rfxgfcg;fsf] sg}
:t Nofpg jf agfpgsf lglDt s;}nfO{ lbOg] cf1f jf cx|f]6 kmdf{o; . @= kmdf{P ulPsf]
To:tf] sg} vf; sf] jf j:t . #= kmdf{pg] sfd . > kmdf{O;L lj) != ljz]if lsl;dn] cf1f
lbP dufOPsf] jf tof ufOPsf] . @= ljz]if lsl;dsf] c;n pDbf . kmdf{pg ;) lqm) [kmdf{O
] != sg} j:t jf rLh Nofpg jf agfpgsf lglDt cf1f lbg cx|fpg . @= ljz]if lsl;dn]
agfpg nufpg, kmdf{O; ug{ . #= gePsf sf agfpg . kmdf{g gf) [kmf) kmdfg] fhsLo cf1f
kq (h:t} zfxL kmdfg) . kmdf{o; gf)x]) kmdf{O; . kmd{nf gf) [c\)] ;"q . kmofskm?s l
lj) [c) d") (l))km?s\ c] v;L jf xif{n] kmtL{;fy otfplt lxF8\g] uL OR5f nfu]sf] 7f
pFdf hfg tyf rfx]sf] j:t nfpg kfpg] cflb dfOnf]n] kmls{P hfFu b]vfpFb} . kmofSnf] g
f) [ef]) a)] lnDa" hfltdf cfzf}rsf ;DaGwdf z4zflGt ug]{ wfld{s ljlw . km{ lqm) l
j) [c) d") km\ ] != sfuh, sk8f cflb

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
853

kmn{Sskmnfpg ulPsf sd{sf] o; hGddf o; hGddf ulPsf sd{sf] khGddf ef]Ugkg]{ bMv jf
;v . $= cfgf an, al4 Pj+ kl>daf6 k|fKt xg] pknlAw . %= ul0ftsf k|lqmofaf6 k|fKt
c\s pQ . ^= p2]Zo k|of]hg . &= af0f, efnf cflbsf] cluNnf] efu . *= c08sf]z cfF8f . >
kmns gf) != 8f]nf] sf7 lr] tof ulPsf] kftnf] jf r]K6f] j:t kmn]s . @= lkl7pFb]lv tN
f] lkmnfb]lv dflyNnf] efudf x]sf] zLsf] c+z lgtDa rfs . #= sfuh, sk8f cflbsf] kq jf
fp . $= o4sf ;dodf ;]gf cflbn] 5ftLdf leg]{ j:t 9fn . %= xTs]nf] . ~ sk gf) s\sf]
n jgsk . tM lqm) lj) kmn:jk kl0ffd:jk kl0ffdtM . bfg gf) sGGofkIfaf6 jkIfsf
snfO{ sg} ze dxt " d { f ljjfxsf] lgZro ubf{ kmnk"mn, hg};kfL cflb lbOg] k|frLg
ljjfxk4ltsf] Ps Llt . bf lj) n6Dd kmnx nfu]sf] kmnoQm . ~ k|flKt gf) ceLi6 nIosf
fo{ljz]ifaf6 k|fKt ;kmntf . kmn gf) != kmnxsf] ;dbfo . @= kmn kmn;dfgsf j:txsf]
;d"x . #= kmn / k"mnsf] ;dbfo . d"n gf) v jf nxfdf kmNg] sGbd"n . ~ df; gf) xf8 ge
Psf] df; Xofsnf] jf lkmnfsf] df; . jQf gf) kmnk|flKt kmn;lxt xgfsf] l:ylt nfeoQm
cj:yf . jfg\ lj) != kmn ePsf] kmnoQm . @= kmn af]ss ] f] kmn k|fKt u]sf] . > l t
) sg} sfd ubf{ jf :tf]q cflb kf7 ubf{ kfOg] kmnsf] lj:t[t jf ;\lIfKt dlxdf ;Tsd{sf]
kmn atfpg] jfSo . ~ :tlt gf) sg} ;Tsd{ ug{ jf ceLi6 kmn k|fKt ugf{sf lglDt ufOg]
jf kf7 ulg] b]jb]jtfxsf] dlxdfsf] j0f{g ePsf] ljifo jf ;f];DaGwdf ufOg] dlxdfufg
. xLg lj) kmnlxt lgikmn ljkmn . kmnfF6 gf) s6;sf 5fF6sf kmn kmNg], ;;fgf kft xg],
lnof] ux|f}F sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] v . kmnfF;L gf) [kmfnL ofF;L] sf7 cflb vf]k] Kjfn kfg
]{ Ps k|sfsf] fdf]h:tf] kmnfd] xltof . kmnfO gf) [ kmn( ofO)] != kmNg] jf kmn nfUg] lq
of jf k|lqmof . @= kmNg] jf rfdn cflb kmn] ;kmf kfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] kmnfOg
 s) lqm) != kmn nfUg] kflg kmNg] ufOg . @= kmNg nufOg rfdn cflb l9sLdf s6fOg jf
aofF, e; cflb lgvflg . kmnfOnf] lj) [kmn cfOnf]] kmNg] jf kmn nfUg] u0f ePsf] kmnf
? vfnsf] . kmnfO{ gf) [c\)] kfOG6sf] cufl8kl km:gsf] ;f 6fFs fVg] 7fpF . afnf gf)
sf] kmnfO{df x]sf 6fFs 6fFs3;d]tnfO{ 5f]Kg] cfj0f . kmnfpg k|]) lqm) [kmn\ cfp g] !
mn nfUg] kfg{ kmNg]

xfjfsf rfkdf k] Ps} v]kdf xNng] uL . @= jlkl afFw]sf] sk8f PSsfl; kmSg] uL . #= kIfL
Ps} aflh p8\bf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . $= tftf] t]ndf ksfOPsf] f]6L kmNg] jf plS;g
] uL . %= zLsf c\ux PsfPs kmg]{ eP . kmn{Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") kmn{s \ s] != Psflt
f] j:t csf{lt kN6g] jf kms{g] uL kn{Ss . @= bO{ kmUn]6 F f kmsnSs 5lg] lsl;dn] .
kmn{\ gf) [c\) kmnf{u \ ] hldg gfKg] c\uh ]| L gfk dfOnsf] cf7f}F efu . km;{ gf) [c
kmz{] != kSsf uL agfOPsf] ;dy eO{F jf hldg . @= la5fpgf cf]5fg . km;f{ gf) [;+) kz
]K6f] tLvf] dv ePsf] kfgf] vfnsf] aGrf] s7f . kml;{g c) lqm) [kml;{ O g] != n]g
wL Jojxf jf xlx;fa l5gf]kmfgf] xg kml5{g kmf;]{ xg . @= sg} sfd sf] ;dfKt xg
 . \ fkl lkFwkl YofKrf] k]sf] km;L{ gf) [g]jf) kml;] e]6g 306sf 5fF6sf], kx]Fnf] k
mn kmNg], 8Nn] sleG8feGbf 7"nf], tsf{L vfOg] Ps hftsf] nx] kmn . km;]{ lj) [km;L{ P]
km;L{sf 5fF6sf] km;L{h:tf] . ~ cfFk gf) 7"n7"nf bfgf xg], leq kfs]sf km;L{sf] h:t
f] Pj+ pl;g]sf km;L{sf] h:tf] kmskms k]sf] ubL xg] Ps hftsf] cfFk . ~ rfs gf) km;
L{h:tf] 7"nf], afSnf] rfs . ~ nxf] gf) km;L{sf h:tf km;|f j[Qfsf kft xg] km;L{s}
h:tf cfFVnfcfFVnfaf6 xfFuf xfNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . nf lj) ldng;f/ . km:of{O gf) [ kml
{( ofO)] kml;{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] km:of{Og s) lqm) kml;{g] kflg, rSTofOg
km5f{Og . km:of{pg ;) lqm) != n]gb]g;DaGwL lx;fa l5gf]kmfgf] ug{ km:of}{6 ug{ km
f;]{ ug{ . k|]) lqm) @= kml;{g] kfg{ . km:of] { 6 km:of} { 6 gf) [ kmf;] { of]
6 of} 6 ] n] g b] g jf vlblaqmL;DaGwL xlx;fa rStf ug]{ sfd l5gfkmfgf km5f]{6 . kmn\
;) lqm) [;+) kmfn\ g] l9sL Pj+ cf]vndf rfdn, dNv, sf]bf] cflb s6] ;kmf ug{ e;, la
ofF cflb lgvfg{ . kmn\g@ c) lqm) [;+) kmn\ g] != af]6, la?jf, ntfnxf cflbdf kmn nfU
g kmn lg:sg . @= pTkGg xg k}bf xg . #= l;4 xg ;kmn xg . kmn gf) [;+)] != C
tsfncg;f v, nxf cflbdf klxn] k"mn kmNg] kl5 ltg} k"mn;Fu ;Da4 eP lg:sL ljsl;t xg
] af]qmf, ubL aLhn] oQm j:t . @= sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf] kl0ffd glthf nfe . #= wfld{s l
jZjf;cg;f k"jh { Gddf

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmnfs\gkm;Ss ufpg . @= kmNg nfpg rfdn cflb l9sLdf s6fpg . kmnfs\g c) lqm) [kmnf
!= 7"nf] :jn] w]} sf] eGg rflxg]eGbf a9L af]Ng e6fpg . @= s;}nfO{ ;fk] ufnL ug
wfdLemfFqmL cflbn] hf]vgf x]] u|xbzf cflb atfpg . > kmnfsfO gf) kmnfSg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . kmnfsf\Iff gf) [;+)] kmn k|fKt ug]{ cfzf kmnk|flKtsf] OR5f . kmnflsg c) l
qm) [kmnfs\ O g] kmnfSg] sfd ulg w] af]lng e6fOg . kmnfsf] gf) [kmnfs cf]] != 7"n
elgPsf] jf af]lnPsf] sf] e6fO . @= s;}nfO{ ;fk] ulPsf] ufnL ;Qf] g ;fk . #= 7"nf]
. $= noa4 ;fd"lxs :j gff . kmnfud gf) [;+)] b[Zo jf >Jo sfJosf cGtdf ;\3if{ ;lsP k|f
t xg] ze jf cze kmn kmnk|flKtsf] l:ylt . kmnfl6g gf) [c\) nfg]n] Ps lsl;dsf] ejf
bf, Gofgf] gd vfnsf] sk8f . kmnfb]z gf) [;+)] u|xultcg;f zefze kmn atfpg] sfo{ .
kmnfgL ;j{) [kmnfgf] O{] kmnfgfsf] :qLk cds l9:sfgL . kmnfgkmnfgf] ;j{) [c) kmnfF]
L xf] egL lgZro jf ls6fg gePsf] j:t jf JolQm cds l9:sfgf] . kmnfd gf) sfnf] sf] ;f
|f], ljleGg k|sfsf c:q, xltof, efF8fsF8f, oGq cflb agfOg], ckfbzL{ Ps k|l;4 vlgh wft
 nf]xf nf}x . ~ sfF8] gf) lgajfsf h:tf t ;fgf kft xg], 3fF;;]pnfsf] sfddf cfpg] Ps
sfF8]bf v . sf] ux gf) sL6 . ~ vfgL gf) kmnfd ePsf] 7fpF jf kxf] . kmnfd] lj) [
fd P] kmnfdsf] kmnfdaf6 ag]sf] kmnfd;DaGwL . ~ s;L{ gf) kmnfdaf6 tof ePsf] d]r . ~ ef
F8f] gf) kmnfdaf6 tof ePsf] efF8f] . kmnflngkmnfn]g gf) [c\) nfg]n] x]) kmnfl6g . kmn
nf] lj) [kmn cfnf]] kmn (u]8f) gelPsf] yf]tf] kmf];f |] (afnf, 3f]uf], sf];f] cflb) .
kmnfjf gf) g]kfnsf] ;Nofg lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps k|frLg fHo . kmnfxf gf) [;+)] != j|t lnFbf
jf j|t a:tf vfOg] kmnk"mn, sGbd"n cflbsf] vfgf . @= f]k] xjif{ kmNg] sfFr} klg vfg
xg] d]wfjw{s Pj+ ;kfRo j:t . > kmnfxfL lj) kmnk"mn Pj+ sGbd"nsf] cfxff ug]{ cGg g
vfg] . kmlnsf] gf)x]) kml/sf] . kmlnt lj) [;+)] != kmn nfu]sf] kmn]sf] . @= ;kmn eP
sf] l;l4 ldn]sf] . ~ Hof]ltif gf) u|xgIfqsf l:yltsf cfwfdf ze tyf cze kmn atfpg]
Hof]ltifsf] Ps c\u .
854

kmlng c) lqm) [kmn\ O g] != kmn nflug . s) lqm) @= l9sLdf rfdn cflb kmNg] sfd ulg
. kmlnkmfk gf) [kmnL kmfk] != fd|L kmfKg] jf ;k|g] sfd sg} j:t kmNbf jf sg} sfd ubf{
L nfek|b xg] l:ylt . @= ;Aa]kmfAa] lbgbzfsf] ;wf . #= cgj"mntf pGglt . kmlnof] g
f) [;+) kmns] != n]Vg] sf7 cflbsf] kf6L wnf}6f] . @= kmn]s . kmlnnf] gf) [;+) kmn O
nf]] kmn nfu]sf] kmnfOnf] . kmnL! gf) [;+) kmfn] sf7sf kmn]s cflb vs {] lrNnf] kfg
]{ Ps k|sfsf] wflnf] xltof Gbfdf nufOg] kmfnL Gbfsf] wf . kmnL@ lj) [;+)] kmn nfu]
Qm kmnjfg\ . e"t lj) kmn jf kl0ffd k|ToIf ePsf] kmlnt . kmnLz gf) [;+)] kLknsf h:tf
kft xg,] ;]tf] k"mn kmNg] tyf ;fx|f] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] v sf7]kLkn . kmnjf lj) [
kmn\ pjf] != fd|f];Fu kmn nfUg], emKkfsf kmKkf kmn kmNg] . @= l9sL, cf]vnL cflbdf
rfdn cflb fd|L kmlnPsf] jf e;, laofF cflb lgvflPsf] . kmn]s gf) [;+) kmns] 8f]nf]
jf l;\uf] sf7 lrfgL u] r]K6f], kftnf] rf}8f kfL tfl5Psf] 6qmf] kmNofs . kmn]bf] g
n7"nf kft xg], ftf] k"mn kmNg] l;dLsf h:tf sf];f nfUg], leq km:s]Onf] sf7 xg]
aflx sfF8}sfF8f xg] Ps hftsf] v . (vs Lsf bfk agfpg pkoQm sf7) . kmn}rf [;+) kmns
r] 3sf] bnfgdf af6f3f6fsf rf}tff cflbdf w]} dflg; c8]; nfu] a:g, ;:tfpg xg] uL agf
Psf] kmn]ssf] cf;g . kmnf]bo gf) [;+)] != kmnsf] pbo kmn b]vf kg]{ jf nfUg] cj:yf
. @= sg} sfo{ljz]ifsf] kmnk|flKt . kmnf]Bfg gf) [;+)] of]hgfa4 tlsfaf6 nufOPsf] kmn
sf] au}Frf afujfgLs]Gb| . kmNsf]g]6 gf) [c\)] g]kfnsf] lrtjg lhNnf To;sf 5]p5fpdf k
fOg], ;+;fsf] ;aeGbf ;fgf] rf] . kmNu lj) [;+)] != ;f gePsf] lg:;f kmf];|f], vf]:6f
gf) @= uof tLy{sf] Ps k|l;4 gbL . kmNofs gf)x]) kmn]s . km;\g c) lqm) [;+) kfz g]
!= kf;f]df kg{ hfndf cNemg . @= wf]sf jf 5nsk6df kg{ . #= hl6n ;d:ofdf kg{ kmG
bfdf kg{ . $= csf{sf n}n}df nfUg kmlsg . %= vfa cfr0fdf nfUg . ^= cNemg c8\sg
. &= sg} nf]Ug]dfG5] cfOdfO{sf aLr of}g ;DaGw xg . *= wl;g efl;g . km;Ss lqm) l
j) [c) d") km;s\ s] != xfjf elPsf] j:t km:sg] uL km:; . #= afFlwPsf] kfn cflbsf] d
7f] jf la6f] kml:sg] uL .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
855

km;km;kmfFr km:ofs gf) [c) d") km:ofs\ c] km:sfOsf] rfn . k m ; s lqm) lj) != ;fgf
ltgf j:tdf aGb x]sf] xfjf clncln ub}{ km:sg] uL . @= xnsf] ufF7f] km:sg] jf km:
sf] j:t v:g] rfn;Fu . > km:ofSs lqm) lj) sg} km:sf] j:t km6\g] jf afFlwPsf] j:t
 km:sg] uL . km:ofkm; gf) [c) d") km:of\ c(l))] != jksf grflxFbf sf u] cndN
kmsfpg] jf jzdf kfg]{ rfn . #= ;fxLg sfdsf] . $= ;fgfltgf dfndQf vofsvqs . lqm) lj)
%= sg} sfd xtf/xtf/ u/]/ ;fdfGo kn] 6\Uofpg] u/L sg} sfdsf] cfpg] To;} xfpg] eP
of]n gf) k|z:t yk}| km;]n . kmxfO gf) [ kmxfp( cfO)] != kmxfpg] jf g, sfF8f cflbn
lqmofk|lqmof . @= kmx/fpg] jf km/km/fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] kmxfOg s) lqm) != kmxf
pg] jf g, sfF8f cflbn] sf]g{] sfd ulg . @= kmxfpg] jf kmkmfpg] sfd ulg . kmxfpg!
qm) [km cfp g] g, sfF8f cflbn] cln cln sf]g{ lryf]g{ bkmofpg . kmxfpg@ ;) lqm
mkmfpg . kmxfx6 gf) [kmxfp cfx6] kmxfpg] jf bkmofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof kmxfO
mNg] sfd ldNsfO (afnaf]nLdf) . kmfFs \ g ;) lqm) [kmfFs g] dvdf lrpf, rfdn, v] cflb
f] kmfFs dfg{ kmfFsf] xfNg . kmfFs gf) [ kmfFsf]] != dvel xflng] lrpf, v] cflbsf]
s k6ssf] ufF; . @= dvdf xflng] ;tL{ jf v}gLsf] Ps k6ssf] c+z . ~ d 7 L gf) yf]a
xt e6]s6]sf] vfg] sf] jf u]8fu8L dfUg] cflbnfO{ lbOg] k;e jf d7Lesf] cGg . kmfF
c) lqm) != cnfO{ dg k] klg gk] klg cl3 cl3 ;] sf] ug{ . @= w]} hfGg]h:tf] eP at
lsg@ s) lqm) [kmfFs\ O g] v], rfdn cflbsf] kmfFsf] xflng kmfFsf] dflg . kmfFsL gf)
+) kmSs] != no jf 5Gbsf] cfwfdf uLt, Znf]s cflbsf] efu jf v08 r0f . @= zAbsf cufl8
jf k5fl8 nfu] cfpg] lTjzAb (h:t} 3;, sfd;fd, rfndfn O)) . kmfFsf] gf) [kmfFs cf]] dv
] ufF; kmfFs . kmfFr gf) [;+) l:kmr] != rf}lt km}lnPsf] jf a9]sf] j:tsf] cj:yf lj:tf
mfFh . @= km}lnPsf bO{ afxfFleq c6fpg] j:t jf efF8fsF8fsf 7fpF . #= kLFwsf] km}
nfj6 jf lj:tf . $= sg} j:tsf aLrsf] jf k]6sf] km}nfj6 kmfFh . %= ufO{,

km;km; lqm) lj) [c) d") km;\ c(l)] != km:sf] j:t wdfwd km6\g,] v:g] jf v:sg] uL km;
fkm; . @= lgbfpFbf ;f; km]g]{ lsl;dn] . #= aGb ePsf] xfjf la:tfla:tf kml:sg] uL . >
km;km;tLkm;km;L lqm) lj) != cem} km;km; xg] uL . @= wdfwd ;f; . km;km;] lj) km;km;
m6\g] jf v:sg] . km;n gf) [c) km:n] v]tafLdf xg] pAhgL afnLgfnL . ~ rqm gf) Pskl5
csf]{ k}bf xg] uL qmdzM nufOg] afnL 3DtL afnL . ~ v] t L gf) afnLgfnL nufOg] v]t
L . km;fO gf) [ km;\( cfO)] km:g] lsl;d jf lqmof . [ > ] km;fOg s) lqm) hfndf kflg
NemfOg . km;fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != emSSofpg jf wf]sf lbg . @= cNemfpg c8\sf
pg . #= cfgf dt jf ;dy{gdf Nofpg . $= k|foM lau|Fbf] JofkfJoj;fo cflbdf wg, dg,
JolQm cflbnfO{ ;lDdlnt ufpg . %= km:g] jf cNemg] l:yltdf kfg{ . km;fb gf) [c)] c
K7]f] jf c;lhnf] cj:yf o;f] uF ls p;f] uFsf] l:ylt emd]nf . > km;fbL lj) != km;fb kfg
{ emd]nf v8f ug]{ . @= pkb|jL pkb|j;DaGwL . km;fg gf) [km;\ cfg] sg} hl6n ;d:of jf sfd
sf] km;fO w;fg . km;fkm; lqm)lj)x]) km;km;L . kml;g s) lqm) [km;\ O g] km:g] sfd ulg
f;f]df klg . km;]n lj) k|z:t yk}| w]} cTolws km:of]n . km:sg c) lqm) != [km:sf]
sf] j:t xNsf lsl;dn] km6\g jf v:g km:; xg . @= sg} j:tdf elPsf] xfjf v:sg
. > km:sfO gf) km:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km:sfOg s) lqm) km:sg] kflg . km:sfpg ;)
lqm) != km:sg] kfg{ . @= ;Def]u ug{ . kml:sg c) lqm) x]) km:sg . km:sf] lj) x
Nsf lsl;dn] km6\g] jf kml:sg] vfnsf] sdnf] vsn f] . km:6 lj) [c\) km:6] pDbf, k|y
d . km:6fO gf) [ km:6fp( cfO)] km:6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] km:6fOg c) lqm) k
i6 xf]Og xnSs al9g . km:6fOnf] lj) km:6g] vfnsf] km:6g] . km:6fpg c) lqm) [;+) k
i6 cfp g] != ki6 jf kf]l6nf] xg df]6fpg xnSs a9\g . @= ljsl;t xg df}nfpg emf\
 . kml:6g c) lqm) [;+) ki6 O g] != km:6g . @= km:6g] xf]Og . > km:6fOF gf) kml:6g
] 9fFrf jf kg . km:6fO gf) kml:6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km:kmf]; gf) [c\)] afnLgfnLdf k
|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] f;folgs dn .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmfFr ] kmfskms e}F;L cflbsf b"w elP km}lnPsf] sNrf}F8f] . ^= gbLsf] tg{ ;lsg] lkm
FlhPsf] hF3f . &= xnfsf] 6F8fb]lv dfl:t 6fpsfb]lv dlGtsf] efu . kmfFr] lj) [kmfFrf
] P] 7"n7"nf kmfFrf ePsf] (e}F;L cflb) . kmfFrf] gf) [kmfFr cf]] != dfndQfsf] 7"nf] u
7L jf kf]sf] . @= ?lkofFk};f cflbsf] 7"nf] y}nf] jf kf]sf] . #= w]} j:t xflnPsf] 7
"nf] kf]N6f] . $= ufO{e}F;L cflbsf] 7"nf] sNrf}F8f] . kmfFh \ g ;) lqm) [kmfFh g]
rf}lt 5g{ jf lkmFhfpg km}nfpg x]) kfFHg . kmfFh gf)x]) kmfFr . kmfF6 gf) [;+) k|f
t] != v]tL ug{ nfos km}nfj6 ePsf] hldg jf d}bfg . @= lsQf v08 efu . #= sg} sfof{nos
f] Ps v08, ljefu jf zfvf . $= ;|]:tfdf ljifo cflbnfO{ lnP vf]lnPsf] tkl;nsf] v08
. jfL gf) != ;"rL ljj0f km]xl:t . @= ljleGg sf0fjz ulPsf] ljifosf] ljefhg . jfn
fL jf u};sfL ;+:yfxsf k|zf;g;DaGwL ljleGg PsfOdWo] sg} Ps kmfF6sf] lhDdf lnPsf] . gf)
@= To:tf] kmfF6 ;FefNg] ljefuLo sd{rfL . > kmfFl6nf] lj) kmfF6h:tf] rf}lt vnf x]sf]
mflsnf] ;Dd k]sf] . kmfF8 \ g! ;) lqm) [kmfF8f] g] sg} 3f]lnnf] j:t kfgLdf xfn]/ x
8 F Ng kmfF8f] kfg{ km]6g \  kmfpg jf n]bf] kfg{ . kmfF8\g@ ;) lqm) [k|f) km8 g
!= 3gf jgh\unsf vx sf6\g jf pv]Ng h\un jf emf8L l5dNg phfg{ . @= xfFuflaFuf, :of
nfkft cflb sf6\g jf la?jf, emfkft cflb pv]Ng . #= afnLgfnL leofPkl5 ar]sf af]6,
emf cflb pv]Ng df:g . > kmFf8kmF8 gf) kmfF8g \ ] jf df:g] sfd kmF8fO . kmfFl8g s)
lqm) != h\un kmfF8\g] sfd ulg xfFuflaFuf l5dlng jf sfl6g . @= kmfF8f]h:tf] kflg
x8 F lng xfF8nx8 F n ulg . kmfF8f]! gf) [;+) kmfl0f] != kL7f], slgsf cflb xfn] k
ftnf] jf n]bf] kfL ksfOPsf] vfgf Ps k|sfsf] df8h:tf] vf]n] . @= slnnf ds}sf bfgf ly
rL n]bf] xg] uL agfOPsf] vfg]s f] . lj) #= df8h:tf] kftnf] baba] . kmfF8f]@ gf) [km
f8\ cf]] hfgLhfgL s;}dfly yf]klPsf] grflxFbf] 6G6f jf ofpnf] xFb} gePsf] sf] . kmfFb
g! ;) lqm) [kmfFb g] cK7]fdf kfg{ kmGbf jf emd]nfdf kg{ grflxg] sfdf cNemfpg . k
b\g@ ;) lqm) [;+) km0fg g] != cUnf] l8n jf ulxf], kmfs vf8n pk|m ] gfg km6\sg .
}n] ;dfpg g;Sg] uL 56\s] efUg as{;L dfg{ . kmfFb! gf) [kmfFb\ c] != km8\sg] sfd km
fO . @= pk|]m Ps} km8\sf]df gfg ;lsg] hldgsf] gfkf] jf efu kmfFr
856

km8\sf] . #= v]tLof]Uo jf ktL{ hldgsf] km}nfj6 lj:tf . kmfFb@ gf) [kmGbf] h\unL xfQL
nfO{ v]bf] ubf{ km;fOg] jf kqmfpdf kflg] df]6f] 8f]Lsf] kf;f] kmGbf . kmfFlbg s) lq
m) [kmfFb\ O g] != kmfFbg \ ] jf kmGbfdf kfg]{ sfd ulg . @= kmfFb\g] sfd ulg jf pk|
]m gfl3g as{;L dflg . kmfFlbnf] lj) [kmfFb Onf]] km}lnPsf] kmflsnf] lkmFlhPsf] j
flPsf] lj:t[t . kmfF;L gf) [k|f) km+;< ;+) :klz{sf] != km;fpg] jf cNemfpg] j:t kf;f
] . @= ckfwLnfO{ kf;fdf 3fF6L emG8fP dfg]{ ;hfo jf b08 . #= ljgfsf0f cfOnfu]sf] emf
]h jf emGem6 emd]nf . $= dg gkLgkL ug{k]sf] sfd jf sf] . kmfOFkmOF gf) [(l)) kmO
flxFbf] kdf b]vfOPsf] kmtL{ jf wfs tfOFkmfOF cf8Da 3dG8 kmOF . kmfOFkmL gf) [km
grflxFbf] kmtL{ Joy{sf] cf8Da/  L wfs/jkmf kmfOFkm  OF tfOFkmfOF . > kmfOFkm] l
kmfOFkm ug]{ tfOFkmfOF ug]{ wfswSs nfpg] . kmfObf gf) [c) kmfob] != sg} sfdsf, Jofkf
flbdf xg] a9L k|flKt nfe gfkmf kmfobf . @= sfdsfaf6 xg] Oi6 jf ze kl0ffd c;n glth
kmfOg s) lqm) [kmfp O g] x8 F lng n]bf] kflg km]l6g . kmfOa gf) [c\)] skf;,
ldl>t lrKnf] vfnsf] sk8f . kmfOn gf) [c\)] != sfof{nosf dxjk"0f{ sfuhkq ;lIft flvg]
afSnf] jf s8f Ps k|sfsf] lhNb . @= l;nl;nf ldnfP flvPsf sfutkqxsf] ;d"x ldl;n . lgb]
{ zsf gf) sg kmfOn sxfF sg gDadf 5 egL yfxf kfOg] cg'qmdk'l:tsf . k'l:tsf gf) sfut
jf ldl;n cflb flvg] lhNbbf kmfOn . kmfp! gf) [k|f) kmfO] != rLhaLh lsg]kl5 l;Q}F df
u] lnOg] yk j:t' kmf];f tf;f . @= j[l4 yk . kmfp@ gf) [ kmfu] != kmfu jf xf]nL;DaGw
uLt, gfr cflb . @= kmfu, kmfu . kmfpg ;) lqm) [;+) kml0f] != kfgLdf kL7f] cflb
j:t xfn] xftn] a];L xNnfpg jf x8 F Ng km]6g \  . @= n:;f cfpg] uL rnfpg 3f]Ng
. kmfpG6]g k]g gf) [c\)] kfOkdf d;L elg], lgk, lha|L cflb ePsf] snd kmf}G6]g kmlG6g
. kmfs6 gf) h\unaflxsf] ktL{ d}bfg ;dtn e"ld . kmfsg gf) [g]jf) kmsF] ss{nf] . > kmf
sg] lj) != ss{nf] jf hnsf] cflb pl;g] vfg] . @= xf];} gfvL ePesf] sf ug]{ . gf) #= T
:tf] vfg] dflg;nfO{ lxofP elgg] zAb . kmfskms gf) [(l)) kms\] wfdL, emfFqmL cflbn
] e"tk|]t

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
857

kmfukmfwtL{ kbfy{ Ps} rf]l6 v:g] jf v:bf zAb cfpg] uL . @= k]6df ePsf] dn Ps} rf]l6
;fkm xg] uL lg:s] vftvQ . kmfb gf) [ kmGbf] x]) kmfFb (aGwg) . kmfg;kmfg; gf) [k
kmfg";] sfFrsf jf cGo wftsf sdnkq jf lunf;h:tf j:t Pp6} 8G8Ldf hl8Psf], aQL a
fNg] ljz]if ;fwg kfg; . kmfGg gf) t]n k]Ng] qmddf rf}yf] k6s k]lnPsf] lkgf . kmfk
\g c) lqm) [k|f) kmfJjLx, ;+) :kmfog] cfk"m nfu]sf] sfdsfdf ljgjfwf jf kLlkfp gePs
g kmlnkmfk xg kmfk xg . > kmfk gf) != kLafwf, bMv cflb gxg] l:ylt kmfKg] sfd .
lj) @= kmfk]sf] jf kmfKg] 5sL ze . #= ;a} sf fd|f] xFb} uPsf] cgj"mn nfe ePsf] .
kmfk lj) ckmfksf] pN6f] ze kmfKg] . kmfk gf) != kfgkft] 5fF6sf kftnf s]xL nfDrf k]sf
kft, KofhL sf k"mn, tLgsg] jf tLgwf] bfgf ftf 8fF7 xg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] af]6 . @=To;
sf] tLgsg] jf tLgwf] k]sf], sfnf] af]qmf ;]tf] ubL xg] kmn jf u]8f . rL gf) kmfk
rg]{ jf kmfk vfg dg kfpg], 6fpsfdf k\vfh:t} l;p ePsf], eFu]f]eGbf s]xL ;fgf], nfDrf]
sfnf], ;]tf] xg], kL rfsf 5fF6sf] rf] . kmflkg c) lqm) [kmfk\ O g] kmfk xf]Og
|] lj) [kmfk P] != kmfksf edf hLjglgjf{x ug]{ kmfk dfq vfg] l:yltdf k]sf] . @= sf]sf
F7] c;Eo . rf] gf) kmfkrL . kmfd gf) != b"w, bxL, df]xL cflb fVg] efF8f] sf7sf] u
] 9\u|f] . @= ;sfL 5fk Pj+ gDa ePsf], cGg eg]{ kfyL . kmfobf gf)x]) kmfObf . kmfo g
[c)] lk:tf]n, aGbs, tf]k cflb k8\sfpg] jf uf]nL xfGg] sfd uf]nLrnfO . kmf\g ;) lqm
) [;+) :km6\] != sg} l;\uf] j:t (sk8f cflb) lr] bO{ 6qmf kfg{ lrf kfg{ RofTg
. @= w:sfpg km6fpg 2L tNofpg . kmfskmfv gf) [c) kmflu] != cfk"mn] aemfpgkg]{
emfO;s]kl5 sdLn] kfpg] 56sff sdsndaf6 xg] 5L jf lg:;fsf kdf lbOg] To:tf] sfut . @
sfdsfhaf6 kfOPsf] 5L km;{t cjsfz . > kmf/stLkmfvt kmfvtL gf) ;DalGwt JolQmsf lhD
]sf ;a} gubL jf lhG;L aem] lnO{ k|df0fsf kdf n]lvlbg] sfuh lx;falstfa;DaGwL axL a
emfO;s]kl5 ag] cfn] sdLnfO{ n]lvlbg] sfuh . kmfwtL{ gf) [kmf6\ wtL{] wtL{ kmflghlQs
"nf] ;\s6 ljifd cj:yf .

cflbsf] afwf x6fpg ug]{ tGqdGq cflbsf] k|of]u emfkms kmskmfs . > kmfskms] lj) kmf
skms ug]{ emfkms] emfkms ug]{ (JolQm) . kmfu gf) [ kmfu] != kmfu . @= gfLxn] p
{df ufpg] d\unuLt . kmfu gf) [ kmfug] != kmfug zSn ci6dLb]lv k"l0f{df;Dd k:kdf
cflb xfNg] gfRg], ufpg] tyf k|Lltef]h cflb uL dfOnf] dgfOg] pT;j xf]nL . @= To; cj;d
f ufOg] uLt kmfp . #= ;Nnfsf k"mnsf] kx]Fnf] efu . kmfug gf) [;+) kmfNug] jif{sf
] P3ff}F dlxgf kmfNug . kmfug ] lj) != kmfug;DaGwL kmfugsf] . @= a]sDdf 2L cZnLn
kmfk m lqm)lj) [c) d") (l))km] != sg} ;Unf] dfn;fdfgsf] ;a}h;f] cjoj 5lP cnu x
mf\Nofkm\n . @= sg} j:t sfd gnfUg] uL eTsg], eTsfpg] jf lau|g], laufg]{ kf] . gf
To;L 5lg], a] l Ung] , elTsg] , lau| g ] cflb rfn . > kmf\km\kmf\nfkm\n lqm
kmflhn lj) [c) kmflhn] != cfjZostfeGbf w]} rlxg]eGbf a];L . @= To;L lx;fadf a9]sf] j
f vr{ aRg uPsf] (sd) cjlzi6 cltlQm . afFsL gf) n]gb]g;DaGwL xlx;fadf lng jf lbg afF
]sf] sd . kmf6\g' c) lqm) [;+) :kmf6g g'] != hldg, 3sf] uff] cflb wfFhf kg'{ jf kmf6\g
lrf kg'{ jf lrlg' . @= n'ufkmf6f] cflb yf]qf] k'fgf] x'g' Rofltg', w:sg' jf lvOg' .
#= 6'qmf 6'qmf x'g' RofYnf] x'g' . $= cnu x'g' 5'lg' . %= emf]n 5f]qmf 5'lg' . ^= b'
{ yLsf] dt jf dg gldNg' fo afg' . &= zq'tf x'g' cli6 kg'{ . kmf6sf [lx)] lgot ;dodf
j:t'sf] b, dfu a9\g] ljrfcg';f j:t'sf] d"No lgwf{lt uL ;f]xL d"Nodf cfF6 ] ulg] vlb
sf] c7f]6 ;f]cg';f a9L d'gfkmf jf nfesf] cfzfn] ulg] hf]lvdL sff]af . kmf6k'm6 lj) [k
f6\ k'm6, ;+) :kmf6g] != rfgr'g w]yf] yf]yf]} . lqm) lj) @= Pp6fb'O6f dfq b]vf kg]{
t} kmfk'm . > kmf6k'm6] lj) != rfgr'g] ;fgf]ltgf] . @= ck"0f{ ck"f] cw"f] . #= k'm
. kmfl6g' c) lqm) [kmf6\ O g'] wfFbf] klg' lrf klg' . kmf6f] gf) [kmf6\ cf]] != k:k
f] a]dn ] k'm6 . @= fo afg] sfd dte]b . #= zq'tf j}dg:o . kmfk'm lqm) lj) [ kmf6k
Pp6fbO6f ub}{ ;a} cfpg], p7\g] jf lg:sg] uL . @= PsPs uL l;4fpg] lsl;dn] . #= kft
nf]kftnf] rfndf b]lvg] jf xg] u] . kmfl0ft gf) [;+)] rf;gL kfu l;sf{ . kmftkmQ lqm)
lj) [c) d") ofQ kmQ] != baba] jf n]bf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmfkm]/kmf; g km;kmf;km; kmfkm]/ gf) [kmf\ km]] otfsf] ptf ptfsf] otf kfg]{ sfd
kmfkmf] gf) [kmf\ kmf]] \ kmfg]{ kmf]g]{ sfd 5fO{, sf6L rf]S6fpg] sfd kmf]km
kmf;{ < ;+) kfb:y] ckmuflg:yfgsf] klZrdkl x]sf] Ps b]z jt{dfg Ofg . > kmf;L lj) != k
f; b]zsf] kmf;;DaGwL . @= To;} b]zsf] efiff kmf;L{ . kmff! gf) vfg] r"g agfpg] sfddf
|of]u ulg] s8f vfnsf] kmUNofF6] l;kL . kmff@ [;+) kmfn] gf) of]lgsf] l8n euf]i7 . km
ffd gf) [c\) kmd{] != cfjZos kdf Psktf Nofpg] b[li6n] lgwf{lt 9fFrfdf tof kflPsf] c
kq, l;b cflbsf] gdgf jf 9fFrf . @= k|fyL{ jf lgj]bsn] egk { g]{ dVodVo jf Jol
Qm;DalGwt sf 5f8] cGo sf n]lvPsf] kq . kmflg s) lqm) [kmf\ O g] kmfg]{ sfd ulg
kmff]] ldtJolotf kmff] . ltg gf) kmff]ltgf] . kmff] gf) [;+) :kmf] yf]} k};f j
:tn] cfjZos tyf a9L sfd rnfpg] lskmfotL sfObf sd vr{ ldtJolotf kmf? . ltgf] gf) kll
t j:t jf yf]} vr{n] Eofpg] sfd kmff] ug{] sfdsfObf hf]ufsf ;fy kofP ulg] vr{ar{ .
] { gf) [ kmf;]{] x]) kmf;]{ . ~ kq gf) kmf;]{kq fhLgfdf . kmflb{ gf) [c\)] ;a}eGb
f] la|l6; db|f . kmfd{ gf) [c\)] != of]hgfa4 kdf afnLgfnL, kmnk"mn, tsfL cflb nufOPs
f] e"ld v]t . @= To;L g} lglZrt kdf j:tkfng jf cGo sg} Joj;fo rnfOPsf] vf; 7fpF jf
sfo{:yfg . (s[lif kmfd{, afujfgL kmfd{, e]8fkfng kmfd{ O)) . kmf;] { gf) [c) kmf
lu] != n]gb]g;DaGwL Jojxfsf] l5gfkmfgf km:of]{6 . @= latf{ hUufsf] vlblaqmL cflbsf]
6\uf] ;qmLlaqmL . ~ kq gf) latf{ hUufsf] a]rlavg ubf{ fhLgfdfsf a]xf]fn] xsbfaL 5fl
8lbg] uL n]lvlbPsf] sfuh fhLgfdf . kmfn\g ;) lqm) [;+) :kmfn g] != sg} j:t cfk"mlt
csf{lt ofFSg ldNsfpg . @= xof{pg xofpg . #= glng TofUg . kmfn! gf) [;+)] xn
F8fdf hf]l8g] tLvf] kmnfd] ;fwg kmfnL . kmfn@ gf) [;+) cf:kmfn] != kmfNg] jf cfkm
Ng] sfd . @=
858

ljz]if sfd ;DkGg ug{sf lglDt ldNg] cj; df}sf cgj"mntf . #= nfdf] km6\sf] . $= cUnf
7fpFaf6 pk|m] tnlt emg]{ sfd xfdkmnfO . ~ xgfOxnfO gf) kmfn xfNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
~ xfgfxfg gf) kfn}kfnf]l;t kmfn xfNg] sfd . ~ xfgL gf) s]xL cUnf 7fpFaf6 kmfn xfN
g] uL v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n . ~ xfGgxfNg c) lqm) dflyaf6 pk|m] tnlt emg{ xfDkm
Ng kmfn xfNg . kmfnfkmfn gf) [kmfn\ cf kmfn\] != sg} j:t k:kdf otfplt kmfNg] jf ldN
pg] sfd ofFsfofFs . @= rflxPeGbf w]} eP ulg] ldNsfldNsL cfkmntfkmn . #= a]lylt;Fu km
] jf xofpg] l:ylt . kmflng s) lqm) [kmfn\ O g] kmfNg] sfd ulg cfkmlng . kmfnL! gf
fO{e}; F L bxb F f nfQL grnfpg] jf gplk|mg] kfg{ k5fl8sf] vf] afFWg] 8f]L 5fFb kmf
n] . kmfnL@ gf) [kmfn O{] != xnfsf 6Kkfkl hl8g] kmnfdsf] tLvf] cjoj kmfn . @= Gbfdf n
ufP tf5\g] wflnf] j:t . ~ 3 gf) xnfsf 68 F fdf kmfnL c8fpg vf]k ] agfOPsf] 7fpF . k
fn] gf) [;+) :kmfn] 3f]8f jf e}; F Lsf cufl8 jf k5fl8sf vf afFWg] 8f]L 5fFb kmfnL .
~ kfyL gf) afnLdf sfd nufpg] ulP tfklg kmfnL sdfP NofPafkt d\l;df lbOg] Ps kfyL cGg .
kmfNug gf) [;+)] ;f}dfgcg;f jif{sf] P3ff}F dlxgf df3 r}tsf aLrsf] dlxgf kmfug .
kmfNugL gf) != kmfNug zSn k"l0f{df kmfukl" 0f{df . @= k"jf{kmfNugL jf pQfkmfNu
gL gIfq . kmfN6kmfNt lj) [kf]t) { kmfN6f]] != grflxFbf] cgfjZos . @= cfjZos sfd
6] pe|s ] f] . #= 2L a]sDdf . $= rfgrg] vb|f km6s . kmfN;f! gf) [kmf) sfn\;] 7"
v;|f kft, kx]Fnf k"mn leq Ps jf bO{ aLh xg], sfkmnsf] h:tf] :jfb kLknsf] h:tf
] kmn kmNg] Ps j[If jf ;f]xL j[Ifsf] kmn . kmfN;f@kmfN;f] gf) != hd]sf] utsf] 8Nnf]
. @= nufkmf6fsf] ;fgf]ltgf] 6qmf] . kmfj uLt gf) [tf) kmfj ;+) uLt] b}lgs hLjgsf]
fdp; dfoflktL{ nufpg] ;DaGwdf ufOg], tfdf hfltdf k|rlnt Ps nf]suLt . kmfjf gf) [ km
p] kmfp kmfu . kmf; g km;kmf;km; gf) [(l)) km:;f] != sfd gnfUg] jf dxjxLg eO{ sg}
j:t To;} lanfpg] jf xfpg] sfd kmf:; g km:; . @= aGb xfjf clncln u] km:sg] k|lqmof
. > kmf;km;] lj) != ljgfk|of]hgsf] ljz]if dxj gePsf] . @= xfjf km:sg] vfnsf] . #
= dxj gePsf] .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
859

kmf;nfkm;nlkmgfOn @= To:tf] ljifok|ltsf] rf;f] jf:tf kjf{x . lkm6\g ;) lqm) [k|f)

]8\ g] != kUng] jf 3f]lng] j:t kGofnf] kbfy{df ldnfpgsf lglDt 3dfO{3dfO{ xNnfpg
 xF8Ng km]6\g . @= tf;, ulGhkmf cflbsf rfsf rSsLnfO{ tndfly kfg{ tnf:g . lkm6 g
f) [c\)] != km6sf] axjrg kmL6 . @= km6 . lkm6sLL gf) sg} ;]tf u]8f ofFSg] tL vf]
ofpFbf vf]:g cfpg]af6 aRb} a"9L dfpnfO{ lbg] Ps v]n . lkm6g gf)x]) lkml6g . lkm6 gf
) [c\)] oGq jf ldl;gsf ljleGg khf{ h8fg ug]{ JolQm . lkm6fO gf) [ lkm6\( cfO)] lkm6\
g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lkm6fOg s) lqm) lkm6\g nfOg lkm6\g] kflg km]6fOg .
lkm6fpg k|) ] lqm) lkm6\g nfpg lkm6\g] kfg{ km]6fpg . lkml6g gf) [c\)] Ps jf bO{
3f]8fn] tfGg] 6kjfnf vnf xNsf lsl;dsf] rfkf\u|] aUuL lkm6g . lkml6g s) lqm) [lkm6
\ O g] lkm6\g] sfd ulg . lkm6\ls/L gf) x]) km6\ls/L . lkmf lj) [ kmf] hxfgkljf
mf] l7\uf] PSnf] . > lkm] lj) lkmf . lkm8 gf) [c\)] pGgt hftsf svfnfO{ vjfpg k
ff] . lkm8 Kofgn gf)[c\)] 6nLnfOgnfO{ ljBtz \ lQm k"lt{ ug]{ PsfO . lkmtnf] lj) [k|f
lkm] != bxf] gePsf] nnf] ba{n . @= lgwf]{ lzlyn sdhf] . lkmltSs lqm) lj) [c) d")
ts\ s] != lunf] j:t yf]} v:g] uL kmtSs . @= sg} j:t un] vf]n] xg] lsl;dn] . lkmTsf}
L gf) [c) d") kmt\ s cf}nL] != ;fgfltgf 9u \ f, d6f\u|f cflb xfGg] un]nL;xsf] afF;s
sK6]f] . @= lkmTsf}nL xfg]em}F uL v]lng] afnsxsf] Ps v]n . lkmQkmLF gf) [c) d") lkmt
\ t kmLF] sfOFof]sf h:tf nflDrnf kft xg] Ps lsl;dsf] af]6 kmnfF6 . (s]6fs]6Lx o;sf] k
ft a]] ahfpg] u5{g\) . lkmQf gf) [kf]t) { lkmtf] rf}8fO sd ePsf] sk8f jf gfOng cfl
bsf] nfdf] kL hQf s:g] 8f]L . jfn lj) lkmQf s:g] vfnsf] lkmQf nufPsf] jf lkmQf afFl
g] (hQf) . lkmQ] lj) [lkmQf P] lkmQfh:tf] lkmQfsf] . h'sf gf) lkmQfh:t} nfdf] t 6fps
] ;fgf] x'g], k'R5lt 7"nf] x'Fb} uPsf], hLp y'k|} v08df ljeflht ePsf] ;f] 6'lqmFbf
c cfk"mh:t} sLf tof ug{ ;Sg] k/hLjL h'sf] . lkmgfOn gf)x]) lkmg]n .

kmf;nfk'm;n' gf) [c) d") (l)) k'm;n'] != cndndf kf] e'mSofpg] sfd . @= kmsfpg] sfd .
fl;Hd gf) [c\)] != k|e';Qf sg} lg\sz zf;sdf s]lGb|t x'g] Ps zf;gJoj:yf clwgfosjfb t
xL . @= d';f]lngLsf ;dosf] O6fnLdf k|rlnt To; k|sfsf] s fi6jfbL zf;gJoj:yf . kmfl;:6
j) [c\)] != kmfl;Hdsf l;4fGtnfO{ dfGg] . @= ;Dk"0f{ clwsf cfgf xftdf lnP lg\sztfsf]
w ug]x { sf] lgb{otfk"js { bdg ug]{ clwgfosjfbL . gf) #= kmfl;Hdsf l;4fGtnfO{ cfwf
dfg] ag]sf] O6fnLsf] Ps fhgLlts bnsf ;b:o . kmf:6f] gf) [;+) :k[i6] != 5f]Okf;f] .
@= grflxFbf] emd]nf emGem6 . kmfxf gf) [kmf] != zf]efsf lglDt cQsf l;Gsfdf k"mnsf c
fs[ltdf a]lg], ljleGg sf] skf;sf] 8Nnf] . @= kfp8 cflb 3:g] e'jf . #= d'vdf 3:g] kfp
8 . $= uxgfdf xLf, dfl0fs cflbnfO{ rlDsnf] kfg{ hl8g] j:t' jf To;L rlDsnf] kfg]{ sf
d . lkmFh gf) [;+) km]g] kfgLsf ;;fgf yf]kf jf kmf]sfxsf] ;d'bfo kfgLdf ;fa'g, ;f]8
f cflb kbf{ lg:sg] ufh . lkmFh\g' ;) lqm) [;+) k|;[] != v'lDrPsf] jf ;f]xf]lP y'lk|P
sf] j:t'nfO{ tGsfP kfFHg' . @= gfpF, sLlt{, va jf kqklqsf cflbsf] Jofks k|rf ug'{ .
#= km}nfpg' lkmhfpg' . > lkmFhfO gf) lkmFHg] jf lkmFhfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . lkmFhfOg
' s) lqm) lkmFlhg] kflg' km}nfOg' . lkmFhfpg' k|]) lqm) != lkmFHg] kfg'{ km}nfpg' . ;
) lqm) @= lkmFHg' k|rf ug'{ . lkmFlhg' c) lqm) lkmFlhg] xf]Og' km}lng' . lkmO{ l8KkL
8]; gf) [c\)] ljZjk|l;4 klxnf] x'nfsL kmf;L Py]lgogaLr ePsf] O) k") $() ltsf n8fOFd
cfgf kIfsf] ljho;Gb]z af]sL bf}8 ] hfFbfhfFb} gufdf k'Ugf;fy dg]{ OdfGbf Py]lgog ;Gb
zjfxs . lkms gf) [ lks] kfg, v}gL, ;tL{ cflb vfP ylsg] ys lks . bfgL gf) ySg] ef
8f] . lkmsbf gf) [lkms bf] fhfsf] lkmsbfgL ;fkm ug]{ cflb sfd ug]{ gf]s . latf{ gf)
] ;]jf ug]{ lkmsbf jf gf]sxnfO{ as; ePsf] latf{ hUuf . lkmsflkmSsf lj) [k|f) clkSsf]
!= :jfb gk'us ] f] jf gePsf] vNnf] . @= pHh jf rxlsnf] gePsf] xNsf () . #= dw'f] dln
Woff] (d'v cflb) . $= sd dxjsf] Tolt pkof]uL gePsf] . %= lvGg lbUbf . ~ lrof gf) b"w
f lrgL gxfn]sf], gk'u]sf] cyjf lrofsf] sDtL ePsf] lrof . lkmqmL gf) [c) lkmqm] !=
sg} ljifok|lt ePsf] lrGtf ;'tf{ .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

lkmgLlkmln\u] lkmgL gf) [k|f) kmLl0fof] != glr]sf] kGhfkmLh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] af6'nf] f]

L . @= t[0ff;g . lkmg]n gf) [c\) lkmgf]Pn] ljiffn' sL6f0f'x gfz ug],{ pTs6 uGw ePsf
] Ps k|sfsf] cf}ifwL sL6gfzs bafO{ljz]if lkmgfOn . lkmkL gf) a]t, afF; cflbsf rf]ofn
] a'g]sf], Ps k|sfsf] lasf]j { fn efF8f] rf]ofsf] l8Aaf . lkmof] gf) [;+) KnLxf] zLdf
k]6leq kfs:ynL;Fu} afofFtkm{ x'g] Ps cjoj . lkm\g' c) lqm) [k|f) km]0f g'] != uPsf] J
olQm jf k7fOPsf] j:t' lkmtf{ cfpg' kms{g' . @= eOx]sf] l:yltdf kljt{g cfpg' ;f] l:yl
t pN6g' ablng' . #= 3'dlkm ug'{ 8'Ng' . $= dnd"qflb Tofu ug'{ . lkm\u gf) [;+)] != o'
k dxfb]z . @= udL{n] jf j]Zof;Fusf ;dfudaf6 u'Ktf\udf x'g] Ps f]u le\uL . > lkm\uL
= lkm\u dxfb]zsf] lgjf;L c\uh ]| uf]f o'f]lkog . @= lkm\u f]u nfu]sf] JolQm . l
m\ cGtf] != :yfoL kn] Ps} 7fpFdf 3af u] ga;L 3'dL3'dL lxF8\g] 8'n'jf . gf) @= kb]zL
Gtf JolQm . #= hf]uL ;GGof;L . > lkmGt] lj) lkmGtf . lkmlkm lqm) lj) [c) d") lkm\ c
!= sfut, sk8f, kft cflb xfjfdf xn'sf] lsl;daf6 xNng] uL kmkm . @= lkm/lkm/ ub}{ p8\g
] k'tnL h:tf] Ps hftsf] sL/f] . #= dGb ultn] xfjf rlnx] l;l; . > lkmlkmtLlkmlkmL
em l56f] lkmlkm x'g] uL . lkmlkm] lj) != xfjfdf xn'sf] tan] xNng] jf rNg] . gf) @= x
sf j]un] 3'Dg] sfut, kft, l6g cflbsf] k\vfsf cfsfsf] v]nf}gf . $= nfdfn] cl;gf, kf
gL, x'L cflb f]Sgsf lglDt 7fpF7fpFdf uf8\g] afF;sf] k'tnL . %= ;;fgf r'Rr] kft x'g
] Ps hftsf] af]6 . ^= cUnf] rf}8f efnf cfsfsf kft x'g,] bfFtL k]sf lsgff x'g,] tNnf
] efu ;]tf] f}Fn] 9flsPsf], kx]Fnf] k"mn k'mNg] af]6ljz]if . lkmfO gf) [ lkm\( cfO)] l
mg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lkmfOg s) lqm) != lkmg{ nfOg 8nfOg 3dfOg . @= km
sf{Og . lkmfpg k|) ] lqm) != lkmg{ nfpg, 8nfpg 3dfpg . @= kms{g nfpg . ;) l
qm) #= lkmFhfpg km}nfpg . lkmfb gf) [kmf) kmlobf] ;DalGwt cbfnt jf clwsfLsf ;dIf Go
fo kfpg ulg] k|fy{gf gfln; . ~ kq gf) sfggL sfafO{sf lglDt dsf{ k]sf] sf n]vL jfbL
bfntdf lbOPsf] Ltk"j{ssf] sfuh gfln;kq Ohxf . lkmfbL lj) [lkmfb O{] lkmfb ug],{ gfl
hafh ug]{ . ~ kq gf) lkmfbkq . lkmlg c) lqm) [lkm\ O g] != lkmtf{ cfOg kmls{g
860

8lng 3ldg . lkml:t gf) [c) kmxl:t] ;DalGwt ljifoj:t jf JolQmxsf] gfdfjnL, ljj0f,
kmfF6 cflb qmlds kdf c\lst ulPsf] kl:tsf jf kq tflnsf ;"rLkq . lkmf]hf gf) [kmf) lk
] xlof]xlof] kffsf] gLnf] xg] Ps lsl;dsf] axd"No Tg o"F . lkmf}tL gf) [lkm/\ cf
/t JolQm jf j:t lkmtf{ ug{kbf{ dfu ul/g] /sd To:tf] sg} ;t{ . lkms{g c) lqm) [ k
ms{g] kms{g lkmg{ . > lkmsf{O gf) lkms{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lkmsf{Og s) lqm) l
kms{g nfOg kmsf{Og . lkmsf{pg k|) ] lqm) lkms{g nfpg kmsf{pg . lkmls{g c) lqm)
lkms{g] xf]Og kmls{g . lkms]{ gf) [lkms{ P] != 3sf] ktnL . @= bfn 3f]6\gsf lglDt
laF8df 7f]s] jf ufF;] agfOPsf] sf7 jf kmnfdsf] dwfgLh:tf] rfrf];] ;fwg . lkmtf{ gf)
[lkm\ tf] kms{g] jf kmsf{pg] sfd lkmtL{ lkmfO . lkmtL{ lj) [lkmtf{ O{] lkmtf{ cfpg] k
. ~ lr7L gf) kfpg] JolQmsf] kQf] gnfu] km]l k7fpg] JolQms} xftdf kmls{P cfPsf] lr7L
. ~ lr7L s]Gb| gf) kfpg] JolQm jf 7]ufgfsf u8a8Ln] 6\uf] nfUg g;s]sf lr7Lkq;DaGw
L sfd ug]{ xnfssfof{no . ~ 8fFs gf) tTsfn kms{g] 8fFs jf lr7Lkq . ~ l;b gf) lh:6L cf
lb k7fOPsf] j:t ;DalGwt JolQm jf ;+:yfn] aem]sf] k|df0f:jk kmls{P cfpg] l;b kxFr k
|flKt:jLsf . ~ ;jfL gf) sg} ofqfaf6 kmls{g] sfd . lkm{ lqm) lj) [c) d") lkm\ ] sfut
f, kft cflb xnsf] xfjfdf xNng] uL . lkmnvfgf gf) [kmf) kmLnvfg] xfQL afFWg] 7fpF x
l:tzfnf xfQL;f . lkmnlkmn lqm) lj) [c) d") lkmn\ c) (l))] ;fgf] kftnf] j:t xfjfdf xN
g] uL . > lkmnlkmntLlkmnlkmnL lqm) lj) lkmnlkmn . lkmnlkmn] lj) != xnsf] lsl;daf6 x
Nng] . @= lrKnf] k]sf] . lkmnjfg gf) [kmf) kmLnjfg] dfxt] . lkmnfl6ln:6 lj) [c\)] !
= xnfsl6s6xsf] ;\sng ug]{ l6s6;\sns . gf) @= lkmnf6]nL;Fu ;DalGwt JolQm . > lkmnf6]l
s gf) xnfsl6s6sf] ;\sng;DaGwL sfd l6s6xsf] ;\ u | x ug] { lqmof . lkmnf6] n L gf) x
fsl6s6sf] ;\sng l6s6;\sng ug]{ sfd . lkmln\uL lj) [;+) lkm\uL] cfFvf tyf skfn s}nf]
uf]f] ePsL s}nL, uf]L (:qL) dLd . lkmln\u] gf) [lkmln\uf] P] lkmln\uf] ePsf] lkmn
afF ; gf) Ps hftsf] afF; .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
861

lkmln\uf]kmOF lkm;f}6f] gf) [lkm; cf}6f]] != Hofb} tR5 j:t . @= Hofb} yf]} rLhaLh .
lkm:6L lj) [lkm:6f] O] != lkm:6f]h:tL ;fgL ;fx} ;fgL . gf) @= eFu]LeGbf ;fgf] cfsfsf]
Ps rf] lkm:6fsf] kf]yL k . lkm:6] lj) [lkm:6f] P] lkm:6f]h:tf] ;fgf] w]} ;fgf] . lkm:
gf) eFu ] f]eGbf klg ;fgf] cfsfsf] Ps hftsf] rf] . lkm:; lqm) lj) [c) d") lkm;\ ;] ;fd
fGo an kg]{lalQs} kmf6\g] jf Rofltg] eP 5gl] alQs} rlF 8g] jf kml:sg] lsl;dn] .
@= xNsf lsl;dn] -xfF:g] lqmof_ . > lkm:; lj) != lgwf]{ vfnsf] ;a}eGbf kl5 k]sf] k
l5Nnf] . @= ;a}eGbf 7luPsf] jf x]lkPsf] . lkm:;] lj) != lkm:;" . gf) @= lkm:; Rof
ltg] jf kml:sg] j:t . kmL! cJo) hgxL k|To]s ck\uL . kmL@ gf) [c\)] != zNs d]xgtf
mL; . @= b:t . kmLFh gf) x]) lkmFh . kmLgL gf) x]) lkmgL . kmL; gf) [c\) kmL] x]) lk
m; . k m lqm) lj) [c) d") k"m] != dv uf]nf] ;fgf] kf] hf]8l;t ;f; ofFSg] uL To;
Sg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= emfkms kmskmfs (afnaf]nLdf) . kmFs\g ;) lqm) [kmS F s g] uf
O{a:tn] xfGg vf]Hbf jf hWgsf lglDt lgpF vf]Hbf gfs dvaf6 k"mF zAb lgsfNg . > k
mFsfO gf) kmS F g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmFsfOg s) lqm) kmFSg] kflg . kmFsfpg
k|) ] lqm) kmF ug]{ kfg{ . kmFlsg s) lqm) kmFSg] sfd ulg . kmFSs lqm) lj) [c)
d") kms F \ s] l;fPsf ufO{a:tn] xfGg vf]Hbf jf csf]{ j:t;Fu hWg] lgpF vf]Hbf
gfs Pj+ dvaf6 zAb lgsfn] k"mF . kmF8L gf) [k|f) km  l8c] rfllqs lx;faaf6 kltt cf
OdfO{ kft j]Zof 08L . kmF8Nsf] gf) [k|f) kmf]8 pNn > pNsf]] ;fx|f] 7fpFdf 7f]lsFbf
f, tfn cflbdf p7]sf] 66Nsf] kmsG8f] . kmF8f] gf) [kmF8L cf]] rfllqs b[li6n] ktg
Psf] JolQm kmF8L;Fu ;Ns]sf] JolQm 08Lafh . kmFbf gf) [;+) kmNn] != ;fwf0f sf klg
] k|efjsfL kfg]{ ljz]if0f . @= gofF zAb aGbf d"n zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;g] zAbf+z k|Too k;
u{ . #= emNn . kmg ;) lqm) [kms\ g] != sg} j:tdf k]sf] aGwg jf bfDnfsf] ufF7f] cf
b vf]Ng kmsfpg kmsfNg km:sfpg . @= afwfc8\sfp x6fpg 56sff lbg . kmcf gf)
)] kmk" . kmOF gf) != kmf];f | ] wfs 3dG8 . @= atf; . > kmOFsL gf)

lkmln\uf] gf) [;+) :kmln\u] sf7 jf bfpf an]sf] eme{mfpFbf] cfuf] aNbf] cFuf jf sf]O
. lkmn\u] gf) [lkmn\uf] P] != xlof kftdf c sf yf]Knfyf]KnL xg] Ps k|sfsf] emf .
vf]qmf 8fF7 xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg] ;okqL k"mnsf h:tf aLh xg] tyf To;sf] t]n
k]lng], s6] jf w"nf] kf] crf;d]t vfg xg] afnL . ~ emf gf) lkmn\u] . ~ k m n gf)
\ s ] f h:tf kftnf kq ePsf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] k"mn . lkmnf] gf) [;+) l:kms] !=
rfssf bO{ltsf rSsf jf df+;lk08 . @= vfsf k5fl8kl hf]gL{df x]sf eSs p7]sf bO{ltsf
efu kf . lkmN8 gf) [c\)] != afnLgfnL nufOg] hUuf v]t . @= ;dy d}bfg rf} . ~ a s
= hUuf cflbsf] gfkL ug{ k|of]udf NofOPsf] kl:tsf . @= hUUffwgL df]xLn] sdfPsf]
hUufsf] ljj0f n]lvPsf] lstfa If]qLo kl:tsf . ~ df;{ n gf) kmf}hL cltyL bhf{ . lkmN
d gf) [c\)] != kmf]6f] jf 5foflrq lvRg f;folgs k|lqmofn] agfOPsf] ;]nf]nfO8 cflbsf]
nfdf] kq jf kL . @= pSt k|sfsf] kLdf lvlrPsf] lrq jf To;}sf] ;xfotfn] b]vfOg] rnlr
q . ~ Sofg gf) rnlrqsf ln fVg] wftsf] 8Aaf . lkm;! gf) [c\) kmL] != lzIfs, 8fS6/, jl
sn cflbnfO{ lbOg] kfl/>lds . @= ljBfno, SofDk; cflb ;+:yfnfO{ cWoog u/]afkt aem
fpgkg]{ zNs . #= sg} sfdsf nflu sfof{nodf nfUg] /sd b:t/ . lkm;@ lj) [c) d") l
km;\ c(l))] != clt tR5 km:;f . @= Hofb} yf]/} lkltSs . lkm;lkm; lqm) lj) [c) d") lkm
;\ c(l))] != sg} j:tdf aGb x]sf] xfjf clncln u] v:sg] uL . @= Hofb} km:sf] sdnf]
nsf];Fu rFl8g] jf vl:sg] lsl;dn] . > lkm;lkm;tL lqm) lj) lkm;lkm; lkm;lkm;L . l
km;lkm;fpFbf] lj) lkm;lkm; hfg] lkm;lkm; ubf]{ . lkm;lkm;L lqm) lj) lkm;lkm; . lkm;
lkm;] lj) lkm:;lkm:; hfg], Rofltg] jf rFl8g] . lkml;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") lkm;\ > l
kml;s\ s] != dg gnfuLgnfuL bfFt gb]vfO{sg} cf]7n] dfq xfF:g] uL . @= kftnf] sdnf] j:
t xnsf] lsl;dn] RofltP . lkm;f]n\g ;) lqm) [;+) k|;0f] != s;}nfO{ cfn]6fn] u] sfdd
cNemfpg jf emnfpg . @= sg} sfd aGg jf ;k|g glbg . #= otfplt u] 6fg{ kmf;km; k
fg{ . > lkm;f]nfO gf) lkm;f]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lkm;f]nfOg s) lqm) lkm;f]Ng n
fOg . lkm;f]nfpg k|) ] lqm) lkm;f]Ng nfpg . lkm;f]lng s) lqm) lkm;f]Ng] sfd ulg
 .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmO{km\sf != j]u;Fu cfPsf] xfjfsf] emf]Ssf atf;sf] j]u . @= xf]xNnf rOFsL . #= a]j
Fssf] 3dG8 cx\sf . kmfOF gf) grflxF b f] ;] v L dfqfeGbf a] ; L 3dG8 tfOF k mfOF .
lj) km;|f] ;]vL ug]{ a]sfsf] ths b]vfpg] w]} 3dG8L . > kmOFofF gf) s]xL gxg jf
gePsf] l:ylt tftf] g 5ff] km:;f . kmO{! gf) [af) af])] != cfuf] jf kf]Ng] j:t . @
= cfufsf] kf]nfO . kmO{@ gf) [k|f) kmSsf] != sOfsf] kdf x]sf] dl;g hns0f . @= 3fF;
ft cflbdf zLt kbf{ b]lvg] ;"Id hns0f . #= sf7sf efF8fsF8fdf nfUg] ;]tf] vO{ 9;L
. kms\g! c) lqm) [km:s g] != 8f]L, wfuf] cflbsf] aGwg jf ufF7f] v:sg km:sg . @
= lgoGq0faf6 dQm xg 56sff kfpg . #= dfqfeGbf a9L vr{ ug{ ;DklQ ;Sg . kms\g@
;) lqm) [k|f) kmSs g] != dv clnslt vnf kf] j]ul;t ;f; 5f]8\g k"mk"m ug{ . @= ;f
;n] sg} xnsf] j:t p8fpg . #= f]u zfGt ug{ dGq k9] k"mk"m ug{ emfkms ug{ . $= ;f
;sf j]un] cfuf] afNg jf ;Nsfpg . %= z\v cflb ahfpg . ^= sfgdf uKt sf ug{ . &=
xf]Rofpg grflxFbf] lgGbf ug{ . *= cfjZoseGbf a9L vr{ ug{ . kmsGtf lj) [kms\ cGt
f] != kf;f], aGwg, ktGqtf cflbaf6 dQm ePsf] p8Gtf kmsfxf . @= kmskmfs, tGqdGq cf
lbff nfuf] kG;fpg] e"tk|]taf6 ePsf] afwfljg x6fpg] . > kmsGt] lj) != kmsGtf (kms]s
f] jf dQm) . @= kmsGtf (kmskmfs ug]{) . kmskmfs gf) [kms\ c (l))] wfdL, emfFqmL
cflbn] nfuf] jf e"tk|]tsf] afwf x6fpgsf lglDt kmSg] sfd kmfskms emfkms . kmsfO
gf) [ kms\( cfO)] != kmSg] jf km:sg]km:sfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . @= kmSg] lqmof jf k
"mk"m ug]{ lqmofk|lqmof k"mk"mufO . #= w]} vr{ ug]{ sfd . [ > ] kmsfOg s) lqm) !=
kmSg], km:sg] jf km:sfpg] kflg . @= kmSg nfOg k"mk"m ufOg . #= w]} vr{ ug]{ k
flg . kmsfpgL != gf) lk;fay}nL d"qfzo . @= kf7]3 kmls{P aflx lg:s]sf], eSs p7]sf]
fu . kmsfpg ;) lqm) != kmSg nufpg k"mk"m ug{ nfpg . @= w]} vr{ ufpg . #= afwfc8
\sfp cflb x6fpg nfpg . $= wfuf], 8f]L cflbsf] ufF7f] vf]Ng aGwgdQm ug{ . %= k
m:sg] kfg{ km:sfpg . kmsfpf] lj) a]sfdf w]} vr{ ug]{ :jefjsf] kmsfxf axvrL{ .
sfbfd gf) [k"m bfd] Psbfdd"Nosf] rf efusf] Ps efu d"Nosf l;Ssf . k m sfkmfn lj) [kmS
sf kmfn] != lgoldt cfr0f jf
862

cgzf;gdf gx]sf] 5f8f . @= :jtGq cfk"mv;L rNg] . kmsfn\g ;) lqm) [kms\ cfn g] !=
g, ufF7f] cflb vf]Ng kmsfpg kmg . @= hLpdf nufPsf nuf, uxgf cflb vf]Ng lemSg
 . #= hl8Psf] j:t vf]Ng v:sfpg . $= s;};u F sg} j:t olQmk"js { 9\un] lng km
:sfpg . > kmsfnfO gf) kmsfNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmsflng s) lqm) kmsfNg] sfd
ulg . kmsfxf lj) [kms\ cfxf] kmSg] :jefjsf] kmsfpf] . kmlsg s) lqm) [kms\ O g
dvaf6 j]ul;t xfjf 5f]l8g . @= w]} vr{ ulg . #= kml:sg vl:sg . kmsL! gf) [g]
jf)] w]} k:tfsf bfhefO aGwju{ . kmsL@ gf) df?gL gfr gfRtf ufOg] Ps uLt . kmsL9
n lj) [kms\ O{ 9n] kmSg]lalQs} 9Ng] jf n8\g] vfnsf] Hofb} bAnf] dGRofF;] . kmsG8]
j) [kmsG8f] P] kmsG8f] ePsf] kmsG8f] k]sf] . kmsG8f] gf) [kms\ pG8f]] != zLdf
s]sf] df+;lk08 jf kfgL cflb elPsf] kmf]sf] . @= :qLhfltsf] kf7]3 kmls{P lg:s]sf] e
Ss p7]sf] c+z . #= a]ng . kmsjf lj) [kms\ pjf] != kmSg] vfnsf] w]} vr{ ug]{ kmsf
pf] . @= aGwg jf lgoGq0faf6 dQm ePsf] 56sff kfPsf] . ~ khL{ gf) sg} 7fpFdf cfjthfj
t ug],{ sg} sfdsf ljifodf n]gb]g ug]{ tyf sg} :yfgljz]ifdf xgk  g]{ t sf0fjz f]lsPs
f sfdsfpksf] aGb]h kms]sf] hgfpg] khL{ .  6f] ee] kmsf] lj) [kms\ cf]] != s
Psf] asN kmkm] . @= l3pt]n cflb lrNnf] gk]sf] kfgLn] gdl5Psf] ;Svf km;|f] . #
g, tsf{L cflb gePsf] lg:tf] . kmsf}f] lj) [kms\ cf}f]] kmsfpf] . kmSsf lj) [kms
= aGwgaf6 dQm ePsf] kms]sf] aGwgdQm . @= lgoGq0faf6 56sff kfPsf] :jtGq :jfwLg . >
kmSsL gf) != s]6fs]6Lsf v]ndf v]n :ylut fVg] ;f\ s ] l ts zAb . ( h:t} wLrf] 6 v]
n df elgg] sfFsLkmSsL) . @= kmSsf . kmSsf] lj) kmSsf . kmSng c) lqm) [kms\ n g]
sg} j:t hf]l8Psf] jf hl8Psf] 7fpFaf6 5lg pv]lng km:sg v:sg . > kmSnfO gf) k
Sng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmSnfOg s) lqm) kmSng] kflg . kmlSng c) lqm) pv]lng v
l:sg . kmSnf] lj) [ kmsf]] kmsf] lg:tf] . km gf) [k|f) kmUu] ef]6f], bf}f, rf]
f] cflbsf km]df ufFl;g] sk8f . kmf] gf) k]6ff] . km\sf gf) [;+)] ;k{ cflbn] j]un]
5f]8\bf lg:sg] zAb k"mTsf .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
863

km\ukmL km6 sfFqmf] gf) sfFqmfsf h:tf kft xg], ;;fgf kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg], sfFqmfs
f em}F xlof nfdf kmn nfUg] kfs]kl5 kx]Fnf xg], leq ;]tf laofF ;]t} ubL xg] Ps
hftsf] g\u|] nxf] To;}sf] kmn . km6 k:t lj) Pp6} ;d"x jf bndf tyf Pp6} ljrf jf l;4fG
df x]sf JolQmxdWo] s]xL JolQmx cnu eP jf km6] klxn] x]s} ;d"x jf l;4fGtsf] ljf]wdf
g] . km6kfy gf) [c\)] != fhky jf d"n ;8ssf bO{ lsgffdf dflg; lxF8\g agfOPsf] k]6L
. @= dflg; lxF8\g] ;8s5]psf] uf]]6f] . km6k|; ] gf) [c\)] nuf l;pg] ldl;gsf] sk8f
;fg]{ bfFtLsf dflyNnfkl x]sf], sk8f lyRg] c\u jf khf{ . km6kmf6 gf) [km6 kmf6] km
6\g] jf kmf]lg] sfd 66km6 . k m 6an gf) [c\)] != uf]8fn] xfg] v]lng], 5fnfn] df]xf
]lPsf], xfjf elg] asf] 7"nf] esG8f] . @= ;f]xL esG8f] v]lng] Ps v]n . km6n lj) [km
] km6]sf] -rLh jf j:t_ . km6f gf) skf;sf] aLh jf laofF Hofk . km6fO gf) [ km6\
( cfO)] km6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] km6fO gf) km6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . km6fOg s) lqm) km6\g nfOg, km6\g] kflg . km6fpg k|]) lqm) != sg} l;\uf
] j:tnfO{ 6qmf kfg{ 6qmfpg kmf]g,{ km6fNg . ;) lqm) @= lrf kfg{ rsf{pg 5
fFbf] jf wfFhf] kfg{ . #= d]n ePsfnfO{ km6 jf a]dn ] u/fpg 5fpg cnUu kfg{ jf c
nUUofpg . km6fgL gf) ;fdfGo sfnfO{ a9fOr9fO u] cfk"mcfk"mdf j}dg:o kfg]{ sfd afemfa
em . km6fn\g ;) lqm) [km6\ cfn g] kmf]g{ bO{ 6qmf kfg{ . > km6fnfO gf) km6fNg
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . km6flng s) lqm) 6qmf6qmf kflg kmf]lg . kml6g s) lqm)
[km6\ O g] 6qmf6qmf xf]Og 6qmf6qmf kflg kmf]lg . km6]sf] lj) [km6\ Psf]] 6
] 66]sf] lrlPsf] . ~ sd{ gf) efUo xfPsf] cj:yf . ~ k} ; f gf) ;fx|} yf]} b|Jo rgb
k m lqm) lj) [c) d") km6\6 < ;+) :km6] != sg} j:t, sf cflb pl5lg] u] Eofutf
|f km8\s]h:t} uL . lj) @= qmd jf z[\vnfdf gldn]sf] cnUu kmf leGg 5f . > kmf lj
h jf hdftaf6 leGg jf 5} x]sf] cnu PSnf] kmf] l7\uf] . @= hf]8L gePsf] a]hf]8L l
f] . gf) #= Ps kf;fdf bjf bO{ kf;fdf kf]6kf]6 kbf{ xg], kf;fsf v]nsf] Ps bfp rf
kmLsf] bfp kf;fsf] rf}sf bfp . kmL gf) [kmf O{] != ;fgf] yf]Knf] ljGb l6sL . @=

km\u lqm) lj) [c) d") km\ u] != r]xf, cflb lg:t]h xg] uL lkmSsf kg]{ lsl;dn] k
kft s]xL geO{ vnf eP . #= bbtL w"nf] p8\g] rfndf . km\lugkm\lg lj) [kms\ Og] !=
Q ;a} p8fP tGgd ePsf] ula lgw{g . @= kmsfpf] . > km\lug] km\lg] lj) kml\lug
[c)d") km\ ] x]) km\u . kmrf lj)gf) [kmrf] cf] x]) kmRrf] . kmfrLkmrL gf) k
rL . > kmrL gf) kmRrL .  cf] x]) kmrg . kmrgL gf) kmrgf gf)lj) [kmrg ;;f
f s]6fs]6L dl;gf efeL . > kmrgL gf) ;fgL kmRrL . kmrgkmrgf] lj) [kmRr p g
= ;fx|} ;fgf] xf]rf] kmRrf] . gf) @= ;fg kmRrf] jf s]6f] . kmr] lj)x]) kmRrf]
. kmrf] gf)lj)x]) kmRrf] . kmRrf lj) [kmRrf]sf] lt))] != ;fgf] bsbsf] kmRrf] .
) @= ;fgf] aRrf . kmfRrLkmRrL gf) ;;fgf s]7fs]6L e/fe/L . > kmRrL gf) != sfGnfsf
emf;em;df uF8 nufpg] eFu]fh:tf] Ps hftsf] r/f] . @= ;fgL s]6L jf aRrL . kmRr]
lj)x]) kmRrf] . kmRrf] lj) [aRrf]] != ;fgf] sbsf] xf]rf] . gf) @= ;fgf] s]6f] jf
aRrf] . #= xf]rf] jf k8\sf] dfG5] . km6\g c) lqm) [;+) :km6g g] != sg} l;\uf] j:
t 6qmf kg{ 6lqmg 66g \  . @= lrf kg{ wfFhf kmf6\g rs{g lrlg . #= kfs]sf v
3fp cflbsf dvaf6 ut, kLk cflb lgSng . $= ldn]sf j:t jf JolQmx cnlUug 5lg . %=
Kjfn kg{ jf dv aGg l5b| xg . ^= d]n gxg kmf6f] kg{ 5lg km6 xg . km6! g
) [c\)] != nDafO, rf}8fO cflb gfKg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] afx| OGrsf] gfkf] . @= To;}af
asf] gfk jf dfg uhsf tLg efudWo] Ps . km6@ gf) [;+) :km6g] lj/f]w, j}dg:o cflbaf6
xg] a]d]n kmf6f] . km6s lj) [;+) :km6 s] != sg} :yfg, ju{ jf ;d"xdf gldnL cnUu} x
] >]0fL jf xfdf gldn]sf] d"n ljifob]lv aflxsf] (km6s sf], km6s sljtf, km6s ljif
@= kmf6km6 ljljw . #= (Jofkfdf) 8Ss jf yk}| geP a]Unfa]Un} 5fOPsf] rfgrg vbf|
(dfn, k};f cflb) . km6gf]6 gf) [c\)] != n]v, k:ts jf u|Gysf k[i7sf] k5fdf lbOg]
l6Kk0fL kfbl6Kk0fL . @= cfk"mn] n]v]sf sg} sfsf kli6sf lgldQ cGo u|Gyaf6 lnOPsf p40
fsf] ;Gbe{ .

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmf]kms{g tf; cflbdf PSsf, bjf, ltsL{ cflb hgfpg] yf]Knf jf l6sL . #= clt ;fgf]
dfg jf dfqf Go"gtd kldf0f . lqm) lj) $= Ps hft klg k6Ss . ~ sf}8L gf) s]xL klg gxg
] l:ylt cls~rgtf . > km] lj) kmL ePsf] kmf k]sf] . @= cnlUuPsf] 5f a;]sf] . k
kmf] != ;d"xdf gxL PSnf] x]sf] JolQm jf j:t . lj) @= PSnf] 5f l7\uf] . #= km6]
sf] . kmtkmt lqm) lj) [c) d") kmt\ c(l))] != wdfwd PsPsj6f lg:sg] jf k:g] uL . @=
kfn}l;t xofpFb} jf ldNsfpFb} . > kmtkmtL lqm) lj) kmtkmt kmtkm t . kmtkm
 t lqm) lj) != kmtkmt . @= PsPs yf]kf tlKsPh:t} uL v;] . kmTsg c) lqm) [c) d")
mt\ s g] != Ps 7fpFaf6 pl5lP csf{ 7fpFdf kUg pl5lg lrlKng . @= hf]l8Psf] jf 6fFl
f] 7fpFaf6 sg} j:t PsfPs km:sg jf v:sg . #= sg} j:tsf r]kdf jf bnfdf x]sf] j
:t j]un] lg:sg aflx lg:sg . $= ;dfltPsf] JolQm k|xLsf] cfFvf 5nL efUg jf pDsg
. > kmTsfO gf) kmTsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmTsfOg s) lqm) kmTsg] kflg . k
mTsfpg k|) ] lqm) kmTsg nfpg pDsfpg . kmTsf gf) [;+) k"mTsf] != a:tefp cflbn]
;fx|} l;fPsf] j]nf dv jf gfsaf6 j]uk"j{s ;f; lgsfNbf cfpg] zAb . @= ;k{n] km0ff
p7fP ;f; km]bf{ lg:sg] zAb km\sf . kmlTsg c) lqm) [kmTs O g] != kmTsg . @= kmT
xf]Og plDsg . k m Q lqm) lj) [c) d") kmt\ t] != sxLF st}af6 cs:dft\ lgl:sP jf k
;]h:tf] uL . @= PsfPs lg:sg], kmflng] jf ldlNsg] u] . #= st} g5f]O{ km8\sg] jf gfg]
lsl;dn] . kmqSs lqm) lj) [c) d") kmqs\ s] != sg} j:t PsfPs v:g] uL vqS  s . @=
xnsf tjn] pk|mg] lsl;dn] anS { s . ] s;};Fu s]xL sf dfUg] sfd dugL kmg] gf) [g]j
kmf]g] ofrgf . kmlG6g gf) [ kmfpG6]g] d;L eg]{ snd kmfpG6]g . kmkf gf) [k|f) kKkm
f] kmkfh kmkfHo" . > kmkfhkmkfHo" gf) kmk"sf klt jf nf]Ug] kmkf . kmkfnL gf)
[kmk" cfnL] kmk"sf] 3 kmk"sf kltsf] 3 . kmk" gf) [kmkf pm] afasL lbbL jf alxgL .
sf] ;f4 lj) gu] klg xg] sfhlqmof . ~ rf gf) ljjfxdf bnfxf ag]sf ebfxfn] kmk"lbbLnf
O{ lbg] sk8f jf k};f . ~ r]nf gf) kmk"sf ;Gtfg . ~ ;f;" gf) kTgLsf gftfdf kltsL k
mk" kltsf gftfdf kTgLsL kmk" ;;fsL lbbL jf alxgL . kmKkm; gf) [;+)] kmf]S;f] .
864

kmd8L gf) s]xL sf klg gxg] l:ylt cefj lSttf z"Gotf . kmdGt gf) [km dGt] != wf
j}Bn] e"tk|t ] cflbsf] afwf x6fpgsf lglDt dGq kl9;s]kl5 clGtddf eGg] zAb . @= hf
b OGb|hfn . #= sg} sfd crDd kfg]{ uL ;lhn}l;t ug]{ k|lqmof . lj) $= a]kQf ufoa . k
m\g c) lqm) [;+) :km g] != df}sf jf cfjZos k]sf cj:yfdf dgdf sg} gofF efj jf ljrf
 :d0f xg ;Demg . @= zLsf c\uk|To\u kmkmfpg . #= cfuf] jf l3pt]ndf ;s]sf] j:t
km{ kmSg jf kmNg . kmkm lqm) lj) [c) d") km\ c(l))] != cn] ;xfPsf] ;Gbf dS
uL kmkmlg] jf b\ kg]{ uL kmkmlg] jf b\ kg]{ rfn;Fu . @= sg} sfut, kft cflb
lsl;dn] xNng] uL . #= ;;fgf ktnL cflb p8\g] lsl;dn] . > kmkmfO gf) kmkm ug]{ efj
lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmkmfOg c) lqm) kmkm ulg . kmkmfpg c) lqm) kmkm x
. kmkmlg c) lqm) km/ km/ xf]Og kmls{g . kmkm] lj) kmkm xg] jf ug]{ .
m ofO gf) kmkmlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . k m k m ofOg s) lqm) k m k m lg
k m Sof{ O g . kmkmofpgk|]) lqm) kmkmlg] kfg{ kmSof{pg . kmkmofx6 gf)
efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof . kmkmofxf lj) kmkmlg] vfnsf] kmls{g] :jefjsf] . km
gf) [ km\( cfO)] != kmg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [k m fp cfO ] @= k m fpg] efj, lq
of jf k| l qmof . [ > ] kmfOg s) lqm) kmg]{ jf km/fpg] ul/g . kmfpg k|]) lqm)
!= kmg]{ kfg{ . ;) lqm) @= l3pt]ndf Hjfg, d]yL, vf];f{gL, hfOkmn cflb k8\sfpg
 . kmlg c) lqm) != df}sfdf ;xfpFbf] rflxFbf] ljrf lg:sg . @= l3pt]n cflbdf d;n
f cflb kmlng . kmL gf) [ef]) a)] rf}FL jf e]8f sg]{ ssx a:g] kfn]3h:tf] 7fpF s
g] uf}F8f] jf bf]af6f] . k m ? gf) [ef]) a)] != ljz]if uL ef]6] hfltn] k|of]u ug]
{ sf7sf] a6sf] . @= lrof vfg] sf7sf] Kofnf jf sk . km?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") km?s
\ s] cfgf] k|z+;f ;Gbf jf dgsf] OR5f k"0f{ xb F f b kg]{ u/L cfk"mn] lrtfPsf] j:t
k|fKt xFbf kmls{P km?\ . km?\ lqm) lj) [c) d") km?\ u] != km?Ss . @= v;L,
kmNg] uL . kmf}nfkmf}nf] gf) [km\ cf}nfcf}nf]] != df;, kmfk cflb lkFw ] l3pt]
gfOg] 8Nnf] vfg]s f] kmnf}/f . @= kmf}nf]h:tf] eP p7]sf] 66Nsf] . kms{g c) lq
[c) d") km\ s g] != sg} sfn] ;Gtf]if lnP dSv kg{ km?Ss xg kmls{g . @= 3dG8n]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
865

kmsL{kmn lsl;dsf] v]n . kmn{ gf) [;+) ko{:t] rf]ofn] ags ] f], dv s]xL ;fgf]
k]6 kms]sf] xg,] rf, df5f, sfpgL cflb xfNg] efF8f] sF8fnLsf 5fF6sf] To:tf sf];]nLk
ft xfNg] k]?\uf] . km;{tkm;{b gf) [c) km;t] sfdaf6 vfnL x]sf] ;do sfd gePsf] a]nf
nL ;do cjsfz . > km;{ltnf] km;{lbnf] lj) km;{t ePsf] km;{lbnf] . kmn\g c) lqm)
;+) kmNn g] != sf]lknf] kmSg jf kmqmg klikt xg ljsl;t xg . @= f]6L cflb plS
;P eSs xg eSnSs kg{ . #= zLsf] sg} efu pS;g ;lGgg . $= 3dG8 jf l;n] udSs kg
Dsg . %= wdwdtL k] a:g . ^= s]z kfSg f}F ;]tf] xg . &= lax] ug{ nfos xg . k
mn! gf) [k|f)] ;;fgf hLj (rfr?\uL, df5f, ;fFk cflb) hGdg], Psfkl s]xL rRrf]h:tf]
k]sf] uf]nfsf lk08 c08f c08 l8Daf . kmn@ lj) [c\)] != elefp k"0f{ k"f . @= k|z
. kmn# gf) [;+) kmNn] != af]6la?jfdf kmn nfUgeGbf klxn] lg:sg] dgf]x Pj+ ;sf]d
n c\u kmn]sf] sf]lknf] kik s;d ;dg k|;"g . @= h Ct (h:tf] cfsf] k"mn kmln;
ds}, wfg, hg]nf] cflb e6\tf ljsl;t ePsf] :jk nfjf . $= :qLhfltn] 6fpsfdf nufpg],
;gsf] r]K6f], kftnf] j[Qfsf uxgf lzk"mn . %= Njfsf 6Kkfdf kms] x]sf] km:sf] c+z
f] uf]6f . ~ skf; gf) kfFr5 dlxgfdf kfSg] jf kmNg] skf; kmf skf; . ~ lsnf] gf) Njf
sLnf] . ~ sf]kLsf]aL gf) 7"n7"nf fof]sf h:tf, kfp8 l56]h:tf nfUg] km;|f kft xg,] 6
Kkfdf gf}gL l3psf] h:tf] ;]tf] kx]Fnf] 8Nnf] nfUg] tyf tf]Lsf h:tf u]8f kmNg] Ps
jg:kltljz]if . ~ vfgL gf) cFuf kr] ;]tf] ePsf] vfgL e:d lje"lt . ~ vfhf gf) dL7f]
sf] . ~ uf]eL gf) k"mnsf]kL . ~ h8Lem8LemL gf) k"mnsf cfsfsf lemNsf lg:sg] Ps k| s
ft;afhL . bfgbfgL gf) zf]efsf lgldQ k"mnxsf] uR5f] fVg] sfFr, wft, df6f] cflbsf] e
fF8f] . gfd gf) Gjffgdf fv]sf gfdb]lv cltlQm af]nfpg] Koff] gfd jf pkgfd . ~ kftL g
!= k"mn kft . @= cflZjg zSn ;KtdLsf] lbg . #= pQm lbg buf{k"hfsf lgldQ leofOg]
kq, kik cflb . ~ kfg{ 6) != gePsf sf ll6Ss kf] eGg . @= htftt} :jf:gL a6nL w]}
5f]L kfpg . ~ k|;fb gf) sg} ze sfo{, o1 cflbdf jf b]pb]ptfnfO{ r9fOPsf] k"mn, c5]
tf, g}a]b cflb . ~ afL gf) k"mn f]lkg] jf k"mn ePsf] au}Frf . af;f gf) wfgsf] Ps hft
. dtL gf) dl;g af:gfbf wfgsf] Ps hft .

cledfg ug{ . > kmsf{O gf) kms{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmsf{Og s) lqm) kms
{g nfOg kms{g] kflg . kmsf{pg k|]) lqm) kms{g nfpg kms{g] kfg{ . kmls{g c)
lqm) km?Ss kflg kms{g] xf]Og . kmsL{ lj) [kmsf] { O{] k5fsf emKkfsf f}F ;]tf
ePsf] (ufO{) . kms]{ lj) [kmsf] { P] != kmsf]{ ePsf] kmsf]{ k]sf] . @= k5fsf e
mKkfsf f}F ;]tf] ePsf] (uf]?) . ~ 3fF ; gf) 6Kkfdf kmsf]{ ePsf] , kfvfafLdf knfp
g] 3fF; . ~ y}nf] gf) sk8fsf 6qmfx ufFl;Psf] y}nL . ~ wfuf] gf) 6Kkfdf kmsf{ ePs
f] , :jf:gLdfG5]n] skfndf nfpg] wfuf] . ~ aG;f] gf) 6Kkfdf b]lvg] kmsf{df KofhL
xg] Ps hftsf] aG;] 3fF; . kmsf]{ gf) [kmsf{ cf]] != :qLhfltn] skfndf nufpg] wfuf
sf 6Kkfdf x]sf] uhN6f] . @= unaGbL, k5f}f, OFhf cflbsf 5]pdf xg] emfn jf emKkf]
. #= wf] wsf]{ . kmSof{O gf) [ kmls{( ofO)] kmls{g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
kmSof{Og s) lqm) kmls{g nfOg kmls{g] kflg . kmSof{pg k|) ] lqm) kmls{g nfpg
 kmls{g] kfg{ . kmSof{x6 gf) kmls{g] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . kmSof]{6 gf
) kms{g] jf v;L xg] sfd kmSof{O . kmlt{nf] lj) [kmtL{ Onf]] kmtL{ ePsf] sfdsfh
df l56f] hfFulnf] . kmtL{ gf) [ k"mlt{] k"mlt{ kmOFkmfOF . kmftL{ gf) kmtL{ jf
u, pT;fx, ;lqmotf cflb b]vfpg] sfd k"mlt{kmflt{ . afhL gf) Hofb} kmtL{ n8fpg] sfd j
f :jefj . jfn lj) kmtL{ ePsf] k"mlt{jfn . kmdf{O gf) [ kmdf{p( cfO)] kmdf{pg] efj
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmdf{Og s) lqm) kmdf{pg nfOg kmdf{Og . kmdf{O; gf)
[kmf) kmdfOz] x]) kmdf{O; . > kmdf{O;L gf) x] kmdf{O;L . kmdf{pg ;) lqm) [kmdf{p g
] != sg} sf fd|L l;Fuf] jf ;Lk nfP agfpg lrl6Ss kfg{ . @= kmdf{pg . kmdf{; gf
mdfOz] != dgv;L jf sg} pknIodf ulg] a9\tf vr{ kmdf{O; . @= sg} rLh ljz]if kn] agfpg
jf Nofpgsf lglDt lbOg] cf1f jf cfb]z . > kmdf{;L lj) != kmdf{; ulPsf] kmdf{OPsf
] . @= cfjZoseGbf a9L vr{ ePsf] . gf) #= dVo sfddf geP ;fwf0f cfjZostfsf lglDt 5fO
Psf] sd jf j:t (h:tf] kmdf{;L vr{, kmdf{;L nuf cflb) . km{ lqm) lj) [c) d") km\
!= Ps} emd6df xfjfdf sfut, kft clb p8\g] uL @= rf, ktnL cflb p8\g] lsl;dn] . #= d
vdf kfgL jf ;ft xfn] kmStf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . $= l3pt]ndf sg} j:t kmg]{ jf
kmfOsf] zAb cfpg] uL > kmf{gf) s]6fs]6Ln] pk|mb F ,} bub{} v]Ng] Ps

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmn sf]6{km:sg OG;fkm ug{] sfdafx]s cGo sfdsf lglDt a;]sf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf k|wf
g GofofwLz tyf c GofofwLzxsf] ;ef . kmnh8Lkmnem8L gf) [kmn\ h8 O{)] va} l;kmfl/;
{ jf af eg]{ sfd l/l6Ss kfl/g] s/f . kmn a]Gr gf) [c\)] != k|wfg GofofwLz;lxt tLg
jf tLgeGbf a9L GofofwLzxsf] a]Gr jf ;ef ljz]if kll:yltdf k|wfg GofofwLzsf thlahn]
g} ul7t k|wfg GofofwLz;lxt tLg jf ;f]eGbf a9L GofofwLz ePsf] a]Gr jf ;ef . @= l8
lehg a]Grdf fo kmf6\g uPsf] d2f x]g]{ a]Gr . kmnfO gf) [ kmn\( cfO)] kmNg] efj, l
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmnfOg s) lqm) kmNg] kflg kmNg nfOg klikt ufOg . kmn
fpg k|) ] lqm) kmNg] kfg{ kmNg nfpg klikt ufpg . kmnf\uf] gf) [k"mn cf\uf]]
n gnfuL kmn] dfq v] hfg] kmnk"mnsf] af]6 efn] v . lj) @= rfF8rfF8} kmNg] . kmlng
c) lqm) [kmn\ O g] k"mnsf] sf]lknf km6\g] jf kmNg] xf]Og . k m ln:s] k gf) [c\)
kmN;\Sofk] ldl;gdf k]n] tof ulPsf] , 8f] f gxflnPsf] b] z L sfuh !@ !% jf !@!^ O
] xg] To:tf] sfutsf] gfkf] jf cfsf . kmnL gf) [kmn O{] != :qLhfltn] gfsdf nufpg]
;fgf] k"mnsf] cfsfsf] ;gsf] uxgf gfsk"mnL . @= hQf, k]6L, km6an cflbsf] lkmQf 3
;fg]{ Kjfndf hl8g] wftsf] rSsf cfsfsf] j:t . kmn\uf gf) uAaff . kmn] lj) [kmn
f] P] cfFvfdf k"mnf] k]sf] k"mnf] k]sf] cfFvf xg] . kmn]n! lj) [;+) kmn\ Pn] != k|;G
tfn] k"0f{ ePsf] b\, v;L . @= k"mn;dfg k|;Gg k|km  Nn . kmn]n@ gf) [k"mn t]n] k"mns
] ;uGw ldnfOPsf], k"mns} h:tf] af:gf cfpg] t]n ;ulGwt t]n . kmnf] gf) != eft ks
fPsf] efF8fsf] kLFwdf a:g] eftsf l;tfsf] bfu . @= cfFvfsf] gfgLdf lg:sg] ;]tf] a
fbn . #= t]n k]Ngsf lglDt s6] w"nf] kflPsf] tf]L, lkmn\u], sbd cflbsf] r"0f{ . kmnf
}/f gf)x]) km/f}nf . kmNsf gf) [kmn\ s\ cf] tfjfdf ksfO{ cfufdf ;]sfP kmnfOPsf], lr
Nnf] gxfn]sf] uxs F f] f]6L . kmNrf]sL gf) [;+) kmNnf]Rr] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] c
fUg]o sf]0fdf x]sf], uf]bfjL tLy{dflysf] pRr lzv hxfF ]l8of]
(:qL gfd klg). kmn sf]6{ gf) [c\)]
866

g]kfnsf] 6fG;ldl6 6fj x]sf] 5 . (ToxfF kmNrf]sL b]jLsf] d]nf nfUb5) . kmNofO gf) [
mNofp( cfO)] kmNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmNofOg s) lqm) ;fGTjgf lbOg ;De
mfOaemfO ulg . kmNofpg ;) lqm) [;+) kmNn ofp g] != zf]s, f]u, bMv cflbdf k] cfl
fnfO{ ;fGTjgf jf ef];f lbg lrQ aemfpg . @= f]PsfnfO{ zfGt ufpg ;Demfpg kmsfpg
pg . kmNn lj) [;+)] != sf]lknf kmlqmPsf] k|kmNn ljsl;t . v;L ePsf] k|;Gg xlif{t .
gf) #= k"mn kik ;dg . km; gf) [;+) tif] != 3 5fpg xg] v, kfn, sfF; cflb . @= ;
]sf] 3fF; cflb . km;8L gf) [km;|f] c8L] ;fw eO6f]kn]sf] vfgL 3;]sf] km;|f] . km;k
m; lqm) lj) [c) d") km;\ c(l))] != aGb x]sf] xfjf clncln u] 56\g] jf 5f]l8g] uL .
w"jfF, sOf] cflb clncln lg:sg] lsl;dn] . #= la:tfla:tf ckfgjfo lgl:sP . $= km:sf] j:
t yf]yf]} km6] v:g] uL km;km; . %= dl;g kfgL kg]{ lsl;dn] l;dl;d lala . > km;k
;km;L lqm) lj) cem} km;km; eP . km;km;] lj) [km;km; P] km;km; uL p8\g] km;k
;;Fu v:sg] jf km6\g] . ~ emf gf) uf]a cflb dn yk|]sf] 7fpFdf knfpg], kmNbf ;]tf
] \usf] b]lvg], xfjf nfUbf km:; p8] hfg] k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] emf uf]a|]emf . km;L
[k|f) kml;c] != jLo{ zqm . @= ln\usf 6Kkfsf] 5fnfleq 6fFl;P xg] ;]tf] dn . #= :q
Lsf] of]lg ;fO{ cfpg] lrKnf] kbfy{ . km;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") km;s \ s] != ;lhn}l
;t km:sg] jf v:sg] uL . @= Ps} l5gdf lgbfpg] rfn;Fu . #= s;}nfO{ yfx} glbO{ sfd
ull;Wofpg] lsl;dn] . km;km; lqm) lj) [c) d") km;\ p(l))] != km:sg] jf v:sg] uL
. @= lgMzAb kdf ckfgjfo 5f]8 ] . #= v?v? lgbfpg] rfnl;t . $= sg} sfd ;lhn}l;t ;
?;? ug]{ uL . %= w"jfF, slxf] cflb pl8xg] uL . ^= dl;g kfgL klxg] lsl;dn] . km;
 c) lqm) [km;\ pn\ l6 g] lgbfpg e;l N6g . > km;N6fO gf) km;lN6g] lqmof jf k|
of . km;N6fOg s) lqm) km;lN6g nfOg . k m ; N 6fpg k|]) lqm) kml;lN6g nfpg
 km;lN6g] kfg{ wf]sfdf kfg{ 5Ng . km:sg c) lqm) [k|f) km;n g] != sl;Psf] jf
fF7f], ;sf{pgL cflb k]sf] j:t kmSg v:sg . @= sfdaf6 km;{t kfpg kmSsf xg d
St xg . #= cK7]f] l:ylt, afwf cflbaf6

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
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km:6fk]mt j:t PSsfl; km:sg] jf v:sg] uL . @= aGb x]sf] xfjf, ckfgjfo cflb la:t
f} lg:sg] uL . #= yfx} gkfOg] lsl;dn] ;lhn};Fu lgbfP . $= rf]6laF8L cflb vfP w"jfF k
mfNb} . %= tftf]5ff] s]xL klg gxg] l:yltdf kg]{ uL . lj) ^= km:;f . &= uDsg] cj:
yfsf] udSs dSv . km:;f gf) [km:; cf] != cfk"mn] rfx]sf] j:t tftf]5ff] s]xL klg gxg
] cj:yf z"Go l:ylt . lqm) lj) @= s]xL g s]xL;Fu l;Q}F . > kml:;g c) lqm) xftnfuL
z"Go xg tftf]5ff] s]xL klg gxg km:;fdf kg{ . km::ofO gf) [ kml:; ( ofO)] kml:
g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km::ofOg s) lqm) km:;f kflg kml:;g nfOg . km::ofpg k|)
] lqm) km:;f kfg{ kml:;g nfpg . km::ofx6 gf) kml:;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. kmxff gf) [c) kmJjfM] kf]vLdf h8]sf kfOkaf6 dfly;Dd kUg] uL j]ul;t lg:s]sf] kfgLs
f] 7"nf] l;sf{ kmf]xf . k" m lqm) lj) x]) km . k" m F lqm) lj) [c) d")] != l;fPsf
jf hWg lgpF vf]h]sf ufO{a:tn] gfsaf6 j]un] ;f; lgsfNbf zAb cfpg] uL . @= ;k{n]
kmTsfbf{ cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . gf) #= To; k|sfsf] zAb jf cfjfh . k"mTsf gf) [;+)]
!= ufO{a:t l;fP jf hWgsf lgldQ lgpF vf]Hbf gfsaf6 j]ul;t ;f; lgsfNbf pTkGg xg]
zAb . @= ;k{sf] km\sf . km]s \ g ;) lqm) [ofFs \ g] x]) ofFSg . > km]FsfO g
F g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km]FsfOg s) lqm) km]S F g nfOg . km]s F fpg k|]) lqm)
km]FSg nfpg . km]Flsg s) lqm) km]FSg] sfd ulg . km]sf gf) efif0f, gfrufg cflbsf]
;dflKtdf lbOg] k|z; + f;"rs tfnL . km]rf] gf) != t]n k]Ngsf lglDt tof kflPsf] k"mn
f] df8\g] sfd . @= t]n k]Ng] sf]n . km]6\g ;) lqm) [k|f) km]8 g] != tn kbfy{df lanf
pg] vfnsf] sg} r"0f{ kbfy{ xfn] 3f]Ng lkm6\g kmfpg . @= tf;sf kQLx tndfly kg]{ uL
km6\g . km] 6 gf) [kmfF6] != jlkl nufOPsf] jf p7fOPsf] 3]f] lubf{ . @= dflg;xsf a:t
sf] Ps ;d"x 6f]n . km]6f gf) [;+) km6f] != 6f]kLsf] ;f km]f] kf] lzdf a]lg] sk8f .
k|sfsf] kuL kfu ;fkmf . km] 6 fO gf) [ km]6\( cfO)] km]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
]6fOg s) lqm) km]6g \ nfOg . km]6fpg k|) ] lqm) km]6g \ nfpg lkm6fpg . km]l6g
s) lqm) km]6g \ ] sfd ulg lkml6g . km]t gf) [c) kmb{] sljtf jf Znf]ssf] klxnf] kf
p jf r0f

kf xg 56\g pDsg kmTsg . > km:sfO gf) km:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km:sfOg s)
qm) km:sg nfOg km:sg] kflg . km:sfpg k|]) lqm) km:sg nfpg km:sg] kfg{ . k
ml:sg c) lqm) != km:sg] xf]Og kmlsg . @= km:sg . km:6f gf) [ kmf] kf;fsf] v]
ndf rf kmL ePsf] bfp kmf . kml;|g c) lqm) [km;|f ] O g] != km;|f] xg lrNnf
 . @= nfe jf pknlAwaf6 jl~rt xg lxl:;g . k m l;| g L gf) [km;|f] OgL] u[x:y ;G
Gofl;gLnfO{ elgg] ckdfghgs zAb km;|f]sf] kf]yL k km;|]gL . ] O{] != lrNnf] gePsL l
rNnf]kg xfPsL . km;|L lj) [km;|f @= km;|f] jf v}f] sL . #= vfgL 3;]sL . gf) $= ;G
l;gLnfO{ ckdfg u] elgg] zAb . km;|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") km;|s\ s] != ljrf} guL jf gc
sgfO{sg lbg] uL v?Ss . @= uKt tan] sg} sfd ug]{ lsl;dn] v;Ss . #= sg} sf] s;}a
hn};Fu km:sfpg] jf v:sfpg] u] . $= ufF7f] kmSg] jf kmsfpg] lsl;dn] . %= xnsf
rfnn] n8\g] jf kN6g] uL . ] P] != lrNnf] gePsf] km;|f] . gf) @= hf]uL km;|] lj) [k
m;|f ;GGof;L -lgGbfy{df_ . #= km;|f] kft xg] jf s6; kmNg], dWo n]sdf xg] Ps
hftsf] v . ~ s]/f gf) km;|f af]qmf / 7"nf sf];f xg] Ps hftsf] s]/f . ~ rfFk gf) k
m;|f] /sf] Ps hftsf] rfFk . km;|]gL gf) [km;|f] PgL] x]) kml;|gL . km;|f] lj) !=
lrNnf]kg gePsf] kml;|Psf] . @= ;]tf] efjsf] s}nf] . gf) #= hf]uL jf ;GGof;LnfO{
lgGbf u] elgg] zAb . ~ w;|f] lj) != vfgL w"nf] 3;L ljk ePsf] . @= w"nf]dn } f] nfu]
f] w"nfdf n8La8L v]ns ] f] . km:o|fO gf) [ kml;|( ofO)] != kml;|g] efj, lqmof jf k
|lqmof . [km:o|fp cfO] @= km:o|fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] km:o|fOg s) l
qm) km;|f] kflg kml;|g nfOg . km:o|fpg k|]) lqm) km;|f] kfg{ kml;|g nfpg .
km:ng c) lqm) [kmn\ g] s;}sf kmsfpLdf nfUg csf dL7fdL7f sfdf cNemg jf km?\
km:nfO gf) km:ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km:nfOg s) lqm) km:ng nfOg km:ng] kflg
. km:nfpg k|) ] lqm) km:ng nfpg km:ng] kfg{ . kml:ng c) lqm) != km:ng] xf
]Og kmlsg . @= km:ng . km:NofO gf) kml:ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . km:NofOg s) l
qm) kml:ng nfOg kml:ng] kflg . km:Nofpg k|) ] lqm) kml:ng nfpg kml:ng] kfg
{ . km:Nofx 6 gf) kml:ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . km:Nofxf lj) km:Nofpg] :jefj
sf] km:ofpg] vfnsf] . km:; lqm) lj) [c) d") km;\ ;] != vsnf];Fu afFw]sf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

k]mQkm];g Ps k\lQm . km]Q gf) k]6]ef]6f] . km] b gf) [;+) kfb] != vsf] hfeGbf dfly
nf] tyf xfFuf nfUgeGbf tNnf] efu . @= kxf8sf k5f jf psfnf] nfUg] 7fpFsf] hldg .
#= ufh, d"nf cflbsf] ;fu knfpg]klsf] efu . $= k:ts cflbsf] ;?sf] efu . ~ 6Kkf]
gf) != v cflbsf] km]b 6Kkf] . @= kxf8 cflbsf] km]b 6Kkf] . #= lstfa cflbsf] ;?
cGt . km]bf\df gf) [ef]) a)] lnDa"hfltsf 3sf b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hf ug]{ zesfo{ ;dfkg
ug]{ tyf x]s wfld{s sfo{ ;DkGg ufpg] hftLo kf]lxt . km]bL gf) [km]b O{] != kxf8sf] tN
nf] efu k5f . @= pkTosf a];L . #= Ps afnL lnO;s]kl5 76faf6 g} pd|g] csf]{ afnL .
km] g gf) [;+)] kmLFh ufh . > km]gs gf) kmLFh km]g . km]lgn lj) km]g jf kmLFh ePsf]
m]goQm . ] f]L kfqf]cg;f ;fdfGo kn] cfO; km]a|cL gf) [c\)] u|u lbg xg], jif{sf]
;|f] dlxgf df3 kmfugsf aLrdf kg]{ O:jL dlxgf kmaL . (k|To]s rf/ jif{df of] dlxgf pg
GtL; lbgsf] xG5) . km]Dd gf) bnfxfsf tkm{af6 bnxLsf dfOtLdf nlug] k|yfcg;fsf df
n;fdfg . km]\g ;) lqm) [k|f) km] g] != sg} Ps;Fu csf]{ ;f6\g jf abNg ;fkf ug{
{ . @= pN6f] kfg{ pN6fpg . #= abnf lng ;f6f] km]g{ . $= hkdfnf 3dfpg . %= 3
f]8f cflbnfO{ d08nfsf ultdf 3dfpg sfjf vjfpg . ^= lb;flk;fa Tofu ug{ dnd"qflb 5
f8\g . km]! lqm) lj) [ km]f] km]f k6s kN6 . km]@ gf) [km]\ c] != sg} ljifodf kf
@= pN6f] ljkLt . #= 5n sk6 av]8f . $= pn6 kn6 x]km] km]abn . %= kljt{g lbgbzf
t . km]# gf) [km]f]] != jlkl 3ds ] f] :jk km]f] rSs . @=donkf];, sldh cflbsf sDd
tsf] efu . #= :qLhfltn] k6sf afFWbf jf ;fL nfpFbf 5f]l8g] lsgff jf 5]p . sNnL gf) l
jjflxtf gfLnfO{ PseGbf a9L k?ifn] hfL lt]/ Nofpg] lqmof . kmGb gf) != sg} s7f] kl
df kg]{ sfd rSsdf ?dlng] lqmof . @= s;}sf] 5nsk6, hfn;fh cflbdf kg]{ sfd . kmf gf) !
= sg} ljifosf] kljt{g jf x]km] cbnLabnL ;fkf . @= nufkmf6f] cflb abNg] jf km]g{] s
#= To:tf] k]mg]{ nufkmf6f cflbsf] hu]8f . km]n lgod gf) pQL uf]nf4{df bfofFkl blIf0
fL uf]nf4{df
868

afofFkl jfo df]l8P axg] lgod . km]xfgL gf) 3dGtf a]kfLnfO{ nfUg] b:t . km]f lqm)
[ km]l] k6s kN6 aflh rf]l6 km] . km]fO gf) [ km]( \ cfO)] km]g]{ lqmof jf k|lqm
]fOg s) lqm) k]mg{ nfOg, abnfOg . km]fpg k|) ] lqm) km]g{ nfpg abnfpg . | ] kN6
. @= km]l lqm) lj) [k|f) lkm] != csf]{ k6s bf];f c klg cem} . km]lg s) lqm) [km]
m]g]{ sfd ulg ablng . c) lqm) @= df]6fpFb} hfg alnof] xg . km]L! gf) [lkm\ O{] !
f]vdtfgofoL lkmGtf ;fwxn] e"tk|]t cflbsf k|sf]kaf6 nf]ssNof0f ug{ ftL 33df 3d] x
l;sf] afhf ahfpFb} lxF8\g] sfd . @= JofkfLxn] dfn lnO{ laqmL ug{ otfplt 3dlkm ug]{
sfd . #= sg} :yfgsf] jlkl 3Dg] lqmof k|blIf0ff . km]L@ gf) [c\)] != gfp, 8\uf cfl
ug]{ 7fpF gbL tg]{ 3f6 . @= 3f6df gfp, 8\uf cflb rnfpg] 7]Ssf . #= gbL cflb tg{sf
lglDt k|of]u ulg] pks0f . km]?jf lj) [km] \ pjf] != km]lg] :jefjsf] km]lPsf] . gf)
mgLsf] Ps k|sfsf] a:g] rs6L jf la5fpgf km]] . km] ] [km] \ P] != v;Lsf] /f}Faf6 aGg
Lsf 5fF6sf], eO{Fdf la5fOg] sk8f km]?jf . lj) @= km]/f] ePsf] km]/f] k/]sf] km]f] gf
) [k|f) km]0f] != sg} j:tsf] 3dfO rSs kmGsf] . @= cFufnf]esf] gfk . lj) #= 3dfpf]
]sf] . km]n lj) [c\)] != kLIff cflbdf c;kmn ePsf] cgQL0f{ . gf) @= c;kmntf ljkmntf .
km]n hdfgL gf) [c) km]n hfldg] != s;}n] san u]sf] sfd k"f xg] sfsf] 6\uf] gnfuGh
lbOg] DofbL jf c:yfoL hdfgL . @= b}lgs tflvdf xflh xg] san uL n]lvPsf] sfut . km]
nf gf) != vf]hs ] f] sg} j:t e]fpg] sfd e]6g \ ] sfd k|flKt . @= s;}sf] srqm jf kmGb
df kg]{ sfd . km] n  gf) [g]jf)] rvf{ff 6sLdf wfuf] eg{kbf{ nR5L c8fpg], 8d? cfs
fsf], 3Dbf wfuf] a]lg] ;fwg . km]jf gf) g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn If]qcGtu{t kf]vfdf x]sf]
Ps k|l;4 tfn . tfn gf) km]jf . km] ; gf) [c\)] sg} lglZrt KjfOG6sf] cIf uf9f jf xNs
b]lvg] k|sf uf9f xNsf b]lvg] cIf . km];g gf) [c\) km]zg] != z[\uf, ;hfj6 cflb ul
fd|f] 9fFrf nufpg] jf klxlg] 9f{ . @= rfnrng Lltljfh 9fFrfsfFrf . bf lj) z[
bdf gofF 9fFrfsfFrf ePsf] km];g dg kfpg] . bfL gf) gofF 9fFrfsfFrf ePsf] rfnrng jf L
tljfh . > km];g]an '

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
869

k]m;f]kmf]afF; utljgfsf] df;' . ~ ;f; gf) kmf]S;f]af6 lg:sg] eflifs Wjlgsf] pRrf0fdf
;xfotf k'ofpg] ;f; . ~ l;Fufg gf) gfsaf6 xQkQ gemg]{ lkFmh}lkmFh elPsf] afSnf] l;Fu
fg . kmf]S;f] gf) [;+) k'mKk'm;] k|f0fLsf] 5ftLleq x]sf] ;f; km]g{] d'Vo cjoj k'mKk
'm; . kmf]u6 lj) [kf]t) { kmf]uO ' 6]] sg} sfddf klg gcfpg] a]sfd] Joy{sf] lgy{s kmf
. kmf] u 6f gf)x]) kmf]u6f] . kmf] u 6L gf) ;fgf7"nf kmf]u6fxsf] ;d"x . kmf]ul6of l
j) [kmf]u6 Oof] sg} sfddf gcfpg] ljgfsfdsf] Joy{sf] . kmf]u6f] gf) [ kmu6f]] ;fgf] cfF
f] jf cfnL nufO{ agfOPsf], v]tsf] ;fgf] u/f] jf kf6f] kmu6f] . kmf]uN6f] gf) [ kmf]
u6f]] != cy{ g ay{sf] sfdsf] a]sfsf] j:t . @= leq rfdn gk;]sf] kmf];|f] wfg kf]u6f]
kmf]lug lj) [ kmlF ug] dfUg] sfdaf6 hLjg wfGg] cls~rg duGt] . kmf]6f] gf) [c\) kmf]
f]u|fkm] cfwlgs j}1flgs k|lqmofff Sofdfn] lvr]sf] tl:a 5foflrq . u|fkm gf) kmf]6f]
u|fkm gf) kmf]6f]sf 5ljsf . > kmf]6f]uf | kmL gf) kmf]6f] lvRg] snf jf ljBf kmf] 6 f
j1fg . lnyf] gf) kmf]6f]u|fkmL;DaGwL oGqaf6 lgsflng] gsn k|lt . skL gf) k|ltR5lj k
|lts[lt lrq . kmf]8\g ;) lqm) [;+) :kmf]6 g] x]) kmf]g{ . > kmf]8kmf8 gf) kmf]kmf .
kmf]8f gf) [k|f) kmf]8] udL{ofddf SQljsfaf6 pR5g] vl6f] . kmf]8fO gf) [ kmf]8\( cfO)
]8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] kmf]8fOg s) lqm) kmf]8g \ nufOg kmf]fOg . kmf]8fp
g k|]) lqm) kmf]8\g nufpg kmf]fpg . kmf]8fkmf]8 gf) kmf]fkmf] . kmf]l8g s) lqm)
]8\g] sfd ulg kmf]lg . kmf]8j  f lj) kmf]?jf kmf]l8Psf] 6qmf kflPsf] (;kfL cfl
kmf]g gf) [c\)] != 6f9fsf dflg;n] k:k bO{ltaf6 jftf{nfk ug]{ oGq 6]lnkmf]g . @= kmf]
f]u|fkm . > kmf]gf]u|fkm gf) ]s8{df elPsf ufgfahfgf ahfpg] oGq u|fdf]kmf]g . kmf] \ g
;) lqm) [;+) :kmf]6g g] != l;\uf] j:tnfO{ bO{ ofs kfg{ km6fNg kmf]8g \  . @= lr
g{ km6fpg . #= 5fpg cnu kfg{ . $= sg} ;d"xnfO{ bO{ ;d"xdf ljeflht ug{ . kmf]
uf]?, fFuf cflbn] tfGg] uf8Lsf jfkf kUg] nfdf dVo sf7 . kmf]kmf gf) [kmf]\ kmf
]g]{ kmfg]{ sfd . @= laufg]{ jf eTsfpg] sfd . #=gfz ug]{ sfd Wj+; ug]{ sfd . kmf]a
fF; gf) [kmf]\ afF;] != kmf]] ef6f jf lrd agfpg]

lj) cfwlgs z[u \ fn] ;;lHht gofF lsl;dsf] klxgn] \ fk6f k|;fwgsf] ;fj{hlgs k|bz{g
oQm . ;f] z[u km];f] gf) != sf]bfnf], aGrf] cflbsf laF8 kf;fdf 3';fbf{ v'sn f] eP
f] v08df sl;nf] jf gxNng] kfg{ 3';flg] rf]O6f] jf 5]:sf] kf8\sf] . @= sf7 lrbf{ sf}
FtL gRoflkof];\ egL lr]sf] w;f]{df xflng] r'sn . km]xl:t gf) [kmf) kmxl:t] sg} ljifo
f j:t'sf] qmda4 gfdf\sg ;"rL tflnsf . km}sf gf) [c)] km]a . km} n lj)x]) kmon . km}n
c) lqm) [k|f) kmoNn g'] != sg} j:t' ;\sl rt l:yltaf6 lj:t[t x'g' lkmFlhg' km}lng' . @=
sf, ;dfrf, gfpF cflbsf] k|rf x'g' ljVoft x'g' . > km}nfO gf) km}ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof
km}nfOg' s) lqm) km}ng] kfl/g' km}ng nfOg' . km}nfp gf) km}ng] lqmof lj:tf . km}nfpg
' k|]) lqm);) lqm) km}ng] kfg'{ k|rf ufpg' lkmFhfpg' kfFHg' . km}nfj6 km}ng] lqmof
lqmof k}mlnPsf] kldf0f kmfs lj:tf . km}nfx6 gf) km}ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . km}ln
) lqm) lkmFlhg' ;j{q k|rf x'g' km}lng] xf]Og' . km}nf]6 gf) km}lnPsf] kllw jf kldf0f
}nfj6 . km};nf gf) [c) km}:n] sYo) km;]nf klg . != jfbL k|ltjfbLsf aLrdf pkl:yt e
Psf ljjfbsf] lg0f{o sg} d'2fdfldnfdf xsa]xs 5'fO{ jf ph'L ;fFrf] e"m6f] 7xfO{ cbfntn]
u]sf] lg0f{o . @= lg0f{o 7x . ;'g'jfO gf) sg} d'2fdfldnfdf cbfntn] u]sf] clGtd lg0f
;'gfpg] sfd . kmf]Og' s) lqm) [k'm O g'] k'msfOg' vf]lng' . kmf]s6 lj) [kf]t) { kmf]uO
' 6]] a]sDdfsf] Joy{sf] kmf]u6 . kmf]s; gf) [c\)] != 5lPsf ls0fx Pslqt eP xg] 7fpF
b' . @= kmf]6f] lnFbf n]G;ff lrq lnOg] j:t'sf] 5fofFnfO{ lgot :yfgdf l:y ug]{ k|lqm
of . kmf]sfkmf]sL gf) [kmf]sf] kmf]sf] O] ;fgf7"nf kmf]sfxsf] ;d"x . kmf]s] lj) [kmf]sf
] P] kmf]sf] ePsf] kmf]sf] p7]sf] . kmf]sf] gf) [;+) :kmf]6] != hLpdf pAh]sf] df;'le
q kfgL jf kLk elPsf] lk08 vl6f] . @= k'msG8f] kmF8 ' N ' sf] . #= kfgLsf] kmLFhleq xf
jf 3';] p7\g] 8Nnf] a'b\a'b . kmf]S;] lj) [kmf]S;f] P] != kmf]S;f]em}F k'mn]sf] . @=
;'lgP kx]Fnf] b]lvPsf] . #= utljgfsf] df;' nfu] ufnf k'Ss k]sf] . gf) $= afSnf] af]q
mf x'g] sfnLHofldsf cfsfsf] t lgs} 7"nf], kfStf ftf lah'nf x'g], sfFr}df cldnf] kfSt
f u'lnof] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] kmn 6fk . ~ dfof gf) b]vfj6L dfof . ~ df;' gf) l;ls:t eP p
7]kl5 nfu]sf]

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

kmf]/DofgofFs\g' vfnsf] afF; . @= kf]f] agfpg x'g] afF; . kmf]Dofg gf) [c\)] sf/vfgf
sfddf cnfO{ lgb]{zg ug]{ gfOs] . kmf]fO gf) [ kmf]( \ cfO{)] kmf]g]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [> ] kmf]fOg s) lqm) kmf]g{ nfOg kmf]8fOg . kmf]fpg k|) ] lqm) kmf]g{ nfpg kmf
8fpg . kmf]fkmf] gf) k:kdf Ps csf{sf ;fdfg jf 6fpsf kmf]8\g] sfd kmf]8fkmf]8 . kmf]l
s) lqm) kmf]g]{ sfd ulg kmf]l8g . kmf]?jf lj) [kmf] \ pjf] kmf]lPsf] 6qmf kflPsf
l8Psf] . afF; gf) kmf]lPsf] afF; lrlPsf] afF; . ;'kfL gf) kmf]lPsf] jf 6'So|fOPs
. kmf]/f] gf)x]) kf]/f] . kmf]N8 gf) [c\)] != x'nfs l6s6sf] klrofTds ;flxTo n]lvPsf]
lkmnf6]lns dxj xg], k6fOPsf] sfuhL j:t' . lj) @= sg} j:t'nfO{ ldnfP k6fOPsf] . > k
lN8 gf) k6fpg] sfd . kmf];f gf) [g]jf) j;f] != sg} j:t' vlb u]kl5 l;Q}F dflug] ;fgf
] j:t' tf;f . @= ljgfk|of;sf] cfDbfgL ljgfd"Nodf pknAw ePsf] j:t' . kmf];L gf) [g]j
f) jl;] la6 kms]{sf] d'v k]6 k|foM afa xg] tfdf jf lkQnsf] 7"nf] 7f8f] efF8f] . kmf]
l;|g ' c) lqm) [kmf];f|
] O g'] != kmnk"mn jf bfgfbf j:t'sf af]qmfleq u'bL geO{ kmf]
;|f] x'g' u'bL k'i6 gx'g' . @= cfzf k"0f{ gx'g' k|of; v] hfg' lxl:;g' . #= 3fpvl6f cf
b kfgL d] la;]s x'g cfF6g \ ' jf lgsf] eP e'jf p8\g yfNg' . kmf]; ]| lj) [kmf];f | ]
P] kmf];|f] . kmf];f |! ] gf) [ km;|f]] v;|f kft, emKkf k]sf ;]tf k"mn, ;fgf;fgf
ulnof] :jfbsf sfnf u]8f xg], 3fF; ufO{a:tn] vfg] af]qmfsf] kf6 sfl8g] Ps hft
sf] af]6 . kmf];f | ]@ lj) [;+) k?if] != ;f jf ubL gePsf] vf]lqmPsf] ;fxLg . @= lgik
mn ePsf] . #= dsfPsf] . kmf]:o|fO gf) [ kmf]l;|( ofO)] kmf];f | ] kfg]{ sfd kmf]l;|g]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [> ] kmf]:o|fOg s) lqm) kmf];|f] kflg kmf]l;|g] tNofOg . km
f]:o|fOnf] lj) kmf]l;|g] 5fF6sf] kmf];f| ] . kmf]:o|fpg k|) ] lqm) kmf];f | ] kfg{
kmf]l;|g nfpg . kmf]:o|fx6 gf) kmf]l;|g] efj, lqmof jf l:ylt kmf]:o|fO . kmf]:o|
fxf lj) ;fxLg kmf];f| ] . kmf]x lj) != ;kmf gePsf] d}nf] kmf]xf]/ . @= l3gnfUbf] dg
]{ . #= nfhefF8sf] cZnLn . gf) $= ux cflb dn lji6f . %= l3gnfUbf] j:t bul{ Gwt
j:t . kmf]x/f gf)x]) kmxf/f . > kmf]xf/L lj) x]) kmf]xf]/L . kmf]xf]/ gf) ;kmf ge
Psf] kmf]x/ . kmf]xf]/f gf) [c) kmJjf/] kmxf/f kmf]x/f .
870

kmf]xf]/L lj) [kmf]xf]/ O{] != kmf]xf]/ ug]{ ;kmf;U3/ gug]{ . @= cz4 ckljq . #= cZnL
n nfhefF8 . $= d}nf] dlng . %= ysysL nfUg] l3gnfUbf] . kmf}h gf) [c)] != ;]gf kN6g
. @= x"n hdft ;d"x . bf gf) klxn]klxn] kmf}hbfL;DaGwL d2fdfldnf x]g]{ dfnkf]t p7f
sfddf ;d]t lgoQm xg] lhNnf txsf] Ps k|xL clwsfL . kmf}hbfL lj) [kmf}hbf O{] != dfl
rf]L, 8s}tL cflb ckfwsf] Goflos sfjfxL ulg] sf;Fu ;DalGwt . gf) @= To:tf] d2fdfldnf
x]g{] cbfnt . #= rf]L8s}tL, dflk6, Hofg cflbsf] sg} 36gf jf d2f . cbfnt gf) lnlvt
k]sf sfafO{sf lglDt cfPsf kmf}hbfL d'2fxsf] k'kI { f tyf 7x ug]{ 7fpF . sfg'g gf)
s}tL, s6lk6, Hofgv'g cflbsf d'2fdf k|of]u ulg] tyf ;hfosf] Joj:yf pNn]v ePsf] sfg'
g . k|lqmof gf) n'6lk6, v"g cflb jf ;sfjfbL x'g] d'2fdfldnfx x]g]{, lg0f{o ug]{ aft
nfu]sf JolQmnfO{ b08 lbnfpg sfafO{ ug]{ sfg'gL ljlw . dRrfpg' ;) lqm) dflk6, rf]L8s}
tL cflb sfo{ ug'{ jf ufpg' . kmf}hL lj) [c) kmf}hL] kmf}h;DaGwL, ;}lgs . cv8f gf) ;
}lgsx xg] 7fpF jf lzlj . cbfnt gf) ;}lgs cbfnt . kmf}n ] gf) cf;fd, dl0fk' cflbd
wfgsf] Ps hft . kmf}aGhf gf) [kmf)] :yfoL kn] Ps} 7fpFdf k;n gyfkL y}nf cflbdf dfn
;fdfg af]s] ufpF3 3'dL3'dL jf aLrdf dfn vlb u] ahfd} klg a9L df]ndf a]Rg] JofkfL . >
f}aGhfL gf) kmf}aGhfsf] sfd jf k];f . oFsfO gf) [ ofFs( \ cfO{)] ofFSg] lqmof jf k
. [ > ] oFsfOg s) lqm) ofFSg nfOg ofFSg] kflg . oFsfpg k|) ] lqm) ofFSg nfpg
g{ . ofF gf) [c) d")] != dv p3f] ;f; km]bf{ cfpg] cfjfh . @= wk]8L, ysfO cflbn] jf
lgb|f nfu]sf] a]nf ;f; lg:sFbf cfpg] zAb . #= ysfg ysfO . lj) $= dv afPsf] pbf\uf
] . %= ofSs kmf6]sf] kmSs p3flPsf] . ^= yfs]sf] ylst . kmF gf) tfOFkmfO km\sf
tL{ . ofF lqm) lj) nuftf ofF ug]{ uL . ofFtL lqm) lj) ofFofF . ofFs\g ;) l
!= sg} j:t cfk"mltaf6 csf{lt kmfNg ldNsfpg . @= sg} j:t j]u;Fu xofpg cfkmNg .
5f]8g \  TofUg . $= a]nf jf dlxgf gkuL txfpg . > ofFsfO gf) ofFSg] lqmof jf k|
lqmof . ofFsfofFs lqm) lj) != k:kdf ofFSg] lsl;dn] kmfnfkmfn . @= wdfwd kmfNg] jf ld
pg] uL . #= sg} j:t cfjZoseGbf a9L eP cfkmntfkmn ug]{ rfn;Fu . ofFlsg s) lqm)

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65
871
ofFr ] of{
> ofoftLofofL lqm) lj) cem} ofof xg]

ofFSg] sfd ulg kmflng . ofFr] gf) hfdf ;;fgf ufF7f xg] Ps vfnsf] ;fu . ofp gf) [
)] != ofpf] sfpFbfsf] zAb . @= lgwf{ jf gk; + s dfG5]sf] uh{g . ofp gf) != ofpfsf
nL . lqm) lj) @= ofpf] sfpg] lsl;dn] . ofpL gf) [ofpf] O{] != ofpfsf] kf]yL k .
;sL sfP dfq lxF8\g] :qL -lgGbfy{df_ . #= cgfh ;sfpFbf lkmFhfpg] tyf ;f]xf]g]{ sfd
ug]{, sf7sf kftfdf laF8 xflnPsf] bfFbh ] :tf] ;fwg . $= wfg f]Ktf bfFbn ] ] ;Dof
pg g;s]sf] 5]psgfsf] lxnf] ;Dofpg] sfddf cfpg] ;f] sfd afp;]n] ug]{ To:t} xltof . o
fp]! gf) [ofpL P] f]kfOFsf lbg ofpL rnfpg] JolQm afp;] . ofp]@ lj) [ofpf] P] !
{nfUbf] lsl;daf6 sfpg] . @=csf{sf] b"th:tf] ag] jf cujf eP lxF8\g] . ofpf] gf) [;+)
m]j] != ofpofp u] sfpg], nf]sljZjf;cg;f lrtjf jf af3sf] clu nfu] lxF8\g], :ofnsf
t s]xL ;fgf] Ps lx+;|s k|f0fL . @= s]xL ug{ g;sL sfP dfq lxF8\g] dflg; . ofp;] gf) [
fp;f] P] ofp;f] . ofp;f] [ ofS;]] ss{nfsf] h:tf] kft xg] 8G7Ldf k"mn kmNg], Ps hft
ljiffn af]6 h\unL ss{nf] ofS;f] . ofs gf) [;+) kmns] != sg} klg j:tnfO{ afa kf
s efu kmUNofF6f] . @= cfwf ofs 7"nf] 6qmf] . ofsofs lqm) lj) [ofs\ c)(l))] != sg}
6qmf6qmf kfg]{ u] . @= sg} j:t sf6\g] lsl;dn] 5fs5fs . > ofsofstLofsofsL lq
sofs xg] uL . ofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ofs\ s] != sg} j:tnfO{ afaL xg] lx;fan] bO{
kfg]{ uL . @= lxsf{pg] jf sf6\g] lsl;dn] . ofSr] lj) [ofSRofSs P] != ufnf kSs p7] klg
y]lKrPsf] . @= gfs r]K6f] ePsf] jf gfs]8fF8L efl;Psf] . #= slRrP c;xfpFbf] ag]sf]
. ofSRofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ofSRofs\ s] != sg} j:t slRrP jf y]lKrP g;xfpFbf] b]lv
Fb} . @= gfs g]lK6P jf gfs]8fF8L efl;P c;xfpFbf] b]lvg] uL . #= ufnf eSs p7] klg s
]xL y]Krf] eO{ e2f b]lvg] 5fF6;Fu . ofS;] gf) ss{nf] ofp;] . ofof lqm) lj) [c) d")
!= wdfwd sf6\g] jf kmfF8g \ ] uL . @= a]kjf{x;Fu ;f; lxF8 ] km6fkm6 . #= s g } ;fx|
] kftnf] j:t wdfwd kmf] g ] { uL .

uL . ofnf lqm) lj) [c) d") of\ c(l))] nufkmf6f jf afFlwPldnfOPsf cGo j:t v:sg]
) htftt} k m :s] 5lg] jf cnklqg] l:ylt . > ofNof\uofNof\ lqm) lj) != ofnf r
@= To:tf] rfnsf] cnklqPsf] . of\uof\ lqm) lj) [c) d") of\ u] != vsL, tjf c
f xfGg] lsl;dn] . @=pbf\uf] jf p3ff] kfg]{ lsl;dn] 5n{u \ . #= wftsf] kftnf] efF8f]
sf] zAb cfpg] uL eO{Fdf ahf] . of\nf] lj) [c) d") of\ nf]] != sg} j:t lry|flry|
j:yfsf] kmf6]sf] yf]qf] . gf) @= yf]qf] jf kfgf] eO;s]sf] sk8f jf To:t} f8L, uGb|L
cflbsf] la5fpgf . #= ulxfO s]xL gePsf] Psf]xf]f] af]lnxg] dfG5] . :qL) of\nL . of6
m) lj) [c) d") of6\ c)(l))] != rKkn nufP lxF8\bfsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= kIfLn] kv]6f r
nfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . > of6of6tL of6of6L lqm) lj) of6of6 . of6of6] lj) !=
g]{ jf lgsfNg] . gf) @= rL rKkn . of lqm) lj) [c) d") of6\ 6] != ;f]rljrf} guL Ps}
f]Ng] rfn;Fu . @= PSsfl; sg} sfd ug]{ jf xg] lsl;dn] . #= s;}nfO{ PsfPs lxsf{pg]
uL . $= unn ] Lff d6f\u|f 5f8\g] lsl;dn] . oftoft lqm) lj) [c) d") oft\ c(l))]
vf]n] kbfy{ pDng] jf 58\sg] lsl;dn] . @= n]bf] jf lunf] kbfy{ afaf v:g] uL . > oftoft
L lqm) lj) cem} oftoft xg] uL . oftoft] lj) != oftoft ug]{ . @= n]bf] baba] . o
nf] . ofQ lqm) lj) [c) d") oft\ t] != lunf] jf n]bf] kbfy{ Ps} kN6 v:bf zAb cfpg] uL
. @= To:tf] j:t Ps} aflh kmfNbf cfjfh lg:sg] u] . ofTnf] gf) [ c) d") oft\ nf]] !=
uL kfs]sf] vf]n] kbfy{ EofTnf] . @= n]bf] kbfy{ . lj) #= vf]n] k]sf] . $= n]bf] k]s
f] . %= of\nf] . ofof lqm) lj) [c) d") of\ c(l))] rfxn] kv] 6 f 6s6Sofpg] jf p8
> ofoftLofofL lqm) lj) ofof . ofof] lj) != ofof u] p8\g] . gf) @=
of{ lqm) lj) [c) d") of\ ] != rfxn] kv]6f

c:\1Saroj\Sabdkosh\Pha.p65

ofnofnjf:; 6s6SofpFbf jf p8\bfsf] zAb lg:s] . @= sg} j:t kmSg] jf lkmFlhg] uL . o

qm) lj) [c) d") ofn\ c(l))] lkmFhfP ;sfPsf] nuf xfjfdf p8\g] lsl;dn] . > ofnofntL
L lqm) lj) ofnofn . ofnL gf) [ofn] O{] Ps 7fpFdf ga;L 8nL8nL vfg kNs]sL cfOdfO{ .
f) Ps 7fpFdf l:y eP ga;L 8nL8nL vfg kNs]sf] nf]Ug]dfG5] . ofNn lqm) lj) [c) d") ofn
] != sk8f cflb kfgL rlxFb} kmkmfpg] jf eO{Fdf lkmFlhg] u] . @= cJojl:yt lsl;dn] . o
f;of; lqm) lj) [c) d") of;\ c(l))] sg} km:sf] jf vsn f] j:t kml:sxg], kml6xg]
8xg] lsl;dn] . > of;of;tLof;of;L lqm) lj) of;of; . of:; lqm) lj) [c) d") of;\
jf sdnf] j:t km:sg] jf rlF 8g] lsl;dn] . @= km:sf] j:t km6\tf zAb cfpg] ls
l;d;Fu . #= sg} sfo{ Joy{ v] hfg] jf km:;f xg] eP . oh gf) [c\)] lahnLsf] cTolws
fkdf un] hfg] vfnsf], To;}sf] k|jfxdfu{df hl8Psf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] wftsf] tf . k|m
s gf) [c\)] 3fFu . k|mfG; gf) [k|m ] )] of]k dxfb]zcGtu{t x]sf] Ps k|l;4 b]z . > k|m
lG;;L lj) k|mfG;]nL . k|mfG;]nL lj) != k|mfG;;DaGwL k|mfG;sf] . @= k|mfG;df pTkGg j
f pTkflbt . lk|mh gf) [c\)] gslxof];,\ glalu|of];,\ tfh} xf];\ tnj:t hdf];\ eGg] p2
Zon] e08f0f ulg] oflGqs pks0f . lkmN6 gf) [c\)] kfgLdf ePsf b"if0f 5fg] kfgLnfO{ vfg
]Uo ufpg] pks0f . k|mL lj) [c\)] != :jtGq :jfwLg . @= l;Q}F k};f jf zNs gnfUg] . #=
fwfc8\sfp s]xL gePsf] . k|ma  L 9fr gf) [ef]) a)] lxpF kUn]sf a]nfdf g]kfn ltAat
sf aLr cfjthfjt ug]{ l;GwkfNrf]sdf kg]{ Ps 3f6L lxdfnL eGHof . k|mG ] r lj) [c\)] !
= k|mfG;;DaGwL k|mfG;sf] k|mfG;]nL . @= k|mfG;sf lgjf;L . gf) #= k|mfG;sf] efiff .
;dfrf ;ldlt gf) cGtf{li6o kdf k|l;4 k|mfG;sf] ;dfrf ;ldlt (P) Pkm) kL)) . k|m]d g
)] != tl:a, P]gf cflbdf xg] rf}tkmL{ af
872

rf}3 ] f] . @= 9f]sf agfpFbf xg] sf7sf] rf}sf]; . #= ;fOlsnsf] Rofl;; . $= sDkf]h

ePsf] Dof6 xfnL kmdf{ s:g] kmnfdsf] rfsg] ;fwg . |of\s gf) [k|m) ] ] l:j6hNofG8, a]l
d, k|mfG; cflb b]zsf] d'b|f . o|f\ls oGq gf) [c\) o|f\ls ;+) oGq] w]} ;\Vofdf x'
pg] JolQm jf ;+:yfsf lgldQ l56l56f] l6s6 lrlXgt ug]{ oGq jf ldl;g . nf]ldn gf) [c\)]
kL7f] cflb lkFWg] ldn jf sn3 . Nof6 d]l;g gf) [c\)] Ps} k6s w]} k[i7;Dd 5fKg ;lsg] ;
dtn efudf xg] 7"nf] d'b|0foGq . jfF gf) [c) d")] ;f;sf] tLvf] j]u . jfFs! lj) != a]jf
s gfxs Joy{ . @= k}7 (h'jf) . jfFs@ gf) [c) d") jfFs\ c] kmfFsf] . > jfFsjfFs lqm)
6s kmfFsf] xfNg] lsl;dn] . jfFsjfFstL jfFsjfFsL lqm) lj) jfFsjfFs . jfFSs lqm) lj
dfg]{ jf xfNg] uL . jfFjfF lqm) lj) [c) d") jfF (l))] != wk]8L cflbn] lgbfPsf] a]nfd
nfdf]nfdf] ;f; lg:sg] uL . gf) @= To:tf] ;f;km]fOsf] zAb jf cfjfh . jfFo gf) != k'm
:;f . lj) @= e"m6f] ldYof . jfsjfs lqm) lj) [c) d") jfs\ c(l))] != df6fsf] efF8f] k'm
f jf sf]bfnfsf kf;fn] lxsf{OPsf] 8Nnf] k'm6\bf zAb cfpg] uL . @= v'sL cflb xltofn] s
dnf] km:sf] j:t' sf6\tf em}F zAb lg:s] . > jfsjfstLjfsjfsL lqm) lj) jfsjfs . jf
[c) d") jfs\ s] df6f]sf] efF8f] jf 8Nnf] k'm6\g] jf To;L k'm6\tf dl;g' zAb lg:sg] uL
. jfjf lqm) lj) [c) d") jf\ c(l))] sfFrsf jf df6fsf efF8fx k6s k6s k'm6\g] uL . >
) jfjf . jf\ujf\ lqm) lj) [c) d") jf\ u] != sfFr jf df6fsf efF8fx PSsfl; k'
f] bfpf] plR5lFbf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . jf;jf; lqm) lj) [c) d") jf;\ c(l))] != sg} km
v'snf] j:t' afDaf k'm6\g] jf r'Fl8g] lsl;dn] . @= r'f]6, laF8L cflbsf] ;sf{] tfGb}
w"jfF p8fP . > jf;jf;tL jf;jf;L lqm) lj) x]) jf;jf; . jf:; lqm) lj) [c) d") jf;
'm:sg] jf v':sg] uL of:; .

873
aasj[lQ

a
a b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] t]O;f}F Jo~hgj0f{
cf]i7, :kzL{, ;3f]if, cNkk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg kju{sf] t];|f] j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j
0f{ jf cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg af6'nf] a . aFlemg' c) lqm) [afFemf] O g'] !=
afFemf] x'g' afFemf] a:g' . @= Psrf]l6 cfjfb ePsf] hldg kl5 ktL{ kfg'{ afFlemg' .
#= :qLhfltdf ;Gtfg gx'g' . > aFofO gf) afFlemg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . aFofOg' s) l
qm) aFlemg nfOg' afFemf] kflg' . aFofpg' k|]) lqm) != aFlemg] kfg'{ aFlemg nfpg' . ;)
lqm) @= afnLgfnL s]xL gnufO{ v]tafL afFemf] fVg' . #= cf}ifwLsf k|of]un] sf]vnfO{
ue{ gxg] t'Nofpg' . aF8fO gf) [ afF8\ ( cfO)] afF8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aF8fO
g s) lqm) afF8\g nfOg . aF8fpg k|) ] lqm) afF8g \ nfpg . aFlbof gf) [afFw Oof] 5f
OPsf] 5fgf] pwf] lemlsPsf] kfgf] v, kfn . aFbn ] gf) [ ag]n] ag]n . aFwfO gf) [
fO)] afFWg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aFwfOg s) lqm) afFWg nfOg . aFwfpg k|) ] l
qm) afFWg nfpg . aFlwltgLaFlwt]gL gf) [ aFlwgL] x]) aFlwgL . aFlwgL gf) [afFwf OgL] a
fFwfsf] kf]yL k :qL afFwf . aFwjf lj) [afFw \ pjf] != afFlwPsf] aGwgdf flvPsf] . @=
fFw] kflnPsf] afFWg] u]sf] . gf) #= jif{sf] Psk6s lng] l:ylt afFw]sf] hUufhldg, vfG
uL cflbsf] cfDbfgL . $= lgoldt kn] sg} j:t jf sd lng]lbg] Joj:yf . aFw]\g ;) lqm)
Fw\ P\ g] != s;}nfO{ sfddf Jo:t tNofpg sfdsfhdf cndNofOfVg . @= afFWg s:g . > aFw
O gf) aFwg ] {] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aFw]lg c) lqm) sfdsfhdf Jo:t xg sfddf cndlng .
aFw ] ofO gf) aFw]lg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aFw]ofOg s) lqm) aFwl] g] kflg aFw]lg n
aFw ] ofpg k|) ] lqm) aFwl] g] kfg{ aFw]lg nfpg . a+; gf) [;+) j+z] x]) j+z (vns)
> a+l;of lj) j+zsf] j+z;DaGwL . aOg gf) [k|f) jo0f] != fd|f] jf gfd|f] sfsf] aofg
k|l;l4 Voflt gfdrnfO . as\g ;) lqm) != cfg} dvn] sg} sf eGg . @= aofg ug{ sxg
]xf];Ldf sg} sf eGg aafpg . as! gf) [;+) jr] af]nL aSs] . as@ gf) [;+)] != asNn
7u . asrL gf) [;+) afsrL] rd{f]usf] cf}ifwLsf kdf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] cf}ifwL as
asWofg gf) [;+)] cfgf] :jfy{l;l4sf lglDt asNnfh:t} r"krfk eP a:g] sfd asj|t . > asWo
fgL gf) asNnfn] h:t} Wofg ug]{ asj|tL 9f]u F L. askq gf) [as\ kq] d2fdf jfbL jf k|ltj
bLsf ;fIfL a:g] JolStn] as]sf sf n]lvPsf] sfut ;fIfLsf] aofg n]lvPsf] sfut . askik
gf) [;+)] asNnfsf cfsfsf] k"mn kmNg], km;|f] nfDrf] kft xg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}s
f] k"mn, asn kik . asas gf) [as\ as\] s;}nfO{ dg gkg]{ jf sg} sfd gnfUg] sf] Joy{sf]
jfb . > asasfO gf) asasfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . asasfOg c) lqm) asasfpg] xf]Og asa
s ulg . asasfpg c) lqm) != grflxFbf w]} sf af]Ng asas ug{ . @= dgkL af]Ng hyjf
eGg Joy{sf sf ug{ . asas] lj) grflxFbf w]} sf ug]{ hyfefaL af]Ng] . aseSt gf) [;
fl;sLsf lglDt s;}sf] elSt ug]{ JolSt b]vf}jf eSt 9f]FuL JolSt . asd gf) klZrd g]kfn
sf] lqj]0fLlt kfOg] ftf] sf7 xg] Ps k|sfsf] v . asDkm; gf) [;+) jfs\ km:;f] != lgy
jf grflxFbf sf Joy{sf sf . lj) @= To:tf sf w]} ug]{ . > asDkm;] lj) != asDkm; .
sf sf w]} ug]{ lgy{s sf ug]{ . aslb gf) [c)] kzjln lbP dgfOg] d;ndfgxsf] Pp6f
[c) as P] v;L, af]sf cflb sf6] df; a]Rg] k];f lnPsf] JolSt df;k;n] au] . asnf6f] l
[as nf6f]] != asNnfem}F nf6f] . @= k6Ss} gaf]Ng] af]Ng} g;Sg] . asjfb gf) [as jfb] != c
sf{nfO{ gfd|f] xg] jf bf]if nfpg] sf] abVjfOF . @= hyfefaL af]nfO vfa jrg asas . >
fbL lj) != asjfb ug]{ csf{sf] abVjfOF ug]{ . @= asas ug]{ asas] . asj[lQ gf) [;+)] !
= cg]s lsl;dsf :jf r] 7u7fusf] sfd ug]{ Jojxf asj|t . lj) @= asNnf]em}F 9f]FuL eSt

asj]bfGtaS;f}gLaS:of}gL asNnfeut asj|tL . asj]bfGt gf) [;+)] csf{nfO{ 7uL vfg] ljBf
7uljBf . > asj]bfGtL lj) cfk"mn] s]xL tj gaem] klg csf{nfO{ 7Ugsf lglDt j]bfGt 5f
F6\g] cf8DaL j]bfGtL 7uL . asj|t gf) [;+)] csf{nfO{ b]vfpgsf lglDt ul/g] 9f]FuL j|t
gSsnL cfr0f . > asj|tL lj) != asNnfsf] h:tf] Wofg ug]{ ;fwsf] j]zdf x]sf] dxfsf] 7u
. @= 9f]FuL cf8DaL asj]bfGtL . as; gf) [kmf) aVz] s;}sf lqmofsnfk jf zLn:jefjaf6 ;Gt
i6 jf v;L eP s]xL j:t lbOg] sfd Ogfd alS;; k:sf kfltf]lifs . ~ kq gf) v;L eP
sg} j:t jf hUufhldg cflb lbP ullbPsf] sfuh . asfO gf) [ as\ ( cfO)] aSg] lqmof jf k|l
mof . [ > ] asfOg s) lqm) aSg nfOg aSg] kflg . asfOg gf) [;+) jslgDa] gLdsf h:tf
kft xg], sn]hL sf k"mn kmNg], gkfStf xlof kfStf kx]n F f xg] emKkfemKkf k]sf]
;;fgf kmn kmNg], sdnf] vfnsf] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] v cfoj]{bdf skm, sLf, si7 ljifgfzs
tyf 7G8f u0f dflgPsf] Ps hftsf] gLd dxflgDa . asfpg k|) ] lqm) [as\ cfp g] ;f]wk5
u] s;}nfO{ s]xL sf aSg nufpg aofg ufpg . asf gf) [;+)] a cIf kju{sf] t];|f]
gf) [;+)] xn]bfsf] h:tf] kft xg] ;]tf] ;uGwL k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf]
k"mn . alstd\ gf) [as\ Otd\] as]sf] jf af]n]sf] sf] lbPsf] aofg . alsg s) lqm) [as\
cfg} dvn] sg} sf] elgg aSg] sfd ulg . asrL gf) [;+) afsrL] ;;fgf nfDrf kft xg
nfaL sf] k"mn kmNg], af6nf], r]K6f], sfnf] s8f u]8fx kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . asn g
f) [;+)] vf];f{gLsf h:tf ;fgf, ;]tf ;uGwL k"mn kmNg], ;Gtnf sf nfDrf ;fgf kmn k
mNg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] k"mn df}nl;L jsn . ~ kik gf) df}nl;L . asnf gf) [c) a
] nfDrf ;fgf kft xg], cfFVn}lkR5] sf];f kmNg], sf];f To;leq xg] y]Krf u]8fsf]
tsfL vfOg] Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f]xL sf];f jf u]8f l;drgf l;DaLrgf . ~ l;dL gf) nfDrf kft
g,] 5f]6f sf];f nfUg] tsfL vfg] sfddf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf sf];f jf u
]8f . asNnf gf) [asNnf]sf] lt) )] x]) asNnf] . WofgLeut lj) ;fwsf e]ifdf x]sf] s
6L 9f]FuL cf8DaL wd{WjhL . > asNn] gf) != xf]RofP jf lxofP eGbf k|of]u ulg]
874

zAb . lj) @= asNnfh:tf] asNnfsf] :jefj jf afGsLsf] . asNnf] gf) [;+) as pNnf]] nfdf]
3fF6L, nfdf vf kR5 5f]6f] xg], ;]tf] sf] Ps kIfL . as]g "{ as]gf] { lj) [;+) jis
fL] != b"3 yfSg] a]nf ePsf] bxg  f] (ufO{e; F} L) . gf) @= To;}sf] af5f] jf kf
8f] . as}of gf) [;+) jlSts] af\uf]l6\uf] af]6 tyf v}f] af]qmf xg] Ps hftsf] wfg To;}
sf] rfdn . aSs gf) [;+) as] af]nL aSs] . ~ nf6f] lj) slQ af]Ng g;Sg] cSs g aSssf] .
aSs] gf) [as P] af]nL as (h:tf] aSs] km6\g aSs] a:g cflb) . aSv gf) [j}) k|f) aSv]
!= df]6f] pmgL sk8fsf] nfdf] sf]6h:tf] j:q . @= hjfdf tfn dfl;s]kl5 3fOt] gePsf
RofFv]n] yfk]sf] wg . lqm) lj) #= lagl;lQ lgik|of]hg Joy{ . aSv] gf) [aSv P] 8an;f]n
hQfdf ;fdfeGbf aflx lg:s]sf], tnjfsf] dflyNnf] efu . ~ cff] gf) aSv] l;pg] sfddf
k|of]u xg] 7"nf] vfnsf] l;of] 8an;f]njfnf hQf l;pg] l;of] . aSof}tf lj) [afFsL
< c) afFsL of}tf] != afnL, dfnkf]t cflb c;n ug{ afFsL x]sf] ltg{ afFsL ePsf] . @= a
emaemfy ug{ afFsL x]sf] sfdsfafO{ ldnfpg afFsL x]sf] . aqmd gf) [c\)] sf]6, sldh c
sf dVo dVo efu jf bx|f] xgkg]{ 7fpFdf leqkl xfn] df]xf]lg] 7f]{ sk8f . aS; gf) [c
)] aS;f afs; . ~ Kn]6 gf) 3fFu, k|ms cflb nuf l;pFbf 7fpF7fpFdf dl;gf dhf gfvL kmfl
snf] kf] k6fPsf] efu . aS;g ;) lqm) [as; g] != as; jf alS;; lbg s;}n] llemPafkt c
]xL sf lbg . @= 7"nfa8fn] ;fgfnfO{ s]xL j:t lbg alS;g . #= lbg (ljz]if cfbfyL{
k|of]udf) . aS;f gf) [c\) aS;] x]) afs; . aS;fO gf) [ aS; ( cfO)] aS;g] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . [ > ] aS;fOg s) lqm) aS;g nfOg . aS;fpgL gf) != bO{ emul8ofn] ldnfkq u]afkt
nfUg] ;sfL b:t . @= as; kfP afkt nfUg] b:t . aS;fpg ;) lqm) != pRr clwsfLsf] :jLs
lt lng cfb]z ufpg . k|]) lqm) @= aS;g nfpg . alS;g ;) lqm) != as; lbg aS;g . s
) lqm) @= as; lbg] sfd ulg as; lbOg . alS;; gf) [kmf) alVzz] sg} sfd u]afkt jf llem
cfk"meGbf lgDg :tsf JolQmnfO{ To;} jf kfl>ldssf cltlQm Ogfd:jk lbOg] sd jf j:t as; .
aS;f}gLaS:of}gL gf) [aS;fp cf}gLof}gL] x]) aS;fpgL .

875

avtau}r F f glhs ;dLk lgs6 . lqm) lj) #= jlkl 5]p5fp cf;kf; cunaun . aunfdvL gf)
qsf cg;f zqsf] jfs\zlSt aGb ugf{sf lglDt cffwgf ulg] Ps k|l;4 b]jL bzdxfljBfdWo] P
s . ~ :tf]q gf) lghb]jLsf] :tlt . auln; gf) [c\) asn] hQfdf ss{Rrf 3;fg{ ;lhnf] t
Nofpg] r]K6f] ;fwg . aunL gf) [kmf) aunL] sf]6, O:6sf]6 cflbsf cufl8kl aflxleq k]G6
cflbsf k5fl8 cufl8 sDddlg k};f, snd cflb fVgsf lglDt agfOPsf] y}nf]h:tf] j:t uf]h
L vNtL h]a kfs]6 . ~ dff gf) aunLdf flvPsf] ?lkofFk};f rf]g{] JolSt kfs]6dff sf]
df c6\g] sf]z . ~ vr{ gf) b}lgs vr{ kfs]6 vr{ . aufO gf) [ au\ ( cfO)] aUg] lqmof jf
k|lqmof . [ > ] aufOg s) lqm) aUg nfOg aUg] kflg . aufpg k|) ] lqm) != aUg nfpg
aUg] kfg{ k|jflxt ug{ . @= hnk|jfxsf ;fy;fy} sg} j:t k7fpg . ;) lqm) #= s;}nfO
{ ;fk6 lbPsf] j:t lkmtf{ lng g;Sg . $= a]sfddf w]} vr{ ug{ wg p8fpg . aufg gf)
[afu cfg] lrofv]tL ulPsf] hUuf jf afL au}Frf . > aufg] lj) != aufgdf sfd ug]{ . @= auf
gdf a:g] . aufn gf) [k|f) jUun] != kzxsf] xfFr jf ;d"x ayfg . @= l;kfxLsf n:s jf tf
FtL . ~ 5f]8fpgL gf) ufO{e; F} L a]Rbf lsGg] JolStn] uf]7fnfnfO{ lbg] b:t/ . > a
uflng c) lqm) != aufndf ldn] lxF8\g . @= lalxlng af6f] lafpg . #= efn]kf]yL ldl;
g . aufn] lj) [aufn P] != 7"nf] aufn xg] w]} kf7fkf7L hGdfpg] (afv|L, e]8L O)) . @=
aufndf lxF8g \ ] jf a:g] . #= aufn;Fu ;DalGwt aufnsf] . ~ yfkf gf) yfkfsf] Ps pke
]b (eLd;]g yfkfsf] y) . aufj6 gf) [au\ cfj6] != sg} j:t aUg] sfObf jf lsl;d . lj) @=
au]sf] jf aufOPsf] (j:t) . alug s) lqm) [au\ O g] aUg] sfd ulg k|jflxt xf]Og . al
u/Nn lqm)lj)x]) auofNn . auGb|auGg| lj) [au\ pGb|pGg|] w]} k|z:t cTolws . aujf
f] au] hfg] aUg] . au]8f gf) 8fFs fv]lkR5] hfFlrFb} hfg] Ps lsl;dsf] xnfs rnfgL . au
]8Lau]L gf) [;+) jlt{sf] eFu ] fsf cfsfsf], df; vfg xg] Ps hftsf] rf] . au}r F f g
[kmf) afur] kmnk"mnx nufOPsf] afL k"mnafL k i kjfl6sf a3} F r f . > au} F r ] lj)
au} F r fsf]

avt gf) [c) jSt] != ;do a]nf . @= hdfgf . #= cj; df}sf . avtf gf) [;+) eSt] e6 ] af]
mf 5fOPsf] rgf, e6df;, s]fp cflbsf] vfg]sf] . avfg\g ;) lqm) [avfg g] != avfg ug
ug{ . @= tflkm ug{ k|z+;f ug{ . avfg gf) [;+) JofVofg] != sg} sfsf] j0f{g aofg .
tflkm ug]{ sfd k|z+;f . > avflgg c) lqm) != avfg u] af]Ng . s) lqm) @= avfg ulg .
avflgof lj) avfg rn]sf] sxlnPsf] k|l;4 . alvof gf) [kmf) alvo] != klxnf]kN6 km8\sf d
fL l;OPsf] jf 6fFsf nufOPsf] sk8fdf kl5af6 ulg] dl;g l;nfO . @= km]sf 5]pdf ulg] dl
;g l;nfO v6fO . ~ 6fFsf gf) km8\sf dflPsf] l;nfO alvof . avaL [c)] lj) vf; . av]8f
gf) [;+) JofIf]k] != bO{ yLsf aLrdf ePsf] emu8f snx slr\un . @= Joy{sf] emd]nf 6G6f
. #= grflxFbf sfdaf6 ePsf] x}fgL sl7gfO . $= emu8f ug]{ lgxF lvrf]nf . > av]l8of lj
) av]8f ug]{ :jefjsf] 6G6f dRrfpg] vfnsf] . av]qf] gf) [afv|f ] Pqf]] rTyf] vfnsf]
jf ;fgf] sbsf] afv|f] . aVt gf) [kmf) aVt] n8fOFdf of]4fxn] nufpg] kmnfdsf l;qmLn]
ags ] f] j:qljz]if . au\g ;) lqm) [;+) jx g] != kfgL cflb kGofnf] j:t tnlt ;b}{ h
fg k|jflxt xg axg . @= aUbf] kfgLsf ;fy;fy} hfg k|jfxsf ;fydf x]lng . #= sg} v
cflb j:taf6 n]:ofOnf] jf tn kbfy{ lg:sg . $= tn kbfy{ wffsf] kdf lg:sg . %= lrlKn
P ;g{ . ^= xfjf nfUg . &= ;k{ cflb 3;|g . *= csf{sf axsfpdf nfUg axlsg . au8f
lj) wfg pl;g] sl6Psf] k7jf (rfdn) . > au8L gf) au vf]nf, gbL cflbsf] lsgf . auDkm;
x]) asDkm; . > auDkm;] lj) asDkm;] . au gf) [uh) au8 < k|f) lau8] != gbLsf bfof
FafofF x]sf] anf}6] hldg anf}6] jf 9\u]g hldg . @= vf]nfn] 5f8]sf] anf}6] hUuf . >
auNn lqm) lj) au|N ] tL . aulnf] lj) au}au ePsf] . au] lj) auh:tf] ausf] . au]
au]7 gf) [au]sf7 < ;+) au sfi7] gbLn] aufP NofO{ audf ykf]sf sf7sf] ;d"x . auofg
] au ePsf] 7fpF ausf] hldg . auofNn lqm) lj) [au|n ] ofNn] rf}lt 5lg] uL au|N ]
alu/Nn . aun gf) [kmf) aun] != sfvL sf]vf] kfZj{ . gf)of]) @=

aUuLarfO au}Frf;DaGwL . gf) @= au}Frf;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolSt dfnL afujfg\ a3}r F ]. aU
uL gf) [c\) af]uL] sf]7fh:tf] a:g] 7fpF ePsf], 3f]8fn] tfGg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;jfL . vfg
f gf) aUuL fVg] 7fpF . aUg] lj) [au\ g]] != au] hfg] k|jflxt xg] . gf) @= 3;|] lxF8\
k|f0fL ;k{ cflb . au|7 ] fau|7 ] L gf) [au|7 ] f] au|7 ] f]] ;fgf7"nf au|7 ] fxsf] ;d
"x . au|]7f] gf) [au P7] vx] jf vf]nfn] aufP NofO{ audf kmflnPsf v, sf7 cflb au]7 .
f)x]) aUo|fg . au|n ] au|n ] f]au|N ] tL lj) [aufn PnPnf]PNtL] != rf}lt 5lPsf] yk
5f;5f;tL . gf) @= c:tJo:t ePsf j:t jf JolStsf] ;d" x . #= c:tJo:ttf nyfln\u]kgf . l
qm) lj) $= To;L 5lg] uL . aUo|fg gf) [au ofg] gbLsf lsgfsf] hldg au;dfg u]u ePsf]
hldg au|]g . a3Da gf) [; + ) + Jof3|fDa] != cf]5fpg] jf cf]9g \ ] sfddf pkof]u ulg] a
3sf] 5fnf . @= af3sf 5fnfdf x]sf] h:tf] af ePsf] sk8f a3Da? . > a3Da? gf) a3Da . a3f
O gf) [af3 cfO] af3sf] cfqmd0f jf emD6fO . a3f\g ;) lqm) [;+) cjwf0f] != sg} af:gfbf
y{ l3pt]ndf kmfP tsfL, crf cflbdf emfGg . @= ;]vL ug{ kmfOFkmL nufpg . > a3f
]{ sfd . a3ffO gf) a3fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . a3flg s) lqm) a3fg]{ sfd ulg emflgg .
al3gLa3]gL gf) [af3 OgLPgL] af3sf] kf]yL k kf]yL af3 . a3}Frf gf)x]) au}r F f . > a3}
] lj)gf) au}r F ]. a\s gf) [c\) a}\s] Aof\s a}\s . a\u8L gf) 6ssf bfofFafofF
d] 8fF8f . a\unf gf) [;+) a\u nf] != a\ufndf af]lng] efiff . @= rf}lt vnf ePsf] ;fgf
fjfbfL sf]7f jf 3 . lj) #= a\ufn;DaGwL a\ufnsf] . b]z 9fsf fhwfgL xg] d;ndfgL b]
uf] lj) [a\uff] P] a\uff ePsf] a\uffh:tf] . ~ ds} gf) a\uffh:tf 7"n7"nf y]lKr
hftsf] ds} . a\uff] gf) [;+) a\ls cff]] vfPsf] j:t rkfpg] bj} ufnfsf r]kdf tndfly x
], dl8Ph:tf] t 5]p5fpdf wf ePsf] bfFt . a\ufn gf) [;+) a\u] != eftsf] ljxf k|fGtsf]
jk { l x]sf] Ps fHo jf k|fGt . @= a\uk|b]z .
876

a\ufnf gf) [ a\unf] a\unf, 3/ . > a\ufn] lj) a\unf 5lPsf] a\unf ePsf] (3) . al
f\uf] O g] af\uf] xg ;f]emf] geO{ 6]9f] xg . a\u  gf) [jg]n ;Fu] ag]n ;F
ePsf] df; vfg kflng] Ps hftsf] kz . a\UofO gf) [af\lu ( ofO)] != af\lug] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . [a\Uofp cfO] @= a\Uofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] a\UofOg s) lqm) al\ug nfOg
af\lug] kflg . a\Uofpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) != a\lug] jf af\lug] kfg{ . @= af\uf] k
]9f] tNofpg . ar\g c) lqm) [afFr\ g] != bMv, ;\s6, vtf, gfd|f] cfbt cflbaf6 hf]lu
 lIft xg . @= afFRg lhpFbf] xg . #= vr{ u] afFsL xg z]if xg pa|g . arsgf
f) arufg] != afns;DaGwL afnssf] . @= afnsnfO{ ;xfpg] jf zf]ef lbg] . #= ;fgf] vf
nsf] ;fgf]ltgf] . > arsfgL lj) ;;fgf vfnsf ;fgfltgf . art gf) [ar\ ct] != vr{ u] afFs
sf] wg jf sg} j:t ar]vr]sf] wg jf rLh . @= gfkmf nfe . lj) #= arfpsf lglDt ;lIft f
lvPsf] . $= afFsL x]sf] z]if x]sf] . ~ vftf gf) a}\sdf lglZrt Jofh kfSg] lgodcg;f ?l
ofFk};f flvg] lx;falstfa . ~ lx;fa gf) art vftfdf hDdf ulPsf] ?lkofFk};fsf] xlx;fa ar
sf] xlx;fa . arg gf) [;+) jrg] != jrg af]nL . @= k|lt1f ;\sNk . #= s;}nfO{ o:tf] lbpF
nf jf u?Fnf eg] afFlwPsf] afrf . arkg gf) [aRrf] kg] afnv cj:yf lzzkg n8skg . arf ar
) [arf] arf] O{] ;fgf7"nf arfxsf] ;d"x . arf] gf) [aRrf] cf]] rfsf] rNnf] jf aRrf]
/f] . arfO gf) [ ar\ ( cfO)] aRg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] arfO gf) afFRg] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . arfOg s) lqm) arfp ulg hf]ufOg . arfp gf) != arfpg] sfd hf]ufpg] sfd ;I
xkmfht htg . @= hDdf ug]{ sfd art hu]8f . arfpg ;) lqm) != hLp, wg cflbsf] arfp ug
{ k|f0f Iff ug{ . @= sg} vtf, vfaL, ;\s6 cflbaf6 hf]ufpg . #= k};f cflb vr{ u] z]
 pafg{ . $= hf]ufP fVg hDdf ug{ . arfj6 gf) != aRg] sfd arfp Iff . @= arfpg] sf
g]{ sfd . alrg c) lqm) lIft xf]Og hf]lug afFRg] xf]Og . ar]vr  s ] f] lj) cfjZos
sfddf cfO;s]kl5 z]if x]sf] afFsL ar]sf] pa|s ] f] .

877

ar]f ar]LaHo" lkl6g . ahfpg ;) lqm) != afhf cflbaf6 zAb jf :j lgsfNg . @= 7f]Sg 7
fpg lk6\g . #= v"a vfg k|z:t vfg . $= xftnfuL ug{ rKsfpg . %= ;Def]u ug{ (nf
Ifl0fs cy{df) . ahfg gf) != ahfpg] sfd (h:tf] ufgahfg) . @= ?jfjf;L snx emu8f afemf]
(h:tf] bGtahfg) . ahf\g ;) lqm) [jh| cf\ g] != aHg] uL sg} j:t fVg ofFSg yr
Knfdf ljklQ, bf]if cflb yf]kg{ . ahf gf) [kmf) afhf] != ljleGg j:txsf] k;n flvPsf]
7fpF dfndQf jf rLhaLh vlblaqmL xg] k;nxsf] ;dbfo xf6 xl6of . @= k;n bf]sfg . #= w]
G5] a;]sf] jf w]} ;fdfg htftt} ykflPsf] 7fpF . ~ efp gf) k|rlnt efp . ~ ;]jf gf) ah
fefp Joj:yfsf] ;Gtns sfo{qmd jf tT;DaGwL ;]jf . ahffO gf) [ ahf\ ( cfO)] ahfg]{ lqm
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ahflg c) lqm) != sg} j:t j]ul;t eOd F{ f v:g k5flg . s) lqm)
@= ahfg]{ jf k5fg]{ sfd ulg . ahflof lj) [ahf Oof] != ahf;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] ahfsf] . @
fGo vfnsf] kmdf{O;L gePsf] . #= ahfdf a:g] . ahf? lj) [ahf/ p] ahf/df kfOg] ;fwf/0f ah
l/of . alhgL gf) [alhof OgL] != alhofsf] :qLk sdfL bf;L . @= :jf:gLdflg;nfO{ ufnL ul
b . alhg c) lqm) [ah\ O g] 306, afhf cflbaf6 zAb lgl:sg z\v, gl;\uf cflb 3lGsg . a
f gf) [;+) j[lhg] != 3sf] ;fgf]ltgf] sfd ug{ ;]jf6xnsf lglDt flvPsf] dflg; sdff] bf
@= nf]Ug]dfG5]nfO{ lgGbfk"j{s elgg] zAb . alh gf) [c) jhL] != tf;, al4rfn, ulGhkm
f cflbdf afbzfxeGbf tnsf] rSsL jf uf]6L ldd jf ld:;L . @= cdfTo dGqL ;lrj . ah" gf)
[;+) jof{] afasL cyjf cfdfsL cfdf xhcfdf aHo" . ah] lqm) lj) [ah\ P] 38Lsf] sg} lglZ
t ;dodf 38Ldf aHbf ah]kl5 . ah]6 gf) [c\)] cfufdL ;dosf sfdsf lglDt leGg leGg ljefu j
f sfo{sf nflu cGhfd ulPsf] cfoJoosf] n]vf eljiodf xg] cfoJoosf] cgdflgt n]vf cfo Jo
s . ah]jf gf) xlof] 3fF6L, csf;] sf] 8f9 kR5 tyf kv]6f v}f] xg], Ps hftsf] h\unL
. ah} gf)x]) aHo} . aHo"! gf) [aHo}] aHo} aHo}sf] cfbfyL{ zAb .

ar]f ar]L gf) [ar]f] ar]f] O{] ;fgf7"nf ar]fxsf] ;d"x . ar]f] gf) [aRrf] Pf]] x]
) [ar\ cf]6] art hf]uf . aRrg ;) lqm) != vf]kLsf v]ndf vf]kLleq k};f kg]{ uL kmfNg .
@= vf]kL, uRrf cflbsf] v]ndf lgwf{lt lrgleq k};f, uRrf cflbnfO{ jfOFn] nfUg] uL
xfGg . > aRrfO gf) aRrg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aRrf gf) [aRrf]sf] lt) )] x]) aRrf] .
bfgL gf) uef{zo kf7]3 . ~ aRrL gf) s]6fs]6Lxsf] ;d"x afnaRrf efeL . aRrL gf) [a
aflnsf s]6L . lj) @= lgs} sd pd]sL ;fgL (aflnsf) . aRr"aRr] gf) [aRrf] pmP] aRrfnfO{
af]wg ulg] :g]x;"rs zAb . aRr]6 gf) [arf]6 { ] ufnL ubf{ elgg] pk]IffTds zAb . aRr
f] gf) [;+) jT;] != ev{} hGd]sf] lzz gjhft afns . @= afnv s]6f] . lj) #= pd]df lgs}
;fgf] sDtL pd]sf] . aR5L! gf) [aR5nL < ;+) jT;nf] fd|L kmNg] rfdn kg]{, dl;g wfgsf]
Ps hft . aR5L@ lj) [g]jf)] != cfwf c4{ . @= ;lhof ;fh] ;femf . gf) #= cfwfefu clwofF
. ~ aR5L gf)lj) bjt } km{ afaL cfwfcfwf . aR5 F gf) sDddf kx]Fnf] kf6f k]sf], l
Ng], cl\ufnsf hftsf] p8\g] sLf] . al5of gf) [af5f] Oof] af5f] jf af5L . a5]8f a5]8L gf
[a5]8f] a5]8L] ;fgf7"nf a5]8fxsf] ;d"x . a5]8L gf) [a5]8f] O{] 3f]8fsf] aRrL . a5]8f]
gf) [;+) jT;] 3f]8fsf] aRrf] . ah\g c) lqm) != 306, afhf cflbaf6 zAb lg:sg sg} j:t
df 7Ss nfUbf zAb lg:sg . @= 3Gsg Gsg . #= 38Lff ;do ;"lrt xg . ah\u gf) [kmf)
!= tf;sf v]ndf af]n]sf] \ub]lv cltlSt c tLg sf rSsL . @= kf;f, kRrL; cflb v]nsf uf]6L
f ck|wfg jf lj?4 (sfnf] xlof] ) s\u . #= gf) xgdfg\ ah\uanL . anL gf) xg
ft] != kf;fsf v]ndf ah\uaf6 ePsf] dft ah . @= 7"nf] lht ljho . ahfO gf) [ ah\ ( cfO)
aHg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ahfp cfO] @= ahfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ahfOg s) lqm
) aHg nfOg aHg] kflg afhfaf6 zAb lgsflng

aHo"a6]g{ aHo"@ gf) [du)] du hfltsf snb]ptf . aHo} gf) [;+) jof{] != cfdf jf afasL
cfdf dftfdxL jf lktfdxL ah} . @= kltsL jf kTgLsL cfdf ;f;" . #= afxgL tyf kfsL cfO
dfO{nfO{ k|of]u ulg] cfb;"rs zAb . $= efG;] afxgLnfO{ elgg] zAb . ah| gf) [;+) jh|
] != OGb|sf] k|dv  c:q slnz klj . @= afbn xfjfsf] 3if{0faf6 lg:sg] zAb r6f, r6\sf]
#= rgf ;sL{ 3f]n] agfOPsf] n]bf] . $= xLf sf6\g] xltof jf Hofan . %= Hofb} s7f] jf
;fx|f] j:t . lj) ^= grNg], g56k6fpg] 8]u grNg] . l7\uf gf) bGTosyfsf] To:tf] l7F
uf (nf7f]), h;n] cfgf] :jfdLsf] cfb]zcg;f ljkIfLnfO{ tx nufO{ sfd kmQ] ub{Yof] .
l7\uf] lj) jsf] k g;g]{ 8]u grNg] . bGtL gf) != gf) Pp6f 7"nf] c ;;fgf kftx ldn
lsgfdf bfFtL k]sf] ;+oSt kft xg], kx]Fnf] jf ;Gtn] sf] k"mn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] a6L
df}nl;L . gf) @= bGtd~hg . > ah|g c) lqm) sg} j:t hldg jf csf]{ j:tdf hf]8l;t 7S
s vfg a];L 7f]lsg jf k5flg ahflg . kft gf) != ah| jf r6f v:g] sfd . @= yfDg}
cfOk]sf] 7"nf] ljklQ . n]k gf) != leQf, kvf{n cflbdf nfpg r"g, ;sL{ cflb ldnfP ag
fOPsf] n]bf] kbfy{ . @= d"lt{, lznfn]v cflbdf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] s8f kfln; . lj) #
= ;fx|} alnof] blx|nf] . $= lglZrt kSsfkSsL . :jfF7 lj) ah|em}F ;fx|f] lrQsf] dxfd"v
{ k6d"v{ . ah|fF7 gf) [;+) jh|b|dL] Hofb} ;fxf] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] n]sfnL v jh|b|dL
. ah|fO gf) [ ah| ( cfO)] ah|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ah|fOg s) lqm) ah|g] kflg
h|g nufOg . ah|fpg k|) ] lqm) ah|g] kfg{ ah|g nfpg . aemfO gf) [ afem\ ( cfO)] !=
afg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [aemfp cfO] @= aemfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] a
emfOg s) lqm) afg nfOg afemf] ufOg . aemfpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) != fo jf dtf] gldN
kfg{ afg] tNofpg afemf] kfg{ . @= hf]N6fpg km;fpg . aemf gf) != ;]tL c~rndf x
Ps kxf8L lhNnf . @= klZrd g]kfnsf] afO;] fHodWo]sf] Ps k|frLg fHo . aemjf lj) [afe
m\ pjf] afg] :jefjsf] afg] k|sl[ tsf] emu8fn . :qL) aemjL . aemf}6L gf) [afem\ cf}6L
kdf jf w]} hgf Ps} v]k afg] sfd dv5f8f5f8 afemfafem, egfeg . aemf}6] lj) [afem\ cf}
afg] vfnsf] aemjf . aemf}6f] gf) [afem\ cf}6f]] afemfafem;DaGwL ljifo emu8fsf] ljifo
.
878

a6g gf) [c\)] != lahnLsf] s]G6 vf]Ng] aGb ug]{ l:jrdf hl8Psf] ;fwg . @= 6fFs . #=
kfOG6sf] uf]nLufF7fg] kg]{ efu kfOG6sf] kLFw df]xtf . a6fF gf) [g]jf) atfF] sgf jf ;t
x ldnfP gfKg] sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] Pssg] ()o sf] sf]0f ePsf] ;fwg a6fg . a6fO gf) [af6
\ cfO] af6\g] jf afl6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . a6fg! gf) [af6\ cfg] af6\g] sfd a6fO . a6fg
@ gf) [g]jf) atfF] x]) a6fF . a6f\g ;) lqm) [af6\ cf\ g] != sg} j:tnfO{ 3dfO{ 3
f{pg lgdf]7\g af6\g . @= s;f, n8\8" cflb sl;nf];Fu 8Nnf] kfg{ af6nf] agfpg . #
= 6]9f] kfg{ af\uf]  gf) a6fg]j { g]{ kfg{ . $= dsf{pg ssf{pg . > a6f a6 sfd .
a6ffO gf) a6fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . a6flg s) lqm) != a6fg]{ sfd ulg afl6g . c) lqm
@= 6]9f] xg af\lug . #= 3dG8n] dflQg afpFl7g laFul7g . a6flnog gf) [c\)] sDkgL
Gbf 7"nf] ]lhd]G6eGbf ;fgf] vfnsf] k}bn ;]gfsf] Ps ljefu u0f . a6L gf) [;+) j6L] uf
]nL aL . a6s gf) j|XdrfL ;fgf ljBfyL{ . a6sf a6sL gf) [a6sf] a6sL] ;fgf7"nf a6
;d"x . a6sL gf) [a6sf] O{] ;fgf] vfnsf] a6sf] srf}L . a6sf] gf) [;+) jt{s] j[Qfsf
3]f] dv ePsf] srf}f] . a6n \ g ;) lqm) [k|f) a6\6n  g] != 5lPsf j:tx PsPs u
{ Pslqt kfg{ ;d]6g \  . @= sg} j:t jf JolStnfO{ vf]hLvf]hL hDdf ug{ . #= yKo|f
pg ;\u|x ug{ . $= Nofpg . > a6naf6n gf) a6Ng] hDdf ug]{ sfd ;f]xf];fx . a6nf
) a6Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . a6lng s) lqm) a6Ng] sfd ulg hDdf kflg . a6nf] gf) !
5lPsf j:tx hDdf ug]{ sfd . @= e]nf PsqLs0f . a6jf! gf) [af6f] pjf] af6f] lxF8\g] df
g; klys ofqL . a6jf@ gf) [k|f) a6\6] leq v08v08 ePsf], j[Qfsf jf af6nf] cfsfsf] Ps
|sfsf] y}nf] . a6jf# lj) [af6\ pjf] != af6]sf] afl6Psf] . @= af6\gsf lglDt 7Ls kflPsf
] (8f]L cflb) . ~ w"k gf) sfutsf 6qmfdf ;ulGwt b|Jo xfn] a6flPsf] 3]n w"k af6]sf]
"k . a6jf] lj) [a6jf ]] klys a6jf . a6] gf) [af) af])] srf}f a6sf] . a6]? gf) [
a6jf] a6jf . a6]g{ gf) [af6\ P\ g] bfDnf], 8f]L cflb af6\bf kf]of a]g]{ ;fgf] nL
f}6f] .

879

a6}ofa8f]df gf:kftLsf cfsfsf] kmn kmNg] kfStf kx]Fnf] sf] xg], ;lnkmfsf h:tf laofFd
f 6fFl;Psf] ubL xg] vfFbf cldnf] ulnof] ldl;Psf] :jfb xg,] ufO{a:tn] dg kfP :
ofpnf vfg] Ps hftsf] v . @= To;}sf] kmn . a8f lj) [a8f]sf] lt) )] ;a}df 7"nf >]i7 .
s6; gf) kGw|bl] v c7f km6;Dd cUnf] v xg,] kft ;ANofF6fkl lrNnf] laANofF6fkl v;|f]
xg], 3f]uf]h:tf] emKkf] eP kmNg] To;}df kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] v To;}sf u]8f . sfhL
gf) g]kfn ;sfsf] kfgf] ;jf]{Rr lghfdtL bhf{ jf To;} bhf{df x]sf JolSt ;a}eGbf 7"nf s
fhL . u?Ho" gf) k|dv u?sf kbdf k|ltli7t JolSt dVo fhu? . > a8fbdL gf) != 7"nf]
k|lti7f tyf dfgdof{bf ePsf] JolSt . @= enfbdL eb| dflg; . b;}F gf) cflZjg zSn k|l
tkbfb]lv ;? eO{ sf]hfu|t k"l0f{df;Dd xg] g]kfnLxsf] k|dv fli6o rf8 . kq gf) != fh
6 s;}nfO{ ePsf] xsdsf] 7f8f] sfut ;jf]{kl fhf1f . @= sg} cToGt pRr JolSt jf ;\u7gf
Psf] ljz]if dxjk"0f{ cf1f jf lg0f{osf] kq . #= ;+oSt fi6;\3sf] 3f]if0ffkq . afafa
) afasf bfh h]7faf . dxffh gf) >L % dxffhflwfh k[YjLgffo0f zfxnfO{ aemfpg], afO;
la;L /fHocGtu{tsf w]/} fhfhf}6f / dxffhnfO{ an al4df lht]sfn] a8f kbjL ylkPsf] ljz
cfb;"rs zAb . dxffhflwfh gf) a8fdxffh >L % k[YjLgffo0f zfx . dxffgL gf) != >L
sL k6dxffgL . @= dxffhflwfhsL dVo dxffgL . xflsd gf) f0ff zf;gsf ;dodf To;kl5 kl
L ;do lhNnfsf] ;jf]R {r k|zf;s lhNnfsf] ;jf]{Rr lghfdtL clwsfL (xfn k|dv lhNnf cl
wsfL) . al8; gf) [c\)] :jf:gLdflg;n] 5ftLdf nufpg] :tgs; rf]nL c\luof s~rs . a8L lj
a8f] O{] a8f]sf] :qL k 7"nL . cfdf gf) afasL efph" 7"nL cfdf . a8L uf8{ gf) [c\
8]dfa8]dfg lj) [a8f]df] clt 7"nf] a8f]df . a8] gf) a]tnf}Lsf h:tf kft, ftf k"mn v}
xg] Ps a"6L jf To;}sf] sfnf] kmn a9]/ . a8]f] gf) sksk af:gf cfpg] tsfL vfg xg]
emf . a8} lqm) lj) [a8 P]] w]} dfqfdf rfx]hlt dgfs . a8f] lj) [k|f) a8\9f]] lgs} 7"n
jzfn . lqm) lj) @= v"a clt . gf) #= s;}nfO{ pk]Iffk"j{s xKsfpg] lsl;d . $= enfbdL
eb| dflg; . a8f]df lj) ;fx|} 7"nf] chsf] ljzfn .

a6}of gf) [afF6 \ P]of] df]xLn] sdfPsf] hUufdf plAhPsf] afnLgfnL hUufwgL df]xLsf]
aLrdf afF8] lng] sfd jf k|yf clwofF . a6f}nL gf) [a6f}n O{] a6f}n, j6jn ltgfp5]psf]
7fpF . af! gf) [k|f) af6\6] != Ps b]zsf ?lkofF, k};f, gf]6 cflb csf]{ b]zsf ?lkof
F, k};f, gf]6 cflb;Fu ;f6\bf nfUg] b:t . @= sg} dfn;fdfg ;f6km] ubf{ To;sf] d"Noaf
6 sf6] lnOg] sd . #= sg} sfo{ jf aGbJofkf cflbaf6 xg] 3f6f gf]S;fg . $= bfu . af@ g
[;+) j6s] s]xL rLhaLh fVg xg] sf7, l6g cflbsf] lasf]{ ePsf] efF8f] l8Aaf . afO{ gf)
[jt{s] eFu]f]eGbf ;]v 7"nf] s]xL 8Nnf] vfnsf] ltqfsf sf], kR5 5f]6f] ePsf], v]tsf
cfnLlt bnfbnLdf uF8 nufP a:g] Ps hftsf] rf] . a6\gp ] 6f]a6\Gof}6f] gf) [af6\ g]p6f
of}6f]] tf];f | df tufPsf aflaof], kf6 cflbsf] kf]of p7fpg] sf7sf] ;fwg . a7f}/f
] lj) [af7f] cf}/f]F] x]) a7\of}/f] . a7fOF gf) [af7f] ofOF] != af7f] xgfsf] efj jf cj
:yf af7f]kg rnfsL . @= af7f] aGg rflxg] al4 jf rfto{ . #= rfnafhL . a7\of}f] lj) [
af7f] of}f]] clt af7f] (afnaflnsf) a7f}/f] . a8\sFnf] gf)x]) a8\sf}Fnf] . a8! lqm) lj
) ;fgf s]6fs]6LnfO{ ufnL ubf{ jf xKsfpFbf elgg] zAb . a8@ lj) [ a9] != a9 . @= a8f
] . #= aGwsL vfPsf hldgdf ;do;dodf ylklbg] (d"nwg) . 3 gf) h]7}tL csf{sf] afFemf] hU
f klxnf]kN6 cfafb ug]{ }tL . ~ wo]Ff] gf) nfDrf 7"nf kft, ;]tf k"mn eG6fsf cfsfsf]
lgs} ;fgf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v ;f]xL vsf] kmn . a8Kkg gf) [a8f] kg] != 7"nf] >]i7 aG
] :jefj 7NofOF . @= dxj uf}j . a8a8 gf) [k|f)] aa asas . > a8a8fO gf) a8a8fpg] lq
k|lqmof . a8a8fOg c) lqm) aafOg . a8a8fpg c) lqm) a8a8 ug{ aafpg . a8a8fx6 gf)
fpg] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof aafx6 . a8a8fxf lj) a8a8 ug]{ aafxf . a8al8g c) lqm)
ug]{ xf]Og aalg . a8a8] lj) a8a8 ug]{ aa] . a8laxLF gf) [a8f] laxLF] 7"nf nfDrf
, ;]tf k"mn kmNg] emKkfbf xlof kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf] kmn . a8jflUg gf)
[;+)] ;dbl| eq rfgdf xg] cfuf] j8jfgn . a8x gf) [k|f) a8\9 kmn] != 7"nf v;|f kft x

a8\sD  nf]atf; a8\sDnf] gf) [;+) j6L sDen] a8\sf}Fnf] asf}Fnf] . > a8\ s  D NofO gf
a8\ s D Nofpg] lqmof jf k| l qmof . a8\sDNofOg s) lqm) a8\sf}FNofOg . a8\sDN
ofpg ;) lqm) afv|f cflbn] hTofpg a8\sDnf kfg{ . a8\sf}Fnf] gf) [ asf}Fnf]] e]8faf
|fsf], dl;gf uf]nL k]sf] F ofO gf) a8\sf}N F ofpg] lai7f a8\sD nf] a8\sn F f] . > a
8\sf}N lqmof jf k|lqmof . a8\sf}N F ofOg s) lqm) a8\sf}n F f lgsflng a8\sDNofOg
. a8\sf}FNofpg ;) lqm) v;L, afv|f cflbn] a8\sf}Fnf emfg{ a8\sf}Fnf lgsfNg . a9\g
 c) lqm) [;+) j4{g] != sg} j:tsf] cfsf, cfotg, kldf0f cflb klxn]sf] eGbf a9\tf xg
j[l4 xg . @= u0fgf, gfktf}n cflbdf clws xg . #= d"No, clwsf, of]Uotf, ;fdYo{
cflbdf j[l4 xg . $= w]} :yfg 9fSg] jf cf]u6\g] xg . %= dbdQ xg pGdQ xg dfl
Qg 6lKkg . ^= clu ;g{ nDsg . &= ;\u|flng km}ng lkmFlhg . *= emfFlug ufFlhg
}nfpg . (= kmNg ;lgg . a9 lj) [k|f) a8\9] != cfjZostfeGbf yk jf ePsf] eGbf a9
L a9L a9\tf . @= a9]sf] w]} . sf gf) ;sfL jf u};sfL sfo{;Dkfbgsf lglDt lnOg]
bdf a9L ltg]{ k|lt1f jf ;DaGw . aGwsL gf) != aGwsL hUuf lnPafkt aLraLrdf ykf}tL ulP
sf] lg . @= ef]uaGwsL lbPsf]df olt ;do;Dd lgvGg] 5}g eGg] ;t{ fvL n]lvPsf] lnvt .
a9jf gf) [a9 jf] != sg} j:t yf]}af6 w]} xg] k|lqmof . @= s;}nfO{ ;sf{P jf kmsf{P d
kofpg] sfd . a9fOF gf) [a9\ cfOF] != ;fd"lxs kaf6 tf]k, aGbs cflb k8\sfP xiff]{Nnf;
dgfpg] sfd . @= To:tf] xiff]{Nnf;sf] pT;j (xif{ a9fOF, nx] a9fOF Psf a9fOF O) .) .
a9fO gf) [ a9\ ( cfO)] a9\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . r9fO gf) != jf:tljstfeGbf a9L kdf s
sf k|:tt ulg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= prfNg] kmSof{pg] sfd . [ > ] a9fOg s) lqm) a9
\g] kflg a9\g nfOg j[l4 ufOg . a9fp gf) yf]a } f6 w]} xg] k|lqmof j[l4 lj:tf
|) ] lqm) a9\g] kfg{ a9\g nfpg lj:tf jf j[l4 ufpg . a9fa9 gf) [a9\ cf a9\] != sg}
kf cflbdf k:kdf a9L 7]Ssf lbg san ug]{ sfd . @= wdfwd a9\g] sfd . > a9fa9L gf) a9fa
9 . a9f\g ;) lqm) [;+) j4{g g] srfn] jf emf8n] w"nf]dn " f], sl;\u cflb ;fkm ug{
cflbn] kmf]xf]d}nf ofFSg] sfd ug{ . > a9fs9 F f gf) w"nf]d"nf], sl;\u cflb srf]
8n] ;kmf ug]{ sfd a9fg]{ sfd . a9ffO gf) a9fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . a9flg s) lqm) a9
fg]{ sfd
880

ulg srf] nufOg . a9f?! lj) [a9\ cf?] != a9\g] hft jf cj:yfsf] a9\g] vfnsf] a9fn .
h]7f] 7"nf] . a9f?@ gf) [a9f\ p] != srf] nufpg] sfd a9fg]{ sfd . @= a9fg]{ j:t srf]
fn lj) [a9\ cfn] != a9\g] hft jf cj:yfsf] a9\g] vfnsf] a9f? . @= 7"nf] ePsf] ;UnfPsf
] ;k|]sf] . al9g c) lqm) [a9\ O g] a9\g] xf]Og 7"nf] xf]Og . al9a9fp gf) [a9L a9fp]
wdfwd a9\b} hfg] sfd jf l:ylt j[l4 . @= wg, dfg cflb pQf]Q a9\b} hfg] k|lqmof . #=
a9fa9 . al9of lj) [a9\ Oof] != ljz]if u0f ePsf] c;n pQd pDbf . gf) @= enf] sNof0f .
9L lj) [a9\ O{] rflxg]eGbf w]} a9\tf clws yk|} . a9jfa9}of lj) [a9\ pofP]jf] != a
dsf] a9\g] vfnsf] ;k|g] hftsf] . gf) @= tNnf] kbaf6 dflyNnf] kbdf j[l4 xg] sfd kbf
]Gglt k|df];g . a9]/ gf) x]) a8]/ . a9f]QL gf) [a9\ pQL] pQf]Q j[l4 xFb} hfg] k|lqm
a9f}tL gf) [a9\ cf}tL] != tna, eQf cflb a9]cg;f yk kfpg] sd . @= al9a9fp . a9f}nL gf)
[a9\ cf}nL] sfFqmfsf clulNtsf] 7"nf] efu . a9\tf lj) [a9\ tf] != a9L atf{ . @= s;};Fu
gldNg] c3]{nf] cvfg . a9\tL gf) [a9\ tL] != a9\g] jf a9L xg] sfd j[l4 clwstf . @= al
a9fp a9f}tL . a9\bf] lj) [a9\ bf]] al9x]sf] a9\g nfu]sf] j4{gzLn . ~ dfn gf) al9x]sf
f]kf7L, af5f]af5L, kf8f]kf8L cflb a:t . al0fs gf) [;+)] JofkfL . atfO gf) [ atfp (
!= atfpg] jf eGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= atfpg] jf aQfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] atfOg s) lqm) != atfpg] sfd ulg aofg ufOg elgg . @= atfpg] jf aQfpg] sfd ulg
fOg . atfpg! ;) lqm) [;+) jftf{ cfp g] != sg} sf] jf vj eGg aofg ug{ sxg . @=
hgfpg . #= sf] vf]n] eGg x:o k|s6 ug{ . atfpg@ ;) lqm) [;+) jft cfp g] wfgdf ld
f]u6f tyf wfg, sf]bf], uxF cflbdf ePsf] w"nf]d"nf] xfjfdf wff] nfP jf gf\nfn] xlDs
P emfb}{ p8fpg aQfpg . atf; gf) [;+) jft cf;] != xfjf jfo kjg . @= 7"nf] xfjf xL
kOFsL . > atf;f gf) dw];df kfOg] leq vf]qmf] xg], lrgLsf], Ps k|sfsf] ld7fO{ .
atfl;g c)

881

atf;LaQL gf) aQL;j6f bfFt klkSjtfsf] lrXg . ~ bGt] lj) aQL;j6f bfFt xg] af]n]sf] sf
Ug] jf kofpg] . ~ ktnf lj) gfgfefFtL 5n5fdsf sf . ~ ktnL gf) f]rs cfVofg ePsf] k|f
Lg k:ts . ~ ktn] lj) aQL;ktnf hf]8\g] . ~ dhf gf) pd], an jf >dn] cgxf rfplPsf]
l:ylt . ~ nIf0f gf) ljlzi6 JolStxsf zL tyf :jefjdf xg] egL k|l;4 aQL;j6f ze nIf0f
. [(!) kf;gdf a:tf j[Qfsf cf;g xg . (@) cf}n F f nfdfnfdf xg . (#) cf}n F fsf
sfkdf 5fnfljz]if a9\tf cf}Fnf hf]8\bf 6Dd ldNg] xg . ($) 5fnf gd xg j[4fj:yfd
f klg ojfsf] h:tf] >L xg . (%) ;ft k|sfn] zL ;jfl;t xg . (^) xl0fsf h:tf lkmnf
xg . (&) uKtf\ux xfQLsf c08sf]ifh:t} uKt xg . (*) zLsf] dflyNnf] efu l;+xsf] h:
t} ;nSs k]sf] xg . (() zLsf ljleGg c\u ;ul7t xg . (!)) sfFw ki6, rf}8f uf]n xg
. (!!) kfvf fd|L kms{g] tn;Dd kUg] xg . (!@) kfvf nfdf xg . (!#) ;Dk"0f{ zL
hf]do j[Qn] oSt xg . (!$) z\v;dfg 3fF6L xg . (!%) ;f]emf] l;+xsf] h:tf] lrpF
8f] xg . (!^) aQL; bfFt xg . (!&) pHHjn l5b| gePsf bGtk\lSt xg . (!*) :jR5
k:kdf ldn]sf bfFt xg . (!() a\uf :jR5 ;Gb xg (@)) lha|f] nfdf] xg . (@!) ljle
g ;"Idflt;"Id :jfb lng] zlSt xg . (@@) eFu]fsf] h:tf] :j xg . (@#) a|Xdfsf] h:
tf] df}lns 1fgk"0f{ jf0fL xg . (@$) cfFvLef}F ;fF9s ] f h:tf gLnsdnsf sf xg .
(@%) bO{ cfFvLef}Fsf aLr sf]dn f]d]vf xg . (@^) kuLh:tf] ldn]sf] fd|f] skfn xg
. (@&) z4 ;gh:tf] k|bLKt zL xg . (@*) k|an JolStTj xg . (@() zLdf w]} k:k 6f
f gd bflxg]lt 3d]sf f}F xg . (#)) gLndl0fh:tf] sfnf] 6Nsg] s]z xg . (#!) Gou|f
w ] kld08n xg (#@) lji0fsf] h:tf] b[9 :jefj xg ] ~ nlR5g gf) aQL;nIf0f . > alQ
;f gf) != aQL; k|sfsf h8La6L, d;nf cflb ldnfP agfOPsf], ;Ts]LnfO{ vjfOg] Ps kf}li
6s cf}ifwL . lj) @= w]} lsl;dsf sf ug{ hfGg] 5QL;f laTkft] . alQ;L gf) aQL;j6f j:tsf
;d"x, h:tf] l;+xf;gaQL;L (Ps k:tssf] gfpF) . alQ;] lj) != aQL; jif{sf] pd] ePsf] .
@= aQL; bGt xg] #= aQL; nlR5gn] oSt . $= aQL;ktn] . alQ;f}F lj) u0fgfsf qmdn]
aQL; ;\Vofdf k]sf] aQL;rflxF ;\Vofsf] . aQL gf) [;+) jlt{sf] != l3pt]ndf lehfP afNg
lglDt lkpL sft] jf wfuf] bf]Ao|fP agfOPsf] ;n]bf] . @= nfnl6g, nDkmf, skL cflbsf] ;n
]bf] jf lkmQf . #= lbof] bLk . $= lrfs d;fn . %= lahnL, d}gaQL, nfnl6g
~ bGt

lqm) != rlnx]sf] atf; ;Fu;Fu} xl{g xfjfsf ;fy;fy} p8\g . @= j]u;Fu sb\g xflgg al
g . #= kmnaf6 aRrf k}bf gxg . $= csf n}nd } f nfUg . atfl;nf] lj) rflxFbf] at
f; nfUg] xfjf rNg] (7fpF) . atf;L gf) aLraLrdf 7f8f 8G8L xfnL agfOPsf] ofn . atf;L g
f) [g]jf)] 3sf] 5fgf] c8fpg] kfvfltsf] blng . atf;] lj) [atf; P] != cU3f] atf; nfUg] .
@= leq xfjf dfq ePsf] ;f jf tYo gePsf] . #= xfjfn] p8fpg ;Sg], xn\uf] kftnf] . $=
efn] gnfuLsg kflPsf] rNnf glg:sg] lghL{j (kmn) . %= kmOF w]} lemSg] jf asas ulxg]
\tf af]Ng] . ^= afasf] 6u \ f] gnfu]sf] (afnv) . atf:ofO gf) [ atfl; ( ofO)] atfl;g
] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] atf:ofOg s) lqm) atfl;g] kflg atfl;g nfOg . atf:ofpg
k|]) lqm) atfl;g] kfg{ atfl;g nfpg . atfxf! lj) [;+) jft cfxf] atfpg] jf aQfpg] vf
nsf] xfjfsf] hf]8 kofP hf] ePsf] w"nf]dn " f] x6fOPsf] atfOPsf] (wfg cflb) . atfxf@
lj) [;+) jftf{ cfxf] grflxFbf sf w]} ug]{ atf;] . > atfxL lj) grflxFbf sf ug]{ a9\t
(:qL) . altof! gf) [k|f) alQcf] avf{df;df ;fk6 jf k}Frf] lnPsf] cGg To:tf] cgfhsf
] ;fk6L jf k}Frf] . altof@ gf) 5fgf] pwf]sf] kfgf] v, kfn cflb . altnf] gf) [;+) jft
f]] != k"mn emlg;s]sf] kmn k"mn;Fu}sf] kmn lrlrnf] . @= b"wdv] afns . atlg c) lqm)
[atf] O g] atf] xg grflxFbf] sfdf uGylgg kmfFlsg . at ] atf] lj) [atf]
g]{ afgL ePsf] sf}6] . :qL) atL kmtf}L . atf} ] atf}f] lj) [atf}f] P], [aft cf}
]{ atf] . :qL) atf}L . aQf gf) [;+) j6] vn, l;nf}6f] cflbdf cf}ifwL, d;nf cflb lkFW
g] kTy jf kmnfdsf] ;fwg nf]xf]f] lk:tf . aQfO gf) [ aQfp ( cfO)] aQfpg] lqmof jf k|lq
. > aQfOg s) lqm) aQfpg] sfd ulg . aQfpg c) lqm) [;+) jft cfp g] != xfjfsf ;fy} p8
] hfg atfl;g . @= cQf]kQf] gxg a]kQf xg . #= uPsf 7fpFaf6 gkms{g uPsf] uo} x
g ptfsf] pt} xg . ;) lqm) $= x]) atfpg@ . alQg c) lqm) [;+) jft O g] != j]un] xfFl
g j]un] hfg jf p8\g . @= xfjf nfu] kf]u6f, e;, w"nf]d"nf] cflb p8\g] sfd xf]Og
 . alQ; gf) [;+) flq+zt\] != tL; bOs { f] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof #@sf] c\s . lj) @= t
/ bOs { f of]u;\Vofsf] .

aQL;a4 cflb k|sfz pTkGg ug]{ ;fwg . ^= afF; kmf]] agfOPsf] kftnf] lrf] ef6f] (d}ly))
. ~ lrf gf) lrkmfsf sfddf k|of]u ulg] Hofb} kftnf] Ps hftsf] sk8f . aQL; gf) x]) alQ;
. > aQL;f gf) x]) alQ;f . aQL;L gf) x]) alQ;L . aQL;] lj) x]) alQ;] . aQL;f} F lj) x
]) alQ;f}F . aQ gf) [ snfaQ] wfufdf a]lPsf] ;g, rfFbL cflbsf] dl;g tf wfufdf a]lP
f] Ps lsl;dsf] hL . ayg gf) y]uf] xgL . { a:g 9Sg k|tLIff ayfg\g c) lqm) [ayfg
kv] ug{ . @= ayfgdf ldn] hfgsf lglDt kv{g ;fyL sg{ . ayfg gf) [;+) cj:yfg] kz jf
kIfLxsf] ;d"x xfFr aufn kmf}h . > ayfgfO gf) ayfGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ayflgg c) lqm
kv]{ al;g k|tLIff ulg ayfGg] sfd ulg . ayjf gf) [;+) jf:ts] a]y]sf] ;fu . aYofx
lj) [afy ofxf] afysf] f]u ePsf] jft f]un] kLl8t . ab gf) [kmf)] != vfa . @= sg} zAbsf
fl8 nfu] vfjL jf e|i6tfsf] cy{ aemfpg] Ps ljz]if0fjfrL zAb (h:t} abrng, abdf;, abg
fd O)) . VjfOFVjfxL gf) csf{sf] lgGbf jf clxt xg] sf abgfdL lrof]rrf]{ . rng lj
nrng jf cfr0f ePsf] bfrfL bZrlq . gfd lj) ;a}ff nnsflPsf] jf lgGbf ulPsf] s
bVjfOF lgGbf cksL{lt{ sVoflt . lgot lj) != lgot vfa ePsf] :jfy{ tyf gLr ljrfaf6 c
sf lbg] jf axsfpg] dg;fo ePsf] a]Odfg wf]s]afh . @= hfgfhfgL st{Jo jf sf;DaGwL bfloT
j k"f gug]{ bfrfL bi6 . lgotL gf) ablgot xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf a]OdfgL wf]s]afhL
j) != vfa sfdaf6 hLjglgjf{x ug]{ bisdL{ . @= vfa rfnrng jf cfrfljrfsf] bfrfL . #
Zrlq . df;L gf) != abdf;sf] sfd bisd{ bfrf . @= bi6tf bj[{lQ bJo{;g . #= Jo
lqtf . ab lj) [kmf)] != ;b jf ;fFrf] g7xlPsf] ;b gePsf] c:jLs[t . @= sfggL kdf s
gePsf] jf xg ldNg gcfPsf] . #= ;|]:tfdf ;bsf] pN6f] vflh vf]h . ablsf gf) [;+)] !=
pb\ud:yfg tyf 5]p5fpsf] If]q . @= aosf] v jf To;sf] kmn . > ablsf>d gf) pQ eftdf x]
Ps ;k|l;4 lxGb" tLy{:yn rf wfddWo]sf] Ps wfd . abLgfyabLgffo0f gf) [;+)] != ablsf
dsf] tLy{ . @= ablsf>ddf x]sf gffo0fsf] d"lt{ .
882

abn\g ;) lqm) [abn g] != Ps yf]ssf ;fdf csf]{ yf]s fVg ;f6km] ug{ . @= sg} sfd P
Faf6 csf{ 7fpFdf ;fg{ x]km] ug{ kljt{g ug{ . #= sg} j:t otfsf] ptf ptfsf] otf u
cbnabn ug{ . $= pN6fpg . abn gf) [c)] != abNg] jf ablng] sfd x]km] kljt{g (h:tf] c
bn km]abn) . @= af]tn . abnf gf) [c) abn] != Ps j:tsf ;fdf csf]{ j:t lbg] sfd abnfa
nL ;fegf{ Ifltk"lt{ . @= ;fkf ;f6km] . #= Ps j:tsf ;fdf lnOPsf] csf]{ j:t xhf{gf
sf] dfn jf sd . $= s;}n] u]sf c;n jf vfa sfdsf pQdf csf{n] ug]{ To:t} sfd k|ltsf . ab
fO gf) [ abn\ ( cfO)] abNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] abnfOg s) lqm) abNg nfOg abNg]
kflg . abnfpg k|) ] lqm) abNg nfpg abNg] kfg{ . ablnFbf] lj) ablng nfu]sf] ablng}
cfF6]sf] . ablng c) lqm) != cbnabn xg x]km] xg . @= Ps yf]ssf] csf]{ yf]s xg
;f6km] xg . #= pN6fkfN6L xg plN6g . $= x]km] xf]Og . abnL! gf) [afbn O{] lkmFlhP
fsfz 9fsL a;]sf] afbn x:;] 36f 3fd gnfu]sf] l:ylt . abnL@ gf) [abn O{] != abNg] sfd x
m] ug]{ sfd kljt{g . @= ;f6km] ;fkf . abfd gf) [kmf) afbfd] != hfdf sf];fsf kdf k
kqn] a]lPsf], ;]tf] lbpnf xg] Ps hftsf] kmn lrlgofFabfd abd . @= cf?sf laofFsf cf
sfsf], lbpn :jflbi6 xg] d;nfsf] kdf k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] kmn sfuhL abfd . > abfdL
f) != ;]tf], kx]Fnf], ftf] v}f] efj ldl;Psf] . lj) @= abfdsf] h:tf] \usf] . abfd]
lj) abfdL . abL! gf) [;+) axna, lbglb  alb] != rfGb|df;df xg] s[i0f kIf . @= axn
kIf (s[i0fkIf) lbgsf] 5f]6f] k . abL@ gf) [kmf)] != vfaL sd;nkgf . @= kfk bfrf .
g]sL . a4 lj) [;+)] != afFlwPsf] sl;Psf] . @= ;f+;fls aGwgdf k]sf] . #= lgoldt lgwf{l
. sf]i7 lj) slAhot ePsf] sf]i7a4tfsf] f]u nfu]sf] . kls lj) sg} sfd ug{ tlD;Psf
fPsf] sDd s;]sf] . k|lt1 lj) k|lt1f u]sf] jrga4 ePsf] . dli6 lj) ;fxf] d7L e
;Sg] nf]eL . d"n lj) b[9 x]sf] c6n l:y . fu lj) cgSt cf;St . ~ lkd gf) :jt
g;Sg] d"n kdf ufFl;P dfq k|of]u xg] k"j{;u{, k;u{ cflb kv08 . j} gf) dgdf x]sf]
f] l; . > a4f~hln lj) s;}nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ xft hf]8]sf] hDnfxft u]sf] . a4fgfu lj)

883

ab|Lag af]6 jf To;}sf sf];f . > agsf] gf) != k|foM wfdLemfFqmLn] b]jtfsf] kdf dfGg]
k"hfcfhf, w"kwjfF ulg] Ps b]jtf, h:t} jgsf] nfUg (d"R5f{ kg],{ ljr]t xg] jf d6
 vfg] f]u nfUg) agsf] sfpg -nf6f]sf];]f] sfpg O)_ a8]gL . ~ sf]bf] gf) h\undf
s hftsf] sf]bf] rf} Fs ] f]bf] kf\b  . ~ uwf gf) agdf xg], f3]kf6] sf] Ps hftsf]
uhjf lj) s;}nfO{ g6]g{] ;fF9f . ~ uxt gf) uxts} 5fF6sf kft xg], xlof] nfdf] wf]u]
emfsf] h:tf] k"mn kmNg], emKkfbf sf];f kmNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] ;f]xL sf];fleqsf] F f g
f) jgdf ufO{n] uf]Ao|fP ;s]sf] u]8f jf cGg . ~ uO7 uf]a ksnf . ~ uf]eL gf) ufO{lhe
|] emf . ~ uf]:jff gf) f0ffsfnLg ;dodf v8f ulPsf], g]kfn clwfHosf] jgh\un;DaGwL sfd
{ jf x]g]{ c8\8f . ~ 3fn] gf) a];fsf h:tf 7"nf kft xg], xlof 3f]ufdf k"mn kmNg] P
s hftsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] hfdf kmNg] sGb . ~ rD; gf) h\undf jf l;d;fdf xg] Ps vfnsf]
rD; h\unL rD; . ~ rL gf) != jgsf] rf] jgrf]sf] ;fgf] k . @= ufpF3df a:g] ;Lwf
r?jf gf) != agdf rg]{ kz . lj) @= agdf rg]{ . #= agag 8n] lxF8\g] . $= agdf 3fF;k
ft, bfpf cflb Nofpg] sfddf hfg] (JolSt) . ~ rjf gf) nfdfnfdf kft xg, ] j:tnfO{
3fF; vjfOg] Ps hftsf] rjf . ~ hfFr gf) ag;DaGwL sfd ug]{ c8\8f . ~ hfFr ] gf) ag
sf] ]vb]v ug]{ sd{rfL . ~ lhf] gf) h\unL hLf] . ~ emfFqmL gf) != lxdfnL e]sdf xg],
dgiosf cfsfsf] xg] Ps k|l;4 k|f0fL . @= otL lxddfgj . #= h\unleqsf vf]N;fvfN;Ldf
8nL lxF8\g] k|f0fL . (o;n] vf]6 gnfu]sf dfG5]nfO{ ;6Ss nu] emfFqmL ljBf l;sfP s
]xL lbgdf km]l cfg} 7fpFdf NofOlbG5 eGg] nf]sljZjf; 5) . $= wfdLn] b]ptf a:tf ;]pn
Lsf kdf Jojxf ug]{ d;nfsf h:tf t sfnfsfnf kft xg] Ps hftsf] v . 6fL vhsf] af]6h
Ss cUnf], nfdfnfdf xlof kft xg], ;Nnfsf vdf em}F uR5fbf k"mn kmNg] kmn nfUg] zf]
ef j[If . ~ 89]nf] gf) agdf nfu]sf] 89]nf] jf cfuf] . ~ 8G8 gf) KofhL uf] k"mn km
Ng] h\unL 8G8 ;fu . ~ 9f8] gf) ag k;]sf] 9f8] jf efn] lafnf] 3sf] lafnf]eGbf 7"nf]
fUbf] lafnf] . ~ t?n gf) 3t?ns} h:tf t ;fgf tyf kfgsf cfsfsf kft xg], ;]tf], v}f],
] cflb sGb xg] Ps hftsf] t?n . ~ tf]lofF gf) != af6nf lsl;dsf kft, kx]Fnf] k"mn
em;] s]nfsf h:tf kmn xg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . @= To;}sf] kmn agl3f}Fnf] . ~ wfGo gf) h\
nL cGg . ~ b"w ] gf) d"nfsf 5fF6sf ;;fgf kft xg] 6Kkfdf l;ph:tf] eP kx]Fnf k"mn k
mNg] Ps hftsf] a6L . ~ b]pBf} gf) jgb]jtf . ~ gfn gf)

k|]ddf km;]sf] cgSt cf;St . ab|L gf) [;+) abL] ablsf . wfd gf) eftsf] pQv08df
l;4 lxGb" tLy{:yn rf wfddWo] Ps wfd . gfy gf) abLgfy lzj . ab\ng ;) lqm) [abn\ g
j:tsf ;fdf csf]{ j:t fVg ;f6km] xg abNg . @= sfdsf]sf] x]km] xg kljt{g
N6g . > ab\nfO gf) ab\ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ab\nfOg s) lqm) ab\ng] kflg ab\ng nf
Og . ab\nfpg k|) ] lqm) abNg nufpg abNg] kfg{ . ab\lng ;) lqm) ab\ng . ab\Nof
O gf) ab\lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . awfO{ gf) [;+) j4{g] != cfgf Oi6ldq jf ;fyLxsf] sg}
;kmntfdf k|s6 ulg] xiff]{b\uf . @= ;fwjfb wGojfb :ofjf;L . #= k|z+;f tflkm . alws l
[;+) aws] Hofg dfg]{ xToff] . alw lj) [;+)] alxf] . tf gf) alxf]kgf . aw" gf) [;+
!= gjljjflxtf :qL a]xnL bnxL . @= kTgL efof{ . #= axfL . ag\g c) lqm) [k|f) j0f0f
] != sg} ljifo jf j:t lgld{t xg algagfp xg tof xg lrg . @= kfgf] j:tsf] gj
xg dd{t xg hL0ff]{4f xg . #= kb, dof{bf, clwsf, l:ylt cflbdf pFef] nfUg ;k|g
pGglt xg . $= sfd l;4 xg sfo{l;l4 xg . %= a9L of]Uo jf uDeL efj b]vfpg ah|
SofOF b]vfpg . ^= wg;DklQ sdfP l:ylt ;wg | . ag gf) [;+) jg] h\un x]) jg . ~ cbj
f gf) 8fF7af6} kft lg:sg], sfnf] sGb xg] Ps hftsf] cbjf . ~ skf; gf) kfFrsg] kft
xg,] kx]n F f k"mn kmNg], ;]tf] ejfbf kmn kmNg] v jf To;} vsf kmnsf] skf; . ~ sk
 gf) s\sf]n . s gf) != afFb . lj) @= c;Eo h\unL . ~ s]nf] gf) km;L{sf 5fF6sf k
nf k"mn, gd, sfF8]bf, ftf], nfDrf] kmn 7"nf] sGb xg] Ps hftsf] nxf] ;f]xL nxfsf] k
m;]s]nf] . ~ ss{nf] gf) ag}of ss{nf] hnsf] . s; gf) != aflaof] . @= h\unL 3fF;kft
ofpFbf ltg{kg]{ ;sfL sd . ~ sfg] gf) ;fwf0f lsl;dsf l8Dafsf kft xg], gLnf, ;fgf kft
f] km]bdf 5f]lkPsf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] eO{Femf . ~ ss gf) hLpsf] \u v}f]v}f],
] sfnf] kR5sf] 6Kkf] ;]t} xg], h\undf a:g] ss . ~ sv  f] gf) jgdf xg] jf kfO
] jgsSs6 nOFr] . ~ s]j F f gf) h\unL s]Fjfsf] k"mn . ~ s]f gf) jgdf xg,] sf\lu
s} 3Ldf nx} nfUg] ubLleq sfnf u]8f xg] Ps hftsf] s]f . ~ s]fp gf) lr:ofg k]sf v]t
F f] pd|g,] dl;gf sf];f sf];fleq ltnsf u]8fhqf u]8f xg] Ps lsl;dsf]

agfOagL 7f8f f}F ePsf], kfFr;ft sgf k]sf nfdf e]6g \ f xg,] skf;sf] h:tf] kft ePsf]
, kx]Fnf 7"nf k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] alnof] af]6 . ~ ggl9sL gf) a9\tf glgnf] xg]
Ps hftsf] emf . ~ kj} gf) Ps hftsf] h\unL kj} jgpkf]bsL . ~ kfnf gf) agagdf uf]7 fv]
ng] ulPsf] e]8fsf] Ps hft . ~ kfn] gf) jgh\unsf] ]vb]v jf x]ljrf ug]{ sd{rfL aghfFr
~ lkKnf gf) h\undf xg] lkKnf . ~ k}bfjf gf) jgh\unsf ;a} hft lsl;dsf v, sf7kft, s
af]qmf, vf]6f, afF;, aflaof] cflb rf}kfof hgfjxsf] ;d"x . ~ k}o F gf) k}os F" f] e
Gbf cln ;fgf] af]6 xg,] jgdf kfOg] Ps yL k}oF" . ~ ag]nf] gf) ag agdf xg] j:t .
jf; gf) agsf] jf; xg] l:ylt jgs} f;f]af;f] jgjf; . af;L gf) != bfFtL k]sf ;fwf
k]sf kft xg], xlof] k"mn kmNg], ;fgf] e]6\g ePsf] clg kmndf kftnf] kbf{h:tf] p
lgPsf] xg,] Ps hftsf] v r9\g] nxf] . @= jgjf;L . ~ laldf] gf) agdf xg] Ps hftsf] l
aldf] . ~ lafnf] gf) lafnfsf hftsf] agdf xg] k|f0fL h\unL lafnf] . ~ a]y ] gf) kfn
cfsfsf ;;fgf kft, ;]tf k"mn tyf dl;gf u]8f xg] h\unL a]y] . ~ a]nL gf) nxfdf kmNg
], af:gfbf Ps k|sfsf] ;]tf] k"mn . ~ eFu ] f] gf) 6fpsf] 9f8 ftf], e8 F L ;]tf] a
L efu v}f] xg,] hu \ ndf xg] Ps hftsf] eFu]f] . ~ et] gf) 3b]lv aflx gbLsf] tL,
g cflbdf uP ulPsf] et] jf ef]h ageft . ~ eft gf) != agh\n jf To:t} dfOnf 7fpFdf uP
vfOg] eft . @= sflQs dlxgfdf ljz]iftM cdnfsf vdlg ksfP vfOg] eft . ~ dfG5] gf) !=
jgsf] dfG5] dfgjh:tf] b]lvg] jfg . @= gjfgu0fdWo] Ps . dff gf) blwnfsf h:tf kft
km}lnFb} hfg] km}lnFb} hfFbf ;;fgf emfa6f, afnLla?jf cflb gfz ug]{ Ps hftsf] a
6f] tLt]emf . ~ df; gf) km]blt 8Nnf 6Kkflt rRrf k]sf tLgf]6f ;+oS  t kft xg]
df kmn nfUg], cfojb {] df zqmj4{s tyf anj4{s egL atfOPsf] Ps hftsf] nxf] To;}sf
u]8f dfifk0fL{ . ~ duL gf) duLs} h:tf s]xL 7"nf kft, sf];f k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] n
xf] To;}sf u]8f db\uk0fL{ . ~ dnf gf) d"nfs} h:tf 7"nf nfdf kft, nfDrf, 7"nf Kofh
sf k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] d"nf uf]7fn] d"nf fjGg] d"nf . ~ d]yL gf) kx]n F f] k"mn kmN
] Ps hftsf] h\unL d]yL . fh gf) l;+x . ~ n;g gf) n;gsf h:t} tjfsf cfsfsf rf5j6
,] unfkmL k"mn kmNg] Ps a6L jf To;}sf] kf]6L . ~ ;f\nf] gf) 3;f\nf]eGbf 7"nf] ;t
{sf] h:tf] xg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;f\nf] . ~ l;nfd gf) h\undf kfOg] Ps
884

hftsf] l;nfd h\unL l;nfd . ~ ;Gtnf gf) ;Gtnfs} h:tf clns ;fgf kft lgs} ;fgf kmn x
g], ;Gtnfsf] h:tf] Tolt fd|L s];f | g5lg], :jfb klg ;Gtnf;Gtnfsf] h:tf] t s]xL c
ldnf] xg] Ps hftsf] h\unL ;Gtnf . ~ ;k gf) ;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] h\unL ;k
. ~ xn]bf] gf) nfdfnfdf kft xg], tx}tx k]sf ftf k"mn kmNg] cbjfsf] h:tf] sGb xg
] Ps hftsf] h\unL xn]bf] jgxlb|f . agfO gf) [ ag\ ( cfO)] aGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] agfOg s) lqm) != aGg nufOg algagfp kflg . agfpg k|) ] lqm) != algagfp kfg{
rgf ug{ lgdf{0f ug{ . @= dd{t ug{ hL0ff]{4f ug{ . #= tNofpg tof kfg{ . $= s;}
fO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfaf6 ljz]if cj:yfdf kofpg] sfd ug{ . ;) lqm) %= sNkgf ug{ chdfpg
 . ^= kb, dof{bf, dfg, l:ylt cflbdf pFef] nufpg pGgt kfg{ . agft gf) [agfj6] c s
k8feGbf leGg} lsl;dsf], leGg} afgf agf]6 ePsf], afSnf] vfnsf] pmgL sk8f afFt . ag
f; gf) [;+) jff0f;L] sfzL jff0f;L . agf;L lj) [agf; O{] != agf;df xg,] aGg] jf kf
agf;;DaGwL agf;sf] . ~ ;fL gf) agf;df tof ulg] Ps k|sfsf] k|l;4 ;fL . ~ afa gf)
Qm . agfj6 gf) [ag\ cfj6] != agfpg] sfd jf snf agf]6 rgf lgdf{0f . @= b]vfj6L 9fFrf 9
F cf8Da . #= afGsL agf]6 . > agfj6L lj) != s[lqd ksf] b]vfj6L gSsnL (rlq, rfn, :j
)) . @= 9f]FuL cf8DaL . #= s[lqd kaf6 agfOPsf] (rLhaLh) . algagfp lj) [ag\ o agfp] != a
] tof ePsf] fd|L alg;s]sf] k"0f{tM ;DkGg ePsf] . @= 7Ls7fs kflPsf] tDtof ePsf] . g
l9a9fp pGglt k|ult . algofF gf) [;+) jl0fs\] != k;n yfk] a;]sf] JolSt k;n] JofkfL .
Jofkf ug]{ Ps hflt . #= Jofkfls dgf]j[lQ ePsf] JolSt . ~ hflt gf) Jofkf u] hLjglgjf{x
ug]{ Ps hflt . algof gf) agL lnP csf{sf d]nfkftsf] sfd ug]{ JolSt agLdf sfd ug]{ dfl
g; v]tfnf] dhb hg . > algofL gf) algofsf] sfd HofnfbfL . agL gf) [ag O{] != ;fgf
XgjL] @= csf{sf] sfd ullbPafkt kfOg] kfl>lds jf Hofnf dhbL . af; gf) != h\unsf] af
jf; (k|foM sYo k|of]u tyf nf]suLtdf) . @= cfk"m;Fu ePsf] rncrn ;DklQ hjf v]n] jf
;fx" nfu] ;a} lofPkl5 a;]sf] 7fpF 5f8] cGoq hfg] sfd jf cj:yf . atf] gf) agL lnP

885

agjfaGbL rnfOPsf] Ohnf; . sf]kLsf]aLuf]eL aGbfsf]kL aGbfuf]eL . gf;f gf) gfssf]

ylgPsf] cj:yf ylgPsf] gfs . aGb a]kf gf) [;+) jGb| Jofkf] != eOx]sf] jf ;k|]sf] a]kf
@= Jofkf . aGb! gf) [;+) jfg] afFb jfg . aGb@ gf) [kmf)] hxfhL 3f6 aGbufx . u
h cl8g] ;dbl| sgfsf] 3f6 kfgLhxfhsf] :6];g . aGb 3sL{ gf) [aGb 3sL{] cnfO{ 3Sof{p
j+ t;f{pgsf lglDt dfq b]vfOg] wDsL b]vfj6L wDsL agfj6L 3sL{ . aGb ;jfn gf) [aGb ;jfn
] != jfbL jf k|ltjfbLsf ;fIfLx d2f k]sf c8\8faf6 6f9f ePdf lghxn] b]v]hfg]yfxf kfPsf
] sf ;f]wgL ug{ b]lvP;Ddsf] ;jfn ptfL tL ;fIfL ePsf lhNnfsf cbfntnfO{ askq uL k7fOlb
g" egL k7fOg] ;jfn n]lvPsf] sfuh . @= To;L lnlvt k|ZgfjnL k7fO{ asfPsf ;fIfL jf J
olStsf] askq . aGbf! gf) [;+) a4] != sfut ufFl;Psf] 7fpF . @= aGbsf]kL aGbfuf]eL .
~ sf]kLsf]aLuf]eL gf) k"mnuf]eLsf h:tf afSnf, 7"nf xlof kft xg,] 6Kkfdf slnnf kx
N F rf kft uhl N6P ufF7f] kg],{ tsf{L vfOg] Ps hftsf] jg:klt aGbsf]kL . aGbf@ gf)
[lx)] ;]js, bf; . aGbfaGbL gf) [aGb cf aGb O{] != ofn9f]sf, af6f]3f6f] cflb ;a} aGb xg]
sfd . lj) @= k"f dfqfdf aGb ePsf] ;a}lt ylgPsf] . aGbf f]u gf) [aGbf f]u] af]6la?jf
nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . aGbL! gf) [;+) aGwL] :qLhfltn] lzdf nufpg] Ps jf cg]s nx xg]
gwfdf h8fpsf] emKkf] xg] Ps k|sfsf] ;gsf] uxgf lzaGbL . aGbL@ gf) [aGb O{] gfd zAbs
kl5 nfu] aGb ulPsf], cfwfdf, qmddf cflb cy{ aemfpg] zAb . (h:t} af]faGbL, vfdaGbL,
aGbL, jif{aGbL O)) . aGbL# gf) [;+)] != fhfxsf] :tltufg ug]{ JolQm rf0f ef6 . @= of
gfdf ygf k]sf] JolQm ygjf s}bL . vfgvfgf gf) ygj  fnfO{ fVg] 3 ofnvfg s}bv
gf) leq lr7L cflb xfn] aGb ulPsf] vfd . ~ u[x gf) dflg; jf cGo k|f0fL cfjthfjt ug{
g;Sg] uL ylgg] 7fpF aGbLvfgf ofnvfg . k gf) g]kfnsf] klZrdf~rn If]qcGtu{t kg]{ u0
c~rnsf] Ps dVo a:tL . ~ k|ToIfLs0f gf) != ygfdf k]sf JolQmnfO{ cfjZos sfdsfafO{sf
lglDt GofofwLz jf cbfntsf ;dIf pkl:yt ug{ lbOPsf] cfb]z ;/f]sfjfnfn] lbPsf] lgj]b
gsf cfwfdf ;jf]{Rr cbfnt, If]qLo cbfnt cflbn]

sfd Hofnf jf kfl>lds lng] uL ulPsf] csf{sf d]nfkftsf] sfd . agjf lj) [ag\ pjf] agsf],
h\unL ag}of . ag]n gf) [ag Pn] ;Fusf hftsf] t ljz]if df]6f] sl;nf] b]lvg] h\unL k
h\unL ;Fu aFb]n jfx . ag]nL gf) [ag PnL] != ;fgf] ag a6fa6L dfq ePsf] ;fgf] h\u
ag . @= agsf] zf]ef agdf x]sf] dfOnf] . lj) #= jgdf kfOg] jf xg] ag;DaGwL jgsf] . a
g}of! lj) [ag\ P]of] ag]sf] lgld{t tof ePsf] . ag}of@ lj) [ag P]of] agsf] ag;DaGwL h
kz gf) agdf xg] hGt agsf] hgfj . agf]6agf}6 gf) [ag\ cf]6cf}6] agfj6 . agf}6f] g
p cf}6f]] a6]g{ a6\Gof}6f] . aGr] lj) [aGr/f] P] aGr/f]h:tf] . ~ 9f]u gf) aGr/f] phfPh
tf] u/L dg gnfuLgnfuL ul/g] 9f]u . aGrf] gf) [;+) jg]r/] v 9fNg], luF8\g] bfpf cflb
lrg]{ sfddf pkof]u ulg], laF8 xflng] kf;flt df]6f] wflt kftnf] ePsf] Ps lsl;dsf] xlt
of kz km;f{ . > aGrofO gf) aGrofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aGrofOg s) lqm) aGrofpg]
Grfn] lxsf{Og . aGrofpg ;) lqm) != dg gkLgkLsg 9f]Ug sann] 9f]Ug 6:Sofpg . @=
sf JolStnfO{ xftn] sf6]sf] h:tf] uL b]vfpg wflpF xft kfg{ wf/] xft nfpg . aGhaGhf
[;+) aGWo] != glgnf] df6f] ePsf] hldg . @= s]xL klg gpd|g] hldg pm; e"ld . aGhffaG
hff] gf) [;+) jl0fh\] != 3f]8fdf, uf]?df, uwfdf jf cfg} sfFwdf dfntfn af]sfP jf af]s
] 3dL3dL Jofkf ug]{ JolSt wf]q]m JofkfL . @= Pp6f y . aG8n gf) [c\)] sg} j:t, sf
k8f, af]f cflbdf kflPsf] kf]sf] klnGbf . aG8f gf) [afF8\ cf] != sg} j:t, hUufhldg, w
;DklQ cflb Pscsf{df afF8\g] sfd afaL lx:;f kfg]{ jf efu nufpg] sfd . @= c+z efu lx:;f
. rG8f gf) sg} j:t jf cGo ;DklQ ;a}nfO{ afa xg] uL afF8\g] sfd rF8] eP klg ;a}
fg kn] efu nufpg] sfo{ . ~ kq gf) Psf3df a;]sf c+l;of bfhefOxdf rncrn ;DklQ Pj+ wgdf
n, ;fx"cf;fdL cflbsf] efuaG8f u] Ltk"j{s n]lvPsf] sfut c+zaG8fsf] lnvt . aGb lj) [kmf
] != rf}ltaf6 ylgPsf] jf f]lsPsf] . @= lasf]{ nufPsf] 9flsPsf] 5f]lkPsf] . #= ygfdf
k]sf] aGwgdf k]sf] afFlwPsf] . gf) $= f]sfj6 f]s6f]s 5]syg dgfxL . %= sfutsf] cf
fwf tfp sfut . ^= sg} sfd jf sf] gxg] l:ylt . ~ Ohnf; gf) GofofwLzx dfq xL

aGbsaa/ ygjf JolQmnfO{ sg} lglZrt ;dodf cbfnt;fd k|:tt u egL hfL u]sf] cfb]z .
@= JolQmut :jtGqtfsf clwsfsf] Ps dxjk"0f{ k|n]v . aGbs gf) [c) aGb"s] uf]nL, af?b
cflb e] k8\sfpg] jf rnfOg] Ps k|l;4 xltof . wfL lj) aGbs af]Sg] (;}lgs jf l;kfxL) .
> aGbs ] gf) != aGbs k8\sfpg] JolQm . lj) @= aGbs k8\sfpg] . aGb]h gf) [;+) aGw
g] != sg} ljz]if k|sfsf] LltlytL aGbf]a:t lgod . @= sg} sf0faf6 nfu]sf] k|ltaGw f]
#= x}sd t}gft . aGbf]a:t gf) [kmf)] sg} ljifo jf sfdsfafO{sf] k|aGw Joj:yf OlGthfd
a:t . aGw gf) [;+)] != afFWg] sfd aGwg . @= afFWg] j:t jf ;fwg (8f]L, lkmQf cflb)
. #= s}b ygf . $= kvf{n h]n . %= afFw (=t6aGw cflb) . ^= sg} sfJos[ltsf] ku7g fd|L l
nfpg ljz]if k|sfsf] cfs[lt, lrq cflb agfpg] sfd (;u{aGw, v8\uaGw, 5qaGw O)) . aGw
s lj) [;+)] != afFWg] s:g] . gf) @= 8f]L hOg aGwg . #= afFw . $= lgLn] ?lkofFk};f
6 lnPafkt ;f] rStf gu?Gh]n ;fx"sxfF fv]sf] lwtf] jf wf]6 afFwf . %= k};f c;Ng] b[
li6n] s;}nfO{ ylgfVg] sfd . stf{ gf) cfgf] 3, v]t cflb crn ;DklQ s;}nfO{ aGwsLsf kd
lbg] JolQm . aGwsL! gf) [;+)] != b]x Jofkf/ u/]/ hLljsf ug]{ cfOdfO{ Jolerfl0fL :q
L . @= aGWof :qL afFemL cfOdfO{ . aGwsL@ lj) [aGws O{] aGwsdf k]sf] C0f lnPafkt lwtf]
lvPsf] . ~ td;s gf) s;}sf] crn j:t aGwsL fv]sf] k|df0fk"j{ssf] lnlvt sfut . aGwg
! gf) [;+) jGbgf] df?gL gfr gfRgeGbf klxn] lglj{gtfsf] lglDt ufOg] d\unuLt . aGwg@
gf) [;+)] != afFWg] sfd . @= 8f]L cflb afFWg] ;fwg . #= ofnvfg aGbLu[x . $= f]sfj6 k|
ltaGw . %= zLsf] hf]gL{ ;lGw . ^= kmn, kft cflbsf] e]6\g . ~ u|lGy gf) != 8f]L, kf;f
] cflbsf] ufF7f] . @= zLsf cjojxsf] hf]gL{ . ~ kftf gf) dfndQf fVg] afs; s:g] kmnfd]
kftf . dlSt gf) sg} lgoGq0f jf aGwgaf6 xg] 56sff . > aGwgL gf) != zLsf cjojxnfO
fP afFWg] jf h]n] fVg] cjoj g;f] . @= 8f]L, hOg cflb aGwg . aGwgLo lj) != afFWg of]
o 6Gsfpg nfos s:gkg]{ . gf) @= kn km6\s] . alGwt lj) [;+)] != afFlwPsf] aGwgdf k]sf
. gf) @= aGWof :qL afFemL cfOdfO{ . aGw gf) [;+)] != bfhefO kmsL j+zh ;uf]q hflt
@=
886

Oi6ldq cfTdLo hg cfkmGt . #= ;fyL ldq lxt}ifL . $= ;xfos ;xr . %= ;xsdL{{ ;xkf7L .
f) aGw xgfsf] efj jf aGwdf xg] :jefj, u0f, Jojxf cflb . afGwj gf) bfhefO aGwju
{ . aGw ju{ gf) [;+)] bfhefOxsf] ;dbfo kmsL . aGw lju|x gf) [;+)] != cfgf bfhef
Osf aLrsf] emu8f . @= bfhefOxsf aLrsf] k"m6 . aGWo lj) [;+)] != afFWg of]Uo aGwgLo
. @= lgikmn Joy{sf] k|of]hg gePsf] . #= kmn gnfUg] yff] . $= afFemf] . aGWof gf) [;+
)] != afFemL cfOdfO{ zfLls bf]ifn] ubf{ ;Gtfg xg g;s]sL :qL . @= yff] jf a}nf kz .
s0f gf) kljf lgof]hgcGtu{t :qLxsf] l8DajflxgL g;fnfO{ zNolqmofff aGb ug]{ sfd ue
~ kq gf) aGWofsf] 5f]f] xgh:t} c;Dej sf] xg} g;Sg] sf] . aGgf gfr gf) [yf)] f
k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] nf]sgfr . aG;f] gf) [;+) j+z] != bafsf h:tf t s]xL nfdf kft xg]
, s];|}s];|f k]sf emKkfbf k"mn xg], cfFVn}lkR5] xfFuf xfNg] eO{Fdf nqFbf cfFVnf
af6 hf xfNg] Ps eO{Femf jf 3fF; dGyfgs . @= j+z . #= clt ;"Id c+z n]z cToNktf . akf}
tL gf) [afk cf}tL] afan] 5f]8] uPsf] jf afasf tkm{af6 c+z jf clwsfsf kdf cfPsf] ;Dkl
Q k}t[s ;DklQ . akmfO gf) [ akmfp ( cfO)] akmfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] akmfOFbf] l
j) akmfOPsf] pl;lgPsf] . akmfOg s) lqm) afkmff ksfOg afkmn] pl;lgg . akmfpg ;) l
[afkm cfp g] sg} vfB j:tnfO{ afkmff ksfpg afkmff pl;Gg vFufg{ . akmfbf lj) [
!= jrg st{Josf] kfngf ug]{ @= :jfldeQm jf cgzf;gzLn . > akmfbfL gf) != akmfbf x g
fsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= :jfldelQm cgzf;gzLntf . aa gf) [af) af])] ufO{ afFafF . aa
G8 gf) != sg} 36gfb3{6gf cflbsf sf0faf6 ePsf] xf]xNnf . @= pNsf pTkft . > aaG8L lj
8 ug]{ pNsf jf pTkft dRrfpg] . gf) #= cfFwLAofL . aa gf) [c\)] l;+x z]/ . aaafF gf)
F] s]6fs]6Ln] ufO{nfO{ 8fSg] jf 8fSgsf lglDt eGg] zAb aa}afF . aafn gf) [c) jafn]
!= cgfjZos emd]nf grflxFbf] slrn Joy{sf] 6G6f av]8f cfklQ ajfn . @= ef af]em . alag
c\)] sndf l;nfOsf] wfuf] a]g{] nfO{ jf rSsf . aa gf) [k|f) aa"] kx]n F f sf gd jf
f k"mn kmNg],

887

aa/f]ao;lcf} F ao;lof}F zAb . aDaf8{ gf) [c\) adaf8{] aduf]nf k|xf ug]{ jf a;f{pg]
. aDa gf) [c\) a"d] nufkmf6fsf l;pgL jf hf]gL{df nufOg] sk8fsf] wf] jf 6qmf] .
ad\ef]nf gf) [ad\ ef]nf] != dxfb]j lzj . @= ljifo jf;gfaf6 dQm x]sf] cyjf cToGt ;f]em
f] k|sl[ tsf] dflg; . aDd] gf) != yftL hu]8f htg . @= aGbfaGbL (vf; uL ;}lgsxsf] tna;
aGwL ljifodf k|rlnt) . ad\ z\s gf) [ad\ z\s] != lzjeStxsf] hkdGq . @= hf]uL;GGof;Ln]
ff dfUbf jf ufFhf vfg] a]nfdf eGg] zAb . ao gf) [g]jf)] sf7af6 agfOPsf], dnLs} 5f
F6sf] ;fgf], ;lnf] :j xg,] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf s[lifhLjL Hofk"xsf] nf]slk|o afhf .
ao gf) [;+) abL] ljz]if uL cf}lnof hUufdf kfOg], afSnf] emf sfF8f xg] slnnf]df xl
s6\ldf]df kx]Fnf kfs]kl5 ftf kmn nfUg] ubLleq ;fgf] laofF jf xf8 To;leq lbpn xg
] emG8} cdnfhqf] Ps kmn . aon! gf) aonL ao]nL . aon @ gf) [;+) jnb ] uf]? . ~ uf8f g
f) uf]?n] tfGg] uf8f uf]ofg . vL tfn gf) d}bfgdf gbLn] dfu{ abNbf ag]sf] tfn . kf6
f gf) c5fddf x]sf] Pp6f :yfg . aonkft] lj) [aonaonL kft]] != k g kR5sf] sf ug]{
:jefj xg] laTkft] 5fn] aoNn . @= aonL v]Ng] a]nf ePsf] wfgsf] af]6 jf uxFsf] af]6
. aon l;4fGt gf) [aon l;4fGt] hf] alnof] 5 p;}n] eg]sf] Pj+ u]sf] sf] 7Ls dfGg] l;4fG
t jf dt zlStl;4fGt . (h;sf] nL, p;sf] e}; F L) . aolng c) lqm) != cldNofpgsf lglDt
sg} efF8fdf vfFlbPsf] crf, uGb|s, l;GsL cflbsf] cldnf]kg xfP lau|g jf ;8\g nfUg :
jfb lau|g . @= bZrlq eP lxF8\g l5lxlng . aonL gf) [jon O{] x]) ao]nL . aoNofO gf)
aoln ( ofO)] aolng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aoNofOg s) lqm) aolng] kflg . aoNofpg
 k|) ] lqm) aolng] kfg{ aolng nufpg . aoNn lj) [;+) jo] Hofb} 5f8f eP lxF8\g] 5f8f
:jefj xg] pR5[\vn 5oNn 5fn] . > aoNn] lj) aoNn . ao; gf) [;+) jo;\] hLjgsf] lat]sf]
;do jo . ao;lcf} F ao;lof} F lj) [ao;L cf} F of}] F ao;L ;\Vofsf qmddf cfpg] ao;

nfdf sf];f kmNg] sfF8}sfF8f xg] Ps hftsf] v ajn . aaf] lj) dfofnfUbf] bogLo larf]
. aa}afF gf)x]) aaafF . ae|  lj) [;+)] != uf9f ksf] v}f] . gf) @= GofpLd;f] . #= uf
9f v}f] . $= lzj . jfxg gf) lrqf\ubfsf] ue{af6 hGd]sf kl5 dl0fksf zf;s xg], ch
Ps kq . ad\ gf) [;+) (cf]d) \ ] != lzjhLnfO{ k|;Gg ufpg pRrf0f ulg] zAb k|0fj . @=
;fw;GGof;L cflbn] leIff dfUbf eGg] zAb . ad! gf) [;+) j+z] aUuL, uf8f cflbdf nfu]
sf 3f]8f jf uf]?xsf dfemdf xg] nfdf] sf7 . ad@ gf) [c\) aDa] leq ljikmf]6s kbfy{ elPs
f], sg} klg cfsfk|sfsf] uf]nf zqsf] ljgfz ug{ jf cGo sg} sfo{sf lglDt k|of]u ulg] W
s c:q . uf]nf gf) x]) ad@ . adg gf) [;+) jdg] afGtf . > adgs gf) afGtf ufpg] j:t .
adjif{s lj) [ad jif{s] ad a;f{pg] ad v;fNg] ad xfGg] . adf]lhd gf) of]) [kmf) adlha]
cg;f dtflas ;x . (pbf) of] a]xf]f emf 7x] P]g;jfnadf]lhd ;xFnf aemfpFnf) . aD
m) l;sf cfj]udf 7"n7"nf] :jn] uh{g sn{g . > aDsfO gf) aDsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aDsf
Og s) lqm) aDsg nufOg aDsg] kflg . aDsfpg k|) ] lqm) aDsg nufpg aDsg] kfg{ . al
Dsg c) lqm) aDsg] xf]Og sln{g . aDSofO gf) alDsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aDSofOg s) l
qm) alDsg] kflg . aDSofpg k|) ] lqm) alDsg nufpg . aDSofx6 gf) alDsg] efj, cj:yf
jf lqmofk|lqmof . aDSofxf lj) alDsg] :jefjsf] alDsg] vfnsf] . aDk gf) [c\)] != df]6
Ldf OlGhgsf] arfj6sf lglDt xg] cluNnf] efusf] 9sgL . @= ek" em;L (aDk pkxf) aDk;]n
[kmf) a c) km:n] cfkmntfkmn k|z:t 5]nf]v]nf] ek" laqmL . aDaO{ gf) eftsf] Ps k|l;4 gu
O{ . ~ cfFk gf) Ps k|sfsf] c;n cfFk . aDaO{;g gf) vjf rf:gL e6] ftf] kf] agfOPsf
mL{h:t} uL yfn cflbdf 9fn] tof kflPsf] Ps hftsf] ld7fO{ . ad\ad\ gf) [ad\ ad\] hf]uL;G
of;Lxn] leIff dfUbf eGg]

ao;Laa ao;L gf) [k|f) af;l] != ;f7L bO{sf] of]u;\Vof Ps;Lkl5 cfpg] c\ s . lj)
{ s f] of]u;\Vofsf] . ao;6\7Lcf} F ao;6\7Lof} F lj) x]) ao;lcf}F . aof gf) != ;f\uL
\ } uLt ufpFb} lxF8g \ ] ufOg] hfltnfO{ lbOg] cGgsf] efu . @= To;L dfu] NofOPsf]
cGg . aofg gf) [c)] != sg} ljifodf lbOPsf] jf:tljs sfsf] avfg j0f{g ljj0f . @= s;}sf
|f] :jefj, fd|f] sfd cflbaf6 v;L eP ulg] k|z; + f tflkm . #= cfcbfntdf ;fIfL jf cleo
Stxn] lbg] ckfw jf d2f;DaGwL jStJo . $= sg} ljifodf ;DalGwt JolStff lbOg] ljj0f . ao
gAa] gf) [;+) lgjlt] != gAa] bO{sf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof PsfgAa]kl5sf] ;\Vof (@sf
. lj) @= gAa] bOs { f] of]u;\Vofsf] . > aofgAa]cf} F aofgAa]of} F lj) aofgAa] ;\Vof
sf qmddf cfpg] gAa] bO{sf] of]u ePsf] ;\Vofdf kg]{ . aof gf) xfjf . aofln; gf) [;+)
lrTjfl+zt\] != rfnL; bOs { f] of]uaf6 xg] ;\Vof PsrfnL;kl5 cfpg] ;\Vof $@sf] c\
@= rfnL; bO{sf of]u;\Vofsf] . > aofln;f}F lj) aofnL; ;\Vofsf qmddf cfpg] jf ;f] ;\
Vofsf qmddf x]sf] . aofnaofnf] lj) [jo\ cfncfnf]] != w]} af;L eP :jfb lau|]sf] . @=
dNrf] efj xfPsf] ;8]sf] . gf) #= xfjfsf] nx . aofl;cf} F aofl;of} F lj) [aof;L cf} F
] F u0fgfsf qmdn] aof;L ;\Vofdf kg]{ aof;L ;\Vofsf qmddf x]sf] . aof;L gf) [;+) zLlt
= c;L bO{sf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vof Psf;Lkl5 cfpg] ;\Vof . lj) @= c;L bO{sf] of]uaf
6 ag]sf] ;\Vofsf] rfaL; bO{sf] of]uaf6 ag]sf] ;\Vofsf] . > aof;Lcf} F aof;Lof} F l
x]) aofl;cf}F . ao]lng c) lqm) [ao]nL g] != ao]nL v]Ng] xg . @= aolng . > ao]N
ofO gf) ao]lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ao]NofOg s) lqm) ao]lng] kflg . ao]Nofpg k|])
lqm) ao]lng] kfg{ . ao]nL gf) [aon O{] != wfg, uxF cflbsf] xlof] snsnfpFbf] afnLdf
xfjf nfUbf t\lut xg] nx aonL . @= zLtnbfoL l;l;] xfjf :jR5 xfjf jof/ . a\g ;)
j0f g] sGofn] j f]Hg :jo+j ug{ j0f ug{ f]Hg . a gf) [;+) j] xfFufaf6 nxf
nxf eO{Fdf ufl8P hfsf kdf kl0ft xg], rf}lt afSnf] xfFuf km}ng], kLknsf cfsfsf t
fSnf kft xg,] ftf af6nf kmn kmNg] Ps k|l;4 j[If akLkn j6j[If . asf lj) [kmf) as
yflkt ulPsf]
888

h:tfsf] t:t} x]sf] . @= bx|f] b[9 . #= jt{dfg . as7} lj) af]) [af s7}] ;xfgel" t hgfp
bf k|of]u xg] zAb s7} . (pbf) as7} 1fgLnfO{ s;n] n8fOlbof] ) . avf gf) [;+) jiff{]
ff{ Ct avf{ . avf; lj) [ kmf) avf:t] avf:t vf]h . > avf;L gf) avf; xg] jf ug]{
f:t lj) [kmf) aVjf:t] != gf]sLaf6 vf]l;Psf] sg} sfd jf k];faf6 x6fOPsf] vf];j  f, vf
ulPsf] ulx]sf] sfdaf6 cjlw kuk ] l5 jf PsfPs aLrd} cjsfz lbOPsf] sfdsfhaf6 dSt ulP
f] . gf) @= rlnx]sf] sg} a}7s, Ohnf; cflbsf] lj;h{g . alvnfkm lj) [c) alvnfkm] != lj?
4 k|ltsn . @= pN6f] . avL gf) [;+) jflif{s] != dflg; d]sf jif{ lbgdf ulg] >f4 avL{ .
afa, cfdf, klt cflb dbf{ jif{lbg;Dd kfng ug{kg]{ lgod avL{ . atfj gf) sg} sfdsfsf
;nl;nfdf s;}l;t ulg] eb| jf ceb| Jojxf . aG8f gf) [;+) j08] 3sf] dVo efub]lv aflxkl
l;Psf] 5fgf;lxtsf] cjoj afb{nL sf};L . agL gf) [;+) j0fL] ljjfxdf hGtL cfOku]kl5 a]x
nLsf afan] a]xnfnfO{ zf:qLo ljlwljwfgsf ;fydf ulg] k"hf j0fL . akm gf) [kmf) akm{]
!= Hofb} lr;f] kf] hdfPsf] kfgLsf] 8Nnf] . @= lxpF . #= cl;gf . ~ 3 gf) != akm tof u
] 3 . @= clt lr;f] jf l7xL nfUg] 3 . bfg gf) akm fVg], xfjf gl5g]{ afs; jf efF8f] .
alkmnf] lj) Hofb} lr;f] clt 7G8f akm ePsf] . ~ jfu gf) l;+xbjfsf] Pp6f au}Frf . a
t gf) [(l)) aGbf]a:t] sg} sfd jf Jojxfsf] k|aGw aGbf]a:t OGthfd . aa gf) [c) d") a
= gLbdf jf a];  df af]Ng] sfd a8a8 k|nfk . lqm) lj) @= nuftf cfF;sf l9sf v:g] jf e
mg]{ uL . #= ;;fgf u]8fu]8L cflb rlxP jf em] . > aafO gf) aa ug]{ jf aafpg] lqm
aafOg c) lqm) != aafpg] xf]Og, aa ulg . s) lqm) @= aa ug]{ kflg . aafpg
cj:yfdf jf d:t lgbfPsf a]nfdf af]Ng a8a8fpg . @= kmtkmtfpg e6e6fpg . ;) lqm)
#= yf]kfyf]kf u] cfF; v;fNg . aafx6 gf) aafpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . aaL
!= yf]kfyf]kf u] cfF; rxfpg] uL . @= dl;gf u]8fu8L e{OFdf embf{ zAb cfpg] lsl;d
n] as{g] u] . aa] lj) aafpg]

889

aafba?gL afn\g ;) lqm) [;+) an g] != grflxFbf] jf gfd|f] sfddf k|j[Q ufpg axsfp
;Fufk6f ufO{ sfd g sfh;Fu otfplt 8nfpg . #= s;\utdf nufpg sntdf cNemfpg . > afn
= aflng] (dfG5]) afnf . gf) @= afxg hflt du hfltdf k|rlnt Ps y . afnl; gf) sfd g
g] dfG5] s;\utdf nfu]sf] JolSt . afnf lj) sfd guLsg aflng] s;\utdf nfUg] ljgf sf
g]{ . afnfO gf) afNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . aflng c) lqm) != csf{sf axsfj6df nfUg axls
 . @= a]sfddf otfplt 3Dg cNnflg . #= vfa ;\utdf nfUg s;\utdf km:g . $= lafnf
f kf]yLn] efn] vf]Hb} lxF8\g . s) lqm) %= afnf kflg afNg] sfd ulg . afnL gf) ;;fg
[Qfsf kft xg,] gLnf] jf unfkmL k"mn kmNg], hfdf 7"nf, af\luPsf, rf}8f kx]Fnf sGb
kmNg], hfsf] pkof]u afGtf, afy, ;lgPsf] 7fpF cflbsf lglDt ulg] Ps vfnsf] af]6 .
~ sGb gf) afnL . af;f] gf) dLt]nsf ;fdf jf ;f] cefj xFbf kxf8lt pHofnfsf nflu dl;g
f]O6f jf lbofnf] afNg agfOPsf] cf6 cyjf To;df vf]lkPsf] cu]gL . afx gf) [;+) jfx] a
Fb]n jfx . afxf lj) [afa cfxf] clwofF ;femf aR5L . afxf pdfp gf) [afx pdfj] cf
fqmd0f ug{sf lglDt dVodVo af6fdf x]sf efbf (lbJo)) . alofFt gf) [;+) j ofqf] ljjfxd
]xn  fsf ;fy a]xn  Lsf 3df hfg] cfdlGqt JolStxsf] ;d"x jofqL hGtL . > alofFtL lj)
Ft hfg] hGt hfg] . alof] gf) [;+) jqf] gfDnfsf kftfsf bO{ 5]pdf ufFl;Psf] 8f]L . aln
gf) != nf]suLtsf r0fsf cGtdf aLraLrdf klg kfbk"ssf kdf jf efjnfO{ ljz]if pfNg k|of]u
ulg] zAb . lj) af]) @= s;}sf bMvk|lt ;dj]bgf k|s6 ug]{ zAb . (pbf) s7} aln}, slt
bMv kfO5f} ltdLn] ) . aL! gf) [;+) j6L] != cf}ifwLsf] uf]nL j6L . @= kL7fsf ;;fgf 8N
nf kf] tftf] kfgLsf afkmdf ksfOPsf] vfB j:t akmf}L l6lsof . aL@ gf) afsf] :qLlnk
f]) [;+) jd\] != To;f] eGbf t To;f] eP t xf]Og eg] t}la;]s . @= cyjf jf ob\jf . a?@
[;+) j p] jsf lglDt sGof dfUg hfg] JolSt ndL . a?gL! gf) sfF8fbf af]6df ;okqLsf] h:tf
df k"mNg]

:jefjsf] a8a8] kmtkmt] KofKof sfOxg] . ] f] aafb lj) [kmf)] != sfd gnfUg] ePsf]
|s ljgi6 . @= a]lylt;Fu x]sf] etfeu \ jf nyfln\u ePsf] . > aafbL gf) aafb xgfsf] e
jf l:ylt, ljgfz etfeu \ . aaemfy gf) [(l)) aemfy] cfgf] lhDdfdf ePsf sfuhkq, dfn
, gubLlhG;L cflb ;flasjfnfn] xfnjfnfnfO{ aemfpg] sfd aemfpg] tyf lhDdf nufpg] s
fd km:of}{6 ug]{ sfd . aa]jxf gf) [(l)) a]axf] JolStut jf ;fdflhs kdf k|rlnt sfdsfa
jxf . axL gf) [;+) j[] != kfg;DaGwL sfd ug]{ Ps hflt a} . @= kfgk;n] kfga]kfL . afF
[c) af{s] != ;f]emf l;, 5f]6f] kR5, v}f] j0f{ df]6f] vfnsf] xg] Ps hftsf] d[u zDa
lj) @= x[i6ki6 df]6f]3f6f] xfsf . #= df]6L3f6L afFemL a}nf (ojtL) . afFl7g c)
= afF7h:t} eP df]6fpg . @= pd] ku ] klg ue{ wf0f gug{ afFemL xg a}nf a:g . > a
gf) afFl7g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . afF7fOg s) lqm) afFl7g] kfg{ . afF7fpg k|]) lqm)
] kfg{ . afFt F gf) != x]) alofFt . lj) @= afnf . > afFltg c) lqm) aflng . afFt
alofFtL . af gf) [;+) jfs] != larf] aaf] . lj) af]) @= bof dfofsf] pb\uf;"rs zAb
. (pbf) af tL 6xfnfO{ s;n] x]rfx u5{ ) . afO gf) [ a\ ( cfO)] ag]{ lqmof jf k|l
> ] afOg s) lqm) ag{ nufOg f]hfOg . afpg k|]) lqm) ag{ nufpg sGofff j f]hfp
gf) [a8f Ho" < ;+) jfcfo{] != afh]sf lktf afasf afh] k|lktfdx . @= cfgf rf k:tfdfly
kvf{ . > afHo} gf) afHo" . afgL gf) [ax fgL] gf]srfsn] cfk"meGbf sd pd]sf dflnss
;Daf]wg ug]{ zAb . afa lj) [km)] != sg} j:tsf] nDafOrf}8fO cflb ;dfg ePsf] . @= s;}
nfO{ nufPsf] sg} j:tsf] efu Psgf; x]sf] . #= xf]rf]cUnf], c8\av ] 8\a] cflb geO{
;dtNn ePsf] . lqm) lj) $= lgGt nuftf ;w}Fel . > afaL gf) != ;a}lt plQs} ldNg] ef
t tNotf ;dfgtf . lqm) lj) @= lgGt nuftf . #= k|foM ;do;dodf . afdb gf) [kmf)] vf]
Fbf s;bfff bafOPsf tyf rf]lPsf dfn;fdfg, k|f0fL cflb km]nf kg]{ sfd vfgtnf;Laf6 ePs
] To:tf] j:tsf] bflvnf .

a?gLat{ ;n] k]6df ePsf] kTy unfpF5 elgg] Ps hftsf] kmn To;s} af]6 lrlKnsfg . a?gL@ g
) [t?gL] t?gL zAbsf kl5 ufFl;g] pd] kus ] f] efj hgfpg] zAb (h:t} t?gLa?gL) . a?gf]
gf) [;+) t?0f] t?gf] zAbsf kl5 ufFl;g] pd] ku]sf] efj hgfpg] zAb . (h:t} t?gf]a?g
f]) . a?jf gf) != g]kfnL sfuh agfpg] sfddf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] emf . @= Ps k|sfsf] hLa6
L . a?jfn gf) [c) aLs] != df]6f l; xg] Ps hftsf] n]sfnL e]8f] . @= aLpsf lglDt kfl
nPsf] e]8f] e]8fsf] ;fF9 efn] e]8f] . a]nf] gf) tsfL vfOg], kaeGbf ;fgf] Ps hftsf]
Rr] s]nf] . a}! gf) [ axL] kfgk;n] x]) axL . a}@ gf) [af P]] nf]suLt ufpFbf aln
g] zAb . af] lj) [af cf]] larf] aaf] af . af]a lj) [afa] != ;dfg tNo . lqm)
kgMkgM . #= k|foM . af}gL gf) [j cf}gL] != jsf lglDt sGof dfUg] sfd s]6L vf]Hg] sfd
@= cfFvfsf] k]nf . ~ vf:6f] gf) s]6L dfUg hfg] JolStnfO{ cf]9fOlbg] vf:6f] . as{t g
f) [c) ast] != dflg; jf cGo k|f0fLdf ePsf] zfLls zlSt an tfst ;fdYo{ au{t . @= cflwS
wstf . #= nfe cfo . $= pGglt cEobo . > as{tL lj) as{t ePsf] tfutbf zlStzfnL . as{g
lqm) bfgfbf sg} j:t qmd}n] v:g u]8fu8L kf]lvg bfgfx v;] 5lg . as{gbf; lj) [c)
) cGbfh] != a]sDdf jf sfd gnfUg] eO{ vflh ePsf] avf:t . gf) @= To:tf] vfnsf] ;}lgs
jf l;kfxL . asf{O gf) [ as{ ( cfO)] as{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] asf{Og s) lqm) u]
8fu8L v;flng jf 5lg . asf{pg ;) lqm) != dl;gf bfgf jf u]8fu8L 5g{ 5lnf] kfg{
. @= aLp 5g{ . als{g  c) lqm) != u]8f jf bfgfx vl;g . @= as{g . asL{ gf) [asf]{ O
{] ;fgf] asf]{ . asf] { gf) [;+) js] ;fgf] Ps;f] cf]9\g] jf k5]pfljz]if dh]qf] . asf}
Fnf] gf) [;+) as{ g]) cf}n F f]] e]8f, afv|f cflbsf] sfnf] uf]nLh:tf] lai6f . > asf}
FNofO gf) asf}N F ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . asf}FNofOg s) lqm) asf}FNofpg] sfd ulg
. asf}FNofpg ;) lqm) e]8f, afv|f cflbn] asf}Fnf xUg .
890

av{ gf) [;+) jif{] != ;fn pd] . @= jif{ . ~ lbg gf) k"f afx| dlxgf . ~ lbgsf] rf8 gf)
!= afx| dlxgfdf Psrf]l6 cfpg] rf8 7"nf] rf8 . @= b;}Fltxf . avf{ gf) [;+) jiff{] !=
udL{ ofdsf 5 dlxgfsf] ;do jiff{ . @= Ps jiff{Ct ePsf] jiff{rqm . > avf{g gf) d?e"
lddf jfon] ykf]sf] cw{rGb|fsfsf] afnjfsf] l9:sf] jfr{g . > avf{;g gf) [;+) jiff{z
g] != afx| dlxgfsf] l;wf cyjf dfgrfdn . @= tLy{jf;L vf; uL sfzLjf; ug]{xnfO{ g]kfn
sf] fhsf]zaf6 lbOg] jflif{s eQf . avf{;avf{:t lj) [ avf:t] vflh avf:t . > avf{;L g
; xg] sfd jf l:ylt avf;L . alv{g c) lqm) [av{ O g] != avf{elsf lglDt kv{g jf cl8g
@= jif{ latfpg . alv{nfk lj) [kmf) a c) lvnfkm] k|ltsn lj?4 . avL{ gf) [ avL] != a
jif{ av{ (pbf) axfL avL{sf] 5f]f] 5f]8] dfOt uPsL bO{ aif{;Dd cfOg) . av] { lj) [a
vf{ P] avf{df xg] jf pAhg] avf{;DaGwL jiff{sfnLg . ~ s6]f] gf) 5 dlxgf avf{ jf kfgL k
?Gh]nsf lglDt a:g, cf]t nfUg agfOPsf] s6]f] . ~ uf]7 gf) avf{ofdsf lglDt a:tefp c
flb fVg agfOPsf] uf]7 . ~ lhp gf) ;fwf0ftM avf{ofddf f]u nfUg] zL/ . ~ gbL gf) avf{df
jf kfgL kg]{ a]nf dfq kfgL aUg] vf]nf] vx] . ~ gx gf) avf{ofddf rfn" xg] uL v]tLsdfO
sf nflu kfgL k6fpg agfOPsf] gx . ~ kmn gf) sfFqmf] (d\l;df gfpF gsf6L sfFqmf] vfg] r
ng xb F f) . ~ afnL gf) avf{ofddf nufOg] jf xg] wfg, ds}, e6df;h:tf afnL . ;f] gf
) xn]bfsf h:t} 7"nf cfsfsf kft xg], 3f]ufdf kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg], ljleGg cfsfsf sGb
kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . ~ ;ff}F gf) 9ssf h:tf f}F xg] Ps hftsf] ;ff}F . aVof{O gf)
lv{ ( ofO)] alv{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aVof{Og s) lqm) alv{g] kflg . aVof{pg
k|) ] lqm) alv{g nfpg alv{g] kfg{ . aVof}{nL lj) [avf{ of}nL] av}{lkR5] a;]{lg ;fna;
fnL . au{t gf)x]) as{t . au{Nofpg c) lqm) cNdNofpg . arf]6 { [lx) a/rf]b] gf) u
fnLdf k|of]u ulg] zAb aRrf]6 aRof]6 . a5f{ gf) [;+) j|Zrg] 3f]Kg], f]Kg] sfddf k|of]u
xg] Ps lsl;dsf] xltof efnf . > a5L{ gf) ;fgf] a5f{ a5f{ . ah" { gf) [;+) jo{] afxg
afxgLnfO{ cfb uL ;Daf]wg ubf{ zAbsf ;fy hf]lP cfpg] zAb (h:t} afxgah"{ axgLah"{) .
at{ gf) [;+) j|t] j|t pkjf; . (pbf) at{ a:g" PsfbzL,

891

at{gan\g adf{;L gf) [ef]) a)] fO{ hfltn] dfGg] snb]jtf . adL{ad{n ] L lj) [adf{ O{
adf{ b]zsf] adf{l;t ;Da4 . gf) @= adf{sf] lgjf;L . #= adf{sf] efiff . $= jdf{af6
kms]{ cfPsf g]kfnL . ~ 6f]n adf{af6 kms]{ cfPsf g]kfnLx a;]sf] a:tL . a{ + lqm) lj)
c) d") a\ ] u]8fu8L jf kfgLsf yf]kf Ps} v]k w]} v:tf cfjfh cfpg] uL . af{ gf) df?gL
df ufOg] Ps yL uLt . ~ 6Kkf gf) af{ . af] { gf) [;+) ljeLt] != 7"n7"nf kft xg], d~hL
f kdf dl;gf xlof k"mn kmNg], kx]n F f uf]n kmn kmNg] Ps j[If jf To;s} kmn . @= lq
kmnfsf tLg kmndWo] Ps kmn . aNof{s lqm) lj) [c) d") aNof{s\ c] pk|mg], cf]n{g] cflb
{ ] jf rfn;Fu . ~ an{s lqm) lj) w]} hgf Ps} rf]l6 cf]ng pk|mg] uL . aNof{\uaNof{\
) lj) [c) d") aNof{ \ u] Ps} rf]l6 n8\g] jf k5flg] uL . a;{ gf) [;+) jif{] jif{ av{
{g c) lqm) [;+) jiff{ g] != j[li6 xg kfgL kg{ . @= bfgfx v:g emg{ as{g . #= k
6\g . > a;f{O gf) a;{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . a;f{Og s) lqm) j[li6 ufOg . a;f{pg k
|) ] lqm) a;{g] kfg{ j[li6 ufpg emfg{ . al;{g  c) lqm) j[li6 xf]Og kfgL klg . a
f{ta;f{b gf) [;+) jiff{tlt] != kfgL w]} klxg] ;do aiff{sfn c;f ;fpg dlxgf . @= j[
{ . > a;f{bL gf) != kfgLaf6 hf]lug sf]6h:t} nufOg], leq kfgL gl5g],{ nfdf] vsnf]
j:q . lj) @= jiff{ Ctdf xg] jf ePsf] a;f{tsf] . a;L{ gf) [a;f{ O{] Ps jif{sf] ;do a
v{lbg . sf] vfhf gf) cr]n rng xfpFb} uPsf], lax] ePsf] av{lbgleq k|foM b;f}F dlxgf
df a]xnfn] a]xnLkIfnfO{ nUg] c;f{, f]6L cflbsf] sf];]nLkft . sf] lk08 gf) klxnf]
jflif{s >f4 avL{ kmsfpg] sfd (h:t} a;L{sf] lk08 rnfpg) . sf] afnv gf) Ps a;]{ lz
z . a;]l{ g lqm) lj) [jif{ Plg] jif{ glafO{sg x]s jif{ jif}l{ kR5] . a;f}{6L gf) jif
{ lbgdf lng] jf lbg] ulcfPsf] sd jif{aGbL . a;f}{6] lj) jif}{lkR5] laofpg] ufO{a:t
. a:of{lg lqm) lj) [a;{ oflg] x]) a;]{lg . > a:of{g] lj) x]s jif{ xg] (k|foM 5f]f5f]
hGdaf]) . a:of}{nf] gf) [jif{ of}nf]] jiff{sfndf xg] hldgdlg xg] hsfh:tf] sLf]ljz]i
f uF8f}nf] . an\g c) lqm) [;+) Hjn\ g] != cfuf], aQL cflbaf6

tLy{ ug"{ sfzL . pvfg) . at{g gf) [;+) jt{g] vfg], ksfpg] cflb sfddf k|of]u ulg] w
ft, df6f] cflbsf] efF8f] kfq . at{g c) lqm) [;+) j[t \ g] != hLjglgjf{x ug{ afFRg
 . @= xg afFl8g (ljz]if uL k|;fb) . at{dg gf) [;+) j|taGw] j|taGw pkgog . atf{ lj)
[ a9\tf] dfqfeGbf w] a9\tf a];L . atf{O gf) [ at{ ( cfO)] != at{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
tf{p cfO] @= atf{pg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] atf{Og s) lqm) atf{pg] sfd ulg . atf
{pg ;) lqm) != xg lbg . @= afF8\g (k|;fb cflb) . atf{n lj) [at{ cfn] at{ a;]sf]
jf at{ lng] j|tL . ab{ gf) x]) abf{ . uGbL gf) tfO{tkm{ xnuf]?sf cfwfdf lgwf{0f ul
ufs . abf{ gf) [;+) anLjb{] != uf]? . @= uf]? wkfpFbf eGg] af]nL (h:tf] xf] abf{, xf
] ) . alb{of gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] ;b " klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ e]L c~rnsf] tfO{ e
udf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . abL{ gf) [ abL] cf}krfls kdf clws[t sd{rfLxn] nufpg] ljz]if k|
lgwf{lt kf];fs pbL{ kf];fs . abn { gf) [;+) jtn { ] sf7 cflb Kjfn kfg]{ Hofjn adf
{ emL . aw{Gg] gf) [;+) j4{g] bL3{ psfsf] lrXg ( ) " o:tf] dfqfk . ag{ gf) [;+) j0f{
vsf] \uk j0f{ . > agL{ lj) ag{ ePsL . ag] { lj) ag{ ePsf] . (agL{, ag]{ k|foM ufO{,
f]?df dfq ;Lldt, h:tf] nfnagL{ ufO{, nfnag]{ uf]?) . ag{6 gf) [c\)] df]6 uf8Lsf] OlG
hgsf] 9sgL . agf{pg ;) lqm) [;+) j0f{ cfp g] != wfdLn] b]jtfsf] j0f{g ug{ jf b]jtf
aemfpg . c) lqm) @= ufO{a:tsf] ;fxf hfg vf]Hg r6flg . #= o:tf] 5 egL k|Voft
xg sxnfpg . akm{ gf) [kmf)] akm . > alkm{nf] lj) akm}akmn] 9flsPsf] lxpFn] elPsf
kmL{ gf) [kmf) akm{] vjf 3f]6 ] lrgL cflb ldnfO{ ksfPkl5 yfndf hdfP 6qmf6qmf kfL
sf6] lemlsg] ld7fO{ljz]if . aa{ lj) [;+)] ;Eotf, ;+:sf s]xL gePsf] c;Eo h\unL . tf
a{ xg] efj jf 9fFrf c;Eotf h\unLkgf . adf{! gf) [kmf) adf{] 8f]/Ln] 3dfP sf7df Kjfn
kfg]{, kmnfdsf] rRr] xltof . adf{@ gf) [;+) a|Xdb]z] eft a\unfb]zsf] blIf0f k"j{df
sf] Ps b]z Dofgdf . adf{G8 gf) [;+) a|Xdf08] a|Xdf08 . (pbf) olt sf ;Gb}df ltd|f] ad
f{G8 hNof] xf]Og <) . > adf{G8] gf) bxg  ] a]nfdf x}fg kfg]{ ufO{ .

analnp8 k|sfz lg:sg] xg ;Nsg bGsg . @= hNbf]aNbf] xg k|tfkL aGg efUo rDsg . a
n! gf) [;+)] != zLdf ;l~rt xg] zlSt tfut . @= cnfO{ ulg] ey]u jf cf8ef]; ;xof]u
;]gf kmf}h . $= anfd . an@ gf) [;+) aln] cf};fgL aln . an# gf) [c\)] xft jf vfn] lx
P v]lng], a8 cflbn] ag]sf] 5fnfn] df]xf]lPsf] j:t esG8f] elnan km6an . anans!
]Tg], lrq n]Vg] cflb sfddf pkof]u ulg] jf w"nf] . @= ;grfFbLsf uxgf, efF8f cflbdf
3f]6] 6ns lgsfNg] Ps k|sfsf] kTy klns . ans@ gf) [c) d") ans\ c] aNsfOsf] tf]8 jf v]k
. ~ ans lqm) lj) != 3fpvl6fx kLk elgfn] 6Gsg] uL 6gs6gs . @= r~rn jf pQ]lht xg] lsl;
n] . anSs lqm) lj) a];L 6Gsg] uL (6fpsf]) tf]8 jf j]ul;t . anhkmt gf) [an hkmt] sg} s
df ul/g] anldrfO ha/h:tL anfTsf/ . > anhkmtL gf) anhkmt hah:tL . antn lqm) lj) [(l))
] ank"j{s jf an u] dl:sn;Fu aNntNn . anb]j gf) [;+)] anfd aneb| . an k|of]u gf) [;
;}sf] OR5flj?4 sg} sfo{ ug{nfO{ ulg] zlStsf] k|of]u an nufpg] jf cglrt bafj lbg] s
fd . an as{t gf) [an as{t] sfd ug{, lxF8g \ cflb ;Sg] an tfut . anan lqm) lj) [c) d"
) an\ c (l))] != pQfpnf] xg] uL pR5[\vn xg] rfnn] . gf) @= rnan]kg asas . > ananfO
f) ananfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ananfOg anan xf]Og r~rn algg . ananfpg c) lqm) !
= pQfpnf] xg r~rn xg . @= grflxFbf] a9L sf ug{ asas ug{ . ananfx6 gf) ananfpg]
sfd jf lsl;d . analng c) lqm) anan ug{ ananfpg . anan] lj) != anan ug] { pQfpnf
] :jefjsf] rnan] . @= asas ug]{ . anaNofO gf) analng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . anaNof
x6 gf) analng] l:ylt jf rfn anaNofO . anafx gf) [an afx] k|l;4 lzNkL clg{sf]sf] csf
]{ gfpF (rLg, d\uf]lnofltsf dflg;xn] g]kfnjf;Lsf] cy{df kf]Njf]s eg]sf]nfO{ ;+:s[t k
O{ agfOPsf] jf lrlgofF efiffsf cg;f aNa (kfNjf) x (dfG5])sf] ;+of]u ePsf] g]kfnL
gfd) . aneb| gf) [;+)] s[i0fsf bfh anfd .
892

anldrfOFanldrfO gf) [an ldrfOFldrfO] cglwsf kdf jf hah:tL csf{sf]{ xs ldRg] sfd hah
mtL . anfd gf) [;+)] dxfeftsfnsf Ps k|l;4 JolSt s[i0fsf bfh aneb| . an]vf gf) [;+)]
Dassf] jlkl xg] cb[Zo rDasLo ]vfxsf] ;d"x . anjfg\anzfnL lj) [;+)] an ePsf] zlStzf
of] . anf! gf) [;+)] != n8fOFsf] a]nfdf ef]sltvf{ x6fpg] elgPsf] Ps ljBf . @= an
emf . anf@ gf) cfklQ . anfO! gf) [c) an] cfklQ bMv si6 anf . (pbf) x6fOlbG5 cjZo
nfO . n]vgfy) . anfO@ gf) [ an\afn\ ( cfO)] aNg] jf afNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] an
fOg s) lqm) aNg] kfg{ afNg nfOg . anfpg k|) ] lqm) aNg] kfg{ afNg nfpg . anfsf
gf) [;+)] != asNnfsf] k\lSt asNnf] . @= kf]yL asNnf] . #= sfds :qL . anf3ft gf) [;+)
sg} Wjlg jf :jsf] pRrf0fdf kg]{ ljz]if an jf ;f] pRrlt xFbf lbOg] a9L emf]Ssf . (h
:t} cgGt  gdf anf3ft, u5{  udf anf3ft, x]Ssf  bj}df anf3ft O)) . anf9 lj) [;+)
L anjfg\ . anft\ lqm) lj) [;+)] ank"j{s hah{:tL;Fu . > anfTsf gf) != hah{:tL ug]{ sfd
cGofo cTofrf . @= sg} :qLnfO{ p;sf] OR5flj?4 hah{:tL;Fu ;Def]u ug]{ sfd ank"js { ;tL
Tj gi6 kfg]{ sfd . anfTs[t lj) anfTsf ulPsf] . anft\ux | 0f gf) sg} klg u}sfggL 9\u
s;}ff xg] jf lnOg] ?lkofFsf] k|flKt . anflws[tanfWoIf gf) [;+)] ;a} clws[txdf dVo
|dv  ;]gfklt (rLkm ckm lb hgn :6fkm) . anfan gf) [;+)] != bO{ kIfsf] tngfTds ;a
ntf lga{ntf . @= bO{ kIfdf xg] ansf] k|lt:kwf{ lvrftfgL . aln gf) [;+)] != b]jb]
jtfnfO{ clk{g] ef]Uo j:t g}jB ] . @= b]jtfnfO{ ef]u lbOg] kzkG5L . #= ef]hg ug
{eGbf klxn] b]jlkt[sf p2]Zon] r9fOg] cGg cf};fgL . $= k"hf, xf]d cflbdf If]qkfnnf
O{ r9fOg] cGg . %= k~rdxfo1dWo] Ps e"to1 . ^= e"lds dfnkf]t . &= k]6sf] nb F fsf a
Lrsf] ]vf . *= kf0fk|l;4 bfgL b}To fhf . bfg gf) != b]jb]jtfsf gfddf ulg] kzkG5Lsf
jw kzaln lbg] sfd . @= nf]slxt jf fi6lxtsf lglDt ulg] pT;u{ Tofu . j]bL gf) alnbf
g]{ 7fpF . alnp8 gf) xlnp8sf] cgs0f u] lkmNdguL aDaO{

893

alnaGt]aNnf] aG8f . @= rnlrq, gfr3 cflbdf eO{Ftnf b]lvg] uL dfl:tkl x]sf] aG8fh:tf
. aN5L gf) [;+) al8z] aflxkl df5fsf lglDt vfB kbfy{ a]] wfuf]df emG8fO{ df5f cNemfp
] c\s;] aN;L . aN5] lj) [aN5L P] aN5Lh:tf] c\s;] k]sf] . ~ sfF8f] gf) dfl:t kms]{s
fF8f xg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . aNemg c) lqm) [aN5L g] != aN5Ldf kg{ hfndf cNemg . @= c
fOkg{ hWg . #= ue{ xg . $= hjfdf RofFv]sf] bfp nfUg . > aNemg gf) != aNemg] s
fd . @= l;Q}Fsf] b08 . #= bfp xfGg]n] ltgk { g]{ wg . aNemfO gf) aNemg] jf aNemf
pg] lqmofk|lqmof . aNemfOg s) lqm) kf;f]df cNemfOg aN5Ldf kflg . aNemfpg k|]) lq
m) != kf;f], hfn, aN5L cflbdf kfg{ . @= cNemfpg c8\sfpg . #= RofFv]df yfk]sf k
};fn] csf k};f lhTg . alNemg c) lqm) aNemg cNemg . aNemf] gf) aNemg] sfd jf sf] .
aNofO gf) alNemg] sfd jf lsl;d . aN6 gf) [c\) af]N6] sf7, kmnfd cflb hf]8\gsf lglDt
tndfly bj}lt sl;g] Ps lsl;dsf] k]rbf 7"nf] sLnf] . aN8f gf) [c) d") aNof\ c] != kN
g] sfd kN6gafhL . @= c;kmntf jf . aN8f\u|] lj) [aN8f\u|f] P] aflxkl cln a9L cfFvf
nf7"nf cfFvf ePsf] cfFVn] . aN8f\u|f] gf) [c) d") aN8f\ u|f] ] != nxfdf kmNg], 7"n7
f xg] l;dLsf 9fFrfsf] kmnljz]if . @= uf9f KofhL \sf k"mn kmNg] nfdfnfdf sf];f kmN
g], Ps hftsf] nxf] jf To;s} sf];fdf kmNg] bfgf . #= 7"n7"nf jf yf]} aflxkl lg:s]sf c
fFvf . aN8f\ lqm) lj) [c) d") aN8f\ ] aN8f vfg] rfnn] kN6f vfP n8\g] uL . aNa
f]uaf6 lahnLsf] k|sfz 5g{ agfOPsf], leqkl h]lnPsf dl;gf tf ePsf] xfjfaGb sfFrsf]
;fwg lrd unk  . aNofO gf) [ aNofp ( cfO)] aNofpg] sfd jf lsl;d . > aNofOg s) lqm) a
ofpg] sfd ulg . aNofpg ;) lqm) [afnL cfp g] wfg, sf]bf] cflb cGgsf afnf aLpsf lglDt
5fg] sf6\g . aNn lqm) lj) [;+) anft\] != ank"js { jf dl:sn;Fu sg} lsl;dn] . @= w]}
;dokl5 w]} sfndf . tNn lqm) lj) a8f] dl:sn;Fu sl7gl;t aNnaNn . aNnf gf) [aNnf] cf
?uf8fsf] Ps cjoj . aNnfaNnL gf) h\undf v s6fgL eP 7]sbfn] p7fPkl5 afFsL ePsf gfkf]eGb
f ;fgf;fgf d9f jf 7]psf . aNnf] gf) [;+) jb{] uf]? ax .

nfO{ hgfpg] zAb . alnaGt] lj) [jnjGt P] != anjGt alnof] . gf) @= ls+jbGtLcg;f Ps k|l
;4 bfgL rf] . alnGb| lj) [an]gL] != kfgL kbf{ an]gLaf6 rxs ] f] kfgLsf] wffh:tf] .
@= aa rxg] (cfF;)  . ~ wff gf) aa v;]sf] kfgL, cfF; cflbsf] wff . alnkz gf) [
b]jtfnfO{ r9fOg] p2]Zon] 5f]l8g] jf sfl6g] kz ef]u lbOg] j:t . alnkfWo] gf) cfuf
]sf] fkaf6 lklN;P dg]{ k|Voft }tL pTkL8s . aln k|yf gf) [;+)] snfog jf b]jb]jtfnfO{ a
ln lbg] rng b]jb]jtfsf gfddf kzjw ulg] kDkf . alnof] gf) [;+) anLo] != w]} an ePsf]
StzfnL alni7 . @= xtktL glau|g] w]} vKg] dhat bx|f] . #= wghg cflbn] ;DkGg . :qL) al
noL . ~ af\uf] lj) xfGgdfg{ ;Sg] xfsf hf]wfxf . :qL) alnoLaf\uL . aln j}Zjb]j gf)
|fXd0fn] lgTo ugk { g]{ k~rdxfo1 rnf], l9sL, hfFtf], l;nf}6f], nf]xf]f] srf]ff c1f
df xg hfg] xTofdf nfUg] kfksf] k|folZrQsf lglDt ulg] o1 e"to1 . alni7 lj) [;+)] ;a
}eGbf alnof] clt alnof] . anL lj) [;+)] != alnof] . gf) @= 5fnfsf] nb F f]nfO{ 5fp
g] ]vf rfpL . #= aln . an! gf) [;+) an)] kfgLdf xg] f}Fh:tf] dl;g nfdf], a]lx|P
:tsf] kR5 sfl6lbg] Ps hftsf] sLf] . an@ gf) [;+) anf] afSnf af6nf vfnsf kft, kx
]Fnf k"mn xlof ;fgf;fgf kmn xg] emfljz]if anf . an]; F L gf) [;+) anLs] != 5fgfsf]
lsgfaf6 v;]sf] kfgL an]gL . @= an]gL tlKsg] 7fpF k]6Ldlgsf] hUuf . an]vf | ] gf) [al
n afv|f] ] != tGg]L gxGh]nsf] e]8f] jf kf7f] . @= glaofPsf] afv|L sdfkf7L . #= aln lb
Og] kz alnkz . an]gL gf)x]) an]F;L . anf] gf) [;+) aneL] 5fgfsf] bfFtLdfly aLrdf
wLdf xg] nfdf] sf7 d;L jf 8fF8f c8fpg] t];f]{ sf7 (kfgLanf], sdanf] wLanf]) . an
] lj) [anf}6f] P] afnjf w]} ePsf] (df6f], hldg cflb) . anf}6]gL lj) [anf}6f] PgL] w]/
}h;f] afnjf ePsf] anf}6] . anf}6f] gf) [afnjf cf}6f]] afnjf . aNsg c) lqm) [ans\ g
3fpvl6f kLkn] elP ansans uL 6Gsg . > aNsfO gf) aNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . alNsg c) l
m) 3fpvl6f kLkn] elP ansans uL 6lGsg . aNsf]gL gf) [c\)] != 3sf] ufx|f]eGbf aflxkl
7fpF
(dDaO{)

aN;Laxsg aN;L gf) [;+) alnz] x]) aN5L . aj gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifsf ltly, jf, of]u, gIfq
s0foL k~rf\udWo] Ps e]b jf To;sf] klxnf] s0f . ajfn gf)x]) aafn . ajfl; gf) [c)]
{ c;{ f]u . ajn gf)x]) aan . a;\g c) lqm) [;+) j;\ g] != sg} cf;g jf hldgdf lgtDa
P 7xg{ rfs 6]sfpg . @= a;f]af; ug{ jf; ug{ . #= qmd jf l;nl;nf ldNg . $= lgodd
f xg lylt ldNg . a;! lj) af]) [kmf)] != eof], kUof] 7Ls 5 cflb aemfpFbf k|of]u x
g] zAb . (pbf) a;, vfg]sf yKgkb}{g, dnfO{ kUof] . a;, ToxLF c8 x} ) . lj) @= ek"
i6 . #= kof{Kt oy]i6 dgUo . a;@ gf) [c\)] 5fgf], ofn, 9f]sf a:g] l;6 ePsf] ofqLx cf
g]{ 7"nf] df]6 . a;# c)lqm) a:g lqmofsf] cfb]zfyL{ k (ltdL af; a;) . a; p7 gf) [a;\ p
7\] != ;fy;fy} a:g] p7\g] sfd ;fysf] xg;xg a;fp7L . @= cfjthfjt, af]nrfn, lxdlrd O)
. #= Jofofdsf lglDt jf ;hfo kfpFbf nuftf a:g]p7\g] sfd . a;GtL gf) [;+) j;GtL] !=
h"xLsf h:tf kft tyf sGbsf h:tf nfdf sfF8f xg], ;]tf k"mn kmNg] c08fsf sfnf kmn k
mNg] Ps hftsf] ntf jf To;}sf] k"mn jf;GtL . lj) @= kfs]sf sfutLsf] af]qmfh:tf] sf] k
x]Fnf] vfnsf] . a;Gt] lj) [;+) j;Gt P] j;Gt Ctdf xg,] kfSg] jf kfOg] . ~ sfF8f] gf
) kx]Fnf ;fgf;fgf kft sfF8}sfF8f xg] nxlP hfg] Ps a6f] . ~ ux F gf) Ps k|sfsf] ux
F . a; la;f}gL gf) [a; la;f}gL] a; c8fpg] 7fpF (a;kfs{) . a; ;]jf gf) [a; ;]jf] a;ff
g; cf];fk;f ug]{ sfd jf Joj:yf . a;fOF gf) [a;\ cfOF] cfk"m a;]sf] ufpF7fpF jf b]z 5f
8L csf]{ ufpF7fpF jf b]zdf uP ulg] a;f]af; . a;fO gf) [ a;\ ( cfO)] != a:g] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . [a;fp cfO] @= a;fpg] jf a:g nfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . #= a;fpg] jf ugfpg] lqmo
fk|lqmof . [ > ] a;fOg c) lqm) a:g nfOg . a;fp7L gf) [a;\ p7] ;fy}df a;p7 ug]{ sfd
;fy;fysf] xg;xg a;p7 . a;fpg! k|) ] lqm) [a;\ cfp g] != a:g nfpg a;f]af; ufpg a;f
@= lylt jf lgod ldnfpg . a;fpg@ c) lqm) [jf; cfp g] dL7f] jf gdL7f] af:gf cfpg .
894

a;fxf gf) [k|f) a;x < ;+) jT;] != dxfb]jsf] jfxg ;fF9] . @= dxfb]jsf] dlGb jf b]jnc
ufl8 flvg] ;fF9]sf] 9nf}6] jf 9u \ ] d"lt{ . al;g c) lqm) [a;\ O g] a:g] sfd xf]Og
. al;a;fOal;a;fp gf) [a;\ a;fOa;fp] ;la:tf;fy a:g] sfd cfgGb;Fu xg] sfd . al;laofFnf]
f) [a;\ laofFnf]] km;{bdf a;] ;do sf6\g ug]{ ;fgf]ltgf] sfd ;dos6gL . al;nf gf) [;+)
jfl;] sf7 tf5\g,] dv sf]bfnf]h:tf] laF8 s6fsf] h:tf] ePsf] xltof . al;b]pal;Bf} lj
) [;+) jf;b]j] != a;] dfq vfg kNs]sf] (JolSt) . @= a;] gc3fpg] . a; gf) [;+)] jf:t
 jf d"lt{df k|of]u xg] c\un  sf] jf dfqfsf] cf7 ugfafasf] gfk t0fL, nf]s d"lt{a
asf] gfk cf7 cdnafasf] gfk cf7 c\un . a;]f gf) [af; Pf] != af; lgjf; 3 . @= c:
gf) [;+) j;g] a;fOF . (pbf) sDnf] af]sL a;}, F k]jf sf6L b;}F . pvfg) . a;f]af;a;f
]af;f] gf) [jf; cfjf;] != xg]a:g] 7fpF lgjf;:yfg . @= w]}h;f] ;do hfg]a:g] sfd f;f]af
. a;f}FwL gf) [lx)] afSnf] b"w jf tdf lrgL, ;sd]n cflb xfnL agfOg] n]lbnf] ;uGwL
vfB kbfy{ . a:t gf) [;+) j:q] j:q nuf (sYo k|of]u) . a:tf gf) [kmf) a:t] k:ts, ax
Lvftf, afs; cflb afFWg] jf a]g]{ sk8f . a:tL gf) [;+) j;lt] != 3x ePsf] jf dflg; a:
g] 7fpF cfjfbL . @= ufpF jf;:yfg . jfnjfnf gf) a:tLdf a:g] dflg; ufpFn] . a:t gf)
) j:t] b"w df; jf dnsf lglDt kflng] ufO{e}F;L cflb 3]n kz j:t . efp gf) ufO{e;
F} L cflbsf] ;d"x ufO{a:t . a:gf}6f]a:Gof}6f] gf) [a;\ cf}6f]of}6f]] != ljjfxdf bnf
xfnfO{ a;fpg] rs6L cflb cf;g . @= ljjfxdf bdfO{FnfO{ lbg] sk8f cflb b:tL . #= kf
tnf] nDk6 jf rs6L . a:o gf) [;+) cjZo] cjZo, lgZro kSsf (lbJo)) . ax gf) [k|f)] !=
k]6 bv] dvdf kfgL cfOxg] f]uljz]if leq bVg] Ps k|sfsf] z"n . @= cfGtls j]bgf dgsf
L . axg c) lqm) [;+) jx g] != kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ ulxf]lt hfg aUg . @= xfjf rNg
 c) lqm) [;+) jx g] csf] kmsfOdf jf nx}nx}df nfUg sfd g sfhl;t nv{lg aflng axls
> axsfO

895

axQalxe"{t axfgf gf) [kmf)] sg} sfdsfsf] b]vf}jf lqmofsnfk jf sf0f agfj6L k|of]hg
axf gf) [kmf)] != dgf]ljgf]b cfdf]bk|df]b fdldtf . @= d0fLotf zf]ef . #= pGdfbs ;do
Ct . axfn! gf) [;+) ljxf] af}4dfuL{sf] d7 jf dlGb ljxf . axfn@ gf) [kmf)] != klxn]h:
} cfgf] kb jf :yfgdf xg] sfd sfod ydf}tL . @= gofF 7fpF, 3hUuf, kb cflb ;FefNg] jf lt
gdf klxnf]kN6 k|jz ] ug]{ sfd . #= 3, sf]7f, k;n cflb pkof]u u]afkt 3wgLnfO{ aemfp
g] zNs ef8f lsfof . luL lj) axfn jf ef8fdf lnglbg u]sf] afnluL . jfnf lj) c
yfgdf axfn x]sf] . ~ labf}L gf) cfgf] 3, k;n cflb cnfO{ rng ug{ lbPafkt 3wgLn] lng]
s ef8f jf lsfof . > axflnof lj) axfndf x]sf] axfnjfnf . axfnL gf) [axfn O{] axfn ug]{
d gofF kb, cf]xbf, clwsf cflb ;FefNg] sfd . ~ khL{ gf) gofF kb, cf]xbf, xs cflb ;F
efNg lbOg] clwsfkq axfnL ug{ lbOg] lnlvt lgolSt jf k|df0fsf] sfut lgolStkq . alxM
lqm) lj) [;+)] aflx . alxgL gf) [;+) elugL] != cfg} cfdfsf] ue{af6 cfk"meGbf kl5 hG
d]sL :qL a}gL . @= cfk"meGbf sd pd]sL h]7fafa, sfG5fafa, 7"nL cfdf, ;fgL cfdf, d
fdf, kmk" u?sL 5f]L . #= ;fnfsL kTgL . $= cfk"meGbf sd pd]sL :qL hfltnfO{ ;Daf]wg
ug]{ :g]x;"rs zAb . ~ hjfOF gf) alxgLsf] klt a}gLHjfOF . alx\u gf) [;+)] != zL, kb
, If]q cflbsf] aflxkl x]sf] efu aflxL c\u . lj) @= aflx x]sf] aflxsf] aflxlof .
tfndf aflx x]sf lafdL hfFr] pkrf ulg] sIf jf ljefu . ~ f]uL gf) c:ktfndf jf :jf:Yor
f kLIf0f dfq ulg] f]uLsf] ;d"x c:ktfnsf] zofdf egf{ geO{ aflx}af6 pkrf ufpg] f]uL
o gf) [;+)] ljifoxsf] cgej ug]{ gfs, sfg, cfFvf, lhe|f] 5fnf oL kfFr aflxL OlGb|o .
alxf] lj) [;+) alw] sfg g;Gg] alw a}xf| ] . :qL) alxL . alxu{t lj) [;+)] != 3 jf
odf gePsf] . @= kbf9 jf kbf;Lg gePsf] . #= :ki6 jf ;a}n] yfxf kfpg] uL k|sflzt ePs
f] . alxh{ut\ gf) [;+)] cfFvfn] b]lvg] ;+;f afXo hut\ ef}lts hut\ . alxb]z { gf) [;+
)] != ;x jf ufpFb]lv aflx x]sf] 7fpF . @= kb]z ljb]z . alxe"t { lj) [;+)] != aflxL
f] nfu]sf] aflx ePsf] .

gf) axsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . axsfOg s) lqm) aflng . axsfp gf) aflng], kmlsg] jf nx
}nx}df nfUg] sfd axSofO . axsfpg ;) lqm) != cnfO{ grflxFbf] sfd sfdf nfUg xf}:ofpg
t af6fdf nUg . @= gldNbf sfdsfnfO{ klg 7Ls xf] eGg] ljZjf; kfg{ km:Nofpg kmsfpg
. #= s;}nfO{ ljb]zlt nUg . axsfj6 gf) axsfpdf nfUg] sfd jf cj:yf axsfp . axlsg c)
lqm) != rflxFbf] sfd 5f]8] csf] sfdf nfUg csf{sf] nx}nx}df lxF8\g aflng . @= af6
lafpg . #= kml:ng . $= ljb]l;g . axSofOaxSofx6 gf) axlsg] rfn, l:ylt, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . axQ gf) [k|f) axQl] != ;QL bO{sf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof &@sf] c\s . lj) @
of]u;\Vofsf] . > axQf} F lj) axQ ;\Vofsf] u0fgfsf qmddf ;f] ;\Vofdf kg]{ . axgf gf)
ax] 8\uf lvofpg agfOPsf], sf7sf] bflanf]h:tf] ;fwg ktjf . ax gf) [;+) j[ife] g;d]s
] uf]? g8fd]sf] af5f] . ~ uf]? gf) != g;d]sf] uf]? . @= tx gnfu]sf] t?gf] dflg; .
axnfO gf) [ axnfp ( cfO)] axnfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] axnfOg s) lqm) dg cfglGbt kflg
 . axnfp gf) [ax cfp] dgnfO{ cfgGb lbg] jf bMv la;f{pg] sfd . > axnfpg ;) lqm) !=
dg k|;Gg kfg{ bMv la;f{pg . c) lqm) @= cfglGbt xg k|;Gg xg . ax; gf) [c)] sg
} ljifo jf kIfsf] sf k|dfl0ft ug{sf nflu ulg] ;jfnhjfkm 5nkmn ts{ljts{ k}aL . ~ gf]6
d2fdf ;DalGwt kIfsf jlsnn] cfgf] kIfdf lg0f{o xgkg]{ ljifonfO{ kli6 uL n]v]sf
] lnlvt ax; . axfO! gf) [ ax ( cfO)] != axg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [axfp cfO] @= axfpg] l
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] axfp gf) kfgL cflb tn j:t xf]rf]lt hfg] sfd axg] sfd . axfp
g ;) lqm) k|jflxt ug{ aufpg . axfO@ gf) Pp6f wd{ljz]if . axf8 gf) [ axf] dgf]ljgf]
axf . > axfl8nf] lj) dfOnf] kmfl;nf] . axfb lj) [t)] != cfF6, ;fx; ;ofOFsf sfd
g] jL kfqmdL . @= cfFl6nf] ;fx;L . ~ zfx gf) a8fdxffh k[YjLgffo0f zfxsf sfG5f 5f]f
ztfAbLsf] cGtlt 0faxfb zfxsf fHosfndf dlVtof eO{ g]kfnsf] zf;g ;FefNg] Oltxf;k|l;4
Ps k?if . axfbL gf) [kmf)] axfbsf] kg, ;fdYo{ jf u0f jLtf kfqmd . ~ kbs gf) axf
7"nf] sfd ug]{ ;}lgsnfO{ lbOg] fli6o tSdfljz]if .

alxdv { alxdv { Laxjrg @= aflxkl k]sf] lglSnPsf] . alxd{valxd{vL lj) [;+)] !=

]sf] jf dv kmsf{Psf] . @= aflxL sfsf] dfq ljrf ug]{ j:thut\lt b[li6 lbPsf] . #= cfW
flTds sflt dg gnufpg] . $= afXo ;+;f jf ;fdflhs hLjgsf ultljlwdf k|z:t cle?lr lng] t
yf ;xefuL xg] (JolStTj) . alxnf{lksf gf) [;+)] k|Zgleq} pQ gePsf], aflxaf6 pQ vf]Hg
kg]{ kx]nL -sNn] rnfof] ]nnfO rfF8f] df h;L kb of]hgfleq pQ gePsf] kx]lnsf jf s6_
isf gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ hflt, ju{, ;dfh, ;+:yf cflbaf6 x6fpg] jf aflx lgsfNg] sfd
. @= kf:kls ;DaGwsf] 66fO 5f]8\g] sfd Tofu . jfbL lj) alxisf ug]{ sg} sfo{qmd, ;
df efu glng] . alxis[t lj) [;+)] != alxisf ulPsf] aflx lgsflnPsf] . @= sg} sfo{qmd, ;
f cflbdf efu glnOPsf] . alx;\ gf) of]) [;+)] alxM aflx . axL gf) [c) aofh] != cfoJoo
sf] lx;fa n]Vg] lstfa vftf . @= dxfhgL xlx;fa jf ;sfL cfvfgfsf] cfdbfgLvr{ n]Vg] k:t
s . vftf gf) != axLsf] k:ts . @= b}lgs sff]afsf] C0fwg jf cfDbfgLvr{ b]vfpg] uL n]l
vPsf] n]vfsf] lstfa vftfaxL . bf gf) cfvfgfsf] n]vs sd{rfL gf}l;GbfeGbf Ps txdflysf
d{rfL jf bhf{ xfn fhkq cg\lst rty{ >]0fLsf] kb . ~ kq gf) axL;DaGwL sfutkq . ax lj)
[;+)] bO{eGbf a9L cg]s w]} . ~ p2]ZoLo lj) w]} p2]Zo ePsf] jf ljleGg k|sfsf ;Lk k|fK
ufpg] nIo lnPsf] (of]hgf, ljBfno cflb) . ~ sf]ifLo hLj gf) w]} sf]if ePsf] hLj . ~
rlr{t lj) w]} rrf{ ePsf] clwsf+zn] hfg];g]sf] . 1 lj) != w]} lsl;dsf pkof]uL sf
f] w]} ljifosf] 1ftf . @= sg} Ps ljifosf af]df w]} sf hfGg] ljz]if1 . axt lj) [;+
" ] Hofbf w]} lgs} . axtGq gf) [;+)] sg} fHosf] ;~rfng jf gLltsf cg]s ljrf g]t[Tj
] zf;gk|0ffnL . axtfot gf) [;+)] w]} dfqf clwstf . axTj gf) [;+)] w]} xg]kg jf cj:
f cflwSo . axbn gf) [;+)] PseGbf a9L fhgLlts bn ePsf] fhgLlts Joj:yf . ljk) lgb{n .
jfbL lj) axbndf ljZjf; ug]{ jf axbnnfO{ ?rfpg] . axbnLo lj) axbn;DaGwL axbnsf
] axbndf nfu]sf] . ljk) lgb{nLo . tf gf) axbnLo xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf axbndf xg]
kg . ljk) lgb{nLotf . ~ Joj:yf gf) fhgLlts bnx ePsf] Joj:yf jf zf;gk|0ffnL .
896

axwf lqm) lj) [;+)] w]}h;f] vf; uL k|foM . axgfdf lj) [;+)] w]} gfd ePsf] ljleGg
] . axkIf gf) [;+)] w]s } f] Pp6} kIf, ljrf jf b[li6sf]0f . > axkIfLo lj) w]s } f]
Pp6} kIf ePsf] ax;\VosnfO{ lxt ug]{, w]}sf lglDt pkof]uL jf ;~rflnt (sfo{qmd, lgod
, ljlw cflb, h:t} axkIfLo eStfgL Joj:yf, axkIfLo ljlgdol:ytf O)) . axkbL lj) [;+
)] bO{eGbf a9L kbsf] cleJo~hgf lbg] . axeflifs lj) [;+)] bO{eGbf a9L efiff af]
Ng ag ;Sg] (JolSt) . axeh  gf) [;+)] rfeGbf a9L ]vfn] 3]lPsf] ;dtnLo lrq rfeGb
tf ehf ePsf] lrq . axdt lj) [;+)] != w]}n] dfg]sf] clt dfGo . gf) @= w]}sf] leGgleG
g dt . #= w]}sf] Pp6} dt jf fo . $= sg} ;ef, ;ldlt jf ;dfhdf cfwfeGbf a9L ;b:o jf ;\
Vofsf] dt . ~ k|fKt lj) w]} hgfn] f]h]sf] ;a}eGbf a9L dt kfpg] . axdfGo lj) [;+)] !=
w]n } ] dfg]sf] jf cfb u]sf] ;DdfggLo . @= w]}nfO{ dfGo xg] w]}nfO{ dg kg]{ . axd
L lj) [;+)] != w]} nIo ePsf] ljleGg ljifosf] ljz]iftfn] oQm ePsf] . @= xftdf nufp
g] Ps lsl;dsf] ;gsf] afnf . ~ SofDk; gf) PseGbf a9L ljifosf] k9fO xg] cWoog;+:y
fg dxfljBfno . axdq " gf) [;+)] != w]} lk;fa nfUg] Ps f]u . lj) @= w]} lk;fa xg] f
u nfu]sf] . axdN " o lj) [;+)] != w]} df]n kg]{ lsDdtL bfdL . @= w]} dxj ePsf] . ax
lj) [;+)] != cg]s \u jf 9fFrf ePsf] \uLr\uL . @= cg]s lsl;dsf] gfgfyLsf] . axkL
!= ljleGg k wf0f ug]{ cg]s ksf] cgkL . @= hg;fwf0fnfO{ ljleGg kn] enfpg ;Sg] . #
hdf x] ljleGg k b]vfO{ hLljsf rnfpg] . axn lj) [;+)] clws w]} Hofbf . axnL gf) [
axnfsf] cj:yf jf rfn kfunkg l;Nn8kgf 5fF6f . axntf gf) [;+)] axn xg] l:ylt jf kg
clwstf axtfot . axnf lj) [;+) jftn] lbdfu lau|s ] f] kfun af}nfxf 5F6fxf . kg gf
xnfsf] cj:yf af}nL . axnfO gf) [ axnfp ( cfO)] axnfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . > a
xnfOg s) lqm) axnf xf]Og . axnfpg c) lqm) [axnf cfp g] != lbdfu 7]ufgdf gxg a
nf xg 5F6fpg af}nfpg . @= ;fx|} 7"nf] cfF6 ug{ . axjrg gf) [;+)] Jofs0fdf Pse
Gbf a9L j:t jf JolStnfO{

897

axljsNkLafFl8g afFsf lj) [;+) a\s] != v"a} sfd ug{ ;Sg] axfb ;fx;L . @= kf] t?gf
fFsL lj) [c)] != vr{ u] ar]sf] art z]if . @= lx;fa ubf{ 36fP cfPsf] (c\s) . #= lx;fa
l5{g;s]sf] jf lkmtf{ bflvn gePsf] (k]:sL) . gf) $= ul0ftdf 36fpg] k|lqmof . %= sd
Lxn] sfdsfh ubf{ a]?h unkmt ePafkt aemfpgkg]{ sd . ^= ;dfrfkqsf] sg} k[i7df ;fdu|
L gc6fO{ csf]{ k[i7df nluPsf] c+z . ~ aSof}tf gf) p7fpg jf c;n ug{ afFsL x]sf] sd
. jfnf gf) cGoq ;bf{ jf vf]l;Fbf aemfpgkg]{ cfgf] lhDdfsf] ;sfL sdsnd, ;]|:tf cflb
aemfpg g;sL afFsL fVg] JolQm afFsL sd ltg{kg]{ JolQm . afFs! ] gf) g]kfn clwfHosf]
dWo klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ e]L c~rnsf] tfO{df kg]{ Ps lhNnf . afFs]@ lj) [;+)
jqm] ndfOsf] Ps 5]paf6 58\s] kfL ufFl;Psf] 6]9f] uF;j  f (3) . afF s f] gf) != lk
F 8 fn h :tf] a9L sf] S ofpg] Ps hftsf] sGb . @= ;fsL{n] 5fnf sf6\g] fdf]h:tf] x
ltof afFs . afFujf gf) lxpF kUn]sf avt g]kfn ltAataLr cfjthfjt ug]{, ;udfyf c~rnsf]
;f]nvDa lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps 3f6L . afFr \ g c) lqm) [;+) j~rg g] != hLljt xg lhpFbf
xg sfnsf] dvdf gkg{ . @= afFsL xg hf]lug . > afFlrg c) lqm) hLljt lxg lhpFbf
xf]Og . afFrG  h]n lqm) lj) hLjg x];Dd d[Toko{Gt . afFem gf) != vf]nfsf lsgflt pd
g], nfDrf dl;gf kft xg] Ps hftsf] v . @= h\undf xg] 7"nf v;|f kft ePsf], ufO{a:t
nfO{ 3fF; vjfOg] Ps k|sfsf] v . afFemL lj) [afFemf] O{] ;Gtfg k}bf gug]{ ue{wf0f gug
{ sf]v afFemf] ePsL a}nf . afFemf] lj) [;+) aGWo] vghf]t gulPsf] cfafb gePsf] afnLgfn
gnufOPsf] . afF8 \ g ;) lqm) [;+) a08 g] != cfkm;df ldnfP efu nufpg afF8rF8 ug{
. @= ljt0f ug{ . afF8 gf) [afF8\ c] cfkm;df efu nufpg] sfd afF8\g] sfd aG8f . ~ r8
F gf) afa kf] efu nfpg] jf afF8\g] sfd . ~ kmfF6 gf) leGgleGg ljefu, v08, kmfF6 cf
5fP jf tf]s] afF8\g] sfd nfd ldnfP ku]{Nb} k ;fb}{ efu nfpg] sfd . afF8f gf) [jfGw
oM ;grfFbLsf] sfd ug],{ af}4dfuL{ g]jf hfltsf] Ps ju{ . afFl8g s) lqm) [afF8 \ O g]
afF8\g] sfd ulg .

aemfpg] zAb Pp6fnfO{ aemfpg] zAbaf6 w]n } fO{ aemfpg] uL ag]sf] k (h:t} 3af6 3
O)) . axljsNkL lj) [;+)] w]} ljsNk ePsf] 5gf}6 ug{ ;lsg] jf kfOg] . ~ k|Zg gf) 5gf}
6 ug{ ;lsg] jf cyjf w]} ePsf k|Zgsf] ;d"x . axljb\ lj) [;+)] w]} ljifo hfGg] ax1 .
xljw lj) [;+)] w]} lsl;dsf] gfgf efFltsf] . axljjfx gf) [;+)] != Ps k?ifn] bO{ :
qL jf Ps :qLn] bO{ k?if;Fu lax] uL bj} Ps ;dodf hLljt x]sf] cj:yf . @= hfgfhfg
jf :j]R5f;fy To;L bf];|f] ljjfx ug]{ rng jf ckfw . axjL | lx gf) [;+)] ;d:tkbleq x]s
f zAbsf] d"n cy{nfO{ 5f]8L leGg cy{ aemfpg] / ljz]if0fkb aGg] ;df;sf] Ps e]b .
(pbf) df5fsf] h:tf] kR5 ePsf]  df5fkR5] (lxdfn), rLsf] h:tf] g\u|f ePsf]  rLg\u|
O)) . axzM lqm) lj) [;+)] != w]} lsl;dn] k|foM . lj) @= clws w]} . ax>t  lj) [;+
] nf}lss jf zf:qLo w]} sf ;g]aem]sf] w]} k9]n]v]sf] ljfg\ . ax;\Vo lj) [;+)] ax
> ax;\Vos lj) w]} ;\Vof ePsf] cfwfeGbf a9L ;\Vof ePsf] u0fgfdf w]} ePsf] . ax" g
jw"] axfL bnxL . ~ et] gf) gofF bnxL leofPsf] ef]lnkN6 bfhefO, aGwx e]nf uL v
g] ef]h gofF bnxLn] ksfPsf] ;a}n] vfg] klxnf] lbgsf] eftefG;f . ax"2Z ] oLo lj) [
;+)] x]) axp2]ZoLo . ax" fgL gf) [ax" fgL] axfL axfLnfO{ 3sf gf]srfs cflbn] ;D
g] zAb . af gf) [ afa] != afa ajf lktf . @= :g]xk"j{s af]nfOFbf jf ;Daf]wg ubf{ c
fpg] zAb . (pbf) nf}g af, olt sfd ulb]pm ) . lgkf) #= k|z+;f, :ofaf;L, pk]Iff, Jo\Uo
cflb JoQm ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) o:tf] sfd t ug{ xb F g } af ) . afF lqm) l
j) [c) d"] != ufO{uf]? sfpFbf cfjfh lg:sg] lsl;dn] . gf) @= ufO{ (afnaf]nLdf) . (p
bf) aaf] afF, aa b] . afnuLt) . afFs gf) [ afFsf]] x]) afFsf] . afFs6] lj) [afFx s
!= cfwf jf l;\u} afxnf gePsf] . gf) @= To:t} lsl;dsf] ef]6f]h:tf] nuf . #= kf}8
L v]Nbf xftvf rnfpg] Ps 9fFrf 58\s] kf}8L .

afF8 ] afO;] afF8] lj) [afF8f P] afF8f;DaGwL afF8fsf] afF8fn] ug]{ [ 0f qof]bzLsf lbg
afF8fxn] lsl;dsf] . ~ hfqf gf) efb|si cfkmGt >4fnxsf 3df uO{ leIffbfg lng] kj{ jf h
fqf k~rbfg . dGb|f ] gf) sfgsf] dflyNnf] efudf nufOg] ;fgf] dGb|fl] jz]if sdfn] .
afFb gf) [ jfg] jfg slk . ~ 6f]kL gf) hf8f] 5Ng cfFvf dv dfq b]lvg] uL 3fF6L;Dd
ufOg] pmgLsf] 6f]kL . ~ kR5 ] lj) != afFbsf] h:tf] kR5 ePsf] . @= km]b}b]lv vlK6P a
fSnf kft nfUg], 6Kkfdf afFbsf] kR5h:tf] nfdf], ;]tf] uef] xg] uefdf ;;fgf kx]
n F f k"mn kmNg], lxdfnodf kfOg] Ps hftsf] a6L . sf] 3fp gf) afa rnfO{ jf sf]6\of
O{ lgsf] xg glbOPsf] 3fp . afFb] lj) [afFb P] afFbsf] lsl;dsf] afFbh:tf] . ~ kmn gf
f, dl;gf k"mn kmNg] cf?sf h:tf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] j[If jf To;}sf] kmn . afFw\g
;) lqm) [;+) aGw g] != sg} j:tnfO{ wfuf], 8f]L cflbn] a]] s:g 6Gsfpg a]g{ 3]g{
lgod, k|lt1f cflb pkfoff dof{bfdf rnfpg lgod jf qmddf fVg ldnfpg . #= aGwgdf fVg
GbL agfpg . $= dGqsf ann] sg} sfd xg glbg . %= z:qc:q wf0f ug{ . ^= lgdf{0f ug{
agfpg (afFw, lsNnf cflb) . afFw gf) [;+) aGw] != vf]nfgfnfaf6 snfdf kfgL Nofpg j
f vf]nfsf] kfgL yGgsf lglDt nufOPsf] 5]saf jf l8n . @= ljzfn gbLxnfO{ afFwL kfgL
hDdf kf] lahnL cflb lgsfNg] sfdsf lglDt dflyaf6 p3fg{ nfpg xg] kfgLsf 7"n7"nf lg
sf;fx aLraLrdf flvPsf], knsf] sfd;d]t lbg], l;d]G6, kmnfd cflbsf ;xfotfn] agfOPsf]
df]6f], alnof] uff] . #= ;db|sf] cfjZos efu hldgsf] kdf pkof]u ug{ ToxfFsf] kfgL
d]l;gn] lgsf:g] aflx cfpg glbg] uL nufOPsf] alnof] kvf{n . afFw5fFb gf) [afFw\ 5fFb]
\ afFWg] 5fFb\g] sfd afFwaFw . afFwk}g gf) [afFw k}g] afFw snf] . afFwaw F gf) [
w\ (l))] afFWg] cflb sfd afFw5fFb . afFwf gf) [;+) aGws] ?lkofF ;fk6 lnPafkt ;f] ?l
kofF gs6Gh]n gf]sL ug{ san uL a;]sf] JolSt sdff] . afFlwg s) lqm) [afFw\ O g] afFW
sfd ulg . afF; gf) [;+) j+z] nfDrf tLvf kft, ;]tf k"mn hf}h:tf kmn xg], aLraLrdf
cfFVnf ePsf] leq vf]qmf] xg] jg:kltljz]if . ~ 3fL gf) afF; w]} ePsf] 7fpF afF;a } fF
sf] w]} emf afF;sf] 3fL . ~ kft] gf) afF;sf h:tf kft xg] nxf km}ng] Ps k|sfsf] 3f
afF;  L gf) [j+zL] cf]7df fvL bflxg] sdlt kmsf{O{ kms] ahfOg], 5f]6f], nfdf] demf
tLg yL cfsfsf xg],
898

:jkljt{gsf lglDt 5;ftj6f l5b| ePsf] ltgdf kfn}kfnf] cf}Fnfn] yg] jf 5]s] ahfOg] afF
, lgufnf], sf7 cflbaf6 agfOPsf] afhf j+zL . afF;] lj) [afF; P] afF;h:tf] afF;sf 9fFrf
sf] . ~ Rofp gf) afF;df pd|g] v}f] sf] nfdf] 8fF7 ;fgf] 5q xg] Ps hftsf] Rofp . ~ 9
u \ L | gf) cfuf] kmSg] bj}lt vf]lnPsf] afF;sf] 9\u|L . ~ 9u \ f | ] gf) afF;sf
9\u|f] . afFx gf) [;+) afx] != xft ehf . @= bO{ xftn] km]f] dflFbfsf] efu cFufnf
. 8f]nf gf) wfO{, ;;f] cflbsf lgb]{zgdf s]6fs]6Ln] bj} xft dfly p7fP 8f]nfO{ v]N
g] sfd . afM lj) af]) [kmf) afx] xif{, hf];, k|z+;f, lj:do cflb k|s6 ubf{ lgsflng
] zAb afx (pbf) afM ltd|f] gfr t sdfn eof] ) . afM lj) af]) w]} k|z+;f, xif{, :ofa
cflb k|s6 ubf{ pRrf0f xg] zAb afxafx (pbf) afM afM cfh Sof r6s x]lof] ) . afO gf) [
fp cfO] afpg] sfd jf lsl;d (pbf) ltd|f] dvafO b]v] d t 5Ss} k]F .) . afOsf6 gf) [c\)
Fo s6] sg} ;dfh, ju{, ;+:yf cflbaf6 cnu ulg] jf x6fpg] sfd alxisf . afOg s) lqm) [afp
] dv k"} vf]lng cfF ulg . afOk\vL lj) [jfo k\vL] != xfjfh:t} l56f] bf}8g] jf xfj
8\g] (3f]8f) . @= bGTosyfdf jl0f{t, kv]6f ePsf] k|l;4 (sfNklgs 3f]8f) . afOkmfnf
lj) [jfo kmfn\ cf] afOkmfn] . > afOkmfn] lj) != pQfpnf] :jefjsL gvdfpnL . @= w]} gf7f
]nfpg] j]Zof . #= cU3f] af7L rnan] . afOanafOlan gf) [c\)] O;fO{ jf lqm:tfgLxsf] k
4 wd{u|Gy . afOdfqf gf) [afofF dfqf] Jo~hgj0f{df Osfsf] ;f lbOg] jf nufOg] lrXg ( l )
o:tf] dfqf . afO; gf) [k|f)] != aL; bO{ hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vof @@sf] c\s . lj) @= aL;
O{ hf]8\bf xg] ;\Vofsf] . afO;sn gf) [ afOl;lsn] uf]8fn] rnfP/ sbfOg] bO{ kf\u]|
;fwg ;fOsn . afO;wff gf) [afO; wff] sf7df8f}+b]lv pQ afnfHo"df x]sf], afO;j6f wff eP
|l;4 :yn jf tLy{ . afO;L gf) [afO; O{] afO;] fHo . ~ rf}la;L gf) dWosfnLg g]kfnsf afO
; fHo rf}aL; fHosf] PsPs ;d"x . afO;] lj) [afO; P] != afO; ;\Vofsf] afO; jif{sf] .
}jg elPsf] tGg]L . (pbf) afO;] hf]ag To;} v] hfnf x}, sfG5f ) . ~ fHo gf) dWosfndf
sf] u08sLkfsf If]qdf x]sf afO;j6f ;fgfltgf fHosf]

899

afO;f} F afv|] @= 9f8sf] cgkftdf xft vf w]} 5f]6f xg] . afpGgf} F lj) [afpGg cf}F]
afpGg ;\VofnfO{ k"f ug]{ afpGg ;\Vofsf] . afp? gf) != v]tfnfsf] k];f jf sfd v]tfnfv]
L . @= ;3fpk3fp . > afp] gf) != v]tL ubf{ csxfF ;ufpg hfg] JolSt . @= HofnfbfLdf sfd
ug]{ JolSt HofdL . cfp]afp] . afp;] gf) [afp;f] P] != f]kfOF ubf{ v]tsf] lxnf] ;DDof
sfd . @= To:tf] sfd ug]{ JolSt nf7] . afp;f] gf) [;+) afxn] sf]bfnf] jf sf]bfnL
. afs6 gf) nfdfnfdf sfg nfdfnfdf vf xg] v;L ljsf;] hVv" v;L . afsg gf) [g]jf)] l5k
fxn] sk8f cflbdf af l5Kg] 5fk rf]Kg 3f]n] fVg], rf sgf k]sf] sf7sf] efF8f] sfuL
) [;+) aNsn] v, sf7 cflbsf] af]qmfleq x]sf] aflxL efu cff jf oGqn] tf5] jf lr] 5
] To:tf] 6qmf . sfg] gf) afSnf sfg xg] Ps hftsf] afv|f] . kft] gf) afSnf kft xg
] kftsf] lemNnL kftnf] sfuth:tf] xg] Ps emf . afs; gf) [c\) aS;] aS;f ;Gbs . afsfO
bf lqm) lj) [kmf) af c) sfob] sfObfdtflas sfObf;fy lgodfg;f . afskf} gf) [g]jf)] k
f] rngcg;f sg} ljz]if dxjsf] ;Unf] sfutkq kl5 lst]{ xg] l:ylt gkf];\ egL ;f] sfut
RoftL ;DalGwt JolStxn] afF8] lnPsf] 6qmf cwsL (o:tf sfutdf !($% ;fn j}zfv #) ut] z
qmjfeGbf klxn]sf] nlntk eStksf] >LjT; eGg] 5fk nufP/ sfggL dfGotf b;f{OPsf] xGYo
] .) . afsNnf] gf)x]) asNnf] . aflSng c) lqm) [afSnf] O g] afSnf] xg uf9f xg 3
xg . afSnf] lj) [;+) aNsn] != kftnf] gePsf] df]6f] . @= kGofnf]kg sd gePsf] uf9f
. #= 3gf ;3g . $= v"a hd]sf] . ~ rfSnf] lj) afSnf] rfSnf] rfSnf]afSnf] . (pbf) afSnf
]rfSnf] bO{ dfgf kfSg] . pvfg) . afS;L gf) != s; lvof . @= 9;L ;8jfkg . afv|fkf7f
gf) [afv|f kf7f] afv|f kf7f . afv|L gf) [afv|f] O{] kf]yL afv|f] . afv| ] lj) [afv|f ]
P] != v;Lafv|f kfNg] v;Lafv|faf6 hLljsf rnfpg] . @= afv|f]h:tf] afv|fsf] . #= nfhzd
s]xL gePsf] . ~ pGo gf) pGo"sf eGbf 7"n7"nf kft af]6 xg] Ps hftsf] pGo" . ~ s]6
f]s]6L gf) ;fgf] kmRr] s]6f] jf s]6L . ~ Rofp gf) kfgf vdf pd|g], sfnf] sf], vfg

;d"x (h;df lgDgfg;fsf fHo lyP hDnf, ?sd, ;Nofg, dfng]6f, kmnfjf, udf{sf]6, bf, l5N
L, hfhsf]6, hfxfL, f]Nkf, afFsL, bNn, b}nv ] , uf]tfd, c5fd, jLdsf]6, dl;sf]6 (k
Nnf]), bgf{, aemf, afhf, ynxf) . afO;f}F lj) [afO; cf}] F afO; ;\VofnfO{ k"f ug]{ a
Vofsf] . afO:sf]k gf) [c\)] sg} klg 36gf jf syfsf clegLt s f qmda4 kdf kfbz{ s k6df
F r ] k| s fzsf] ;xfotfff kbf{df b]vfOg] 5foflrq . afO{ F gf) [ afxfF] != :qLhfltn]
gf8Ldf nufpg] ;grfFbLsf] afnf jf rf . @= sldhsf] afpnfdf 6fFs nufpg] 7fpFdf t];f
]{ kf] l;OPsf] efu . afpF! gf) [;+) afx] xft afx . afpF@ lj) [;+) afd] afofF b]a|]
d . afpFl6g c) lqm) [afpF6f] O g] 6]9f] :jefjsf] xg afpF6f] xg lrl9g . afpF6! ]
lj) [afpF6f] P] x]) afpF6f] . afpF6@ ] gf) k|;j ePkl5 uef{zoaf6 lg:sg] ut, kfgL cfl
b . afpF6f] lj) [;+) jfd6] != s;}l;t gldNg] :jefjsf] 6]9f] jf pN6f] :jefjsf] sf]UNof
F6f] afpF7] afpF7f] . @= afofF xft rnfpg] . afpF6fO gf) [ afpFl6 ( ofO)] afpFl6g] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] afpF6fx6 gf) afpFl6g] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . afpF7 ]
lj) [afpF7f] P)] x]) afpF6] . afpF7f] lj)x]) afpF6f] . afpFl8g c) lqm) [afpF8f] O g] !
afpF8f] xg 6]l9g . @= zLsf hf]gL{df ;8\lsPdls{Ph:tf] eO{ St;~rf f]lsP bVg] u
lg . > afpF8fO gf) afpFl8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . afpFkf6f] gf) [afpF kf6f]] != zLsf] b
]klsf] efu . @= cgsn gkg]{ 7fpF afpFxft] lj) [afofF xft]] bfofF xfteGbf afofF xft a
9L rnfpg] 8]Kkf . afpgL sf7 gf) [afxgL sf7] rfFkf]sf h:t} kft alnof] hftsf] sf7 xg
] vljz]if . afpg ;) lqm) [;+) Jofbfg] dv k"f vf]Ng cfF ug{ . afpGg gf) [;+) fk~rf
t\] != krf; bO{ hf]8b \ f xg] ;\Vof %@sf] c\s . lj) @= krf; bO{sf hf]8 ;\Vofsf]
~ uG8f lj) w]} yk}| . ~ sf gf) afx|;QfO; sf . ~ 7Ss gf) gfgf k|sfsf 7Ss, cgej
) [;+) jfdg P] != Hofb} xf]rf] k8s \ f] afdk8s \ ].

afv|f ] af5\g xg] Ps hftsf] Rofp . afv|f ] gf) [;+) as{] != df; vfOg] k|l;4 3kfnf
kzljz]if af]sf] . @= af]sf, afv|f a9fpgsf lglDt kflng] kf]yL afv|f] afv|L . afu! g
f) [c)] kmnk"mnafL au}Frf jfl6sf . afu@ gf) [;+) aNuf] != sg} j:t RofKgsf lglDt 6]la
n cflbdf l:y uL hl8Psf] j:t . @= 3f]8fsf] nufd afu8f] . 8f] gf) != 3f]8f cflbsf] n
. @= dftxtsf JolStnfO{ lgb]z { g lbg] tyf sfo{;~rfng ug]{ dVo clwsfL zf;gsf] cle
eff jf lgoGq0f . afun gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ wjnflul c~rnsf
] blIf0fL efudf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . afun] lj) [afun P] != afundf ag]sf] jf xg] . @= a
un;DaGwL afunsf] . ~ sfut gf) afundf tof ePsf] g]kfnL sfut . afujfg gf) [c) afu k
fg] au}r F fsf] jf au}r F f;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolSt au}Fr] dfnL . > afujfgL gf) != au}
r F ] jf dfnLn] ug]{ au}Frf;DaGwL sfd dfnLsf] k];f . @= kmnk"mn v]tL . ~ s]Gb| gf)
kmnk"mn pTkfbg ug]{ s[lifs]Gb| . afluofg lj) [jfuL] != ljb|f]xL afuL . @= afuLsf]
h:tf] sfd ug]{ . afuL lj) [c)] b]z jf fHosf lj?4 b|fx ] ug]{ ljb|fx ] ug]{ ljKnjL .
afUdtL gf) [;+) jf\dtL] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] kzklt 5]paf6 aUg] Ps k|l;4 gbL . af3
gf) [;+) Jof3|] != lafnfsf hftsf] alnof], 7"nf] lx+;|s k|l;4 h\unL hgfj . @= d]l;gs
f] sfd ug]{ sflun] sg} j:t cF7fpg k|of]u ug]{ r]kj  f kmnfd] cf}hf . ~ sfg] gf) 7"n
"nf sfg xg] hQf . ~ vf] gf) af3nfO{ dfg{sf lglDt yGg], jgsf] 5]p5fpdf yflkg] Ps
lsl;dsf] vf] . ~ rfn gf) kRrL;sf]7] ysL{df Pp6f vfnL sf]7f rfj6f af3 aL;j6f afv|fs
f] sNkgf uL uf]6L rfn] v]lng] Ps v]n . ~ rnL gf) af3h:t} b]lvg] lxdfnsf] rnL lxdfn
. ~ 5fnf gf) af3sf] 5fnf Jof3|fDa . ~ hu F ] lj) af3sf h:t} nfdf hFuf xg] . ~ e
mD6fO gf) af3sf] h:tf] emD6fO l;n] emD6g] sfd ;fx|} l;fP u]sf] xKsL . ~ emD6f gf) a
6 . ~ kGhf gf) af3sf] h:t} cnfO{ cF7fpg fSg ;Sg] xft . ~ kfOnf gf) != Ps hgfnfO{ af
gfP/ v]lng], s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps k|sf/sf] v]n . @= lj) af3sf h:tf kfOnf ePsf] . ~ afh
 gf) af3sf] cufl8 vfdf xg] d\unsfs dflgg] afhh:tf] emLgf] xf8 . ~ dfL gf) Ps hg
f]Lsf] 3]fleq k:g] pm efUg vf]Hbf cn]
900

8f]Ln] tfg] ufF7f] kfL afFWg vf]Hg] Ps afnv]n . ~ dv] lj) != af3sf] h:tf] dv ePsf]
(h:tf] af3dv] rf) . gf) @= Ps hftsf] k"mn . #= c;fsf] k"mn . $= ;fwf0f lknlkn] kf
t ePsf], ;fgf;fgf kx]n F f k"mn kmNg] 3fF;ljz]if . af3] lj) [af3 P] != af3sf] 5fnf
h:tf] 6f6]kf6] af3h:tf] af3;DaGwL . @= af3n] vfg] jf af3nfO{ xg] . gf) #= ufO{e}F
;LnfO{ ufnL ulFbf k|of]u xg] zAb . ~ lsf] gf) lrKn]sLf vfg], sfF9] vfx ePsf] Ps k|s
f] sfnf] sLf] . ~ vl6f] gf) zLdf hg} xg] 7fpFdf hg}s} cfsfdf lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf] 3fts
hg}vl6f] ;fsL{vl6f] . af\v] lj) [af\uf] vf P] af\uf vf xg] vf af\uf] kfL
v  ] lj) [af\uf] v P] v af\luP bj} 5]p hf]lPsf] af\v ]. af\lug c) lqm)
g bf]la|g 6]l9g . @= a]dn ] sf] xg afpFl6g . af\uL sf7 gf) [af\uf] sf7] v}f] a
af\ufl6\uf e]6\gf xg], xlof]df kftnf lemnlemn k]sf ;s]kl5 sfnf, sn]hL sf kft x
6Kkfdf efn] kf]yL c\u ePsf leGgfleGg} ;fgf k"mn kmNg] v jf To;}sf] km;|f sf] kmn
. af\u] lj) [af\uf] P] sg} cjoj af\uf] ePsf] af\uf] . ~ sf7 gf) x]) af\uLsf7 . af
) jqm] ;f]emf] gePsf] 6]9f] rfnsf] . :qL) af\uL . l6\uf] lj) w]} 7fpFdf af\uf] ePsf
9f]d]9f] . afr\g ;) lqm) [;+) jr\ g] cIf, k:tskl:tsf cflb k9\g jf k9] ;gfpg kf7
ug{ kffo0f ug{ . afrs gf) [;+) jfrs] != kf0f, syf cflb eGg] dVo kl08t . @= :ki6,
l56f] z4 eGg] zlSt k9fO . > afrsL lj) kf0f, syf cflb eGg] jfrg ug]{ . afrf! lj) [
fr cf] != clnslt yf]} lrpF6L . @= af]nL jf egfO dfqsf] . afrf@ gf) [;+)] sg} sfd jf s
ug{ lbOg] jrg af]nL san k|lt1f . aGwg gf) k|lt1fdf afFWg] sfd lslofxnfO . aflrg
qm) [afr\ O g] jfrg ulg kf7 ulg . afR5fO{ lj) [c) afbzfxL] ;xfpFbf] fd|f] pQd .
w]} dflg; ldn] Ps};fy ahfOg], ;a} c\un] k"0f{, of]k]nL afhfxsf] ;d"x . afaL
lbdf nfu]sf, tl:asf af jf lrXg . afR5f] gf) x]) af5f] . af5\g ;) lqm) [;+) jf~5f g]
!= s]nfpg . @= f]Hg

901

afl56faf9L n]vrgf, fo cflbdf ljdlt xg . > afemfafem gf) k:kdf afg] sfd egfeg egf
lemg s) lqm) afg] sfd ulg egfj}L ulg . afemf] gf) [afem\ cf]] afg] sfd emu8f a
f] gf) dvn] afg] tyf xftn] s6\g];d]t sfd . af6\g ;) lqm) [;+) j]i6 g] wfuf], tf, 3
, kfn cflb sgn } fO{ hf]N6fP Pp6} 8f]f] agfpg 8f]L agfpg a6fg{ rN7L kfg{ . af
k~rdL ljelStdf nfUg] Ps k b]lv . (pbf) tkfO{+ 3af6 slxn] cfpgeof] < cfsfzaf6 kfgL k
5{ O)) . af6@ gf) u?, tfdf cflb hfltn] bj}ltsf bO{ 6Kkf ;sfPem}F uL xftn] ;dft]
f;sf] cl3 n}hfg] ;]tf] sk8f . af6f gf) [;+) jf6] pQfgf], kmfs dv ePsf] la6 kms]{s
f], lkQn, tfdf, Knfl:6s cflbsf] efF8f] . af6lng c) lqm) [af6nf] O g] af6nf] xg u
f]nfsf kg{ sF8lng . af6n] lj) [af6nf] P] uf]n cf ldn]sf] dvsf] cfsf af6nf] eP
:qL) af6nL . af6nf] lj) [;+) jt{n] uf]n cfsf ePsf] uf]n ldn]sf] 8Nnf] . ~ dnf gf
) ;nudsf 9fFrfsf] Ps hftsf] d"nf . af6Nkft] gf) [af6nf] kft P] kLknsf h:tf af6nf k
ft xg], xlof k"mn kmNg] kx]Fnf uf]n kmn kmNg] nxf]ljz]if . af6f] gf) [;+) jTd{] !
= lxF8\gsf lglDt agfOPsf] kmflsnf] jf ;fF3f] ;f]tf]bf 7fpF (;8s, uNnL, uf]]6f] cflb
) dfu{ ky . @= tlsf pkfo k4lt . #= hLljsf cflbsf] ;fwg j[lQ . $= cfDe ;? . ~ s?jf
= af6f] sg]{ . gf) @= k|foM af6fdf a:g] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] ;k{ . ~ vr{ gf) af6f] lxF8
b \ f vfgkfg, ;jfL cflbdf nfUg] jf lnOg] vr{ . ~ 3f6f] gf) ;fgf]7"nf] ;a} af6f] af6f
] af6fdf kg]{ gbLgfnf cflb . ~ Dofb gf) sg} sfdsf lglDt df]km;naf6 cfpFbf jf ;baf6
hfFbf af6fdf nfUg] lgwf{lt ;do . af7f] lj) [k|f) a] != fd|L af]Ng jf Jojxf ug{ hfGg]
fv rt k6 w"t{ . @= al4dfg\ . af8 gf) [;+) af\u] vsL, taf cflbsf] laF8 . af8j
;db|sf] hnnfO{ ;f]:g] clUg a8jfgn . af8f gf) 8f]sf], yGr] cflb aGbf yKgkg]{ r
f]of . af8L gf) [;+) jf6L] 338]L afL (h:tf] 7fsaf8L, rGbgaf8L O)) . af8nL gf) jft
bsf sf0fn] 3fF6Laf6 lxSslxSs lg:sg] cfjfh lxSsf . af9 gf) [af9L] != af9L . @= xltofs
f] jiff{ (lbJo)) . af9L gf) [k|f) j8\l9] Hofbf jiff{ xFbf kfgL a9] cfgf] lgot :yfg
gf3L au]sf] gbLgfnfsf] k|jfx af9 . ~ l;FrfO

5fGg . afl56f gf) [af\uf] l56f] xfjfn] xofpFbf 58\s] uL k]sf] kfgLsf] l56f . af5f]
[k|f) aR5cf]] ufO{sf] aRrf] . :qL) af5L . afh! gf) [kmf)] rLnh:tf] Ps hftsf] lx+
;|s kIfL . afh@ k) ;) [kmf)] sg} zAbsf] cGtdf hf]l8P To;nfO{ dg kfpg] jf To;df ;f]v
ePsf] cy{df k|oS  t xg] kv08 . (wf]s]afh, S;Lafh, xNn8afh O)) . afhf gf) [;+) ah{L
] hg]nfsf hftsf] sfnf dl;gf bfgf xg] cGgljz]if . afhf gf) [;+) jfB] tfn] ]6], dvn
] kms] jf uhfn] 7f]s] ;tfn ldnfO{ ahfOg] oGqljz]if jfB . ufhf gf) != ufgahfg . @=
fB;lxtsf] ufgf . ~ efu gf) != bdfO{Fsf g]luofnfO{ lbOg] dVo efu . @= 7"nf] efu (J
o\Uofy{df) . aflh lqm) lj) [;+) jf] sg} sfdsfsf qmdsf] k6s rf]l6 kN6 . aflha lj) [
a] != plrt nfos . @= ;To . afhL! k|To) [kmf) afh O{] gfdzAbsf cGtdf ufFl;P Tof] sfd u
g]{ jf To;sf] ;f]lvg eGg] efj aemfpg] zAb . (O;ffafhL, 7fafhL, gffafhL, df}sfafhL
O)) . afhL@ gf) [kmf)] != sg} klg v]ndf bO{ yLsf aLr xflht xFbf ulg] ;t{ jf To:tf]
xflhtsf] k|lt1f uL v]lng] ;?b]lv cGt;Ddsf] v]n xf]8 . @= kN6g] sfd pN6fkN6f . #= hfb
sf] v]n tdf;f . $= bfp . u gf) hfbu r6sL . ~ yfKg lqm) kbf) sg} clglZrt kl0ffd
udf bO{ yLsf aLr xf jf lhtsf] cf]8 lnO{ cufj} ;t{ fVg afhL nufpg . afhL gf) != af
af]nLsf cgs0fdf elgg] zAb . @= wfld{s kf7k"hf cflbsf sf0fdf elgg] zAb . dfy gf) df
y u] afhL lhTg] sfd ljf]wLnfO{ xfpg] jf df}sfdf hlSt;Fu sfd kmQ] ug]{ rfn . ~ nufpg
lqm) kbf) afhL yfKg . afh gf) [kmf) afh"] != kfvfdf afFw ] klxlg] Ps k|sfsf] cfe"i
f0f c\ub . @= kfvf] . aGb gf) afh . afhf gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] ;b " klZrdf~rn l
qleq kg]{ ;]tL c~rnsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf klxn]sf] Ps ;fdGt fHo . afhf] gf) [;+) jh{L] a
fhf . afh] gf) [afafHo"] != cfdf jf afasf afa . @= ;;f] . #= a|fXd0fnfO{ cfb hgfp
g k|of]u ulg] zAb . ~ afHo" gf) afa, afh] cflb k"j{k?if kvf{ . afem\g c) lqm) !=
kdf bjr { g k|of]u ug{ dv nfUg egfj}L ug{ snx ug{ . @= dte]b xg] ug{ b\uf ug
. #=

af0fafgL gf) snf] vn} fv] enaf9L k:g lbO{ v]tLnfO{ l;FrfO ug]{ sfd . ~ sf] d9f] gf)
cfkt\ sfndf ;xff . af0f gf) [;+)] wgsf] tfFbf]df km]b c8fO{ tfFbf] cfk"mkl tfg] nIoj
]w ug{ j]u;Fu 5f]l8g], 6Kkf] tLvf] bj}lt wf ePsf] k|frLg xltof jf0f z sfF9 . e
[t ;flxTodf k|l;4 xif{rlt sfbDaL uBsfJo n]Vg] dxfslj . dv lnlk gf) ;d ] , Of
f cfcfg} lsl;dn] k|frLgsfndf k|rlnt, af0fsf] dvsf] cfsf ePsf] lnlk af0fdv lnlk sLnf
Iff (Solgkmfd{ lnlk) . ln\u gf) != lzjln\usf kdf k"hf ulg], gd{bf gbLdf kfOg], s]x
fDrf], uf]n ;]tf] lrNnf] kTy . @= af0fsf] lrXg ePsf] lzjln\u . aft! gf) [;+) jft] j
fosf] ljsfaf6 zLsf hf]gL{x ;lGgP bVg] f]uljz]if . aft@ gf) [;+) jftf{] != bO{ y
Lr ulg] sf] jftf{ . @= af]nL jf jrg . #= k|;\u ljifo . $= ;dfrf ;Gb]z . %= bf]ifff
of]u . lj) ^= 5f]l8Psf] afx]s . lrt gf) bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L dflg;xsf aLr k:kdf xg]
sfsfgL jftf{nfk . aftg gf) [ aft] aft sf . lkR5] lqm) lj) x]s sf] ubf{ hg s
;+) jlt{sf] 8fF8f ef6f, af/ cflb afFWg agfOg], afF;sf] g56\6\ofOPsf] rf]ofsf] d
7f] . afltn lj) [c)] vflh ulPsf] 2 ulPsf] ab afx]s . aftL gf) [;+) jlt{] aQL bL
f) sf]bfnL jf sf]bfnfsf] kftf] afk6 . aftf]@ gf) [;+) jlt{sf] != rfsaf6 f]k] zf;gf l
bOg] jf dfg]{ xltofljz]if z"nL . @= 3 5fOg] 6Kkf] ltvf]sf] rf]of] . ~ a:g 6) clgsf
nn] rnfdf cfuf] aNg aGb xg sfd 6Ss f]lsg . ~ xfGg] gf) emnf] ;NsfO{ bvs ] f]
7fpFdf kf]n] ulg], Ps lsl;dsf] u|fdL0f pkrfk4lt . aflQg c) lqm) [aft O g] != ss }
Ug ukmL jf sf}6] xg . @= k|;\ua]k; | \usf gfgfjnL sf lemsL sd } f eNg jf xfp
gf) [;+) jft] != jftf]uljz]if aft . @= hjf v]Nbf sg} bfpdf l7gL jf RofFv] s]xL gflv
g] lhtxf xFbf lnglbg guL afx]s ug]{ sfd . afy@ gf) [k|f) alTy] ag]nsf] af];f] .
afbf gf) [;+) afb cf] sk8f cflbdf af eg]{ dfnf cflb pGbf aLraLrdf xfn] fd|f] kfg{
u ulg] kx]Fnf], ;]tf] rlDsnf] dl;g r]K6f] tf wftsf] 8f]L . afbn gf) [;+) jfb{n] !=
k[YjLsf] kfgL dfly ;f]l;P cfsfzdf km}lnO{ kfgL a;f{pg] jfiks0f d]xf] d]3 . @= cfFvfd
f nfUg]
902

hfnf]ljz]if . afb;fx gf) [kmf)] != w]} dnssf] clwkltsf kdf x]sf Pp6} dVo fhf ;d|f6
rqmjtL{ . @= tf;, ulGhkmf cflbdf fhfsf] lrq ePsf] Ps k|dv kQL af:;f . #= al4rfns
f] ;a}eGbf dVo uf]6L . afb;fxL lj) [kmf)] afbzfxnfO{ ;xfpFbf] afbzfx;DaGwL . ~ a
fhf gf) ljz]iftM ;}lgsn] ahfpg] c\u|]hL 9fFrfsf] ;fd"lxs afhf afR5fO{afhf . ~ af gf)
afR5fO{ af . afbL! lj) [kmf)] jfosf] ljsfaf6 ePsf] zLdf jfo a9fpg] jfoljsf;Da
fbL@ lj) [;+) jfbL] lkmfb lbg] gfln; ug]{ . afb] gf) != hfsgfsf] kdf k|of]u xg] 7"nf
] 8fnsf] lxdfnL v;L . lj) @= 7"nf] chsf] (h:t} afb] sDnf]) . af2] gf) != csf]{ sg} ;L
grNg] l:ylt sdf kg]{ sfd f]sfj6 . @= sg} sfsf lglDt ulg] lgwf] kSsf lgZro . afw
!= sg} sfdsfdf afwf cfpg] l:ylt f]s f]sfj6 k|ltaGw afwf . @= sg} sfd jf sfdf af
si6 kL8f . afws lj) [;+)] != sfddf afwf kofpg] f]Sg] jfws . @= ljg kfg]{ . afwf gf
)] != sg} klg sfddf xg] c8\sfp jf ljg jfwf . @= 5]syg f]sfj6 lvrf]nf . #= e"tk|]t
bsf sf0fn] xg] eo jf si6 kL8f . ~ c8\sfp gf) ;? ePsf] sfdsf] ;kmn xg gkfO{ f]lsg]
j:yf 5]sfefFhL ljgafwf . > aflwt lj) afwf kofOPsf] f]s nufOPsf] jflwt . afWo lj)
= lgod, ljlw, jrg cflbn] afFlwPsf] jf guL gxg] l:yltdf k]sf] ljjz tNofOPsf] . @= f
]s nufOPsf] 5]lsPsf] . tf gf) afWo xg] l:ylt ljjztf nfrfL . afg! gf) [;+) j0f{] !=
s 6ns . @= sflGt cfef ag{ . afg@ gf) [;+) af0f] x]) af0f . bf lj) wgsfF8 agfpg]
] . afgf! gf) [;+) af0f] ;}lgsn] sDddf emG8fP leg]{, bO{lt wf ePsf] tjfh:tf] c:ql
;\lug . afgf@ gf) [;+) jog] sk8fsf] uhklsf] agf]6 jf lsl;d . afgf# gf) [;+) j0f{] !
= klxg jf j]zljGof; j:q . @= sg} lhlg;sf] k|sf jf lsl;d afGsL . #= :jLsf ulPsf] wd{
t . bf lj) != afgf ePsf] afgfjfn km];gafh . gf) @= kN6lgof afhf ahfpg] hflubf . afg
) != lgGtsf] cEof;ff k|fKt ;lhnf] ;kllrt Jojxf tyf ;r]t ljrfljgf klg ug{ ;lsg] To
lqmofsnfk cEo:ttf . @= c;n jf vfa tyf ;b\u0f jf

903

aflGsnf]afd vfg]sf] l56} fd|L unfO{ ksfpg] vf; k|sfsf] efF8f] k|];ss . aftf g
k|sfsf] df]6f] ];dL sk8f . afa gf) rfdnsf] kL7f] ofn] l3pt]ndf ksfOPsf] uf]nf] f]6
sfg] lj) afasf h:tf 7"n7"nf sfg xg] . afag]6afan]6 gf) [c\) alag]6] vf:6f], rf]nf]
lb 5fKg] jf e"mn kbf{ cflb agfpg] sfddf k|of]u xg,] hfnLbf ldlxg sk8f . afa8L gf)
tnu8f kf]vL . afaL gf) [;+) aa{L] ;fgf;fgf v;|f kft xg,] ftf dl;gf k"mn kmNg] t
sf] h:tf] af:gf cfpg] emfljz]if klbgf . afaf gf) [kmf)] != afa jf afah:t} k"Ho j
[4 JolSt . @= ;fw, ;GGof;L jf k"Ho JolStnfO{ cn] cnfO{ ;fw;GGof;Ln] ug]{ ;Daf]wg
. #= 5f]f5f]LnfO{ Koff] u] elgg] zAb . lj) af]) $= 8, qf;, lbSs, cfZro{ cflb hgfpFbf
lg:sg] zAb . hL gf) != ;fw;GGof;LnfO{ cfb hgfOg] zAb . @= ;fw;GGof;L . ~ nFuf}6L
gf) ev{ hGd]sf gfgLxnfO{ sddf afFw ] nufOlbg] s6\6h  :t} nufljz]if . aflaof] gf) [;
+) aNjhf] 3 5fpg], 8f]L af6\g] srf] agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg], szh:tf nfdf, emLgf kft
xg] sf]bfsf sf];fh:tf ;fgf k"mn kmNg] emfljz]if . afa gf) [ afaf] != cfk"mnfO{ h
Gdfpg] JolSt aaf lktf . @= sfggcg;f wd{kq fVg kfpg] JolSt . afh] gf) afa, afh]
flb k"j{k?if kvf{ . ;fx]a gf) 7sL, fh3fgfsf ;fwf0f JolSt wgLdfgLsf 5f]fxnfO{
dfgaf]w zAb . afa} lj) af]) [afaf P]] != cfZro{, pb]s, eo, cfz\sf cflb aemfpg] zAb
. (pbf) afa} oxfF t sqf] ;k{ x]5 axfLn] ;;f;Fu s;L emu8f ug{ ;s]sL xf]nL afa}
= cfk"meGbf dlgsf] JolStnfO{ ;DemfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) d}n] eg]sf] dfg afa
}, gq kl5 k5tfpgknf{) . ~ lg lgkf) cfZro{, pb]s, 8qf; cflbdf k|of]u xg] zAb . (p
bf) gfgL emG8} ofnaf6 v;]sf], afa} lg d t 8n] y{ ePF . afa} lg, ToxfF t dfG5] kf] e
mlG8Psf] x]5 ) . afd! gf) [;+) jld{] emnSs x]bf{ ;k{h:tf] b]lvg] Ps hftsf] df5f] .
afd@ lj) [;+) jfd] afofF afpF . ~ v ] lj) afofF vfn] cufl8 6]Sg] jf afofF vf 7Ls g
O{ vf]RofP lxF8g \ ] af\uf] vf ePsf] . ~ v ] lj) afofFlt v kms]{sf] afdv] . ~
!= zLsf] b]a|] efu . @= cgsn gkg]{ 7fpF . #= k|foM ;fn cflbsf vdf uf]nf] agfP a:g],
v}f] vfnsf]

bu{0f xg] dgf]ut l:ylt cfbt a]xf] nt :jefj . ~ a]xf]a]xf]f gf) zLn:jefj cfgLaf
snf] lj) [afGsL Onf]] afGsL k]sf] cfsfk|sf ldn]sf] gdgf jf 9fFrfnfossf] afgfbf . a
L gf) [afguL] sg} j:tsf] cfsfk|sf gdgf 9fFrf . afGrf]6 gf) [alxg lx) rf]b] s;}k|lt
]Vtf jf ufnLunf}hsf l;nl;nfdf k|oS  t xg] cZnLn zAb jfxfGrf]6 (pbf) ca To;} sxfF
pDs]nf;\ afGrf]6 jfxfGrf]6) . afG6] gf) kfTn]sf h:tf kft xg], 7"nf], n]sfnL j[I
fsf] Ps hft . afGtf gf) [;+) afGt] sg} lsl;dsf ljsfn] vfPlkPsf] j:t k]6aflx lg:sg]
sfd jdg 5fb . afGwj gf) [;+)] != dfdfr]nf kmk"r]nf;d]tsf bfhefO aGwju{ kmsL . @=
cfkmGt, gft]bf jf ;DaGwL :jhg Oi6ldq . afGgafGgf] gf) kvf{n leQf . afk gf) [;+) jk|
fa lktf . afk6 gf) sf]bfnfsf]bfnLdf sLnf 7f]lsP ufFl;Psf] kftf] . afkt gf) [kmf) af
at] != rf]L, hfL, xf8gftfs0fLh:tf d2fsf] s;" bf]if . @= sg} sfsf] lglDtsf] ;f ab
of]) #= ;DaGwdf ljifodf (pbf) sfd u]afkt tna lbgk5{ .) $= nflu lglDt (pbf) o;afkt tk
fO{n F ] s] kfpgeof] <) . > afktL lj) rf]L, hfL, xf8gftf s0fLh:tf d2fdf ckfwL 7xlP
afkt jf bf]if nfu]sf] s;"bf . afkj}L gf) [afk j}L] afasf kfnfb]lvsf] j}L k"f vnss
]{ zq afkmj}/L . afkm! gf) [;+) jfik] != kfgL tft] xNsf eO{ w"jfFsf kdf dfl:t p8]sf
;"Id hns0fxsf] ;d"x . @= zLaf6 lg:s]sf] tftf]kg . afkm@ gf) [ afk] afa lktf . afkm]
af]) [;+) jk| ]] 8, crDd, pb]s cflb hgfpg] zAb . (pbf) afkm], lrl8ofvfgfdf sqf] af3 x
5 ) . ~ afkm lj) af]) 8, crDd, pb]s, bMv cflb k|s6 ubf{ lg:sg] zAb . (pbf) afkm]afkm
5f]Lsf] ljjfxdf ltgsf] vr{ b]v] d t 5Ss} k]F .) . afkmj}/L gf) [afkj}/L] afaafh]sf
kfnfb]lvsf] zq afkj}L . aflkmg c) lqm) [afkm O g] != afkm aGg jf afkm lg:sg] xg
f{pg . @= afkmn] sg} vfg]sf kfSg ulD;g . aflkmnf] lj) [afkm Onf]] afkm lg:sg] afk
elPsf] w]} tftf] ud xg] (7fpF cflb) . afkmf]F8L gf) [afkm s;f}F8L] lasf]{af6 afkm p
glbP,

afdafx sldnf] . ~ k8s \ ] lj) Hofb} k8\sf] afpGg] . afd# gf) b]j|] xftn] ahfOg] ta
nf . afd] gf) [ afd P] afns 3;|Fbfsf] ;fO . ~ ;fO gf) afd] ;g]{ sfd jf lsl;d . ~ ;g{
m) kbf) ev{sf gfgLn] xftvfsf ;xfotfn] zL eO{Fdf l3;f] lxF8\g . ~ rf] gf) afxgr
lj8\u gf) [;+) lj8\u] lxdfnL kxf8, n\sf adf{df xg] Ps ntf jf To;}sf] kmn . afofF lj
[;+) jfd] != zfLls kdf ljkLt kIfeGbf s]xL ba{n tyf sd ;lqmo bfofFsf] ljkLtfy{s z
afpF afd . @= k|ltsn pN6f] . gf) #= b]a|] xftn] ahfOg] tanf . ~ xftsf] v]n gf) Hofb}
;lhnf] sfd . afo gf) [;+) jfo] xfjf jfo . ~ k\vL gf) afOk\vL . ~ a]u lj) l56f] .
f\g ;) lqm) [;+) jf g] != hf]ufparfpsf lglDt sg} 7fpFnfO{ jlklaf6 3]g{ 5]sf jf a
. @= lgod kofO{ sg} j:t k|of]udf gNofpg afgf ug{ . #= f]Sg 5]Sg . $= kykx]h ug
. %= cfzf}r dgfpg . af! gf) [;+) jf] != sf7, afF;, 3f]rf cflbsf] 5]sf jf Ps k|sfsf]
kvf{n . @= ;do cj; jf . lqm) lj) #= k6s km]f rf]l6 . af@ gf) [c\)] sfggJoj;foL
] ;d"x jf ;+oSt lgsfo . ~ P;f]l;P;g gf) jlsn jf afsf ;b:oxsf] ;\3 jf ;\u7g . afgf g
[;+) jf0f] != cz4 dflgPsf] j:t k|of]udf gNofpg], lglif4 ef]hg gug]{ ;+;u{af6 ePs
f] bf]if x6fpg] cflb sfd To:tf bf]ifsf] klxf . @= kykx]h . af aGb]h gf) [af aGb]h] h
dgsf] ;Iffsf lglDt jf a:tefp k:g glbg cfjZos Joj:yf;lxt af cflb nufpg] sfd 5]syg
. af af lqm) lj) [af af] k6sk6s jfjf afDaf kgMkgM . afaafa] gf) [af
. afDaf lqm) lj) k6s}lkR5] nuftf afaf . aff! gf) [;+) j6s] df;, duL cflbsf] kL7
f Kjfn kf] kmf}nfsf 9fFrfn] l3pt]ndf ksfOg] uf]nf] afSnf] f]6L . aff@ gf) [af cf]
sf, tl:a, P]gf cflbsf] rf}sf]; k|m ]d . aff# gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] dWodf~rn ljsf;If]qle
q kg]{ gffo0fL c~rnsf] Ps lhNnf . affaf gf) [af\ cf af\] != k:kdf Psn] 5f]Psf]
904

csf{n] gvfg] jf kfgL, cfjthfjt cflb afg]{ sfd . @= wdfwd afg]{ sfd afa] ug]{ cj:yf
. aflg s) lqm) [af\ O g] afg]{ sfd ulg af nfOg . afL gf) [;+) afl6sf > k|f) jfl
fvfafnL dfq nfUg] cfafbL hUuf kfvf] hUuf . @= au}Frf jfl6sf . af?taf?b gf) [t) aft]
uGws, ;f]8f sf]Onfsf] w"nf] ld;fP agfOPsf] lj:kmf]6s kbfy{ . vfgf gf) af?b agfpg]
cyjf fVg] 3 . af?n] lj) [af?nf] P] af?nfsf 9fFrfsf] jf af?nf];DaGwL af?nfsf] h:tf] . ~
sDd gf) af?nfsf] h:tf] r6Ss l5g]sf] fd|f] sDd . af?nf] gf) [;+) j6f] cl\ufnsf hfts
gf] lrNg] sLf]ljz]if . af]! gf) of]) [kmf) af] != ljifodf k|;\u jf ;DaGwdf . (pbf) o
d}n] s]xL ;f]r]s} 5}g .) gf) @= ljifo ;DaGw . (pbf) s] af]sf] sfd xf] tkfO{+sf] <)
. #= lj) jf;DaGwL (cfOtaf], dnaf]) . af]@ gf) :yfggfd . af]dHhf gf) [afx ] dHhf]
gf, ehf cflb ljleGg j:t ldnfO{ sfutdf ;f]tf] kfL xflnPsf] vfg]sf] rgfr6k6] . afb{n
L gf) [kmf) aff bL] 3sf] 5fgfdlg uff]eGbf aflxkl lgsfn] 8G8L, ]ln cflbn] aflPsf]
lsl;dsf] ahf{ . aflg{;afg]; { gf) [c\) jflgz] != hf]ufpg 6Nsfpgsf lglDt sf7, kmnfd
, 5fnf cflbdf nufOg] f]ug . @= \uf]ugdf ldnfOg] Ps k|sfsf] lrNnf] 6nsbf t]n . afx| g
[k|f) afx] != b; bO{sf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof !@sf] c\s . lj) @= Tolt ;\Vofsf] . v
:j tyf cg:jf lj;u{oS  t bO{ :j;d]tsf dfqf ldn] aGg] s, sf cflb Jo~hgj0f{sf afx|a
fx| cIfsf] ;dbfo ;fpFcIf afvL . ~ 7sfO{ gf) afx| yL . kf]n gf) wfgL{k|0ffnL
8L tf}n . ~ axQ gf) ;w}F rf8 cflbsf] lgxF kf] 6fg{ ulg] sf rf8af8sf] lbg . ~ la;
O{ ;o rfnL; . ~ duft gf) g]kfndf klxn] duxsf] a;f]af; ePsf] afx| :yfgnfO{ ;+oS  t k
n] eGg] gfd (;txF, k}oF, eLsf]6, 9f], uxf}F, ll;, l3l, uNdL, c3f{, vfFrL, d;Lsf]
:df) . df; gf) != jif{ lbgel . @= ;bfsfn . df;f gf) afx| dlxgf jf tL dlxgfsf] aofg
n]lvPsf] sljtf . df;] lj) != afx|} dlxgf kmNg] jf kmNg] -kmnk"mn_ . @= a}nf ePsL
a/fFl7PsL . gf) #= afx|} dlxgfsf] k|fs[lts j0f{g ul/Psf] sljtf . $= cj}wflgs jf
rf]/ hjf To:t} aGb]h

905

afx{:kToafn a|Xdrf/L axfnluL . afn uf]kfn gf) != afns s[i0f . @= kljfsf s]6fs]6L . af
n u|lGy gf) [;+)] afNofj:yfdf a9\g,] t?0ffj:yfdf p:t} xg] j[4fj:yfdf 36\b} hfg], 5
ftLsf] dWo :yfgdf x]sf] u|lGy (OlGb|o) . afn u|x gf) [;+)] afnsxnfO{ bMv lbg] jf f]
u k}bf ufpg] lkzfr . afn 3 gf) [afn 3] 6x  f afnaflnsfxnfO{ kfngkf]if0f cflb u]
yfno . afn rGb| gf) [;+)] != ltLofsf rGb|df . @= cf}F;Lkl5sf] k|ltkbfb]lv bzdL;Dds
f rGb|df . afnr gf) [;+)] != afnsxnfO{ ;Rrlqtf, :jfjnDag, ;]jfefjgf Jofofd l;sfpg] ;
}lgs 9fFrfsf] lzIff . @= To:tf] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ jf u|x0f ug]{ JolQm . afn rof{ g
f) [;+)] != afnsxff ulg] jf pgLxnfO{ ufOg] b}lgs s[To . @= afnsxsf] :ofxf;Def lz
n58 gf) af:gf ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] jg:klt . afnl6g gf)x]) aflN6g . afnt gf) [kmf) afnf t\
3f]8fsf] sf7Ldf k6f s:g] jf hl8g] 5fnf . afntGq gf) [;+)] afnsxsf] nfngkfng, x]ljrf u
]{ k|lqmof wfqLsd{ . afntf]8 gf) [afn tf]8] f}Fsf hfsf] ljsfaf6 jf ;f] hfdf cf3ft kgf
lg:sg] vl6f]ljz]if . afntf]L gf) [afn tf]L] sfntf]Lsf eGbf ;]v} ;fgf u]8f sf];f klg
g} xg] Ps hftsf] tf]L . afn lbj; gf) [;+)] k|ltjif{ g]kfndf dgfOg] afnaflnsfxsf] fl
i6o kj{ . afng gf) [;+)] ljz]if wfld{s kj{ cflbdf Ps hgfn] e6fpg] ;fd"lxs kdf cn] :j
dnfpg] uL ufOg] fd, s[i0f cflb b]jtfsf] rlqufyf afng . afn kf]yf | ] gf) [afn kf]y|f]
] != ;fgf]ltgf] af]6 jf la?jf afns la?jf . @= cfkm}n F ] :ofxfgk { g]{ ;fgf] aRr
f afnfkf]yL . afnkf]ifafnkf]; gf) [;+) afnkf]if] afnsxnfO{ kf]if nfUg] ulnof] cf}ifw
L ki6sfL . afn aRrf gf) [afn aRrf] != afns 5f]f5f]L s]6fs]6L . @= hxfgkljf ;Gtf
fn af]nL gf) [afn af]nL] afnsxsf] af]nL . afn a|XdrfL gf) [;+)] != afNofj:yfb]lv g} a|
Xdro{df x]sf] JolQm . @= cl3 lb\nfdf ;+:s[t kf7zfnf :yflkt uL g]kfndf lzIffk|rf ug{ d
xjk"0f{ of]ubfg lbg] afnfif8fgGbsf] kbjL . :qL) afna|Xdrfl0fL .

ul/Psf] v]n jf hjf v]Ng] JolSt hjf8] . %= afx|} dlxgf kmNg], k|foM sn]hL sf], tL
gsg] Ps hftsf] k"mn . ^= afx|} dlxgfdf ufOg] Ps k|sfsf] uLt . df;] cv8f gf) afx|df;
]x hDdf eO{ hjf v]Ng] 7fpF rf]hjfsf] vfn . ~ ;QL lj) cg]s lsl;dsf] jf cf]nLcf]nLsf]
(sf, uGyg O)) w]} klkf7 ldnfPsf] . ~ ;QfO; lj) rflxFbf]grflxFbf] afx|;QL . ~ l;\u
nfdfnfdf xfFufbf l; xg] Ps hftsf] d[u hfof] . ~ xhf gf) blgofF hgtf (lbJo)) . (kl
f]vf fHoe afx| xhf 3 dflgPsfn] kl5;Dd of] zAb ;Dk"0f{ hgtfsf] af]w ufpg k|oS  t xGY
f]) . afx{:kTo lj) [;+)] != a[x:klt;DaGwL a[x:kltff xg] jf ulg] a[x:kltsf] . @= a[x:
ltff k|jlt{t dflgPsf] ef}ltsjfbL ;Dk|bfo jf To;df nfUg] lzio . #= ul0ft Hof]ltifdf
;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps . $= kio gIfq . afx|fd:6 gf) v;afxgsf snfog v;fgL b]jtf . afx|f}
F lj) [afx| cf}F] != afx| ;\VofnfO{ k"f ug]{ afx| ;\Vofsf] . gf) @= d]sf afx| lbgdf u
sd{ . afn\g ;) lqm) [an\ g] != bfpf, sf]Onf, aQL cflb aNg] ufpg hnfpg ;Nsfpg . @
jfnf lgsfNg bGsfpg . afn gf) [;+)] != ;fx} ;fgf] pd]sf] JolQm s]6fs]6L gfgL afns .
skfn s]z f}F . #= uxF, hf} cflbsf] em; . lj) $= pd] gkus ] f] jf sd pd]sf] ev{ p
sf] jf hGd]sf] -h:tf]afnkf]y|f], afn;"o{ cflb_ . %= cghfg gf;dem . afn cd[t gf) [;+
)] x]) afnfd[t . afns gf) [;+)] != s]6fs]6L aRrf gfgL lzz afnv . @= 5f]f] kq . #=
fg dfG5] d"v{ jf gf;dem JolQm . afns7L gf) [g]jf) ansyL] nufsf] tfg nfpFbf wfufsf
aLraLrdf 3;flg] emLgf] n6\7Lh:tf] ;fdfg . afnskg gf) [afns kg] afns xgfsf] efj jf
cj:yf s]6fs]6Lkg . @= a]aemSofOF . afn sdfgL gf) [afn sdfgL] f}h F :tf] dl;g tfff a
f], lgGt xlNnP 38L 7Ls;Fu rnfpg] sdfgL . afn sf08 gf) [;+)] fdfo0fdf fdsf] hGd tyf af
nLnfsf] j0f{g ePsf] klxnf] sf08 jf efu . afnsfn gf) [;+)] afnssf] cj:yf afNofj:yf
. afnsdfL gf) cFuh ]| Ldf d}8g ] x]o l6 elgg] ;+;fd} Hofb} sd kfOg] bn{e hftsf] de
nf vfnsf] v . afns]ln gf) s]6fs]6Lsf] v]naf8 . afnsf]if gf) [;+)] afnsxsf] ;fdflhs s
Nof0f tyf pGgltsf lglDt :yfkgf ulg] sf]if . afnluL lj) [axfn luL] axfndf lng]lbg] ulP
jf To:t} sg} sfdsf nflu ;fk6 NofOPsf] (j:t) ef8fjfn

afnef]uafnf] afnef]u gf) [;+)] != laxfga]nsf afns[i0fnfO{ r9fOg] g}j]B . @= afnsxsf

] ef]Ho kbfy{ . afn dlGb gf) [;+)] ljz]iftM c;xfo afnaflnsfxsf] lzIffbLIff dgf]ljgf
]b;d]tsf] ljrf uL pgLxnfO{ ;xL dfu{df n}hfg ;xof]u ug]{ :yfg jf 3 . afn f]u gf) [;+)]
k|foM afnsxnfO{ nfUg] f]u afnu|xff pTkGg xg] f]u . ~ ljz]if1 gf) afnf]usf af]df l
fg k|fKt u]sf] JolQm tT;DaGwL pkrf ug]{ lrlsT;s . afnj gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifsf k~rf\udWo
] s0fsf] Ps e]b . afn jw gf) [;+)] ljgfs; afns dfg]{ sfd afnxTof . afnljsnf\u gf) [;
)] le6fldg 8Lsf] sdLaf6 5 dlxgfb]lv bO{ jif{;Ddsf afnsxsf] xf8 7"nf] jf ljk eP sdhf]
g] f]u . afn ljsf; gf) [;+)] afnssf] zfLls, dfgl;s, af}l4s, ;f+jl] us cflbsf] ljsf;
k|lqmof . afn ljwjf gf) [;+)] afnssfnd} ljjfx eO{ klt d]sL :qL afNofj:yfd} ljwjf eP
sL :qL . afn ljjfx gf) [;+)] s]6f s]6Lsf] pd] gkUb} ulg] u}sfggL lax] . afn ;\u7g
) [;+)] afnaflnsxsf] zfLls, af}l4s dfgl;s ljsf;sf ;fy} pgLxdf b]zk|d ] sf] efjgf hfu
[t ufO{ c;n gfuls agfpg] p2]Zosf lglDt ul7t ;+:yf afnsxsf] pGglt jf xslxtsf] ;Iffsf
glDt v8f ePsf] ;\3 . afn ;\uftL gf) [;+) afn ;\uftL] afnssfnb]lvsf] ;fyL afNofjf:yfsf]
;fyL . afn;flxTo gf) != afnsn] k9\g ;Sg] ;flxTo . @= afnlxtsfL ;flxTo . afn ;"o{ gf)
[;+)] pbfpg nfu]sf] jf ev{} pbfPsf] ;"o{ afnf?0f . afnf! gf) [;+) jno] :jf:gLdflg;
xn] gfLdf nfpg] ;grfFbLsf] rf . afnf@ gf) [;+)] != ;f]x|;q jif{;DdsL jf h:jnf xg]
j:yfsL :qL gjojtL lszf]L s]6L . @= kqL sGof aflnsf . #= kTgL efof{ lk|otdf . $= a
. u? gf) { L cl3 lb\nf dxfljBfno rnfpg] u? (if8fgGb) . rtbz gf) d\l; s[i0fkIfsf
tb{zL ;b\dL 5g]{ rtb{zL . Ho" gf) sf7df8f}Fsf] pQklZrddf x]sf] afO; wff ePsf] Ps
y{ jf d0fLo :yfg . 8f\u|] gf) afNofj:yfb]lv g} emfkms ug{ yfn]sf] jf b]ptf r9]sf] w
fdL . blb|L gf) hGd}b]lvsf bMvL s]6fs]6L ;;fgf w]} 5f]f5f]L . kg gf) != arkg .
]kg tf?0o . cJo) #= nf]suLtdf k]d | Lk|l] dsfn] cfkm;df Psn]
906

csf{nfO{ ksfg]{ zAb lk|o, ojs jf ojtL . (pbf) d]f afnfkg hfG5 geg) . kf]yL gf) ;
fgf s]6fs]6L . afnfd[t gf) [;+)] afnlxtsf/L cf]vtL . aflnsf gf) [;+)] != slnnf] pd
]sL :qL ;fgL s]6L aRrL . @= sdfL sGof kqL 5f]L . aflnu lj) [c)] != afNofj:yf kf
g . @= ;+ljwfgn] lbg] dtflwsfsf lglDt pd] kus ] f] jo:s . aflng s) lqm) [afn\ O g] a
Ng] sfd ulg ;NsfOg . aflnd gf) kx]Fnf] \usf] Ps hftsf] afd df5f] . afln:6 gf) [kmf)
aflnz] c8];f nfUg agfOPsf] 7"nf] tlsof . afln:6 gf) [c\) afl:6] dflyNnf] txdf ax; ug]
{ clwsfk|fKt jlsn clwjStf . afnL gf) != v]tafLdf pAh]sf] cGg s[lifpkh v]tL . @= df]xL
] tlN; jf ;sfnfO{ aemfpg] ltf] st kf]t . #= klxn]sf] rngdf Ps lsl;dsf] hUufs . $=
f sdfpg], l;pg], sfdL, bdfO{ cflbnfO{ lbgkg]{ jif{elsf] cGgsf] efu . ~ hfg 6) s
fd u]sf] jf sdfOsf] jif{ laTg . (h:tf] snjf uf]? rf afnL uof], sfn] uf]? bO{ afn
L dfq uPsf] 5) . ~ f]Ssf khL{ gf) emu8f k]sf] hUufsf] afnL d2f gl5lgP;Dd f]Ssf ug{
sf lglDt cfn] n]Vg] sfut . gfnL gf) v]tafLdf nufOPsf] afnL wfg, ds} cflbsf] v]tL afn
a?jf . ~ egf{ gf) f0ffzf;gdf kN6lgof pRr bhf{sf s]xL hjfgxnfO{ tnasf kdf cfo:tf vfg
kfpg] uL lbOPsf] hUuf . ~ la?jf gf) v]tafLdf nufOPsf] afnL afnLgfnL . ~ lj1fg gf) afn
LgfnLsf ljifodf j}1flgs lsl;dn] ulg] ljz]if cWoog jf cGj]if0fsf] ljBf . ~ xg  6
) kzxsf] ue{ xg . afnsf gf) [;+)] afnjf kTysf] r"0f{ . ~ oGq gf) kff], ;j0f{ cf
e:d agfpFbf jf kff]sf] z4Ls0f ubf{ k|of]udf NofOg] oGq . ~ :t"k gf) d?e"lddf jfon
] ykf]sf] afnjfsf] l9:sf] . afnrL gf) [afnr (:yfg) O{] Ps hftsf] c;n ufFhf . afng
gf)x]) afng . afnah  { gf) [;+) afnsf kmf) aLb] vf]nfn] 5f8]sf 7fpFsf] anf}6] h
Uuf jf au vf]nfn] aufP NofPsf] afnjf, kfFuf] cflb ylk|Psf] hUuf . afnjf gf) [;+)
afnsf] ljz]iftM ;db| jf gbLsf 5]p5fpdf d?e"ldxb F f] xg] df6f]ljgfsf 9u \ fs
f ldxLg s0fsf] ;d"x afnsf ]t . sf] 3 gf) gl6Sg] jf sRrf sfd . afn;fxL gf) [lx) af
fxL] l3pdf ksfP kfudf 8afO{ tof kflg], d}bfsf] Ps lsl;dsf] ld7fO{ . afnf] gf) [;+)
afn] != wfg, uxF cflbsf] em; cflb;lxtsf]

907

aflN6gafN6LafxgL af:;f gf) [kmf) afbzfx] x]) afbzfx . F f;Ddsf] efu jf afxfF gf) [;
+) afx] != sdb]lv xftsf cf}n km]f] xft ehf . @= 5fgfdf anf] fVg] 7fpF . s6]s] g
]6fs]6Ln] 58\s] lxsf{P v]Ng] Ps lsl;dsf] v]n . @= bj} afxfFn] kfgL sf6] kf}8g] rf
n . #= afFs6] (ef]6f]) . hf]L gf) != ldt]L hgfpFbf jf cfTdLotf k|blz{t ubf{ cFufnf]
dfg]{ sfd c\sdfn cfln\ug . @= dNno4 s:tL . el lj) k"} Ps afxfF . afxfg gf) [;
vfg]sfsf] Ps k6ssf] kfs . @= vfg] jf ksfpg] k6s rf]l6 . > afxfg] lj) klxnf]kN6 afx]s
sf kfssf] bf];|f]t];|f] k6sdf ksfOPsf] . aflxs gf) of])lqm) lj) [;+) afx]s] x]) afx
]s (pbf) r0f\ aflxs\ Ps\ l5g\ klg xg tfk\ xG5 dgdf . efgeSt) . aflx8f lj) [ aflx8f
] != ;sfeGbf aflxsf] aflxlof (lbJo)) . @= u}sfggL vf]6f] sLt]{ (6s, 5fk, nfndf]x
aflx gf) of]) [;+) afXo] != sg} :yfg, ;Ldf, cj:yf, lgod cflbb]lv k jf cnu leqb]lv af
x]s aflx8f] (k) g])) . @= cGo :yfgdf csf]{ ufpF, ;x, lhNnf jf b]zdf . gf) #= sg} lgo
t 7fpFsf] aflxL efu . lj) $= cnu leGg . kf6f] gf) aflxaflx} xg] sfd lgsfnfjf; .
] gf) of]) ;x jf a:tLb]lv aflx sfF7xFbf] aflxlt . > aflxlg c) lqm) aflx lg:sg
aflxlof lj) != aflxsf] aflxL . @= 3fo;LeGbf a]Unf] krqmL ljb]zL . aflxL lj) [af
jf aflxsf] aflxlof . ~ kft gf) aflxsf] efu . > aflxofO gf) aflxlg] sfd jf lsl;d . a
g k|]) lqm) aflxlg nfpg . afxLF gf) [afxfF O{] ;g rfFbL cflbsf] rfljz]if afOF afn
afx gf) [;+)] != afxnL xft ehf . @= kfvf] . afxg gf) [;+) a|fXd0f] cfo{xsf rf
{dWo] Ps a|fXd0f . ~ rL gf) hhdfgL j[lQdf nfu]sf] bofkfq afxg jf bMvL, ;Lwf lgbf]
i { f a|fXd0f . bfh gf) kmk"sf] cfk"meGbf h]7f] 5f]/f] -k/f]lxt xg] xFbf /x]
sf] gfd_ . afh] gf) afxgnfO{ af]nfOg] zAb . efO gf) kmk"sf] cfk"meGbf sfG5f] 5f]f
] . afxgL gf) [afxg O{] != afxgsf] :qLln\uL zAb afxg hftsL cfOdfO{ afxgsL :jf:gL
. lj) @= kljq fd|f] lgLx . ~ sf7 gf) afxgLnxf]sf] sf7 . ~ rL gf) afxgrL . ~ rf]
vf]nfsf] lsgfdf a:g], kv]6fdf sfnf] ;]tf] ldl;Psf] uf}FynLhqf] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~
aHo} gf) afxgLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb afxgafh]sf]

kmnuR5 . @= ;Gtfg afns aRrf] . aflN6gafN6L gf) [c) as]6 l6g6L] ;dfTg] 7"nf] s8f nfu]
, ;f]nLsf 9fFrfsf] l6g, h:tf, lkQn cflbsf] efF8f] afnl6g . afNt]nL zfvf gf) [c\) al
N6s ;+) zfvf] eff]kn ] L efiff kljfsf afNt:nfe]nL jf n]xf]:nfe]nL zfvfsf bO{ ju{dWo]
Ps . afNo gf) [;+)] != afnssf] efj afnsdf xg] u0f tyf kg s]6f}nL n8skg . @= c1fg . l
j) #= afns;DaGwL afnssfnsf] afnssf] h:tf] (afNocj:yf, afNosfn, jfNo:jefj O)) . > a
fNofj:yf gf) != ;f]x| jif{ gku; ] Ddsf] cj:yf afnssfn . @= afnskg . afik gf) [;+)]
!= afkm . @= cfF; . af;\g c) lqm) [;+) afz g] svf], ltqf cflb rf k|x k|xdf sf
]Ng . af; gf) [;+) jf;] a:g] 7fpF jf 3 lgjf; jf; . af;s gf) [;+) jf;s] w;n { sf] h
:tf] cfsf ePsf], lrNnf kft xg], ulnof] ; ePsf], ;]tf k"mn kmNg] cfoj]{bL cjn]xc
f}ifwLx agfOg] Ps af]6 c;f] . af;lcf}Faf;lof}F lj) [k|f) af;6\7L cf}Fof}] af;L ;
fsf qmddf af;6\7L ;\Vofdf kg]{ . af;6\7L gf) [k|f) af;l] ;f7L bO{sf] of]un] aGg] ;\
Vof ao;L . > af;6\7Lcf}Faf;6\7Lof}F lj) x]) af;lcf}F . ~ x0f gf) lj) ;+) !*^@ ;fndf
ePsf] latf{ . af;g gf) [ af:gf] af:gf jf; . (pbf) OGb|sdn k"mn kmNof] dudu af;g b]z
8Nof] . nf]suLt) . af;dtL gf) [;+) jf; dtL] af:gf cfpg], Ps lsl;dsf] c;n hftsf] w
fg jf To;}sf] rfdn . af;f gf) [;+) jf;] != k:tskl:tsf cflb afFWg] sk8fsf] 6qmf
jf ?dfn a:tf . @= ;tL{ cflb xfNg] a]?jf ;fgf] y}nL . afl;g c) lqm) [af;\ O g] af:g
] sfd xg kIfLx sfOg . afl;Gbf lj) [kmf) afl;Gb] sg} 7fpFdf a;f]af; ug]{ jf To; 7fp
Fsf] lgjf;L }yfg] . afl;labf] gf) lgs} lbg;Dd nuftf kfgL al;{P aLrdf Ps ft x]sf] kfg
] c8fg . af;L gf) [;+) jf;] tof xgl] alQs} pkof]udf gNofO{ csf]{ lbg pkl:yt ulPsf]
w]} ftb]lv Ps ft;Ddsf] kfgf] tfhf gePsf] af; rn]sf] . ~ sf] gf) lat]sf] sf] k
fgL gf) cl3Nnf] lbg NofOPsf] jf flvPsf] kfgL . ~ dv gf) laxfg p7] gwf]OPsf] dv . a
f:gf gf) [;+) jf;] != dL7f] af; ;uGw . @= fd|f] jf lkmFlhPsf] gfpF . bf lj) af:gf c
pg] jf af:gf ePsf] .

afxanlasfO :qLk . ~ nxf] gf) Ps kft csf]{ kft;Fu h]lng], nflDrnf k"mn kmn nfUg], cf
oj]{bsf cg;f hf cfGb|] f]udf k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . afxan gf) [;+)] != kfv
nfpg] zlSt zfLls an . @= k?iffy{ kfqmd . afxo4  gf) [;+)] != c:qz:qljgf nl8g] n8f
F xftxft}sf] hwfO . @= k:kdf xg] s:tL jf kxndfgL dNno4 . afxnL gf) [;+) afx] !=
/afl/of ;Ddfgsf] af]nLdf kfvf] jf xft . @= tftf efF8f ;dfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] ;gf;f]
. ~ lg;fg gf) afxnLsf] lrXg afxnLsf] 5fk x:tfIf/ . afxnf] gf) [;+) afx] bf}f, rf]
nf], sf]6 cflb cfsf klxgsf], xft k;fpg] vf]nh:tf] efu . afxNo gf) [;+)] w]} xgfsf]
efj jf cj:yf clwstf cflwSo . afx]s gf) of]) [kmf) af c) xs] != sg} j:t, rLh, 7fpF cf
lbaf6 cnu ljgf l;jfo . lj) @= cnfO{ 5fOPsf] cltlSt leGg . lqm) lj) #= cnu u] 5f
[;+)] != sg} klg j:t jf sfeGbf aflx kg]{ aflxklsf efusf] aflxL . @= pklof k[ys
f) k|f0fLsf zLsf] aflxL efusf 5fnfdf x]sf] tGt . ~ kLIff gf) vf; lzIf0f;+:yfsf] f]
eO{ :jtGq kdf ;~rflnt Pj+ lgolGqt xg] pQkl:tsf hfFRg] tyf kLIffkmn k|sflzt ug]{ s
fd klg ug]{ kLIff . ~ j[lQ gf) aflxL sf] jf ef}lts ljifodf nfu]sf] dgsf] l:ylt hLjg r
fpg ulg] aflxL sfd jf k];f . ~ ;]jf gf) aflxL b]zlt ulg] xjfO{p8fg cflb;DaGwL sfdsf]
jf . > afXo]lGb|o gf) aflxL ljifox ef]Ug] jf ltgsf] cgej ug]{ cfFvf, sfg, gfs, lhe
|f] 5fnf oL OlGb|o . afXof]GdvL lj) s]Gb|af6 5lP aflxlt/ hfg vf]Hg] aflxkl kms]
la k") ;) [;+) lj] zAbsf] cufl8 hf]lP ljkLttf, leGgtf, k|ltsntf, clwstf, qmd, kljt{g,
lgif]w cflb cy{ aemfpg] k"j; { u{ (lar]t, lahf]u, la5f]8 O)) . laFul7g c) lqm)
[laFu7f] O g] sg} sfdsfdf 6]9f] xg afpFl6g lalelG8g ladl7g . laFu7] lj) [laFu7
u7f] . laFu7f] lj) [;+) ljsl07t] a]dn ] sf] sf ug]{ afpF6f] laFu7fxf lad7f] . > laF
) laFul7g] lqmof jf k|lqmof vf]t] lgxF lad7fO . lau7fx6 gf) laFul7g] efj, l:ylt jf l
mofk|lqmof . laFu7fxf lj) laFul7g] :jefjsf] a]dn ] sf] afpF6f] . laFuf] gf) [;+) j[]
!= xfFufaf6 lg:s]sf] csf]{ ;fgf] xfFuf] lemFhf] . @= afwf jf c8\sf] 5]sf] la\uf] . #
= lgxF vf]t] . laF8 gf) [k|f) la+6 < j[Gt] vsL, tjf cflb xltofsf]
908

;dfpg ;lhnf] xg] uL km]bdf xflnPsf] sf7, l; cflb j:t xltofsf] ;dfTg] 7fpF jf d"7 .
(pbf) laF8 tft] s] ug{, tfKs] tft] kf] xG5 . pvfg) . laF8f gf) [laF8f]] a:g xg]
uL algPsf] kfn cflbsf] rs6L . laF8fNg] lj) [ laF8] laF8 ePsf] laF8 xflnPsf] . ] agf
OPsf], laF8L gf) [;+) jL6L] w"jfF vfg kftdf ;tL{ nk]6 km]blt ;fg ePsf] lvNnL la8L
. laF8f] gf) [;+) j[Gt] != lktfkvf{sf] OHht jf k|lti7f . @= rfFbtf]8fljgfsf] kuL .
#= kbjL dfg . $= ufu|f, ofDkf cflbsf kLFwdf xflng] 3fF;, kfn cflbsf] rSsf . %= d"n
7]sf] . ^= sfutsf] sf]L . lapF gf) [ aLp] rfdndf ldl;P x]sf] wfg . lap gf) [;+) aLh]
!= f]Kg jf 5g{ flvPsf] cGg aLh lahg . @= wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] pv]n ] f]Kg flvPsf] la?
. #= lahgsf nflu g;dL flvPsf] af]sf], fFuf], ;fF9] cflb . $= cfufsf] ;fgf] lkmln\uf
] . %= bxLsf] hf]g . ^= jLo{ . &= sf0f x]t . kfFh ] gf) wfgsf] Aof8df sfd ug]{ JolS
t Aof8] . (lap lhp fv] sfd nfU5 pvfg) . lapFemg c) lqm) [k|f) lapemO g] != lgb|f
 hfuf xg lapFtg . @= xf];df cfpg ;r]t xg . > lapFemfO gf) lapFemg] lapFemfpg]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . lapFemfOg s) lqm) lgb|f 56fOg, hufOg . lapFemfpg k|) ] lq
m) lgb|f 56fpg hfuf ufpg . @= ;r]t kfg{ . lapFlemg c) lqm) lapFemg . lapFemf]
!= lgb|f vns ] f] lapFlemPsf] hfuf . @= xf];df x]sf] ;r]t . lapFtg c) lqm) [;+) lja
w \ g] != hfuf xg lapFemg . @= a]xf];Laf6 xf];df cfpg . > lapFtfO gf) lapFtg]
jf lapFtfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . lapFtfOg s) lqm) lapFtg] ufOg a]xf]; cj:yfaf6 xf];df
NofOg . lapFtfpg k|) ] lqm) != lapFemfpg hufpg . @= xf];df Nofpg ;r]t kfg{ .
lapFltg c) lqm) xf]; jf r]tgfdf cfpg lapFltg . lapFtf] lj) lapFltPsf] hfuf lapFem
f] . las\g c) lqm) [;+) ljqmo g] != df]n lnP dfn laqmL xg a]lrg . @= sg} hflu, J
f jf sfddf pkoSt xg . #= lax] ug{ kTofOg . $= gfddf sn\s nfUg . las6 gf) [c\) l
ks]6] rf], abdf; cflbaf6 ;Iff ug{sf lglDt ftdf l;kfxLxn] lbg] kxf . > las6] lj) ftL
a:g] las6 a:g] . lasfO gf) [ las\ ( cfO)] laSg] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] lasfOg s) lqm)
laSg] kflg a]rfOg . lasfp lj) laqmLsf lglDt flvPsf] laqmL ulg] jf laqmL xg] . lasf
g k|]) lqm) != laSg] kfg{, a]rfpg . @= hfludf jf sfddf nufpg . #= lax] ufpg .
;) lqm) $= dfn a]Rg . %=

909

lasftfla\uf] lje"t . > lautL lj) laut jf vfgL sf] . laun gf) [c\) Ao"Un] ;\s]t
flu kms] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] kN6lgofF afhf afR5fO{afhfsf k|sfleq kg],{ kms] ahfOg] af
hfljz]if lasn . > laun ] gf) laun ahfpg] JolSt lasn ahfpg] kN6lgof hjfg . lauf] gf
) [lauf] != s;}n] cglrt lsl;dn] lnPsf] wgdfn jf ;f] wgdfndf bfaL ulPsf] lglZrt sd c
kfw, s; / bf]if;DaGwL dfldnfdf k|efj kfg]{ sg} klg sd . @= grflxFbf] jf gfz xg] ls
l;dsf] sfd lauf lgxF . lauf}tL gf) [;+) ljs jtL{] ev{ laofPsf ufO{e}; F Lsf] b"w ksf
f kmf6] kfgL ;sk ] l5 tof ePsf] sfpgLh:tf] aa] vfg]s f] la3f}tL . lauf}t ] lj
L P] la3f}tLh:tf] cfnf] la3f}tLsf] la3f}t] . ~ cf}nf] gf) kfnjfkftsf 3fF; vfPsf j:ts
] b"w vfFbf nfUg] cf}nf] cfnf] cf}nf] . ~ bw gf) ev{ev{ laofPsf n}g" j:tsf] b"w . l
aUofxf lj) [lauf] ofxf] lauf] ug]{ :jefjsf] pkb|jL . lau|g c) lqm) [;+) ljs[ g] != sg
j:tsf] k, u0f cflbdf sg} k|sfn] ljsf cfpg aafb xg gfz xg ;8\g sxg cflb
gnfUg] xg xflg xg . #= 66km6 jf etfeu \ xg eTsf]; nfUg . $= sg} j:t agfp
g yfNbf rs] jf ghfg] gaGg v] hfg ljkmn xg . %= hflt, wd{, gLlt, p2]Zo cflbaf6 Ro
t xg kltt xg . ^= vfa afgL lng jf cfr0fxLg xg abdf; aGg . &= kf]On hfg af]l
 . *= ue{ txg . > lau|fO gf) lau|g] sfd jf lsl;d . lalu|g  c) lqm) aafb xf]Og
gfl;g lau|g . la3L gf) la3flkR5]sf] lx:;f lauxL . la3f gf) [k|f) laux] hUufhldgsf]
L; sf jf ljZjfsf] gfk t]x| f]kgL kfFr cfgf jf ^&&@=^# ju{ ld6/ hUufsf] kldf0f . la3f
}tL gf)x]) lauf}tL . >la3f}t ] lj) lauf}t] . lag gf) [;+)] != sg} sfddf xg] 7"nf] af
wf jf c8\sfp . lj) @= w]} clt . lqm) lj) #= la5 v"a . sf] lj) 7"nf] fd|f] al9of .
lqm) x]) laFul7g . > la7] lj) laFu7] . la7f] lj) laFu7f] . la7fO gf) laFu7fO . la
laFu7fx6 . la7fxf lj) laFu7fxf . lala gf) [c) d") la (l))] uGw cfpg] jf ugfpg] l
> lalafO lalafpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lalafOg c) lqm) lalafpg] xf]Og ugfOg
) lqm) lala xg ugfpg . la\uf] gf) sg} sf 6fNg], gug]{ jf kG5fpg] lgxF a9fP

abgfdL sdfpg . lasftf gf) [;+) ljqmo] laqmL . ~ kq gf) laqmLsf] k|df0f:jk n]lvPsf]
sfut . lasfd gf) [la sfd] sfd gxg] rfn jf cj:yf a]sfd . > lasfdL lj) != sfd gePsf] l
jgfsfdsf] a]sfdL . @= sfd gnfUg] a]sDdf . lasfd] lj) lasfdL . lalsg c) lqm) [las\ O g
laqmL xf]Og a]lrg . lasn gf)x]) laun . laqmL gf) [;+) ljqmo] != df]n lnP dfn lb
g] sfd a]Rg] sfd . @= ;qmLsf] k"s zAb . ~ s gf) laqmL ulg] dfn;fdfgdf nfUg] lgwf{lt
. ~ e08f gf) pTkflbt j:tsf] laqmLljt0fsf lglDt vf]lnPsf] k;n . ~ ;xfos gf) laqmLe08
fdf ;xfossf kdf sfd ug]{ JolSt . lav gf) [;+) ljif] hx ljif . lav8f] lj) [ laFu7f]]
F6f] laFu7f] . > lav8fOF gf) laFu7\ofO . lav8fxf lj) laFu7\ofxf . lavrL{ lj) [la vr{ O
vr{ ;lsPsf] vr{ gePsf] a]vrL{ . lavfn lj) [;+) ljiffn] lav ePsf] lavn] elPsf] ljifo
St . lavfnf] lj) [lav cfnf]] zLdf lav nfUg] jf ljsf pAhfpg] lavfn . lav] lj) [lav P]
ePsf] lavfn . ~ pGo gf) vf]nfsf] tLlt kfOg], gd kft ePsf] df5f dfg]{ sfddf k|of]u
g] lavfn pGo" . lav]t gf) [;+) ljiffb] ckm;f]; v]b bMv (pbf) p;nfO{ afa d]sf] eGb
f klg efO 5lP uPsf]df lav]t 5 .) . lav]tL gf) ljiffbL ljifoQm . laulautL gf) 5s5s
rsrs . laulaufO gf) [ laulaufp ( cfO)] laulaufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] laulaufpF
bf] gf) laulaufpg] vfnsf] laulauL xg] . laulaufpg c) lqm) [laulauL cfp g] laulauL x
 pkw|f] xg vf]Hg cft\s 5fpg . (pbf) af3 laulaufPsf] yfxf kfP ufpFn]x ;Tg klg ;s]
f 5}gg\) . laulauL lqm) lj) [c) aufjt] sg} j:tsf] rsf]{ pkw|f] cft\ssf] clwstf . la
uxL gf) [laufxf c) x2] sg} hUufhldgsf] la3f, kf]t cflbsf] nut jf la3flkR5]sf] sd la36\
L . lauf gf) [;+) ljsf] != gfd|f sflt ePsf] kljt{g aafbL gfz xflg latn laTof;
gL cflbaf6 pTkGg ePsf] f]u jf bMv . l; lj) != laufg]{ sfd ug]{ lau|g] ljgfzsfL . @
bf; . laut gf) [;+) lje"lt] b]jb]jtfsf gfddf xjg ulPsf] o1s08sf] vfgL hf]uLxn] rGbgs
] ;f6f] nfpg] vfgL

larlahnL elgPsf] sf] axfgf . > la\Uofxf lj) la\uf] nufpg] laFUofxf . lar gf) [k|f
!= sg} If]q, j:t, ;d"x, cfsf cflbsf] dfem dWo efu . @= cGt kms . lqm) lj) #= afx]s
pbf) tLt]kmfkb]lv aLr o; ufpFdf s]xL vfg kfOFbg } .) > larflarlarf]lar lqm) lj) 7Ls
aLrdf dfemfdfemL dfem}dfem . larf] lj) [kmf) a]rf] cfwf gePsf] lg?kfo cgfy 6xf]
rNtL lj) [la rNtL] rNtL gePsf] a]rNtL . larNnL gf) [aLr NnL] != klxn]sf] l:ylt c:tJo:t
O{ csf]{ l:ylt ga;Gh]nsf] cj:yf lalNnaf7 lahf]u bbz { f. @= 7"nf] bMv cfklQ . lar
f gf) != lqmofkqLnfO{ aGwju{sf tkm{af6 vfg lbOg] l;wf ;f 3f]t . @= zf]sdf k]sf Jol
fO{ ;DemfO{ aemfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg] sfd . larf\g [;+) ljrf g] ljrf ug{ dgg ug{ ;f]
larffO gf) larfg]{ sfd jf lsl;d . larflg s) lqm) ljrf ulg . larfL lj) != ljrf u
f) @= ljrfL . lar]t lj) [;+) ljr]t;\] xf]; jf r]tgf gePsf] cr]t a]xf]; la; . laRsg
lqm) [;+) lj lrt\ g] sg} j:t b]v ] jf s;}sf] sfdsf], Jojxf cflbaf6 t;{g 8fP efUg
g bRsg xRsg . > laRsfO gf) laRsg] sfd jf lsl;d . laRsfOg s) lqm) bRsfOg . laRs
fpg k|) ] lqm) laRsg] kfg{ bRsfpg . lalRsg c) lqm) != bRsg xRsg t;{g . @= laRs
g] xf]Og . laRSofO lalRsg] sfd jf lsl;d . laRSofOg s) lqm) lalRsg] kflg . laRSof
pg k|) ] lqm) != lalRsg] kfg{ t;f{pg . ;) lqm) @= laRsfpg bRsfpg . laRSofx6 gf)
lalRsg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof . laRSofxf lj) laRsg] :jefjsf] t;{g] bRsg] . la
R5L! gf) [;+) j[lZrs] k|foM udL{ k|bz ] df kfOg], kR5df xg] 8\sdf s8f ljif xg] Ps
k|sfsf] sLf] . laR5L@ lj) tLvf] al4 ePsf] szfu| rlkrG8fn . laR5s gf) [la 5s] sg
d\un gxg] cj:yf jf ;\s]t ckzsg cnlR5g . (pbf) cfh laxfg}b]lv s] laR5s nfu]sf] xf]
Gg, sg} sfd klg xb F g } ) . > laR5sL lj) cd\unsf] ;"rgf jf ;\s]t lbg] laR5s nufpg
] . la5 lqm) lj) [c) d") la56\ 6 < k|f) la;Ty] != ykf |] jf w]} xg] rfn;Fu cToGt Hof
} . lj) @= crfSnL w]} . #= lgs} lgk0f . :qL) la5sL . la5Gb gf) [;+) laR5Gb] 5Gb gkg
]{ rfn 9\u gldNg] l:ylt . sf] lj) 5Gb jf 9\u gk]sf] 5Gb g aGbsf] .
910

la5fO gf) [ la5fp ( cfO)] la5fpg] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] la5fOg s) lqm) la5fpg] sfd ulg
 . la5fpgf gf)x]) la5\ofpgf . la5fpg ;) lqm) [;+) ljR5fbg cfp g] a:g jf ;Tgsf lglDt
rs6L, uGb|L, f8L cflb lkmFhfpg la5fpg . > lal5g c) lqm) la5fpg] sfd xg . la5f]
8 gf) [;+) lj 56] 5lg] sfd jf l:ylt ljof]u 5ld . la5fO gf) [ la5fp ( cfO)] la5
k|lqmof . [ > ] la5fOg s) lqm) la5fpg] sfd ulg . la5fpg ;)lqm) cf]5\ofpg la5fp
la5fpgf gf) [;+) ljR5fbg] ;sn, f8L, 8:gf, nDk6 cflb la5fpg] j:t cf]5fg la5fpgfla
la5fpg] gf) [la5fpgf P] != la5fpg] j:t cf]5fg la5f}gf . @= la5fpg] sfd ug]{ JolSt
. la5f}gf gf) [;+) ljR5fbg] cf]5\ofg la5\ofpgf . lahg gf) [;+) aLh] != ljleGg yLsf aLp
f] ;dbfo aLp . @= kfvf] hUufsf] gfk lng] cfFs8f . ~ hfFr gf) lahgsf cfwfdf ulg] kfv
f] hUufsf] gfkhfFr . laho;flaho;fn gf) ;fns} h:tf kft xg,] sf7sf] srf}f, lunf; cflb
agfOg], sf08df 3fp nfUbf uth:tf] rf]a lg:sg] Ps hftsf] zfnj[If . lahfOF gf) [kmf)
a]hf] != cnfO{ bMv lbg] jf dsf{ kfg]{ lsl;dn] ulg] lauf] pkb|j c3]{NofOF . @= ug{
gxg] jf cnfO{ clxt xg] sfd cGofo cTofrf . ~ laBt \ gf) cnfO{ ldRg] jf xflggf]S;fgL
kofpg] b[li6n] ulg] pkw|f] n6lk6, x"nb\uf cflb . lahft gf) [la hft] != kDkfut kdf
DtL egL dflgPsf] hft ;fgf] hft . @= Psaf6 csf]{ leGg leGg hft . > lahftL lj) lahfts
f] ljhftLo . lahfkL gf) [lahf kL] sf]6, kfOG6 cflb l;pFbf uf]n cfsfsf agfpg ;Lwf
k|of]u ulg], bj}lt wftsf] rRrf] lgsflnPsf], tLgb]lv 5 lkm6;Ddsf], km6h:tf] sf7
sf] cf}hf . lahnL gf) [;+) ljBt] \ != afbn nfu]sf] a]nf cfsfzdf lemlnSs rDsg] k|
sfz ;f}bfldgL . @= j}1flgs k|0ffnLn] pTkGg ulg] k|sfz tfk ePsf] tyf cfsif{0f cksif
{0f;d]t ug]{ k|l;4 zlSt ljBt\ . lj) #= cf}wL l56f] rnfv rlDsnf] . ~ c8\8f gf) lahn
Lsf] h8fg, ljt0f cflb zNssf] p7tLk7tL;DaGwL sfd ug]{ cf ljBt\ ;+:yfg xfnsf] ljBt
k|flws0f . sfGt] lj) cf}wL af7f] rgfvf] lahn] . ~ uft gf) fhfdxffhfsf] cufl8 k
] ;]gfsf] 6f]nL . ~ 3 gf) lahnL k}bf ug]{

911

lahnf]laQ] bfpf, 3fF;, kfn cflbsf] d7f] . la6f]n\g ;)lqm)x]) la6Ng . > la6f]nfO
f) la6nfO . la6f]lng s) lqm) [la6nf] O g] la6nf] kflg . la7fOF gf) [a]7fs ofOF]
7fs gldNg] sfd 8fsf] . la8f gf) [;+) jLl6sf] laf lvNnL . la8fn gf) [;+)] lafnf] . >
nfIf lj) lafnfsf h:tf cfFvf xg] slx] . la8L gf)x]) laF8L . la8f] gf) [;+) aL6L] tj
sL leg{ sDddf afFlwg] k]6L, ?dfn cflb . la9\u gf) [la 9\u] != 9\u jf ;Lk gxg] l:yl
, tlsf cflb gldNg] rfn . @= d]n gxg] cj:yf a]d]n a]9a . > la9\uL lj) != 9\u gldn]sf]
a9\usf] . @= pN6f] rfnsf] Psf]xf]f] cgf}7f] . la9\Uofxf lj) la9\usf] a]9\uL . la9
]) la9\u . lat\g c) lqm) [;+) jLt g] != a]nf 3s{g ;do uh|g laofFnf] xg ca] x
{ . @= cfkt\ cfOnfUg laTof; kg{ . #= d[To xg dg{ . $= aafb xg gfl;g . latf l
) [;+) lj :t] xg]a:g] 7fpF7x gePsf] layft . latn gf) [ latna] ltf] gnfUg] latf{ (l
atna lj) [la tna] gub tna glng] jf gkfOg] ltf]ef] gnfUg] jf ;a} sd ldgfxf ePsf] . ~ la
f{ gf) != sfd jf ;]jf ubf{ tnasf] ;fdf kfPsf] latf{ . @= ;sfnfO{ ltf]ef] ug{ gkg]{ j
;f] ldgfxf ePsf] hUuf . latfO gf) [ lat\ ( cfO)] != laTg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [latfp c
fO] @= latfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] latfOg s) lqm) j]nf 3sf{Og ;do uhflg .
latfpg k|) ] lqm) != laTg] kfg{ j]nf 3sf{pg . @= laTof; kfg{ aafb ug{ . #= dfg
{ . laltg c) lqm) != ;do ulh|g . @= ;lsg . latf]8 gf) [la tf]8] 7"nf] j]u a]tf]8
. latf]n gf) [;+) ljtng] != sfddf tndfly, tnljtn, uf]ndfn jf etfeu \ xg] l:ylt l
jtn . @= aafbL laTof; . laQf gf) [;+) ljtl:t] != kGhf km}nfpFbf a"9Lcf}Fnfsf] 6Kkf
b]lv sfG5Lcf}n F fsf] 6Kkf;Ddsf] ndfO Ps xftsf] cfwf efu . @= zlSt atf (pbf) laQf
n] e]6];Dd of] sfd u?Fnf) . e lqm) lj) != Ps} l5g klg ;s];Dd . @= Ps laQfhlt . lalQ
s} lqm) lj) [lat\ Os}] sfd ;lsgf;fy nuQ} t?Gt} ;fy} . laQ] lj) [laQf P] != Ps laQf gf
sf] Ps laQf nfdf] laQfelsf] . @= ;fx|} xf]rf] k8\sf] .

7fpF jf 3 (kfj xfp;) . ~ afxg tGtftGtL kUg], ] lj) lxF8\bf, sfd ubf{ sfd ug]{ Ho
af7f] . > lahn sf ubf{ ;fx|} l56f] lahnLh:tf] lahnLsfGt] . lahnf] gf) [ lah pnf
Gtnf, rfS;L cflb kmnsf s];|fleq xg] l;nf] bfgf jf sf]z . lahjf! gf) [ln)] fO{, ofVv
f cflb lsftL hfltsf] k]t fO{ hfltsf] emfqmL . lahjf@ gf) [ aLh pjf] laHh" (cfFk) .
f]slahf]u gf) [;+) ljof]u] bogLo l:ylt bMvnfUbf] cj:yf laNnaf7 larNnL . > lahf]sLlah
]uL lj) lahf]s ePsf] lahf]s b]vfpg] . lahf]8f lj) [la hf]8f] hf]8f gePsf] hf]8f gldn]s
f] cuNrf] . lahf] lj) [la hf]] hf] gePsf] ;d;\Vofb]lv leGg ljifd . laHh lj) [;+)
aLh jf lahgaf6} la?jf xss {] f] af]6df kmn]km  n]sf] sndL gnufOPsf] . gf) @= To
:tf] af]6 jf j[Ifdf kmn]sf] cfFk cflb kmn . laem\g c) lqm) [;+) lj4 g] != zLdf sfF8f
, ;Of], 3f]rf] cflb ufl8P kL8f xg 3f]Rg . @= clk|o Jojxf, s8f af]nL cflbaf6 dgdf
gfd|f] nfUg lrQ bVg . > laemfO gf) lag] lqmof jf k|lqmof . laemfOg c) lqm) laemf
pg nfOg r:sfOg . laemfpg ;) lqm) != lag r:sg . k|) ] lqm) @= lag] kfg{ 3f]rfpg
:sfpg . lalemg c) lqm) lag] sfd xf]Og sfF8f] cflb ul8g . la6! gf) [;+) j[Q] efF8
fsf] dvdf aflxkl kms]s { f] rf}tkmL{ 3]f] sg} j:tsf 5]psf] af6nf] 3]f] . la6@ [c
g;xeflutfaf6 ;xL If]qdf ag]sf k|xLsf ;;fgf rf}sL . la6u \ f] lj) [la 6u \ f]] 6u
gnfUg] jf 6u \ f] gnfu]sf] a]7u ] fgsf] a]6  u \ f] (pbf) To;} la6u \ f] rfnn] Tox
F s;L hfg] <) . la6n\g ;) lqm) [la6nf] g] != dv h7f] kfg{ yf]} dfq vfg la6f]N
. @= la6nf] kfg{ . > la6nfO{ gf) la6Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . la6lng c) lqm) !=
n;k; jf 5"t5ft xg la6nf] xg . @= h7f] xg ckljq xg . la6nf] lj) [k|f) ljf
lnc] != c;Fusf] 5jf5"t jf n;k;df k]sf] plR5i6 . @= rf]vf] gePsf] cz4 h7f] . > la6
NofO gf) la6Nofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . la6NofOg s) lqm) la6nf] kflg . la6Nofpg
 k|) ] lqm) la6nf] kfg{ la6Ng] jf la6f]Ng] ufpg . la6] lj) [la6f] P] != la6f] ePs
f] la6f]h:tf] . gf) @= wfg cflbsf] la6f afFw] p7fpg] v]tfnf] . la6f] gf) sfFwdf xfn
] jf sfvLdf Rofk] af]Sg 7Ls kflPsf

laQf]laGb laQf] lj) [lat\ tf]] laTg nfu]sf] x8a8Lsf] lau|Fbf] . laTyf lqm) lj) [;+) j
yf] ljgfk|of]hg lagl;lQ l;Q}F Joy}{ . > laTy} lqm) lj) To;} klg l;Q}F Joy}{df . laTkf
gf) [;+) JoTkft] != ;fx|} rnfvL jf a7fOF clt w"tt { f . @= r~rntf rnank ] g . >
laTkftL lj) laTkftsf] laTkft] . laTkft] lj) != ;fx|} rnfv cf}wL rtf] clt w"t{ . @= r
rn afOkmfn] rf}tfn] . laTof; gf) [;+) aTof;] rflxg] sfdsf] geP pN6f] xg] l:ylt aaf
f tndfly latf]n . layn\g ;) lqm) [ layf]n \ g] afwf lbg efF8g \  layf]Ng . >
) afwf f]sfj6 . laynfO gf) layNg] sfd . laynfxf lj) layf]nfxf . laylng c) lqm) x]) l
ayf]lng . layft lj) [la yft] != xg]a:g] 7fpF7]ufg gePsf] yftynf] gePsf] . @= l:ylt jf
Joj:yf gePsf] . layfGsf] gf) [la yfGsf]] yfGsf] jf lylt gePsf] a]lylt;Fu x]sf] . layf
xf gf) [la yfxf] yfxf gxg] jf yfxf gkfpg] l:ylt a]kQf] . lalylt gf) [la lylt] Lltlylt
ldNg] cj:yf a]lylt cJoj:yf . layf]n\g ;) lqm) [;+) lj:yn] efFhL xfNg efF8\g . > la
yf]n gf) layf]nf] ePsf] l:ylt uHdf}lg] sfd . layf]nafyn gf) ;a}lt layf]Ng] sfd htf kl
layf]lnPsf] cj:yf . layf]nfO gf) layf]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . layf]nfxf lj) layf]N
g] sfddf u8a8 kfg]{ . layf]lng c) lqm) layf]nf] xg u8al8g afwf kg{ . layf]nf] gf
) sfddf xg hfg] afwf jf u8a8L f]sfj6 lvrf]nf . layf]NofOF gf) layf]Ng] sfd jf cj:yf
. layf]NofO gf) layf]lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . layf]Nofx6 gf) layf]Ng] efj, l:ylt j
f lqmofk|lqmof . lab\; gf) [ljWj+;] ljgfz ljWj+; pkw|f] . labf gf) [c) labfc] != s;}n
fO{ k|:yfgsf lglDt lbOg] cf1f jf cgdlt . @= sfd u]afkt lgodfg;f kfOg] jf dflug]
cjsfz 5L . #= 5L ePsf] lbg tfltn . $= 56sff dlSt . labfO gf) [labf cfO] != labf
jf xg] sfd . @= labf xg] a]nfdf lbOg] vr{ af6fvr{ . ~ ;dff]x gf) labf lbg] cj;df u
lg] pT;jsf] cfof]hgf . labfafL gf) [labf (l))] labf ug]{ labf xg] sfd labfO . labf]
f) f]lsg] sfd yfldg] cj:yf (h:tf] afl;labf]) . laBt\ lj) [;+) ljBt] \ != ug{ gxg]
jf g;xfpFbf] cglrt (sf) . gf) @= dfsf6 pkw|f] . ~ lahfOF gf) dfsf6
912

lvrf]nf pTkft x]) lahfOFlaBt\ . lawffgL gf) nf]s;+:s[ltsf cg;f k|]ddf a]Odfg ug]{ k
|]dL jf k|]ldsf . lawjf lj) [;+) ljwjf] nf]Ug] d]sL fF8L ljwjf . > lawjL lj) lawjf
. lag\g ;) lqm) [;+) ljr\ g] 5fglag ug{ s]nfOsnfO ug{ s]nfpg 5fGg . lag gf) [;
0ff] ljz]iftM ;k]fn] ahfpg], nfDrf] tDafdf tnlt afF;  Lsf h:tf bO{ gnLdf tLgtLgj6
f Kjfn ePsf] Ps afhf . lagl;lQ lqm) lj) [;+) ljgf l;l4] lagfsfddf l;Q}F laTyf csfy{ .
lagf! gf) of]) [;+) ljgf] cefj lxt (h:t} lagfOhfht lagfljefu lagfcgdlt) . lagf@ gf)
+) gfle] s:t"L d[usf gfledf xg] ;uGwL b|Josf] y}nL jf uf]n 8Nnf] d[ugfle . lagfO
gf) [ lag\ ( cfO)] laGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lagfOg s) lqm) laGg nfOg . lagfp
g ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) laGg] sfd ug{ laGg nfpg . lagfaL gf) [g]jf)] af6f] jf 7fpF 5f
]8g \ x  f];,\ 5f]OPnf, gfluPnf cflb cy{ hgfpg] zAb lji0flji0f . lagfof] gf) d
vdf RofkL lhe|fn] wfuf] tGsfP ahfOg], lgufnf] afF;af6 agfOPsf] dr{\ufh:t} afhf .
lagf;fn] gf) cGtf jf y]uf] s]xL gxfnL ufOg] Ps yL nf]suLt . lalgg s) lqm) [lag\ O g]
s]nfOg 5flgg . lalgof gf) xDsg] jf 8f]nfpg] Ps ;fwg k\vf rd . lag gf) of]) [;+) l
] geO{sg a]u afx]s (k|foM sljtf jf efjk"0f{ jfSodf k|of]u xg) ] . laG8L gf) [la6f]]
?lkofFk};f cflbsf] rf jf t nSs . laGtL gf) [;+) ljglt] gd|tfk"0f{ lgj]bg k|fy{gf l
. ~ kq gf) ;sf jf dfGohgnfO{ n]v] r9fOg] lgj]bg . efp gf) != ljgd| k|fy{gf gd| lgj]
. @= eg;g . > laGTof? lj) laGtL ug]{ lgj]bs . laGbL gf) [lx)] :jf:gLdflg;xn] lgwfdf
nfpg] 6Lsf . laGb gf) [;+)] != kfgL cflb kGofnf] j:tsf] yf]kf] jf ab F . @= cg
:jfsf] lrXg yf]Knf] bfu . #= uf}0f 36gfxsf] lj:t[t ljj0f ulg] gf6sLo kfFr sfof{j:yf
aLh, laGb, ktfsf, k|sL sfo{) dWo] bf];|f] cj:yf . $= jf:t jf d"lt{df k|of]u xg
] c\un, dfqf jf df]Ifafasf] gfk Ps c\un . ~ kq gf) != laGb jf ;\s ] t dfq ePsf] l
. @= gS;faf6 If]qkmn lgsfNg k|of]u ulg] kfbz{s kbfy{ .

913

laGb|laof] a] x f] g ] { uL k7fOg] lrL, kf;{ n . ~ sDkgL gf) ladfJoj;fosf] sfd ug]{

;+:yf . ~ kq gf) != ladf ulPsf] sfut . @= xnfscfdf sd ladf uL k7fOPsf] sfut . ~ zNs
f) ladf ubf{ nfUg] b:t . ~ ;+:yfg gf) rn jf crn j:txsf] ladf ug] { ufpg] Ps k|dv 
;+:yf . ladfv gf) [kmf) a]afs] != ltg { km5f{pgkg]{ lg, ;fk6L, lx;fa cflb afFsL gfv
6\Uofpg] sfd km5\of}{6 rStL . @= ;vfk kfg]{ sfd lgld6fGg . #= ;j{gfz e;Ss . ladf
) [kmf) aLdf] lafdL f]uL . > ladfL gf) f]u Joyf Joflw . laldf] gf) [;+) aLhk]
] afSnf] af]qmf xg], cldnf] jf s]xL ulnof] ; xg] k|l;4 Ps kmn . @= zLdf p7\g] sl
gsfhqf] ;fgf] vl6f] . lj) #= gl5lKkPsf] jf xls{g;s]sf] ev{sf] slnnf] jf ;fgf] . laD
a gf) [;+)] != P]gf, kfgL cflbdf b]lvg] 5fofsf] k 5fofd08n k|ltlaDa laDa . @= cfsfzdf
b]lvg] ;"o{, rGb|, tff cflbsf] Hof]ltlk08 . #= k|ltd"lt{ k|ltdf . $= sg} sfsf] cfef;
jf emns . %= uf]nsfFqmL . ~ kmn gf) uf]nsfFqmLsf] bfg . ~ ljwfg gf) laDaxsf] ;[hg
f ug]{ sfd laDaxsf] ;[hgf . > lalDasf gf) != ;"o{ jf rGb|dfsf] d08n . @= uf]nsfFqmL
. lalDat lj) k|ltlaDa k]sf] k|ltlalDat ljlDat . lao gf) [c\)] k|foM lehfPsf] hf}sf]
7f]df ulnof], ;f]8f cflb ldnfO{ ljz]if k|lqmofn] agfOg] Ps k|sfsf] dlbf . laofF gf
) [;+) jLHo] rfdndf gsl6O{ ar]sf] ;Unf] wfg . laoLF gf) laofFxsf] ;d"x ;a} laofF . l
aofFn\g ;) lqm) [laofFnf] g] laofFnf] ug{ sg} pkfon] ;do latfpg . > laofFnfO gf) l
ofFNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . laofFlng s) lqm) laofFnf] ulg cndlng . laofFnf] lqm) lj
) [;+) ljnDa] sg} sfdsfdf xg] cndn ca] ljnDa AofFnf] . laofO gf) [ laofp ( cfO)]
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] laofOg c) lqm) laofpg] sfd xf]Og . laofpFbf] lj) AofpFbf
] . laofpg c) lqm) [;+) Jofkg g] != kzsf kf]yLx ;Ts]L xg kzxsf aRrfaRrL hGdg .
@= ft ;lsP k|ftM sfn xg pHofnf] xg . laof gf)x]) Aof . laofg gf) [yf) ;+) Jofog]
Ts]L xg] jf laofpg] sfd laofpgfsf] k6s a]t k|;j . laof] gf) != 8G8Llaof]sf] v]ndf 8G
8Lff xlRrg] jf 7fs nfOg], bO{lt ltvflPsf] jf gltvfl/Psf] 5f]6f] sf7sf]

laGb| gf)[;+) j[Gb] bfhefO aGwju{ . > laGb|fnf] gf) bfhefOxsf] ;d"x aGwju{ . laGb
|f lj) [;+) j[Gbf] != dflg; gePsf] lgh{g ;g;fg . @= cf6Aa] . ~ jg gf) Psnf;sf] jg lg
h{g h\un . lakQf gf) [la kQf] ufoa a]kQf . lakgf gf) [lj ;kgf] lapFem]sf] jf hfu]sf] cj
yf glgbfPsf] a]nf . > lakgL gf) lakgfsf] n3 k lakgf . (pbf) lakgLdf gb]v] klg ;kgLdf
b]lvG5) . lalkpF lj) [;+) ljkLt] ;lkpFsf] ljkLtfy{s pN6f] laANofF6f] . lakm gf)
usf sL6f0fsf] k|efjn] hf]sf ;fy;fy} cfel kmf]sfkmf]sf eP cfpg] vl6f] zLtnf jf j;Gtsf
f]u dfO{ . @= pSt f]un] a;]sf] vt . ~ pGd"ng gf) lakmsf f]uf0f To;sf ;~rfsnfO{ l
{ kfg]{ of]hgf . > lakmofxf lj) lakm cfPsf] lakmsf] vt a;]sf] 5fs] . :qL) lakmofxL
n]F6f]laANofF6f] lj) [lalkpF PF6f]ofF6f]] sk8f, sfut cflbsf] leqL jf pN6f] ;An]6 F f]
jf ;ANofF6f]sf] ljkLtfy{s . :qL) laANofF6L . lalelG8g c) lqm) [laleG8f] g] 6]9f] :j
efjsf] xg afpFl6g efFl8g . laleG8f] lj) 6]9f] :jefjsf] cldNbf] rfnsf] afpF6f] c\
f] . laleG8fO gf) [ lalelG8 ( ofO)] lalelG8g] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] laleG8fOg s) lqm)
alelG8g] kflg lr9fOg 6]9fOg . laleG8fpg k|) ] lqm) lalelG8g] kfg{ lr9fpg 6]
leG8fx6 gf) lalelG8g] lsl;d jf cj:yf . laleG8fxf lj) lalelG8g] :jefjsf] 6]l9g] afgL e
Psf] laleG8f] . laeLif0f gf) [;+)] != fj0fsf sfG5f efO fj0fkl5sf n\sfwLz . lj) @= Hof
} 8nfUbf] eo\s . #= :jb]zsf lj?4 ljb]z jf ljb]zLsf] bnfnL ug]{ JolQm k~rdf\uL . lae"t
f) [;+) lje"lt] laut lje"lt . ladhf gf) [la dhf] a]:jfb a]dHhf . ladl7g c)lqm)x]) la
ul7g . lad7f] lj)x]) laFu7f] . > lad7\ofO gf) laFu7\ofO . ladg gf) [la dg] sg} sfdf
gnfUg] jf ?lr gxg] cj:yf . (pbf) hf]n] xf] ls vfg, 3Dg ;a} sfdf dnfO{ ladg eOx]5)
. ladf gf) [kmf) aLdf] != sg} lsl;dsf] xflggf]S;fgL jf Iflt ePdf ;+:yfn] a]xf]g]{
Ifltk"lt{ kfOg] uL flvg] ls:tfaGbL jf Psd:6 wf}6L To:tf] cleeff jxg ulPsf] sfo{Joj:
. @= sg} xflggf]S;fgL xg uPdf 8fsvfgfn]

laof]:tfla/] rnL 6qmf] . @= sf]nsf] wLdf xflng] rsnljz]if . laof]:tf gf) [;+) Jo
j:yf] :jefj rfnrng 9\u . (pbf) s:tf] laof]:tf gePsf] s]6f] xf] of] t ) . lalStg c)
[;+) ljSt O g] ljSt xg lbSbf xg a}flug . > laSTofO gf) lalStg] lqmof jf k|l
fOg s) lqm) ljSt kflg lvGg tNofOg . laSTofpg k|) ] lqm) ljSt kfg{ lvGg tNofp
la\u lj) [la \u] != cg]s \usf] ljleGg \usf] \uLr\uL . @= ah/\\u s/\u . la
f lj) [;+) ljn] ;a}lt gkfOg] jf yf]} dfq kfOg] 5f5} x]sf] . lanfO gf) [ lan\
mof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lanfOg s) lqm) laNg nfOg . lanfpg k|) ] lqm) laNg nfpg . l
fsf]6L lj) != [lanf sf]6L] sf]6Ldf Pp6f sxLFsxLF jf kmfkm kfOg] clt bne { . lqm) l
kmfkm st}st} . lal;Ssf gf) [jL lzIff> l;Svf] != cnfO{ 5sfpg] jf emSSofpg] rnfvL s
@= jL, kfqmdL, lg8/ agfpg] lzIff . #= kfgf] vfnsf] Ps k|l;4 cfVofg . ~ ug { ;) lqm
) lj:dok"0f{ sfo{ ug{ . lal;nf] lj) [la l;nf]] != ; gePsf] gL; vf] . @= dg gkbf]{
xgL gf) [;+) ljlx0fL] df?gL gfrdf ufOg] Ps lsl;dsf] uLt . laf gf) [;+) jL6L] vo, r"g,
d;nf cflb xfn] a]L vfg jf lbg tof kflg] kfgsf] kft kfgsf] lvnL la8f . lafO gf) [
)] != hUuf lafpg] sfd jf lsl;d . @= gofF cfafb ulPsf] hUuf laf}6f] (lbJo)) . #= lafd
ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof lauf . [ > ] lafOg s) lqm) != hUuf lafpg] sfd ulg . @= lafd
. lafpg! ;) lqm) jga6f], emf cflb kmfF8], lefnf] hldgdf 9u \ f cflb x6fO{ uf n
cflbaf6 psf; ePsf] hUuf ldnfP ljleGg kn] hUuf cfafb ug{ gofF hUufdf v]tL ug{ . l
afpg@ ;) lqm) != sg} sfdsfdf en] jf rs] cs}{ yf]s eGg jf ug{ lafd ug{ s;"
. @= n]Vtf cIf cflb 66fpg jf 56fpg . lafh\g c) lqm) [;+) ljfh g] ljfhdfg xg
;fy a:g . > laflhg c) lqm) ljfhdfg xf]Og ;Ddfg;fy al;g . lafhLlafh lj) [la fh
Psf] gdfGg]
914

a]dGh a]v; . ] f], glrg]sf] jf lafgf] lj) [kmf) ljfg] != klxn] gb]vs yfxf gkfPsf] c
hfgsf] . @= krqmL kfO{ csf]{ . lafd! gf) [;+) ljfd] != eGgugk { g]{ sfdsfdf xg
jf ckfw e"nr"s . @= sfddf afwf . lafd@ lj) [kmf) ladf] cffd gePsf] la;Grf] . lafdL
lafd@ O{] ;Grf] gePsf] c:j:y f]uL dwf}? . ~ labf gf) sd{rfLn] lafdL xFbf kfpg] lgl
f (sd{rf/Ln] gvr]s { f] cj:yfdf pQm lbga/fa/sf] tna k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] Joj:yf ePsf]
ljbf .) . lafn ufg gf) [lafn] ufg] n]slt kfOg] cf}ifwLdf k|of]u xg] Ps k|sfsf] sG
lafnL gf) [;+) la8fn O{] != w]} cfuf] tfKtf zLdf k|foM uf]8fsf 5fnfdf kg]{ 6f6f] . @=
lafnfsf] :g]x;"rs k jf kf]yL k . lafn]! gf) [;+) la8flnsf] y}nf] agfpgfsf lglDt Psfkl
rGofO{ kf]sf] ufF7f] To:tf] ufF7f] kfL agfPsf] y}nf] . lafn]@ gf) [;+) la8flnsf] nfD
rf 7"nf kft xg], KofhL \usf k"mn kmNg], taf] l;dLh:tf sf];f 7"nf v}f ufgf xg] Ps
ftsf] ntf jf To;}sf] ufg . lafnf] gf) [;+) la8fn] lrtjfsf hftsf], d;f dfg]{ vfg
] tyf b"w v"a} dg kfpg] 3/kfnjf hGt . sf] sff] gf) clt lgs[i6 j:t . lald gf) afF;
f rf]ofn] ag]sf], lasf]{ nfpg] ;Gbs . ~ kmn gf) ;fwf0f dfnfsf kft jlkl sfnf]sfnf]
xg], 8Nnf] vfnsf] af:gf cfpg] Ps hftsf] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn . laL gf) bfFtsf hf]
gL{df sfnf] kfln; nfpg k|of]u ulg], 7"n7"nf kft, xlof;]tf k"mn hfdgh:tf kmn xg]
Ps hftsf] ntf k|;f0fL . la?F8f gf) != bfr{nf lhNnflt k|rlnt ljz]if rf8kj{df b]jb]jL
nfO{ r9fOg] vfOg] snpF, ufF;, uxt, df; uxF ld;fP agfOg] ef]hgsf] Ps klsf . @= bu
{i6dL k"hfdf b]jLnfO{ r9fOg] g}j]B . #= laf}Fnf SjfF6L . la?jf gf) [lj9] v, afnLgfnL
flbsf] slnnf] ;fgf] af]6 afnj[If kf]yf| ] . ~ 3 gf) ljleGg hftsf kmnk"mnsf la?jfx f
xsf{O{ cGoq ;fg{ of]Uo xg] cj:yf tyf pd]sf agfpg] 7fpF g;{L . lak lj) [;+) ljk] k
u|]sf] gfd|f] sk . la] cfUnf] gf) [;+) ljj cu{nf] aflxaf6 ofn9f]sf vf]Ng g;lsg] k
nufOg], uffdf hl8Psf] 7"nf] cfUnf] uhaf . la] rnL gf) lgs} cUnf] crDdnfUbf] 6fsf
z[v \ nfsf]

915

la/] gglaNemg ;k{, d;f] cflb a:g] bnf] . #= ukmf uxf . lan@ gf) [c\)] != sg} df
;fdfg laqmL ubf{ jf abfaemfpFbf d"No jf kfl>ldssf] kmfF6, sd cflb vnfO{ n]lvg] s
fut l;b . @= ljwflosfdf k|:tt ulg] sfggsf] d;f}bf ljw]os . lansGgf lj) [la nvsfgf]]
v, sfGbfgL ts{Nn], aw{Gg] cflb sg} dfqf gePsf] (s, v) . lansn lj) [c)] != ePesf] ;D
"0f{ ;a} . lqm) lj) @= k"0f{tof Psbd . lanvaGb lj) [;+) ljnIfdGb] != o;f] uF g p;f]
uF eO{ lhNn k]sf] cSs g aSs ePsf] cndNn geNn . @= cfgf] uKtL sf cn] yfxf kfPsf]
]sfnf] dv nfPsf] xtk|e . lanvfO gf) [lanvfp cfO] lanvfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > lanv
fOg c) lqm) lanvfOdf kg{ . lanvfpg c) lqm) [;+) ljnIf cfp g] s] uF xg ls+st{Jolj
xg cndlng . langf gf) [ lanf}gf] lanf}gf lanxgf . lan ekfO{ gf) [lan ekfO{] vlb
bf{ jf sg} dfn;fdfg aem] lnFbflbFbf lbOg] Ltk"js { sf] sfut lan ekfO{ . lanfO gf)
nfp ( cfO)] lanfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lanfOg c) lqm) cnk xf]Og xfOg . lanfpg
 c) lqm) [;+) ljno cfp g] kUn] jf csf]{ rLhdf ldn] gb]lvg] xg ljnog xg cnk xg
. lanfpgL gf)x]) lanf}gL . lanfpg] gf) [;+) ljnog] != gLnsfF8fsf h:tf kft xg] ;f
gf;fgf u]8f kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . lj) @= dfl;g] xfpg] . lanfot gf) [c) ljnfot] a]n
fot . > lanfotL lj) lanfotsf] a]nfotL . lanfxfL gf) [lanf] cfxfL] lanf]af6 hLljsf rnfp
] JolSt . lalnglalngf] lj) [;+) ljnj0f] gg gkus ] f] gg sd xflnPsf] clngf] (bfn,
tsfL cflb) . lanf] gf) lzsf u] NofOPsf hGtsf] df;sf] efu yf]} c+z . ~ afF8f] gf
nf] afF8\g] sfd . @= efu jf c+z afF8\g] sfd . lanf}gf gf) [k|f) ljnj0f < ;+) ljnk
g] ?Fb} bMv k|s6 ug]{ sfd ljnfk langf . lanf}gL gf) [;+) ljno cf}gL] != gf}gL vfbf{
efF8fsf] kLFwdf xg] y]lu|g lanfpgL . @= nflDrnf lrNnf kft xg], a:tefpnfO{ 3fF; v
jfOg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 . laNemg c) lqm) [laNemf] g] f]lsg yfldg c8\lsg . >

rnL k]sf] efu . {] Lo cf}ifwLljz]ifdf k|of]u la] gg gf) [;+) la8nj0f] cfojb ulg],
uGwbf Ps k|sfsf] sfnf] gg . laf] gf) [ la8f] lvNnL la8f laf . laf]n \ g ;) lq
f]8 g] != gg, vf];f{gL, d;nf cflb xfn] ;fFWg ;f]a kfL d5g \  vofpg . @= vf]tnv
g{ efF8\g layf]Ng . > laf]nfO gf) laf]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . laf]nfOg s) lqm) la
nfOg . laf]nfpg k|) ] lqm) laf]Ng nfpg . laf]nfxf lj) csf] sfd laufg]{ layf]nfxf
laf]lng s) lqm) laf]Ng] sfd ulg . laf}Fnf gf) [ la?F8f] lehfP 98fpFbf c\s lg:
fu8L la?F8f SjfF6L . laf} gf) [;+) aLh] l;nfdsf hqf dl;gf, ;]tf bfgf xg] Ps k|sfsf]
t]nxg kf]:tfsf] bfgf clkmdsf af]6df kmNg] bfgf . laf}6f] gf) [lafp cf}6f]] lafPsf] h
gofF cfafb u]sf] hUuf . las]{ lj) [lasf]{ P] lasf]{ ePsf] lasf]{h:tf] . ~ 6f]kL gf) df
lylt aLrdf uf] ePsf] g]kfnL sfrf]{aL jf dvdnL 6f]kL . lasf]{ gf) flvPsf] j:t ;lIft
kfg{ efF8fsF8f, af, 7]sL, l;;L cflbsf] dv 5f]Kg] jf 9fSg] kfq 9sgf . latf{ gf) [;+)
j[lQ] axfbL b]vfPafkt jf j[lQsf lglDt ldn]sf], ;sfnfO{ ltf]ef] ug{ gkg]{ hUuf ;a}
f s]xL dfnkf]t vfg kfpg] uL ;a} vfnsf] dfkmL kfPsf] hUuf (xfn e"ld;wf P]gcg;f vflh
ePsf szlatf{, ;gflatf{, ;]jflatf{ cflb) . dfn gf) bf];|f dfn . jf gf) latf{jfn .
fn gf) latf{sf] wgL jf w]} latf{ kfPsf] JolSt . jfnf gf) latf{jfn, latf{sf] dflns .
lagL{ gf) [;+) lj0f] dw];lt xg], kms]{ k"mnsf] 8fF7af6 9SsL, 8fnL cflb agfOg] Ps
lsl;dsf] a] emf . laa{n gf) sfgsf] nf]tLdf nfOg], gf:kftLsf cfsfsf] ;gsf] uxgfljz
]if . laf] { gf) clkmdsf] af]6df, l;nfdsf h:tf dl;gf, ;]tf bfgf kmNg] Ps hftsf] cG
g . la;{g ;) lqm) [lj:d\ g] klxn] hfg];g]sf], elgPsf] jf dgdf lnOPsf] sf] eNg ;D
f gxg x]Ssf gxg lj:d[t xg . > la;f{O gf) la;{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . la;f{Og s) l
qm) la;{g nfOg . la;f{pgL gf) != la;{g] sfd . @= ;DemfpgLsf] k"s (h:tf] ;DemfpgLla;
f{pgL) . la;f{pg k|]) lqm) la;{g] kfg{ la;{g nfpg . lal;{g  s) lqm) != ;Demgf gl
xg lj:d[t xf]Og . ;) lqm) @= la;{g . la;j { f lj) la;{g] afgL ePsf] . :qL) la;
{jL . lan! gf) [;+)] != hldg, leQf cflbdf k]sf] Kjfn . @=

laNemf]la:6 laNemfO gf) laNemg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . laNemf] gf) != f]Sg] j:t aGwg . @
= 3sf c;dy{ dflg; jf ;fgf s]6fs]6L . #= cNemf]sf] k"s . laN6L gf) [c\) lan]6] hxfh, ]
n cflbdf dfn rnfg ugf{sf lglDt aemfpFbf lbOg] l;b . laNkft] lj) [;+) ljNj kft]+] dL
7f] af]nL fd|f] hLp ePsL d[be  flif0fL sf]dnf\uL . laNkfL lj) lgwf]{ zL ePsf] k
p6] lvgfp] . laNnaf7 gf) != larNnL lahf]u bb{zf . @= dfn;fdfgsf] otfplt 5fO jf lkmFh
O . laNnf gf) [c\) j}h] != kmf}hL cflb sd{rfLn] nufpg] bhf{;r " s sk8f cflbsf] lrXg
. @= sg} vf; sf hgfpgsf lglDt xftkfvf cflbdf afFlwg] klrof\lst lkmQf jf wf] sg}
kj{df 5ftL, sd cflbg] sk8fdf lkgn] c8\sfOg] sk8f, sfut cflbsf] To:tf] lrXg c\lst 6
qmf] jf kL . bf lj) != laNnf nfPsf] lan\nf ePsf] . @= ;]gftkm{ laNnf kfPsf k"mnL gkf
Psf lkp7, x2f cflb hjfg . lalNnaf7 gf)x]) laNnaf7 . laNnf} gf) [k|f) a]nlc] sfFr j
f kml6sh:tf] Ps hftsf] d"Nojfg\ ;]tf] kTy . laNj gf) [;+)] Pp6f e]6g \ fdf tLgtLgj
6f kft xg] ;fx|f,] 8Nnf] kmn nfUg] sfF8] j[If jf kfs]kl5 ulnof] ubL xg] To;}
sf] kmn >Lkmn a]n . ~ kq gf) a]nsf] kft . dn gf) j]Zof lrGtfdl0fsf] xKsLaf6 O{Zj/ el
mtkm{ nfu]sf Ps eQm . lajfO{ gf) [;+) ljkflbsf] != v'fsf cf}Fnfdlgsf] 5fnf kmf6\g]
jf k}tnf, ss{Rrf cflb k'm6\g] Ps f]u xgf{7 . @= lauf 6'gf . la; gf) [;+) lj+z] != k
kfFrsf] of]uaf6 aGg] ;\Vof . lj) @= kGw| kfFrsf of]u;\Vofsf] . afO;] lj) aL; afO
if{sf] kf] t?gf] . > la;f;o gf) k"f cfo' afFRg cfzLjf{b jf z'esfdgf lbFbf k|o'St x'g]
Ps ;o aL; jif{ . (pbf) tkfO{+sf] cfo' aL;f;o xf];) \ . la;L gf) aL;sf] ;d'bfo (h:
tf] Ps aL;L b'O{ aL;L) . la;f}F lj) aL; ;\VofnfO{ k"f ug]{ aL; ;\Vofsf] . la;2] lj)
]] ;2] gePsf] kmf6]sf] . la;g gf) [c\) afO;g] e}F;Lsf 9asf] s]xL 8Nnf] zL 7"nf] h'f
'g], uw{g, 3fF6L cg'xfel nfdf ofKn] f}F ePsf], pQ cd]lsfdf kfOg], kfFr lkm6 cUnf] :
fL hgfj . (of] pQ cd]lsfdf kfOg] hGt'dWo] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] xf] . ToxfF o;sf] b"w df;' v
fOG5 .) . la;Grf] gf) [la ;Grf]] ;Grf] jf cffd gx'g] l:ylt c:j:y . la;Def gf) [lj ;Def
efNg g;lsg] l:ylt c;Def . la;fO gf) [la;fp cfO] != la;fpg] sfd jf lsl;d lj>fd .
916

@= 3fpvl6f lau|g] cj:yf . la;fOt gf) [la ;fOt] vfa ;fOt a];fOt . la;fOg' s) lqm) [la;f
'] != lj>fd ulg' . @= b'Mv kf]lvg' . la;fpg'! ;) lqm) [;+) lj>fd cfp g'] != ;':tfpgsf l
glDt af]s]sf] efL jf af]em s]xL ;do ;lhnf] x'g] 7fpFdf c8fpg' lj>fd ug'{ . @= cfgf]
sfdsf] cleeff cdfly ;'Dkg' . #= cfgf] b'Mv cnfO{ ;'Dkg' b'Mv kf]Vg' . la;fpg'@ c) lq
[;+) ljif cfp g'] 3fpvl6f cflbdf kfgL cflb k] lavfn'kg pAhg' psr kN6g' . la;fpgf gf)
p gfcf}gf] la;fpg] jf c8\g] 7fpF la;fpgf (h:tf] u}Lla;fpgf) la;f}gf . la;fpgL gf) [la
L] gf) c8\g] 7fpF (h:t} a; la;f}gL) la;f}gL . la;fg gf) [la;fp cfg] la;fpg] sfd . ~ b:
t' gf) oftfoftsf ;fwg la;f}gLdf c8fPafkt nfUg] b:t' . lal;l4 lj) [la l;l4] l;l4 jf ;f]
t gePsf] cl;l4 . la;'4L lj) [la ;'4L] != ;'4L gePsf] xf];xjf; xfPsf] a];' . gf) @= ;'
gx'g] cj:yf a]xf];L . la;' lj) [la ;'] a];' ;' gePsf] . la;]s gf) [;+) ljz]if] != k
f f]u jf Joyfdf ePsf] sdL yf]ax't cffd ;Grf] . lj) @= lgsf] ePsf] 36]sf] . #= yf]}
(t} la;]s) . la;]Rofp gf) [ljif Rofp] hldgdf pd|g,] 5ftfsf cfsfsf] tyf sfnf] x'g], v
fg gx'g] Ps hftsf] Rofp . la;f}b F gf) [la;f} F b] Ps ;odf aL;sf] Aofh b ;os8f aL; .
> la;f}b F L lj) la;f}Fb bsf] . la;f}tL lj) [la; cf}tL ;+) ljiffQm] ljif ePsf] vfg gx
'g] . ~ Rofp gf) hldgdf pd|g], uf]nfsf, kx]Fnf] \sf] 8fF7 x'g] vfg gx'g] Ps hftsf] R
ofp la;]Rofp . la;f}gf gf)x]) la;fpgf . la;f}gL gf) la;fpg] jf c8fpg] 7fpF la;fpgL .
la;f}nL gf) kDkfut hf]vtf}nsf gfkcg';f 5 kfpsf] kldf0f cfwf wfgL{ . la:s'6 gf) [c\)
s6] u'lnof] jf g'lgnf] :jfbsf], af6'nf] rf}sg] cfsfdf aGg], ;fFrfdf 9fn] tyf efdf ;]
sfP tof kflg] klZrd]nL 9fFrfsf] xNsf f]6L . la:s'g gf) [;+) ljisGb] != 3fddf ;'sfpgsf
lglDt kfFlhPsf] jf lkmFhflPsf] cGg . @= d]nf]d];f]ljgf rf}lt 5lPsf] j:t' . #= ;a} r
LhaLh cnkq k]sf] cj:yf . ' eStk' ;xdf r}t d;fGtsf la:s]6 gf) [;+) ljZj s]t] lbg ln\uf]
pEofO{ j}zfv ;\qmflGtsf lbg ln\uf] 9fn] dgfOg] k|l;4 pT;j jf hfqf To;} cj;df pEofOg]
ln\uf] . la:6 gf) != y ljz]if lji6 . @= yL, d'lvof .

917

la:6fa'Ou F na'Oun ;\st ] (aLhul0ft) . #= b]jtf cflbnfO{ k|;Gg kfg{ hlkg] dGqsf] d'
Vo c+z . $= gf6s cflbsf] clGtd kmnsf] d'Vo sf0f . %= Jofs0f, lj1fg, bz{g cflbsf lg
odnfO{ 5f]6sLdf a'emfpg k|of]u ulg] Wjlg, zAb cflbsf] ;\st ] ;"q kmd'{nf . > aLhs gf
!= aLh aLp . @= k7fOPsf dfndQfsf] ljj0f n]lvPsf] sfut jf k'hf{ . sf]if gf) != e|"0
fsf] k|fylds r0fsf] ;Gtfgf]Tkfbg ug]{ sf]if . @= aLh xg] k"mnsf] cjoj . ~ ul0ft gf)
cIf, c\s cflbsf] k|tLsfTds pkof]uff sg} c1ft flz kQf nufpg] ul0ftLo zfvf (cnh]a|f) .
k]lzsf gf) c08sf]z . km]h gf) csf]{ vdfly pd|g], v}f], sfnf] efjsf], l3;|g] hf ePsf]
xlof kft kftsf] dlg aLhsf] y}nf x'g], slxNo} gkmNg] gk'mNg] nxf]ljz]if . ~ dGq gf)
sg} b]jtfsf] pkf;gf vflt hlkg] ;\lIfKt d"n dGq . > aLhfIf gf) dGqsf] klxnf] cIf . aL
f\s ' gf) [;+)] aLhaf6 6';fpg] c\s jf la?jf . > aLhf\s ' 0f gf) aLh 6';fpg] sfd
k|lqmof . ~ Gofo gf) aLhaf6 c\s aGof] ls c\saf6 aLh eGg] kDkfdf c8]sf] qmdh:t} ;+
flbTj l;4 ug]{ Gofo jf ts{l;4fGt . aLhf0f' gf) [;+)] != Pssf]ifLo hLj hLjf0f' . @=
jg:kltsf] ;Gtfg pTkfbg ug]{ sf]if . aLhff]k0f gf) [;+)] != aLh f]Kg] sfd . @= sg} s
fd sfsf] ;"Id k|fDe . aLhf]Tkfbg gf) [;+)] aLh k}bf ug]{ sfd jf k|lqmof . aL8f gf) cl
eff . aLly gf) [;+)] != kssf] Ps e]b . @= k\lSt nx . #= af6f] ;8s . $= ahf xf6 . a
[;+)] != ;flxTodf gj;dWo] b'uG { wL kbfy{sf] j0f{g ubf{ lbulduL 3Lg pTkGg ufpg] P
s ; . @= 3LgnfUbf] j:t' . lj) #= ;8]un]sf] jf sx]sf] 3[0ff pTkGg ufpg] 3LgnfUbf] . a'
r F L gf) ;'Fu'sf] kf7f] . a'b F gf) [;+) laGb'] != tn kbfy{sf] yf]kf] yf]Knf] laGb'
"Fb . @= kfgL, t]n cflbsf] l56f] . a'b F f gf) [;+) laGb'] != jfbljjfbdf cfgf] kIf
sf] ;dy{g jf k|df0fsf lglDt k|:t't ulg] d'Vo sf ufF7L sf] . @= sfutkq jf n]vdf n]lvg]
d'Vo sf] d"n ljifo k|s0f . F Oof] lhn]aLsf :jfbsf], ds}sf u]8fhqf a'l F bof gf) [a"b
fgf bfgf x'g] Ps hftsf] ld7fO{ a'lgofF . a'Ou F na'Oun gf) [g]jf) aOu] 3sf] ;a}eGbf
dflyNnf] tnf 5fgfdlgsf] tnf . af; gf) csf] wgdfn vfP jf cGo sf0fn] kqmfpsf] 8 dfgL
Fundf n's] a:g] sfd .

la:6f gf) [;+) lji7f] u'x' lb;f lji7f . la:6L gf) [;+) lji6f O{] ;;fgf kz' jf rfsf] lj
6f . > la:6fO gf) la:6fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . la:6fOg' s) lqm) la:6fpg] sfd ulg' . l
pg' c) lqm) ;fgfltgf kz' jf rfr'?\uLn] dnTofu ug'{ . la:tf gf) [;+) lj:t0f] cf]5fg
f . la:tf lqm) lj) [;+) lj:tf] != xn'sf rfn;Fu gxtktfO{sg dGb ultn] cf:t]cf:t] xnf}
:t;Fu dl;g' af]nLdf . @= gf) lj:t[t sf . #= km}nfj6 . > la:tf} lqm) lj) xtf guL xnf
nn] cn] g;'Gg] u] cfgf ;'n] . la:tff] lqm) lj) la:tf} . la:t' gf) != g6'6\g] l;
. @= tndfly kms cGt Joy{ . (pbf) bfh'n] eg]sf] sf] slxNo} la:t' vfFb}g) . la:dft
ljiffb] sg} b'Mvk"0f{ sf jf 36gfaf6 kl5 x'g] zf]s jf ;Gtfk ckm;f]r v]b . la:ofxf gf
la :ofxf] a]:ofxf . la:jfb lj) [;+) lj :jfb] a]:jfb :jfb gePsf] . laxs lqm) lj) [la x6
l;lQ l;Q}F cgfxs . laxf gf) [;+) ljjfx] lax] ljjfx . laxfOtf lj) [;+) ljjflxtf] ljjfl
xtf laxfOt] . > laxfOt] lj) lax] u] NofOPsL AofOt] ljjflxtf . laxfg gf) [;+) ljeft]
lbgsf] klxnf] k|x k"j{ kmf6\g] a]nfb]lv 3fd gl5lkpGh]nsf] ;do k|ftMsfn . lqm) lj) @
= k|ftMsfndf ;a]} . laxfgL lj) [laxfg O{] != laxfg;DaGwL laxfgsf] . @= laxfg . kv lq
lj) laxfgsf] ;do laxfglt . laxfafL gf) [laxf afL] ljjfxsf] bf]xf] ;DaGw lax] x'g] sf
x . laxfn gf) [la xfn] a]xfn . laxfnL gf) [;+) ljeft] laxfg AofnL . lalxlng' c) lqm) [
a lxn\ O g'] != sg} aufndf ldl;P yfxf gkfOg] x'g' . @= ssg L{n] ss vf]Hb} lxF8g \
xNofO gf) lalxlng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lalxNofOg' s) lqm) sg} aufndf ld;fP a]kQf kflg'
. lalxNofpg' k|) ] lqm) sg} aufndf ld;fP a]kQf kfg'{ . laxLF gf) [;+) a[xtL] sfF8fb
f kft x'g], gLnf jf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], tLtf :jfbsf ;;fgf ftf;]tf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf
] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . laxLaf gf) [;+) a[x:kltjf] ;ftfsf] kfrf}F af jf lbg a[x:kltjf
. lax] gf) [ laxf] ljjfx laxf . ~ a6nf] gf) lax]sf] pT;j jf To; cj;df xg] dflg;xsf]
e]nf . aLh gf) [;+)] != aLp lahg . @= cJoSt ;\Vof;"rs

aO;faRrf] aO;f gf) [k) g])] Pp6} gfd ePsf ;fyLnfO{ elgg] zAb . aO { gf) [g]jf)
] != s]6fs]6LnfO{ kL7df af]Sg] sfd lkl7pFsf] af]sfO . @= lkl7pF (afnaf]nLdf) . a
s gf) [c\)] != ]n, ljdfg, v]ntdf;f cflbdf k};f lt] :yfg ;lIft kfg]{ sfd . @= dfn;fdf
cflb rnfg ug{ ]Nj], 8fsvfgf cflbdf aemfO{ lh:6df btf{ ufpg] sfd . #= k:ts axL . ~
kf]:6 gf) 8fFsff sd dx;ndf k7fOg] dlb|t klqsf, kl:tsf cflb . ~ afOG8 gf) k:ts tyf
kqklqsfsf k[i7 ldnfO{, k6fO{ l;pg] uftf xfNg] sfd ug]{ JolQm To:tf] sfd ug]{ sd{r
fLsf] kb lhNbsf lhNb;fh . ~ afOlG8 gf) k:ts, kqklqsf cflbsf k[i7 ldnfO{ l;pg] lhNb
Ng] sfd . asfO gf) [ asfp ( cfO)] asfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] asfOg s) lqm)
asfpg] sfd ulg . asfpg ;) lqm) [asf] cfp g] dg kL jf gkL lrpf, ;ft cflb kmsf]
sf] kmfFsf] dfg{ kmSofpg . als gf) [c\)] lh:6 jf lstfadf btf{ ufpg] sfd . alsg
) [asf] O g] kmfFsf] xflng kmsf], asf] j:t vfOg . asL gf) lxdfnL n]sdf xg], e
]6\gljgfsf nfdfnfdf gd ejfbf afSnf kft tyf ;]tf gd k"mn xg] a6L jf emf To;}sf] k"
mn as] . ~ kmn gf) asL . ~ ;g gf) asf] ;g, w"nf] ;g To:tf] asf] ;g unfP tof
flPsf] t]hfaL jf ;fwf0f ;g . asg  L gf) asf] j:t jf lkFws ] f] dl;g w"nf] 5f]k
. asg gf) != ;fgf] vfnsf] slgpF . @= ;fgf] ;fF9] . lj) #= k8\sf] xf]rf] . > a
sg] lj) asgh:tf] k8\sf] UofFr] . as  f gf) yf sd}of a:g] 3/ . as  f] lj) k
f]rf] asg . asN6f] lj) [asf] pN6f]] l;nf] gePsf] gdl5Psf], aafpFbf] kmsf]
. asj  f gf) [asf] pjf] cfsf] d}nf] kmfn] lrNnf] kfg{ db{g ulg] tf]L, fof], a];f
lkFw ] agfOPsf] ;uGwL kbfy{ . @= a|tjGwdf a6sn] ljjfxdf bnxfn] asa fsf] n]k
3;] gxfpg] df\ulns ljlw . as ] gf) x]) asL asLk"mn . asf] lj) aa ug]{ aa
. aSrL gf) [t) asr] ;"rLsfsf] l;of], wfuf], s}FrL cflb fVg] jf yGSofpg] y}nL .
aSofO gf) [ aSofp ( cfO)] aSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aSofOg s) lqm) aSofp
g] sfd ulg . aSofpg ;) lqm) [asfp ofp g] asf] vfg]sf] kmfFsf] xfNg kmSofpg a
. aSofg gf) [asL ofg] asL 3fF; k|z:t xg] n]sfnL
918

rf} . av gf) [c\) asd] dndnsf 9fFrfsf] dl;g bx|f] hftsf] sk8fljz]if . a V ofrf gf
[g]jf)] afnLgfnL nufPsf v] t afLsf aLrdf flvg] , dflg;sf cfsfsf] t;f{ p g] j:t h
n  \ u f] . aul  N6g c) lqm) [auN  6f] O g] auN6f] xg . auN  6f] lj) x])
asN  6f] . auN  6ofO gf) [ aul  N6 ( ofO)] aul N6g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
auN  6fOg s) lqm) auN6f] kflg . auN  6fpg k|]) lqm) auN6f] kfg{ . au \
qm) lj) [c) d") a\ u] PSsfl; w"nf] p8\g] uL . \ f] xg lgj{:q xg a\lug c) lqm)
f] O g] au gf\lug PSnf] kg{ . au \ ] lj) [a\uf] P] != a\uf] ePsf] a\uf]h:
] . ~ rf] gf) kx]n F f] 5ftL sfnf] kv]6f xg,] 6fpsf] sfnf] eO{ To;df gLnf] ePsf],
zLsf] tngfdf rRrf] nfdf] xg], kf]yLrflxF cln v}f] ePsf], ufF;sf] h\undf kfOg] rf]
. au \ f] lj) != >L;DklQ jf hxfgkljf s]xL gePsf] PSnf] gf\uf] lgjf{\u . gf) @= s
] jf k"mn . #= ds}sf] 7"nf] vf]:6f] . aU \ ofO gf) [ al \ u ( ofO)] != al\ ug] lqmo
jf k|lqmof . [a\Uofp cfO] @= aU \ ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] a\UofOg s) lqm)
a\uf] kflg vf]:6fOg . a\Uofpg k|]) lqm) != a\uf] kfg{ g\Uofpg . @= kft, vf
lb 5f]8fpg vf]:6fpg . a \ lqm) lj) [c) d") a \ ] a\u . ar \ ] lj) [a\r
]rf] UjfFr] . ar \ f] lj) [t) asrM] u7f] k8sf] UjfFr] . aly gf) n]Krf hfltsf
, wfdL . aa \  aa \  tL lqm) lj) w"nf], w"jfF p8\g] u] . an \  \ lqm
an \ 
\ ] PsfPs n8\g] jf k5flg] uL . arg   lj) [ asg] ;fgf] sfF6Lsf] a
 f] lj) [arf] pf]] asf] xf]rf] k8\sf] . aRsfaRsL gf) [aRsf] aRsf]] ;fgfltgf
f a6fa6L . aRsf] gf) != emfkft, la?jf cflbsf] emfD6f] ;fgf] a6f] . @= ;fgf] yDs
f] jf l9:sf] . alRrg c) lqm) [aRrf] O g] != gfs, sfg cflb sg} c\u gePsf] xg . @=
xgf s]xL gxg jf nfPsf] uxgf ;a} kmsflng . #= v, kf]y|f cflbsf xfFuflaFuf l5dl
ng . aRr] lj) [aRrf] P] aRrf] . aRrf] lj) [k|f) ljsRr] != gfs, sfg, 6fpsf], kR5d
Wo]

919

aRRofOa9f a6 gf) [c\) a6] k|foM kmf}hL hjfgxn] nfpg], uf]nLufF7feGbf dfly;Dd 5f]
Kg] Ps lsl;dsf] hQf . hQf gf) a6 . a6jn gf) a6f}n a6f}nL . a6fa6L gf) [a6f] a
6f]] ;fgf7"nf w]} a6f . a6L gf) [a6f] O{] != cf}ifwLsf sfddf cfpg] emfkft cflb jgf}
iflw a"6L . @= s]6fs]6Lsf] Iffsf lglDt afFlwg] ;fg]f hGq . #= k"mn gkmnLsg kmn nf
Ug] Ps hftsf] v . $= ufFhf, ef (lzj) . a6 ] lj) [a6f] P] != a6f ePsf] . @= ;Eotf y
fxf gkfPsf] h\unL . a6]g gf) [a6f] Pg] w]} a6f ePsf] 7fpF a6fg . a6f] gf) [;+)
!= af]6sf] ;fgf] k kf]y|f]eGbf ;fgf] af]6 . @= hf]sf] k"s, h:tf] hf]a"6f] . a6f}n
nlDagL c~rncGtu{t ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf kg]{, ltgfp vf]nfsf] tLdf x]sf], Jofkfsf lglDt
k|l;4 gu a6jn, a6f}nL . af gf) sfut, sk8f, leQf cflbdf elg] jf 5flkg] v, nxf, k"mn
lbsf] cfsf . bf lj) af ePsf] af elPsf] . a ] lj) [af P] af ePsf] afbf
gnL afbf gnL . a6fg gf) [a6f] ofg] w]} a6f ePsf] 7fpF ;fgfltgf v jf kf]yf | kf]
f] 7fpF zis If]qdf pd|g] ;fgf;fgf la?jf a6]g . a8 \ g c) lqm) != kfgLdf zL rn{D
xg 8Ag . @= 8aN  sL dfg{ uf]tf nfpg . #= ;j{gfz xg lau|g laTg . > a8fO
gf) a8\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . a8fOg s) lqm) 8afOg . a8fpg k|) ] lqm) != 8af
pg rf]kNg . @= laufg{ . al8g c) lqm) 8lag . a8NsL gf) 8aNsL uf]tf . a8j
 f gf) bnbn ePsf] hUuf wfk ePsf] hldg . a8 \ fgL gf) [a"9f] ofgL] dflg;sf] zLdf k|j
uL f]u k}bf ug]{ tyfslyt Ps 8fOgL . a9GtL gf) [a"9f] cGtL] a"9f] cj:yfsf] lrXg, wfld
{s efjgf jf lrGtg . a9f lj) [ a"9f]] a"9f]sf] cfbfyL{ k . sfhL gf) ljz]iftM >L %
zfx >L % uLjf{0fo4ljqmd zfxsf fHosfndf klZrdL If]q ljho ug{ uPsf k|l;4 sfhL cdl;+
x yfkfnfO{ aemfpg] cfbkb . gLns07 gf) sf7df8f}s F f] pQL efudf cjl:yt Ps k|l;4 gffo
0f . af gf) a"9f] dflg;nfO{ cfbk"js { ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb . afh] != a"9f] JolSt vf; u
fxgnfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] cfbjfrs zAb . @= a"9f ;;f . #= afh]sf afa afHo" . :qL) a"9LaH
o" . a9L gf) != j[4 ggfL . @= nf]Ug]:jf:gL kltkTgL . ~ dfjnL gf) afa jf cfdfsf dfj
L .

sg} Ps c\u gePsf] jf sfl6Psf] (dflg;, kz) . @= afxnf gePsf] jf km] 5f]6f] ePsf] (
bf}f, sldh cflb) . #= uxgfulof kmsfn]sf] jf uxgf g} gnfPsf] lQf] . $= gfsdf k"mnL,
dGb|L, anfsL cflb s]xL gePsf] . %= xfFuflaFuf s]xL gePsf] (vla?jf) . aRRofO gf
) [ alRr ( ofO)] != alRrg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [aRRofp cfO] @= aRRofpg] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . [ > ] aRRofOg s) lqm) aRrf] kflg . aRRofpg k|) ] lqm) aRrf] kfg{ g\U
ofpg . alhg c) lqm) [ahf] O g] != sfg cflbdf 5]l8Psf] Kjfn aGb xg Kjfn ylgg jf
6flng . @= ahf] nfUg . ahL gf) [af) af])] 8nfUbf] slNkt j:t uhL xfp . ahf] gf
) [k|f) jHh0f] != 7]sL, rf}F7L, l8Ajfh:tf efF8fsf] ;fF3f] dv jf Kjfn yGg] nF
8f] 7]8L . @= ;fukft cflbsf] 7"nf] ufF; . aHemsL lj) 7Lsa]7Ls sf ag] ;dembf ah|
s8 . > aHemSofOF gf) ag]kg ;dembfL . aHofO gf) [ alh ( ofO)] != alhg] lqmof jf k
mof . [aHofp cfO] @= aHofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aHofOg s) lqm) aHofpg nf
Og . aHofpg k|) ] lqm) alhg] kfg{ 6fNg nufpg . ahs | ahu | lj) [kmf) ah
u] != hfg];g]sf] hflgkmsf cgejL . @= ;dembf kfsf] j[4 . > ahS | ofOF gf) ahs |
xg] u0f jf of]Uotf . aem\g ;) lqm) [;+) aw g] != ePsf] jf eg]sf] sf hfGg yfxf
g ;Demg . @= kQf nufpg . #= ljrf ug{ ;f]Rg . $= lhDdf lng c;n ug{ . aem gf)
[k|f) aHem < ;+) aw\] != csf] cfFtk]6sf] sf ag], ;Demg] jf yfxf kfpg] zlSt ;dem 1f
. @= cfzo ljrf uf} cGbfh . ~ krfxf lj) aem] klg gaem]em}F ug]{ aem krfpg] . ~ k
) aem krfpg] sfd . ~ k]nfxf lj) hfgLaemLsg klg jf:tf gu] sfd ug]{ . ~ aemfy gf) !=
cfgf] kb jf :yfgaf6 ;?jfa9jf xb F f jf cjsfz kfpFbf sg} sd{rfLn] cfgf lhDdfdf x]sf
;sfL gubL, lhG;L dfn;fdfgx xfnjfnf sd{rfLnfO{ aemfpg] xfnjfnfn] ag] sfd . @= sg}
f ljifodf oyfy{ 1fg xfl;n ug{sf nflu ;f]wk5 jf hfFraem ug]{ sfd . aemSs8 lj) [
aem\ cSs8] rfF8} ag] hflgkmsf ahs | . aemfO gf) [ aem\ ( cfO)] != ag] efj, lq
k|lqmof . [aemfp cfO] @= aemfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] aemfOg s) lqm) ag] kf
lg . aemfpg k|) ] lqm) != af]w ufpg :ki6;Fu atfpg . @= lhDdf nufpg . alemg s)
lqm) yfxf kfOg hflgg .

al9ofal4 al9of gf) [a"9f] Oof] != j[4f :qL a"9L (>4fsf] cy{df) . @= 3sL dfp 3jfnL
. a9L! gf) [ a"9L] cbjf, xn]bf] cflb f]k] pld|Pkl5 af]6af6 lemlsg] ToxL aLp kfgf]
ufg . a9L@ lj) [a"9f] O{] != pd] k"f ePsL (;fwf0ftM krf; gf3]sL) j[4f kfsL . gf) @=
:tL :jf:gLdflg; . #= :jf:gL kTgL . ~ cf]vtL gf) kfvge]b . ~ cf}n F f] gf) xft jf uf
]8fsf] ;a}eGbf 5f]6f]df]6f] h]7f] cf}n F f] . ~ sldnf] gf) kR5kl slk|Psf] cln 7"nf
xg], km;|f] vfnsf] sldnf] . ~ u08sL gf) uf]vf lhNnfdf kg]{ nfs]{ Uofnf eGHofIf]q
af6 k|fDe eO{ wflb lhNnfsf] a]gL3f6df kuL lqz"nLdf ldNg] Ps k|l;4 gbL . ~ ufF7f] g
f) xftuf]8fsf a"9L cf}Fnfdf xg] ufF7f] . ~ hf8f] gf) cN5L dfGbf elgg] zAb . ~ ah
" gf) != a"9LaHo} j[4f gfL . @= wfdLsf Ps b]ptf af]S;L . ~ aHo} gf) != aHo}sL cfdf jf
;f;" . @= j[4f a|fXd0fLnfO{ af]nfOg] cfbsf] zAb . ~ dfp gf) != 3sL ;aeGbf a"9L jf
gfOs] :qL . @= 3u[x:yLsf] ;a} sfdsf] ;~rfng ug]{ kfsL cfOdfO{ . ~ df;L{ gf) nfdf,
v;|f dfnfsf kft tyf nfdfnfdf hF3f jf em; xg], ftf] sf] Ps hftsf] wfg jf To;}sf] r
fdn hF3]df;L{ . l9 gf) zf:qdf n]lvPsf] geP tfklg cl3b]lv rlncfPsf] egL dflgg] Lltlj
h kvf{b]lvsf] rfnrng . ;f;" gf) ;f;"sL ;f;" . a9]pnL gf) [a"9f] PpnL] a9f}nL, j[4f
:yf . a9]qf] gf) [a"9f] Pqf]] 6f6] l;dLh:tf] sf];f kmNg] h\unL nxf] jf To;}sf] kmnlj
z]if . a9];sfn gf) [a"9f] P; sfn] a"9f] pd] j[4fj:yf . a9f] lj) [;+) j[4] != w]} pd]
]sf] cfwf cfo vfPsf] jf krf; gf3]sf] j[4 . gf) @= klt nf]Ug] . vf8f] lj) w]} j[4
f{ . kfsf] lj) w]} lbg vfP cgej kfPsf] j[4 klkSj . :qL) a"9LkfsL . a9f}tL gf) [
f}tL] j[4 cj:yf a9f}nL . a9fOF gf) [a"9f] ofOF] j[4 cj:yf jfw{So a9f}nL . a9f}n
"9f] of}nL] != a"9f] cj:yf a9; ] sfn . @= cl3sf cgejk"0f{ pkb]zfTds jrg . atf gf)
sg} sfd ug]{ jf kf nfpg] v"aL ;fdYo{ zlSt aQf (pbf) cfgf atfn] e]6];Dd d of] sfd
o ug]5 { ) . atfO gf) [ atfp ( cfO)] atfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof aTofO . [ > ] atfO
g s) lqm) vfO{ ;lsg . atfpg c) lqm) [a"tf cfp g] ufO{a:t auflng n3flg . altg!
) lqm) [a"t O g] != ufO{a:t ufleg xg ule{0fL xg . @= auflng . altg@ c) lqm)
vfP afFsL gxg vfP ;lsg .
920

aQf gf) x]) atf . aofO gf) x]) atfO . aTofpg ;) lqm) [alt ofp g] != vfO{ ;Sg
ltg vfP l;4fpg . @= dg k]sf gftfuf]tf, sns6D  anfO{ lbg] jf ltgLxn] kfpg] ufpg
of}gL lj) [ a"t of}gL] uflegL ule{0fL . ay gf) [c\)] rgfjdf dtkq v;fNg lgot ulPsf]
F lgjf{rgIf]q . ~ SofKr PskIfn] lgjf{rg If]q sAhf uL cfgf] kIfdf dt v;fpg] sfd . ay
gf) [;+) aw \ P] != af]wf] cgxfsf] dfG5]nfO{ xf]RofP elgg] zAb . lj) @= a]9\uL .
abL gf) ;;fgf efOalxgL . abg  f gf) != 6fpsf] 7"nf] xg] Ps hftsf] df5f] awgf
. @= dl;gf s]6fs]6L . > abg  ] lj) != afSnf hLpsf] (s]6fs]6L) . @= clnslt 3d]s
f] uxlsnf] wf ePsf] (vsL) . abf}L gf) [abL cf}L] 3f]K6f l; ePsf], ;fgf] sfnf]
4 lj) [;+)] != hfGg]ag] al4dfg\ ljfg\ . @= lapFem]sf] hfu|t\ . gf) #= g]kfn tfO{
lDagLdf dfofb]jLsf] ue{af6 hGd]sf, zfSoj+zh, af}4 wd{sf k|jt{s uf}td a4 . $= l
ji0fsf b; cjtfdWo] Ps . Tj gf) a4 aGg] sfd a4kb . ~ wd{ gf) a4n] rnfPsf] wd{ af}
wd{ . kf0f a4sf] dfxfTDo j0f{g ePsf] Ps kf0f . ~ k|; ] gf) sf7df8f}s F f b?sfh
L eGg] sj ] /Tg jh|frfo{n] !($* ;fndf agfPsf] kmnfdsf] xft] k|; ] . > a4fud gf) a
4n] rnfPsf wd{sf] l;4fGt odlgod ePsf] zf:q . al4 gf) [;+)] != aem ;f]rljrf ug]{ ty
f lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] dfgl;s zlQm 1fg k|1f dlt . @= ;dem clSsn . ~ sf}zn gf) al4sf] rnfv
L jf ;Lk rtofOF . uDo lj) ag ;lsg] al4n] Eofpg] af]wuDo . rfn gf) ljleGg rfnd
], bO{ a]Un} sf cf7cf7 df]xf cf7cf7j6} Kofbf lnP cf7cf7 sf]7fsf cf7 nx xg] rf};
sL{df o4;~rfngsf] cgs0f u]em}F uL v]lng] Ps v]n ;tGh . hLjL lj) af}l4s sfd u] h
nfpg] . ~ tj gf) al4sf] k|dvtf x]sf] l:ylt, sf0f jf ;f . ~ kLIff gf) vf; JolQmsf]
4 jf af}l4s :t 7Dofpg tyf hfFRgsf lglDt lnOg] kLIff . ~ au{t gf) al4 an . an gf) !
af}l4s zlQm al4sf] an . @= al4rfn . dQf gf) al4dfg\ sxnfpg rflxg] dVo u0f .
dGt lj) al4dfg\ . dfg\ lj) c;n al4 ePsf] ;dembf . dfgL lj) al4dfg\df xg] u0f
. jfb gf) dgiosf] 1fgsf] ;|f]t Ps dfq al4 dfGg], 1fgdLdf+;fsf] Ps l;4fGt . ~ l
jgf]b al4 axnfpg] sfd . ~ ;\ut lj) lrQabf] ts{;Ddt .

921

a4an df8L w"nf] kfg{ aa xg] uL emfg{ . aalg s) lqm) aa u] emflg
g]{ ;Svf clt dl;g (kL7f], w"nf] cflb) . a?sa?s lqm) lj) [c) d") a?s\ c (l))] nuf
tf pk|mg] uL an{san{s . a?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") a?s\ s] bj} vf ;fy} prfn] pk|mg
an{Ss . a?ra?h gf) [kmf) ab] { afO{s} afhL yfk] afO{ n8fpg] v]n jf sfObf . a?;
f) [c\) a|z] != hQfdf kfln; nfpg], sf]6 cflb sk8fsf] w"nf] emfg]{, bfFt dfg], skf
n sf]g]{ cflb sfddf k|of]u xg] f}F, gfOng, tf cflbaf6 ag]sf] ;fwg . @= tl:a n]Vg],
eg]{ cflb sfddf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] xft] srL . asf{ gf) [c) as] { d;ndfg :qLxn] kk
fsf] b[li6af6 aRg cf]9g \ ,] cfFvf x]g{] 7fpFdf hfnL ePsf], zLsf] vf]nh:tf] k|foM
sfnf] klxg . asL{ gf) [;+) j0f{s] dbf{ 3f6df n}hfFbf af6fdf 5lg] jf zjsf 5ftLdf fl
vg] wfg, nfjf, rfdn cflb . as; { L gf) j]u;Fu km6\sf df] jf pk|mLpk|mL bf}8g] sfd
. (pbf) xfQLjgdf d[ux as{;L df] bf}l8x]sf lyP) . ar {] arf] { lj) [ ar  f]]
{hlt a9\g g;s]sf] l7Fuf] cfsfsf] as{Grf] k8\sf] . ahf{ gf) [c) ahM{ ] 3, dxn,
cflbsf] dflyNnf] tnfdf rf}lt/ vnf xg] uL k|foM uf]nf] lsl;dn] agfOPsf] sf]7f wxf c
flbsf] dflyNnf] c+z uDah . ahj { f lj) [k|m) ] ] cgbf jf kDkfjfbL ljrf fVg] kh
lt jf pRrsnLg ju{sf] . a { lqm) lj) [c) d") a\ ] dl;g w"nf] Ps em8\sfdf v:g] jf emg
{ uL . ans { lqm) lj) [c) d") ans {
\ c] pk|mfOsf] rfn;Fu . ans { lqm) lj) v
;Ln] pk|m] aa . > anS { s lqm) lj) v;Ln] vf prfn] pk|mg] uL as{;L dfg]{ r
nGb lj) [kmf) anGb] != v"a} fd|f] jf c;n . @= 68\sfnf] 7"nf] pRr (:j) . anan gf) [c
] h]nL rf] . > ananLanan ] gf) cl3lNtsf f}F nfdf fv] skfn agfpg] jf sf6\g] 9fF
anfsL gf) [t) anfs] gfssf] aLrsf] kbf{ 5]8] nufOg] xLf, df]tL cflb hl8Psf] ;gsf
] dGb|] uxgf ;f\uLsf] k"mnL . alng gf) [c) alnog] h\uL kf];fssf] sddf nufOg] kmnfd
hfnL . an gf) ufF;sf h:tf kft xg], kftsf] tn ;]tf] 6Lsf 6Lsf k]sf] u|lGyf xg]
f9f ftf] k"mn kmNg], cfoj]{bsf

a4 lj) [;+) a4 p] != al4 sd ePsf] s]xL ghfGg] af]wf] . @= ;fx} ;f]emf] kdf] . a
)x]) a4 . abS | s lqm)lj) [c) d") ab|s\ s] pk|mg] jf xfd kmfNg] uL . aba \ b
 gf) [;+)] != kfgLsf] kmf]sf] . @= kfFr ftsf] ue{ . aw lj) [;+)] != al4 ePsf] 1f
gL ljfg\ kl08t . gf) @= gf} u|xdWo] ;ftf}F ;"o{sf] ;aeGbf glhs} xg] u|x . #= rGb|dfs
f 5f]fsf] gfd . jf gf) != ;ftfsf] rf}yf] lbg d\unjf a[x:kltjfsf aLrsf] jf . @=
;fg]{ elgPsf] Pp6f jf . (pbf) a; a; dfxL, awjf hfpnL . glbg] afh awjf af5{g\ . nf
sf]lQm) . jf; gf) awjf . awgf gf) x]) abg  f . > awg] lj) abg] . awn ] xf]
ufO{j:tnfO{ 3fF; vjfOg] nxf]ljz]if . ag\g ;) lqm) [;+) jog g] != oGq jf xft] ;fw
gff nuf tof kfg{ l:j6, df]hf, kGhf cflb agfpg . @= ;sn, uGb|L, ;f]nL, 8f]sf] cfl
tof ug{ . > agfO gf) aGg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . agfOg s) lqm) aGg nfOg . agfp
g k|]) lqm) aGg nfpg . algofF gf) lhn]aLsf :jfbsf] ;;fgf ds}h:tf bfgf xg] ld7f
O{ alF bof . algofb gf) [kmf)] != sg} sfsf] h8 jf d"n . @= cfwf jf:tljstf . > alg
L lj) d"n ljifo jf sf0fl;t ;Da4 cfwfk"j{ssf] . agf]6agf}6 gf) [ag\ cf]6cf}6] sk8f
sf agfOsf] lsl;d aGbfsf] 9\u agfO . aGyL gf) unf] a9\g] f]u ufF8 . > aGyf] lj
xf]rf] jf k8s \ f] (dflg;) . aGy] lj) 3fF6L jf unf] a9]sf] uF8fxf . :qL) aGy]gL
. aaf gf) [ aaf] afa lktf . aa  gf) [af) af])] != b"w . @= lhaf . Ho" gf) != l
tfHo" . @= ;;f . aa " gf) b"w vjfpg] wfO{ wfO{cfdf wfqL . aeI  ff gf) [;+)] vfgf
sf] OR5f ef]s Ifwf . > ael  Ift lj) ef]sfPsf] ef]sf] Iflwt . aeI  f lj) Iflwt
f]sf] . aeT  ;f gf) [;+)] hfGg] jf ag] OR5f lh1f;f . > aeT  ; lj) hfGg rfxg] a
vf]Hg] lh1f; . aa lqm) lj) [c) d") a\ c (l))] kmsf] kbfy{ v:g] uL aafpFb
n] . > aatL lqm) lj) nuftf w"nf] kbfy{ v:g] uL . aafO gf) aa xg] lqmof jf
aafOg c) lqm) aa xf]Og . aafpFbf] lj) aa ug]{ aa] . aafpg c
f] w"nf] aa v:g . ;) lqm) @= sg} j:tnfO{ lkFwL

anl ] 6ga]v;  cg;f kft ufO{afv|fsf lglDt lavfn dflgg] bOt { Lg ld6 cUnf] Ps af
]6 . anl] 6g gf) [c\)] ;sfL kdf jf ;\3;+:yfff lgsflng] ;\lIfKt ;dfrfkq . ang ]
lnog] l;qmL ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . alNsg c) lqm) [anS  s O g] ans  ans  xg
9L r~rn xg pQflng dlRrg . > aNSofO gf) alNsg] sfd jf lsl;d . aNSofOg s) lqm)
anSs kflg . aNSofpg k|]) lqm) alNsg] kfg{ . aNnf gf) Ps hftsf] df5f]ljz]if
. ajf gf) [ ajf] afa lktf . ajfL gf) [;+) jLbfn] Ps hftsf] df5f]ljz]if . a;6{a
;6{ gf) [c\) azz6{] sldhsf] h:tf] sn afxnf xg], cufl8 vnf eO{ 6fFs nufOg] sldhs
f 5fF6sf] j:q . axfL gf) [;+) jw"6L] != 5f]f jf efOelthfsL kTgL . @= eflgh, ebf] c
flb gftf kg]{ cfk"meGbf sfG5fsL :qL . ~ emf gf) cdnfsf h:tf kft xg], 5Fbf vlDrg
] Ps hftsf] emf nHhfjtL emf . axft{g gf) [ axfL ;+) ct{g] != axfLsf] sfd jf cleef
axfLn] ug{kg]{ 3wGbf . #= axfLn] ;xg ef]Ugkg],{ ;f;";;f cflbsf] s8f cgzf;g jf
3sf] lknf] ;s; . a"b F gf) x]) aFb . a"6L gf)x]) a6L . a"9f lj) x]) a9f . a"9L
x]) a9L . a"9f] lj) x]) a9f] . a[xt\ lj) [;+)] != ljzfn 7"nf] a8]dfsf] . @= alni7
alnof] . > a[xtL gf) != 7"nf] jL0ff gfbsf] jL0ff . @= gf}gf} cIfsf] kfp xg] Ps jfl0f
{s 5Gb . a[xTsyf gf) u0ff9 sljff k}zfrL efiffdf n]lvPsf] syfxsf] k|l;4 u|Gy a8\8sxf
a[x:klt gf) [;+)] != b]jtfsf u?sf] gfd k|l;4 j}lbs b]jtf . @= ;f} hut\sf] Ps k|l;
4 u|x . jf gf) ;ftfsf] kfFrf}F lbg awjf zqmjfsf aLrdf kg]{ jf . a]; F L gf) [;
] kxf8kj{tsf km]bLsf] dlnnf] kgf}tf] hldg jf kmfF6 pkTosf a];L la;L . v]t gf) kfgL
fUg] wfg xg], vf]nf5]psf] hUuf . afnL gf) a]F;Ldf xg] wfg, ds}, df;, e6df;, cfn
 cflb ljleGg afnL . a] k") ;) [kmf)] != k|foM gfdjfrs zAbsf cufl8 nfu] cefj, lgif
]w, ljkLt cflb cy{ hgfpg] Ps pk;u{ . (h:t} a]OndL, a]sb, a]sfObf O)) . cbkcba lj) cb
jf cba gePsf] dfGohgsf] dfgefp gfVg] a];f]dtL .
922

cbaL gf) sfObfsb/ ghfGg] l:ylt cljgo clzi6tf . OHht gf) cfjZostf jf of]Uotfcg;fs
ht gxg] cj:yf cgfb ckdfg . OHhtL lj) OHht gePsf] nfh;d s]xL gePsf] . OGthfd gf)
|aGw gxg] sfd gfd|f] aGbf]a:t . OG;fkm gf) OG;fkm gxg] l:ylt cGofo . OG;fkmL lj)
;fkm gug]{ cGofoL . Odfg lj) Odfg jf ;Rrf Jojxf gePsf] cljZjf;L . OdfgL gf) 5nsk6s
Jojxf Odfg jf wd{sf] ljrf gxg] l:ylt . Ond gf) Ond, pBf]u, ;Lk, f]huf s]xL geP a
:ylt . OndL lj) OndpBf]u, k9fOn]vfO s]xL gePsf] cgBf]uL . ph lj) ph gnfUg] ljg
] . sb gf) sb jf k|lti7f gxg] sfd ckdfg x]nfF . a]sDdf lj) [ a]sfd] sfd gnfUg] l
. a]s; lj) [a] s;"] s; jf lafd gePsf] lgbf]{if lgkfw . a]sfObf gf) lgodlj?4 sfds
a]sfa lj) [kmf) a] sfa"] s;}sf sfa" jf lgoGq0fdf gcfpg] P]Frdf ga:g] . a]sfd gf) [a
] sfd] != sfd gxg] l:ylt ljgfsfd Joy{ . lj) @= sfd gePsf] a]sf . > a]sfdL lj) sfd gnf
g] a]sfsf] a]sDdf . a]sfobf gf) x]) a]sfObf . a]sf lj) [kmf)] != sg} sfddf gnfu]sf]
gePsf] a]OndL . gf) @= sfd gxg] l:ylt a]sfd . lqm) lj) #= lagfsfd lagl;lQ . > a]sfL
gf) a]sf xg] jf sg} sfd gkfpg] l:ylt a]Ond . a]sk  m lj) [kmf) a]jskm] al4, ljrf,
f]dt, sfObf s]xL gePsf] xf];Nof a4" . a]sk  mL gf) [kmf) a]jskmL] a]skm xg] sfd c
rfn a4"kgf . ~ b08 gf) s]xL ;f]rljrf guL sg} sfd u]afkt nfUg] b08 x:;"b08 . a]lSt
lqm) [JoSt O g] JoSt xg k|s6 xg . > a]STofO gf) a]lStg] lqmofk|lqmof . a]STofOg
s) lqm) JoQm ulg . a]STofpg ;) lqm) JoQm ug{ . a]v gf) [c) jSkm] klxn]klxn] lemfP
afkt s;}nfO{ ;sfaf6 lbOPsf] dfkmL hUuf dfkmL latf{ . a]va lj) [kmf)] != cQf]kQf] gePs
f] a]kQf . @= xf]; jf ; gePsf] cr]t . a]v latf{ gf) dfnkf]t ltg{gkg]{ latf{ dfkmL l
atf{ a]v latf{sf] ;d"x . a]vrL{ gf) [a] vrL{] vr{ gePsf] a]vrL{ . a]v; lj) [a] v;]
L gePsf] l;fPsf] ck|;Gg c;Gti6 . > a]v;  L lj) v;L gePsf] lagfv;Lsf] .

923

a]u/a]tnaL cflbsf] afaL . a]lh gf) [lr)] hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] fhwfgLsf] gfd k]ls .
8a]hf]8f lj)[a] hf]8hf]8f] csf]{ hf]8f gePsf] ctngLo cltLo . a]7 gf) [;+) ljli6] Ho
f k};fljgfsf] sfd . a]uf sn] aemfpgkg]{ b:t jf Hofnf gkfO{ ug{kg]{ sfd . a]7g gf
[;+) j]i6g] != k:tskl:tsf cflb a]ga {] fFWg] sk8f jf ?dfn af;f a:tf . @= s;}sf
kl5 nfu] hLljsf rnfpg] JolSt cgr . a]l7s lj) [a] l7s] 7Ls gePsf] a]dgfl;a cglrt .
L gf) [k|f) ljl > ;+) ljli6] != }tfgsf afl;Gbfn] hldgbf jf yLdlvofnfO{ aemfpg] sd
v]tfnfkft . @= f]kfOFdf kGr}afhf ahfO{, ef]h vjfO{ ulg] pT;j . a]7Ls lj) x]) a]l7s
. a]7]ufg lj) [kmf) a]) 7]ufg  lx) l7sfg] != 7]ufg gePsf] a]lyltsf] . @= cguGtL c;\Vo
. a] 8 gf) [c\ ) ] la5fpgf zof . l;6 gf) la5fpgfdfly cf]5fOg] Ps;f] sk8f tGgf
;+) j]i6] != 8u \ f jf hxfhxsf] ;d"x . (pbf) h\uL a]8f xn\uf] ljtt hnlwsf] Xj]n df5
f] xn\uf] . n]vgfy) . @= lagl;lQsf] emd]nf hGhfn . a]8L gf) [;+) jno] ckfwLsf uf]8f
df lemSg g;lsg] kfL 7f]lsg] kmnfd] sNnL g]n . a]8f}n lj) [a] 8f}n] 5fF6sfF6 jf k\u gl
sf] gfd|f] 9fFrfsfFrfsf] e2f . a]9\u gf) [a] 9\u] gxg] cj:yf fd|f] lylt gePsf] rfn
. > a]9\uL lj) sg} sfdsf ug]{ 9\u gePsf] ;Lk jf rtofOF kofpg g;Sg] a]9\usf]
lj) [a] 9j] != cldNbf] 9fFrfsf] agfj6 gldn]sf] g;xfpFbf] e2f . @= ljlrqsf] cgf}7f] .
a]9fO gf) [ a]9fp ( cfO)] a]9fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] a]9fOg a]9fpg] sfd ulg .
a]9fpg ;) lqm) [Aof8 cfp g] != afnLgfnLdf a9L pd|s ] f afSnf ePsf af]6la?jf 5fF6\g
jf pv]Ng . @= afns hGd]kl5 gfn sf6\g . #= sf6df ug{ 5Ksfpg . a]t! gf) [;+) jLt
] ;Ts]L xgfsf] k6s kzsf] laofpgfsf] kN6 . a]t@ gf) [;+) j]tj]q] != afF;sf h:tf kf
t cfFvf xg], gkmNg], nfdf] rfd|f] xg], rf]of 8G7Laf6 d]r, ;Gbs, nf}f] cflb pk
of]uL j:t agfOg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . lj) @= d]xgt ug{sf lglDt blx|nf] alnof] rfd|f] .
3fL gf) w]} a]t ePsf] 7fpF a]tsf] h\un a]t]gL . a]tnaL lj) [a] tna O{] tna gkfOg]
gfsf]

a]u gf) of]) [c) ju}] != afx]s l;jfo ljgf . lj) @= cltlSt leGg a]Un} . a]un lj) s
] v leGg csf]{ k[ys\ . (pbf) cr]n tkfO{F efO;Fu} a:gePsf] 5 ls a]un <) . > a]unfa]
un} lqm) lj) a]Unfa]Un} . a]uf gf) [kmf)] != Hofnf glbO{ jf gfpF dfqsf] Hofnf lbP nu
fOg] sfd . @= dg gnufO{sg ulg] sfd . > a]ufL gf) a]ufdf ulg] sfd Hofnflagfsf] v]tfnf]
jf HofdL . a]uGtLa]luGtL lj) [a] uGtLluGtL] != ulgg;lsg] cguGtL c;\Vo . @= c;fWo rf}
Unfa]Un} lqm) lj) [a]unfa]un}] ;Fu} gxg] uL cnUu} 5} leGg} . a]Unf] lj) [;+) ljnUg
c;Fu gx]sf] jf ghf]lPsf] a]un leGg 5f] . @= sfdsf] ; gkfpg] cndlnPsf] . a]UNofO
Un ( ofO)] != a]lUng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [a]UNofp cfO] @= a]UNofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [ > ] a]UNofOg s) lqm) cnu kflg 5fOg . a]UNofpg k|) ] lqm) a]Unf] kfg{ 5
a]r \ g ;) lqm) [;+) ljs[ g] df]n lnP dfn lbg laqmL ug{ lngkg]{ b|Jo jf j:t lnP
rLh cfgf] xsaf6 cnu ug{ . > a]rlavg gf) a]Rg] cflb sfd laqmL . a]rfO gf) a]Rg] lqm
of jf k|lqmof . a]rfOg s) lqm) a]Rg nfOg . a]rfpg k|]) lqm) a]Rg nfpg laqmL ufpg
 . a]rfa]r gf) k:kdf a]Rg] sfd d]n; } u F sf] a]rfO . a]rfxf lj) a]Rg] :jefjsf] laqm
ug]{ a]Rg] . a]lrg s) lqm) a]Rg] sfd ulg . a]rj  f lj) != laqmL ePsf] a]lrPsf] .
@= a]Rg agfOPsf] a]lrg] . a]rg } lj) [kmf)] != r}g jf ;vzflGt gePsf] czfGt Jofsn .
@= pf7nfUbf] pbf; . > a]rg } L gf) != r}g gxg] l:ylt czflGt Jofsntf la;Grf] . @= p
]kg pbf;L . a]R5]p6f] gf) gg, a];f cflb xfNg] sf7sf] k|foM kfFr v08 kfL agfOPsf] ef
F8f] . a]5Gb lj) [a] 5Gb] != 5fF6sfF6 jf l8n8f}n gldn]sf] 5Gb g aGbsf] . @= OR5fg;f
gePsf] e2f b]lvg] . a]hjfkm lj) [a] hjfkm] hjfkm lbg g;Sg] cj:yfdf kus ] f] hjfkm ge
Psf] ljgfpQsf] gfhjfkm . a]hft lj) [a] hft] hft gldNg] leGg hftsf] (v, sf7 cflb) . a]
m\tf lj) [kmf) a] c) hfaLt] != P]g;jfndf gldNg] jf lgodlj?4 a]sfObfsf] . gf) @= lgod
jf sfObf gldNg] 9\u a]OG;fkm cGofo . a]hf] gf) != ;f6f] km]g]{ p2]Zon] lnOg] sg} sf
k|ltlqmof abnf . @= gf]S;fg ePafktsf] egf{ . #= cfDbfgL vr{

a]t nf}/La]lkmqm tna glnP sfd ug]{ cj}tlgs . ~ labf gf) c lsl;dsf labf ;lsP tna gkfOg
jf sL xg] uL lng] lbg] labf . a]t nf}L gf) [a]t nf}L] ;]tf k"mn kmNg], cbjfsf 9fF
f kft sGb xg], nf}f]h:tf] Pp6} 8fF7 xg], lk;fa aGb xFbf tyf k]6 kf]Ng] f]udf ;]
jg ulg] a6] emf . a]t xfGg 6) [a]t xfGg] ;do ku ] klg glaofpg . a]tf gf) [a] tf
g] cj:yf jf rfn ljgftf . sf] tf gf) tfsf] ;xfotfljgf g} t\usf dfWodn] ljBt\zlSt
] tf cfsfzjf0fL . a]tfn! gf) [g]jf)] vfkfsf aLrsf], lbnfkxnfO{ cnUofpg] 5fpg] vl;k
a]tfn@ gf) [a] tfn] != ;\uLtdf tfn gldNg] 9fFrf jf l:ylt tfnsf] rsfO . @= d6s  f]
;fdfGo w8\sgeGbf kms tfn . lj) #= tfn gldn]sf] a]5fF6sf] a]9a . sf] lj) tfn jf 9\u
ldn]sf] a]5fF6sf] a]tfn] laTkft] . a]tfns lj) [a] tfns] != tfnseGbf aflxsf] tfnsl
gk]sf] . @= ;f]sf gePsf] jf:tf gePsf] . > a]tfnsL lj) != cfk"mnfO{ clVtof gePsf] tf
jf clwsfleq gk]sf] . @= ;f]sfljgfsf] . a]tfn] lj) [a]tfn P] ;/tfnljgfsf] w]} sf u
] a];f] laTkft] . a]t ] lj) [a]t P] ufO{a:t cflb laofPsf k6ssf] . (pbf) kfFra]t] e}F;
, 5a]t] ufO{, tLga]t] afv|f] O)) . a]tg ] L gf) [a]t PgL] a]tsf] ;d"x a]t3fL . a]tf]8
gf) [a] tf]8] sb\g], lxF8\g], xl{g] cflb zL3| ult jf 7"nf] j]u tf]8 . a]yf gf) [;+) J
oyf] != Joyf Hjf] cflb zfLls f]u . @= ;Ts]L xg] a]nfsf] si6 k|;jj]bgf . xfL lj
g] . a]lylt gf) [a] lylt] lylt gldNg] rfn c:tJo:ttf gfd|f] k|aGw . a]y  a]y ] gf) [;
jf:ts] v]tafLdf pd|g], aFb]sf h:tf ;fgf xlof kft xg] ;]tf k"mn kmNg] bfgf kmNg]
, tsfL jf crf vfOg] Ps hftsf] ;fu . a]bvn lj) [kmf) a] bVn] != bvn gePsf] jf bvn gulPs
] clwsfdf gx]sf] . @= P]Fr, clwsf cflbaf6 x6fOPsf] . > a]bvnL gf) sg} sfsf] bvn, cl
lbaf6 jl~rt xg] jf ufOg] sfd . a]b:t lj) [a] b:t] b:tdf gePsf] jf gldNg] a]Lt (p
b:tsf] lgj]bgdf sfafO{ gxg;S5 .) . a]bfu lj) [a] bfu] bfu jf vf]6 gePsf] s; gb]lvg]
gisn\s lgbf]i { f . > a]bfuL gf) bfu gnfu]sf] vf]6 gePsf] a]bfu . a]bfd lj) [a] bfd]
n glsl6Psf] jf ljgfd"Nosf] l;Q}F
924

kfOg] . a]4f dfgj gf) g[tjsf cg;f >Ln\sfdf x]sf elgPsf sd ljsl;t dfgj . a]w\g ;) l
[;+) Jow\ g] != Kjfn kfg{ 5]8g \  . @= rf]6 nfpg f]Kg 3f]Rg . #= lg;fgfdf nufpg
 tff] xfGg . a]w8s lj) [a] w8s] != s;}sf] ws jf eo gdfGg] lgl:kmqmL . lqm) lj) @= s;
}sf] ws jf eo gdfgLsg lgl:kmqmLl;t . a]wfO gf) [ a]w\ ( cfO)] a]Wg] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [ > ] a]wfOg s) lqm) a]Wg nfOg . a]wfpg k|) ] lqm) a]Wg nfpg . a]g gf) [c\) a}
G8] afbzfxL afhf AofG8 afhf . a]gfdL lj) [a] gfd O{] n]Vg]k7fpg]sf] gfd, y, jtg s]xL ge
sf] udgfd (lr7L, hfx]L cflb) . a]gL gf) [;+) j]0fL] != skfnsf] rN7f] . @= skfnsf
cfF7fsf] d]nn] rN7f] ag]em}F gbLxsf] ;\udn] ag]sf] 7fpF gbLxsf] ;\ud . ~ rDkf gf) rl
snf v}f af]qmf l8Dafsf kft xg,] gLnf jf ;]tf k"mn kmNg], af]qmf hf]df hf cfpFdf p
rfsf nflu k|of]u ulg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn . a]Gr gf) [c\)] != sf7, kmnfd cflbn]
ag]sf] w]} hgf a:g xg] Ps k|sfsf] nfDrf] d]r . @= GofofwLzxsf] ;ef jf cf;g GofofwLz
xsf] ;dbfo . a]Grf gf) [kmf) a]nrM] hldg efu ;fx|f] kfg{ 7f]lsg], nfdf] laF8 xg]
, rSsfbf kmnfd] ;fwg wlk{; . a]Gha]Ghf] gf) [c\) a]Ghf]] rfj6fb]lv cf7j6f;Dd tf eP
, uhfn] ]6] ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] tfafhf . a]Gg gf) wfgsf] aLp fVg] of Aof8 . a]kQf
] != kQf jf 7]ufgf gePsf] cQf]kQf] gePsf] lakQf a]va . @= 5]p6Kkf] jf cflbcGTosf] s]
xL e]p gkfOg] . a]kjfx lj)x]) a]kaf{x . > a]k/jfxL gf) a]kfaf{xL . a]kbf{ lj) [kmf)
a]kb{] != kbf{ s]xL gePsf] dof{bflxt vnf lgn{Hh . gf) @= kbf{ jf nfh gxg] l:ylt . a
]kaf{x lj) [kmf) a]kjfx] sg} sfsf] rf;f] jf jf:tf gePsf] dgdf]hL lgl:kmqm a]k/jfx .
kaf{xL gf) kaf{x gug]{ rfn jf:tf jf rf;f] glng] sfd . a]kf gf) [;+) Jofkf] dfndQfx pT
fbg jf vlb uL cfk"mnfO{ kmfObf xg] lsl;dn] a]Rg] sfd vlblaqmL Jofkf jfl0fHo . > a]k
) != a]kfsf] k];f lnPsf] dflg; Jofkf ug]{ JolSt . @= lgaffsf h:tf lavfn kft xg] vl
z]if . a]kmfObfa]kmfobf lj) [c) a]kmfob] != s]xL nfe jf lxt gxg] kmfObf gePsf] Joy{s
f] . gf) @= kmfObf gxg] l:ylt xflg gf]S;fgL . a]lkmqm lj) [kmf)] sg} lkmqmL jf lrGt
fkL glng] lglZrGt

925

a]jfFsa]nGr] j]i6g ufpg . a]fhL lj) [a] fhL] fhL gePsf] a]dGh ck|;Gg > a]fh
a]fdL lj) [lafdL < kmf) aLdfL] lafdL . a]lh gf) ;|]:tfdf lhG;Lsf w]} sndsf] cfDbfgL
] hDdfhDdL c\s . a]lt lj) [a] Lt] != Lt jf sfObf gldn]sf] a]lyltsf] . gf) @= Lt gku
jf gldn]sf] l:ylt a]lylt cgLt . > a]llt gf) Llt jf sfobf gldNg] cj:yf cgLlt . a]lg
) [a]\ O g] a]g]{ sfd ulg a]fO kUg . a]Lt lj) x]) a]l/t . > a]Llt gf) x]) a]l/t
lj) [a] ?h"] != ?h" ubf{ gldn]sf] ?h" gulPsf] jf gePsf] . @= a]Lt;Fu ePsf] jf LtefFt g
ldn]sf] . gf) #= cfly{s sff]af x]bf{ jf hfFRtf n]vfkLIf0fn] b;f{Psf] clgoldt snd .
a]?jf lj) [a]\ pjf] a]]sf] jf a]lPsf] nk]l6Psf] a]xjf . ~ cf}F7L gf) ;gsf] 8f]nf]
bO{tLg km]f] dflPsf] cf}F7L . a]f]s6f]s lqm) lj) [a] f]s6f]s] ljgff]s6f]s gf]sLsg
f lj) [a] f]huf] OndwGbf s]xL gePsf] lasfd] . a]f]hufL gf) [a] f]hufL] f]hufL g
~ eQf gf) ljsl;t dnsxdf f]huf jf sfd gxg] JolStxnfO{ lgjf{xsf lglDt lbOg] eQf lgj
{xj[lQ . a]gf{ gf) [ la?jf] sfpnL, fof], vf];f{gL, k"mn cflbsf] ;fg]{ cj:yfsf] ;fgf
] af]6 jf la?jf . a]g { gf) [;+) j]i6] lb;f a:bf ubfaf6 lg:sg] cfGb|fh:tf] gnL jf
To:tf] gnL lg:sg] Ps f]u . a]n \ g ;) lqm) [ a]ng g] d}bf, kL7f] cflb d5] ;;fgf 8N
f kfL a]Ngfn] lyRt} f]6L cflbsf] cfsfdf abNg kyfg{ . \ fdf tLgj6f kft xg,] ;]tf a
]n gf) [;+) laNj] != Ps e]6g k"mn kmNg], kft k|foM lzjhLnfO{ r9fOg] k|l;4 Ps sfF
8fjfn j[If jf To;}sf] uf]nf] ;fx|f] kmn . [;+) aNnL] @= jg:kltsf] nxf] ntf . ~ 3fL g
f) a]nsf vxsf] ;d"x yk}| a]n ePsf] 7fpF . bf lj) k"mnkft, nxf cflb cfsfsf af eP
f k]sf] . a]ng gf) [;+) j]Nng] != 5fkfvfgfsf] 6fOkdf d;L bNg] a]ngfh:tf] ;fwg . @=
f]8f cflb k]Ng] kmnfd cflbsf] 8f]nf] 7"nf] rSsf . #= a]ngf . a]ngf gf) [ a]ng] kL7
f] d5] f]6L a]Ng] jf kyfg]{ sf7sf] 8f]nf] ;fwg a]ng . sf gf) a]ngfsf cfsf jf 9fFrf
. a]nGr] gf) gfssf]s ] f h:tf kft xg] l;d;fdf pd|g] Ps hftsf] emf a]nfGh] .

a]kaf{x . > a]lkmqmL gf) sg} lkmqmL gxg] l:ylt jf rfn lglZrGttf . a]jfFs lqm) lj) [a
] jfFs] lagl;lQ Joy{ l;Q}F . (pbf) oxfF sfd} gePsf] eP a]jfFsdf lsg bMv lbPsf] <) . a
dhfa]dHhf gf) [a] dhfdHhf] dHhf jf cfgGb gxg] l:ylt gdHhf gdfOnf] . a]dtna lj) [a]
tna gePsf] sg} lsl;dsf] kmfObf gxg] lgy{s . a]dgfl;a lj) [a] dgfl;a] a]7Ls a]dgfl;a
a]dDdt lj) [a] dDdt] dDdt gePsf] jf gulPsf] 66]km6]sf] . a]dfv lj) [kmf) a]afs] s
fFsL gx]sf] ;a} rStf jf km5f}{6 ul;lsPsf] ladfv . > a]dfvL gf) a]dfv xg] sfd jf l:y
t . a]df lj) [kmf) aLdf] ladf lafdL . > a]dfL gf) ladfL . a]dg  fl;a lj) [a] dg
;a gePsf] a]7Ls cglrt . a]dn ] lj) [a] d]n] != hf]8f gldn]sf] d]n gvfg] . gf) @= d]n
gxg] sfd j}efj kmf6f] . a]df]h gf) [a] df]h] a]:jfb a]dHhf . a]df}sf gf) [a] df}sf]
f gkg]{ jf df}sf gk]sf] a]nf vfa ;do sa]nf c;do . a]df};d gf) [a] df};d] df};d gePsf
f leGg Ct c;fdlos ;do . > a]df};dL lj) sg} rLh xgk  g]{ ;dodf geO{ cs}{ ;dodf ePs
f] df};d jf ;dodf k}bf gxg] a]avtsf] (kmnk"mn cflb) . a]o gf) [c\)] r]s cflb lnP cf
JolSt jfxs . ~ r]s sg} ;t{ jf aGb]h gnufOPsf] jfxsnfO{ ;Lwf jf ;f; eStfgL lbg] vfn
f] r]s . a]of gf) [c\)] xf]6]n cflbdf sfd ug]{ tflndk|fKt jf ;lwPsf] klr, ;]js . a]
 ;) lqm) [;+) j]i6g g] sg} rLh jf j:tnfO{ wfuf], sk8f cflbn] nk]6g \  j]i6g ug{ 3
]g{ h]Ng . a] gf) [;+) j]nf] != lalt;s]sf] a]nf cjsfz afFsL gePsf] ;do ca] laofFnf
lqm) lj) @= k6s v] (h:t} clna], plta], slta] O)) . a]af gf) [a]\ af\] != a]g{]
= nk]6g \ ] jf 3]g]{ sfd . a]a] } lqm) lj) [ afDaf] k6s}lkR5] afDaf . (pbf) ;sn e
ft\ Sof eg"F a]a]} . efgeQmLo fdfo0f) . a]l;nf] lj) [a] l;nf]] != ; jf :jfb gePsf]
] . @= a]ldhf;sf] vf] . a]fO gf) [ a]\ ( cfO)] a]g]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] a]fOg
m) a]g{ nfOg . a]fpg k|) ] lqm) a]g{ nfpg

a]nkqa];L a]nkq gf) [a]n kq] a]nsf kft a]nkftL . a]nkftL gf) [a]n kftL] a]nsf kft a]n
a]na6d gf) [c\)] 7"n7"nf df]xf]tf xg] Ps lsl;dsf] kfOG6 (pbf) a]na6d, sf7df8f}Fdf
rNof] 6g . nf]suLt) . a]naf gf) sk8f, sfuh, sf7, leQf cflbdf agfOg] nxf, k"mnkft cf
lbsf] af . > a]na ] lj) a]naf k]sf] jf ePsf] (?dfn, sk8f cflb) . \ cfO] ;"of{:t 3f
8afO . a]na8fO gf) [a]n a8 a]n ljjfx gf) [a]n ljjfx] s08nL cflbdf ePsf] j}wJo bf]ifs
] lgjf0f cflbsf lglDt g]jfhfltsf :qLxsf] sd} pd]df a]nsf ;fy ulg] kDkfut ljjfx . a]n
f) [;+) j]nf] ;do 6fOd j]nf . a]nf@ gf) nf]xf]6f, cDvf]f cflb kfgL xfNg] efF8f] . a]
nf# gf) [c\) lecf]nf] uhfn] ]6] ahfOg], rfj6f tf nfu]sf] ;f\uLsf 5fF6sf] klZrd]nL P
f . a]nfO gf) [a]n\ cfO] a]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . a]nfOt gf)x]) a]nfot . a]nfOg s) l
qm) [a]nfp O g] a]Ng nfOg . a]nfpg k|]) lqm) [a]n \ cfp g] a]Ng] sfd ufpg a]Ng nfp
. a]nf8f]gf gf) ^) b]lv *) ;]) ld) ;Dd cUnf] xg,] dfnfsf, ;fwf0f tLvf 6Kkf ePsf k
ft xg,] unfkmL kx]n F f] jf xlof] 6Lsf6Lsf k]sf k"mn xg], hf kft lgb|f nufpg] tyf
kmnsf lglDt ljif dflgPsf] a6Lljz]if . a]nfGh] gf)x]) a]nfGr] . a]nf k~rf\u gf) [a
]nf k~rf\u] zecze dxt " ,{ zsg, flzkmn tyf k|Zg cflb ePsf] ;fdfGo Hof]ltifsf] sfd l
bg] kfqf] jf k:ts zsgf}tL . a]nfos lj) [a] nfos] nfos gePsf] gfnfos a]dgfl;a . a]nfot
f) [a]nfot] lj) klZrd of]ksf] Ps k|l;4 b]z la|6]g O\uNof08 ;+oQm clwfHo a]nfOt . a
otL lj) [a]nfot O{] a]nfotsf] a]nfot;DaGwL, a]nfotdf pAh]sf] . @= fd|f] c;n . ~ a}7s g
) ljz]iftM ljb]zLxsf] :jfut;Tsfsf lglDt agfOPsf] sf7df8f}s F f] l;+xbafl:yt k|l;4 a}7
s fd|f] l;FuflPsf] a}7s . a]lng s) lqm) [a]n\ O g] a]Ng] sfd ulg a]nfO kUg . a]n
!= dl;gf kft xg] Ps nxf]h:tf] af]6 jf To;}sf] ;]tf] ;uGwL k"mn . @= efFlt jf ls
l;d hgfpg] k"s zAb (h:tf] gfua]nL, gfnLa]nL) . ~ rGbf gf) emG8} lkmnu \ s ] f h:tf
kft xg], ;]tf k"mn kmNg], ftf cldnf s];|f nfUg] crf vfOg] Ps pb\leb ft] . ~ la:tf
) ;a} a]xf]f vnfP ulPsf] j0f{g k"f aofg jf egfO . a]ns  f gf) != 3fd c:tfpg vf]h]sf
jf c:tfO;s]kl5sf]
926

;do ;fo\sfn . lqm) lj) @= ;fFemkv ;fFemlt ;GWofsf] ;dodf . a]nsL lqm) lj) [a]nsf O
Femdf a]nsf . kv lqm) lj) a]ns  flt ;fFem;fFemdf . a]ng  gf) [c\)] leq xfjf jf
; e] p8fOg] v]lng], a cflbaf6 ag]sf] ljleGg cfsfk|sf xg] kmsG8f] . a]n! ] gf)
nf] != w]} jif{ kfgf] kfqf] j]nfk~rf\u . lj) @= a]nf ePsf] . a]n]@ lj) [a]nf] P] != a
nf] ePsf] nxfjfn (h:tf] gfua]n) ] . gf) @= 3ld|Psf ufbf l; xg] e}F;Lsf] gfd . a]n
f) [;+) jNnL] gd ;fgf;fgf dG6f xg] nxf] ntf (km;L{sf] a]nf], t?nsf] a]nf], sfFqmf
sf] a]nf] O)) . a]nf}tL gf) cDaf ntfd . a]Nrf gf) s[lifsfo{df cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] cf}
hf . a]N6 gf) [c\)] != k|foM ;}lgsn] zLdf sk8fdfly afFWg] 5fnf jf k6fsf] lkmQf sdk]
tf . @= ef}uf]lns jf cGo sf0fnfO{ cfwf agfO{ lgwf{0f ePsf] nfdf] ;fFw jf l;dfgf If]q
. a]N8f gf) v;|f kft xg], vlgof]h:tf] 3fF;sf] a6f] v;| cf]aff] . a]jskm lj) [kmf
) a]jskm] gf;dem d"v{ a]sk m . > a]jskmL gf) a]jskm xg] kg a]sk mL . a]j ] fl/;
a] jfl;] != jfl; jf k|ltlglw gePsf] . @= dfnwgL jf xsjfnf gePsf] cnklqPsf] . > a]jfl;L
lj) a]jfl; . a]jf:tf lj) [a] jf:tf] != ;f]sf jf jf:tf gePsf] ;DaGw jf ;Dks{ gePsf] lj
tnasf] . gf) @= jf:tf jf k|of]hg gxg] l:ylt ;DaGwsf] cefj . a]; lj) [kmf) a]z] !=
csf]{ j:t;Fusf] tngfdf fd|f] c;n al9of pDbf . @= ;Hhg enf] . a];p lj) [kmf) a]zpm
sn, 9\u jf ;f]dt gePsf] . a];g gf) [lx)] rgfsf] 5fF6fsf] kL7f] . sf] n8\8 gf) a];g
af6 ag]sf] jf agfOPsf] n8\8 . a];dem lj) [a] ;dem] ;dem jf ljrf ug]{ zlSt gePsf] ljg
f;demsf] gf;dem . a];Def lj) [a] ;Def] ;FefNg g;lsg] htg kofpg g;lsg] . a];d lj) [
d{] ;d jf nfh gePsf] gsRrf] lgn{Hh . > a];dL gf) nfh gxg] rfn lgn{Hhtf gsRrf]kg .
m) lj) [a]; uL] 7Ls xg]eGbf a9L xg] uL hf]l;t v"a;Fu fd|L 5fnAofn dgUo} . a];
fnsf k|l;4 j}ofs0f jL]Gb|s]zLff

927

a];fFwa]x|g a];f}gL gf) [a];fp cf}gL] != a];fpg] sfd a];f}6L . @= a];fPsf] cgfh a];fx
. a];f}L lj) [a];p O{] ;p gePsf] a];p clzi6 . a]:dfL lqm) lj) [a]; dfL] rsf]{;Fu
j) [a] :ofxf] :ofxf/ gulPsf] jf ug{ g;lsg] :ofxf gkus ] f] . a]:jfb lj) [a] :jfb] !=
b gePsf] lal;nf] vNnf] gdL7f] . @= :jfb gxg] l:ylt gdL7f]kg vNNofOF . > a]:jflbnf]
:jfb gePsf] a]l;nf] a]:jfb . a]:;] gf) [;+) j]Zof] != j]Zof . @= cfOdfO{nfO{ ufnL u
bf{ k|oQm xg] zAb . a]xs gf) [a] xs] != xs jf clwsf gkUg] l:ylt . lj) @= xs gkUg
] clwsf gePsf] . a]xb lj) [a] xb] != xb jf ;Ldf gePsf] ljgfcjlwsf] . @= yfxf kfOg;lsg]
w]} Hofbf . a]xfg gf) [ laxfg] laxfg . > a]xfgL laxfgLkv laxfgL . a]xfn lj) [kmf)] !
Puh|]sf] cj:yfdf x]sf] . @= Jofsn ljsn . a]lx;fa lj) [a] lx;fa] != lx;fa ulg;lsg] cg
L yk|f] . @= qmda4 gePsf] c:tJo:t . gf) #= cGofo aafb hyfefaL . a]xnL gf) [a]xnf]
ljjfxsL sGof bnxL . ~ et] gf) bnxL leofPsf] ef]lnkN6 Oi6ldq, bfhefO e]nf eO{ vfg
] rngcg;f bnxLn] ksfPsf] k:s]sf] k|Lltef]h . a]xf]\g ;) lqm) [ a]xf] g] != eOkl
bMv;v w}o{k"j{s ;xg h:tf] klcfpF5 p:t} ef]Ug jf vKg . @= sg} sfdsf lglDt xg]
vr{ar{sf] lhDdf lng P]eff af]Sg ce ug{ . #= sg} sfd jf sf] :jLsf ug{ ;sfg{ .
[;+) Jojxf] != dflg;df xg] c;n jf vfa afgL rfnrng :jefj . @= afgLsf] k"s zAb . a]xf]
gf) [;+) Jojxf] != sg} sf jf 36gfcGtu{tsf x]s aFbf jf bkmf sg} 36gf jf lqmofsnfkl;t
alGwt k|fdfl0fs sf . @= n]vfOsf] 5fF6 jf l;nl;nf . #= a]xf] . a]xf]fO gf) [a]xf]\ cfO
]xf]g]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . a]xf]l0fL lj) [a]xf]f C0fL] C0f lng] jf a]xf]g]{ C0fLsf] a]
xf]f pNn]v ePsf] (h:t} wga]xf]l0fLsf gfd td;s, fhLgfdf cflb sfutkqdf) . a]xf]lg s)
m) [a]xf]\ O g] a]xf]g]{ sfd ulg ;lxg vlkg . a]xf]; lj) [a] xf];] != xf]; gePsf]
:yfsf] d"lR5{t . gf) @= xf];sf] cefj cr]tgtf . > a]xf];L gf) != a]xf]; xg] l:ylt xf
]; gxg] rfn . lj) @= xf]; gfVg] xf]; gePsf] . a]x|g ;) lqm) [k|f) j]9fO{ g] x]) a]g
{ . > a]x|fO gf) a]fO . a]xf| Og s) lqm) a]fOg . a]xf| pg k|) ] lqm) a]fpg .

lrt, ;GbL klqsf (;+) !(^#) sf ljleGg c\sdf k|sflzt ck"0f{ g]kfnL nIf0fu|Gy . a];fFw
) [a] ;fFw] ;fFw jf ;Ldf gePsf] dof{bflxt . a];fO gf) [a];fp cfO] a];fpg] lqmof jf k|lq
mof . a];fOt gf) [a] ;fOt] gfd|f] ;fOt s;fOt . a];fOg s) lqm) [a];fp O g] a];fpg] sf
lslgg . a];fpg ;) lqm) [a];fxf cfp g] != wfg, rfdnh:tf vfBfGg vlb ug{ ;f}bf ug{ .
= hfgLhfgL ug{ cof]Uo sfd u] bMv kfpg emGem6 df]Ng . > a];fpgL gf) cGg cflb lsGg]
sfd, a];fpg] sfd . a];fp] lj) cfgf] v]tLsf] cGgn] vfg gkuL lsg] vfg] a];fP vfg] . a
;f! lj) [a] ;f] sg} ;f gePsf] kmf];|f] a]sfdsf] . a];f@ gf) cbjfsf 9fFrfsf] af]6
dlg To:t} 5fF6n] kmNg] kx]Fnf] Ps sGb bfntsfLdf xflng] To;}sf] w"nf] xn]bf] . > a];f]
lj) != lrKnf] sf u] lemfpg l;kfn nf]nf]kf]tf] ug{ hfGg] r]Ko|fOF kfg{ ;Sg] . (pbf)
6L t ;fx|} a];f] kf] 5, sfn] l7Ss kf5]{ .) @= a];fh:tf] kx]Fnf] . a];ff] gf) cfsf;df
v]6f rfn] Ps} 7fpFdf pl8xg] rLnhqf] Ps rf] . a];fofOF gf) a];f]kg 9fF6 . ~ 3:g c)
nf]nf]kf]tf] ug{ . a];fxf gf) [a];fp cfxf] b}lgs pkef]usf nflu a];fOg] cGgkft cflb
cfjZos j:t vlb ulg] cGgxsf] ahfefp . a];fxfL gf) [a];fp cfxfL] != a];fPsf] cGgn]
ug]{ JolSt . @= clgsfnsf ;dodf cGg vf]Hg cfpg] dflg; . a];L! gf) kxf8sf] km]bLsf]
d}bfgL efu, a]F;L . a];L@ lqm) lj) [kmf) j]zL] dfqf jf cfjZostfeGbf w]} a9L a9\tf
. a];! lj) [a] ;] != :j gldn]sf] lagf;sf] . ; jf sg gldn]sf] 6]9f]d9 ] f] af
8sdL{ sfFrf] k]5, a];sf] uff] kf] nfOlbof] .) > a];f lj) != ljgf:jsf] . @= bO{ yL
unfsf] jf tfsf] cfjfh gldn]sf] a]; ePsf] . a];@ lj) [a] ;"] != xf]; gePsf] :d0fzl
Psf] a]xf]; . @= cwa];|f] . a];N  nf] gf) [j]Zof pNnf]] uG8f] km8 F f] . a];f]dt gf
) [a] ;f]dt] != ;f]dt gxg] 9fFrf jf l:ylt c;Eo rfn . lj) @= a];f]dtL . > a];f]dtL l
j) ;f]dt ghfGg] dof{bf gaem]sf] c;Eo ceb| . a];f}6L gf) [a];fp cf}6L] a];fpg] sfd a];
Psf] cGgkft a];fxf . > a];f}6] lj) != vlb u]sf] a];fPsf] (cGg cflb) . @= a];fxfL . a]
f}6f] gf) a];fPsf] j:t . a];f}tL gf) [a];fp cf}tL] a];fPsf] cGgkft a];f}6L .

a]xj | faf]s] a]lx|g  s) lqm) a]lg . a]xj | f lj) x]) a]?jf . a}; F ! gf) k|foM v
f]nfsf 5]p5fp xg] nfdfnfdf kft nxfh:tf ts]{sf xfFuf ePsf] j[Ifljz]if . a}F;@ gf)
[;+) jo;\] r9\bf] pd]sf] cj:yf of}jg hf]ag hjfgL . bf lj) a}; F fn . > a}; fn'
jg elPsf] r9\bf] a}F;sf] . a}F;] lj) a}F; ePsf] a}F;sf] . a}s gf) != nf]Ug] klt kf]O
@= k'?ifhflt . > a}lsgL gf) != ljjflxt o'jtL lax] ePsL t?gL (k) g])) . @= :jf:gL .
#= :qLhflt gfL . a}ugL lj)gf)x]) a}hgL . a}u'g gf) [;+) lju'0f] != u'gsf] cefj gfd
f vfa ' L lj) u'g cju'0f . @= a]kmfObf ug]{ j:t' skmt . > a}ug != cn] nfPsf] u'g jf p
sf la;{g] s[tg . @= vfa u'0f ePsf] a]kmfObf ug]{ . a}
s \ gf) [c
\)] Aofh lbP ?lkof
Ddf ug]{, dfu]sf] a]nfdf e'QmfgL jf ;fk6L lbg], n]gb]g, t]hftL cflb cfly{s sff]af u
g]{ jfl0fHo;DaGwL ;sfL jf u};sfL ;+:yf Aof
\s . ~ sfafO{ a}
\sn] ug]{ sfd a}
\s;Da
f;a's gf) a}
\s lx;fak'l:tsf . a}hgL lj) != ftf] eG6fsf]
h:tf] ftf] gLnf] ldl;Psf
. gf) @= To:tf]
. a}7s gf) [k|f) lj] != dflg;x;Fu e]6\g], sf ug]{ ljz]if sf]7f . @=
f;ldlt cflbsf ;b:osf] Ps k6ssf] a;fO ;ef srxL (ldl6
) . #= b]jk|ltdfx a;fpg] cf;g . $=
efF8fs8 F f cflbsf] e'Od F{ f 6]lsg] kLFwsf] 3]f] . ~ ljj0f gf) ;ef;ldlt cflbsf] a}
7sdf ePsf 5nkmn, lg0f{o cflbsf] a]xf]f . > a}7sL gf) nuftf p7a;sf] cEof; ug]{ s;tljz
]if . a}7s] gf) a}7s ;hfpg] jf a}7ssf] ;;kmfO;DaGwL sfd ug]{ gf]s . a}7fO{ lqm) lj)
[ a}7fg] df] ldlt k'ofP (lbJo)) . a}7fg gf) [k|f) lj] != p7fg ePsf] sf] k"f ug]{
flKt . @= xg] 7fpF 7]ufg l:ylt . s cGo b]zsf] ljdfg cfgf] b]zsf] ljdfg:yndf cfO{ a;
]df nfUg] s . a}7fO gf) [ a}7fp (cfO)] a}7fpg] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] a}7fOg' s) lqm
] sfd ulg' . a}7fpg ;) lqm) [a}7fg ofp g] != p7\g} g;Sg] uL lk6\g ahfpg 7f]Sg .
t kofpg dfg{ . #= dh}l;t wgdfn xftnfuL ug{ . $= v"a vfg . a}t8L gf) g]kfnsf] ;
b " klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ dxfsfnL c~rnsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . { g]{ elgPsf] a
}tgL{ gf) [ j}t0fL] odnf]s hfFbf aLrdf tgk
928

b:t gbL j}t0fL . a}tf gf) gfpdf r9] hfg] sfd . a}bf gf) [ axLbf] x]) axLbf . > a
bfsf] sfd . a}gf gf) [c) a}cfg] lsGg], agfpg] cflb sfdsfsf] kSsfkSsL tyf ljZjf;sf lg
lDt klxn] g} lbOg] sd clu|d d"No k]:sL . ~ kq gf) a}gf jf a}gfaf ulPsf] sfut . af
uf cflb vlblaqmL ubf{ lng]lbg]sf aLrdf sf ldn]kl5 kSsf ug{ lbOg] clu|d d"No k]:sL sd
. a}gL gf) [ alxgL] alxgL elugL . ~ hjfOFHjfOF gf) alxgLsf] nf]Ug] alxgLhjfOF . a}g
lj) [a}gL P] a}gL;Fu ;DalGwt a}gLsf] . hjfOFHjfOF ] nf] gf) lbbLalxgLsf] gf) a}gLh
fOF a}gLHjfOF . > a}gp 5f]f] ;fgLcfdf jf 7"nLcfdfsf] 5f]f] . a}G8 gf) [c\)] afbzfxL a
hf a]g . a}os F ] f gf) dfnef]u s]fsf] h:t} af:gf cfpg], nfdf 7"nf sf];f xg] Ps h
ftsf] s]f . a} lr7L gf) [c\) afO lr7L] l6s6ljgf k7fOPsf] kfpg]n] g} l6s6vr{ a]xf]g
{ lr7L . a}n gf) [;+) anLjb{] aon uf]? . ~ uf8f gf) a}nn] tfGg] uf8f . ~ uf8L gf) a}
nuf8L . a}nf lj) [;+) jGWof] of}jg klkSj eP klg ue{wf0f gug]{ ;Gtfg ghGdfpg] slxNo} g
aofpg] afFemL yfL . a}lng c) lqm) [a}nf O g] d:t t?gL eP klg k]6 gaf]Sg a}nf xg
. > a}NofO gf) a}lng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . a}NofOg s) lqm) a}lng] kflg . a}Nofpg k
|) ] lqm) a}lng] kfg{ . a};fvL gf) [lx)] nFu8fn] sfvLdf RofkL 6]s] lxF8\g] nL vNof{v
L . af]s\g ;) lqm) [k|f) af]Hem g] != sg} efL jf af]emf cGoq n}hfg p7fpg aO{ r9f
sfFw xfNg prfNg . @= cleeff jxg ug{ hjfkmb]xL lng . #= ue{wf0f ug{ . > af]sfO gf
) af]Sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . af]sfOg s) lqm) af]Sg nfOg . af]sfpgL gf) af]sfgL .
af]sfpg k|) ] lqm) af]Sg nfpg . af]sfgL gf) af]Sg] sfd af]s]sf] Hofnf . af]sfaf]s
gf) kfn}l;t Psn] csf]n { fO{ af]Sg] sfd . af]sfxf lj) csf] d2f jf emul8of af]s] lx
F8\g] sfFw] . af]sjf lj) af]Sg] afgL ePsf] af]lsg] af]Sg] . af]s ] lj) [af]sf] P] !=
f]sfsf 9fFrfsf] af]sf]h:tf] . @= k8\sf] UofFr] . gf) #= af]sf] . $= nfDrf kft tyf
kfFrj6f nfdf 3ds ] f s];f | xg,] v}f k"mn kmNg], nfDrf kmn kmNg] ugfpg] vfnsf
] nxf] jf To;}sf] kmn . ~ lhf gf) ;]tf] vfnsf] 7"nf] hftsf] hLf . ~ l6d/l6Dd/ gf) a
6nf

929

af]sf]af]lw lj) af]lemnf] . af]lemnf] lj) af]em ePsf] ux|f}F . af]em] gf) csf] af]em
;3fpg] sfd kd{ . af]emf] gf) [;+) jrf] l;d;f hldgdf pd|g], cbjfsf h:tf nfdfnfdf kft
3f]ufsf cfsfsf k"mn xg,] uGwjfnf sGb kmNg], cf}ifwLdf k|oSt xg] Ps emf af]hf] .
af]6 gf) [;+) lj6k] != k|foM kmnk"mn, cGgkft cflbsf] ;fgf]ltgf] v kf]y|f] la?jf . @
= v j[If . #= d"nwg ;fpF lhnf] . $= j+zsf k|yd k?if cfdfafa . ~ wo] F f] gf) cDafs
:tf v;|f sk|f kft xg], v}f vfnsf ;]tf k"mn kmNg], sfnf l;nl6dhqf kmn kmNg], ;sfn]
]Ssf u]sf t]x| hftdWo] Ps hftdf kg],{ kx]n F f] efjsf] ;]tf] rf] xg] alnof] Ps j
[If . af]6 g la?jf gf} dL tf]L (pvfg) . af]6L gf) [;+) j06] != v]tLdf pAh]sf] df]x
L tlN;n] kfpg] x]s efu . @= efu v08 c+z . \ f lvofpg] JolQm dfemL . af]6 ] gf) [c\
6 P] 3f6df 8u af]8L! gf) [;+) jj6L] sf k"mn kmNg] tsfL hftsf] nxf]ljz]if To;
dfnfdf sf];f jf sf];fleqsf] bnxg cGg . af]8L@ gf) kfgf] gfktf}nsf] k|0ffnLcg;f wf
gL{sf] cf7f}F efu g]kfnL tf}nsf] Go"gtd dfqf (@=% kf]nsf] dfqf) . af]tn gf) [c\) a6
n] nfdf] vfnsf] 7"nf] l;;L . rL lj) af]tnafh . afh lj) S;Lafh S:ofxf af]tnrL . af
) [;+) kf]t] pF6sf] aRrf] . af]tf] gf) x]) af]xf]tf] . af]4Jo lj) [;+)] ag jf hfG
gkg]{ 1ftJo . af]4f lj) [;+)] ;g]sf] jf k9]sf] sf ag ;Sg] hfGg] (JolQm) . af]w gf
;+)] != ;g ] , k9] ag] Ifdtf jf ;Lk hfGg] jf ag] sfd ;dem 1fg hfgsfL . @= ;fGTj
. > af]ws lj) af]w jf 1fg ufpg] aemfpg] hgfpg] . uDo lj) ag ;lsg] jf ;demdf cfpg]
nf] . af]wg gf) != af]w jf 1fg ufpg] sfd aemfpg] sfd . @= hfu|t\ ufpg] sfd lapFemfO
. af]wgLo lj) af]w jf 1fg ufpg of]Uo aemfpg nfos . af]wlotf lj) aemfpg] af]ws . af]
wfTds lj) [;+)] af]w g} d"n kdf x]sf] af]w jf cgejff hflgg]alemg] af]wlqmofsf dfWo
cfpg] . tf gf) af]wfTds xgfsf] efj, u0f jf ljz]iftf . af]wfy{ lj) [;+)] != sg} s
fdsfsf] ljifo jf k|ultsf] cjutsf lglDt kfpg]afx]s ;DalGwt c\u jf JolQmnfO{ ToxL k|l
tdf tn hgfO{ 5} k7fOg] (kq) . lqm) lj) @= hfgsfLsf lglDt ;Demf}6f]sf kdf . af]lw gf)
[;+)] != 1fgk|flKtsf lglDt tNnLg xg] ;dflwsf]

7"nf bfgf xg] Ps hftsf] l6d . ~ bfx|L gf) af]sf] h:tf] lrpF8f]dlGt dfq} xg] em:
; k]sf] bfx|L . ~ nxf] gf) Ps hftsf] nxf]ljz]if af]s] . af]sf] gf) [k|f) af]Ss8] afv|
sf] efn] g;d]sf] kf7f] af]s] . af]sf] gf) ysfnL hfltdf kfFrb]lv afx jif{leqsf s]6fx
lahf] jif{ kf] ulg], a|fXd0fhfltsf] r"8fsd{h:t} Ps sd{ . af]Srf] gf) [t) asr] ;"rL
sfsf] l;pg] dfndQf fVg] y}nL ;h]f] aSrL . af]Sd]f] gf) tGqdGqff ulg] pRrf6g jz
]lqmg c) lqm) [af]qmf] O g] != ubL km]nf gkg{ kmf];f xg . @= OR5f u]sf] rLh gkfpg
lxl:;g, 7lug . #= lgfz xg . af]qm] lj) [af]qmf] P] != ubL jf ;f gePsf] lg:;f . @=
cf8Da dfq b]vfpg] 9fFrfjfn b]vf}jf . #= af]qmf dfq ePsf] af]qmfsf] . ~ wfs gf) b]vf}j
f wfs kmf];|f] 9fFrf cf8Da . ~ lgDtf] gf) b]vfj6L kdf ulPsf] lgDtf] b]vLlgDtf] . k
b]vfj6L rfn b]vf}jfkg . ~ ldhf; gf) x[bo}b]lv geP aflxL kdf dfq ulg] ldhf; dvsf] df
f]nrfn jf nf]nf]kf]tf] . af]qmf] gf) [;+) jNsn] != af]6la?jfsf] aflxL tx vsf] 5fnf .
@= kmnsf] ubLeGbf aflxsf] efu . af]S;faf]S;L gf) [af]S;f] af]S;L] af]S;f] af]S;Lsf]
;d"x . af]S;L gf) [af]S;f] O{] != af]S;]f] hfGg] jf 6gfdgf ug]{ :qL 8\lsgL 8fOgL .
= bi6f :qL . ~ sfF8f] gf) tLvf] Ps lsl;dsf] sfF8f] . sf] ;f; gf) -l;sf] af]nLdf_ x
L jf atf; . ~ 3fF; gf) nHhfjtL emfsf h:tf dl;gf kft xg,] unfkmL ;]tf k"mn kmNg]
, 6f6] vfnsf kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] sfF8] emf . ~ a9L gf) af]S;] a"9fsf] :qLk . ~ dGq g
f) af]S;Lsf] dGq . ~ ?v gf) jlklsf vxnfO{ afwf kfg]{ uL a9]sf] v . ~ l;tff gf) kq]
df emnNn emlNsg] l;tffh:tf ce|s s0fsf] ;d"x . af]S;] lj) [af]S;f] P] af]S;]f] hfGg] af
]S;faf]S;L;DaGwL . ~ a9f] gf) ghftL vfa cfrfljrf ePsf] a"9f] dfG5]nfO{ elgg] zAb To
tf] zAbdf ulg] ufnL . ~ le gf) 7"nf] 8nfUbf] eL dflg; n8] dg]{ eL . af]S;]f] gf)
] af]S;Lsf] dGqk|of]u;DaGwL ljBf af]S;LljBf 6gfdgf jf Jolerf;DaGwL sfd . af]S;f] gf
) [k|f) af]Ss;] != af]S;]f] jf 6gfdgf hfGg] JolQm 6Gofxf . @= ;fsL{n] hQf l;pF
bf k|of]u ug]{ ;fwgljz]if . af]hf] gf)x]) af]emf] . af]em gf) [k|f) af]Hem] != af]
lsPsf] jf af]lsg] ux|fF} j:t efL ef af]emf . @= sfo{ef lhDd]bfL . bfoL lj) af]l
if ux\uf] . > af]emf gf) af]em . af]lemn

af]lwtaf]x/L Ps e]b . @= af]lwj[If . af]lwt lj) [;+)] != af]w ufOPsf], aemfOPsf] .

@= af]w ePsf] k|a4 . af]lwtJo lj) [;+)] != af]w ufpg plrt jf of]Uo aemfpg nfos .
@= lapFemfpg of]Uo jf dgfl;a . af]lwj[If gf) [;+)] != eftsf] laxf fHocGtu{t uof eGg]
yfgdf x]sf] l;4fy{ uf}tdn] a4Tj k|fKt u]sf k|l;4 kLknsf] af]6, hg af]6dlg uf}tdn
] lyP elgG5 . @= kLknsf] af]6 . af]lw;j gf) [;+)] a4 aGg] clwsfL eO;s]sf] t a4Tjk|
flKt gePsf] JolQm . af]wf] lj) [;+) caf]w] != df]6f] al4 ePsf] eg]sf] sf] em gag] .
@= wf gePsf] eQ] (xltof) . #= a]5fF6sf] e2f . af]Wo lj) [;+)] agkg]{ hfGg jf yfxf
pg of]Uo . af]g gf) x]) kf]g . af]g; gf) [c\)] != nfef+z . @= k:sf Ogfd . af]DafafL
duLsf h:tf kft cfsif{s k"mn xg,] sf];fdf kmNg] Ps hftsf] a6L . af] \ g ;) lqm)
[af] g] != kfgL, eftefG;f cflbsf] n;k;df kfg{ af]g{] sfd ug{ . @= vfa sfdsf jf s;
g] sfddf km;fpg ;f]a kfg{ d5\g . af]! gf) [k|f) af]8] != kfgL, eftefG;f cflbdf l
if]w dflgP klg ePsf] ;Dks{ 5"t5ft n;k; nf6nf]6 . lj) @= ;FefNg g;lsg] c;Def . af]@
c\)] cgfjZos sfdsf jf emf]hemd]nfsf sf0fn] xg] dfgl;s 56k6L kfO Gof;|fk ] g. af]f
mf) af]lof] h6n] ag]sf], cgfh cflb xfNg] 7"nf] y}nf] . af]fO gf) [ af]\ ( cfO)] af]g]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] af]fOg s) lqm) af]g{ nfOg . af]fpg k|) ] lqm) af]g{] sf
d ufpg af]g{ nfpg . af]fxf lj) eftefG;f, kfgL cflbdf n;k; ufpg] ;f]a kfg]{ af]g]
lg s) lqm) af]g]{ sfd xg 5"jf5"tdf kflg . af]?jf gf) [af]f pjf] sfut agfpg] sfddf
of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] kf6 c3]{nL . af]f] gf) [ af]f] af]f . af]8{ gf) [c\)] != ;"rgf
q cflb 6fFl;g] kmNofs ;"rgfkf6L . @= rs jf vLn] n]lvg] sf7 cflbsf] 7"nf] kmNofs sfn
f]kf6L . #= sg} ljz]if sfdsf lglDt ul7t ;ldlt klifb\ . > af]8 { gf) sg} ljz]if ;dfrf
f dxjk"0f{ pb\w[tf+znfO{ lbg] ;fbf jf a]bf 3]f] . lj) af]l8{df a:g] cfjf;Lo . af]l8{
) [c\)] a:g] ef]hg ug]{ :yfg . ~ :sn gf) cfjf;Lo ljBfno . ~ xfp; gf) 5fqfjf; kfszfn
f .
930

af];L{ gf) [;+) alXg l;] cfuf] tflkg] Ps k|sfsf] kmnfd] dsn c6n . > af];f]{ gf) efG;fsf
7f (k) g])) . af]n \ g ;) lqm) [af]n g] != dvaf6 ;fy{s jf alemg] zAb lgsfNg jfSo
km6\g . @= sf ug{ af]nrfn ug{ . #= jrg lbg eGg sxg . $= rfr?\uL sfpg jf a
. af]n gf) [k|f) af]Nn > ;+) a|j  ] != elgPsf] sf] af]nL jrg . @= salnPsf] sf] sa
t1f . #= ;\uLtsf] dVo 6qmf jf no . sansaf]n gf) af]n]sf] jf san u]sf] sf (;t{,
cflb) af]n san sf k|lt1f . \ cSs8] ws gdfgLsg jf df}sfcg;f af]nSs8 lj) [af]n a
g] af]Ngdf l;kfn af]no } f. af]nrfn gf) [af]n \ rfn\] ;fwf0f sfsfgL k:kdf af]Ng]
t . af]nkq gf) [af]n kq] sfd ufpg] ;+:yfnfO{ sfd ug{ ;lsg] b]6 vf]nL 7]sbf jf ;f]sfj
n]v] lbg] sfut . ] f] sf] kofpg ;Sg] l:ylt af]njfnf gf) [af]n (l))] af]ns jf ;a}nfO
P]Frg] zlQm babaf rsrsL . af]nfO gf) [ af]n\ ( cfO)] != af]Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [af]nfp cfO] af]nfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] af]nfOg s) lqm) != af]Ng] kf
lg . @= 8flsg . af]nfpg ;) lqm) != lgDtf] ug{ 8fSg . @= cfkb\ jf bMvsi6df k]sf
nfO{ w}o{ ;fGTjgf lbg cf8ef]; lbg . k|]) lqm) #= af]Ng] kfg{ af]Ng nfpg . af]nf
s lj) w]} af]Ng] af]Ngdf l;kfn af]n}of . af]nfj6 gf) != af]nfpg] sfd 8fSg] sfd . @=
gdGq0ff lgDtf] . af]nfx6 gf) af]nfpg] jf 8fSg] sfd af]nfj6 . af]nL gf) [af]n\ O{] != d
vaf6 lg:s]sf] zAb jf0fL jrg . @= sg} hflt jf ju{sf] dft[efiff efiff . #= lnnfd ug]{
;sfg]{n] af]n]sf] bfd 8fFs af]n . $= rfr?\uL sfPsf] cfjfh . rfnL gf) cfkm;sf]
f]nrfn . jrg gf) != af]nL jrg af]nrfn . @= af]nrfn jf sfsfgL ug]{ tlsf . af]no } f
[af]n \ P]of] wffk|jfx kdf dL7f] ts{;\ut sf af]Ng ;Sg] vn] af]Ng] af]nSs8 . af
7 lrg]{tf5\g] sfd ug]{ hflt jf JolQm . af]; ] lj) [af];f] P] af];f];DaGwL w]} af];f]
ePsf] . ~ cfGb|f ] gf) k]6df af];f] w]} 6fFl;P xg] Ps cfGb|f] . af];f] gf) [;+) j;f]
k|f0fLsf] zLleq xg] ;]tf] lrNnf] kbfy{ d]b . > af]:ofOnf] lj) w]} af];f] ePsf] rfl
af];f] ePsf] . af]xL gf) [;+) afxaL] != ;;fgf sgfbf kft xg,] ;]tf k"mn kmNg], dl;
gf sfnf bfgf kmNg], k"mnsf] tsf{L, crf cflb vfOg] Ps hftsf] v . @= afhsf 5fF6sf] Ps

931

af]xfl/sAoF Aof\s gf) [ a}s \ ] u|fxsnfO{ Aofh lbP ?lkofFk};f hDdf ug]{, eStfgL jf
fk6L lbg], n]gb]g, jfl0fHo cflbsf] cfly{s sff]af ug]{ ;sfL jf u};sfL ljQLo ;+:yf a}
Aof\ss gf) yfO{ b]zsf] /fhwfgL . Aofh! gf) [c\)] != hflubfn] bhf{cg;f nufpg] ;grf
sf] ;sfL lrXgljz]if . @= sg} lrq jf ;\]st ePsf], wft, sk8f, sfut cflbaf6 agfOPsf] n
uf, sf]6 cflbdf nufOg] lrXg . Aofh@ gf) [;+) Aofh] s;}n] lnPsf] gubL jf lhG;L ;f
k6Ldf d"n wgeGbf a];L nfUg] sancg;fsf] jf lglb{i6 j[l4sf] gubL cyjf lhG;L sd lgLn]
aemfpg] ;fpFafx]ssf] cltlSt wg jf j:t . > AofhLAofh] lj) Aofh nfUg] Aofh nfu]sf]
. Aof6LAof6L gf) [c\) Aof6L] f;folgs kbfy{xsf] wgfTds C0ffTds of]uaf6 pmhf{ lg:sL
g] OlGhg, ]l8of] cflb rNg] d;nfljz]if . Aof8 gf) [k|f) aLcf9] wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf]
aLp pdfg{ agfOPsf] hldg jf To:tf] aLp flvPsf] 7fpF laof8 . > Aof8] gf) Aof8sf] sfd
ug]{ JolQm aLp sf9\g] v]tfnf] . Aof8\ldG6g gf) [c\)] KjfFvn] ag]sf] v]nf}gf (ss{)nfO
{ ofs]6n] xofO{ aLrsf] hfnLbf kbf{ g3fP v]lng] Ps v]n KjfFvd\u|L . Aofg gf) ;fj{h
|rfk|;fsf lglDt sk8fdf n]lvPsf] hfgsfLd"ns gff jf ;"rgf . Aofl:6 gf) [c\)] pRr bhf{
lsn afln:6 . > Aofl:6L gf) pRr txsf] jsfnt afln:6L . Aof] lgkf) [kmf) afx ;+) ]]
dy{g hgfpg nf8Kofn] k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) xf] Aof], dfdfn] laxfg xfdLnfO{ k]8f lbg
ePsf] lyof]) . Aof]s gf) [c\) a}s ] ] ;}lgsx a:g] ;sfL 3 ;}lgs lzlj 5fpgL . Aof
xfjfsf] rfk gfKg] oGq rfkdfks oGq . AofnL gf) x]) laxfnL . Aof; gf) [;+) Jof;] lxp
F kUn]sf] a]nfdf g]kfn ltAatsf aLr cfjthfjt ulg] bfr{nf lhNnfsf] klZrdf]Q lnk n]s
df x]sf] 3f6L Jof;If]q ls\sa];L . > Aof;L gf) g]kfnsf] ;b " klZrdL e]sdf a:g] Ps hf
of; lxdfnsf sfvsf] afl;Gbf . AofxnL gf) [Aofxnf] O{] a]xnL a]pnL Aof}nL . ~ et]/ a]
xnLet]/ . Aofxnf] gf) lax] xg] s]6f] a]xnf] a]pnf] Aof}nf] . AoF gf) [ lapF] lap
.

k|sfsf] lx+;|s kIfL . af]xfls gf) klxn]klxn]sf Gofoljefusf] sg} sd{rfL . af]xf]tf] gf
k|foM ;fnsf xlof kft l;Gsfn] v6] ufFl;g], rf sgf k]sf] jf af6nf] 7"nf] bg af]tf]
. af}8 F fO{ gf) 3fd 8a]kl5 gfRg yfNg] ;ff}Fsf 5fF6sf] Ps hftsf] rf] a];f] rf] . af}
lj) [;+)] != a4 jf al4;DaGwL af}l4s . gf) @= a4wd{sf] cgofoL jf Tof] wd{ dfGg
] ;Dk|bfo . #= sf7df8f}s F f] k"jf]{Qdf rfjlxn glhs} x]sf] Ps k|l;4 :t"k . ~ wd{ gf
) a4n] rnfPsf] wd{ a4wd{ . ~ wfd gf) != af}4dfuL{xsf] tLy{:yn . @= bfhL{lndf x]sf]
k|l;4 :t"ksf] gfd . ~ leIf gf) af}4 wd{ u|x0f uL leIfk wf0f u]sf] JolQm . ~ dt gf)
4n] rnfPsf] dt af}4 ;Dk|bfo . af}l4s lj) [;+)] != al4af6 xg] al4;DaGwL al4sf] .
@= al4ff u|x0f ulg of]Uo . tf gf) af}l4s xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . af}g c) lqm) !=
t cj:yfaf6 r]tdf cfpg xf]; kms{g lapFtg . @= d]d]h:tf] eO;s] afFRg . af} gf) e6
] hf} . af}f gf) lbp;f]sf] vfgf lbjfef]hg . af}fO gf) [ af} ( cfO)] af}g] lqmof jf
. [ > ] af}fOg s) lqm) af}g] kflg lapFtfOg . af}fpg k|) ] lqm) af}g] kfg{ la
. af}lg c) lqm) lapFltg . af}nL gf) [ axnL] af}nfxfsf] 5fF6 kfunkg . af}nfO gf)
nfp ( cfO)] af}nfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] af}nfOg c) lqm) af}nfxf xf]Og . af}
nfpg c)lqm)x]) axnfpg . af}nfxf lj) [ axnf] af}nfPsf] axnf kfun l;Nn8 5F6fxf .
}nfxL lj) af}nfPsL axnfO{ 5F6fxL kunL . af}:of gf) nf]Ug] klt . Aoxf]/f gf)x]) a]xf
. AofFu ] gf) 8fkf6f . ~ sldnf] gf) vsf kftdf kf]sf] k] a:g], lrNg] vfnsf] kx]Fnf]
nf] AofFu] . AofFnf] lqm) lj) x]) laofFnf] . AofF;L gf) a]; F L. AofO gf) [Aofp cfO] A
ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof laofO . AofOtf lj) [;+) ljjflxtf] lax] u] leofOPsL (:jf:gL) la
fOtf ljjflxtf . > AofOt] lj) laxfOt] AofOtf . AofOg c) lqm) [Aofp O g] laofOg . Aofp
bf] lj) laofpFbf] . Aofpg c) lqm) laofpg . Aofu gf) [c\)] 5fnf, sk8f cflbn] ag]sf]
;fgf] y}nf] jf emf]nf . Aofljof 7"nf] v;|] Eofutf] Eofutf] .

Aoe F mga|Xdf08 AoFemg c) lqm) [ lapFemg] lapFtg . > AoFemfO gf) Ao"Femg] lqmo
jf k|lqmof . AoFemfOg s) lqm) lapFemfOg . AoFemfpg k|]) lqm) lapFemfpg . Ao
Flemg c) lqm) lapFlemg . Aoe F mf] lj) Ao"Fem]sf] lapFemf] . AoFtg c) lqm) [ la
Ftg] lapFtg lapFemg . > AoFtfO gf) Ao"t F g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . Aot F fOg s)
lqm) lapFtfOg . Aot F fpg k|) ] lqm) lapFtfpg . Aol F tg c) lqm) lapFltg .
Ao gf) [ lap] aLh lap . kfFh ] gf) aLpkfFh] . Aof] gf) [c\)] ;\3;+:yf cflbsf] s
jefu . a|Xd gf) [;+)] != j]bfGtbz{gcg;f hut\sf] d"n sf0f dflgPsf] ;t\, lrt\ cfgGb:
jk tyf lgTo, lglj{sf dxfg\ r]tgtj . @= cfTdf kdfTdf O{Zj . #= j]b . $= a|Xdf a|fX
= ;To . ^= k|0fj . ~ sGof gf) ;:jtL a|fXdLa"6L . ~ sd{ gf) a|fXd0fn] ug{kg]{ o1 ug
{ufpg, k9\gk  9fpg, bfg lbg, bfg lngh:tf j]bljlxt sd{ . s"r{ gf) != k|folZrQs
f lglDt ulg] Ps j|t . @= k~ruJo . ~ u|lGy gf) hg}df agfOg] bf]xf] lzvfljz]if . 3fts3
ftL lj) a|fXd0fsf] xTof ug]{ . ro{ gf) :qL;dfudaf6 cnu xL j]bflbsf] cWoog ulg], a|fX
d0f cflbsf] sd{ jf j|t cfo{xsf rf cf>ddWo] klxnf] cf>d . rof{>d gf) a|Xdro{df x] j]
bsf] cWoog ulg] Ps cf>d cljjflxt 5fqhLjg . rfl0fL gf) != a|Xdro{df x]sL cWoogt :qL
gjbuf{dWo] bf];|L eujtL kfj{tL . rfL gf) a|Xdro{jt | kfng ug]{ tyf a|Xdrof{>ddf x]
sf] JolSt . 1 lj) a|Xd1fgL . ~ 1fg gf) a|Xd;DaGwL jf kfdfly{s tjsf] 1fg . ~ 1fgL lj)
a|XdnfO{ lrg]sf] k/dfy{tj aem]sf] jf hfg]sf] . 0o lj) != a|Xd jf a|fXd0fdf >4f fVg]
j]bfWoog jf O{Zjdf t . @= a|Xd;DaGwL a|fXd0fsf] of]Uo . ~ tj gf) a|Xd g} ;To xf] of]
ljZj a|Xddf g} cfl>t 5 eGg] sf] a|Xd jf ka|Xd;DaGwL jf:tljs tYo . ~ t]h gf) a|Xdro{ j
f a|Xd1fgaf6 k|fKt xg] ljnIf0f bLlKt a|Xd jf a|fXd0fsf] t]h . Tj gf) a|Xddf xg] jf
rflxg] zlSt u0f . b|fx ] L lj) a|fXd0fsf] vf]Of] vGg] O{Zjsf] b|f]x ug]{ . ~ gu
kf0fdf jl0f{t Ps ;x . gfn gf) != kzkltgfysf] dlGbdf r9fOPsf] hn afUdtL gbLdf lg:sg
] 7fpF . @= lzjhLnfO{ ck{0f u]sf] hn aUg] gfnf . #= hLjgsf] clGtd 38Ldf ku]sf] J
olQm jf zjnfO{ lxGb" kDkfcg;f lzjdlGb glhssf] gbL jf hnfzosf] t6df dlGbtkm{ l;fgL /
ndf vf kg]{ uL ;tfpg] 7fpF . ~ lgjf{0f gf) a|Xddf no xg] l:ylt df]If . lgi7 lj) O
ZjlrGtgdf nfu]sf] a|Xd1fgL . kb gf) != a|XdTj dlSt . @= a|fXd0fTj . ~ kq gf) != a
fsf dgsf] ;\sNkaf6 k}bf ePsf dflgg] gfb, jl;i7, dLlr cflb
932

Clif . @= dfg;f]jaf6 lg:s] eftsf] cf;fd k|b]z eO{ u\ufhLdf ldNg] Ps gbL . #= kfFrv08]
kft xg], nfdf] e]6\gfdf ftf k"mn kmNg] sfnf hf xg], lxdfndf kfOg] a6Lljz]if .
~ kf0f gf) c7f dxfkf0fdWo] Ps . kL gf) != a|Xdnf]s . @= a|fXd0fsf] a:tL . ~ an
tk cflbaf6 ldNg] zlSt . ~ laGb gf) j]bkf7 jf dGqf]Rrf0f ubf{ dvaf6 lg:sg] yssf]
yf]kf] . ~ o1 gf) j]bj]bf\usf] cWoogcWofkg k~r dxfo1dWo] Ps o1 . ofu gf) a|Xdo1 . ~
of]u gf) a|Xdsf] ;fIffTsfsf lglDt ulg] of]u jf ;dflw . Gw| gf) lgwfeGbf dfly lzvfeG
tnsf] sf]dn :yfg tfnsf] Kjfn jf l5b| . ~ ;"q gf) != hg} o1f]kljt . @= Jof;dlgff lrt
Ps k|l;4 bz{gu|Gy . a|Xdlif{ gf) [;+)] != jl;i7 cflb dGqb|i6f Clif . @= a|fXd0f Cl
if . ~ b]z gf) dg:d[ltsf cg;f cfgf] cGtu{t s?If]q, dT:o, kf~rfn tyf z";]g b]z x]sf]
Ps k|frLg e"efu . a|Xdnf]s gf) [;+)] a|Xdf xg] :yfg a|Xdfsf] nf]s . a|Xdjfb gf) [;+)
] != hut\sf] ;[li6 a|Xdaf6 eP a|Xddf g} no xG5 eGg] l;4fGt jf ts{ c}tjfb . @= j]bs
f] k7gkf7g . > a|XdjfbL lj) != a|Xdjfbsf] cgofoL . @= j]bsf] k7gkf7g ug]{ j]bfGtL
. a|Xdljb\ lj) [;+)] a|Xdsf] 1ftf a|Xd1fgL . a|Xd ljBf gf) [;+)] a|Xdsf] 1fg ufpg]
ljBf cWofTdljBf (uLtf, pklgifb\ cflb) . a|Xdj]Qf lj) [;+)] a|Xd1fg ePsf] a|Xd1fgL a|
Xdljb\ . a|Xd ;dfh gf) [;+)] != wfld{s ;wfsf] p2]Zo lnO{ a\ufnsf fhf fddf]xg fon] rn
Psf] Ps cfwlgs ;Dk|bfo . @= a| f Xd0fsf] ;dfh . > a| X d ;dfhL lj) != a|Xd;dfh;D
aGwL . @= a|Xd;dfhsf] cgofoL . a|Xd:j gf) [;+)] != a|fXd0fsf] wg;DklQ . @= a|fXd
0fsf] c+z jf efu . a|Xd xTof gf) [;+)] a|fXd0fsf] xTof jf jw a|fXd0fnfO{ dfg{sf]
kfk jf ckfw . a|Xdf gf) [;+)] != kf0fcg;f a|Xdsf tLg ;u0f kdWo] ;+;fsf] ;[li6 ug]{
egL dflgPsf] dVo k a|Xdf, lji0f, dx]Zj lqb]jdWo] Ps ;[li6stf{ dVo b]jtf k|hfklt .
@= o1sf dVo xf]tf k|wfg kf]lxt . > a|XdfIf gf) sf k|0fj . a|Xdf0fL != a|XdfsL zlS
= a|XdfsL kTgL . #= ;:jtL . $= b]jLsf] Pp6f gfd . a|Xdf08 gf) [;+)] != k[YjL, cGtlI
f, u|xgIfq cflbn] oSt jf cgGt nf]s ejgx ePsf] ljZj ;+;f . @= vKk vf]k8L . ~ kf0f
kf0fdWo] Ps . > a|Xdf08Lo lj) a|Xdf08df xg] jf To;;Fu ;DaGw fVg] .

933

a|XdfgGbAjfon la|h gf) [c\)] tf;sf] Ps k|sfsf] v]n . la|l6; lj) [c\) la|l6;] la|6]g;
wL la|6]gsf] c\u|]hL . la|6]g gf) [c\)] a]nfot a]nfOt . a|c  L gf) [c\)] d tyf l
bgzfnf . a|s ] gf) [c\)] df]6, ]n, ;fOsn cflb ;jfL jf sg} oGqsf] ult aGb ug]{ cjoj .
> a|s ] lj) != a|s ] nufpg] f]Sg] (JolSt jf ;fwg) . @= lgoGq0f ug]{ . ] gfdsf JolSt
n] cfljisf u]sf], a|n ] gf) [c\)] nO; a|n 5f]P k9\g n]Vg hfGg] Joj:yf ePsf] cGwfx
j0f{dfnf . a|]l;o gf) [c\)] :tgs; rf]nL a|f s~rsL . a|f]s]6 gf) [c\)] emem ug]{
] ;fh;Hhfsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . Ans gf) [c\)] != lrq, cIf cflb 5fKg]
sf7, a, h:tf tfdf cflbsf] ;fFrf] 5kfO;fFrf] . @= sg} If]qsf] lgwf{lt efu . Anl6 gf
n]Vtf sndn] 5fb]sf] jf a9L ePsf] d;L ;f]:g] Ps k|sfsf] v;|f] sfut ;f]:tf zf]if0fL .
k]k gf) Anl6 ;f]:tf ;f]Vtf . An8 a}+s gf) [c\)] Qm ;~roe08f . Anfph gf) [c\)]
l8k5fl8 bj}lt a9L vf]lnPsf] cfwf afxnf xg], 6fFs nufOg] rf]nf] . An]8 gf) [c\)]
5f, s}FrL cflb xltofsf] wf . @= skfn, f}F, bfx|L vf}g] kQL . ANofs lj) [c\)] sfnf]
ff] d}nf] . ~ af]8{ gf) sfnf]kf6L . ~ dfs]6 { gf) uKt kdf jf cj}w lsl;dn] a9L d"No
lnP dfn laqmL ug]{ ahf rf]ahf sfnf]ahf . ANof\s kmfo gf) [c\)] eL8ef8 jf cft\s
xfjfdf rnfOg] uf]nL xjfO{kmfo/ . AjfF;f] gf) [;+) j[s] != kzxnfO{ ubfaf6 xft xfn]
fGb|f lemsL dfg]{ Ps lx+;|s kz h\unL ss . lj) @= lrKnf sf uL csf] lauf ug]{ s
] w"t{ (dflg;) . Ajfon gf) [c\)] df; vfOg] ljsf;] sv  fsf] Ps hft .

a|XdfgGb gf) [;+)] a|Xd1fgff k|fKt xg] cnf}lss cfgGb jf t[lKt a|Xd:jksf cgejsf] cfg
Gb . a|Xdfjt{ gf) [;+)] ;:jtL b[iftL gbLsf aLrdf x]sf] If]q k|frLgsfnsf] cfo{a:tL .
|Xdf;g gf) [;+)] a|Xdsf] lrGtg ug{sf lglDt l:y a;] WofgdUg eO{ ulg] Ps k|sfsf] cf;g .
a|f gf) [c\)] :tg emf]lng glbO{ sl;nf] kf] 9fSg] rf]nLh:tf], k5fl8 lkmQfn] afFlwg]
;fwg a|l] ;o s~rsL . a|fG8L gf) [c\)] c\u cflb kmnaf6 tof kflg] Ps lsl;dsf] s8f
fXd lj) [;+)] != a|Xd;DaGwL . @= a|Xdf jf a|fXd0f;DaGwL . #= j}lbs . gf) $= cf7 k
|sfsf ljjfxljlwdWo] Ps . a|fXd0f gf) [;+)] != cfo{hfltsf] ;fdflhs ljefhgcg;f rf j0f
{ jf hfltdWo] k|yd >]0fLsf] dflgg] ;dfh . @= To; ;dfh jf j0f{sf] dflg; ljk| afxg
. #= j]bsf] dGq ;+lxtfb]lv leGg efu . $= a|Xd1fg ePsf] jf j]b hfGg] JolSt . Tj gf
) a|fXd0fdf xg] u0f a|XdTj . ~ b]jtf gf) clUg a[x:klt . a|j  gf) a|Xdsd{ ;+:sf
|fXd0f gfddfqsf] afxg . ~ ef]hg gf) wd{sd{sf lglDt a|fXd0fxnfO{ ufOg] ef]hg . > a|f
Xd0fL gf) a|fXd0f hftsL :qL afxgL . a|fXd dxt " { gf) [;+)] ;"of]{bo xgeGbf b
O{ 38Lcl3sf] ze tyf kljq dflgg] ;do lem;ld;] a]nf piffsfn k|ftMsfn . a|fXd ljjfx gf
) [;+)] wd{zf:qdf jl0f{t cf7 k|sfsf ljjfxdWo] ;dfg hflt leGg uf]qsf aLrdf jnfO{ 3df
af]nfP j}lbs ljlwcg;f j:q, cfe"if0f;lxt sGofbfg lbOg] Ps ljjfx k4lt . a|fXdL gf)
[;+)] != a|XdfsL zlSt (;:jtL, buf{ cflb) . @= nlntlj:tsf cg;f hGdbftf a|Xdf dflgPsf
, cf7f}F ztfAbLeGbf klxn]b]lv k|rlnt tyf b]jgfuL lnlksf] pTkfbs Ps k|frLg lnlk .
la|u]8 gf) [c\)] ;]gfsf] Ps ljefu jf bn jflxgL . > la|ul ] 8o lj) la|u8 ] jf jflxgL;D
aGwL (hgn cflb) .

eeses
934

e
e b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] rf}aL;f}F j0f{, cf]i7,
:kzL{, ;3f]if, dxfk|f0f Jo~hg Wjlg kju{sf] rf}yf] cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{ jf cIf/sf]
k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg esfL e . eFu8rL lj) [ef rL] efsf] cDdnL ef vfg] nt a;]sf]
zfdf eNg] eFUofxf . eFu8L gf) [ef c8L] ef vfg] eFu8rL e8L . eFuflng c) lqm) [eFu
]nf], vf]N;f] cflbn] cfgf] af6f] 5f8L s]xL efu km6] jf 5lP otfplt nfUg eFufnf] eP a
g . eFufnf] gf) [;+) e\u cfnf]  e\ufnf]] != d"n gbL jf vf]nfaf6 kmf6] bfofFafofF xfl
} au]sf] ;fgf] vf]nf] ulxlPsf] vf]N;f] efnf] . @= avf{sf] kfgLn] ulxf] kf]sf] 7fpF v
fLdf kfgLn] vf]n]sf] efu e\bfnf] . eFu ] L gf) [eFu ] f] O{] eFu ] fsf] kf]yL . ~ v
!= eFu ] fsf vfh:t} sfF8f xg] Ps k|sfsf] nxf] . lj) @= eFu]fsf h:t} emLgf vf xg]
dflg;) . eFu ] ] gf) [eFu]f] P] v}f] sf] bfgf xg] Ps vfnsf] wfg jf ;f] wfgsf] rfdn
Fu ] f] gf) v}f] sf], sf]6 ] f] jf lkm:6f]hq} ;fgf] Ps hftsf] rf] . eFUofxf lj) [ef
f vfg] nt a;]sf] eFu8rL eFu8L . eFrfO gf) [ efFr\ ( cfO)] efFRg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [ > ] eFrfOg s) lqm) efFRg nfOg efFRg] kflg . eFrfpg k|]) lqm) efFRg nfpg efFR
g] kfg{ . eF8fO gf) [ efF8\ ( cfO)] efF8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] eF8fOg s)
lqm) efF8\g nfOg . eF8fpg k|]) lqm) efF8g \ nfpg layf]nfpg . eF8f gf) [;+) ef08
f] dfn;fdfg fvgwg ug]{ sf]7f] e08f 9s6 L . vfn gf) != fhfdxffhfxn] ef]het]
F jf pkjg . @= xgdfg\9f]sf bafleqsf cfFugdf x]sf] k|l;4 7fpF . vfn ~ 9s6L gf) e08
fvfndf x]sf] g]kfnsf] P]ltxfl;s e08f jf sf]if . vfn kj{ gf) f0ff k|wfgdGqL h\uaxfb
xgdfg\9f]sf bafleqsf] eF8fvfndf ef]hsf] lgDtf] lbO{ pgsf] xTof ug]{ of]hgf ePsf],
Oltxf;k|l;4 Ps if8\oGqk"0f{ 36gf . > eF8flof gf) eF8f] . eF8fL gf) [ e08fL] != eF8f
xtf{stf{ e08fL . @= g]kfnLsf] Pp6f y . :qL) eF8fgL{ . eF8f] gf) [eF8f P] eF8fsf] clw
(p) fhfsf] wg hfG5, eF8f]sf] k]6 kb5 \ ). eF8fnf]eF8fNg gf) [;+) e|"0fgfn] e|0 " f
xg] :yfg kf7]3 uef{zo aRrfbfgL . eF8fxf lj) [ef8\ cfxf] efF8\g] sfd ug]{ layf]nfxf
gL] != efF8hfltsL :qL efF8sL :jf:gL eFl8gL gf) [efF8 eF8]gL . @= efFl8PsL jf e|i6 :qL
. lj) #= sfdsf]df efF8e}nf] ug]{ (:qL) . eF8j  f lj) [efF8\ pjf] != eOx]sf] sfdsf]
f]Ng] jf laufg]{ efF8e}nf] drfpg] efF8 . @= cZnLn jf clzi6 Jojxf ug]{ kmf]xf]L sf af
] . gf) #= efF8sf] k];f lng] JolQm . eF8]gL gf)lj) x]) eFl8gL . eF8 ] f] gf) [efF8 Pf]
v]tLjfnxn] dVo afnL leofpFbf efF8xsf nflu 5fOPsf] efu efF8xn] kfpg] cGgsf] efu .
\vff]eF8\vfnf] gf) [Ejf vfnf]] ulxlPsf] 7fpF e8\vff] . eFjf] gf) [;+) e|d] edf]
) lqm) [x O 6f]kNg] sann] jf b]vfpgsf lglDt dfq ePh:t} xg eOlbg vf]Hg . eOg c) lq
m) [x O g] xf]Og . eOkl cfpg] lj) [eO{ kL cfpg]] cfsl:ds kdf jf sf0fjz xg] sg} l
sf nflu rflxg] jf ug{kg]{ (ah]6, vr{, labf O)) . eses gf) [c) d") es\ c (l))] != af
]Nbf aLraLrdf c8\lsg] tyf zAb bf]xf]lg] Ps cfbt jf f]u . lqm) lj) @= a];L pDn] afkm
lg:sg] uL . #= vGbf 7"n7"nf rkf kN6fP . > esestL lqm) lj) != v"al;t kfSg] uL eses . @
vGbf 7"nf7"nf rkf lemSg] uL . esesfO gf) esesfP af]Ng] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . esesfO
g c) lqm) eses uL af]Ng] xf]Og . esesfpg c) lqm) aLraLrdf c8\s] tyf Wjlg bf]xf]ofP
cfjfh lgsfNg eses ug{ . eselsg c) lqm) af]Nbf eses xf]Og esesfOg . esesL lqm) l
j) != v"al;t pDn] kfSg] uL eses . @= 7"n7"nf rkf lems] wdfwd vGg] rfn;Fu . eseSofO gf
eselsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . eseSofx6 gf) eseSofO .

935

esfOelQmdfnf] dgdf ufF7f] kg{ . @= ck|Toflzt 36gfn] lkf]lng . eSsfgeSsfgf] gf) !=

df6f] cflbsf] 7"nf] 8Nnf] jf rkL . @= 7"nf] ufg . #= Hofb} xif{ jf 7"nf] bMv x
Fbf af]nL gkm6\g] uL d6 jf 5ftLdf f]lsPsf] ufF7f] pFesf]{ pdsf]{ . eSsf lj) [eSsf
a8]dfg a8f]df (uf]?, fFuf] O)) . eSsf;] lj) [eSs cf;]] a]5fF6sf] 7"nf] e2f . eSs! gf
!= efb|zSn kIfdf fFuf] aln lbOg e}jL gfrdf gfRg] u0f . @= w]} yk}| (pbf) cfh p;n]
eSs vfof] .) dfL gf) s]6fs]6Ln] v]Ng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n . r gf) lg3f{t, eSsdf . e
esNnf]] != eSnSs k]sf] df]6f]3f6f] d"v{ af]wf] gf;dem . @= 8Nn] . eSsf]6 ] lj)af]
fgf] r\ufn] ljkIfLsf] r\uf sf6\tf v;Ldf elgg] zAb er]6 . eSv lqm) lj) s]xL a] dfq k
] ev{ clxn] . sf] lj) != yf]} a] dfq ePsf] tfhf . @= hjfgL r9]sf] pd]bf . :qL)
j) [;+)] != >4f;fy O{Zj jf b]jtfsf] elQm ug]{ eStfn . @= k"Ho jf 7"nf JolQmdf >4f
fVg] . @= wfld{s sfo{df cf:yf ePsf] >4fn . #= efu jf c+z nufOPsf] ljeSt . gf) $=
;]js pkf;s . %= eft ef]hg . eQmk gf) [;+)] sf7df8f}+Fb]lv tLg sf]; k"j{df x]sf] k|l;
4 gu pkTosfsf k|l;4 tLg ;xdWo] Ps efbufpFsf] jt{dfg gfd . > eQmk ] lj) != eQmk;DaG
Qmksf] . @= eQmksf] afl;Gbf . eQmjT;n lj) [;+)] cfgf >4fn eStxk|lt bof ug]{ . eQmf
n lj) [;+)] elQmefjgfdf nfu]sf] >4fn eSt . elQm gf) [;+)] != O{Zj jf b]jLb]jtfk|lt
g] lgi7f, cf:yf jf k"hfsf] efjgf . @= k"Ho jf dfGohgk|lt xg] cfbefj jf >4f . #=
rfsL ;]jf 6xn $= ljZjf; cf:yf . %= ;flxTodf elQmdfuL{ ljfg\xn] dfGg] elQm :yfoL efj
g] Ps /fuk|wfg /; . ~ yfkf gf) lj) ;+) !*&@&# df dnfpFdf ePsf] g]kfn c\u|]hsf] o4
df c\u|]hx;Fu jLtfk"j{s n8\bfn8\b} jLult k|fKt ug]{ Ps k|l;4 uf]/vfnL ;bf . elQmgL g
[eSt OgL] elQmefjgf ePsL :qL eQm :qL eQm]gL . elQmdfg\ lj) [;+)] elQmefjgfn] elPsf] eQ
fn eQm . elQm dfu{ gf) [;+)] O{Zj jf b]jb]jLsf] elQm u] dlQm k|fKt ulg] Ps pkfo uL
f jl0f{t 1fgdfu{, sd{dfu{ elQmdfu{dWo] Ps . elQmdfnf] gf) [elQm dfnf] fO{lnDa"xdf k|r
nt, sflQs k"l0f{dfb]lv cfF};L;Dd kGw lbg ltxfsf kdf dgfOg]

esfO gf) [ efs\ ( cfO] != efSg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [esfp cfO] @= esfpg] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . [ > ] esfOg s) lqm) efSg nfOg . esfpg ;) lqm) != crfgs ;To sf dvaf6 lg:sg
. k|]) lqm) @= lslof vfg nfpg zky ufpg . esfgesfgf] gf) [;+) eUg] != df6f] cflbsf]
7"nf] 8Nnf] jf rkL . @= bMv jf zf]ssf j]un] 5ftLdf k]sf] ufF7f] . esfes lqm) lj)
sg} sfd gf]lsO{ xg] uL ;?;? v?v? . esf gf) [e sf] kju{sf] rf}yf] j0f{ e cIf
) jSvf] != afF;, lgufnf] cflbsf rf]ofn] dfGb|f]h:tf] kf] ag]sf] cGg fVg] 7"nf] efF8
f] . @= To;L ags ] f] lrqf] . lj #= 7"nf] hLp xg] e2f zL ePsf] (JolQm) . gf) $= gb
Lsf] lsgffsf 3f6df ag]sf] uf]nfsf rf}tff] . esff] gf) ufO{, e}F;L cflb kzxsf] dn uf
] yfk|f] . esL cldnf] gf) sYo) elsDnf] . Ps} e]6g \ fdf rfkfFrj6f kft nfUg], 5b]lv
cf7hf];Dd bfFtLsf sgf xg], ;]tf];]tf] kx]FNRof sf emKkfbf dl;gf k"mn kmNg], uxtsf
h:tf ftf dl;gf bfgf kmNg], c;f]hlt b]lvg] tyf To;af6 cldnf] agfOg], dxfeft r];Ddsf
kxf8df xg] Ps hftsf] v ;f]xL vsf] cldnf] kmn . eslG8g c) lqm) [esG8f] O g] esG8f]
u8g \  n8La8L ug{ . esG8] lj) [esG8f] P] != esG8f]h:tf] af6nf] k/]sf] uf]nf] . ~
efO @= km;L{ (k"mndtL lbbL esG8] efO) . esG8f] gf) [;+) sGbs] != xofP jf u8fP v]l
g] an] df]lPsf] uf]nf] ;fwg an . lj) @= k8\sf] 8Nnf] hLp ePsf] . esG8fO gf) [ es
( ofO)] esl G8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] esG  8fOg s) lqm) esG8f]em}F u8fO
g . esG8fpg ;) lqm) != esG8f]em}F u8fpg . @= nfQLn] xfg] otfplt u8fpg nofpg .
es \ g ;) lqm) != v"al;t vfg a];L vfg l3Rg . @= a];L lk6\g uf]b\g . > esfO
{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . esfOg s) lqm) esg{ nfOg . esfpg k|) ] lqm) esg{ nfpg
eslg s) lqm) a];L lkl6g . esNn] lj) [esNnf] P] df]6f]3f6f] zLsf] eSnSs k]sf
sNnf] lj) [c) d") eSs pNnf]] zL eSnSs b]lvg] lsl;dsf] df]6f]3f6f] jf yfdyd . eSs
lj) [c) d") es\ s] != b"w, kfgL cflb plDng] uL . @= kmNg] jf ;lGgg] lsl;dn] . eS
sflgg c) lqm) [eSsfgf] O g] != eSsfgf] 56g \ 

eQm]gLe\luut rf8df ufpFsf a"9fkfsfxn] k"mncIftf lnP lbof] afnL ufpg] nf]suLt . eQm]gL
gf) [eQm PgL] elQmgL . eSofO gf) [ eSofp ( cfO)] eSofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
eSofOg s) lqm) 7"n7"nf esfgf pKsg] uL vlgg . eSofpg ;) lqm) [esfgf] ofp g] 7"n7"nf
esfgf pKsg] uL vGg 7]nf jf rkL pKsfpg . eqmg lj) [c) d") es\ 0f  zAb ug{] != dxfd
] cflb f]un] u|:t eO{ k;flPsf] ynf k]sf] . gf) @= p7\g} g;Sg] uL ylnPsf] f]uL P]ofc
u] sfpg] dwf}? . lqm) lj) #= p7\g} g;Sg] lsl;dn] lafdL kL a];L ylnP . > eqmGt lj)
) eqmg . eqmf gf) [eqmg cf] l56f] l9sL s6\tf lg:sg] zAb . Rof gf) l56l56f] kmtL{
L s6\tfsf] zAb l9sLRofpF . eqmfgeqmfGt lj)gf)lqm) lj) [ eqmgeqmGt] x]) eqmg eqmGt
j) [;+)] != ef]hg ug]{ vfg] . @= gfz kfg]{ ljWj+;s . eIf0f gf) [;+)] vfg] sfd ef]hg
. eIfL lj) [;+)] != vfg] jf ef]hg ug]{ eIfs . @= vfg] jf gfz ug]{ cy{df zAbsf kl5l
Nt ufFl;g] k|ToowdL{ pQkb (df+;eIfL, zfseIfL O)) . eIo gf) [;+)] != vfOg] j:t vfB k
bfy{ . lj) != vfg of]Uo vfOg] ef]Ho . > eIofeIo lj) vfg xg] gxg] eIo ceIo eR5]ce
. eS;jfOug gf) [c\)] nfDrf] cfsfsf] rfkfFr hgf c6fpg] uf8L jf sf . eu gf) [;+)] != ;
v;ljwfsf ;fwg ;DklQ P]Zjo{ . @= ;f}efUo . #= k|l;l4 sLlt{ . $= wd{ k0o . %= ljj]s 1
fg . ^= zlQm . &= hLjg hut\k|ltsf] ljt[i0ff j}fUo . *= :qLsf] d"qf hgg]lGb|o of]lg
= afx| cflbTodWo] Ps ;"o{ . !)= j]bdf pNn]v ePsf Ps b]jtf . eu0f gf) [;+)] lk\unzf:
qsf cg;f klxn] u? kl5 bO{ n3 xg] Ps u0f ( ..) u?, n3 n3 xg] oIfL ;dbfo (
} dfg;, sf]dn, afns O)) . eut gf) [;+) eQm] eQmhg eQm . eutf gf) [yf)] yfhfltdf k|l;4
emfkms ug]{ JolQm yfsf] wfdLemfFqmL . eugfl;sf gf) [;+)] euf\s l6;L . euGb gf)
Lrdf cfpg] Ps vl6f] . eujtL gf) [;+)] != cflbzlQm buf{ b]jL dxfdfof . @= dfGo gfL >
:qL . lj) #= P]Zjo{zflngL ;DkGg (:qL) .
936

eujb\ uLtf gf) [;+)] != s?If]qsf 0fd}bfgdf s[i0fn] ch{gnfO{ lbPsf] 1fg . @= dxfeftl
eq a|XdljBf of]uzf:qsf kdf rlr{t, c7f cWofo ePsf] k|l;4 k:ts . eujfg\ gf) [;+)] !=
P]Zjo{, ;f}efUo, oz, wd{, 1fg ljfuh:tf 5j6f tjn] k"0f{ ePsf] cnf}lss k?if O{Zj kd
f . @= lji0f . #= lzj . $= a4 . lj) %= P]Zjo{oQ  m zlQm;DkGg . ^= k"Ho dfGo . e
uf\s  gf) [;+)] :qLof]lgsf] aLrdf knfPsf] sfdf]Q]hs df;sf] 6;f] eugfl;sf of]lgul
6sf l6;L . @= cNsfO{ cz{ f]u . eufN6f] gf) efsf] 8fF7 . elugL gf) [;+)] != lbbL jf al
gL . @= efUojtL :qL . euLy gf) [;+)] ;ukqxsf] pb\wfsf nflu sl7g tk:of uL :ju{af6 k[Y
Ldf u\uf Nofpg] Ps k|l;4 ;"o{j+zL fhf ;u fhfsf kgflt . ~ k|of; gf) fhf euLyn] cfgf
f] pb\wfsf nflu :ju{af6 u\uf Nofpg u]sf] h:tf] 7"nf] sl7g k|of; c;fwf0f k|of; efL
Hofb} 7"nf] d]xgt . eujf lj) [efu\ pjf] != efu]sf] jf efUg] knflot . @= sft 8kf]s nf
. :qL) eujL . euf]i7 gf) [;+)] of]lgsf bO{ltsf l8n . euf}6 ] lj) [efu cf}6] ] eujf
. eUg lj) [;+)] != 66km6 ePsf] eTs]lau|s ] f] . @= efu]sf] knflot . ~ k|lt1 lj) c
fk"mn] san u]sf] sf;d]t kofpg g;Sg] k|lt1f e\u ePsf] Rotk|lt1 . ~ dgf]y lj) dgf
Psf] OR5f gkus ] f] . > eUgfjz]if gf) != eTsLlau|L afFsL x]sf] c+z . @= kftfljs b[l
6n] dxjk"0f{ k|frLg cjz]if . eUgf]T;fx lj) pT;fx e\u ePsf] . e8L gf) x]) eFu8L . efO
) [ efp ( cfO)] efpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ ] efOg s) lqm) efpg] sfd ulg jf ufOg
lqm) [;+) e\u cfp g] jgh\un kmfF8] a:tL a:g] 7fpF agfpg afFemf] 7fpF vghf]t ug{ . e
f] gf) x]) eFufnf] . \ ] jf e\u gf) [;+)] != sg} klg ljifo jf j:t lau|g,] 66g gi6
xg] sfd . @= ljgfz ljWj+; . #= k"f gePsf] jf gkus ] f] l:ylt (lgZro, k|lt1f, cfz
f cflb) . $= ;ef, ;\u7g, ;+:yf cflb aLr}df 66g \ ] sfd . %= hn jf Wjlgsf] t\u nx . ^
= ufFhf ef . e\uefpnf] lj) != ;f]rljrf} guL hyfefaL 6]s ] lxF8g \ ]. @= pQfpnf] :je
pR5[\vn . e\luut gf) != eGg] 9fFrf e\ludf . @= no efvf .

937

e\ludfe gfkmf ;6xL b:t af . ehfpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != a9L d"Nosf ?lkofF, gf]6 cf
d d"Nosf db|f ;f6\g rfgrg kfg{ . @= Ps b]zsf db|f;Fu csf{ b]zsf dbf | ;f6\g
dbf | ;6xL ug{ . #= eHg nfpg ehg ufpg . elhg c) lqm) != eHg] sfd xg . s) lq
m) @= ehg ulg . e~hs lj) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf e\u ug]{ jf laufg]{ . @= tf]8kmf]8 ug]{
sfpg] . e~hg gf) [;+)] != laufg]{ jf eTsfpg] sfd tf]8kmf]8 . @= gfz ljWj+; . e6 gf)
[;+)] != of]4f n8fs . @= l;kfxL ;}lgs . #= kxnjfg dNn . e6e6 lqm) lj) [c) d") e6\ (l)
] c:ki6 emsf]{nfUbf] lsl;d;F u Psf] x f] f] cfjfh cfpg] uL kmtkmt . > e6e6fO gf) e6
e6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . e6e6fOg c) lqm) c:ki6 kn] rfF8f]rfF8f] cfjfh lgsfln
g kmtkmtfOg . e6e6fpg c) lqm) != e6e6 zAb ug{ . @= c:ki6 lx;fan] rfF8f] af]Ng
. #= hyfefaL kmnfSg . e6e6] gf) != df]6;fOlsn :s6 . lj) @= e6e6 u] cfjfh lgsfNg] .
df; gf) [;+) e dfif] l;dLsf 9asf eml;nf kft xg], ;]tf k"mn kmNg] eml;nf sf];fdf
rfkfFr bfgf nfUg] cGgsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6df kmn]sf] kf}li6s tyf lbnLo cGgsf u]8f jf b
fgf . > e6df;] gf) != efn] kf]yL 5lgeGbf klxn]sf svfsf rNnf . lj) @= e6df; vfP hL
gj[lQ ug]{ bMvlhnf] ug]{ lgw{g . #= c;Eo a];f]dtL . $= e6df;af6 ag]sf] e6df;;DaGwL
. e6fe6 lqm) lj) [c) d") e6\ (l))] gf]lsO{sg kmtL{;fy r6fr6 esfes . > e6fe6L lqm) l
) e6fe6 . e6f\g ;) lqm) [e6f g] lehfPsf] kL7f], rfdn cflb yf]} l3pt]ndf e6\g To;
cflb ksfpg . e6f gf) [e6 cf] yf]} lrNnfdf kjf, slgsf cflb e6ef6 kfg]{ sfd . e6
f) kjf cflb e6fg]{ jf ksfpg] sfd . > e6ffO gf) e6fg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . e6f
lg s) lqm) != lehfPsf] rfdn cflb l3pdf el6g . c) lqm) @= udL{ jf lgb|fsf] sdLn]
cfFvf kf]Ng cfFvf etetL 8xg cfFvf a6flg . e6fofO gf) e6flg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . e6
gf) sk8f aGg] tfgdf k|of]u xg] rfsf cfsfsf] Ps ;fwg . e gf) [;+)] != :jfldTj k|eT 
j . @= a|fXd0fhfltsf] Ps y . #= bflIf0ffTo a|fXd0f . $= ef6 . %= e6df; . ^= lnR5
ljsfnLg k|zf;gdf ;]gfnfO{ aemfpg] zAb .

e\ludf gf) [;+)] != sg} vf; dgf]efj k|s6 ug]{ efjoQm tyf snfk"0f{ zfLls db|f . @= e
gfO jf af]nfOsf] 9fFrf tyf ljz]iftf . #= Jo\Uo . $= 6]9f]kg jqmtf . %= efFlrg] sfd
6So|fO . e\uL gf) [;+)] != snfTds tyf efjk"0f{ xfpefp jf af]nfOrnfO efje\uL . @= sl6
ntf 6]9f]kg . #= nx . $= Jo\Uo . lj) %= e\u xg] gfzjfg\ . e\u  lj) [;+)] != tTsf
xg] cj:yfsf] gfzjfg\ . @= af\uf] 6]9f] . e\HofOF gf) [;+) e~h ofOF] e\Hofxfsf] rfn
] . e\Hofxf lj) [;+) e~h ofxf] pkw|f] ug]{ :jefjsf] efF8e}nf] drfpg] e\HofOFdf nfUg] .
e\bfnf] gf) [Ejf cfnf]] e8\vf/f] e8\vfnf] Ejf . e\ofxf lj) [ef ofxf] efsf] cDdnL
gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifzf:qdf jl0f{t ;Dk"0f{ u|x gIfq ;\qmd0f ug]{ rqm flzrqm . er]6 lj)
af]) x]) eSsf]6] . eR5L lj) [;+) eIfL] vfg] eIfL . eR5] lj) [;+) eIo] vfg xg] eIo .
~ ceR5] gf) vfg xg] vfg gxg] eIofeIo . eh\g! ;) lqm) [;+) eh\ g] != b]jtf jf O{Z
f] gfdsLt{g ug{ ehg ug{ pkf;gf ug{ . @= 6xnrfsL ug{ ;]jf ug{ . #= kltsf kdf dfGg
 . eh\g@ c) lqm) [;+) e~h g] != 7"nf] df]nsf db|f jf gf]6 lbP sd df]nsf ?lkofF, g
f]6 jf vb|f k};f ;f6\g] sfd xg db|f ;fl6P rfgrg k|fKt xg . @= Ps db|f;Fu c
sf]{ yL db|fsf] ;f6km] jf ;6xL xg . ehg gf) [;+)] != cffWo b]jLb]jtfsf] u? cflbs
f] gfd dlxdf afaf lng] ufpg] sfd gfdsLt{g u0fufg . @= sg} b]jb]jLsf] u0fj0f{g ul
uLt . ~ yL gf) sg} d[ts JolQmsf zflGtsf nflu ufO{hfqfdf u]?jf sk8f klxL ;x 3Db} ufO
g] zf]s uLt jf Tof] ufpg] d08nL . ~ kmn gf) efukmn . > ehgfgGbL lj) ehgsLt{gdf dUg x
g] ehgdf cfgGb lng] . ehlgofFehg] lj) [ehg OofFP] != O{Zjsf] ehg ug]{ b]jtfsf] gfdsL
g]{ . gf) @= dlGb cflbdf v}Fh8L, s7tfn cflb ahfO{ b]jb]jLsf] ufyf ufpg] d08nL ehg u
g]{ d08nL . ehfO gf) [ eh\ ( cfO)] != eHg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ehfp cfO] @= ehfpg
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . #= ehfpFbf nfUg] b:t/ jf zNs ehfpgL . [ > ] ehfOg s)
lqm) eHg nfOg ;6xL ulg . ehfpgL gf) ?lkofF, gf]6 cflb ehfpFbf nfUg] b:t/ jf zNs
;6xLdf lnOg]

efetfl/g ef gf) df6f]af6 OF6f, lemFu6L, 6fon cflb agfO{ cjfndf kf]n] tof/ kflg] 7fp
n . eflws0f gf) [;+)] != e, a|fXd0f jf ljfg\ff ;dfhdf wd{;\s6 cfpg glbg b]vfb]v Gof
sf] lg0f{o ug] { ufpg] lnR5ljsfnLg Ps c8\8f . @= lnR5ljsfndf ;}lgs Joj:yf rnfpg] c
8\8f . efs lj) [;+)] != k"Ho >4]o dfGo . gf) @= fhf ojfh . #= :jfdL dflns . $= ;"
bLif gf) fhf dxffhsf] pQbfloTj jxg uL sg} sfof{nodf sfd ug]{ sd{rfL . ~ ojfh gf)
nLg fhkDkfdf fhfsf] lglZrt pQflwsfL . efn gf) x]) ef . eL gf) [k|f) e < e O{]
] sfvfgf dbeL . @= hfF8S;L a]Rg] k;n hfF8S;L vfg] 7fpF . #= wftx ufNg] 7"nf] cu]g
= OF6f, xfF8L, ufu|f cflb df6fsf ;fdfg ksfpg] 7"nf] cjfn ef . r;f{ sd gf) dbeL nfx
fkf ;~rfng ug]{ JofkfL jf 7]s]bfn] ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{ sd . jfn gf) eLsf] dflns e
ug]{ JolQm . jfNgL gf) eLjfnsf] :qLlnL k . e] gf) xf]rf] af]6, e6df;sf h:t} kft
Ss k]sf k"mn xg] uxtsf h:t} dl;gf sf];f nfUg], j:tnfO{ 3f; vjfOg] Ps jg:klt .
~ lsf] gf) uf]asf yk|flt a:g], vk8fn] kv]6f 9flsPsf], pQfgf] kbf{ lkmTsf}nL lkml6s l
kml6s u] pk|mg] Ps sLf] . ~ 8fF8f] gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] blIf0flt kxf8df x]sf] Pp6f
7fpF . efO [ efp ( cfO)] != efpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= b]p;L, ehg cflbdf klxn
bf]xf]ofpg] sfd . [ > ] efOg s) lqm) != eofpg] sfd ulg ehg cflbdf klxnf] nah elgg
@= wLdf xfn]sf 8fF8fnfO{ ef6f xfn] rf]ofn] sl;g . efpg! ;) lqm) [ef6f] ofp g] 3,
wLdf xfn]sf 8fF8fnfO{ ef6f xfn] rf]ofn] s:g ef6f xfn] 8fF8fx afFWg . efpg@ ;)
+) e0f\ ofp g] != b]p;L, sLt{g, ehg cflbdf klxnf] njh jf jfSo bf]xf]ofpg ;fd"lxs kdf
To:tf] njh kmnfSg . @= dg gkbf]{ jf c;Eo sf 7"nf] :jn] eGg . > efpg] gf) ehg, b]p;L
cflbdf klxnf] r0f eGg] JolQm . e6fs gf) [c) d") e6fs\ c] gf8Lsf] rnfO, kv]6fsf] cfjfh
jf e6fOsf] zAb . ~ e6fs lqm) lj) != gf8L, d6 cflb nuftf rNg] uL 9s9s . @= kv]6f,
vf cflb zAb cfpg] uL hf]8n] rnfP . e6s lqm) lj)
938

xlofklof cGg jf bfgfx e6\bf k8\sg] uL e6fOsf] zAb;fy . > e6fSs lqm) lj) != PsfPs d
 gf8L cflb hf]8n] rNg] uL . @= To;L g} kv]6f cflb rnfP . e8s gf) [k|f) e8Ss] != e8\
lsnf] xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf rdsbds . @= ;hwh 9fFrf . bf lj) cfjZostfeGbf a9L ;hwh ulP
f] rdsbds ePsf] e8\lsnf] . e8\sg c) lqm) != 8n] cflQP pk|mg lalRsg t;{g . @= s
f6 efUg knfog xg . @= afpFl7g lalelG8g a6flg . $= cfgf] af6f]af6 ljrlnt xg ky
|i6 xg . > e8\sfO gf) e8\sg] jf e8\sfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . e8\sfOg s) lqm
) e8\sg nfOg t;f{Og laRsfOg . e8\sfpg k|) ] lqm) t;f{pg laRSofpg bRsfpg . @= l
aleG8fpg 6]9fpg . e8\lsg c) lqm) != e8\sg . @= tl;{g . e8\lsnf] lj) [e8\s Onf]] !
pQfpnf] lsl;dsf] cgfjZos 7fF6afF6 ePsf] e8sbf . @= pHHjn rxlsnf] () . e8\vff]e8\vf
) [Ejf8) vfN8f]] != ulxf] vfN6f] e\bfnf] vf}nf] . @= sfddf kg]{ ljgafwf cfklQ . df
)lqm) 7"nf] ljklQ jf xflgsf] l:yltdf kg{ . e08f gf) x]) eG8f/ < e08ff gf) x]) eG8f/
f . etSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ets\ s] != udL{, lrGtf cflbn] zLdf 56k6L jf tfk pTkGg xg]
uL . @= l;n] r" xg] lsl;dn] etSs . etet lqm) lj) [c) d") et\ c (l))] != tftf] j:t
cfuf] cflbn] kf]n] 8xg] uL etetL . @= 3fpvl6fdf hng jf 8fx xg] uL . #= wdfwd dg]{ u
tet . $= kmtkmtfpg] lsl;dn] kmtkmt . > etetfO gf) etetfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . etetfOg c) lqm) kmtkmtfOg a8a8fOg . etetfpg c) lqm) != cfuf], tftf] j:t
cflbn] kf]Ng hNg . @= 3fpvl6f cflbdf hng xg 8xg . #= a8a8fpg kmtkmtfpg ssfpg
tetL lqm) lj) etet . etjf;L gf) c;f] k"mnsf h:tf kft xg], ;]tf cyjf xlof k"mn kmNg
], ;;fgf kmn kmNg], cfoj]{bLo cf}ifwLdf k|oQm xg] Ps nxf] . etfet lqm) lj) [c)
d")] wdfwd dg]{ uL Pskl5 csf]{ xFb} d] etet . etfeu \ lqm) lj) [eTs e\u] !=
] uL gi6e|i6 eP nyfln\u . gf) @= aafb gfz . > etfeu \ ] lj) != etfeu \ kfg]{
ofpg] e\Hofxf . @= etfeu \ . etflg c) lqm) != lxnf]d}nf] jf w"nf]d}nf] ePsf kmf]xf]
fpFdf 9;d:; eP a:g . @= k5flg n8\g . > etfofO gf) etflg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .

939

etfxfeg\g bfh jf efOsf 5f]fnfO{ eGg] gftfaf]ws zAb ebf] . @= ;fnf] jf h]7fgsf] 5f]f
] . eb}eb}gL gf) [ebf] P]P]gL] :qLsf efO jf bfhsL 5f]L . eb}of gf) [ebf] P]of] != ebf
lxgfdf kfSg] afnL ebf}] afnL (wfg c cGg) . @= ebf}df kfSg] wfgsf] Ps hft 3}of . ebf]
gf) [;+) e|ft[h] x]) ebfxf . ebf} gf) [;+) efb|] jif{sf] kfFrf}F dlxgf ;fpg c;f]hs
f aLrdf kg]{ dlxgf efb| . ebf} ] lj) [ebf} f] P]] != ebf} dlxgfdf xg] jf kfSg] ebf};D
L ebf}sf] (ebf}] 3fd, ebf}] emL cflb) . @= ebf} dlxgfdf hGd]sf], laofPsf] jf laofpg]
(ufO{a:t) . e2f lj) [;+) ceb|] hLp8fn cfsfk|sf gldn]sf] 5Gb g aGbsf] gfd|f] s
[;+)] != ;Eo, lzi6 tyf ;lzlIft ;Hhg . @= d\unsfL zesfs . #= ;Gb dgf]x . gf) $= d
. sfnL gf) b]jLsf ljleGg kdWo] ;f]x| ehf ePsf] Ps k jf d"lt{ . eb|uf]n gf) [;+)] !
= w]} uHofuhsf] l:ylt uGhfuf]n 7"nf] cndn . gf) @= sf7df8f}d F f x]sf] s]Gb|Lo sff
] bf];|f] kmfF6 . eb|f gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifzf:qsf cg;f zSnkIfsf rty  L{, ci6d
L, PsfbzL k"l0f{df tyf s[i0fkIfsf t[tLof ;KtdL, bzdL rt b { z Lsf lbg kg] { ;ftf
} F s0f kmlnt Hof]ltifcg;f cze of]u . @= ufO{ . #= buf{ . $= k[YjL . eb|fO{ gf) [
;+) effh] nfdf] kR5, cf\s;] k]sf] rRrf], cfFvfjlkl sfnf w;f{ tyf lkl7oFlt ftf]
tf] xg], h]nLhqf] ;fgf] rf] . eb|fIf gf) [;+)] hkdfnf agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] ?b|
fIfh:t} ;fgf] vfnsf] bfgf . eb|fR5] gf) [;+) eb|fIf] x]) eb|fIf . eb|flwjf; ejg gf
) [;+)] g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df k|l;4 lnR5ljsfnLg fhf g]Gb|bj ] tyf pgsf pQflwsfLxn] zf;g r
nfpg] u]sf], pkTosfl:yt P]ltxfl;s baf . eb|fof] gf) [ eb|fO] eb|fO{eGbf s]xL 7"nf], d
L7f] :j ePsf] Ps hftsf] kIfL . eb|f ] gf) [;+) eb|f] eb|f of]u . ~ x]fO gf) kSs k] a:
] sfd ;fOtsf . ~ x]g { 6) cj; uld;Sbf klg kSs klxg ;fOt kv{g . eg\g ;) lqm)
\ g] != dgsf] efj af]nLff JoQm ug{ sg} sf s;}nfO{ ;gfpg sxg atfpg . @= dvaf6
sfNg pRrf0f ug{ . #= cf1f lbg jrg lbg . $= afRg k|jrg ug{ k9\g .

etfxf lj) [eft cfxf] != kDkfcg;f eftefG;fdf ldNg] ;hftLo . gf) @= To:tf aGwju{ jf gf
fbf . elthelthf gf) [;+) e|ft[h] != elthf]sf] dfgaf]ws zAb . @= elthf] . elthL gf) [
;+) e|ft[h O{] bfh jf efOsL 5f]L h]7fh jf b]jsL 5f]L . elthf] gf) [;+) e|ft[h] bfh
f efOsf] 5f]f] h]7fh jf b]jsf] 5f]f] . etjf gf) [eft pjf] != tnaljgf eftdfq vfP a:g
f]s . lj) @= sfdsfh guL vfP dfq a:g] eftdff . ~ emf gf) sdnf kft 8fF7 xg], k"mnLs
fsf kx]Fnf, ;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps yL av]{ emf . et] gf) [eft P] != lgDtf? cyjf cGo w]}
]nfO{ vfg tof ulPsf] eftefG;f . @= k|z:t vfgf w]} vfg]s f] . #= cfjZoseGbf a9L dfqfd
kfs]sf] eft . et] ] lj) [et] P] et]sf lglDt cfjZos et]df rflxg] . ~ 8f8 kGo gf) v
n F fxsf] eftltxg rnfpg, afF8g \ k:sg xg] 7"n7"nf 8f8kGo" . eTsg c) lqm) [k|f) e
] != kvf{n, leQf], 5fgf], uff], l9:sf], l8n, vft cflb v:g jf n8\g 9Ng . @= sg} s
fdJojxf lau|g nyfln\u xg etfe\u xg lau|g . eTs? gf) [;+) eb|sf jf jftf{s] l
GtLsf] va lnP bnxLsf 3df hfg] bnxftkm{sf] dflg; jofqLsf] cu|b"t eTv? eTvf}/] . eTs
f) [ eTs ( cfO)] != eTsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [eTsfp cfO] @= eTsfpg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . [ > ] eTsfOg s) lqm) 3 kvf{n cflb n8fOg 9nfOg . eTsfpg ;) lqm) != 3,
kvf{n cflb laufg{ jf n8fpg . @= laufg{ gfz kfg{ . elTsg c) lqm) != eTsg . @=
lalu|g gfl;g . eTsf]; gf) afwfJojwfgsf] nIf0f jf ;\s]t eTsg] d]nf] jf kfnf] efkfnL
. eTv? gf) x]) eTs? . eQf gf) != j]tgafx]s ofqf, dxFuL cyjf cGo sg} cltlSt sfo{ jf c
j:yfsf lglDt sd{rfLxnfO{ b}lgs, dfl;s jf ;fdlos kdf lbOg] yk lglZrt sd . @= fd|f] sfd
u]afkt s;}nfO{ lbOg] hLjgj[lQ . ebGt lj) [;+)] != ;Ddflgt k"lht >4]o . gf) @= af}4
leIfxdf k|rlnt k|lti7f;"rs Ps pkflw . #= af}4 leIf eGt] . ebfnf] gf) tsfL cflb ksfp
g] sfddf k|of]u xg], laF8 ePsf], tfO{h:tf] 7"nf] tfKs] 7"nf] lbp] ofFuf . ebfxf gf)
[;+) e|ft[h] [ ebf]] != :jf:gLdflg;n] cfgf

egseG;f egs gf) [c) d")] t\lug] jf RofFlg] rfn emf]lSsg] sfd emf]Sofx6 . egSs lqm)
) d") egs\ s] != PsPs tft] l;fpg] uL emgSs gSs . @= c:ki6 emLgf] cfjfh cfpg] uL .
uf, df}L, edf] cflb eGsg] rfnn] . egeg lqm) lj) [c) d") eg\ c (l))] != tft] ll;g] rfn
. @= lemFuf, df}L cflb elGsg] uL . > egegfO gf) egeg ug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
egegfOg c) lqm) egeg xf]Og . egegfpg c) lqm) != l;n] emf]lSsg . @= lemFuf cflb
elGsg . egegfx6 gf) egegfpg] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . egelgg c) lqm) egegfpg
 . eg;g gf) [eg\ ;g] != s;};Fu sg} sfd ;kmn kfg{sf lglDt ulg] cgf}krfls cgf]w v;
. @= ;Demfpg] aemfpg] sfd . egfO gf) [ eg\ ( cfO)] != eGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
@= eGgfsf] tfTko{ syg dtna . #= ufnL vKsL (h:t} egfO vfg) . [ > ] egfOg s) lqm) eGg
nfOg . egfpFbf] lj) sann] eGgkg]{ gfddfqsf] tyfslyt . egfp gf) cah; egf}L ufn c
egfeg gf) [eg\ cf eg\] k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ hyfefaL eGg] sfd afemfafem ufndvfn . egfj}
[eg\ j}L] cfkm;cfkm;sf] egfegaf6 xg] zqtf snxoQm egfeg dv5f8f5f8 . elgg s) lqm
) [eg\ O g] slxg atfOg . egL laemfpg ;) lqm) (;+o)  ) [eg\ O{ laemfp g] 3f]rk]rsf s
f{sf] dg bvfpg dd{df lag] sf ug{ . egL lafpg ;) lqm) (;+o)) [eg\ O{ lafp g] s;
gag] sf eg] bf]if kfpg . eg] ;+of]) [eg\ P] ;\st ] fy{s jfSo agfpg] ;fk]If ;+of]hs
. (pbf) dfU5f} eg] lbG5 . kfgL kof] eg] cGg pAhG5) . ~ h:tf] lj) lrtfPh:tf] dgdflk
mssf] . egf]6 gf) [eg\ cf]6] egfO . egf}L gf) [eg\ cf}L] egfp egfpL ufn ckjfb . eGs
[egSs g] != v"a tft] l;fpg kmGsg . [egs g] @= lemFuf, dfxL cflbn] egeg zAb lgsfNb}
p8\g egeg ug{ egegfpg . #= lemFuf, dfxL cflb sg} j:tdf a:g lemFuf cflb wOlg
. > eGsfO gf) != v"a tft] l;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= lemFuf, dfxL cflb ege
gfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . eGsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . eGsfOg s) lqm) eGs
g jf egegfpg nfOg . eGsfpg ;) lqm) != pd\u jf hf];sf ;fy sg}
940

sfd ug{ . k|]) lqm) @= l; p7fpg h\Uofpg . #= eGsg jf egegfpg nfpg . elGsg c) lq
m) != eGsg . @= egegfOg . #= egSs l;fOg . eGs] lj) eGsg] :jefj ePsf] l;fxf . eGHo
f gf) [;+) e~hg] != kxf8sf bO{ rnLsf dfemsf] 3f6L jf xf]rf] 7fpF . @= 8fF8f] kf x
g] 7fpF g]6f] . > eGHof]nL lj) eGHof;Fu ;DalGwt eGHofsf] . eG6f gf) [;+) j[Gtfs] !=
F8fbf 7"n7"nf kft, KofhL sf k"mn lxpFb] sfFqmfsf cfsfsf ;]tf, xlof jf KofhL sf kmn
, Ps hftsf] ;fgf] af]6 . @= ;f]xL af]6sf] kmn leF8f . eG6] lj) [eg6f P] eG6f;Fu ;Dal
Gwt eG6fsf] . ~ v;f{gL gf) df]6f], 8Nnf] kf]k } f]f b]lvg], sd lkf] xg,] t]nd;nf
b e] crf cflb agfO{ vfOg] v;f{gL . eG6feG6 gf) ;fgfltgf s]6fs]6L afnaRrf lrrLe
8feG8 . eG8fkmf]8eG8fkmf] gf) [;+) ef08:kmf]6] uKt x:o k|s6 ug]{ jf if8\oGqk"0f{
{nfO{ pbf\uf] kfg]{ sfd sg} bik|of;sf] cfGtls e]b vf]Ng] sfd jf Jojxf ofDkf]kmf]fO
8f gf) [;+) ef08f < ef08fuf] != efF8fs8 F f, dfndQf, lhG;L cflb fVg] uf]Ko ;lIft
KtL sf]7f ef08f . @= :yfoL uf]Ko kFhL . eG8ff gf) [e08f cf] ;fw;GtxnfO{ lbOg] ;b
ef]h hf]uL;GGof;Lxsf] ef]h . ef6 gf) g]kfndf x]sf ef6hfltdWo]sf] Ps e]b . eG8feG8
x]) eG6feG6 . eGt] gf) [;+) ebGt] != af}4leIfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ul/g] cfb/
;"rs zAb ebGt . @= af}4leIf . eGbf gf) of]) [eg\ bf] k:ksf bO{ j:tdWo] pTsif{ jf ck
sif{ hgfpg k|of]u xg] zAb sg} bO{ j:tsf] tngf ubf{ cfpg] zAb n]vf ck]Iff . (pbf)
deGbf Zofd fd|f] 5) . eGg lqm) lj) [c) d") eg\ g] != tfutsf] sdLn] jf dfbs kbfy{ cfl
bsf] Hofbf ;]jgn] 6fpsf] lfpg] uL . @= lemFuf, dfxL cflb eGsg] rfn;Fu . #= l;n] lFUg
jf 3Dg] uL . eGgsf] lj) [eGg sf]] ;fx|} fd|f] sfObf;fysf] . (pbf) of] rLh t eGgsf
kf] 5 t ) eGg] lj) [eg\ g]] != gfpF u]sf] gfpF ePsf] gfds . @= atfpg] sxg] . ~ sf
) c;To jf sfddf kl0ft gxg] sf . eG;f gf) [;+) ef08zfnf] != b]zleq cfoft xg] tyf b]z
af6 aflx lgof{t xg] dfn;fdfgdf lgsf;Lk}7fLsf lgodcg;f hfFraem uL d"No, tf}n, ;\Vof
cflbsf

941

eafOeyL ;d"x aGwafGwjsf] ;d"x 1flt . eofjx lj) [;+)] eo pTkGg ug]{ eofgs eosfs e
j) af]) [k|f) ecf]eof] < ;+) e"t] != cljZjf;, pk]Iff, lgif]w, emsf]{ cflb hgfpF
bf Jo\Uo k|s6 ubf{ elgg] zAb ef] . (pbf) eof], ltdLaf6 s] sfd kf nfUnf pgn] b]nfg
}n] kfpFnf eGg t eof] TolQs}) . @= xg lqmofsf] e"tsfn, k|yd k?if Psjrgdf rNg]
k . #= kUof] a; . e\g ;) lqm) [;+) e0f g] != cGgkft cflb dfgfkfyL, 8fnf8fnL, efF8
f cflbdf xfn] lgD7f] jf em;L kfg{ . @= lQf 7fpFdf sg} j:t xfn] kg{ 6Gg kfg{ (h:
tf] vfN8f] eg{, hu eg{ O)) . #= sg} j:tsf] Go"gtf jf gku lx;fa cflb k"f ug{ Ifl
tk"lt{ ug{ ;f xfNg . $= s;}nfO{ e0fkf]if0fsf lglDt lgoldt kdf vr{, eQf cflb lbg (
h:tf] vr{ eg, { dfgfrfdn eg{ O)) . %= ls;fgn] tlN;nfO{ lbgkg]{ st cflbsf] cGg lb
g afnL ltg{ . ^= aGbs, tf]k cflbdf af?b, uf]nL cflb xfNg . &= nuf, sf7 cflbd
f gfgfjnL lrq agfpg (h:tf] af eg{, km eg{ O)) . *= eL kfg{ jf hDdf ug{ (h:tf]
fgL eg,{ xf6 eg,{ vNtL eg,{ 3 eg{ O)) . e gf) != sg} sfdsfdf xg] cf8 jf ef];f
@= sg} j:t, ;do cflbsf] ;Ldf ls6\bf zAbsf cl3lNt jf kl5lNt nfUg] kb ko{Gt ;Dd, h:t}
elbg, ehGd (cufl8) lbge, d6e, t[0fe (k5fl8) . lj) #= e0fkf]if0f ug]{ kfns . laQ
lj) ;s];Dd ;se e;s . e\u gf) [;+) e\u] != dgdf cfsl:ds 36gfaf6 xg] pbf;L lgfzf .
GbL cfZro{ . lj) #= ljt[i0ff k}bf ePsf] pbf; . e0f gf) [;+)] != hLljsfsf lglDt cfjZo
s j:t lbg] sfd kfng kf]if0f . @= k"f ug]{ sfd efO . ~ kf]if0f gf) s;}nfO{ hLljsfsf l
lDt cfjZos j:t lbg] sfd kfngkf]if0f kfngtfng . > e0fL gf) ;QfO; gIfqdWo] bf];f | ]
gIfq clZjgLeGbf kl5sf] s[lQsfeGbf k"j{sf] Ps gIfq . et gf) [;+)] != dxfeftdf jl0f{t
zsGtnfsf ue{af6 hlGdPsf, fhf bioGtsf 5f]f . @= fdfo0fdf jl0f{t s}so ] Lsf ue{af6 k}
bf ePsf, fhf bzysf 5f]f fdrGb|sf ;f}t]gL efO . #= k"jL{o gf6zf:qsf k|jt{s Ps cfrfo{ .
~ v08 gf) fhf etn] fHo u]sf] egL k|l;4, k[YjLsf gf} v08dWo] Ps eftjif{ lxGb:yfg .
o gf) ;+:s[t gf6ssf cGTodf cfpg] cfzLjf{ b fTds kB . ~ dlg gf) k|frLg gf6\ozf:qsf
k|0f]tf . eyL gf) != u]?jf sf] j:q cnvf . @= et[{xl .

lx;fan] lgwf{lt s jf zNs c;npk ug]{ cf . @= cfoft jf lgof{t xg] dfndQfdf nfUg] s l
sf;Lk}7fL zNs eG;fdx;n . ~ c8\8f gf) cfoftlgolt jf lgsf;L k}7fL xg] dfndQfdf nfU
s p7fpg] sfof{no . ~ clws[t gf) eG;f cfsf] k|zf;g tyf tT;DaGwL sfo{;~rfng ug]{ clws[
t . ~ If]q gf) != eG;f cfn] clwsf kfPsf] If]q jf ;Ldf . @= eG;fn] rr]{sf] hldg jf If]
q . ~ uf]bfd gf) eG;fdf xg cfPsf lhG;L ;fdfgxnfO{ yfGsf] nfpg agfOPsf] 3 . ~ uf]:jff
) eG;f cfsf] ljleGg zfvf pkzfvfsf] ]vb]v ug]{ cl3sf] s]Gb|Lo eG;f cf . ~ dx;n gf)
t jf lgof{t ulg] j:tdf nfUg] s jf b:t/ . ~ dfkmL gf) != cfoftlgof{tsf dfn;fdfgdf
lgodcg;f s]xL jf ljz]if l:yltcg;f eG;f ldgfxf xg] Joj:yf . lj) @= eG;f 56 ePsf] e
G;f ldgfxf ePsf] . ~ ;ljwf lj) ;sfL txaf6 b]zljb]zdf cfOhfO ug]{ b"tfjf; cflbsf sd{
rfLnfO{ dfn;fdfg nUgNofpgsf nflu dx;nbdf lbOg] ;ljwf jf 56 . eafO gf) [ eafp ( cfO)
] eafpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] eafOg c) lqm) 3fpvl6f cflb 8lxg . eafpg c) lqm
) [efa cfp g] cfufsf 8fxn], udL{n] jf sf5 kf5] cflb lsl;dn] zLdf etet kf]Ng 8fx xg
xg . edf] gf) [;+) e|d] u}F8] cfsfsf], p8] k"mnk"mn rxfb}{ ; r:g] 5j6f vf x
] sf] k|l;4 sLf] eFjf] . eo gf) [;+)] sg} ;\s6 jf clgi6 sfsf] ;Defjgfff pAhg]
Gtt tyf Jofsn agfpg] dfgl;s l:ylt 8 qf; . sDk gf) eoff pTkGg xg] sDkg 8n] xg]
s lj) eo pTkGg ufpg] 8nfUbf] . > eo\s lj) eo pTkGg ufpg] 8nfUbf] eofgs . h
s . qftf lj) eoaf6 hf]ufpg] 8 x6fpg] . k|b lj) != eo jf 8 b]vfpg] t;f{pg] . @= 8
~ e~hg lj) eonfO{ ljgfz ug]{ eo x6fpg] . eLt lj) w]} 8fPsf] eoq:t . ~ ljXjn lj) 8
ePsf] . eofsn lj) eo jf 8n] cfsn ePsf] 8fPsf] . eofqmfGt lj) rf}ltaf6 eon] 3]lPs
Psf] eoeLt . eoft lj) 8n] cftlPsf] eofsn . eofgs lj) [;+)] != ljleGg sf0fn] ubf{
g] 8nfUbf] eo\s . @= ;flxTosf gf} ;dWo] :yfoL efj eo xg] Ps ; . > eofgsfef; gf) pQ
fLsf kfqaf6 jf sLf cflb Ifb| j:taf6 eo b]vfpFbf xg] l:ylt . eofnf] gf) [efO ofnf]
] bfhefO, elthf cflb :jhgsf]

ey]uef}6 ey]u gf) [e y]u] ;s];Ddsf] w]yf] ;xfotf cf8ef];f ;Sbf] d2t . efh gf)
ptYo ClifsL kTgL ddtf;Fu pgs} ;xf]b efO a[x:kltn] ;Def]u ugf{n] pTkGg ePsf, uf]q
k|jt{s tyf dGqb|i6f Ps j}lbs Clif . @= ltg} Clifsf uf]qsf JolQm . ~ kIfL [;+)] gf
) effh eb|fO{ rf] . egf gf) x]) egf{ . ekTof gf) [e eTof] sg} sfdsfdf csf{;Fu
ofpg] sfd . ekfO{ gf) [e\ kfp] s;}n] caf6 sg} j:t aem] lnPsf] k|df0fsf] sfut k|flK
q . ek lj) [eL k"0f{] != k"} elPsf] elefp klk"0f{ . @= 5]nf]v]nf] oy]i6 edf
tfsf ;fy c6fP;Dd c6fpGh]n . ee lqm) lj) [c) d") e\ c (l))] != bfpf aNbf xfjf nfu]
cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= zLdf dl;gf lk8\sf jf vl6f elP lg:sFb} . > eefO gf) eefpg] lq
mof . eefOg c) lqm) ee zAb lg:sg eefpg] xf]Og . eefpFbf] lj) != w"jfF gktkt
f] 9s9sfpFbf] bgbgfpFbf] emlnf] (cfufsf] lkmln\uf]) . @= ozsf] k|flKt, cgxfsf] t]h c
lbn] pHofnf] ePsf] ememfpFbf] . eefpg c) lqm) bfpf, sf7kft cflb aNbf lr;f], xfjf cf
f sf0fn] ee ug{ ee zAb lg:sg . eleQf] lqm) lj) [e leQf]] Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd 6u \
edUb el/leQf] . edUb lqm) lj) [;+) e c) dsb] tfstn] EofP;Dd ;sGh]n ;s];Dd e
!= e|d . lj) @= Hofb} lga{lnof] . edf lj) [e d] dfqfeGbf klg a9\tf oy]i6 kof{Kt yk
}b/  lqm)lj) e/dUb/ . e;s lqm) lj) [e ;s] xg ldNg ;Dej eP;Dd ;se edUb . ] f
6 lj) [;+) e|i6] != e|i6 . @= rf}lt lau|s efO gf) [ e\ ( cfO)] eg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|
. [ > ] efO gf) efpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . efOg s) lqm) eg{ nfOg . efpg k|) ] lqm)
eg{ nfpg kfpg . @= Ifltk"lt{ ufpg ltfpg . #= af, km cflb eg]{ sfd ufpg .
k"f ug{ nfpg . efe gf) [e\ cf e\] != wdfwd eg]{ sfd . lj) @= elefp elk"0f{ .
942

el gf)of]) [k|f) elc < ;+) eo{] != sg} zAbsf] pQkbsf kdf cfP hlt, ;Dd, ko{Gt, ts cfl
y{ aemfpg] kbf+z (lbgel, ;doel, cfFvfel, d6el O)) . lqm) lj) @= sg} vf; ;Ldf, :yfg
jf ;do;Dd e ts . #= ;a} 7fpFdf ;j{q . elt lj) [;+)] elPsf] klk"0f{ 6gf6g . elg
] sg} j:t efF8fs8 F fdf eL xflng . elk"0f{ lj) [;+) e k"0f{] klk"0f{ elefp . el
[;+) e0f e\u] != htf;s} c:tJo:t eP 5lg] uL 5fNnAofNn . @= hyfefaL;Fu gfz xg] rfnn
elefp lj) [el efp] != sg} j:t jf kfq k"0f{kn] elPsf] klk"0f{ 6gf6g . gf) @= ef
d efO lbnfO egf{ . el/leQf] lqm) lj) x]) e/leQf] . elof gf) [efL Oof] efL af]s] h
g]{ JolSt sNnL . elnf] lj) [e\ Onf]] kf]l6nf] klki6 vFlbvFbfp . el;Ss]el;So lq
al4 jf Ifdtfn] EofP;Dd cj:yf tfutn] wfGg]hlt ;s];Dd ;se oyfzSo . eL lj) [e\ O{]
elefp 6gf6g . @= k"0f{ k"f . ljk) lQf] . e?jf lj) [e\ pjf] != elPsf] xflnPsf] . @
lg] . #= eg]{ gfKg] (dfgfkfyL) . gf) $= af?b, 5f{ cflb xfn] xflgg] jf k8\sfOg] aGbs
. e] lqm)lj) != lbg ;lsg] a]nfdf 3fd 8Ag nfu]kl5 a]nsLkv . @= eljiodf kGtdf kl5
ef]ln lqm) lj) [e] ef]ln] != cfh}sf] lbg jf ef]ln;Dddf . @= Ps bO{ lbg jf bO{rf lb
gkl5 l5} eljiodf . e] gf) x]) eof . e]nL lj) [e PnL] != cGg, kmnk"mn cflb j:t km
] jf ;a} kfs]sf] n6Dd . @= elefp k|z:t . #= l;\u} k"0f{ (e]nL h"g cflb) . e]NtL l
e\ PNtL] != elg] uL n6Dd eP . @= ;a}h:tf] k"0f{tM . ef];ef];f gf) [;+) e cf;cf
f cflbdf caf6 xg] esf] cfzf jf ljZjf; . @= cfwf e cf>o 6]sf] . ef}6 gf) [ef8fef
Hofnf dhbL . @= eg]{ tyf elg] sfd jf l:ylt efO . > ef}6 ] lj) != Hofnf lnP csf] s
. @= ef8f jf Hofnfdf NofOPsf]

943

es{gen n]gb]gdf k|of]u ulg] efF8f] (dfg, kfyL, s?jf cflb) . ekf{O{ gf) [ ekfO{] s;
u n]gb]g xFbf lng]jfnfn] lbg]jfnfnfO{ k|df0f:jk lbOg] l;b aemL lng]n] lnPsf] xF
eGg] l;b . ~ bfb} gf) ekf{O{sf] lzdf xg] zAb . ~ kl:tsf gf) ekfO{ ufOg] ;fgf] lstfa
gas . ed{g gf) [;+) e|d] != e|flGt xg] sfd jf l:ylt e|d e"n . @= lFu6f efpGg . #= a
f}nfpg] 5fF6 . > ed{gfO gf) ed{gfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ed{gfOg c) lqm) e|dd
f klg 5F6fOg . ed{gfpg c) lqm) != e|ddf kg{ 5F6fpg . @= lFufpg rSsfpg . eofs
c) d") eofs\ c] p7\g] jf p8\g] rfn . e?s lqm) lj) != w]} dfG5] Ps} kN6 p7\g] uL . @=
rfr?\uL Ps};fy p8\g yfNb} . e?Ss lqm) lj) eofse?s . > eofSs lqm) lj) Ps} kN6 p7\
p8\g] jf eml:sg] uL . eof gf) l;F9L, tnfdfly pSng] ;fwg e/] . eofe? lqm) lj) [c
(l))] != Ps} kN6 em?lDdg], 5lg] jf p8\g] uL eofse?s . gf) @= dl;gf s]6fs]6L lrrLe
8L . e{ lqm) lj) [c) d") e\ ] != kIfLxsf p8fOsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL e/{ . @= :6f]e, bdr
flb aNbf cfjfh lg:s] . #= zLdf 3fp, vl6f cflb Ps} kN6 lg:sg] uL . $= dl;gf] rLhaLh Ps
fPs 5lP . ef{ gf) yf hfltsf kf]lxt . ef{6Kkf af{6Kkf df?gL gfrdf ufOg] Ps yL uL
f) cGg e6g \ jf la:s6, f]6L cflb eSs kmnfpg efF8f], afnjf cflbsf] k|of]u uL tft
f] agfOg] rnf] . el;{g  c) lqm) e;]{nLsf fkdf lkN;g jf kfSg dwf] tfkdf fd|L kfSg
. e;]n { f gf) e;]{nL jf e;]{nf]sf] lto{s\ k . ~ kg{ 6) h];s} xg . e;]n { Le;]
n { f] gf) [;+) e:qf PnLPnf]] != rDsf nfPsf rnfdfly x]sf] ;Dd efu tfk w"jfF lg:sg] r
nfsf dvjlklsf] 7fpF . @= rnf] . e:of{O gf) [ el;{ ( ofO)] != el;{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [e:of{p cfO] @= e:of{pg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] e:of{Og s) lqm) el;{g] kflg e:
of{pg] sfd ulg . e:of{pg ;) lqm) != e;]{nL jf e\u|fdf fv] fd|f]l;t kfSg lbg . @=
fs]sf] eft cflb s]xL a] cf]yfpg ys dfg{ . en\g ;) lqm) [en] g] vf]kL, uRrf cflbsf
v]ndf aRrg] sfd ug{ vf]kLdf xfNg aRrg . en gf) [;+) a]nf] != cfsfzaf6 kfgL kbf{
jf af9L cfpFbf

ef8fsf kl5 nfUg] ef8fsf] 66\6" . #= rflxg] jf grflxg] lsl;dn] elg] (dflg;, rLh O))
. gf) $= elof sNnL . %= ef8fdf lnOPsf] JolQm jf dfn . es{g c) lqm) [e8\s g] t;] {
\  jf e{ p8\g e8\sg . > esf{O gf) es{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . esf{Og s) lqm) es{g]
kflg e8\sfOg . esf{pg k|]) lqm) e{ p8fpg e8\sfpg . els{g  c) lqm) es{g] xf]Og
\lsg . ev{ lqm) lj) [e If0f] s]xL a] dfq cl3 yf]} ;doklxn] eSv . sf] lj) != s]x
lxn]sf] tTsfn}sf] . @= hjfgL r9]sf] gf}hjfg . :qL) ev{sL . eh{gL gf) gfp nfUg] 7"nf]
gbL dxfgbL . etf{! lj) [;+)] != ef]ukf]if0fsf] cleeff jxg ug]{ kfng kf]if0f ug]{ (Jo
lQm) . gf) @= nf]Ug] klt . etf{@ lj) [e\ tf] != elPsf] 6Gg ePsf] . @= k"f eL . gf)
. etf{n gf) [e tfn] hjfsf] v]ndf RofFv]xnfO{ ltg{kg]{ sd . etL{ gf) [e tL] != sg}
lglDt ulg] lgolQm egf{ . @= kN6g cflbdf egf{ xg] sfd . #= ue{wf0f . lj) $= elPsf] e
tf{ . ~ s]Gb| gf) kN6g cflbdf etL{ xg] dVo 7fpF . jfn lj) != etL{ ePsf] . @= ;]g
fdf egf{ ePsf] lqm6 ulPsf] . gf) #= pQm k|sfsf] dflg; nfx] . :qL) etL{jfNgL . jfn
) != ;]gf cflbdf egf{ ug{ k7fpg] uNnfjfn . gf) @= To:tf] sfd ug]{ dflg; . :qL) et
L{jfNgL . et[ { gf) [;+)] != klt nf]Ug] . @= :jfdL dflns . #= lji0f . dtL gf) klt h
Lljt x]sL :qL ;wjf :qL . et[x { l gf) [;+)] kl5 k|l;4 slj of]uL ePsf pHh}gsf Ps fhf
Lltzts, j}fUozts, z[u \ fzts cflb ;+:s[t u|Gysf rlotf e/y/L . eT;{gf gf) [;+)] != s;}
fO{ lbOg] wDsL xKsLbKsL . @= sg} ceb| lgGbgLo sfdk|lt k|s6 ulg] Iff]e lgGbf ufnL v]
ey{L gf) [;+) et[{xl] != fhf et[{xlsf] syf, u0fufg cflb ;gfpFb} g]kfn eftsf ufpF
F rxfg]{ u]?jfwfL hf]uL e/y/L . @= et[{xl . egf{ gf) [;+) e0f] != sg} kb, sfd cflbdf
flg;x lgoQm ug]{ sfd lgolQm etL{ e/gf . @= Ps j:tsf] ;fdf csf]{ j:t lbg] sfd Iflt
"lt{ ug]{ sfd ;fegf{ abnf ;f . #= gku ePsf] j:t k"f ug]{ sfd . $= ljBfnodxfljBfnod
jBfyL{, c:ktfndf lafdL cflbsf] gfd n]vfO{ k|jz ] ug]{ sfd . egL{ gf) [;+) e0f O{] e] l
;fa ldnfpgkg]{ j:tsf]

enSseljiot\ kfvfdf au]sf] kfgLsf] k|jfx . @= t]n, ut, b"w, cfF; cflb tn kbfy{sf] w
ff] jf k|jfx . enSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ens\ s] enSs . enen lqm) lj) [c) d") en\ c (l))]
kfgL, cfF; cflb eNsf 56 ] aUg] uL enen . > enen] lj)gf) enen] . enf lj) [;+) e
|] != al9of c;n fd|f] a]; . lj) af]) @= sg} sfdf cf+lzs ;Gtf]if, v;L, cfZj:ttf cflb
St ubf{ lg:sg] zAb . (pbf) enf p;sf] Hofg;Dd t hf]luP5 Tolt;Dd eP klg enf .) enfO!
gf) [enf] cfO] != enf] jf c;n xg] sfd . @= lxt sNof0f pksf . enfO@ gf) [ en\ ( cfO)]
] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] enfOg s) lqm) eNg nfOg . enfpg k|) ] lqm) eNg nfpg
. enfs;fL gf) [enf] szn] != w]} lbgkl5sf] e]6ef6df bj} kIfn] ug]{, kf:kls ;vbMvsf
Zgf]Q sznd\un jf ;Grf]la;Grf]sf] ;f]wgL . @= lbn vf]n] ulg] d}qLk"0f{ sfsfgL PsfGt
fk . enfbdLenfL gf) [enf] cfbdL] != zLn, :jefj rlq fd|f] ePsf] dfG5] lzi6 tyf ;Eo J
Hhg . @= u0odfGo JolQm k|ltli7t dflg; . enfof] gf) [;+) eNnfts] 5f]6f] e]6\gdf xlo
f kml:snf kft xg,] xlof ;]tf ldl>t k"mn k"mNg], cfFksf cfsfsf, leq t]nh:tf] lrNnf]
kbfy{ xg] dl;gf kmn kmNg], kfSbf ftf] 6f]{ulnof] :jfbsf] xg], rf]k cfpg] rf]k 5
f]Pdf pl5g] Ps j[If cfojb {] df jftgfzs, ue{kft uKtf\uf]usf] cf}ifwL dflgPsf] To;}
sf] kmn . elnan gf) [c\)] d}bfgdf bOj { 6f vfdf uf8L To;df hfn 6fFu] bj}lt ]vf sf]
f ldnfO{ 55 hgf pleP xftn] Ps bf];|f kIfdf esG8f] lufpg] uL v]lng] v]n To;} v]ndf k|o
]u xg] xft] esG8f] . elnefFtL lqm) lj) [enf] efFlt] ;xL tlsfn] fd|f] lsl;d;Fu v"al;t
|f];Fu . engL gf) [efn gL] efnsf] kf]yL . en] gf) [en\ P] != vf]kL v]Nbf k};f aRrg]
n] eGg] zAb . @= en k:g] hUuf en cf]Og] hldg . en]uf | ] gf) [efn] Pu|f] ] != 7"nf] e
fn] . @= laxfgsf] ef]hg . enf] lj) [k|f) eNn] != fd|f] :jefjsf] c;n pQd >]i7 . @= ;Hh
g u0fjfg\ . gf) #= sNof0f enfO lxt . eNsg c) lqm) [eNsf] g] kfgL, b"w cflb tn j:t
t] jf 5rlNsP eNsf] p7\g eNsg . > eNsfO gf) eNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . eNsfOg s) lq
m) eNsf] lgsflng pdflng . eNsfpg ;) lqm) eNsf] lgsfNg pdfNg .
944

eNsf] gf) [en sf]] b"w, kfgL cflb tn kbfy{sf] pDnfO eNsf] . ej gf) [;+)] != xgfsf] e
fj jf l:ylt ;Qf . @= hGd pklQ . #= ;+;f hut\ . $= lzj dxfb]j . rqm gf) != ;Dk"0f{
t ;+;fdf hGd lng] ljgi6 xg] qmd hGdd0fsf] qmd . lj) @= au|]NtL . hn gf) ej;fu .
Lo lj) [;+)] tkfO{Fsf] oxfFsf] (kqsf cGtdf gfdsf klxn] cfTdLotf tyf gd|tf hgfpgsf
lglDt k|oQm xg) ] . > ejbLof lj) tkfOFsL oxfFsL . ejg gf) [;+)] != jf;:yfg jf cGo
ljz]if sfo{df pkof]u xg], k|foM 7"nf] 3 dxn k|f;fb baf . @= cf>o jf cfwfsf] :yfg (
f] cfgGbejg, s?0ffejg O)) . #= pTklQ hGd . ~ lgdf{0f gf) of]hgfa4 9\un] ulg], ejgsf]
lgdf{0f 3 agfpg] sfd . ~ lgdf{0f snf gf) :yfkTo z}nLsf] df}lnstfdtflas u[xlgdf{0f
ug]{ snf jf ;Lk . ~ lgdf{0f lj1fg gf) ejglgdf{0f To;sf] :yfloTj;DaGwL ljj]rgf ulPsf
] ljBf jf:tsnf;DaGwL zf:q . ejGt ;j{) [;+)] >Ldfg\ oxfF tkfO{F . ejaGwg gf) [;+)] ;+
;fkL aGwg ;f+;fls dfofhfn . ejeo gf) [;+)] ;+;fkL ;fudf hGd lnPkl5 ef]Ugkg]{ f]uJ
To cflb ;\s6sf] ;Gqf; ;f+;fls 8 . eje" l t gf) [;+ ) ] ;+ : s[ t ;flxTosf pQfdrlt
wj cflb gf6ssf rlotf, k|l;4 dxfslj . @= ;f+;fls P]Zjo{ ;DklQ . ej;fuejl;Gw gf) [;+)
+;fkL ;db| . eljtJo lj) [;+)] != klxn] sNkgf jf cgdfg g} gulPsf] cfsl:ds 36gf b36
{ gf . @= st{Jo u]sf] geO{ cghfgdf ePsf] b3{6gf . lj) #= eljiodf xg] kl5 xg] efj
L . tf gf) != eljiodf xg] sg} sfd jf sf] . @= cfsl:ds 36gf . #= efUo ;Ghf]u . eljtf
j) [;+)] != eljiodf xg] kl5 xg] . gf) @= ;flxTodf cl:tTjjfbL l;4fGtcg;f xgs 
f] cl:tTjaf]w ufpg] zAb hLjgnfO{ eljtf z"Gotf bO{ k|lqmofdf x]g]{ ;flxlTos lrGtg;
"qdWo]sf] cl:tTjaf]w . eljio gf) [;+)] != jt{dfg ;doeGbf kl5sf] ;Dk"0f{ cyfx ;do
. @= kl5 cfpg] ;do clxn]eGbf kl5 . lj) #= kl5 xg] . ~ syg gf) eljiojf0fL . eljiot
\ gf) [;+)] != cfpg] ;do cfufdL sfn . lj) @= kl5 xg] efjL . ~ sfn gf) != jt{dfg ;do
eGbf kl5 cfpg] ;do cfpFbf] ;do . @= Jofs0fdf eljiodf 3l6t xg] ;"rgf lbg] lqmofsf]
k (n]Vg]5, cfpg]5f}F, x]g]{5 O)) .

945

eljio kf0fefF8 \ g ;Tofgfz (k|foM ;fKtf cfpg]) . ;ft\ lj) 89] k"f vfgL ePsf] v
. > e:dfjz]if lj) 89] vfs eO{ vfgL dfq x]sf] . e:df; gf) kf0fdf jl0f{t, lzjhLsf] t
f u] s;}sf] lzdf xft fVbf Tof] JolQm hn] e:d xg] jbfg kfPsf], kl5 cfg} lzdf xft f
bf hn] d]sf] bfgj . e:dfe6L 6) s]xL gePsf] cj:yf el6ef6L . e:dLe"t lj) 89] vfgL e
] e:d ePsf] . e:d] lj) [;+) e:d P] != e:d kfg]{ . gf) @= 89]nf] nufO{ kmfF8kmF8 cfl
b kf] sdfO nufOg] kfvf] afL vf]lof . ~ 7F8f] gf) e:d]76  f] . ~ 76f] gf) != an]
] sfnf] 76f] . @= Psbd} sfnf] jf cFufh:tf] dflg; . ~ df6f] gf) vf]lofkfvf] 89]nf]
nufO{ kmfF8]kl5sf] sfnf] dlnnf] df6f] . e:d]nL lj) [e:d PnL] != e:d]df a:g] jf xg]
. @= e:d;DaGwL e:dsf] . e:ofse;s  lqm) lj) cfuf] k"} lgEg] lsl;dn] . e:of]6 gf)
[ef; of]6] efl;g] vfnsf] hldg efl;nf] hUuf . ef gf) [;+)] != rds bLlKt sflGt . @= 56f
lj zf]ef . #= ljBt\ lahnL . efFu gf) x]) ef . efFr \ g ;) lqm) [;+) e~h g] sg} n
j:tnfO{ 6So|fpg tf]8g \  . > efFrsr F gf) bf]af] efFRg] tyf lyr] sRRofpg] sfd
FreFr . efFrer F gf) efFrsFr . efFrfefFr gf) wdfwd efFRg] sfd k:ksf] eFrfO . efFlr
 s) lqm) != efFRg] sfd ulg . c) lqm) @= 6lqmg 66\g 7lGsg . efFrLsr F L gf) !
= efFRg]sRRofpg] sfd efFrsFr . lqm) lj) @= efFrsFr kf] . efFrf] gf) [kfFrf}] F != 8G
aof]sf] v]ndf kfFrsf] uGtL . @= ;f] uGtLdf laof] xfGg] sfObf jf To:tf] xgfO . #=
em6ff] . efFh gf) [;+) e~hg] != nufkmf6f k6fpg] bf]Ao|fpg] sfd . @= To:tf] k6fPsf]
bf]Ao|fPsf] 7fpF tx . #= hlQm pkfo . > efFhf gf) hLjhGtxnfO{ lyr] dfg{ ltgLxsf]
f] kQf nufO{ bfofFafofF flvg] sf7sf d9fxsf] wfk vf] kf;f] . efFhLefFhf] gf) sg} s
ojxfdf kg{ cfpg] Jojwfg ljg afwf . efF6L gf) [;+) e:qf] 5fnfsf] y}nf]h:tf] kf] agfOP
, cfuf] kmSg] ;fwg vnfFtL . efF8 \ g ;) lqm) [k|f) e08O < ;+) e08 g] != xg nfu]sf
] sfdsf] laufg{ aLr}df layf]Ng . @= gfd|f] af6f] jf ghftL

eljio kf0f gf) [;+)] Jof;ff lrt c7f kf0fdWo] eljiosf 36gf jf sfnfO{ ;\st ] uL
kf0f c7f dxfkf0fdWo] Ps . eljiojStf gf) [;+)] kl5 xg ;Sg] sfnfO{ klxn] g} 3f]lif
g{ ;Sg] JolQm eljiojf0fL ug]{ dfG5] (Hof]ltifL, ljrfs cflb) . eljiojf0fL gf) [;+)]
kl5 xG5 eg] klxn] g} 7f]sjf ulPsf] sf k"j{3f]lift jf0fL . eljiojfb gf) [;+)] kDkf
b|f]x ug]{, eflifs k|of]u cleJolQmsf b[li6n] gjLgtf lbg vf]Hg] 3gTjjfbh:t} ;Dk"0
f{tfnfO{ JoQm ug{ rfxg] ;flxlTos jfb . > eljiojfbL lj) eljiojfbsf] cgofoL jf ;dy
{s . eJo lj) [;+)] != x]bd {} f ;Gb Pj+ ljzfn xg; ] Ddsf] ;fgbf . @= sNof0fsfL d\
s ze . #= pkoQm of]Uo ;xfpFbf] . $= k|;Gg tyf zfGt . tf gf) eJo xgfsf] cj:yf jf
efj . e;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") e;s\ s] sg} j:t PsfPs 89\g] jf lau|g] uL e;Ss . e;e; lq
) lj) [c) d") e;\ c (l))] != v?v? 89\g] jf vtd xg] uL . @= vsnf] hldg el:sg] rfn;
Fu km;km; . > e;e;L lqm) lj) cem} e;e; eP . e;e8 F L lj) [e;f eF8L ] cnkq] e;f .
[ ef;\ ( cfO)] != efl;g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [e;fp cfO] @= e;fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] e;fOg s) lqm) ulxofOg u8fOg 8afOg . e;fpg ;) lqm) != sg} j:tnfO{ lunf] j
ulxf] 7fpFdf 7f]s] jf 5f]lkg] uL uf8\g vfFb\g . @= hUufhldgsf] df6f] kmfn] ulxf] k
g{ ulxofpg . #= s;}nfO{ cK7ff] l:yltdf kfg{ pS;g g;Sg] agfpg . e;fe; lqm) lj) [c)
d") e;\ cf e;\] != sg} sfd wdfwd xg] uL ;f; . @= ;a} 89\g] lsl;dn] . e;f lj) [;+) e
klg :ofxf;Def ug{ ghfGg] cnkq] kmf]xf]L . > e;f] lj) e;|Ss k] al;xg] e;f . e;f
mf]xf]L (:qL) . e:sg c) lqm) [e:s g] km:sf] jf kmsf] hldg cflb efl;g . > e:sfO gf)
e:sg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . e:sfOg s) lqm) e:sg] kflg eTsfOg . e:sfpg ;) lqm) != k
m:sf] hldg lyrL 7f]sL ulxofpg jf eTsfpg e;fpg . @= v"a vGg ef:g . #= w]} sfd ug
{ . el:sg c) lqm) e:sg . e:d gf) [;+)] != sg} klg j:t hn] ePsf] vfgL lje"lt . @=
foj]{bsf ljlwn] ljleGg wftpkwft hnfP agfOPsf] cf}ifwL . sfL lj) 89fP e:d kfg]{ .
~ vfgL gf)

efF8efpa];fxf ntdf nfUg afNg laufg{ . #= s;}nfO{ lalelG8g] l:yltdf kofpg e8\sfpg
. efF8 gf) [;+) e08] != ufP jf gfr] hLljsf rnfpg] kDk/f ePsf] Ps hft . :qL) eFl8gL e
F8]gL . @= efF8\g] rfn . lj) #= cgfjZos kdf jf hfgLhfgL em}emd]nf ug]{ slr\un dRrfp
g] hyfefaL af]Ng] . ~ uLt gf) efF8hfltn] j+zqmdsf kdf ufpFb} cfPsf] uLt efF8hfltsf] u
Lt . efF8e}nf] gf) [efF8 e}n cf]] != cJojl:yt Pj+ cgzf;gxLg 9\uaf6 ulg] sg} sfdsf] .
ZnLn jrg dgkL af]nL . #= hyfefaL abdf;Lsf ;fy ePsf] sfd Jojxf . efF8f gf) efF8f]sf]
a) j) k . s8 F f gf) 3Jojxfdf vfglkg tyf ;fdfg fvgwg ug{ cfjZos kg]{ ;fwg efF8fx
x efF8fat{g s;gtdg . ~ jt{g gf) efF8fs8 F f. efFl8pF gf) != efF8\g] vfnsf] af]nLrfnL
fF8\g] lgxF . lj) @= crfSnL pTkft cf}wL efFl8d (pbf) ltdLn] dfq} Tof] efFl8pF lnP dn
fO{ s] lg <) . efFl8g s) lqm) [efF8\ O g] != cfkm} lau|g jf aflng e|i6 xg . @= eO
]sf] sfdsf] cflb layf]lng lalelG8g . efFl8d gf)lj) x]) efFl8pF . efF8L gf) [efF8f]
cfgdf rnfOg] ;fgf] xtf}8L jf dftf]n { . efF8f] gf) [;+) ef08] != b}lgs vfB j:t fv
gwg ug]{, ksfpg]kl:sg] vfg]lkpg] cflb sfddf k|of]u xg,] wft, df6f] cflbsf] kfq a
t{g . @= kfq . efFtefFtL gf) != hg;s} sfdsf] tf}tlsf k4lt . @= sg} ljifo jf j:tsf]
k|sf sf]l6 yL lsl;d . ~ e"v08 gf) sg} sfd ;kmn kfg{ ulg] cys k|of; el;Ss] d]xgt .
;+) eft[] != Pp6} cfdfafaaf6 hGd]sf] jf Pp6} afasf] csL{ cfdfaf6 hGd]sf], cfk"
meGbf sfG5f] JolQm e|ftf cgh . @= To:t} gftfsf] cfk"meGbf sd pd]sf] JolQm . #= cfk
"meGbf sfG5f] sg} klg JolQmnfO{ :g]xn] ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb . rff gf) sg} bO{ yL JolQm
kIfsf aLrdf efOaGwsf gftfn] ulg] cfTdLotfk"0f{ Jojxf jf ;DaGw . l6sfl6sf] gf) != s
flQ{s zSn ltLofsf lbg lbbLalxgLn] ci6lr~hLjL ododgfsf] k"hf uL bfhefOnfO{ nufOlb
g] d\unsf] 6Lsf . @= e|ft[ltLof efOltof efOltxf . ~ ltofltxf gf) lbbLa}gLn] bfhe
sf nfP ;]n, ld7fO{ cflb klsf vfg lbg] lbg efO6Lsf efO6Lsf] . ~ gfOs] gf) bfOgfOs] geP
f v08df gfOs]sf] cleeff jxg ug]{ JolQm gfOs]kl5sf] gfOs] ;fgf] gfOs] . ~ aGbL gf) bf
hefOsf aLrsf] d]n
946

Pstf . efO aGw gf) [efO aGw] Ps} j+zsf ;xf]b bfhefO tyf ldqxsf] ;d"x . efO laGb|fn
f] gf) [efO laGb|fnf]] cfg} j+zsf efOe}ofb tyf cGo s6Da]L gftfsf JolQmxsf] ;d"x . efO
axfL gf) [efO axfL < ;+) eft[jw"] != cfg} efOsL kTgL ;xf]b efOsL >LdtL . @= efO
#= efO kg]{ JolQmsL kTgL . efO effbf gf) [efO effbf] fhkljfsf gftfuf]tfleqsf JolQm
kbflwsfL . efO e}ofb gf) [efO e}ofb] ;a} aGwju{ efOaGw . efO/; gf) [c\)] /f]u ;fg]{
ljiffn sL6f0f hLjf0f ljiff0f . efO; [c\)] zAbdf ltLo cy{sf] af]w ufpg] Ps c\uh
k;u{ . ~ rfG;n gf) pksnklt . ~ r]oDofg gf) pk;efklt . ~ k|]l;8]G6 gf) k|]l;8]G6sf] ;x
os pkfi6klt . @= pk;efklt . ~ fo gf) sg} pklgj]zdf fhfsf] k|ltlglw eP zf;g rnfpg] J
k|ltlglw . efO;x lqm) lj) [efO ;x] cfcfg} x}l;ot jf cf}sft cg;f afaL kdf efOefO
fpFl6g c) lqm) [efp6f] O g] efpF6f] cfOnfUg cfklQ vlgg emGem6 ylkg . efpF6f] gf) !
laTyfdf cfOk]sf] cfklQ sl7gfO . @= grflxFbf] emGem6 kmhnsf] 6G6f . efpFL gf) ljjfxd
f bnxfbnxLn] hUu]df ug]{ klqmdf df0ff]3dfO . efp gf) [;+) efj] != gfrufg, af]nrf
n cflbdf cfGtls jf ;f\s]lts efj k|s6 ulg] cf\lus r]i6f jf db|f gsn xfpefp . @= dof{b
dfg ;Ddfg cfb . #= lsga]r ulg] j:tsf] k|rlnt jf lglZrt d"No b df]n . efpr gf) [c
of{nodf gub jf lhG;L wf}6 fVbf jf ltbf{ k|df0f:jk kfOg] l;b gub hDdf u]sf] k|df0fkq
r/ . @= eQmfgL tyf lx;fa 7Ls 5 egL k|dfl0ft ug]{ l;b . efplhof gf) [efph" Oof] efph
]nf] efph" . efph" gf) [k|f) efpHhf < ;+) e|ft[hfof] bfhsL kTgL . > efph]nf] != ef
ph" nfg] JolQm (b]j) . @= b]jefph"sf] cj}w ;DaGwaf6 hGd]sf] afns . efpHo" gf) x]) ef
ph" . efptfp gf) [efp tfp] sg} j:tsf] efp sfod ug]{ sfd jf l:ylt df]ntf]n befp . efpG
gf) [;+) e|d] ef]s, f]u, udL{, sdhf]L, l; cflb sf0fn] nfUg] rSs lFu6f ed{g . efpa];
) [efp a];fxf] ahfdf lsgd]n ulg] vfBfGg

947

efp;fGtLef htf kfof] Tot} efUg] sfd ;asf ;a efUg] sfd . efufx{ lj) [;+)] != efu nfpg
of]Uo efHo . @= efu kfpg of]Uo lx:;]bf c+l;of . eflug c) lqm) [efu\ O g] efUg] alg
og xf]Og . eflug]o gf) [;+)] lbbLalxgLsf] 5f]f] eflgh . efuL lj) [;+)] != efu kfpg]
efu jf lx:;f ePsf] lx:;]bf . @= ef]Ug] a]xf]g]{ . gf) #= xsbf c+l;of clwsfL . bf
"js { tf]lsPsf] efu kfpg] efuL . efuLyL gf) [;+)] ;u fhfsf gflt euLyn] cffwgf u] l
Qmsf lgldQ k[YjLdf NofPsf] egL kf0fdf jl0f{t gbL u\uf hfXgjL . efUu] gf) [;+) efUo]
efUo tslb . hf]Uu] lqm) lj) efUohf]Uo . efuL lj) efUosf] efu kfpg] k|fAwL . efUo
+) efUo] dgion] cfgf] sd{nfO{ k"j{lgof]lht of]hgfsf] kmnsf kdf l:jsf]sf] b}jL ljwf
g ;f]cg;f kg;sf] sdfO k|fAw . ~ rqm gf) kll:yltsf] 3]fdf lgGt eOxg] efUosf] 3d
k]mf] . hf]Uo lqm) lj) efUocg;f k|fAwadf]lhd . ~ kq gf) sg} ;d"xaf6 cs:dft\ lnOP
f 5flgPsf] zecze kmn, hf]vgf, efUo cflbsf sfx n]lvPsf] kq jf sfut . dfgL lj) ;f}ef
Uo k|fKt u]sf] efUojfg\ efUozfnL . ~ ]vf gf) != x:t]vfcg;f dfG5]sf xTs]nfdf x]sf],
aGwb]lv ;Lw} dfemL cf}Fnf ;fFlxnL cf}Fnfsf aLrlt uPsf] ]vf efUo;"rs 7f8f] ]vf . @= ;
l~rt zefze sd{sf] ef]u efUosf] v]n . ~ n]vf gf) efUodf x]sf] egL dflgPsf] s f] k|
f Awdf x] s f] z e fz e kl0ffd . jtL lj) fd|f] efUo ePsL jf klt, kq, ;DklQ cflbn]
oQm (:qL) ;f}efUojtL . jzjzft\ lqm) lj) efUon] ubf{ efUocg;f b}jft\ . jfb gf)
h] 5 ToxL dfq hLjgdf ef]Ugk5{ eGg] l;4fGt dfG5]n] k"jh { Gdsf] sdfO g} ef]U5 eGg
] kDkf . jfbL lj) efUosf] e kg]{ efUodf lge{ xg] efUojfbsf] cgofoL . jfg\ lj)
k"0f{ ePsf] efUozfnL efUodfgL . ~ ljwftf lj) != s;}sf] efUolgdf{0f ug]{ jf agfOlbg
] efUolgdf{tf . gf) @= ;vbMvsf] sf0fe"t dflgg] zlQmk O{Zj . ~ ljko{o gf) kll:ylt
{sf0fn] efUodf kljt{g cfpg] sfd fd|f] cj:yfaf6 cfpg] gfd|f] cj:yf jf gfd|f] cj:yfaf6
fpg] fd|f] cj:yf . zfnL lj) fd|f] efUo ePsf] efUojfg\ efUodfgL . xLg lj) != efUo
gePsf] efUon] 7luPsf] cefuL . @= bMvL kLl8t . > efUof]bo gf) fd|f] efUosf] pbo lbgk|
tlbg xFb} hfg] pGglt la:tf} kmls{Psf] fd|f] lbg . ef gf) [;+) ef\uf] != l;nfdsf h:t}
dl;gf bfgf kmNg],

cflb pkef]Uo j:tsf] df]n . efp;fGtL lqm) lj) [efp zflGt] efpdf rn]dtflas k|rlnt d"
Nocg;f . efs\g ;) lqm) != sg} sfo{ l;4 xf];\ egL b]jb]jLnfO{ k"hf, aln ck{0f ug{ k
|lt1f ug{ efsn ug{ . @= zky u|x0f ug{ lslof vfg . efses lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) e
\ c] != xfx u] sg} sfd rfF8} l;4 ug]{ uL . @= hyfefaL lk6\g] rfn;Fu kfsks . efsn
efs\ cn] cfgf] OR5f l;4 xf];\ eg] b]jb]jLnfO{ k"hf ug]{ tyf aln r9fpg] k|lt1f b]jtf e
fSg] sfd . efsf gf) [efvf < ;+) efiff] != sg} sfd k"f ug{ tf]lsPsf] cjlw jf af]nsaf
]nsf] ;do Dofb . @= k|lt1f afrf . #= k9fO jf ujfOsf] no :j . tYo gf) efsf fv]sf] lb
kq gf) efvfkq . eflsg s) lqm) [efs\ O g] efsn ulg . efs gf) Ps hftsf] df5f]ljz]
efvf gf) [;+) efiff] != efiff (cl3 if sf] pRrf0f v ePcg;f) . @= efsf no . vfjf
jxf ug]{ Dofb efsf cjlw . ~ kq gf) lglZrt ;doleq sg} sfd ug{ lnPsf] ?lkofF ltg{ san
uL n]lvPsf] sfuh k|lt1fkq . efu\g c) lqm) [k|f efu\ g] != cfgf] ;Iffsf lglDt bf}8]
q st} hfg a]kQf xg ;OFsRrf 7f]Sg . @= bf}8g bug{ sb\g . #= st{Jokyaf6 ljdv
P knfog xg . $= pDsg . efu gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tsf] v08 lx:;f jf c+z . @= efUo tsl
b . #= tkmbfL kIf . $= ul0ftdf sg} ;\Vof jf flznfO{ v08v08df afF8\g] k|lqmof . %= c
u cjoj . ^= lnR5ljsfndf hldgsf pAhgLsf] 5, cf7 jf afx| efudWo] tf]lsPsf] Ps efu s
. ~ vf];jf lj) efu vf]:g] c+z vfg] (efO) . ~ kUbf] lj) efudf k]hlt afF8LrF8L . km
gf) ul0ftdf efhsn] efHonfO{ efu ubf{ lg:sg] c\s nlAw . ~ aG8f gf) Ps} c+l;of bfhefO
sf aLrdf afa lx;fan] ulg] ;DklQsf] afF8kmfF8 c+zaG8f . ~ afF8f] gf) efuaG8f . efujt g
) [;+)] != c7f dxfkf0fdWo] ljz]iftM s[i0fsf syfxsf] j0f{g ulPsf] Ps k|l;4 dxfkf0f .
lj) @= eujt\ cyf{t\ lji0f;DaGwL . #= lji0fsf] eQm eujb\eQm . efu;fGtL lqm) lj)
[efu ;fGtL] efudf k]cg;f bfdf;fxLn] kfPdtflas . eful; gf) [efu l;] ljz]if l:ylt kbf
] hf]lug] sfd jf To:tf] efUg] JolQm . efuxf gf) [;+)] ul0ftdf efu ug]{ k|lqmof . ef
ufefu gf) [efu\ cf efu\] sg} ljz]if l:yltdf w]} dflg;

efkfnLeftL tL bfgf vfFbf dft nfUg], ufFhfsf hftsf] Ps af]6 efFu . @= To;}sf kft, bf
gf ;a} df8]lkFw] agfOPsf] dfbs j:t jf k]o kbfy{ 3f]f efFu . F } hfg] efkfnL gf) [E
sg} j:t jf Jojxf lau|b sfd eTsf]; . ef k]nfO gf) [ef k]nfO] sg} hlQmn] cfgf] dtn
ug]{ sfd lyrf]ldrf] . efe gf) [c) d") (l)) e] != gi6e|i6 jf tf]8kmf]8 ug]{ sfd . @=
l56f]l56f] xft rnfP ulg] lk6fO kfsks . #= ePesf sfsf] kf]vfO jf pbf\UofO . lj) $= e
P nyfln\u kfg]{ etfe\u . > efe ] efeu \ ] lj) efe ug]{ vfnsf] efe kfg]
f) [ef ehf] != s]xL gaRg] uL ePsf] afF8r8 F . @= ;a} ;lsg] jf llQg] l:ylt k"0f{ ;dfl
Kt . ef\u]! | lj) [ef\u|f] P] != ef\u|f]h:tf] ef\u|faf6 ag]sf] . @= ;a} ;lsg] jf ll
:ylt k"0f{ ;dflKt . ef\u]|@ lj) [ef\u|f] P] != ef\u|f]h:tf] ef\u|faf6 ag]sf] . @= ef
] nuf nufpg] . :qL) ef\u|L . ~ l;:g gf) kf6 lgsfnL ef\u|f, af]f cflb agfOg], sfDn]
sf h:t} kft xg] kftdf sfF8f xg] 7"nf] hftsf] l;:g cNnf] . ef\u|f] gf) [;+) ef\us]
kf6faf6 ag]sf] af]fh:tf] v;|f] sk8f 6f6 rL . ef\hf] gf) [efFhL] != sg} sfdsfsf
cfpg] afwf ljg efFhL . @= cNemf] emd]nf . efhs gf) [;+)] != ul0ftdf sg} ;\Vof jf f
{ efu lng] c\s efhs ;\Vof . lj) @= efHonfO{ efu ug]{ efu lng] jf efu nufpg] . efhg gf
) [;+)] != sg} j:t efu nufpg] sfd afF8g \ ] sfd . @= kfq efF8f] . #= sg} sfd jf sfsf
clwsfL jf kfq (h:t} sf]kefhg, ljZjf;efhg O)) . eflht lj) [;+)] afF8] cnu kflPsf] efu
nufOPsf] ljeQm . efHo lj) [;+)] != efhs ;\Vofn] efu nufpgkg]{ efu nufpg ;lsg] efu nu
fpg plrt . gf) @= ul0ftdf efhsn] efu nufpg ;lsg] d"n ;\Vof jf flz . ef6 gf) [;+) e]
!= fhfdxffhf jf 7"nfa8fsf] :tlt ufP hLljsf rnfpg] Ps hflt . @= a|fXd0fn] ;GGof;L h
ftsL gfL;Fu ;xjf; uL k}bf ePsf] ;Gtfg . #= tLgln\u] jf ;f]eGbf a9Lsf] h};L hftn] To
:t} h};L jf v;sL 5f]L;Fu lax] uL hGdfPsf] ;Gtfg . luL gf) :tltufg ug]{ sfd . ef6e6
gf) [(l)) e6 \ c] w]yf] e6\g] sfd e6ef6 . ef6f gf) [ef6] ;db|df p7] la:tf} 36\b
] t\u
948

Hjfsf] ljkLt cj:yf . efl6of gf) [;+) e] != ;grfFbLsf] Ps k|sfsf] l;qmLjfn uxgf . @=
faf8L hfltsf IfqL, vqL, cflbsf] Ps ju{ jf y . ef6L gf) [eL] != s6sl6Psf] d}n akmfO{
vsnf] kfg{ ksfOg] efF8f] jf cFu]g . @= ;kmf kfg{sf lglDt d;nfx xfn] nuf wg] Ps
k|lqmof . #= gbLsf 5]pdf, j]0fL k]sf 7fpFdf jf tLy{:yndf c:yfoL d]nf nfUbf a]kfL j
f tLy{ofqLx a:g agfOPsf] :ofpnfsf] 5fk|f] . \ , ef8 gf) [;+) ef] emL jf lxpF kbf{ cG
g ;sfO{ s6g lkFWg c;ljwf kg]{ xFbf ;sfpgsf lgldQ cFu]gfdfly emG8fOg] efF8f] .
ef8f gf) [;+) ef6s] csf{sf] sg} j:t k|of]u ubf{ ;f] j:t k|of]u u]afkt lgoldt jf
k6sk6s uL lbOg] wgflz lsfof axfn dx;n . sf] 666 " gf) tna vfPkl5 cfgf] cl:tTj
JolQm csf xftdf laSg] dfG5] bnfn bf; . sf] ef]6 gf) ef8fdf las]sf] elofafasf] J
f] 666" . ef]6 gf) ef8f eg]{ jf lbg] sfd ef8f . jfn lj) != ef8fdf kfOg] jf pkof]u
lg] lsfofdf lbOg] . @= ef8fdf a:g] (JolQm) . ef0f gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t gf6l;4fGtcg;f Pp6
dfq c\s xg] xf:o;k|wfg xg], b[ZosfJosf] Ps e]b xf:ok|wfg Psf\sL . > efl0fsf gf)
s dGbult gflosf k|uNef ePsf], s}lzsL eftLj[lQn] oQm, Ps k|sfsf] pkks . ef08 gf) [;
)] != efF8f] . @= d"n wg kFhL . #= laqmL ulg] dfn jf j:t . k|ltef08 gf) j:tsf] d
"Nosf] cgkftdf xg] ljlgdo ;dfg j:tsf] cbnfabnL jf j:t j:tsf] ;f6f;f6 ubf{ k|o
f]u ulg] u0fgf . > ef08fuf gf) 9s6L eF8f uf]bfd . ef08f/ gf) x]) eG8f/ . eft gf)
m] != kfgLdf rfdn ksfP l;t}l;tf xg] uL agfOPsf] vfB j:t . @= laxfga]nsfsf] lgold
t ef]hg . sf] esfL lj) != hlt vfP klg gc3fpg] l3rjf . @= cN5Lsf] fhf eft dfq vfPsf]
klg pktL gug]{ . ~ efG5fefG;f gf) eft, ltxg ksfpg] vfg] d]nf] vfglkgsf] af6f] . df
lj) != csf{sf 3df nfh} krfP a:g] ljgfsfd} eft dfq vfg] . @= vfgsf nflu dfq csf 33 r
]{ etjf eft] . ~ x6s gf) s g } u} ;fdflhs hfltlj?4 sfd u] a fkt eftefG;faf6 cnu u
jf cf]fNg] k/fgf] rng . eftL! gf) [;+) e:qf] vnfFtL . eftL@ gf) [eft O{] pl;g]sf] c
fnnfO{ 5f]8fP/ kL7f] d5e ] m}F

949

eft]ef efGhL gf) [efGhf] O{] != lbbL jf alxgLsL 5f]L . @= gGb jf cfdfHo"sL 5f]L nf]Ug
lbbLalxgLsL 5f]L . ~ lbbL gf) pd]df cfk"meGbf h]7L, kmk"sL 5f]L . ~ alxgL gf) pd]d
fk"meGbf sfG5L, kmk"sL 5f]L . ~ axfL gf) eflghsL u[lx0fL lbbLalxgLsL axfL . ~ efpH
o" gf) efGbfOsL kTgL kmk"sL axfL . efGh] lj) [efGhLefGhf] P] efGhf] jf efGhL;DaGwL
hfefGhLsf] . > efGh]pnf] gf) efGhfefGhLltsf] gftfuf]tf efGhfefGhLsf] ;Gtfg . ~ hjf
OF gf) lbbL alxgLsf 5f]Lsf] nf]Ug] efGhLsf] klt . ~ axfL gf) eflghsL kTgL . efGhf]
[k|f) ef0f]Hhf]] eflgh . efG8f}n gf) [efF8 of}n] != sg} k|sfsf] pkw|f] efF8e}nf] . @=
crfSnL pTkft . efGbfO gf) [eflgh bfO] eflghbfO . efG;f gf) [;+) dxfg;] != bfn eft, tsf
cflb ef]hg agfpg] jf ksfpg] 7fpF efG;fsf] sf]7f] jf 3 efG5f . @= rnf]rf}sf] . #=
b}lgs laxfga]ns  f vfOg] eftbfn, tsfL cflb klsfsf] ef]hg eftefG;f . $= clgoldt cfh{
f e|i6frfsf] sd 3; (Jo\Uofy{df) . ~ 3 gf) laxfga]nsfsf] ef]hg agfpg] 3 jf sf]7f]
sfpg] 7fpF efG5f3 . > efG;] gf) eft ksfpg], k:s] vjfpg] cflb efG;fsf] sfd ug]{ JolQ
m efG5] . efkefkm gf) [;+) jfik] jfik afkm . efaefe gf) [;+) ak|] != kxf8sf km]bLsf
|} udL{ xg] cf}nf]sf] k|sf]k kg]{ 7fpF . @= cToGt udL{ pvdfpnf] . #= 3df}f] jf udL
{vl6f lg:sgfn] hLpel b]lvg] 6f6f jf bfu . efd] gf) 9f\u|f] ahfP kmnfSb} gfRb} ug]{ wf
L . > efd]t gf) != wfdLsf] lqmof jf k|lqmof . lj) @= efd] wfdL;DaGwL efd]sf] . efD6
f]efDnf] gf) [ efpF6f]] sg} sfd jf Jojxfsf aLrdf cfOnfUg] afwfhgs l:ylt kG5fpg pDsg
;lhnf], emsf]{nfUbf] cj:yf layf]nL emd]nf] efpF6f] . ef gf) [;+)] != dflg; jf uf8Ln]
af]Sg n}hfg ;Sg]hlt kldf0f jhg af]em efL (nf]8) . @= sfdsf] lhDd]bfL cleeff . #= lj
flb d\unsfo{sf] ;ugsf lglDt k]?\ufdf df5f, ;fukft cflb xfnL s]fsf] kft;lxt pvdf a
fFw]sf] efL . $= bfpf, la:sg cflb ;sfpg cu]gfdfly agfPsf] 6fF8 rf . %= bj}lt 8f]Ls
plemG8f] nufP t]5f]{ sf7df sfFwdf af]Sg], vk{gh:tf] ;fwg . ~ s]Gb| gf) sg} j:tsf]
cfsif{0fsf] s]Gb|laGb efsf] cfsif{0fs]Gb| . hLjL gf) != csf{sf] efL af]s] hLjg uhf
]{ JolQm

d5] tof kflg] vfB j:t cfneftL . eft] lj) [eft P] != eftsf edf csf{sf] sfd uL hLjg
pg] etjf . @= sg} sfd, Ond guL a;] dfq vfg] eftdff . ~ 8f]f] gf) hg} (Jo\Uofy{ jf
df) . ~ lgb|fgLb gf) eft vfP ;t]kl5 nfUg] uf9f lgb|f  gf) ;fusf] tsfL vfg vfgfkl5sf
ulxf] gLb . ~ a]y xg,] 7"nf hftsf] a]y] . ~ l;tff gf) kfgLn] leHg] lalQs} efth:tf]
eP uNg] sd;n vfnsf] l;tff . efbufpF gf) [;+) eQm u|fd] eQmksf] kfgf] gfpF eQmk .
fpFn ] lj) [efbufpF n]] != efbufpFsf] efbufpF;DaGwL . @= efbufpFdf ag]sf] jf tof ePsf
] . ~ 6f]kL gf) fli6o klxgsf] lzf]e"if0f dflgPsf], lvk] l;OPsf] tyf u}uf k]sf], sf
of] g]kfnL 6f]kL . efb| gf) [;+)] ebf} efb|kb . kb gf) efb| dlxgf . kbf gf) ;QfO; g
fqdWo]sf aL;f}F PSsfO;f}F bO{ gIfq k"j{efb|kbf pQefb|kbf . kbL gf) ebf} dlxgfsf]
SnkIfsf] clGtd ltly efb|zSn k"l0f{df . efg gf) [;+) e|d1fg] != sg} ljZj:t tYo km]
nf gk]sf] 1fg cfef; ememNsf] . @= e|dk"0f{ wf0ff e|fGt 1fg . eflgh gf) [;+) eflug]o]
= lbbL jf alxgLsf] 5f]f] efGhf] . @= gGb jf cfdfHo"sf] 5f]f] nf]Ug]sf lbbLalxgLsf] 5
f]f] . ~ h]7fHo" gf) cfgf nf]Ug]sL kmk"sf] 5f]f] kmk";f;"sf] 5f]f] . ~ bfObfh gf
"meGbf h]7f] kmk"sf] 5f]f] efGbfO . ~ afa gf) cfgf afasL kmk"sf] 5f]f] afxgafa
~ efO gf) cfk"meGbf ;fgf] pd]sf], kmk"sf] 5f]f] . efg gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ lj . @= ls
k|sfz . #= slj efgeQmsf] ;+lIfKt gfd efgeQm . efgeQm gf) [;+)] lj) ;+) !*&!df hG
d eP lj) ;+) !(@%df b]xfGt ePsf, g]kfnL efiffdf cWofTdfdfo0f, k|Zgf]QL, eQmdfnf, jw"
lzIff k|z:t km6s kB n]Vg], g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|fyldssfnLg tyf fdelQmwffsf k|dv  slj
g]kfnL ;flxTosf cflbslj . > efgeQmLo lj) efgeQm;DaGwL efgeQmn] tof kf]sf] (ljz]if
tM fdfo0f) . efg] lj) [efg P] efg xg] ememNsf] nfUg] . du \ f | ] gf) du \ f| h
] efg xg] jf b]lvg], 8F8fNg, kR5 6fpsfdf kv]6fh:tf] xg], lrKnf] alnof] 5]kffsf
5fF6sf] t 5]kff]eGbf 7"nf] uf]xf]f]eGbf ;fgf] Ps hGt . efG5f gf) x]) efG;f . efGhg
gf) [bg)] bgjf;dfhdf em}emd]nf kbf{ dWo:y xL bj} kIfnfO{ ldnfpg] k|dv JolQm bg
jf ;dfhsf] gfOs] jf ufpFa"9f] . efGhf efGhL gf) [efGhf] efGhL] lbbLalxgLsf 5f]f5f]Lsf]
;d"x efGhf efGhL .

ef08ef/{e/  { elof . lj) @= efL af]s] hLljsf rnfpg] efjfxs . ef08 gf) bGTosyfdf k
lrqsf] kIfL ef/08 . eft! gf) [;+) efL6] eFu ] f]h:t} cfsfsf] xg] Ps k|sf/sf] r
f) [;+)] != g]kfnsf] blIf0fL l5d]sdf x]sf] blIf0f Pl;ofnL Ps k|l;4 b]z jf u0ftGq d
ns . @= eftjif{ . #= dxfeft gfds Ps u|Gy . $= eftj+zdf pTkGg JolQm . %= sl7gfO kle
dl:sn x}fg . ~ Ofg]nL lj) eff]k]nL eflifs vnssf] cfo]{nL zfvf . ~ jif{ gf) hDa Lks
f} jif{dWo] Ps jif{ cfof{jt{ . ~ jifL{o lj) eftjif{;DaGwL eftLo . jf;L lj) eftdf a
sf] afl;Gbf . eft# gf) klZrd g]kfndf k|rlnt nf]s Pj+ jLufyf r}t (rlq) x8s]nL efTof
L gf) [;+)] != jf0fL af]nL efiff . @= ljBfsL clwi7fqL b]jL jfUb]jL ;:jtL . #= ;+:s[t
fJozf:qdf jl0f{t rf j[ l QdWo] Ps eftL j[ l Q . $= ;GGof;L hfltsf bzgfdLdWo]sf] Ps
y . eftLo lj) [;+)] != eft;DaGwL eftsf] . @= eft b]zsf afl;Gbf eftjf;L . eft]nL
eft;DaGwL eftsf] eftLo . efbf gf) [;+) ef kmf) bf] != sg} zf;gJoj:yfsf pRr cf]xb
{ JolQm k|ltli7t fhsd{rfL fh;efsf] ;b:o fh;ef;b\ . @= cl3 g]kfndf x]sf] rf}tlof, s
vbf, skbf vhfGrLsf] ;d"x To:t} lghfdtLkl sfhLb]lv dlvof;Dd tyf h\uLkl ;a]bf;D
. efbfL gf) [effbf O{] != efbfxsf] ;ef efbfx a;] ljz]if sfsf] 5nkmn ug]{ jf
{ 7fpF ;ef jf srxL . @= 5nkmn ax; . #= f0ffsfndf pRr clwsfLx ;b:o ePsf] ;ef jf Gofofn
sf};L . ~ ;ef gf) fhfnfO{ fHosf] zf;g;DaGwL sfo{df kfdz{ lbg] ;ef dflyNnf] ;bg efbfL
f tNnf] ;bg fi6;efdWo] dflyNnf] rflxF ;bg . effh gf) [;+)] != effh Clifsf] sn jf
= effhuf]q . #= eb|fO{ rf] . ~ uf]q gf) effh Clifsf] sndf pTkGg ePsf JolQmxsf] j+z
hgfpg] gfd rf}nfufO{,F ;jb ] L, kGyL, l;njfn, l;hfktL, lji6, jfUn], nf]xgL, kGt
, wfdL, b"wkf]v]n, l;jfsf]6L, b]jsf]6f, lgf}nf, eF8fL, af]xf]f, z4 vF8\sf, fpn, sF8]
, >LkfnLa:g]t, sn]6fkf08], n6f}nfhf]zL wfdLclwsfL y xg]xsf] uf]q . efn gf) :tg
df kg],{ tLg lkm6hlt cUnf], cfwf
950

ld6;Ddsf nfdf l; xg,] n]sdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] e]8f . efjfxs lj) [;+)] != efL af]Sg], j
f8L cflb ;fwg JolQm . gf) @= elof sNnL . eflj gf) cy{uf}jsf lglDt k|Voft lsftfhg
osf rlotf . eff gf) [;+) ef] != pksf nufPsf] C0f s[t1tf . @= pksfk|ltsf] bfloTj lhD
leeff . #= af]em efL . $= ef8f axfn lsfof . effbf gf) [;+) ef kmf) bf] x]) efbf
. effkfFr gf) [ef kfFr] kfFr} vfnsf efbf ;a} effbf . eff kmf}h gf) [eff kmf}h]
f kfl>lds lbP s]xL ;dosf nflu egf{ ulPsf ;}lgs hjfg . eff ef}6 gf) [ef8f ef}6] != ef
x;n cflb ltg]{ sfd . @= ef8f, dx;n, s, zNs, Hofnf cflb . efL gf) [;+) ef O{] != Ps
hgfn] af]Sg ;Sg]hlt af]emf ef af]em . @= 8f]sf], wf]qmf] cflbdf e]sf] ;fdfgsf] af]em
f . lj) #= ux|\uf] jhgbf . $= clt 7"nf] dxfg\ . %= w]] yk}| . ~ lhpsL lj) k]6 af]s
ue{jtL bf]lhof . tfL gf) efL To;;fy nlug] cGo ;fdfg efL o:t} c kf]sfkGtf . e
= ;fwf0f vfnsf] ;fdfGo (JolQm jf j:t) . @= lgDg sf]l6sf] tNnf txsf] . #= rfgrg] .
eff]Qf]ng gf) [;+)] ljleGg v]n s;t cflbdf jhgbf j:t prfNg] sfd ux|fF} j:t prfNg]
ofofd jf v]n . eff]kd{ gf) [eff kd{] v]tLkftLsf] a]nf Pscsf{df ulg] sfdbfsf] P]Frf]k}F
f] v]tfnf] nfUg] cfnf]kfnf] . eff]kLo lj) [eftof]kLo] x]) eff]kn ] L . ~ kljf gf
kljf . eff]kn ] L lj) [eft]nL of]kn ] L] eft of]k;Fu ;DalGwt eftLo pkdxfLk
] ;femf ;DaGw ePsf] . ~ vnskljf gf) != Pl;of of]ksf Pp6} d"naf6 cfPsf efiffxsf] ;d
. @= To:tf] efiff af]Ng]xsf] ;d"x . efu{j gf) [;+)] != e[u Clifsf j+zdf pTkGg Jol
Qm e[us  f] ;Gtfg . @= zqmfrfo{ . #= hdblUgsf kq kzfd . efuL{ gf) [;+)] a9Ldf b
O{ ld6 cUnf], 7"n7"nf v;|f kft xg], 6Kkf] ;]tf] xg], xfFuf lg:sg] 7fpFdf kmNg
], af6nf kmn kmNg], rf]kaf6 jft skmnfO{ kmfobf xg] Ps jg:klt . efof{ gf) [;+)]
ljjflxtf :qL, cwf{\lugL kTgL >LdtL . ef{e  { lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) e\ ] rfr?
8\g] rfnn] To;L p8\bf zAb lg:sg] uL .

951

efnf{efjgfTds bdfxf a9L uh{g ug]{ bdfxf . ~ kf]yL gf) != k?if :qL efn] kf]yL . @=
n]sf nf]Ug] :jf:gL . #= Ps} kbfy{sf bO{ cjoj eP Pp6fdf k]sf] l5b|df csf]{ sg} cjoj
k;L nfUg] sg} kbfy{ (6fFs, l9d|L O)) . ~ afF; gf) vFlbnf] dl;gf] vfnsf] Ps hftsf]
afF; . ~ dfbn gf) cfjfh s]xL ulxf] df]6f] xg], cln 7"nf] cfsfsf] dfbn k"jL{ dfbn .
~ dfxL gf) sfd guL vfg], sfnf] cln 8Nnf] b]lvg] dfxL 8fOgf] . ~ ;ftf] gf) 8 jf
n] dfG5]sf] xf]; ud xg] cj:yf 7"nf] ;ftf] . ~ ;g gf) sfgsf nf]tLdf nfOg] nfDrf]
rRrf] k]sf] ;gsf] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . efj gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf ljifosf cl:tTjdf
cfpg], xg] jf k|:tt xg] l:ylt jf tj ;Qf cl:tTj . @= lrGtg jf sNkgft\usf qmddf dgdf
pTkGg xg] sg} efj ljrf . #= syg jf n]vgsf] dVo clek|fo cfzo tfTko{ $= b]jtfk|ltsf]
>4f efjgf cf:yf . %= s;}n] sg} ljifodf JofVof jf ;\s]t ubf{ pTkGg xg] dfgl;s k|ltlq
mof . ^= efje\uL xfpefp r]i6f . &= tLg efj :yfoL, JolerfL ;fljsdWo] sg} Ps . *= ;
[To, gf6s cflbdf ljifosf] clek|fo JoQm ugf{sf lglDt :j, g]q, dv cflbsf] cfsf abNg
] sfd . ~ cfdGq0f gf) efjsf] cfjfxg ug]{ jf efjk|:km6g ufpg] sfd . s lj) != efj eP
sf] efjn] oQm . @= ;sf] cgel" t ug{ ;Sg] ;1 . gf) #= efj efjgf . $= ;flxTo, ;\uLt,
nf cflbsf] dd{ 7DofP JofVof ug{ ;Sg] JolQm . %= sljtf, gf6s cflbsf] kf7s jf bz{s
. uDo lj) efjgfff ag ;lsg] hfGg of]Uo . ~ lrq gf) ljz]iftM sg} cfGtls efj JoQm u
Zon] tof ulPsf] lrq . ~ tj gf) != af}l4s kIfeGbf xflb{s kIf k|an xg] tj xflb{s tj .
ljtf;[hgfsf sNkgf, al4, snf efj rf tjdWo] Ps . ~ wftn gf) efjsf] cfwf jf k[i7e"ld
e"ld . efjgf gf) [;+)] != cgej, :d[lt cflbaf6 k}bf xg] dgf]efj dgdf pTkGg xg] sg
} sNkgf, efj jf ljrf . @= Wofg lrGtg . #= sg} b]j jf k"Ho JolQmk|ltsf] >4f cf:yf . $
= k|]d cgfu . %= sg} cf}ifwL cflb csf]{ sg} tn kbfy{df ldnfO{ ;f] tn kbfy{sf] s]xL ;
uGw cf}ifwLdf klg cfpg] uL vndf 3f]6\g] sfd k6 . efj gf6sefj gf6 gf) [;+)] cf\lus cl
goff cy{ tfTko{ JoQm ulg] gf6s efjk|wfg gf6s . efjgfTds lj) [;+)] != efjgf;Fu ;DalGw
efjgfn] oQm efjgfdo . @= ;f]rljrf;Dd ePsf] t sfof{Gjog eO{ g;s]sf] (of]hgf, sfd O)
) . tf gf) efjfTds xgfsf]

efnf{ gf) afN9\f\u|f]sf h:t} 6f6f kf\u|f]eGbf s]xL ;fgf bfgf nfUg], Ps k|sfsf] nxf
sf] kmn . efn gf) [;+)] != lgwf dfy nnf6 . @= k|sfz t]h . #= cGwsf . rGb| gf) lzd
f wf0f ug]{ lzj dxfb]j . nf]rg gf) lgwfdf cfFvf xg] lzj dxfb]j . efnf gf) [;+) eNn
= af0fsf] h:tf] 6Kkf] nfdf] laF8 ePsf], 3f]Rg] Ps xltof a5f{ . @= xnfsLn] cfTdIff
sf lgldQ 6]s] lxF8\g], 6Kkflt efnf ePsf], 3Fuf;d]tsf] Ps nL . efn gf) [;+) eNn"s]
nfdfnfdf ofKn] f}F, sssf] h:tf] dv k|foM sfnf] xg] Ps lx+;|s jGohGt . ~ cfFvf
afF;, dfln\uf], lgufnf] cflbsf] xfFuf knfpg]klsf] efu . ~ sf7 gf) cf7b]lv aL; OGrL;
Dd nfdf rfb]lv gf} OGrL;Dd rf}8f kft xg,] ;]tf] k"mn kmNg], rf5 OGrL 7"nf kmn kmN
g], dxfeft kj{tz[v \ nfdf kfOg] Ps hftsf] ;bfaxf v . sf] sDk6 gf) 5f]8\g klg gxg]
ltxg klg g;lsg] vfnsf] emGem6 grflxFbf] ofpnf] . sf]] lj) efnn] emD6] gfs lryf]]s
flg;) . ufF8 ] ufG6] gf) nfDrf cfsfsf kft xg], kmnleq sbdsf h:t} aLh xg], gf;kftL
sf h:tf 7"n7"nf kmn kmNg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] kmn . lrG8] gf) l;dnsf cfsfsf uf9f xlo
f] sf kft xg], a:tnfO{ 3fF; vjfOg] Ps k|sfsf] lrG8] v . ~ 5]fO gf) glnO{sg k6Ss} g
f]8g \ ] rfn . ~ emD6fO gf) efnn] h:t} PSsfl; emD6g] sfd 8nfUbf] cfqmd0f . ~ g\u ]|
lj) efnsf h:tf tLvf g\uf | ePsf] . ~ afF; gf) 3s6]fsf] c:yfoL vfFaf], 9\u|f] cflb a
gfpg] sfddf k|of]u xg], sfnf] em; 5f]6f5f]6f cfFVnf ePsf], df]6f] alnof] vfnsf
] afF; . eQ ] lj) wf gePsf] af]wf] (xltof) . ~ eTn] lj) efnsf h:tf ofDnf\ k]s
g] hueTn] . ~ kf0f gf) != ukmufkm . @= lgy{s syg . ~ lav gf) Ps hftsf] lavfn jg:k
t . efn] gf) [;+) eNn] != k?if jf nf]Ug] hftsf] sg} k|f0fL db{ hLj . @= ljhoL jf ;
kmn JolQm . #= rf cflbsf] nf]Ug] hft . $= svf] . lj) %= k?ifhfltsf] nf]Ug] hftsf]
(kz, kIfL O)) . ^= s;}nfO{ guGg] jf g6]g]{ ;a} dflysf] ;fF9] . &= efnf lnP hWg] e
fnf lng] efnfwfL . sf] 8fs gf) laxfg ;vf} pHofnf] xgcl3 klxnf] kx svf] af:g]
fFk gf) kmn k"mn gnfUg] rfFkf] . ~ hwfO gf) Pp6f vf] prfn] xftn] ;dftL, Psv] pk|m
F } sdsd dfq hwfO{ v]lng] Ps v]n (sskmfO6) . ~ l6d gf) kmn gnfUg] Ps k|sfsf] l6d
~ bdfxf gf) gf}dtL afhfxdf gufsf cfsfsf bO6f bdfxfdWo] 7"nf]rflxF

efjgfdoefjf]bo efj jf cj:yf . efjgfdo lj) [;+)] != efjgfn] cf]tk|f]t efjgfTds . @=

tn cge"ltn] l;l~rt (sfJo, sljtf O)) . efj kIf gf) [;+)] != sfJo;flxTosf snfkIf ef
jkIfdWo] Ps kIf . @= x[bonfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ sfJotj xflb{stf . efjks lj) [;+)] efjkIf
k|an ePsf] efjd"ns efjfTds . tf gf) efjks xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . efj k|wfg lj) [;+)
!= efjkIfsf] tLj|tf jf k|wfgtf x]sf] . @= afXo j:tkIfeGbf cge"ltkIf k|wfg ePsf
] . tf gf) efjk|wfg xgfsf] efj, u0f jf l:ylt . efj af]ws lj) [;+)] efj aemfpg] e
fj k|s6 ug]{ . efj elQm gf) [;+)] != b]jtf, u? cflbdf elQmsf] efj k|s6 ug]{ sfd e
lQmefj . @= cfb;Tsf ;Ddfg . efj e\uL gf) [;+)] != dgsf efj JoQm ug]{ zfLls r]i6f jf
f . @= efj jf cge"ltsf] k|s6Ls0f efjsf] kf]vfO . efj e"ld gf) [;+)] sfJo, gf6s cfl
bdf kfOg] efjsf] cfwf jf k[i7e"ld . efjdo lj) [;+)] efjoQm efjfTds . tf efjdo xgfs
f] u0f jf l:ylt . efj d"ns lj) [;+)] efj g} d"n kdf x]sf] a];L efjfTds . tf gf) efj
"ns xgfsf] l:ylt jf cj:yf . efjloqL lj) [;+)] efj jf dd{sf] af]w ufpg] . ~ k|ltef
gf) sfJosf] ;f:jfbg ufpg] k|ltef k|ltefsf bO{ e]b sfloqL efjloqLdWo] Ps . efj jfrs
) [;+)] Jofs0fdf sg} sfsf] efj, u0f, wd{ cflb aemfpg] (;+1f, lqmof O)) efjaf]ws . e
fj jfRo gf) Jofs0fdf lqmofsf] ;fIfft\ p2]Zo stf{ jf sd{ geO{ efj cyf{t\ lqmof g} x
g,] tLg k|sfsf jfRost[,{ sd{ efjdWo] Ps . efjjfb gf) [;+)] OlGb|ou|fXo b[Zosf] ;xh
;n lrq0fnfO{ 1fgsf] ;jf]R { r kfog dfGg], lj1fgsf] ;dy{g tj dLdf+;fsf] v08g ug]{ P
bz{g . > efjjfbL lj) efjjfbsf] cg;0f ug]{ efjjfbsf] cgofoL . efj Jo~hs lj) [;+)]
efjkIfsf] cleJo~hgf ug]{ efj JoQm ug]{ . efjzantf gf) [;+)] w]} efjxsf] ;fd"lxs jf z
[v \ nfa4 j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps sfJofn\sf . efjzflGt gf) [;+)] dgdf Ps} rf]l6 gofF k|lt
sn efj pbo xFbf kg]{ Ps sfJofn\sf . efj zl4 gf) [;+)] dgsf] z4 efjgf ;b\efjgf . ef
j z"Go lj) [;+)] sg} sfdgf jf efj gePsf] cgf;Qm . efj ;3gtf gf) [;+)] efjsf] k|uf9tf
efjsf] k|sif{ .
952

efjfsntf gf) [;+)] k|uf9 efjaf6 dgdf xg] 56k6L . efjf8Da gf) [;+)] cgkoQm kdf vf
]qmf] cfj]usf] k|bz{g c;+od b]vfpFbf xg] Ps cf8Da Ps lsl;dsf] pbfQljf]wL tj . > efj
f8DaL lj) efjf8Dadf nfUg] efjf8Dasf] tj ePsf] . efjftLt lj) [;+)] != efj jf sNkgfn]
7Dofpg g;lsg] ;f]rfOeGbf ksf] . @= of]uzf:qsf cg;f efjgfeGbf k x]sf] (tj jf Wofg) .
efjfTds lj) [;+)] efj k|an kdf x]sf] efjd"ns . tf gf) efjfTds xgfsf] l:ylt jf cj:yf
. efjfgs"n lj) [;+)] efjsf] cgsn efj;xfpFbf] . efjfgjfb gf) [;+)] 5fofgjfb, zAb
fgjfb efjfgjfbdWo] Ps efjnfO{ k5fP ulg] cgjfb . efjfef; gf) [;+)] != ;flxTodf cg
oQm 7fpFdf efj b]vfpg] jf ljz4 ;fj:yf k|fKt ug{ g;Sg] sfJobf]ifsf] cj:yf . @= j
]Zof gflosfdf nHhf lgDg >]0fLsf JolQmk|lt elQm b]vfPdf xg] efjljz]ifsf] cfef; .
#= slNkt jf agfj6L efj . efjfy{ gf) [;+)] != zAbzAbnfO{ cYof{pg 5f8] ;Dk"0f{ jfSo
jf cgR5]bsf] cfzo dfq k|s6 ulPsf] cy{ tfTko{af]ws cy{ . efjfj]u gf) [;+)] sg} efjn
] ubf{ xg] cfj]usf] l:ylt efjsf] k|antf . efjfj]z gf) [;+)] sg} efjn] ubf{ pTkGg x
g] cfj]zsf] l:ylt . efljs lj) [;+)] != :jfefljs k|fs[lts . gf) @= efjs dd{1 . #= e
"t jf eljiot\sfnsf] 36gfnfO{ jt{dfgsfnsf] 36gfh:t} j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps cn\sf . eflj
t lj) [;+)] != ljrf/ ul/Psf] 7DofOPsf] . @= ;lDd>0f ePsf] ldnfOPsf] . #= z4 kfl/Ps
f] zf]lwt . $= cGo ; / efjxnfO{ ;d]t k"/s kdf k|of]u ul/Psf] k6 lbOPsf] . %= ;ulGwt
. efjL gf) [;+)] != eljiot\sfn cfpFbf] ;do . @= kl5 uP geO{ gxg] sf] xgx ]g  fdL
#= efUo tslb . lj) $= eljiodf xg] kl5 xg] . ~ sf08 gf) af]6la?jfx a9] cfpFbf hldge
bf dfly xfFuf kmf6];Ddsf] efu . ~ d"n gf) af]6la?jfsf] hldgdlgsf] dVo efu d"nhf] .
efjs lj) [;+)] != dgdf sf]dn efj ;xhl;t ;~rf xg] ;sdf x[bo ePsf] sf]dnlrQ . @= ;x
bo, ;1 . #= fd|f] jf c;n sfsf] ;f]rljrf ug]{ c;n efjgf lng] . tf gf) efjs xgfsf]
jf cj:yf . efjf]R5ng gf) [;+)] efjsf] pR5ng efjflt]s . efjf]bo gf) [;+)] ;Gble{t efj
sf] ;dflKtkl5 rdTsfk"0f{

953

efjf]2Lksefjf]bs ]| ef:jtL eflifsf gf) [;+)] sg} Ps eflifs ;dbfoleq Wjlg, pRrf0f ;+
fut If]qLo lje]bsf cfwfdf b]lvg] e]bpke]b sg} klg efiffsf] If]qLo e]b . eflift lj) [
;+)] != elgPsf] slyt . gf) @= egfO af]nL . efifL lj) [;+)] != sg} zAbsf] kl5lNt ufFl;
P af]Ng], eGg] cy{ aemfpg] pQkb (h:t} g]kfnLefifL r]kfefifL, s6efifL, d[be  fifL O
)) . @= af]Ng] jStf . efio gf) [;+)] != ;"q jf d"n u|Gysf cfwfdf ulPsf] JofVof ljj[lt
ljj0f . @= 6Lsf JofVof . lj) #= eGg jf af]Ng of]Uo . sf gf) efiosf] rgf ug]{ JofVof
Lsfn]vs . ef;\g! ;) lqm) [;+) e|z + g] hUufhldgsf] df6f] lems] ulxf] kfg{ ulxofp
6f] kfg{ . ef;\g@ c) lqm) [;+) ef;\ g] != sg} efjgf :km0f xg dgdf pAhg . @= 1fg
xg af]w xg . #= k|tLt xg efg xg . ef;! gf) [;+) e|+z] != efl;g] vfnsf] kms
f] jf vsnf] 7fpF ufl8g] 7fpF . @= l;d;f l;d . #= wfk bnbn . ef;@ gf) [;+)] != k|sfz
lKt ls0f . @= sflnbf;eGbf klxn]sf Ps k|l;4 ;+:s[tsf gf6ssf . #= ;]tf] Ps hftsf] lu4
kIfL . $= OR5f . ef;e; lqm) lj) [;+) e:d e;] != sg} sfdsf] To;} lanfP jf xfP kmf
@= PSsfl; lgEg] uL . > ef;e; ] lj) gu0o ;fwf0f rfgrg] . ef;dfg lj) [;+)] != pHHjn
sfzdfg . @= yfxf kfOPsf] lj1ft . gf) #= ;"o{ . efl;t lj) [;+)] != ljrf jf sNkgfdf k
m]sf] . @= rlDsnf] k|sfzdfg . efl;g c) lqm) [ef;\ O g] != hldgsf] ;tx cem} tnlt blag
ufl8g . @= lxnf], wfk, vf8L cflbdf 8Ag u8\g . #= ktg xg pFwf] nfUg . $= ef:
g] xf]Og . %= ljb]z k:g . ef;] lj) [;+) efiff P] efiff;DaGwL efiff af]Ng] (bf] sf ;f
y ;Lldt, h:tf] bf]ef;]) . ef;]e;  ] lj) [ef;e; P] ljz]if k|sfsf] gdflgg] rfgrg] ef
] . ef:s gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ . @= afx|f}F ztfAbLsf cGtdf hGd]sf Hof]ltifzf:qsf Ps k|
sf08 cfrfo{ ef:sfrfo{ . #= clUg . $= jL . %= ;j0f{ . ^= cfFssf] af]6 . &= dxfb]j .
ef:so{ gf) [;+)] wft, kTy cflbsf] d"lt{ agfpg] snf d"lt{snf . ef:jt\ lj) [;+)] !=
rxlsnf] pHHjn, bLlKtdfg\ . gf) @= ;"o{ . #= rds bLlKt . ef:jtL gf) Hof]ltifljifos u
|Gy (lj)=;+) !$%& lt cgjfb

9\un] csf]{ efjsf] pbo ePsf] j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n\sf . efjf]2Lksefjf]bs ]| lj) [
;+)] efjxnfO{ pTkGg ;lqmo ] s efjf]Tkfbs . ufpg] (tj) efjf]Qh efJo lj) [;+)] != kl5
g] efjL . @= efjgf ug{ nfos ljrf0fLo . efif0f gf) [;+)] != cfd;ef jf o:t} cGo hd36df
sg} ljifosf af]df ;lj:tf ulg] JofVofg jStJo k|jrg . @= aftlrt 5nkmn sfsfgL . ~ s
, uf]i7L, hd36 cflbdf sg} ljifodf wffk|jfx jQmJo lbg] szntf jf lzNk JofVofglzNk . ~ :
jtGqtf gf) ljz]iftM fhgLlts, wfld{s, ;fdflhs cflb ljifodf ;j{;fwf0fsf cufl8 cfgf] dg
sf] ljrf k|s6 ug{ fHo jf ;sfaf6 k|fKt xg] :jtGqtf jfs\:jtGqtf . efiff gf) [;+)] != d
sf efj of ljrf c5]p k|s6 ug]{ ;fy{s zAb jf jfSoxsf] ;d"x cfzo jf efj JoQm ug]{ ;fy{s
Wjlg;d"x jf0fL af]nL . @= JolQmljz]ifn] n]Vg] af]Ng] 9\u z}nL . #= sg} b]zsf afl;Gb
n] af]nrfn ug]{ ;flxTooQm k|rlnt zAbfjnL . $= jfUb]jL ;:jtL . %= jf0fLsf rf k kf, kZ
GtL, dWodf j}vL . ^= klefiff nIf0f . &= sfsfgL aftlrt . ut lj) efiff;Fu ;DalGwt
. ~ tj gf) efiffsf Wjlg, cy{, k cflb cfjZos tj efifflj1fg . ~ tfljs lj) efifftj;Fu
Gwt efifftjsf] . ~ kftj gf) efiffsf ;xfotfn] To; efiffsf jStfxsf] k|frLg Oltxf;df k|
fz kfg]{ ljifo . > efiffgjfb gf) sg} Ps efiffaf6 csf]{ efiffdf ulg] cgjfb . efiff
Gt/ gf) != Ps efiffaf6 csf]{ efiffdf ul/g] cgjfb efiffgjfb . @= csf]{ efiff k[ys\
efiff . ~ lj1fg gf) efiffsf] pTklQ, ljsf;, kljf, ;+rgf, kljt{g cflbnfO{ ;"Id lsl;dn]
cWoog ulg] zf:q efiffzf:q . ljb\ lj) sg} efiff jf efiffsf] ;}4flGts 1fgsf af]df ulx
cWoog ePsf] (JolQm) efiffljz]if1 . ~ ljz]if1 lj) != efiffsf] af]df ulxf] 1fg ePsf] e
fiffsf] ljleGg kIfLo cWoogdf lgk0f efiffljb\ . @= ljleGg efiffxsf] 1ftf . j]Qf lj)
efiffljb\ . ~ zf:q gf) efifflj1fg . ;d gf) Pp6} jfSodf Ps} cy{ aemfpg] ljleGg ef
iffsf zAbxsf] of]hgf ubf{ xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . ~ ;Dkfbg gf) lnlvt cleJolQmsf] lxHh], j
fSou7g tyf k|:ttLs0f ldn]gldn]sf] x]L jf sf65fF6 uL k|sfzgof]Uo agfpg] sfd . eflif
s lj) [;+)] efiff;DaGwL efiffdf kfOg] efiffsf] . ~ ;dbfo gf) sg} Ps efiff af]Ng] dfG
5]xsf] ;dfh ;dfg efiff af]Ng] dfgj;dfh .

ef:j/le8 ulPsf] g]kfnLsf] ;j{k|frLg u|Gy) . ef:j lj) [;+)] != rxlsnf] rlDsnf] bLlKtdf
\ . gf) @= ;"o{ . #= lbg . leFuj  f gf) Ps hftsf] rf]ljz]if . leF8f gf) [;+) le08f
] eG6f . > leF8L gf) != fdtf]lofF . @= ;fgf] Ps hftsf] eG6f . leF8 ] lj) [leF8f P] leF
8fh:tf] leF8fsf 5fF6sf] . ~ vf];f{gL gf) tsfLdf xfn] jf crf agfP vfOg] 8Nnf] 7"nf]
ftsf] v;f{gL EofG6] v;f{gL . lepF6 gf) [g]jf) e]u] af6fsf cfsfsf] 7"nf] la6 xg]
df6fsf] 7"nf] efF8f] Eo"F6 . > lepF6 ] lj) lepF6h:tf] 7"nf] cfsf gldn]sf] g;xfpFbf]
(ufnf, cgxf, cf]7 O)) . lepFl;g] lj) [;+) eLd;]g P] eLd;]gnfO{ ck]{sf] (af]sf]) .
~ af]sf] gf) != eLd;]gnfO{ ck{0f ulPsf] 5f8f af]sf] . @= of}gcgzf;g kfng gug]{ Jo
lQm sfds k?if . lepl;gf gf) != dfgl;s lt;{gf dgsf] ts{gf dfgl;s ;+j]u . @= ;Demgf
. les gf) [eLv < ;+) leIff] eLv leIff . d\uf lj) eLs dfUg] eLvd\uf . leIf0f gf) [;
eIff dfUg] sfd b}nfb}nfdf ku] l;wf a6Ng] sfd . leIff gf) [;+)] != leIfsxn] dfUg] s
fd ofrgf . @= dfUg]nfO{ lbOg] cGg, b|Jo cflb eLv . ~ rof{ gf) leIff dfu] hLljsf rnfp
g] sfd . hLjL lj) dfu]sf] cGg, b|Jo cflbsf edf hLjglgjf{x ug]{ duGt] ofrs eLvd\uf .
leIff6g gf) leIff dfUgsf lglDt 33 rxfg]{ leIff a6Ng] sfd . ~ bfg gf) leIff lbg] sfd
;wfbfg . leIffGg gf) eLv dfu] k|fKt u]sf] cGg leIffaf6 ;\slnt cGg . ~ kfq gf) != eLv
fUg] efF8f] leIffaf6 k|fKt cGg fVg] efF8f] . lj) @= leIff lbg of]Uo leIff lbgkg]{
. ~ efhg gf) leIff dfUg] efF8f] leIffkfq . leIffyL{ lj) leIfs leIf levfL . ~ j[lQ
!= leIff dfu] hLljsf rnfpg] k] ; f . @= leIffff ulg] ef]hgJoj:yf dfluvfg] rng . leI
ffzL lj) leIffff k|fKt j:t dfq vfg] leIffff hLljsf ug]{ . leIf gf) [;+)] != leIff
g] JolQm leIfs levfL . @= af}4 ;GGof;L . #= ;GGof;L . lj) $= leIff dfUg] . leIfs g
f) [;+)] != ;GGof;L ;fw hf]uL . lj) @= leIff dfUg] levfL . #= ula lgw{g . leIfrof{
) [;+)] != leIfssf] b}lgs hLjgj[lQ leIffj[lQ . @= leIfsn] kfng ug{kg]{ cfr0f .
leIf0fL gf) [;+)] ;GGof;wd{ u|x0f u]sL :qL :qLleIf . leIf ; \ 3 gf) [ ;+ ) ] != l
eIf s xsf] ;d" x . @=
954

af}4leIfsxsf] ;dbfo . leS; gf) [c\)] 6fpsf], 3fF6L bVbf ;bL{ nfUbf 3;] dfln; ulg]
Ps k|sf/sf] dnd . lev gf) [;+) leIff] hf]uL jf dfUg]nfO{ lbOg] cGg, b|Jo, l;wf cf
lb j:t leIff eLs . d\uf lj) != eLv jf leIff dfUg] dfu] hLljsf ug]{ levfL duGt]
gePsf] kmlg s\ufn lgw{g tGgd . levfL lj) [eLv cfxfL] eLv dfu] vfg] leIffsf ed
. leR5] gf) [;+) leIff] != leIff, eLv . @= j|taGwdf cfdfafa cGo s6DaLxn] j6nfO{
lbg] cGg cflb . leh\g c) lqm) [;+) cledHh > leHh g] != sg} tn kbfy{n] cfb|{ xg lgy
Ss xg ?Hg . @= kfgLdf k] cGg cflb kmNg 9fl8g . #= sg} sfddf tGdo eP nfUg bQl
xg . $= sg} ljifoaf] kf]Vt xg kf\ut xg . > lehfO gf) leHg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
. lehfOg s) lqm) leHg] kflg leHg nfOg . lehfpg k|) ] lqm) != cGg cflb kfgLdf fv]
kmnfpg 98fpg . @= kfgL cflb tn kbfy{n] t kfg{ lgy|Ss tNofpg . lelhl6 sf8{ gf)
)] e]63f6sf] ;lhnfsf lglDt jf klrosf] ;Demgf lbnfpg gfd, y, 7]ufgf cflb 5flkPsf] s
futsf] ;fgf] bf] 6qmf] lrgfLkq . lelhg s)lqm) [leh\ O g] tn kbfy{n] lgy|S  s xf]Og
emg . le6f gf) [;+) leQ] != kfgLn] g9fSg], tfO{sf] s]xL pRrf k]sf] 7fpF 338]Lsf lgl
pkoQm kfvf]afL . @= wfgv]tL gnfUg] ds}, e6df;, ;g cflb kfvf afnL xg] ;dy hUuf .
le6fldg gf) [c\)] kf]if0ftj . le6f]! gf) [c\)] ljz]ifflwsf . le6f]@ gf) [ leQf]] v]
flbdf nufOg] df6fsf] l8n jf rkLsf] kvf{n . le6f}L gf) [le6f cf}L] ;xahfsf 338]Ldf n
s . le8\g c) lqm) [k|f) le8 g] != k:kdf n8Gt xg yfNg d7e]8 xg 6sfpg . @= hf
Ng e]l6g . #= ?h" ulg . $= bfFlhg . %= f]xadf flvg . ^= hah:tL lhDdf nfUg . ;)
qm) &= dsflanf ug{ ;fdgf ug{ hWg . le8 gf) [k|f)] != w]} dfG5]sf] hd36af6 xg]
3rff] 3OFrf] 3GrdGr . @= 7"nf] ayfg x"n kmf}h . #= sfdsf] rfkfrfk sfdsf] lyrf]ldrf]
ef8 gf) != x"nd"n 7]nd7]n xNnf . @= 3rff] 3OFrf] .

955

le8GtleGg kg{ . lelqof lj) [leq Oof] != dg ldn]sf] ekTofP ePsf] ljZj:t . @= leqsf]
. gf) #= sg} 3kljfsf] cfTdLo JolQm . leqL lj) [leq O{] != leqklsf] leqsf] cfGtls .
f gcfPsf] uKt . gf) #= nufkmf6fsf] leqklsf] kq leqL tx . ~ vNtL gf) sf]6, kfOG6 cf
lb nufdf leqkl flvPsf] uf]hL leqL uf]hL . ~ 5fnf gf) hQfsf] ;fdfsf] leqkl sk8fsf] ;
flvg] kftnf] lsl;dsf] 5fnf . ~ tnjf gf) hQfsf] leqklsf] tnjf (Og;f]n) . ~ aff gf)
3sf] aflxL rf}3]fb]lv leqkl nufOPsf] 3]f . ~ afL gf) 3sf] s];fafL sf]7]afL xf
. ~ dw]; gf) dxfeft kj{tdfnfsf km]bLb]lv tn r] kxf8sf km]bLb]lv dfly kg]{ ;dy e"ef
u . ~ ;Grf] lj) != cGt:s0fn] ;f]r]h:tf] dgn] lrtfPh:tf] . gf) @= ;Grf] jf kmfObf x
g] sfdsf] . lqm) lj) #= cnfO{ yfxf glbO{sg ukrk 9\un] . leq]gL gf) [leq PgL] vf}6
lelqgL . leofF; gf) [leqL c+z] zLdf x]sf] sn]hf], kmf]S;f], d6, cfGb|f] cflb cjoj .
eofO gf) [ lelq ( ofO)] != lelqg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [leofp cfO] @= leofpg] efj,
of jf k|lqmof . [ > ] leofOg s) lqm) leq xlng . leofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != leq x
Ng k|jz ] ufpg k;fNg . @= leq fVg yGSofpg . legf gf) [k|f) e}gLjO{ < ;+) elugLk
t] != lbbLsf >Ldfg\ lbbLsf] nf]Ug] legfHo" . @= k|]dL (nfIfl0fs cy{df) . > legfh g
f) != legfHo" . @= leg . legfHo" gf) [legf Ho"] lbbLsf nf]Ug] elugLklt legf . leg gf
) [;+) cEoGt] gf;kftL, Hofld, lgajf, bfld, s6x cflb kmnsf] e]6\gb]lv ;? eO{ gfO6f
];Dd uPsf] 8fFSn] uef] legfh . lelGbkfn gf) [;+)] xftn] ofFs ] k|xf ulg] 5f]6f] 8G8
h:tf] Ps xltof . leGg lj) [;+)] != 5lPsf] cnu k[ys\ 5f . @= cfk"m cfk"mb]lv aflx
]{ bf];|f] cGoqL kfO{ . #= 66]sf] vl08t . gf) $= ul0ftdf k"0ff{\seGbf Go"g ;\Vof c
feGbf dfly xg] ;\Vof) jf x (]vfdlg xg] ;\Vof) . tf gf) leGg xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf
So . bzL{ lj) kgkIf ug]{ :jefjsf] kIfkftL . ~ b]zLo lj) != cs}{ b]zsf] ljb]zL . @= c
sf]{ If]qsf] kb]zL . > leGgfleGg} lj) 5f5} cnucnu a]Unfa]Un} . leGgfy{ lj) != leG
Zo jf lgot ePsf] . @= cnucnu

le8Gt gf) k:kdf n8\g] le8\g] sfd k:ksf] ;\3if{ . le8fO gf) != le8\g] efj, lqmof j
of . @= le8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . le8fOg s) lqm) hwfOg . le8fpg ;) lqm)
!= bO{ yLnfO{ ;fy} fvL bfFHg tngf ug{ . @= f]xa ug{ f]xadf fVg . k|]) lqm) #
ufpg hwfpg . $= d7e]8 ufpg . %= hah:tL lhDdf nufpg 6fF;f] nufpg . le8f gf) !=
3rff] 3OFrf] . @= emf]ememd]nf emGem6 . #= c;lhnf]kg tslnkm . lel8cf] gf) [c\)] ;f}l
gxn] 33df fv] klg x]g{ ;Sg], ;fgf] vfnsf] rnlrq sf]7l] ;g]df . lel8g s) lqm) [le8\
e8\g] sfd ulg . le08L gf) [;+)] fdtf]lofF . lelQlelQsf gf) [;+)] != uff] leQf] . @
fwf:yn k[i7e"ld . #= lrf] wfFhf] . $= v08 6qmf] . lrq gf) leQfdf n]lvPsf jf sFlbP
jb]jL cflbsf lrq leQfd} agfOPsf] tl:a . leQ] gf) [leQf] P] != hLp 5f]6f] xg,] ;fgf]
Ps hftsf] df5f . lj) @= leQfsf] leQfdf emG8fOPsf] . ~ 38L gf) leQfdf emG8\ofOg] 3
8L . ~ rf] gf) xNsf kx]n F f] sf eTnf xg] sfnfsfnf w;f{ xg], ftf] kv]6f, ;fgf] nfd
f] rRrf] xg], vdf tnaf6 dfly hfFbf ;f]em} p8\g ;Sg] ?kLh:tf] rf] . ~ tflnsf gf) ]v
f\sg jf lrqf\sgff vf; sf ;DemfOPsf], leQfdf 6fFl;Psf] tflnsf . ~ bfh gf) leQfdf 6fF
fOPsf] ue]{ bfh leQ}df 6fFl;Psf] bfh . ~ kfqf] gf) leQfdf emG8fOg] kfqf] Sofn]G8 .
f] gf) [;+) leQ] != kvf{n, uff] cflbsf] kfvf] . @= kxf8sf] km]bL kj{tsf] sfv . #= l
gZro 6\uf] lgwf] . $= xb ;Ldf . nufO gf) 6u \ f] kUg] sfd clGtd ;Ldf kNnf] kmf
mf]g { c) lqm) rf]g{ . leq lqm)lj) [;+) cEoGt] != 3, kvf{n, 3]f, afs;, kllw cflbsf]
ue{df cGt v08df aflxsf] pN6f]lt . @= dof{bf, kldf0f cflbsf] ;Ldflg . gf) of]) #= aLr
m dWo . gf) $= dg x[bo lbn cEoGt . %= hgfgfvfgf vf]kL cGtMk . > leqg c) lqm) leq
q kUg l5g{ 3:g k|jz ] ug{ lelqg . leqfO gf) leqg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof leofO
lelqgL gf) [leq OgL] uKt kn] flvPsL :jf:gL vf}6L NofOtf leq]gL . klsf] lj) lelq
sf] (;Gtfg) . lelqg c) lqm) [leq O g] != leq hfg k|jz ] ug{ k:g 3:g l5g{ . @=
f, afwf, Jojwfg, lgod cflbsf 3]fdf

leGgeLd]Zj cy{ ePsf] 5} tfTko{ ePsf] . gf) #= cnu cy{ 5} cy{ . leGg gf) [;+) leG
!= ;uf]naf6 5lP a]Un} a:g] sfd c+z nfu] jf dfg 5lP rnf]rf}sf], cfDbfgLvr{ cf cf
g] Jojxf jf l:ylt . lj) @= To;L a;]sf] a]Un} cnu 56 leGg . ledn\g c) lqm) [ledn
f]; xg cr]t kg{ . ledn lj) [;+) ljXjn] != sxflnPsf] cfsn . @= cr]tg cj:yfsf] cr]t
]xf]; . gf) #= sxflng] jf lar]t xg] l:ylt cfsntf . > lednfO gf) ledNg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . lednfpg c) lqm) lar]t xg vf]Hg sxflng . ledlng c) lqm) cr]t xf]Og
 . ledNofO gf) ledlng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ledNofOg s) lqm) ledlng] kflg . l
edNofpg k|) ] lqm) ledlng] kfg{ . leofO gf) [ leofp ( cfO)] leofpg] efj, lqmof jf k
|lqmof . [ > ] leofOg s) lqm) k"f ulg ;lsg . leofpg ;) lqm) x]) Eofpg . le\g
m) != vsL, taf, aGbs, vsg, 38L cflb ;fdfg zLdf wf0f ug{ ;hfpg cNemfpg l;plg
sf] nuf, kf];fs cflb klxg . #= sg} sfdsf] clgR5fk"js { l:jsfg{ . le gf) 7f8f] Ps
sfnf] k]sf] 7fpF kxf] . ~ uf}F8L gf) ds}sf h:tf kft af]6 xg], ;]tf bfgf kmNg] Ps h
tsf] af]6 jghg]nf] . ~ uf}FynL gf) eLdf uF8 nufP a:g] Ps hftsf] uf}FynL 3uf}FynLeGb
leGg uf}y F nL . le/\uL gf) x]) lel/\uL . le/ dfxLdf}L gf) vsf 6f]8s \ fdf jf eL
] s]xL s8f gzfn dx nufpg] Ps hftsf] dfxL . lefO gf) [ le\ ( cfO)] leg]{ efj, lqm
k|lqmof . [ > ] lefOg s) lqm) 6fF;f] nfOg leg{ nfOg . lefpg k|]) lqm) != dggk]sf
sfdsf] jf a]sDdf j:t s;}sf lhDdf nfpg 6fF;f] nfpg le8fpg . @= leg{ nfpg wf0f u
. lefnf] gf) [eL cfnf]] != eL k]sf] 7fpF cf]fnf] bD:ofOnf] kfvf] . lj) @= eL k]s
l\uL gf) Qmljsfn] hgg]lGb|odf vl6f cfpg] Ps ;\qmfds f]u udL{vl6f] le\u le?\u
gf, nfDrf 6Kkfdf s]fsf h:tf] kft xg, ] km;|fkm;|f sf 8fF7df k"mn kmNg], ;k{n]
6f]s]sf]df cf}ifwL dflgPsf] Ps emf . lelg s) lqm) [le\ O g] != clgR5fn] sg} j:t lhD
lnOg . @= vsL, taf cflb wf0f ulg .
956

le?\uL gf) [ lel\uL] lel\uL le\uL . lesf}{n]lesf}{nf] gf) nfDrf lsgffdf ;]

Drf lrKnf kmn kmNg], hg]nf]h:tf] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . leuf}{n] gf) ux8
jfsf] v . ] kf]sf] lasf]{ legL{ gf) [le\ gL] snd leg{sf nflu c\s; uf]hLdf cNemfpg]
mG8f] ePsf], lasf]{;lxtsf] snd . leNn gf) [;+)] eftsf] fh:yfg ljGWokj{t If]qdf kfOg
] kfgf] Ps cgfo{ hflt s;G8f] . leifs\ gf) [;+)] cf}ifwLpkrf ug]{ JolQm lrlsT;s j}B
le;f gf) [c\)] ljb]zdf hfgsf lglDt ;DalGwt b]zsf clwsfLff xg], kf;kf]6{sf] k|df0fLs0
jf k[i7f\sg k|j]zf1f . eLs gf) x]) les . eLv gf) x]) lev . eL8 gf) x]) le8 . ef8 g
x]) le8ef8 . > eL8f gf) x]) le8f . eLt lj) [;+)] ctflnPsf] 8fPsf] t;]{sf] q:t . eLlt
) != 8 eo ctfNofO . @= sDk sDkg . eLd lj) [;+)] != 8nfUbf] eofgs eo\s . gf) @= eL
lzj . sdf{ lj) != 8nfUbf] ;fx;k"0f{ sfd ug]{ hf]lvdL sfd ug]{ . @= dxfkfqmdL . s
j) 7"nf] hLp ePsf] ljzfnsfo . ~ dNn gf) dNnsfndf sflGtksf fhf k|tfk dNnsf Ps of]4f
dGqL tyf Nxf;fdf g]kfnsf] 7"nf] Jofkf rnfpg], kl5 zqxsf] k]rn] xTof ulPsf Ps k|l;4
JolQm . jfg gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f dfgjh:tf] b]lvg] 8nfUbf] hLj 8nfUbf] jfg jf jfgu0
ulNnf;d"xsf] cflbdfgj . eLd;]g gf) [;+)] dxfeftdf k|l;4 olwli7sf dflxnf efO tyf k~
rkf08jdWo] Ps kf08sf ltLo kq . ~ yfkf gf) g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df lj) ;+) !*^!b]lv #$ ji
f{ k|wfgdGqL eP sfo{ef ;FefNg] Ps k|l;4 efbf ;gwff, wxf cflbsf] lgdf{0f ufpg] Jol
tL gf) != l;dfnLsf h:t} nfDrf km;|f sf kft xg], 3f]ufh:tf emKkfdf dl;gf k"mn km
Ng], ufO{afv|fn] 3fF; vfg] Ps af]6 jf a6f] . @= k"mnsf kdf ;d]t lnO{ b]jtfnfO{ r
9fOg] To;}sf] kft . ~ eft gf) k:ksf] 7"nf] 8fsf] rsf]{ em}emu8f . ~ efu gf) ;a}eGbf
f] efu . eLd;]gL lj) [eLd;]g O{] != eLd;]gl;t ;DalGwt eLd;]gsf] h:tf] . @= c;n pDbf .
~ sk" gf) sk"sf ljleGg k|sfdWo] Ps lsl;dsf] c;n sk" . eLd]Zj gf) [;+)] g]kfn clwfH
bf]nvf lhNnfsf] bf]nvf ahfb]lv k"j{ltsf] dflyNnf] efudf x]sf k|l;4

957

eL/es\g p8\bf zAb cfpg] uL kv]6f km6\sf] . @= afaf ckfgjfo 5f]8\bf zAb cfpg] u
oF lqm) lj) [c) d") eO F oF] Ps} v]kdf tLvf] kn] egegfP eGg . eO { gf) [;+) e"l
!= :yfj, h\ud cl8g] cfwf k[YjLsf] ;tx eO{F hldg . @= la5f}gf gxfn]sf] vfnL 7fpF gf
vfnL hldg . #= sk8f, sfut cflbdf af jf cIf gePsf] 7fpF k[i7e"ld . ~ cdnf gf) aflx e
m; ePsf kfgLbf dl;gf kmn kmNg], cdnfsf h:t} dl;gf kft xg] Ps emf kfgLcdnf . ~ cfd}
gf) wtL{dftf . ~ P]; F n ]  gf) dl;gf kft xg] eO{Femfdf P]F;]n h:t} bfgf kmNg
] kfStf ftf vfFbf ulnof] xg] kmn eO{Fsfkmn . ~ s6x gf) s]Qs]sf h:tf kft xg], s
sf] a\ufsf] cfsfdf k;fP sfF8]bf kmn nfUg] kfs]kl5 tf5] vfFbf ulnof] :jfb xg] Ps l
l;dsf] af:gfbf l;nf] kmn cgf; . ~ sfkmn gf) P]F;]nsf h:t} t dl;gf kft xg] eO{+emf
kmNg] sfkmnh:tf] ftf] Ps lsl;dsf] kmn . ~ sleG8f] gf) ss{nfsf] h:t} kft xg], nxfs
f] km]bdf km;|f] sf] kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] kmn e"ldsidf08 labfLsGb . ~ v ] lj) != e
{ f 7Ss vfFb} pk|mLpk|mL lxF8g \ ] pk|mb F } bf}8g] . @= u8lng] u8Ns] bf}8g] . ~
rDkf gf) != n;gsf h:tf kft / k|foM ftf] k"mn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] k"mn . @=
/ftf] /sf] k"mn kmNg] Ps sGb . #= k8\lsFbf ljleGg /\usf lemNsf lg:sg] Ps lsl;dsf
] cft;afhL k6fsf . ~ r/L gf) eO F{ eOd F{ f lxF8g \ ] ;fgf]vfn] h/]nL eO{Fh/]nL
. rfnf] gf) e}Frfnf] e"sDk . ~ hn ] L gf) e{OF jf sfGnfdf uF8 nufP arf xsf{pg]
nL rfsf] Ps hft eO{FrL . ~ emf gf) eOd F{ f 6fFl:;P km}lnO{ a9\g] emf jf 3fF; (ba
aG;f], lrq], sf}t] O)) . ~ tnf] gf) 3, uf]bfd, a\unf cflbsf] hldg;txsf] tnf] . ~ kf
On6 gf) 8fOe . kmfkmf lj) != eOF kmf] ] lg:sg] hldg km6fP aflx 6;fpg] . @
eO{ aLhaf6 pd|g] (af]6, lj?jf O)) . #= sg} cfkmGt jf gftfbf gePsf] (JolQm) . $= sg}
:jfefljs qmdljgf ;x;f k}bf ePsf] (JolQm) . %= u?af6 dGq glnO{ :jtM:k"mt{ dGqn]
gfd sdfPsf] (wfdL, emfFqmL O)) . df g efF8fdf 6) d}dQf otf g ptfsf] l:ylt . ecf
] gf) != k;] cf}F;Lsf ftdf :qLk?ifff gfrufg u] dgfOg] Ps rf8 . @= k|frLg sfnsf nf]
6\odf k|of]u xg] uLtsf] gfd . es \ g ;) lqm) [k|f) eSs g] ckllrt JolQmnfO{ b]v] j
f cGo sg} sf0fn] ss sfpg eses zAb ug{ 3Sg .

eLd;]g . eL gf) x]) le/ . eL? lj) [;+)] != 8fpg] :jefjsf] 85]?jf 8kf]s . gf) @= 8F8
]lv kR5;Dd nfdf kv]6f knfPsf] Ps hftsf] df5f afd df5fh:tf] 7"nf] hftsf] df5f . tf
gf) eL? xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf 85]?jfkg . eLif0f lj) [;+)] != 8nfUbf] eo\s eofjx . gf
sfJosf] eofgs ; . #= lzj . tf gf) eLif0f xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf eo\stf . eLid lj) [;+
!= eofgs eo\s . gf) @= dxfeftk|l;4, afna|XdrfL Ps u\ufkq eLidlktfdx b]jj|t . ~ k~r
sflQ{s zSnkIfsf] PsfbzLb]lv k"l0f{df;Ddsf kfFr lbg . ~ lktfdx gf) u\ufsf ue{af6 p
TkGg, fhf zGtgsf Ps 5f]f eLid b]jj|t . ~ k|lt1f gf) != sfG5L cfdf ;TojtLsf ;GtfgnfO{
dfq fHosf] pQflwsfL ufpg cfhLjg ljjfx gug]{, eLidsf] s7f] k|lt1f . @= To:t} sl7g sfd
ug]{ san s7f] k|lt1f . e F gf) [c) d")] != eFjf], df}L, cl\ufn cflb sfpFb} p8\bf
g] cfjfh . @= z\v, txL cflb kms] ahfpFbf lg:sg] cfjfh . e F lqm) lj) edf, dfxL
b nuftf sfPsf] zAb cfpg] uL . e8 F L! gf) kf;f v]Ng] ysL{sf] rf} kNnfsf k5fsf] aLrs
] sf]7f . e8 F L@ gf) [;+) e|"0f] != 5ftL sdsf] aLrdf x]sf], vfPsf] cGgkft kfrg ug
]{ zfLls c\u k]6 pb . @= vfPsf] cGg xg] leqL cfGb|] y}nL . ~ kmf] gf) nfdf nfdf v
r R rf] x g ] , hnfzosf glhs a:g] rf;d"xsf] k|f0fL Ps hftsf] ;f; . jfn lj) 7"nf]
g;xfpFbf] e8 F L ePsf] e8 F ] . ~ eg { 6) k};f sdfpg . e8 F N  s] lj) [eF8
Nsf] P] != eF8Nsf]h:tf] cfsfsf] 8Nnf] 3}F6] . @= k8\s] UofFr] . e8 F N  sf] gf)
eF8L] != ;fgf] eF8\sf] ;fgf] 3}F6f] slng . e8 F ] lj) [eF8L P] != 7"nf] eF8L ePs
f] eF8Ljfn nfb|] . @= k|z:t vfg ;Sg] w]} vfg] . e8 F s \ f] gf) [ e8 F Nsf]] df6fs
] ;fgf] nf]6fh:tf] efF8f] ;fgf] 3}F6f] . eo F f gf) [;+) e"ldkfn] cfgf] Onfsfsf] Ifs
sf kdf dfg] aln cflbff k"hf ulg] b]jtf eOofF . ej F L gf) [edL] != kfgL, xfjf c
L3dL ag]sf] rqmfsf 7fpF kfgL jf xfjfsf] rSs hnfjt{ . @= zLsf f}F 3ld|P knfPsf] 7f
To;L k]sf] rqm . ej F f] gf) [;+) e|d] ejFf] e|d . eOe F O  F lqm) lj) [c) d")
l))] != edf, dfxL cflb

eseseRrs eses lqm) lj) [c) d") es \ c (l))] != sssf esfOsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL
d8\sL cflbn] k|foM sdnf j:tdf s6\tf cfjfh lg:sg] rfn;Fu . #= lrpf s6\tf zAb lg:s]
em}F uL . > esestL lqm) lj) To:tf zAb jf cfjfh wdfwd cfpg] uL . eselsg c) lqm)
!= eses xg . @= eseSofOdf kg{ clncln sl6g . esesL lqm) lj) esestL . es
es ] lj) [eses P] != afSnf], km;|f] eSs kmn]sf] (f]6L cflb) . @= ldld] lem;ld;
#= ldld] ltld] . gf) $= eses xfGg] f]u jfouf]nf . ~ pHofnf] gf) eO{Fdf v:gv:g
f] pHofnf] . ~ f]6L gf) cfufdf ;]sfpFbf prflnP kmn]sf] afSnf] km;|f] f]6L . ~ ;fFe
m gf) a]ns  fsf] lbof] afNg] j]nf ;GWofsfn . eseSofO gf) [ eseSofp ( cfO)] eseS
ofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] eseSofOg s) lqm) eses kflg . eseSofpg ;) lqm
) [eses ofp g] eses kfg{ eses kfb}{ s6\g . esfO gf) [ es\ ( cfO)] eSg] efj,
mof jf k|lqmof . [esfp cfO] @= esfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] esfpg k|])
lqm) eSg nfpg . elsg c) lqm) != w]} wfs nfP af]lng . @= ss sfOg . esN  n lq
) [c) d") esn n] k|foM afnssf] ufnf, uxFsf kL7fsf] km;|f] f]6L cflb pS;g] jf kmN
g] uL eSs . > esN  n] lj) esNn k]sf] yfdyd esNn] . esN  nf] gf) yfdyd
f] j:t . eSs lqm) lj) [c) d") es \ s] != sg} j:t pS;g], kmNg] jf ;lGgg] uL eSn
Ss . @= d8\sL cflbn] sdnf j:tdf la:tf} xfGbf zAb cfpg] rfn;Fu . #= ss eSg] jf e
s]sf] zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] . eQmg ;) lqm) [;+) eQm g] != elQmg . @= ;vbMv ;x] cg
ej ug{ . eQm lj) [;+)] != ef]u ul;s]sf] ef]u]sf] pkeQm . @= vfPsf] . #= bMv;v
;a} ;x]sf] . ~ ef]u lj) != ef]u ul;s]sf] cgej ul;s]sf] . @= bMv;v ;x]sf] vnL vfPsf
] . ~ ef]uL lj) bMv;vsf ;a} emd]nf ef]lu;s]sf] vnL vfPsf] . dfg gf) Hofb} 7"nf] s
i6 ;f:tL x}fgL . dfgL gf) != eStdfgsf] efj jf l:ylt . lj) @= eQmdfgdf k]sf] . ~ j}
L gf) ef]uLef]uLsg ;+;f ;a} lrg]sf] dflg; . eQmfO gf) [ eQmfp ( cfO)] eQmfpg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof eSTofO . [ > ] eQmfOg s) lqm) eSTofOg . eQmfpg ;) lqm) [eQmfg cfp g
] n]gb]gsf] Jojxf 6U \ ofpg rQmL kfg{ eSTofpg .
958

eQmfg gf) [;+) eQm cfg] != ef]u ug]{ sfd ef]u . @= n]gb]g rQmf ug]{ sfd rQmL km5f}
6 . #= si6n] ;do latfpg] sfd cgej . lj) $= ltl;s]sf] kml5{Psf] . $= ef]luPsf] . ~
;Gtng gf) Ps b]zn] csf]{ b]zaf6 kfpgkg]{ jf csf]{ b]znfO{ lbgkg]{ Jofkf;DaGwL l
x;fasf] sd (j:t, kFhL, ladfzNs, hxfhef8f O)) . eQmfgL gf) [eQmfg O{] != n]gb]g r
Qmf ug]{ sfd km5f}6 { . lj) @= ltgk { g]{ jf lbgkg]{ . #= rQmf eQmfg . ~ krf{ g
f) eQmfgL lbOPsf ;DaGwdf clen]v flvg] krf{ . ~ efpr gf) eQmfgL ug]{ cfwfsf lglDt t
of kflPsf] efpr . elQm gf) [;+)] != ef]hg . @= pkef]u ef]u . #= clwsfdf lnOPsf] j:t
Ahf bvn . > elQmg c) lqm) != klcfPsf] bMv;v ;xg vKg . @= hLjg, ;do, lbg cflb l
aTg . #= rlQmg kml5{g . elQmjfb gf) [;+)] etsf] ;;"qsf JofVoftfxdWo] egfosn] k|l
kfbg u]sf], ;x[boaf6 ;sf] pkef]u xG5 eGg] sfJol;4fGt ;lgiklQ;DaGwL Ps l;4fGt . eST
ofO gf) [ elQm ( ofO)] != elQmg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . [eSTofp cfO] @= eSTofpg] e
fj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] eSTofOg s) lqm) != ;dfKt kflg latfOg . @= dflg . e
STofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != ;dfKt kfg{ latfpg . @= dfg{ . eSnSs lqm) lj) [c)
d") es\ > eSns\ s] != plS;g], ;lGgg] jf kmNg] uL eSs . @= PSsfl; n8\g] jf dg]{
rfnn] . eu \ f | nf] gf) [eu \ f | ] cfnf]] != 7"nf] pkb|j ljKnj pTkft . @= b}jL c
kt\ b3{6gf . #= etetL kf]Ng] tftf] cfufsf] e\u|f] . e\lu|g c) lqm) [e\u|f] O g
u|}e\u|f] xg e\u|f] aGg . @= e\u|fnf]df kg{ bMv jf ;Gtfkdf xf]ldg . #= lgn]
Fuflg . eu \ ]| lj) [eu \ f | ] P] != e\u|f]df xfn] ksfPsf] e\u|f]df kfs]sf]
t?n cflb) . @= e\u|f];DaGwL e\u|f]sf] . #= Hofb} tftf] flknf] . ~ Hjf] gf) ;ff z
|h ] :t} tft] cfpg] Hjf] sfdHjf] . eu \ f | ] gf) [;+) c\uf] bfpf aln;s]kl5sf] c
9s9sfpFbf] cj:yf emlnf] cfuf] cfufsf] lkmln\ufsf] yk|f] . eU \ o|fO gf) [ el \ u
O)] el\ u|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] e\Uo|fOg s) lqm) e\u|fdf kflg . eU \ o|fp
 ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) e\u|fdf kfg{ ;\s6df em]Ng . eRrs lj) [;+) e"t r"s] != ;fx|} a
m x:;" . @= cw{l;NnL

959

eh \ getet gxfnL e6] agfOPsf] tsfL e6jf e6g . e6ef6 gf) [e6\ (l))] e6\g
F8Ldf ds} cflb j:t 7]6g \ } jf ;Svf efF8fdf yf]} lrNnf] xfn] kjf, ltxgtsfL cflb
kfgL gxfnL ksfpg] sfd . e6el6g c) lqm) [e6 \ e6 \ O g] dgdf k]sf tfk jf lrGtfn]
kf]lng To:tf] tfk jf lrGtfn] dg kf]n] Jofsn xg jf 56kl6g lklg lklN;g . e6e6L
[ e6el6] dgdf k]sf kLn] leqleq} ePsf] Jofsntf jf 56k6L rsf]{ dfgl;s tfk . e6e6fO
f) [e6el6 ofO] e6el6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . e6fO gf) [ e6\ ( cfO)] e6\g] efj
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] e6fOg s) lqm) e6\g nfOg . el6g c) lqm) != e6ef6
xf]Og . s) lqm) @= e6\g] sfd ulg e6fOdf klg . el6ef gf) s]xL klg gxg] l:ylt e
Lef . el6ef6L 6) s]xL gePsf] cj:yf e:dfe6L . el6dfd gf) [af) af])] e6]sf] eft .
e6L gf) [e6 \ O{] != e6g \ ] sfd . @= e6s ] f] j:t jf vfg]s f] (afnaf]nLdf) .
ef gf) cGg, vfg]s f] cflb s]xL gxg] l:ylt kmLsf}8L . (pbf) 3df e6Lef gePkl5
FRg] <) . ef6L gf) e6ef6 ug]{ sfd fd|L e6g] sfd . e6L gf) (afnaf]nLdf) e6g \ ]
d jf e6]sf j:t (vf; uL ds} cflb) . e6g gf) [ e6g] != tsfL, e6jf cflb ksfpgfsf l
glDt sfxLdf jf o:t} efF8fdf xflng] l3pt]n . @= cfGb|f, eF8L, sn]hf], kmf]S;f] cf
lb ldnfO{ l3p jf t]ndf tf]sf] klsf . e6jf lj) [e6 \ pjf] != l3pt]ndf e6]sf] tf]
gf) @= l3pt]ndf e6]sf] jf tf]sf] ;vf tsfL . #= cfGb|f, eF8L, sn]hf] cflb tf]sf]
klsf e6g . e6s ] f] lj) [e6 \ Psf]] e6] ksfOPsf] jf tof kflPsf] . ~ t]n gf) ;8
] gxf];\ egL tf]LnfO{ e6] kfsf] kfL lgsflnPsf] :j:y t]n . e6f] gf) [ efpF6f]] != ;F
eflng;Sg cfkt\ efpF6f] . @= emGem6 emd]nf 6G6f . #= dfgl;s lrGtf lkmqmL . e6s \ f]
gf) [e6\ sf]] pdfn]sf kfgLdf e6]sf] kL7f] d5L 8Nnf] kfL rfs ldnfO{ ?dfnn] 5f]k] af
kmdf ksfOg] f]6L . ef gf) [e6\ 6f] != e6g \ ] sfd . @= e6s ] f] j:t jf vfg]sf] .
= ds} . etet gf) [c) d") et \ c (l))] != l;, c;Gtf]if cflbn] c:ki6 kdf JoQm xg] P
sf]xf]f] ugug kmtkmt . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] l; b]vfpFb} ugugfP c:ki6 kdf

cwa];|f] . #= clzi6 a];f]dltnf] c;Eo . eh \ g ;) lqm) [;+) eh\ g] != ef]u ug{ cg
j ug{ elQmg . @= ;vbMv a]xf]g{ . #= ;f]rljrf u] sfd ug{ jf hfGg . $= sg} j:t
xfF8L, sfxL cflbdf nfjf p7\g] uL e6\g . eh gf) [;+)] != x:t xft afxnL . @= xfFuf]
zfvf . #= ]vful0ftdf sf]0f agfpgsf nflu lvlrg] ;f]emf] ]vf . $= xfQLsf] ;8 F . e
h\u gf) [;+)] != ;k{ ;fFk . @= gf7f] hf . k|oft gf) 5Gbzf:qcg;f rfj6f o u0fs
g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . > eh\uL gf) kf]yL ;k{ ;lk{0fL . ehb08 gf) [;+)] /fhfn] cf}krf
l/s kdf xftdf lng] b08 /fhb08 . ehkfz gf) [;+)] c\sdfn cFufnf] . ehaGw gf) [;+)] !=
ehfn] cFufNg] sfd c\sdfn cFufnf] . @= afxdf klxlg] Ps uxgf afhaGb c\ub . ehan g
+)] eh jf zLdf xg] an zfLls zlQm . ehf! gf) [;+)] != afxnL xft x:t . @= ]vful0
]0f agfpg lvlrg] ;n ]vf . ehf@ gf) [k|f) elHhc] != cgbL, lrlgofF cflb wfgsf] rfdn
e6]sf] v] . @= vfhfdf vfOg] To:tf] v] jf l;f}Fnf cflb vfg]sf] . #= eft (k|foM bafl
af]nLdf) . ehfGt gf) [;+)] != bO{ ehfsf] aLrsf] :yfg . @= cFufnf] qmf]8 . ehfkqe
hfkft gf) [;+) e"h{kq] ef]hkq ef]hkft . eh  u \ f] gf) [;+) eh\ p\uf]] k|foM tfdf]
lkQn cflb wftsf] af6fsf cfsfdf ag]sf] s]xL 7f8f] t la6 gkms]s { f] ksfpg] efF8f]
. eh  Leh  f] gf) [k|f) eUu] != sf]]F;f]df sf]] dl;gf] kf]sf] cfn, d"nf, sl
flbsf] rfgf . @= To:t} rfgfsf] cfsf jf To;}df kL7f] d5] tflPsf] vfg]sf] . #= d5]sf]
a];g cflb emfFemaf6 rxfP dl;gf 6qmf kfL l3pt]ndf ksfOPsf] glgnf] vh] vfg]sf] .
hn ] gf) 3tL{, dusf] y ljz]if . ehn ] LeHofnL gf) [ehf PnLofnL] != 7"nf] cfsfsf
8f . @= vsL . e6\g ;) lqm) [;+) e[i6 g] != ;vf ds}, e6df;, wfg cflb j:t xfF8L cf
lbdf xfnL sK6]fn] rnfP k"mn p7\g] uL ;vf ksfpg cfNg . @= vfg]sf l3p jf t]ndf tf]
ksfpg tfg{ . #= tf]k, aGbs, 6f\s cflbaf6 uf]nL xfg] w]} dfG5]nfO{ dfg{ ;vfk kfg{
. > e6 gf) cf]afg} e6g \ ] jf e6 ] ksfpg] sfd . e6g gf) [e6 \ cg] x]) e6g  e
6j  f . > e6g]; gf) ;

etfxfeG6] kmtkmtfpFb} . #= emf]sn] leqleq} eu \ f | ] ;Nsg] lsl;d;Fu . > etet

fO gf) etetfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . etetfOg s) lqm) emf]sn] a8a8fOg ugugf
Og . etetfpg c) lqm) l;sf] ;df PSn} jf Psf]xf]f] kmtkmtfpg a8a8fpg . etet ]
f) != cfuf]sf lkmln\uf vfgL ldl;Psf] e\u|f] e\u|f] . lj) @= etet ulxg] kmtkmt
fxf lj) [e"t cfxf] e"t;DaGwL e"tff lgld{t e"t nfUg] . ~ afFw gf) Oltxf;sf] c1ft sfndf
ld{t ePsf xgfn] lgdf{tfsf] gfd yfxf xg g;sL l5d]ssf JolQmxsf b[li6df e"tff lgld{t
7flgPsf] sg} afFw (kf]vfsf] kfbL{ afFw, ;g;L e6fxfsf] afFw O)) . etS  s lqm) lj
) [c) d") ets 
\ s] != l;n] jf c;Gtf]ifn] r" xg] uL ;fx|} emf]lSsP . @= ysfOn] n
|Ss kg]{ uL . #= PSsfl; dg]{ lsl;dn] vqSs . $= 7"nf] cf;lQm . et  u \ ] lj) [e
t\uf] P] et\uf] gf\u] . et  u \ f] lj) [e"t gf\uf]] lgjf{u \ gf\uf] gUg .
[c) d") et \ pNnf]] != yf]qf]k  fgf] lry|f] (l;s, 8:gf cflb) . @= eSs kmn]sf] es
nf] . et]u|f] gf) [e"t Pu|f] ] e"tn] bMv lbPsf]em}F u/L w]} bMv lbg] a:tefp (e]8
f], afv|f] cflb) . etlSsg c) lqm) [etSs O g] etSs xg dg{ . > etS  SofO gf)
etl Ssg] jf etS  Sofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . etSSofOg s)lqm) dg]{ kflg . etS 
Sofpg ;) lqm) etSs kfg{ 7x} tNofpg dfg{ . elQg c) lqm) [eQf] O g] s6f], sf
], xFl;of, vsL cflb xltof gsf6\g] jf gnfUg] xg wf af]wf] xg eQ] xg . eQ ] l
) [eQf] P] != wf gePsf] jf wf g} slF 8Psf] wflnf] gePsf] gnfUg] (xltof) . @= al4 g
] gltvflPsf] af]wf] (dflg;) . eQf] lj) [;+) eQm] != wf d]sf] gnfUg] . @= af]wf] e
eofO gf) [ elQ ( ofO)] != elQg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [eofp cfO] @= eofpg] lqmof jf
lqmof . [ > ] eofOg s) lqm) eQ] kflg . ] n] jf; u]sf] (7fpF, 3 eTofxf lj) [e"t o
] != e"tk|t cflb) . gf) @= e"tk|]t;DaGwL sfd ug]{ emfkms] JolQm wfdL jf emfFqmL .
eofpg ;) lqm) eQ] kfg{ . eqS  s lqm) lj) [c) d") eqs\ s] != PSsfl; pk|mg], x
fDkmfNg] jf cf]n{g] uL . @= ysfOn] k"} un] . #= 7x} dg]{ uL etSs . eql} ;teql} ;
j) af]) [eqf] P] l;t] a]jf:tf jf pk]Iffsf]
960

efj JoQm ubf{ elgg] zAb oq}l;t sG8}l;t . (pbf) eg]sf] gdfgL v r9]kl5 n8] s] t, eq}l
;t Tolt hfaf] sfdf klg l;fpF5g\ eg] eq}l;lt ) eqf] lj) [ eTnf]] != a]jf:tfsf] s
s]xL km:;f oqf] (lgGbfy{df) . gf) @= uKtf\usf /f}F . eTnf gf) [eTnf]sf] lt) )] !
= ejf f}F . @= yf]} j:t ;fgf] 6qmf] . #= lry|f] eqf] . jfn lj) eTnf xg] nfdf
eTnf ePsf] eTn] ofkNnf] . ~ eTnL != Psn] csf{sf] s]z pv]Ng] sfd . @= emu8f . el
Tng c) lqm) [eTnf] O g] f}F eTnf cflb vOlng aflxL f}F nl5g . @= gf\uf] xg
#= yf]qf]kfgf] xg yf]lqg . $= clwsf, dfg, hflu cflb vf]l;g . eTn] lj) [eTnf]
eTn}eT  nf ePsf] huN6] eTnfjfn . ~ ;fu gf) svfsf] df; . eTnf] gf) [ e"jf] != a
f cflbsf f}F dl;gf] eTnf] ejf . @= lry|f] emqf] kfgf] . #= yf]} j:t ;fgf] 6qm
f] . eTNofO gf) [ elTn ( ofO)] != elTng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [eTNofp cfO] @= e
TNofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] eTNofOg s) lqm) eTnf pv]lng . eTNofpg
 ;) lqm) != f}F jf ejf n5g \  eTnf pv]Ng . @= gf\uf] tNofpg g\Uofpg . #= hyf
faL huN6f n5\g huN6fpg . $= clwsf, dfg, k|lti7f, hflu cflb vf]:g . k|]) lqm) %=
emqf] kfg{ emofpg km6fpg . ^= f}F, ejf, eTnf cflb vhdHofpg elTng] kfg{ . e
b | gf) WjfF;] sf] rLnhq} df+;fxfL Ps hftsf] rf] . egeg gf) [c) d") eg\ c (l))
lj) != lemFuf, dfxL, eFjf] cflb p8\bf zAb cfpg] uL egeg . @= dgdf lrGtf k] jf l;n]
} kmtkmtfpg] rfnn] etetfpg] uL . > egegfO gf) egegfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. egegfOg s) lqm) eFjf], lemFuf, dfxL cflbff egeg ulg . egegfpg c) lqm) !=
mFuf, eFjf], dfxL cflbn] egeg cfjfh lgsfn] p8\g egeg ug{ . @= dgdf lrGtf k] PS
} a8a8fpg etetfpg . egegfx6 gf) egegfpg] l:ylt, efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . egL
gf) ;Fu jf aFb]nsf] kf]yL . eg ] gf) afF;, dfln\uf] cflbsf rf]ofn] ag]sf] n]slta
f6 dxL cf];fg]{ efF8f] . eG6f eG6L gf) [eG6f] eG6L] dl;gf jf ;fgfltgf s]6fs]6L e
G6feG6 efeL . eG6L gf) [eG6f] O{] != eG6f]sf] kf]yL k ;fgL aRrL k8\sL s]6
;fgf] sbsL xf]rL k8\sL (:qL) . eG6] gf) [eG6f] P] != ;fgf] aRrf] . @= k8\sf] s]6f
] . lj) #= ;fgf] k8\sf] k8\s] .

961

eG6f]eNn s;" ljuf . #= n]vgdf xg] uNtL czl4 . $= la;{g] sfd lj:d[lt . rs gf)
n r"s lafd bf]if . @= e"naf6 xg cfPsf] ql6 c1fgtf jf Jo:ttfn] xg] uNtL . enen
qm) lj) [;+) aba \ b  ] kfgL, ut cflb lgl:sxg] uL . > enenfO gf) enenfpg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . enenfpg c) lqm) != d"n km6] jf enen xg] uL hldgaf6 kfgL
pd|g . @= To;L g} cfF; cflb aUg . enelng c) lqm) enen uL hldgaf6 kfgL pld|g
enenfpg . enen ] lj) enen uL pDn]sf] jf pd|]sf] (kfgL cflb tn kbfy{) . \ e
n \ P]of] != k]lrnf] jf emSofpg] sf] eneno } f gf) [en 3dfpf] sfsfgL . @= cnd
6f] ePsf] sg} 3 jf To:t} rgf . eneNofx6 gf) enelng] l:ylt, efj jf lqmofk|lqmof .
enfO gf) [ en\ ( cfO)] eNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [enfp cfO] gf) enfpg] efj, l
qmof jf k|lqmof . > enfOg s) lqm) eNg] kflg cNdNofOg . enfpg k|) ] lqm) != la
;f{pg cndNofpg . @= emSofpg 5sfpg . #= k|]ddf km;fpg cf;Qm agfpg . enfof] gf
) [ ejf] != ];dsf] wfuf]af6 ags ] f] Ps k|sfsf] gd sk8f cG8L . @= eje } j  f xg]
uL ags ] f] gd sk8f . elng c) lqm) [en\ O g] e"ndf klg . en  gf) bO { tLg ld
], e]6g \  ePsf lrNnf, kftnf 6Nsg] kft xg,] unfkmL xNsf kx]n F f] sf k"mn kmNg
] Ps k|sfsf] v ;f]xL vsf] ftf] hfdgsf cfsfsf] kmn . enS  s lqm) lj) [c) d") en
!= b"w, kfgL cflb klxnf]kN6 eNsf] km6] plDng] uL . @= kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ eNsf]a
f6 PSsfl; lg:s] . eNsg c) lqm) [enSs g] != kfgL, b"w, cflb tn kbfy{ ttfpFbf pDng
enSs xg jf eNsf] lg:sg . @= kfgL, ut cflb tn kbfy{ clncln uL j]un] lg:sg . >
eNsfO gf) eNsg] jf eNsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . eNsfOg s) lqm) enSs pdflng
. eNsfpg ;) lqm) enSs pdfNg . elNsg c) lqm) enSs plDng . eNsf]! gf) [ en]
!= b"w, kfgL cflb tn kbfy{ ttfpFbfsf] pDnfO pdfn . @= kfgL, cfF; cflb Ps k6sdf l
g:s]sf] c+z jf j]u dNsf] . #= w]} dlnnf] hldgdf ;k|] pd|]sf] afnLsf] ufFh . eNsf]
@ gf) [;+) pn"s] nf6f]sf];]f] pNn" . eNSofO gf) [elNs ofO] elNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . eNn lqm) lj) [c) d") en\ n] != hldgaf6 kfgL cflb lg:sg] uL . @= pDn] . #= sg}
tn kbfy{ PSsfl;

eG6f] lj) [ kG6f]] ;fgf] sbsf] xf]rf] k8\sf] . \ g] eFjf, lemFuf, dfxL, eGg lqm
j) [c) d") eg nfDv] cflb p8\bf jf sfpFbf ;uf]n cfjfh cfpg] uL . ed tfn gf) afhf ah
pg] tfnsf ljleGg e]bdWo] Ps . edL gf) [k|f) edO] != xfjf, kfgL cflb 3d] ag]sf],
rqmfsf 7fpF hnfjt{ eFjL . @= f}F cflb 3dls{Psf] jf rSsf k]sf] l:ylt . #= qmf]w jf
n] lgwfdf kf]sf] To:tf] ufF7f] . egxQ]e/dxQ] gf)x]) eg{xQ]ed{xQ] . | f] != ef]
) ) slnnf s]6f ;fgf ef gf) [;+) e"0 aRrf . @= ;;fgf df5f . eL gf) != ;fgfltgf s]
L dl;gf afnaRrf . @= hd|fsf dl;gf aRrf . e?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") e?s\ s] a;]sf] 7fpF
af6 PSsfl; p7\g] uL h?Ss . @= PsfPs p8\g] rfnn] e{ . e? gf) [g]jf)] != wfufn] a]L
6\sf] eO{Fdf 3dfpFb} v]lng] sf7sf] 8Nnf] v]nf}gf n6\6 . @= xftn] 3dfP v]lng] lrn
fpg] cflbsf u]8f . lj) #= 8Nnf] k8\sf] . e ] gf) [ef] P] != ;fgf] s]6fs]6L ef] .
f]sf] k"s . lj) #= ;fgf] ufF7Lsf] xf]rf] sbsf] . ~ ef] lj) != ef]e] l7g]ldg] ;fg
@= dl;gf s]6fs]6L 7"nf dflg; . ~ df5f] gf) ;fgf] Ps hftsf] df5f]ljz]if . 6fs ] gf
) ;;fgf yDs] fHo . en ] gf) [ef Pn] dl;gf df5f 5f]Kg] hfn jf hfnL . ef] gf) [;+)
"0f] != ;fgf] vfnsf] df5f] df5fsf] aRrf] . @= ;fgf]ltgf] s]6f] aRrf] . es6 { gf)
[;+) e|+;\ s] != sNr], efFr], vfP ePsf] ;vfk l:ylt a]dfv ;j{gfz aafbL ljWj+; .
k . esn { gf) ;nfO{ agfpg] sfddf k|of]u xg] Ps vljz]if . egx { Q]edx { Q] gf)
[;+) e|0 " fxTof] != dg{ g afFRgsf] l:ylt egxQ] . @= lgNg g ps]Ngsf] j:t jf
To:t} grflxFbf] sfdsf] lagl;lQsf] ofpnf] jf emGem6 . e { lqm) lj) [c) d") e\ ] r
p8fOsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . ef{! gf) != dfgdof{bf k|lti7f OHHt cfa? . @= ulGhkmfsf] v]n
f PsPs rSsL ofFs] vfg] Ps bfp . ef{@ gf) [c) af{s] Ps hftsf] k]jf . en \ g ;) lq
|f) eNn g] != klxn] ePu]sf] sf g;Demg la;{g . @= sg} uNtL jf e"n ug{ lafpg .
#= e"ndf kg{ rSg . $= cndlng emlSsg 5lSsg . %= cf;Qm xg nxl;g nUu" xg .
en gf) [k|f) eNn] != tfs]sf] sfd ug{kg]{df emlSsP ulg] cs}{ sfd eNg] sfd e|d r"s
kmnt . @= ljfd

eje"Ifo lg:sg] uL . ej gf) [;+)] kf0fcg;f k[YjLdflysf ;ft nf]sdWo] bf];|f] nf]s k
YjL / ;"o{sf aLrdf x]sf] cfsfz cGtlIf . ejg gf) [;+)] != hut\ ;+;f . @= hn kfgL . #
|sl[ tsf] l;h{gf ;[li6 . $= hgtf blgofF . %= kf0fcg;f e", ej, :j, dx cflb rf}w n
f]s ;ft nf]s tyf ;ft kftfndWo] k|To]s . ^= pQm cfwfdf rf}wsf] ;\Vof;"rs zAb . sf]z g
f) != rf}w ejgsf] ;dli6 . @= ;d:t a|Xdf08 e"d08n . qo gf) wtL{nufot dflysf] Ps d
lgsf] ;d]t tLg nf]s :ju{, dTo{ kftfn . > ejg]Zj gf) != ejgsf O{Zj . @= lzjsf] d"lt
{ jf k . #= fhf . ejg]ZjL gf) != tGqzf:qsf bz dxfljBfdWo] Ps . @= buf{ b]jL . ejnf
]{s gf) [;+)] rf}w ejgdWo] Ps k[YjLdflysf ;Ktnf]sdWo] bf];f | ] nf]s . ejnej:tfg
gf) [ ejg] si6;fy em]Ngkg]{ bMvsf] cj:yf 7"nf] bMv xG8 ;\s6 x}fgL . ejf gf) [
] != l;dn, skf; cflbsf] gd ?jf . @= dnfod cgej xg], dl;gf, sdnf f}F e"jf . #= lg
ajf cflb kmnsf] ubLeGbf aflx af]qmfeGbf leqkl x]sf] vfg klg xg] j:t . $= lgsf]
xg yfn]sf] 3fpvl6fsf] ;fx|} dl;gf kfk|fsf] ;d"x . %= w:;f cflbdf wl:gP lg:s]sf]
dl;gf f}Fh:t} gd j:t . lhg gf) ejf p7]sf], c;n vfnsf] lhg sk8f . bf lj) != ejf
fn] gd b]lvg] ejf ePsf] (sk8f) . gf) @= ejfbfL . bfL gf) ej}ejf p7]sf] ?dfn, ljz
ifvfnsf] sk8f . e; gf) [k|f)] != wfg, uxF, sf]bf] cflb cGg s6] jf lkFw] s]nfpFbf a
f]qmfsf kdf cfpg] vf]:6f . @= ;fxLg j:t . #= s]xL klg xftnfuL gxg] sfd k|flKtsf]
cefj lgikmntf km:;f . sf] y}nL lj) duh gePsf] xnDa" . lt3| ] lj) != 7"nf lt3|f jf
n ePcg;f/ sfd glbg] . @= df]6f / v;|f lt3|f ePsf] df]6f] lt3|] . > e;fpf] gf) !=
leq rfdn gePsf] k6jfsf] yk|f] . @= e:;f sf6\g] xltof v8fF; . e;fxf lj) leq ubL
geO{ bfd|f] ePsf] w]} e; lg:sg] e:ofxf . el;g c) lqm) e;h:tf] xg lgikmn xg
] hfg . e;S  s lqm) lj) [c) d") e;s\ s] != PSsfl; la;{g] uL . @= cfufn] ;a} 89\g
] lsl;dn] . #= hf] ePsf] ;a} gfz eP, l;l4P jf lalu|P . $= ;Tbf uf9f lgb|fdf kg]{ uL
rfn} gkfO{ lgbfP . e;ge;gf] gf) [ e;] kmf]xd}nf jf 5fglt xg] lkp;f]h:tf] ;fg
] e;gf] . > e;g  ] lj) != Hofb} ;fgf] . @= sd dxjsf] Ifb| .
962

e;l  N6g c) lqm) [e;S  s O g] cfzf u]sf] j:t gkfOg  6fO gf) e;l N6g] jf e
6fOg] ul7g lxl:;g . > e;N efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . e;N  6fOg s) lqm) e;lN6g]
l:yltdf kflg lhNNofOg lx::ofOg . e;N6fpg ;) lqm) s;}nfO{ cfzf b]vfP ;f] j:t gl
g lhNNofpg lx::ofpg . e;;; lqm) lj) [c) d") e; \ p (l))] != la:tf} cfuf] ;Ns]
td xg] uL sg} j:t wdfwd ;lNsg] rfnn] . @= p8\g] jf lgbfpg] uL . #= rfn} gkfO{ ;lsF
b} hfg] lsl;dn] . e; ] lj) [e; P] e;af6 ag]sf] e;;DaGwL e;sf] . ~ rnL gf) aLrdf
9\u|f] xfnL e; vfFb] 9\u|f] lems]kl5 tnlt k|foM Pp6} bfpf] afn] To;}n] e; ;NsfO{
fg]s f ksfpg] rnf] e;sf] cFu]7L . e:s6 gf) [e; s] != ;j{gfz ;vfk aafbL . lj)
nf{Ss} . e:ofO gf) [ el; ( ofO)] el;g] jf e:ofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . e:ofO
g s) lqm) el;g] kflg . e:ofpg ;) lqm) el;g] kfg{ . e:ofxf lj) [e; ofxf] != df
gdof{bf, OHht cflb gePsf] . @= vaL jf ;Lk gePsf] . #= e;h:t} ;ftj gePsf] lg:;f al4
xLg . ~ ss  gf) uNnLuNnL rxfg],{ a]jfl;] lgDg :tsf] ss . e:;f gf) [;+) a;] !=
{ sf6] ;sfpFbf fd|f] bhf{sf] aGg g;s]sf], km]b, 6Kkf cflb ;a} ld;fP tof kflPsf] ;:t
f] sf]l6sf] ;tL{ . @= sSs8sf kdf jf ;Nkmfdf xfn] tflgg] ;tL{ . #= ufO{a:tnfO{
vjfOg] kfn cflb sfl6Psf dl;gf 6qmf . e" gf) [;+)] != wtL hldg e"ld . @= 7fpF :yfg .
cfs[lt gf) wftnsf] :jk e":jk e"agf]6 . e"pku|x gf) [;+)] != k[YjLsf jlkl klqmdf u
s} cfsif{0f ljsif{0fdf wflgg] ;fgfltgf u|x . @= k[YjLsf] sIfdf klqmdf ug]{, j}1fl
gsxff lgld{t ;fgf] u|x . ~ k|If]k0f gf) sg} u|xsf sIfdf klqmdf ug{ cGtlIfdf e"pku|x
8\g] sfd . ~ ;~rf ;]jf gf) k[YjLsf sIfdf klqmdf ug]{ u|xxsf] ultljlw hfGg lrq, Wjlg
cflb lnO{ ;~rfsf] ;ljwf ldnfpg] Joj:yf . e"pkof]lutf gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] sfd nfUg]
u0f jf hldgsf] k|of]hgLotf df6f]af6 xg] nfebfoL u0f . e"sDk gf) [;+)] eOr F{
fnf] e}r F fnf] . e"sdL{ gf) [;+)] e"lddf g} sfd ug]{ xjfO{ljefusf sfdbf sd{rfL . e"
Ifo gf) [;+)] != af9L, klxf] cflbaf6 hldg efl:;g]

963

e"If/0fe"ef/ e"tj;DaGwL zf:q e"tjljBf . ljb\ gf) e"tjsf] 1fg ePsf] JolSt e"tjsf]
~ ljBf gf) e"ue{zf:q . j]Qf gf) e"tjljb\ . e"t gu gf) [;+)] e"txsf] laulauL ePsf] j
"tk|]tn] jf; u]sf] slNkt ;x . e"tk"j{ lj) [;+)] != klxn] eO;s]sf] lat]sf] ;dosf] k"j{
fnsf] k"j{jtL{ . @= klxn] sg} kbk|lti7fdf xL xfn vfnL ePsf] (JolSt) . ~ ;}lgs ;\u7g g
f) cjsfzk|fKt ;}lgs hjfgxsf kljfsf] ;v;ljwf, lzIff, a;f]af; cflbsf] k|aGw ug{ fli6
lxtdf ;+nUg ufpg agfOPsf] Ps ;\u7g . e"t k|t ] gf) [;+)] cult k]sf dflg;xsf] tyfsly
t t;f{pg] cfTdf e"tk|t ] lkzfrxsf] ;dbfo . e"t a\unf gf) [e"t a\unf] e"tk|t ] a:g]
jZjf; ulPsf] 8nfUbf] t;f{pg] 3 e"tdxn e"tfxf3 . e"t o1 gf) [;+)] u[x:yLxn] k|ltlb
lqmofsf kdf ugk { g]{ k~ro1dWo] Ps leIfs, Zjfg, sfs, sldnf cflb k|f0fLnfO{ cGgbf
g ulg] o1 . e"tn gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] aflxL vFlbnf] tx kt . e"t ljBf gf) [;+)] != e"tk|
] , lkzfr cflbaf6 k}bf xg] f]uJoflwsf] pkrf ug]{ ljBf . @= e"tk|]t;DaGwL ljBf .
e"t zl4 gf) [;+)] cgi7fg, kZr0f cflbdf o1sf] cfDe xFbf dGq cflbff zL z4 ulg]
e"tfTdf gf) [;+)] != d[t zLdf klxn] x]sf] cfTdf . @= kfly{j zL . #= hLjfTdf . $= kdf
. %= lkzfr k|]t . e"lt gf) [;+)] != wg ;DklQ P]Zjo{ . @= vfgL e:d . #= pTkGg xg] k|
qmof hGd . e"if0f gf) vfgL g} cfe"if0f ePsf b]jtf dxfb]j . e"t ] lj) [e"t P] e"t ePs
jf e"t a:g] e"t;DaGwL . ~ cf]8f gf) e"t a:g] cf]8f 8nfUbf] cf]8f . e"bj ] gf) [;+)
a|fXd0f . @= e":jfdL . #= eFof . e"w gf) [;+)] != kxf8 kj{t . @= z]ifgfu . #= s[i0f
. e"ke"klt gf) [;+)] != dxffh fhf e"klt . @= afbzfx ;d|f6\ . e"klj]li6t lj) [;+)]
]zsf] e"efuaf6 3]lPsf] jf ;dbL | dfu{ gePsf] (b]z) . e"kfn gf) [;+)] fhf e"k . e"kG
] b| gf) [;+)] fhfxdf zlQmzfnL ;j{>i ] 7 fhf ;d|f6\ . e"ks | l [ t gf) [;+)] k[YjL
wftnsf] k|fs[lts agf]6 . e"efu gf) [;+)] != sg} dxfLk jf pkLksf] v08 k|bz ] . @= hld
sf] v08 e"If]q e"v08 . e"ef gf) [;+)] != k[YjLsf] ef . @= 7"nf] lhDd]bfL uxg

aUg] sfd To;L hldg lvOFb} hfg] k|lqmof . @= pj{f F } zlQmsf] x|f; e"If0f . > e"Iflotf
gf) hldg gfz xb hfg] sfd e"Ifo xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . e"If0f gf) [;+)] != cJojl:yt
lx;fan] ulg] jgh\unsf] kmF8fgL, cltj[li6 cflbsf sf0fn] hldgsf] ;txsf] df6f] v:sFb}
hfg] k|lqmof . @= hldgsf] pj{f zlQmsf] x|f; . e"lIflth gf) [;+)] k[YjL cGtlIf hf]l
8Psf] cfef; xg] 7fpF lIflth . e"If]q gf) [;+)] != hldgsf] efu wtLsf] cfotg . @= hnI
f]qafx]ssf] e"efu . > e"If]qLo lj) e"If]q;DaGwL e"If]qsf] . e"v08 gf) [;+)] != hUuf
hldgsf] 6qmf] . @= Hofb} emGem6sf] sfd cK7ff] sfd . #= 7"nf] ljgafwf 7"nf] c8\sfp .
e"ue{ gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] leqL jf tNnf] tx . ljb\ lj) e"ue{ljBf jf e"ue{zf:qsf] 1ft
f . ~ ljBf gf) e"ue{zf:q . ~ zf:q gf) e"ue{df x]sf] kbfy{ kQf nufpg] To;;DaGwL cWoo
g ug]{ ljBf e"ue{zf:q . e"ue{jQ ] f gf) e"ue{;DaGwL 1ftf e"ue{ljb\ . e"ux [ gf) [;+
)] ejgsf] hldgdlg agfOPsf] tnf tfOvfgf txvfgf . e"uf]n gf) [;+)] != k[YjL . @= k[Yj
Lsf] (afXo ;tx h\un, gbL, kxf8 cflb k|fs[lts ljefu, b]z, gu, ufpF cflb fhgLlts ljef
u, pi0fsl6aGw, zLtsl6aGw cflb jftfjl0fs ljefu pBf]uwGbf, Ctx tyf afl;Gbfx ;a}sf])
j0f{g jf ljrf ePsf] zf:q . e"rqm gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] kllw qmflGtj[Q ljifjt\]vf . e"lr
sT;f zf:q gf) [;+)] ef}uf]lns tj u0fxdf e kg]{ :jf:Yozf:q . e"bfg gf) hUuf jf e"ldb
g . e"t lj) [;+)] != eO;s]sf] ePsf] . @= lat]sf] ljut . #= ldn]sf] . $= p:t} ;dfg tN
o . %= k}bf ePsf] pTkGg . gf) ^= rfr k|f0fL hLj . &= k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo cfsfz k~r
xfe"t . *= lat]sf] ;do ljut sfn . (= ;[li6sf r]tg cr]tg ;a} kbfy{ . !)= Jofs0fsf c
g;f sfo{Jofkf ;dfKt ePsf] cy{ aemfpg] lqmof (uPF, uof}F, uP O)) . !!= d[t zL jf To
;sf] cfTdf d[tfTdf . !@= lkzfr k|t ] . !#= lzjsf] Ps u0f . ~ sfn gf) != lalt;s]sf]
;do ljut sfn . @= Jofs0fsf jt{dfg, e"t eljiot\ sfndWo] Ps . ~ sflnsf lj) != ljut ;d
odf ePsf] klxn] 3l6;s]sf] . @= e"tsfn;Fu ;DalGwt . gfy gf) rfr k|f0fLsf dflns lzjhL
e"tj gf) [;+)] kfgL, jfo, cfsfz cflb k[YjLsf tj . ~ lj1fg gf) e"ldsf] uxg tjsf] cWo
og ulg] ljBf

e"ef/te"o;L pQbfloTj . #= a]xf]g{ ufx|f] kg]{ 6G6f emd]nf grflxFbf] ofpnf] . e"ef/t g
) [;+)] 7"nf] lhDd]jf/L 6G6f emd]nf ofpnf] . e"ef}lts lj) [;+)] k[YjLsf] afXo ef}uf]l
ns j:t (kfgL, gbL, xfjf cflb)sf] cWoog ug]{ lj1fg;DaGwL . ~ lj1fg gf) e"ef}lts;Da
GwL lj1fg . > e"ef}ltsL gf) e"ef}lts lj1fg . e"d08n gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf] ;tx e"tn k[Yj
L wtL{ . e"dWo lj) [;+)] rf}lt hldgn] 3]lPsf] . ~ ]vf gf) cIffGt]vfsf] ;dfgfGtdf
aLr efudf k6sfem}F a]lP k"j{b]lv klZrd;Dd ku]sf] sfNklgs ]vf ljifjt\ { f 6sL{gl]
l;of of]knfO{ ]vf . ~ ;fu gf) k"jd klZrddf :k]gg]l of]k clk|msfnfO{ 5fpg]
fkg gf) [;+)] sg} b]z, k|b]z, hUufhldg cflbsf] gfkgS;f ug]{ sfd ;e]{ . e"ld gf) [;+)
] != k[YjLsf] :ynefu e"ld hldg eOF{ wtL . @= 7fpF :yfg (hGde"ld, dft[e"ld cflb) . #=
sg} b]z jf e"efu (cfo{el" d, efte"ld cflb) . $= lnR5ljsfnLg e"ldsf] gfkf]cg;f Ps f]
kgLhltsf] kldf0f . %= af}4wd{sf xLgofgdf xg] rf, dxfofgdf xg] bz jh|ofgdf xg] t]x| c
:yf . ^= sg} j:tsf] cfwf jf cf>o:yn (k[i7e"ld, sd{el" d cflb) . &= 3sf] cnucnu v08
tnf eOt F{ nf . *= v]tL ug{ nfos hldg v]tLkftL ulg] hUuf . ~ PsLs0f gf) ;;fgf 6qmfd
f 5lPsf] hldgnfO{ lafP v]tLof]Uo agfpg] sfd . ~ sbDa gf) Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] hftsf] sbDa
. sDk gf) e"sDk e}Frfnf] . ~ s gf) tf]lsPdtflas ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{ hUufsf] s hUu
t . e"ldsf gf) [;+)] != sg} u|Gysf ;DaGwdf 1ftJo sf n]lvPsf], To;} u|Gysf cfDesf] jSt
Jo k|:tfjgf k|fSsyg, cfdv pkf]b\3ft dvaGw . @= sg} sf k|:tt ug{eGbf klxn] p7fOg]
;\u cfwfe"ld k"j{k|;\u . #= sg} JolQm jf j:tsf] of]ubfg . $= gf6s cflbdf kfqsf] cleg
jf sfo{ . %= rgf . ^= j]bfGtzf:qsf cg;f lrQsf kfFr cj:yf (lIfKt, d"9, ljlIfKt, P
sfu| lg?4) . ~ k|bz{g gf) jf:tljs hLjg;Fu ;dtf fVg] sg} JojxfnfO{ vf; k|;\udf cff]l
jf clego ug]{ sfObf vf; k|;\u, cj:yf jf 36gf;Fu ;Da4 rlqsf] clegofTds k|:tlt . e"l
dut lj) [;+)] hldgdlg x]sf] e"ue{df l:yt . ~ hn gf) hldgleq x]sf] kfgL . e"ld u[x gf
[;+)] txvfgf e"u[x . e"ldlR5b| gf) [;+)] k|frLgsfndf a|fXd0fnfO{ cWoog
964

cWofkg u] a fkt ;sfL saf6 d Q m uL lbOg] hUufhldg . e"ldlt gf) [;+)] e"ld jf If]qsf]
wftndf gfk ug]{ gS;f cflb tof ug]{ lj1fg e"dfkg ug]{ ljBf . e"ld b]jtf gf) [;+)] hUu
fhldgsf clwi7ftf jf ;+Ifs b]jtf . e"ld k|flKt gf) [;+)] hUufhldg kfpg] sfd . ~ clw
lgod gf) sg} sfdsf] cfjZostfk"lt{sf lglDt hldg lsGg] jf u|x0f ug]{ lgodsfgg e"ldk|
fKt ug]{ clwsf;DaGwL sfgg . e"ld aGws gf) [;+)] Aof\s cflb ;+:yfaf6 hUufhldg lwtf]
fv] C0f lng] sfd . e"ld ljv08g gf) [;+)] hldgnfO{ v]tafLsf kdf ;;fgf v08df 5ofpg] j
6S|ofpg] sfd . e"ld ;DaGwL lj) [;+)] hUufhldg;Fu ;DalGwt hUuf hldgsf] . ~ P]g gf)
df]xL hUufwgLsf clwsf ;t{ x sf] pNn] v uL b j } t km{ s f] ;DaGw ldnfpg] hUufhldg;
DaGwL clwsfsf] sfgg . e"ld ;wf gf) [;+)] hUufhldgsf] Gofok"0f{ ljt0f, Joj:yf, ;+If0
f cflb;DaGwL ;wfsfo{ . ~ P]g gf) e"ldkltxn] clwstd slt;Dd hldg fVg kfpg] df]xLxn] c
wstd slt;Dd hldg fVg kfpg] tyf df]xLxn] slt;Dd hldgsf] clwsf kfpg] eGg] Joj:yf ulPsf
] sfgg . ~ Joj:yf gf) hldgsf] pkef]udf plrt xb tf]sL ;wf Nofpg] lx;fan] tof ulg] t
yf hUufwgL df]xLsf aLrdf x]sf c;dfgtfnfO{ x6fpg] k|oTg ulg] e"ld;DaGwL ;sfL Joj:yf .
e"ldxLg lj) [;+)] cfgf] gfpFdf clwfHoe hUufhldg gePsf] ;sDaf;L ;j{xf/f . e"d ] gf
) e"ld] ls;fgxn] bfOF ul;s]kl5 k"hf ug]{ b]jtf e"ldb]jtf . ~ vfhf gf) e"d]k"hfdf vfh
f vfFbf e"d]sf lglDt 5fP flvg] vfhf . ~ kf7L gf) e"d]k"hf ubf{ sfl6g] kf7L . ~ kf7f]
gf) e"d]k"hf ubf{ sfl6g] kf7f] . ~ kfyL gf) wfg emfl;s]kl5 vn}af6 r]nLa]6LnfO{ egL
5fOg] kfyLefu . ~ efu gf) cGg leofpgeGbf klxn] e"ldb]jtfsf gfddf ck{0f ulg] efu .
e"oM lqm) lj) [;+)] != km]l kgM csf]{ kN6 . @= cem a9L rflxg]eGbf a9\tf . e"ozM lqm)
lj) [;+)] w]/}h;f] clwsf+ztM, k|fozM . e"o;L lqm) lj) [;+)] k|z:t w]e } Gbf w]} kof{K
. ~ blIf0ff gf) wfld{s cgi7fg, d\unsfo{, o1 cflb ul;s]kl5 a|fXd0fxnfO{ d"n blIf0ff
kl5 lbOg] ;xfos blIf0ff sg} o1sf] k|lti7f:jk lbOg] ljz]if blIf0ff .

965

e"/;Le]6 af}4wd{sf] k|rf ufpg] g]kfnsL fhsdfL xlttff @= x7of]udf k|oQm O{8f, lk\
D0ff gf8Lxsf] ;\ud:yn . #= cfFvLef}F e|" . e[u  gf) [;+)] != a|XdfhLsf dfg;kq dflg
Psf e[u uf]qsf k|jt{s Ps Clif . @= b}Tosnsf u? zqmfrfo{ . e[u \ gf) [;+)] eFjf]
. fh gf) ;]tf], gLnf] kx]Fnf] tLg sf] xg], kLf] tLtf] :jfbsf], cfFvf 6fpsf] b
cf}ifwLdf k|of]u xg] Ps hftsf] eO{+emf . e[u \ L gf) [;+)] != lzjhLsf k|dv  u0fd
Wo] Ps . @= edfsf] kf]yL . #= d"nfsf] kftsf] efj k]sf] unfkmL k"mn kmNg], agfP pmg
];d Fufpg] sfddf k|of]u xg] Ps k|sfsf] eOe F{ mf . fh gf) kx]n F f ftf k"mn
dl;gf kft xg] Ps hftsf] eO{Femf e[\ufh . e[ts gf) [;+)] != tna lnP sfd ug]{ JolQm
s . @= Hofnfbf . e[lt gf) [;+)] != e0fkf]if0f ug]{ sfd kfngkf]if0f . @= ;]jf gf]sL .
Hofnf dhbL . $= j]tg tna . %= d"No bfd . ^= cnUu} a;]sL kTgLnfO{ nf]Ug]n] e0fkf]if0
fsf lglDt ellbPsf] dfgfrfdn . &= lgjf{xeQf j[lQ . e[To gf) [;+)] != tna lnO{ sfd ug
]{ ;]js gf]s . lj) @= e0fkf]if0f ug{ of]Uo kfNgkg]{ . e]p gf) [k|f) e]c] != uKt x]s
] x:o e]b . @= sg} sfsf] af]w yfxfkQf] ;OFsf] . #= ;Demg] sfd xf]; x]Ssf d];f] .
[ e]p] != glhssf] 7fpF 5l5d]s @= xftf Onfsf . e]s@ gf) [;+)] != Eofutf] . @= 85]?jf
olQm . e]If0f gf) [;+)] r? tof ulPsf d"n kfqaf6 xjg ug{sf nflu lemlsg] kfq r?:yfnL .
e]v gf) [;+) j]if] e]if j]z . e]u gf) x]) e]s (7fpF); Onfsf . e]hf lj) [lx)] != lr7
L cflb k7fpg] k|i ] fs . gf) @= u7L jf o:t} wfld{s s[Todf ;fd"lxs kn] 33af6 p7fOg]
l;wf, blIf0ff cflb . e]6 \ g ;) lqm) [e]6 g] != vf]h]sf] jf lrtfPsf] JolQmnfO{ km]
nf kfg{ . @= dnfsft ug{ e]6 ug{ . #= k|fKt ug{ e]fpg kfpg . $= xfPsf] j:t xft
nfUg . %= afaLdf cfpg . c) lqm) ^= sfsfgL xg e]6 xg . &= kof{Kt xg kUg . e
6 gf) [k|f) le] != e]6g \ ] sfd e]6fO dnfsft ldng ;dfud . @= e]6L blIf0ff . #= sf];
L pkxf ghfgf . ~ 3 ljlzi6 txsf kfxgf;Fu e]63f6 tyf ;;Nnfx ug{ agfOPsf] 3 ;Tsfu[
) bO{ yL jf bO{

e";L gf) [;+) e"o;L] != ;a}lt clncln ulPsf] vr{ rfgrg] vr{ . @= e"o;L blIf0ff . e"fh
los lj) [;+)] e"fhgLlt;DaGwL ljifodf kf]Vt ePsf] . e"fhgLlt gf) [;+)] != kfi6sf :ynu
jifodf ;Gtng fVg] fhgLlt e"klj]li6t fi6xn] cFufNg] fhgLlt . @= b]zsf] ef}uf]lns cj
gfj6cgk cFuflng] fhgLlt . > e"fhgLlts lj) e"fhgLlt;Fu ;DalGwt e"fhgLltsf] . e"fh:j
;+)] hUufhldgaf6 dfnkf]tsf kdf c;n ePsf] ;sfL sd . e"l lj) [;+)] w]} Hofbf clws .
) [;+)] ef]hkqsf] v . kq gf) ef]hkq ef]hkft . e"nf]s { gf) [;+)] dTo{nf]s ;+;f . e
f) x]) en . r"s gf) x]) enrs . eno } f gf) x]) en en}of . e"nf]s gf) [;+)] e"
nf]s { dTo{nf]s . e"jf gf) x]) ejf . e"if0f gf) [;+)] != ;f}Gbo{ jf zf]ef a9fpg]
j:t . @= l;Fufk6fsf axd"No ;fwg uxgf cfe"if0f . > e"if0fLo lj) ;hfpg of]Uo l;Fufg{
fos . e"iff gf) [;+)] != e"if0f . @= ;fh;Hhf l;Fufk6f (h:tf] j]ze"iff) . > e"lift lj)
uxgfulofn] ;hfOPsf] l;FuflPsf] cn\s[t . e";+If0f gf) [;+)] != vla?jf f]k] jf kvf
flb nufP hUufhldgsf] ;Iff ug]{ sfd . e"; gf) != ;dodf lgA6fpgkg]{ sfdsfdf l9nf;:tL
xb F f ;DalGwt sfdsfaf6 xg] cfdbfgL, kmfObf cflb gxg] jf lau|g] l:ylt NofK; . @=
e; . e";tx gf) [;+)] hldgsf] aflx/L ;tx k[YjLsf] dflyNnf] efu . e":vng gf) [;+)]
af9Lklxf] cflbaf6 hUufhldg lvOFb} hfg] pTkfbgzLn df6f] aUb} hfg] l:ylt jf k|lqmof
e"If0f . e":jk gf) [;+)] wftnsf] agfj6 hldgsf] :jk e"cfs[lt . e":jfldTj gf) [;+)] e
L xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf hUufhldgsf] dflns xg] xs jf clwsf . e":jfdL gf) [;+)] hUufh
ldgsf] dflns hldgsf] :jfldTj ePsf] dflg; . e[s6  L gf) [;+)] != lnR5ljsfnLg k|l;4
fhf c+zjdf{sL 5f]L tyf ltAatsf fhf ;|r \ guDkf];u F laxf ePsL, ToxfF

e]6fOe]bg ;d"xsf aLrsf] ldng e]6\g] sfd dnfsft ;dfud . jftf{ gf) != fli6ocGtf{l
llrt jf gofF JolQml;t xg] ;Dks{ sfsfgL . @= e]6sf cj;df ePsf] cf}krfls tyf cgf}krfl
sf]sGyf] . #= To:tf] ;flxlTos tyf ;fdflhs rgf . e]6fO gf) [ e]6\ ( cfO)] e]6\g] efj, l
mof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] e]6fOg s) lqm) != e]6 ufOg . @= e]fOg kfOg . e]6fpg k|) ]
lqm) != e]6 ufpg e]6g \ nfpg . @= e]fpg . e]l6g c) lqm) != e]6 xg e]6g \  ldN
 . @= k|fKt xg kfpg km]nf kfg{ . s) lqm) #= e]6 ulg . e]6L gf) [e]6 O{] b]jb]jL
jf k"Ho JolQmnfO{ cfbk"js { r9fOg] gub tyf ;grfFbL b|Jo . 3f6L gf) b]jtf jf k"Ho
JolQmnfO{ >4fk"js { r9fOg] ?lkofFk; } f, b|Jo cflb . e]6l] gL lj) [c\)] kzf]usf] lrl
sT;f jf pkrf;DaGwL . ~ xl:k6n gf) kzlrlsT;fno . e]fO gf) [ e]fp ( cfO)] e]6fpg] lqmo
f k|lqmof . [ > ] e]fOg s) lqm) k|fKt ulg km]nf kflg . e]fpg ;) lqm) [e]6 \ cf
cl3 uPsfnfO{ kl5 hfg]n] km]nf kfg{ e]6g \  . @= xftnfuL ug{ k|fKt ug{ kfpg . #
= xfPsf] sf] jf j:t km]nf kfg{ . $= csf] afaLdf cfpg ;dsIfdf kUg . e]6g \  e
f] gf) [;+) j[Gt] kmn, k"mn, la?jf, kft cflbsf k]mbdf xg] 8fF7 j[Gt . e]8f lj) [e]8
f]sf] lt) )] x]) e]8f] . ~ afv|f gf) != e]8f jf afv|f| sf] ;d"x . @= of}g5f8f ePsf
s]6fs]6LnfO{ lt:sf ubf{ elgg] zAb . e]l8of lj) [e]8f] Oof] != e]8f]sf rfnsf] Psf]xf]f
. gf) @= e]8f] . ~ w;fg gf) sg} sfddf Psf]xf]f] kffn] nuftf nfUg] k|lqmof Psf]xf]f]
O jf v6fO kmn g;f]rL csf{sf] nx}nx}df nfUg] sfd . e]8L gf) [e]8f] O{] != e]8fsf] kf]
yL k kf]yL e]8f] . @= cfOdfO{nfO{ lt:sf ubf{ elg af]nL . ~ ufF7f] gf) s]6fs]6Lx 3]f
] em?Kk a;L Pp6fn] p7] 3Db} ufF7f] kf]sf] ?dfn s;}n] gb]Vg] lx;fan] Ps hgfsf] kl5
lNt fv] cfg} 7fpFdf uP a:g ;s] ?dfn v;fOPsf] dfG5] dg]{ ?dfn v;fNg]nfO{ v;flnPsfn] y
xf kfO{ aLr}df km]nf kfg{ ;s] ?dfn v;fNg] g} dg]{ uL v]lng] s]6fs]6Lsf] Ps v]n .
~ uf]7 gf) Joj;fosf kdf kflnPsf e]8fsf] ayfg e]8fkfngsf lglDt n]slt x]sf] uf]7 . ~ u
f]7fnf] gf) e]8fsf] vjfL ug]{ jf rfpg] JolQm . :qL) e]8Luf]7fNgL . ~ kmn gf) tL;b]lv
;f7L ;]lG6ld6;Dd cUnf], ;fwf0f 8Nnf cfsfsf kft xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg], ejfbf x
g] aosf] h:tf] emf xg] Ps hftsf] emf jf
966

To;}sf] k"mn . e]8 ] lj) [e]8f] P] Psf]xf]f] rfnn] nfUg] e]8fsf] h:tf] al4 ePsf] . ~
sf] gf) km;|f nfDrf kft em; ePsf emKk] k"mn kmNg] 5gf;fy nufdf 6fFl;g] sf]h
tsf] Ps emf To;}sf] k"mn . ~ ufF7f] gf) != e]8LufF7f] . @= ;f]rljrf} guLsg csf{sf] nx
}nx}df nfUg] sfd . e]8f] gf) [;+) e]8] hLpdf dl;gf, afSn} f}F xg], l; xg], EofEof
zAb lgsfNb} sfpg], l3p, b"w, df; cflbsf lglDt klg pkof]uL, 3kfnf rfv] kz d]if .
g gf) != e]8f]h:tf] Psf]xf]f] kffn] nfUg] afgL cGwf]kg . @= 7Ls a]7Ls 5fpg g;Sg] a
sal4 . e]8l \ sg c) lqm) [e]6\ O g] != sg} sfd ug{ tf]lsPsf] ;do jf lbg ;fx|} yf]}
sL xg . @= sg} sfd ug]{ a]nf laTg nfUg ca] xg 3ls{g . > e]8S \ ofO gf) != e]8l\
sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= e]8S \ ofpg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . e]8\SofOg s)lq
m) e]8\lsg] kflg . e]8\Sofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) ;do uhfg{ l9nf] ug{ e]6l\ sg] kfg
{ . e]b\g ;) lqm) [;+) e]b g] != s;}dfly tGqdGq k|of]u uL df]xgL nfpg 6gfdgf ug
{ . @= sg} j:tdf Kjfn kfg{ 5]8\g . #= nIoe]b ug{ . $= ldn]sf ;fyLxnfO{ k:kdf kmf6
f] kfg{ km6 ufpg . %= lrg{ 6S|ofpg sf6\g kmfg{ . e]b gf) [;+)] != Ps j:teGbf
csf]{ j:tdf xg] cGt leGgtf kms ljifdtf . @= sg} ljifo jf j:tsf] lsl;d k|sf . #=
n:t ug]{ sfd uf]Kotfe\u . $= Pscsf{df xg] ljf]w jf kmf6f] km6 . %= cfGtls sf]
ko{ . ^= sg} ljifoj:tsf] c+z jf v08 6qmf] . &= dGqsf] hfbuL 6gfdgf df]xgL . *= r
dTsf . e]bs lj) [;+)] != uf]Kotfe\u ug]{ x:o vf]Ng] . @= 5]8\g] Kjfn kfg]{ . #= lrg]{
kmfg]{ jf sf6\g] . $= e]bg ug]{ 5ofpg] . %= lgwf{0f ug]{ lgwf{s . ^= ]rs . :qL) e]l
sf . > e]bsfltzof]lQm gf) ;flxTodf cltzof]lQm cn\sfsf] pkd]o j0f{gdf e]b b]lvFbf kg
]{ Ps k|sf . e]bsfse]bsfL lj) [;+)] x]) e]bs . e]b1fg gf) [;+)] leGgtf jf }tefjsf] 1
. > e]b1fgL lj) e]b1fg ePsf] . e]bbzL{ lj) [;+)] != e]b b]Vg] leGgtf b]vfpg] . @= l
jZjnfO{ ka|XdeGbf leGg dfGg] }tjfbL . e]bb[li6 lj) [;+)] != e]bbzL{ . gf) @= e]bal4
. e]bg gf) [;+)] != sf6\g] sfd lrkmf 5]bg . @= 5]8\g] sfd . #= k:kdf km6fpg] sfd k
kfg]{ sfd . $= ]rg .

967

e]befje}j e]; gf) [;+) j]z] != nufkmf6f] j:q . @= klxg njfO afgf . #= cn] cfk"mnfO
g g;sg\ eGgfsf lglDt nufPsf] j:q agfj6L j]z . $= gfrdf s;}sf] cgs0f ug{ agfOPsf] s
[lqd k . %= ;fw;GGof;Lsf] kf];fs . > e];L lj) e]; lnPsf] e]; wf0f ug]{ . F n ]  gf
) eOP F{ ; F] n ] . e} F gf) [eOF{ < ;+) e"ld] eOF{ e"ld . P]; s6x eOs F{ 6 .
kmn gf) eOs F{ fkmn . sleG8f] eO{FsleG8f] . v ] lj) eO{Fv] . rDkf gf) e
. rL gf) eOr F{ L . rfnf] gf) HjfnfdvLlj:kmf]6g cflbsf sf0fn] k[YjLsf] ultdf c
g cfO{ ;tx xlNng] sfd e"sDk eO{Frfnf] . hn ] L gf) eO{Fh]nL . emf gf) eO{Fe
gf) eO{Fkmf . e}Fdfn gf) [;+) e"dfn] pRr 7fpFdf x]sf] ;dy hldg bO{lt gbL eO{ aLrd
sf] cUnf] ;dyofOnf] hUuf 6f . > e}Fdfn] lj) e}Fdfn k]sf] 7fpFsf] e}Fdfnsf] afl;Gbf
}n F f7] gf) [e}F nf7]] hldgsf] sfddf zfLls kl>d dfq ug]{, cGoqsf sg} sf yfxf gkfpg]
m ns k6d"v{ . e}; F fnf] gf) [e}F;L cfnf]] e}F;L kfNg] uf]7fnf] e}F;Lkfnf . e}; F L g
[;+) dlxifL] b"w, bxL, l3p cflbsf nflu 3df kflng], k|l;4 rf}kfof kfNt" hgfj fFufsf]
kf]yL . e}; F ] lj) [e}; F L P] e}; F Lh:tf] e}; F L;Fu ;DalGwt e}; F Lsf] . ~ rL gf)
e}; F LnfO{ af]nfpFbf k|of]u xg] x]Ox]O zAbem}F uL sfpg] Ps hftsf] rf] . ~ Rofp gf)
pd|g] tsfL vfg xg,] afSnf] vfnsf] Rofpljz]if . ~ t?n gf) h\undf xg] t?nsf] Ps hft
Ps k|sfsf] jgt?n . ~ ltn gf) cf] af]6 7"n7"nf v;|f] u]8f xg] Ps hftsf] ltn . ~ bfb
f) e}F;L a:g] cfxfnsf] lxnf] kfgLsf ;Dks{af6 zLdf pl5g] Ps k|sfsf] bfb . ~ kfxf gf) k
mf]xf] kfgL hDg] kf]vL jf e}F;L a:g] cfxfndf xg] Ps hftsf] 7"nf] vfnsf] Eofutf]
. ~ nxf] gf) k|l;4 ;f]dntf a6Lsf] Ps e]b . ~ ntf] gf) zLel 7"n7"nf kmf]sf p7] km6
} kfSt} ug]{ Stljsf jf rd{;DaGwL f]u . e}of gf) [efO P]of] != efO . @= e}ofb . e}ofte}
fb gf) [;+) e|ft[ bfob] efO, elthf cflb aGwju{ bfhefO sns6Da . e}j lj) [;+)] != e
fUbf] eo\s . gf) @= lzjhLsf] k|ydflb u0fdWo] Ps . #= uLt;"qsf ;Kt:jdWo] Cife w}jt sf
]dn xg], afFsL :j ;fdfGo xg], ljz]if uL zb\ Ctsf k|yd k|xdf ufOg] Ps fu ;\uLtsf 5
Wo] Ps . $= eo qf; . ~ kftL gf) x]) e}?DkftL .

e]befj gf) [;+)] != k|foM ;dfg dflgPsf JolQm jf j:txsf aLr ulg] jf ;lDemg] e]bsf]
ljrf kIfkft ug]{ efj . @= s;};Fu c;n s;};Fu vfa Jojxf ug]{ sfd kgkIf kIfkft . e]bfO
[ e]b\ ( cfO)] e]bg \ ] jf kmf6f] kfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] e]bfOg s) lqm) e]b ufO
g Kjfn kfg{ nfOg . e]bfpg k|]) lqm) e]b ufpg Kjfn kfg{ nfpg . e]bfe]b gf) [e]b \
cf e]b] \ k:kdf l;fu fv] bf]ifff]k0f ug]{ jf emu8f nfpg] sfd kf]nfkf]n . e]bfxf lj
fxf] e]bg \ ] 6gfdf]xgL ug]{ 6Gofxf e]bj  f. e]lbt lj) [;+)] != e]bg ulPsf] sfl6Ps
] . @= Kjfn kflPsf] 5]l8Psf] . e]lbg s)lqm) [e]b\ O g] != e]b\g] sfd ulg . @= Kjfn k
lg 5]l8g . e]lbof gf) [e]b Oof] != uKt kdf leqL sfx kQf nufpg] JolQm uKtr . @=
{ afgL ePsf] JolQm sf wTg] JolQm . e]bL lj) [;+)] != hf;;L sfd ug]{ uKtr . @= Kjfn
kfg]{ e]bg ug]{ 5]8\g] . #= 6gfdgfsf] sfd ug]{ tGqdGqff csf{dfly e]b ug]{ e]bfxf .
]bj  f lj) [e]b \ pjf] e]bfxf 6Gofxf . e]B lj) [;+)] != Kjfn kfg{ jf 5]8g \ plrt .
@= sf6\g nfos e]bg ug{ of]Uo . ~ rfg gf) kfgL l5g{ ;Sg] 9\uf . e]L gf) [;+)] != g]k
nsf] dWo klZrdf~rn If]qdf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 gbL . @= g]kfn clwfHosf] dWo klZrdf~rn lj
sf;If]qsf] Ps c~rn . @= k|frLg sfndf 0fIf]qdf ahfOg] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] 9f]n afhf .
e]n gf) [k|f) e]nd\] vf]nf, vf]N;f cflbdf jiff{sf sf0fn] pn]{ a9]sf] kfgLsf] k|jfx a
f9L . e]nf gf) [k|m]) e]n] yf]} pmg ldl;Psf] dl;gf] ejf xg] Ps k|sfsf] Gofgf] sk8
f . [k|f) e]n] w]} hgf Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf xg] sfd Psq xg] sfd hd36 a6nf] . ~ uLt gf)
;d"xuLt ;d"xufg . e]N8 gf) [c\)] blIf0f clk|msfsf] pRr ;d:ynLsf] ;dzLtf]i0f t[0fe"l
d . e]ze]if gf) [;+) j]z] klxg jf njfO klwfg cfs[lt k . e]ifh gf) [;+)] != cf}ifwL
. @= pkrf . #= kfgL hn . e]ifwfL lj) [;+) j]zwfL] j]ze"iff wf0f ug]{ j]zwfL . e]ifL
;+)] != e]if ePsf] e]ifwfL . @= e]if agfpg] (h:tf] 5e]ifL) .

e}/jLef]ujfbL e}jL gf) [;+)] != buf{ ejfgL b]jL . @= b; dxfljBfdWo] Ps . #= ;\uLtsf

ugLxdWo] Ps . ~ rqm gf) k~r dsfsf ljlwcg;f e}jL b]jLsf] k"hf ug{ rqmfsf kdf a;]sf j
fuL{ tflGqsxsf] d08nL e}jLo lj) [;+)] e}j;DaGwL e}jsf] . e}?DkftL gf) [ e}jkftL] l
]udf kfOg], w"kLsf h:tf dl;gf kft v}f 8fF7 xg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] kf]y|f] af]6 e}jkft
L . e}nSs] lj) ;emaem} gfvL af]Ng] KjfSs af]Ng] . e}lngL gf) [e}nf] OgL] sflt{s s[i0
f cf}F;Lsf lbg nIdLsf] ufyf d\un ufpFb} lxF8\g] gf/L;dbfo . lj) @= e}nf] ufpg] j
f e}nf] v]Ng] . e}nf] gf) [;+) eb| enf]] != sflt{s s[i0f cf}F;L cyf{t\ ufO{ltxfsf f
lt st}st} kl5;Dd klg ufOg], ljz]if k|sfsf] ufyf jf uLt . @= To:tf] ufyf ufP >4fn]
lbPsf] ;]nf]6L, ?lkofFk};f cflb dfUg] jf ;f+:s[lts pT;j dgfpg] sfd . e}ifh gf) [;+)
] cf}ifwL cf]vtL . > e}ifHo gf) != cf}ifwf]krf lrlsT;f . @= :jf:Yo cff]Uo k|bfg ug]{
zlQm . ef]r F f gf) [g]jf)] ;grfFbL cflb ufNbf cu]gfdf fv] ttfOg] efF8f] 3lof qml;a
. ef]! lj) af]) [;+)] dfGo hgnfO{ ulg] Ps k|sfsf] ;Daf]wg . ef]@ lj) af]) != sg} sf
cfk"m c3fO;s]sf] cj:yf JoSt ubf{ jf lemHofx6, 3[0ff, lgif]w cflb b]vfpFbf k|of]
u xg] cJoo zAb eof] (pbf) ef], dnfO{ 5sfpgkb}{g . pgn] af]n]sf] k"f xg t ef] Tol
Qs} . ef], kUof]) . @= dgUu] eof] kUof] . ef]s gf) [;+) aeIff] != eF8L sfpsfp
uL cfxffsf] cfjZostf k]sf] cgej vfg] OR5f Ifwf 52] . @= sg} sf kfpgsf lglDt pT
fiff OR5f . dL gf) ljz]iftM cGgsf] cefjdf ef]sef]s} dg]{ cj:yf . ~ x8tfn gf) sg} fh
ts jf ;fdflhs dfu k"f geP;Dd gvfg] k|lt1f uL clwsfLxsf ;dIf ljf]w b;f{pg] k|lqmof To;
ef]s} a;L ulg] x8tfn cgzg . ef]sfO gf) [ ef]s ( cfO)] ef]sfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[>] ef]sfOg c) lqm) ef]s nflug . ef]sfpg c) lqm) [ef]s cfp g] != ef]s nfUg s] vfp
mF s] vfpmF xg vfg dg nfUg . @= sg} of]Uo j:tkl| t pTs6 clenfiff hfUg rfxgf x
g . ef]sf] lj) [ef]s cf]] != vfg]sf gvfPsf] gvfO{sg ef]s} x]sf] . @= ef]usf] OR5fk"lt
gePsf] ef]usf] nfn;f hfu]sf] . ef]Ss gf) tfdfsf], dnLh:tf] kfL agfOPsf], kms] ahfO
]
968

nfDrf] Ps afhf afgf] . ef]StJo lj) [;+)] ef]u ug{ plrt ef]Ug nfos ef]Ugkg]{ . ef]St
f lj) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf ;vbMvsf cj:yfsf] ef]u ug]{ pkef]u ug]{ ef]Ug] . @= ef]hg
ug]{ vfg] . #= zf;g ug]{ zf;s . gf) $= ef]u ug]{ JolQm . %= fhf zf;s . ^= :qLsf] kl
t jf k|]dL . ef]u \ g ;) lqm) [;+) ef]u g] != hLjg hut\sf] ;vbMvsf ;a} kf6fsf] c
gej ug{ fd|fgfd|f ;a} sf v]Kg . @= sg} j:t jf l:yltsf] pkef]u ug{ . #= a]xf]g{
dg{ . $= :qL;Def]u ug{ ;xjf; ug{ . ef]u gf) [;+)] != ;vbMv cflbsf] cgej ug]{
sfd ef]ufO . @= kfk jf k0osf] kmn k|fAw . #= ;vbMvsf] cgej ug]{ b]x . $= sg} j:
t cfgf] clwsf jf pkof]udf Nofpg] sfd dgdflkmssf] rng . %= sg} u|x Ps} flzdf xg] ;do
f sfn . ^= vfg]sf] vfg] sfd eIf0f vjfO . &= b]jb]jL cflbnfO{ ck{0f ulg] g}j]B, aln cf
lb . *= zf;g fHo . (= ;dfud d}yg . !)= lnR5ljsfndf kzkfng u]afkt ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{
:ts . !!= cfgf] ;DklQdf c s;}sf] x:tIf]k gxL cfk"mv;L ug{ kfpg] l:ylt jf zlQm . ~
s gf) ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{ v]tLsf] pAhgL jf kzkfng;DaGwL s . ~ sfn gf) != sg} 36gf jf
fngLb]lv 6\UofpgL;Dd 3l6t xg] ;do (flzsf u|x cflbsf]) . @= ;vbMv cflb ef]lug]
k"f ;do . ~ rng gf) sg} j:tdfly k"} kdf cfgf] clwsfsf] k|of]u jf pkof]u ef]u rng
fd . ef]u6] gf) != Hofld hftsf] 8Nnf] 7"nf], afSnf] af]qmf ePsf], uf]n kmn xg], l;
nf] ulnof], lahn}lahnf ePsf] ubL nfUg] Ps hftsf] kmn kmf]S;] . @= xNsf xlof] sf
af6nf kmflsnf kft xg], kfStf ;]tf] kx]Fnf] sf dl;gf bfgf emKk}em  Kkf k] kmNg]
foM rf xhf lkm6eGbf dfly xg] Ps jg:klt To;}sf] kmn . #= ;]tf cfsfsf dl;gf bfgf emK
k}emKkf k] kmNg], kfs]kl5 S;L agfpg] sfddf k|of]u xg] Ps hftsf] kmn . ef]u kq gf)
C0f gkm5f{Pafkt ;fx"n] C0fLsf] ;DklQ u|x0f ug{ kfpg] xs ;Dkg] sfggL sfuh . ef]u
aGws gf) [;+)] ;fk6L lbPsf ?lkofFsf] ef]urng ug]{ uL lng]lbg] sfd . > ef]u aGwsL l
j) != ef]uaGwsdf k]sf] C0f rStf gxGh]n Aofhafkt aGwsL ef]u ug{ lbOPsf] . gf) @=
;f]cg;f ef]uaGws ePsf] td;s . ef]uefu gf) [;+)] efUojfbLsf cg;f hLjgn] ef]Ugkg
]{ ;vbMv, kfkk0o cflbsf] kmn efUosf] ef]u . ef]ujfbL lj) [;+)] ef}lts ;+;fs} ;vb
Mvdfly ljZjf; ug]{ knf]ssf] af]df ljZjf; gug]{ .

969

ef]uljnf;ef] ef]Ho lj) [;+)] != vfg of]Uo vfg nfos . gf) @= vfgsf lglDt pkoQm j:t e
f]hg vfB kbfy{ . ~ sfn gf) ef]hg ug]{ ;do vfg] a]nf . ef]6! gf) [c\)] sg} JolQm jf s
{ 5fGg lg0f{osf lglDt lbOg] :j}lR5s fo dt . ef]6@ gf) [;+) ef]6] g]kfnsf] pQlt k"jb {
l] v klZrd jfkf l;dfgf hf]l8Psf] Ps b]z tyf xfn hgjfbL u0ftGq rLgsf] :jzfl;t If]q
ltAat . ~ lrlgofF lj) ltAatL, lrlgofF, yfO{, ad]{nL, af]bf] s]gL efiffvns;DaGwL lrl
gofFltAatL . ~ ad]n { L lj) ef]6lrlgofF eflifs vnssf] (Ps zfvf) . > ef]l6of lj) !=
ef]6 d"n ePsf] (efiff, hflt cflb) . gf) @= ef]6 jf e6fg b]zsf] dfG5] ef]6] . ef
]6f gf) x]) e6fg . ef]6L gf) Ps hftsf] sfnf] sf] lxn] df5f] . ef]6 ] gf) [ef]6 P] !=
]6 jf ltAatd"nsf] k|l;4 hflt . @= To; hfltsf] dfG5] . lj) #= ef]6sf] ef]6;DaGwL .
$= ef]6df a;f]af; ug]{ ltAatL . :qL) ef]l6gL, ef]6]gL . ~ ss  gf) 7"nf] 6fpsf] o
fKNof\ k]sf eTnf xg] Ps hftsf] h\u] ss . ~ vo gf) sk8f, pmg cflb Fufpg] sfddf k
], ftf] xg] Ps hftsf] vo . ~ 3f]8f gf) n]sdf ljz]if uL ef]6ltaf6 cfpg] nfdf nfdf
f}F xg] Ps hftsf] 3f]8f . ~ tfNrf gf) 9f]sfsf v}dndf ;f\nf]df l5fP nfOg] 7"nf] vfns
f] tfNrf . ~ gg gf) ef]6af6 cfpg] Ps lsl;dsf] gg . ~ e]8f] gf) ef]6af6 cfpg] 7"n
7"nf l; ofKn] eTnf xg] Ps hftsf] e]8f] Eofn . ~ df;L{ gf) df;L{ wfgsf ljleGg e]b
] df]6f] vfnsf] df;L{ . ~ ;f\nf] gf) ss afFWg] sfddf k|of]u xg] df]6f] vfnsf] ;f\nf
. ~ ;]nf] gf) ef]6] jf tfdfxn] ufpg] nf]suLtsf] Ps ljz]if no ;]nf] . ef]6f] gf) bf}f
f afGsLsf] To;L g} tgf afFlwg] cufl8k5fl8 km] gePsf] tyf sddlg hfF3dfly;Dd dfq cf
pg] Ps kf];fs . ~ hfqf gf) a;]l{ g nlntksf] hfpnfv]ndf ftf dT:o]Gb|gfysf] yaf6 P]lt
xfl;s ef]6f] b]vfOg] Ps k|l;4 hfqf . ef]\g ;) lqm) [ef] g] != ef] ug{ af]g{ n;k;
. @= eb|uf]n kfg{ . ef]! gf) [;+) ljefjL] != k|ftMsfn laxfg . lqm) lj) @= laxfgLkv
;vf} . ef]@ gf) [;+) Jojxf] != emSofpg] jf emlSsg] sfd emsfg e|d . @= sg} sfdsf
cfpg] cJoj:yf u8a8L uf]ndfn . #= 5jf5"t af] . ~ hjf gf) aGb xg nfu]sf] ;dosf] cJo
jl:yt hjf .

ef]uljnf; gf) [;+)] zfLls jf OlGb|ohGo kdf xg] ;v;ljwfsf] clws ef]u P];cffd df]hd
. ef]ufO gf) [ ef]u\ ( cfO)] ef]Ug] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ef]ufOg s) lqm) e
f]Ug nfOg ef]Ug] kflg . ef]ufpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != bMvsi6 lbP r]tfpg sfa" kfg{
. @= ef]Ug nfpg . ef]lugL gf) [;+)] != vfln ef]usf nflu NofOPsL :jf:gL vf}6L . @= f
hfsL pkkTgL . #= ;lk{0fL . ef]lug s) lqm) [ef]u\ O g] ;vbMvsf] cgej ul/g . ef]u
L lj) [;+)] != Jojxfsf] bMv;v jf fd|f]gfd|f] ef]lu;s]sf] eStef]uL . @= OlGb|oxsf
ef]u ug{ rfxg] ef]uljnf;df nLg ePsf] ljnf;L . #= :qLxdf t :qLnDk6 . $= ef]u ug]{ vfg
. %= sg} sf c3f] dg kfpg] . gf) ^= ;vr}g, cfdf]bk|df]bdf nLg ePsf] dflg; ef]u ug]{
olQm . ef]Uo lj) [;+)] != ef]u ug{ plrt ef]Ug nfos . gf) @= ef]u ulg] jf ef]Ug ;lsg
] j:t . ef]h! gf) [;+) ef]hg] sg} rf8af8, lax]a6nf] cflbdf w]} dflg; ;lDdlnt eP vf
Og] ljz]if ef]hg et] ;xef]hg . ef]h@ gf) [;+)] eftsf] dfnjfIf]qdf fHo ug],{ sflnbf;sf
;dosf Ps k|l;4 bfgL, ljfg\ slj fhf . ef]hg gf) [;+)] != ef]slgjf0fsf lglDt ek]6 vfOg
vfg]sf] vfB kbfy{ . @= vfg] sfd eIf0f . #= ljz]if pT;j jf cj:yfdf vfOg] ef]het] . ~
e lj) ;fx|} w]} vfg] vGrjf . > ef]hgfno gf) != vfg]s f tof kfg]{ 3 jf sf]7f] ef
;xahfdf u|fxsxnfO{ eft vjfO{ k};f lng] Joj:yf ePsf] k;n xf]6n ] . ef]hgLo lj) ef]hg
ug{ plrt vfg nfos ef]Ho . ef]hkqef]hkft gf) [;+) e"h{kq] != kftnf] lrNnf] sfuth:tf]
kq}kq af]qmf] xg] Ps hftsf] demf}nf vfnsf] v ef]hkft . @= k|frLg sfndf n]Vgsf lgl
dQ sfutsf ;fdf k|of]u ulg] ;f]xL vsf] af]qmf] jf kq . ef]hk gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf] k"jf{
~rn ljsf;If]qcGtu{t sf];L c~rnsf] kxf8L e]sdf kg]{ Ps lhNnf To;sf] ;bdsfd . ef]h
et] gf) [e]fh et]] ljz]if pT;j jf kj{df w]} hgf ldn] vfg tof ulPsf] eftefG;f To:tf
xs ef]hg . ef]lhG;f] gf) af6nf kft xg], ;fgf xlof k"mn kmNg], sfnf] sf] Pp6} u]8f
] kmn nfUg], cfoj]{bdf ljiffn dflgPsf] Ps af]6 . ef]hL lj) [;+)] ef]hg ug]{ jf
vfg] (h:t} ldi6fGgef]hL, df+;ef]hL O)) . ef]h ] lj) [ef]h P] != ef]h dg k/fpg] ef]h v
f]Hb} lxF8\g] . @= w]/} vfg] .

ef]/;ef}d ef]; gf) [ef];f] ;xff, ef];f, cfwf (pvfg ufO{ eP uf];, efO eP ef];) ef]
( cfO)] ef] kfg]{ lqmofk|lqmof . > ef]fpg s) lqm) ef]g{ nfOg . ef]fpg k|) ] lqm) e
]g{ nfpg af]fpg . ef]lg s) lqm) ef]df klg ef] ulg . ef]hg { gf) [;+) ef]hg]
]s f] . (pbf) ef]s dL7f] ls ef]h{g dL7f] dxffh ) ef]tn { s gf) Ps hftsf] df5f]ljz]if
. ef]nf] { gf) sf]Ofnfsf cfsfsf 7"n7"nf kft xg], ;]tf k"mn kmNg] RofK6f nfDrf 6f6
f kmNg], kft bgf6kL ufF:g 3d 5fKg] sfddf k|of]u xg], nxfsf af]qmfaf6 kf6 lgsfln
g] Ps hftsf] nxfbf af]6 . ef]nf lj) != ;n :jefjsf] ;Lwf;fwf cfgLafgL ePsf] ;f]emf] e
dL ;fw . gf) @= lzj dxfb]j . > ef]nfpnf] lj) ef]nfefnf :jefjsf] enfbdL kffsf] . gfy
f) != lzj z\s . lj) @= 5nsk6 gePsf] dflg; ;fx|} ;n ;f]emf] JolQm . kg gf) ef]nf x
] efj, u0f jf cj:yf . efnf lj) 5nsk6 gePsf] ;Lwf;fwf lgisk6 . ef]ln lqm) lj) [;+) l
jefjL > ef]l] cfheGbf kl5 cfpg] klxnf] lbg cfpFbf] bf];|f] lbg cfpg] lbg csf]{ lbg .
kN6 lqm) lj) ef]lnsf] lbgdf cfpg] lbgdf . kN6} lqm) lj) csf]{ lbgleq} cfpg] lbgd} .
kl;{ lqm) lj) PsbO{ lbgkl5 eljiodf . a] gf) csf]{ lbg ef]lnkN6 . ef]n! ] gf) kmnf
f h:tf kft af]6 xg], kfpnfsf] crf vfOg] Ps hftsf] af]6 . ef]n@ ] gf) ef]nfs} csf
]{ k lzjhL, jdef]n], ef]n]afaf . ef]nl ] G6o gf) [c\)] :jo+;]js . ef]N6 gf) [c\)] j}
ts rfnszlQmsf] Psf+z kldf0f . ef]N6]h gf) [c\)] oGq cflbdf Jojx[t rfns zlQmsf] df]7
kldf0f . ef]N6f] gf) wgsfF8 rnfpg]xn] xftsf cf}Fnf gfLdf nfpg] 5fnfsf] ;fwg . wf
) ef]N6f] wf0f ug]{ JolQm ef]N6f] nfpg] wgsfF8f rnfpg] ;]gf . " ] cfFvLeO{F cfFvL
ef}F . ef}F gf) [;+) e|) ef}Ftflg c) lqm) [;+) e|ldt g] != cgfjZos kdf tyf ljgfp2]Zo
n] htftt} 3Dg nvfpg . @= x}fgL ef]Ug] uL bf}8w"kdf nfUg w]} lxF88ndf kg{ . ef}
fO gf) ef}Ftflg] rfn, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ef}K F jfn gf) [g]jf)] aOFunsf] efG;frnf
] rnfpg] 7fpFdf xfjf w"jfF kf; xf];\ eGg] x]tn] 5fgfdf cfwL uf]nf] kf] flvg] ofnh:t
f] Kjfn .
970

ef} F f gf) [;+) e|d] != dxfnLsf 5fF6sf] Ps k|sfsf] afhf . @= edf . ef}ule{s lj) [;+
] e"ue{;DaGwL e"ue{sf] wftnleqsf] agf]6;DaGwL . ef}uf]lns lj) [;+)] e"uf]n;Fu ;DalGw
t e"uf]nsf] . ef}Hof gf) [efph" of] != b]j efph"sf] cglrt ;DaGwaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg efp
]nf] . lj) @= efph";u F cglrt ;DaGw fVg] . ef}lts lj) [;+)] != k[YjL, ck, t]h, jf
o, cfsfzh:tf k~rdxfe" t tjaf6 ag] s f] k~rdxfe" t ;DaGwL . @= k[YjLsf ;a} u0fo
St kfly{j . #= xf8df;oQ  m zL;DaGwL k|f0fL;DaGwL e"t;DaGwL . tf gf) @= ef}lts kIf
f{Kt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ kljt{g gf) lj1fgsf k|lqmofcg;f sg} j:tsf] tf}n, cl:t
Tj cflbdf kms geO{ xg] kljt{g kfgL afkmdf, gg emf]ndf ablngh:tf ef} l ts kdf g} x
 g cfpg] kljt{ g . ~ e"uf]n gf) sg} b]z jf If]qsf] fhgLlt, hg3gTj, Jofkf cflb kIfnfO
{ g5f]O{ k|fs[lts agf]6 jf k pTkfbg cflb ljifonfO{ k|:tt ug]{ e"uf]n . ~ jftfj0f g
f) j:tkIf jf j:tut xg;xgsf] oyfy{ l:ylt afXo tyf b[Zo jftfj0f . jfb gf) cb[Zo kf
lss ;Qf jf O{ZjnfO{ gdfg] hLjg hut\sf j:t;TonfO{ g} dfGg] l;4fGt ef}lts u0f tyf l
gdf{0ftjnfO{ zfZjt dfGb} ef}lts hut\nfO{ kljt{gzLn tyf ljsf;zLn kdf ag] kbfy{af6} r
]tgfsf] ;[li6 ePsf] xf] egL dfGg] j}1flgs jf bfz{lgs l;4fGt jf dt . jfbL lj) ef}l
tsjfbsf] cgofoL jf ;dy{s ef}ltsjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] . ~ lj1fg gf) ef}lts tj jf j:txsf]
ljj]rg ljZn]if0fsf ;fy ltgsf] u0f 5fglag ulg] zf:q j:thut\sf] ;"qfTds cWoog ug]
{ lj1fg kbfy{lj1fg . ~ ljBf gf) != ef}lts zf:q ef}lts lj1fg . @= hfb6gf ug]{ ljBf O
Gb|hfn . #= d]sf dfG5]xsf] x+; hufO{ aftlrt ulg] ljBf e"t;fwgf ug]{ ljlw . $= e"tk|]t
cflbsf] afwf x6fpg] ljBf emfkms] tGqdGq . ~ zf:q gf) ef}lts lj1fg . ~ ;DklQ gf) ;sf
jf JolQmut sfof{no jf 3sf 6]an, bfh, uf8L cflb ljleGg crn j:t hUufhldg, ejg cflb
crn ;DklQ . ~ ;fwg gf) lzIf0f;+:yf cflbsf nflu cfjZos ejg, v]nd}bfg, kmlg{r, sf]7f
]h:tf ef}lts ;ljwfsf ;fdfgxsf] ;d"x . ef}d gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifsf cg;f gf} u|xdW
o] t];|f] u|x d\un . lj) != e"ldaf6 cfpg] . @= e"ld;DaGwL hUuf hldgsf] . jf gf) ;ft
Wo] t];f | ] jf d\unjf . > ef}lds lj) e"ld;DaGwL hldg;Fu ;DalGwt .

971

EofEof;Eof; Eof\nf] . Eof\Nof\uEof\Nof\ lqm) lj) [c) d") Eof\Nof\ u] != nufk

jf vf]lngfn] pbf\uf] xg] uL . @= 7"nf] ux|f}F j:t yrflg] jf k5flg] rfn;Fu . Eof6
f) [c\)] != j:tsf] vb d"No laqmL d"Nosf aLrsf] leGgtf d"No clej[l4s . @= j:t jf
;]jf laqmL xb F f k|To]s qm]tfn] ljqm]tfnfO{ ltb}{ hfg] s pkef]Qmfn] ltg]{ ck|ToI
f s . #= EofNo P8]8 6fS;sf] ;+lIfKt k . Eof6Eof6 lqm) lj) [c) d") Eof6\ c (l))] != r
?\uLn] kv]6f rnfpg jf p8\g vf]Hbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= df]6;fOsn cflb rNbf zAb lg:s]
. ~ Eof6Eof6] gf) != a9Ldf bO{ hgf r9\g ldNg] k]6f n ] af6 rNg] bO{ kf\u]| jfxg df
]6;fOlsn . lj) @= Eof6Eof6 cfjfh ug]{ . EoftEoft lqm) lj) [c) d") Eoft\ c (l))] != ba
ba] kbfy{ 58\sFbf jf kfStf zAb cfpg] uL . @= n]bf] kbfy{ v:tf zAb cfpg] lsl;dn] .
EoftEofttLEoftEoftL lqm) lj) l56l56f] EoftEoft u] . Eoftn gf) [g]jf) EofQn] ss{nfsf
;fFk|f, ;fukft cflb ld;fO{ ds} jf sf]bfsf] kL7f] ofnL babafpFbf] agfP vfOg] vfg]sf] P
s k|sfsf] vf]n] . EofQ lqm) lj) [c) d") Eoft\ t] != df]6f] e2f k]sf] j:t v:bf cfjfh
cfpg] uL . @= hLp8fn, cfsfk|sf cflb gldNg] eP . #= sfGnf], l8n cflb nRs] v:g] uL Eof
. EofQn gf) [g]jf)] x]) Eoftn . EofTn] lj) [Eoftn P] != Eoftn vfP hLljsf rnfpg] Eoftne
Gbf c yf]s vfg gkfpg] . @= df]6f] e2f Eof\n] (JolQm) . #= l56f]5ltf] jf kmlt{nf] ge
Psf] . EofTnf] lj) [Eoftn cf]] EofTn] Eof\nf] . EofG6f gf) [ eG6f] leF8f eG6f . EofG6
) 8Nnf], 8Nn] (v;f{gL) . Eof{ lqm) lj) [c) d") Eof\ ] != cwf]jfo lg:sFbf jf kvfnf nf
Ubf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= rfr?\uLn] Ps} kN6 kv]6f rnfpFbf jf p8\g nfUbf lg:sg] zAb .
EofN;f gf) vf] n f] tg{ nf 6fF u L e m G8fOPsf] sf]qmf]sf] bj}lt ;dfTg ldNg] lx;f
an] 8f]Ldf c8fOPsf] sf7 . EofN;L gf) [g]jf)] kfv|L 5fgf] ePsf 3df sdsf] uff] jf anf]b
] v wLsf] anf];Dd kUg] uL 5fgfsf 8fF8fef6f yfDg flvPsf] 7f8f] sf7 . Eof;Eof; lqm)
lj) [c) d") Eof;\ c (l))] != km:sf]

Eof lqm) lj) [c) d")] e]8f] sfPsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . EofO gf) [ Eofp ( cfO)] sg} sfd u
{ Eofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] EofOg s) lqm) lglZrt ;dodf sfd l;4fpg km;{b kf
Og . Eofpg ;) lqm) != sg} sfd ugf{sf lglDt ;do kfpg jf km;{bn] e]fpg leofpg . @
= ugk { g]{ sfd ug{ of]Uotf, ;fdYo{ cflb k|fKt ug{ . #= yfn]sf] sfd ;dod} 6\Uo
fpg jf ;Sg . Eofp;nf] gf) xflK;nf] . EofsEofs lqm) lj) [c) d") Eofs\ c (l))] aGrf],
v s L cflbn] wdfwd sf6\ g ] uL . EofsEofstLEofsEofsL lqm) lj) l56f]lk6f] EofsEof
kf] . Eofs gf) t?nsf] h:tf] nxf] nfDrf rf];}rf];f k]sf kft xg,] 7"nf] af6nf]
] k]sf] sGb kmNg] jg:kltljz]if To;}sf] ;]tf], kx]Fnf], gLnf] cflb xg] sGb . Eofsf]
gf) != afO{eGbf s]xL 7"nf] nf6f]sf];]f]h:t} ofK:ofSs k]sf], km;|f sf] eTnf xg] P
ftsf] rf] . lj) #= df]6f]3f6f] eO{sg hD;f] HofDtf] . #= uf]Hof\u|f] cwa];f |] . Eof
Ss lqm)lj) [c) d") es\ > Eofs\ s] eQ] rfnn] k|xf xg] jf cnkq eO{ n8\g], k5flg] rfnd
f . EofS;] gf) != ufF8 lg:sg cfF6]sf] h:tf] eP a9]sf] unf] . lj) @= a]5fF6n] a9]sf
] jf df]6fPsf] e2f . EofutL gf) [Eofutf] O{] 3f]8fsf 6fksf dfemdf xg] df;sf] 8Nn
f] ktnL . Eofut ] gf) [Eofutf] P] != bOb { l] v rf lkm6;Ddsf] prfO xg], Eofutfs
f dvsf cfsfsf ftf, ;]tf, gLnf kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg] Ps af]6 To;}sf] k"mn . @= ufO{e}F
;Lsf] 3fF6Ldf vl6f cfpg] Ps f]u . lj) #= Eofutf]h:tf] ky|Ss k]sf] awg] . ~ kmn
gf) kmf]x kfgLdf lrKnf] ofnofn k]sf] b]lvg], afaLsf h:tf dl;gf bfgf xg], Eofutfsf k
mn . Eofutf] gf) [;+) e]s] a;f{b nfu]kl5, cfxfn jf l;d;f 7fpFdf lg:sg] 8Nnf] hLp
rf vf xg], kR5 glg:sg], pk|mLpk|mL 66 uL sfpg] Ps yL hnhGt kfxf Aof . Eof
n]sfnL e]8f] ef]6]e]8f] . Eof\uEof\ lqm) lj) [c) d") Eof\ u] 7"nf] jf ux|\uf] j
s} kN6 cfjfh lg:sg] uL . Eof\n ] lj) [Eof\nf] P] != hLp8fn gldn]sf] 5fF6 gk]sf] Xjfn
@= kmlt{nf] jf l56f]5ltf] gePsf] nufkmf6f fd|L gnfpg] . Eof\nf] lj) Eof\n] EofTn
> Eof\Nof] lj) Eof\n]

Eof;lnge|fd/L vfnsf] df6f] jf j:t km6\t} v:g] uL . @= bnbnf] jf v s n f] hldg q

md} l ;t ufl8F b } hfg] rfnn] . > Eof;Eof;Eof;Eof;L lqm) lj) cem} l56f] Eof;Eof; e
P . Eof;lng gf) [c\)] 5fnf gd fVg blng] Ps k|sfsf] dnxd a};lng . Eof:; lqm) lj) [c)
Eof;\ ;] != xNsf vsn f] j:t PsfPs ufl8g] uL . @= km:sf] df6f] jf j:t PSsfl; v:g]
jf km6\g] lsl;dn] . EoF6 " gf) x]) lepF6 . e|z + gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t jf l:ylt
la:tf/} v:g] sfd ktg x|f; . @= kye|i6 xg] sfd dfu{af6 ljrlnt xg] l:ylt . #= gfz W
j+; . > e|l + zt lj) e|+z ePsf] tnlt v;]sf] v:s]sf] . @= e|i6 . e|z + L lj) != e|z +
jf ktg xg] v:g] . @= gfz xg] jf ug]{ e|i6 xg] . e|d gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifoj:tnfO
{ cs}{ ;Demg] l:ylt jf k|lqmof ldYof 1fg unt cfef; . @= z\sf ;Gb]x . #= e"n lafd . ~
fn gf) j]bfGtjfbLxn] hLjg hut\nfO{ e|d 7fGg] sfd dfofhfn df]xkfz . ~ lgjf0f gf) ws
g/x]sf] cj:yf e|d x6fpg] sfd . e|d0f gf) [;+)] != 3dlkm jf 8nlkm ug]{ sfd glhs jf
6f9fsf] cfOhfO . @= b]zb]zfjsf] ljr0f b]zf6g . #= ofqf ;km . ~ cfb]z gf) sfof{non] s;
nfO{ cfjZos sfddf st} v6fpFbf olt ;do;Dd o;o; ;fwgff oxfF;Dd hfg] egL eQf;d]t lbO{
k|bfg ulg] cf}krfls kq e|d0fsf] cgdlt k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfut . ~ s]Gb| gf) ko{6sxnfO{ cf
slif{t kfg{ ;Sg] 7fpF ko{6sn] d"n s]Gb| dfg]sf] 7fpF . ~ k]:sL gf) sfof{noff s;}nfO{
e|d0fdf k7fpFbf clu|d kdf lbOg] sd e|d0fdf hfgcufj} kfOg] sd . ~ eQf gf) sfh vl6O{
hfg] JolQmn] lgodadf]lhd kfpg] e|d0fsf cjlwsf] yk ;ljwf sfhefQ . ~ ;fwg gf) e|d0f
ubf{ k|of]u ulg] ]n, df]6, xjfO{hxfh, k}bfn cflb ;fwg . e|d d"ns lj) [;+)] d"n kdf e
|d kfg]{ e|dsf sf0fn] plAhPsf] . e|d gf) [;+)] edf] eFjf] . e|dfTds lj) [;+)] != e|
Gg ePsf] e|dd"ns e|d k}bf ug]{ . tf gf) e|dfTds xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . e|ldt lj) [;+
)] != kmgkmgL 3d]sf] rSsfPsf] . @= e|ddf k]sf] e"n k]sf] . e|dL lj) [;+)] != rSs nf
kmgkmgtL 3Dg] . @= e|ddf k]sf] rSs/fPsf] . e|i6 lj) [;+)] != sxLFaf6 ofQ v;]sf] Rot
ePsf] lu]sf] .
972

@= cfr0f cgzf;gaf6 tn em]sf] bZrlq . #= ckljq b"lift . $= lau|]sf] ljgfz ePsf] .

|i6f gf) rlq jf cfr0f e|i6 ePsL gfL bZrlq :qL sn6f . e|i6fr0f gf) gLltlgodn] dgf
ojxf sfggn] lgif]w u]sf] cfr0f bfr0f . e|i6frf gf) [;+)] != kltt cfr0f b"lift
lgod jf sfgglj?4 g}lts ktg xg] sfd uL 3"; vfO{ kIfkftk"0f{ lg0f{o Jojxf ug]{ sf
d e|i6 dg;fo jf 3;vf]Lsf] sfd . ~ lgjf0f gf) ef}lts jf g}lts kdf xg] e|i6frfnfO{ f
] sfd 3";vf]L cj}w Jojxf xg] jftfj0fnfO{ x6fpg] sfd . ~ lgjf0f cfof]u gf) k|zf;lgs
]qaf6 xg] e|i6frf, l9nf;:tL, 3";vf]L cflb lgjf0f ug]{ p2]Zon] klxn] ul7t ljz]if ;
ldlt . > e|i6frfL lj) e|i6frf ug]{ cfr0f ePsf] g}lts ef}lts bj} kdf cfr0fsf] ktg
. e|ftf gf) [;+)] != Ps} ue{af6 jf Pp6} afasf 5f]f eP hGd]sf bfh jf efO ;xf]b bfh
jf efO . @= aGwju{ . #= ;dfg :tsf k?ifnfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb . e|ft[ gf) [;+)] x]
) e|ftf . s lj) bfh jf efO ePsf] (h:t} ;e|ft[s) . h gf) != elthf] . @= ebf] . hfo
gf) != bfh jf efOsL kTgL . @= efph" jf axfL . Tj gf) bfhefOdf xg] cfTdLotf e|ft[e
fjsf] ;DaGw . ~ ltLof gf) sflt{s zSnkIfsf] ltLof efO6Lsf efOltxf . ~ efj gf) bfhef
xg] cfTdLo :g]x e|ft[Tj . e|fGt lj) [;+)] != en]sf] e|ddf k]sf] . @= b]zb]zfj 3dlk
u]sf] rSs vfPsf] 3d]sf] . > e|fGtfkXglt gf) e|d kbf{ e|d x6fpsf nflu ;To sf atfpFb
g] Ps sfJofn\sf ckXglt cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . e|flGt gf) [;+)] != sg} sf] b]Vbf jf ;
t} csf]{ sfsf] efg xg] cj:yf sg} sfsf] cfef; . @= rSs e|d0f 3dlkm . #= dfgl;s c
cfpg] e|d . $= e"nr"s ;fdfGo uNtL . $= pkdfgnfO{ b]v] pkd]osf] e|d kbf{ xg] Ps c
yf{n\sf . > e|flGtdfg\ lj) != e|flGt ePsf] e|doQm . @= 3d]sf] rSsfpFb} u]sf] . gf)
e|flGt gfdsf] cyf{n\sf . e|fds lj) [;+)] != e|d pTkGg ufpg] e|ddf kfg]{ . @= z\sf pT
Gg ug]{ ;Gb]xsfs . #= 3dfpg] rSs nufpg] lFufpg] . e|fdL gf) [;+)] != ci6of]lugL bz
d\unsL kTgL dflgg], hDdf rf jif{ kfnf] xg] Ps of]lugL . @= buf{sf] Ps gfd . sf] b
zf gf) otf ptf ef}Ftflxg kg]{ cj:yf .

973

e|s  z + Ejf:; sf0fsf cfj]un] zLdf pTkGg xg] Hjfnf . EjfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") es > E
jfs\ s] tLvf] rfnn] EjfSs eP . Ejf gf) [;+) e\u] != sg} j:t jf 7fpFdf kmf6], lrlP
l;dn] k]sf] 7"nf] Kjfn 7"nf] Kjfn jf bnf] . @= e8vff] vf8n . kfn gf) 7"nf] 8nfUb
nf] 6fNg g;lsg] vf8n . Ejf;L gf) v]tafL jf cGo hUufhldgdf k]sf] 7"nf] k|fs[lts vf8n
S;L . Ejf\uEjf\ lqm) lj) [c) d") Ejf\ u] != 7"nf] jf ux|f}F j:t ahflFbf zAb cfpg]
"nf] vfnL ePsf] Kjfndf sg} j:t aHbf cfjfh cfpg] lsl;dn] . #= 7"nf] ss Ps} kN6 eSbf
sf] cfjfh lg:s] . Ejfnfv] gf) [g]jf)] != nfv] gfrdf gfRg] JolQmnfO{ lh:Sofpg] k8\s
f] JolQm nfv] gfrsf] 9F6jf] . lj) @= 9F6jf]h:tf] . EjfQ lqm) lj) [c) d") Ejft\ t] tL
vf] rfnn] EofQ xg] uL . Ejf{ lqm) lj) [c) d") Ejf\ ] tLvf] kdf Eof{ xg] uL . Ejf:
j) [c) d") Ejf;\ ;] != of:; k]sf] j:t jf df6f cflbsf] 8Nnf] v:bf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @=
vsn f] kf]sf]kGtf] Ps} kN6 kmSbf tLvf] zAb lg:s] . #= w"nf], w"jfF cflb p8\g]
rfnn] .

e|s  z + gf) [;+)] cfOdfO{sf kf];fs nufP gfRg] nf]Ug]dfG5] g6 df?gL . e|s  6  L
gf) [;+)] != bj} cfFvfeGbf dfly kg]{ f}F knfPsf] 7fpF cfFvLef}F . @= O{8f, lk\unf
;ifD0ff gf8Lsf] ;\ud:yn rGb|d08n . e| " gf) [;+)] bj} cfFvfsf dflyNnfkl 5f]6f5f]6
f ]vL knfpg] 7fpF cfFvLeOF{ . s6L gf) cfFvLeOF{ e[s6 L . If]k gf) l; jf cfj]
] cfFvLef}Fsf] vDRofO e|"e\u . e|0 " f gf) [;+)] kf7]3df x]sf] ;fngfn;lxtsf] aRrf] h
h hGtsf] k]6df x]sf] ljsf;zLn cj:yfsf] ue{ k]6sf] gfgL . ~ xTof gf) != cf}ifwf]kr
fsf] k|of]uaf6 ue{df x]sf lzzsf] xTof ue{ ktg ug]{ sfd ue{kft . @= wd{;\s6df k]sf] c
:yf ;fx|} c;lhnf] sfd . e|e " \u gf) [;+)] cfFvLeO{Fsf] e\ludf . e|d " Wo gf) [;+)]
bO{ cfFvfsf aLrsf] gfssf] 8fF8L lgwfdf hf]l8g] 7fpF cfFvLeOs F{ f] hf]gL{ . EjfF
s lqm) lj) [c) d") EjfFs \ c] EjfFs\sf] cfjfhsf ;fydf EjfFSs . > EjfFSs lqm) lj) !=
cwf]jfo 5f]8\bf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= df]6 cflbsf] xg{ aHg] lsl;dn] . EjfFk}7gf gf) [
yf)] != yf ;dfhdf 3HjfOF a:g] rng . @= 3HjfOF . EjfFnf gf) [;+) Hjfnf] a9L kl>d, qmf]
w jf cGo sg}

dds}
974

d
d! b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] Jo~hgj0f{dWo] kRrL;f}F j0f{ cf]i7,
;3f]if, cNkk|f0f, cggfl;s Wjlg kju{sf] clGtd tyf kfFrf}F j0f{ jf cIf/ n]Vo kdf ;f]
j0f{ jf cIf/sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg fd|f] d . d@ ;j{) [;+) cxd\] Jofs0fdf pQd
k?ifsf] PsjrgnfO{ aemfpg] ;j{gfd zAb cfk"m :jod\ . dOg gf) x]) d}g . dOG6f]n gf) [
c\) d}g6n] nflN6gdf h:t} d6Lt]n xfn] hfnL ;NsfO{ bd lbP aflng] rxs k|z:t ePsf] aQL
(k]6f d ] fS;) . dOdQ lj) x]) d}dQ . dO{ gf) [c\) d]] u|]uf]L kfqf]cg;f jif{sf] kfFr
}F dlxgf j}zfvsf] cfwfcfwLb]lv ;? eP h]7sf] cfwfcfwL;Dd kg]{ O:jL jif{sf] dlxgf .
dsds lqm) lj) [c) d") ds\ c (l))] != k]jf 3bf{sf] cfjfh lg:sg] uL jf ;f] 3fOsf] rfn
Fu . @= bfFt gxFbf clncln rkfP . #= ;bL{, afy, hf] cflbn] cfcl7 bVg] uL . > dsdsfO
dsdsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . dsdsfpg c) lqm) != ;bL{, afy, hf] cflbn] cfcl7 bVg .
@= dsds xg . dsdlsg c) lqm) clncln rkfOg dsds xg . dsdSofO gf) dsdlsg] tyf ds
dSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . dsdSofOg s)lqm) dsdSofpg] sfd ul/g . dsdSofpg ;) lqm
) bfFt gxb F f bgf;fff clncln rkfpg . dsdSofx6 gf) dsdSofpg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmof ds
dSofO . ds gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifsf] afx| flzdWo] wgeGbf kl5 sDeeGbf cl3 kg]{ b;f}F
lz . @= ds;\qmflGtb]lv k|fDe xg] dlxgf df3 dlxgf . #= 7"nf] 8nfUbf] Ps hnhGt . $=
|fx . %= df5f] . ^= sa]sf gf} lglwdWo] Ps . sfrL gf) ltp]sf 9asf u'nfkmL jf ;]tf k"m
k'mNg], k'?gLsf h:tf sn]hL
sf l5sf{ldsf{ k]sf P]F;]n'sf cfsfsf kft x'g], ljz]if uL
Lkxfdf knfpg], To;} jf crf agfP vfg x'g] cldnf] ; ePsf] a'6f] . Wjh gf) != kff]af6
rGb|f]bo gfdsf] cfo'j]{bLo ;f}ifw . @= sfdb]j . #= k'f0fcg';f xg'dfg\kq ' dflgg] c
lxfj0fsf] fkfn . > dsGb gf) != k"mnsf k'ikk'6df xg] u'lnof] ; k'ikdw' . @= k"mnsf]
hNs . ~ flz gf) Hof]ltif zf:qcg';f afx|flzdWo] b;f}F flz pQfiff9fsf] kl5Nnf tLg r0f
f k'} wlgi7fsf] cfwf;Ddsf] gIfqut cjlw . ~ ]vf gf) e"uf]n cyjf Hof]ltifsf cg';f ljif
'jt\]vfb]lv ;f9] t]O; c+z blIf0fdf kg]{ Ps ]vf ss{6]vfsf] 7Ls ljkLt ]vf . ~ ;
\qmflGt
;"o{n] dsflzdf k|j]z u]sf] ;do jf lbg df3] ;u|fFtL . dsn gf) [g]jf) dsn < ;+) dSsn]
fuf] afn] jf uf]n xfn] tflkg] cfLsf 5fF6sf] wft' jf df6fsf] efF8f] af];L{ c6n . dsjfg
k' gf) g]kfnsf] gffo0fL c~rndf kg]{ Ps kxf8L lhNnf P]ltxfl;s b[li6n] dxjk"0f{ dflgg]
dsjfgk'] fhfxn] cfgf] fhwfgL agfPsf] 7fpF . ~ u9L gf) dsjfgk' lhNnfdf kg]{, ;]gj+zL
fgk'] fhfxsf kfnfdf ag]sf] b'u{ jf lsNnf . > dsjfgk'] lj) dsjfgk'l;t ;DalGwt dsjfgk'
sjfgL . dsjfgL lj) [dsjfg (dsjfgk') O{] != dsjfgk';Fu ;DalGwt dsjfgk'] . @= dsjfgk's
afl;Gbf . dsfO gf) [ dsfp (cfO)] dsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . dsfpg' c) lqm) lr;f], kfg
L, df6f], wldf cflbsf ;Dks{n] sg} j:t' uNb} hfg' ;8\g' k'fgf] x'g' . dsf gf) [;+)] !
If kju{sf] clGtd j0f{ . dsfn' gf) sf];L c~rnsf] pQklZrd ;Ldfdf kg]{ sDes0f{ lxdfnsf]
&,&%( lkm6 cUnf] Ps rrf] . dlsg c) lqm) [dsfp O g] dsfpg . dsg  gf) [;+) dTs0f]
fjfsf] pd] gf3]sf] t bfx|f] gcfPsf] hjfg xfQL . dsG8f] gf)x]) dvG8f] . dsnf afF;
gf) [;+) dsn j+z] s7afF; . ds} gf) [;+) ds{6 > dSs8 > dSso] hg]nfsf cfsfsf kft x
g], rfb]lv b; lkm6;Dd cUnf] ;nSs k]sf] l7\uf] af]6 xg], ;lk|Pdf bO{tLg 3f]uf;Dd
nfUg], 3f]ufsf aflx vf]:6fn] 9fSg] 6Kkfdf hF3f nfUg], vf]ofdf ;]tf kx]Fnf sf u]8f
kmNg] Ps af]6 afLdf kmNg] dVo cGg . ~ lsf] gf) ds} kmn] kfSg] a]nfdf cfpg] Ps yL sL
nf6f . ~ rL gf) ds}dfq pAhfO{ hLjg kfNg] JolQm ds}sf edf hLjg ofkg ug]{ JolQm . ~ kj
{ gf) lj) ;+) !(&&df ds}sf] v]tL k:ts n]va ] fkt To;;Fu ;DalGwt s[i0fnfn ;lxt n]vsxn
fO{ f0ffxff bdg, pTkL8g ulPsf] kj{ . ~ af]8L gf) ds} kfSg] a]nfdf ds}afLleq kmNg], n
tgfh:tf tGb| \ k]sf sf];f nfUg], tsfL vfOg] ;s]kl5 bfn;d]t vfg ldNg] Ps hftsf] nx

975

dsf]O { du|fxf dvf}f] gf) [dfvf] cf}f]] nf}Lsf 6Kkfdf sfutsf 6qmf, 3f]8fsf kR5sf]
cflb afFw] agfOPsf], lemFuf cflb wkfOg] rdh:tf] ;fwg . dVofxf gf) [dfvf] ofxf] dvdf
lg:sg] sf]7Lh:tf dl;gf vfnsf sfnf bfu . dVn] gf) rfdn s6] jf lkFw] ar]sf] slgsf . du
h gf) [c) dUh] != dl:tis lubL . @= cSsn lbdfu al4 . du0f gf) [;+)] 5Gbzf:qcg;f tLg}
6f u? xg] u0f (SSS) . dug lj) [;+) dUg] dUg . d:t lj) ;v jf xif{df 8a]sf] xif{l
jXjn . d:tL gf) cfgGbflt]s . dugL gf) [dfu\ cgL] != sg} j:tsf] ofrgf dfUg] sfd . @=
luPsf] jf dfUbf kfPsf] rLh . #= fO{, lnDa cflbsf ;dfhdf sGofyL{ xg]n] klxnf] kN
6 hfF8, S;L, svf cflb sf];]nL nfg] LtefFt . $= g]kfn t/fO{sf dw];L ;dbfodf s]6L df
Ug hfg] sfd . duGtfduGt] gf) [dfu\ cGtfcGt]] != dfu] hLljsf rnfpg] dfuL vfg] . @= dfu]
} edf 6fg{ vf]Hg] . #= s\ufn km\lg ula . dudu lqm) lj) [c) d") du\ c (l))] dL7f]
lng] uL af:gf cfpg] lsl;dn] . > dudutLduduL lqm) lj) dudufP af:gf cfpg] uL . du gf)
) a)] g]kfnsf] dWoklZrdL kxf8L If]qdf a:g] ef]6ad]{nL eflifs ;d"xsf] Ps hflt dufts
f cflbjf;L . > duftduft gf) ljz]if kdf duxsf] a;f]af;f] tyf k|frLg fHo ePsf] If]q
j) [k|f) ;+) dfuwL] != duwk|bz ] df x'g] duw k|b]z;DaGwL . @= duwjf;L . #= duwk|fG
tdf xg], c;n Ps hftsf] kfg . dufO gf) [ dfu\ ( cfO)] != dfUg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [d
ufp cfO] @= dufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dufOg s) lqm) dfUg nfOg lemsfOg . duf
pg k|) ] lqm) 6f9fsf] dflg; jf j:t k7fpg] jf cfpg] kfg{ dfUg nfpg lemsfpg . dl
uof gf) g]kfndf xg], wf]aL hfltsf] Ps ju{ jf e]b . dUg lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf l
rGtgdf 8as ] f] tGdo tNnLg . @= ;v;ondf n d:t . ~ d:t lj) != ;v ;ondf 8a]sf] xif
Xjn . @= ;v;DkGgtfn] dflQPsf] . #= gzfn j:tdf lglZrGt . du|fxf gf) [;+) ds cfxf]
!= k|foM uf]xLsf] em}F ytg  f]af6 emg]{ sf7, 9u \ f jf wftsf] wff] . (pbf) lxpF
b tftf] avf{ lr;f] du|fxfsf] kfgL;v wL bMv wL ;Hhgsf] afgL) .

;f]xL nxfsf sf];f jf u]8f . dsf]O{ gf) [;+) drL] vf];f{gLsf h:tf kft kx]Fnf sf k"mn
xg], v}f sf vf]:6fleq uf]n kmn kmNg], 8fF7sf aLraLrdf ufF7f xg] Ps af]6 To;} af]6d
f kmNg] kmn . dSv lj) [kmf) d:t] != cfgGb, xif{ cflbn] n k]sf] km?Ss k]sf] d:t lqm)
j) @= cfgGb jf xif{n] d:t xg] uL km?Ss k] . dSvg gf) x]) dvg! . dSvL gf) [;+) dlIfs
] != dfvf] lemFuf] . @= sfFqmf], abfd cflb vfFbf ;fyLxn] gb]Vg] uL yf]} nsfP vfO;s]k
l5 b]vfO{ ls of] vf, ls olt b08 lt\ egL c8\sf] yfKg flvg] c+z dvL . ~ r; lj) != e;s
mFufsf vfdf nfu]sf] rLh klg r; ] vfg] vfnsf] ;fx|} nf]eL b|Jolkzfr sGh; s[k0f . @=
dxfsf] 5Rrf] . ~ a ] lj) ;]tf] eO{Fdf lemFuf a;]h:tf] b]lvg] af ePsf] lemFufsf
cfsfsf] af ePsf] (sk8f, rf]nf] cflb) . dSofO gf) [dls ofO] dlsg] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . dSNofsdSns lqm) lj) [c) d") (l)) dSns \ c] vfg]s f dsdSofpg] jf To;f] ubf{
zAb lg:sg] uL . dlIfsf gf) [;+)] != lemFuf] dSvL . @= dfxL . dvg! gf) [k|f) dSv0f <
;+) d|If0f] b"w jf bxL dy] lgsflng] afSnf], lrNnf] ;fkbfy{ gf}gL gjgLt dSvg . dvg@ g
) x]) dvfgf . dvdn gf) [c)] Psfkl gd ejf fvL csf{lt lrNnf] xg] uL algPsf] Ps hftsf
, c;n, df]6f] ];dL sk8f . dvdnL gf) [dvdn O{] != bO{tLg lkm6;Ddsf] cUnf], ftf 8fF7 x
g] nfDrf kft xg], v;|f uf9f ;]tf jf ftf sf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 ;f]xL af]6sf
] k|l;4 k"mn . lj) @= dvdn;DaGwL . #= dvdnsf 5fF6sf] . ~ lsf] gf) jiff{sfndf cfpg]
ftf] sf] Ps hftsf] sLf] OGb|uf]k . dvfgf gf) kfgL jf l;d;f hUufdf pd|g], aLh e6]
f] kdf vfOg] Ps hftsf] nxf] ;f]xL nxfsf ufF7fdf kmNg] kmn dvg . dlva ] lj) dfvfem}F
ePsf] . dvL gf) x]) dSvL . ~ r; lj) dSvLr; . dvG8L lj) [dvG8f] O{] != sfd ug]{ 9\
u jf ;Lk gePsf] l;sf? dvG8L . @= dvG8f] nfpg] dvG8f]wfL . dvG8] lj) [dvG8f] P] !=
vG8f] nufP v]Ng] jf gfRg] dvG8f] leg]{ . @= dvn] Pp6f sfdn] csf]{ sf ug]{ . dvG8
f] gf) nfv] jf 9F6jf]n] ;snL r]xf l5kfpg dvdf nufpg], b]jb]jtf, fIf; cflbsf cgxfsf]
s[lqd ;fwg dvG8L dsG8f] . wfL lj) dvG8f] nfpg] .

d3fdRrg @= emLsf] kfgL k xofpgnfO{ l6g jf lemFu6Lsf 5fgfdf vf;vf; 7fpFdf hl8g] ljz]
f k|sfsf] 8F8 . d3f gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifdf ;QfO; gIfqxdWo] b;f}F gIfq cZn]iff k"jf{km
fNugL gIfqsf aLrdf kg]{ gIfq . d3} gf) [k|f) duxL] duxL duw . ~ a\unf gf) e]6g \ f
nfdf xg] Ps hftsf] kfg cDn;f . d3}of gf) [k|f) duxL < ;+) duw] != k|frLg sfndf :t
lt, ufyf cflb ufP hLjgj[lQ ug]{ Ps hflt . @= Ps c;n hftsf] kfg duxL . ~ lhf gf) dl;g
f bfgf xg] Ps hftsf] hLf . d3};frL gf) [duxL > d3};fFrL] af6'nf vfnsf c;n hftsf] kf
g >Ljf6L . d
\un gf) [;+)] != z'e nIf0fn] o'Qm, z'e x'g] tyf >]osfL dflgg] sg} klg sfd
jf sf] sNof0f lxt enfO . @= ;f}d08nsf] Ps k|l;4 u|x gju|xdWo] Ps ef}d . #= pQm u|x
ddf x]sf], ;ft jfdWo] t];f| ] jf ;f]djf a'wjfsf aLrsf] jf . $= z'e cj;, zsg jf n
) %= sNof0fsfL enf] x'g] lxts . ^= z'e nIf0fn] o'Qm . ~ sd{ gf) sg} sfo{ lglj{g k"0f
f];\ egL ulg] u0f]z, ;:jtL cflbsf] k"hf tyf k|fy{gf df
\ulns sd{ . ~ snz gf) != z'esfo
{sf cj;df b]jtfsf ;Gd'v flvg] hnk"0f{ snz . @= d
\un jf ;u'gsf lglDt f, dfu{, k"hf:yfg
cflbdf flvg] hnk"0f{ 38f . ~ sfdgf gf) z'e jf enf] lrtfpg] sfd z'esfdgf . sfssfL
n jf enfO ug]{ sNof0fsfL . ~ sfo{ gf) ljjfxj|taGwh:tf zesfo{ . ufguLt gf) ze cj;
Og] uLt . ~ u|x gf) != ;f}d08ndf x]sf] Ps u|x gju|xdWo]sf] Ps u|x . @= zeu|x sNof0fs
fL kmn k|bfg ug]{ u|x . ~ Wjlg gf) ze cj;df ahfOg] afhfsf] Wjlg d\unjfB . do lj) !
a} k|sfsf] d\un xg] sNof0fdo d\un:jk . gf) @= kd]Zj . ~ ofqf gf) != sg} df\ulns
Dt xg] ofqf . @= cfgGb jf dgaxnfpsf lglDt st} hfg] sfd . ~ jfB gf) d\unsfo{df ahf
Og] afhf d\unWjlgsf lglDt ahfOg] afhf d\unWjlg . jf gf) ef}djf . ~ ;"q gf) != d\
t 3fF6Ldf jf gf8Ldf afFlwg] Iff;"q . @= ;wjf :qLn] 3fF6Ldf nufpg] ;f}efUosf] k|tL
s, Ps lsl;dsf] cfe"if0f . d\unf gf) [;+)] != kfj{tL buf{ zlQm . @= kltj|tf :qL ;tL g
fL . #= of]lugL bzfsf cf7j6f of]lugLdWo] rGb|dfsL kTgL dflgg] klxnf] bzf ci6of]lug
LdWo] Ps of]lugL . d\unfr0f gf) [;+)] != sg} d\unsfo{sf] k|fDedf kl9g] jf ufOg] dGq j
Znf]s . @= u|Gysf] cfDedf d\un sfdgf tyf ;kmn ;dflKtsf lglDt n]lvg] kB .
976

d\unfdvL gf) [;+)] G8L, j]Zof (Jo\Uofy{df) . d\ulngL gf) [;+)] ljjfx cflb ze sfo{df
d\unufg ufpg] :qL d\un]gL . d\un gf) [;+) d\un p] d\unsfo{df ufOg] uLt d\unufg .
d\un P] != d\unuLt ufpg] . @= d\unjf hGd]sf] d\unaf] . :qL) d\unL . d\un]gL gf) [
fg ug]{ :qL d\ulngL . d\un]L lj) [d\un PL] d\un uLt ufpg] (dlxnf) d\un]gL . d\uf
9nsf] kfgL 5fg] lgsf;L ulg] vfN6f] . d\uf]n gf) [d\uf]lnof (b]z)] != cgxf r]K6f] g
y]Krf] xg] d\uf]lnof cflbd ynf] ePsf] ef]6ad]{nL efiff kljf;d"xsf] Ps hflt . lj) @=
pQm hfltsf] . d\l; gf) [;+) dfu{zLif{] jif{sf] cf7f}F dlxgf sflQs k;sf aLrdf kg]{
dlxgf dfu{df; . drs gf) [c) d") drs\ c] sNrfOlyrfOsf] rfn . > drSs lqm) lj) != sg} 7fp
df alnof] lsl;dn] vf 6]Sg] uL . @= ux|fF} j:t nRsFbfsf] cfjfh lg:s] dRofSs . drs l
m) lj) drs\sf] rfn afa xg] uL . drdr lqm) lj) [c) d") dr\ c (l))] != bx|f] kfOnfn] la
tf} 6]s] lxF8\g] uL . @= nufkmf6f wFbf a];L ldrdfr kf] . #= RofKkRofKk ;dfP uf]8f
g] uL . $= sg} nlrnf] kbfy{df ef kgf{n] zAb cfpg] lsl;d;Fu . > drdrtLdrdrL lqm) lj) c
em} tLj| kdf drdr kf] . drfsyL gf) [g]jf)] k|foM 5 dlxgfleqsf afnsnfO{ 3fddf ;tfpg,
v]nfpg jf lemFuf, e;gfsf bMv x6fpg tLgj6f gs6 78fO{ jlkl sk8f cNemfOg] rRr] cfs
fsf] tLgv] ;fwg . drfg gf) [;+) d~r cg] != vfFaf uf8] kmNofs la5fO{ agfOPsf] a:g] jf
fF;kfn cflb fVg] 7fpF . @= 7"nf] cUnf] 6fF8 d~r . @= l;sf kv]{ a:g] cUnf] 7fpF . dl
gf) [dfr Oof] Ps hgf dfq ;Tg xg] vl6ofsf 5fF6sf] rfv] cf;g ;fgf] vl6of . dRsg c) l
m) [drs\ g] != 3, vf6, 6fF8 cflbsf blng ys] { jf ef a9\tf eP nRsg dlRsg . @= sg} u
F} j:t xNn] nRsg jf gxg   . #= ;\sf]r dfGg ws dfGg . dRsfO gf) [ dRs ( cfO)] !=
dRsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [dRsfp cfO] @= dRsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
dRsfOg s) lqm) dRsg] kflg . dRsfpg k|) ] lqm) dRsg] kfg{ nRsfpg gxfpg . dlRsg
 s) lqm) dRsg] xf]Og . dRrg c) lqm) [k|f) dRrO{ g] != lk, v, nxf

977

dRrfOdemjf cgR5]bsf] ;\If]kLs[t k ;f c+z jf rgf . dhln; gf) [c)] != sg} ;ef, ;Dd]
lb xg] 3 ;efejg a}7s . @= klifb\ ;ef . ~ 3 gf) ;efu[x . dhxa gf) [c)] != wfld{s ;D
kGy dt . @= wd{ . dhf gf) [kmf) dh] sg} sfdsfsf] ufO jf ef]ufOdf dfgl;s tyf ef}lts k
xg] dfOnf] cfgGb ;la:tf ;v dHhf . dhfs gf) [c)] 7f dfOnf] klxf; xF;L lbNnuL
dhfs ug]{ lbNnuLafh . dhfsf] lj) [dhf sf]] != pQd fd|f] eg];Ddsf] ;Gb . @= dgkbf]{
bbfos dfOnf] . dhfn gf) [c)] tfut zlQm an ;fdYo{ . dlh6f]dlh7f] gf) [;+) dl~hi7f] k
cfsfsf clns nfDrf kft tyf ckfdfu{sf] h:tf] 8fF7 xg], kx]Fnf] k"mn kmNg] ftfgLnf
cGo sf dl;gf kmn nfUg], agfpg] sfd lnOg] hLa6Ldf pkof]u xg] Ps hftsf] nxf] To;
f kmNg] kmn . dlhkf6] lj) [dlhkf6 (:yfg) P] != sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] dlhkf6 eGg] 7fpF
df x]sf] . gf) @= s[i0ffi6dLsf] lbgdf grfOg] nfv] . ~ nfv] gf) dlhkf6] . dlh:6]6 gf)
[c\)] gusf] zflGt;Iff;DaGwL sfd ug]{ kmf}hbfL d2fdfldnf x]g]{ ;sfL pRr clwsfL
. dh gf) [;+) do"] dh do" . dhf gf) [;+) d~hL] dhf . dhL gf) [kmf) dhb"
L . dhjf lj)gf) x]) demjf . dh]qf] gf) [dhf] Pqf]] :jf:gLdfl;gxn] lz 9fSg cf]9g \ ]
;fgf] Ps;f] sk8f k5f}f asf]{ . dh]bf lj) [kmf)] dhf nfUg] dhfsf] cfgGbbfos . dHhf!
)] k|f0fLxsf xf8leq xg] ;]tf] l:gUw kbfy{ df;L . dHhf@ gf) [c) dhf] dhf cfgGb dfOn
dem klZrdf gf) [;+) dWoklZrd cf] g]kfnL efiffsf] 8f]6L 8F8]nwfdf af]lng] eflifsf .
demfO gf) [ dfem\ ( cfO)] dfg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] demfOg s) lqm) dfg nfOg
. demfpg k|) ] lqm) dfg] sfd ufpg dfg nfpg . dlemof gf) [dfem Oof] ufpF3sf] yL;
ug]{ dfG5]sf] Ps kb Ps k|sfsf] yL . demjf lj) [dfem pjf] != dfem] ;kmf kflPsf] dfle
dhjf . @= dfg] sfd ug]{ dfg] . gf) #= bO{ 8fF8fsf dfemdf ufpF x]sf] 7fpF dhjf . >
demjfnL lj) demjfdf

cflbdf ;dft] va xNng emNg . @= sg} sfdsfdf ;lP nfUg . #= sl:;P st} lxF8\g .
bd} v}nfa}nf xg xf]xNnf rDsg . %= d2fdfldnf, em}emd]nf cflb rs{g . ^= sg} sfdf
pTsl07t xg rf}rf} xg yfNg . dRrfO gf) [ dRrdlRr ( cfO)] != dRrg] tyf dlRrg] lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [dRrfp cfO] @= dRrfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dRrfOg s) lqm) dlRrg]
kflg v"al;t dRrfOg jf xNnfOg . dRrfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != xNnf cflb rnfpg . @
= xNnfpg emnfpg . > dRrfdRrL gf) != k:kdf dlRrg] jf dRrfpg] sfd . @= wdfwd dlRrg]
jf dRrfpg] sfd . @= wdfwd dRrfpg] k|lqmof . dlRrg c) lqm) != dRrg] sfd ulg . @=
dRrg . dRr] gf) [dlrof] ;fgf] vl6of v6f}nL . dRRofO gf) [ dlRr ( ofO)] dlRrg] efj, l
qmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dRRofx6 gf) dlRrg] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . dR58dR5 gf
) [k|f) dR5 < ;+) dT;] nfDv] . bfgL gf) dR58af6 aRgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] ;fwg e"mn .
ofs gf) [c) d") dRofs\ c] lsrfO, ldrfO jf nRsfOsf] rfn . drs  lqm) lj) != nRsg] j
f nRsFbf zAb cfpg] uL . @= ldrfldr kfg]{ uL dofsd?s . #= lyRg], lsRg] jf ldRg] lsl;
dn] sRofssrs  . > dRofSs lqm) lj) drSs . d5fOg gf) wl;\u]sf h:tf kft ;;fgf sfnf b
xg] af]6ljz]if To;} af]6df kmNg] kmn . d5jf gf) [df5f pjf] != df5f df] hLjglgjf{x u
g]{ hflt jf JolQm . lj) @= df5f dfg]{ hnfxfL . dhs lj) [c)] P]hg pQm lgh df};k  m.
b gf) [kmf)] != csf{sf] sfddf zfLls >d uL HofnfagLff hLjglgjf{x ug]{ JolQm snsfvf
ifkmfd, ;8s, ejglgdf{0f cflb sfo{df zfLls >d jf sfd u] bvlhnf] ug]{ JolQm >dhLjL . @
sNnL HofdL . ~ ;\u7g gf) dhbxsf] k];f, Hofnf, :jf:Yo, a;f]af;, tflnd cflbsf] lglZrt
f tyf pgLxsf] xslxtsf nflu dhbxs} Pstfaf6 lgdf{0f ulPsf] ;\3 dhbxsf] ;\u7g . > d
!= dhbn] kfpg] kfl>lds Hofnf dhL . @= dhbsf] sfd jf k];f . dhat lj) [c) dha"t] !
x|f] blx|nf] alnof] . @= g8Ug] b[9 kSsf . #= anjfg\ tfutbf alni7 . > dhatL gf) !=
xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt b[9tf blx|nf]kg . @= tfut an cfF6 . dhag gf) [dha"g < c) dhd"g
] sg} l;\uf] n]v jf

dem]/Ld6fO a:g] dfG5] demjfsf] afl;Gbf . dem]L gf) [dfem PL] 3leq rnf], cf]5fg
ltlQm vfnL 5f]l8Psf] aLrsf] 7fpF l5F8Lsf] eO{F dem]f] dh]L . dem]f] gf) [dfem Pf]
sf] 7fpF jf ufpF demjf . @= 6fk . #= dem]L . demf} gf) [k|f) g]) *demj < k|f dHem
c < ;+) dWos] != dem]f] demjf . @= 6Kk 6fsf] . demf}nf lj) [dfem cf}nf, k|f) dlemNn
= ;fwf0f sf]l6sf] dWod sIfsf] aLrsf] . @= f]hL klg gePsf] 5f8L klg gePsf] . ~ pBf]u g
f) pBf]u;DaGwL sfggdf pNn]v ePcg;f Go"gtdeGbf w] clwstdeGbf yf] nufgLaf6 rn]sf] p
Bf]u dWod vfnsf] pBf]u . ~ vfn] lj) dWod lsl;dsf] g pQd lsl;dsf] g sd;n lsl;dsf] l7S
ssf] . d~r gf) [;+)] != ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf ;fd ;ef;Dd]ng ug{ jf gf6s cflb sfo{qmd k
|:tt ug{ tof ulPsf] pRr d08k jf cf;g (:6]h) . @= \ud~r \ue"ld . #= nfIfl0fs cy{df,
ljzli6 lqmofsnfksf] If]q (h:tf] fhgLlts d~r) . $= vf6 jf lkF9Lh:t} a:g], cffd ug]{
sg} 7fpF (rf}tfL, drfg O)) . > d~rg gf) gf6s, sljtf, uLt cflbnfO{ d~rdf bz{s;dIf k|
:tt ug]{ sfd . dl~rsf gf) ;fgf] vfnsf] d~r dlrof . dl~rt lj) \ud~rdf v]nfOPsf] k|bz{
ulPsf] clegLt . d~rLo lj) d~r;Fu ;DalGwt, d~rsf] cgs"n ePsf] . d~hlt lj) [;+)] d~hL
nfu]sf] d~hL ePsf] dgf xfn]sf] . d~hL gf) [;+)] af]6, la?jf, nxf cflbdf lg:sg] gofF
fnjf gofF kft jf dgf;lxtsf] 6Kkf] dhf sf]lknf cfFsf] . d~hL gf) [;+)] 3Fu?sf
, xlNnFbf 5d5d ug]{, uf]8fdf nfpg] ;fgf] vfnsf] kfph]a g"k . d~h lj) [;+)] dgf]x dg
kbf]{ ;Gb fd|f] . ~ 3f]if gf) != dL7f] af]nL ;dw jrg . @= af}4 bz{gsf Ps k|l;4 cf
{ d~h>L . ~ ktg gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] k| f u} l txfl;s sfnsf] gfd . ~ eflif0fL g
f) != 5Gbzf:qcg;f ;u0f, hu0f, ;u0f, hu0f u? cIf ldn] aGg] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . lj) @=
cToGt dL7f] Koff] af]nLjrg ePsL (:qL)) . d~hn lj) [;+)] ;Gb dgf]x d~h . d~h>L
[;+)] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf blIf0fltsf] rf]ef 8fF8f] sf6] kfgL aufO{ pkTosfdf a:tL a;f
pg] egL ls+jbGtL rn]sf Ps af}4frfo{ dxfk?if d~h3f]if . d~h"iff gf) [;+)] != ;fgf
] vfnsf] ;Gb; ;fgf] k]6ff] k]l6sf .
978

@= dlh6f] . d6s gf) != cle?lr OR5f . @= l3p, af];f] cflb vfP xfPsf] c rLh vfg] OR5f c
g . d6lsnf] gf) [df6f] Onf]] != df6fsf] l9:sf] df6fsf] yk|f] . @= df6f]h:tf] jf df6
fsf] sf] df6f] ldl;Psf] . #= rxs gePsf] d6d}nf] . d6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") d6s\ s] != a];
lgdf]7g \ ] jf lgrf]g]{ uL . @= c?lr eP . d6! gf) 7"n7"nf bfgf xg] ;]tf] s]fp 7"nf]
]fp . d6@ gf) df]6 (nf]slha|f] cg;f .) d6d}nf] gf) x]) d6lsnf] . d6fg gf) [g]jf) df
3df sf]7faflx x]sf] vfnL 7fpF tnfdf sf]7f gafL vnf 5fl8Psf] 7fpF . dl6t]n gf) [;+)
[lQsf t}n] nflN6g, 6sL, :6f]e cflbdf xfn] afNg pkof]u ulg] k|l;4 vlgh tn kbfy{ dLt]n
dl6g s) lqm) [dfl6 g] df6f]h:tf] xg x]) dfl6g . dl6of gf) [df6f] Oof < ;+) d[lQsf
] df6fsf] ;fgf] efF8f] (3}6 F f], uf]Nkm cflb) . d]6 gf) gfdlg;fg} gxg] lx;fan] d
fl;g] sfd gfd]6 xg] sfd ;vfk . dl6nf] lj) [df6f] Onf]] kTy, afnjf cflb geO{ dlnnf] d
f6}df6f] ePsf] d6\fOnf] . dl6xfgL gf) != ;Ltfsf] lax] xb F f j]bL agfpg df6f] nluP
sf] elgg] a;]{lg fdhfgsLsf] ljjfxf]T;j xg], hgsk wfdsf blIf0fk"j{df x]sf] Ps k|l;
4 7fpF . @= ;f]xL 7fpFdf x]sf] k|l;4 Ps d7 jf pQm d7jlkl kg]{ ufpF . d6Lt]n gf) x])
dl6t]n . d6] gf) [df6f] P] df6fsf] ;fgf] efF8f] jf eF8\sf] . d6]Onf] lj) [df6f] POnf]
] /fd|f] df6f] ePsf] df6}df6f] ePsf] dl6nf] . d6]pnf] lj) [df6f] Ppnf]] dl6nf] d6f}nf]
. d6]\u|f] gf) [df6f] P\u|f] ] d6\f\u|f] df6fsf] ;fgf] uf]nL . d6\Sofg gf) df6fsf]
. dlg c) lqm) [df6f] O g] sg} j:t ;8] jf un] df6f] xg sfd} gnfUg] xg . dL g
cf < ;+) d[lQsf] != d[lQsf df6f] . @= d[To:yfg dg]{ 7fpF . #= zj nf; . ~ t]n gf) d6
Lt]n . ~ lbg ;) lqm) dbf{nfO{ uf8\g . d} lqm) lj) [df6f] P]] != rflxPeGbf klg w]} x
g] ;:t} 5]nf]v]nf] . @= t?Gt} em} . d6\7f gf) [lx)] != kfgL, lrgL cflb ld;fP bxLnfO
dGyg uL tof kflPsf] k]o kbfy{ . @= gf}gL lemls;s]kl5 ar]sf] tn j:t dxL . d6fO gf)
6 ( ofO)] != df6f]df ldNg] jf dl6g]

979

d6fOnf]d9\g dl8nf] gf) [ dlNnF8f]] != 3d c8fpgfsf lglDt 6fpsfdf c8fOg] 8f]L . @= k
fsfsf kmn kmNg] uGbsf h:tf ufgf xg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . #= wfg;Fu} kmNg] ubL gePsf]
bfgf dlNnF8f] . ~ ; gf) uxF jf ;fdfsf h:tf kft hf}sf h:t} afnf kmNg], v]tdf xg]
Ps lsl;dsf] av]{ emf . d8jf! lj) [df8\ pjf] != ldl;g cflbdf k]n ] gd kflPsf] jf l;pg
lhnf] xg] uL dfl8Psf] (5fnf) . @= uf]?, ldl;g cflbn] df8] emf]sf] df8] jf bfOF u] k
s;fpf] cflb 5fOPsf] (cGg) . d8jf@ lj) [df8 pjf] != df8 nufP afSnf] kf]sf] d8\fPs
sk8f cflb) . @= lrgLsf rf:gLdf 8afP agfOPsf] cdnfsf] crf . d8jf# gf) [;+) dln~hs
] cfFVnfcfFVnfaf6 xfFuf knfO{ kmNg] Ps hftsf] sf]bf] . d8]pnL gf) [df8f] PpnL] ljjfx
df d\unuLt ufpg] :qL a]xn  Lsf ;fyLxsf] ;d"x d8f}nL . d8]n gf) [df8f] Pn] d8]pnLsf]
if ;fyL . d8\sg c) lqm) [;+) db{g g] sfuh, sk8f cflbdf nufOPsf] snk, f]ug, kfln;, 3
f]6 cflb lau|g kfgf] eP pHh gb]lvg 3l;l6g d8\lsg vOlng . d8\sfO gf) [ d8\s
= d8\sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [d8\sfp cfO] @= d8\sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
d8\sfOg s) lqm) d8\sg] kflg . d8\sfpg ;) lqm) d8\lsnf] tNofpg d8\lsg] kfg{ .
d8\lsg c) lqm) != d8\sg . @= d8\sg] xf]Og 3l;l6g 3l:6g . d8\lsnf] lj) [d8\s Onf]]
!= d8\lsg jf 3l;l6g nfu]sf] d8\lsg] cj:yfdf ku]sf] kfgf] xFb} uP pHh gb]lvg] ePsf
] d8\lsPsf] 3l;l6Psf] . @= d6lsnf] . kg gf) d8\lsnf] xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . d8\SofO
gf) [ d8\ls ( ofO)] d8\lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d8\SofOg s) lqm) d8\lsg
nfOg 3l;6fOg . d8\Sofpg k|) ] lqm) != sfuh, sk8f cflbsf] snk, kfln;, 3f]6 cflb l
aufg{ 3:6fpg . @= df6fsf] h:tf] kfg{ d8\lsnf] tNofpg . #= pHhkg gi6 kfg{ . d8
f) [ d8fp ( cfO)] d8fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d8fOg s) lqm) d8fpg] kflg
ln; cflb r9fOg . d8f}nL gf) x]) d8]pnL . d8fpg ;) lqm) [df8 ofp g] sfuh, sk8f cflb b
|f] kfg{ df8 nufpg snk xfNg . d9\g ;) lqm) [df8\ g] != k|foM rf}lt 5fnf, sk8f cflb
nk]6\g df]xf]g{ . @= tas cflb nfpg 6fF:g . >

lqmofk|lqmof . [d6\fp cfO] @= d6\fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d6fOg s) lqm) df6f] kf
lg . d6fOnf] lj) [df6f] ofOnf]] d6]Onf] d6\f}nf] dl6nf] . d6fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm
p g] df6f] afa kfg{ df6f]em}F kfL ;8fpg dl6g] kfg{ . d6f\u ]| lj) [d6\f\uf |
h ] :tf] ;fgf] sfF6Lsf] k;g { ] (dfG5], a:tefp cflb) . d6f\u|f] gf) [df6f] of\u|f]
fuf]df kf]nL ;fx|f] kf]sf] df6fsf] 8Nnf] un]nLdf fv] xfGg] uf]nL . d6f}nf] lj) [df6f
f}nf]] df6}df6f] ePsf] d6fOnf] . d7! gf) wg, unn ] Lh:tf xltofsf] ;dfTg] 7fpFdf hf
]l8Psf] sf7sf] nfDrf] 6qmf] wg jf un]nLsf] ;dfTg] 7fpF d7 . d7@ gf) [;+)] != hf
]uL;GGof;L jf ;GtdxGt a:g] 7fpF ;fwxsf] cf>d . @= cWoog ug]{ ljBfyL{ jf j6x a:g]
7fpF u?sn . #= b]jb]jLsf] dlGb b]jfno . $= k|foM 3sf] cfFugdf tn;L f]Kg cUnf] kfL
OPsf] rf}sL tn;L f]Kg] 7fpF . %= of]uL jf tk:jLxsf] kZr0f ug]{ 7fpF . wfL gf) d7
|wfg JolQm d7fwLz dxGt . d7f\g ;) lqm) [;+) dGy g] tf5t5 kf] sf6\g kftnf] 5f
. > d7f gf) sg} j:tnfO{ xltofn] sf6] l7Ss agfpg] sfd d7ffO . d7ffO gf) d7fg]{ lqm
|lqmof . d7flg s) lqm) d7fg]{ sfd ulg . d7L gf) [d7 O{] != ;fgf] d7 d9nL . @= d7sf]
d"n dxGt d7fwLz . d7fd7fxf lj) [g]jf) dYof] != tNnf] hftsL cfdfaf6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg j0f{
s l7Ddn . gf) @= To;L hGd]sf] JolQm l7dfxf ;Gtfg . d8f gf) k|foM k"jL{ tfO{df kfOg],
kfLsf h:tf bfgf kmNg], zLtn xg] 6fpsf] bvs ] f] f]udf kmfObf ug]{ gljnsf hftsf]
Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . d8fO gf) [ df8\ ( cfO)] df8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ >
] d8fOg s) lqm) df8\g nfOg . d8fpg k|]) lqm) df8\g nfpg . d8f\g ;) lqm) [df8\ cf
sg} rLh ;fx|f] j:t jf eO{Fdf bNg u8\g df8\g bNg . > d8f gf) df8d8 kfg]{ sfd
8ffO gf) d8fg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . d8flbf] lj) d8flg] :jefjsf] d8flg yfn]sf] .
' c) lqm) != 56k6L jf a]r}gLn] ctfl;g' . @= csf;df 3gf afbn v"al;t v]Ng' . #= gbL
sf] kfgL hf]8n] pnL{pnL{ aUg' . $= dgdf gfgf yL sf v]Ng' . %= csf] pGglt jf j[l4 b]v
] dgdf 8fxf x'g' O{iof{ x'g' Olvg' ^= a6flg' pd]l7g' . d8fofO gf) d8flg] efj, lqmof
f . d8fofx6 gf) d8fofO .

dl9ofdtdtfGt/ d9fO gf) d9\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . d9fOg s) lqm) d9\g jf df]xf]g
{ nfOg . d9fpg k|) ] lqm) d9\g jf df]xf]g{ nfpg . dl9g s) lqm) d9\g] sfd ulg df
]xf]lg . { sfdsfh dl9of gf) sfdwfd a]usf] l:ylt . ~ dfg guL lglZrGt eO{ ;do latfO{
a:g . d9L gf) [;+) d08k] != of]uL, ;GGof;Lxsf] cf>d s6L d7 . @= gbLsf lsgffdf wfld{s
s[To ugf{sf lglDt agfOPsf] d08k . > d9nL gf) ;fgf] s6L . dl0f gf) [;+)] != cToGt d"
Nojfg\, rlDsnf] kTy Tg hjflxft . @= ;of]Uo >]i7 JolQm . #= euf\s :qLdl0f . $=
hgg]lGb|osf 6Kkfsf] 5qfsf sfdf]Qh ] s cjoj kDdl0f 6]k|f] . sf~rg ;+of]u gf) != dl0
f ;gsf] ;+of]u . @= c;n u0f jf c;n j:txsf] ;+of]u xg] Hof]ltifzf:qLo Ps of]u
. kb\d gf) Ps af]lw;j . k" gf) != zLdf sNkgf ulg] if6\rqmdWo] gfle:yfgdf xg]
Ddsf b; j0f{xsf] kik xg], x7of]udf k|oQm t];|f] rqm if6\rqmdWo] Ps . @= bfdL Tgx
hl8Psf] rf}aGbL rf]nf] . #= gfO6f] gfle . ~ kmn gf) sfnfsfnf bfgf kmNg] lynlyNofO{
vfOg] Ps k|sfsf] kmn . aGw gf) xTs]nf kfvfsf aLrsf] efu gfL . dl0fe gf) [;+)] f
k|lqmofff k|zf]lwt vlgh kbfy{ ;sfP agfOPsf], dl;gf rRr] s0f . d08 gf) [;+)] df8 vf]
n] d08g gf) [;+)] != ;hfpg] sfd l;Fuf ;hfj6 z[u \ f . @= uxgf cfe"if0f . #= olQm
ulg] sg} kIfsf] ;dy{g ts{k"0f{ kli6 . $= v08gsf] ljkLtfy{s zAb . %= ljz]if pT;jsf
a]nf 5ftLdf b]ak ]| l wf0f ulg] Ps lje"if0f . ^= sfe|] lhNnfdf OGb|fjtLsf glhs x]sf]
Ps a:tL . ~ ld> gf) cflbu? z\sfrfo{l;t zf:qfy{ ug]{ Ps k|l;4 dLdf+;s . > d08g] lj
) != d08gsf] d08g;DaGwL . gf) @= d08gsf] afl;Gbf d08gsf] }yfg] . d08k gf) [;+)] != ;
Ktfx, j|taGw, o1 cflb ze sfo{ ugf{sf lglDt rf}lt a]] agfOPsf] :yfg . @= b]jk"hf ug]
{ 7fpF k"hf3 dlGb . #= rf}lt vnf xg] uL 5fP agfPsf] a:g] 7fpF lj>fd:yfg . $= au}
08n gf) [;+)] != af6nf] kllw uf]n kmGsf] 3]f . @= ;"o{, rGb| jf To:t} rxlsnf] j:tsf
jlkl b]lvg] rlDsnf] 3]f] laDa ;fjf . #= j[Qfsf kllw . $= ;dfg p2]Zosf dflg;xsf] h
t . %= CUj]bsf v08xdWo] sg} v08 . ^= gu jf a:tLsf] sg} Ps 6f]n dxNnf . &= fHoleqsf] s
Ps ;fgf] e"efu . > d08nfO gf) != of]uLxsf hdftdf ;a}eGbf dfGo, d"n of]uL . @= of]
uLsf] ;jf]R { r kb . d08nfsf lj) jlkl w]} dfqfdf uf]nf]
980

cfsf ePsf] j[Qfsf af6nf] . d08nL gf) x]) dG8nL . d08n] gf) x]) dG8n] . d08n]Zj gf)
] != sg} Ps d08nsf] zf;s ;fgf] If]qsf] fhf . @= ;fw;GGof;Lxsf ;Dk|bfosf] k|dv  cfr
fo{ dxfd7fwLz . dl08t lj) [;+)] l;FuflPsf] ;lh;hfp e"lift . d08"s gf) [;+)] Eofutf]
~ k0fL{ gf) rf k|sfsf a|fXdL a6LdWo] Ps 3f]8tfk|] . ~ a|fXdL gf) 3f]8tfk|] . d08"
[;+)] kmnfd ufNbf lg:s]sf] s; kmnfdsf] sL6 . dt! gf) [n]Krf] n]Krf hfltsf] sd{sf08
ufpg] kf]lxt n]Krfsf] wd{u? . dt@ gf) [;+) db] dfbs k]o kbfy{ dlbf S;L, hfF8 cfl
t# gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifosf ;DaGwdf ;f]rL;DemL k|s6 ulg] ljrf fo ;Ddlt . @= sg} wf
jgfn] k|]lt ;Dk|bfo kGy . #= cfGtls clek|fo cfzo . $= lgjf{rgdf sg} JolQm, Joj:yf jf
kIfnfO{ 5fGg lbOg] ;Dklt ef]6 . ~ u0fgf gf) rgfjdf dtkqx uGg] sfd ef]6sf] uGtL . dt
bfg gf) [;+)] lgjf{rgdf sg} pDd]bjfnfO{ dt lbg] sfd ef]6 v;fNg] sfd . ~ clws[t gf) d
tbfg s]Gb|sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg vl6Psf] clwsfL dtbfg s]Gb|sf] clwsfL . ~ s]Gb| gf) rgfj
df dtbftfn] dt lbg Joj:yf ulPsf] tf]lsPsf] 7fpF ef]6 v;fNg] 7fpF (ay) . dt kq gf)
[;+)] lgjf{rgdf sg} pDd]bjfnfO{ f]Hg dtbftfn] dtk]l6sfdf v;fNg] ;sfL 5fk nfu]sf] kq k
ltlglw 5fGg] l6s6 (Aofn]6k]k) . dt k]l6sfdt k]6L gf) [;+)] dtbftfxn] dtkqx v;fNg] afs
(Aofn]6aS;) . dt k|0ffnL gf) [;+)] != dt lbP cfk"mn] rfx]sf] k|ltlglw 5fGg] k4lt .
@= dt v;fNg] k|lqmofsf] hfgsfL lbg] lgod . dte]b gf) [;+)] dt jf fo gldNg] l:ylt 7fs
gldNg] jf fo afg] sfd . dtdt gf) [;+) dbdQ] k, of}jg, zlQm, ;DkGgtf cflbn] dQ ePsf]
cj:yf dbdQ . > dtdtfO gf) dtdt xg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . dtdtfOg c) lqm) dbn] dQ
xf]Og . dtdtfpbf] lj) != Psbd dflQPsf] pGdQ dft nfu]sf] . @= a}F; cflbn] ubf{ Hofb
} pG7]pnf] . dtdtfpg' c) lqm) != of}jgn] dQ x'g' a}; F r9\g' . @= wg, dfg, pd] cflbn
] dQ x'g' 3dG8n] dflQg' . dtdtfGt gf) [;+)] kmskms ljleGg dt cg]s dt

981

dtd'vLdT:o u'6 jf ;Dk|bfosf] cg';0f ug]{ sfd dltof x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . dltzfnL lj)
[;+)] a'l4dfg\ ;dembf . dltxLg lj) [;+)] a'l4 gePsf] gf;dem d"v{ . dt'jfnL gf)lj) x
dtjfnL . dt}So gf) [;+)] sg} ljifodf b'O{ jf b'O{eGbf a9L JolQmsf aLr x'g] Ps} dt
jf fo ljrfsf] Pstf jf ;dfgtf . dtf] gf) [;+) dt] != ldn] ulg] ;Nnfx kfdz{ . @= dt
;dfg ljrf ldNbf] dt . htf] gf) c7f]6 ePsf] dtf] ;;Nnfx ljrfljdz{ . g htf] gf) c
f] dtf] a];Nnfx . ~ afWg' 6') s]xL sf ug{sf lglDt ;Nnfx ldnfpg' . dQ lj) [;+)] != dfl
P e'Od F{ f v'f gePsf] a9]r9]sf] k|dQ . @= gzf cflbn] r" pGdQ kfun . #= 3dG8L ;]vLj
$= Hofb} v';L clt k|;Gg . gf) %= dtjfnf . ^= dQf xfQL . &= efn] xfQL . ~ do" gf) !=
a;f{tdf afbn u8\s]sf] ;'g] gfRg] d'h' . @= k|To]s r0fdf qmd}n] ou0f, du0f, ou0f, ;
u0f du0f x'g], kGw| cIfsf] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . tf gf) dQ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . dQf! g
f) [;+) dQ] != u08:yn k'm6] db r'lxx]sf] xfQL hjfg xfQL . @= efn] xfQL . dQf@ gf) [;
+) dt] efjjfrs zAb aGbf k|Toosf kdf cGtdf cfpg] zAb (a'l4dQf, gLltdQf O)) . dQfO g
f) [ dQfp (cfO)] dQfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dQfOg' c) lqm) dQ xf]Og' . dQ
fpg' c) lqm) [;+) dQcfpg'] != dQ x'g' dfltg' . @= db r9\g' ;]vL a9\g' . #= pGdQ jf lj
lIfKt x'g' ax'nfpg' . $= xfQLsf] u08:ynaf6 db k'm6\g' . dofO gf) [ dflQ (ofO)] dflQg]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dofOg' s) lqm) k'nk'NofOg' dflQg] kflg' . dofpg' ;) lq
) != k'mk'mofpg' k'nk'Nofpg' . @= db r9fpg' pGdQ kfg'{ . dofx6 gf) dflQg] efj, cj:yf,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . dofxf lj) s;}sf] dtdf nfu]sf] dltof . dTy lj) [;+) dGy] != j]u jf
jfx sd ePsf] emf]Ssf sd ePsf] dGb ;':t . @= lg:t]h dlng . dT; gf) [;+)] != csf] enfO
pGglt b]Vg g;Sg] O{iof{k"0f{ dfgl;s l:ylt hng 8fx . @= l; qmf]w . > dT;L lj) != dT;
]{ (JolQm) O{iof{n' ]ifL . @= qmf]wL l;fxf . dT:o gf) [;+)] != df5f] . @= lji0f'sf b;
cjtfdWo] Ps dT:ofjtf . #= k|frLg ljf6 b]zsf] csf]{ gfd . ~ pTkfbg gf) s[lifsfo{sf kdf
ljz]if ljlwn] kf]vLdf df5f kfn]

dtdtsf aLrsf] cGt . dtdvL gf) [dt dvL] hfF8S;L vfg] JolQm . dtofM gf) [g]jf)] nlntk
nfsfsf] af}4, ljxf, r}Toflbdf ;Lldt If]qdf ufO{hfqfsf] ef]lnkN6 lbgdf 3d] ulg] bLkh
fqf . dtna gf) [c)] != cflGts efj cfzo tfTko{ clek|fo . @= sg} egfOsf] cy{ dfg] . #=
} dfq lxt l;4 ug]{ lgot :jfy{ . $= nIo p2]Zo . %= ;f]sf jf:tf ;DaGw k|of]hg . > dtna
) cfgf] dfq dtna l;4 ug]{ :jfyL{ . dtjfnf! lj) [dt jfnf] s;}sf] dtsf kl5 nfUg] dltof .
dtjfnf@ lj) [dQ jfnf] != dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg u]sf] gzf nfu]sf] dbdQ . @= j+zkDkfaf6 g} dl
fg] . #= ljlIfKt kfun . $= s;}sf] dt jf l;4fGtsf] cgofoL . > dtjfnL gf) != hfF8S;L
vfg] hflt dlbf ;]jg ug]{ j+z dtdvL . lj) @= j+zkDkfaf6 dlbf vfFb} u]sf] . dt Joj:y
) [;+)] dtbfgsf cfwfdf lg0f{o ulg] zf;g Joj:yf . dt ;\u|x gf) [;+)] sg} cfjZos k|Zg,
jifo, l:ylt cflbdf k|ltlglwsf 5gf]6sf] lg0f{osf nflu ;DalGwt JolQmxaf6 dt lng] ty
f Psq ug]{ sfd jf klkf6L . dtflwsf gf) [;+)] lgjf{rgdf lgodfg;f k|ltlglw 5fGgsf nfl
u dt jf ef]6 lbg] clwsf fo lbg] xs . > dtflwsfL gf) lgjf{rgdf dtbfg ug]{ clwsf kfPsf]
JolQm dtbftf . dtfgofoL lj) [;+)] sg} JolQmsf] jf wfld{s ;Dk|bfosf dt jf l;4fGtsf]
cg;0f ug]{ dtfjnDaL . dtfGt gf) [;+)] != csf]{ dt . @= cnu ;Dk|bfo . #= ljf]wL fo j
ljrf . dtfk gf) [;+) dGbtfk] != sda];L gePsf] rfn Psgf;sf] ult . @= pu| jf dGb geP
sf] k|s[lt, cfuf] cflb ;n :jefj . > dtfkL lj) != ;w}F dWo ultn] rNg] dtfksf] . @= ;
xfpFbf] dgfl;a . dtfjnDaL lj) [;+)] sg} l;4fGt, dt jf ;Dk|bfosf] cjnDag ug]{ dtfgof
oL . dtfjnL gf) [;+)] sg} vf; ljifo jf ;d:ofaf] JolQmsf cfgf ljrf, b[li6sf]0f jf dt k
|s6 ug{ jf ;\sng ug{ pkof]u ulg] k|ZgfjnL . dlt gf) [;+)] != 1fg al4, ;dem . @= fo d
;Ddlt . #= OR5f dg;af . ~ e|d gf) al4 lau|g] sfd al4sf] lje|d . dfg\ lj) ;dembf
4dfg\ . dltof lj) [dt Oof] != s;}nfO{ sg} vfa sfd sf ug{ k|]lt ug]{ jf xf}:ofpg] g
ug]{sf ;fydf nfUg] . @= sg} u6aGbLdf ;+nUg . > dltofL gf) s;}sf]

dT:o]Gb|gfydlbgf xsf{pg] sfd df5fsf] v]tL . ~ pBf]u gf) kf]vL agfO{ 7"nf] dfqfdf df
5fpTkfbg ug]{ Joj;fo df5f kfNg] pBf]u . uGwf gf) != Jof;sL cfdf ;TojtL . lj) @= df5f
sf] h:tf] uGw cfpg] (:qL) . hLjL gf) != hfn, aN5L cflb ;fwgn] df5f df] laqmL uL hLlj
sf rnfpg] JolQm dfemL . lj) @= df5f kfNg] k];faf6 hLjg lgjf{x ug]{ . ~ kfng gf) j}
1flgs k|lqmofaf6 df5f kfNg] xsf{pg] sfd . ~ kf0f gf) Jof;ff lgld{t c7f dxfkf0fdW
Ps ~ ou gf) e"ue{zf:qcg;f pgGrfnL; sf]8 jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] kfhLjs ouxdf rf}yf]
dflgg], df5f ;[li6 ePsf] ou . ~ ljsf; gf) j}1flgs tlsfn] xsf{O{ df5fpTkfbgdf j[l
4 ulg] sfd . ~ ljsf; s]Gb| gf) s[lifsfo{qmddf ;xof]u kofpg] p2]Zon] ljleGg k|sfsf df
5f kfnL k}bfjfL a9fpg :yfkgf ulPsf] s]Gb| df5f kfNg] kmfd{ . > dT:ofjtf gf) kf0fcg;
j}j:jt dGjGtsf kfnfdf ;+;f hndUg xFbf ;+;fsf] aLhtj arfpg lji0fn] lnPsf] df5fsf] k
; cjtfdWo] Ps klxnf] cjtf . dT:o]Gb|gfy gf) [;+)] != x7of]uL, Ps k|l;4 dxfTdf uf]vgfy
f u? . @= Ps af]lw;j . dy\g ;) lqm) [dGy g] != tj1fgsf nflu sg} ljifo jf u|Gysf] ux
cWoog ug{ dgg ug{ . @= gf}gL cflb ;ftj lg:sg] uL bxL, b"w cflb xF8Ng dGyg ug{ .
> dyg gf) != dYg] jf xF8Ng] sfd . @= uDeL cWoog . dyn\g ;) lqm) [dy\ cn\ g] dYg] sf
ug{ dYg x8 F Ng l5nlan kfg{ 3f]Ng . > dyn gf) dyNg] sfd . dyndfyn gf) dyNg]jg]
sfd xF8nxfF8n . dynfO gf) dyNg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . dynfDe gf) != eb|uf]n kfg]{ sfd
. @= 3f3 kfg]{ sfd . dyfO gf) [ dy\ ( cfO)] dYg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dyfOg
 s) lqm) dYg nfOg dGyg ufOg . dyfpg k|) ] lqm) dYg nfpg dGyg u/fpg . dlyundly
) [k|f) dTy'n
'u \ ] dl:tis lubL vf]k8L . dlyt lj) [;+)] != dlyPsf] dGyg ulPsf] x'8
nPsf] . @= b'Mv lbOPsf] ;tfOPsf] . dlyg' s) lqm) [dyOg'] dGyg ulg' x'F8lng' . dy'f
;+)] != lxGb" wd{uG | ydf rlr{t ;Ktk'LdWo]sf] Ps k'L ;f]xL k|l;4 tLy{:yn . @= eftsf]
klZrdL pQk|b]zdf x]sf] od'gfsf] t6jtL{ k|b]z . dy]p8f]dy]8f] gf) [dfyfPp8f]P8f]] lz
klxlg] km]6f lzkf]; . dy]nf] gf) [dy\Pnf]] dlyPsf] j:t' . db! gf) [c)] != d'Vo sfof{n
jf ;+:yfsf] juL{st [ ljefu
982

kmfF6 . @= sd ah]6 . db@ gf) [;+)] != dfbs kbfy{sf] ;]jgaf6 pTkGg dfgl;s ljs[lt gzf
. @= wg, ;DklQ, k, of}jg, clwsf cflbaf6 x'g] 3dG8 cledfg . #= xfQLsf] u08:yn k'm6L
lg:sg] uGwo'Qm tn kbfy{ . $= hfF8S;L cflb dfbs kbfy{ dlbf . %= gfledf ;'jf;o'Qm bfgf
x'g] Ps d[uljz]if s:t"L . ^= jLo{ . sn lj) != dbn] dw' cfjfh ug]{ dw' :jsf] . @=
dflQPsf] dbf]GdQ dbdQ . hn gf) xfQLsf] u08:ynaf6 r'xg ' ] tn kbfy{ dbjfl . dbtdbb
) dbb] Psn] csf{nfO{ ug]{ ;xof]u ;xfotf ;xff . uf lj) != csf{nfO{ ;3fpg] efjgf ePsf]
bt lbg] ;xfos . @= dltof ;fyL . > dbtL lj) dbt k'ofpg] dbtuf ;xfos . dbg gf) [;+)]
] klt sfdb]j . @= eFjf] e|d . #= d}gf rf] . $= k|]d . %= dOgkmn . u[x gf) eu of]l
:sf gf) dbg zdz]/sL kTgL hubDafn] cfgf kltsf gfddf :yfkgf u/]sf], g]kfnL jf\dosf ljl
zi6 ;fwssf pTs[i6 s[ltnfO{ k|bfg ul/g] Ps k:sf . dbgf]T;j gf) [;+)] != j;Gt Ctdf
sfdb]jsf] cr{gf uL dgfOg] ljz]if pT;j . @= kmfu xf]lnsf]T;j . db eL gf) [db eL] != S
f] pTkfbg ljt0f ulg] sfvfgf . @= S;Lk;n ;favfgf . dbdQ lj) [;+)] != wg, of}jg, clw
bsf] 3dG8n] dflQPsf] dbn] dQ . @= 3dG8L ;]vLjfn . db;f gf) [c) db|;] kf7zfnf . dbn]g
gf) [c\)] dbn]g dfgjn] k|of]u u]sf] Ps kftfljs pks0f . ~ dfgj gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f k|
f] j]h] gbLsf] pkTosfdf ePsf] Ps dfgjhflt aN5Lsf] cfljisf ug]{ hflt . dbjfl/ gf) x])
dbhn . db ljs[lt gf) [;+)] gzfn jf o:t} j:tsf] ;]jgaf6 al4df kg]{ c; dlte|d . d
b;f gf) [;+)] f;folgs lqmofaf6 b]vf kg]{ Ps cuf{lgs of}lus kbfy{ . dbfgf gf) ?laP;L
;d"xdf kg]{ Ps lsl;dsf] jGo kmn dOgkmn . dbfgL gf) x]) dwfgL . dbfGw lj) [;+)] != d
b jf sfdjf;gfn] cfFv} gb]Vg] ePsf] hjfgLn] dfltPsf] . @= dbdQ ljj]sxLg . dbfL gf) r6
s] r6s b]vfpg] JolQm . dbfn; lj) [;+)] db jf gzfn] cN5L ePsf] nlPsf] . dlbgf gf) [c)
dbLgM] casf] k|l;4 ;x, hxfF xht dxDdbn] cf>o lnPsf lyP .

983

dlb/dw dwfgL gf) [;+) dGygL] k|foM afF;sf] ;f]df rf}lt 5]l8Psf] RofK6f rfkf6] kf]f
g]tLn] tfGbf 7]sLsf] bxL dYg] ;fwg dxL kfg]{ pks0f dGygL dbfgL . > dwfg] lj) != 7"nf]
rfSnf] . @= sfdsf] layf]Ng] cl3;f efn] . gf) #= nK;Lsf h:tf t uf9f xlof kft xg,]
6]an  , s;L{ cflb agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps j[If . dlw;] lj) [dw]; P] dlb;] . ~ s
f8f] gf) dlb;] sfF8f] RofK6] l;pF8L . ~ ;'k gf) dlb;] ;'k . dw' gf) [;+)] != dfx'Ln]
fsfdf hDdf u]sf] u'lnof] kbfy{ dx . @= k"mnsf slnsfdf hd] a:g] eFjf, dfx'L cflbn] r'
g] u'lnof] ; k'ik; dsGb . #= dlbf . $= r}tj}zfv j;Gt Ct . %= kfgL hn . ^= dlbf a
df k|of]u xg] 6kh:tf] cfsfsf k"mn kmNg] Ps j[If dxjf . &= kf0fcg;f lji0fsf sfg
]uhLaf6 pTkGg ePsf lji0fn] cfg} hfF3df fv] df]sf dw s}6e gfds bO{ fIf;dWo] Ps
= cf}ifwLdf k|of]u ulg],;fgf] gnL ePsf], ulnof] :jfb xg] n]sfnL a6L h]7Ldw . (
= cd[t . lj) !)= dL7f] dw ulnof] . s gf) != ejFf] e|d . @= sfds k?if :qLnDk6
sfL gf) != kf]yL eFjf] e|dL . @= hf]uL;GGof;L ef6xnfO{ lbOg] ksfPsf cGgsf] leIff .
6L gf) lgajfh:t} cfsfsf af:gfbf kft xg], To:t} vfnsf] k"mn kmNg], 8Nnf xlof, kfSb
f kx]Fnf] af]qmf] xg] kmn kmNg], leq s];|fs];|fdf ; xg] sfF8fbf af]6 jf To;}sf]
kmn . sf]z gf) != dfxLn] dx ;~ro ug]{ rfsf dxsf] 3f . @= k"mnsf] kfudlGt kik; hD
pF ;s8\dn . > dwk gf) != ejFf] . @= dfxL . lj) #= dBkfg ug]{ S;Lafh ;faL . ks
p, lrgL, ;v hn ldnfP agfOPsf], b]jtf, j, cltly cflbnfO{ ck{0f ulg] kbfy{ l3p, dx l
sf] ld>0f . ~ k|fzg gf) gjhft afnsnfO{ klxnf] kN6 dx, l3p r6fpg] Ps ;+:sf . ~ laldf
] gf) kxf8v08df xg], af]qmf] afSnf] ePsf] lgajfeGbf s]xL 7"nf] kmn nfUg] Ps af]
6 To;s} kmn . dSvLdlIfsfdIfL gf) dfxL . dtL gf) of]uzf:qcg;f hf]u0  f tdf]
fz eP ;ju0fsf] k"0f{ k|sfz xg] dgsf] l:ylt . do lj) dw jf ld7f;n] oQm ulnof] ;n
elPsf] . dlNnsf gf) dfntLsf] ntf dwdfntLsf] nxf] . dfwj gf) r}q j}zfv bO{ dlx
t Ct . dfntL gf) != e]6\g v;|f] ePsf] 7"nf kft xg,] emKkf] eP k"mn kmNg] hng,
skm, jftHj cflbdf cf}ifwL xg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;s} k"mn . @= k|frLg cfVofgdf
k|l;4 Ps ;GbL ojtL ;f]xL gfdsf] g]kfnL cfVofg . df; gf) != r}q dlxgf . @= j;Gt

dlb lj) [;+)] != gzf nfUg] . @= cfgGb lbg] . #= gogflefd . dlbf gf) [;+)] != hfF8S;L
flb gzfn kbfy{ dB ;fa . @= ;ft eu0f cGtdf Ps u? ePsf] afO;cIf] jfl0f{s 5Gb . > dlb
If lj) dbn] nlPsf cfFvf ePsf] dQnf]rg . dlbfIfL lj) != dbn] nlPsf cfFvf xg] (:qL) .
= hfb"n] h:tf] cfsif{0f ug]{ cfFvf ePsL (ojtL) . ~ u[x gf) hfF8S;L agfpg], a]Rg]
jf a;] vfg] 7fpF eL af . dlbfno gf) dlbfu[x eL . dlbf]GdQ lj) S;Lsf gzfn] r"
f] . dlbnf] gf) c08fsf nflDrnf kft xg], kftsf tNnfkl rfFbLsf] hnkem}F ;]tf] 6Nsg],
d~hLsf cfsfsf k|z:t k"mn kmNg], lb;f vnf; ug]{ cf}ifwLsf kdf tyf x[bof]udf ;d]t ;]
jg ulg], eO{Fd} nq] lkmFhflPsf] Ps af]6ljz]if . dlb;f gf) rfFu]h:t} kmNg], 7"n7"nf
, nfDrf cfsfsf kft ePsf], dl;gf, sfnf sf r]K6f bfgf kmNg], cdnlkQ udL{sf] cf}ifwL d
flgPsf] Ps hftsf] emf . dlb;] lj) [db]; P] != db];df a:g] db];sf] afl;Gbf . @= db];;D
aGwL db];sf] . #= dWok|b]zsf] lgjf;L . ~ sf9f] gf) RofK6f] vfnsf] l;pF8L dlb;] l;pF8
L . ~ abfd gf) Ps k|sfsf] abfd sfuhL abfd . ~ l;p8L gf) f]6Lh:tf 7"nf nfDrf kft x'g
kftaf6} csf]{ kft knfpg], kftel nfdf tLvf sfF8f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] l;pF8L gfukm0fL gful
alxgL dlb;] sfF8f] . ~ ;'k gf) af:gf cfpg] vfnsf], 7"nf] hftsf] ;'k . dbLo lj) [;+)
] d]f] cfgf] . db'; gf) sf7sf] 7"nf] cfsfsf], cg]s ;fdfg fvgwg ug{ ldNg] vf6sf] sf
lng ;lsg], 7"nf] ;Gb'; vf6] afs; . db];db]z gf) x]) dw]; . dbf]GdQ lj) [;+)] != dlbf
sf] ;]jgn] dfltPsf] gzfn] r" ePsf] dbfGw . @= wg, of}jg, clwsf, dfg cflbn] e'O{Fdf v
'f gePsf] dbdQ . d2t gf) [c) dbb] dbt . uf gf) dbtuf . > d2ltof gf) != ;xfos JolQm
) @= ;xfos . d2tL lj) d2t ug]{ dbtL . dl4d gf) [;+) dWod] dWod l7Ss ;fwf0f . dB gf)
)] S;L, hfF8 cflb dfbs k]o kbfy{ dlbf ;fa . ~ lgif]w gf) != hfF8S;L cflb dfbs kbfy{s
k|rngdf k|ltaGw nufpg] sfd . @= a'4wd{sf k~rzLn l;4fGtdWo]sf] Ps . > dBk lj) hfF8S
;L lkpg] S;Lafh hF8fxf . kfg gf) hfF8, S;L cflb dfbs kbfy{ ;]jg ug]{ sfd dlbfsf]
foL lj) dBkfg ug]{ ;faL .

dw'dWod ofd . d]x gf) lk;fa;Fu} dxh:tf] s]xL afSnf] tn kbfy{ cfpg] f]u k|bsf] f]u
dw' lj) [;+)] != dL7f] dxs ePsf] :jflbnf] . @= ;'Gbf sfgnfO{ cfgGb lbg] s0f{lk|o (a
f]nL) . #= sf]dn d[b' . $= dw'f] dGb xNsf . gf) %= dL7f] :jfb ld7f; . tfTj gf) dw'
f] efj jf cj:yf dL7f]kg dfw'o{ . ~ efifL lj) dL7f] af]nL af]Ng] d[b'efifL . dw'; lj)
;+)] != dw' ; ePsf] dL7f] . @= u'lnof] . gf) #= dx . dw'ldf gf) [;+)] dfw'o{ dw'tf
. dw'f] lj) [;+) dw'] != rsf]{ fk jf tfk gePsf] dL7f] jf Gofgf] nfUg] (3fd, cfuf] cf
lb) . @= xNsf vfnsf] la:tf} rNg] dTy dGb (xfjf cflb) . #= u'lnof] jf lkf] cflb clncln
dfq nfu]sf] (vfg]sf]) . $= xnf}F vfnsf] af:gf ePsf] (sdn, u'nfkm cflbsf k"mnsf] h:
tf]) . %= ;'Gbf fd|f] jf dL7f] nfUg] (sf]) . ^= dw' dL7f] . dw'zfnf gf) [;+)] hfF8S;
flb dfbs kbfy{ agfpg], a]Rg] jf vfg] 7fpF dlbfu[x eL af . dw'>L gf) [;+)] j;Gt Ct'sf
fgGbbfos ;f}Gbo j;Gtzf]ef . dw';f gf) [;+)] lrgL o:t} tfutbf j:t' . dw';b " g gf) [;
)] dw' gfds fIf;nfO{ dfg]{ b]jtf lji0f' . dw"lnsf gf) [;+)] != h]7Ldw' . @= ux'a F
f6 agfOPsf] S;L . dw]; gf) [;+) dWob]z] != cUnf] xf]rf] 8fF8fsfF8f gePsf], Psbd ;d
y e"ld tfO{ dw]z . @= lxdfnb]lv blIf0f, ljGWo kj{tb]lv pQ, s?If]qb]lv k"j{ k|ofub]lv
lZrdkl kg]{ ;dy e"efusf] k'fgf] gfpF dWok|b]z . > dw];L lj) != db];df a:g] db];sf] af
;Gbf . @= db];sf] db];;Fu ;DalGwt . dwf}?dwf}f] gf) f]un] ynf k]sf] JolQm jf k|f0fL
lafdL . (e"tn] kfPsf] dwf}? afFRg ;Qm}g pvfg) . dWo gf) [;+)] != sg} rLhsf] aLrsf] e
fu dfem s]Gb| . @= zLsf] dWoefu sl6 sd . #= kms cGt . $= b; casf] ;
\Vof . lj) %
f] . ^= dWo:y . sfn gf) k|fylds sfn cfw'lgs sfnsf aLrdf kg]{ sfn dWoo'u dfWolds sfn
. dWosflnssfnLg lj) k|frLg sfn cfw'lgs sfnsf aLrsf] efiffsf] ljsf;sf b[li6n] df]6f
df]6L kn] ;ftf}F ztfAbLb]lv ;qf}F jf c7ff}F ztfAbLsf aLrsf] dWoo'uLg dWoo'usf] . ~ c
fo{ efiff gf) ljqmdk"j{ kfFrf}F ztfAbLb]lv b;f}F ztfAbL;Dd k|rngdf cfPsf] k|fs[t
efiff . ~ C0f gf) sg} ;+:yf jf fi6n] lbg] C0fsf] cNk, dWo bL3{sfnLg lx;fan] tf]s]cg'
;f aLrsf] ;do tf]s] lbOPsf] C0f .
984

dWout lj) [;+)] aLrdf x]sf] aLrdf cfPsf] jf NofOPsf] dWo:y . > dWoult gf) t6:y xg] gL
t jf l:ylt . dWohLjs gf) [;+)] e"ue{zf:qcg';f ;+;fdf hLjsf] ;[li6 ePsf ;dosf] ljefh
gdf bf];f | ] v08sf] ;do . dWotf gf) [;+)] dWo x'gfsf] lqmof, efj, wd{ jf cj:yf .
dWolbg gf) [;+)] lbgsf] k"jf{4{sf] ;dflKt pQf4{sf] k|fDedf kg]{ ;do]vf lbgsf] dfem
wf lbg dWofXg . dWob]z gf) [;+)] != db]; dw]; . @= aLrdf kg]{ 7fpF s]Gb|:yn . dWogh g
) [;+) dWoc) gh] != b[li6ut . @= Wofg . dWo g"tgfZd o'u gf) [;+)] e"ue{zf:qcg';f cfh
eGbf tLg sf]8 krf; nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] Ps o'u gjhLjs o'uleq kg]{ Ps o'u . dWo
kfiff0f gf) [;+)] != ckk'fkfiff0fo'ueGbf kl5 gjkfiff0fo' u eGbf klxn] s f dflg;xn] k
| o f] u ug] { 9'
\ufxsf] xltof . @= k|fu}ltxfl;s k'ftjzf:qsf cg';f ckkfiff0fo'u gj
0fo'usf aLrsf] k"jL{ blIf0fL clk|msfnLxsf] Joj;fo 9'
\u] Joj;fo . #= o'f]k, pQL clk|m
f dWok"j{sf] d':t] z}nLsf] xft] aGrf] k|of]u x'g] ;do . dWo k'fkfiff0f gf) [;+)] k'f
zf:qsf cg';f k'fkfiff0f o'unfO{ klg ulPsf] ljefhgcg';f bf];|f] r0f k|of]u x'g] kfiff0
fcf}hfxsf] ;do kfkfiff0fsf zfvfdf bf];|f] . dWok"j { gf) [;+)] != Pl;ofsf] blIf0f ty
klZrd lbzfdf x]sf] e"efu Ofgb]lv OlhK6;Ddsf b]z . @= clk|msfdf kg]{ OlhK6, ;8fg,
lnlaof cflb klZrdL Pl;ofdf x]sf ;pbL ca, n]agfg, Kofn]:6fOg, Ohfon, l;lof cflb b]z t
yf ltgsf jlklsf b]zsf] ;d"x . dWo k|ltg"tgfZd gf) [;+)] e"ue{zf:qsf cg;f k|fltg"tgf
Zd ounfO{ ljefhg ubf{ kg]{ bf];|f] r0f cfheGbf b; nfv jif{klxn] k|fDe ePsf] ;do .
dWo laGb gf) [;+)] sg} 3]f, kllw, j:t jf ]vfnfO{ 7Ls cfwfdf 5fpg] lx;fan] ;\st ]
flu nufOPsf] laGb aLrsf] laGb s]Gb|laGb . dWod lj) [;+)] != u0f, kldf0f, :t cflbs
f b[li6n] g 36Lsf] g a9Lsf] aLrsf] demf}nf . @= h]7f]eGbf kl5sf] dflxnf] . gf) #= ;\
uLtsf ;Kt:jdWo]sf] tLg ;o aL; gfbnxL xg] d:j . ~ sfJo gf) leqL Jo\Uo cy{ eP klg jf
nfO{ lhTg g;Sg] eO{ Jo\Uofy{ uf}0f ePsf] sfJo u0fLe"tJo\Uo sfJo . ~ 56fO gf) ;fwf0f
sl;dsf] aLr ;dodf kg]{ lx;fan] la?jfx 5fF6] ldnfpg] sfd . ~ k'?if gf) Jofs0fcg';f cf
"mn] sf ulx]sf] jf cfgf] sf ;'Gg] dflg; tLg k'?ifpQd,

985

dWodfdWjfrfo{ JolQm . tf gf) v]n, jfbljjfb, d2fdfldnf cflbdf bO{ yLsf aLrdf xL xfl
tsf] lg0f{o ug]{ jf ldnfpg] sfd dWo:ysf] sfd . @= dWo:y xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~
lg0f{o gf) sg} kIfljkIfsf aLrdf p7]sf] ljjfbdf bj} kIfnfO{ dsf{ gkg]{ lx;fan] ulg]
lg0f{o jf km};nf . dWo :j nf]k gf) [;+)] sg} zAbsf Jo~hgsf aLrdf x]sf] :jWjlgsf] nf]
k xg] sfd (h:t} ;dfrf > ;Drf, td;s > tD;s cflb) . dWo :jfud gf) [;+)] zAbsf aLrdf
bjl} tsf Jo~hgWjlgsf aLrdf :j ylkg cfpg] sfd (h:t} lqmof > lslof, Kn]6 > lkn]6) . d
Wof gf) [;+)] != of}jg r9]sL, s]xL w[i6 sd nHhfn gflosf demf}nL vfnsL gflosf . @=
h:jnf eO;s]sL :qL . #= xft jf uf]8fsf ;a}eGbf nfdf] cf}n F f dfemLcf}n F f. $= 5G
bzf:qcg;f k|To]s r0fdf tLg cIf xg] Ps j0f{jQ [ . dWofgL gf) [;+) dWofXg] != lbgsf]
7Ls dWo ;do cfwf lbg . @= kf0f, o1 cflbdf lbpF;f] s]xL If0f;Dd lj>fd ug]{ ;do dWo
fGt dWofXg . dWofGt gf) [;+)] rlnx]sf] sg} sfo{qmd yf]} a] lj>fdsf nflu f]lsg] ;do
lj>fd dWo;do . dWofGg gf) [;+) dWofXg] dWofXg bf]kx . dWofjsfz gf) [;+)] rfn" sfo{qmd
fO{ :ylut fv] s]xL l5gsf nflu ulg] lj>fd dWofGt cNkfjsfz . dWofjlw gf) [;+)] != aLrs
cjlw jf ;do . @= sg} vf; of]hgf jf sfo{qmdsf sfof{Gjogsf] aLrsf] r0f jf cj:yf . ~
rgfj gf) lgwf{lt cjlwsf nflu rlgPsf ;b:oxff ul7t k|ltlglw;ef cflbsf] ;do k"0f{ gxF
b} ljz]if kll:yltjz aLr}df xg] csf]{ rgfj jf lgjf{rg . ~ d"Nof\sg gf) To; r0fdf ulg
] sfo{ku | ltsf] d"Nof\sg jf n]vfhf]vf . dWof;j gf) [;+)] != wo]Ffsf k"mndf nfUg] u
lnof] ; wo]Ffsf] kik; . @= kfgL / dx ldnfP agfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] db . dWofXg gf) [;+)]
lbgsf] aLrsf] ;do cfwf lbgsf] a]nf dWolbg dWofgL . ~ ]vf gf) x]) b]zfGt]vf . > dWofX
Q gf) lbgsf] cfwf efu lalt;s]kl5sf] ;do ckfX0f . dWo] gf) of]) [;+) dWo P] sg} j:t j
d"xsf dfemdf w]} jf cg]ssf aLrdf . (pbf) kf7qmddf lgwf{lt ljleGg ljifodWo] cfk"mnfO{
dg k]sf] ljifo f]Hgk5{) . dWjfrfo{ gf) [;+)] blIf0fL eftdf k|rlnt j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf
k|jt{s Ps k|l;4 cfrfo{ j}i0fjfrfo{ .

dWod k|yddWo] Ps ltLo k?if (tF, ltdL cflb) . ~ nf]s gf) e"nf]s dTo{nf]s k[YjL . ~ j
:s lj) cfwf pd] ud]sf] cwa}F;] . ~ ju{ gf) != af}l4s b[li6n] ;r]t eP klg cfly{s b[l
i6n] kuL;L gcfpg] >]0fLsf dflg;xsf] ;d"x demf}nf :tsf hgtf . @= cfly{s b[li6n] aLrs
f] >]0fLsf dflg; . ~ j0f{ nf]k gf) zAbsf dfemsf] j0f{ nf]k xg] efiffj}1flgs k|lq
mof . dWodf gf) [;+)] != xft jf vfsf kfFr cf}FnfdWo] aLrsf] cf}Fnf] dfemL cf}Fnf]
. @= gfossf u0f jf bf]ifsf cfwfdf dfgckdfg ug]{ gflosf . #= dWod >]0fLsf] kLIff k|
df0fkq jf OG6ldl8P6 txsf] kLIff . $= hf]jtL :qL . dWodf\s gf) [;+)] k"0ff{s \ eGbf kl
sf c\sxdf k|To]s b;sf aLrdf kg]{ c\s bzdnjkl5sf] kfFr c\s . dWodf\un gf) [;+)] jf:t
f d"lt{snfsf] gfkf]df k|of]u xg,] hf}sf] k]6ltaf6 ldnfP fVbf ;ft hf}afasf] gfkf] . d
Wodf~rn gf) [;+)] g]kfnnfO{ ljsf;If]qsf cfwfdf ljefhg ubf{ afUdtL, hgsk gffo0fL c~r
nnfO{ ufe] agfOPsf] Ps If]q . dWod08 gf) [;+)] g[tjzf:qcg;f demf}nf cfsfsf] d08 .
Wo ou gf) [;+)] Pl;of of]ksf] Oltxf;sf cfwfdf ;Eotf, ;+:s[lt, lzIff cflbsf b[li6n
] O;fsf ;ftf}Fb]lv ;qf}F ztfAbL;Ddsf] ;do k|frLg cfwlgs sfnsf aLrsf] sfn dWosfn .
> dWo ouLg lj) dWoou;DaGwL dWosfnsf] . dWoft gf) [;+) dWofq] ftsf] k"jf{4{ pQf4
Lrsf] ;do ftsf aLrsf] ;do cfwf ft . dWofqdWoflq gf) [;+)] dWoft . dWojtL{ lj) [;+
df x]sf] demdf x]sf] dWo:y . @= sg} klg kIfdf gnfUg] t6:y . #= sg} j[Q jf ]vfnfO{ a
]{ uL aLrdf ;\s]tsf] kdf x]sf] (laGb) . $= sg} ehfsf] zLif{laGbaf6 ;Ddv ehfsf] d
Wo laGbdf kfL lvlrPsf] (]vf) . dWoljQ lj) [;+)] cfly{s b[li6n] demf}nf :t ePsf] g wg
L g uLa . ~ ju{ gf) dWoljQ ePsf dflg;xsf] ;d"x dWod ju{ . ~ ;dfh gf) dWoljQ ju{ . dWo
Jo~hgfud gf) [;+)] dfemdf Jo~hg ylkg] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof . dWo ;Kts gf) [;+)] ;\
uLtzf:qsf cg;f :jxsf] ;fdfGo pRrf0f xg] cj:yf . dWo:y lj) [;+)] != aLrdf x]sf] dfe
] . @= s;}sf] kIfdf gnfUg], t6:y pbf;Lg . gf) #= bO{ kIfsf aLrdf xL sg} ljjfbsf] l
g0f{o ug]{ jf emu8f cflb ldnfpg]

dgdg ;+:sf/ dg! gf) [;+) dfg] rfnL; ;] jhgafasf] tf}n jf kldf0f . dg@ gf) [;+) dgM]
k|0fLxsf] cgej, OR5f, af]w, ljrf/, ;\sNkljsNk cflbnfO{ lgolGqt tyf klrflnt ug]{ cGt
s0fsf] c+z jf j[lQ gfs, sfg, cfFvf cflbaf6 yfxf kfOg] sfaf6 cfk"mnfO{ k|efljt kfg]{
cfGtls OlGb|o cGtMs0f lrQ lbn x[bo . @= OR5f sfdgf clenfiff ?lr . #= :jefj k|s[lt
o Ofbf ljrf . ~ sGy] lj) dgn] sy]sf] dgu9Gt . ~ sNkfO gf) dg sNkg] sfd jf efj cU3f]
. ~ slNkt lj) dgu9Gt dglrGt] . sfG5] gf) dgsf] cfsf\Iff dfgl;s OR5f jf cfsf\Iff d
wf]sf] dgf]y . sfdgf gf) != g]kfn clwfHosf] u08sL c~rncGtu{t uf]vf lhNnfdf cjl:yt Ps
k|l;4 eujtL . @= dgsf] OR5f jf clenfiff dgsfG5] dgf]sfdgf . sfL lj) kmSsf lbnsf] pb
dg ePsf] lbnbf . vt gf) dgdf nfu]sf] rf]6 dfgl;s bMv v]b . u9Gt lj) dgdf u9]sf]
Nkgf u]sf] skf]nslNkt lgfwf . u9Gt] lj) dg u9Gt . dgUu]dgUo lj) [dg of]Uo] dgn] l
z:t oy]i6 kpn kUbf] 5fnAofn . dgrL gf) [dg rf]] != dgsf] r~rntf dfgl;s cl:ytf .
. dglrGt] lj) [;+) dglZrlGtt] dgn] lrtfPh:tf] lbg] dgn] lrtfPhlt dgdflkmssf] OR5fcg
;fsf] . ~ emf]nL gf) dgn] lrtfPsf] sf t?Gt} lemSg ;lsg] egL k|l;4, Ps k|sfsf] sfNkl
gs emf]nL (bGTosyf cflbdf k|rlnt) . dgtftf] lj) [dGb tftf]] ;xg ;lsg]hlt tftf] s]xL
dfq tftf] clncln tftf] . dgg gf) [;+)] != dg nufP sg} sf ;f]Rg];Demg] sfd jf k|of; u
ysf] ;f]rfO ljrf lrGtg . @= cgdfg cGbfh c8sn . zLn lj) dgg ug]{ :jefjsf] ;f]rljrf
cfbt ePsf] lrGtgzLn ljrfzLn . > dggLo lj) dgg ug{ of]Uo ;f]Rg nfos ljrf0fLo . dg k
lqm) [dg k\ g] != ?lrs xg lrQabf] xg x[bon] :jLsf ug{ . ;) lqm) @= dg kfpg
} rfxgf ug{ . > dg kfO gf) dgkg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . dgkL lqm) lj) != fd|fg ] f
|f,] c;nvfa s]xL g;f]r ] dgnfuL dgkbL{ dgdfgL . lj) @= h:tf] dg nfUof] To:tf] p6k6f
sf] hyfefaL . dgkbL{ lqm) lj) != dgkL hyfefaL . lj) @= dgn] rfx]sL jf ?rfPsL lk|o nfU
g] (:qL)) . dgkbf] { lj) != dgn] rfx]sf] jf ?rfPsf] lk|o lrQabf] . lqm) lj) @= dgkL
986

hyfefaL . dgkfxf gf) nfdfnfdf vf, nfDrf] zL hfnLbf kGhf xg] Ps k|sfsf] n]sfnL Eof
f] . dgkt lj) dgn] kljq jf z4 7xofPsf] cGt/fTdfn] cgdf]bg u/]sf] . dg k]6 gf) [dg k
]6] leqL cfzo jf clenfiff dg x[bo cfFte]p . dg axnfp gf) [dg axnfp] sg} sfdf dgnfO{
g uL k|;Gg xg] jf ;do sf6\g] sfdsfObf . dgef]u gf) [;+) df]xgef]u] ;hL, d}bf cflb l
3pdf e6L lrgL, b"w cflb xfn] ksfOg] :jflbi7 gd vfg]s f] xnjf . dgdtL gf) [dg dt\ O
7df8f}F pkTosfsf] O{zfg sf]0fdf x]sf] dl0fr"8 kj{taf6 lg:sL sf7df8f}F eQmksf] aLr
af6 aUg] Ps gbL dgxf . dgdg lqm) lj) [dg dg] cn] g;Gg] uL dgdf dfq cfkm}df . > dgdg
lj) dgdgdf dgleq} (dgdg xs{ 8f]nL r9L ns{ pvfg) . dgdfgL lqm) lj) [dg dfg\ O{] OR5fcg
;f dgkL dgnfuL hyfefaL . dgd6fp gf) [lx) dgd6fj] bO{ yLsf aLr dgdg} xg] kmf6f]
o cd]n . dgdf]h gf) [dg df]h] != dgn] rfx]sf] h:tf] cfgGb jf ;v dgdflkmssf] df]h dgdf
}h . lj) @= dgn] lrtfPh:tf] dgkbL{ . > dgdf]hL lj) != dgn] rfx]sf] h:tf] df]h ug]{
dgdf]hdf nfUg] dgdf}hL . @= lglZrGt cnd:t . dgdf]xs lj) [;+)] != dgf]x ;Gb . @= dgnf
{ df]lxt kfg]{ . tf gf) dgdf]xs xgfsf] efj, cj:yf jf ljz]iftf . dgdf}h gf)x]) dgd
f}h . > dgd}hL lj) dgdf]hL . dg Tof}nL gf) [dg Tof}nL] dgsf] TofO dgf]~hg dgf]ljgf]
hf . dgnfuL lqm) lj) [dg nfu\ O{] h:tf] dg nfUof] To:t} u] dgkL hyfefaL . dgzlQm gf)
dfgl;s zlQm dgf]an . dglznf gf) [;+)] cfoj]{bLo cf}ifwLdf k|of]u ulg] Ps k|zf]lwt
vlghkbfy{ d}gl;n . dgZrIf gf) [;+)] != leqL dgsf] cfFvf cGtb[l{ i6 . @= 1fg ljj]s .
dglZrlsT;s gf) [;+)] dfgl;s f]usf] pkrf ug]{ lrlsT;s jf 8fS6 . dglZrlsT;f gf) [;+)]
dgf]lj1fgsf If]qdf f]uLsf] dgsf] ljZn]if0f uL cf}ifwf]krf ug]{ Ps ljz]if lrlsT;fljl
w dgsf] pkrf . dg ;+:sf/ gf) [;+)] dgsf] kl/isf/ lrQzl4 .

987

dg;fdg] dgfo gf) [g]jf)] ;]tf] k"mn nfUg], ;fgf] af]6 xg] j:tsf] k"mndf rfdnsf]
kL7f] ldnfO{ S;L, hfF8 cflb agfOg] sfddf k|of]u xg], k]8f cfsfsf] j:t drf{ . dgf
;n gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] uf]vf lhNnfdf kg]{ *,!^# ld6 cUnf] Ps lxdlzv . ~ uDaf gf) uf
f lhNnfsf] Nxf] ufpF eGg] 7fpFdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 uDaf . dgfl;a gf) [c) dgfl;a] pl
rt 7Ls of]Uo dgfl;a . dgfxL gf) [c)] lgif]w /f]Ssf dgfO . dlg gf) of]) [;+) d08L]
wkl tn dlg . dlg6 gf) [c\)] ljBfnoxdf sIff cgzfl;t kdf fVg tyf cGo cfjZostfsf nf
Psf] jf tf]lsPsf] ljBfyL{ sIffgfos . dlgtf] gf) [;+) dfGotf] != dfgufO ;Ddfg cfb . @=
dfgsf] k"s zAb (h:tf] dfgdlgtf]) . dlgdlg gf) [c) d") dlg (l))] != e]8fafv|fnfO{ af]n
pFbf elgg] zAb dlgdlg . @= e]8fafv|f (afnaf]nLdf) . dgL gf) [c\)] ?lkofFk};f wg . ~
cf8 x]) wgfb]z . dgLiff gf) [;+)] != dg jf dl:tissf] ljlzi6 zlStsf kdf ljsl;t clsn j
f al4 k|1f . @= clenfiff rfxgf sfdgf . > dgLifL lj) != al4dfg\ ljfg\ . @= ljrfzLn
dg gf) [;+)] != dgiosf d"n k?if dflgg], a|XdfhLsf 5f]f dgiosf k|ltlglw Ps k|l;
4 JolQm . @= rf}w qmdfut k|hfklt jf dGjGtsf d"n k?if (:jfo+ej  , :jff]lrif, pQd,
tfd;, }jt, rfIfif, j}j:jt, ;fjl0f{, bIf;fjl0f{, a|Xd;fjl0f{, wd{;fjl0f{, ?b|;fj
l0f{, f}Rob}j ;fjl0f{ OGb|;fjl0f{) . #= ;f]xLcg;f rf}wsf] ;\Vof . $= dflg; dgio .
%= dg cGtMs0f . dgSv] gf) [;+) dgio] dgio dflg; . dgh gf) [;+)] dgio dfgj . > dg
hflwk gf) gflwk fhf . dgjf gf) [;+) dfgj] dflg; dfG5] dfgj . dgio gf) [;+)] dflg;
dfgj . tf gf) dgio xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf dfgj xgfsf] lglDt rflxg] u0f dfgjtf . Tj
gf) dgiotf . ~ o1 gf) kfxgfnfO{ ulg] cfb cltly;Tsf . ofg gf) dflg;ff af]s] rnf
]nL kfNsL Dofg . ~ nf]s gf) dTo{nf]s k[YjL . dg ;+lxtf gf) [;+)] dgn] agfPsf] :d[lt
u|Gy dg:d[lt . dg:d[lt gf) [;+)] cflbdgn] agfPsf] dfgjLo cfr0faf] lj:t[t j0f{g ulP
sf] zf:q dgff lrt wd{zf:q dg;l+ xtf . dg] gf) [af) af])] afv|fsf] kf7f] jf kf7L .

dg;f! lqm) lj) [;+)] != dgn] dgff dgaf6 . gf) @= sZoksL Ps 5f]Lsf] gfd gfufh cgGtsL
L tyf hTsf? dlgsL kTgL . dg;f@ gf) [ dg;fo] != dgsf] OR5f dg;af rfxgf sfdgf . @= cl
k|fo cfzo tfTko{ . dg;fo gf) [c) dGzfo] clek|foM dG;f . dg;f jfrf sd{0ff lqm) lj) [;+
)] dg, jrg sd{n] dg, jrg sd{cg;f . dgl;h gf) [;+)] != k|0fof]Gdfb k|d ] . @= sfdb]
. dgl;nf gf) [;+) dgMlznf] w"k agfpFbf flvg] sL6gfzs u0f ePsf], ;Gtnf sf] Ps kbfy
{ . dg;g gf) [c\)] != Ctcg;f axg] jfo df};dL jfo . @= lxGbdxf;fu tyf a\ufnsf] vf
Laf6 vf; uL avf{ofddf axg] xfjf . #= jiff{Ct . ~ f]kfO gf) avf{ofddf nufOg] wfg . >
dg;'gL lj) dg;'g;DaGwL . dg;'af gf) [c) dG;"a] != dg;fo dg;f clenfiff dxjfsf
\Iff . @
sNk c7f]6 dG;'jf . dg:tfk gf) [;+)] dgsf] kL jf kL8f dfgl;s tfk, si6 jf b'Mv . dg:tf]
if gf) [;+)] dgsf] ;Gtf]if dfgl;s t[lKt . dgl:ylt gf) [;+)] dgsf] cj:yf dfgl;s l:ylt
. dgl:jtf gf) [;+)] dg:jL x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . dg:jL lj) [;+)] != dgsf] pRrtfn]
;DkGg a'l4dfg\ k|ltefzfnL . @= b[9 ;
\sNk ePsf] l:ydgf . #= pRr ljrf ePsf] . $= dgsf
f . dgx gf) wg;f . dgxf gf) [;+) dgf]xf] dgf]xf dgdtL (gbL) . dgf! gf) [;+) dlbf
cj; kf] ljleGg j:t' ld;fO{ agfOg] ux'F jf sf]bfsf] S;L . dgf@ gf) [ dgfxL] dgfxL dg
, lgif]w . dgfO gf) [ dfg\ (cfO)] != dfGg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [dgfpcfO] @= dgfp
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dgfOg' s) lqm) dfGg nfOg' dfGg] kflg' . dgfO gf) [c
) dgfxL] dgfxL lgif]w f]Ssf . dgfp gf) [dfg\cfp] dfGg] sfd ;xdlt :jLs[lt . dgfpg' ;
) [dfg\cfpg'] != kmsfO{kmNofO{ cfgf] agfpg v;L kfg{ . @= ;Demfpg aemfpg . #= c
f] kIfdf Nofpg xft lng . $= rf8kj{sf] pT;j jf dfOnf] ug{ . k|]) lqm) %= dfGg nf
pg dfGg] kfg{ lrQ aemfpg . dgfs\ lqm) lj) [;+)] != yf]} dfqfdf clnslt cNk dfqfdf
@= a8} . dgf gf) [ef]) a] g]kfnsf] u08sL c~rncGtu{t pQL lxdfnL If]qdf kg]{ Ps lhNn
f .

dgf]sfdgfdgf]x/ dgf]sfdgf gf) [;+) dgsfdgf] dgsf] sfdgf jf OR5f dgsfG5] . dgf]ut lj)
[;+)] dgdf cjl:yt dgdf x]sf] jf p7]sf] (efjgf, ljrf, sNkgf cflb) . jfb gf) ef}ltsjf
bL b[li6sf]0f glnO{ :jljj]ssf lg0f{onfO{ g} 7Ls 7xofpg] sNkgf tyf cgdfgsf cfwfdf
g} sg} ljifo jf sfsf] 7f]sjf ug]{ dt jf l;4fGt . dgf]h gf) [;+)] != sfdb]j dbg . lj)
= fd|f] ;Gb dgf]x . dgf]hut\ gf) [;+)] dfgl;s ;+;f dgsf] blgofF dgf]nf]s . dgf]1
)] != dgdf]xs fd|f] ;Gb . @= dg aem] sfd ug]{ . #= csf{sf] dgleq ns]sf] sf] ag]
St) . dgf]bzf gf) [;+)] dgsf] bzf jf l:ylt dfgl;s cj:yf dgf]j1 } flgs l:ylt . dgf]b
j \ u ] gf) [;+) dg pb\ju ] ] dgsf] pb\ju ] dgsf] rf~rNo dfgl;s pynkyn . dgf]gog
gf) [;+)] != dgn] f]Hg] sfd OR5fdtflassf] 5gf]6 . @= s;}nfO{ OR5fcg;f sg} kbdf ulg]
lgolQm . dgf]lgu|x gf) [;+)] dgnfO{ jzdf fVg] sfd dgdf p7\g] ljifojf;gfsf OR5f jf
j[lQnfO{ lgolGqt ug]{ sfd . dgf]gLt lj) [;+)] != dgf]gog ulPsf] f]lhPsf] rlgPsf] 5f
gPsf] . @= dg k]sf] . #= sg} :yfg jf kbdf lgoQm ugf{sf lglDt 5flgPsf] . dgf]efj gf
) [;+)] dgsf] efj jf ljrf dfgl;s clek|fo dgf]efjgf . dgf]efjgf gf) [;+)] dgsf] efjgf
jf cfzo dfgl;s ;f]rfO . dgf]lefd lj) [;+)] dgsf nflu ;vb dgnfO{ t[Kt kfg]{ dgf]x ;
. dgf]do lj) [;+)] != dgn] ;lxt dgn] oQm . @= dg;Fu ;DalGwt dfgl;s . ~ sf]z gf) j]b
fGtzf:qcg;f dg, cx\sf sd]{lGb|on] oQm ePsf] kfFr sf]zdWo] Ps dgf]dn gf) [;+)] f]if
8fxf, l; cflb dgsf b"lift efj jf ljrf dgf]ljsf . dgf]dfg gf) [dg dfg] != lbn}b]lvsf]
GhL lrQ ag] sfd dgn] dfGg] sfd . lqm) lj) @= v;LfhL;Fu :j]R5fn] . > dgf]dfgL lqm)
) lrQ aemfP :j]R5fk"js { dgf]dfg . dgf]dflnGo gf) [;+)] dgleqleq} ulD;Psf] j}ljf]w
f] efjgf lrQsf] kmf6f] dgd6fp . dgf]of]u gf) [;+)] sg} sfddf bQlrQ eP nfUg] k|jl[ Q
fgl;s Psfu|tf . dgf]~hs lj) [;+)] dgnfO{ k|;Gg ufpg] dgnfO{ k|km lNnt kfg]{ . tf gf
dgf]~hs xgfsf] u0f jf efj .
988

dgf]~hg gf) [;+)] dgnfO{ k|;Gg tNofpg] sfd lbn axnfpg] sfd dgf]ljgf]b . ~ s gf) rnlr
, gf6s cflb dgf]~hgsf ;fwgxdf nufOg] s jf zNs . dgf]y gf) [;+)] dgsf] clenfiff sfdgf
gsfG5] . dgf]d lj) [;+)] dg dfpg] cfsif{s ;Gb dgf]x . > dgf]df gf) != dgnfO{ cfg
fpg] :qL . @= ;:jtL . #= uf]f]rg . dgf]fu gf) [;+)] k|0fo cgfu k|d ] . dgf]fHo gf
!= dgkL fHo . @= sNkgfdf l;FuflPsf ;vb efjgf jf ljrf . dgf]f]u gf) [;+)] dfgl;s f]
@= :gfo;DaGwL f]u :gfoljs f]u . dgf]jf~5f gf) [;+)] dgsf] wf]sf] dgsf] OR5f clenfif
. > dgf]jfl~5t lj) dgn] rfx]sf] OlR5t . dgf]jfb gf) [;+)] != cfk"m dfq PSn} ugug
fpg] sfd :jut syg Psfnfk . @= To:tf] PSnf] jftf{nfkoQm ;flxlTos rgf . dgf]ljsf gf) [
;+)] PsfPs dgdf p7\g] tLj| tyf lj;\ut cfj]u dgsf] ljsfoQm efj jf ljrf . dgf]ljs[lt g
f) [;+)] != dfgl;s c:j:ytf jf lj;\ult dgsf] ljs[lt . @= ljlIfKttf kfunkg . dgf]lj1f
g gf) [;+)] dflg;sf dgsf] k|sl[ t, p;sf ljleGg cj:yf tyf lqmof To;df kg]{ k|efj c
flbsf] cWoog ljZn]if0f ug]{ lj1fg jf zf:q . dgf]ljgf]b gf) [;+)] dgf]~hg . dgf]ljZn
]ifs lj) [;+)] dgf]ljZn]if0f ug]{ . dgf]ljZn]if0f gf) [;+)] != sg} vf; k|sfsf f]u jf
ljsfnfO{ dgf]ju ] sf] bdg ugf{n] pTkGg ePsf] 7fg] pkrf ulg] cfwlgs dgf]lj1fgsf] Ps
zfvf dg :gfoljs[ltsf] pkrfsf nflu k|mfo8ff k|jlt{t Ps dgf]j}1flgs pkrfljlw . @= dgsf
ljZn]if0f . > dgf]ljZn]if0ffTds lj) dgf]ljZn]if0f g} d"n kdf x]sf] dgf]ljZn]if0fsf
dfWoddf cfPsf] . dgf]jl [ Q gf) [;+)] sg} sfdsf]tkm{ nfUg] jf To;af6 x6\g] dfgl;s l:
ylt jf emsfp dgsf] lqmofzLntf lrtj[lQ :jefj . dgf]j]u gf) [;+)] dgdf pTkGg xg] tLj
| cfj]u . dgf] j } 1 flgs lj) [ ;+ ) ] != dgf] l j1f;DaGwL . @= dgf]lj1fgzf:qsf 1
ftf . tf gf) dgf]j}1flgs xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . dgf]Joyf gf) [;+)] dgsf] e6f] dfgl
;s lrGtf, tfk jf si6 . dgf]x lj) [;+)] dgnfO{ nf]Eofpg] vfnsf] clt fd|f]

989

dgf]x/fdGqb|i6f k|dv . $= wfuf]df sf7sf] 6qmf jf 9\uf afFwL k:kdf cNemfO{ v]Ng ag
fOPsf] v]nf}gf . df != sg} sf jf ;d"xsf] cujfem}F eP rf}lt ulg] 3dfO . @= lblU
n] gf) [d08n P] != bnsf] k|dv  g]tf . @= sg} hdft jf bndf ;lqmo e"ldsf v]Ng] JolQm d
08nsf] rlr{t JolQm . lj) #= 5Nofxf abgfdL sdfPsf] pb\wt . $= csf] clxt lrtfpg] pkb|
jL . dG8L gf) [;+) d08g] != v;|f] afSnf] vfnsf] pmgLsf] cf]9\g] j:q w:;f . @= dfn
;fdfg yf]s laqmL ug]{ ahf . dGt\g ;) lqm) x]) dGqg . dGt gf) [;+) dGq] x]) dGq .
f) dGqtGq . dGtfO gf) [dGt\ cfO] dGtg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . dGt] lj) uGtLsf qmddf
;f}F hgfpg] qmdzM h]7f], dflxnf], ;flxFnf], sfOFnf], 7fOFnf], fOFnf], cGt], hGt], vG
t] dGt]df ;a}eGbf kl5sf] . dGtJo gf) [;+)] != dgsf] ljrf . @= ;Ddlt dt fo . #= sg
dlt jf u|Gy cflbdf k|s6 ulg] cfgf] sf jf k|:tfj jQmJo . dlGt lqm) lj) [dlg lt] dlG
] . dGqg ;) lqm) [;+) dGq g] != dGqsf] k|of]u ug{ dGq k9\g dGtg{ . @= emfkms ug
. #= dGq k9] sg} sf z4 kfg{ (h:tf] upFt dGqg) . $= sf l;sfpg ;Nnfx lbg . %= s
;6Ss s]xL eGg sfg]v;L ug{ (h:tf] sfg dGqg) . ^= rSnL nufpg . dGq gf) [;+)]
!= ;Nnfx dGq0ff kfdz{ . @= uKtL sf] uf]Ko jftf{ leqL x:o . #= j]bsf] Crf ;+lxtf .
b]jLaf6 c;fwf0f zlQm k|fKt ug{ hlkg] zAb jf jfSo . %= 6Gofxf, af]S;L, e"tk|]t cf
lbsf] nfuf] jf gfd|f] c; zfGt ug{ ;k{ laR5L cflbsf] ljif emfg{ emfkms]n] k|of]u ug
]{ zAb;d"x nfuf]efuf] x6fpg emfkms ubf{ pRrf0f ulg] jrg . sf gf) dGq agfpg] Clif
;"Stsf stf{ dGqb|i6f . u"9 gf) uKtL hf;; uKtr e]lbof . 1 gf) != ;Nnfxsf k
ljfg\ a|fXd0f . #= uKtr . $= tGqdGq hfGg] JolQm . dGq0ff gf) [;+)] != sg} dxjk"0f{
sfsf] 5nkmn fo;Nnfx kfdz{ . @= uKtL sf] . #= dGtJo . dGq tGq gf) [;+)] dGqsf] k|o
] sfd emfkms dGttGt . dGqbftf gf) [;+)] != dGq ;gfpg] JolQm bLIff lbg] cfrfo{ u?
uKtL sfsf] ;Nnfx lbg] JolQm . dGqbfg gf) [;+)] != dGq ;gfpg] sfd . @= ;Nnfx lbg]
sfd . dGqb|i6f gf) [;+)] dGqsf] 1ftf jf dGq lbg] Clif dGqsf .

;Gb cfsif{s . tf gf) dgf]x xgfsf] efj . dgf]xf gf) [;+)] != dgxf dgdtL . lj) @=
nf]Eofpg] (:qL) ;GbL . dgf]xfL lj) [;+)] dgnfO{ x0f ug]{ lrQfsif{s fd|f] nfUg] d
. dgf}tL gf) [dfg\ cf}tL] != dgfpg jf lrQ aemfpgsf nflu lbOg] j:t . @= cfgf] dgf]j
f~5f k"f ePdf b]jb]jLnfO{ k"hf, aln cflbn] ;Gti6 kfg]{ k|lt1f efsn . dG5g ;) lqm)
[;+) dr \ g] != bf]af6f] cflbdf e"tk|]t cflbnfO{ aln lbg e"tk|]t cflbnfO{ v;L
kfg]{ efu lbg dG;g kG;fpg . @= s k] s;}nfO{ sg} sf] lbP k7fpg . > dG5fO gf) d
lqmof jf k|lqmof . dG5fOg s) lqm) dG5g nfOg . dG5fpg k|]) lqm) dG5g nfpg dG;fp
g . dlG5g ;) lqm) != dG5g . s) lqm) @= dG5g] sfd ulg . dG5f}nf] gf) [k|f) d0f:;
pnf] < ;+) dgiosn] != ;dfh . @= dfgjs n . dG5f} N ofO gf) != dfgjtf . @= ;fdflhstf
. dGhg gf) [;+) dfh{g] != bfFt dfg] k|of]hgsf lglDt tof kflPsf] r"0f{ jf n]bf] kbfy{
. @= bltpg, a'?; cflbn] bfFt ;kmf ug]{ sfd bfFtsf] ;;kmfO . dGh' lj) [c)] != ;sflPsf
] :jLsf ulPsf] :jLs[t . gf) @= :jLs[lt cg'dlt . gfdf gf) sg} sfd, Jojxfdf olt sf
hLv';L 5 egL k|df0fsf lglDt lnlvt kdf lbOg] sfuh :jLs[ltkq . jfnf gf) sg} sfd sf u
gug{sf nflu :jLs[lt lbg] JolQm dGh ug]{ JolQm . > dGhL gf) dGh ug]{ jf ;sfg]{ sfd
k|:tfj cflbdf hgfOPsf] :jLs[lt ;xdlt . dlG6g c) lqm) x]) dlG6g . dG6] gf) [dG6f] P]
dG6fsf] dG6] . dG6];L gf) [c\)] lzzxsf] k|sl[ tcgk lzzlzIffdf hf]8 lbg] Ps lzIff
jb\ (k"f gfd d]lof dG6];L) . ~ ljlw gf) dG6];Lff ljsl;t, lzzxnfO{ v]nfpFb} ltgsf]
s ljsf; lzIffdf hf]8 lbg] Ps ljlw . ~ :sn gf) To:tf] ljlwff lzIff k|bfg ug]{ :sn
. dG6f] gf) x]) dG6f] . > dG6fO gf) dlG6g] jf dG6fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . dG6fOg s) lqm)
dG6fpg nfOg dG6fOg . dG6fpg ;) lqm) 3f]So|fpg ub{Gofpg unxTofpg dG6fpg .
) dlG6g] efj, cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof . dG8nL gf) [d08n O{] != ;fgf] Ps ;d"x ;fgf] bn .
@= sg} ;fd"lxs ;fxl;s sfd ugf{sf lglDt ;\ul7t hdft bn . #= sg} hdft jf ;d"xsf] ;j{>
]i7 JolQm hdftsf]

dGqk"tdGjGt/ dGqk"t lj) [;+)] dGqff kljq ufOPsf] dGq k9] kmlsPsf] . dGqaLh gf) [;+
dGqsf] klxnf] cIf jf kb . @= d"n dGq . dGqdUw lj) [;+)] df]lxt kflPsf] n tNofOPsf]
dxgL nfOPsf] dGq, 6gf cflbff jzjtL{ tNofOPsf] . dGq ljBf gf) [;+)] dGqtGq;DaGwL
ljBf emfkms] ljBf hfb6g  f. dGq ;+:sf gf) [;+)] != dGq u|x0f ugf{sf lglDt ulg] ;+:
f jf cgi7fg (hgg, hLjg, tf8g, af]wg, cleif]s, ljdnLs0f, cWofkg, tk{0f, bLkg uf]kg
gfds b; ;+:sf) . @= dGqtGqff ulg] ;+:sf . dGq ;+lxtf gf) [;+)] j]bsf ;Dk"0f{ dGq jf ;
Qmxsf] ;\u|x j]b . dGqfO gf) [ dGq ( cfO)] dGqg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dGqfOg
) lqm) dGqg nfOg . dGqfpg k|) ] lqm) dGqg nfpg . dGqfno gf) [;+)] sfo{ljefhgcg
;f dGqLsf a]Unfa]Un} k|dv  sfof{no (h:tf] kfi6 dGqfno, lzIff tyf v]nsb dGqfno u[xdG
fno O)) . dlGq0fL gf) [;+)] != dGqLsL kTgL dlGqgL . @= dGqLsf] sfd ug]{ jf kfdz{bft
f :qL . dlGqt lj) [;+)] != kfdz{ jf ;Nnfx lbOPsf] . @= elgPsf] af]lnPsf] . #= dGqff k
ljq tNofOPsf] cledlGqt . $= dGq lbOPsf] jf ;gfOPsf] . dlGqTj gf) [;+)] dGqLn] ug
]{ sfd dGqLsf] kb . dlGqg s) lqm) [dGq O g] dGqg] sfd ulg dGqsf] k|of]u ulg . dlGq
b\ gf) x]) dGqL kl/ifb\ . dlGqd08n gf) x]) dGqL d08n . > dlGqd08nLo lj) x]) dGqL d0
8nLo . dGqL gf) [;+)] != ;Nnfxsf kfdz{bftf sfhL cdfTo alh k|wfg . @= fHosf sg} l
fng ug]{ jf To;sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] k|dv clwsfL . #= sg} ;+:yf jf ljefusf] lgot kdf
sfd rnfpg] clwsfL ;lrj ;]qm]6L . dGqLklifb\ gf) [;+)] dlGqd08n . dGqLd08n gf) [;+)]
sg} b]z jf fHodf sfd ug]{ dGqLxsf] ;dbfo dlGqklifb\ Soflag]6 ldlg:6L . @= b]zsf] s
of jf cGo sg} dxjk"0f{ k|zf;lgs sfo{sf] lg0f{osf nflu a}7s a:g] dGqLxsf] ;dbfo . >
dGqLd08nLo lj) dlGqd08n;Fu ;DalGwt dlGqd08nsf] . dGyg gf) [;+)] != dwfgL rnfP bxL d
Yg] gf}gL lgsfNg]
990

sfd . @= dYg], xF8Ng] jf km]6\g] sfd . #= dwfgL . $= c0fLaf6 cfuf] lgsfNg] sfd .
%= sg} u"9 jf gjLg tj lgsfNgsf nflu kl>dk"j{s ulg] 5fglag . > dGygL gf) != bxL dYg]
7]sf] . @= dwfgL . dGy lj) [;+)] != dGb ;:t . @= vsn f] xf]nf] . #= gf;dem cwd . d
yf gf) [;+)] != s}s]oLsL dg k]sL ;]ljsf . @= lj) 3efF8f (:qL) . dGyfg gf) [;+)] != dw
fgL . @= dxfb]j lzj . #= dGbfrn kj{t . > dGyfgL gf) dGygL dwfgL . dGb lj) [;+)] != cs
f]{ eGbf ult, rfn, k|jfx, j]u cflb sd ePsf] l9nf] ;:t (dGb al4, dGb dlt O)) . @
= clws pu|tf jf tLj|tf gePsf] (dGb Hj, dGb ljif cflb) dTy . #= bi6 bZrlq . $= d"v{
1fgL h8 . %= ban { sdhf] . tf gf) dGb xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ dGb lqm) lj) la:tf
:tf} . dGbflsgL gf) [;+)] != kf0fcg;f :ju{df aUg] u\ufsf] wff . @= cfsfzu\uf . #=
o]s r0fdf bO{ gu0f bO{ u0f xg] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . dGbfqmfGtf gf) [;+)] k|To]s r/0f
df du0f, eu0f, gu0f, bO{ tu0f / cGtdf bO{ u? xg] / rf/ tyf gf} cIf/df olt x
g], ;q cIf/sf] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . dGbflUg gf) [;+)] f]uLsf] kfrgzlSt dGb xg] ef]s g
nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u chL0f{ ckr . dGbf gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf] gGbgjgsf kfFr k|l;4 j[Ifd
o] Ps . @= cfFssf] v . #= wtf]sf] af]6 . $= :ju{ . %= xfQL . ^= lx0oslzksf] Ps k
qsf] gfd . dlGb gf) [;+)] != a:g] 3 jf;:yfg ejg . @= k"hf cflb ugf{sf nflu d"lt{ :yfk
gf ulPsf] ejg b]jfno . #= sg} ljlzi6 zesfo{sf nflu ag]sf] ejg b]jfno . #= sg} ljlzi6
z e sfo{ s f nflu ag] s f] ejg (snfdlGb, ;flxTodlGb, lzIffdlGb cflb) . $= 5fpgL lz
lj . dGbf]bL gf) [;+)] fj0fsL kTgL do bfgjsL kqL . dGb| gf) [;+)] != uDeL Wjlg hf]
b . @= ;\uLtsf tLg k|sfsf :jdWo] ck]Iffs[t dGb xg] Ps :j . #= dfbn d[b\u . lj) $= ;
b dgf]x . %= v;L k|;Gg . ^= dGb wLdf (:j) . ~ ;Kts gf) ;\uLtdf :jxsf] ;aeGbf dl;
jf Wjlg . dGdy gf) [;+)] != sfdb]j . @= sfdjf;gf k|0fo k|d ] . #= ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] pG
gfO;f}F ;+jT; . > dGdyL lj) sfds sfdL . dGdo lj) [;+)] cfTddo cfTdlgi7 . dGjGt gf)
)] != a|Xdfsf] Ps lbgsf] rf}wf}F efu PsxQ

991

dG;gdd/ do" gf) [;+)] != dh . @= Ps k"mn . #= ;"o{ztssf rlotf Ps slj . $= kf
? kj{tleqsf] Ps kj{t . s]t  gf) :jfldsflt{s :sGb . ult gf) k|To]s r0fdf kfFr ou0f,
To;kl5 du0f, ou0f eu0f xg] rf}aL; cIfsf] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . ufdL gf) do"df ;jf xg]
flt{s]o . ~ k\vf gf) dhsf] KjfFvaf6 tof kflPsf] Ps yL k\vf . ~ lzvf gf) != efn] d
6fpsfdf xg] KjfFvsf] lzvf jf l;p . @= ;x;| a6L . d\g c) lqm) [;+) d0f g] != hLjhG
 jf k|f0fLsf] zLaf6 ;bfsf nflu k|f0f lg:sg cfo jf hLjgsf] cGt xg :ju]{ xg] d[To
 xg . @= jg:klt, j[If cflb cf]OnfP ;Sg . #= sfdsf] a9L rfkn] ;fx} si6 xg .
$= sg} sfdsfnfO{ cTolws dxjk"0f{ 7fg] To;sf nflu x]s k|sfsf] si6 ef]Ug tof xg . %
df kflht xg kf;f, kRrL; cflbdf sg} uf]6L cff vfOg . ^= gi6 xg gxg (nfh, ;\sf
cflb) . &= c;Xo si6 xg . d gf) [;+)] != d[To . @= dTo{nf]s k[YjL . dst gf) [;+)]
kGgf gfds Ps Tg . dSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ds\ s] != nfh, dfof, cgfu cflbn] cf dsf{pg] u
{P . @= bfFt cflbn] rkfP . d6\7L gf) af]tnsf] sfu jf lasf]{df RofkL 3dfP lemSg] emLh
tf] ;fwg . d0f gf) [;+)] != dg]{ sfd jf efj d[To b]xfGt lgwg . @= ;flxTodf ljof]udf
d0ff;Gg xg] cj:yfsf] Ps JolerfL efj . zLn lj) dg]{ :jefj jf wd{ ePsf] . > d0ffGtd0
ts lj) != gd?Gh]n dfq xg] d]kl5 cGt xg] . @= Hofb} si6k"0f{ bMvbfoL . d0ffzf}r gf)
kmGt s;}sf] d[To xgfn] ;DaGwL jf aGwju{nfO{ nfUg] h7f] d[Tosf] cfzf}r . d0ff;
Gg lj) dg{ cfF6s ] f] dg{ nfu]sf] dg]{ l:yltdf ku]sf] . d0ff]Q lqm) lj) dl;s]kl5 d
l5 d[Topk|fGt . d0ff]Gdv lj) d0ff;Gg . d0ff]kfGt gf) d]kl5 d[TokZrft\ . dg gf
d0f d[To . 3f6 gf) d;fg ;fu . dGRofF; ] lj) [d0f RofF;]] tTsfn} dlxfNnf ls h:tf
kmsL9n . dd! gf) [kmf) dd{] Ps lsl;dsf] ;]tf] lrNnf] 9\uf] . dd@ lqm) lj) [c) d")
)] != emf] j:t rkfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL ddL . @= ;s]sf kftklt\u dfl8Fbfsf] cfjfh lg:s
gf) #= To:tf vfnsf] zAb jf Wjlg . > ddtL lqm) lj) dd .

rto{usf] ;do . @= dg . dG;g ;) lqm) [ dG5g] dG5g kG;fpg . dG;f gf) kx]n F f] e
; nfDrf] u]8f xg] demf}nf vfnsf] Ps k|sfsf] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn . dG;fO gf) [ dG;
( cfO)] dG;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dG;fOg s) lqm) dG;g nfOg . dG;fpg k|)
] lqm) dG;g nfpg dG;g] kfg{ . dkfO{ gf) [dkfO{] F cfkm}Fn] cfk"mnfO{ 7"nf] jf ;D
dflgt 7xofpg] rfn cfTdfledfg a8Kkg . dkmt lj) [c) d't] != s]xL glbO{ jf ljgfd"No k|fK
t ePsf] . lqm) lj) @= ljgfd"No l;Q} d't . dkmtL lj) ljgf d"Nosf] d'kmtL . dkmn gf) [
sDtL rf}8f x'g] ;fgf] unaGbL . dlef gf) wfgsf] h:tf] hf, sfnf] sGb, d'6' cfsfsf] kf
t ;]tf k"mn x'g] Ps lxdfnL a'6L . dd! ;j{) [;+)] != d]f] cfgf] . gf) @= nf]e . dd@dd
f gf) [ df]df]rf] d}bfsf] d'5s ] f] kL7f]leq d;nfbf df;'sf] w"nf] xfn] ;;fgf 8Nnf kfL
akmfP tof kflPsf] vfB kbfy{ df]df]rf . ddtfddTj gf) [;+)] != dd jf d]f] eGg] efj, l
iftf jf ;dem :g]x dfof cg'fu (h:tf] afa'cfdfsf] cfgf] ;Gtfgk|lt x'g] ddtf) . @= dgdf
'g] sg} k|sfsf] df]x jf nf]e . #= d 7"nf] x'F eGg] cledfg 3dG8 . do! k) ;) [;+)] != c
Absf kl5lNt ufFl;P tb\ktf, ljsf, k|r'tf cflb cy{ a'emfpg] tl4t k|Too (h:tf] s?0ffdo,
]hf]do, hndo, bofdo O)) . do@ gf) @= kf08jxsf lglDt eJo ejg agfOlbg], :yfkTosnfdf
lgk'0f Ps bfgj . do# gf) != d]lS;sf]sf] k|frLg hflt . @= ;f] hfltsf] ;Eotf . don!
gf) s]xL ;fg]f 6f]{ :jfb ePsf] Ps hftsf] gf:kftL . don@ gf) [;+) dn] != zLaf6 lg:sg]
ljsf (skm, kl;gf, lji7f cflb) . @= bf]if ljsf . #= kmf]xf] kbfy{ s; . donkf]; gf) [c
dofldgkmf) kf]z] t'gf afFw ] ;'?jfnsf ;fy hLpdf nfOg], emG8} 3'F8f;Dd nlqPsf] Ps
lsl;dsf] km]jfn kf];fs na]bf bf}f . dofFn ' lj) x]) dofn' . dofo' gf) ;sfn] bofdfof
}nfO{ cfo:tf vfg lbPsf] hUuf jf eQf . dofn' lj) [dfofFdfofcfn'] dfofFn' dfofn' :g]xdo
L . do"v gf) [;+)] != ls0f lZd sflGt . @= rds bLlKt pHofnf] k|sfz . #= Hjfnf nKsf]
f]ef .

dd/Ddtd/f}k/f} ddDdt gf) [(l)) dDdt] dDdt ddd{t . ddL lqm) lj) [ddO{] dd
lb ug]{ sfd dd{t ;Def . ddofO gf) [ ddofp (cfO)] ddofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
s) lqm) dd zAb cfpg] uL rkfOg' . ddofpg' ;) lqm) [ddofpg'] != dd zAb cfpg] uL
@= ;'s]sf kftklt
\u, vf]:6f, gn cflb df8\g' . dd;nf gf) [(l)) d;nf] != hLf, dLr, wlg
cflb tsfLdf xfNg] d;nf o:t} c rLh . @= kfg ;'kfL Njf
, ;'sd]n cflb vfg] dnf . dl
(l)) ldhf;] fd|f] ;'xfpFbf] ldhf;, afgLa]xf]f, af]nL cflb . ddf]nflxhf gf) [(l)) df]n
lxhf] vv';fdb df]nflxhf a]xf]f . dDdt gf) [c)] != 6'6k ] m ' 6]sf jf eTs]lau|s ] f j:
' agfpg] sfd dd{t . @= s;}nfO{ lk6kf6 kf] fd|f] af6f]df nufpg] sfd (nfIfl0fs cy{df)
. > dDdtL lj) dDdt ulPsf] dDdt ug'{kg]{ . dj6 gf) n8fOFdf dg]{ JolQmsf 5f]f5fL, :
bnfO{ 5f]f sdfpg ;Sg] gx'Gh]n e0fkf]if0fsf nflu lbOg] hUufhldg jf j[lQ d]kl5sf] Ogfd
(lbJo)) . dxL gf) [k|f)] 7"n7"nf kft, 6'Kkfdf ftf] lsl;dsf nK;Lsf u]8fsf cfsfsf] k"m
n x'g] Ps a'6L . dx6\7f gf) dxffi6sf lgjf;L, dxffi6L df7L . dfO gf) [ d\ (cfO)
of jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dfO gf) dfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . dfOg' s) lqm) dg{ nfOg' dg]{ k
flg' . dfpg' k|) ] lqm) dg{ jf dfg{ nfpg' . df7L lj) dxffi6sf] dxffi6;DaGwL . gf)
gjf;L dxffi6sf] efiff . dfn gf) [;+)] != hxfF; fhx+; . @= Ps hnr kIfL sf08j . #=
afbn . %= abdf; . dlr] lj) [dLrP] != dLrh:tf] lkf] . @= ;fgf] eP klg s8f :jefjsf] (d
lg;) . ~ vf];f{gL gf) ;fgf l9F8L x'g] lkf] vfnsf] vf];f{gL . dlg' c) lqm) [d\Og'] !=
f0f Tofu ulg' . @= nlHht eOg' . dld]6\g c) lqm) [d\ O d]6\ g] sg} sfdsf nflu cbDo k
{ lbnf]Hofg lbP sfddf ;+nUg xg . > dld]6fO gf) dld]6g \ ] sfd . dld]6fOg s) lqm)
992

dld]6\g nfOg . dld]6fpg k|]) lqm) dld]6\g nfpg . dld]l6g c) lqm) sg} sfdsf nflu
o k|of; ulg k|f0f} lbg] uL sfddf nflug . dld]6L lqm) lj) dld]6g \ ] lsl;dn] lbnf]H
lbP . dloft gf) [;+) d0fofqf] dnfdL . dLr gf) [;+)] nfDrf ;fgf kft x'g], e'mKkf k
f sfnf u]8f kmNg] Ps nxf] jf To;}sf] kmn . ~ a'f gf) k|foM 3a'gf sk8fdf sfnf yf]Knfy
f]Knf b]lvg] lx;fan] flvPsf a'f dLrsf h:tf a'f . dLlr gf) [;+)] != k|yd dg'af6 pTkGg
sf b; d"n k'?ifdWo] Ps a|Xdfsf b; dfg; k'qdWo] Ps k|hfklt . @= ls0f sflGt rds . #= d[
ut[i0ff . $= ;Ktlif{dWo]sf Ps k|frLg Clif . > dLlrsf gf) d[ut[i0ff d[udLlrsf . dLr] l
) x]) dl/r] . d?! gf) t'n;Lsf h:tf kft x'g,] ;fgf uf]nfuf]nf ;]tf k"mn x'g] Ps jG
o a'6L d?jf . d?@ gf) [;+)] pm; hldg d?e"ld . d?# c) lqm) [g]jf)] 5}g gePsf] (9 d?)
?O{ gf) [;+) dw'f] nfDrf kft, ftf k"mn, ;]tf 6Lsf6Lsf k]sf xlof kmn 7"nf] sGb x'g] P
nxf] . d? u0f]z gf) sfi7d08k jf sf7df8f}Fsf] 5]pdf x]sf Ps k|l;4 u0f]z czf]s ljgfos
. d?t\ gf) [;+)] != xfjf jfo' . @= jfo'sf b]jtf . #= k|f0f . > d?Tjfg\ gf) != xg'd
fg\ . @= OGb| . d?Bfg gf) [;+)] d?e"ldsf] l;nf] jf ;]lknf] hldg . d?e"ld gf) [;+)]
kfgL geO{ ;j{q afn'ja } fn'jf ePsf], Hofb} ;'Svf hldg ]lu:tfg d?:yn . d?n] gf) [t'n)
g]kfnL df?gL, df}n]] ;]tL c~rnsf] c5fd lhNnfx'b F f] k|To]s jif{ efb|;
\qmflGtsf lb
g ;fj{hlgs kdf dgfOg], ufO{hfqf;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf] Ps rf8 . d?jf! lj) [d\pjf] != dg]{ l
sl;dsf] d] hfg] . @= axfnjfnf hflubf sf]xL d] lQm x'g uPsf] (sg} kb jf vfGuL) . d?
[;+) d?j] x]) d? (a'6L) . d?:yn gf) [;+)] d?e"ld ]lu:tfg . db\leb\ gf) [;+)] d?e"lddf
kfOg] af]6la?jf . df]6df}6 gf) [d\cf}6] dg]{ sfd dfO . ~ 5fklatf{ gf) k'/fgf] rn
]zsf] enfOsf lglDt k|f0f lbg] dflg;sf ;GtfgnfO{ ;sfaf6 hLljsfsf nflu lbOg] latf{ .
> df}6 ] lj) != d]sfsf nflu ulg] d[tssf p2]Zosf] . gf) @= dg]{ f]u 9L . df}6f] g
lgldQsf] j:t' d[tssf p2]Zon] lbOg] j:t' . df}kf} gf) [d\cf}k\cf}] dbf{kbf{sf] cj:

993

ds{gdd{:kzL{ t]nfL dfln; . @= u8\g] jf ldRg] sfd cfldrfO . #= ;tfpg] sfd . $= gfz
z . db{n gf) [;+)] d[b\usf 5fF6sf] Ps yL k|frLg tfnafhf .  fpFbf] sfd axfbL kf}v .
f{u \ L gf) [kmf) dbf{guL] db{;x dbf{gf lj) [kmf)] != db{sf] db{;u F ;DalGwt (wf]tL,
zf}rfno cflb) . lj) hgfgf . dbf{ kbf{ lqm) lj) [d\ bf k\ bf] ufx|f; ] f\uf| ] k]sf] a
cK7]f] l:ylt b]v] . dlb{t lj) [;+)] != db{g ulPsf] dfln; ulPsf] dfl8Psf] . @= kLl8t
= bafOPsf] . $= gfz kflPsf] ljWj:t . dBf{O gf) [db{ofOF] != db{ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
k'?ifTj k'+:Tj . @= db{sf] u'0f jf cj:yf jLtf kfqmd . dd{ gf) [;+)] != rf]6k6s nfUbf
f PSsfl; ah|b F f ;fx|} b'Vg] Hofg;d]t hfg] ;Defjgf x'g] zLsf] sf]dn c
\u dd{:yn . @=
zLsf xf8, g;f cflbsf] hf]gL{ ;lGw:yn . #= u'KtL sf] cfGtls x:o e]b . $= leqL cfzo
efj tfTko{ . %= leqL rf]6 cfGtls j]bgf dsf{ . 3ftL lj) != dd{df rf]6 k'ofpg] ;fx|
pg] . @= dgdf cf3ft k'ofpg] . > dd{R5]bg gf) != s;}nfO{ dgdf rf]6 k'Ug] uL jrg nfpg
] sfd . @= dd{df cf3ft k'ofpg] sfd . dd{R5]bL lj) dd{R5]bg ug]{ dgdf, lbndf rf]6 k'o
fpg] dd{eb ] L . 1 lj) != dd{ hfGg] . @= x:osf] ;'OFsf] kfPsf] . #= jf:tljs tj;Fu kl
rt tj1 . dd{t gf) [c) dDdt] != lau|s ] f] jf 6'6k ] m ' 6]sf] j:t'nfO{ km]l 7Ls kf]
] cj:yfdf Nofpg] sfd . @= 7Ls af6fdf Nofpg ulg] dflk6 (nfIfl0fs cy{df) . dd{eb ] g
f) [;+)] != dd{df rf]6 k'ofpg] sfd dg b'vfpg] Jojxf . @= x:o vf]Ng] sfd x:osf] pb\3f6
. > dd{eb ] L lj) != dd{:yndf rf]6 k'ofpg] dd{R5]bL . @= ;tfpg] Hofb} b'Mv lbg] . g
f) #= af0f . dd{ lqm) lj) [;+)] != ;'Svf kftklt
\u, vf]:d]f cflb rnfpFbf jf xNnFbf zAb
cfpg] uL . gf) @= To:tf] zAb jf cfjfh . dd{ jrgdd{ jfSo gf) [;+)] x[bodf cf3ft kg]
{ sf] dgdf rf]6 kg]{ jrg . dd{ljb\dd{jQ ] f gf) [;+)] dd{1 . dd{j]wL lj) [;+)] dd{e]b
. dd{:yndd{:yfg gf) [;+)] != dd{ kg]{ 7fpF rf]6 nfUbf ;fx|} b'Vg] Hofg klg hfg ;Sg
] zLsf] sg} sdnf] efu . @= xf8, df;' cflbsf] hf]gL{ ;lGw:yn . dd{:kzL{ lj) [;+)] != x
[bodf 5f]P tLj| k|efj kfg]{ dfld{s . @= dgdf cf3ft k'ofpg] dd{e]bL .

ljkt\df x]gk {' g]{ c j]nf ;3fpg'kg]{ l:ylt . ds{g! c) lqm) [dfs g] != efFlrPem}F x
g 6]l9g af\lug . @= lgdf]l7g a6flg . #= dd{ rkfOg . ds{g@ c) lqm) [;+) db{g
f c\uk|To\u efFlrg], vFhfxf xg] uL lgdf]l7g jf a6flg . @= ssL hLp vfg 8fxf xg
s{6 gf) [;+)] != afFb n\u" . @= dfsf] . #= ;f; . $= Ps lsl;dsf] ljif . ds{L gf) [
] kff]sf] afkm flvPsf], gnL cfsfsf] , Hofb} pHofnf] k| s fz lbg] lah n L aQL (6anfO
6) . dsf{ gf) [ds{ cf] != sg} rLhsf] cefj v8\sgfn] xg] lknf] rsf]{ vfFrf] . @= c8\sfp
afwf . #= cGofo . $= cfGtls j]bgf dd{ . dsf{O gf) [ ds{ ( cfO)] != ds{g] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . [dsf{p cfO] @= dsf{pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dsf{Og s) lqm) ds{
g nfOg . dsf{pg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != xftn] ;dft] kkL a]g{ jf a6fg{ lgdf]7\g . @=
dd{ kg]{ uL xft, vf cflb a\Uofpg efFlrPnfh:tf] kfg{ . #= ysfO d]6\g cf tfGg hf];
cf rnfpg . dls{g  c) lqm) [ds{ O g] != ds{g . @= ds{g] jf lgdf]l7g] xf]Og . dsL{ g
f) [;+) ds] != eO{Ftnf cflbdf jh| 7f]Sg] sf7sf] d\u|f] . @= vf]sL;lxtsf] ?3fsf]
hf] ?3fvf]sL . dr{dfg] gf) dl;gf 5f]6f5f]6f sf];f xg] Ps hftsf] s]f . drf{ gf) hfF8
L cflb agfpg] cGgdf cgkft ldnfO{ 3f]lng] Ps k|sfsf] d;nf . dhf{ gf) ljjfxsf ;dodf
hGtLnfO{ vjfpg s]6fkIfsfn] s]6LkIfnfO{ lbOg] wfg, rfdn cflb f;g . (ljz]iftM sfn
Lsf]6 lhNnfsf dtjfnL If]qLxdf k|rlnt) . dhL{ gf) [c) dhL] != cx|f]6 cfb]z cf1f cf8 .
sg} sfdsfdf lbOg] ;xdlt dGhL :jLs[lt . #= f0ffzf;gsf ;dodf k| w fgdGqLeGbf tnsf pR
lwsfLn] lbg] cf1f . $= dg;af OR5f . dtf{ktf{ gf) [d\ tf ktf{] }tL dgf{n] afFemf] x]s
uf . dTo{ gf) [;+)] != dfG5] dgio dfgj . @= dTo{nf]s k[YjL . lj) #= gfz xg] jf dg]
{ :jefj ePsf] d0fzLn . dy{L gf) cnvf s7fnf] gePsf] Xjfnf{] syf{ . db{ gf) [kmf)] !=
f hfltsf] JolQm nf]Ug]dfG5] k?if efn] . lj) @= k?if hfltsf] k+:Tj ePsf] . #= zlQm
zfnL jL hdfdb{ . $= ;fx;L cfF6L . db{g gf) [;+)] != hLpdf t]n, asjf cflb 3:g] sfd

ddf{3ftdnfj/f]w ddf{3ft gf) [;+)] dd{:yndf ulPsf] cf3ft lbndf k]sf] rf]6 . ddf{Gtsddf
lGts lj) [;+)] x[bodf ulxf] rf]6 kg]{ dd{eb ]L. ddf{Gj]if0f gf) [;+)] dd{ jf leqL x:o
sf] vf]hLlgtL x:o kQf nufpg] sfd j:ttYosf] cGj]if0f . ddf{xt lj) [;+)] dd{df cf3ft
ulPsf] x[bodf ulxf] rf]6 nfu]sf] kLl8t . ddf]{b\3f6g gf) [;+)] leqL uXo sf] k|sfzdf
fpg] sfd x:osf] pb\3f6g . dofs gf) [c) d") dofs\ c] rkfpg], efFlrg], bf]la|g] cflb rfn
jf zAb . ~ dofs gf) d"nf, sfFqmf] cflb 6f]lsg] j:t rkfpg] jf rkfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL
. ~ d?s lqm) lj) != emf] j:t bfFtn] rkfpFbf zAb cfpg] uL dofsdofs . @= efFRg] jf l
df]7g \ ] rfnn] efFrer F . > dofSs lqm) lj) != emf] rLh hf]8;Fu rkfpFbf zAb cfpg]
uL . @= PSsfl; efFlrg] jf efFRbf cfjfh lg:sg] rfnn] . #= ;x;f ds{g] jf dsf{pg] rf
nn] . dof gf) [c) d") dof\ c] sfFqmf], ds} cflb rkfpg] rfn jf zAb . dofd? lqm)
]8fu8L (ds}, e6df; cflb) rkfpg] uL . > dof\ lqm) lj) Ps} v]kdf dofsf] j]u, rfn jf z
f ;fydf . dof{bf gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf] olt;Dd ug{ xG5 eGg] jf oxfF;Dd hfg ;lsG5 e
Gg] 6\uf] ;Ldf xb . @= kDkfut Lltlylt rfnrng . #= g}lts aGwg . $= k|rlnt lgod Jofj
|0ffnL . %= san k|lt1f . ^= OHht k|lti7f dfg . &= ;fljs cfr0f wd{ . *= tf]lsPsf] ;do
glZrt cjlw . (= lsgff t6 . ~ kfnskfng gf) ;bfrf jf kDkfut gLltlgodsf] kfng . ~ k?i
gf) bzysf kq fd . ~ e\u gf) dof{bf jf g}lts ljlwljwfg kfng gug]{ sfd dof{bfsf] pNn\3
. > dof{bL lj) != dof{bfsf] fd|f] kfng ug]{ ;bfrfL . @= lglZrt ;Ldfleq x]sf] . dnf{G
t lj) [;+) d0ffGt] != rf]6k6s cflb nfu] jf lafdL k] dg]{ cj:yfdf kus ] f] . @= ;fx|}
yfs]sf] nofF:; . d:of{\bL gf) [ef]) a)] dlQmgfy 8fF8fsf] k"jL{ 9fnaf6 k}bf eO{ dul
ndf lqz"nL gbL;Fu ldl;g] ;Ktu08sLdWo]sf] Ps k|l;4 gbL . dn\g ;) lqm) [;+) db\{ g] !=
xftuf]8f ldRg df8\g . @= t]n, asjf cflb hLpdf bNg dfln; ug{ . #= 3f]6] jf bn] s
} j:tx cfk;df ldnfpgfsf nflu d5\g . #= v;fdb ug{ (xft dNg) . dn gf) [;+)] !=
don s; . @= zLaf6 lg:sg] ljsf (vsf, l;Fufg, sfg]uhL, lrk|f cflb) . #= lji7f ux .
=
994

wftsf] s; sL6 lvof . %= ljsf bf]if . ^= g}lts jf wfld{s ckfw kfk . &= l3psf] lanfpgL
jf t]nsf] sftL . *= 5fnfsf] nuf . (= sk" . !) af]6la?jf xsf{pgfsf nflu df6fdf l
dnfOg] pj{s tj vfb . ~ vfN8f] gf) uf]7s6]f];Fu} x]sf], uf]a, esff] cflb hDdf ug]{ 7
agfpgfsf nflu 3fF; ;f]t cflb sxfpg] vfN8f] . ~ rfbL gf) sd;n vfnsf] jf s; ePsf] rfFb
L . ~ 8f]sf] gf) av]{ dn v]tafLdf k'ofpFbf af]Sgsf nflu k|of]u ulg] 8f]sf] . f gf)
lg:sg] Kjfn u'bf . dng gf) [;+)] != lnkkf]t . @= 3;3f; . dnd gf) [c) dxd] 3fp, vl6f
lbdf nufOg] Ps n]l;nf] cf}ifwL n]k k|nk ] dnxd . ~ kL 3fpvl6f cflbdf dnd cflb nfP T
fly afFlwg] kL . dndn gf) Ps hftsf] ;]tf] ldlxg sk8f . dndf; gf) [;+)] clws df; k'?i
ff]Qd dlxgf . dnd"q gf) [;+)] d"qh o'lof gfO6fh ] g dn . dno gf) [;+)] != eftsf] blI
efudf cjl:yt Ps kj{tz[
\vnf dnofrn . @= rGbg >Lv08 . dnofu?dnoflul gf) [;+) d
\uNofu?
]tf efjsf k"mn, xlof kmn, nfDrf kft ;]tf sf08 x'g] Ps k|sfsf] v jf To;}sf] kmn . dn
ofrn gf) [;+)] eftsf] blIf0f efudf x]sf], >Lv08sf j[If kfOg] Ps k|l;4 kj{t dnoflul .
dnoflgn gf) [;+)] dnofrn kj{t eP cfpg] ;'uGwL xfjf dno;dL blIf0fL xfjf . dn;fk|f] gf
}f] sfnf]
sf], GofpLd';fsf cfsfsf] Ps jGo hGt' . dn;f
\nf] gf) [dn;f
\nf]] dn ePsf
'g] sfnf]sfnf]
sf] ;f
\nf] . dnxd gf) [c) d/xd] x]) dnd . ~ kL gf) dndkL . dnfO gf)
(cfO] dNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dnfOg' s) lqm) dNg jf ldRg nfOg' . dnfO{
gf) b"wsf] t a;f}FbL 5fnL IfL;f . dnfpg' k|) ] lqm) [dn\cfpg'] dNg jf ldRg nfpg' .
f) d[t JolQmsf] bfx;+:sf ug{ lgot :yfgdf jf d;fg3f6df n}hfg] sfd zjofqf . > dnfdL g
f) dnfd hfg] dflg; d'bf{sf] ;b\ultsf nflu ;fy hfg] JolQm . dnfof] gf) 7"nf] s]fpsf
bfgfhqf ftf, u'lnof efjsf cldnf u]8f x'g], e'mKkf kmn kmNg], cfFVn}lkR5] nfDrf ls
l;dsf af6'nf kft x'g] k|foM r"s agfOg] Ps hftsf] n]sfnL nxf] jf To;}sf] kmn . dnf
jf]w gf) [;+)] != v'n] lb;f gx'g] cj:yf slAhot . @= uf]6f kg]{ l:ylt .

995

dnfzod;Ss ptflt/ 9Nsf] .) dNsf]@ gf) [;+) d"ns] kfgLsf] k|jfx wff . dlNvg' c) lqm) [d
Nv'Og'] ds}sf] kmUNofF6f] kg'{ dNv' x'g' . dNv' gf) [;+) DnIf] != v;|f] kf] lkFwL kmU
ofF6f] kflPsf] ds} . @= k[YjL fhdfu{df kg]{ Ps vf]nf] ;f]xL vf]nfglhssf] a:tL . >
dNv] lj) != 6'S|ofOPsf] vf]:6fOPsf] . @= dNv'h:tf] . dNofsldlns lqm) lj) [(l)) c) d")
ldlns\c] != cfsfzdf emNofse'mn's lah'nL rlDsg] uL . @= sfd sf] t?Gt} ;dfKt xg] lsl
;dn] emf6em6 . 
\ c] != lh1f;f, dNofsdns  lqm) lj) [(l)) c) d") dns eo, z\sf c
flbsf sf0fn] jk x]g]{ uL kNofskns . @= cfFvf 5n] tTsfn} ;fdfg a]kQf kfg]{ uL . dNn
[;+)] != g]kfnsf] kj{t lhNnfcGtu{t, dNnfhjf;L Iflqohflt . @= g]kfnsf] dWosfnLg
Oltxf;df k|l;4 zf;sju{ . #= Go4df kf]Vt JolQm kxndfg . ~ e"ld gf) != dNno4 ug]{ 7f
pF . @= dNnxsf] d"nynf] . ~ o4 gf) Go4 s:tL . ~ ljBf gf) s:tL v]Ng l;sfpg] snf k
ljBf . zfnf gf) dNne"ld . dNnf gf) [;+)] ;\uLtzf:qdf k|l;4 d]3fusf] Ps flugL . dNnf
) [c)] 8u \ f jf gfp rnfpg] k];f ePsf] JolQm af]6] dfemL . dlNn8f] gf) != hLfh:tf] u
8f kmNg] t leq u'bL gx'g] k|foM wfgv]tdf x'g] aG;f]h:tf] Ps emf . @= xn'jfj]bh:t}
t cldnf] kmn kmNg] Ps jg:klt vh'L yfsn lrf}8 F f] . dlNnsf gf) [;+)] != pHh ;'uGw
] a]nLh:tf] Ps k"mn Ps hftsf] rd]nL k"mn . @= dfntL nxf] jf To;}sf] k"mn . > dlNns
fh'g { gf) >Lz}ndf cjl:yt lzjsf] Ps Hof]ltln{
\u . dNnL! gf) [;+)] != dlNnsf . @= d
Nn fhfl;t ;Da4 jf ltgn] rnfPsf] (d'b|f, h:tf] dx]Gb|dNnL) . dNnL@ lj) [dNnf]O{] dfly
Nnf] dflysf] dfly ePsf] . dNnf] gf) r'Rrfr'Rrf lrNnf kft x'g] Ps j[If . dzs gf) [;+)
] != nfdv'] . @= kfgL fVgsf nflu agfOPsf] 5fnfsf] y}nf] . #= hLpdf lg:sg] Ps k|sfsf
] sf]7L jf d';f] . dzfg gf) [;+) Zdzfg] x]) d;fg . dzfn gf) [c)] x]) d;fn . d;Ss lq
m) lj) [c) d") d;s\s] != alnof] uL afFWg] rfnn] d:sg] jf d:sfpg] uL . @= sg} sfdsf]
Ps cfF6\g] uL ;x;f . #= wfs jf nfh dfGg] rfnn] ;df{P .

dnfzo gf) [;+)] k]6leq nfbL xg] y}nf] nfb|f] . dnfxf gf) [c) dNnfx] gfljs dNnfx dfemL
. dlnluL gf) ljleGg cfsfsf kft x'g,] e]6g \ ' ePsf] sk"h:tf] k'mNg] (n];L ;d"xsf]) af
:gfbf Ps af]6 . dlng lj) [;+)] != dn ePsf] l3gnfUbf] kmf]xf] . @= cz'4 ckljq . #= pHH
n gePsf] cFWoff] dlng' . $= cf]OnfPsf] lg:t]h . %= gLr sk6L . ^= kfkL b'Zrlq . tf
ng x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . dlng'! lj) [;+) dlng] x]) dlng . dlng'@ s) lqm) [dn\Og'] d
Ng] sfd ulg' dfl8g' dfln; ulg' . dlnd; lj) [;+)] != sfnf] sN;f}Fbf] . @= dlng . dlnnf
! lj) [;+)] != sfnf] sN;f}Fbf] . @= dlng . dlnnf]@ lj) [dnOnf]] dn k'u]sf] pAhfp x'g]
vfnsf] pj{ (df6f] jf hUufhldg) . dn'sf]! lj) kfOg s8f gePsf] dn'jf . dn'sf]@ gf) lxd
fnodf kfOg], ss{nfsf h:tf s]xL nfDrf kft, ufg' ufef] x'g] Ps hftsf] jg:klt hn'sf]
sf] Ps k|sf . dn'jf lj) [dn\pjf] != dfl8Psf] dn]sf] . @= dn] jf dfem] 6nSs kflPsf]
Psf] . #= s8f kfOg gePsf] dn'sf] . $= xNsf :jfbsf] (;'tL{, tdfv', la8L O))+ . dn]
bf! gf) [c) dnLb] pmgsf] cf]9\g] asf]{ toFuf . dn]bf@ gf) [;+) dlb{t] cIf jf 5fk lvO
P lrNnf] ePsf] 6s jf l;Ssf . dn]of gf) 3]fleq kflPsf], u|fdL0f If]qsf] hldg . dn]lof
f) [c
\) d]n]lof] Pgf]lkmln; gfpFsf] nfdv'n ] ] 6f]s]kl5 dflg;sf] zLdf nfUg] Ps ;
\qmfd
f]u cf}n] Hjf] sfdHjf] cf}nf] . dn]jf gf) h
\undf kfOg] k]jfsf hftsf] Ps kIfL h
\
dn]jL gf) kf]yL dn]jf . dn]l;of gf) jdf{ (Dofgdf/) eGbf blIf0flt x]sf] Pp6f d'l:nd
b]z . dnf]xf] gf) v;Lafv|fsf d'vdf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u . dnf}6f] lj) kljfdf s]xL klg
gePsf] l7
\uf] PSnf] . dNsg c) lqm) [dnSs g] != kmtL{;Fu lxF8\g hfFusf ;fy otfplt
kmofskm?s ug{ . @= PSsfl; b]vf kg{ dlNsg . > dNsfO gf) dNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . dNsfOg s) lqm) dNsg nfOg dNsg] kflg . dNsfpg k|) ] lqm) dNsg nfpg . dlNs
g c) lqm) != dNsg . @= otfplt dNsg] xf]Og . dNsf]! gf) != xnSs a9\g] sfd aGb} uP
sf] cj:yf . @= ljz]if kmfObf xg] sfd jf sf] . (pvfg htflt/ dNsf],

d;gbd;]Nnf] d;gb gf) [c)] c8];f nfUg] cffdbfos 7"nf] tlsof afln:6 . d;dG8L lqm) lj) a
fnLgfnL, nufkmf6f] cflb rLhaLhnfO{ df8\g] sNrLldNrL kfg]{ uL vfFbvFb kfg]{ uL 5]
;fOh gf) [c\) d;{fOH8] sfl:6s ;f]8fh:tf f;folgs j:tff alnof] ];dL sk8fh:tf] rDsg
] ;"tL sk8f . (a]nfotsf h]) d;{ (!&(!!*^^ O)) o; k|ljlwsf cfljisfs lyP) . d;n gf) [;
+) df+;n] kfvf, 5ftL, kf cflbdf ePsf] df;sf] vfFlbPsf] efu . bf lj) != d;n ePsf]
. @= s;tL . d;nGb gf) [c\ ) ld;n] l go; ] sfof{ n osf] b} l gs sfo{;~rfngsf nflu rf
lxg] sfut, snd, d;L cflb j:t o:t} km6s sfdsf nflu 5fOg] vr{ jf sd . d;nf gf) [c)
;fn]x] != ltxg, tsfL cflb vfB klsfnfO{ :jflbi7 kfg{ cgkft ldnfO{ ld;fOg] j:t hLf,
lgofF, dLr, Njf, hfOkmn cflb kbfy{ d;fnf . @= sfh, k]:tf, ls;ld;, ;kfL, gljn cflb ;
s]sf kmnx Njf;kfL . #= 6r{ afNg ]l8of] cflb ahfpg leq xflng] ljBt\tjLo Ps f;fo
y{ Aof6L . $= sg} ljz]if sfdsfsf lglDt tof kflPsf cf}ifwL jf f;folgs j:txsf] ld>0
9nfg ug{ jf OF6f, 9\uf cflb hf]g{ tof kflPsf] l;d]G6, afnjf, luL cflbsf] cfgkflts
ld>0f . ^= k|foM rf}8f ;8ssf 5]p5]pdf nfOg], ;]tf ejfbf k"mn kmNg] 306Lsf cfsfs
f ;fgf kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] ;uGwL k"mn . &= xnSs a9\g] cUnf] emf] af]6 xg] Ps h
ftsf] v . bf lj) ;ulGwt d;nf ldnfOPsf (ltxgtsfL, knfp cflb) . ~ bf];f gf) d;nf
of kflPsf], ;k;d]t fv] vfOg] bf];fsf] Ps k|sf . d;NrL gf) [dfln; rL] dfln; ug]{ JolQ
d;ljbf gf) x]) d;f}bf . d;fO gf) [ df;\ ( cfO)] df:g] jf vr{ ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof .
[ > ] d;fOg s) lqm) df:g nfOg vr{ ufOg . d;fpg k|]) lqm) df:g nfpg vr{ ufpg .
;f\lu|g c) lqm) != la:tf} ;s] rfplg ;St} hfg ;fF3lg . @= nfh jf ;dn] d:sg
cflb dTy xg jf sd xg . > d;f\Uo|fO gf) d;f\lu|g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . d;f\Uo|f
Og s) lqm) dTy jf sd kflg . d;f\Uo|fpg k|) ] lqm) d;f\lu|g nfpg dTy kfg{ . d;f
[;+) Zdzfg] dbf{ hnfpg] jf uf8\g] 7fpF d]sf] dfG5]sf] ;b\ut ug]{ 7fpF d;fg3f6 lrxfg
dzfg . ~ 3f3f6 gf) dbf{ hnfpg] jf uf8\g] 7fpF . ~ rf]s gf) x]) sGx]nrf]s .
996

d;fg] lj) [d;fg P] != d;fg;Fu ;DalGwt d;fgsf] . @= d;fgdf a:g] (JolQm) . gf) #= wfdL
emfFqmL ljBf hfGg] JolQm emfkms] dfG5] . ~ e"t gf) d;fgdf a:g] e"tk|t ] cflb . d;fG
t gf) [;+) df;fGt] ;f} df;sf] clGtd lbg dlxgfsf] ;a}eGbf kl5Nnf] lbg . d;f\g ;) lqm)
[ d;f\ g] != xNsf lsl;dn] ;d;Dofpg d;fg{ . @= bfx|L, hFuf, skfn cflbnfO{ xftn
] la:tf} tx nfpg ;DDofpg . > d;ffO gf) d;fg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . d;flg s) lqm
d;fg{ nfOg d;flg . d;fn gf) [c) dzfn] lrfs aNbf] cfuf] dzfn . ~ hn; gf) ftL x
d;fn lnP lg:sg] hn; . d;fnf gf) [c) d;fn]x] x]) d;nf . d;fn] lj) [d;fn P] != xftdf
lrfs lnPsf] d;fn af]s]sf] . @= fFs] . dl;g gf) [c\) d]zLg] d]l;g oGq . dl;lgg c) l
dl;gf] O g] klxn]eGbf lvOg dl;gf] xg . dl;gL! gf) [d;L OgL, ;+) difLwfgL] d;L fVg] e
F8f] d;LbfgL d:ofgL . dl;gL@ lj) [dl;gf] O{] != dl;gf] :jn] af]Ng] (:qL) . @= gd :jfef
sL (:qL) . dl;gdl;g"dl;gf] lj) [;+) d;[0f] != df]6f] gePsf] emLgf] ;fgf] ;"Id . @= t
vf] ld7f; elPsf] dw (:j) . #= v;|f] gePsf] ldlxg dl;g . $= sf]dn d[bn gf) gd
f] (sk8f) . ^= ;fgf] bfgf ePsf] :jflbnf] wfg, rfdn cflb . dl;GofO gf) [ dl;Gofp ( cfO
)] dl;Gofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dl;GofOg s) lqm) dl;Gofpg nfOg dl;gf]
kflg . dl;Gofpg ;) lqm) [dl;gf] ofp g] dl;gf] tNofpg jf kfg{ ldlxg agfpg . d;L
f) [;+)] != sndleq e] jf sndn] rf]k] n]Vg] sfnf], gLnf], ftf] cflb . @= Ans, 6fOk, l
yf] cflbdf nufP 5fKg] sg} klg . ~ pBf]u gf) d;L agfpg] To;sf] laqmLljt0fsf] Joj:y
fpg] pBf]u jf Joj;fo . hLjL lj) n]Vg] sfd u] hLljsf rnfpg] . bfgbfgL gf) dl;gL d;
g] efF8f] . d;nL gf) != tfO{v08df kfgL sd xg] v]tdf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] wfg . @= Ps
lsl;dsf] h8La6L . d;[0f lj) [;+)] != dnfod sdnf] . @= rdsbf 6Nsg] lrNnf] . #= dl;g
 . $= dw dL7f] . d;]Nnf] lj) != gd sf]dn . @= fd|f] .

997

d;f]6d;f}6dxtL k|fKt xg] cfgGb gzf pGdfb . @= hjfgLsf] hf]; . #= db . $= ths kmtL
{ . d:tn gf) [kf]t) { ] 8\uf jf hxfhdf kfn afFWgsf lgldQ aLrdf pEofOg] 7"nf] vDa
f nf . d:t} lj) [d:t P]] w]} Hofb} lgs} . d:ofOnf] lj) [df; ofO nf]] n:;fbf n]:ofO
[;+) doi6] df;sf 9asf kft xg], af]8Lsf h:tf nfDrf] emLgf] sf];f xg], kx]Fnf k
"mn kmNg] Ps nxf jf To;sf] sf];fleqsf] u]8f ;]tf]s}nf] /sf] df;h:tf] bnxg . d:ofgL
gf) [d;L ofgL] x]) dl;gL! . d:of}6f] gf) [df; of}6f]] df; lehfP lkFw]sf] n]bf] . d:of}
bf gf) x]) d;f}bf . d:of}f gf) [df; of}f] d:of}6f]df d"nf, cfn, sf6]sf] ss{nf] cflb l
d;fO{ ;sfP tsfL vfgsf lglDt agfOPsf] 8Nnf]8Nnf] j:t jf aL . > d:of} ] lj) d:of}f ;
Psf] h:tf] b]lvg] uL l6sfl6sL eO{ lkmFhflPsf] (afbn) . d:;s gf) [kmf) dZs] ;;kmfO ub
f{ kvfNg] cflb sfd ug{ kfgL xflng] 5fnfsf] 7"nf] y}nf] . dxuL gf) [dxFuf]O{] != dxF
uf] x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf dxFuf]kg . @= pkef]Uo j:t'xsf] sdL b'n{etf . dxuf] lj) [;+)
dxf3{] != plrt jf ;'xfpFbf]eGbf a9L d"Nosf] w]} df]n kg]{ . @= rflxPhlt gkfOg] b'ne
{ b'ik|fKo . #= a9L df]n kg]{ ax'd"No lsDdtL . dx gf) [k|f) dx'] k"mnxaf6 ;ftj lem
fx'Ln] rfsfdf hDdf kflfVg] u'lnof] tn kbfy{ dw' . dxsg c) lqm) [dxs g] != dxs cfpg
f rNg ;uGw cfpg . @= a;fpg . dxs gf) 6f9f;Dd km}lng] af:gf ;uGw . bf lj) ;uGw
Psf] jf;gfoQm . dxsfO gf) [ dxs ( cfO)] dxsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dxsfpg c
) lqm) != ;uGw rNg af:gf cfpg . @= ;8]un]sf] gdL7f] :jfbsf] jf; rNg j;fpg . #
= uGw cfpg] kfg{ . dxlsg c) lqm) dxsg . > dxlsnf] lj) dxs ePsf] dxsbf . { g]{ Jol
Qm 7"nfa8f dflg; . dxHhg gf) [;+)] cfbefp ugk dxt\ lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] dxfg\ ljzfn .
= oy]i6 k|z:t . #= Jofks . $= x[i6ki6 anjfg\ . %= k|r08 pu| . ^= :y"n ;3g . &= dxjk"
0f{ u?t . *= pGgt pRr . dxt gf) g]kfnsf 5]qL hfltsf] Psy/ . dxtfL gf) [;+) dft[] cfd
dftf hggL . dxtL gf) [;+)] != gfb dlgsf] jL0ffsf] gfd . @= dlxdf dxj . lj) #= dxfg\
"nf] .

d;f]6d;f}6 gf) [df;\ cf]6cf}6] != df:g] jf vr{ ug]{ sfd . @= ;sfL wgdfn, txlan cflb df
g] sfd lxgfldgf . d;f}bf gf) [c) d;j2x] != lgj]bg, kgfj]bg, n]v u|Gy cflbsf] k|flDe
s k k|fk v];f| ] k|fn]v d;ljbfd:of}bf . @= klxnf] kN6 ;;/tL n] l vPsf] v] ; | f (
sf gf) d;f}bf tof kfg]{ JolQm v];|f ug]{ JolQm . ~ z}nL gf) klxn] d;f}bf u] dfq} clG
lbg] n]vgk|0ffnL . d:sg c) lqm) [d;Ss g] != a];L sl;g 6Gsg afFlwg . @= nfh jf ;
d:sfpg nhfpg d;Ss kg{ d;Ss d:sg . #= ds}, l9F8f] cflb a];L kfSg . d:sL gf) [
v] Vofn7f xF;LlbNnuL dgf]~hg . d:sfO gf) [ d:s ( cfO)] != d:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
d:sfp cfO] @= d:sfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d:sfOg s) lqm) d:sg] kflg s;] afFlwg
. d:sfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != a];L s;] afFWg 6Gsfpg . @= vfg]s f ksfPsf efF8fs
;kmf ug{ n8 F f] cflbn] dNg . #= va;Fu cf]8fNg (l9F8f], xnjf cflb) . d:sf]
! gf) [d;s cf]] != efF8fat{g dfbf jf d:sfpFbf k|of]u ulg] nF8f] . @= efF8fat{g d:sfp
g] sfd . d:sf]@ gf) ;f]leot ?;sf] fhwfgL . d:vf gf) [c) d:v] Vofn7f jf xF:;Ldhfs u]
dgf]~hg ufpg] JolQm lbNnuLafh . > d:vL gf) 7f jf xF;Ldhfs lbNnuL Vofn d:sL . dl:
d;hLb] d;ndfgxsf] gdfh k9\g] jf pkf;gf ug]{ ejg jf :yfg d;ndfgxsf] k|fy{gfu[x .
d:6fd:6f] gf) ;b"klZrdf~rn (e]L, ;]tL, s0ff{nL, dxfsfnL cflb) e]usf v;afxgn] dfGg]
kDkfut snb]jtf snfog . (o:tf d:6f afx| efO 5g\) . d:t lj) [kmf)] != S;L cflbsf] gzfd
a]sf] dbf]GdQ dQ . @= s]xL lkmqmL glng] lrGtfdQm . #= of}jgn] dQ hjfg kf] . $= cfgl
bt xlif{t . %= t[Kt ;Gti6 dgUo k|z:t . d:ts gf) [;+)] != lz 6fpsf] dfyf, vf]k8L .
v rrf] . d:tfd lj) [kmf)] d:t xg] cfgGbL . d:tfd:tL gf) [d:t d:t] != k:k d:t jf
sfd k:ksf] v;LofnL . @= dugd:tL cfgGb . dl:tis gf) [;+)] != vf]k8L lubL lbdfu duh
al4 k|ltef ljrfzlQm . ~ Hj gf) lubL ;lgg] Ps 3fts f]u (OG;]kmnfOl6;) . d:tL gf) [
)] != hfF8S;L cflb gzfn kbfy{sf] ;]jgn]

dxtf]dxfhfFr dxtf] gf) [yf)] != yfsf a:tLsf] gfOs] . @= tfO{sf] Ps hflt jf ju{sf] y/
. dxQj gf) [;+)] ;f\Vobz{gcg;f k|sl[ tsf] k|yd ljsf al4tj hLjfTdf . dxQd lj) [;
Gbf 7"nf] . ~ ;dfkjt{s gf) bO{ jf ;f]eGbf a9L ;\Vofn] efu hfg ;Sg] ;aeGbf 7"nf] ;\
Vof . dxQ lj) [;+)] != kldf0f, u0f cflbsf b[li6n] bO{ kbfy{df 7"nf] c 7"nf] . gf) @
= k|ltli7t JolQm dVo dflg; . #= s~rsL fhejgsf] k|ltxf . $= ufpFsf] dlvof . dxQf gf
) [;+)] != 7"nf] jf dxfg\ xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . @= dxj . #= j}lzi6 . dxj gf) [;+)]
!= dxfg\ xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljzfntf dxQf . @= cfjZostf h?t . #= pQdtf >]i7tf . $= P
]Zjo{ . k"0f{ lj) k"f dxj ePsf] ljz]if dxj ePsf] . > dxjfsf\Iff gf) pRr nIo k|fKt
fsf\Iff sg} 7"nf] sfdsf ug]{ rfxgf pRrfsf\Iff . dxjfsf\IfL lj) dxjfsf\Iff fVg]
. dxgLo lj) [;+)] ;Ddfg ug{ nfos cfb0fLo k|ltli7t k"Ho . dxGt gf) [;+) dxGtM] of]uL;G
of;Lsf cf>dsf] ;jf]{Rr clwklt ;fw;dfh jf d7sf] k|dv JolQm d7fwLz . > dxlGtgL gf)
!= :qL dxGt . @= dxGtsL :qL . dxGTofO gf) dxGt x'gfsf] efj dxGtsf] kb jf clwsf dxGtn]
ug]{ sfd . dxlkmn gf) [c)] != gfrufg x'g] dfOnf] 7fpF dgf]~hg :yn . @= a}7s ;ef uf]i
L . dxf gf) 5]qLsf] Pp6f y . dxu{ gf) [k|f) dxU3 < ;+) dxf3{] x]) dxf3{ . ~ lgjf0f gf
dxFuL x6fpg] sfd dxFuLsf] lgjf0f . dxnf]s { gf) [;+)] e"nf]seGbf dflysf nf]sdWo]
rf}yf] nf]s . dxjf{ gf) [yf)] klZrd g]kfnsf yfhfltdf k|rlnt Ps yL nf]sg[To . dxlif{
gf) [;+)] != w]} 7"nf Clif . @= a|Xdfsf b; dfg; k'q . dxn gf) [c)] != ;a} ;'ljwfn]
o'Qm ejg baf k|f;fb . @= vfgf sf]7f v08 . #= l;nl;nf qmd . $= df}sf cj; . %= leqL
GtMk' . bf lj) dxn jf v08 ePsf] vfgfjfn . dxnbfL lj) [dxnbfO{] dxnbf;DaGwL dxnb
n gf) ;flassf] ;jfndf afwf kg]{ b]lvPdf ;f] afwf k'msfpg] uL csf]{ ;jfn ullbg'kof] e
g] ;flas ;jfnsf bkmfx cbnabn ug'{, yfDg' jf vf]h ug'{kbf{ v8f ulg] cg]s dxn ePsf] s
fuh .
998

dxnf gf) [df]xf]nf] v;Lafv|fsf d'vdf cfpg] Ps k|sfsf] vl6f df]xf]nf . dxnf] gf) != vf
g x'g,] u'lnof] ftf] kmn kmNg] Ps j[If . lj) @= dxh:tf] :jflbnf] u'lnof] . dxNnf gf
) [c) dxNn] gu jf ufpFsf] sg} efu 6f]n d'xNnf . dx;' lj) [c) dzx"] != sg} sfdf jf
klg g8fpg] ;fx|} cfFl6nf] . @= w"t{ abdf; . #= l;kfn' kf]Vt . > dx;'ofO gf) dx;' x'
efj jf cj:yf cfFl6nf]kg ;fx; . dx;'n gf) [c) dx;n] != ;sfL jf cGo ;+:yfff ljz]if sf
f k|of]hgsf lglDt p7fOg] wg eG;f huft s . @= ef8f . ~ ;'ljwf gf) dx;'n lnFbf jf p7fpF
f ] gf) kfvf]nfO{ lbOg] ;'ljwf . > dx;'nL gf) dx;'n . dx;'n v]t agfP sdfO{ ltf] ltL v
fPsf] hUuf . dx;'; gf) [c) dx;";] != cg'ej cfjZostfaf]w . lj) @= cg'ej jf af]w ePs
f] ljlbt x]) cg'et " . dxf lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] dxfg\ . gf) @= sg} zAbsf] cufl8 x] 7"n
dxfg\ cflb cy{ a'emfpg] ljz]if0fjfrs zAbsf] k (h:t} dxfsfJo, dxfk'?if cflb) . slj
gf) != dxfsfJosf rlotf jf 7"nf slj . @= z'qmfrfo{ . si6 gf) != Hofb} 7"nf] si6 clt
7"nf] j]bgf jf kL8f . @= e'6f] lrGtf kL . sfo lj) != 7"nf] zL ePsf] :y"nsfo . gf)
f]z . #= xfQL . $= lzj jf lji0f'sf] ljz]if0f . sfn gf) != sgfsgf k]sf nfdf e]6\gf k
;L{sf h:tf kft x'g,] lrlrG8f]sf h:tf kmn kmNg] (ssla{6];L ;d"xsf]) Ps nxf] . @= k|n
ostf{sf kdf k|l;4 lzjhLsf] Ps ljsfn k ?b| . #= sf7df8f}+Fsf] 6'Fl8v]ndf cjl:yt Ps e}j
. $= cgGtsfn . sfnL gf) != b'uf{sf] Ps eo
\s k ?b|f0fL . @= g]kfnsf] klZrd ;LdfGtdf
xg] Ps 7"nf] gbL . sfnL gfr gf) eQmk'df b]vfOg] Ps k|l;4 k|frLg kDkfut g[To . sfJo
) sfJozf:qcg';f syf;"qdf cfa4, k|Voft ljifoj:t'df cfwflt ;u{a4 tyf ;o'Qm 7"nf] uxg
sfJo . uh gf) k'ftjzf:qsf cg';f k'fk|fltg"tgfZddf kfOg] ;'b " k"js { f] xfQL . u'
cfdf, afa' jf u'?sf] ;d"x . uf}L gf) != gf}yfdf k"hf ulg] gjb'uf{dWo] cf7f}F b'uf{ .
@= ftf] b]lvg] Ps k|sfsf] a]t kfvfa]t . dxfhg gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] dflg; k|ltli7t JolQ
m k|d'v JolQm . @= JofkfL ;]7 ;fx"sf sf]7Ljfn . #= dflg;xsf] ;d"x . $= wgL dflg; . >
fhgL gf) JofkfJoj;fo ?lkofFk};fsf] sff]af ug]{ k];f . dxfhfr gf) [dxfhfFr] hUufhldg
j:t[t hfFr jf

999

dxfhfndxfk'/f0f nf]xbfs) . dxfgn gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] vfnsf] b]plgufnf] . @= 7"nf] cl

Ug . dxfgjdL gf) [;+)] cflZjg z'Sn gjdL b'uf{gjdL . dxfgf6s gf) [;+)] ;a} cy{k|s[lt
, ;lGw, nf:of
\u, gf6fn
\sf tyf gf6ssf nIf0fff cfe"lift gf6s xg'dGgf6s . dxflgb|f gf)
] b]xfj;fg d[To' d0f . dxflglb|sf gf) [;+)] Hofbf lgb|f nfUg] cf}ifwL . \ d ' f gLds
f h:tf dl;gf kft dxflgDa gf) [;+)] Pp6} e]6g x'g], ;fgf k"mn k'mNg] kx]Fnf nfDrf
kmn nfUg] (df]lnP;L ;d"xsf]) Ps j[If asfOg' . dxflgjf{ r g gf) [;+ ) ] k| r lnt zf
;gk| 0 ffnLcg' ; f fHok|zf;gsf ljleGg PsfOdf plrt k|ltlglwTjsf nflu fi6JofkL kdf ulPs
] lgjf{rg cfdr'gfj . dxflgjf{0f gf) [;+)] af}4dtcg';f a'4 jf cx{t\nfO{ dfq k|fKt x'
g] pRrsf]l6sf] lgjf{0f af}4bz{gcg';f Joli6 ;Qfsf] k"0f{ gfz x'g] l:ylt . dxflgzf gf
) [;+)] != cfwfft ftsf] bf];|f] jf t];|f] kx . @= k|nosfnsf] ;do . dxfg'efj gf) [;+)]
cfgf dxfg\ u'0fxsf] k|efj cdf kfg]{ JolQm dxfk'?if dxfzo . dxfg] gf) dfn, cdfn, jghf
r cflb cfsf] b}b:t' p7tLk'7tL ug]{ hUufhldg, jgh
\unsf] ]vb]v ug]{ tNnf] bhf{sf] sd{r
fL . dxfGwsf gf) [;+)] 7"nf] cGwsf Hofb} cFw]f] . dxfGofoflwjQmf gf) [;+)] fHo, ;s
] k|d'v sfg'g clws[t (P6gL{ hgn) . dxfkl08t gf) [;+)] 7"nf ljfg\ 7"nf kl08t k|f1 . dx
fkQg gf) [;+)] dxfgu . dxfky gf) [;+)] != nfdf] rf}8f ;8s fhdfu{ fhky . @= d[To' d
fk gf) [;+)] != ;o kafasf] ;
\Vof . @= gfbd'lg . #= sa]sf gf} lglwdWo] Ps . $= w]}
Ps hftsf] ;]tf] sdn . dxfkfts gf) [;+)] != h3Go ckfw kft . @= kfFr k|sfsf dxfg\ kfk
k~r dxfkfts . > dxfkftsL lj) k~r dxfkfts ug]{ 7"nf] kfk ug]{ . dxfkfq gf) [;+)] d[t
ssf gfpFdf bfg ulPsf] j:t' lng] a|fXd0f sf] dxfa|fXd0f . dxfkfk gf) [;+)] dxfkfts . d
xfk'f0f gf) [;+)] dxlif{ Jof;ff lrt c7f k'f0fdWo] sg} Ps .

;j]I { f0f . dxfhfn gf) [;+)] 7"nf] hfn jf if8\oGq vtfk"0f{ of]hgf . > dxfhfnL lj) d
xfhfn Rg] if8oGqsfL . dxf1fgL lj) [;+)] a|Xd1fgL ljfg\ pRr 1fg k|fKt u]sf] . dxftn
ltsf ;ft nf]s ctn, ljtn, ;'tn, tnftn, dxftn, ;ftn, kftfndWo] kfFrf}F nf]s . dxfTdf
gf) [;+)] != dxfg\ cfTdf ePsf] JolQm clt pQd :jefj jf ljrf ePsf] JolQm . @= ;fw';G
t . #= dxfk'?if . $= ;dbzL{ JolQm . %= kdfTdf O{Zj . dxfbzf gf) [;+)] != nf]sljZjf;c
g';f dflg;sf efUodf kg]{ k|an u|xsf] k|efj dflg;sf hLjgdf hGdgIfqsf cfwfdf u|x of]l
ugLxn] e]fu ug]{ lgwf{lt k"0f{sfn . @= 7"nf] cfkt\ . dxfbfg gf) [;+)] ljz]if kmnsf]
k|flKtx]t' ulg] t'nfbfg, uhbfgh:tf dxjk"0f{ 7"nf bfg . > dxfbfgL lj) ;fx|} 7"nf bf
gL . dxfb]j gf) [;+)] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] b]jtf z
\s lzj . > dxfb]jL gf) != kfj{tL b'uf{ .
k|frLg sfndf k6fgLsf lglDt k|rlnt pkflw jf ;+1f . dxfb]z gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf k|dv '
7"n7"nf ;ft e"If]q (Pl;of, o'f]k, c:6]lnof, clk|msf, pQ cd]lsf, blIf0f cd]lsf cG6fl6
sf) . dxfb]zLo lj) [;+)] dxfb]z;DaGwL dxfb]zsf] . ~ 9fn gf) dxfb]zLo tVtfaflxsf] 9fn
. ~ tVtf gf) ^)) lkm6;Ddsf] ;d'b|L kfgLsf] ulxfOdf k]sf] ;de"ld . dxfLk gf) [;+)] k'
0fcg';f k[YjLsf ;ft ljefu (hDa", KnIf, zfNdln, sz, qmf}~r, zfs k'is) . dxflwklt gf)
[;+)] != ;jf]{Rr :jfdL jf clwsfL . @= dxffh . dxflwj]zg gf) [;+)] fhgLlts, ;fdflhs c
flb ;
\3 ;+:yfsf ;a} tx :yfgsf k|ltlglw jf ;Da4 JolQmx e]nf eO{ ljwfgcg;f cfof]hgf u
lg] 7"nf] ;Dd]ng (sGkm]G;) . dxfw"k gf) [;+)] tn]h, gb]jL cflb galn vfg] ljZjf; ulPs
b]jb]jLnfO{ r9fpg dflg;sf] df;;d]t ld;fOG5 eGg] sf l:jsflPsf] Ps w"k . dxfg\ lj) [
;+)] 7"nf] pRr ljzfn dxt\ . dxfgbL gf) [;+)] != pb\ud:yfgb]lv ;db; | Dd g;sL cfg} g
fdn] axg] gbL . #= a\ufnsf] vf8Ldf ldl;g] Ps gbL . dxfgs gf) [;+)] 7"n7"nf PSsfO;j6
f gs (tfld;|, cGwtfld;|, f}j, dxff}j, gs, dxfgs, sfn;"q, ;~hLjg, dxfjLlr tkg, k|tfkg
+xft, sfsf]n, s8\dn, k|ltd"lts, nf]xz\s, ChLif, zfNdnL, j}t0fL, cl;kqjg

dxfk?ifdxfofqf dxfk?if gf) [;+)] != 7"nf dflg; k"Ho JolQm . @= kdfTdf . #= lji0f
. dxfk|ltxf gf) [;+)] dflyNnf] bhf{sf] k|ltxf fhfsf xhlof (Oltxf;) . dxfk|aGws gf)
)] cf}Bf]lus jf Jofkfls ;+:yfgsf k|dv  kbflwsfL (hgn Dofg]h) . dxfk|e  gf) [;+)] !=
elQm;Dk|bfosf k|jt{s l;4 k?if . @= kd]Zj . #= lzj . $= lji0f . %= OGb| . dxfk|o
f0f gf) [;+)] d[To d0f . dxfk|no gf) [;+)] kf0fcg;f a|Xdfsf] cfobf{ l;l4Fbf ;Dk"0
{ ;[li6 gi6 xg] 7"nf] k|no dxfljgfz sNkfGt . dxfk|zf;s gf) [;+)] ;sfL jf cw{;sfL sf
nodf k|zf;gsf] k"0f{ pQbfloTj jxg ug]{ k|dv  clwsfL k|zf;g k|dv . dxfk|;fb gf) [;+)
] != 7"nf] cgux | jf s[kf . @= b]jLb]jtfnfO{ r9fOPsf] g}j]B, ef]u cflb . #= huG
gfyhLnfO{ r9fOPsf] eft . dxfk|:yfg gf) [;+)] != d[To . @= efifflj1fgcg;f v\, 3\
cflbh:tf Zjf;flt]sn] oQm j0f{ . #= dxfeftsf cg;f lxdfnosf] af6f] uL :ju{ hfg] sfd
. dxfk|f1 lj) [;+)] != 7"nf ljfg\ k|sf08 ljfg\ . @= ljlzi6 1fgL . dxfk|f0f gf) [;+)]
!= efiffzf:qcg;f/ pRrf/0fdf a9L Zjf; vr{ xg] j0f{ Jofs/0fcg;f/ :kz{ju{sf bf];|
f, rff}F / pidj0f{ (v, 5, 7, y, km, 3, em, 9, w, e, ;, x) . lj) @= Hofb} alnof] zl
QmzfnL . > dxfk|f0fLejg gf) efiffzf:qcg;f zAbsf cNkk|f0f Wjlg dxfk|f0f Wjlgdf kljl
t{t xg] k|lqmof . (h:t} kfz > kmf;f], a; > e;) . dxfan lj) [;+)] Hofb} alnof] al
ni7 zlQmzfnL . > dxfanf gf) != ;xb]jL . @= kx]n F f] an . #= kLkn . > dxfanfWoIf g
f) k|wfg ;]gfklt . dxfanL lj) ;fx|} alnof] zlQmzfnL . dxfafx lj) [;+)] != xft nfdf
] ePsf] cfhfgafx . @= zlQmzfnL . gf) #= lji0f . dxfaf]lw gf) [;+)] != a4ff clh{P
sf] 1fg . @= a4b]j . dxfa|fXd0f gf) [;+)] != 7"nf jf dxfg\ a|fXd0f . @= d[tssf P
3ff}Fsf] cGg vfg] jf d[tssf gfpFsf] bfg lng] a|fXd0f dxfkfq . dxfefu lj) [;+)] != H
ofb} efUojfg\ ;f}efUozfnL . @= k"Ho oz:jL . #= Hofb} u0fjfg\ . dxfefujt gf) [;+)]
>Ldb\efujt dxfkf0f . dxfeft gf) [;+)] != eftj+zsf] rlq tyf sf}jkf08jsf o4sf] j0f{g
sf], hDdf c7f kj{df ljeflht, Jof;lrt Ps k|l;4 k"jL{o cfVofg jf dxfsfJo . @= 7"nf]
kl>d .
1000

#= sf}jkf08jsf aLr c7f lbg;Dd rn]sf] k|l;4 o4 . $= 7"nf] emu8f dxfo4 . %= g]kfnsf
] lzjflns kj{tb]lv pQ lxdfno kj{tz[\vnfb]lv blIf0fkl k"j{klZrd km}lnPsf] kj{tz[\vnf
dxfefio gf) [;+)] dxlif{ kfl0flgsf Jofs0f;"qsf] dxlif{ kt~hlnn] u]sf] 6Lsf j[xb\efi
o . dxflelgiqmd0f gf) [;+)] != dxfg\ jf dxjk"0f{ wfld{s sfo{sf lglDtsf] u[xTofu .
@= tk:of ug{ hfgsf nflu uf}td a4n] u]sf] u[xTofu . dxflef gf) af]6 sf6\bf b"wem}F
;]tf] rf]k lg:sg] l;pF8Lh:tf] Ps jg:klt . dxfe"t gf) [;+)] != k[YjL, hn, t]h, jfo
 cfsfz oL k~re"tdWo] sg} Ps . @= d"ntj . #= kd]Zj . dxfd08n gf) [;+)] != w]} 7"n
8n . @= gjfsf]6sf] k|dv  b]j:yn sflnsfdflnsf:yfg . dxfdlt lj) [;+)] dxfk|f1 clt a
l4dfg\ . dxfdgf lj) [;+)] != pRrdgf pbf . @= :jfledfgL . dxfdGqL gf) [;+)] sg} ;fj{h
lgs ;\3;+:yfsf] b}lgs sfo{;~rfng tyf kqfrf cflb ug]{ k|dv clwsfL dGqL jf ;lrjxdWo] d
Vo hgn ;]qm]6L . dxfdlxd lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] dlxdf ePsf] 7"nf] k|tfk ePsf] dlxdfzfnL .
@= pRr cf]xbfsf kbflwsfL (fi6klt, dGqL, fhb"t cflb)nfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] ;Ddf
fyL{ zAb . dxfdxf]kfWofo gf) [;+)] != 7"nf pkfWofo cyjf ljfg\ . @= ;+:s[tsf ljfg\nf
O{ dfgfy{ k|bfg ulg] Ps pRr pkflw . dxfdf+; gf) [;+)] != dflg;sf] df; gdf+; . @= uf
O{sf] df; uf]df+; . dxfdfTo gf) [;+)] dVo dGqL k|wfg dGqL . dxfdfgj gf) [;+)] != h
d{g bfz{lgs lgT;]sf] bz{gcg;f ljsf;fTds ;\3if{sf lgldQ pT;lh{t Ps pRr dfgj (;kDof
g) . @= x]) dxfk?if . dxfdfGo lj) [;+)] Hofb} dfGgkg]{ kd dfggLo . dxfdfof gf) [;+
)] != hut\sL clwi7fqL b]jL buf{ . @= k|s[lt . #= ;f+;fls df]x k|k~r . dxfdfL gf) [;+
)] x}hf, Kn]u cflb ;\qmfds f]u b];fg . dxfd"v{ lj) [;+)] Hofb} d"v{ k6d"v{ . dxfd[To
~ho gf) [;+)] != csfn d[Tosf] lgjf0fsf lglDt hlkg] lzjsf] k|l;4 dGq;d"x . @= lzjs
f] Ps k . dxfd]bf gf) [;+)] cbjfh:tf] b]lvg] 7"nf] hftsf] d]bf a6L . dxfo1 gf) [;
+)] kfFr 7"nf o1 (j]bfWoog, clUgxf]q, tk{0f, cltly;Tsf e"taln) . dxfofqf gf) [;+)]
!= sfzLofqf . @= d[To d0f . #= 7"nf]

1001

dxfofgdxfjL/ dxff}j gf) [;+)] dxfgsxdWo] Ps . dxf3{ lj) [;+)] != dxFuf] . @= lsDdtL
. tf gf) dxFuL . > dxfo{ lj) w]} df]n kg]{ lsDdtL . dxfr{g gf) [;+) dfh{g] xftuf]8
yf dv wg] sfd k~r:gfg . dxf0f{j gf) [;+)] != dxf;fu . @= lzj . #= kf0fcg;f lji0f
n] bflxgf xftaf6 pTkGg u]sf] Ps b}To . dxfn! gf) [;+) d\un] rf8, j|t, pkf;gf cflbsf
] cfDedf d\unsf lglDt ufOg] Ps nf]suLt dfxfn df3n . dxfn@ gf) dfn;fdfg flvg] sg} 7fp
h:tf] sf7dxfn) . dxfnIdL gf) [;+)] != gffo0fsL cflbzlQm nIdL . @= buf{k"hfsf] cj;df
dxfnIdL aGg] sGof . dxnbf gf) lhldbfL k|yfeGbf klxn] dfnkf]t p7tLk7tL ug]{ u};sfL sf
bf . dxfno gf) [;+)] != cflZjg s[i0fkIf lkt[kIf ;f]x|>f4 . @= lji0f . #= af}4 ljxf .
$= b]jdlGb . > dxfnof gf) cflZjg s[i0f kIfsf] cf}F;L . dxfnft gf) [dxfn cft] sg} klg
dsf] 7]Ssfdf nfUg] jf nufOg] b:t . dxfn]vfkLIfs gf) [;+)] ;sfL n]vfkLIf0f;DaGwL sfd
g]{ufpg] ;jf]{Rr clwsfL dxfn]vf kLIfs ljefusf] k|dv  (cl86 hgn) . ~ ljefu gf) ;sf
sf] n]vfkLIf0f;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;+j}wflgs sfof{no . dxfjfx gf) [;+)] kf0fcg;f lji0fn
] jfxsf] k lnPsf] t];|f] cjtf jfx cjtf . dxfjnf sgfsgf k]sf v;|f kft xg,] kx]n F
mL jf ;]tf k"mn kmNg] dfNe];L ;d"xsf] skf;sf] af]6 . dxfjfSo gf) [;+)] != uXo c
y{ jf dxjk"0f{ cy{ vnfpg] jfSo pklgift\sf cx+ a|Xdfl:d, tjdl; cflb o:t} dxfg\ jfS
= nfdfnfdf jfSo . #= sg} dxjk"0f{ jfSo jf dGq . dxfjfl0fHob"t gf) [;+)] ldq b]zsf]
k|dv jfl0fHogudf lgoQm ulPsf jfl0fHob"txdf dVo b"t (sG;n6 ] hgn) . dxfjf?0fL gf)
[;+)] r}q s[i0f rtb{zLsf lbg ztleiff gIfq zlgjf k]df xg] u\uf:gfgsf] Ps of]u jf k
j{ . dxfljBf gf) [;+)] != tGqzf:qcg;f dflgPsf b; b]jL (sfnL, tff, iff]8zL, ejg]ZjL
, e}jL, l5Ggd:tf, w"dfjtL, aunfdvL, dft\uL sdnflTdsf) . @= buf{ u\uf . dxfljBfno g
) [;+)] dfWolds lzIffsf tx kf u]kl5 pRr lzIff lbg] ljBfno SofDk; sn]h . dxfljBfjfllw
f) [;+)] 8L) ln6\) ljBfjfr:klt . dxfjL lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] jL jf of]4f . gf) @= l;+x
. #= OGb|sf] jh| . $= xgdfg\ . %= lji0f . ^= u?8 . &= ;]tf]

tLy{ofqf .  ofg jf ;Dk|bfodWo] dxfofg gf) [;+)] af}4 wd{sf tLg k|dv Ps ofg jf ;D
k|bfo . > dxfofgL lj) != dxfofg;DaGwL dxfofgsf] . @= dxfofg ;Dk|bfosf] cgofoL . d
xfo4 gf) [;+)] ljZjo4 dxf;d dxf;\uf |d . dxfskfbLif gf) [;+)] lnR5ljsfnsf fhfsf p
sd{rfLsf] Ps kb . dxf\uL gf) [;+) dxf\u O{] != ;]tf ;fgf 6Lsf6Lsf k]sf nfdf kft xg]
df rFjh:tf] k"mn kmNg] v}f ;fgf;fgf kmn kmNg] Ps lxdfnL a6L glnsf . @= t]ndf 8af
pFbf t]nsf] g} ftf] kfllbg], s]z nfdf] agfOlbg] sLf dfg]{ egL k|l;4 Ps a6L . dxfy
[;+)] != 7"nf] uf8L jf y . @= 7"nf] of]4f . > dxfyL gf) != zfxL ;]gfsf] Ps pRr clw
s[t dVo ;]gfklt hgn hg]{n . @= 7"nf] of]4f dxfg\ jL . #= sg} ljifosf] ljz]if1 jf k|
8 ljfg\ . $= 7"nf] g]tf . dxff gf) != ;f\s]lts :yn . @= uf}r uf}rg . #= ufO{a:t rf
fd . (h:tf] dxff nfUg uf]7fnf] nfUg) . dxffhf gf) [;+)] != ;;fgf ;fdGt hf}6fxdfl
f;g ug]{ dxfg\ fhf ;d|f6\ >]i7 fhf . @= ;fw;GGof;L jf fhfxnfO{ cfbk" j { s ;Ddfg ug
zAb . > dxffhflwfh gf) != fhfxsf klg fhf fhflwfh afbzfx ;d|f6\ dxffh . @= ;ae
dxffHo gf) [;+)] ljzfn fHo ljz]if e"efu cf]u6]sf] 7"nf] fHo . dxff1L gf) [;+)] dxff
|wfg fgL dVo fgL k6fgL dxffgL . dxfflq gf) [;+)] != dxfk|nosf] ft . @= cw{flqkl
O{ dx"t{sf] ;do . #= dxflzjflq . dxffgL gf) [;+) dxff1L] != 7"nf] fHo jf fi6sL fg
sL k6fgL . @= ojfhflwfh, ojfh, clwfhsdf cflbsf fgLx . #= fhsdfLsf] ;Ddfgaf]ws
f) [;+)] != dxL a6L . @= dxffi6sf clwjf;Lxsf] efiff . #= Ps dVo k|fs[t efiff . dxf?
b| gf) [;+)] dxfb]j lzj . > dxf?b|L gf) P3f hgf a|fXd0fff k|ltlbg P3f cfj[lQsf bn]
g nufP ulg] ?b|Lsf] kf7 . dxff]u gf) [;+)] != c;fWo dflgg] cf7 k|sfsf f]u (pGdfb, Ifo
bd, si7, dwdx ] , kTyL, pbf]u euGb) dxfJoflw . > dxff]uL lj) dxff]u ePsf] 7"n
]sf] -dflg;_ . dxff}b | lj) [;+)] != Hofb} eofgs 8nfUbf] . gf) @= lzj dxf?b| .

dxfj]bLdxL lt3|] 3f]8f . *= rf}aL;f}F clGtd h}gtLy{\s . dxfj]bL gf) [;+)] 7"nf] jf d
Vo j]bL . dxfJoflw gf) [;+)] dxff]u . dxfJofx[lt gf) [;+)] ;ft Jofx[ltxdWo] j}lbs c
gi7fg ;GWofjGbg cflbdf k|oQ  m xg] tLg Jofx[lt (e"\, ej;\ :j\) . dxfj|t gf) [;+
)] != s7f] j|t 7"nf] j|t . @= afx| jif{;Dd k|folZrQ:jkn] ulg] sl7g j|t . > dxfj|tL lj
) != dxfj|t lng] . gf) @= ;GGof;L . #= eQm . $= lzj . dxfzlQm gf) [;+)] != 7"nf]
zlQm . @= buf{ejfgL . lj) #= 7"nf] zlQm ePsf] w]} zlQmzfnL . dxfz\v gf) [;+)] != 7"
nf] cfsfsf] z\v . @= sgkLsf] xf8 vKk skfn . #= sa]sf gf} lglwdWo] Ps . $= ;o z\v ;
xfzo lj) [;+)] != dxfg\ cfzo jf pRr ljrf ePsf] dxfgefj . gf) @= pRr p2]Zo jf ljrf e
Psf] JolQm dxfk?if . #= k|foM ;dsIfL jf ;Hhg JolQmnfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] cfbfyL{ zAb dxf
gefj . dxfzfvf gf) [;+)] sg} sfof{nocGtu{tsf] k|dv tyf dxjk"0f{ zfvf sfof{no (l8l
ehg) . dxfz"Go gf) [;+)] cfsfz . dxf>d0f gf) [;+)] a4 . dxfZj]tf gf) [;+)] != ljBf
sL clwi7fqL ;:jtL . @= buf{bj ] L . #= lrgL . $= af0felrt ;+:s[tsf] uBdxfsfJo sfbDaL
L pkgflosf sfbDaLsL ;vL . dxfi6dL gf) [;+)] cflZjg zSn ci6dL buf{ ci6dL . dxf;\u|fd
gf) [;+)] dxfo4 . dxf;lrj gf) [;+)] sg} 7"nf] ;+:yfsf] clwsf;DkGg dVo kbflwsfL dxfd
GqL . dxf;lGw lju|lxs gf) [;+)] cGo fi6sf ;fy zflGt jf o4 ug]{ clwsf kfPsf] o4;lrj
jf kfi6dGqL . dxf;ef gf) [;+)] != k|hftflGqs zf;gk4ltdf ;+;b\sf] dflyNnf] ;bg . @=
;+oQ  m fi6;\3sf clwsf+z ;b:oxn] efu lng] ljz]if vfnsf] clwj]zg . #= 7"nf] ;ef . dx
f;d gf) [;+)] dxfo4 . dxf;ldlt gf) [;+)] ljz]if u] fhgLlts ;+:yfsf lhNnf lhNnfsf k|
glwxff cfk"mdWo]af6 lgjf{lrt ;b:oxsf] ;fd"lxs ;ef . dxf;db | gf) [;+)] dxf;fu . dxf;
{ gf) [;+)] dxfk|no kl5 xg] gofF ;[li6 . dxf;j{b08gfos gf) [;+)] lnR5ljsfndf Gofo
k|zf;gsf] dVo sfo{ef ;FefNg] k|dv kbflwsfL . dxf;fu gf) [;+)] != k[YjLsf ;txsf] em
G8} PsxQ k|ltzt
1002

efu 9fs]sf] glgnf] kfgLoQm 7"nf] ;db| dxf;db| dxf]blw . @= pQm dxf;fusf kfFr lj
efu (k|zfGt dxf;fu, lxGb dxf;fu, cfGw| dxf;fu, ;d]? dxf;fu sd]? dxf;fu . dxf;fdGt
[;+)] lnR5ljsfndf ;fdGteGbf pRr cf]xbfdf x]sf] zf;gef ;FefNg] k|dv pRrflwsfL . dxf
;fxl;s lj) [;+)] != 7"nf] ;fx; ug]{ clt;fx;L . gf) @= ank"j{s csf{sf] wgdfn x0f ug]
{ JolQm 8fFs . dxf;]gfgL gf) zfxL ;]gfsf] pRr txsf] Ps kb s0f]{n sg]n { . dxf:gfg gf)
[;+)] != ljz]if cj; jf kj{df j}lbs dGqf]Rrf0f uL k~rfd[t cflbff b]jd"lt{, k|ltdf cflb
nfO{ ufOg] :gfg . @= Cliftk{0fLsf lbg gbL cflbdf uP dxf;\sNksf ljlwn] ulg] :gfg . dx
fxf gf) [;+)] fhfdxffhfxn] fhsLo j]ze"iffsf ;fy nufpg] ljz]if k|sfsf] Tg jf xf . d
[kmf) dxLg] jif{sf] afx| efusf] Ps efu k|foM tL; lbg 36a9 xFbf pgGtL;b]lv aQL;
lbg;Ddsf] xg] cjlw df; . jfL lj) != dlxgfdlxgfsf] k|To]s dlxgfsf] . gf) @= dfl;s ;|
fj xg] g5g] . #= dfl;s j]tg tna . dfL lj) dlxgf k"f ePkl5 kfOg] (tna cflb) . dlxdf
f) [;+)] != dfxfTDo k|z; + f . @= sLlt{ oz Voflt . #= k|efj k|tfk . $= ci6l;l4dWo] P
s . %= pRr kbjL 7"nf] dfg . > dlxdflGjt lj) dlxdfn] oQm ePsf] dlxdfdl08t . dl08tdo
lj) dlxdf ePsf] dlxdfoQm . jfg\ lj) dlxdfn] oQm dlxdf ePsf] uf}jzfnL . dlxnf gf)
)] != :qL gfL cfOdfO{ . @= eb| gfL . #= lk|o+u gfdsf] nxf] . $= Ps ;ulGwt j[If . ~
bL3f{ gf) ;ef3xdf dlxnfju{sf lglDt a:g agfOPsf] 7fpF . ~ ;\u7g gf) dlxnfxsf] clwsf t
lxtsf] ;+If0fsf lglDt ag]sf], juL{o ;\u7gsf] Ps c\u . dlxif gf) [;+)] != fFuf] . @= d
lxiff; bfgj . #= 7"n7"nf sTnf xg] df]6f] vfnsf] Ps hftsf] df5f] . > dlxiff; gf)
dfs{08]o kf0fsf cg;f buf{n] df]sf] fFufsf] cfsfsf] Ps bfgj . dlxifL gf) [;+)] !=
sf ;fy cleif]s ePsL k6fgL dxff1L . @= e}F;L . dxL! gf) [k|f) dlxc] bxL, gf}gL lemls;
s]kl5 xg uPsf] tn k]o kbfy{ df]xL 5fGgf df . dxL@ gf) [;+)] != wtL k[YjL . @= df6f
#= e";DklQ . $= fHo b]z . tn gf) ;+;f wftn . dxL lt3|] lj) [dxL lt3|]] To;} klg 7
lt3|f nfu]sf]

1003

dxLw/dfOqmf]je ] dx]Zj gf) [;+)] != kd]Zj . @= lzj . > dx]ZjL gf) buf{ . dxf]QL g
n clwfHosf] hgsk c~rncGtu{t kg]{ tfO{ efusf] Ps lhNnf . dxf]T;j gf) [;+)] w]} 7"nf]
pT;j ;hwhk"j{ssf] ljz]if ;dff]x . dxf]blw gf) [;+)] dxf;fu . dxf]bo gf) [;+)] != dxfg
\ pbo 7"nf] pGglt . @= cfk"meGbf 7"nf JolQm jf dfGohgnfO{ cfbk"j{s ulg] ;Daf]wg dxfg
efj . dxf]kfWofo gf) [;+)] 7"nf pkfWofo k|wfgcWofks . dxf}ifw gf) [;+)] != ljz]if
u0fsfL cf}ifwL . @= ;"7f] . #= lkknf . $= n;g . %= jT;gfe . dxf}iflwdxf}ifwL gf)
[;+)] != ljlzi6 k|sfsf] cdf]3 cf}ifwL crs bafO{ . @= b"af] . #= cltanf . df! gf) [
;+)] != wgsL b]jL nIdL . @= cfdfsf] 5f]6sL k (;fgLdf, 7"nLdf O))+ . df@ gf) [g]jf)]
sf];sf] 7f8f] sf7 . df# lje) [;+) dWo] clws0f sfs jf ;KtdL ljelQmsf] lrXg sg} zAbsf k
5fl8 hf]l8P To;leq, To;pk cflb cy{ aemfpg] k|Too jf k (3df, sf]7fdf, vdf O)) . df+;
f) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf zLdf 5fnf xf8sf aLrdf xg] gd kbfy{ df; . @= kmnk"mnsf af]qmf
ofFsf aLrdf xg] gd kbfy{ ubL . Ifo gf) zLsf] df; qmdzM ;St} hfg] k|lqmof ;s]gf
6 gf) sn]hf], d6 kmf]S;f]nfO{ cfGb|fe8 F L;Fu 5fpg] df+;k]zLsf] kftnf] kbf{ . l
k08 gf) df+;k]zL . kl6sf gf) zLsf] sg} :yfgaf6 lg:sg], Psflt aGb ePsf] t csf{lt
:tf] cfsfsf] df;sf] y}nL df;sf] nf]tL . k]zL gf) zLsf ljleGg efudf xg] df;sf nf]
f+;lk08 d;n . eIfL lj) df; vfg] df+;fxfL df;ef]hL . ef]hL lj) df+;eIfL . > df+;n
= df;sf] efu w]} ePsf] df+;k"0f{ . @= df]6f]3f6f] alnof] x[i6ki6 . df+;fxfL lj) !=
f; vfg] df+;ef]hL . @= df; vfP hLjglgjf{x ug]{ df;s} cfxff ePsf] . #= lx+;|s . df
+;f]khLjL gf) df;sf] laqmL u] hLljsf ug]{ JolQm as] . dfOs gf) [c\) dfOqmf]kmf]g] v
uL ljBt\t\uff WjlgnfO{ 7"nf] kfg]{ Ps oflGqs pks0f Wjlgk|;fs oGq dfOqmf]kmf]g . d
f gf) [c\)] af]6la?jfsf] hfdf 9;L nfuL xs{g afwf kofpg] f]uljz]if . dfOqmf]kmf]g g
) [c\)] x]) dfOs . dfOqmf]je ] gf) [c\)] != hldgsf] tNnf] tyf pkNnf] ;txsf]

e;lt3|] . dxLw gf) [;+)] != kxf8 . @= lji0f . dxLkdxLklt gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf clwklt f
f . dxLkfn gf) [;+)] fhf . dxLkq gf) [;+)] != ef}d d\un u|x . @= v]tLjfn s[ifs . #=
f; . dxLz gf) [;+)] fhf . dxj gf) [dxc] ;k]f, OGb|hfnL cflbn] ahfpg] tDaf;d]t eP
Ps lsl;dsf] dnL . dxjf gf) [k|f) dxcf] ;]tf k"mn kmNg], lrpnLh:tf kmn kmNg],
;fnsf h:tf 7"n7"nf kft xg] Ps v jf To;sf] kmn . dx]Gb| gf) [;+)] != dxfg\ OGb| .
@= Ps k|l;4 kj{t z[v \ nf . #= g]tf k|dv JolQm . tfn gf) g]kfnsf] Ps k|l;4 tfn ffb
~ k|1f ~ k:sf gf) tTsfnLg g]kfn fhsLo k|1fk|lti7fgff k|To]s bO{ jif{df g]kfnsf s
pTs[i6 ;flxTosfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] gub k:sf . ~ k|xL cn\sf gf) g]kfnleq cfGtl
lGt dlRrPsf avtdf ;lqmo kn] st{Jo k"f ug]{ tyf cltLo axfbLsf ;fy hgwgsf] ;Iffsf lgl
Dt sfd ug]{ k|xL clws[tnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps fli6o cn\sf . ~ dNnL gf) dWosfnLg
dxLGb| dNnn] ;j{ky | d k|rngdf NofPsf] df]x g]kfnL df]x . dfnf gf) != ljb]zL fHosf
2Lgl;g fhf jf u2Lgl;g fgLnfO{ dfq k|bfg ug]{ ulPsf]] dWodl0f;lxtsf] Ps dfgkbjL . @=
klxn] hgs lzIff ;fdu|L s]Gb|af6 k|sflzt efuefudf ljeQm dfWolds tx;Ddsf g]kfnL lj
ifosf kf7k:ts . ~ Tg ~ cfe"if0f gf) fli6o hLjgsf sg} If]qdf dxjk"0f{ rgfTds sfo{ u
f b}jL k|sf]k k]sf a]nfdf ;lqmo kn] sfo{ ;DkGg ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] P
s cn\sf . ~ Tg ~ e"if0f gf) fli6o hLjgsf sg} If]qdf k|z; + gLo rgfTds sfo{ ug]{ jf
k|sf]k k]sf] a]nfdf k|z; + gLo sfo{ ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps cn\sf . ~ T
g ~ ;ei" f0f gf) fli6o hLjgsf sg} If]qdf k|efjsfL 9\uaf6 rgfTds sfo{ ug]{ jf b}jL k
]k k]sf a]nf k|efjsfL :jo+;]jf ug]{ JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps cn\sf . ~ fhdfu{
f) !)#) lsnf]ld6 ePsf] g]kfnsf] ;aeGbf nfdf] fhdfu{ k"j{klZrd fhdfu{ . ~ ljBf e"if0f
f) ljBfjfllw ug]{ jf :gftsf]Q txdf ;j{ky | d xg] JolQmnfO{ /fhfsf tkm{af6 k|bfg u
g]{ ul/Psf] Ps kbs . ~ jLljqmd zfxb]j gf) g]kfnsf zfx j+zsf cf7f}F /fhf (hGdM !(&&
d[ToM @)@*) . dx]z gf) [;+)] != dxfb]j . @= kd]Zj .

dfOh"dfOHo"dflug ;"Id t\u . @= b";~rfJoj:yfsf] ;Gb]zk|;f0fsf] Ps k|0ffnL . dfOh"

[;+) dftnL Ho"] dfdfsL kTgL dftnL . ~ r]nL gf) dfdfsL 5f]L . ~ r]nf] dfdfsf] 5f]f]
dfOt gf) [ dfOtL] ljjflxtf gfLsf] cfdfafa jf bfhefOsf] 3 dfOtLsf] 3 gfLsf] lkt[u
dfOtL gf) [k|f) dfO tL] ljjflxtf gfLsf] afacfdfsf] 3 dfOt . dfOtf] gf) [dfOt cf]] lk
f kfOtf];u F cgkf| ; ldnfpg rnfOPsf] dfOt zAbsf] k . dfOn gf) [c\)] !&^) uhafasf] }l
s dfk jf kldf0f ldn . vL gf) Ps lgwf{lt :yfgaf6 dfOndf b"L b]vfpg lgwf{lt 7fpFxd
] 9\uf] jf :tDe sf];] 9u \ f] (dfOn :6f]g) . dfOnL lj)x]) dflxnL . dfOnf] lj)x]) df
lxnf] . dfO{ gf) [k|f) dfO < ;+) dft[] != dftf cfdf . @= cffWof :qLb]jtf b]jL . #= ;
GGofl;gL hf]lugL . $= zLtnf lakm . a]gL gf) Onfdsf dfO{ hf]udfO{ bO{ gbLsf bf]efgs
] df3el d]nf nfUg] :yfg . dfp gf) [k|f)] != cfdf (kzkIfL, sLfkm6]\u|f cflbsf]) kf]yL
kzkIfL . @= 3kljfsf] dVo dflg;, ysfnL . #= lrqf], dfGb|f], uGb|L cflb aGbf l6l
kg] tLgj6f rf]of jf wfuf] . $= 6nL jf ]n tfGg] OlGhg . %= pmgL nuf, sfuh cflb sf6
\g] sLf] . lj) ^= dVo k|dv . ~ s:t"L gf) s:t"Lsf] dfp kf]yL s:t"L . ~ sf] gf) d
f dft[af]nL . dfpt] gf)x]) dfxt] . dfp ynf] gf) [dfp ynf]] != sg} hflt, efiff cflbsf]
klxnf] dVo 7fpF d"n :yfg pb\ud:yn . @= dft[e"ld . dfp gf)x]) dfx/. dfpL gf) [ dfx
dfxL df}L . dfp;nL gf) [;+) d;nL] 3sf]7fsf blng leQfleQf 6fFl;P bug,{] e;g  f
Lf cflb l6k] vfg], 5]kffsf] hftsf] nfDrf] sLf] 35]kff] . dfpm gf)x]) dfp . dfsn gf
ds{6] afFb n\u . 6f]kL gf) r]xfafx]s skfnsf] ;Dk"0f{ efu 5f]Kg], Gofgf] vfnsf] afF
] 6f]kL . dfsf gf) [;+) ds{6] x]) dfsf] . sf] hfnf] gf) != ;fx|} lkmtnf] hfn jf if8
oGq . @= dfsfsf] hfn . ~ hfn] lj) dfsfsf] hfnf]h:tf] uf]nfuf]nf dl;gf ]vf ePsf] (af
5f}f cflb) .
1004

dfsL gf) [;+) dfsf] O{] != df8afLsf h:tf] cfsfsf], aLrdf o"F hl8Psf], sfgdf nufpg] P
|sfsf] uxgf . @= efb| zSn k~rdLsf lbg :jf:gLdflg;xff ;Ktlif{nfO{ r9fOg] Ps k|sfsf] k
"mn . dfs ] lj) [dfsf] P] dfsf]h:tf] dfsfsf 5fF6sf] . ~ ofg gf) j}1flgsxn] rGb|
ubf{ k|of]udf NofPsf] dfsfsf cfsfsf] ofg (ngf) . dfsf] gf) [;+) ds{6] zLsf] kl5Nn
uaf6 RofkRofk k]sf] Hofb} dl;gf] tGt lgsfn] hfn agfO{ lemFuf, e;gf cflb ;;fgf s
Lfx cNemfP vfg] Ps hftsf] cf7v] sLf] . dflIfs gf) [;+)] != dx dw . @= kfdSvL . #=
dSvL . dfvf gf) [dfvf]sf] lt) )] x]) dfvf] . ~ dGb|f] gf) sfgdf uxgfsf kdf nufOg] d
fvfsf cfsfsf] uxgf . dfv] lj) [dfvf] P] dfvf]h:tf] dfvfsf cfsfsf] . ~ ;f\nf] gf) != b
{ taf6 Rofk] aLrdf cF7fpg] sfd jf sfObf . @= x:o jf d];f] yfxf gkfO{ kmsfpg g;lsg]
Ps lsl;dsf] ;f\nL . #= To:t} cK7]f] jf pDsg g;lsg] cj:yf hl6n ;d:of c;d~h; l:ylt . d
fvf] gf) [;+) dlIfsf > k|f) dlSvc] != lemFuf] dlIfsf . ] gf) uuxgf . @= gfsdf nfOg]
Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . ~ dGb|f dfVn] gf) wfg s6] jf ds} lkg] rfdn, RofFVnf agfpFbf cfpg]
j:t slgsf . dfu\g ;) lqm) [k|f) dfu g] != sg} sf] kfpgsf lglDt s;}l;t k|fy{gf ug{
gf ug{ . @= ula jf blb|n] cGg, j:q, k};f cflb kfpmF eg] k|fy{gf ug{ leIff ug{ . #
= clwsf jf o:t} sg} sfdsf]sf nflu k|fy{gf ug{ dfu ug{ . dfu gf) [dfu c] != dfUg] sf
rgf k|fy{gf . @= cfu|x hgfP ulg] cgf]w clwsfk"j{s dfluPsf] sg} sf] . #= sg} sf
jZostf jf vfFrf] . 9f]n gf) h] kfP klg dfUg] sfd otfplt 3d] dfUg] sfd . ~ k"lt{ gf)
rfxgfsf] k"lt{, vfFrf]kl " t{ . du gf) dfUg]jg]{ sfd dfd . dfuwL gf) [;+)] != k|f
[t efiffsf] Ps e]b . lj) @= duw b]z duw b]z;DaGwL . dfu kmffd gf) [dfu kmffd] sfof{nox
f sfuh, d;L cflb d;nGb tyf cGo ;fdu|Lx k|fKt ug{ ;fdfgsf] ljj0f vf]nL elg] Ps k|sfsf
] kmffd . dfun gf) [;+) d\un] ljjfx cflb d\unsfo{df ufOg] uLt dxfn . > dfulngL gf) df
n ufpg] sGof P]efFtL gfL . dflug s) lqm) [dfu\ O{ g] ofrgf ulg leIff yflkg .

1005

dfUg]df8f wflnf] kfg{sf nflu nufOg] sfFr, r]; cflbsf] w"nf] jf d;nf dfhf . dfemfdfem
L gf) of]) [dfem dfem] aLrf]aLr l7Ss dfemdf dfemg] . dfemfnL lj) [dfem cfnL] != dfemdf
g] jf xg] . @= dfemv08sf] dfemsf] . gf) #= s0ff{nL c~rndf af]lng] g]kfnL eflifsf g]
kfnL efiffsf] s]Gb|Lo eflifsf v;fgL . dflemg s) lqm) [dfem\ O g] kvflng 6NsfOg . df
emL gf) [k|f) dHem] != kVof}{nLb]lv 8\uf lvofP tyf df5f df] hLljsf ug]{ Ps hflt . l
j) @= aLrsf] dfemsf] . ~ cf}n f] gf) rf] cf}Fnf] ;flxnL cf}Fnfsf aLrsf] cf}Fnf] . ~
lsf] gf) kfgLdfly uu v]Ng], 7"nf] e6df;sf] lbpnh:tf] sfnf]
sf] Ps sLf] . 6f gf)
xsf] a:tL ePsf] ;dy hldg . @= vf]nfdflysf] ;Dd k]sf] snf] gnfUg] hUuf . af dlb;] l;
Lsf eGbf 7"nf kft nfUg] nfdf tLvf sfF8f x'g] Ps j[Ifljz]if . df6d]6 gf) [(l)) d]6\
] l5gfkmfgf dfLd]6L . dfl6g' c) lqm) [df6f]Og'] != Hofb} k'fgf] x'g' a]sDdf x'g' ;8
@= dl6nf] aGg' df6f]h:tf] x'g' . df6L gf) [df6f]O{] df6f] . sf] ] gf) != ls;fg v]t
n . @= kxfdf Kjfn kf] u'F8 nfpg], xlof] zL, ftf] 6fpsf] tLvf] r'Rrf] x'g] Ps rf]
j) [df6f]P] != df6f];DaGwL df6fsf] . @= df6fsf] sfd ug]{ . #= df6f] vfg] afgL k]sf]
jf df6f] vfg] OR5f ug]{ . gf) $= ux'Fsf] ;'Svf f]6L . df6f] gf) [k|f) ldLcf < ;+)
d[lQsf] != hldgsf] dflyNnf] efudf kfOg], 9'
\uf], afn'jf, kfgL, vlgh kbfy{ cflb af
x]ssf], af]6la?jf, afnLgfnL cflb pd|g], hLjhGt' cflb a:g] lxF8\g], efF8fsF8f cflb
agfpg] sfddf k|of]u x'g], n]p, ;8]k8]sf j:t' cflb ldn] ag]sf] pj{, a'a'fpFbf] tyf s
dnf], uGwo'Qm j:t' dL df6L . @= v]tafL hldg hUuf . ~ l3;fO gf) df6fsf] ckx0f df6f]
Ifo gf) df6f]l3;fO . ~ lj1fg gf) x]) d[lQsflj1fg . df8\g ;) lqm) [k|f) d > df8\ g]
= db{g ug{ cF7fP u8\g dfln; ug{ ldRg dNg bfAg . @= dofsd?s kfg{ sNrLldNr
ldrf] ug{ . df8 gf) [;+) d08] != cGgflbsf] kL7f] ksfP agfOPsf] sfut cflb 6fFl;g]
n]bf] kbfy{ . @= eft ksfpFbf kfSg] a]nfdf lg:sg] afSnf] ;]tf] emf]n . #= nbf] kfL
agfOPsf] vfB kbfy{ vf]n] . df8d8 gf) [df8\ (l))] a];L df8\g]jg]{ sfd u8fO . df8f gf
;+) d08] nK;L, cfFk cflbsf] ubL ksfP kftnf] kfL ;sfOPsf] cldnf] vfB kbfy{ .

dfUg] lj) [dfu\ g]] != dfu jf k|fy{gf ug]{ . gf) @= 33 dfu] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ JolQm duGt
leIfs . #= gfdsf] kl5lNt hf]l8O{ sfo{efuL ePsf] aemfpg] zAb (egfOdfUg] kf]nfOdf
Ug] cflb) . df3 gf) [;+)] != k;kl5 kmfug cl3sf] dlxgf . @= sflnbf;, efljs} sf]l6
sf ;+:s[lt ;flxTosf 7"nf slj . df3] lj) [df3 P] != df3 dlxgfsf] df3 dlxgf;DaGwL . @=
df3 dlxgfdf kg]{ jf xg] . ~ emL gf) df3 dlxgfdf kg]{ emL . ~ l7xL gf) df3 dlxgfsf]
Hofb} l7lxofpg] hf8f] clt hf8f] . ~ ;u|ftL gf) r]nLltxf . df
\ulns lj) [;+)] != d
\u
d
\un;DaGwL z'e . @= ;f}efUozfnL . gf) #= gf6s cflbdf k|fDed} d
\unkf7 ug]{ kfq . df
\uN
o lj) [;+)] != d
\unsfs z'e . @= efUojfg\ . gf) #= d
\un x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . df
af g
[ef]) a)] lnDa"hfltdf e"tk|]t cflb dG;fpg] k'f]lxt . dfr gf) [;+) d~r] a:t'efpnfO{
v'jfpgsf lglDt 3fF;, kfn cflb ;'lIft fVg agfOg] cUnf] 6f 6f}jf drfg . dfrf
\uL lj)x
gr
\uL . df5f gf) [df5f]sf] lt) )] x]) df5f] . sTn] lj) df5fsf] sTnfh:tf] (a'f, e'O
lb) . sf8 ] lj) df5fsf] sfF8fh:tf] ePsf] df5fsf] sfF8fsf] cfsfsf] (l;ofsf] 6fFsf, a'
, skfn cflb) . efnf gf) df5f dfg]{ Ps k|sfsf] efnf . df5f] gf) [+;+) dT:o > k|f) d~
5] != kfgLleq xg], lr;f] ut ;fy} k|foM sTnf klg x'g] ljleGg cfsfk|sfdf kfOg], vfBf]k
of]uL Ps hnhGt' df5f . @= aGb ulPsf] ofn9f]sf c8fpg] Ps lsl;dsf] r'sn . dfhf gf)x]) d
emf . dfh' gf) [kmf) dfh"] sfF8}sfF8f x'g] efFRbf Ps k|sfsf] rf]k jf u'b F lg:sg]
emfljz]if . ~ kmn gf) dfh'af6 lgsflnPsf] rf]ksf] 8Nnf] dfofkmn . dfem\g ;) lqm) [k|f
) dHem\ g] != efF8fat{g, bfFt cflbdf ePsf] s; jf d}nf] ofFSg dNg . @= ;kmf;U3 ug
{ :jR5 kfg{ . #= kvfNg wg . dfem gf) [k|f) dHem < ;+) dWo] != bO{ j:tsf aLr xg
] cGt . @= dWo aLr . gf)of])#= leq . dfemdem gf) [dfem\ (l))] efF8fat{g cflb dfg], k
vfNg] sfd . dfemf! gf) [k|f) dHem] xfQLsf] lk7"d F f sl;g] k5jf cl8g] 8f]L dfbf . d
femf@ gf) [;+) dHhg] r\uf p8fpg] wfuf] alnof] tyf

dfl8gdfqf dfl8g s) lqm) [df8\ O g] df8\g] sfd ulg dlng ul8g . df8Ldf8 gf) [;
!= 7"nf] kmfs 7fpF . @= k0o :yn wfld{s p2]Zon] dflg; hDdf xg] 7fpF d]nf d08L . df8
f] gf)x]) df0ff] . df8f} gf) [df0ff] < ;+) d08k] d08k ePsf] b]jdlGb (h:tf] sf7df8f}F
.) df0fs gf) [;+)] dfgsGb a'6Lljz]if . df0fjs gf) [;+)] != afns l76f] . @= afpGg] .
#= d"v{ dfG5] . $= ljBfyL{ . %= ;f]x| u]8f ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] df]tLdfnf . dfl0fsdfl
0fSo gf) [;+) dfl0fSo] u'nfkmL jf ftf]
sf] Ps Tg kb\dfudl0f nfndl0f dflgs . df0ff]
) d08k] ljjfx d08k b'nfxfb'nxLn] laxfdf 3'Dg] hUu] df8f] . df08lns gf) [;+)] != sg}
d08n jf k|fGtsf] k|dv ' zf;s hf}6f . @= zf;gsfo{ . lj) #= d08n;DaGwL d08nsf] . df08
Jo gf) [;+)] uf]qk|jt{s Ps k|frLg Clif . uf]q gf) df08Jo Clifsf] sn jf j+zaf6 rn] cf
sf] jf ;f] sn jf j+zsf] klrfos gfd 1jfnL, ahufO{F cflb y xgx ] sf] uf]q . df08"So gf
[;+)] b; k|l;4 pklgifb\dWo] Ps . dft! gf) [;+) db] != sg} gzfn j:t jf nfu" kbfy
{ (S;L, hfF8, cDdn O)) . @= wg, dfg, of}jg, OHht cflbsf] 3dG8 tds . #= nfu" kbfy{s
f] ;]jgaf6 xg] pGdfb jf c; db . dft@ gf) [c)] ljz]iftM v]n, s:tL, le8Gt cflbdf xg]
xf jf kfho dfy . (pbf) lxhf]sf] km6an v]ndf ;\s6f P3fn] 7d]n P3fnfO{ uhan] dft ul
) . dft\u gf) [;+)] != xfQL . @= gLr dflg; r08fn . #= lsft leNn . > dft\uL gf) != b;
fljBfdWo] Ps (tGq) . @= rf08fn hflt jf JolQmsL :qL . #= jl;i7sL kTgL . $= kfj{tL
. dftlbn lj) [c) dfptlbn] g w]} udL{ g w]} hf8f] ;dzLtf]i0f dwf] . dftj/ lj)x]) df
. dftxt lj) [c)] != csf] cf>o, cwLg, v6g jf lgoGq0fdf x]sf] cwLg:y . gf) @= xftf jf
Onfsf cDan . ~ bhf{ gf) k|dv cfeGbf dlgsf jf cwLgdf x]sf ;Da4 cfsf sd{rfLsf] kb .
dftxtL gf) dftxt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf cwLgtf clVtofL . dftf gf) [;+)] != hGd lbg] :q
L cfdf ddf hggL dxtfL Ohf . @= sg} cfb0fLo k"Ho :qL . @= b]jL (nIdL, ;:jtL
1006

cflb) . $= ;GGofl;gL hf]lugL . %= cGg lbP kfNg] wtL{ . ^= b"w vjfpg] ufO{ . knf g
f) ;fx|} kftnf] ;]tf] nuf . dfltg c) lqm) x]) dflQg . dftn gf) [;+)] dfdf > dft
nL dfOh" . dftn]o gf) dfdfsf] 5f]f] . dft[ gf) [;+)] dftf hggL . > dft[s lj) != dft
;DaGwL dftfsf] . @= dftfsf tkm{af6 k|fKt xg] (Jojxf, clwsf O)) . dft[sf gf) != cfdf
dftf hggL . @= wfO{cfdf . #= ljjfx, j|taGw cflb df\ulns sfo{sf] k"jf{u \ sf kdf k"hf
ulg] ;f]xj | 6L b]jLxsf] ju{ (uf}L, kf, zrL, d]wf, ;fljqL, ljhof, hof, b]j;]gf, :jw
f, :jfxf, dftf, nf]sdftf, zflGt, kli6, w[lt :jl:t) . $= tGqzf:qsf cg;f ;ftj6L b
]jL (a|fXdL, dfx]ZjL, sf}dfL, j}i0fjL, OGb|f0fL, rfd08f jffxL) . %= k~rfzt\ j0f{df
t[sf . ^= ;|f]t d"n . &= hfbsf] zlQm lglxt xg] cIfxsf] vf; k|sfsf] ]vflrq . ~ sn g
cfdfklsf] j+z dfdfnLsf] sn . ~ u0f ;ft jf ;f]x| dft[sfsf] u0f jf ju{ (;Ktdft[sf iff]
8zdft[sf) . ~ 3fts3ftL lj) cfdfsf] xTof ug]{ cfdfnfO{ dfg]{ . ~ tGq gf) dftf g} u[x:
jfldgL dflgg] pg}n] 3]n Joj:yf klg ug]{ s]xL k|frLg hfltdf tyf jt{dfgdf klg st}s
t} k|rlnt Ps ;fdflhs Joj:yf . Tj gf) dftf jf cfdf xgfsf] u0f, cj:yf jf efj . ~
kIf lj) dft[sn ;Fu ;Da4 kIf (dfdf, dftfdx cflb) dft[sn . ~ efiff gf) cfdfsf] sfvdf a
;] l;lsg] tyf cfgf ju{ jf hfltdf af]lng] efiff . ~ lzz sNof0f s]Gb| gf) :jf:Yosfo{
qmdcGtu{t kljf lgof]hgsf ;fy;fy} aRrf aRrfsf] cfdfsf] :jf:Yo;]jfsf lglDt vf]lnPsf]
s]Gb| . dft[ ;Qf gf) [;+)] != kljfdf cfdfs} ;Qf ;jf]R { r tyf ;jf]{kl xg] ;fdflhs Jo
j:yf dft[tGq . @= cfdfsf gfdaf6 j+ z kDkf rNg] ;fdflhs Joj:yf . > dft[ ;QfTds lj) df
t[;Qf k|dv ePsf] dft[;Qfsf kdf rn]sf] . dfQ lqm) lj) [;+) dfq] dfq vfln s]jn (pbf) d
dfQ PSn} ToxfF hfGg .F) . dflQg c) lqm) [dft O g] != dQ xg dfb r9\g nfu" kbfy{sf]
zf nfUg . @= wg, dg, of}jg cflbn] uDsg dfly ku ] klg r9]sf] xg pGdQ xg . #=
kflQg knklng . $= lgxF vf]Hg hf]L vf]Hg . dfQ} lqm) lj) [dfQ g}] dfq g} dfQ . d
q lqm) lj) [;+)] s]jn vfln Psn} dfq} dfQ} . dfqf gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tsf] Ps k6sdf p
]u ulg] dfg kldf0f . @= Ps v]kdf vfOg] cf]vtLsf] kldf0f jf

1007

dflqsdfg\g 8f]L dfemf . dfbf@ lj) [kmf)] kf]yL . dfbL gf) [ef]) a)] != cGgk"0ff{ lxd
nsf lxdgbLxaf6 pTklQ eO{ tgxF lhNnfsf] bdf}nLdf cfO{ ;]tLdf ldl;g] Ps gbL . @= s
f];L c~rn ;\vjf;ef lhNnfcGtu{t kg]{ Ps ufpF . dfwj gf) [;+)] != lji0f . @= j}zfv
dlxgf . #= j;Gt Ct . dfwjL gf) [;+)] != ;ulGwt ;]tf] k"mn kmNg] jf;GtL ntf .
@= tn;L . #= dxaf6 tof kflPsf] Ps k]o kbfy{ . $= ;+) !(^%df dft[k|;fbsf gfpFn] :j)
fddl0f cf) bL) ff ;Dkflbt sfzLaf6 k|sflzt g]kfnL ;flxlTos dfl;s klqsf . ~ ntf gf) b
;kGw| ;]lG6ld6 nfdf xlof kft xg,] dfly kx]n F f] tn ;]tf] sf] ;ulGwt kmn xg] ;bfa
xf Ps nxf] . dflwd] gf) [;+) df g]jf) lwd]] gf\u} xft a]tsf] 3ds ] f] uhfn] ahfOg],
of afhf;d"xsf] dVo tfnafhf sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] lwd] afhfsf] 7"nf] k|sf . dfwL gf)
[;+)] != ld7f; dwtf . @= S;L . dfwo { gf) [;+)] != dL7f]kg dwf]kgf dwtf ;f}Gbo
. @= ;flxTodf ;; ;ud xg] tyf kf7snfO{ dgf]x nfUg] kf~rfnL Llt;Fu ;DalGwt sfJofTds
u0f . dfWo lj) [;+)] dWojtL{ dfemsf] s]Gb|Lo aLrsf] . dfWod lj) [;+)] != dWojtL{ c+
z;Fu ;Da4 s]Gb|Lo Psbd dfemsf] . gf) @= sg} sfd l;4 ug]{ ;fwg jf pkfo sg} sfd ;DkGg u
g]{ ;fwg jf JolQm . dfWolds lj) [;+)] != dfemsf] aLrsf] . gf) @= af}4 wd{sf rf ;Dk|
bfodWo] Ps . ~ ljBfno gf) lgDg dfWoldseGbf dflyNnf], k|j]lzsf kLIffsf tx;Ddsf] lgo
ldt k9fO xg] ljBfno cf7f}Fb]lv b;f}F sIff;Dd dfq k9fO xg] ljBfno . ~ lzIff gf) d
Wolds ljBfnodf lbOg] jf k"f xg] lzIff . dfWoflXgs lj) [;+)] dWofXgsf] dWolbgsf] dWo
fXg ;DaGwL . dfWj lj) [;+)] != dwaf6 ag]sf] jf tof ePsf] dwlgld{t . @= dw dL7f] .
f) #= dWjfrfo{ff rn]sf] Ps j}i0fj ;Dk|bfo . dfWjL gf) [;+)] != dwaf6 agfOPsf] Ps l
sl;dsf] S;L . @= dfwjLntf . > dfWjLs gf) != dxjfsf] S;L . @= c\usf] S;L . #= c\u
g\g ;) lqm) [dfg g] != eg]sf] sf] 6]g{ cf1fkfng ug{ . @= dfg ug{ dflgtf] fVg
4f ug{ . #= k"hf jf elQmefjgf ug{ ;]jf ug{ . $= :jLsf ug{ dGh

c+z . #= Jo~hgsf ;fy hf]l8g] cfsf, Osf, psf cflb lrXg (f, l,  cflb) . $= :jlrXg . %
= cIfsf] pRrf0f ubf{ nfUg] ;do . ^= wg;DklQ . ~ j[Q gf) dflqs 5Gb . dflqs lj) [;+)]
dfqf;DaGwL dfqfsf] u0fgf ulg] . ~ 5Gb gf) dfqfxnfO{ Wofgdf fv] jf dfqfsf] u0fgfaf6 r
ldnfOg] 5Gbljz]if . dfq} lqm) lj) [;+) dfq g}] dfq g} dfq} . dfT;o{ gf) [;+)] != dT;sf
] efj jf cj:yf . @= csf] pGglt b]v] xg] 8fxf O{iof{ 8f9f] hng . dfy! gf) [;+) d:ts]
fpsf] lz dfyf . dfy@ gf)x]) dft@ . dfyj lj) [c) df]ta] != kTof ug{ ;lsg] ekbf]{
/ . @= enfbdL ;Hhg . #= kh F Ljfn wgf9 ;DkGg . l;+x gf) g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df ljqmdsf]
GgfO;f}F ztfAbLsf] cGtlt k|wfgdGqL ag]sf yfkf snsf Ps k|l;4 JolQm . dfyf gf) [;+) d
:ts] lz 6fpsf] dfyf . kRrLklRr;L gf) w]} lbdfu lvofpgkg]{ sfd lubLkufnfO . dfly
) != dfl:t pFef] pk . lqm)lj) @= pRr >]0fL jf sf]l6df . #= cUnf] 7fpFdf dfl:t . $= kl
n] cufl8 (n]v, jQmJo cflbdf) . %= dflyNnf] 7fpF jf efu rf]6f] . ^= cltlQm yk . sf] b
]ptf gf) cfsfzb]jL (s]6fs]6Lsf ;fd gfpF glng] rngcg;f) . > dflyNnf] lj) != dfl:t j
f pFef] x]sf] pkNnf] dflysf] . @= pRr >]0fL jf pkNnf] txsf] (bhf{, ljefu O)) . dfb g
f) [;+) db] != db dft gzf . @= cledfg 3dG8 . #= k|;Ggtf xif{ . dfbs lj) [;+)] != dtfp
g] gzf nfUg] a]xf]; kfg]{ . @= cfgGbbfos . tf gf) dfbs xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ kbf
y{ gf) dft nufpg] j:t (S;L, ufFhf, r]; O)) . ~ km;n gf) ufFhf, ;tL{ cflbsf] afnL j
f pTkfbg . dfbg gf) [;+)] != db dft gzf . @= sfdb]j . lj) #= gzfdf n kfg]{ dfbs . dfb
n gf) [;+) db{n] != f]6]lksf] bO{ vfFafsf aLrdf xg] anf] . @= wf jf wL k:g] y, aU
jf uf]?uf8fsf klxofsf aLrsf] cjoj gfp . #= bflxg]lt ;fFuf] b]a|]lt s]xL 7"nf] dv e
Psf], t];f]{ kf] sDddf leL gf\uf] xftn] ahfOg] 5fnfsf vL;lxtsf] g]kfnsf] clt nf]slk|o
tfnafhf . > dfbn gf) dfbn (sljtf, uLt nf]suLtdf k|rlnt) . dfbn] lj) != dfbn leg]{
jf ahfpg] . @= dfbnh:tf] . #= 7"nf] a8]dfsf] . $= dfOnf] ug]{ ldtf b]vfpg] . dfbf! g
f) [;+) dWo] xfQLsf kL7df sl;g] k5jf c8\g]

dfgdfgjLs/0f ug{ fhL xg . %= 7Ls 7fGg 7xfpg . ^= rf8kj{ cflb dgfpg . &= ljZjf;
ug{ kTofpg . dfg gf) [;+)] != cfb ;Tsf ;Ddfg k|lti7f . @= cledfg cx\sf 3dG8 .
. $= gfk tf}n kldf0f . %= gfosn] u]sf] ckfw b]v ] gflosf ck|;Gg xg] sfd jf l:ylt .
= gS;fdf wftnLo b"L hgfpg] lx;fa jf tYof\sLo kldf0f . > dfgs gf) ljlzi6 j:tsf] cfsf
sf, dxj cflb hfFRg] sg} cflwsfls :t, dfgb08 jf k . sGb gf) ss{nfsf cfsfsf 7"n7"nf
g xg], a6L dfg] . u[x gf) != :qLxn] klt jf k|d ] LnfO{ 3Sof{P a:g] 3 dfgdlGb .
|l;4 lnR5lj fhf dfgb]jn] agfPsf], Ps k|l;4 ejg . (o; bafdf 6fFluPsf] tf]0fsf] csf]{
6Kkf] rfFug  ffo0f dlGbsf] uhdf ufFl;Psf] pNn]v clen]vxdf kfOPsf] 5) . dfgr\uL lj)
;fgf] hftsf] (;kfL jf gljn) . ~ gljn gf) gljns} 5fF6sf sf08, kft, k"mn kmn nfUg] ;f
f] vfnsf] gljn . ~ ;kfL gf) ;fgf] Ps hftsf] ;kfLljz]if . dfglrq gf) [;+)] k[YjLsf ;
Dk"0f{ dxfb]z tyf dxf;fusf] lrq gS;f e"lrqfjnL e"lrq . dfgb08 gf) [;+)] != gfKg] nL j
b08 uh . @= of]Uotf, u0f, j}lzi6 cflb vf; sfsf] d"No lglZrt ug]{ jf cfwf lgwf{lt ug
{ :jLs[t :t jf dfWod . dfgb]j gf) [;+)] k|l;4 dfgu[xsf lgdf{tf lnR5ljsfnLg Ps k|Vo
ft fhf . dfggLo lj) [;+)] != dfg jf cfb ug{ of]Uo dfGo cfb0fLo . @= dGqL, ;+;bsf ;b:o
snklt cflb ;f];xsf cGo JolQmnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . dfgkq gf) [;+)] cle
gGbgkq . dfg kbjL gf) [dfg kbjL] cfe"if0f, cn\sf, k|z+;fkq cflb . dfg e\u gf) [;+)] ck
fg ck|lti7f a]OHhtL dfgxflg . dfgefp gf) [dfg efp] dfg dof{bf dfg sb k|lti7f OH
tf] . dfg dlgtf] gf) [dfg dlgtf] != cfgf snkDkfn] dfGb} cfPsf b]jb]jLsf] k"hfcfhf . @=
dfgefp . dfg dlGb gf) [;+)] != :qLx l;fP a:g] 3 sf]kejg dfgu[x . @= u|xgIfqxsf] lg
]{ oGqx x]sf] :yfg j]wzfnf . dfg dof{bf gf) [;+)] dfgefp dfgdlgtf] . dfg ldhf; gf) [d
g ldhf; ] != dfg ldhf; cfb;Tsf . @= lzi6frf ;f}hGo . dfg gf) tfO{ If]qdf k|rlnt,
sfsf] Ps
1008

k|sfsf] df6fsf] afhf . dfgj gf) [;+)] != dgsf ;Gtlt dgio . :qL) dfgjL . lj) @= dg
;u F ;DalGwt dgsf] j+zdf pTkGg ePsf] dg;DaGwL . :qL) dfgjL . ~ clwsf gf) ;+oQm fi
6;\3n] O) !($* df u]sf] 3f]if0ffcg;f ljZjsf dfgjdfqn] kfpg] cfwfe"t ;fdflhs, cfly{s
gfuls xs tyf :jtGqtf . dfgjtf gf) [;+)] dfgj xgfsf] efj jf ljz]iftf dgio aGg rflx
g] u0f dgioTj . jfb gf) dflg;sf k|sl[ t, k|lti7f, cfbz{ cflbdf ljZjf; ug]{ dt jf
l;4fGt, dflg;n] dflg;k|lt ug]{ fd|f] Jojxfsf] l;4fGt . jfbL lj) dfgjtfjfbdf ljZjf;
ug]{ dfgjtfjfbsf] l;4fGtsf] ;dy{s jf cgofoL . dfgjtL lj) [;+)] != cfk"m dfgdf xg
rfxg] cledflggL dflggL (:qL) . gf) @= ;flxTodf gfosl;t c;Gti6 jf ?i6 ePsL gflosf
. dfgj wd{ zf:q gf) [;+)] dfgjwd{sf] ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q dg:d[lt dg;l+ xtf . dfgj
k"js { fn gf) [;+)] g[tjzf:qcg;f lslgof g jfg To;eGbf klxn]sf] ;do . dfgj a:tL gf
gj a:tL] dflg;sf] a;f]af; ePsf] e"If]q . dfgj ou gf) [;+)] != g[tjzf:qcg;f/ k[YjLd
f klxnf]kN6 dfgjsf] ;[li6 k|fDe xg yfn]sf] ou cfheGbf krf;b]lv rfnL; nfv jif{klx
n] k|fDe ePsf] ou . @= k|fltg"tgfZdsf] ;d:t efu jf lxdsNksf] ;d:t efunfO{ elgg]
ou . dfgj zf:q gf) [;+)] != dfgjhfltsf] pTklQ, k|sf, u0f, :jefj, ;+:s[lt cflbsf]
cWoog ug]{ Ps zf:q g[tjzf:q g[jz + zf:q . @= d"ntM dfgjhfltsf] pGgltk|ultdf ;xfos
xg] Oltxf;, bz{g, kftj, bz{g, dgf]lj1fg, cy{zf:q, fhgLlt, ;flxTo cflbl;t ;DaGw fVg
] ;a} zf:qljifo . dfgjfgu0  f gf) [;+)] g[tjzf:qcg;f gjfgfgu0fleq kg]{ ;\sL0f{gf;
ePsfdWo] ckR5sf] u0fgfdf cfpg] dfgj To;;Fu ldNg] k|f0fLsf] ;d"x . dfgljsL gf) [;
+)] lzIffzf:qLo juL{s0fsf b[li6n] dflg;sf ljrf, ;DaGw cflb;Fu ;DalGwt 1fgxdWo] bz{g
, efiff, ;flxTo, snf, e"uf]n, ul0ft, Oltxf; cflb;Fu ;DalGwt zfvf . ~ ;fdflhs zf:
q gf) dfgljsL fhg}lts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs cflb zf:qxsf] ;dbfo . ~ ;fdflhs zf:q cWoog
;+:yfg gf) pQm ;dbfosf] k7gkf7g;Fu ;DalGwt ;+:yf . dfgjLs0f gf) [;+)] sg} j:tnfO{
dfgjsf] k lbgfsf] efj tyf k|lqmof jf dfgjsf kdf slNkt tyf k|:tfljt ug]{ sfd .

1009

dfgjLodfg] dflgg s) lqm) [dfg\ O g] dfg ulg klhg . dflg; gf) [;+) dfgif] h}ljs h
df dl:tis tyf al4ansf sf0fn] ;a}eGbf >]i7, ljsl;t tyf r]tgzLn kdf x]sf] >dnfO{ ;n t
yf ;ud tNofpg cfjZostfcg;f xltofsf] lgdf{0f tyf k|of]u;d]t ug]{ :tgkfoLju{sf] b
Ov { ] k|f0fL dgio dfG5] . dfgL! gf) [yf)] rf kfyLsf] kldf0f . dfgL@ lj) [;+)] !
} dfg jf sfsf] cledfg ug],{ cledfgL cx\sfL 3dG8L . @= dfg ePsf] jf dfg kfpg] k|ltli7
htbf . dfgL# lj) [;+) dfg O{] 3sf] dflyNnf] tyf hfFtfsf] tNnf] kmUNofF6fsf Kjfndf flvg
] 3Dg ;lhnf] kfg]{ sf7, kmnfd cflbsf] 8G8L dfg] . ~ 3 gf) 3 hfFtf]sf] dfgL l5fpg]
f] . ~ kfyL gf) dfgL agfPafkt sfdLn] rngcg;f kfpg] Ps kfyL cGg . dfg gf) [;+) dfg
] != b; d7L cGg elg], c6fpg] jf gfKg] efF8f] dfgf] . @= Tolt cGgsf] kldf0f . #= k]
6kfnf]sf] ;fwg bfgfkfgL . ~ rfdn gf) x]) dfgfrfdn . ~ 5lg 6) c+zaG8f u] a]Un} a:g
nu 3hd ug{ . ~ d7L gf) != w]yf] cGgkft clncln cgfh bO{rf d7L . @= ljz]iftM c;xf
QmnfO{ jf ;3fpgkg]{ l:yltdf lbOg] clncln cGgkft jf vr{ . ~ dL gf) v]tL ubf{ Ps d
fgfsf] Ps dLsf bn] kmNg] pAhgL xg] wfg cflb cGg . dfgif gf) [;+)] dflg; dgio . >
dfglifs lj) dgio;DaGwL dflg;sf] h:tf] dfgjLo . dfgifL gf) cfOdfO{ :jf:gLdfG5] :qL
lxnf . dfg" ;+of]) [dfg\pmF] h:tf] t'No ;dfg dfgf}F . dfg]! gf) [;+) dfgsGb] vfg x'
h
\unL ss{nf] dfgsGb . dfg]@ gf) [c) dfgL] cy{ cfzo clek|fo dtna tfTko{ . dfg]# lj)
]P] != dfg'sf] dfgf;DaGwL (kldf0f jf gfkf]) . @= dfgfe xg], c6fpg], xflng] jf kfSg]
olQ g} vfg] jf vfg ;Sg], h:tf] Psdfg], tLgdfg], kfFrdfg] (efF8f], JolQm cflb) . d
fg]$ gf) [;+) dfgP] hfFtf]sf] tNnf] tyf 3 cflbsf dfemdf dflyNnf] kmUNofF6fsf Kjfndf
xflng] sf7 jf kmnfdsf] 8G8L x]) dfgL klg . dfg]% gf) [;+) dl0fkb\d] != af}4 wdf{j
nDaLxn] xftdf lnP 3'dfpg] dl0fkb\d] x'F n]lvPsf] Ps j:t' . @= af}4wdf{jnDaLxn] lrxfg
fly Wjhf uf8L agfPsf] :tDe . ~ ufpF gf) nfdf, tfdf
xsf] dfg] ePsf] 7fpFsf] a:tL . ~
8f8f] gf) dfg] yfkgf ulPsf] 8fF8f] . ~ eGHof
dfg] x]sf] eGHof
. ~ dwf}? gf) lafdL
xfgf u] sfd gug]{ dflg; .

dfgjLo lj) [;+)] != dfgj;DaGwL dfgj jf dg'iosf] . @= dflg; eP ulg] dg'iof]lrt . ~ tj

) dflg;df x'g'kg]{ u'0f jf j}lzi6 . dfg; gf) [;+)] != cg'ej cg'el" t tyf ljrf ;+jb
] gf cflb x'g], dflg;df x]sf] cfGtls ;Qf dg x[bo . @= dfg;f]j . #= t'n;Lbf;s[t fdfo0
drltdfg;) . lj) $= dg;Fu ;DaGw fVg] dfgl;s . ~ k'q gf) OR5fn] dfq pTkGg ;Gtlt slNkt k
'q . ~ k"hf gf) nf}lss ljlw gcFufnL dgff g} ;a} s[To ulg] k"hf . dfg;f]j gf) [;+)] !
xdfndf s}nf; kj{td'lg x]sf] 7"nf] kljq tLy{ dflgg] Ps k|l;4 bx . @= x7of]udf zLleq
sNkgf ulPsf] cd[tkL efj;f]j jf ;f] xg] :yfg . dfgl;s lj) [;+)] != dg;DaGwL dg;Fu ;Da
Vg] dfg; cflTds . ~ cf3ft gf) != dgdf k]sf] cf3ft jf rf]6 tf gf) dfg;df x'g] efj, u'
f jf l:ylt cflTdstf . dfg;L lj) [;+)] != dg;DaGwL dfgl;s dgsf] . @= dg}dg x'g] (cffwg
f k"hf O)) . dfgxflg gf) [;+)] s;}sf] OHht, k|lti7f cflbdf Iflt k'ofpg] sfd dfge
\u a]
HhtL ckdfg . dfgf gf) [;+) dfg] != b; d'7Lafasf] cgfh cflb eg]{ efF8f] dfg' . lj) @=
b; d'7Lsf] kldf0f ePsf] . dfgf
\s gf) [;+)] lnR5lj fhf dfgb]jn] k|rngdf NofPsf] 6s dfg
f
\sdb|f . ~ dbf | gf) dfgf\s . dfgf rfdn gf) [dfgf rfdn] != sg} ljz]if l:yltdf cn
Ljglgjf{x jf k]6kfnf]sf lglDt lbOg] vr{, j[lQ jf l;wf k]l6of . @= ;sfsf] ;]jfdf ljz
]if kn] ;+nUg efbfsf j+zh tyf pRr vfgbfgsf JolQmnfO{ hLjglgjf{xsf nflu lbOg] lghsf]
d[Tokl5 ;f] hUuf }sdf kl0ft ulg] Ps k|sfsf] kfgf] latf{k|yf vjf latf{ . dfgf kfyL
dfg kfyL jf Tolt kldf0fsf] j:t . dfgfy{ lj) [;+)] dfgsf lglDtsf] dfgsf] vflt . ~
pkflw gf) vf; k|fl1s cfjZostfsf nflu tofL ePsf kf7f+zx k"f guL sg} vf; If]qdf dxjk"
kmntf xfl;n u]sf] JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ lbOg] l8u|L jf pkflw . ~ ;b:o gf) dfgfy{ lbO
g] ;b:okb . dflgs gf) [;+) dfl0fSo] nfndl0f . dflgsf gf) [;+)] != Ps k|sfsf] S;L . @
= cf7 kn jf ;f7L tf]nfsf] tf}n jf kldf0f . #= lnR5ljsfnLg k|rngdf Ps dLhltsf] gfk
f] . ~ s gf) k"f pAhgLsf] 5}6f}F efu lnOg] Ps k|sfsf] kfgf] e"lds . dflgtf gf) [;+)
Gotf] != dfGotf ;Ddfg cfb dfgefp . @= :jfledfg uf}j .

dfgf]dfof dfgf]! cJo) dfg"F dfgf}F . dfgf]@ gf) [;+) dfg] b; d7L cGga/fa/sf] efF8f]
dfg . dfgf} cJo) [dfg\cf}F] ;dfg t'No dfg"F . dfG5] gf) [;+) dg'io] dflg; dg'io .
ef8f] gf) 7Ls dflg; nfhl3gsf] Vofn ePsf] dfG5] (pbf) Tof] dfG5]sf] efF8} xf]Og, h] d
g nfUof] ToxL u5{) . ~ vfg] s'f gf) ga'lemg] af]nL jf efiff (pbf) ltdL dfG5] vfg] sf
gu, g]kfnLdf eg) . dfGB gf) [;+)] != dGb x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt dGbtf ;':tL . @= b'a{n
tf sdhf]L . #= f]u ladfL . $= Go"gtf sdL . dflGb|nf] lj) [dfGb|f]O{nf]] dfGb|f] h:t
dfGb| ] lj) [dfGb|f]P] != dfGb|f] a'g]em}F uL a'g]sf] dfGb|fsf] h:tf] agf]6 ePsf] .
@= afSnf] alnof] (f8L) . gf) #= dfGb|f] a'Gg] a]Rg] dflg; . ~ d];f] gf) != dfGb|f]
a'Gbfsf] h:tf] d];f] jf l;nl;nf dfGb|f] a]lPem}F ePsf] f]n jf tfFtL . @= f8Lsf a'gf
]6sf] Ps d];f] . #= dfGb|f] a]]em}F eO{ n'lF 8Fb} cfPsf] 5fn . lqm) lj) $= pko'Q
{ m lsl;dn] tfFtLsf tfFtL nfu] . dfGb|f ] gf) afF;sf] rf]ofaf6 lrqf] a'ge ] m}F r'N
7]d; ] f] kfL a'lgg], t lrqf]d; ] f]df em}F PsPs kft gl6kL bO { bO{ kft l6k] algg]
, la:sg ;sfpg], s73fdf cf]5fpg] cflb sfd lnOg] j:t . dfGwftf gf) [;+)] cof]Wofsf k
f0fk|l;4 Ps ;"oj { z + L fhf . dfGo lj) [;+)] != dfg ug{ nfos cfb0fLo . @= dfGg of]U
o :jLsf ug{ ;lsg] . tf gf) != dfGo xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf dgfO . @= dfGg] sfd dfg OHh
#= sg} ljrf, l;4fGt, sf] cflbnfO{ dfGg] efj jf k|lqmof . $= sfdsf] l:jsfL k|dfl0ft
jf 7"nf] ;+:yfff ;fgf] ;+:yf jf To;sf sfdsfhdf lbg] :jLs[lt . j lj) dfg ug{ of]Uo c
b0fLo . dfk gf) [;+) dfkg] != gfKg] sfd gfkf] dfkg . @= gfKg] pks0f . dfks gf) [;+)]
= gfKg] pks0f dfgf, kfyL, uh, km6 cflbdWo] sg} Ps ;fwg . @= 9s . lj) #= dfk ug]{ j
f gfKg], (h:t} :tdfks, bUwdfks, jiff{dfks) . dfksl08sf gf) [;+)] cGg, t]n cflb eg
]{ dfgf], kfyL, s?jf cflb . dfkrf]s gf) [lsf)] ;DklQ;DaGwL lgoGq0f ug]{ tyf ljjfx;D
aGwL lgod nfu" ug]{ lnR5ljsfnLg Ps cf . dfkg gf) [;+)] gfKg] sfd dfk . > dfkgLo lj)
dfk ug{ of]Uo gfKg ;lsg] . dfk lj1fg gf) [;+)] cfotg gfKg] Ps lj1fg .
1010

dfkf lj) [;+) gfNk > k|f) 0fKk] s8f h\uL . sf] lj) s8f ldhf;sf] l;fxf h\uL . dfkm
dcfkm] != dfkmL jf Ifdf lbOPsf] . gf) @= bf]ifL jf ckfwLnfO{ lbOg] ;hfosf] 56 I
fdf . #= lngkg]{ sd 5f]8\g] sfd ldgfxf 5"6 . dfkmf gf) ufpF3lt k|rltn kfNsLh:tf] Ps
|sfsf] ;jfL ;fwg . dflkms gf) of]) [c) dcflkms] != adf]lhd dtflas cg;f . lqm) lj)
= lgwf{lt l:ylt, kldf0f, ult cflbdf dof{bfdtflas . lj) #= lj?4 gePsf] cgsn pkoQm .
dflkmof gf) sfg"g, fHoJoj:yfnfO{ xfFs lbg] 7"n7"nf ckfw sfo{df ;+nUg 5 ckfwL;d"x . df
kmL gf) [c) dcfkmL] != b08;hfo cflbaf6 dlQm lbg] sfd Ifdf dfkm . @= ldgfxf dlQm .
lj) #= sdsnd jf ltf]ef] s]xL gnfUg] ldgfxf xg] . ~ 5fk gf) dfkmLlatf{ . ~ latf{ gf)
ltf]ef] ug{ gkg]{ uL lbOPsf] latf{ . dfd gf) [af) af])] eft . dfdsL gf) af}4 wd{cg;
f k~rtffdWo] Ps Tg;DejsL kTgL Tgkfl0fsL cfdf . dfdnf] gf)x]) dfldnf . dfdf gf) [;+
n] != cfdfsf bfh jf efO . @= k|xL (nfIfl0fs cy{df) . ~ 3 gf) h]n . ~ r]nf] gf) dfd
fsf] 5f]f] . dfldnf gf) [c) dcfldn] != k:kdf xg] sg} sfd jf Jojxf sfdsfafO{ dfdn
em}emu8f dfdnf d2f . ~ lgS;fL gf) f0ffsfndf k|wfgdGqLn] d2f ;gL lgsf;f lbg] cf s
G8OgrLkmsf] bnfgdf xg] cf . dfdnL lj) [dfd"nL c) dcd"n] != ;fdfGo ;fwf0f . @= lgDg
f] gu0o dxjxLg . dfd|L gf) [dfd L] efF8fdf 89] vf] ePsf] eft, l9F8f] cflbsf] rfd|f]
] . dfof gf) [;+)] != df]xjz s;}sf k|lt xg] xflb{stfoQm cgfu, k|]d jf :g]xsf] e
fj Kof k|Llt ddtf ddTj . @= sg} k|sfsf] e|dk"0f{, cjf:tljs tyf ldYof wf0ff jf cfef;
5n sk6 . #= sg} 5nk"0f{ sfd jf sf (hfb6gf, OGb|hfn, r6s cflb) . $= j]bfGtsf cg;f ;
k"0f{ ;[li6 k|k~rsf] sf0f dflgg] O{Zjsf] cnf}lss tyf cb[Zo zlQm nLnf . %= cljBf c1fg
. ^= hLjgnfO{ aGwgdf fVg] df]xkL zlQm . &= wg ;DklQ bf}nt . *= s"6gLlt bfpk]r . (= n
IdL buf{ . ~ hfn gf) != dfofkL hfnf] df]xsf] aGwg . @= u[x:yLsf] hGhfn . b]jL gf) a
4sL dftfsf] gfd . kfz gf) dfofhfn . ~ lktL{k|LtL

1011

dfofndfS;{{ dftfn gf) [df tfn] hjfv]ndf dfg]{ jf lhTg] bfp nflux]sf] cj:yf . dflk6
df lk6] lk6flk6 emu8f dfsf6 dffdf . dfdu \ L | gf) [df d\u|f] O{] != lk6fO
6 dfsf6 . dfjf8L gf) [dfjf8 (k|b]z) O{] != eftsf] dfjf8 cyf{t\ jt{dfg fh:yfgsf] lg
}sf] ju{ jf hflt tyf af]nL . @= :jf:gLdflg;n] sfgsf nf]tLdf nfpg] dGb|fh:tf] af
6nf] s]xL df]6f] uxgf . dff gf) [df\ cf] != gfdzAbsf] kl5lNt hf]l8P dfg]{, vtd ug]{
lb cy{ aemfpg] zAb (h:tf] Hofgdff, jgdff, efOdff, aunLdff O)) . @= hjf cflb v]ndf l
htsf] efj b;f{pg k|of]u ulg] zAb dff{ . dffdf gf) [df\ cf df\] != cfkm;df lk6flk6
flk6 . @= dflg;xsf] c6fOg;Sg 3OFrf] 7"nf] eL8 . #= sfdsfhsf] r]kfr]k . lj) $= elefp
ek" kof{Kt oy]i6 . dflg s) lqm) [df\ O g] dfg]{ sfd ulg . dflGu] gf) tLgrf ld
tf] lrNnf] af]qmf xg], xlof ;;fgf k"mn kmNg], sfnf] l;:gsf em}F kmn nfUg] (cfl
6{s];L ;d"xsf]) Ps af]6 . dflif gf) [;+)] != gf6ssf] ;"qwf . @= gf6sdf cfb0fLo jf ;D
dfGo JolQmnfO{ ulg] ;Daf]wg . dfL lqm) lj) [df\ O{] df] jf 6U \ ofP latfP (h:tf]
~ d]6L lqm) lj) ePesf] ;a} l;LvL . gf) @= lnglbgsf] rStL l5gfkmfgf . df? gf) [;
bLks fusf] Ps k|sf jf ;f] fudf ufOg] uLt . df?t gf) [;+)] != xfjf kjg jfo . @= jfo
jf kjgsf clwklt b]jtf . > df?lt gf) != xgdfg\ . @= eLd . #= eftdf ag]sf] df]6sf] P
s k|sf/ . df?gL gf) [;+) df? gL] cfOdfO{sf] e]ifdf gfRg] ufpg] JolQm grjL g6jL . ~
gfr gf) df?gLn] gfRg], cn] ufgahfg ug]{ 96 F j  f]n] :jf kfg]{ k|l;4 g]kfnL nf]sgf
r . dfs{! gf) hd{gLsf] db|f . dfs{@ [c\)] lrgf] k|fKtf . dfs{08]o gf) [;+)] ci6lr~h
dWo] Ps tyf d[s08 Clifsf kq Ps k|frLg k|l;4 Clif . ~ kf0f gf) dfs{08]o Clifff k|0f
Lt jf pgsf gfddf k|rlnt Ps kf0f . dfsf{ gf) [c\) dfs{] lrXg lrg 5fk lg;fg . dfS;{
lts ;fDojfb bfz{lgs GfTds ef}ltsjfbsf k|0f]tf hd{gLsf Ps k|l;4 ljfg\ tyf qmflGtsfL g
]tf . (k"f gfd sfn{ x]glr dfS;{M !*!*!**# O)) . jfb

gf) k:ksf] cgfudo cfsif{0f jf ;DaGw dfof k|d ] . kL gf) df]IfbflogL ;ft kLdWo
~ dfL lqm) lj) != dfof df] . gf) @= dfof dfg]{ :jefj jf rfn . ~ df]x gf) != dfof tyf
df]x . @= :g]x k|]d . #= O{ZjLo dfofaf6 k}bf ePsf] dflgg] ;f+;fls j:tk|ltsf] cf;lQ
m . $= c;xsf] cGt ug{sf nflu lji0fsf zLaf6 k}bf ePsf] k?if . ~ o4 gf) wf]sfk"0f{
o4 5nk"j{s ulPsf] n8fOF OGb|hfnk"0f{ o4 . ~ nfUbf] lj) dfof nfUg] vfnsf] dfofn . d
fofn lj) [dfof cfn] dfof kf]lvg] (kfq) k|d ] L k|l] dsf . ~ Hofg gf) Ps hLpsf] k|]dL
lbn]L lk|o . dfofjfb gf) [;+)] a|XdnfO{ ;To c j:tnfO{ c;To dfGg] k"jL{o bz{gsf] Ps
l;4fGt c}tjfb . > dfofjfbL lj) dfofjfbsf] cgofoL j]bfGtL c}tjfbL . dfofljgL lj) [;
5nsk6 ug]{ dfofjL (:qL) . dfofjL lj) [;+)] != dfofsf kdf xg] jf xg] dfof;DaGwL . @=
7"nf] sk6L jf wf]s]afh . #= cjf:tljs e|fds . $= OGb|hfnL hfbuL . %= rt w"t{ . gf)
^= kdfTdf . dflos lj) [;+)] != dfofff ag]sf] jf ePsf] dfof;DaGwL . @= cjf:tljs eP klg
jf:tljsh:t} b]lvg] hfbuLsf 5fF6sf] . #= dfofjL . dfoL lj) [;+)] != dfof ug]{ jf df
of b]vfpg] dfofjL . gf) @= hfbu r6sL . df! gf) [;+) df0f] != dfg]{ sfd xTof jw . @
ft rf]6 k|xf . #= xKsL vKsL . $= kof{Kttf cflwSo . %= sfdsf] eL8 jf r6ff] (dffdf) .
) [;+)] != sfdb]j . @= ljif lav . #= afwf ljg . dfs lj) [;+)] != xTof ug]{ dfg]{ ljg
tf{ . gf) @= sg} 3fts f]u dxfdfL . #= sfdb]j . $= afh rf] . ~ bzf gf) hGds08nLsf] l
;Ktd ci6d :yfgsf :jfdLsf] bzf ePsf] cj:yf dfs]zbzf . dfsf6 gf) [df sf6] != Psn] csf
dfg]{ sf6\g] sfd sf6df sf6fdf . @= eo\ssf] emu8f jf o4 . dflsg gf) [c\) g}gsLg
|sfsf] l5kjf hgfgf wf]tL . @= v}f]v}f] ;]tf] sf] Ps hftsf] afSnf] ;"tL sk8f . dfs]z
) [;+)] nUgs08nLdf ltLo, ;Ktd ci6d :yfgsf :jfdL u|x . ~ bzf gf) dfsbzf . df\uL gf
L e]slt pd|g], hf] t]ndf xfNbf t]n} ftf] xg] Ps a6L . df0f gf) [;+)] != dfg]{ jf Ho
fg lng] sfd xTof jw ljgfz . @= zqnfO{ ljgfz ug{ k|of]u ulg] hfb6gfsf] k|of]u . #=
wft cflbnfO{ e:d kfg]{ sfd .

dfu{dfn gf) lgh ljfg\ff ;xof]uL k|m8 ] ls P\uN ] ;sf] ;fxro{df cf}krfls kn] k|ltkfl
Llts, cfly{s, ;fdflhs Pj+ bfz{lgs l;4fGt x]un ] sf] GfTds l;4fGt km]jfssf] ef}ltsjfb
L l;4fGtsf] ;lDd>0fsf ;fy} lghn] :jo+ cfgf dtx;d]t ;dflji6 uL k|ltkfbg u]sf], fHoJoj:
yfdf >dsf] oyf]lrt kmn ldNgk5{ kh F Ljfb tyf ;fdGtjfbnfO{ ;\3if{ff kN6fP j}1flgs ;
dfhjfb :yflkt ugk { 5{ eGg] ljrf ePsf] ;f]xL l;4fGt . jfbL lj) != dfS;{jfbl;t ;Da
lGwt dfS;{jfbsf] . @= dfS;{jfbsf] l;4fGtsf ;dy{s jf cgofoL . jfbL ;dfnf]rgf gf) h
Ljg hut\sf ;DaGwdf dfS;{ff k|ltkflbt l;4fGt jf dfGotfcg;f ;flxTosf] ljj]rgf ug]{ k
4lt . dfu{ gf) [;+)] != cfpg]hfg] af6f] ;8s ky . @= ;Dk|bfo wd{ . #= sg} pkfo olQm
. $= tlsf sfObf 9\u rfn . $= d\l; dlxgf dfu{zLif{ . $= d[ulzf gfdsf] gIfq . bz{s
fO{ af6f] b]vfpg] dfu{ k|bz{s kyk|bz{s . bz{g gf) kyk|bz{g af6f] b]vfpg] sfd g]t[T
] sfo{ . ~ lgb]z { g gf) af6f] b]vfpg] sfd kyk|bz{g . ~ Ifs lj) ;8ssf] ]vb]v ug]{ af6
df kfnf]kxf a:g] . ~ ]vf gf) vf; sfo{ jf k|lqmofnfO{ 7Ls af6fdf n}hfg] lgb]{zs aFb
f . dfu{zLif{ gf) [;+)] k"0f{ rGb|df d[ulzf gIfqdf kbf{ xg] dlxgf d\l; dlxgf . dfu{:
y lj) [;+)] dfu{sf] dfu{;DaGwL . ~ ladf gf) :yndfu{af6 cfoftlgof{t ubf{ ulg] j:tsf]
ladf . dfuL{ gf) [;+)] != dfu{df lxF8\g] ofqL a6jf klys . @= sg} wfld{s cflb dfu{
jf ;Dk|bfodf ;+nUg (h:tf] af}4dfuL{, jfddfuL{ O)) . #= dfu{l;t ;DalGwt dfu{sf] . d
fr{ gf) [c)] != emG8} kmfug cfwfcfwLb]lv r}t cfwfcfwL;Dd kg]{, u|]uf]L kfqf]cg;fs
f] PstL;lbg] t];|f] dlxgf . @= ;}lgs 6f]nLsf] k|:yfg safh . dfh{s lj) [;+)] dfh{g
ug]{ dfg] wf]OkvfnL ug]{ . dfh{g gf) [;+)] != dfemdem, wf]OkvfnL, gxfOwjfO cflbff
}nf], kmf]x bf]if x6fP lgd{n tNofpg] sfd . @= cfk"mdfly hn 5s]{ ulg] zl4 . #= bf]i
f, ql6 cflbsf] klisf . > dfh{gL gf) a9fsF9f ug]{ ;fwg srf] jf emf8 . dfh{gLo lj)
ug{ plrt jf cfjZos dfgkg]{ . dfhf{ gf) [;+)] lafnf] . dflh{t lj) [;+)] dfh{g ulPsf]
emPsf] :jR5 kflPsf] . dflh{g gf) [c\)] != n]Vbf jf 5fKbf afofFkl 5fl8g] efu vfnL lsgf
. @= d"Nolgwf{0f ubf{ :kmLltnfO{ ;d]t Wofgdf fvL s6fOg] c+z . dft{08 gf) [;+)] != ;
"o{ efg . @= ;gfdSvL . #= cfFssf]
1012

v . dftf]n { gf) k]r s:bf jf vf]Nbf k|of]u ulg] Ps xltof k]rs; 3g xyf}8f . dfb{l \
) [;+)] d[b\u ahfpg] d[b\luof . dfkm{t gf) of]) [c) dfkmt] s;}sf dfWodaf6 ff tkm{a
. dfkmf{ gf) != 6fDsf]eGbf 7"nf] bdfxfeGbf ;fgf] Pp6} uhfn] ahfOg] Ps tfnafhf . @
= 6sr ] ahf hf]d;f]dsf aLrdf kg]{ Ps a:tLsf] gfd . dfa{n! gf) [c\)] Ps k|sfsf] s8f
6Nsg] ;]tf] jf \uLg 9\uf] l;\udd{ ;\udd{ . dfa{n@ gf) Ps hftsf] zfnL wfg . dfld{
] != dd{;DaGwL dd{sf] . @= dd{nfO{ 5g] x[bonfO{ k|efljt kfg]{ dd{:kzL{ . #= dd{ ag
] jf dd{sf] ljrf ug]{ dd{1 . tf gf) dfld{s xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . dff{ gf) [df\ f]
flkg] jf h"jf cflb v]ndf lhTg]n] u8\s] eGg] zAb dff . df;{n lj) [c\)] != n8fOFsf lgld
Q pkof]uL o4f]kof]uL . @= kmf}hL h\uL . gf) #= kmf}hL sdfG8 . $= ;+;b\sf] dof{bfkfn
s . ~ n gf) kmf}hL sfgg h\uL sfgg h\uL lgod jf Joj:yf . df;L{ gf) Ps hftsf] c;n wfg
jf To;sf] rfdn . dfn! gf) [;+) dfnf] ufO{uf]?, 5]kff] cflbsf 3fF6Ldf emlG8g] 5fnf
unsDan . dfn@ gf) lvOP jf l3l:;P 7fpF7fpFdf vfN6fvN6L k]sf jf kftnf] ePsf snkhf{df
kl5af6 ylkg] wftsf] ;fog . dfn# gf) [c)] != Jofjxfls hLjgdf pkof]u xg] tyf lsga]
r ulg] sg} klg k|fs[lts jf dfgjLo >dff pTkflbt j:t rLhaLh lhG;L ;fdfg lhlg; . @= wg
lQ . #= hUufhldgsf] ltf] txl;n ug]{ cy{ dGqfnocGtu{tsf] Ps cf dfnkf]t sfof{no dfncf
= db]; tfO{ . %= ufFhf . ~ sfug gf) nfDrf kft xg], d~hLsf cfsfsf ;fgf k"mn kmNg],
s]fphqf kx]Fnf bfgf kmNg] nxf] jf To;}sf] kmn . sf]z gf) ;\uLtzf:qcg;f Cife k~rd
gxg], ufGwf, w}jt lgiffb sf]dn xg], zf:qcg;f ftsf] rf}yf] k|x ljz]if uL lzlz C
Og] cf}8jhfltsf] Ps fu . uf8L gf) dfn;fdfg cf];fk;f ug]{ ]nuf8L . uhf gf) dfnu
fpg] hldGbf . uhfL gf) hldGbfn] ;sfnfO{ ltg]{ hldgsf] ltf] e"lds hUufs . ~ uf
f dfn;fdfg fVg] 3 jf 7fpF ]n, hxfh, eG;f cflbsf] uf]bfd . rL gf) sofs? qmf}~r

1013

dfntfdfnf]kdf k\lQm l;nl;nf (kj{tdfnf, u|Gydfnf cflb) . #= ;d"x ;dRro . > dfnfsf gf)
!= dfnL . lj) @= dfnfsf cfsfsf] . bLks gf) ;flxTozf:qsf cg;f klxn] elgPsf sf kl5kl5
qmdzM pTsif{sf sf0f xFb} hfg] bLks cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . dfnfdfn lj) [dfn dfn] != k|foM c
s:dft\ ePsf] wgL wgwfGon] klk"0f{ ;fx|} wgL ;DkGg . lqm) lj) @= k|z:t wg;DklQ sdfP jf
dfn hf]] . dflns gf) [c)] != dfn jf ;DklQsf] :jfdL jf clwsfL dfnwgL wgL . @= klt v;
]Ug] . #= O{Zj O{z clwklt . $= cGgbftf . dflnsf gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] vfnsf] dfnf . @= k
lQm nx . #= s07xf . $= Ps k|sfsf] rd]nLk"mn . %= b]jL eujtL . dflnSgL gf) [dflns gL]
dflnssL kTgL . @= :qL dflns . dflnSofO gf) [dflnsofOF] dflns x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf df
lnssf] clwsf :jfldTj :jfldtf k|e'Tj k|e'tf . dfln
\uf] gf) n]sdf x'g] cf}n F feGbf s
"nf] uf]nfO ePsf], d]r, s;L{, dfGb|f, esfL cflb a'Gg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] alnof] vfns
f] lgufnf] . dflngL gf) [;+)] != b'O{ gu0f, Ps du0f b'O{ ou0f ldnL aGg] ;ftcf7 cI
fdf olt x'g], kGw| cIfsf] r0f ePsf] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . @= rDkfguLsf] gfd . #= :ju{
\uf .
$= b'uf{ . %= dfnL hftsL :qL dfnLsL kTgL . dflnGo gf) [;+)] != dlng x'gfsf] efj j
f l:ylt dlngtf d}nf]kg . @= b'Mv si6 . #= sflndf . dfln; gf) [kmf)] zLdf t]n, cf}ifwL
cflb dNg] jf 3:g] sfd db{g t]nfL . dfnL! lj) [;+)] != dfnf nufpg] dfnf klxg] . gf) @=
au}Frf;DaGwL sfd u] jf k"mn a]r] hLljsf rnfpg] hflt jf JolQm dfnfsf . #= afujfg au}Fr
. dfnL@ gf) [dfn]O{] != dfGohgsf hLpdf 3:g], lrNnf] xflng] sf7sf] efF8f] kf}f] . @=
emfn]dfn] ufO{ . dfn'd lj) [c) dcn'd] != yfxf ePsf] 1ft ljlbt . @= k|s6 :ki6 . dfn]
! lj) [;+) dfNdL] dfnfsf a'f ePsf] 6f6]kf
\u]| l5la] emfn]dfn] (ax jf uf]?) . dfn]
bE;sf] fhwfgL . dfn]# gf) dfS;{jfbLn]lggjfbLsf] ;\lIfKt k g]kfnsf] Pp6f jfdkGyL kf6L{
. dfnf]kdf gf) [;+)] ;flxTodf Ps pkd]onfO{ cg]s pkdfgff j0f{g ulg] tyf k|To]s pkdfgs
f] leGgfleGg} wd{ xg] pkdf cn\sfsf] Ps e]b .

kIfL . ~ hfr gf) cfoft ulPsf dfn;fdfgxsf] ;DalGwt clwsfL jf eG;f cflbff ulg] hfFr
gf) efn] kf]yL c
\u leGgfleGg} k"mndf x'g], xfFuf, kft embf{ ;]tf] rf]k lg:sg], lx
dfnL e]sdf x'g] Ps v . dfntfn gf) [c) dfn (l))] dfnxsf] ;d"x dfndQf . dfntL gf) [;+)]
!= b'O{bO{ kft hf]lPsf] nfDrf kft xg], nfDr} emKkf eP ;ulGwt ;]tf k"mn kmNg] P
s nxf] jf To;}sf] k"mn . @= Ps gu0f, bO{ hu0f Ps u0fsf] of]uaf6 aGg] (hutLsf] e]b
) Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . #= hfqL jf hfOkmnsf] j[If . ~ kmn gf) hfOkmn . dfnbx gf) [kf]t
{) <] != eftsf] klZrd a\ufnsf] c;n hftsf] cfFk xg] Ps :yfg . @= ;f]xL 7fpFaf6 k|l
;4 xFb} uPsf] pQd vfnsf] sndL cfFk . dfnbfDnf] gf) [dfn bfDnf]] bfOF ubf{ ;a} uf]?
nfO{ ldofsf] Pp6} km]f]df afFWgsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] bfDnf] jf gff . dfnbf gf) [c) dfn
kmf) bf] != wgjfg\ wgL dxfhg . lj) @= nsg { ePsf] (v;L, af]sf cflb) . #= eg]h:tf] s
fObfdflkmssf] . dfnlbE;dfnLk gf) != lxGbdxf;fudf x]sf] 6fkb]z . @= ;fs{ b]zxdWo] ;a}
Gbf ;fgf] b]z . dfnwgL gf) [dfn wgL] dfnsf] :jfdL xsbf dflns . dfng]6f gf) != ;Nofg l
Nnfsf] Ps k|l;4 ahfsf] gfd . @= cbjfsf nflu k|l;4 ;f]xL 7fpF . dfnkjf gf) ulnof
] kbfy{ d;nfx xfnL l3pdf ksfOPsf], uxFsf] y]Krf] af6nf] cfsfsf] f]6Lljz]if . dfnk
f]t gf) [dfn kf]t] ;sfdf aemfOg] hUuf hldgsf] ltf] e"lds dfnuhfL . ~ ldgfxf gf)
] 56 . dfnaf; gf) [dfnafF;] Ps hftsf] afF; . dfne"ld gf) [;+)] != kxf8 jf kj{tsf] k
m]bLsf] hldg a]F;L . @= 6f ;Dd hUuf . dfnef]u gf) [dfnef]u] != c;n hftsf] s]f . @= Ps
hftsf] uf9f kx]Fnf] wfg jf To;sf] rfdn . dfndb]; gf) [dfndb];] v]tv]t} ePsf] db];
. (pbf) xf] xf] abf, dfndb];sf] ;x Nofpm bfOFuLt) . dfnl;/L gf) [;+) dfn;L] x]) dfn
>L . dfn>L gf) [;+) dfn;L] != ;
\uLtzf:qsf cg';f ;fo
\sfndf ufOg] flugLsf] Ps k|sf . @=
;f]xL fudf lrPsf] uLt dfnl;L . #= b;}Fdf laxfga]n'sL ufOg] b'uf{b]jLsf] :t'lt ePsf]
uLt . dfn;fdfg gf) [dfn;fdfg] dfndQf dfntfn ;;fdfg . dfnf gf) [;+)] != k"mn, b"af] cf
b Pp6} ;"qdf pg] nfpg jf r9fpg tof kflg] j:t' ;'j0f{ jf rfFbLsf] ;"qdf hf]8 ] dl0fdfl
0fSo cflb h8L agfOPsf] xf . @= nx tfFtL

dfNsfdfx'/ dfNsf gf) [;+) dflns] rvf{sf] rSsf ;'Of]df lkmQfsf kdf nufOg] df]6f] wfuf
] . dfN6f! gf) [c
\)] e"dWo;fu/sf] Pp6f 6fk', ftf] u'lnof] ; x'g] df];dsf hfltsf] To:
t} kmn tyf To;}sf] af]6 . dfN6f@ gf) kf6g lhNnfsf] b'u{d ;'Gb a:tL . { dfNo gf) [;+
)] != dfnf xf . @= k"mn . > dfNofk{0f >4fk"js sg} ;DdfGo k'?if, k|ltdf cflbdf dfnf r
9fpg] sfd . dfjn gf) [k|f) dfpn < ;+) dft[sn ] dfdfsf] 3 cfdfsf] dfOtL dfjnL . dfjnL
gf) [dfjnO{] != dfdf dfdfsf j+z . @= dfdfsf] 3 dfjn . ~ bfh' gf) dfdfsf] cfk"meGbf h
]7f] 5f]f] . ~ afh] gf) cfdfsf] afa' . ~ efO gf) dfdfsf] cfk"meGbf sfG5f] . dfifk0f
L{ gf) [;+)] jgdf; . df;\g ;) lqm) [;+) d[if\ g] != vr{ ug{ Joo ug{ ;dfKt kfg{ l
g . @= 7"nf] dfn laufL ;fgf] dfn agfpg (h:tf] kmfnL df;L s?jfl;of]) . #= ;6xL ug{
ehfpg ;f6\g . $= bf; agfpg sdff] tNofpg . %= lgd"{n kfg{ gfz ug{ dfg{ . df;!
gf) [;+)] dlxgf d}Gxf . df;@ gf) [;+) dfif] af6nf lsl;dsf eml;nf kft xg], kx]Fn
f k"mn kmNg] nfdfnfdf sf];f kmNg] Ps nxf] jf To;}sf sf];fleqsf bfn vfOg] sfnf u]
8f . u]8L gf) != df;sf] gblnPsf] l;\uf] u]8f . @= ;f]xL u]8fh:tf], cIfsf bflxgftkm{
lbOg] ;fgf] yf]Knf] cIf lrgfpg] zAb gfsfyf]KnL . ~ 5g{ hfg 6) dg{ . df;tdf; gf)
df; tdfd] ;]|:tfdf dlxgfesf] sfd jf ljj0f dlxgfsf] cGt . df; d;  f] gf) [df; d;f]
kmnfxfdf gcfpg] tyf at{ a:bf vfg gxg] bnxg cGg . @= df; d;f] . df; nxL gf) [;+) d
; nxf] O{] nfDrf kft xg], ;fgf xlof k"mn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] eO{Femf . df;f! gf) [kmf)
zf, ;+) dfif] cf7 QLsf] tf}n jf kldf0f . df;f@ gf) [df; cf] df;sf] dlxg] (h:tf] rf}df;
afx|df;f) . df;fGt gf) [;+)] df;sf] clGtd lbg d;fGt . dfl;g c) lqm) [df;\ O g] != vr{
xg ;lsg . @= gi6 xg . #= sd xg 36\g . $= hfltRot xg (P]lt)) . s) lqm) %
= vr{ ulg gfl;g . dfl;s lj) [;+)] != df;;Fu ;DalGwt df;sf] dlxgfsf] . @= k|To]s dlx
gfdf xg] k|ltdf; xg] . #= dlxgfdf Ps k6s lg:sg] jf k|sflzt xg] (kqklqsf cflb)
. gf) $= dlxgfjfL
1014

tna . %= d]sf] jif{ lbg;Dd jf avL{ gkmsGh]n k|ltdf; d[Toltlydf ulg] >f4 . ^= :qLxs
f] dfl;s wd{ h:jnf . ~ sf gf) != dlxg}lkR5] ;fpFdf olt sL xb F } hfg] eGg] af]nL k]s
] sfuh jf td;s . @= ;f]cg;f dlxgfjfL sL xb F } hfg] C0f jf d"n wg dlxgfjfL sL . ~
d{ gf) :qLxsf] dlxg}lkR5] xg] h;|fj h:jnf g5g] . ~ kq gf) dlxgfdlxgfdf k|sflzt xg
q . ~ klqsf gf) dlxgfdf Ps k6s k|sflzt xg] klqsf . ~ zNs gf) dlxgf dlxgfdf nfUg]
b:t kmL . df;L gf) != gnLxf8leq xg] lunf] kbfy{ dHhf . @= cfpF cfd . #= vaL ;fdYo
. df; gf) [;+) df+;] != k|f0fLsf zLdf xg] xf8, g;f 5fnfb]lv leGg Qm j0f{sf] gd kb
y{ df+; . @= kmnsf af]qmf sf]ofsf aLrdf xg] kbfy{ . #= kf];fsdf l;pgLleq xg] hu]8f
sk8fsf] efu . df:s]jfL gf) [;+) df; kf]t) { sfjf] ;|: ] tfk|0ffnLcg;f dlxgfel ulPsf
dsf] ;\lIfKt kmfF6jfL . df:6 gf) [c\)] != lzIfs cWofks u? . @= ;hLsfsf] dfgaf]ws
#= ;\uLt, jfB cflbsf ljz]if1 . > df:6L gf) df:6n] ug]{ sfd df:6sf] k];f jf sfd k9fp
jf l;sfpg] Ond . dfl:t lqm) lj) [dfly lt] dflyNnf] efudf pFef]lt dflylt . dfxfTDo g
] != dlxdf u0ffgjfb u0fufg avfg . @= sg} Oi6 b]j jf lbJo lje"ltsf dxjsf] j0f{g . #
= dlxdf, u0f cflbsf] j0f{g ulPsf] u|Gy . $= uf}j dxj . dfxff gf) k|]dL k|]ldsfsf]
ug]{ 7fpF ldng:yn . dflxnL lqm) [dflxnf] O{] != lbbLalxgLxdf hGdsf qmdn] bf];|L h]7L
;flxFnLsf aLrsL dfOnL . @= dflxnfsL (:qL) . #= qmd jf cfsfdf klxnL jf 7"nLeGbf kl5
sL bf];L | . dflxnf] lj) [k|f) dflHemNn] != bfhefOxdf hGdsf qmdn] bf];|f] dfOnf] .
@= dflxnLsf] (nf]Ug]) . #= bf];|f] :t jf >]0fLsf] (h:tf] dflxnf] ;g) . ~ 8f]sf] gf
) 3fF;kft ubf{ af]lsg] demf}nf vfnsf] 8f]sf] . ~ e6df; gf) st} ;]tf] tyf st} s}nf
] u]8f xg] Ps hftsf] e6df; . dfxt ] gf) [;+) dxfdfq] xfQL xfFSg] dflg; xfQLjfg df
pt] lkmnjfg . dfx! gf) [;+) dwks{] ljjfxdf bnxf tyf bnxLn] k:kdf vjfpg] lrgL, l3
p dx ld;fO{ tof kflPsf] kbfy{ dwks{ . dfx@ gf) ljjfxdf kl08t jf kf]lxtn] jjw"nf
Og] cfzLjf{bkq .

1015

dfx/ldl8n lzi6frf . @= afgLa]xf] zLn:jefj afgL zLn . > ldhfl;nf]ldhf;L lj) fd|f]
ldhf; ePsf] . ldemf gf) != ;fsL{nfO{ lzi6tfk"j{s ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb ldhf .
@= ufpFsf] Ps k|sfsf] dlvof tfnsbfeGbf tNnf] bhf{sf] ltf] p7fpg] JolQm ldemf] . > l
emfL gf) ldemfn] ug]{ sfd ldemfsf] kb ldhfL . ldemf] gf) ldemf ldhf] . ld6 gf)
leqkl s6s ] f] jf yyfPsf] df; fvL aflx d}bfsf] cfj0fn] 9fs] agfOPsf] ksf}8Lsf 5
8Nnf] vfg]sf] . ~ d;nf gf) df;sf klsfdf xfNg tof ulPsf] ljz]if k|sfsf] kmsf] d;nf
6 gf) [c\)] != lahnL, kfgL cflbsf] ult tyf kldf0f gfKg] ]s8{ ug]{ oGq . @= df]6 (6
), 6]Dkf], df]6;fOsn cflbsf] ef8f cfFSg] oGq . #= d]l6s k|0ffnLcg;f lj:tf jf ndfO g
fKg] gfkf] . ldL gf) [dL] df6f] dL . ld7f lj) [dL7f]sf] lt) )] x]) dL7f] . ~ rkt gf
xn] jf lhl:sP xNsf tjn] lbOPsf] rk]6f jf nk6f] . ~ kfgL gf) kmnk"mnsf] ;af6 tof kflPs
] 7G8f k]o Ps k|sfsf] ;a{t . ld7fO{ gf) [dL7f] cfO] ulnof] jf dL7f] :jfbsf] f]6Lljz]i
f xnjfO{ f]6L ldi6fGg . ld7f; gf) [dL7f] cf;] dL7f]kg ulnof]kg dwtf dfwo{ . ld7
[ld7f; P] :jfb] lhaNs] ld7f}] dL7f]dL7f] vfg dg kfpg] . ldl7g c) lqm) [dL7f] O g]
7f] vfg]sf vfPsf] b]v] dv ;fpg . @= dL7f] nfUg] xg . ld7f} ] lj) [dL7f] cf}] ] d
vfg ?rfpg] :jfb] ld7f;] . dL7 gf) [dL7f] pm] :g]xn] af]nfOg] Ps gfd . ld7] lj) [dL7f]
] dL7f] xg] dL7f] . ~ kmfk gf) ulnof] :jfb xg] Ps hftsf] kmfk . ld7f] lj) [k|f) ld
< ;+) ldi6] != dx, lrgL cflbsf] :jfbh:tf] ulnof] dw . @= :jflbnf] :jflbi7 . #= dg
kg]{ lk|o . $= fd|f] nfUg] dfOnf] . gf) %= ulnof] :jfb . ^= dgkbf]{ :jfb . &= :jflb
i7 vfg]sf] . ~ ld7f] gf) != ;fdfGo k|sfsf] vfg]sf] . @= gdL7f] afx]ssf] vfgf . ld7fO
[ ldl7 ( ofO)] ldl7g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ld7fOg s) lqm) dL7f] j:t vfP dv dL7f
] kflg . ld7fpg ;) lqm) != dL7f] j:t vfP jf rfv] dv dL7f] kfg{ . @= cn] vfPsf] b
v] jf cfk"mn] vfg kfpg] cfzfdf dL7f] vfg] sfsf] cgej ug{ dL7f] :jfb ;Dem] lhe|f] v]
nfpg . ldl8n lj) [c\)] dfWolds (xfn lgDg dfWolds cy{df

dfx# gf) [;+) dxfj0f{] ;wjf :qLxn] xft, uf]8f gdf nufpg], nfxfsf k"mnaf6 tof kflPs
kbfy{ gvfu dfp . dfxL gf) [;+) dws] k"mnsf kfu ; r;] dx tof kfg]{, rf kv]6
pL df}L . ~ 3 gf) dx lemSg ;lhnf] kg]{ uL j}1flgs 9\uaf6 tof ulPsf], dfxL a:g] 3
j) [dfx P] dfx cyf{t\ dwks{;DaGwL . ~ yfn gf) ljjfxdf bnxf bnxLn] dfx vjfpg flv
] yfn . dfx]Gb|L gf) [;+)] != dx]Gb| cyf{t\ OGb|sf] zlQm . @= k"j{ lbzf . #= ufO{
. $= OGb|f0fL . dfx]Zj lj) [;+)] != lzjsf] k"hf ug]{ z}j . @= dx]Zj;DaGwL dx]Zjsf] .
~ ;"q gf) dx]Zjaf6 kfl0flgn] k|fKt u]sf cOp0f\ cflb rf}w ;"q . > dfx]ZjL gf) != buf{
. @= ;Ktdft[sfdWo] Ps . lj) #= dx]Zj;DaGwL . ldS:r gf) [c\)] cf}ifwfnodf ljljw f;fol
s kbfy{sf] of]uff tof kflPsf] emf]lnnf] cf}ifwL . ldr\g ;) lqm) [;+) db{g g] != zL
n] w]} lyr] tyf bn] df8\g dNg bfAg . @= lyrf]ldrf] ug{ bdg ug{ bafpg . #= a]cb
ug{ g6]g{ gdfGg . $= ;fFw;Ldfsf] pNn\3g jf cltqmd0f ug{ luhf]Ng . > ldrdfr gf) w
dfwd ldRg] lyRg] sfd lsrsfr . ldrfO gf) ldRg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ldrfOg s) lq
m) ldRg nfOg ldrfOdf kflg . ldrfpg k|) ] lqm) ldRg nfpg ldrfOdf kfg{ . ldrfg gf)
ldRg] sfd ldrfO . ldrfldr gf) != wdfwd jf k:kdf ldRg] jf k]Ng] sfd k]nfk]n 7]nf7]n .
@= sfdsfhsf] 3rff] w]} ldrf] . ldrfxf lj) != csf{nfO{ ldRg] jf bafpg] :jefj ePsf] .
@= eg]sf] sf g6]g{] x]kfxf c6]L . #= k]nfxf 7]nfxf . $= rngrfFhf]sf] cltqmd0f ug]{ .
dlrg s) lqm) ldRg] sfd ulg dlng dfl8g . ldrf] gf) != sfdsf] r6ff] jf rfkfrfk sfd
af]em sfdsf] eL8 . @= 3OFrf] x"nd"n . ldrf gf) [du)] sfG5f] 5f]f] . vfg gf) lesf]{
] fhf e"kfn fosf sfG5f 5f]f chol;+xsf] :yfgLo k|rlnt gfd . ldlR5g c) lqm) != kfxgfk
f5f, s]6fs]6L cflb;Fu lemlhg . @= nufkmf6f, uuxgf cflbsf] nuftf k|of]uaf6 ems{g
. > ldR5fO gf) ldlR5g] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . ldR5fOg s) lqm) ldlR5g] kflg . ldR5f
g k|]) lqm) ldlR5g nfpg ldlR5g] kfg{ . ldhfo;L lj) [ ldhf;L] x]) ldhfl;nf]ldhf;L .
ldhf/ gf)x]) ldemf/ . > ldhf/] gf) ldemf] . ldhf; gf) [c) ldhfh] != fd|f] af]nLjrg
di6 Jojxf

ldl8ofldd k|rlnt) . ~ :sn gf) lgDg dfWolds ljBfno . ldl8of gf) [c\)] dfWod (;~rf If]
qsf) . ld8L gf) [c\)] lk8f}n F f;Dd dfq kUg], 3]fbf kms]sf] km] ePsf], sDdk]6L hf]l
Psf] nDafOd} rf]nL;d]t hl8Psf], s]6Lxn] nfpg] sk8f . ldt! gf) [;+) ldq] sg} bO{ Jo
lQmsf aLrdf ljz]if cf}krfls ljlwcg;f kf:kls aGwefj ufFl;Psf] lxt}ifL ;fyL ldq . ldt
@ lj) [;+)] != yf]} l7Ss clnslt . @= ;Ldfa4 ;Lldt klldt . #= gflkPsf] gfk lnOPsf] .
f]f] gf) dLtsf] 5f]f] . ldtaxfL gf) != dLtsL axfL ldt]gLaxfL . @= ldltgLsL axf
xfL . ldtaf]nfO gf) dLt nfpg] jfrf jf af]nL . ldtefliftf gf) ldtefifL xgfsf] efj
. ldtefifL lj) sd af]Ng] cNkefifL . ldtnufO gf) ljz]if ljlwcg;f dLt nfpg] sfd . ldt
Joo gf) [;+)] cfjZos sfddf dfqf kofP ulg] vr{ sd vr{ lskmfot kmf? kmff] arfp . >
f gf) ldtJooL xgfsf] efj cfjZos sfddf dfq vr{ ug]{ sfd . ldtJooL lj) sd vr{ ug]{ rf
lxg]eGbf a9L vr{ gug]{ lskmfotL sdvrL{ . ldtf gf) [dLt cf] != ldq dLt . @= ;tfsf] cfb
L zAb . ldtfy{ gf) [;+)] 5f]6f] rflxFbf] cy{ ;Lldt cy{ . > ldtfy{s lj) ldtfy{ ePsf]
. ldtfxf gf) [;+)] != klldt tyf yf]} ef]hg :jNkfxf . lj) @= ldtfxfL . > ldtfxfL l
tyf yf]} ef]hg ug]{ :jNkfxfL . ldlt gf) [;+)] != lbg tf]Sgfsf nflu n]lvg] jf Jojxf u
lg] cjlw jf ;do (;fn, dlxgf, ut], jf cflb) tflv . @= ;dosf] ;Ldf jf xb Dofb cfo (h:t
] ldlt kUg, ldlt kofpg cflb) . #= kldf0f dfg . ~ 5fk gf) ;fn, dlxgf, ut] cflb ePs
f] 5fk . ~ kofpg 6) xb kofpg . ldltgL gf) [dLt OgL] != cfOdfO{n] dLt nufOPsL cfOd
fO{ :qLdLt ldt]gL . @= cfOdfO{sL cfOdfO{ ;fyL ;FlugL . #= dLtsL kTgL . $= kTgLn] dL
t nufPsL ;vL . ~ axfL gf) ldltgLsf] axfL axf/LsL ldltgL . ldltaGb gf) [ldlt aGb] :o
xf ;|: ] tf cflbdf n]Vgkg]{ a]xf]f n]lv;s]kl5 cflvdf ldlt n]vL ulg] ;dflKt jf 6U \
ofO . ldlt ]vf gf) [;+)] ;dfrfkq cflbdf ldlt hgfpg] k\lQm (8]6nfOg) . ldt gf) x]) l
dtf . ldt]gL gf) x]) ldltgL .
1016

ldt]LldTofL gf) [dLt PLofL] dLtsf] efj ldqtf  gf) clgsf] fhdfu{df d}qL bf]:tL
fLglhs} kg]{, g]kfnrLg l;dfgfdf x]sf] k|l;4 kn . ~ ;fOg gf) ldqtfsf] ;DaGw dLt nufP
ePsf] ;fOg . ldq gf) [;+)] != ;fyL ;vf ;FuL bf}FtL ;FuftL . @= ;"o{ cflbTo . #= ;xo
L zelrGts . tf gf) != ldqsf] efj d}qL bf]:tL ldt]L . @= ldqsf] efj, wd{ jf cj:yf .
b|fx ] gf) ldqnfO{ 3[0ff ug]{ sfd . ~ b|fx ] L lj) ldqb|fx ] ug]{ . ~ efj gf) ldqt
fsf] efj ldt]L . ~ e]b gf) ldqtfsf] 56fO . ~ fi6 gf) d}qL ;DaGw x]sf] b]z ;xof]uL
;lDdt lj) ldqn] h:tf] ldqafa . ldlynf gf) [;+)] ljb]x b]zsf] fhwfgLsf] gfd hgsk .
g gf) [;+)] != :qLk?ifsf] hf]8L bDktL hf]O{kf]O . @= afx| flzdWo] t];|f] flz . #= ;d
fud d}yg ;xjf; . ufO{ gf) h\unL ufO{ . ldYof lj) [;+)] c;To 9fF6 e"m6f] e"m6 e
Yofrf gf) cglrt cfr0f 5nk"0f{ Jojxf unt rfn . ldYofrfL lj) ldYofrf ug]{ . ~ 1fg
0f{1fg e|flGt . ~ b[li6 gf) != gfl:tstf . @= dtljf]w . ldYofkjfb gf) e"m6f] cff]k ldY
fleof]u . ~ efifL lj) e"m6f] af]Ng] c;TojfbL . ldYofleof]u gf) ldYofkjfb . jfbL lj)
e"m6f] af]Ng] c;TojfbL 9F6j  f. ldg6 gf) x]) ldg]6 . ldgf gf) [kmf) dLgf] ;g, rfFb
L cflbsf uxgfdf af eg]{ Ps k|sfsf] . sfL gf) ldgf eg]{ sfd . ldgf gf) [c) dLgf
cfsfdf ag]sf] pRr Odft wxf . ldgfxf lj) [c) ldgxf] != dfkm ulPsf] jf 5f]l8Psf] 56
36fOPsf] sd ulPsf] . gf) #= c;npk ugk { g]{ sdsf] 56 To:tf] 56 lbg] sfd . ~ df]hf
f) cfoJoosf] lx;fadf s]xL sd gku jf 36La9L ePdf s]xL dfkmL lbg] s]xL sf ug]{ sfd
. ldlg:6 gf) [c\)] dGqL cdfTo . > ldlg:6L gf) != dGqLsf] sfd jf kb . @= dlGqd08n dlG
fb\ . ldgL lj) [c\)] ;fgf] 5f]6f] xf]rf] . ~ a; gf) ;fgf] cfsfsf] a; uf8L . ~ :s6{ g
:jf:gLdflg;xn] nufpg] 5f]6f] ndfO ePsf] Ps kf];fs . ~ dfs]6 { gf) ;fgf] ahf . ldg]
6 gf) [c\) ldlg6] ;f7L ;]s]G8sf] ;dofjlw Ps 306fsf] ;f7L efusf] Ps efu ldg6 . ldGhfl
nsf gf) cfah]{df vr{sf] sd jf ;f] vr{ ePsf] uf]:jff af]nL . ldG6 gf) [c\)] l;Ssf agfp
g] 7fpF 6s;f 6szfnf . ldd gf) [c\) d]8d] != ;Eo Zj]t :qL dLd . @= tf;sf]

1017

ldldofFldlng jf ldnfk xg ldqtf xg . ldn gf) [c\) dfOn] t]n jf ljBtz \ lQmsf ;x
fotfn] cGg cflb lkFWg] oGq sfvfgf 3 . ldnhn gf) [ldn\ h6] cfkm;sf] cfTdLotf tyf ;xo
]u d]nhf]n ldqtf d]nldnfk ldn]dtf] . ldng gf) [;+)] != ;lDdlnt jf ;Ddv xg] sfd e]6
of]u dnfsft . @= ;Dks{df cfpg] sfd e]nf a6nf] . #= ld>0f ldnfO . $= dsflanf ;fdgf
. zLn lj) ;a};u F d]nhf]n fVg] ldng;f . ~ ;dff]x gf) ljz]if u] ljBfnoxdf kfgf
{x e]nf eO{ dgf]~hgsf ;fy dgfOg] ;dff]x jf e]63f6sf] dfOnf] sfo{qmd . ;f lj) ldnhn
]{ k|s[ltsf] ;a};Fu d]n fVg] ldngzLn . ;fL gf) ldng;f xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ldnfO
[ ldn\ ( cfO)] ldNg] jf ldnfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] ldnfOg s) lqm) ldNg] kflg . ld
nfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != bFhfpg bfFHg . @= 7Ls7fs kfg{ Joj:yf ug{ . #= ldNg] k
fg{ jf ufpg . ldnfg gf) [ldn\ cfg] != d]n ldnfk . @= ld>0f ld;fO . #= tngf bFhfO l
pg] sfd ?h . ldnfk gf) [;+) ldnfkg] != d]n ;+of]u e]6 . @= ldqtf cfTdLotf . #= d}qL
;DaGw lxdlrd . ldnfkq gf) sg} d2fsf jfbL tyf k|ltjfbL bjn } ] k:k ldnL emu8f 5f]8]
df cfO{ n]lvg] ;Demf}tfsf] sfuh . ldnfj6 gf) [ldn\ cfj6] != ldnfpg] sfd ldnfg . @= fd
|fgfd|f cg]s yf]s jf j:tsf] ld>0f uL laufg]{ sfd (h:tf] a];fdf 96f], l3pdf lrpLsf]
t]n cflb) ckld>0f 5f;ld;]kg . #= ldnfOg] j:t s; . ldlns gf) [c) d") ldlns\ c] != la
L rDsFbfsf] j]u lemlds . @= Ps} l5g lgd]if kns . rnf]dfly agfOg] kmNofssf] 6fF8 .
~ edf lqm) lj) != knsedf Ps} l5gdf . @= ;fx|} l56f];Fu rfn} gkfO{ . ~ ldlns lqm) lj)
56l56f] lahnL rDsg] jf Hof]lt kmfNg] uL . > ldlnSs lqm) lj) != Ps} l5g jf If0fe df
q b]vf kg]{ uL PSsfl; emlNsP, b]vf k] t?Gt} xfpg] uL lemldSs . @= cfFvf lemDd kf
f) wgLdfly bfpf ;sfpgsf lgldQ agfOg] 6fF8 . ldln6L lj) [c\)] sYo) ldN6L . != ;}lgs
uL kmf}hL . gf) @= ;]gf kmf}hL . ldlnt lj) [;+)] != Ps 7fpFdf flvPsf] jf cfPsf] hf]l8
Psf] ;+oQm . @= ldn]sf] ldl>t . #= p:t} j:t csf]{df blaFbf xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . ~ b[
li6 gf) ;dfg b[li6 s]lGb|t b[li6 . ldlng c) lqm) [ldn\ O g] ldNg] xf]Og .

afx|fF} kmL ld;L . ~ kf];fs gf) of]kn ] L :qLxn] nufpg] vf; k|sfsf] kf];fs 6fFs eP
Anfph k|ms hf]] agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] hgfgf kf];fs . ~ nxL gf) afSnf xlof kft xg],
aLrdf 6ksf cfsfsf] k"mnsf] emKkf xg] Ps nxf] jf To;sf] k"mn . ldldof gf) [kmf) df]
ldofO{] zLdf rf]6k6s nfu]df ;]jg ulg] Ps cf}ifwL . ldof! gf) != wfgsf] gfy|L . @= rfd
ndf ldl;g] slgsfh:tf] e'; . ldof@ gf) [kmf)] d';ndfgsf] cfbjfrL zAb . ldof] gf) [;+)
d]lw] != bfO{F ug{ vnfsf aLrdf alnof] uL ufl8g] nfdf] vDaf . @= 3 jf kljfsf] d"nL .
#= ;
\3 ;+:yfsf] k|dv  JolQm . ld gf) [kmf) dL/] != ;bf . @= k|wfg dVo JolQm . ld/
p gf) sfof{lwsfL k?ifxsf cujf dVo ;}lgssf] Ps kb . ld/uL gf)x]) lduL{ . ldhfa gf)
vL . ldldRr] lj) [c) d")] 5ltf] kftnf] Vofp6] . ldld lqm) lj) [c) d") ld\ c (l))]
f pHofnf] v:gv:g vf]Hg] uL clncln pHofnf]sf ;fydf ldld eses . gf) @= To:tf] pHofnf
xg] laxfgLkvsf] ;do lem;ld; . > ldld] lj) ldld ePsf] yf]y } f]} (pHofnf]) ese
ld/ dG;L gf) klxn]klxn] kfi6ljefusf] sfd ug]{ dVo clwsfL . ld/ ;Aaf gf) ;AafeGbf
dfly ;bfeGbf dlgsf] Ps pRr lghfdtL bhf{ . ldu{ gf) [;+) d[u] xl0f d[u . > lduf{O{ g
d[uh:tf] b]lvg] Ps yL ufO{ gLnufO{ . lduf{;g gf) ;GWofjGbg cflb kljq sfo{df k|of]u
ulg] d[usf 5fnfsf] cf;g d[uf;g . lduL{ gf) [;+) d[uL] 5f]f]u . lduf}{nf] gf) [;+) d]?
]nf] utaf6 vfa tjx cnu u] lk;fasf kdf aflx lgsfNg] zLleq d]?b08sf bfofFafofF xg
. ldwf{ lj) [kmf) dLhf] != axfb gfos . gf) @= gfOs] xfQL . ldn\g gf) [ldn g] != s
O{ j:t jf JolQm Ps} 7fpF e]nf xg Pslqt xg . @= hf]l8g ufFl;g 6fFl;g . #= e]
6 xg e]l6g . $= k|fKt xg kfpg . %= afa xg ;dfg xg . ^= 7Ls xg . &= 5f;ld;
xg ufleg ldl;g . *= jaw"sf] lrGxfl6Kkgcg;f u|xult cgsn xg . (= d]n

ldlnGbldl;gL ldlnGb gf) [;+)] edf] e|d dwdSvL . ldlnl;of gf) [c\)] != ;\s6sfnLg l
h\uL ;]jfdf nufOg], gfulsxdWo]af6} ;\u7g ulPsf] jf cNk ;dodf k|lzlIft ePsf] ;]gf . @=
lhNnflhNnfdf ;Iffsf nflu t}gfy, To:tf] kmf}hL tflndk|fKt ;]gf . ldnLhnL lqm) lj
) [ldnhn O{] cfk;df ldnhn uL d]nhf]n fv] ldnf]dtf] uL . ldnLeut gf) k|foM sg} :jf
f{ jf gfd|f] sfddf ldn]dtf] uL jf ;fem]bfL eO{ nfUg] l:ylt, sfd jf k|jl[ Q u7aGwg u7h
f]8 . ldn]dtf] gf) [ldn P dt cf]] != k:k ldn]sf] jf ldnfPsf] dtf] cfk;L d]n sfsfgL
sg} uKt sfsf] kfdz{ dtf]htf] if8\oGq . ldNsg c) lqm) [k|f) ldNnO g] != sg} j:t
To;} cnkq xg kmflng ofFlsg . @= xlQg xl{g . #= TofUg] sfd xg 5f]l8g . > ld
O gf) ldNsg] tyf ldNsfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ldNsfOwNsfO gf) 5k:6 tfnn] ldNsfpg],
kf]Vg] jf ofFSg] lqmofk|lqmof . ldNsfpg ;) lqm) != cfkmNg ofFSg kmfNg . @= 5f]8\g
 TofUg . #= xofpg xof{pg . $= cnkq kfg{ . ldlNsg c) lqm) [ldlnSs g] != ldlnS
g{ . @= To;L lahnL rlDsg . #= ldNsg . > ldNSofO gf) ldlNsg] lqmof jf k|lqmof .
ldNSofOg s) lqm) ldlNsg] kflg . ldNSofpg k|) ] lqm) ldlnSs kfg{ . ldNSofx6 lj)
ldlNsg] l:ylt, efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . ldNSofxf lj) ldlNsg] vfnsf] ldlnSs b]vf kg]{
. ldNSofxL lj) ldlNsg] ldlnSs b]vf kg]{ (:qL) . ldNs] lj) kNofskns  kNofskns  x]
lxg] rnan] lemNs] . ldNtL gf) [ldn\ tL] != d]nsf] efj ldng ldnfk . @= ;b\efjgf . #
L Pstf . ldNbf] lj) [ldn\ bf]] != ldNg] lsl;dsf] ;xfpFbf] . @= 7Ls dgfl;a pkoQm cg
. hNbf] lj) != k:kdf ldNg] vfnsf] ldNbf] . @= Ps}gf;sf] emG8} p:t} . :qL) ldNbLhNb
. ld> lj) [;+)] != bO{ jf w]} kbfy{ Ps} 7fpF ldnfOPsf] 3f]lnPsf] ldl>t . @= ;fy nf
u]sf] ;+oQm . #= axljw cg]s k|sfsf] . gf) $= a|fXd0fju{sf] Ps y . > ld>0f gf) ljleG
g kbfy{ ld;fpg] sfd ld;fj6 ldnfj6 3f]n . ld>0fLo lj) ld>0fof]Uo ld;fpg xg] jf ;lsg]
. ~ jfSo gf) c\ujfSo dVo jfSo ldn] ag]sf] jfSosf] Ps k|sf, h:tf] hxfF kmn kfS5 (c\
So) ToxfF rL gfR5 (dVo jfSo) . ldl>t lj) [;+)] != ld;fOPsf] 3f]lnPsf] ;+oQ  m . @=
ldnfj6
1018

ePsf] (kbfy{) . ~ cy{ Joj:yf gf) ;fj{hlgs tyf lghL bj} If]qsf] ldl>t kh F Laf6
;~rflnt sfvfgf, ldn, ;+:yfg cflbsf] cy{Joj:yf . ~ k gf) bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L wftx ld
nfOPsf] cj:yf . ~ f]k0f gf) Ps} 7fpFdf ljleGg lsl;dsf af]6la?jf cflb nufOg] ljlw .
~ jg gf) hfthftsf vkft cflb ld>t ePsf] jf 5f;ld; kdf pd|s ] f] jg . ldi6 lj) [;+)] !
= dL7f] :jflbi7 . @= ulnof] . #= dw . ~ efifL lj) dL7f] af]Ng] dw jrg ug]{ dwefi
. > ldi6fGg gf) dL7f] cGg jf ksjfg cyf{t\ ld7fO{ ulnof] f]6L cflb vfg]sf] . ld;\g
lqm) [ld> g] bO{ jf bO{eGbf w]} sf, j:t cflb Ps 7fpFdf ldnfpg Psq ug{ hf]8\g .
d;! gf) [c\)] != sdfL sGGof . @= ljBfnosL lzlIfsf . #= uNtL r"s e"n . ld;@ gf) [ld;
ld;fpg] sfd ld;fO (h:tf] 5f;ld; ld;df;) . @= lem;sf] k"s zAb (h:tf] lem;ld;) . ld;g
f) [c\)] != sg} ;+:yf jf ;sfsf tkm{af6 ljz]if p2]Zosf] k|flKt jf ;]jfsfo{sf lglDt dx
k"0f{ sfsfgL u] gofF ;DaGw :yflkt ug{nfO{ csf]{ b]z jf :yfgdf v6fO{ k7fOg] k|ltlglwd
08n . @= ljz]iftM ;\ul7t kdf O;fO{ wd{sf] k|rfdf ;+nUg x]sf] ;+:yf . > ld;gL gf) != n
]s;]jfsf efjgfn] csf]{ b]z jf :yfgdf uP a:g] JolQm;d"x . @= sg} ld;gsf] ;b:osf] kdf
wd{kr | f ug{ ljleGg b]zdf hfg] O;fO{ kfbL . ld;df; gf) [ld; (l))] gfgf j:tsf] ld;
fj6 5f;ld; ld:s6 . ld;fO gf) [ ld;\ ( cfO)] != ld:g]ldl;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ld
fp cfO] @= ld;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ld;fOg s) lqm) ldnfOg ;f]a ulg ;+
m kflg . ld;fOn gf) [c\)] If]Kof:q . ld;fpg ;) lqm) != ld:g ldnfpg] sfd ug{ Psq k
g{ ;f]a ug{ 5f;ld; ug{ . @= ;xjf; ufpg . #= ;+oQm kfg{ hf]8g \ . ld;fvt gf) [
f)] ljjfx jf of}g ;DaGwsf ljifodf :qLhfltn] cg}lts sfo{ u]sf] cleof]udf nfUg] vt
. ld;fj6 gf) [ld;\ cfj6] ld>0f ld;f}6 ldnfj6 . > ld;fj6L lj) ld;fj6 ulPsf] ld;fj6 ePs
dnfj6L . ld;fxf lj) [ld;fp cfxf] != ldl;Psf] jf ld;fPsf] 5f;ld; ePsf] . @= ld;fpg] v
fnsf] . ldl;gL gf) [c\) ld; gL] k|;j ufpg] :qLf]usf] ;fdfGo pkrf ug]{ g;{ jf To;eGbf
lyNnf] txsf] sfd

1019

ldl;gds6  dL8 gf) [;+)] Ps ;af6 csf]{ :jsf] cfjfh lgsfNg] tlsf ]6 ] jf kbf{df
leGg :jsf] cfjfh lgsfNg] lqmof . dLg gf) [;+)] != dT:o df5f] . @= afx|f}F flzsf] gfd
. ~ krf; gf) != d\l;sf] PSsfO; ut]b]lv df3sf] b; ut];Dd krf; lbgsf] hf8fsf] ofd .
@= lzIf0f;+:yfgxdf k|foM ;f]xL ofddf lbOg] labf lxpFb] labf . d]v gf) != vf]6 nufpg
] sfd . @= cfgfsfgL gfOFgfl:t . dLd gf)x]) ldd . dLdf+;s lj) [;+)] dLdf+;f ug]{ dLdf
+;fzf:qsf] 1ftf jf kl08t . dLdf+;g gf) [;+)] dLdf+;f ug]{ sfd jf efj . dLdf+;f gf)
[;+)] != eftLo 5j6f dVo bz{gzf:qdWo] d"ntM k"j{ dLdf+;f pQ dLdf+;f bO{ efudf af
Fl8Psf] Ps bz{g . @= cgdfg ts{ljts{ff sg} ljifosf d"n tj jf jf:tljstfsf] kQf] nufpg
] sfd ;f] ;Gbe{df ulg] uDeL dgg jf ljrf tjlg0f{o ljj]rgf . sf gf) dLdf+;f;"qsf k
ldlg Clif . d"ns lj) dLdf+;fsf] k|wfgtf x]sf] dLdf+;fsf b[li6n] x]lg] jf cWoog ulg]
> dLdf+l;t lj) dLdf+;f ulPsf] jf ePsf] . dLdf+:o lj) dLdf+;f ug{ of]Uo jf plrt . d
L gf) x]) ld/ . dLn gf) dfOn . dLng gf) [;+)] aGb ug]{ sfd lrDnfO (cfFvf) vlDrg] sfd
DrfO (k"mn cflb) . > dLlnt lj) != aGb ulPsf] lrlDnPsf] . @= vlDrPsf] ;\slrt . du F
L gf)x]) duL . dcQn lj) [c)] != nfu]sf cleof]usf] lsgff gnfuGh]n kb jf sfdaf6 x6
fOPsf] (sd{rfL) lgnlDat . @= vfnL . > dcQnL gf) dcQn xg] sfd lgnDag . dcfAhf gf)
[c)] sg} j:tsf] abnfdf lbOg] gub jf j:t Ifltk"lt{ xhf{gf ;f6f] . dsbdf gf) [c) ds
2df] emu8f d2f snx dfldnf . ds gf) [kmf) ds{] lgZro lgwf] 6u \ f] 7]sfg dS
lgZro ulPsf] 6\uf] nufOPsf] . @= v6fOPsf] lgoQm . dsfanfdsflanf gf) [c) dsflan]
= 86\g] sfd ;fdgf . @= d7e]8 Go4 n8fOF le8Gt . #= ljf]w k|ltf]w . $= sg} ljifod
JolSt jf j:tsf aLrdf xg] afaLsf] efjgf bfFhf] tngf . dsfd gf) [c)] != e|d0f ubf{
af6fdf kg]{ af; c:yfoL a;fO . @= lj>fd la;fOF . ds6 gf) [c)] != b]jtf jf fhfn] k}x
g | ] >]i7tf;"rs

ug]{ :qL . ldl;g c) lqm) [ld;\ O g] != w]} yL j:t Psq jf 5f;ld; xg ld;fOdf kg{ .
= ;+oQm xg hf]lg . s) lqm) #= Ps} 7fpFdf kflg ld:g] sfd ulg . ldl;n gf) [c)] Ps
fy gTyL ePsf jf flvPsf ljifosf sfafO{, d2fdfldnf, ljjfb cflbl;t ;DalGwt sfuhkq .
~ sfuhft gf) cfvfgfsf :ofxf;| ] : tf cGo sfuhkqx . ~ kmf6 gf) l5g'jf jf sfo{jfxL 6'
Psf k'fgf ldl;nx fVg], yGSofpg] Ps cf . ld;L gf) [kmf)] bfFt dfg jf rDsfpgsf nflu nuf
g] j:t' bfFtsf] zf]efsf nflu bfFtsf hf]gL{df nufOg] sfnf] kfln; laL . ld;f]6 gf) [ld
;\cf]6] ld;f}6 ld;fj6 . ld;f}6 gf) [ld;\cf}6] != ldl;Psf] j:t' ld;f]6 . @= ld:g]ld;fp
g] sfd ld;fO ld;fj6 . > ld;f}6L lj) != ld;f}6 ePsf] ld;fj6L . @= sk6 ulPsf] sk6L . ld
f}6 ] lj) != ld;f}6 ePsf] ld;fOPsf] . @= ld;fpg] . ld:s6 lj) [c
\) ldS;8] ld;fj6 ulPsf
] ld;fj6L ld;f}6] . ld:6 gf) [c
\)] >Lo't dxfzo (gfdsf cufl8 k|o'Qm x'g], h:t} ld:6
ld:6 fdhL cflb) . ld:qL gf) [kf]t) { d]:6]] sf7kft,
\uf]ug, wft', oGq cflbsf] sfd u
jf dd{t ug]{ sdL{ sflu, sflnu8 . ld;| gf) [c) ld;  k'f]lxt, ;fb[Zo ;+) ld>] fhwfgL
ePsf], pQk"jL{ clk|msfsf] Ps b]z OlhK6 b]zsf] k'fgf] gfd . > ld;|L! lj) ld;| b]zsf]
, ld;| b]zdf hGd]sf] ld;| b]z;DaGwL . ld;|L gf) lrgLnfO{ kfgLdf ksfP hdfO{ l9sf kflP
sf] u'lnof] j:t' . ~ cfk gf) ld;|Lh:tf] u'lnof] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] pQd cfFk . ~ sf9f gf)
sfNkmL ld;|LnfO{ kfgLdf a];L ksfP tfutsf lglDt lafdL jf j|tfn'xnfO{ vfg lbOg] k]o k
bfy{ . ld;|]nL lj) [ld;|PnL] ld;|L ld;| b]zsf] . ldlxg! gf) gbLsf aLrsf] kfgL 3'Dg]
efu . ldlxg@ lj) [;+) d;[0f] != dl;g' ldxLF ldxL . @= w"nf] d}bf . #= ;"Id . $= sdnf
] sf]dn gd (:j, sfd cflb) . ldlx gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ . @= afbn d]3 . #= rGb|df . $= xf
fo' . %= a"9f] dflg; . ldxLldxL lj) [ldlxg] ldlxg dl;gf] . dL7f lj) x]) ld7f . dL7" g
) x]) ld7' . dL7] lj) x]) ld7] . dL7f] lj) x]) ld7f] .

d'sG ' bd'v lzf]e"if0f >Lk]r lzk]r d's6 tfh . @= lzvf . #= ' f utsf] ;~rfng ug]{ g
zv . ~ wdgL gf) d'6d d'sG ' b gf) [;+)] != lji0f' jf s[i0fsf] gfd . @= Ps cd"No kTy
. #= Ps k|sfsf] 9f]n . $= sa]sf gf} lglwdWo] Ps . ~ ;]g gf) ljqmdsf] c7ff}F ztfAbLsf]
rf}yf] r0flt kfNkfk|bz ] df fHo ug]{ Ps k|l;4 ;]gj+zL fhf . d's ' gf) [;+)] != P]gf
k{0f . @= k"mnsf] sf]lknf . #= sdfn]sf] rqm 3'dfpg] nL . $= Ps j[Ifljz]if . d's'lg c
) lqm) [k|f) dSs?8 O g] != ps;ds; xg 7];d7]; xg . @= ;fgf] efF8fdf w]} cGg ksf
f vfFlbP kfSg g;Sg . #= clg . $= ;\sL0f{ xg . %= c;Xo xg . dsf] lj) x]) as
ds  ofO gf) [dsl ( cfO)] != dslg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ds ofp cfO] @= dsofp
k|lqmof . [ > ] dsofOg k|]) lqm) != ;sLg;sL w]} vfg . @= ;fgf] efF8f]df vfFlbg]
uL w]} cGg ksfpg . #= ps;ds; kfg{ . dsofx6 gf) dslg] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k
f . dsn  gf) [;+)] != k"mnsf] sf]lknf dgf . @= sf]lknfh:t} sg} rLh . #= zL . $= c
fTdf hLj . > dsl  nt lj) != sf]lknf nfu]sf] 6;fPsf] . @= s]xL kmqm]sf] jf kmn]s
f] . dSsf gf) [;+) dli6sf] s;}nfO{ xfGg afFlwPsf] d7L d8s \ L dSsL 3:;f 9:;f .
~ afhL gf) dSsfn] lxsf{pg] sfd To:tf] emu8f jf s:tL lk6flk6 . ~ dSsL gf) Ps csf{df
dSsfn] xfGg] sfd dSsfafhL . > dlSsg c) lqm) dSsf vfg 3:;f vfg . dSsL gf) d
Ssf d8\sL . dSs]afh lj) [dSsf afh] dSsfsf] k|of]u u] n8\g] (aS;) . > dSs]afhL g
f dSsfn] xfGg] k|lqmof jf To;L v]lng] k|ltof]lutfTds v]n . dSsf]lkf gf) Pp6} e]6g
\ d  f hf]l8Psf ;+oQ  m kft xg,] 6Kkfdf SofK;n cfsfsf yk|} ;;fgf k"mn kmN
g] Ps nxf] . dSSofO gf) [ dSSofp ( cfO)] dSSofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dSSofO
g s) lqm) dSsfn] lxsf{Og . dSSofpg ;) lqm) [dSsf ofp g] dSsfn] xfGg 3:;L lbg
l8DSofpg 9:ofpg . dQm lj) [;+)] != :jtGq ulPsf] kmSsf 5f]l8Psf] aGwgdf gkflPsf]
nf . @= klToQm TofluPsf] . #= df]If k|fKt u]sf] . ~ Onfsf gf) :jtGq If]q . dQms gf)
[;+)] != k"jL{o sfJozf:qcg;f ;df;lxt uB . @= syf;"qdf cfa4 gePsf], x[bosf efjnfO{
k|ltlalDat ug]{ k|efjsfL lgk]If :jtGq sljtf . ~ sfJo gf) dQms sljtf 6qm] sljtf .
dQm s07 lj) [;+)] vnf x[bon] af]Ng] jf k|z+;f ug]{
1020

lgM;\sf]r . dQm If0f gf) [;+)] :jtGqtfk"js { lgw{Ss eP latfOPsf] If0f . dQm 5Gb gf
) [;+)] != dfqf, cgk|f;, r0f cflbsf] aGwg gdflgg] s]jn uTofTds nonfO{ Wofgdf fv] n
]lvg] sljtf (ANof\se;{) . @= a85Gb . dQm kljt{g gf) [;+)] Wjlg cy{eb ] s geO{sg :jtG
q kdf kljlt{t xg] efiffj}1flgs k|lqmof . dQm jfl0fHodQm Jofkf gf) [;+)] ljb]zaf6 c
fgf] b]zdf cfpg] dfndf afws s gnufOg] gLlt sg} b]zsf ;fy ljz]if s gnfUg] JofkfgLlt d
k|sfsf] JofkfgLlt (k|mL 68 ] ) vNnf a]kf . dQm x:t lj) [;+)] 7"nf] xft ePsf] km
gsf] pbf bfgL . dQm x[bo lj) [;+)] pbf dg ePsf] ;kmf x[bo ePsf] . dQmf gf) [;+)] !
f]tL . @= j]Zof . dQmfIf gf) [;+)] cGTodf cfpg] jf cfPsf] cIf . dQmfTdf lj) [;+)]
df]If k|fKt u]sf] cf;lQmlxt hLjgdQm . dQmfkmn gf) [;+)] df]tL . dQmfjnL gf) [;+)]
f]tLsf] dfnf jf xf . dlQm gf) [;+)] != 56sff, pGdf]rg :jtGqtf . @= df]If afafsf] h
d0faf6 cfTdfsf] df]rg . #= Tofu klTofu . $= p4f . If]q gf) != g]kfn clwfHosf] wjnfl
~rncGtu{t d:tf lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 tLy{If]q . @= jff0f;L sfzL . gfy gf) dlQmIf]q
df x]sf b]jtf . ~ zNs gf) s}bdQm ePafkt ;sfnfO{ aemfpg] sd . ~ ;\u|fd gf) dlQmsf
ldQ ulPsf] ;\3if{ dlQm;\3if{ . ~ ;\3if{ gf) dlQm;\u|fd . dv gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLx
g] tyf af]Ng] cjoj . @= r]xf cgxf cfgg dxf . #= ytgf] rRrf] . $= sg} j:tsf] c
df]x8f . %= dxfg pb\ud:yfg lbzf . ^= 9f]sf f . &= cfDe ;? yfngL . *= k|:tfjgf . (
o k|wfg k|dv  . !) gf6sdf kfFr ;lGwdWo] Ps . !!= j]b >lt . uxf gf) dvleqsf] vf]q
mf] efu . ~ hdfg gf) kSsf jrg k|lt1f . ~ hdfgL gf) dvhdfg . tf]8 lj) km]l s]xL af]N
g;Sg] uL lbOPsf] (hjfkm) dvelsf] . ~ b]vfpgL gf) dv b]vfpFbf jf ljz]if e]63f6sf c
j;df lbOg] k:sf . Lk gf) ;db5 | p ] gbL v:g] 7fpFdf gbLn] NofPsf] df6f] hDdf eP a
f] ;dtn hldg . gnL gf) af]Nbf jf ahfpFbf dvdf xflng] gnL lklkf] . k6 gf) 3D6f] 3
L . kltt lj) cfkm}n F ] cfgf] ckfw :jLsf ug]{ . kq gf) wfld{s, fhgLlts, ;fdflhs c
+:yfsf] lghL p2]Zosf] k"lt{sf

1021

dvla/dVofO af]nLdf) . @= ufO{a:tsf] ytgf] vsnf] kf] afFWg] 8f]L (;fwf0f af]nrfn
f) . dvfn] lj) [dv cfn]] dof{bf gfvL af]Ng] dv nfUg] rf]yfn] ytg] bd{vf . dlv
f) [dlvof gL] != dlvof bhf{jfnsL kTgL dvg ] L. @= Iflqo cflb hftsf :qLnfO{ cfbk"j
{s ulg] ;Daf]wg . #= cfkm}F dVo eP sfdsf ug]{ :qL gfOlsgL gfOs]gL . dlvGhLdlvGh]
lj) [dv OGhLOGh]n] cl3lNt ;fddf dvG ] hL . dlvof gf) [;+) dVo] != lghfdtL jf cGo
;]jftkm{sf] fhkqcg\lst t[tLo >]0fLsf] Ps bhf{ jf kb . @= ufpFsf] tfnsbf jf 7fn .
#= 5]qLnfO{ ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] ;Ddfg;"rs zAb . $= dfemL jf ;gjf hfltsf] Ps
y . dvL lj) [;+)] != dv ePsf] jf u]sf] . @= dv kms]{sf] jf kmsf{Psf] . dvg ] L
gf) [dlvof PgL] dlvgL . dvG ] hL lqm) lj) [dv PGhL] dvg } ] dvsf] glhs ;fdGg]
3lNt cufl8 ;fddf b[li6df dlvGh]n dlvGhL . dvf}6f] gf) [dv cf}6f]] != dv 9fSg]
@= dvG8f] . dlVtof gf) [c)] != f0ffsfndf dVo dGqL jf k|wfgdGqLsf] pQflwsfL rLkm
fx]a . @= clwsfk|fKt k|ltlglw jf jf]; . gfdf gf) dlVtof agfOPsf] sfuh jf n]v . > d
lVtofL gf) dlVtofLsf] sfd jf kb . dVo lj) [;+)] != ceGbf 7"nf] jf dxjk"0f{ k|wfg
@= ljz]if vf; . #= ju{ jf ;dfhsf] h]7f] k|dv (JolQm) . $= cujf g]tf . ~ clwsfL gf)
sfof{no cflbsf] clwsfk|fKt k|dv kbflwsfL d"n xflsd . ~ cfoQm gf) ljz]if p2]Zosf l
gldQ ul7t sg} cfof]usf] k|wfg clwsfL . ~ rf}tlof gf) f0ffzf;gsf] ;?df fhfff fhkl
bfdWo] pRr rf}tlof kbdf lgoQm ulPsf] JolQm rf}tlofxdf k|dv . tM lqm) lj) ljz]if
uL k|wfgtM . ~ lgoGq0f sIf gf) ]l8of]af6 ;~rflnt sfo{qmdx lgoGq0f ug]{ PsfO . ~ Gofof
wLz gf) clwfHosf c~rn jf If]qLo cbfntxdf xg] k|dv  Gofoflwklt . ~ dGqL gf) ;\3fTds z
;gk4lt ePsf d n  s df s] G b| L o dlGqd08nafx] s fHosf dlGqd08nsf] k|dv dGqL .
~ jfSo gf) ldl>t jfSodf cfkm}Fdf cy{k"0f{ ePsf], csf]{ jfSof+zdf cfl>t gePsf] jf
Sof+z . ~ ;lrj gf) ljefuLo ;lrjxeGbf dflyNnf] txsf] ;lrj rLkm ;]qm6L . > dVofno gf)
c~rn jf lhNnf:tLo dVo sfof{no . dVofO gf) [ dVofp ( cfO)] dVofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [ > ] dVofOg s) lqm) vfOg .

nflu k|sflzt ulPsf] ;fdlos klqsf hg{n . kfq gf) n]vs jf ;|i6fsf] j}rfl/stf JoQm ug]
{ kfq . k[i7 gf) k:ts, klqsf cflbsf] cfj0fsf] klxnf] k[i7 cfj0f . aGw gf) sg} u|
sf] k|:tfjgf e"ldsf . dvla gf) [c) dlVa/] != ckfw ug]{ JolQmsf lj?4 uKt kdf va lbg
JolQm hf;; . @= ;sfL ;fIfL . > dvlaL gf) dvla/sf] sfd jf kb . dv d08n gf) [;+)]
gxf r]xf dxf cfgg . dvd"No gf) [;+)] != j:tsf] pTkfbgdf cfwflt gx]sf] d"No . @
L df]n dvsf] df]ntf]n . dv lj) [;+)] != dv nfUg] dvfn] rf]yfn] ytg] . @= jfrfn
jfSk6 . #= cfjfh lbg] aHg] WjggzLn cggfbL . $= cleJo~hs ;"rs . %= cZnLn af]Ng] 5f8
f . ^= pkxf; ug]{ xF;Ldhfs ug]{ . > dvlt lj) != fd|L af]Ng], aHg] jf Wjlg lgsfNg] .
@= zAb jf Wjlgn] oQm cggflbt . dv ljj gf) [;+)] sngf;f] cf]7sf aLrsf] dvleqsf]
vfnL efu xfa|f] vfb|f] vfKrf] . dv zl4 gf) [;+)] != dv ;kmf ug]{ jf wg] sfd dvfL
. @= vfgfkl5 kfg;kfL cflb vfP dvnfO{ ;ulGwt tNofpg] sfd . dv>L gf) [;+)] dvsf
] ;f}Gbo{ lk|o dvdbf| r]xfsf] k|;Ggtf . dv;lGw gf) [;+)] k~r;lGwdWo] aLh cfDesf]
of]uaf6 cg]s ; cy{nfO{ cleJol~ht ug]{, aLh pTkGg ePsf] efu k~r;lGwdWo] klxnf] ;lGw
. dv;flat lj) [dv ;flat] ckfw ePsf] eP klg geP klg dvn] :jLsf ug]{ dvkltt . dv;f
j) [dv ;f] jf];n] em}F cl3 ;L af]Ng] sfd . > dv;fL lj) csf{sf] dfdnfdf cl3 ;L af]Ng
; eO{ cl3 ;g]{ jf af]Ng] nfk|m] . dvfs[lt gf) [;+)] != dvsf] cfs[lt jf cfsf dv r]x
. @= sg} uf]nf] j:t jf dfemdf 6f]8s \ f] ePsf] j:tsf] cufl8kl b]lvg] efu . dvf
u| lj) [;+)] s07 cfpg] s07 ePsf] s07:y s07fu| . dvfk]IfL lj) [;+)] csf{sf] dv tfSg]
cdf cjnlDat kfl>t csf edf kg]{ . dvfdv [dv cf dv] != k|foM pTs07f, cfZro{ cflbsf
k:kdf sg} sf jf x:osf] ;\st ] ug{sf nflu Pscsf{df xg] dvsf] x]fx] . @= bO{
j}dg:on] xg] egfeg k:ksf] afemf] . lqm) lj) #= Ps csf{sf] ;fdGg] cfdGg];fdGg] .
> dvfdvL lqm) lj) dvs} clulNt dv]GhL dvfdv . dvfL gf) [dv cfL] != dv wg] s
flof lzi6

dVofpgdhSs dVofpg ;) lqm) [dv ofp g] dvdf xfNg ef]hg ug{ vfg . dVo]nL gf)
lvof PnL] dlvofsf] bhf{ jf sfd tfnsbfL . dun gf) [c)] ljqmdsf] ;f]xf}F ztfAbLdf ef
df zf;g ug]{ tftfb]zlgjf;L Ps d;ndfg hflt . dunfg gf) [dun cfg] != dunsfnLg eft ef
f]unfg . @= ljb]z . > dunflgof lj) d'unfg;DaGwL d'unfgsf] df]unflgofF . d'unfg] lj)
d'unflgofF . d'uf gf) [k|f) d'Uuf ;+) d'Stf] != Gofgf] ;d'bd | f xg] Ps k|sfsf] sLf d
"uf . @= To;} sLfn] tof kf]sf], uxgf cflbdf hl8g] cf}ifwLdf pkof]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf]
] Tg . #= g]kfnsf] sf];L c~rncGtu{t wgs6f lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps ufpF . ~ l9:sf] gf) ;d'b|
df d'ufsf] xf8vf] hDdf eP ag]sf] l9:sf] (sf]n lkm) . ~ e:d gf) c;n cf}ifwL agfOg] d'u
fsf] e:d jf vfgL . > d'ufnL gf) != d'uf nufpg] . @= d'ufdf a:g] d'ufsf] afl;Gbf . d
'luof gf) [d'ufOof] l5kfOff tof x'g] Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . ~ l56 gf) xlof], e'O{Fdf ft
f] e'O{Fdf xlof] yf]Kn] a'f x'g], kxfl8of dlxnfxdf lgs} k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] sk8f . d'u
L gf) [;+) d'bu \ ] df;sf h:tf kft x'g,] kx]n F f k"mn k'mNg] nfdfnfdf sf];fleq d
l;gf bfgf x'g] Ps cGg d'
d'u F L. d'u ' gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfn clwfHosf] s0ff{nL c~rncGt
u{t kg]{ Ps lhNnf . d'uf}tf] gf) [d'ufcf}tf]] d'uf kTysf] dfnfdf ;fgf] s}F8f] e'mG8f
O{ 3fF6Ldf nufOg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf . d'Ubn gf) [d'bu \ bn] d'uLsf] kL7f]af6 agfOPsf]
n8\8' df]tLr' . d'Uw lj) [;+)] != df]xdf k]sf] dSv df]lxt . @= xf];xjf; u'd ePsf] d
{t . #= d"9 d"v{ c1fgL h8 . $= ;n ;Lwf;fwf ;f]emf] . %= k|0fof]GdQ . ^= e"n ug]{ e"n
k]sf] . ~ a'l4 lj) != d"v{ h8 d"9 d'Uwdlt . @= ;Lwf;fwf ;f]emf] . > d'Uwf gf) != sln
of}jgsL nHhfn' lsl;dsL gflosf . @= sdfL o'jtL . d'uL | gf) Ps k|sfsf] df5f] . d'
]
)x]) d'
u \ ]| . ~ s]/f gf) d'
\u|]s]/f . ~ sf]bf] gf) d'
u \ |] sf]bf] . d'
u \ L | gf
d'
u \ f | ] O{] ;fgf] d'
\u|f] . ~ df] gf) d'
u \ L | sf] df jf r'6fO ;fkmL r'6fO . d
| lj) [d'
u \ f | ] P] != d'
u \ f |h ] :tf] d'
u \ f |s ] f 5fF6sf] 7"nf] . gf) @= d'
u
f | ] rnfpg] dflg; . ~ s]f gf) 7"n7"nf df]6f sf];f x'g] Ps hftsf] l7Ss} vfnsf] s]f
. ~ sf]bf] gf) af]6 cln ;fgf] eO{ afnf 7f8f] x'g] Ps hftsf] sf]bf] jf
1022

To;}sf] af]6 . d'
\u|]nf] gf) Hjfg'sf 5fF6sf sfnf u]8f x'g] Ps k|sfsf] hLf] sfnf] hLf]
nf}FhL . d'
\u|f] gf) [;+) d'b\u] != n'uf w'b F f lk6\g] jf sLnf cflb 7f]Sg] sf7sf]
xft] ;fwg . @= 5f8f ufO{e}F;Lsf 3fF6Ldf cl3lNtsf v'f 7f]lsP sb\g gx'g] uL afFWg] sf7s
f] 8G8L . #= Ps vfnsf] k'fgf] xltof d'b\u . d'
n \ ] L gf) [;+) d
\unPL] ljjfx cfl
d
\unuLt ufpg] cfOdfO{ . d'
l \ ; gf) [ d
\l;] d
\l; dfu{ . > d'
l \ ;] gf) d
\l;d
s nf]suLt d
\l;] flzuLt . d'rs'Gbd'rs ' G ' b gf) [;+)] != dfGwftfsf k'q k|frLg Ps tk
fhf . @= 7"n7"nf v;|f kft x'g], e'm; ePsf kx]Fnf 7"n7"nf k"mn k'mNg] nfDrf v}f km
n kmNg] Ps j[Ifljz]if ;f]xL j[Ifsf] k"mn . d'rd ' r ' ' gf) [c) d") d'r \ p (l))] !
= rfd|f] j:t' (r'Oud cflb) sf] rkfOsf] rfn jf Wjlg . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] j:t' rkf
Oxg] uL . d'r'Nsf gf) [t') d'r'Ns] ;hldg x'Fbf s;}n] sg} sfdsfafO{ ePafkt cfk"mn] hfg
;'g]sf] aofg n]lvlbPsf] sfuh ;hldgsf dflg;xn] n]lvlbPsf] aofgsf] sfuh . d'rf] gf) [;
+) d':t] != d'7f] e'mKkf] . @= ;fFrf]sf] k"s, h:t} ;fFrf]dr ' f] . d'5\g ;) lqm) [;+
) d|If0f > d5 \ g] != ;bf kbfy{df ldnfP vfOg] vfg]s fnfO{ df;ld; ug{ ;f]a jf ;
kfg{ (bfneft, b"weft, bxLlrpf cflb) . @= sg} bf]if jf ckfwdf cff]lkt ug{ af]g{ .
> d5df5 gf) ;a} d5g \ j ] g]{ sfd . d5fO gf) d5\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . d5fOg s
) lqm) d5\g nfOg kmt]nfOg . d5fpg k|) ] lqm) d5g \ nfpg kmt]nfpg . d5fd5 g
f) k:kdf d5\g] sfd . dl5g s) lqm) != ;fn]dfn] ulg ;f]a kflg . @= af]lg . dh
) d~h] szsf 5fF6sf kft sfF;sf h:tf ;]tf k"mn kmNg], kftsf] 8f]L cflb afl6g] j|ta
Gwdf 8f]Lsf] sGwgL;d]t nufOg] Ps hftsf] emf jf To;}sf] nL . dhf gf) [;+) d:t] != d
v, xft cflbdf 5fnf vlDrgfn] k]sf ;;fgf uf rfpL . @= dhf] . > dlhg c) lqm) != dh
f kg{ rfpL kg{ . @= afWo xg ljjz aGg . dhL gf) [dhf] O] != :qLsf of]lg cf]lkl
g] f}F . @= pk]Iff ufnLaf]ws cZnLn zAb . dhS  s lqm) lj) [c) d") dhs\ s (l))] != v
lDrg] jf rfpL kg]{ lsl;dn] vDr . @= dlhg] jf dhf kg]{ rfn;Fu .

1023

dh/  d8 t];f]{ nfdf] sf7 . d7f gf) [d7f]sf] lt) )] x]) d7f] . sf d7f gf) != w
]} d7f yk}| d7f . @= d7fdfly yk d7f . d7L gf) ;fgf7"nf w]} d7fsf] ;d"x . d7f
 ;) lqm) [;+) di6 cfsf g] km]b jf 6Kkf] ldnfP sf6\g ;Dd kf] tf5\g d7fg{ . > d
d7fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . d7flg s) lqm) ;Dd kf] sfl6g jf tfl5g . dl7g c) lqm)
[d7L g] != d7Ldf cfpg d7Lleq kg{ . @= r\un  df kg{ . d7L gf) [;+) dli6] !=
xftsf cf}Fnfx df]8] xTs]nfdf bafpFbf aGg] cfsf To;leqsf] lQf] 7fpF . @= Ps dfgfsf] b
;f}F efusf] kldf0f dLd"7L . #= yf]} kldf0f . $= d8\sL dSsf . Ps lj) != Ps d7L
= clnslt yf]} . e lqm) lj) d7Ldf cfP jf c6fPhlt Ps d 7 Lafa . ~ lnjfO gf) gofF
\ t f kDkfcg;f ;fOt ug]{ sfd . xft gf) df]l8Psf xftsf] sxg  fb]lv d7L;Ddsf] gfk
Lxft . dL gf) x]) dL . e/ lqm)lj) d7Le/ . d7 ] gf) [d7f] P] != kfnsf] ;fbf 8fn
] agfO{ aLpsf nflu To;df kf]sf] kflPsf] wfg . lj) @= d7f] agfPsf] d7f] kf]sf] . ~
kfn gf) d7f jf sNnL kfL afFlwPsf] kfn . d7f] gf) [k|f) df]] 3fF;, kfn, sfut cflb
la6f] jf sNnL . d7fO gf) [ d7fp ( cfO)] dl7g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d7fOg s)
m) d7Ln] ;dfOg jf lnOg . d7fpg ;) lqm) [d7L ofp g] != sg} rLh d7Ldf c6fP;Dd lng
 xftn] ;s];Dd lemSg . @= d7Ldf lng d7Ln] a];L ;dfpg jf lgsfNg . d8\g! ;) lqm
) [;+) d08 g] != skfn vf}g d08g ug{ . @= hf]uL agfpg ;GGof;sf] bLIff lbg . #=
cfgf dt, bn cflbdf Nofpg cfgf] kIfsf] agfpg . $= n6Lk6L ug{ 7Ug wtwft kfg{ wTg
. $= e"n jf ckfw u]afkt hftaf6 x6s ug{ . d8\g@ gf) [df]8\ g] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf{ 7fpF
lt/ nfUg ljkLt lbzflt/ kms{g . @= bf]la|g . d8! gf) [c\)] dfgl;s tTk/tf jf efj dg
Ml:ylt lrQj[lQ . d8@ gf) [;+) d08] != 6fpsf] lz vKk . @= ;Gtfg 5f]f5f]L 3hxfg
!= x]s JolQmsf] u0fgf k|To]s JolQmsf] uGtL hguGtL . lqm) lj) @= JolQmlkR5] hgxL k|To]
s .

#= ljjztf jf afWotfsf ;fydf . dh  gf) [;+) do"] kmSg] vfnsf] nfdf] kR5 xg] kR
5sf KjfFv}lkR5] 6Nsg] 6Lsf tyf af xg], lzdf sNsL ePsf], s]xL 7"nf] cfsfsf] k|l;4 ;
Gb kIfL do" dh dh"/ . ~ v] gf) != 6Kkf] dhsf] vfem}F xg] lgxf]em}F t
sf] cf}Nofxf jg:klt . lj) @= dhsf] h:tf] emLgf] vf xg] . ~ Kjfv ] lj) != d'h ' sf
h:tf] KjfFv x'g] (k
\vf cflb) . @= gSsn] lemNs] . d'h ' f! gf) [;+) d~hL] d'gf sf]lkn
d'G6f 6';f . d'h ' f@ gf) [;+) d'h] sfF;sf] ;fgf] ofnL jf emfD6f dh'f . d'h ' f] gf
) d~hL] sf]lknf] d'g' d'gf d'h'f . d'hf] gf) [;+) d':t] != ;fL, wf]tL cflb n'ufdf dl
kfL ldnfOPsf] kf6f] r'gf efFh . @= d'hf . > d'HofO gf) d'lhg] jf d'Hofpg] lqmofk|lqm
of . dHofOg s) lqm) dhf] kflg dhf kfg]{ sfd ulg . dHofpg ;) lqm) != dhf kfg
{ rGofpg vDRofpg . @= w8ks8 ug{ afWo ug{ . #= si6 lbg ;f:tL lbg . dh/ " gf)
x]) dh/ . d6  gf) [;+) di6] != zLdf 5ftLleq b]ak ]| l xg,] zLel bf]xf] Qm;~r
f] gxFbf 7x} kfg]{, k|f0fLsf] Hofb} dxjk"0f{ c\u x[bo x[b\ . @= s]Gb| k|dv . ~ sn]h
] gf) != Qm;~rf ug]{ d6 Qmklisf tyf Zjf;zf]wg ug]{ sn]hf] . @= dVo leofF; . s
) d6;  DaGwL f]u . sf] Joyf gf) x[boult aGb eP dg]{ jf dg]{ ;Defjgf xg] s8f ladfL
d6sf] f]u . d6lg c) lqm) [d6  f] O g] != d6  f] jf kf]sf] kg{ s6f]em}F
. @= Pp6} ynfdf slr|P a:g . d6  L gf) [d6  f] O{] ;fgf] d6f] s6L . d6f]
]] ;fgf] sDnf] jf kf]sf] s6f] kGtf] kf]6lnsf . d6  ofO gf) [ d6ofp ( cfO)]
fk|lqmof . [ > ] d6ofOg s) lqm) d6f] kflg . d6ofpg ;) lqm) [d6f] ofp g]
Nofpg kf]sf] kfg{ . d6\7L gf) x]) d7L . ~ e/ lqm) lj) d7Le/ . d7 gf) [;+) dl
i6] != xftn] ;dfOg], xltof jf cf}hfsf] laF8sf] efu dli6 . @= afO{ d7fpg] sfd . lj)
#= hf] ePsf] ;a} ePesf] . d7e]6d7e]8 gf) [d7L e]8\ cf] != k:ksf] le8Gt dSsL xfgf
fdSsL . @= k|foM dg gkbf]{ dflg;;Fu ck|Toflzt kn] ePsf] e]6 hDsfe]6 . d7L gf) [ d6
L] ;fgf] kf]sf] d6L . d7n gf) [g]jf) dyn] 5fgfsf] bfFtL5]p xg] kmNofsh:tf]

d8fOdtL d8fO gf) [ d8 ( cfO)] != d8g \ ] jf d08g ulg] lqmofk|lqmof d08gufO . @
8g \ ] jf kmls{g] lqmofk|lqmof kmsf{O{ bf]af | O . [ > ] d8fOg s) lqm) != d8g \
jf skfn vf}g nfOg . @= kmsf{Og . d8fpg k|) ] lqm) != d8g \ jf skfn vf}g nfpg
hf]uL agfpg . @= d8g \ ] jf kms{g] kfg{ kmsf{pg . dl8g s) lqm) != d08g ulg h
f]uL algg . @= kmls{g lbzf ablng . dl8nf] gf) v08v08 k]sf af6nf 7"nf kft xg],
gLnf] k"mn kmNg] v}f] sf] kmn kmNg] a6L jf To;}sf] kmn . d8L gf) [gf) ;+) dli6]
sxgfb]lv d7Lsf 6Kkf;Ddsf] efu d7L . xft gf) ;f]xL kldf0fsf] gfkf] . d8n  f gf
[d8n]sf] lt) )] x]) d8nf] . ~ d8n  L gf) != w]} d8nfsf] ;d"x . @= d8nf d
8nL . d8n  L gf) [d8nf] O{] != d[usf] kf]yL kf]yL d[u . lj) @= skfn vf}]sL, em]s
L jf vf}fPsL (:qL)) . ~ dfp gf) skfn em]sL jf vf}fPsL leIf0fL cyjf ljwjf . d8n  ]
lj) [d8nf] P] != d8nf] dl08t d08f . gf) @= (pk]Iffsf] cy{df) hf]uL ;GGof;L . ~
hf} gf) 68 F f] gxg  ] Ps hftsf] hf} . d8n  } lqm) lj) [d8nf] P]] d8nf] e
P 6f]kL g} gnfO{sg . ~ 78'n} lqm) lj) skfn klg vf}L 6f]kL klg gnfO{sg . d'8'nf] lj)
d'8pnf]] != skfn vf}]sf] lzv'On] d'8'n] . @= 6f]kL gnufO{ lz vfnL ePsf] l;
gePsf] .
' gf) 6'F8f] gx'g] Ps k|sfsf] ux'F . ~ 7'8'nf] lj) skfn vf}]sf] 6f]kL klg gnufPsf]
R5 s]xL gePsf] . d'8'jf lj) [d'8 \ pjf] d'l8Psf] d'l8g] . d'8n ] f] gf) [d'8Pnf]] 6fp
fdf 3'd c8fpgsf lgldQ nufOg] 8f]L . d'8l\ sg c) lqm) [d8s \ L g] d8s \ L vfOg d8
\ Ln] sl6g . @= d8\sLh:tf] xg . d8\lsnf] gf) [d8\sf] Onf]] rnf] nf]6fpg] uf]
a, 3 kf]Tg] df6f], kf]tfL cflb fvgwg ug]{ 7fpF . d8\sL gf) [k|f) dL] 3:;f xfGg jf
\ sl:;Psf] d7L . sf] e gf) afXo zlQm u08fluL . ~ lrpfRo"f gf) lk6fO dSSofO
. ~ ;f:tL gf) d8\sL lrpf d8s \ LRo"f . d8s \ ] lj) [d8s \ f] P] d8s \ f]h:tf]
s \ f]sf 5fF6sf] d8s \ f]sf 9fFrfsf] . d8s \ f] gf) [;+) d08] sf7cflbsf] 5f]6f]
df]6f] luF8 d9f] . d8S \ ofO gf) [ d8S \ ofp ( cfO)] != d8S \ ofpg] lqmof jf k|l
qmof . [ > ] d8\SofOg s) lqm) != d8s \ Ln] lxsf{Og dSSofOg . @= d8\sf] kflg
. d8S \ ofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) [d8\sL ofp g] != d8s \ Ln]
1024

xfGg dSSofpg l8DSofpg . @= xltofsf] wf slF 8g] kfg{ eQ] tNofpg . d9 gf) [;+
08] d9f] . k]nfO gf) caem l9kL . d9g gf) pvsf] klxnf] ;fnsf] afnL . d9f gf) [
d9f]sf] lt) )] != x]) d9f] . @= afF;sf dl;gf 8G8Lx ldnfO{ 5fnf jf 8f]Ln] agL a:g
] 7fpFlt 9fsL agfOPsf] 8d?sf cfsfsf] a:g] ;fwg . dl9g c) lqm) [d9f] O g] != d9f]h:
f] xg . @= xltofsf] wf bf]la|g eQ] xg gnfUg] xg . d9 ] lj) [d9f] P] d9f] eP
f] d9f]h:tf] . gf) != al4;4L gePsf] an d9k]nfO hah{:tL . @= d"v{tf dVof{OF . d
9f] gf) [;+) d"9] != 9fn]sf] xfFuflaFuf sf6]sf] sf7sf] df]6f] luF8 d9 . lj) @= r]
t xfPsf] dwf}? . #= wf df]l8Psf] gnfUg] eQ] . d9fO gf) [ dl9 ( ofO)] dl9g] lqmo
lqmof . [ d9fp cfO ] gf) d9fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . > d9fOg s) lqm) dl9g] kflg e
tNofOg . d9fpg ;) lqm) [d9f] ofp g] xltofsf] wf dfg{ gnfUg] agfpg eofpg .
) [;+)] != 6fpsf] lz vKk . @= skfn vf}]sf] 6fpsf] . #= zLaf6 sfl6P 5lPsf] 6fpsf]
lz . $= ln\u jf euf\ssf] 6Kkfsf] efu . > d08g gf) skfn vf}g] sfd xhfdt d8fO I
dfnf gf) lzjsf u0f, sfnL, e}j, e}jL cflbn] unfdf nufpg] b}To, dflg; cflbsf 6fpsfsf]
dfnf . > dl08t lj) d08g ulPsf] skfn vf}]sf] d8nf] . d08L lj) != d08g u]sf] .
@= ;GGof;L hf]uL . #= uf]vd08L . $= lzj . dt \ g ;) lqm) [;+) d"q g] != lk;fa ug
lk;fa km]g{ 5NSofpg tSof{pg tL ug{ . @= 8fpg 5n5n xg . dt gf) [;+) d"q
fPsf] emf]n j:t k]6df ku] k|f0fLsf] hgg]lGb|oaf6 lg:sg] tn kbfy{ lk;fa lk;fk d"q .
> dtfO gf) dTg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . dtfOg s) lqm) != dTg nfOg . @= 5n5n kflg
 . dtfpg k|) ] lqm) != dTg nfpg . @= 5n5n kfg{ s:t tNofpg . dtsf] Gofgf]
gf) If0fe dfqsf] ;v jf cfgGb . dtflas gf)of]) [c)] != cg;f dflkms . lj) @= cgk ;
fpFbf] . dtfxf lj) [dt\ cfxf] != lgb|fdf cf]5\fg}df jf lapFemf]df klg hxfF kfof] T
oxLF dTg] . @= w]} dTg] dtj  f . #= 85]?jf sfy . $= xfg]{ x?jf . dltg s) lqm)
t \ O g] lk;fa km]lg . dtL! gf) [g]jf)] klxnf]kN6 lgsflnPsf] s8f c;n

1025

dtLdgf rqm cflb cfow . %= ;sfn] k|rngdf Nofpg] ljleGg cfsf d"No tf]lsPsf, sg} klg
b]zsf hgtfn] qmoljqmosf] dfWod jf eQmfgL;\sngsf ;fwgsf kdf k|of]u ug]{ j:t jf pk
s0f (wftsf db|f jf l;Ssf, gf]6) . ^= uf]vgfy;Dk|bfodf ;fwxn] sfgdf nufpg] kml6s
cflbsf] s08n jf db|f . &= p7\g], a:g] zLsf c\usf] l:ylt jf dgsf] efj k|blz{t ug]{ c
fFvf, gfs, sfg, dv, xft cflbsf] sg} klg lqmof . *= b]jLb]jtfsf Wofg, k"hf, cflbsf
] ;dodf k|bz{g ufOg] cfsf (h:t} w]gd  b  f | , dT:odbf | cflb) . (= cfwlgs db0
| fsfo{df jf kqflbsf] 5kfOdf k|of]u ulg] l;;fsf 9flnPsf pN6f cIfx 6fOk . !)= ;flxTod
f zAbfn\sfcGtu{t kg]{ Zn]ifcn\sfsf] Ps e]b . !!= gfs, sfg, cflbdf nufOg] dGb|L . !@
= k|tLsfTds lrXg . !#= kbs lje"if0f tSdf . > dbf | If gf) != ;sfL sfof{nosf 5fk cf}7
F L cflbdf vf]lkPsf] jf slF bPsf] cIf . @= kqklqsf cflb 5fKg] sfddf k|of]u xg] 6f
Ok . db|f\s gf) != chL{ cflb n]v] k]; ug]{ ;sfL 5fk nfu]sf] sfut kmffd . @= ;fbf jf
L tl:a cIf cflb 5fKg] wft, a cflbsf] oGq 5fk df]x . db|f\sg gf) sg} klg db|f
f6 lrXg cflb 5fKg] sfd . db|f\lst lj) != sg} tl:a cflbsf] 5fk nfu]sf] 5flkPsf] . @=
df]x nfu]sf] . #= 8fd] lrXg c\lst ulPsf] . $= 5fk]sf] . ~ tj gf) k|frLg sfnsf db|f j
l;Ssfxsf] ;xfotf jf cWoogaf6 To; b]zsf] Oltxf;, ;+:s[lt cflbsf] 1fg ufpg] ljifo j
f lj1fg . ~ afxNo gf) cfjZostfeGbf a9L db|f k|rngdf cfPsf] cj:yf db|f:kmLlt . ~
k|bfo gf) db|fcfk"lt{ . ~ dfnf gf) s]6fs]6Lsf Iffsf nflu nufOg] ljleGg dbf| (rfFb
Lsf l;Ssf, k};f, af3sf] bfx|f, g\u|f cflb) plgPsf] dfnf Iffdfnf Sv]dfnf . ~ oGq gf) !
lahnLaf6 rNg] 5kfOoGq . @= dbf| jf l;Ssf 9fNg] oGq . ~ lj1fg gf) dbf| tj dbf|
zf:q . ~ zf:q gf) kfgf dbf | jf l;Ssfff P]ltxfl;s sfnqmdsf] lgk0f jf ljj]rgf ug]{ z
f:q dbf | tj . ~ :kmLlt gf) qmozlQmsf b[li6n] db|fsf] d"No sd To;sf cgkftdf j:t
sf] d"No w]} xg] uL c;fwf0f kn] a9L dbf| k|rngdf cfpg] l:ylt db|fafxNo . > dlb|s
f gf) != gfd slF bPsf], 5fk nufpg] cf}F7L 5fk . @= tk{0f cflb ubf{ nufOg] szsf] cf}F
7L . #= l;Ssf . dlb|t lj) != db0 | f ePsf] 5kfOPsf] jf 5flkPsf] . @= cf}F7L jf a 5
fk nufOPsf] (sfutkq) . dgSsf gf) [c) dgSs] 7"nf] vfnsf] ls;ld; jf ;sfOPsf] c\u b
fv dgSsf . dgf gf) [;+) d0f] af]6, la?jf, nxf cflbdf lgSn]sf] sdnf] dG6f jf kfn
jf d~hL dg 6;f] lklkf] .

sf]l6sf] S;L Pskfg] S;L . \ O{] lk;fa d"t ;; (afnaf]nLdf) . dtL@ gf) [dt dtg 
tg  f] gf) [;+) d"q ggf]] dTg] c\u d"ql] Gb|o dtf}f] dTg] . dt  f] gf) [dt
Gb|o dtg dtgf] tL . \ pjf] != s7fpFdf dTg] jf dltxg] . @= dtj  f lj) [dt
xf . dtf}f] gf) [dt\ cf}f]] dtg dtgf] dtf] . dTg] gf) [dt \ g]] dtf]
bufkgL{ gf) dsf] em}F kft xg] Ps nxf] . dlbt lj) [;+)] != k|;Gg xlif{t cfglGbt .
f) @= v;L cfgGb xif{ . #= ;Def]usf lglDt pkoQm Ps lsl;dsf] cfln\ug . dlbtf gf) [;
+)] != af}4 wd{cg;f dxfofg jh|ofgsf ;fwsxsf Wofgsf] klxnf] cj:yf . @= r}Tosf] klx
nf] e"ld . ~ j[lQ gf) csf{n] ;v kfPsf] b]v] cfglGbt xg] lrQj[lQ . dbu \ gf) [;+
)] duL d . k0fL{ gf) jgduL . dbu \ gf) [;+)] != du|f] 3g xyf}8L . @= kxndfgx
ofd ubf{ k|of]u ug]{ sf7sf] Ps ;fwg . #= ubf . $= Ps k|sfsf] rd]nL k"mn . d2tL lj
) [c)] != w]} lbg;Dd rNg] jf rn]sf] nfdf] ;do;Dd c8\g] ;fjlw . gf) @= sg} bn, ju{, ;
d"x jf ;Dk|bfosf] g]tf dVo JolQm . ~ vftf gf) a}s \ df ?lkofF hDdf uL lgwf{lt ;do;Dd
;fpFAofh glems]df a9L Aofh kfOg] Joj:yf ePsf] vftf (lkmS:8 PsfpG6) . ~ l;b gf) Dof
b gf3]kl5 :jtM 2 xg] Ps k|sfsf] l;b . d2f gf) [c) d2 cf] emu8f afemf] tsf ds2d
aemfO . ~ bfO gf) emul8ofn] d2f rnfpg cbfntdf sfuh bflvn jf btf{ ug]{ sfd . ~ ;sf g
f) csf{sf] d2f ;sfg]{ jf af]Sg] sfd . dbs | lj) [;+)] db|0f ug]{ 5fKg] . db|0
f gf) [;+)] != oGqff cIfsf 6fOk, Ans cflb 5fKg] sfd 5kfO . @= aGb ug]{ sfd . #= db|f
lst ug]{ sfd . ~ oGq gf) db0 | f ug]{ oGq 5kfOd]l;g lk|lG6 k|; ] .~ :jtGqtf gf) k|hf
tflGqs k4ltdf hgtfn] lglZrt ;Ldfdf xL cfgf ljrf, efjgf, k|ltlqmof cflb 5fKg kfpg] P
s df}lns clwsf . > db|0ffno gf) 5fkfvfgf k|]; . db|f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tnfO{ cflw
sfls kdf k|dfl0ft ug]{ gfd, lrXg cflb nufpg] 5fk . @= gfd jf sg} JolQmut lrXg ePsf]
cf}F7L . #= f0ffsfnLg g]kfndf dUnfgaf6 cfjthfjt ug{nfO{ lbOg], pQm 5fk nfu]sf]
;sfL clwsfkq fxbfgL kfkq . $= j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf eQmxn] cfgf] 5ftL, kfvf cflbdf 8f
]Kg] lji0fsf z\v,

dgfkmfd/nL dgfkmf gf) [c) dgfkmf] dfn;fdfg vlblaqmL ubf{ cfly{s b[li6af6 nfuteG
bf a9\tf xg] nfe kmfObf gfkmf . dgfn gf) [;+) d[0fkfn] kxf8L e]udf xg], hLpel af,
3fF6Ldf fd|f] s07f lzdf sNsL xg] Ps ;Gb rf] df]gfn . dgfl;a lj) [c)] dgfl;a pl
. dlg! gf) of]) [ dlg] tn pFwf] . dlg@ gf) [;+)] != jf:t jf d"lt{snfdf dfqf jf c\
unsf] ;ft ugfafasf] gfk b[li6, kftfn, wft jf clAwafasf] gfk . @= sg} ljifoj:tsf]
gg ug]{ JolQm dggzLn JolQm Clif tk:jL dxfTdf ;Gt eQm ;GGof;L . #= ulxlP ljrf ug]{
sf] JolQm . $= c\luf, kn:To, e[u, sb{d cflb . %= a4 . ^= Jof; . &= ;ftsf] ;\Vof
. qo gf) kfl0flg, sfTofog kt~hln . ku \ j gf) dxfg\ jf k|dv Clif . dlgd gf) [c
gLa] JolQmut ;+:yf, sf]7L cflbsf] lx;favftfsf] sfd ug]{ sd{rfL . > dlgdL gf) !=
dlgdsf] sfd jf kb . @= dlgd xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . dlgof gf) uf9f v}f]
sf] zLdf y
nfyf]Knf x'g] lkm:6f]hqf] Pshftsf] fd|f] rf] . d'lgj|t gf) [;+)] d'lg jf 7"nf of]uL
dxfTdfxsf] k|lt1f tk:of . d'gL gf) [af) af])] e]8fafv|fsf] dfp jf kf7f] . d'gLGb|d'
gLZj gf) [;+)] != w]} 7"nf Clif d'lgxdf >]i7 . @= uf}td a'4 . #= lzj . d'g' gf) [;+)
'0f] 6';f] lklkf] d'gf . d'G6f d'G6L gf) [d'G6f] (l))] w]} d'G6fsf] ;d"x . d'lG6g
m) [dG6f] O g] != s;}n] 3r]6b \ f jf lFu6f nfUbf 6fpsfn] g} 6]Sg kUg dG6fn] 6]Sg
dlG6g 6fpsfsf] e kg{ . @= 7fs vfg 3f]lqmg lgsflng . #= afpFl6g 6]l9g efFl8g
G6] lj) [dG6f] P] dG6f] lgxs ] f] dlG6Psf] . ~ l7u ' f] gf) != d'G6f] cl8g] ub{g
xf8 . @= ;hfo lbFbf ckfwLnfO{ ub{gdf xflng] Ps k|sfsf] l7Fu'f] . d'G6f] gf) [;+) d'
08] != zLsf] ;aeGbf dflyNnf] cjoj 6fpsf] dfy lz . @= d'gf d'G6f . #= :tg jf y'gsf] c
fu jf 6'Kkf] r'r's . d'G6fO gf) [ d'lG6 (ofO)] d'lG6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ]
d'G6fOg' s) lqm) d'G6fpg] sfd ulg' d'G6fn] 6]Sg] kflg' dG6fOg' 3f]So|fOg' . d'G6f
)k|) ] lqm) != sfk] xftn] uw{g cF7fO{ x'ofpg' 3f]So|fpg' 7fs v'jfpg' 3f]qm]5'QL+ nfp
. @= d'G6fn] 6]sfpg' d'G6fsf] e kfg'{ . d'G8f lj) [;+) d'08] != skfn gePsf] v'On] d'8
'nf] . @=
1026

5fgf] gePsf] (3) . gf) #= hf]uL ;GGof;L . d'Gtnf gf) [;fb[Zo;'Gtnf] ;'Gtnfsf] hftsf]
cdnfhqf] cldnf] x'g] Ps kmnljz]if . d'lGt lqm) lj) [d'lglt] tnlt dlglt . d'Gb'd gf
d'Gw'd . d'Gb|f gf) [;+) d'bf| ] vf; uL l;sf emd6df b]lvg] dflg;sf d'vsf] ljz]if cj
:yf emf]s (h:tf] l;df d'Gb|f km]g) '{ . > d'Gb|L gf) :qLxn] sfgdf nufpg] d'b|fsf ;'gs
] uxgf ;fgf] d'Gb|f . d'Gb| ] lj) != d'Gb|f nfPsf] d'Gb|f ePsf] . @= d'Gb|f k]sf] d'
Gb|fh:tf] d'Gb|fsf] 5fF6sf] . d'Gb|f] gf) [;+) d'lb|sf] a'nfsL, s08n, ofln{
, cf}F7L
cflb s08nfsf sg} uxgf . d'Gw'd gf) [ef]) a)] lnDa"hfltsf] wd{zf:q d'Gw'd . d'G;L gf)
c) d'GzL] != vf; u] caL, kmf;L efiffdf n]vfk9L ug]{ ;sfL sd{rfL . @= k'fgf vfGbfgL
f k|foM cbfnt;DaGwL n]vfk9Lsf] sfd ug]{ sd{rfL . vfgf gf) f0ffzf;gsf] ;dodf kfi6 d
sf] sfd ug]{ Ps cf . dkmt lj) [kmf) dt] != d"Nolagfsf] l;Q} . lqm) lj) @= sfd g sf
hl;t lagl;lQ dkmt Joy{ . > dkmtL To;} e]l6Psf] jf kfOPsf] dkmtsf] . dt lj) [kmf)]
) dkmt . > dtL x]) dkmtL . dafs lj) [c)] d\unsfL ze . gf) @= ze cj;df awfO{ l
k|of]u xg] zAb . jfb gf) awfO{ zesfdgf kmQ]djfs . jfbL lj) awfO{ lbg] zesfdgf
. ddf gf) [;+) dftf] cfdf dftf . ddI  f lj) [;+)] df]Ifsf nflu k|oTgzLn df]Ifsf
] rfxgf ug]{ ;f+;fls hLjgaf6 dQm xg OR5f fVg] . dd"iff{ gf) [;+)] != d[Tosf] rfx
gf dg]{ OR5f . > ddi " f" { lj) != d0ff;Gg dg}{ cfF6]sf] . @= dg{ rfxg] d0f]R5s d[
sfdL . dsn gf) ljz]iftof tfO{lt xg] Ps k|sfsf] ntf . dAaf gf) [c) dAa] akmfP
] rf:gLdf 8afOPsf] ;uGwL kmnsf] kfs . ddlg c) lqm) [dd O g] != leqleq} l;fp
g . @= ddfpg] sfd ulg . > ddofO gf) ddlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ddof
) h\lug] kflg . ddofpg k|) ] lqm) leqleq} qm4 kfg{ dd tNofpg . ddofx6
efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . dnL gf) [;+)] lgufnf], afF; jf sf7ff ag]sf], nfdf] 5
f]6f] ljleGg k|sfsf] xg,] cf}n F f rfnL ljleGg :jdf kms] ahfOg] Ps afhf . ~ lgufn
f] gf) cf}n F fhltsf] dfq 8f]nfO kftnf] df]6fO xg], dnL agfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg]
Ps

1027

d/fdnflxhf d5f{ gf) [;+) d"R5f{] != zf]s, eo, /f]u cflbsf sf/0f xg] a]xf];L cj
:yf cr]tgtf . @= a]xf];L xg] /f]u 5f/] /f]u . dbf{ gf) [kmf) db{] != k|f0f gePsf
] zL nf; d[ts zj . lj) @= d]sf] d[t r]tgfxLg . #= s]xL zlQm gePsf] . jfb gf) zf;
cJoj:yf jf cGo sg} hglxtljkIfL sfo{kl| t c;Gtli6 jf ljf]w hgfpg gffafhL ubf{ gfz x
f];\ eGg] clek|fon] k|of]u ulg] ;fd"lxs :j jf gff lhGbfjfbsf] ljkLtfy{s zAb . dbf{
[kmf) dbf] != :jfefljs kn] d]sf] . @= ckljq . #= dGRofF;] . dbf{;\v gf) [kmf) db
]bf eGg] kj{tz[\udf kfOg], 6Nsg] kx]n F f] sf], 3fpvl6fdf nufOg] Ps cf}ifwL . ddL{ g
) tfO{df a:g] Ps hflt . df{ gf) [;+) dh] != cf}Fnfn] Roflkg] vfpsf] uL . #= ofn, 9
fxdf hl8g] ufsf cfsfsf] xTyf . #= 9f\u|f]sf] laF8 df]{ . $= jL0ff, l;tf, ;f\uL c
:gsf nflu 7fpF7fpFdf hl8g] uf . %= bwfn e}; F Lsf] Ps hft . dl{g c) lqm) [d{ O g
slg vfFlbg l;fpg . df]{ gf) != 9f\u|f] laF8 xftf] df{ . @= df;, uxt cflb
km]b ufF;L a6f] agfOPsf] kfFhf] . dof{O gf) [ dl{ ( ofO)] != dl{g] efj, lqmof jf
of . [dof{p cfO] @= dof{pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dof{Og s) lqm) dl{g] kf
 . dof{pg ;) lqm) != dsofpg vfFb\g . @= w]} vjfpg . dof{x6 gf) dl{g] efj
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . dntaL lj) [kmf) dNtaL] ;DalGwt csf]{ sfafxLsf] 6u \ f] nfu]
kl5 lsgff nufpg] uL :ylut ulPsf] (d2fdfldnf cflb) dNtaL . dnGw] gf) [ dnf\v]]
f{ k|of]u ulg] zAb dnf\v] d"nf . dnDdf gf) [c) dnDd] f;folgs k|lqmofff sg} wft
], ;grfFbL cflbsf] hnk dnDaf df]nDaf . dnf gf) [;+) d"ns] != ;fu sGb bj} ksfP jf
sfFr} vfOg] zfshftLo Ps pb\leb\ jg:klt . @= a]sDdf jf 2L dfG5] (nfIfl0fs cy{df) .
dnfOhf gf)x]) dnflxhf . dnfsf gf) bfFtL gk]sf kft xg,] ;]tf jf kx]n F f k"mn k
mNg], hfsf kdf df]6f] sGb xg] (qml;km]L ;d"xsf]) d"nf . dnfsft gf) [c)] e]6 ldng
+of]u ;dfud e]63f6 . dnf\v/] gf) [k|f) dngvGg P] dnGw/] dNofxf . dnfod lj) [c)]
f] gd sf]dn . dnflxhf gf) [c) dnfxh] Gofo jf lgod 5f8L s;}sf] cf]8 lng] sfd df]nflx
hf kIfkft kgkIf kgkR5] dnfOhf .

k|sfsf] lgufnf] . ~ af; gf) db];lt kfOg], uf]nfO ;fgf] km]b6Kkf] klg emG8} Psgf;sf]
df]6fO xg] Ps lsl;dsf] afF; . ~ ds} gf) 6Kkfdf rRrf] xg,] e6b \ f v"a} k"mn
p7\g] Ps k|sfsf] ds} . df gf) [;+)] Ps hftsf] uGwoQm a6L uba6L . dfb gf) [c)] !
dgdf lxx]sf] clenfiff sfdgf dgf]y dg;af . @= leqL cfzo clek|fo . > dfbL lj) d
nfifL . dfldfL gf) [;+) dfl] d gfdsf] fIf;nfO{ dfg]{ s[i0f . dL gf) [k|f)
nsf] efOsf k4ltdf aL; kfyL cGg cflbsf] kldf0f . @= w]} (dLdL wGojfb, dLdL k|z; +
O)) . #= Ps f]kgLsf] rff}F efu hjf . ~ kfyL gf) cGg ;fk6L lnFbf Ps dL cgfhsf] kfyLsf
bn] nfUg] Aofh . ~ afnL gf) gofF afnL leofpFbf jif{el kmfnL lk6]sf] c xftxltof agf
f dd{t u]sf] afktdf sfdLn] k|ltxn Ps dLsf bn] kfpg] afnL . ~ efp lj) ;fx|} ;:tf] .
~ e; gf) pd] ku ] klg al4 gk;]sf] dflg; . ~ dfgf Ps dfgf aLp nfUg] hUufdf Ps dLsf
lx;fan] kmNg] afnL . d?sd?s lqm) lj) [c) d") d?s\ c (l))] != vf] vfnsf] vfg]s f]
ds}, lrpf cflb) rkfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] uL . @= ;s]sf j:t afa/ slNrFbf jf efFlrbf cfjf
h lg:s] . d?Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") d?s\ s] != v/f] vfnsf] j:t rkfpFbf jf sNrFbf zAb c
fpg] lsl;dn] . @= ;s]sf] ;;fgf] j:t efFRtf jf efFlrFbfsf] em}F cfjfh lg:s]/ .
d? gf) [c) d") d?\ c] dl;gf] ;fx|f] vfg]sf] (ds}, v] cflb) dv gp3fLsg} rkfpg] lsl
d? lqm) lj) To;L nuftf rkfpg] uL . > d?\ lqm) lj) d?sf rfnn] Ps} v]kdf rkfP .
sf08 gxg,] rf}8f 7"nf a6flPsf kft xg,] 7"n7"nf xlof, ;]tf k"mn kmNg], 7"nf kmn
kmNg] (lxdf]8f]of;L ;d"xsf]) Ps jg:klt . ds { f lj) [d8 sf] != 6fpsf] sfl6Psf] d8s6
. gf) @= 6fpsf] gePsf] Ps yL k|t ] jf lkzfr . dsr { f gf) hQfdf sfF6L 7f]Sg] 5
fnf tx nfpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] kmnfd] xltof . dVof{O gf) [d"v{ofOF] d"v{ x'gfsf] ef
j jf cj:yf d"v{tf d"vk { gf . d'rn { gf) l;dfgfdf ufl8g] lsNnf jf nf nf]Flsn . d'r
{
u \ f gf) [;+) d[b
\u] d'vdf fvL bfFtn] Rofk] rf] cf}Fnfn] aLrsf] lha|L rnfP ahfOg] k
nfdsf] Ps k|l;4 afhf .

d'nLd';'/L d'nL lj) [d"nO{] != d'Vo k|wfg k|d'v . gf) @= 3sf] d'Vo dflg; dfp . #= ys
. d'n's gf) [c) d'Ns] != b]z fHo fi6 . @= k|b]z k|fGt . #= ;+;f nf]s . dff lj
dfg]{ ;a}nfO{ ;f]:g] n'6fxf . ~ xgfO gf) csf{sf] b]zdf ulg] r9fO jf cfqmd0f . d'n's
L lj) [c) d'NsL] d'n's;DaGwL d'n'ssf] . ~ c8\8f gf) f0ffsfndf u[x tyf ;fwf0f k|zf;g;D
aGwL sfo{ ug]{ jf tT;DaGwL aGbf]a:t ldnfpg] cf . ~ P]g gf) nf]sJoj:yfsf lgldQ ag]s
f] d'n'sel nfu" x'g] b]zsf] sfg'g . ~ vfgf gf) f0ffsfndf b]zesf] cfo hDdf x'g] cf jf
9's6L . d'n'Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") d'n's\s] Ps} l5gsf lglDt dfq b]vf kg]{ uL ldlnSs e'mn
Ss . d'n7 ] L gf) [;+) d"noli6] h]7Ldw' x]) dxL . ' s b]vf kg'{ em d'lNsg c) lqm)
Ss O g] dnS b]lvg emlNsg . dNsf] gf) [;+) d"ns] kfgL, w"jfF cflbsf] klxnf] eNsf
] . dNSofO gf) [ dlNs ( ofO)] != dlNsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [dNSofp cfO] @= d
NSofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dNSofOg s) lqm) dnS  s b]vfOg . dSNof
pg c) lqm) != dnS  s b]vf kg{ dlNsg . ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) @= dnSs x]g{ jf b]
vfpg emNSofpg . dNSofg gf) If0fe dfq b]vf kg]{ sfd dnSs b]vfkfO . dNSofx6 gf)
lNsg] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . dNSofxf lj) dlNsg] :jefjsf] . dNtaL gf) [
kmf)] x]) dntaL . dNofxf lj) [;+) d"n ofxf] != d"n gIfqdf hGd]sf] . @= cnfO{ kL8f
lbg] jf lkg]{ lkfxf . #= dnGw] . dNnf gf) [c)] != caLkmf;L efiffsf 7"nf 1ftf . @=
aflnsfnfO{ k9fpg] d;ndfg lzIfs . dznL gf) [;+)] != xn]bf]sf] h:tf] hf xg] Ps a
6L d;nL . @= lzjhL . #= anfd . sGb gf) nfdfnfdf kft xg] ;]tf k"mn xg] Ps a6L jf
To;sf] sGb . dli6 gf) [;+)] d7L . ~ bfgleIff gf) leIffyL{nfO{ lbOg] d7Le cGg . d
;dGb|] lj) [d;dGb|f] P] != sk6L rfnn] yfxf gkfpg] uL leqleq} csf] lauf ug]{ . @=
em krfpg] vfnsf] k]6fxf . d;dGb|f ] lj) d;dGb|] . :qL) d;dGb|L . d;d; lqm)
lj) [;+) dif\ (l))] != dGb ultdf dL7f] af:gf cfpg] uL ;uGw km}lng] lsl;dn] dudu .
gf) @= dflg;sf zLsf] uGw . > d;d;fO gf) d;d;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . d;d
;fOg s) lqm) d;d; af:gf
1028

cfpg] xf]Og . d;d;fpg c) lqm) d;d; af:gf cfpg . d;d; ] lj) != d;d; af:g
f cfpg] xNsf dw uGw km}lnPsf] . gf) @= 6f9}af6 yfxf kfOg] dflg;sf] zLsf] h:tf] dL7f
] uGw (bGTosyfsf fIf;sf] egfOdf k|rlnt) . d;n gf) [;+)] != k|frLg ;dosf] Ps z:q ub
f . @= lrpf cflb s6\g] sf7sf] ;fwg n;L . wfwff gf) d;nhq} 7"n7"nf kfgLsf wff .
;nhq} wff eP emg]{ jf bs{g] (kfgL) . d;ndfg gf) [c)] dxDdb ;fxan] rnfPsf wd{ jf
;Dk|bfosf] cgofoL ju{ dxDdbL O:nfdL dl:nd . > d;ndfgL lj) d;ndfg;DaGwL d;ndfgsf
] . ~ hQf gf) rRrf] Psbd tLvf] nfdf] ePsf] Ps lsl;dsf] hQf . d;lnG8L gf) x]) d
znLsGb . d;nL gf) x]) dznL . sGb gf) x]) dznLsGb . d;fpf] gf) [d;f] cfpf]] d;
kfg]{ vf] d;f] ;dfTg] jf cNemfpg] vf] . d;f sfgLd;f sfg] gf) [d;f sfg O{P] != ;fg
xg] Ps k|sfsf] pb\leb\ . lj) @= d;fsf h:tf ;fgf sfg xg] . d;flkm gf) [c)] e|d0
f ug]{ dflg; ofqL ko{6s kb]zL a6jf . vfgf gf) != d;flkmsf lglDt agfOPsf] 3 wd{
gZj ;+;f . d;fa gf) [c) d;Aa] l3psdfLsf] ; ;sfP ljz]if ljlwff tof kflPsf]
;f\g ;) lqm) [;+) d;[0f g] != hu F f, bfx|L cflb ;DDofpg tx nufpg . @= ;d;Dofpg
 tx nufpg . > d;ffO gf) d;fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . d;flg s) lqm) hu F f, bfx|L
cflb tx nfOg jf ;DofOg ;d;DofOg . d;L gf) [g]jf)] 3/sf] 5fgf] c8fpg] df]6f] n
fdf] blng . d;S  s lqm) lj) [c) d") d;\ > d;s 
\ s] cfjfh glgsfnL cf]7 dfq r
nfP xfF:g] lsl;dn] dL7f] uL d:sfP . d;d  ;  fO gf) [d;d;fp cfO] d;d;fpg] efj
of jf k|lqmof . > d;d;fOg s) lqm) d;d; xfFl;g . d;d;fpg c) lqm) [d;d
; cfp g] d;d; xfF:g d:sfpg . d;d  ;   lqm) lj) [c) d") d; \ p (l))] cfj
gsfnL xfF:g] uL d;d  ;  fpg] rfnn] . d;  L! gf) e"mn dR5bfgL (a\ufn cf;fdsf g
df k|rlnt) . d;  L@ gf) [d;f] O{] d;f] (bfnljz]if) . d;  L# gf) != uf]8fdf nu
] Ps k|sfsf] kfgf] 9fFrfsf] uxgf kfph]a . @= d;f] (afnaf]nLdf, h:t} olt gfgf kmf6f]
d;Ln] sf6f]) . ~ s6; gf) Ps hftsf] ;fgf]

1029

d;/  ] d"uf d:t]dfgjn] k|of]u ug]{ u]sf] kfiff0f pks0fsf] k|sf . d:t}b lj) [c) d
:tc] != tof tTk sl6a4 tDtof . @= tGb?:t ;b\b] sl;s;fp 7Ls7fs d:t]h . > d:t}bL
tGb?:tL . dl:ng c) lqm) [d:nf] O g] != d:nf]h:tf] xg . @= w"jfFsf] d:nf] lg:s
g . dl:nd gf) [c)] != d;ndfg . lj) @= d;ndfg;DaGwL d;ndfgsf] . d:nL gf) [d;n O
{] d;nn] h:t} cf]vndf s6g \ ] xltof . d:nf] gf) [;+) d;n] != cfufsf] afSnf] Hjfn
f fFsf] nKsf] nk6 . @= afbn, slxf], w"jfF cflbsf] nx . #= bs]{sf kfgLsf] 7"nf] wff]
d"nf, 8s cflb sfFr} vfFbf gfsaf6 lg:sg] fu . %= ;lGgP jf cGo sg} k|sfn] zLsf sg}
f p7]sf] df;sf] lk08 jf nf]nf . ^= Psf]xf]lFb} cfPsf] atf;sf] df]xL . &= qmf]w jf
l;sf] j]u . dxDdb gf) [c)] O:nfd wd{sf Ps k|l;4 dxfk?if xht dxDdb (lj) ;+) ^@&^&
() . dxfg gf) [;+) dv:yfg] != gbLgfnf, vf]nf], wff] cflbsf] kfgL pd|g] jf lg:sg]
7fpF d"n . @= vf]nfsf] kfgL snf]lt hfg] 7fpF lgsf; df]x8f . #= cfDbfgLsf] ;|f]t . $=
dVo 7fpF pb\ud:yn . dxf gf) [;+) dvfsf] != dvsf] k"0f{ cfs[lt cgxf dv . @= lj
6 jf dfGohgsf] df]x8f . dxfnL gf) [k|f) dx cfnL] ;gxLh:tf] dvn] kms] ahfOg] Ps k
|sfsf] afhf . dxfjf gf) [c)] 3dfpf] kffn] cy{ alemg] jfSk4lt nIf0ff jf Jo~hgfff
lemg] jfSof+z x]) jfUwff 6Ssf . dx6  L gf) [ dx8f] != dx8f df]x8f . @= cl3Nnf
k\lSt cufl8sf] tfFtL (;]gfsf] dx6L, ofqLsf] dx6L cflb) . #= cfo;|ft ] . dx8
 f gf) [k|f) dx 8f] != cgxf df]x8f r]xf . @= sg} j:tsf] cl3Nnf] efu ;fdGg]sf]
3f]8fsf 6fpsfdf sl;g] 5fnfsf] ;fh lzf . dxgL gf) [ df]xgL] != jzLs0f ug]{ dGq df]
@= emsfp cf;lQm . dxt " { gf) [;+)] != c7rfnL; ldg]6 jf bO{ 38Lsf] ;do . #= H
of]ltifzf:qsf cg;f ofqf, ljjfx, j|taGw cflb sfo{sf lglDt tf]lsPsf] ze jf cze s
fn ;fOt nug . #= lgot ;do . d"s lj) [;+)] != pd] kuk ] l5 klg af]nL gkm6]sf] nf6f]
jfFu] UjfFh] n7]k|f] . @= df}sfdf af]Ng g;Sg] lgdvf . bz{s lj) x]L dfq xg] s]xL g
] ldt] . d"uf gf)x]) duf .

s6; d;  ] s6; .  f] (;+)) d;" P] slnnf kft ePsf] dl;gf d;  ] lj) [d; dl;gf
g] . ~ cr{n ] gf) ;fgf] kf]yf | ] tyf dl;gf kft xg] sfnf bfgf kmNg], crf vfOg] Ps
hftsf] cr{n] d;]cr{n] . ~ s6; gf) d;L s6; . ~ Rofp gf) vfg xg] Ps k|sfsf] Rofp
. d;  f]! gf) [;+) d;"] df;sf 5fF6sf] t ftf] bfgf v}f] af]qmf] xg] bfnljz]if d;
;f] . d;  f]@ gf) [dhf] < ;+) d~hL] != slnnf] kft dl;gf] kft dhf] . @= kzhf
f; uL 3f]8fsf] klxn] cfpg] bfFtsf] sf]yf] . d;n  L gf) dl;gf nfDrf u]8f xg] Ps
k|sfsf] wfg jf rfdn . d; ] lj) [d;f] P] != d;f] ePsf] of d;f] cfPsf] . @= d;f]h
:tf] . #= ;fgf ufF7Lsf] . :qL) d;L . ~ cr{n ] gf) x]) d;] cr{n] . ~ vL gf) b"af]s
f h:tf kft xg] v}f] afnf xg] tyf 3fF; ;f]t agfOg] Ps hftsf] vljz]if . ~ v?sL gf)
fFVnf ftf] xg] a:tefpn] Tolt dg gkfpg] Ps yL 3fF; ;fgf] vfnsf] v?sL . ~ 3f6L gf)
b} ;fgf] 3fF6L emLgf] 3fF6L . ~ yfkf gf) u]xG ] b|zdz]sf ;xof]uL j}1flgs . ~ bft gf)
a'9; ] sfndf klxn]sf bfFt k'mSn] km]l cfPsf bfFt . ~ kfnL gf) ;fgf] kl5 ufFl;Psf] c
sf]{ kfnL . d';f] gf) [;+) d"ifs] != b'nf]leq a:g], n'ufkmf6f], sfuhkq cflb sf6\g
], cGg cflb df;' klg vfg], Hofb} rgfvf] rfv'] hGt' wfgrL d"ifs d";f] . @= dflg;sf x
'flt lg:sg] df;'sf] ;fgf] ;fx|f] 8Nnf] jf kmf]sf] . d':sfpg' c) lqm) k|foM bfFt gb]
lvg] uL d';'Ss xfF:g' . d':sfg gf) [d':sfpcfg] dGb xF;fO d':sfpg] sfd d':sfx6 d':
l:sn lj) [c)] sl7g b'M;fWo b'is b'af]{w cK7ff] ;fx|f] ufx|f] . d':s'fO gf) [ d
sfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d':s'fOg' c) lqm) d';'Ss xfFl;g' . d':s'fpg c)
) [;+) l:dts[ cfp g] d;S  s xfF:g d:sfg 5f8\g . > d:sfx6 gf) d:sfpg] efj, l:y
lqmof jf k|lqmof . d:Sofg gf) x]) d:sfg . d:tf gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] wjnflul c~rncG
tu{t pQL e]udf x]sf] Ps lhNnf . ~ lxdfn gf) d:tf lhNnfdf kg]{ @!,@$% lkm6 cUnf] Ps
lxdfn . d:t] gf) [k|mf)] Ps :yfg . ~ dfgj gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f k|mfG;sf] d:t] eGg] 7fp
df kfOPsf] dfgj lgo08:yn dfgj . ~ z}nL gf) k|fu}ltxfl;s kftjcg;f

d"7Ld"n d"7L gf)x]) d7L . d"9 lj) [;+)] != d"v{ dGbal4 h8 . @= df]lxt dUw . #= e|d
"0f{ e|fGt . ~ ue{ gf) d]sf] jf lau|]sf] ue{ . ~ al4dlt lj) d"v{ al4 ePsf] gf;dem
. > d"9fu|x gf) grflxFbf] cfu|x lh2L l9kL . d"9fTdf lj) d"9 d"v{ . d"9 ] lj) [d"9 P]
d9] . ~ an gf) x]) d9] an . d"q gf) [;+)] lk;fa d"t . s[R5 gf) f]lsO{f]lsO{ yf]
;fa xg] lk;fa ubf{ Hofb} bVg] Ps f]u d"qIf0f . h gf) olof gfO6f]hg dn . ~ gnL
f}n { faf6 d"qfzo;Dd hfg] Ps gnL d"qjfxL . ~ kLIf0f gf) f]ulj1fgsf cg;f k|of]uzfnfdf
lk;fa hfFRg] sfd . jfxL gf) d"qgnL . ;|fa gf) lk;fakm]fO dTg] sfd . ;|fjL gf)
sf] y}nLaf6 lk;fa aflx ofFSg] gnL . > d"qfzo gf) lk;fasf] y}nL . d"ql] Gb|o gf) k|f0
fLsf] lk;fa km]g]{ c\u (ln\u jf of]lg) . d"v { gf) [;+)] != ;fx|} sd al4 ePsf] jf
al4 g} gePsf] lgal{ 4 gf;dem a]askm d"9 . @= n]vk9 ug{ ghfGg] clzlIft ck9 . tfT
v{ xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf dVof{OF . ~ d08ndG8nL gf) d"v{xsf] hdft . ~ clwfh -d"vf{lwfh
gf) Ps gDasf] d"v{ l;Nk6 . d"R5{gf gf) [;+)] != ;\uLtsf ;ft} :jsf] cff]x cjf]x xg
sg} :jaf6 p7fg uL qmdzM :jxsf] ptf jf r9fj ug]{ k|lqmof . @= d"R5f{ . d"R5f{ gf) [;+
!= zf]s, eo, f]u cflbaf6 k|f0fLdf xg] lgZr]i6 cj:yf a]xf];L cr]tgtf . @= a]xf];L x
g] f]u 5f]f]u . ~ f]u gf) d"R5f{ xg] f]u 5f]f]u . > d"lR5{t lj) d"R5f{ k]sf]
]t . d"t{ lj) [;+)] != ef}lts kfly{j . @= k wf0f u]sf] zLwfL ;fsf d"lt{dfg\ . #
= ;+1fxLg dbf{ . tf gf) d"t{ xgfsf] efj, l:ylt jf cj:yf . ~ k gf) ;fsf jf k|ToIf
d"lt{ gf) [;+)] != k|f0fLsf] zL hLp . @= slNkt jf kDkfdfGo cfsfsf cgk :yfkgf ulP
]jLsf cfs[lt k|ltdf k|ltd"lt{ . #= ktnf . $= tl:a lrq 5fof . %= cgxf r]xf . ^= ;f
of;Lsf] uGtL ubf{ k|of]u xg] cfbjfrL zAb . &= jf:tsnf jf d"lt{snfdf c\un jf dfq
fsf] cf7 ugfafasf] gfk t"0fL, j; jf nf]safasf] gfkf] . ~ s08 gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfs
] pQ lbzfdf x]sf] z]ifzfoL gffo0f (a"9fgLns07) ;ts ] f] kf]vL . ~ k"hs lj) d"lt{ jf
k|ltdfsf] k"hfcffwgf ug]{ lxGb" wd{sf] cgofoL . ~ k"hf gf) d"lt{ jf k|ltdfdf b]j b]
jLsf] efjgf fv] k"hfcffwgf ug]{ sfd k|ltdfsf] k"hf . ~ e~hs lj) d"lt{x tf]8kmf]8 ug]{
jf efFRg]laufg]{ k|ltdf 66fpg]km6fpg] . dfg\ lj) != zLwfL d"lt{ jf
1030

k lnP b]vf k]sf] . @= ;fIfft\ k|ToIf . #= d"t{ . d"4{Go lj)x]) d"wG {o. d"4f{ gf) [;+
] x]) d"wf{ . { yfgL d"wG { o lj) [;+)] != d"wf{:yfgaf6 pRrlt xg] d"w: (b]jgfuL j0f
{dfnfsf C, , if tyf 6ju{sf j0f{) . @= d"wf{;u F ;DalGwt d"wf{;DaGwL . #= clt>]i7 ;j
f]Q { d k|dv  d"4G { o . ~ j0f{ gf) d"wf{:yfgaf6 pRrlt xg] cIf (C, if tyf 6ju{) .
> d"wG { oLejg gf) l5d]sL d"wG { o Wjlgsf] k|efj jf cGo d"wG { o:yfgdf kljt{g xg]
k|lqmof (h:tf] bfxf > 8fxf, kQg > kg > kf6g cflb) . {o. d"w{:yfgL lj) [;+)] x]) d"
wG d"wf{ gf) [;+)] != lz 6fpsf] d:ts . @= dvleqsf] s7f] tfn sf]dn tfnaLrsf] efu .
#= rrf] lzv . $= lzvf . %= g]tf . > d"wf{lelifSt lj) != j}lbs dGqsf] pRrf0fsf ;fy c
leif]s ulPsf] lzdf clelifSt . gf) @= fhf . #= Iflqo . d"wf{leif]s gf) fHoff]x0f ubf{
;dodf fhfdxffhfxnfO{ dGqf]Rrf0fsf ;fy ulg] cleif]s . d"n gf) [;+)] != vkft, nxf],
a?jf cflbsf] hldgdlg xg] v08 jf efu hf] h8 . @= t?n, Eofs, lkF8fn, d"nf cflbsf] hld
dlg kmNg] j:t jf sGb . #= k}bf ePsf] 7fpF cfDe xg] 7fpF dxfg . $= af]6la?jfsf]
7Ls hldgdfly x]sf] efu km]b . %= ;QfO; gIfqdWo] Ps gIfq . lj) ^= ;jf]{Qd ;j{>]i7 .
&= k|wfg k|dv dVo (d"n sfo{, d"n st{Jo O)) . ~ cf]5fg gf) cu]gfg]sf] cf]5fg dVo c
g . > d"ns lj) != sg} gfdjfrs zAbsf kl5lNt hf]l8O{ pTklQsf] sf0f hgfpg] jf To;af6 pT
kGg ePsf] eGg] cy{ lbg] ljz]if0faf]ws zAb (lj1fgd"ns, hLjgd"ns O)) . @= d"nf . #
= t?n, Eofs cflb vfg xg] sGb . ~ sfhL gf) rf sfhLdWo] dVo sfhL . sf gf) d"nu|Gysf
tf jf n]vs d"n kf7sf lgdf{tf . sflsf gf) ;"qfTds u|Gysf] qmda4 ljj[lQ . vs] { gf) j
ff{ofddf pd|g] Ps emf lrTnf] v;f{g] . ~ u|Gy gf) u|Gysf :jo+ff lrt d"n s[lt jf r
;"qu|Gy . ~ 3 gf) snsf] a"9f]kfgf] 3 j+zsf] h]7f] dflg; a;]sf] 3 . ~ rfg gf) hldg
dlgsf] ;aeGbf tNnf] efudf ;lIft x]sf] s8f rfg k|flDes rfg . ~ rf]s gf) != dVo rf]s
@= eQmk bafsf] Ps k|l;4 rf]s . R5]bR5]bg gf) h};d]t pv]]n] df:g] sfd ;d"n gfz k
. ~ hf] gf) aLr jf sndLaf6 cfpg] vsf] ;Lw} tNnf]kl hfg], klxnf] dVo hf] . ~ 9f]sf
) 3leq cfjthfjt ug{ flvPsf] dVo b}nf] d"nf . tM lqm) lj) != d"n kdf vf;df dVot
ydtM ;?df . ~ tj gf) != cfwfe"t

1031

d"nfd[uf\s gf) d"No tf]Sg] cflwsfls ;ldlt . jfg\ lj) w]} df]n kg]{ axd"No bfdL l
xLg lj) sg} d"No g} gePsf] ljgfd"Nosf] dxjxLg tR5 lgsDdf . x|f; gf) sg} rLhs
] sfd dxj 36\g] sfd . d"Nof\sg gf) [;+)] != sg} rgf, j:t jf dfn;fdfgsf] df]n cfFSg]
fd efp fVg] jf d"No tf]Sg] sfd . @= pkof]lutfsf cfwfdf ulg] dxj, ljz]iftf cflbsf] lgw
f{0f . #= kLIffyL{xsf] pQkq jf k|of]ufTds kLIffsf] c\sff :t to ug]{ sfd . $= sd{rf
, of]Uotf, ljlzi6tf cflbsf] tf}nfO . ~ zfvf gf) sg} sfof{nocGtu{t ;DalGwt ljifosf]
d"Nof\sg ug]{ sfdsf lglDt v8f ulPsf] zfvf . d"Nof\lst lj) [;+)] d"Nof\sg ulPsf] . d"
ofgkftL lj) [;+)] != dfn;fdfgsf] nfut jf kn . @= sg} dfnsf] df]ncg;f eG;f lgwf{lt u
] (s jf zNs) . d"ifs gf) [;+)] != d;f] . @= rf] (nfIfl0fs cy{df) . lj) #= 5Nofxf
7u . s0fL{ gf) d;fsfg] (ntf) . d"lifs gf) [;+)] d;f] . > d"lifsf gf) != ;fgf] d;
f] d;f] . gf) @= d;fsfg] . d";f] gf)x]) d;f] . d[u gf) [;+)] != Ps k|l;4 rf}kfof
jGo hGt ldu{ xl0f . @= d[ulzf gIfq . #= dsflz . $= Ps hftsf] xfQL . %= sfdzf:qcg;f
f k|sfsf k?ifdWo] lrlq0fL :qLsf lglDt pkoSt dflgg] bf];|f] k?if . ^= rGb|dfsf]
bfu . rd{ gf) cf;gL xg] ldu{sf] 5fnf . t[i0ff gf) udL{ofddf s8f 3fd nfUbf d?e"ld
jf anf}6] hldgdf 6f9f st} b]lvg] kfgLsf] ldYof k|tLlt d[udLlrsf hne|d . gogfgogL lj)
d[usf h:tf nfDrf afGsL k]sf rnan] cfFvf ePsL (:qL) . gfle gf) d[usf] gfO6f] s:t"L
agf d[udb . db gf) s:t"L d[ugfle . dLlrsf gf) d[ut[i0ff e|flGt . dft[sf gf) !
g] l; gxg] Ps hftsf] d[usf] kf]yL . @= s:t"L d[usf] kf]yL . d[uof gf) [;+)] jGohG
tnfO{ k5fpFb} dfg]{ sfd l;sf cfv]6 . d[ufh gf) [;+)] != l;+x . @= af3 . d[u nf~5g g
[;+)] rGb|df . d[unf]rgfd[unf]rgL lj) [;+)] d[usf ;dfg ;Gb cfFvf ePsL d[ugogL . d[u
lzf gf) [;+)] tLg tffsf] k~h ePsf] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] kfFrf}r F flxF gIfq d[uzLif{ . d[
uzLif{ gf) [;+)] != d[ulzf gIfq . @= dfu{zLif{ df; . d[ufIfL lj) [;+)] d[ugogL d[unf
]rgL . d[uf\s gf) [;+)] != rGb|df . @= sk" . #= xfjf .

dVo l;4fGt s]Gb|Lo b[li6sf]0f . @= d"n j:t dVo kbfy{ . #= sg} sfsf] lgdf{0fdf dVo
kn] pkof]u xg] tj jf kbfy{ . ~ yfd gf) 3 agfpFbf ;?df flvPsf] dem]Lsf F L ;fpF d
] yfd dVo yfd . ~ wg gf) dVo kh ;fjfF . wgL lj) != d"nwg nufpg] kh F Lklt . ~ w
ft gf) Jofs0fcg;f s[bGtJoTkflbt zAbdf ufFl;Psf k|ToonfO{ cnUofpFbf afFsL xg hfg]
jf ;f] JoTkflbt xge  Gbf k"j{sf] k k|flDes wftk (u\, eg\, k9\, x cflb) . ~ kf7 g
) u|Gysf :jo+ff lrt d"n efu . kfgL gf) d"naf6 lg:s]sf] kfgL cfkm}F pd|] au]sf] kfg
To:tf] kfgL ePsf] 7fpF . ~ k?if gf) != sg} j+z jf snsf] cflbk|jQ{s JolQm dVo k?if
. @= O{Zj . ~ kf]lxt gf) kf]lxtxdWo]sf dVo kf]lxt . ~ k|sl [ t gf) != ;ju0f,
 f tdf]u0  fsf] ;fDofj:yf lqu0fsf] lglj{sf l:ylt . @= ;+;fsf] cfBzlSt jf aLhzlQm
. ~ af6f] gf) != rf}8fO w]} ePsf] 7"nf] kmflsnf] af6f] fhdfu{ ;8s fhky . @= sg}
{ of]Uo jf cFufNgkg]{ hLjgsf] lglZrt af6f] jf k4lt . #= dVo p2]Zo d"n nIo . e"t
lj) k|dv cfwf jf tj;Fu ;DalGwt d"n cfwfk  cfwfe"t jf:tljs . ~ dGq gf) != dVorfl
|dv dGq . @= dVo fo;Nnfx . #= dVo sf] . ~ ljifo gf) != lzIffyL{ x sf nflu cWoogsf]
d V o If] q ag] s f] , ljlzi6Ls0fsf nflu k"jf{jZos kf7f+zxsf kdf k9fOg] P]lR5s If]q
leq kg]{ f]h]sf] kf7 ljifo . @= vf; jf k|dv  ljifo . ~ ;ldlt gf) sg} ;\3, ;+:yf cflb
sf vf; sfo{;Dkfbgsf lglDt klldt ;b:ox ePsf] Ps dVo ;ldlt sfo{sfL ;ldlt . ~ :yfg gf)
!= d"n ynf] kVof}n { L ynf] . @= sg} rLh ;j{k|yd k|fKt ePsf] 7fpF . d"nf gf) x]) d
nf . d"nfwf gf) [;+)] != x7of]usf cg;f if6\rqmdf klxnf] cyf{t\ ubf ln\usf] aLr e
f slNkt Ps rqm . @= d"n cfwf dVo cfwf . d"nL lj) x]) dnL . d"No gf) [;+)] != sg} df
;fdfg vlb ubf{ To;sf] abnfdf lbOg] wg jf k};f df]n bfd lsDdt . @= kn ktf{ ;fpF . #=
f jf JolQmsf] dlxdf . $= pkof]lutfsf] dfks tj dfg . ~ clej[l4 s gf) pkef]Qmfn] ltg]{
ck|ToIf s Eof6 . ~ tflnsf gf) ;sfff lgoGq0f ulPsf] ahfdf k|To]s dfn;fdfgsf] d"No
emG8fOg] ;"rL d"No;"rL . b]o gf) xnfs cflb sg} ;fwgff k7fOPsf] dfn;fdfg kfpg]n] k
g]nfO{ n]lvPadf]lhdsf] d"No rStf u]kl5 dfq kfpg ;lsg] j:t (eL) kL) kf;{n) . ~ l
gwf{0f gf) sg} j:tsf] ljqmo d"No lgwf{lt ug]{ sfd bfd tf]Sg] sfd efp sfod fVg] sfd
lgwf{0f ;ldlt

d[uf;gd] d[uf;g gf) [;+)] d[urd{sf] cf;gL k"hfcfhf ubf{ a:gsf nflu k|of]u xg] d[us
f] 5fnf . d[ufl;\uf gf) nfDrfnfDrf ;fgf 8fF7 ePsf] kft xg] Ps jg:klt . d[uL gf) [;
+)] != kf]yL d[u xl0fL . @= d"R5f{ kg]{ f]u 5f]f]u ck:df . d[uG ] b| gf) [;+)] !=
x . @= af3 . #= l;+xflz . d[8f gf) [;+)] kfj{tL uf}L . > d[8fgL gf) kfj{tL d[8f . d[0
fn gf) [;+)] sdn k"mnsf af]6sf] 8fF7 sdngLn sdntGt d[0fflnsf . > d[0fflnsf gf) d[0ff
n . d[0fflngL gf) != sdnsf] af]6 . @= sdnsf] ;d"x . #= sdn w]} kfOg] 7fpF . d[0ffn
L gf) sdnsf] 8fF7 sdngfn . d[0do lj) [;+)] df6}df6f]n] ag]sf] df6fsf] . ~ snf gf) d[l
Qsfsnf (;]fldS;) . d[0d"lt{ gf) [;+)] df6fn] agfOPsf] d"lt{ . d[t lj) [;+)] != ;f;
uPsf] d[To ePsf] k|f0fxLg . @= df0f jf e:d ullbPsf] (wft) . #= ultzLntf, pkof]lutf
, hLjgzlQm cflb s]xL gePsf] . ~ C0f gf) C0f c;n ug]{ sfggL Dofb gxgfn] c;n ug
{ g;lsg] C0f . s gf) != dbf{ nf; . lj) @= d]sf] d[t . ~ sd{ gf) d[ts JolQmsf] ;b\ul
sf lglDt ulg] kfnf}lss sfo{ cGTo]li6 . k|foM lj) ;f; dfq emlG8Psf] d]h:tf] d[ttN
t[s { f lj) != nf]Ug] d]sL ljwjf fF8L . gf) @= ljwjf :qL . ~ efiff gf) sg} ;dodf af]
] eP tfklg jt{dfg ;dodf gaf]lng] k|foM nKt eO;s]sf] efiff . ~ dft[s lj) 6xf] dft
[xLg . ~ ]vf gf) To;eGbf kl5sf] sfo{;Dkfbg ug{ g;lsg] jf gldNg] cfjlws ;LdfGt ljGb
 (8]8nfOg) . ~ jT;f lj) != afnaRrf d] lgM;Gtfg ePsL (:qL)) . @= hGd]sf afR5fafR5L
gafFRg] (ufO{) . d[t ;~hLjgL lj) [;+)] != d]sfnfO{ jf dg{ nfu]sfnfO{ arfpg] (dGq j
f cf}ifwL) . gf) @= dbf{nfO{ klg lapFtfpg] egL k|l;4 ljBf jf a6L . #= w]} kf}li
6ssf kdf lnOg] cf;j jf ;f . d[t ;"rs gf) [;+)] d[tssf ;uf]qL jf gft]bfnfO{ lglZrt c
jlw;Dd nfUg] cfzf}r d0ffzf}r . d[t:gfg gf) [;+)] cfzf}r nfUg] gft]bf dbf{ zl4sf nfl
u ulg] :gfg vNsf] . d[tfTdf gf) [;+)] != d]sf k|f0fLxsf] cfTdf k|t ] fTdf . lj) @= x
L xfPsf] pT;fx, hfFu, xf};nf cflb dl;s]sf] (JolQm) . d[tfzf}r gf) [;+)] d[tssf] ;"ts
ffzf}r . d[tfl:y gf) [;+)] != dbf{sf] xf8 c:t . @= zLsf] sfd gnfUg] xf8 . d[lt gf)
[;+)] d[To d0f .
1032

d[lQsf gf) [;+)] != df6f] dL . ~ snf gf) df6faf6 efF8fs8 F f cflb agfpg] snf jf ;Lk d
0dosnf . ~ t\u gf) c;n vfnsf] df6fsf] ljleGg cfsfsf kftnf 6qmfxnfO{ cfuf]df kf]nL to
f kflPsf] hnt\uh:t} afhf . (of] afhf ;\uLtlzf]dl0f o1fh zdf{ff lgdf{0f ulPsf] xf]
afhf g]) f) k|) k|) df rfn" 5) . kq gf) v]tLsdfO ug]{ JolSt v]tLjfn df6Lsf]] ls;f
ifs . d[To gf) [;+)] != b]xfj;fg lgwg d0f . @= odfh sfn . #= a|Xdf . $= lji0f . %=
fof . ^= sln . &= sfdb]j . s lj) != d[To ufpg] dfs . gf) @= sg} JolQm dbf{ To;sf ;
Qdf nfUg] ;sfL zNs jf s . #= dbf{ hnfpgsf nflu nfUg] b:t . ~ sfn gf) k|f0f lg:sg]
a]nf d0fsf] ;do . > d[To~ho lj) != d[TonfO{ lhTg] . gf) @= lzj . #= csfnd[Tosf]
lgjf0f ug]{ lzjsf] :tf]q jf dGq . b08 gf) Hofg;hfo k|f0fb08 . ~ b gf) hg;\Vofsf] cf
df xg] d[Tosf] k|ltzt cfgkflts d[Toqmd . kfz gf) d[Tosf] kf;f] sfnsf] kmGbf .
~ nf]s gf) != dTo{nf]s e"nf]s . @= odnf]s . ~ zof gf) dg]{ cj:yfsf] zof d0ff;Gg cj:y
. ~ zNs gf) != dbf{ hnfpgsf nflu lnOg] zNs . @= sg} JolQm dbf{ To;sf] ;DklQdf
nfUg] ;sfL b:t . d[lT;stfZd gf) [;+)] e"ue{zf:qcg;f df6f] afnjf hd] ag]sf] 9\u
d[b\u gf) [;+)] != 5fnf df]8] agfOPsf] 9f]nsh:tf] Ps k|sfsf] tfnafhf . @= afF; . > d
[b\uL lj) d[b\u ahfpg] (JolQm) . d[b lj) [;+)] != sf]dn dnfod gd sdnf] ;sdf .
lPsf] dw (:j) . #= lgwf]{ sdhf] ba{n . $= ;:t dGb (ult) . tf gf) d[b xgfsf]
j:yf sf]dntf ld7f; . ~ efifL lj) dL7f] af]Ng] ldi7efifL dwefifL . d[bn  lj) [;+)]
sf]dn d[b . @= ;sdf . #= pbf bofn . tf gf) d[bn  xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;f}sd
. d[L gf) [;+)] != c\usf] emKkf b|fIff . @= ;sdf c\u ePsL :qL . kfs gf) klxn
kl5 dw :jfb ePsf] sfJorgf . d[Gdo lj) [;+)] != df6f] ePsf] df6fsf] . @= df6fn] ag]
sf] d[0do . d[iff lj) [;+)] != c;To e"m6f] ldYof . lqm) lj) @= lagl;lQ Joy{df ljgfsf
. d] gf) [;+)] u|u ] f]L kfqf]cg;f jif{sf] kfFrf}F dlxgf clk|n hgsf aLrsf] dlxgf d
{ .

1033

d]sckd]yL sfd . @= sf];n ] L ;f}uft . #= cltlyxnfO{ vjfpg] ljlzi6 ef]hsf] cfof]hgf

. d]h gf) [c\)] != dVo k|wfg h\uL jf ;}lgs ;]jftkm{ sKtfgeGbf dfly n]l6g]G6 s0f]
f dlgsf] aLrsf] ;}lgs bhf{ ;]gfgL . ~ sKtfg gf) sKtfgdflysf] ;}lgs bhf{ d]h ;]gfgL .
~ hgn gf) la|u]l8o hgneGbf dflysf] ;}lgs clwsfL pkyL . ~ ;ab ] f gf) ;ab ] feG
]s]G8 n]l6g]G6eGbf tnsf] Ps h\uL bhf{ k|dv ;a]bf . d]hf] gf) cfdbfgLvr{sf] afaL .
\g ;) lqm) [k|f) d]6 g] != bfu, lrXg, cIf, lrq cflb 3f]6] jf k5] x6fpg gfd]6 kfg
@= cIf jf lrqnfO{ snd jf srLn] gb]lvg] uL k5\g s]d]6 ug{ s]g{ . #= ldNsfpg of
mfNg . $= ef]s, Kof; cflb x6fpg t[Kt ug{ . %= cl:tTjsf] nf]k ug{ ;vfk kfg{ .
> d]6 gf) d]6g \ ] sfd jf k|lqmof . d]6df6 gf) != h]h;L eP klg d]6g \ ] sfd k5kf5 .
@= l5gfkmfgf . d]6fO gf) d]6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . d]6fOg s) lqm) d]6g \ jf
k5\g nfOg . d]6fpg k|) ] lqm) d]6g \ nfpg d]6g \ ] kfg{ . d]6fd]6 gf) k/:k/df
Pscsf{n] d]6g \ ] sfd . d]l6g s) lqm) d]6\g] sfd ulg kl5g s]lg . d]6L gf) ;dflK
\ ofO (;Lldt zAbdf hf]l8P dfq k|oQ  m, h:tf] dld]6L, dfLd]6L cflb) . d]6f] gf) [d]6
\ cf]] afFsL x]sf] sfdsf] efu . ~ dffO gf) ar]sf sfdnfO{ k"f ug]{ lqmof afFsL sfdsf]
tfO . d]7! gf) [c\) d]6] sfdbf, HofdLxnfO{ sfd nufpg] gfOs] HofdLsf] gfOs] . d]7@ g
[ d]v] 3df yfddfly lgbfndlg xg] sf7sf] 7]psf] . d]7# gf) [;+)] db];sf gofF kmF8gL jf
emf]fdf hldgbf;xsf] dfg jf bhf{ . aGbL gf) != ljleGg sdsf vr{sf] kmfF6 . @= d]7 hUu
sf] ;fFw, l;dfgf jf To:tf] hUufsf] lsNnfsf]xnf uL n]lvPsf] drNsf sfut . > d]7f\u
L gf) d]7n] ug]{ sfd d]7sf] sfd jf kb . d]l8sn lj) [c\)] cf}ifwL;DaGwL lrlsT;f;DaGwL
. ~ sfplG;n gf) lrlsT;sxsf] ;\u7g lrlsT;s;\3 . d]8;f gf) ;db|L lsgfsf] ynyndf a:g]
5f] . d]9fz[u \ L gf) [;+)] af6nf, 7"n7"nf kft xg], ftf k"mn kmNg] nfdfnfdf kmn
xg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] kmn d]ifz[u \ L. d]9f] gf) [;+) d]9] aln lbOg] kz alnsf lgl
Dt 5fOPsf] af]sf] cflb . d]yL gf) [;+) d]ly] s]fpsf h:tf kft xg], ;]tf k"mn kmNg]
, dl;gf kx]Fnf bfgf xg] tLtf] Ps lsl;dsf] ;fu jf To;sf bfgf d]lysf . ~ hfpnf] gf)
d]yLn] emfg]sf] hfpnf]

d]sck gf) [c\)] != db0 | fsnfdf sDkf]h ePsf] Dof6nfO{ lgb]l{ zt cfsfdf kl0ft uL ldnf
g] sfd . @= \ud~r, k|bz{g ;f}Gbo{sf nflu zLsf c\uc\udf ulg] k|;fwg jf f[\uf . d
dIf] 3dG8 ths cledfg . d]v@ gf) [kmf)] bO{ lgbfnsf aLrsf] hf]gL{df 7f]lsg] sLnf
] sLnf] . d]vnf gf) [;+)] != sDddf afFWg] sGwgL sf~rL . @= kj{tsf] dWo efu . #= sg} j
:tsf] dWo efunfO{ rf}ltaf6 a]g]{ 8f]L wfuf] z[\nf ;f\nL . $= gd{bf gbL . %= ;fw;G
xn] nufpg] 3fF6Lb]lv 38 F fdlg;Dd cfpg] nfdf] Ps;f] j:q cnvf . > d]vnL gf) != fO{ hf
ltsf :qLxn] nufpg] 3fF6Lb]lv 3F8f;Dd 9fSg] nfdf] Ps k|sfsf] ;]tf] j:q . lj) @= d]
vnf nfpg] (JolQm) . d]ulhg gf) [c\)] != tf]k, aGbs, uf]nLuf cflb n8fOFsf ;fdfgx agf
pg] jf fVg] 7fpF . @= hu]8fsf kdf uf]nL eL fVg fOkmndf hl8Psf] afsf cfsfsf] cjoj . @
qklqsf . d]3 gf) [;+)] != cfsfzdf hDdf ePsf] hns0f afbn d]xf] . @= slxf] . #= Ps af:g
bf 3fF; df]y] . $= yk|f] ;d"x f; . %= ;\uLtzf:qsf cg;f ufGwf w}jt :j jlh{t eO{
j sf]dn xg] k|foM flqsf] rf}yf] k|x jiff{ofddf x;do ufpg xg] cf}8j hfltsf] Ps fu
sfn gf) jiff{Ct . gfb gf) != afbnsf] u8u8fx6 d]3sf] uh{g . @= j?0f . #= fj0fsf] 5f]
OGb|lht\ . dfnf gf) afbnsf] tfFtL . fh gf) OGb| . > d]3fud gf) != jiff{ofdsf] yfng
. @= jiff{ Ct . d]3fR5Gg lj) afbn 8Dd nfu]sf] afbnn] 9fs]sf] . d]3f8Da gf) d]3sf]
uh{g . d]3fno gf) k"j{lt x]sf] eftsf] Pp6f fHo . d]r gf) [kmf) dh] sf7 jf wftsf] rf
c8];f];d]t ePsf] s]xL cUnf] a:g] ;fwg s;L{ . d]rs lj) [;+)] != uf9f gLnf] s[i0fj0f{
sf] Zofdn . @= cGwsf cFWoff] . gf) #= sfnf] j0f{ Zofdn j0f{ . $= afbn . $= w"jfF . a
Llx gf) sfnf] a8xL wfg . d]rL gf) [;+) d]rs O{] g]kfn clwfHosf] k"jL{ l;dfgfdf aUg] Ps
k|l;4 gbL . ~ c~rn gf) d]rL gbLsf] gfdaf6 gfds0f ePsf] tfKn]h, kfFry, Onfd emfkf l
hNnf ePsf] Ps c~rn . d]r ] gf) [d]rL P] d]rL c~rncGtu{t emfkf lhNnfdf a:g] Ps hflt
. ~ sf]r ] gf) d]r] To:t} sf]r] hfltsf] ju{ . d]5 ] gf) h\uL kf];fssf] a]N6df lslr 3
;flg] 7fpF . d]hdfg gf) [kmf) d]hafg] != kfxgfkf5fsf] :jfut;Tsf ug]{ JolQm . @= c
ltlysf kdf ljlzi6 JolQmnfO{ af]nfP ef]hg ufpg] JolQm d]hafg . > d]hdfgL gf) != d]hdfg
sf]

d]bd]nf}r F L d]yL xfn] agfOPsf] kYo eft . d]b gf) [;+)] != af];f] . @= ljz]if k|sfs
f] Ps j0f{;\s hflt . #= Ps gfufIf; . sf]if gf) ut lkQ] y}nLdf kfOg] af];f]sf] tn
n]:6]n) . ;f gf) cfg} ljz]if k|0ffnL ePsf] kfbz{s zfLls b|j . > d]b:jL lj) != df]
nf] :y"nsfo . @= x[i6ki6 xfsf . d]bf gf) [;+)] cbjfsf h:tf sGb kft xg] Ps a6L jf
To;}sf] sGb . d]bflul gf) [;+)] kgg{jfsf h:tf t ;;fgf kft xg], dl;gf gLnf k"mn k
mNg] hfrflxF ftf xg], cfoj4{s dflgg] Ps a6L a|fXdL 3f]8tfk|] . d]lbgL gf) [;+)] !
k[YjL wtL wtL{ . @= ;+:s[t efiffsf] Ps zAbsf]z . d]bL gf) kfg} hfaf6 pld|Psf] rf}yf
;fnsf] afnL . d]w gf) [;+)] != xjg xf]d o1 . @= o1df aln r9fOg] kz o1Lo kz . d]wf
gf) [;+)] != sf ag] ;lDemxg] zlQm wf0ffTds zlQm . @= tLj| al4 k|1f . #= o1 . $=
f] Ps k . jfg\ lj) d]wf ePsf] al4dfg\ d]wfjL . d]wfjL lj) [;+)] al4 ePsf] d]wfjfg
~ dfgj gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f k|frLg ;dosf] klxnf] al4dfg\ dflg; d:t] dfgj lgoG8yn dfg
d]Wo lj) [;+)] != o1sf nflu pkoSt . @= o1;DaGwL o1Lo . #= d]wfj4{s ljz4 rf]vf] .
gf) $= af]sf] . %= hf} . ^= vosf] v . jfg gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f r]tgfoSt dflg;h:tf] af
gu0fdWo] Ps ckR5VoftrtisdWo] Ps . d]gsf gf) [;+)] != zsGtnfnfO{ hGd lbg] Ps cK;f .
@= lxdfnosL kTgL . d]g  gf) [c\)] ]:6fF, xf]6n, Sofkm] cflbdf vfB kbfy{sf gfd d"No
sf] ljj0f n]lvPsf] kq . d]gh ] gf) [c\)] Joj:yfks k|aGws . > d]g]hL gf) d]g]hsf] s
kb . d]G8f]lng gf) [k|mf)] rf jf kfFr hf]8L tf xg], ulxf] uf]nf] tDaf xg] hafn]
ahfOg] Ps jfBoGq . d]d gf) [c\) Dof8d] kfZrfTo b]zsf ;Eo :qL c\uh ]| gfL d]d;fx]a . d
df] gf) [c\) d]df]]G8d] sg} sfdsfsf af]df ePsf sfafO{ :ki6 ug{sf lglDt n]lvg] ;Demg
fkq tflstf . d]Da gf) [c\)] ;\3, ;+:yf cflbsf] ;b:o ;ef;b\ . d]o gf) [c\)] gukfln
gukflnsfsf] lgjf{lrt cWoIf gulktf . d]L af:;} lj) af]) d]L cfDd} cfDd} lg . (pbf) d
1034

ltdLnfO{ kN6afhL vfFbf dof} eG7fg]sf], d]Laf:;} wGo afFRof} ) . d]? gf) [;+)] != k
0fdf jl0f{t Ps kj{t ;d? ] kj{t . @= hkdfnfsf] bO{ 5]p hf]8L To;df plgPsf] bfgf ;
d]? . #= xfsf aLrsf] dl0f . $= lksf] 8f]L c8fpg] sf7 . %= d]?b08 w|j . b08 gf) !=
{gb]lv ubf;Dd uPsf] lkl7pFsf aLrsf] 7f8f] xf8 k[i7j+z . @= e"uf]nsf cg;f k[YjLsf]
blIf0fL w|jb]lv pQL w|j;Dd uPsf] ;f]emf] slNkt ]vf . k[i7 gf) cfsfz . d]f] lj) [d
!= d zAbsf] ifi7L ljelQmsf] Psjrg . @= cfgf] . d]n! gf) [;+)] != k:k e]6g \ ] sfd l
k ;dfud . @= cfk;sf] ;b\efjgf ldqtf d}qL . #= ld>0f ldnfj6 . $= ;dfh ;ef . %= 9\u 5f
. ^= k|sf tlsf . &= k|]d k|Llt . &= ;\uLtzf:qdf Ps k|sfsf] yf6 . d]n@ gf) [c\)] !=
ljtlt ulg] lr7L, kf;{n cflb 8fFs . @= xnfsJoj:yf xnfsL j:t cf];fg]{ oftfoftsf]
;fwg 8fFsuf8L . ~ uf8L gf) 8fFsuf8L d]n . d]nhf]n gf) [;+) d]n (l))] d]nldnfk ldnhn
d]ng gf) [;+)] != ldnfpg] jf ld;fpg] sfd ldnfj6 ld>0f . @= e]63f6 ldng . d]nAofu gf)
[c\) d]n Aofu] 8fFssf] y}nL lr7Lkq cflb xfNg] y}nf] . d]nDrL gf)x]) d]nf}FrL . d]nld
nfk gf) [d]n ldnfk] k:kdf fd|f] ;DaGw jf d}qL xg] sfd ldnhn d]nhf]n . d]nzfvf gf)
]n ;+) zfvf] d]n jf 8fFs;DaGwL sfd ug]{ zfvf . d]nf gf) [;+)] != cfk;sf] ;dfud e]6 ld
ng . @= ;ef ;dfh . #= ofqf, pT;j, tLy{:yn cflbdf xg] dflg;xsf] hd36 . $= ;df{ .
%= v]tLsf] sfd d]nf] . ^= vf; cj;df nfUg] ahf 7"nf] xf6 . &= eL8 3OFrf] . *= :ju|fd
(= Ps af]6ljz]if . !)= uf}rg . !!= w]} hgf ldn] ulg] cfcfgf] sfd . d]nfks lj) [;+)]
]n ufpg] ldnfpg] . d]nfkft gf) [d]nf kfq] v]tafLdf w]} hgf ldn] ulg] sfdsfh . d]nf ;
gf) [d]nf ;Ghf]u] a]nfdf}sf sfstfnL . d]nf] gf) [d]nf cf]] != sfdsf] l;nl;nf d];f] . @=
v]tLkftLsf] sfd . #= Pp6f sfdbfn] lbgedf ug{ ;Sg] sfd . d];f] gf) sfdsf] ; jf l;nl;
nf . d]nf}r L gf) [ef]) a)] l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnfdf kg]{ OGb|fjtLsf] Ps d'Vo ;xfos g
bL d]nDrL . ~ of
gf) ;f]xL :yfgdf kg]{ af}4dfuL{ nfdfxsf] Ps of
jf b]j:yn . ~ vfg]kf

1035

d]jfd}g d}tfn' lj) [dfOtcfn'] != dfOt w]} a:g] (:qL) . @= ljjfxpkfGt klxnf]kN6 b'nxLn
] dfOtdf n}hfg] (ljleGg klsf) . #= kltnfO{ 5f]8L dfOt}df a;f]af; ug]{ (:qL) . $= k
ltsf] 3/af6 dfOtdf cfPsL (:qL) . ~ d}of gf) w]} lbg dfOt a;]sL b'nxL . d}q lj) [;+)]
ldq;Fu ;DalGwt ldqsf] . d}qL gf) [;+)] cfk;df x'g] ldqefj ldqtf bf]:tL . k"0f{ lj)
dqtfsf] efjgfn] elPsf] . ~ ;
\3 gf) b'O{ b]zsf aLr cfk;L ;xof]u tyf 3lgi7tf a9fpg] p
2]Zon] :yflkt ulg] ;
\3 (h:tf] g]kfneft d}qL;
\3, g]kfn rLg d}qL;\3 cflb) . d}qo ] g
+)] != Ps eljiot\ a4 . @= ;"o{ . #= Ps Clif . lj) %= ldq jf ;fyL;Fu ;DaGw fVg] .
d}lyn lj) [;+)] != ldlynf b]z;DaGwL ldlynf b]zsf lgjf;L . gf) @= ldlynfsf fhf hgs
. > d}lynL gf) != ldlynf b]zsf] efiff . @= ;Ltf . d}yg  gf) [;+)] != :qLk?ifsf]
of}g;dfud ltqmL8f ;Def]u :qLk|;\u . @= ljjfx . #= ldnfk . $= hf]8L oun . > d}ylgs
) != d}yg  ug]{ . @= d}yg  ;DaGwL . d}yg  L lj) d}yg ug]{ . d}bn gf) [;+) dbgk
mn] nfdf sfF8f xg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] v . > d}bn] gf) d}bn kfOg] jf d}bnsf v ePsf] 7f
pF . d}bf gf) [kmf) d}b] != dl;gf] kL7f] r"0f{ lki6 cfF6f . lj) @= ldxL dl;gf] ldlxg
d}bfg gf) [kmf)] != vnf kmflsnf] ;dy e"efu rp kmfF6 . @= tfO{ . #= v]n, k]8 cfl
agfOPsf] ;dtn 6Fl8v]n . #= cvf8f . $= lb;flk;fa ug]{ 7fpF . %= Jofks (pvfg Ps sfg
, bO{ sfg d}bfg) . d}bfn gf) sfF8s } fF8f ePsf] gf;kftLsf h:tf kft xg] Ps j[If 8
Dkm . d}bLtfn gf) sf:sL lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 tfn . d}g gf) [;+) dbg] != df}Lsf] rfs
faf6 dx lgsfln;s]kl5 ar]sf] gd, lrNnf] kx]n F f] kbfy{ df}Lsf] lanfpgL dOg . @= d6Lt
]n tof ubf{ lg:sg] lrNnf] kbfy{af6 agfOg], aUg] kUng] gd j:t . #= leh]sf] sf] s6Llk
wL ;fx|} dl;g jf gd kflPsf] j:t . ~ sk8f gf) j}1flgs k|lqmofaf6 5fnfh:tf] agfOPsf
], kfgL gl5g]{ Ps k|sfsf] sk8f (]lS;g) . ~ s gf) pBf]usf kdf df}L kfNbf jf eLdf}Lsf
sf9\bf dxsf] pTkfbg u]afkt ltlg] ltf] . ~ kmn gf) km;|f sf kft xg,] kx]n F f] k"mn
mNg], sfF8fbf Ps af]6 To;}df kmNg], cf}ifwLdf k|of]u ulg] tyf tsfL vfOg], cf]vh:tf]
Ps kmn d}bn d}gu]8L dbgkmn . ~ aQL gf) d}gaf6 tof kflPsf] aLrdf

of]hgf gf) sf7df8f}s F f] kfgLsf] dfu k"lt{ ug]{ 7"nf] of]hgf . d]jf gf) [kmf) d]j
] != d;nfsf kdf vfOg] sfh, dgSsf, abfd cflb ;Svf kmn . @= k|foM xfFuf gnfUg] a
f]6df cFl8sf h:tf kft xg], sfnf laofF ePsf 7"nf nfDrf kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf To;s}
kmn klktf . ~ ldi6fGg gf) kmnk"mn, ld7fO{ cflb klsf . d]lzg gf)x]) d]l;g . d]if gf)
;+)] != e]8f] . @= afx| flzdWo] Ps d]if flz . z[\u gf) != d]9fz[\uL . @= e]8fsf] l;
;\qmflGt gf) j}zfv dlxgfdf nfUg] ;\qmflGt a};fv] ;u|ft F L. d]l;g gf) [c\)] != oGq
dl;g . @= nuf l;pg] ;fwg d]lzg . ug gf) oGqhl8t aGbs l56f]l56f] uf]nL rNg] aGbs
. > d]l;gL gf) != sg} snsfvfgfdf ePsf oGqxsf] ;dbfo snkhf{ . @= sfo{;~rfng ug]{ c\
To\usf] ;d"x . d];  gf) afF;sf] 6;f] vfFb] cldNofOPsf] crf jf vfB kbfy{ tfdf . d];f
] gf) != sfdsf] l;nl;nf sfo{qmd . @= x:o e]p . d]x gf) [;+)] != lk;fa d"t . @= k|d]x
d]xQ gf) [kmf)] kmf]xf]d}nf ;kmf ug]{ sfd lnPsf] JolQm slrsf kf]8] Rofd] d]xt .
[;+) d]GwL] ;;fgf nfDrf kft xg], ;fgf k"mn kmNg] ;fgf ftf u]8f kmNg], k|foM :qL
hfltn] xftvf Fufpg k|of]u ug]{ Ps af]6 jf To;sf kftsf] emf]n t}l0fL d]GwL . d]xgt gf
[c) ldxgt] != kl>d ldlxg]t >d . @= k|of; sf]l;; pBf]u . > d]xgtfgf gf) ldlxg]t u]af
lbOg] Hofnf kfl>lds dhbL . d]xgtL lj) d]xgt ug]{ kl>dL . d]xdfg gf) [kmf)] != cltl
gf cfuGts cEofut . @= vfgkfgsf nflu af]nfOPsf] JolQm ef]hdf lgDTofOPsf] JolQm . >
d]xdfgL gf) != d]xdfg xg] lqmof jf cj:yf . @= ef]h . d]xafg lj) [kmf) d]xafg] bofn
 s[kfn . > d]xafgL gf) s[kf bof lgufx . d]xf] gf) [;+) d]3] != afbnsf] k\lSt d]3
@= a;]s { f] kfgLsf] emf]Ssf . d]xn] gf) Ps k|sfsf] h\unL hgfj . d]x ] L gf) [d]x]f]
qmd}df cfPsf] kfnf] . 5f]kfO gf) df}sfcg;f sfd ug]{ lqmof . d}uf7f] gf) [DjfOFufF7f
] wfuf] jf 8f]Lsf b'O{ 5]p hf]N6fP kflPsf] ufF7f] ;'sf{pgL gkfL agfOPsf] ufF7f] . d}e
ff] gf) [;+) dfh{g] sfdsf] ;dflKt 6'
U \ ofpgL . ljk) v]jff .

d}gl;ndf]6f] jfkf nfdf] wfuf] xfnL 8f]nf] kflPsf] aflng] aQL dOgaQL . F f] Ps vlgh b|
Jo d}gl;n gf) [;+) dgMlznf] xNsf kx]n g]kfnL lbJof}ifwL . d}gf gf) ;ff}Fh:tf] sfnf]
g], dflg;sf] emF} af]nL lgsfNg ;Sg], 3df lkFh8fdf fvL kflng] Ps k|l;4 rf] ;flsf . sf
af]nL gf) ;fx|} Koff] jf dL7f] af]nL . d}gfs gf) [;+)] k'f0fcg';f lxdfno d]gsfsf] 5
]f] dflgPsf] Ps kj{t . d}Gxf gf) x]) dlxgf . dfL lj) d}Gxf k"f x'b F f kfOg] jf e]l6
] (tna cflb) . jfL gf) dlxgfdfL . d}dQ lj) [;+) dbf]GdQ] cledfgn] k"0f{ dbdQ cx
\sf
dOdQ . > d}dQf lj) d}dQ cx
\sfL . d}of gf) [;+) dft[] != fhsGof fhsdfL d}ofF;fx]
LnfO{ :g]xk"j{s ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . ~ ;fx]a gf) d}ofFnfO{ cfbk"j{s ;Daf]
wg ulg] zAb d}ofF . d}L gf) ;fgf] xft] 3g sLnf cflb 7f]Sg] d'
\u|f] gFd'u (xfd) .
[;+)] Ps k|sfsf] dfbs k]o kbfy{ wo]Ffsf] k"mn, rfs, cdnf af]{af6 tof kflg] Ps k|sf
. d}f] gf) != dem]L l5F8L . @= rf}sf] . d}n gf)x]) don . d}nf gf) [d}ncf] != kmf]xf
u . @= lji7f u'x' . #= bfu wAaf . d}lng c) lqm) [d}nf] O g] != d}nf] xg dlng xg
xg kmf]xf] nfUg . @= 3;k; xg sftL xg l3l:6g bfu nfUg . d}nf] lj) [;+) dln
d}n ePsf] d}n nfu]sf] d}noQm . @= ;kmf;U3 gePsf] kmf]x . #= cFWoff] dlng . d}NofO
[ d}ln ( ofO)] != d}lng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [d}Nofp cfO] @= d}Nofpg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] d}NofOg s) lqm) d}nf] kflg . d}Nofpg ;) lqm) d}nf] kfg{ kmf]
xf] ug{ . df]Stf] gf) df]df]rf agfpg] efF8fsf] Ps v08 jf tx . df]If gf) [;+)] != h
Gdd[Tosf] rqmaf6 hLjn] 56sff kfpg] sfd dlQm s}jNo lgjf{0f . @= aGwgaf6 56g \ ] s
fd 56sff . #= d0f d[To . $= pb\wf . %= jf:tsnf jf d"lt{snfdf c\un jf dfqfafasf]
. bf lj) != df]If lbg] dQm ug]{ . gf) @= dfu{ zSn PsfbzL . df]unfg gf)x]) dunfg
. df]3 lj) [;+)] != Joy{ xg] v] hfg] lgy{s . @= lg?2]Zo lgik|of]hg . df]r! gf) [k|f
Rr] != em6\sf jf wSsf nfu] zLsf sg} efusf] hf]gL{sf] g;f otfptf xg] lqmof . @= ue{
df g} afns d] hGdg] jf hGdgf;fy dg]{ Ps f]u . #= afns
1036

;St} hfg] Ps f]u . df]r@ gf) [;+) d~h] aflaof]h:tf] kf6 lgsflng] Ps yL af]6 . df]
rg gf) [;+)] != si6 tyf afwfaGwg cflbaf6 56fpg] jf 56\g] sfd . @= x6fpg] sfd ck;
f0f . df]rfdf]rL gf) [df]rf] df]rf]] ;fgfltgf s]6fs]6L . df]rf] gf) [g]jf) drf] != s]
6f] l76f] . @= gf]s . df]Rofxf lj) [df]r ofxf] df]r f]u ePsf] xgu ] ]sf] (dflg; jf
F) . :qL) df]RofxL . df]h gf) [c) df}h] != ;v cfgGb ;f]v dHhf r}g df}h . @= dgsf] nx
xf};nf pd\u . ~ dHhf gf) dgdf]h df]h dHhf ;vr}g cfdf]bk|df]b . df]hf gf) [kmf) d
cf+lzs 56 . @= wgLnfO{ ulg] clejfbg . #= G8Lxn] a;La;L ufpg] k|lqmof . df]hf gf) [k
mf)] k}tfnfb]lv lkF8f}nfdlg;Dd 9fSg] uL uf]8fdf nufOg] j:q jf klxg . df]hL lj) [df]
h O{] df]h ug]{ cfgGbL d:t df}hL . df]6s gf) [;+)] >f4, tk{0f cflbdf k|of]u ulg], bf]A
|fP kljq agfOPsf] sz . df]6 gf) [c\)] != k]6f n ] , l8h]n, ljBtz \ lQm cflbaf6 pmhf{
k}bf eO{ rNg] oGq OlGhg rnfpg] dVo khf{ . @= To:tf] oGqaf6 ;~rflnt xg] ;jfL ;fw
g . ~ sf gf) df]6af6 ;~rflnt xg] ;ljwfoQm xNsf ;jfL ;fwg sf . vfgf gf) df]6 f
of]h . ~ uf8{ gf) df]6uf8Lxdf rSsfsf] 7Ls dfly xg] kmnfd] 9sgL . ~ ;fOsn gf) df]6 Ol
af6 rNg] bO{kf\u|] ;jfL df]6Aofs Eof6Eof6] . df]6fO gf) [ df]6fp ( cfO)] != df]6fpg
, lqmof jf k|lqmof . @= df]6f]kg . [ > ] df]6fOg c) lqm) != df]6f] xf]Og . @= w
gL algg . df]6fpg c) lqm) [df]6f] cfp g] != df]6f] xg kf]l6nf] xg x[i6ki6 xg
ynfpg df; nfUg . @= wgL xg ;DkGg xg . df]6fdf]6L lj) != fd|f; ] u F lgofNg]
sfd gePsf] ulxlP gx]lPsf] (lx;fa cflb) . @= dfdnL ;fwf0f ;fdfGo . #= kugku emG8
l6t j [;+)] != 3dSof{OPsf] ufF7f] kflPsf] . @= af6] kljq agfOPsf] (sz) . df]l6nf] l
) [df]6f] Onf]] df]6f] ePsf] y;Nn] df]6f] . df]6f] lj) [k|f) d] != hLpdf w]} df; eP
f] kl:6Psf] :y"nsfo y;Nnf] . @= km}lnPsf] 3]f] jf 7"nf] rf ePsf] . #= ldlxg gePsf]
;|f] . $= w]} ;DklQ ePsf] ;DkGg . %= w]} vfFlbPsf] afSnf] . ^= ul9nf] gePsf] af]wf] (
al4, sfd O)) . 3f6f] gf) b]Vb}df xnfUbf] hLp ePsf]

1037

df]flotdf]nfdf]n ldl;g] Ps gbL . a]gL gf) sfnLu08sLsf] tLdf l:yt, g[l;+xsf] dlGb x]
Ps k|l;4 tLy{:yfg . df]gfn gf) [ dgfn] hLpdf v}f] eO{Fdf l5s]{lds]{ xg] 8fFkm]h:
tf] Ps hftsf] ;Gb kIfL . df]gf]u|fd gf) [c\)] Ps jf PseGbf a9L cIfxsf] ;\lIfKt ;f\s
s lrXg uDkmfIf . df]gf]6fOk gf) [c\)] kuflnPsf] l;;f d]l;gdf 9nfg eO{ cfkm}F nxdf sD
kf]h xFb} hfg], 5fKg] cIf . ~ d]l;g gf) df]gf]6fOk 9fNg] oGq . df]km;n gf) [c) dk
m:;n] != gu jf dVo ;xb]lv aflxsf] 7fpF lhNnf k|fGt . lj) @= km}lnPsf] ;lj:tf . #=
LeGbf aflxsf] . df]lan gf) [c\)] snkhf{xnfO{ ultzLn agfpg tyf lrNnf] kflfVgsf nflu x
lng] uf9f t]nljz]if . df]d gf) [kmf)] x]) d}g dOg . ~ aQL gf) d}gaQL . df] gf) g]kfn
lwfHosf] sf];L c~rncGtu{t kg]{ tfO{v08sf] Ps lhNnf . df]\u ] lj) [df] P] != df]df
. gf) @= df]sf] }yfg] . ~ ltn gf) nfDrf, uf9f, xlof kft xg], kx]Fnf k"mn sfnhLfh:
bfgf xg] Ps k|sfsf] ltn em;]ltn . df]rf gf)x]) df]rf{ . df]L gf) [df]f] O{] :qLxn
] u], emsf]{ b]vfP jf ufnLsf kdf k|of]u ulg] zAb df]/f]sf] :qL k . df]f] gf) [d
nf; zj . @= nf]Ug]dflg;nfO{ ufnL ubf{ jf leq dfof eP tfklg aflx l; b]vfpFbf k|of]u
ulg] zAb . df]rf{ gf) [kmf) df]r] != ;]gf jf lsNnfsf] Iffsf lglDt jlkl vg] jf c k|s
sf] aGbf]a:tL . @= kmf}hnfO{ alnof] kfg]{ lsl;dn] ldnfP agfOPsf] Jo"x df]rf . #= lj
kIfL ;]gfsf ;fy ulg] k|lt:kwf{sf lglDtsf] alnof] tofL . $= To:tf] tofLsf ;fy zq;Fu
ulg] ;fdgf . %= tfNrf nufpg] Ps ;fwg . aGbL gf) ljf]wL kIfsf] ;fdgf ug{ df]rf{ agf
pg] sfd . df]n\g ;) lqm) [df]n g] sg} rLhaLrsf] df]ntf]n ug{ efp lglZrt ug{ b tf]
. df]n gf) [;+) d"No] sg} j:tsf] d"No efp b bfd lsDdt . tf]n gf) ;;fdfg lsgd]n
n 36fpg] jf ldnfpg] sfd efp ug]{ sfd . ~ df]nfO gf) df]ntf]n . df]nDaf gf)x]) dnDd
f . df]nfOg s) lqm) [ df]nfp ( O g)] df]Ng nfOg . [ > ] df]nfpg k|) ] lqm) df]Ng nf
pg b jf efp ls6fpg . df]nfdf]n gf) [df]n df]n] k:kdf ulg] df]ntf]n efpsf] s;fs;L
.

x[i6ki6 yfDdyDd tGb?:t . df]flot gf) [;+)] sfJozf:qsf cg;f lk|otdsf] u0f cflbsf
|z+;f ;g] dUw eO{ cgfu JoQm ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] efj . df]6fOnf] lj) [df]6f] ofOnf]] df]
f]df]6f]h:tf] nfu]sf] nueu df]6f] . df]7 gf) [;+) dli6] != hUu}lkR5]sf] lsQf 5lg]
uL tof kflPsf] nut btf{lstfa . @= un]nLsf] dfemdf ;dfpg] 7fpFdf afFw]sf] sf7 . #=
vsL, taf, vF8f cflbsf] d7Ln] ;dfpg] 7fpF d7 laF8 . $= ;DklQsf] d"n lx;fa n]lvPsf]
sfuh . lqm) lj) %= Psd:6 8Ss . txlan gf) d'Vo 9's6 L Psd':6 jf ;Dk"0f{ sd flvg] 9
L . aGbL gf) lsNnfaGbL ;fFwl;dfgf nufpg] sfd . df]8\g' ;) lqm) [;+) d'\ g'] != a
6]9fpg' . @= af6f] abNg' bfofFafofF nfUg' . #= k6fpg' bf]afg'{ . > df]8 gf) != ;8s 3'
]sf] jf df]l8Psf] 7fpF df]l8g] 7fpF 8]p9L 8f}9L 3'DtL . @= d'x'8f . df]8bf lj) [df]8
f]8 ePsf] 3'DtL ePsf] . ~ kj{t gf) sg} efu dfly p7]sf] sg} efu tn wl;Psf] kxf8 . df]
8fO gf) [ df]8\ ( cfO)] df]8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] df]8fOg s) lqm) df]8g
\ nfOg . df]8fpg k|) ] lqm) df]8\g nfpg . df]l8g c) lqm) != af6f] abn] jf 3d] h
fg . @= 6]l9g af\lug . #= bf]la|g . s) lqm) $= a\UofOg . df]ltof gf) af6nf lsl
;dsf ;;fgf kft xg] af:gfbf ;]tf k"mn kmNg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] k"mn . ~ laGb gf)
df]tLlaGb . df]tL gf) [;+) df}lQms] ;dbL | l;kLaf6 lg:sg] jf aGg] Ps k|sfsf] ax
dN " o ;]tf] Tg dQmfkmn . r gf) lhn]aLemF} l3pdf ksfO{ kfudf 8afP agfOg] bfgfbf
7fO{ duLsf] n8\8 . ~ bfg] lj) df]tLsf bfgfh:tf fd|f (cIf cflb) df]tLsf bfgfem}F . ~
laGb gf) cfFvfsf] gfgLdf hfnf] kg]{ Ps f]u df]ltoflaGb . fd gf) g]kfnL ;flxTosf]
fWolds sfndf z[\ufwffsf k|jt{s, ;lqmo slj tyf k|l;4 ;flxTo;]jL . (k"f gfd M df]tLfd e
hLjgsfn M lj) ;+) !(@# !(%#) . df]y ] gf) [;+) d:tf] s;sf h:tf kft xg], Hjfg]
k"mnem}F kmNg] (;fOk];L ;d"xsf]) Ps eOe F{ mf gfudf]y] gfud:tf eb|d:tf . df]b g
+)] != cfgGb k|;Ggtf xif{ v;L . @= ;uGw af:gf . > df]bs lj) != df]b jf cfgGb ufpg]
;Ggtfbfos xif{k|b . gf) @= n8\8 . df]bL gf) [;+) df]lbgL] cGgk"0ff{ lxdfnsf] k"jL
{ efu dfR5fkR5] lxdfnsf] klZrdL efuaf6 pTkGg eO{ kj{t lhNnfsf] s:dfb]lv cfwf sf];
blIf0fdf kuL sfnLu08sLdf

df]nflxhfdf]xf]/ \ g df]nflxhf gf) [c) dnflxhf] dnflxhf df]nfOhf . df]lng s) lqm)

[df]n\ O g] df]ntf]n ulg efp tf]lsg . df]; \ g ;) lqm) [;+) dif\ g] != Pp6fsf] x
f] csf{nfO{ lbg vf]:g . @= kfpgkg]{ c+z jf efu glbg xsefu gnfpg . #= 7Ug jl~rt
ug{ . { ] rfS;Lsf 5fF6sf], kftnf] df];ddf];dLdf];DaL gf) [kt) af]qmf] ulnof s];|
f xg] Ps k|sfsf] tfultnf] kmn . df];fO gf) [ df];\ ( cfO)] df]:g] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . [ > ] df];fOg s) lqm) df]:g nfOg . df];fpg k|]) lqm) df]:g nfpg 7ufpg .
df]l;g s) lqm) xsefu gnfOg jl~rt ulg 7lug . df];f] gf) w"jfFsf sfnfsfnf s0f hd]sf
] w"nf] WjfF;f] . df]x gf) [;+)] != cljBf c1fg lga{l4 . @= cfWoflTds bz{gsf cg;f b]
x ;f+;fls j:tnfO{ g} ;j{:j dfGg] sfd ;f+;fls h~hfn jf k|k~rsf] cf;lQm . #= e|flGt e
|d . $= nlg] vfnsf] k|]d Jofdf]x . %= emSofg e"n ql6 . ^= eo, lrGtf, cfttf, cTof;
cflbaf6 ;4Lal4 xfpg] sfd a]xf];L d"R5f{ . s lj) df]x ug]{ df]lxt kfg]{ . ~ hfn gf
fofsf] aGwg df]xsf] hfn . df]x8f gf) [ dx8  f] != cgxf r]xf . @= ;fdGg]sf] efu d
8f . #= 3f]8fsf 6fpsfdf nufOg] nufd cflb ;fh . df]xg gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ df]lxt
kfg]{ jf nfpg] sfd . @= a]xf]; jf d"lR5{t kfg]{ tflGqs ljlw df]xgL dxgL . #= sfdb]
jsf kfFr af0fdWo] Ps . $= s[i0f . ~ cfsfzjf0fL gf) g]kfndf ;+) @))^df f0ff k|wfgdGq
L df]xgzdz]sf kfnfdf :yfkgf ulPsf] klxnf] cfsfzjf0fL s]Gb| . ~ rf]s gf) sf7df8f}s F
f] xgdfg\9f]sf bafleqsf] Ps k|l;4 rf]s . dfnf gf) vf; u] sdfnhfltn] nfpg], ltnxL
nfDrf] uxgf . zdz] gf) f0ffsfnsf clGtd / lj=;+= @))& sf] kl/jt{gkl5 ul7t ;/sf/sf]
k|yd k|wfgdGqL . > df]xgf:q gf) zqkIfnfO{ df]xsf jzdf kfg]{ d"lR5{t tNofpg] k|f
rLg sfnsf] Ps c:q . df]xlgb|f gf) [;+)] != df]x jf c1fgsf] jzdf k] cfpg] lgb|f jf a
]xf];L . @= df]xdf kL lgZr]i6 jf ;+1fxLg xg] lqmof jf l:ylt . df]xgL gf) [;+)] !=
cnfO{ cfgf] jzdf kfg]{ jf nfpg] tflGqs dGq jf ljBf jzLs0f ljBf 6gf dxgL . @= lj
f rf}aL; cjtfdWo] Ps . #= df]lxt kfg]{ zlQm dfof . df]xgLo lj) [;+)] df]lxt kfg{ nf
os df]lxt kfg]{ vfnsf] . df]xkfz gf) [;+)] df]xhfn dfofhfn . df]x gf) [kmf) dx|] !=
krf; k};fsf] g]kfnL l;Ssf . @= rfFbLsf] db|f . #= cIf, lrXg cflb 5fKg] ;fwg 6s 5fk
f . $= To:tf] ;fwgff 5flkPsf] lrXg . ~ ?lkof
1038

gf) wft'sf d'b|f jf l;Ssf df]) ?) . df]xg ;)lqm)x]) df]xf]g{ . df]xf gf) [kmf) df]x
al4rfn jf r]; v]nsf uf]6L . df]xfO gf) [ df]x\ ( cfO)] df]xg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
. [ > ] df]xfOg s) lqm) df]xg{ nfOg . df]xfpg k|) ] lqm) df]xg{ nfpg . df]xlg s)
lqm) df]xg]{ sfd ulg . df]xl/of lj)x]) df]xf]l/of . df]xzf:q gf) [;+)] df]x jf c1f
gdf cNemfpg] ljBf df]xgL ljBf . df]lxt lj) [;+)] != h8tf, df]x cyjf c1fgdf en]sf]
dUw . @= cf; b]vfOPsf] nf]EofOPsf] nAw . #= s;}sf] k, u0f, ljz]iftf cflb b]v ] cf
slif{t ePsf] k|d ] df km;]sf] . df]lxgL lj) [;+)] != dUw tNofpg] jf df]xdf cNemf
pg] (:qL) . gf) @= Ps cK;fsf] gfd . #= Ps k|sfsf] rd]nLsf] k"mn . $= df]lxgL ljBf j
zLs0f dGq . df]lxof gf) [df]xL Oof] != df]xLsf] sfd ls;fgL . @= df]xLsf] sfd ug]{ dfl
g; . df]lxofgL lj) [df]xL ofgL] != df]xL;DaGwL df]xLsf] @= df]xLn] kfpg] (clwsf jf xs
) . ~ xs gf) hUuf sdfPafkt sfggcg;f df]xLn] kfpg] cf+lzs clwsf . df]xL! gf) [;+)]
!= df]lxt kfg]{ . @= df]x ePsf] . #= nAw nf]eL . df]xL@ gf) [;+) dxL] st ltg]{ ;t{
jf sandf csf{sf] hUuf sdfpg] JolQm df]lxof . ~ gfOs] gf) df]xLx;Fu st jf ltf]ef] pk
g]{ hUufwgLsf] l;kfxL . ~ lgisf;g gf) e"ld;DaGwL sfggadf]lhd hUufwgLn] df]xLnfO{
df]lxofaf6 vf]:g] sfd . ~ nxf] gf) af6nf afSnf kft xg], ;]tf] sf] Ps yL nxf] . df]
]Ghf]bf8f] gf) l;Gw;Eotfsf eUgfjz]if kfOPsf], snf, ;+:s[lt ;Eotfn] k"0f{ ePsf] P
s k|frLg gu . df]xf]hL gf) [c) dUh] kf];fssf 5]p5fpdf ufFl;g] nufsf] k]6L jf wf] ;]
K6L ;Ghfk . df]xf]l6g c) lqm) [df]xf]6f] O g] w]} vfgfn] cdg xg vfg dg dg{ . df]x
f] gf) c?lr cdg . df]xf]6fO gf) [ df]xf]l6 ( ofO)] df]xf]6f] xg] jf df]xf]l6g] lqmofk
lqmof . [ > ] df]xf]6fOg s) lqm) df]xf]6fpg] kflg . df]xf]6fpg ;) lqm) df]xf]l6g]
fg{ . df]xf]6fx6 gf) df]xf]l6g] efj jf cj:yf . df]xf]tf] gf) [k|f) dx8] ef]6f], b
f}f, ;?jfn cflb nufpg] sk8fsf] afxnfsf] dv xTs]nf jf uf]8f l5fP aflx lgsflng] ;f]x
L 7fpF . df]xf] \ g ;) lqm) [;+) d08g g] != 5fnf, sk8f, sfut, wftsf kq cflbn] afFW
g, cfj0f jf lhNb xfNg df]xg{ . @=

1039

df]xf]/\u ] df}lns ;DaGwdf cFuflng] gLlt jf lgod . ~ ljlgdo gf) ljleGg b]zsf db|fs
f] kf:kls ljlgdo jf ;6xL . ~ tntf gf) db|fnfO{ t?Gt} j:tdf abNg ;lsg] cj:yf gubnfO
{ j:tdf kljt{g ug]{ lqmof df}g gf) [;+)] != df}gLxsf] j|t jf lgod . @= gaf]Ng] lgo
d jf lqmof rk . ~ hn; gf) sg} sfsf] ljf]w k|bz{g ubf{ gffafhL guL zflGtk"0f{ tl
sflng] hn; . ~ wf0f gf) rk nfu] a:g] sfd . ~ k7gkf7 gf) lnlvt ;fdu|LnfO{ >j0fLo pR
rf0fljgf cf]7, lhe|f] grnfO{ k9\g] sfd dgdg}sf] k9fO . ~ jfrg gf) cfjfh glgsfnL dgd
g} k9\g] sfd df}gkf7 . ~ j|t gf) gaf]Ng] j|t rk xg] j|t . ~ j|tL lj) df}gj|t lnPsf]
af]Ng] eP a:g] df}gL . df}gL lj) [df}g O{] != df}gj|t wf0f ug]{ df}gj|tL caf]nf . gf)
df3 dlxgfsf] cdfjf:of . #= dlg . df}L! gf) wflknf] hUufdf pd|g], emG8} pGo"sf h:
tf kft xg] Ps lsl;dsf] emf . df}L@ gf) [ dfxL] dfxL dfpL . sf] uf]nf] gf) !=
df}Ln] dx sf9\g] ynf] . @= 6\uf] gnfu]sf] l:ylt . ~ kfng gf) dxsf lglDt j}1flgs 9\u
n] df}L kfNg] pBf]u . df}f] gf) wflknf] hldgdf xg] Ps hftsf] 3fF; . df}o{ gf) [;+)]
rGb|uKt df}o{b]lv k|fDe ePsf], duwsf] k|l;4 Ps k|frLg fhj+z . df}jL{ gf) [;+)] !=
wgifsf] 8f]L klGhf] k|To~rf . @= d"jL{ 3fF;sf] 8f]Laf6 agfOPsf] sGwgL . df}ng c)
) [k\f) dpn g] fd|L ;k|g ;Knfpg km:6fpg v"a km}lng df}nfpg . df}njL gf) [c)] !
fdL wd{zf:qsf kf]lxt . @= caL, kmf;L, pb"{ cflb efiff k9fpg] d;ndfg lzIfs . df}n>
L gf) [;+)] x]) df}nl;L . df}nl;L gf) [;+) df}n>L] ;;fgf ;uGwL ;]tf k"mn kmNg] ;bf
axf Ps j[If ;f]xL af]6sf] k"mn df}n>L asn . df}nfO gf) [ df]nfp ( cfO)] df}nfpg] efj
of jf k|lqmof . [ > ] df}nfOg s) lqm) af]6la?jf cflb ;k|g] kflg . df}nfpg c) lqm
) != af]6la?jf cflb nxnxfpg v"a ;k|g xlnf]elnf] xg . @= pGglt xFb} hfg al9a9fp
xg . df}lns lj) [;+)] != d"n jf h8l;t ;DalGwt d"ne"t . @= dVo k|wfg . #= s;}sf]
cfwf glnPsf] gjLg jf ;[hgfTds . ~ clwsf gf) sg} klg k|hftflGqs b]zsf] ;+ljwfg jf sfg
gL kDkfn] To; b]zsf gfulsxnfO{ k|bfg u]sf d"ne"t clwsf df}lns xs . ~ st{Jo gf) df}l
kfPafkt gfulsn] fi6sf k|lt ug{kg]{ st{Jo . tf

tx yk] 5f]Kg dv 9fs] aGb ug{ . df]xf]\u] gf) kftsf] pN6fkl lag] em; xg] Ps hft
mf . df]xf]fO gf) [ df]xf]\ ( cfO)] df]xf]g{] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] df]xf]fOg
lqm) df]xf]g{ nfOg . df]xf]fpg k|) ] lqm) df]xf]g{ nfpg . df]xf]lg s) lqm) 5fnf
, sk8f cflbn] 5f]lkg df]xf]g]{ sfd ulg . df]xf]lof lj) [df]xf] Oof] df]xf] jf 5fk n
sf] 5fk] ;gb ePsf] df]xlof . df]xf]L gf) [ df]x8f O{] tf]k, aGbs cflbsf] uf]nL lg:s
v df]xL . df]xf]nf] gf) afnLgfnL gvfcf];\ egL a:tefpsf dvdf nufOlbg] hfnLbf k]?\uf]
df]xnf] . df}sf gf) [c) df}s] != sfd ug{ ;xfpFbf] ;do a]nfavt . @= cj; cgsntf ;Ghf]
. ~ txlssft gf) df}sf jf ;dod} ulg] vf]htnf; . ~ kLIff gf) c;kmn ePsf] kqdf kgM lb
g kfOg] kLIff kgMkLIff . df}lQms gf) [;+)] df]tL . df}lvs gf) [;+)] != dv;Fu ;DalGw
t dv, jf0fL jf pRrf0f;DaGwL dvsf] . @= lnlvt kdf gulPsf] . #= dvn] eg]sf] . $= jrg
jf :jLs[lt lbOPsf] . df}h gf) x]) df]h . df}hf gf) [c) df}h] != ufpF u|fd . @= hUu
f hldg . #= lhNnf jf Onfsfsf] sg} Ps 7fpF df}h] . df}hL lj) x]) df]hL . df}hb  lj)
[c\)] != pkl:yt 7Ls7fs v8f xflh . @= ;fdGg] jf clulNt x]sf] . #= tof k|:tt . > d
qm) lj) o; j]nf jt{dfg ;dodf xfn . df}h ] gf) [df}hf P] df}hf . df}hg ] L gf) [d}hf PgL
!= df}hfxsf] lkmxl:t df}hfxsf] ljj0f . lqm) lj) @= df}hflkR5] x]s df}hfdf . df}Hbft
[kmf)] != sn kFhL hDdf ePsf] d"n wg df}hft . @= ;l~rt jf hDdfhDdL wg . df}HofgL gf
) != df}hf;Fu ;DalGwt . @= df}hfsf] ;dbfo, df}hg ] L. df}~hL gf) [;+)] a|Xdro{,
tk:of cflb ;fwgf ugf{sf lglDt nufOg] dhsf 8f]Lsf] sl6;"q d]vnf . ~ aGwg gf) pkgog
;+:sf j|taGw . df}bu \ No gf) [;+)] uf]qk|jt{s Ps Clif . ~ uf]q gf) df}bu \ No Clifa
f6 rn] cfPsf] Ps uf]q sf]Ofnf, sOFs]n, pk|]tL, ltldlN;gf cflbsf] uf]q . df}lb|s lj) [
;+)] dbf| ;Fu ;DalGwt dbf| sf] . ~ cfrf ;+lxtf gf) ;Lldt If]qleq x] a}s \ xn] ;~rf
ugk { g]{ sff]af cflb . ~ gLlt gf) dbf| sf] ljlgdo, l:ytf, k|rng cflbsf

df}lngDjfNof gf) df}lns xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ rgf gf) csf] cgjfb, gSsn cflb guL
cfg} ;[hgfTds k|ltefff tof kflPsf] syf, sljtf, lgaGw cflb rgf . ~ xs gf) df}lns clws
df}lng c) lqm) [df}n O g] ;lk|g emfFlug nxnxfOg . df}lndl0f gf) [;+)] != >Lk]rdf h
8Psf] Tg . @= d:tsdf klxlg] dl0f . df}nL gf) [;+)] != wtL k[YjL . lj) @= lzdf ds6
f] . df}nf] gf) [;+) df}ln] != kDkfut kn] sf]t cflbdf kzsf] aln lbOg] sLnf] kzjw ul
] 7fpF . @= xfQL afFWg] sLnf] vdfL vDaf . #= bfOF ug]{ vnfsf aLrdf uf8]sf] vfFaf] ld
of] . df}jf gf) != nfDrfnfDrf kft xg], efn] kf]yL c\u leGgleGg} k"mndf xg] Ps k|
sfsf] n]sfnL j[If . @= dxjf . df};d gf) [c) df}l;d] != pkoQm jf cgsn ;do . @= ;
bL{, udL{ cflbsf b[li6n] ljeflht ;do Ct ofd . #= afnLgfnL nfpg] jf kfSg] vf; ;do
. df};dL lj) [df};d O{, c) df}l;dL] df};d;DaGwL df};dsf] CtCtdf xg] . ~ lkf]6ljj0
hnjfo dfks oGqff klxNofOg] df};d;DaGwL ljj0f jf tYo . ~ xfjf gf) dg;g . df};k  m l
j) [c) df};k " m] != k|z; + f ulPsf] tflkm ulPsf] . ;j{) @= fhf tyf fhkljfsf cGo ;b
{ lgh jf dhssf cy{df k|of]u ulg] ;DdfgjfrL zAb df};k " m. df};"km lj);j{) [c)] x]) df
;k  m. df}xl" t{s gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifL u0fs . lj) @= dxt " ; { DaGwL . Dof lqm)
lj) [c) d")] != e]8f, afv|f, kf7f cflb sfpFbfsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . gf) @= To;L sfpFbf
sf] cfjfh jf Wjlg . Dofp gf) [c) d")] != la/fnf] (afnaf]nLdf) . lqm) lj) @= lafnf]
sfPsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . > Dofpr] lj) DofpFDofpF ug]{ vfnsf] DofpFDofpF uL af]Ng] (dfl
;) . :qL) dfpFrL . Dofp gf) != 8fP y'y' x'g] rfn jf la:tf} af]Ng] sfd . lqm) lj) @
tf DofpFsf] cfjfh lgsfn] . DofS;L gf) [c
\)] unfb]lv uf]8f;Dd 5f]Kg] vfnsf] Pp6} hgfg
f kf];fs . DofUbL gf) g]kfnsf] wjnflul c~rncGtu{t x]sf] Ps lhNnf . DofUdf gf) k[YjLl
eq x]sf] jf hldgd'lgsf] kUn]sf] rfg . Dof
\n
' gf) [ln) Dof
(9'
u \ f])n'
(lafnf])
n clwfHosf] sf];L c~rncGtu{t t]xy | d ' lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|l;4 l;+xjflxgL b]jL . @
= ;f]xL b]jLsf] :yfg x]sf] 7fpF .
1040

Dofr gf) [c
\)] != km'6an, elnan cflbsf] k|ltof]lutfTds v]n . @= ;nfO{ . ~ ofS6L gf) ;
nfO{ agfpg] sfvfgf (h:tf] h'4 Dofr ofS6L) . Dofl6s lj) [c
\) d]l6S;] != bzdnj k|0ffn
fKg] jf hf]Vg] (k|0ffnL) . gf) @= k|j]lzsf kLIff P;=Pn=;L= ' ; ] g gf) ljZjljBfnodf
k|jz ] Dofl6sn];g . > Dofl6sn kfpg{sf lglDt pQL0f{ ug'{kg]{ kLIff P;=Pn=;L= . Dofb gf
[c) dLofb] != sg} sfdsfsf lglDt tf]lsPsf] ;dofjlw clGtd ldlt xb jf ;Ldf . @= k|ltjfb
LnfO{ tf]lsPsf] ;doleq k|ltpQ lnO{ xflh x'g cfpg" egL k7fOg] k'hL{ ;dg Otnfogfdf . D
ofbL lj) [DofbO{] Dofb ePsf] c:yfoL . ~ hf] gf) cfF7h ] f] (6fOkmfO8) . ~ dnfxf gf)
f{ofdsf nflu dfq x'nfs j:t' gbLdf jfkf ufpg Joj:yf ulPsf] dfemL . Dofg gf) [kmf) ldof
g] taf fVg] bfk jf vf]n . Dofgf gf) [kmf) ldofg] k|foM rf hgfn] af]Sg], 7"nf] ;Gb'ssf
cfsfsf] ;jfL ;fwg plnGsf7 tfdbfg kfnsL . Dofg]h gf) [c
\)] sg} ;+:yfg, lgud, ef]hg
bsf d'Vo JolQm jf kbflwsfL k|aGws Joj:yfks . Dofg] l h
lj) [c
\ ) ] sfdsf] k| a Gw ug]
{ sfdsf] Joj:yf;DaGwL . ~ Ph]G6 gf) ;DalGwt 7fpFxdf uO{ k|aGw ldnfpg] JolQm k|aGw l
dnfpg] u'd:tf . ~ 8fO]S6 gf) dxfk|aGws k|dv ' Joj:yfks . DofGhf] gf) nfdf] al;laofFnf
] . Dofl8lk|G6 gf) [c\)] rnlrqsnfdf b[Zo Wjlgsf] ;lDd>0f ulPsf] ln . Dolhod gf) [
= P]ltxfl;s, kftfljs, ;f+:s[lts tyf ;fj{hlgs dxjsf d"lt{, snf cflbsf] ;\u|xfno chfoa
3 . @= fli6o ;\u|xfno . Dolgl;kn lj) [c\)] gukflnsf;DaGwL . > Dolgl;kln6L gf) gu
. ld|odf0f lj) [;+)] dg{ nfu]sf] d0ff]Gdv . Dnfg lj) [;+)] != cf]OnfPsf] ;]nfPsf] yf
]sf] . @= sdhf] lgwf]{ ban { . #= pbf; lvGg . $= kmf]xf] d}nf] . tf gf) Dnfg xgf
fj, lqmof jf cj:yf . Dn]R5 lj) [;+)] != ;+:s[t efiff gaf]Ng] -hflt_ cgfo{ hflt . @
= cfo{ wd{sf] kfngf gug]{ . #= gLr cwd . $= kfkL . %= kmf]xf]L . DjfO gf) Kof/f] u/]
/ s;}sf] ufnf cflb s'g} c
\u r'Dg] sfd r'Dag . ~ vfg' 6') != r'Dag ug'{ . @= cltzo K
of/ b]vfpg' DjfNof lj) w]} y'k}| dgUo k|z:t .

1041
oolt

o
o != b]jgfu/L j0f{dfnfsf Jo~hgj0f{dWo] 5AaL;f}F j0f{ tfnJo,
cGtM:y, ;3f]if, cNkk|f0f cw{:j (Osf/ / csfsf] ;lGw) . @= n]Vo kdf ;f] Wjlg jf j0f{s
f] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg a"9f] o . osf gf) [g]jf)] tfafhfdWo]sf] Ps afhf . orf gf)
[g]jf)] gljn, ;'kfL cflb tf5\g] xltof . osf/ gf) [;+)] cGtM:y j0f{;d"xsf] klxnf] cIf
If . olsg gf) [c) osLg] sYo) olSsg klg . != sg} sfdsfsf] kSsfkSsL lgwf] 7x c7f]6 .
jf; kTof . > olsgg\ lqm) lj) != ljZjf;k"js { 7xofP . @= lg:;Gb]x cjZo g} . os[t\ g
+)] k]6leq kmf]S;f]dlg bfofFkl xg] Ps leqL c
\u sn]hf] (h;n] vfPsf j:t'x kfrg ub{5) .
oIf gf) [;+)] b]jof]lgsf ljljw e]bdWo] Ps . @= sa]sf k|hfu0f . #= sa] . $= fO{hfltsf]
Ps e]b ofvf . klt gf) oIfxsf] fhf sa] . ~ k|Zg gf) Hofb} sl7g k|Zg pQ/ lbg g;s
g'kg]{ ;jfn . ~ dNn gf) eStk'df lj);+) !$*$b]lv !%#$;Dd krf; jif{ pkTosf To;sf cwLg
:y Onfsfsf] zf;g ug]{ dNnsfnLg Ps fhf . fh gf) sa] . > olIf0fLoIfL gf) != oIfhflt
L oIf gfL . @= sa ] sL :qL . #= buf{sf] Ps cgr zlSt . ou0f gf) [;+)] 5Gbzf:qcg;f
o]s tLg cIfdf klxnf] n3 kl5Nnf bO{ u? kg]{ Ps u0f 5Gbzf:qdf ISS lrXgff ;\s]t ulg
s u0f . ohg gf) [;+)] != o1, xf]d cflb ug]{ sfd . @= o1:yfg . ohdfg gf) [;+)] != j
}lbs ljlwff a|fXd0fdfkm{t o1 cflb wfld{s sfo{ ug]{ JolQm ohdfg . @= o1 ug]{ufpg] Jol
Qm oi6f stf{ . #= dxfb]jsf ci6d"lt{dWo] Ps . > ohdfgL gf) != ohglqmof kf]lxTofOF k
] ofOF hhdfgL . @= ohdfgsL kTgL hhdfGgL . oh gf) [;+)] rf j]bdWo]sf] bf];|f] j]b oh
j]{b . ohjb {] gf) [;+)] k|l;4 rf j]bdWo] o1ofuflbsf ljlwsf] lj:t[t j0f{g ePsf]
Ps j]b jf zSnohjb {] s[i0fohjb {] bO{ e]bdf ljeQm bf];|f] j]b rf j]bdWo]sf] Ps
j]b ohM . > ohj]{bL lj) != ohj]{bcg;f sfo{ ug]{ ohj]{bsf ljlwxsf] kfng ug]{ ohj
{b hfGg] . gf) @= a|fXd0f, Iflqo cflbsf] Ps zfvf . ohjb {] Lo lj) != ohjb {] ;D
aGwL ohj]{bsf] . @= ohj]{b hfGg] ohj]{bL . #= ohj]{bcg;f sfd ug]{ . o1 gf) [;+)
] != b]jtfxsf] k|;Ggtfsf nflu j}lbs ljlwn] ulg] xjg, k"hg, hk, kf7 cflb wfld{s sfo
{ . @= bfg, wd{, nf]sf]ksf cflb p2]Zon] ulg] ze sfo{ . #= clUgb]jtf . $= lji0f .
~ sd{ gf) xjg cflb ulg] sfo{ o1 . ~ s08 gf) j}lbs ljlwn] clUg;+:sf uL xjg ug{sf lgl
t cfuf] afNg] vf8n xf]dsf] cfuf] afNg] s08 . klt gf) != ljlw hfGg] a|fXd0fnfO{ af]n
fO{ j}lbs ljwfgn] o1 u/fpg] JolQm ohdfg . @= lji0f . kz gf) o1df aln r9fOg] d[u,
5fu cflb kz . kfq gf) o1ofuflbsf sfddf pkof]u ulg], ljleGg k|sfsf wft, sf7 cflbs
f efF8fat{g (;f], 3[tkfq, r?kfq, rd cflb) . e"ld gf) o1 ugf{sf nflu tof ulPsf] 7fpF
1:yn . ~ d08k gf) o1 ug{sf lglDt Wjhf, ktfsf, tf]0f, rf}sfrFbjf cflbff ;;lHht ulPsf
] d08k . zfnf gf) != o1 ulg] 3 jf :yfg . @= o1d08k . z]if gf) o1 u] afFsL x]sf]
f k|of]u u] ar]sf] ;fdfg . ;"q gf) hg} o1f]kjLt . > o1fuf gf) o1zfnf . o1f\u gf)
;;fdfg . @= 8d|L j[If . o1Lo lj) != o1;DaGwL . @= o1sf lglDt pkoQm . o1]Zj gf) o1
sf :jfdL lji0f . o1f]kjLt gf) [;+)] != lhhfltn] unfdf wf0f ug]{ o1;"q hg} . @= o1f]k
jLt wf0f ug{sf lglDt ulg] ;+:sf pkgog j|taGw . ~ ;+:sf gf) pkgog;DaGwL ;+:sf j|taG
lqm) lj) [;+) cq] ptfsf] ljkLt kg]l{ t o;tkm{ cfkm"lt j . ~ ptf lqm) lj) != otf p
;s} . @= ot} cf;kf;df glhs} 5]p5fpdf . gf) #= uf]ndfn xfO{ jf dfl;O{ ePsf] lxgfldgf
. lj) $= 5k:6 5lPsf] . %= 5f:6 gi6 . ~ plt lqm) lj) != ot} jlkl cunaun glhs} j
} ;j{q . lj) #= htf;s} c:tJo:t kdf 5lPsf] nyfln\u ePsf] . gf) $= sfd dxjk"0f{ geP kl
To;sf nflu ulg] cndn . %= xflggf]S;fgL xlx;fadf ePsf] lxgfldgf . ~ g ptf lqm) lj) c
nkq st} klg gxg] rfndf . olt! gf) [;+)] != ;GGof; wf0f u]sf] of]uL ;GGof;L . @= a|Xd
ro{df x]sf] JolQm a|XdrfL . #= jfl0f{s 5Gbsf sljtfdf kb, jfSo cflbdf lj>fd ug]{ 7fp
F ljfd . $=

oltoyf:yfg f]lsg] sfd c8fg . olt@ lj) [of] lt] != ulgP, gflkP jf tf}lnP sg} j:t vf
df ku]sf] of]hlt of] kldf0fafa olQ . @= cToGt w]} jf yf]} . lqm) lj) #= yf]} cln
lj) != cfjZostfeGbf klg a9\tf olt w]} k|z:t . @= of]hltsf] olt;Ddsf] . v] lqm) lj)
a]nf o; ;do;Dd clxn]sf] ;dodf . > oltGh]n lqm) lj) != o; ;do;Dd clxn];Dd . @= olt n
fdf] ;do;Dd olta];Dd oltGHofn . oltGHofn lqm) lj) oltGh]n . olt e\u gf) [;+)] jfl0f{s
5Gbdf lglZrt 7fpFsf] c8fgnfO{ kfng gubf{ kg{ cfpg] 5Gbbf]if cfjZos 7fpFdf lj>flGt
gkbf{ xg] bf]if olte\u xFbf xg] Ps sfJobf]if . otL gf) [ef])a)] != lxdfndf xg],
dgiosf] h:t} cfsfsf] dflgPsf] Ps k|l;4 k|f0fL lxddfgj ;f]Skf . @= jgemfFqmL . olTs
l~rt\ lqm) lj) [;+)] sg} klg j:tsf] yf]} dfqfdf yf]axt clnslt . olQ lj) [olt] != o
. @= olt g} . sf lj)lqm) lj) oltsf . sf] lj) != of]hlQsf] o;afasf] oltn] e]6; ]
@= olt w]} k|z:t oqf] . #= olt yf]} sDtL . v] lqm) lj) olt g} ;dodf oltv] . oTg
!= sg} klg p2]Zo k"f ulg] sfo{ k|of; r]i6f pBf]u sf]l;; hdsf]{ . @= lalu|g, gfl;g
];\ egL ulPsf] lxkmfht htg . #= kmff]ltgf] ug{sf nflu ulPsf] ;~ro arf]6 ;\u|x . tM
lj) k|of;sf ;fydf . jfg\ lj) oTg ug]{ oTgzLn . zLn lj) ldlxg]t ug]{ :jefjsf] oTgjfg
ldlxg]tL . olTgv] lqm) lj) [olt g} v]] != 7Ls o;} ;dodf olt g} a]nf . @= clxn] . oq lq
lj) [;+)] oxfF (;df;sf] cfDedf tq;Fu hf]l8P dfq} k|of]u xg], h:t} oqtq) . tq lqm)
!= hxfF;s} klg htftt} ;a}lt . @= ljleGg 7fpFdf . #= hyfefjL 5k:6 . tq ;j{q lqm)
!= oxfF jxfF dfq geO{ htf;s} klg htftt} . @= ;a}lt . oq}l;toq}l;lt lj)af]) [oqf] O
O)] s]xL kaf{x 5}g s]sf] dtna eq}l;t sG8}l;t . oqf] lj) [of] qf]] != o; kldf0felsf]
qf] . ;j{) @= of] (cZnLn cy{df, h:t} oqf] vf ) . lj) af]) #= v]b, k5tf], c;kmntf
cflb hgfpFbf k|foM jfSosf] cGtdf k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) slt r]i6f u] klg ;lsPg, oq
f] ) . oyf lqm) lj) [;+)] != h:t} hg k|sfsf] . @= h;L hxfF ; Dd hlt;Dd . slyt lj
] h lt elgPadf]lhd . lqm) lj) @= elgPadf]lhd uL . qmd lqm) lj) qmda4 9\un] l;nl;nf l
nfP qmdfg;f .
1042

tyf lqm) lj) != hyfefjL hyfgfd . @= h;Lt;L . tYo lqm) lj) ;xL lsl;dn] ;Totfk"j{s
{ lj) != kDkfb]lv rn]cg;fsf] . @= klxn]h:t} h:tf] lyof] To:t} . lqm) lj) #= klxn] h
:t} u] . efu lqm) lj) != efucg;f efuzflGtn] e]6];Dd efu nufPdtflas . lj) @= efucg
f] . of]Uo lqm) lj) != h;f] plrt 7x5{ p;} . lj) @= h;nfO{ h] 7Ls ;xfpF5 p;nfO{ T
o:t} oyf]lrt . oyfy{ lj) [;+)] != h:tf] xgkYof]{ To:t} h:tfsf] t:t} . @= 7Ls plrt
. #= ;xL ;fFrf] ;To vf; . gf) $= jf:tljstf ;fFrf]kg . tM lqm) lj) ;fFRr} eGg] xf] eg
jf:tjdf . tf gf) oyfy{ xg] u0f jf k|lqmof jf:tljstf ;Totf . jfb gf) != j:thut\sf
cl:tTjnfO{ g} ;j]; { jf{ :jLsf ug]{ Ps bfz{lgs dt j:t;Todf ljZjf; fVg] Ps cgLZjjfb
L l;4fGt . @= hLjg hut\sf] j:tkIf h:tf] 5 To:t} kdf k|:tt ug]{ Ps ;flxlTos dfGo
tf hLjg hut\sf aLrsf ;DaGwn] dfG5]sf hLjgdf b]vfkg]{ jf:tljstfnfO{ h:tfsf] t:t} k
|:tt ug]{ ;flxlTos d"No . jfbL lj) != oyfy{jfbsf] cg;0f ug]{ oyfy{jfbsf] cgofoL
. @= oyfy{jfb;DaGwL . oyfjt\ lqm) lj) [;+)] o;eGbf klxn] h:tf] k cj:yfsf] lyof] To
:t} klxn]sf] h:t} k"j{jt\ . oyfj; lj) [;+)] != ;docg;fsf] . lqm) lj) @= ;do;xfpFbf]
lsl;dn] . oyfljlw lqm) lj) [;+)] != ljlwljwfgcg;f lgodk"js { Lt kofP . lj) @= l
;fsf] Lt ku]sf] . oyfzlSt lj) [;+)] != Ifdtfn] EofP;Ddsf] uR5]cg;fsf] cf}sftn] k
Ddsf] . lqm) lj) @= Ifdtfn] jf cf}sftn] EofP;Dd . oyfzSo lqm) lj)lj) [;+)] oyfzlQm
. oyf;\Vo gf) [;+)] != cn\sfzf:qsf dtdf klxn] sg} j:tsf] j0f{g u] kl5 qmdzM ltgsf
fg jf cff]lkt j:t cflbsf] j0f{g ulPdf kg{ cfpg] Ps cyf{n\sf . lj) @= ;\Vofcg;fsf]
};Fusf] . lqm) lj) #= ;\Vofcg;f ;\Vofdflkms . oyf;do lqm) lj) [;+)] hg sfd hltv] eP
7Ls xG5 To;} ;dodf lglZrt ;dodf lgwf{lt ;dodf . oyf;Dej lqm) lj) [;+)] xg ;s];Dd le
ofP;Dd e;s xg; ] Dd . oyf;fWo lqm) lj) [;+)] ;fWo eP;Dd hlt ;fWo xG5 Tolt oyf;Dej .
oyf:yfg lqm) lj) [;+)] hg 7fpFdf 7Ls k5{ To;} 7fpFdf plrt :yfgdf .

1043

oyfl:ytodb08 j:t hGt . #= jfB jfBoGq . $= ;Gb;, 9f]sf cflbdf nufOg] tfNrf . %= hg
;s} sfo{df k|of]u xg] cf}hf ;fwg . ^= k|0ffnL k4lt . ~ snf gf) oGqnfO{ pkoSt 9\un]
;~rfng ug]{ ljBf oGq rnfpg] 1fg, k|ljlw jf ;Lk . ~ u[x gf) oGq fVg] 3 jf sf]7f . ~
rfto { gf) oGqnfO{ h8fg ug],{ ;~rfng ug]{ cflb 1fg oGq;~rfngsf] of]Uotf sflnu8L .
~ rflnt lj) oGqff rnfOPsf] oGqn] rnfOPsf] (sfvfgf, ef, ldn cflb) . 1 lj) != oGqlgd
ug{, dd{t ug{ jf ;~rfng ug{ hfGg] oGq;DaGwL 1fg ePsf] . @= lgoGq0f jf aGb]hdf fVg]
aGwgdf kfg]{ . #= oGqljBfsf] 1ftf . gf) $= ld:qL sflnu8 . > oGq0ff gf) != s;}nfO{
lbOg] oftgf ;f:tL . @= j]bgf kL8f si6 . ~ dGq gf) != 6gfdgf tGqdGqff ulg] df]xgL
. @= emfkms . #= oGq ljlwljwfgff hGt afFWg] sfd . ljb\ gf) oGq;DaGwL jf oGqlj1fgs
1fg ePsf] JolQm oGq1 . ~ ljBf gf) oGqlgdf{0f ug]{ jf rnfpg] ljBf oGq;DaGwL zf:q . z
fnf gf) != oGqff sfd ug{ ldl;g h8fg ulPsf] 7fpF sn3 OlGhg3 oGqu[x . @= u|xgIfqsf]
t cWoog ug]{ oGq h8fg ulPsf] 7fpF j]wzfnf . ~ zf:q gf) oGq;~rfng ug]{ ljlwsf] lgb]z
{ g ug]{ zf:q oGqlgdf{0f ug]{ lj1fg oGqljBf . ~ ;lHht lj) ;fdls dxjsf ;Dk" 0 f{ xftx
ltofo S t cfw l gs ;fdls pks0foSt (;]gf) . > oGqfno gf) oGqu[x oGqzfnf . olGqt lj
Gq hl8Psf] . oknf sf]u ] gf) [ef]) a)] du lhNnfsf tfdf ojfojtLn] k|ltjif{ lxpFb
df PskN6 jiff{df PskN6 hfF8S;L vfO{ fte gfrufg uL dgfpg] rf8 . od gf) [;+)] != dfG5]
d]kl5 kfk k0osf] kLIff uL :ju{ jf gssf] kmn k|bfg ug]{ elgPsf b]jtf odfh wd{fh .
s { L ljjflxtf kTgL ;+1fsf kq blIf0flbzfsf :jfdL . #= hDNofxf odh . $= clx+;f, ;
To, c:t]o, a|Xdro{ cklu|xolt kfFrj6f tj kfng ugf{n] k"0f{ xg] cgzf;g . %= ci6f\u o
f]udWo]sf] klxnf] of]u . ^= ult . &= ;b\ult d[To . *= cfotgsf] lx;faaf6 cf7f}F u
|x . ods gf) [;+)] ;dfg kb jf Wjlg nuftf Ps} jfSo jf kBdf bf]xf]lFbf kg]{ Ps zAbfn\s
f (h:t} dsnsn, lzlzlz O)) . odh lj) [;+)] != Ps} ue{af6 Ps} ;dodf hGd]sf oun hDN
gf) @= Ps} kN6 Pp6} ue{af6 hGd]sf hf]8L aRrf hDNofxf . #= clZjgLsdf :jj}{B . odb08 g
f) [;+)] != odfhn] lng] b08 sfnb08 . @=

oyfl:yt lj) [;+)] klxn]em}F x]sf] oyfjt\ x]sf] . oyfl:ylt gf) [;+)] klxn]sf] h:t} l:y
lt oyfjt\ cj:yf . jfb gf) k"jw { f0ffcg;f hg dtdf ljZjf; ub}{ cfOPsf] 5 To;af6 ljr
lnt geO{ l:y xg] Ps l;4fGt l:ylt h:tf] lyof] jf 5 To:t} xf];\ eGg] dt stfjfb . jfb
oyfl:yltjfbsf] cg;0f ug]{ oyfl:yltjfb ;DaGwL . oy]R5 lqm) lj) [;+)] != OR5f ePcg;fs
f] dgdflkms lrtfPadf]lhd . lj) @= kof{Kt kUbf] lrtfPadf]lhdsf] . > oy]R5frf gf) != O
5fcg;fsf] cfr0f cgzf;g jf dof{bfnfO{ jf:tf guL hyfefjL ulg] rfnrng . @= dgf]dfgL ug
]{ sfd pR5[\vn Jojxf . oy]R5frfL lj) != h] ug{ dg nfU5 ToxL sfd ug]{ sg} lgod cgz
] kfng gug]{ :j]R5frfL . oy]lK;t lj) [;+)] rfx]cg;fsf] oy]R5 . oy]i6 lj) [;+)] gf) !
lrtfPhlt rfx]cg;fsf] kof{Kt . lqm) lj) @= OR5fadf]lhd dgdflkms . oyf]St lj) [;+) ]
klxn] h:tf] atfOPsf] 5 To:tf] lgodadf]lhdsf] sygfg;fsf] eg]h:tf] . oyf]lrt lj) [;+)]
!= h:tf] eP 7Ls xG5 To:tf] h:tfsf] t:tf] . @= hlt eP kU5 Tolt oyfof]Uo ;dlrt .
lqm) lj) #= plrt lsl;dn] . obf lqm) lj) [;+)] hlxn] hg ;dodf hltv] . sbf lqm) lj) s
xn]sfxLF sg}sg} ;dodf cfsnemsn . olb lqm) lj) [;+)] ;Defjgfn] ubf{ ;+of]un] ubf{ eg
h:t} olb fd ljfg\ xf] t Zofd klg ljfg\ xf]) . ob gf) [;+)] dxfeftdf jl0f{t fhf oofl
h]7f 5f]f objz + sf k|jt{s fhsdf . j+z gf) dxfeft cflbdf jl0f{t fhf oofltsf 5f]
7f 5f]f obaf6 k|jt{g ePsf] j+zkDkf >Ls[i0f hGd]sf] sn ofbjj+z . ob[R5of lqm) lj) [;
!= h:tf] lrtfOPsf] 5 To;}cg;f sg} lgod jf sf0f geO{sg dgnfUbf] lsl;dn] :j]R5of . @=
;+of]ujz cs:dft\ ckem{6 . ob[R5f gf) [;+)] != OR5fcg;fsf] lqmofsnfk :j]R5fefj dgdfgL
g . @= cfsl:ds ;+of]u . > ob[lR5t lqm) lj) lrtfPh:t} :j]R5fk"j{s dgnfUbf] . oBlk ;+o
f]) [;+)] o;f] eP tfklg xg tf . (pbf) oBlk pm d]f] gft]bf xf]Og, t d p;nfO{ k|]d u5
{) . of ;+of]) [;+)] cyjf jf of . tf lqm) lj) hyfefaL;Fu . oGq gf) [;+)] != snkhf
baf6 rNg] sg} pkof]Uo j:t d]l;g . @= tflGqs ljlwcg;f b]jb]jLsf gfd, cIf, lrq cflb
n]v] agfOPsf], pkf;s jf f]uLn] wf0f ug]{

odb"toxf c;Xo k|xf . #= dflg;sf lgwfdf xg] b'O{ k|sfsf ]vfdWo] Ps . odb"t gf) [;+)]
d{fhsf cf1fn] kfkfTdfxnfO{ oftgf lbg] sfddf vl6Psf b"t wd{fhsf Kofbf . @= sfu . odf
[;+)] != odfhsf] bafsf] 9f]sf . @= d[To'sf] d'v . od ltLof gf) [;+)] sflt{s z'SnkIfs
f] ltLof odk~rssf] clGtd lbg efO6Lsf . od k~rs gf) [;+)] sflt{s s[i0f qof]bzLb]lv sf
lt{s z'Sn ltLof;Ddsf kfFr lbg sfultxfb]lv efOltxf;Ddsf kfFr lbg . odkfz gf) [;+)] !=
kfkLxnfO{ afFw] gslt l3:ofpg] kf;f] odfhsf] kf;f] . @= 7"nf] ;f:tL s7f] oftgf . #=
sfn . odk'L gf) [;+)] != wd{fh odsf] nf]s odfhsf] guL . @= gs f}j cflb cg]s gsnf
f gf) [;+)] gfsLo oftgf gssf] s7f] ;f:tL . odfh gf) [;+)] dfG5] d]kl5 p;sf z'efz'e
] 5fglag uL pko'St kmn k|bfg ug]{ b]jtf lkt[nf]ssf clwb]jtf wd{fh od . odn lj) [;+)]
p6} ue{af6 Ps} a]tdf hlGdPsf h'DNofxf . @= o'un hf]8f hf] . odnf]s gf) [;+)] != dl;s]
l5 hLjn] hfg'kg]{ elgPsf nf]sxdWo] Ps nf]s odk'L wd{gu . @= gs . od'gf gf) [;+)] !=
sL alxgL ;"o{sL 5f]L . @= klZrdf]Q eftaf6 ax] k|ofudf cfO{ u
\ufhLdf ldNg] Ps k|l;4 gb
hd'gf . > od'gf]QL gf) ablsf>dsf] pQlt kg]{ lxdfn od'gf gbLsf] pb\ud:yn . ooflt gf)
)] gx'if fhfsf 5 efO 5f]fdWo] dflxnf 5f]f ob', k'?, cg' cflbsf lktf rGb|j+zsf Ps k|l;
4 fhf zld{i7f b]jofgLsf klt z'qmfrfo{ j[ifkjf{sf h'jfOF . o;L{ gf) [ef]) a)] pv' k]
g] nfdf] sf7sf] vDaf . oj gf) [;+)] != b]jlkt[sfo{sf nflu kljq dflgg] cGgdWo] Ps h
f} . @= jf:t' tyf d"lt{snfdf k|oS ' t, Ps hf}afasf] gfkf] jf tf}n . #= x:t]vflj1fgcg
;f xTs]nf jf k}tfnfsf hf} cfsfsf ]vf . Iff gf) cf}ifwLsf nflu k|of]u xg], hf}sf] a
]6 kf]ns ] f] vfgL hjfvf . Lk gf) hfefLksf] kfgf] gfd . ojg gf) [;+)] != ogfg b
fof]lgof k|fGt jf To;}sf] lgjf;L . @= ogfgL hflt . #= kl5 uP d;ndfg, lqm:tfgh:t
f ljwdL{ ljb]zLxsf nflu k|of]udf cfpg yfn]sf] zAb . $= zL3| ult l56f] rfn . %= 3f]
8f . >
1044

ojlgsf gf) gf6sk|bz{g ulg] d~rdf b[Zokljt{g jf gf6s;dfkg ubf{ nufOg] kbf{ hjlgsf . o
z gf) [;+)] != fd|f] sfd ug]n { ] kfpg] OHht ;sLlt{ fd|f] Voflt . @= k|z+;f tflkm .
oz:s lj) fd|f] sLlt{ jf k|l;l4 xg] gfd rNg] . oz:jfg\ lj) fd|f] oz ePsf] ozzfnL . o
L lj) 7"nf] oz k|fKt u]sf] sLlt{dfg sfod u]sf] k|l;l4 kfPsf] . ozf]ufyf gf) s;}sf] ;T
fo{sf] u0fufg ug]{ sfd ozsf] dlxdfj0f{g . ozf]wf gf) [;+)] uf}td a4sL wd{kTgL fxns
L cfdf uf]kf . oli6oi6L gf) [;+)] != n6\7L . @= nf7f] nf}f] . #= vxsf] xfFuf] zfvf
jf:t tyf d"lt{snfdf ;QL cdnafasf] gfkf]nfO{ aemfpg] zAb ;QL OGrsf] gfkf] . %= h]7Ld
w . o; ;j{) [k|f) Pc:; < ;+) Pt:o] of] ;j{gfd lto{s\ kdf kl0ft xFbf aGg] k hf]a
To; ag]em}F of]af6 aGg] k (o;n], o;df, o;sf], o;af6 cflb) . ~ p;n] lqm) lj) o;sf0f
xgfn] o;lglDt . > o;L lqm) lj) o; k|sfn] o;f] u] o; lsl;dn] . o;} lqm) lj) != o;f
k|sfn] g} . @= o; lsl;dn] oxL tlsfn] . #= vf; sf0f geO{ p;} . $= df]n glnO{sg} l;Q}F
o;f] lqm) lj) [o; cf]] != o; lsl;dn] o;L . (pbf) o;f] grn eg]sf] p;n] dfg]g) . @= otf
. (pbf) To; vf]nfb]lv o;f] d]f] xs 5 .) #= vvL sfdrnfp lsl;dn] . (pbf) d}n] p;nfO{ l
g]sf] 5}g, o;f] af6fdf b]v]sf] dfq} xF .) . lj) $= o:tf] . (pbf) o;f] geg\ .) .
~ p;f] lqm) lj) != h:tf];s  } k|sfn] cNofdNof u] h:tf];s  } eP klg . gf) @= cndn
f . #= xfxf] xf6x6 . $= cfjZos ;fwf0f j:tx h]td ] t ] ] . %= ;fdfGo sfdx cu8dau8d
To;f] lqm) lj)gf) o;f]p;f] . > o;f]L lqm) lj) o;f] u] o;L . o:tL lqm) lj) [o:tf]
f] lsl;dn] o:tf] uL o;L o;f]L . @= olt w]} cf}wL olt ljlw . o:t} lj) [o:tf] P]] !
5 To:t} o;} lsl;dsf] . lqm) lj) @= o:t} uL oxL tlsfn] . o:tf] lj) [of] h:tf]] of]h:tf
o;} lsl;dsf] oxLh:tf] . ~ p:tf] lj) != of]h:tf] pmh:tf] o:tf] p:tf] . @= ;fwf0f lsl
dsf] dfdnL vfnsf] rfgrg] . #= hyfefaL cJojl:yt . oxf lqm) lj) [;+) Ox] != glhssf] s
} lglZrt lglb{i6 7fpFdf o;} 7fpFdf . @= otf oxfFlg jlt . ;j{) #= tkfO{F xh' cfkm
dxfg'efj pxfF jxfF . > oxL lqm) lj) != o;} 7fpFdf oxfF g} . ;j{) @= oxfF :jod\

1045

oxLofg ulPsf] . ofhs lj)gf) [;+)] o1 ug]{ jf ufpg] (JolQm) oi6f . of1jNSo gf) [;+)]
if{ j}zDkfogsf lziodWo] z'Sn oh'j]{bsf] dfWolGbgLo zfvfsf] k|jt{g ug]{ Clif Ps :d
[ltsf . { ofl1s gf) [;+)] != o1 ug]{ jf ufpg] JolQm ljlwk"js ohdfgL sfo{ ug{ hfGg] J
olQm . lj) @= o1 ug]{ clUgxf]qL . ofHo lj) [;+)] != o1sf] lglDt pko'St o1nfos . @=
sg} k|sfn] o1;Fu ;DalGwt . oftgf gf) [;+)] != f]uJofwaf6 jf s6lk6af6 x'g] kL8f ;f:tL
@= kfkfTdfnfO{ odnf]sdf lbOg] tf8gf b08 . k"0f{ lj) oftgfdo . do lj) si6n] elk"0f{
. oftfoft gf) [;+ ) ] != cfjfudg cfpg] h fg] sfd cfjthfjt . @= cfjfudgsf hn, :yn jf
o'dfu{dWo] sg} klg ;fwg af6f]3f6f] . ~ dGqfno gf) oftfoft;DaGwL sfo{sf] lhDd]bfL jxg
ug]{ dGqLsf dftxtdf xg] dGqfno . ~ ljefu gf) pQm dGqfnocGtu{t oftfoft;DaGwL sfo{s
f] ]vb]v ug]{ ljefu . ~ ;ldlt gf) oftfoftnfO{ ;'Jojl:yt fVg u7g x'g] jf oftfoft;DaG
wL sfo{sf] ]vb]v ug]{ ;ldlt . ofqf gf) [;+)] != Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpF;Dd k}bn jf sg
} ;jfL;fwgff hfg] sfd e|d0f ko{6g . @= wfld{s p2]Zon] tLy{:yndf hfg] sfd tLyf{6g . #=
b]jb]jLsf] pT;jdf ulg] d]nf hfqf . $= kb]z hfg] ;fOt k|:yfg . ~ vr{ gf) sfof{noaf6 cG
oq vl6Psf sd{rfLn] kfpg] ofqf tyf ;jfL;fwg;DaGwL vr{ e|d0feQf . > ofqL gf) != ofqf ub
}{ x]sf] JolQm ko{6s a6jf . @= kb]zL . #= tLyf{6gdf lgl:sPsf] dfG5] tLy{ofqL . lj) $
= ofqf ug]{ e|d0fzLn . ofq gf)lj) ofqL . ofb gf) [kmf)] != dly\un jf dgdf xg], lat]
sf sfsf ;Demgf ememNsf] :d[lt ;DemfO x]Ssf ;f}FfO . @= sg} sfsf] cy{;fysf] klro
g yfxf . > ofbufofbufL gf) labf xg] jf d] hfg] cfTdLonfO{ afDaf ;Demfpg] sg} ;fw
] . ofbj gf) [;+)] != dxfeftdf jl0f{t fhf oofltsf h]7f 5f]f obsf ;Dk"0f{ ;Gtfg obj+
z . @= >Ls[i0f . #= laxf, pQk|b]z, dWok|b]z g]kfn tfO{df kfOg] Ps hflt hfba Ujf cl
ofg gf) [;+)] != dfG5] Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf hfgkbf{ jf dfn Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{
7fpF k7fpgkbf{ nfg] ;fwg ;jfLsf] ;fwg OGhgff efL af] S g] ;fwg . @= kf0fsfndf k|o
ljdfg y . #= af}4 wd{sf dxfofg, jh|ofg xLgofgdWo]sf] sg} ofg jf kGy . > ofgflwb]j
correction yakkha

tkfO{F g} . } 6f j:t jf ljifodWo] of] g} oxL lj);j{) [of] O{] w]j oxLrflxF . of! lj)
]) [c) d")] != afns jf x's]{sf dflg; ?Fbfsf] Wjlgsf] cg's0f . gf) @= To:tf] Wjlg o
fFxfF RofF KofF . of@ lqm) lj) [oxfF] != olt yf]} jf w]} dfq} o; xb;Dd dfq} . (pbf)
] ;DklQ eG5f} ofF t xf]Og t htftt} km}lnPsf] kfPF .) . lj) @= yf]} sDtL t clnslt . (
pbf) To;sf] wg eG5f}, ofF t xf]Og t, hlt vr{ u] klg gllQg] x]5) . #= km'n]sf] 7"nf] (
pbf) pm l;fP ofF ePsf] x]5) . dfgsf] lj) != olQ 7"nf] oF" . @= w]} 7"nf] . of ;+o
f)] != b'O{ b'Oe { Gbf w]} ljsNkdf Pp6f f]Hg'kbf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb jf of cyjf (ltdL
, fd|f] of gfd|f] O)) . @= (pbf) wd{ eg]sf] bfg of k'0o xf] ) . lqm) lj) #= ;Dej 5
(of Tof] uof], of pm 5}g O)) . ofs gf) [ef]) a)] != rf}FLufO{sf] efn]nfO{ a'emfpg]
zAb rf}FL uf]? . @= cfhsf lnDa" ltgsf] efiff;Fu ldNg] efiff (afGtfaf, ofvf O)) af
]Ng] fO{hfltsf ;fem] k"j{h . y'd gf) != ofshfltsf] ynf] . @= lnDa"xsf] Onfsf . y'Da
f gf) != lnDa" . @= lnDa"hfltsf] Ps y . y'DaL gf) lnDa"efiff lnDAjfgL . ofsae'rf gf)
[g]jf)] ;fgf], 5f]6f] 8f]nf] sf7sf] 9'
\ufdf Psflt vfnL g} 5f8L csf{lt 5fnfsf kftfn]
df]8L, emfFhaf6 nfdf] wfuf] aflx lgsfnL agfOPsf], 7f]s ] ahfOg] Psdflqs tfnafhf .
ofSvf gf) [;+) oIf] c0fk"j{ j;f]jf; ug]{ cflbjf;L hghflt . > ofvfnL gf) ofvfhfltxsf]
efiff lnDAjfgL efiff;Fu ldNg] Ps vDAjfgL efiff . ofS;fofS;f] gf) [;+) xIf{s] v]tLk
ftL ?
\g a:g] uL agfOPsf] v jf :ofpnfsf] c:yfoL 5fk|f] vf]lof AofF;Llt agfOg] c:yfoL
ofu gf) [;+)] o1 . ofrs lj) [;+)] != c;Fu cGg cflb dfu]/ u'hf/f ug]{ duGt] levf/L . @
= bl/b| ul/a . tf gf) != duGt]kg levf/Lkg . @= bl/b|tf . ofrg gf) [;+)] ofrgf . > of
rgf gf) != dfUg] sfd ofrg . @= ljgoo'St eO{ k|fy{gf ug]{ sfd cg'f]w . ofrgLo lj) ofrg
f ug{ nfos ofrgf ug]{ vfnsf] . oflrsf gf) [;+)] != sg} pRr txdf k|:t't ulg] cfj]bgkq
k|fy{gfkq . @= Gofofnodf k|:t't ulg] chL{kq . oflrt lj) [;+)] != dfu ulPsf] ofrgf eP
sf] . @= k|fy{gf

oflgo'F gf) sg} sd{rfLnfO{ ;jfL fVbf lbg'kg]{ t]n cflbsf] vr{ df]6, df]6;fOsn cflb
d{t, k]6f]n cflbsf lglDt lbg'kg]{ eQf . oflgofg] lqm) lj) [c) ocgL] != jf:tjdf oyfy{
df cyf{t\ . lj) af]) @= s'g} s'/f a'g g;s]sf] l:yltdf km]l a'emfpg] ;Gbe{df JoQm ul
/g] zAb (pbf) oflgofg] sf rflxF clns pN6} 5) . oflGqs lj) [;+)] != oGqsf ;xfotfn] sf
d ulg] oGq;DaGwL snk'hf{sf edf sfd ug]{ . @= s[lqd :jf
] agfj6L . tf gf) != oflGqs
'0f, l:ylt jf k|lqmof . @= dfG5]sf af}l4s r]tgfTds u'0fnfO{ lgliqmo agfO{ s]jn l
dl;gsf edf sfd rnfpg] k4lt oGqsf] bf; x'g] kDkf jf klkf6L . ~ ef}ltsjfb gf) ef}ltsjfb
f] j}1flgs oGqk|lt cfjZostfeGbf w] cf:yfjfg\ x'g] klkf6L . ~ ljlw gf) oGqsf] ;xfotf
n] sg} sfd ug]{ k|lqmof . ~ ;Eotf gf) oGqdf cfl>t cr]nsf] cfw'lgs ;Eotf . > oflGqs
Ls0f gf) sg} klg sfo{ oflGqs lsl;dn] ug{sf] lglDt oGq h'6fpg] Joj:yf . ofkgofkgf gf)
[;+)] != lgjf{xufO lgjf{x sfdrnfO v]kfO . @= hLljsf hLljsf]kfh{g . oflkt lj) [;+)] of
g jf ofkgf ulPsf] . ofaf] gf) [Psf]] 8G8Llaof] v]ndf lhTg]n] KjfOG6 uGbf PsnfO{ a'
emfpg] zAb Psf] . ofd gf) [;+)] != k|rlnt 38Lsf lx;fan] tLg 306f kfgL38Lsf lx;fan]
;f9] ;ft 38Lsf] ;do k|x . @= ;do sfn . #= a]nfavt df};d . ~ 6fOd gf) a]nfavt a]nfdf}
f . ofdn gf) [;+)] != hDNofxf lzz' . lj) @= odn;DaGwL . ofdfg lj) != cfkm"n] ;f]r]
eGbf a9\tf 7"nf] :jfefljstf jf cfjZostfeGbf w]} 7"nf] . @= cToGt jhgbf uxlsnf] . sf]
lj) ofdfg . oflds gf) [;+)] != kfn}kfnf] uL ablng] kx]bf ;do;dodf km]lg] kfn] . lj) @
ofd;DaGwL ;do ;DaGwL . ~ df gf) vf; ;dodf vf; hfltsf] kf]yLn] efn] vf]Hg] k|fs[lts
k|lqmof . ofldgL gf) [;+)] != ft flq . @= xn]bf] . #= odsnsL gfL odL . lj) $= od;DaG
lt;DaGwL d[To;DaGwL . %= ofofjLo . ofDo gf) [;+)] != wd{fhsf k|ltxf/ odb"t . @= blIf
0f lbzf odfh :jfdL ePsf] lbzf . #= j?0fsf 5f]f dflgg] Ps Clif cu:To Clif . $= dnofrn
df xg] rGbg . lj) %= od;DaGwL . ^= wd{ fh;F u ;DalGwt lbzfsf] blIf0fltsf] .
1046

ofofj lj) [;+)] != hLjge ljleGg 7fpFdf 3ldxg] lkmGt] . gf) @= ;GGof; cf>dsf] of]uL
t . #= cZjd]w o1df 5f]l8Psf] 3f]8f . $= 3dGt] hflt . of gf) [kmf)] != dg ldn]sf]
;fyL lxtn] vfPsf] ldq bf]:t . @= csf{sL :qL;Fu cg}lts ;DaGw fVg] JolQm uG8f] hf . of
kmf gf) [c\) Po NofDk] xfjfsf] l5fO lg:sfO ;Gtlnt eO{ w]} rxlsnf] lx;fan] aNg], dL
6 rNg] lrdbf Ps k|bLk nDkmf . ofl gf) [c\) Ool\] sfgsf nf]tLdf tn{\ emlG8g] lx
Og] uxgf sfgsf nf]tLdf nfOg] emDs] uxgf ofln{ . of}l;h} gf) [;+) cfblz{sf] != k|frLg
sfndf cfgf] cgxf x]g]{ sfddf k|of]u ulg] ;fwg P]gfsf] sfd lnOg] ;fwg . @= 3[tR5fof
. ofrf{uD  afofrf{uD  a gf) [ltAa)] lzltsf] c\u emfem}F kfpltsf] c\u sLfsf]
Ps lxdfnL jf ltAatL 8nGt] emf tfutsf] cf}ifwLsf kdf Jojxf ulg] To;}sf] ;s6L . ofln
f) [c\) Ool] sfgsf nf]tLdf ns{g] lx;fan] nufOg] emDs] uxgf ofl . of;f{uD  af gf)
)] x]) ofrf{uDaf . ofn gf) [ts) { ] 3f]8f, l;+x cflbsf ub{gdf knfpg] nfdfnfdf a
fSnf eTnf hu . ofjt\ lqm) lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf j:tsf] lglZrt ]vf;Dd hxfF;Dd .
= ha;Dd hg ;do;Dd . #= hlt kl0ffd;Dd . lj) $= hlt hg kldf0fsf] . %= ;a} g} tdfd ePe
f] . ofjGt lj) [;+)] ePesf] ;a} ;Dk"0f{ ofjt\ . of;f]SofgL gf) [ef]) a) of;f]s ofgL] l
Da" hfltsL Ps k|l;4 b]jL kfFrysf] of;f]s eGg] 7fpFdf cjtf lnPsL egL k|l;4 ePsL lnDa
" ;+:s[ltsL Ps b]jL . log ;j{) [oL] logL ;j{gfdsf] lto{s\ k (h:t} lognfO{, logn], log
sf] cflb .) . tfs lqm) lj) cr]nel cfhsn . logL ;j{) [ ;+) Ptflg] != of] ;j{gfdsf] a
rgsf] k . @= ;Ddfg, cfb, >4f cflb aemfpg] t[tLok?if ;j{gfd oL dxfgefj . oL ;j{) [
;+) oM (of]) O{] of] ;j{gfdsf] axjrg jf cfbfy{df k|of]u xg] k logL . o! gf) [ef])
sg} uxgfxsf aLrdf h8\g] sfddf k|of]u ulg] k|foM xlof]ldl>t
sf] gLnf] lxdfnL jf ef]6n
L kTy .

1047

o'Fo'4 h'xfL . o'u;fk]If lj) [;+)] o'ul;t ;DalGwt o'ufg'sn . tf gf) o'ufg'sn x'g]
jf ljz]iftf . o'uflb gf) [;+)] != o'u jf ljZj;[li6sf] k|fDe ;[li6sf] yfngL . @= o'u
sf] klxnf] lbg ;[li6 ;'? ePsf] lbg . ~ gjdL gf) != sflt{s z'Sn kIfsf] gjdL ltly sidf
08 gjdL (To; lbg cdnfsf km]bdf eft ksfP jgef]h vfOG5) . oufgs"n lj) [;+)] ;docg;
fsf] hg ;dodf h:tf] sf fd|f] dflgG5 To:tf] ou;xfpFbf] . oufgou  lqm) lj) [;+)
= cg]sf}F ou lalt;Sbf;Dd ouf}; F Dd cgGt k|jfx;Dd . gf) @= Pskl5 csf]{ ub}{ laTg
] ouxsf] ;dbfo . oufGt gf) [;+)] != sg} lglZrt dflgg] ;dosf] ;dflKt ousf] clGtd
;do . @= ;[li6sf] k|no . > oufGts lj) != ounfO{ gi6 kfg]{ . @= Ps ou ;dfKt uL c
sf]{ ou Nofpg] . sfL lj) oufGts . > oufGt gf) != bf];|f] ou csf]{ ou . @= oukl
{g . #= ;dokljt{g . ouf]lrt lj) [;+)] ;docg;fsf] huhdfgf ;xfpFbf] oufgsn . ouf
gf) [;+) o'ucf}] F != cg]s o'u . lqm) lj) @= h'ufgh'u . o'Ud lj) [;+)] != hf]8f o'u
n h'DNofxf . @= cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGw ePsf o'un G . gf) #= afx| flzdWo] t];|f] flzsf] gf
y'g . > o'Uds lj) != hf]8f h'DNofxf o'Ud . @= Pscsf{df ;lDdlnt x'g] . gf) #= :qLk'?
ifsf haLhf0f'sf] d]n ePsf] cj:yf . o'Udh lj) h'DNofxf . o't lj) [;+)] != ldn]sf] ;+o
'St . @= ;lxt o'St . o'4 gf) [;+)] k:k/ljf]wL b'O{ bnsf aLrdf Psn] csf{nfO{ bdg ug],
{ xfpg], dfg]{ cflb p2]Zon] ulg] cfqmd0f n8fOF ;
\u|fd h'2] s6s . ~ If]q gf) k:ksf
e8\g] 7fpF n8fOF ePsf] jf x'g] 7fpF o'4e"ld . ~ klifb\ gf) o'4 yfNg], ;~rfng ug]{ p2
]Zon] u7g ulPsf] ljz]if ;ldlt . kf]t gf) hnIf]qdf o'4 ubf{ kfgLd'lg leqleq klg lxF
8g \ ] n8fs gfp n8fs ;fgf] kfgLhxfh jf df]6 . ~ aGbL gf) o'4sf ;dodf zq'kIfn] kS8] y'
s ] f] ljkIfL ;]gf jf of]4f . ~ e"ld gf) o'4If]q 0fIf]q . ~ ljBf gf) o'4;DaGwL z:qf:
q k|of]u;Fu ;DalGwt ljBf ;fdls lj1fg . ~ ljfd gf) k:kaf6 rs]{sf] n8fOFnfO{ f]Sg] sfd
eGg pkfon] o'4nfO{ f]Sg] sfd . ljfd ]vf gf) o'4ljfd ubf{ tf]lsPsf] xbaGbL . ~ jL g
o'4 ug]{ sfddf 7"nf] kfqmd b]vfpg] JolQm . @= jL; k|wfg x'g] gf6s, sfJo cflbdf xg]
gfos bfgjL, wd{jL o'4jL oL tLgdWo] t];f | ] jL/ . #= o'4;DaGwL jLtf k|bz{g

o'@ lj) [oxfFpm] != ofFdfgsf] . lqm) lj) @= ofF . { Gbf a9L j:t' cyjf tjx o'St lj)
;+)] != b'O{ jf b'Oe hf]lPsf] ldn]sf] ;+oS ' t . @= o'lSt;
\ut ;d'lrt plrt . #= ;fy}df
]sf] ;lxtsf] k"0f{ (:g]xo'St, efjo'St O)) . gf) $= of]ufEof; u]sf] of]uL . ~ k gf) ;+
oS ' t cj:yfsf] k ldl>t k . o'lSt gf) [;+)] != sg} klg ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg ug]{ pkfo h'St
. @= sf}zn rft'o{ . #= sg} ljifo k|:t't ug{ cfjZos kg]{ a7fOF ts{ . $= PseGbf a9\tf
tjxsf] ;+o'St k of] u ldng . %= rfn9fn tf} tlsf . ^= cn
\sfzf:qsf cg';f sg} t
6fnfO{ n'sfpg] k|;
\usf] j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n
\sf . &= cf}lrTo . ~ k"0f{tf gf) o'l
Sto'St cj:yf pkfo k|fKt ePsf] cj:yf . ~ d"ns lj) o'lSt jf ts{n] plrt 7xlg] a'l4;
\ut .
~ o'St lj) ts{k0 " f{ o'lSt;
\ut . ~ ;
\ut lj) o'lSt jf ts{x k"} ldn]sf] o'lStk"0f{
'St . ~ ;Ddt lj) pkfo;lxtsf] ts{;Ddt tYodf cfwflt . o'STofef; gf) [;+)] aflxaf6 x]bf{
a'l4dQfk"0f{ nfUg] t jf:tjdf tYoxLg sf] em'lSsP ;xL b]lvg] uL kg]{ efg cfef; dfqdf cf
flt pko'Sttf . o'lSnK6; gf) [c
\) o"lslnK6;] ;]tf lrNnf k]sf km]b jf xfFuf x'g], dl;g
f nfDrf xNsf xlof kft x'g] Ps j[Ifljz]if d;nfsf] j[If . o'u gf) [;+)] != h'g;'s} b'
O{j6f j:t'sf] ;d"x hf]8f o'Ud . @= nf]s;+:sfcg;f afx| jif{sf] ;dofjlw . #= y, xnf],
f8L cflbdf gflg] uf]?sf sfFwdf nufOg] hjf . $= kf}fl0fs sfnljefhgcg;f ;To, q]tf, fk
slndWo] sg} Ps . %= ;do a]nfavt hdfgf . ^= Oltxf;df sg} dxjk"0f{ 36gf, sfo{, JolQm cf
bff k|efljt Pj+ ;+l1t sfnfjlw (h:t} kf}fl0fs ou, kfiff0fou, zfxou O)) . &= jf:t
tyf d"lt{snfdf rf OGrafasf] gfkf] . ~ r]tgf gf) oucgsnsf] r]tgf ou;xfpFbf] jf ou
g;fsf] 1fg ouaf]w . ~ wd{ gf) sg} klg ;dodf cgsn 7flgO{ rNb} u]sf] wd{ oucg;f
d{ . ~ gfos gf) ounfO{ plrt dfu{df xfFSg] k|ltef sg} lglZrt ;dosf nflu k|dv dflgg
] JolStTj . ~ k?if gf) sg} lglZrt ;dosf ;Ldfleq dxfg\ JolQmTj :yflkt ug{ ;kmn ePs
f] JolQm ougfos . ~ k|jt{s lj) gofF dfGotf d"No :yflkt uL ounfO{ g} gofF df]8df l
xF8fpg] ounfO{ gofF lbzf lbg] gofF ousf] k|jt{g ufpg] . ~ efu gf) ;ff ouxsf] sg}
r0f . oun lj) [;+)] != hf]l8Psf] hf]lN6Psf] hf]8f . @= hDNofxf oUd odn . ~ uLt gf
|d ] Lk|l] dsf ldn] ufOg] uLt

olwli7/of]u xg] s[ltsf] gfos . ~ zf:q gf) o4ljBf . ~ :yug gf) != o4 rls{x]sf a]n
fdf :yfoL jf c:yfoL ;Demf}tf xge  Gbf klg klxn] g} o4 f]Sgkg]{ l:ylt n8fOF aGb
ugk { g]{ cj:yf . @= c:yfoL o4ljfd . olwli7 gf) [;+)] dxfeft, kf0f cflbsf cg;f
f08fhfsL fgL sGtLsf ue{af6 hGd]sf tLg efO 5f]fdWo]sf h]7f k~rkf08jdWo]sf klxnf efO h
7f kf08j wd{fh . ogfg gf) [lu|) cfof]lgofo"gfg] != of]ksf] Ps b]z lu|; . @= ld;| b]
sf] Ps k|fGt ofof]lgof . > ogfgL lj) != ogfgsf] ogfgl;t ;DaGw ePsf] ogfg;DaGwL .
gf) @= ogfgsf lgjf;L ogfg;Fu ;DalGwt j:t jf JolQm . #= lu|;n ] L efiff . olg
6 gf) [c\)] sg} klg j:tsf] Go"gtd PsfO PsPs efudf 5fpg ;lsg] j:tsf] PsfO . olgkmd
gf) [c\)] != sg} ljz]if ;+:yf jf sfof{no;Fu ;DalGwt cf}krfls klxg ;DalGwt ;a}n] nufpg
kg]{ ldNbf]hNbf] ;fem] kf];fs . @= tfgfafgf abL{ . olgog gf) [c\)] sg} txsf hgtf,
ljBfyL{, dhb cflbsf] ;\u7g, ;ldlt jf ;\3 . olof gf) [c\)] s[lifIf]qdf k|of]u ulg]
k|sfsf] f;folgs dn d"qh dnd"qh gfO6f]hg dn . olnf] gf) cUnf] af]6 xg] ;fwf0f cf
fbf kft xg], kx]Fnfdf sfnf 6Lsf6Lsf k]sf km"n kmNg] SofK;nsf cfsfsf kmn kmNg] lx
dfnL e]sdf xg] Ps jgf}ifwL . ol] ;of gf) [of]k Pl;of] != of]k Pl;ofsf] ;fem] gfd
@= of]k Pl;ofnfO{ Ps} dxfb]z 7fgL flvPsf] Ps gfd . of]k gf) [c\)] ;+;fsf 5j6f dx
zdWo]sf] Ps dxfb]z clk|msfsf] pQdf Pl;ofsf] klZrddf kg]{ dxfb]z . > of]lkog lj) of
kLo . of]kLo lj) [c\) of]k ;+) O{o] of]k;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] of]k;DaGwL of]kdf xg
f]kn ] L . ~ ;femf ahf gf) klZrdL of]ksf s]xL b]zxn] eG;f cflb ldgfxf uL cfk;df v
n] n]gb]g ug{ ldNg] uL :yfkgf u]sf] ;femf ahf . of]kn ] L lj) [of]k PnL] of]k;Fu
wt of]ksf] of]kLo . ojs gf) [;+)] ;fdfGo kdf ;f]x| jif{dfly rfnL; jif{dl gsf] k
f t?0f ojf tGg]L . Tj gf) tGg]Lkgf . ~ ;\u7g gf) != ojsxsf] pGglt, lxt sNof0
ojfzlQmnfO{ rgfTds sfo{df ;+nUg ufpg] p2]Zn] agfOPsf] ;\u7g . @= ojsxsf] ;\u7g . o
jltojtL gf) [;+)] != hjfg :qL k6\7L cfOdfO{ t?gL . lj) @= k6\7f] pd]sL hjfg (:qL) .
1048

ojfh gf) [;+)] u2Lgl;g fhfsf pQflwsfL . > ojfhflwfh gf) x]) oj/fh . ojf1L gf)
ojfhsL ljjflxtf fgL ojfgL . @= ojfhflwfhsL kTgL . ojf gf) [;+)] t?0f hjfgLn] g
f] a9fOFn] g5f]Psf] JolQm . ~ lk9L gf) != sg} ;dosf] ;Ldfleq afn, o'jf, j[4 dflgg]
k':tfdWo] ;a}eGbf tGg]L k':tf . @= tGg]Lx ldnL g]kfnL ;flxTosf] pGgltsf nflu rnfPsf
] Ps cleofg . ~ ju{ gf) tGg]Lxsf] ;d'bfo . o"sf gf) [;+)] != jf:t' tyf d"lt{snfdf k|
of]u x'g] Ps h'd|fafasf] gfkf] . @= h'd|f] hd|f] . o"y gf) [;+)] != Ps} hftsf hLjxsf]
;d"x ayfg hdft aufn . @= ;]gf z:qf:qn] ;lHht kmf}h . r lj) aufnsf aufn eP lxF8g \
Lj) x"n afFw ] lxF8g \ ] .~ ljjfx gf) != b'Oe { Gbf w]} k'?ifn] Pp6L cfOdfO{ ;fem] :
jf:gL agfpg] uL ug]{ ljjfx . @= kz'df s]xL kIfLsf aLrdf kfOg] ;fd"lxs of}gfrf . >
o"lysf gf) h'xL (km"n) . o"k gf) [;+)] != alnsf lglDt kz' NofP o1j]bLsf jlkl afFlwg]
vDaf df}nf] . @= ljhosf] :dfssf kdf pEofOPsf] lrXg ljho:tDe . u|fd gf) lnR5ljsfnsf]
s k|l;4 a:tL (nlntk'sf] k"j{gfd) . o]g gf) [hfkf)] hfkfgsf] d'b|f . o]gs]g lqm) lj)
[;+)] h'g;'s} k|sfn] sg} g sg} k|sfn] o]gs]g k|sf]0f . ~ k|sf]0f lqm) lj) sg} g
'g;'s} k|sfn] . o} ;j{) [oxL] of] g} oxL . of] ;j{) [;+) PifM] != k|yd k'?if, Psjrgd
f peo ln
\usf lglDt k|of]u x'g] ;fj{gflds zAb ljelQm nfUbf o; x'g] ;j{gfdsf] ;n k . lj
@= glhs x]sf] j:t'nfO{ b]vfpg] ;fj{gflds ljz]if0f oxfFg]sf] otfltsf] (h:t} of] 3, o
, of] dflg; O)) . of]u gf) [;+)] != sg} b'O{ j:t' k:kdf ldNg] jf hf]l8g] sfd ldnfO hf
8fO ;+of]u . @= ;DaGw ;Dks{ . #= cfk;L x]nd]n d]nlknfk . $= ul0ftdf hf]8\g] sfd jf
lqmof hf]8 hDdf . %= sg} klg sfd jf sfsf] pko'Qmtf jf cg'sntf . ^= To:tf] fd|f] ;do
;fOt . &= od, lgod cf;g, k|f0ffofd, k|Tofxf/ wf0ff, Wofg ;dflwsf] ci6f
\uof]u . *=
lrQnfO{ O{Zjdf nLg ufpgsf nflu Psfu| x'g] sfo{ df]Ifsf] pkfo . (= lrQsf] r~rn j[lQn
fO{ f]Sg] sfd j}fUo . !)= kmlnt Hof]ltifsf cg';f u|xx ljz]if l:yltdf h'6g \ fn] kg{ c
fpg] z'e jf cz'e of]u . !!= Hof]ltifzf:qsf dtdf ltly, jf, gIfq, of]u s0f;d]t ldn] a
Gg] kfFr c
\udWo]sf] Ps ljisDe, k|Llt, cfo'idfg\

1049

of]lugLof]hg j}i0fjL, jffxL, OGb|f0fL, rfd'08f dxfnIdL) . *= ltlysf cfwfdf k"j{ cfl
b lbzfdf lgjf; ug]{ (gfLxn] ofqf ubf{ afg'{kg]{ tyf ;fd'Gg] bfofF kbf{ clgi6 kmn l
bg]) sfnof]lugL . (= hGd gIfqdf tLgsf] c
\s hf]8] cf7n] z]if ubf{ xg] c
\ssf cfwfdf qmd
zM d
\unf, lk
\unf, wfGof, e|fdL, elb|sf, pNsf, l;4f, ;
\s6f uL cf7j6f of] l ugL ;" o f{
l b u| x sf kTgLsf kdf dflgg] bzf (;"ol { k
\unf, rGb|d
\unf, ef}de|fdL, a'welb|sf, u'
?wfGof, z'qml;4f, zlgpNsf fx';
\s6f ) . ~ rqm gf) Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f of]lugLsf] l:ylt,
lgb]z { g kmn ljrf ug]{ rqm . ~ bzf gf) of]lugLsf] bzf . of]lufh gf) [;+)] of]uLxdf
>]i7 of]uL w]} 7"nf of]uL of]uLGb| . of]uL lj) [;+)] != ;+o'St hf]l8Psf] . gf) @= of]
u;fwgf ug]{ JolQm of]ufEof; ug]{ ;Gt . #= o'St, o'~hfg o'St ljo'St;d]t tLg k|sfsf
of]uLdWo] sg} klg l;4 k'?if of]uk'?if . $= hf]uL . > of]uLGb| gf) of]lufh of]uLZj .
f) of]uLsf lglDt ;Ddfghgs ;Daf]wg of]lufh . of]uLZj gf) != >]i7 of]uL of]uLxdf ;j{>]i
dxfTdf of]u]Zj . @= dxfb]j lzj . #= s[i0f eujfg\ . of]uZ ] j gf) [;+)] != of]u;fwg u
sf] k'?if l;4 k'?if . @= s[i0f eujfg\ . #= dxfb]j lzj . of]Uo lj) [;+)] != sfd ;kmn
tfk"js { ug]{ zlQm, ;Lk, u'0f cflb ePsf] nfos hfGg] l;kfn' . @= sg} kb, sfd, lhDd]bfL
cflbsf nflu 7Ls dflgg] pko'St . #= ljBf, u'0f, an, ljj]s cflbsf b[li6n] pRr:tsf]
. $= Gofo;
\ut d'gfl;a plrt . of]Uotf gf) [;+)] != Jojxf, sfo{ jf lzNksf] nflu cfjZos
1fg, cg'ej zlQm Nofst ;fdYo{ Ifdtf bIftf . @= sg} ljifosf] cfjZos 1fg hfgsfL . #=
fls cg'ej . ~ qmd gf) 1fg, u'0f, lzIff cflbdf k|fKt u]sf] :tsf cfwfdf lgwf{lt x'g] qm
of]Uotfsf cfwfdf tf]lsg] qmd . ;f gf) of]Uotfsf] ;fe"t tj of]Uotfsf] lgwf{0f ug]{
t tj . ~ kLIff gf) != k|jl] zsf, kLIffdf ;fd]n x'g of]Uo ePgePsf] 5fGgsf lglDt dfWol
ds txsf ljBfnoxaf6 lnOg] kLIff NofsthfFr (6]:6 kLIf0f) . @= of]Uotf hfFRg] sg} klg kL
ff . of]hs lj) [;+)] != PseGbf a9\tf rLh jf ljifonfO{ Ps} 7fpF ldnfpg] hf]8\g] . @
= of]hgf ug]{ cfof]hgf ldnfpg] . #= Joj:yfkg ug]{ k|aGws . of]hg gf) [;+)] != k:ksf]
d]nldnfk . @= hf]8\g] sfd PsLs0f . #= jf:t'snfdf Jofks cy{df k|of]u x'g] sf]; sf] rf
gfafasf] gfkf] rf sf]; ndfOsf] gfkf] .

cflb ;QfO;j6f of]usf] ;fem] gfd . !@= ltly gIfqsf ;+of]un] kg{ cfpg] cfgGb, sfnb
08 cflb ;QfO;j6f of]u . !#= Hof]ltifsf dtdf l;l4 cd[t gfdsf of]u . !$= 5j6f bz{g
dWo] Ps of]ubz{g . !%= 6gfdgf jzLs0f . !^= tftDo ;a} yf]ssf] ede]6 sfstfnL . !&= 5
6sf] Jojxf wf]sf . !*= nfe kmfObf cfDbfgL . If]d gf) != k|fKt j:tsf] ;Iffsf lglDt
oTgt xg] ck|fKt j:tsf] k|flKtsf lglDt bQlrQ xg] sfd . @= fi6sf] zflGt;Iff ;Jo
#= hLjglgjf{xsf] sfd . $= sznd\unsf] ;dfrf kLlkfp, cffdljfd cflbsf] hfgsfL . ~ bz
nfO{ Psfu| kn] O{Zjdf nLg ufpg] zf:q of]uzf:q . bfg gf) sg} sfddf dxjk"0f{ ;xfotf
sfd ;xeflutf . ~ wf0ff gf) of]udf Psfu| eO{ WofgdUg ePsf] cj:yf of]uwf0f u]sf] cj:yf
~ lgb|f gf) != of]udf cjl:yt dxfk?ifsf] ;dflw ;dflwsf cj:yfsf] lgb|f . @= ousf
cGTodf xg] k|nocj:yfdf nfUg] lji0fsf] lgb|f . kmn gf) ul0ftdf ljleGg ;\Vof hf]8\
bf xg cfpg] pQ of]usf] kl0ffd . an gf) of]usf] ;fwgaf6 k|fKt xg] O{ZjLo zlQm . d
gf) != ;dflw cj:yfdf k|fKt xg] cnf}lss zlQm . @= eujtL dxfdfof . #= O{Zjsf] ;[hgz
lQm k|s[lt . ~ dfu{ gf) O{Zjk|flKtsf ljleGg dfu{dWo] Ps dfu{ . 9 lj) != of]u g} 9 e
] . @= Jofs0fdf of}lus b]lvP klg cy{rflxF 9 ePsf] . ~ zf:q gf) of]uljBf . ~ ;"q gf)
dxlif{ kt~hlnsf] of]u;DaGwL ;"q;\u|x of]ubz{g . > of]ufTdf gf) of]uL . of]ufgzf;g g
f) of] u zf:qn] atfPsf] cg z f;g . of] u fEof; gf) of]uzf:qadf]lhd of]usf cf7}j6
f c\uxsf] ljlwk"js { sf] cgi7fg of]usf] ;fwg of]ufgzf;gsf] kfng . of]ufEof;L lj) of
]usf] ;fwgdf nLg . of]uf>d gf) != of]usf] cEof; ug]{ d7 of]u;fwgfsf] cf>d . @= of]
u l;sfpg] 7fpF of]ufEof; ufpg] :yn . of]uf;g gf) of]u ubf{ a:g] kf;g, :jl:tsf;g, eb|
f;g, jh|f;g jLf;gdWo]sf] sg} Ps cf;g of]u ubf{ a:g] ljlw . of]lugL gf) [;+)] != of]u
fEof; ug]{ gfL hf]lugL tk:jL gfL . @= sf7df8f}F pkTosfdf x]sf rf b]jL (jh|of]lugL, a|
dof]lugL, gLntff of]lugL ljho]ZjL of]lugL) dWo] sg} Ps . #= eujtLsf gffo0fL, uf}L, z
sDeLnufot rf}F;6\7L ;xrfLdWo] sg} Ps . $= cfiff9 s[i0fkIfsf] PsfbzL . %= 0flkzflrgL 0
r08L . ^= ci6b]jL (z}nkqL, a|Xdrfl0fL, rGb|306f, :sGbdftf, sidf08L, sfnflq, sfTofo
gL dxfuf}L) . &= Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f ljz]if ltlydf ljz]if lbzfdf xg] b]jL lb\dftf (a|f
dL, dfx]ZjL, sf}dfL,

of]hgfof}jfHo uGwf gf) != dxlif{ kfzsf jLo{af6 Jof; hGdfpg] gfL ;TojtL dT:ouGwf . @
"L . of]hgf gf) [;+)] != sg} klg sfo{ Jojl:yt kdf ;~rflnt ug{sf lglDt klxn] g} lgwf{
lt ulg] sfo{qmd jf k]vf sfd l;4 ug{ rflxg] ;fwg, pkfo, Joj:yf cflbsf] k"j{lglZrt tofL
. @= hg;s} sfo{sf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] jf cfof]hgf ug]{ sfd ;dfof]hgf . #= sfo{qmd .
$= Joj:yf k|aGw . %= k|of]u Jojxf . ^= hf]8g \ ] sfd hf]8fO ldnfg . ~ cfof]u gf) ;s
tof kfg]{ of]hgf;DaGwL sfo{sf lglDt ul7t cfof]u fli6o of]hgf cfof]u . sf gf) of]hgf
lj:t[t k]vf tof ug]{ JolQm . ~ k|dv  gf) of]hgf ;~rfng ug]{ sd{rfL;d"xsf] k|dv  J
olQm of]hgfsf] dVo JolQm . a4 lj) k"jl{ gwf{lt of]hgfdf cfwflt ;lgof]lht . ~ dGqfn
gf) b]zsf of]hgf;DaGwL ;Dk"0f{ sfo{;~rfng ulg] lx;fan] ul7t dGqfno of]hgf x]g]{ dG
qLsf] sfof{no . ljb\ lj) != of]hgfsf af]df kof{Kt 1fg ePsf] of]hgf th{df ug{ cfjZo
s kg]{ 1fg ePsf] . gf) @= of]hgf th{df ug{ hfGg] JolQm . #= of]hgf cfof]usf] ;b
:o . ~ :yn gf) != of]hgf ;~rfngsf lglDt 5flgPsf] jf pkoSt 7fpF . @= of]hgf rNb}
u]sf] 7fpF of]hgfIf]q . of]hgLo lj) [;+)] hf]8\g nfos hf]8\gkg]{ . of]lht lj) [;+)]
!= hf]l8Psf] . @= of]hgf ulPsf] of]hgfsf kdf NofOPsf] . of]Ho lj) [;+)] hf]8\g nfos o
f]hgLo . of]4f gf) [;+)] != o4 ug]{ JolQm . @= jL o4jL . #= ;}lgs JolQm . lj) $= o
4 ug]{ . %= alnof] axfb hf]wf . of]wf lj) [;+)] x]) of]4f . of]lg gf) [;+)] != sg}
:t pTkGg xg] :yfg pb\ud:yfg pTklQ:yn . @= :qLhfltsf] d"q]lGb|o jf lk;faf . #= kf0f
cg;f hLjn] a]xf]g{kg]{ rf}f;L nfv hGddWo] sg} Ps . $= hGd rf]nf hgL . %= vfgL cfs
u6sf gf) eugf;f . h lj) kf7]3leq} ;Dk"0f{ cfsf u|x0f u] dfq} hGdg] . ~ kLIfs gf)
lgsf] kLIf0f ug]{ jf hfFraem ug]{ oGq of]lg hfFRg] ;fdfg . lj) @= of]lgsf f]u;DaGw
L 1fg ePsf] of]lgkLIf0f ug]{ . ~ kLIf0f gf) :qLhfltsf] of}gf\u kLIf0f ug]{ sfd of]lg
]u, l:ylt cflbsf] hfFr ug]{ sfd . ~ dfu{ gf) of]lgfsf] af6f] of]lgfb]lv kf7]3;Ddsf]
f] . ~ dbf | gf) cf}n F fxaf6 of]lgsf] cfsf agfOg] Ps tflGqs db|f . ~ oGq gf) !=
dlGb jf wd{kL7df k|aGw ulPsf] kfkf jf wd{f . @=
1050

of]lg . ~ zf]y gf) :qLhfltsf] of}gf\u ;lGgg] jf bVg]  g gf) of]lg vlDrg] sfd of]
lgsf] vDRofO . f]u . ~ ;\sr ~ ;Dej lj) of]lgh . of]gL gf) [;+)] x]) of]lg . of]dL gf
[g]jf)] rfdnsf] kL7fsf] 8NnfnfO{ afofF xTs]nfdf fv] bflxg] xftsf] rf] cf}Fnfn] lyR
b} leq vf]qmf] kfL To; efudf rfs, df;, d:of}f], df;, vjf jf k"hfsf nflu bOr { f u
]8f rfdn fvL efF8fsf] dv aGb u] jfikkfsff ksfOg] vfB j:t . of]iffof]liftf gf) [;+)
fOdfO{ :qL . of}lus lj) [;+)] != bO{ jf bOe { Gbf a9L j:t jf tj ldn]sf] ;+oSt .
@= Jofs0fsf cg;f k|s[lt k|Too ldn] ag]sf] JoTkGg . #= bO{ jf a9L zAb dfq ldn] ag]
f] . gf) $= bO{ jf o;eGbf klg a9L u0f, tj cflb ldl>t eP ag]sf] j:t jf tj . ~ zAb
gf) != k|sl[ t k|Too ldn] ag]sf] zAb JoTkGg zAb . @= bO{ jf o;eGbf klg w]} zAb ld
nL ag]sf] zAb ;+oSt zAb . of}6f lj) [ Pp6f] Ps dfq ;\Vof ePsf] Psj6f dfq Pp6f . of}l
s lj) [;+)] o4;DaGwL . > of}l4sL gf) o4zf:q (ldln6L ;fOG;) . of}w]o gf) [;+)] != o
f]4f 0fjL . @= pQ eftsf] Ps k|frLg hflt jf u0f . of}g lj) [;+)] != of]lg;DaGwL of]lg
. gf) @= k?if :qLsf] ;Dks{ d}yg  . ~ lqmof gf) ;Gtfgf]Tkfbgsf] sfd d}yg ug]{ sf
d ;Def]u ug]{ sfd . ~ ljsf gf) != ;Def]u jf d}yglqmofaf6 pTkGg xg] f]u . @= d}ygs
f sf0faf6 hlGdg] dfgl;s ljsf . ~ Jofkf gf) != of}gsfo{ rnfP b|Jo cfh{g ug]{ sfd b|Jo
fh{gsf lglDt j] Z ofJoj;fo ug] { sfd . @= of} g ;DaGwL cfr0f of}gJojxf . > of}lgs lj
) d}yg  lqmofaf6 pTkGg ePsf] ;Def]uaf6 hGd]sf] of]lgaf6 k}bf ePsf] . of}jg gf) [;+
)] hg;s} k|f0fLsf] afNo cj:yfeGbf kl5 j[4 cj:yfeGbf cl3sf] pd] t?0f cj:yf ojf cj
:yf . kik gf) cfOdfO{ t?gL 5Fbf of]lgaf6 emg]{ h . klikt b]xntf gf) hjfgLn] k"0f{
ePsf] zL hjfgLn] elPsf] hLp . of}jflhs lj) [;+)] ojfh;DaGwL . of}jfHo gf) [;+)]
kb, clwsf jf bfloTj . > of}jfHofleif]s gf) fhu2Lsf pQflwsfL fhsdfnfO{ ojfhsf] :
krflstfk"j{s :yfkgf ulg] ljlwk"j{ssf] cleif]s .

1051
/s]6

/
! b]jgfu/L j0f{dfnfsf] ;tfO;f}F Jo~hgj0f{ d"4G{ o, cGtM:y
;3f]if, cNkk|f0f, k|slDkt Jo~hgWjlg n]Vo kdf ;f] Wjlg jf j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ l
nlklrXg vfFa] . @ ;+of]) [;+) ck] != bO{ ;dfg kb, kbfjnL jf jfSo hgfpgnfO{ hf] 8 \
g ] zAb of] h s zAb tyf clg . @= o;sf0f (pbf) ltdLn] af]nfof} d cfPF) . lqm) lj) #=
o;kl5 clg (pbf) d}n] p;nfO{ lgs} ufnL u]F . lgkf) $= jfSofGtdf cfO{ k|Zgsf] cfzo a
emfpg] lgkft (pbf) d}n] eg]sf] lyPF / <) . SofO gf) [ fls (ofO)] fFlsg] efj, lqmof
lqmof . [ > ] SofOg' s) lqm) fFlsg] t'NofOg' . Sofpg' k|) ] lqm) fFlsg] t'Nofpg' .
) FSofO . u\g ;) lqm) [Fu g] != nufpg] sfd ug{ eg{ \g Fufpg . @= e
xf]OgnfO{ xf] kfg{ . u gf) [;+)
\u] x]) /
/
\u . u?6 gf) [c
\) lqm'6] != ;]gf,
;]jfdf egf{ x'g] gofF JolQm ;}lgs jf kN6gdf uPsf] dfG5] . @= h'g;'s} sfdsf] cEof;
df nfu]sf] JolQm l;sf? dfG5] . ufO gf) [ u\ - cfO)] != FUg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
O] @= Fufpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ufOg' s) lqm)
nufpg] sfd ul/g' /
el/g'
g' ;) lqm) /
nufpg] sfd ug'{
\u nfpg'
eg'{ jf kf]Tg'
\uLg t'Nofpg'
fpg' .
fd x'g'
r9\g'
kf]ltg' . @= dfbs kbfy{n] n6\7 kg'{ gzf nfUg' . #= c ;dfhdf ldNg'
$= ;+;u{ jf kll:yltaf6 cfk"m klg k|efljt x'g' . lunf] lj) [FuOnf]] x])
\lunf] .
) [ lFuP6f]] != sfdsf] r6ff] sfd w]} kgf{n] x'g] emd]nf . @= lFu6f l
6f rSs .
f] g] != cg]s lsl;dsf sfdsf emd]nfdf km;fpg sfdsfhdf cndNofpg . @= lkf]Ng xF8Ng
. #= layf]Ng efF8\g . > un ] fO gf) Fu]Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . u]nfOg' s) lq
] g] sfd ulg' Fu]nf] agfOg' . un ] fpg' k|) ] lqm) FuN ] g nufpg' FuN ] g] sfd u
fx6 gf) Fun ] fO . un ] fxf lj) FuN ] g] vfnsf] Fu]nfOdf kfg]{ . u]lng' c) lqm)
fd x'g' ?dlng' . s) lqm) @= Fu]Ng] sfd ulg' . un ] f] gf) [FuPnf]] w]} sfdsf] cJoj
d]nf cg]s sfdsfsf] af]em em}emd]nf r6ff] n7ff] . uN ] ofO gf) [Fu]lncfO] Fu]l
k|lqmof . wfO gf) [ fw\ (cfO)] fFWg] jf ksfpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] wfOg' s) l
ufOg' . wfpg' k|) ] lqm) fFWg] sfd ufpg' fFWg nfpg' . lwg' s) lqm) fFWg] sfd ul
[c) O{;] != ;'v;on ug{ kof{Kt ;DklQ ePsf] JolQm ;fx"sf ;DkGg dfG5] wgLdfgL . @= 7"nf
]a8f] dfG5] a8fL . p gf) [;+) f]d] zLdf pd|g] j:t' pd] hfltcg';f sfnf], ;]tf],
nf] cflb
sf dl;gf s]z f}F e'Tnf . pt]nf] gf) [fptPnf]] != f}t]nf] fhsdf . @=
[;+) e;j]u] f}; pT;'stf . > p;] lj) p; ug]{ l;nf] :jefjsf] f};] . sd gf) [c)]
. @= sfuhL cf}krflstf ldnfpg] sfd Jojxfsf] aGbf]a:t :ofxf;|]:tf . #= k|sf efFtL tl
$= hUuf, k;n, pBf]u, 7]Ssfkf cflbsf] b}b:t' s z'Ns . %= 3fo;L sfdsf lgldQ hflubfn]
labf sd{rfLn] kfpg] 3labf . ^= fh:jafkt nfUg] s z'Ns . &= ljz]if cj;df ;sfn] hgtf
pg] >d emfnf{
\uL emff . ~ snd gf) != sdsf] 5'f5'} pNn]v ePsf] kmfF6jfL ljleGg zLi
{sdf pNn]v ePsf sdsf] ljj0f sdsf] xlx;fa . @= }sd . ~ aGbf]a:t gf) 7]Ssfkf, kf]t c
Sg] sfd sd tf]Sg] sfd . ~ aGbf]a:t c8\8f gf) To:tf] sfd ug]{ c8\8f . > sdfGt gf) Ps z
if{scGtu{t lgsf;f ePsf] sdnfO{ csf]{ zLif{sdf ;fg]{ sfd sdsf] pN6fkfN6L . sdL lj) !=
dsndsf sfdf Hofb} ;ts{ xg] :ofxf;|]:tfsf ;DaGwdf Hofb} kf]Vt . @= c8\8fcbfntsf] ddfld
fdf k|z:t cgejL . sf gf) [;+)] cIf cGt:y j0f{sf] bf];|f] cIf o eGbf kl5 n
Fa] . > sfLejg gf) cGo Wjlgn] kljt{g eO{ xg] sfd ]kmLejg (h:t} 3f]8f3f]f, 5
s]6 gf) [c\)] != cGtlIfdf k|If]k0f ulg] dfgjlxt jf dfgj;lxt ofg pku|xsf kdf 5f]l8g
. @= o4df jf cToGt l56f] sfddf k|of]u xg] Ps jfoofg . #= o4 cflbdf xof{P k|x
f ulg] lj:kmf]6s If]Kof:q . lj) $=

/Sv]/If0f l56f] a]lunf] . Sv] gf) [;+) /Iff] x]) /Iff /R5] . ~ dfnf gf) x]) Iffdfnf
gf) [;+)] != ?lw ut . @= ftf] nfn . #= tfdf] wft . $= ftf] rGbg ftf] b]lv
] s]z . ^= sdn k\sh . &= l;Fb . lj) *= ftf] nfn . (= x[bodf sg} ljifo \luPsf] cg
ks gf) utsf] rfknfO{ sd ufpg] j:t QmrfklgoGqs . ~ sdn gf) QmlkQ . sf]if gf) utd
f sf]if Qms0f . ~ sf]lifsf gf) utdf xg] Psbd} dl;gf s0fx Qmsf]if . ~ rGbg gf) 3f]6
fNbf ftf] sf] rGbg cfpg] Ps j[Ifljz]if ftf] rGbg . rfk gf) zLdf ;~rf xg] utsf]
k rfk Qm;~rfsf] j]u jf ult . rfk dfks gf) Qmrfksf] ultnfO{ gfKg] sfddf k|of]u xg] ;
wg Qmrfk gfKg] oGq . bfg gf) csf{sf] k|f0fIffsf lglDt ut lbg] sfd . b|j gf) utdf
sbd} dl;gf s0f utsf tn s0f . wft gf) != u]? . @= tfdf] . knf gf) s]fsf kftsf 6K
} b]lvg] kft xg], 6Kkfdf kmNg], cfojb {] n] ljifsf kdf :jLsf u]sf] Ps jg:klt .
kft gf) != ut lug]{ jf lufpg] sfd utkR5] . @= n8fOF rs{g] jf rsf{pg] sfd k:ksf] sf6
kQ gf) dv, gfs, sfg, dnd"qfaf6 ut hfg] f]u Qm;|fj . ~ lkkf; lj) != ut lkpg rfxg]
f;sf] h:tf] :jefj ePsf] ut r:g] b}Toh:tf] . ki6 gf) nfdf vfnsf kft xg], af]6 efF
Rbf kx]Fnf] rf]k cfpg], 6Kkfdf kmNg], cfoj]{bsf cg;f rf]k lgb|fsf] nflu kft t
fut Hjgfzsf] nflu ;]jg ulg] Ps af]6 . k|b gf) :qLxsf of]lgaf6 lgGt ut alxxg] P
k|dx ] gf) k?ifsf lk;faaf6 bu{GwoQm ut aUg] Ps f]u . j4{s gf) != ut a9fpg] zl
ePsf] cf}ifwL utj[l4 ug]{ j:t . lj) @ vfFbf ut a9fpg] . ~ dT:o gf) ftf] sf] df5f .
0f{ lj) != ftf] sf] nfn j0f{sf] . gf) @= ftf] . #= avf{df;df lg:sg] Ps hftsf] sLf
sLf] . $= duf . ~ ljsfljs[lt gf) utdf b]lvg] sg} klg ljsf ut;DaGwL hg;s} f]u .
f) utsf ljz]iftf, u0f, f]u, ljsf cflbsf] cWoog ug]{ ljBf . ~ ;3gtf gf) zLdf utsf] d
;3g kdf 5lP a:g] k|lqmof ut xg] 3gTjsf] cj:yf . ~ ;~rf gf) k|f0fLsf zLdf ut ;~r
mof jf ljlw . ~ ;Gwfg gf) uthfFr (An86]:6) . ~ ;DaGw gf) Ps} cfdfafaaf6 hlGdPsfxsf]
gftf . ;f gf) ut hd]kl5 5lg] utsf] x8fOFbf] tn
1052

c+z utsf] kfgL . ;|fj gf) != zLdf rf]6k6s nfUgfn] ut emg]{ l:ylt jf cj:yf . @= zL
lGb|oaf6 f]ujz xg] St;|fj . ;|fj f]ws gf) St;|fj xg] f]unfO{ f]Sg] j:t ut rx
{ lgfs0f ug]{ cf}ifwL . > StfIf lj) != cfFvfsf] ftf] xg] ftf cfFvf xg] . @= 8n
gf) #= k]jf gfdsf] kIfL skf]t . $= sf]OnL . %= e}F;Lsf] efn] fFuf] . Stflt;f gf) lb
f6 ut hfg] f]u Ps lsl;dsf] clt;f . QmfDd] lj) [;+) Stdo] != htftt} ut nfu]sf] . @=
nfu] ut}ut ePsf] utkR5] . Stfn gf) [;+)] != t?n . lj) @= clncln ftf] 5fof] . Qm
;+)] e"ue{zf:qcg;f 5]kff], dfp;nL cflbh:tf hLj ;[li6 ePsf] ou cfheGbf afO; sf]8 k
rf; nfv jif{klxn]sf] ou . lStgL gf) [St OgL] != ut QmL . @= a];dodf lbSs kfg]{ uL k
fgL emf]n]gL St]gL . #= lgy{s emL (x]ofy{df) . lStd lj) [;+)] ftf] j0f{sf] nfn s
gf) ftf] j0f{ nfnL . StL gf) [;+) St O{] != ut ?lw . @= v;L cflb sf6\bf cfpg] ut .
sf] em}F () . ~ gf) ftf] . St] gf) [St P] lklkfsf h:tf ftf kft ft} 8fF7 x
L gf) [St PgL] x]) lStgL . St]nf] gf) [St Pnf]] ue{af6 ev{ k}bf ePsf] lzz ;fngfnl;
s . Qm} lj) [Qm P]] utn] elPsf] Qmk"0f{ . Stf]krf gf) [;+)] != utdf ePsf ljsfx
}ifwL utsf f]usf] pkrf . @= utsf] sdL ePsfnfO{ ut lbP ulg] pkrf . Stf]kn gf) [;+
df6f] xg] 7fpFsf] 9\uf u}ls lznf u]? 9\uf . STof]n lj) [;+) StfjnL] != utn] kof
]sf] StfDd] Stdo . gf) @= utsf] kf]vL . If gf) [;+)] kf0f cflbsf cg;f Ps hflt
[;+)] != Iff ug]{ arfp ug]{ . @= kfngkf]if0f ug]{ ;+If0fsf] cleeff jxg ug]{ . gf) #=
kx]bf vjfnf JolQm rf}sLbf . $= wfnf] cleefjs . If0f gf) [;+)] != ;~ro ug]{ sfd
fd Iffsf] ef jxg ug]{ sfd Iff ;Iff . @= kfngkf]if0f ;Xof;Def . #= kx]bfL kfnf

1053

/Ifdfnf/u0f S;L vfg] JolQm lkoSs8 . lj) @= S:ofxf hF8fxf grflxFbf] lx;fan] S;Ldf nf
> S:ofxf lj) Hofb} lkoSs8 S;L lkpgdf gfdL xbeGbf a9\tf S;L lkpg] S;Lafh . vjf l
;+) Iffkfn] ;Iffsf] sfd ug]{ ]vb]vsf] lhDd]bfL lng] . > vjfL gf) != x]rfx ug]{ s
. @= e0fkf]if0f ;Xof;Def . vjf] lj) != ]vb]v ug]{ e0fkf]if0f, ;Xof;Def cflb ug]
nf]kxf a:g] JolQm ?Fufnf] . vjfnf lj) [lx)] != Iff ug]{ arfp ug]{ Ifs . @= ]vb]v,
0f jf ;Xof;Def ug]{ . gf) #= kfn] s?jf a:g] dfG5] vjf] . > vjfnL gf) != Iff ug]{
= kfnf]kxf a:g] sfd ?\g] sfd ?fO sfO x]rfx . vjfnf] lj)gf) vjfnf . vfO gf)
mof jf k|lqmof . [>] vfOg s) lqm) fVg] sfd ufOg . vfpg k|) ] lqm) fVg nfpg fVg
pg . vfnf] gf) [fv cfnf]] != ]vb]vsf] lhDd]bfL lng] JolQm wfnf] . @= ?\g] dfG5] s
j) [fv\ pjf] != fv]sf] :yfkgf u]sf] . @= vjfnf wfnf]sf] sfd ug]{ . gf) #= s?jf sfd
lQm kfn] . v]NgLvf}6L lj) [fv\ PNgLcf}6L] != uKt kn] of}g ;Dks{ fv] NofOPsL Nof
lax] guL To;} NofOPsL :jf:gL . vf}6] lj) [fv\ cf}6]] != uKt kn] ;DaGw fv]sf] (gf7f],
]Ug]) . @= NofOt] vf}6L (:jf:gL) . gf) #= bnfn cx|f}6] gf]s . u gf) [c\)] pmgLsf] c
] sk8f l;ssf] ;f cf]l9g] afSnf] j:q sDan . u8\g ;) lqm) [k|f) xSs0f > ;+) e:s0f
nfO{ s]xL ;fwgdf k|z:t 3f]6g \  l3;f]6 ] bNg u]8g \ . @= vn, l;nf}6f], hfFtf] cf
lbdf xfn] v"a lkFWg vn ug{ . #= sfddf a];L hf]Tg u]8\g . > u8 gf) u8\g] lqmof j
qmof . u8f gf) != k:ksf] em}emd]nf emu8f . @= sfdsf] nl7ah| ;Feflng;Sg cj:yf n7ff]
. #= ;\3if{ G . u8fO gf) u8\g] jf 3f]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . u8fOg s) lqm) u8\g
nfOg . @= sfddf hf]tfOg . u8fpg k|]) lqm) != u8\g] sfd ufpg u8\g nfpg . @= sfdd
v"a hf]tfpg w]} sfd ufpg . u8fx6 gf) u8\g] efj, l:ylt jf lqmof k|lqmof u8fO .
+)] jfl0f{s 5Gbsf] lgodcg;f dfemdf n3dfqf bfofFafofF u?dfqf xb F f kg]{ Ps u0
f SIS lrXgff lrlgg]

lj) != Iff ug{ nfos arfp ug{kg]{ . @= kfngkf]if0f ugk { g]{ kfngtfng ugk { g]{ .
Ifdfnf gf) [;+)] e"t, k|]t, f]u, afnu|x cflbaf6 vf; uL s]6fs]6Lsf] ;Iffsf lglDt 3fF
6Ldf afFlwg] a6L af3g\u|f, aFb]nsf] bfx|f], sf}8f cflbsf] dfnf hGq Sv]dfnf . Iff gf
;+)] sYo) R5] . != ;\s6 jf bMvb cj:yfaf6 p4f ug]{ sfd arfp . @= xflggf]S;fgL xgaf6
arfpg] sfd ;Iff . #= x]ljrf b]v]v lxkmfht . ~ sjr gf) != bi6 u|x, f]uJoflw, e"t
lbsf] eoaf6 aRgsf lglDt wf0f ulg] ;"q Iff;"q oGqflb . @= zqsf z:qf:qsf] k|xfaf6 aRgs
f lglDt wf0f ulg] kf];fs zLIffsf nflu nufOg] klxg . ~ u[x gf) != ;Iffsf p2]Zon] a
3 . @= ;Iffsf] lhDd]bfL lng] jf Iffsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] sfof{no kln;c8\8f . #= gjhft
lzz k|;"lt gfLsf] ;Iff, ;]jfz>"iffsf] Joj:yf ePsf] 7fpF k|;"ltu[x . bn gf) != @
)& ;fnkl5 kln;xnfO{ ;xfotf ug{ ;fwf0f ojf gfulsxaf6 ul7t tyf bOr { f jif{kl5 xf]du
f8{sf gfddf kljlt{t bn . @= Iff ug]x { sf] ;d"x Ifsu0f . ~ aGwg gf) != >fj0f zSn k"l
f{dfsf lbg ;Ktlif{sf] k"hf u] gfLdf afFlwg] ;"q lvL8f]f] . @= o1, b]jfr{g cflb sfo{ u
l5 k|;fb:jk gfLdf afFlwg] 8f]f] . #= Iff;"q afFWg] sfd . $= Cliftk{0fL k"l0f{df hg}kg
 {] . ~ ;\3 gf) != 6f]n, ufpF, If]qxsf] zflGt;Joj:yf ;fdflhs ;xof]u ug]{ p2]Zon]
u7g ePsf] ;\u7g . (o:t} p2]Zon] @))& ;fnsf] cft\ssf] cj:yfdf g]kfnsf] fhwfgLdf o;s
f] u7g ePsf] ;\3) . @= ;do;dodf ;sfaf6 hgtfnfO{ ljt0f xg] lhG;L, gubL cflb j:t ;f]s
fjfnf If]qsf JolQmn] k|fKt ug{ ;sg\ egL :yfgLo hg;d"xaf6 ag]sf] ;ldlt . ~ ;"q gf) If
fsf lglDt afFlwg] 8f]f] Iff8f]f] . > lIfs lj) != Ifs Iff ug]{ . @= kx]bf kfnf]
) != Iff . @= Iff ug]{ sfddf vl6PsL gfL Iff ug]{ :qL . lIft lj) != ;\s6, eo cflbaf6
fOPsf] xflggf]S;fgL xgaf6 arfOPsf] Iff ulPsf] . @= kfngkf]if0f ulPsf] ;Xof;Def ul
#= sg} sfdsf lglDt aFrf]6 ulPsf] ;fFr] flvPsf] . Io lj) Iff ug{ of]Uo . S;fn gf)
] sg} b]jb]jLnfO{ OR5fl;l4 ePdf hk, xf]d, aln cflb ug{ ulg] saf]n efsn . lS;g c) lqm
[S;L O g] k|z:t l3Rg rflxFbf]eGbf a9\tf x;g{ . S;L gf) [ef]) a)] cGg, kmn, k"mn cf
b sxfP drf{ ldnfO{ gzf nfUg] agfOPsf] dB dlbf bf? . afh !=

/ut/lnf] u0f . ut gf) [;+) St] zLdf l;h{gf eP vf; k|sfsf ;fgf7"nf gnLdfkm{t ;ff c
fg eP bf}l8xg] d6dfkm{t a]lunf] eOxg] ftf] sf] tn kbfy{ St ?lw . sf] gftf
5f]Lsf] jf ;xf]bsf] ;flxg . kR5] gf) != s6lk6 cflbaf6 rf]6 nfuL zLaf6 ut emg]{ sf
. @= o4 n8fOF dffdf . lj) @= StfDd] . df;L gf) k]6df f]u eO{ dnfaf6 ut cfpF
f cfpg] f]u pSt f]u xg]n] emf]sf] lb;f . > utfDd]utfDo lj) ut lugf{n] ;ff zL,
cflb Stdo ePsf] utn] JofKt Stdo . utL gf) v;L, af]sf cflb sf6\bf cfPsf] ut StL .
] != uth:tf] . @= ut ePsf] . ~ emf gf) uxF 5]sf] 7fpFdf pd|g], 8fF7kft ftf] xg] Ps
|sfsf] emf . uu lqm) lj) [c) d") u\ c (l))] != dl;gf sL6f0f, ;k{, vhf cflb lxF8]e
@= afnsxn] rsrs u];l uuL uutL . gf) #= To; k|sfsf] lxF8fO jf rsrs . > uutL lq
uufO gf) uu ug]{ lqmof jf lsl;d sLf, s]6fs]6L cflbsf] em}+ rsrs jf ;s;s . uufOg
ug]{ xg . uufpg c) lqm) uu ug]{ lx;fan] sL6f0f, s]6fs]6L jf sg} j:t lxF8g \ 
s xg ;ualug . uuL lqm) lj) != uu uutL . gf) @= ;v, ;kmntf cflbsf] kl0ffd:jk
L{ 9fFrf rsrsL . #= 9nLdnL . uUofO gf) ulug] efj, lqmof jf lsl;d ;s;s ug]{ 9\u .
lqm) ulug] tNofOg ;s;s ug]{ kflg . uUofpg k|) ] lqm) ulug] kfg{ ;s;s xg] ag
srs ug{ nufpg . uUofx6 gf) uUofO . u]8 \ g ;) lqm) sg} j:tnfO{ 3f]6g \  k|z
. > u]8f gf) != 3f]6\g] jf u8\g] sfd u]l8g] jf 3f]l6g] sfd u8 . @= a] l x;fa;F u sf
o:ttf . u] 8 fO gf) u]8\g] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . u]8fOg s) lqm) u8fOg . u]8fpg k
qm) != 3f]6\g nfpg u8fpg . @= sfddf hf]tfpg w]} sfd ufpg . u]l8g s) lqm) ul8g
\g ;) lqm) [;+) nfnfs0f] dl;g jf w"nf] j:t kfgL, b"w, t]n cflb tn kbfy{df ld;] lkm
6\g] sfd ug{ ofNg . > u]nfO gf) ofNg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . u]nfOg s) lqm) u]N
d ufOg . u]nfpg k|) ] lqm) ofNg nfpg u]Ng] sfd ufpg . u]lng s)
1054

lqm) oflng . 3 gf) [;+)] fdfo0f cflbsf cg;f ;"o{j+zL fhf lbnLk fgL ;blIf0ffaf6
sf kq 3j+zsf k|l;4 k?if fdsf k"j{h . sn gf) 3 dxffhaf6 rn]sf] j+zkDkf . s
. gGbg gf) 3jz + df cjtf lnPsf eujfg\ fdrGb| 3gfy . gfy gf) 3snsf k|l;4 k
iff]Qd fd fdrGb| . klt gf) 3gfy fdrGb| . j+z gf) != 3 fhfaf6 k|jt{g ePsf] j
] j+z . @= dxfslj sflnbf;n] ;+:s[t efiffdf n]v]sf], 3snsf] cfVofgdf cfwflt Ps dxfs
fJo . j+zL lj) != 3jz + df pTkGg ePsf] 3sn df hGd]sf] . gf) @= fdsf ;Gtfg jf kv
. j gf) f3jxdWo]df >]i7 k?if fd . \g ;) lqm) [;+) \u g] FUg . gf) [
tyf cfFvfn] x]] rfn kfOg], ;]tf], ftf], sfnf] cflb j0f{ \u Fu . @= sg} j:tnfO{
fy{ (r"0f{, n]k jf emf]n) f]ug kfln; . #= tf;, al4rfn, lqkf;f cflb v]ndf kQL jf uf
]6LnfO{ k|dv dfGbf l:jsflg] j0f{ tf; cflb v]nsf] k|dv j0f{ t?k . $= tf;sf v]ndWo
] Pp6f v]n . %= hfF8, S;L, ef cflb dfbs kbfy{sf] gzf nfuf] . ^= 5fF6sfF6 rfn9fn 9fFrf
sfFrf . &= s;}af6 s;}df kg]{ k|efj c; . *= kmtL{ afkm wfswSs . (= x]) \u klg .
!= cg]sf}F sf (j:tx) . @= yLyLsf lsl;dlsl;dsf . #= w]} lsl;dsf n] oQm . > la
+) \ud\u cfO] != cg]s \udf dl5g] sfd . @= cg]s ljrf z\sfpkz\sfdf dl5g] sfd lbz
ng] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . #= e|d e|flGt . > dfOg c) lqm) ljljw lbzf ljrfdf k] ef
ndlng dlg . dfpg c) lqm) ljrf, l;4fGt jf nIo cflbsf] e|daf6 cndlng dlg .
f]df kg{ ljrf, ts{ cflbn] sfd gug{ . @= cndlng . #= w"jfF, slxf], xfjf cflb kf; x
 g gkfO{ ?dlng ;fF u  f] 7fpF d f c6];d6]; xf]Og . dfO gf) dlg] efj, lqmof
f . dfOg s) lqm) dlg] tNofOg . dfpg k|]) lqm);) lqm) dlg] kfg{ jf d
. > fOg s) lqm) FufOg . fpg ;) lqm) Fufpg . lg s) lqm)c) lqm) Flug . l
lunf] .

1055

/]6f]rgf dG8nL gf) \uzfnfdf pkl:yt eP sfo{qmd k|:tt ug]{ hdft gf6s, v]nsb cflbs
;xefuL;d]t ldn] ag]sf] ;d"x snfsfxsf] 8kmf (6k  ) . ~ dxn gf) != fhfdxffhfsf b
f . @= ef]uljnf; df]hdHhf ug]{ 3 ljnf;sf] Joj:yf ldnfPsf] ejg . #= cGtk bafsf rf}
leqsf] 7fpF . $= \uzfnf \uu[x . ~ ; gf) != cfdf]bk|df]bsf] k|;\u cfgGbf]T;j df]hd
f:oJo\Uo ;\u . \u?6 gf) [c\) lqm"6] x]) Fu?6 . \ujfb gf) [;+)] j0f{jfbL gLlt
[;+)] \ujfbsf] cgofoL . \uzfnf gf) [;+)] gf6s, gfrufg, v]nsb cflb sfo{sf] k|bz{g ul
7fpF \ud~r \ue"ld . \ufO gf) [ \u - cfO)] FufO . [ > ] \ufOg s) lqm) FufO
ufpg . \uflwj]tf gf) [;+)] etsf] gf6zf:qcg;f gf6s k|bz{g ulg] d~rdf d\unk"js { gf
k|bz{g xg ;sf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] k"hf ulg] b]jb]jtf . \lug c) lqm) [\u O g] != nf
 \uLg aGg . @= ff k|efljt xg . #= n;k; eP cfk"m klg csf]{ h:t} xg . \lut!
uPsf] \uLla\uL ePsf] . \lut@ gf) [ef]) a)] l;lSsd bflh{lnsf] ;Ldf lgwf{0f ug]{
Lsf] Ps ;xfos gbL . \lug lj) [kmf)] FufOPsf] nfu]sf] uLr\uL la . \lunf]
] ePsf] rsf]{ sf] . @= xFl;nf] lsl;dsf] kSvnL . \uL lj) [;+)] != bf jfnf
ug]{ cfdf]bk|df]b ug]{ . gf) #= \ud~rsf] snfsf . r\uL lj) cg]s lsl;dsf \ux ldl>
a\uL lemlnldnL . ~ la\uL lj) gfgf ff l;FuflPsf] . \uf]khLjL lj) [;+)] != \u
g]tf \ud~rsf] snfsf . \?6 gf) [c\) lqm"6] x]) Fu?6 . r\g ;) lqm) [;+) /rgrg
lgdf{0f ug{ . @= sNkgf ug{ pKhfpg syg ug{ . #= ;hfP k:sg . rg gf) [;+)] rgf lgd
f u9fO . rgf gf) [;+)] != agfpg] sfd lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd . @= agfpg] szntf jf k|ljlw lgd
{0fsnf . #= lgdf{0f ePsf] jf:t, d"lt{, u|Gy cflb . $= sNkgf th{df chdfO; . %= Jo
j:yf k|aGw . ^= k"mn, vfgL, xn]bf] cflb ldnfO{ lk;]

]6f] gf) x]) Fu]6f] . ] g laf]Ng x8 F Ng layf]Ng ]n \ g ;) lqm) [ Pnf]
kfg{ . > ]nfO gf) Fun ] fO . ]nfOg s) lqm) Fu]nfOg . ]nfpg k|]) lqm) Fu]nf
u]nfx6 . ]nfxf lj) Fu]nfxf . ]lng s) lqm) Fu]lng . ]nf] gf) [\ Pnf]] Fu]nf]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . \s lj)[ ;+)] != Psbd ula xls\ufn lgw{g . @= nf]eLsf] efF8f
; s[k0f . gf) #= dfUg] JolQm leIfs . \s  gf) [;+)] != cGwljZjf;Lxn] /fFs] e"t egL :
Lsf u]sf] Ps k|frLg lxdfnL hflt /f\sjhflt . @= rf}F/LufO{ jf ofs . #= Rof\u|f] . $= P
s k/fsyfTds kfF8n] d[u . %= kfvL . \u gf) [;+)] != x]) (j0f{ jf f]ug) . @= ;f}Gbo{
. #= gfrufg jf clego fdldtf ;\u . $= qmL8f v]nsb . %= cfgGbsf] pT;j df]hdhf . ^=
9fn \u9\u . *= sg} wftnfO{ 6fNg, hf]8\g k|of]u ulg] wft f . (= v]nsbsf] cfof]hg
F \uzfnf . !)= gf6s k|bz{g ulg] d~r \ud~r . sdL{ gf) f]ugsf] sfd ug]{ dfG5]
hLjs gf) != lrqsf . @= l5kf . hLjL gf) != \ud~rsf] sfdaf6 jf gfr] hLjglgjf{x ug]{ J
m g6 g[TohLjL . @= lrqsf . #= f]ugsf] sfd u] hLjgj[lQ ug]{ JolQm . $= nuf l5Kg] sf
{ hflt l5kf . ~ 9\u gf) != 9\u 9fFrfsfFrf . @= rfnrng afgLa]xf] . ~ g 9\u lqm) lj)
g 5Gb 5Gb g aGb 5fF6 g sfF6 . @= Joy{ ljgfsfddf . ~ la\u lj) ljleGg ldl;Psf] cg]
la\uL . ~ la\uL lj) \ula\u \uLr\uL . ~ e\u gf) cfgGbdf kg]{ afwf vl;ofnLdf
~ ejg gf) v]nsb, gfrufg, gf6s cflb k|bz{gsf] cfof]hgf ulg] 7fpF \uzfnf \udxn . e
\ud~r v]n, gf6s, uLt gfr cflbsf] cfof]hgf:yn \uzfnf . @= kxndfgL v]Ng] 7fpF s;ts
. #= o4If]q 0f:yn . e]b gf) dfG5]sf] sfnf], uf]f] cflb j0f{sf cfwfdf ulg] kIfkft
f cfwfdf ulg] kIfkft jf e]befj . e]b gLlt gf) \ue]bsf cfwfdf ulg] kIfkftk"0f{ lgod
uf]fsf cfwfdf ulg] e]befjsf] gLlt . d~r gf) gfrufgsf] k|bz{g ulg], gf6s clego ulg],
nsb cflbsf] cfof]hgf ulg] d~r \uzfnf . ~ d~rg gf) v]nsb, gf6s, gfrufg cflb k|:tt ug
sfd \uzfnfdf sg} klg sfo{qmd k|bz{g ug]{ sfd . ~ d08k gf) \ue"ld .

/rgfTdslh:6L agfOPsf], 6Lsf nufpg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] ftf] w"nf] f]L f]rgf . sf
;h{s . gf) @= rlotf rgf ug{] JolQm . rgfTds lj) [;+)] != sg} k|sfsf] rgf jf lgdf{0
f}lnstf ylkPsf] ;[hgfTds lgdf{0ffTds . @= sg} b]z jf ;dfhsf] pGgltdf ;xfos xg] ;[hg
fd"ns . tf gf) rgfTds xg] efj, u0f jf ljz]iftf . rgL gf) [rgf O{] fd|f] 8fnsf], b
;fw cfgLafgL ePsf] ufO{ . rlotf lj) [;+)] != rgf ug]{ rgfsf lgdf{tf . gf) @= n]v
|Gy tof ug]{ JolQm u|Gysf . rfO gf)[ r\ ( cfO)] Rg] jf lgdf{0f ug]{ efj, lqmof jf
[ > ] rfOg s) lqm) Rg] sfd ufOg lgdf{0f ufOg . rfpg k|]) lqm) Rg] sfd ufpg
{ nufpg . lrt lj) [;+)] lgdf{0f ulPsf] rgf ulPsf] lgld{t . lrg s) lqm) [r\ O g
gdf{0f ulg . 5fg gf) [;+) fz cfg] != 3glhs} kmf]xf]d}nf ofFSg agfOPsf] dnvfN8f] 5
Ng . @= kmf]xf] hfg] gfnL gfn . 5fg] lj) [5fg P] != 5fgh:t} kmf]xf]d}nf ePsf] cToG
Gwt . gf) @= kmf]xf]d}nfaf6 p5g] vl6f] kmf]xf] vl6f] . ~ vl6f] gf) kmf]xf]sf sf0
f lg:sg] vl6f] kmf]xf] vl6f] . 5fof5fof] lj) [St5fofF5fofcf]] != w';f| k ]m '
sf] ftf] v}f]df ftf] ldl;Psf] . gf) @= To:tf]
. h gf)[ ;+)] != gfLx h:jnf x'Fbf
' . @= k"mndf x'g] s]z k'ikfu k'ikkfu . #= w"nf] 5ff] . $= ;j, h, tddWo] l;h{gfzlQ
xfg dflgg] u'0f hf]u'0f . hs gf) [;+)] wf]aL . huh gf)[ fhsfh] != 7fF6afF6 t8se8s
f]hdHhf 9nLdnL 7;d; . #= hfOF ;'v;on . ht gf) [;+)] != rfFbL wft'sf] Ps hflt . @= ;]

. lj) #= ;]tf] z'e| j0f{sf] ;'lsnf] . ~ hoGtL gf) ;+:yf, pBf]u, JolQm, P]ltxfl;s 36
gf cflb kRrL;f}F jif{df k|j]z u]sf] pknIodf dgfOg] pT;j . do lj) != rfFbLaf6 ag]sf
] rfFbLrfFbL ePsf] rfFbLn] 9flsPsf] . @= ;]tf] z'e| j0f{sf] . hgL gf) [;+)] != ;"of{:
tkl5sf] ;GWofaf6 ;'? eO{ ;"of]{bok"j{sf] piff;Ddsf] ;do flq ft . @= gLnf]
agfpg] sfd
f cfpg] Ps hftsf] j[If . #= xn]bf] . s gf) != rGb|df . @= sk" . uGwf gf) ftdf dudu
1056

af:gf rNg] Ps k"mnsf] hft xl;gf . d'v gf) ftsf] d'v jf cfDelaGb' ;fFem . d0f gf)
F88'n ug]{ u|x rGb|df . hk't gf) [;+) fhk'q] != fhfdxffhfsf ;Gtfg fhfsf 5f]fgflt
kDkf . @= Iflqoxsf] sn3fg Pj+ pRrtf hfx] ug]{ j+znfO{ a'emfpg] ;+1f . #= eftsf] fhk
k|fGtsf Iflqo j+z fhk"tvns eftLo 7sL . haGwsL lj) [;+) fhaGwsO{] fhf jf fHon]
aGws jf lwtf]df k]sf] . hafwf gf) [;+) fhaGwcf] fHo jf ;sfn] C0f lnPafkt lwtf] fv
dg jf j:t' ;sfn] wf}6L fv]sf] j:t' . hafd gf) [hafd] 6fpsf] 7"nf] x'g] Ps vfnsf] a
] 7"nf] afd df5fsf] Ps hft . haf gf) [haf8f ] != ;fgfltgf fHosf] fhf afO;]rf}aL;]h:
sf fhf hf}6f . @= fh3fgf fhvfgbfg . #= haf8f . hjtL gf) [;+) hf]jtL] hf]jtL .
jfl6sf] != ;fgf]ltgf] If]q jf clwsf ePsf] fhf hf}6f] . @= fhfsf cwLgsf ;fgfltgf fHo
o pkfHo . h:yn! gf) [;+)] != h;|fj x'g] :yn, gfLsf] dfl;s wd{df ut lg:sg] 7fpF kf7]
ut lg:sg] 7fpF 3fp . #= k"mnsf] s]z xg] 7fpF k'ikkfu aGg] 7fpF . h:yn@ gf) [;+) f
baf x]sf] 7fpF . h:jnf gf) [;+)] != gfL t?gL ePkl5 k|To]s dlxgfdf k ;g]{ sfd Ct'wd{
wd{ . @= k ;]sL cfOdfO{ h;|fj ePsL :qL g5'g] . #= ue{wf0f ug]{ tjn] o'Qm ePsL cfOdf
d] k'u]sL gfL . hxf; gf) [;+) fhx+;] ;]tf]
, nfdf] l3r|f] cUnf v'f ePsf] xfF;
[fhcfOF] != fHo ug]{ sfd fHosf] zf;g jf ;~rfng . @= clVtofsf] Psnf}6L pkof]u huh
#= d}dQfkg 9nLdnL 7;d; . $= ;xL;xLla;xLla;xL . lhof gf) [;+) flhs] e] lx;fa lgsfNg
j:tsf] rf dfgfafasf] gfkf] gfnL . lh:6 gf) [c\)] != l;nl;nf ldNg] lx;fan] sg} gub
;Lsf] cfoJoosf] nut btf{ ug]{ k:ts jf vftf . @= cfPuPsf kq, j:t cflbsf] ljj0f p
Nn]v ug]{ kl:tsf btf{ jf rnfgL sfkL . #= ljBfyL{, sd{rfL, dhb cflbsf] pkl:ylt hgf
pg] vftf xflhsfkL . lh:6L gf) [c\) lh:6L] != sfggdf pNn]v ePcg;fsf] Lt k"f uL
ug]{ sfd hUuf, pBf]u jf

1057

/lh:68{8 xg 5f]8]kl5sf] cj:yf . @= ue{wf0fsf lglDt cgsn h:jnf xg] u0fsf] cefj . #
= gfLsf] afFemf]kg . hf}6 ] lj) [hf}6f P] hf}6f;DaGwL hf}6fsf] . hf}6f] gf) [fhf
tgf If]qsf] fHo;~rfng ug]{ fhf haf . Hh gf) [;+)] != 8f]L . @= 3f]8fsf] dvdf nufp
]L nufd8f]L . #= lgoGq0f ug]{ ;Dk"0f{ clwsf afu8f] . $= jf:t tyf d"lt{snfdf rf};6\7L
xft nDafOsf] gfkf]nfO{ aemfpg] zAb . ~ dfu{ gf) != lahnLaf6 rNg] 8f]L jf tfsf] af
6f] f]knfOg l3ln{ . @= 6nL;]jfsf] uf8L lxF8\g] af6f] . ~hs lj) [;+)] != ;DaGwL sfd
pg] f]ug nufpg] . @= dgf]~hgsf] sfd ug]{ dg axnfpg] . gf) #= f]ugsf] sfd ug]{ lzNk
$= Fufpg] u0f ePsf] j:t . %= ftf] rGbg St rGbg . ^= l;Fb . &= dfx xftkfpdf
bL . ~hg gf) [;+)] != Fufpg] sfd f]ug ug]{ sfd . @= v;L tNofpg] sfd dg axnfpg] sf
= ftf] rGbg St rGbg . > ~hgf gf) != ~hg ufpg] :qL . @= ~hgfz}nLsf] Ps k|frLg lnlk
(g]kfndf afx|fb F} l] v kGw|f}F ztfAbL;Dd k|rlnt) . ~hgL gf) != xn]bf] . @= kfg .
#= gfua]nL gfujNnL . ~hgLo lj) [;+)] != cfgGbbfoL cfgGb lbg] vfnsf] . @= Fufpg nfos
. l~ht lj) [;+)] != k|;Gg cfglGbt . @= a9fO{r9fO{ af]n]sf] . #= nufOPsf] . sf gf
sk8fdf 9fsf cflbsf] l5kfOsf] sfd ug]{ g]jfhfltsf] Ps e]b . 6\g ;) lqm) [;+) 6\ g] !
kf7, dGq cflb s07:y kfg]{ p2]Zon] 3f]Sg s07 xg] uL k9\g . @= sg} sf] afaf cfj[lQ
{ w]} aflh elgxg . #= cEof; ug{ lrGtgdggdf tNnLg xg . > 6g gf) 6\g] sfd 6fO .
!= sg} zAb, jfSo jf kf7nfO{ Psbd} 3f]Sg] sfd s07:y ufpg] p2]Zon] l6xg] sfd . @= Pp6}
sf] bf]xf]ofO{ t]xofO{ pRrf0f ulxg] sfd . #= Psfu| Wofg Psf]xf]f] nug . $= lkmqmL
t gf) != 6\g] sfd 6fO 6gf . lj) @= 6\g] afgL ePsf] 6jf . 6Gtfd\ gf) != l6xg]
sfd 3f]sGtfd\ . lj) @= 6jf 3f]sjf . 6Gt] lj) != v"a 6\g] jf 3f]Sg] 3f]sGt] . @= v"
gkg]{ lkmGt] . 6fO gf) 6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 6fOg s) lqm) 6\g] sfd ufOg
. 6fpg k|) ] lqm) 6\g nfpg 6\g] sfd ufpg . l6g s) lqm) 6\g] sfd ulg 3f]lsg
] 3 cflb agfpg k|of]udf NofOg] kmnfdsf]

sg} j:t ljlwk"js { ;sfL sfof{nosf] k|lt1fkq eL btf{ ug]{ sfd . @= hg;s} j:tsf] n
utljj0f lh:6df btf{ ug]{ sfd . #= xnfs lgodcg;f cltlSt zNs ltL Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7f
Fdf lr7Lkq, ;fdfgsf] kf;{n cflb k7fpg] sfd . $= xnfsdx;n bdf 56 ;ljwf ldNg] uL
btf{ ulPsf lr7Lkq, k:tsklqsf, klnGbf, ;\3;+:yfsf anl] 6g cflb . lj) %= lh:6df bt
f{ ulPsf] lh:6df hgfOPsf] . lh:68{ lj) [c\)] != lh:6L ePsf] btf{ ulPsf] . @= btf
]G6 gf) sg} sfof{no, pBf]u, jfl0fHo cflb ;+:yfsf] k|ltlglwsf kdf btf{ ePsf] JolQm j
f ;+:yf . ~ as gf) btf{ ulPsf] lstfa btf{sf] clen]v fVg] u]sf] vftf btf{ hgfPsf] sfk
btf{k:  ts btf{axL . ~ ;+:yf gf) ;\3;+:yf u7g ug]{ P]gsf] lgodcg;f k|dfl0ft Pj+ bt
f{ ePsf] ;+:yf ;sfaf6 dfGotf k|fKt ePsf] sfggL txaf6 dfGo ePsf] ;+:yf . lh:6f gf)
lh:6f] != ljZjljBfnosf] u7gdf k|zf;lgs pRrtxsf] kbdf xL ;lrjn] ug]{ k|sfsf ;Dk"0f{ k
|zf;lgs sfd ug]{ufpg] clwsfL sn;lrj k|:tf]tf . @= gu;ef, u[xdGqfno, pRr cbfnt cflb ;+
: yfsf] k| z f;lgs sfo{ ] v b] v ug] { ;lrj;xsf] kbflwsfL . lh:6; ] g gf) [c\) lh:6
!= hUuf, 3, ;\3;+:yf, pBf]u, k|sfzg cflbnfO{ sfggL txaf6 btf{ ug]{ sfd . @= sg} j:
tsf] nut btf{ uL ljj0fclen]v fVg] sfd . ~ c8\8f gf) 3hUuf, pBf]u, ;\3;+:yf, xftxltof
flbsf] n]gb]g ubf{ gfd;fL ug]{ bflvnvf]hsf] clen]v b?:t fVg] c8\8f kf; c8\8f . h}of
j) [fhf P]of] != ;sfl;t ;f]sf ePsf] ;sfL ;DaGw ePsf] ;sfL . @= fhfsf] fhfl;t
;jfLsf ;a} k|sfsf ;fwg cfjthfjt ug{ ;Sg] kmflsnf] ;8s fhky fhdfu{ . hf]u0  f gf)
dgdf sfd, k|d ] , :g]x, df]x, fu, r~rntf cflb pTkGg ufpg] Ps u0f ;j, h tddWo] ;[li6
Fu ;DalGwt Ps u0f . > hf]u0  fLlj) != hf]u0  fn] oQm hf]u0f ePsf] . @= hf]u0f;D
GwL . hf]bz{g gf) [;+)] != gfLsf] h:jnfsf] k|yd pbo . @= of]lgfaf6 k|To]s dlxgf xg]
f] lgu{dg . hf]wd{ gf) [;+)] gfLsf] g5g] xg] :jfefljs u0f hf]bz{g g5g] . hf]jtL
[;+)] h:jnf ePsL k ;]sL g5g] ePsL 6lqmPsL klG5PsL (:qL) . hf]xLgtf gf) [;+)] != d
{af6 ePsf] lgj[lQ h:jnf

/8fsf]tnL 8G8L 58 . 8fsf] gf) [n8\ cfsf] ] != k:kdf xg] em}emu8f j}dg:o em}emd]n
nf] xnb\uf xf]xNnf f8f] . 8L gf) [6\ O{] != c8\8L lng] sfd w[i6tf . @= em}emu8f ug
fOF . 8\sg c) lqm) [c) d") 8\s g] != 6]s]sf] jf e u]sf] 7fpFaf6 vf, xft cflb sg}
:sg lrlKng . @= 7Ls ;do 7fpFdf al4 gkUgfn] sfd lau|g rSg eNg . #= ktg xg
Rot xg . > 8\sfO gf) 8\lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 8\sfOg s) lqm) 8\sg] sfd ufO
sg] kflg . 8\sfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != 8\sg nfpg 8\sg] sfd ufpg . @= sndnfO{ b
u uL s]xL unt sd lnvtdf r9fpg . 8\lsg c) lqm) 8\sg . 8\sf] gf) 8\sg] sfd lrlKng
Sg] sfd 8\sfO . 8\SofO gf) 8\lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . 0f gf) [;+)] k:kdf kIflj
ulg] n8fOF o4 ;\u|fd . If]q gf) != n8fOFsf] 7fpF ljjfb p7\gfn] n8fOF k]sf] 7fpF .
o4e"ld 0f 5]l8Psf] e"ld . jfs lj) != ;fwf0f ;LdfeGbf 7"nf] ch
sf] a8]dfsf] g
f) != 0fIf]qsL b]jL 0fIf]qsf] ut lkP dQ x'g] b]jL pu|r08L . lj) @= k"} l;fPsL (:qL)
t dNn gf) PsLs0feGbf klxn]sf eQmk'] fhfxdWo] ;a}eGbf kl5NnfrflxF fhf . emf]s gf) 7
emf]s s8f vfnsf] l; tftf] l; . > 0fTsf gf) wg'sf] tfFbf] km6\sfbf{ emgemgfP cfpg] c
m0fTsf . wL lj) o'4 ug'{k]sf] a]nfsf] wL . 0fg gf) [;+)] != sg} ;'dw' Wjlgo'Qm u
cflbsf] gfb jf t
\u . @= afhf cflb aHbfsf] Wjlg Gsf] . 0fgfb gf) [;+)] 0fIf]qdf pQ]lh
Lx sfpFbfsf] uh{gf 0fWjlg . 0faxfb' zfx gf) k[YjLgffo0f zfxsf gflt, k|tfkl;+x zfxs
Ljf{0fo'4sf lktf zfxj+zsf t];|f /fhf >L % 0faxfb' zfx :jfdL dxffh lgjf{0ffgGb . 0fe"l
gf) [;+)] o'4 ePsf] 7fpF n8fOFsf] d}bfg o'4:yn o'4e"ld . 0fnIdL gf) [;+)] o'4sL clwi7
fqL b]jL ljhonIdL . 0fjL0fz" gf) [;+)] jLtfk"js { o'4 ug]{ of]4f n8fOFdf ;fx;k"js
hjfg o'4jL . 0f;
\u|fd gf) [;+)] != k:ksf b'O{ zlQmsf aLrdf rn]sf] o'4 n8fOF . @= 3
;L dffdf . #= 7"nf] emu8f . 0f:tDe gf) [;+)] o'4df lht]afkt lhTg] kIfn] pEofPsf] 9'
\u
jf wft'sf] vfFaf] ljho:tDe ljhovDaf .
1058

0f:yn gf) [;+)] o'4sf] d}bfg n8fOFsf] cv8f o'4If]q . 0ff
\u0f gf) [;+)] o'4e"ld 0f:
gf) [;+)] nf]Ug] d]sL cfOdfO{ ljwjf fF8L . t lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifo jf sfddf Psf]xf]
sl;dn] nfu]sf] cg'St cf;St . @= lbnb]lv g} nfu]sf] tNnLg ePsf] bQlrQ lnKt . gf) #= Ps
sf{df x'g] cfsif{0f k|]d . $= ltqmL8f :qL;dfud d}y'gsfo{ . t
\u ] gf) [;+) Stc
\uP
f]6la?jf cflbsf kft, 8fF7 cflbdf ftf] eP nfUg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u fFs] ft] . tg gf) [
. hf]t gf) ;}hg j[If zf]ef~hg . gfy gf) != l;4 uf]vgfysf Ps k|l;4 l;4 jf of]uL . @=
bf
sf] rf}3fdf x]sf] ltg}sf] d7 . tGw] lj) [tGwf]P] ft k]kl5 cfsfzsf tff;d]t gb]Vg
x'g] f]u nfu]sf] tf}FwLsf] f]uL . tGwf] gf) [;+) foGw] != ftL cfFvf cGwf] x'g] f
lj) @= ftLsf] cGwf] (JolQm) . ltg c) lqm) [;+) t g] != sg} ljifo jf JolQml;t oflD
l;g . @= k|d ] df kmF:g cgQm xg . #= s;}sf jzdf a:g dfpg ;lwg . $= s;}l;t cfT
dLo xg . lt gf) [;+)] != lzjsf g]qaf6 pTkGg clUgn] gi6 ePsf dbg jf sfdb]jsL cwf{l
\ ugL kf0f cflbdf jl0f{t dbgsL kTgL . @= d}yg  ;Def]u . #= k|d ] k|Llt . $= ;l;4f
Gtcg;f z[\uf;sf] :yfoLefj . %= cfsif{0f emsfp . ^= zf]ef ;f}Gbo{ . ~ sd{ gf) :qLk
sf aLrsf] of}gfrf . ~ s]ln gf) of}gJofkf ltlqmof . ~ lqmof gf) efn] k|f0fLsf] hgg]lGb
o kf]yL k|f0fLsf hgg]lGb|odf k;fO{ ulg] ef]usfo{ d}yg ;Def]u . ~ qmL8f gf) ltlqmof .
~ u[x gf) jftfj0f g} pGdfbs lsl;dsf] kfL sfdqmL8fsf lglDt tof ulPsf] 3 ltdlGb .
}yg  ug]{ sfd ;Def]ulqmof . klt gf) kf0f cflbdf jl0f{t ltsf klt sfdb]j dbg . aG
;Def]uqmL8fsf] cf;g ltsnfsf] 9\u . ~ dlGb gf) != ltqmL8fsf lglDt pkoQm Joj:yf ePsf]
lqmofsf] ejg . @= kf]yL k|f0fLsf] hgg]lGb|o of]lg . ; gf) != ltqmL8faf6 k|fKt xg] c
fgGb . @= ltqmL8f . ~ nDk6 lj) cltzo sfds :q}0f d}yg ug]{ sfddf cf;St cfOdfO{ eg]kl
5 x?Ss xg] :qLnDk6 . ~ nLnf gf) != d}yg  sf nflu ulg] xfpefp jf rfn . tL gf) [;+)
t O{] x]) QL . ~ klg lqm) lj) yf]} klg . e lqm) lj) clnslt dfqfdf klg yf]} klg ls
. tnL lj) [ftf] pnL] ftf] sf] ftf] j0f{sf] (afv|f) ] .

1059

/tjf/2L lTg gf) jf:t tyf d"lt{snfdf PSsfO; cdnafasf] gfkf] aemfpg k|of]u xg] zAb
. Tgf}nf] gf) Tgfpnf] . TofO gf) [ lt ( ofO)] != ltg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [Tof
fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof [ > ] TofOg s) lqm) ltg] tNofpg . Tofpg ;) lqm)k|) ] l
m) ltg] tNofOg cgSt kfg{ nx:ofpg . Tofx6 gf) TofO . Tofxf lj) != Tofpg] . @=
}nL gf) [ft of}nL)] /t]pnL /t]nL . y gf) [;+)] != k|frLg sfndf 3f]8fn] tfg] lxF8fpg]
u]| ;jfL;fwg jf jfxg . @= cr]n b]pb]ptfsf] ofqfdf k|of]u ulg], dfG5]af6 tflgg] To:t
} ;fwg . #= emfFsL cflbdf lxF8fpgsf] nflu l;Fuf] 3 jf dlGbh:tf] kdf kl0ft ulPsf] df]
cflb . $= cr]nsf cfwlgs jfxgdWo] uf]?uf8f, aUuL, 6fFuf cflb . %= zL b]x . ^= uf]8
f vf . w"nL gf) != y, 6fFuf, PSsf cflbsf kf\u|fn] p8fPsf] w"nfsf] s0f . @= kdf0fs
cf7 ugfafasf] gfkf] . ~ ofqf gf) b]jb]jLsf k|ltdf jf dfGo JolQmnfO{ ydf fvL 6f]n, gu
jf lglb{i6 7fpFdf 3dfO{ dgfOg] pT;j . jfg\ gf) yrfns . > yf\u gf) != y, df]6, uf8
sf cflb ofg;fwgsf] rSsf kf\u|f] . @= rqm . #= rqmjfs kIfL rv]jf . (h:t} rv]jfrv]jLsf
hf]8L yf\ubDktL xg) \ . yL lj) != ydf r9\g] yff]xL . gf) @= o4df 7"nf] jLtfsf]
ug]{ jL of]4f . #= n]l6g]G6 hgn . yf]4tf gf) 5Gbzf:qsf nIf0fcg;f k|To]s r0fdf qmdz
gu0f, u0f n3 tyf u? dfqf xg,] P3f cIfsf] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . Yof gf) ofg rNg ;Sg] ;
s df]6 bf]xf]f] cfjthfjt ug{ ;Sg] af6f] fhdfu{ . b gf) [;+)] != bGt bfFt . @= Hof]l
:qdf #@sf] c\snfO{ aemfpg] zAb . R5b gf) bfFtaflx cfj0fsf kdf xg] c\u cf]i7 cf
cf]7 bR5b . bnabn gf) [kmf) 2f]abn] s;}nfO{ k"} 2 ug]{ s;}nfO{ s]xL kljt{g uL ld
s]xL x]km]sf ;fy ldnfpg] sfd cbnabn . 2! lj) [;+) t] != cfgGb jf v;Ln] d:t pGdfbn]
Uw dSv . @= k|;Gg xlif{t k|km  Nn . #= cgSt cf;St . $= cfZro{n] oSt ePsf] ljl:dt
st . 2@ lj) [c)] != lasDdf sfd gnfUg] . @= vf]h ulPsf] . gf) #= vflh ug]{ sfd l8;ld;
L . 2L lj) [c) 2 O{] sfd glbg] cj:yfsf] lasfd] uPuhs ]| f] . sf] 6f]sL gf) 3, sf
st} klg kmf]xf]d}nf htf;s} g5lof];\ Ps} 7fpFdf hDdf xf];\ egL flvPsf], a]t, afF;,
l6g cflbsf] 6f]sL sfd gnfUg] sfut tyf

tjf! lj) [ftf] pjf] != ftf] j0f{sf] ftf] vfnsf] . gf) @= /ftf] j0f{sf] dfq xg] d[us
Ps hft /ftf] d[u . #= ;ft dfO{ gbLdWo]sL Ps dfO{gbL /tjfdfO{ . tjf@ lj) [lt pjf] lt
] k"} nxl;Psf] ;lwPsf] cfTdLo ePsf] . t]pnLt]nL gf) [ft PpnLPnL] != laxfsf lbg b
s]kl5 bnfxfsf 3df cfOdfO{x e]nf eP fte ulg], :qLk?ifsf aLrsf] k|]dfnfkdf cfwflt gf
g, clego cflbsf] dfOnf] Tof}nL . @= bnxL leofpg] lbg bnfxftkm{af6 vjfOg] ef]h t]nL
ef]h . ~ ef]h gf) lax]sf lbg bnfxfsf 3df ft latfpg]sf] ;Ddfgdf ;a}nfO{ vjfOg] e]f
h . tf}w L gf) [;+) foGw] ft k]kl5 cfFvf gb]Vg] f]u tGwf] . lQg c) lqm) [lt
g nxl;g ltg . @= k|d ] df km:g cgSt xg . #= s;}sf jzdf a:g dfpg ;lwg . $= c
Lo xg . QL gf) [;+) lStdf] != nfn tL ftLu]8L nfnu]8L . lqm) lj) @= clnslt cToGt
pbf) cF d}n] eg]sf] QL dfGb}g ) . Tg gf) [;+)] != uxgf, cfe"if0f, >Lk]rh:tf cn\sfdf h
8g] axd"No kTy xLf, kGgf, dfl0fs, cflbsf] kTy df]tL, dfl0fSo, j}b"o{, uf]d]b, xLf, d
uf, kfu, kGgf gLndl0f;d]tsf k|l;4 gjTg hjflxft . lj) @= ;jf]Q { d ;j{>]i7 pTs[i6 .
t gf) != Tgsf] zf]ef Tgsf] 5lj . ue{ lj) Tgsf] h:tf] zf]ef jf sflGt ePsf] . uef{
YjL, wtL . uGwL gf) lzLifsf h:tf ;;fgf kft xg], xnfUbf ftf sf k"mn nfUg], sf];fs
mn kmNg] Ps j[Ifljz]if kft af]qmfaf6 k]6sf] f]u k"mnaf6 bd, a|f]\sfOl6; cf}nf] Hj
] cfoj]{lbs cf}ifwL aGg] ;f]xL j[If s[i0ffr . kfl0f gf) af}4wd{cg;f Tg;Dejsf 5f]
Fr af]lw;jdWo] Ps . ;Dej gf) k~r WofgL a4dWo]sf Ps af}l4s :t"kr}To cflbsf blIf0fkl
lvg] b]jtf Tgkfl0fsf lktf . > Tgfpnf] gf) rf xhf lkm6eGbf cUnf] 7fpFsf lr:ofg dlnnf
pFdf pd|g], kfgsf cfsfsf xNsf xlof] sf kft xg], ftf] 8fF7 xg], 3fF;sf kdf k|of]u ub
{ ufO{a:tsf] b"w k3|g] eO{F3fF; . Tgfs gf) != ljleGg axdN " o Tgsf] vfgL dflgg] 7
fpF . @= ;db| ;fu . #= vfgL . $= kf0fsf cg;f afNdLls Clifsf] Clif xgeGbf klxn]s
f] gfd . TgfjnL gf) != axd"No Tgx hl8Psf] dfnf Tgsf] xf . @= cn\sfzf:qcg;f sg}
l[ tsf] qmlds ljifosf] pNn]v xb F f kg]{ cn\sf cyf{n\sfsf] Ps e]b .

/gsKkm sl;\u xfNg] 6f]sL . gs gf) [c) d") gs\ c] != sg} sf jf sf0faf6 dgdf p7\
fFs emgs . @= ;gs . #= Gsf] GsfO . > gSs lqm) lj) != Ps} kN6 pQ]hgfdf ku] l;fpg] u
sg], ;lGsg] jf emlGsg] uL emgSs . @= tfTg] lsl;dn] lgs} hf]l;P . gjfs lj) [0fjfF
sf] ch
sf] jfFs] . @= xnSs a9] df]6fPsf] . gag lqm) lj) [gag] jg}el ;ff h
\undf
) e'n\ (c)] != s] s;f] ug]{ eGg] lg0f{o lng g;sL lNnP e'ne'n}ofdf kg]{ l:ylt . @= To;
k|sfsf] e'ne'n}of . lj) #= To;L e'ne'n}ofdf k]sf] . lqm) lj) $= To;L e'ne'n}ofdf kg
]{ uL . > ge'lNng' c) lqm) ge'Nn x'g' ge'Nndf kg'{ . ge'NNofO gf) ge'Nn x'g] jf
jf cj:yf . gfxf gf) [c) d") g\cfxf] != dgdf kg]{ c;Xo tfk cfGtls j]bgf . @= l;n] pT
ePsf] 56k6L cToGt 7"nf] emf]s . #= lFu6f rSs . $= l;sf] efj cfj]u pQ]hgf . lg
l;N
)] cfnf]kfnf] uL ljhoL v]nf8Lxn] k|fKt ug\ egL flvPsf] l;N8 . lgjf; gf) [fgLcfjf;]
Lxsf] cfjf;u[x cGtMk'sf ;'GbLxsf] lgjf; vf]kL . Gsg c) lqm) [c)d") gs\ g] != pQ
f ku] l;fpg cgfof; emf]lSsg . @= cToGt tftf] xg tfTg . #= aHg] wftdf cfjfh cf
pg] uL cf3ft nfUg . $= To:tf] cf3ft nfuL wftx aHg . > GsfO gf) lGsg] jf tfTg] lqmo
fk|lqmof l;n] jf tfkn] rd cj:yfdf kUg] lsl;d jf lqmof . GsfOg s) lqm) Gsg] jf tfTg]
ufOg ttfOg . Gsfpg ;) lqm) l; p7fpg jf tftf] kfg{ emf]s rnfpg jf ttfpg . Gsf
) k:kdf pQ]lht eP Gsg] sfd emf]sfemf]s afemfafem . Gsfxf lj) gSs l;fpg] vfnsf] h
f] l;fxf emf]sL . lGsg c) lqm) != 306f, sfF;sf afhf, ofD6f cflb aHbf vf; Wjlg lg:sg
fdf] Gsf] lgsfn] aHg . @= Gsg . #= Gsg] xf]Og . Gsf] gf) [Gs cf]] != l;sf] cfj]u
f . @= cfjfhsf] cgtfg Wjlgsf] t\u sg} j:taf6 lg:sg] d"n Wjlgsf] cgtfgsf kdf lg:sg]
zAb . #= sg} sf0faf6 k}bf xg] lFu6f kmgkmg] f]u . $= dfgl;s Psf]xf]f]kg dgsf] wg .
fO gf) [ lGs ( ofO] lGsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] GSofx6 gf) GSofO .
1060

G8f gf) [kmf) Gb] al;nfsf] h:tf] wf ePsf] kftfnfO{ vf]n k]sf] sf7df 7f]s ] xftf] xfnL
agfOPsf] sf7sf] ;tx ldnfpg dl;Gofpg k|of]u ulg cf}hf . G8L gf) [;+) 08f O{] gfrufg,
jgsf] Jofkf cflbaf6 hLljsf ug]{ :qL j]Zof ul0fsf . ~ sf]7L gf) j]Zof cfOdfO{sf] Jofj
;flos cv8f j]Zofj[lQ ug]{ sf]7f . afh lj) G8Lx;Fu kNs]sf] G8LafhL ug]{ j]Zof;Fu n;
]{ j]ZofufdL . afhL gf) j]Zof;Fusf] udg G8Ll;tsf] n;k; . G8f] gf) [;+) 08f cf]] G
fu]sf] k?if j]ZofufdL k?if kmF8f] a];Nnf] . Gyg gf) [c) d")] kL8f, e|d, lrGtf cfl
baf6 Gylgg] lqmofk|lqmof 56k6L . > GygfO gf) Gygfpg] efj lqmof jf k|lqmof . GygfOg
lqm) != Gylgg . @= Gygfpg] xf]Og . Gygfpg c) lqm) Gyg, e|d, kL8f, lrGtf cflb cgej
ug{ 56k6fpg . Gylgg c) lqm) != rf]6k6s, 7Ss cflbsf j]bgfn] 9Gdlgg Gygfpg . @=
l6f nfUg gfxf 56g \  . GyGofO gf) Gylgg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . GyGofOg s) lq
] tNofOg . GyGofpg k|) ] lqm);) lqm) Gylgg] tNofpg Gylgg nfpg . GyGofx6 gf)
. GyGofxf lj) != Gylgg] . @= GyGofpg] . Gy?dnf]Gy?df gf) [;+) 0f:yn f]dn] != c:
. @= cGof]n a]lylt . Gbf gf) [kmf) Gb] x]) G8f . Gws gf) [;+)] != vfg]sf ksfpg] J
;] . @= xflgsfs JolQm . Gwg gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t ksfpg] sfd fFWg] sfd . @= aafbL g
w| gf) [;+)] != Kjfn l5b| . @= bf]if sn\s . #= gfLsf] hgg]lGb|o of]lg . $= gf}c\snf
emfpg] zAb . j+z gf) uf]kLafF; . Gg lqm) lj) [;+) 0fg] != Wjlgsf] t\u jf cgtfgsf ;
f d"n cfjfhsf kl5 lgs} a];Dd lgl:sxg] Gsf]sf ;fydf . @= Hofb} tfTg] lsl;dn] ;fx|} lGs
. #= l;n] r" xg] 9\un] . $= zLdf Hjf] r9\g] uL . k6 gf) [;+) k6] Psbd} kmflsnf]
d}bfg rfk6 . kf]6 gf) [c\) lkf]6] { sg} sfo{ jf cfof]hgf cflbsf] ultljlwsf] ljj0f k|
xg] lx;fan] k|:tt ulg] k|ltj]bg lkf]6 . Kkm gf) [c) k"m] != sg} sk8f kmf6]sf] 7fp
l;of]n] ag]sf] ldlxg agfO . @= vt nfu]sf 7fpFdf flvg] k6\6L,

1061

/kmtD3f dGtf lj) [ d\ cGtf] lkmGtf 8nGtf . dd gf) [c) d") d\ c (l))] != xNsf
cln kk{ofpg] :jfb (l6Dd cflbsf] em}F) . lqm) lj) @= xNsf lsl;dsf] lkf] eP clnslt dfq
kkofpg] lsl;dn] . > ddtL lqm) lj) cem} dd xg] efjn] . ddfO gf) ddfpg] efj, lq
f . ddfOg c) lqm) != dd lkf] xg clncln lkf] xg . @= kkofpg . ddfx6 gf)
f] dfOnf]sf lglDt cfof]hgf ulPsf] sfo{qmd ldtf fdldtf cfdf]bk|df]b dgf]~hg . dl
p O g] dd xg dddf kl0ft xg . ddL lqm) lj) [c) d") dd O{] != ddtL gf) @=
efze, ;kmnc;kmn cflbsf] eljio ljrf ug]{ Hof]ltifzf:qLo Ps k4lt . df gf) [;+)] !=
lji0fsL zlQm nIdL . @= wd{kTgL u[lx0fL . #= gfL dlxnf . $= zf]ef ;Gbtf . %= wgbf}nt
L;DklQ . dfO gf) [ d\ ( cfO)] != dfpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [fd\ cfO] @= ufO{uf]? s
mof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] dfOg c) lqm) != dfpg] xg . s) lqm) @= fDg] tNofOg . dfOnf
] lj) != dgf]~hgk"0f{ Psbd} demd ePsf] ldtfoSt . @= d0fLo cToGt dgkbf]{ . gf) #=
dgaxnfp . dfpg c) lqm) != dfpg] sfd xg v;L cfgGbn] k|kmNn xg . @= ljifojf;gf
:jfy{ cflbdf dSv kg{ . #= ufO{a:tsf kf8faf5fx v;fpg . k|]) lqm) $= fDg] kfg{ fD
g nufpg . dfgf gf) [kmf) jfg] != sg} 7fpFaf6 ulg] k|:yfg e|d0f jf ofqf . lj) @= lxF8
sf] e|d0fzLn k|l:yt . khL{ gf) ofqfsf] clwsfkq jfgfkhL{ . dfklt gf) [;+)] dfsf
lt lji0f . ldtf gf) [;+) d0fLotf] dgnfO{ cfgGb lbO{ dfpg] kfg]{ pT;j cflb dfOnf]sf
Dt xg] v]n, tdf;f cflb . > ldtf?ldtfn lj) != ldt] . gf) @= ldtf x]g{ cfpg] JolQm .
t] lj) != tdf;f x]g]{ sfddf ;fd]n xg] ldtf x]g]{ . gf) @= ldtfsf] bz{s . ldg c) lqm
[ d\ O g] != dfpg] xg . [ fd\ Og] @= fDg] xg . d]h gf) pmgnfO{ gLnf] df Fuf
kbfy{ . D3f gf) [du) nf\uf (ufpF)] g]kfnL ;flxTosf] k|fylds sfnsf k|l;4 elQmjfbL s
lj efgeQm cfrfo{sf] hGd:yfg u08sL c~rnsf] tgxF lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps ufpF .

?jf cflb . ~ rSs lj) != efu]sf] . @= efu] a]kQf ePsf] . kmt gf) [c) At] sg} sfddf lj
f bvn kfpgsf lglDt ulg] cEof; bn]nL . tf gf) [kmf)] lxF8g \ ,] rNg] jf 36a9 xg] rfn
t . a8 gf) [c\) a] a . ~ 5Gb gf) kBz}nLsf kIfkftLxn] uBsljtfsf lglDt k|of]u ug]{ u
ofTds gfd . a gf) [c\)] != emG8} asf] em}F kft xg] Ps rf]kbf j[If . @= uf8Lsf rSsf,
a cflb cg]sf}F ;fdfg agfpg k|of]u xg], ;f]xL j[Ifsf] rf]k a8 nfa . ~ 5Gb gf) a85Gb .
fkm gf) [c) f]a] != xg;xg, j]ze"iff, af]nrfn, Jojxf, cflbdf b]lvg] t8se8s a9\tf 9fFrf
fkm kmtL{ wfs . @= csf{pk k|efj kfg{ jf bafp lbg lrg] :jf . > aflkmnf]afkmLafkm]
]vfpgkg]{ 9fFrf kfg]{ vfnsf] . aL gf) [c) aLc] lxpFb] afnL lxpFbdf kfSg] sdfO h8xg .
~ afnL gf) cGg, bfn, df; cflb lxpFb] k}bfjf lxpFb] afnL . d\g c) lqm) [d\ g] != d
gej ug{ dfpg cfglGbt xg . @= n6\7 kg{ eNg Psf]xf]f] eP nflukg{ . #= dfOnf]
g nx8 ug{ v]Ng . $= ef]uljnf;df eNg . d gf) [c\)] j}1flgs tlsfn] pTkfbg u]sf],
Fbf] emf]n xg] S;L . dsemds gf) [ demd] t8se8s a9fpg] lsl;dsf] demd pQfpnf] vfnsf]
ef . dhfg gf) [c)] d;ndfgxsf] f]hf (pkjf;) a:g] Ps kj{ . demd gf) [fd c) d") emd\ c
mds . @= lemnLldnL ;hwh . d0f gf) [;+)] != dgf]~hgsf lglDt ulg] ljnf; qmL8f . @= otfp
t 3Dg] sfd ljr0f . #= nf]Ug] kf]O . $= :qLk?ifsf] k:ksf] ltqmL8f . lj) % Koff] lk
^= nx8L l;s . > d0fL gf) != gfL :qLhflt . @= ;GbL cfOdfO{ fd|L ojtL . d0fLo lj
d} fd|f] dgf]x ;Gb . tf gf) ;Gbtf dgf]xkgf dfOnf]kg . dtf lj) [ d\ tf] x
!= ;Iffsf lglDt l;kfxLk|xLx flt jf hlt;s} a]nf 3Dg] sfd u:tL nufpg] sfd . @= u:tLd
f hfg] k|xL .

/Dk//; Dk gf) [c\)] cG8lao 5fF6sf], sf5b]lv :tg;Dd 5f]lkg], 6fFs ePsf] jf gePsf] k
v]Nbf :qLxn] nufpg] gfOngsf] nufljz]if . Daf; gf) xfQLaf fdafF; . Def gf) [;+)] !
af]6 sbnL . @= lzjsL zlQm uf}L . #= :ju{sf cK;fxdWo]sL Ps cK;f . > Def]? lj) != s]
fdsf] cfsfsf k'i6 uf]f] j0f{sf lt3|f ePsL (:qL) . gf) @= To:tL t?gL :qL . Do lj) [;+
)] != cToGt ;'Gb dgf]x . @= d0fLo . #= d0f ug{ of]Uo . tf gf) dfOnf]kg d0fLotf .
l76fl76Lx dgf]~hg ug{ e]nf x'g] :yn ldngs]Gb| . ld|g' c) lqm) [fd|f]Og'] fd|f] x'g
f x'g' . > Do|fO gf) fd|f]kgf /fd|f] x'g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . Do|fO gf) Do|fOF . D
lqm) fd|f] t'NofOg' . Do|fOnf] lj) fd|f] t'NofOPsf] h:tf] fd|f] t'NofOPsf] . Do|fpg'
) lqm) fd|f] t'Nofpg' fd|f] kfg{ nfpg' . Do|fx6 gf) Do|fOF Do|fO . ofn\g ;) lqm
3ngzLn jf w"nf], kL7f] cflb j:tnfO{ tn kbfy{df ldnfO{ jf wff 56\g] uL xF8Ng 3f]
Ng u]Ng . > ofnfO gf) ofNg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . oflng s) lqm) ofnfOsf] of]Uo k
]lng x8 F lng . logL gf) [fo OgL] != fo ysL cfOdfO{ fo :qL . @= fosL kTgL . N
> k|f) c ONn] != lhNn kg]{ vfnsf] lanvaGb k]sf] . @= lhNn lhnffd jfNn . lqm) lj) #= l
k] jfNn eP . > Nng c) lqm) != lhlNng . @= a];  f] jf Psf]xf]f] xg cwa];f | ]
NnfO gf) Nng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . NnfOg s) lqm) Nng] tNofOg . Nnfpg k|]) lqm);
ng] tNofpg . Nnfx6 gf) NnfO . lNng c) lqm) != Nng Nnf] xg . @= Nnf] xf]Og .
) #= Nnf] kflg . Nnf] gf) [Nn cf]] != dfbs tjn] dQ ePsf] JolQm xf]; vf 7]ufgdf
lQm . lj) @= cw{l;NnL cwa];|f] emNnf] . NNofO gf) [ lNn ( ofO)] != lNng] efj, lqmof
lqmof . [NNofp cfO] @= NNofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] NNofOg s) lqm) lhNnffd k
lg . NNofpg ;) lqm) lhNNofpg lhNnffd kfg{ . NNofx6 gf) NNofO . NNofxf lj) !=
= NNofpg] . j gf) [;+)] != sg} JolQm, k|f0fL jf j:taf6 JoQm jf cJoQm kdf k|s6 xg] g
fb Wjlg . @= zAb cfjfh . #=
1062

egegfx6 u~hg . jfguL gf) [kmf)] x]) jfgf . jfgf lj) [kmf)] != sg} 7fpFdf hfgsf lgld
xF8]sf] k|l:yt dfgf . gf) @= Ps 7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFsf] k|:yfg ofqfDe . ~ khL{ gf) sfo
{non] sd{rfL ;?jf xFbf jf sfhdf hfFbf ofqfsf] k|df0f:jk lbg] sfuh . jfkm gf) [jfa <
c) f]a] != s[lqd wfs kmtL{ 9fFrf :jf afkm . lj gf) [;+)] cflbTo ;"o{ . ~ d08n g
{ f jlkl b]lvg] ftf] ljDa jf 3]f] ;"o{d08n . @= ;f} u|xsf] ;d"x ;f}d08n . jf gf
tfsf ;ftj6f jfdWo] klxnf] jf ;f]djfeGbf klxnf] zlgjfeGbf kl5Nnf] lbg cfOtaf . jf
fOtaf . zgf gf) [;+)] != sDddf nufpg] ;f\nL cfsfsf] cfe"if0f gfLxsf] sGwgL . @= nu
Nemfpg sDddf nufOg] ;"q df}~hL . #= k6sf k]6L . $= 8f]L . > zgf]kdf gf) cn\sfzf:qs
;f pdk]o qmdzM pkdfgdf ablnFb} uP z[\vnf tof xg] Ps cyf{n\sf . lZd gf) [;+)] != rx
taf6 lg:sg] ls0f k|sfzdo j:taf6 lg:sg] ls0f k|sfz Hof]lt rds . @= y jf ;fbf 3f]8fs
vaf6 rfnssf xft;Dd kUg] 8f]L rfnsn] 3f]8fnfO{ jzdf fVg k|of]u ug]{ ;fwg . #= 3f]8
fsf] nufd uf8fsf] f; . $= 8f]L . ; gf) [;+)] != cfnf] jf lunf] j:t lgrf]bf{ cfpg] b|
j kbfy{ emf]n . @= jGo hLa6Lsf kft, af]qmf, 8fF7, hf k"mn;d]t kfFr c\unfO{ s6] lgr
f{ cfpg] tn kbfy{ . #= h/La6L, jg:klt cflbnfO{ pl;g]/ lgsflng] ;f hLa6Lsf] sfF8f .
$= vla?jfdf 3fp nufP lgsflng] vf]6f], rf]k cflb sg} k|sfsf] tn kbfy{ lgof{; . %= k|
Lsf zLaf6 lg:sg] ut, b"w, jLo{, kl;gf cflb . ^= cdtf k|bfg ug]{ ;wf cd[t . &= S;L d
. *= k|f0fLn] vfPsf] ef]hg kfrgy}nLdf kuL ut aGgeGbf klxn] aGg] tn kbfy{ zLsf ;Kt w
ftdWo] Ps . (= hn kfgL . !)= tn kbfy{ kGofnf] j:t b|j . !!= kfgLdf 3f]lnPsf] lrgL,
ld;|L, gg cflbsf] 3f]n ldl>t emf]n . !@= vfB j:t lhe|fdf kbf{ lhe|fn] cgej ug
]{ cldnf], glgnf], lkf], ulnof], 6f],{ tLtf];d]t 5 k|sfsf] :jfb if8\; ;g]lGb|on] k
t ug]{ cf:jfb . !#= ;flxTodf ljefj, cgefj ;~rfLefjsf ;+of]uaf6 k|:km[0f xg] z[\u
f, jL, s?0f, xf:o, cb\et, eofgs, f}b|, aLeT; zfGt;d]tsf cge"ltut gj; . !$= sg} j:t
sf] ;ftj dVotj . !%= cfojb {] Lo k4ltcg;f ljleGg wftxsf] e:d agfP tof ulPsf] c
lb . !^= kff] . !&= l;ld|s .

1063

/;b;fOnL ;a; gf) [; a;] != sg} cfsif{0fff hlGdg] cgfu k|]d cfTdLotf . @= a;fp7L
ldnfk lxdlrd . ;eL gf) [c\) f;aL] ;aL ;uf]nf (ld7fO{) . ;d gf) [c) :d] != rfn
lkf6L . ~ ljfh gf) kDkfut rfnrng Lltl:yltsf] k|rng a"9Ll9 . ;dfwL gf) [;+)] ;
sf] Ps k|sfsf] ld7fO{ . ;d}qL gf) [;+)] != bO{ ;sf] pkoQm d]n ulnof], cldnf], lkf]
cflb gafg] ;sf] ldnfk . @= k:kdf ljf]w gkg]{ ;sf] ld>0f . ;\u gf) [;+)] != cfdf]b
if{, pT;j cflbdf ulg] dgf]~hg dg axnfpg] sfd ldtf . @= xF:of}nL 7f . jtL lj) ;n]
f]bk|df]bdf dUg (:qL) dfOnL dhfsL . ;fh gf) [;+)] != ;flxTozf:qcg;f gj} ;xdf >]i
z[\uf ; . @= cfoj]{bsf cg;f kff] . ;jfb gf) [;+)] != ;nfO{ ;flxTosf] k|dv  tj d
;flxlTos l;4fGt ;k|fwfGojfb . @= l;nf] jf ddtfk"0f{ Jojxf k|d ] k"0f{ aftlrt . #= Vo
fn7f demd . > ;jfbL lj) != ;jfbsf] cgofoL . @= 7f, dfOnf] cflb ?rfpg] . ;jfg\ lj
= l;nf] emf]nbf ;oQm . @+ sfJodf rflxg] ;n] oQm . #= l;s 76f}nf] . ;ljf]w gf)
f] v08df :jfb lau|g], bO{ jf bO{eGbf w] ;sf] Pscsf{l;tsf] ljf]w . ; zf:q gf) [;+)]
!= ;flxTosf cg;f gj;xsf] cWoog ug]{ Ps zf:q . @= cfojb {] sf cg;f kff]sf] ljljw k|
of]uaf] hfgsfL ufpg] zf:q . #= ;fogzf:q . ; ;Dk|bfo gf) [;+)] ;jfbL l;4fGtsf] cg;0
{ cfnf]rsxsf] hdft ;jfbsf cgofoLsf] ;d"x . ;l;4 lj) [;+)] ;sf] cleJo~hgdf ;kmn ePsf]
leJolQmsf] sfddf ;kmn . ;l;Gb" gf) [;+)] kff] uGws ldnfO{ tof ulg] Ps ;f}ifw . ;f
)] != e"ld k[YjL . @= gbL ;ltf . #= ;ftn . ;fO gf) [;+) ;fp ( cfO)] != efF8f cflb
lqmofk|lqmof . @= ; cfpg] lsl;d, lqmof jf efj . [ > ] ;fOg gf) efF8f cflb ;fP 6fNg] l
zNk . ;fOg c) lqm) != ; cfpg] xf]Og . @= l;g l;nf] xg . s) lqm) #= ;fOg nufOg
OnL gf) [;fon O{] != ;fon eGg] 7fpFaf6 cfPsf] JolQm . @= sfdLxsf] Ps y .

!*= sfdJojxfdf ;a; ug]{ JolQmn] kfpg] cfsif{0f cfGtls ?lr . !(= sg} sfo{ ubf{ ldNg] c
fTd;Gtli6 . @)= ;\u f;qmL8f s]ln . @!= ul0ftHof]ltifdf ^ c\ssf] gfd ^ c\ s nfO{ a
g] zAb . @@= jf:t tyf d"lt{snfcg;f ^ cdnsf] gfkf]nfO{ aemfpg] zAb . ~ sk gf) cf
oj]{bdf k|of]u xg] Ps ;]tf] wft . ~ s]ln gf) != cfdf]bk|df]b . @= ;\u . #= df]hdH
hf . s]; gf) sk" sk" { . ~ qmL8f gf) ;s]ln . uL gf) a];fsf h:tf kft, tlGsPsf
tL; ;]lG6ld6 nfdf, dfnfcfsfsf kft xg] kfts} 6Kkfdf ;]tf] unfkmL k"mn kmNg], lx
dfnolt kfOg], cfoj]{bdf ufO{a:tsf cf}ifwLsf] kdf k|of]u ulg], cbjfsf ;d"xsf] Ps
a6L . uuL{ gf) hfdf cfnh:t} bfgf nfUg], ;+oQm kft xg], nxfdf af:gfoQm dl;gf k"
mn kmNg] ftf kmn nfUg], cfoj]{bsf cg;f sf08sf] pkof]u bfFt bVbf hfsf] pkof]u 6f
psf] bVbf xg] Ps nxf] . ue{ gf) ;f~hg . uf]nf gf) b"w km6fPsf] 5f]qmfnfO{ uf]nuf]
kfL lrgLsf] rf:gLdf 8afO{ agfOg] ld7fO{ ;aL . 1 lj)!= ;flxTo jf cfoj]{bdf j0f{g e
cg;f ;sf] dd{nfO{ km]nf kfL kfv ug{ hfGg] ;sf] dxjnfO{ ag] . @= snf ;flxTosf] d
x[bob]lv sb ug{ hfGg] l;s . ;b gf) [kmf)] != sg} ;d"x, ;+:yf, ;]gf cflbsf lgldQ Joj:
f ulg] vfB ;fdu|L f;g cGgkft cgfh . @= l;wf ;f]b . ~ kfgL gf) vfg] sf kfgL cGg
o hn . ;bf lj) [; bf] Psbd} ;oQm ;}; ePsf] l;nf] . ; wo] ] f] gf) [;wo]F
mNg], k'm;|f xlof
sf nfDrf, dl;gf kft x'g], a'6fa'6L k] s f dl;gf v x' g ] , k| f oM
rf xhf lkm6eGbf sd prfOdf dfq x'g], k|z:t u'lnof] ; eP klg ;Ltfsf] ut 7fgL df}L a:t}g
egL nf]sn] ljZjf; ulPsf] Ps kf]yf |] . ;wft' gf) [;+)] != zLdf x]sf ;ft wft'dWo]sf]
s wft' jf hnLotj . @= kff] . ;g gf) [;+)] lha|fn] 5f]P :jfb ljrf ug]{ sfo{ rvfO . >
f) != vfPsf j:t'sf] dL7f]gdL7f], tLtf]lkf] cflb :jfb yfxf kfpg] c lha|f] . @= ;sf] c
g'ej ;f:jfbg . ;gLo lj) rfVg of]Uo ; lng of]Uo . ;g]lGb|o gf) :jfb lng] 1fg]lGb|o
. ;k|fwfGojfb gf) [;+)] k"jL{o sfJozf:qsf cg';f z[
u \ f cflb ;nfO{ sfJosf] cfTdf dfGg
u'0f, cn
\sf cflbnfO{ aflxL tj dfq dfGg] Ps l;4fGt . ;aL gf) [c
\) f;aL] ;eL

/;fpg/xg ;fpg c) lqm) [; cfp g] != ;n] oQm xg ; elg l;nf] xg . @= ; t
tn kbfy{ clncln u] lg:sg . $= dgdf bof cflb knfpg . ;) lqm) %= v;L tNofpg lemfp
g k|;Gg kfg{ . ^= ;fOg nfpg . ;fpgL gf) ;fOg . ;f~hg gf) [;+)] cfFvfsf] cf}ifwLsf
lDt rqfsf] sf7, hf] cflb ksfP agfOg] j:t cfFvfsf] cf}ifwL ;ue{ . ;ftn gf) [;+)] k[
eGbf tn dflgPsf ;ft nf]sdWo] 5}6f}F nf]s kftfn tnftnsf aLrsf] Ps nf]s . ;fTds lj) [
;+)] != sfJodf cfjZos ;n] oQm . @= ;nfO{ dxj lbP n]lvPsf] . #= l;nf] f]rs . $= emf]
mf]lnnf] ;oQm tn . ;flb gf) [;+)] != kff] xfn] e:dsf kdf tof ulPsf] cfoj]{lbs
j) @= wftpkwft ld;fO{ agfOPsf] (cf}ifwL) . ;fog gf) [;+)] != wftnfO{ ufn] e:d kf
g]{ jf Ps wft jf b|JonfO{ csf{ j:tdf kl0ft ug]{ lj1fg f;folgs ljBf ;fogzf:q . @= tf
dfnfO{ ;g agfpg ;lsg] Ps slNkt of]u . #= cf}ifwL . $= ;fOg . %= tn kbfy{ la:tf} r
xg] sfd ;fO . ~ lj1fg gf) ;fog;DaGwL ljlwnfO{ k|bz{g ug]{ ljBf . ~ zf:q gf) kbfy{df
g] cg]sfg]s ;tjsf] ljj]rgf jf ljZn]if0f ug]{ ljBf ;foglj1fg . ;fn gf) [;+)] != cfFk
|kmn . @= pv . #= s6x . lj) $= ;n] elPsf] l;nf] . %= dL7f] dw :jfboQm . ;fn l
jf :jfb lng hfGg] . ;fnf] gf) [; cfnf]] l;vgL{ . l;g c) lqm) [; O g] != k|]d xg
f{0f a9\g lxdlrd xg . @= tn kbfy{ clncln uL rxg . #= bO{j6f wftsf j:tx k:kdf
fOgff hf]l8g . $= Kjfn k]sf] 7fpF ;fOgff 6flng ;fOg . l;s lj) [;+)] != ; jf :
ug{ hfGg] . @= cfgGbL dugd:t . #= qmL8fk|]dL v]nlk|o . $= ;bf :jflbi7 . gf) %= ;f}Gbo
{, snf, ;flxTo cflb ljifodf cgfu ePsf] JolQm ;x[boL JolQm efjoQm JolQm . ^= sfJo
snfsf] dd{ ag ;Sg] JolQm ;1 . tf gf) != l;ssf] u0f jf efj l;skg ;1tf . @= xF;Ll
7f . ] f] . l;t lj) [;+)] != ; ePsf] ;oSt . @= ;fPsf] rxs #= zAb jf cfjfh lgsflnP
l;b gf) [kmf) ;Lb] sg} j:t jf k};f aemfpFbf ag] tkm{af6 aemfpg]n] lnOfVg] khL{
f{O{ .
1064

l;of gf) [; Oof] != ojsojtLn] k:kdf k|Zgf]Q u] ufpg] f[\uf /;oQm nf]suLt t?g
bf]xf]L hxfLsf] Ps k|sf . @= ofp] 5Gbsf] Ps k|sf . l;nf] lj) [;+) ; Onf]] != w]
f] . @= dL7f] :jflbi7 . #= ;Gbf cfgGb nfUg] ;dw . $= ldhfl;nf] dfOnf] sf ug]{ . %
6f}nf] l;s . ;jf gf) [ef]) a)] != g]kfnsf] jfUdtL c~rnsf] sf7df8f}F lhNnfeGbf pQL e]
lt x]sf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . @= ;f]xL lhNnfsf] pQL efudf kg]{, cfjthfjt ug]{ Ps lxdfnL
eGHof . ;]6f]! gf) [; P6f]] != ; ksfpg] jf s]xL ksfpg] rnf] pv, sfutL, ltqL cflbsf
ksfpg] 7"nf] rnf] . @= ksfpg], lkFWg] cflb w]} sfdwGbfsf] 6G6f emd]nf . ;]6f]@ gf)
[f; P6f]] sg} rLhaLrsf] yk|f] jf 8\u . ;f}ifw gf) [;+)] kff] xfn] tof ulPsf] cf
] e:dsf] ;flb . :tf gf) [kmf) f:t] != af6f] dfu{ . @= sg} sfo{;Dkfbg ug]{ pkfo sfd u
sg} klg tlsf . ls:tf gf) != sfdsfh ug]{ k|aGw sfo{;~rfng ug]{ k|aGw :tf . @= ljleG
|sfsf cfly{s sff]af ug]{ aGbf]a:t sdsndsf 7]sfxsf] n]gb]g ug]{ Joj:yf . :ofO gf) [
O)] :ofpg] jf yKo|fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] :ofOg s) lqm) :ofpg] sfd ulg yKo|fOg
. :ofpg ;) lqm) [f; ofp g] != sg} j:tsf] 8\u  nufpg f; kfg{ ykfg{ . @= dnT
:ofpg (lgGbfy{df) . x gf) [;+) xb] kfgLsf] 7"nf] bx tfn x|b . xg c) lqm) [k|f= x
:g 7xg{ l6Sg . @= df}hb  xg pkl:yt xg ljBdfg xg . #= ultdf c8fg cfpg f]lsg
yfldg . $= sg} j:tsf] cjz]if aRg afFsL xg aRg . %= hxfFsf] txfF 56\g 5f]l8g
. xsn gf) sg} ;d"xsf] lx;faaf6 afFsL x]sf] c+z cjz]if ar]vr  s ] f] j:t . ] a6jf
hg gf) [kmf) fxhg] Psnf; k]sf] af6f] 9s n6\g] 8fFs PsfGtdf 9s] 8fFsf ug]{ rf] .
gf) af6f3f6fsf] PsfGt 7fpFdf 9sL df}sf kf] 8fFsf ug]{ sfd 8s}tL . xg gf) [x cg] xfO
(;df;sf] cfDedf dfq, h:t} xg;xg) . ;xg gf) != njfO, vjfO, Jojxf, kDkf cflbsf] 9fFr
f . @= hLjglgjf{x ug]{ k4lt . > xgL gf) != xg] jf f]lsg] 7fpF ult cjf]w xg] :yn .

1065

/x/f8L cflb ;'lGgP Psbd} 6g6gfpg' . fsL gf) [c) OfsO{] g]kfnsf }yfg] d';ndfg Jofk
. ~ ahf gf) sf7df8f}F OGb|rf]sl:yt r'f, kf]t] cflb Jofkf ug]{ ;fgf] ahf d';ndfgsf] ah
. fs] gf) [fFsf]P] != >fj0f;
\qmflGtsf ef]lnkN6sf] lbg ;f] lbg vf; uL tfdf
, du, f
flbn] dgfpg] rf8kj{ d]nf . @= tftf] lsl;dsf] xfjf n" . #= af]6la?jfsf kftx 89] ftf x
'g] Ps f]u t
\u] . lj) $= fFsf];DaGwL fFsf]jfnf . ~ atf; gf) tftf] xfjf klZrdL xfjf
e"t gf) cFw]L ftdf fFsf]sf kdf b]lvG5 eg] nf]sn] dfg]sf] Ps e"t . ~ xfjf gf) fFs] a
cf]] != cfufsf] d':nf] cToGt x'x'fpFbf] fsf] gf) [;+)
\s Hjfnf . @= afF;sf ef6f
r] d'7Le kfL ;NsfOg] ftdf lxF8\bf pHofnf]sf] nflu k|of]u ulg] k'N7f] d;fn em . #
L{sf] tfk . $= Hjfsf] tfk e'
\u|f] . ~ d':nf] gf) != fFsf] d':nf] . @= cfuf]sf] ljsf
f] anfO bgbgfx6 . flSsg c) lqm) [fFsf] O g] fFlsg . fu gf) [;+)
\u] x]) f

e}F;Lsf] efn] hf]Tg jf lahgsf nflu kflnPsf] efn] e}; F L dlxif . f6f gf) [fF6f]sf]
) )] x]) fF6f] . f6L gf) v]tsf dl;gf ?D6f?D6L dl;gf kmf]u6fkmf]u6L . f6 ] lj) [
fF6f kf] hf]tvg u]sf] fF6f ePsf] . f6f] gf) [ xcfF6f]] != vghf]t ubf{ st}st} vGg
'6k'6 ePsf] afFemf] hldg xfF6f] . @= lnkkf]t ubf{ aLrdf 5'6] kf]ltPsf] 7fpF 6f6f] . f
gf) [;+) 08f] != kf]O d] ljwjf ePsL cfOdfO{ fF8L . @= /G8L j]Zof . #= :qLhfltnfO{ ufn
ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . ef8 gf) != hyfefjLsf nfhefF8 sf efF8e}nf] cZnLn ufnL . @=
fF8 . #= efF8em}F 5f8f ePsf] fF8;d'bfo . lj) $= 5f8f cZnLn . f8ff8L gf) [fF8f]fF8
' ljwjf . @= s]6fs]6L (:g]xk"js { ufnL ubf{) . #= df]fdf]L (ufnLsf] cy{df) . f8L gf
;+) 08fO{] != kltsf] b]xfGt ePkl5sL kTgL ljwjf . @= cfOdfO{nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u x'
g] zAb fF8 k'mF8L . lj) #= nf]Ug] d]sL kf]O d]sL . sf] 5f]f] gf) != afa'sf] 7]ufg
5f]f], j]Zofk'q . @= nf]Ug]dflg;nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u x'g] zAb . ~ k'm8 L gf) !=
;xfo jf ;+Ifs gePsL cfOdfO{ lg:;xfo gfL . @= fF8L (lgGbfy{df) . ~ df;' gf) ljwjfsf zL
nfu]sf] df;' kf]Osf] d[To'kl5 :jf:gLsf hLpdf a9] cfPsf] df;' fF8f] df;' . f8LnfO{ kf
t]sf] x (pvfg) .

@= s;}sf] dg fVg] Jojxf lrQ a'emfpg] sf] . #= sljtfdf lglZrt 7fpFdf xg] lj>fd olt c
$= uLt jf ;
\uLtsf] qmdzM bf]xlOxg] c+z 6]s :yfoL . %= y]uf] . x! gf) [lx) c/x/, ;+
sL] != lzLifsf h:tf kft x'g], a9Ldf rf ld6 nfdf], Ps} ;fn dfq xg] a'6f] x'g], kx]n F
f k"mn k'mNg] Ps} e]6g \ fdf rfkfFrj6f sf];f nfUg], Ps sf];fdf b;afx|j6f bfgf nf
Ug], bfnhftsf] Ps cGg . @= o;} sf];fsf kmnnfO{ bn] bfn vfg agfOPsf] 5fF6f . x@ gf) [
nx8] sg} sfd jf 1fgfh{g cflb ug{ hfUg] pTs6 OR5f pTs07f rfv rfx cfsf
\Iff . ~ nfUbL l
cle?lr a9fpg] vfnsL dg kg]{ lsl;dsL fd|L (:qL) . ~ nfUbf] lj) cle?lr jf cfsif{0f huf
pg] vfnsf] dgkbf]{ . xL gf) [xO{] x (bfn af]6) . x] lj) [xP] x ug]{ cTo
= cgfjZos sfsf] x ug]{ crf8' JolQm . xn lj) [xn] x]sf] ar]sf] ar]vr ' s ] f] pa
lj) != afFsL x]sf] ar]v'r]sf] . gf) @= ple|Psf] j:t' lgyflkyf h'7f]k'f] . x:o gf)
= k|sl[ tsf h'g;'s} kIfdf leq l5k] x]sf] ufF7L sf] d"n tj u'Kt tj u'Kt e]b u'Xo
= dd{ leqL cfzo . #= bfz{lgs b[li6n] b'af]{w j:t'sf] k|ToIfLs0f ug{ k|of; ulg] ;f j:
t' b'af]{w tj . lj) $= u'Kt l5k]sf] . jfb gf) k|ToIf j:t'nfO{ klrfng ug]{ tjsf kdf
txdf x]sf zlQmnfO{ l:jsfg]{ l;4fGt . jfbL lj) x:ojfbsf] cg';0f ug]{ x:ojfbsf] ;dy{
xf6] gf) != Fu6] sldnf] . @= rv]{ lk
. xf6f] gf) [xcfF6f]] fF6f] . xfO gf) [
qmof jf k|lqmof [>] xfOg' s) lqm) xg nfOg' a;fOg' . xfpg' k|]) lqm) xg nfpg' xg] k
pg' . lxt lj) [;+)] != sg} kbsf kl5lNt nfuL cefj, xLg, ljgfh:tf cy{ a'emfpg] pQkb (h:
t} boflxt, u'0flxt, wd{lxt cflb) . @= ljxLg jl~rt (pgL ;a} u'0faf6 lxt 5g\) . Tj g
gtf cefj . lxg' c) lqm) [xOg'] xg] xf]Og' al;g' . x' gf) [;+) f]lxt] Ps hftsf] d
xt f]x' . x]kx]sf] lj) [x]kx]sf]] ar]v'r]sf] afFsL;]sL l;nf]afnf] xnkxn . flsg
] != l;n] fFsf]h:tf] xg h\luP cfuf] xg . @= k|sfzoQm xg hfHjNodfg xg . #= tf
t elP gSs xg v"a df]6fpg . $= 3fpvl6f

/fF8f]fv\g f8f] gf) [;+) 08fcf]] != :jf:gL dl;s]sf] k'?if kTgL lalt;s]sf] JolQm
@= :jf:gL d]sf] ljw' . fw \ g ;) lqm) [;+) Gwg g] sg} j:t ksfpg ksfpgkg]{ sf
NofO ug{ lFWg . > flwg' c) lqm) != v'a;Fu kfSg' a];L kfSg' . s) lqm) @= fFWg] sf
wfOdf kflg' . faf]fef] gf) [ fdf]] sf7 tf5\tf ;DDofP lrNnf] kfg]{ xltof fdf] .
FkmfOF] != sg} sfdsfdf x'g] cfg} ;fdYo{k"0f{ 9nLdnL hfOF ;Dk"0f{ clwsf . @= x}x's
[c
\)] gofF k|zf;gJoj:yfeGbf klxn]sf] alxbfeGbf dfly d'lvofeGbf tnsf] kb jf pSt kbs
f] sd{rfL . fOtffOtf] gf) [lx) fotf (cf])] g'g dd;nf ldnfO{ bxLsf] n]bf]df rf]k]
a'lgofFsf] crf lkFw]sf] fof]sf] w"nf] dd;nf ldnfP agfOPsf] bxLsf] n]bf] . fOkmn g
)] l;;fsf dl;gf b;, kGw|, aL; jf cg]s uf]nLx c6fpg] k8\s] 6f9f;Ddsf] nIonfO{ k|xf u
g{ ;Sg] cfw'lgs aGb's . fOkmf8f] gf) [fof]kmfF8f]] != k:ksf] em}emu8f cfk;sf] ljjfb
sg} j:t' jf ;;fdfgsf] hyfefjL k|of]u . #= uf]a, kmf]x, lxnf] cflb lunf] jf n]bf] j:
t' sNr] hyfefjL 6]Sbf x'g] kmf]xf] . $= fof] ksfPsf] kmfF8f] (lgGbfy{df) . fOaf3 gf)
;+) fhJof3|] != 7"nf] hftsf] af3 kf6] af3 (fona\ufn6fOu] . lj) @= eo\s jf 7"nf] 8
. fOaf3f lj) [;+) fhAof3|] != al3gLsf] h:tf] bR5 :jefjsL fs:gL dfkfsL /fOal3gL .
= af3h:tL eo\s jf pu| :jefjsL cfOdfO{ . #= 7"nf] hftsL al3gL . > fOaf3] lj) fOaf3sf]
h:tf] s8f cfgLafgL ePsf] dfkfsf] bR5 :jefjsf] 8F8fs . fOQL lj) [fof] QL] != ePe
lg g5f]l8Psf] ;Dk"0f{ . lqm) lj) @= yf] klg Hofb} sd dfqfdf klg fof]sf] bfg cyjf QL
f nfnu]8Lsf] bfghlt klg . fO{! gf) [c\] uxFsf] Ps hft d8nf] uxF d8nL uxF dn
xF . fO{@ gf) [;+) fh] lxdfnL e]udf kfOg] Ps hftsf] Rof\uf| ] . fO{# gf) [k|f) fOcf
;+) flhsf] != k|frLg g]kfnL efiffdf fhfnfO{ (ljz]iftM s0ff{nL k|bz ] sf) aemfpg]
zAb . @= g]kfnsf] Ps hflt lsfFtL . #= k|frLg sfndf dfnkf]t
1066

jf ltf]ef] p7fpg] Ps kbflwsfL . $= fof] . %= lkKnfsf] ;fu . ~ sf gf) fO{efiff . ~ u

] gf) sfnLu08sLlt kfOg] 7"nf] hftsf] uF8]f] . ~ hflt gf) fO{ . ~ kuL gf) dof{bfsf nf
O{nfO{ lbOg] jf lbOPsf] kuL fO{sf] dfgdof{bfsf] kuL . ~ efiff gf) fO{hfltn] af]Ng] cg
sf}F efiffxdWo] sg} Ps . fp6] gf) g]kfnsf] ;'b" klZrdf~rnsf], lkmGtf Joj;fo ePsf] l;s
LjL Ps hflt sf7sf efF8fx agfO{ hLjg j[lQ rnfpg] / h
\undf a:g] Ps hflt . ~ s'f gf) fp6
hfltsf] efiff . ~ hflt gf) fp6] . ~ ;+:s[lt gf) fp6] hfltsf], cem} u'kmfdf cfl>t ;+
:s[lt . ~ ;Eotf gf) fp6] hfltsf] cem} s[lifJoj;fodf ltO{ g;s]sf] cflbd ;Eotf . fpt gf
[fhb"t] g]kfnL IfqLsf] Ps y . :qL) fpTgL f}ltgL . fpn gf) [fhsn] g]kfnL If]qLsf]
qL) fpNgL . fs; gf) [;+) fIf;] != fIf; fR5]; . @= bi6 :jefj ePsf] JolQm jf k| f 0fL
lj) #= b i 6 lg7 L . > fs;gLfs:gL gf) fIf; :qL bfgjL . @= bi6 :jefj ePsL cfOdfO
} dfkfsL :jf:gLdfG5] bi6f :qL . #= c;fwf0f ;fx; sfd ug]{ zlQm ePsL cfOdfO{ . lj)
$= clt bi6f bofdfof slQ klg gePsL ;fx|} qm" jf lgi7 :jefjsL . fsf gf) [;+)] != k"l0
{dfsf] ft k"l0f{df . @= c\luf Clifsf rf 5f]LdWo] Ps . #= a[x:klt ClifsL elugL clUg,
:klt, ptYo ;+jt{sf rf elugLcgdtL, fsf, sx" l;gLjfnLdWo] Ps . fIf; gf) [;+)] != k
oub]lv g} dfG5]sf k|ltkIfL dflgPsf c;hflt fs; . @= kf0f cflbsf cg;f geIfL hflt .
lj) #= bi6 qm" bR5 . ~ ljjfx gf) o4 guLsg} ;6S  s sGof n6 ] NofO{ ulg] ljjfx
] atfPsf ljleGg k|sfsf ljjfxdWo] Ps . fIf;L gf) [;+)] != fIf;hfltsL :qL :qL fIf; . @=
bi6 :jefj ePsL cfOdfO{ bR5 :jf:gLdfG5] . lj) #= fIf;;DaGwL cf;L . $= fIf;em}F lgi7
:jefjsL . %= fIf;h:tf] 8nfUbf] ljs6 (sd{) . ~ dfof gf) cf;L dfof 5n5fd . ~ ljjfx gf
f;ljjfx . fS;] lj) [fs; P] != kmf]xL d}nf] . gf) @= f;sf]6L 7sLnfO{ k"j{ g]kfndf el
. > fS;]gL lj) != fs; :jefj ePsL (:qL) . gf) @= f;sf]6L dlxnf jf f;sf]6LsL kTgL . fv
 ;) lqm) [;+) If0f] != sg} j:tnfO{ sg} 7fpFdf yGSofpg Ps 7fpFdf htg;fy xg lbg . @
hf]ufpg

1067

/fvg/fh bLkssfb]zL, sdlbgL, g6, s]bff sfGwf) . flunf] lj) != fu lbg] xs cfpg]
ds . fuL lj) != \udf FluPsf] FufOPsf] l~ht \lug . @= ljifojf;gfdf kmF;]sf] lji
. gf) #= k|]dL cgfuL JolQm . $= fu ufpg] JolQm uj}of j:tfh . f3j gf) [;+)] != bzy
7f 5f]f fdrGb| . @= 3 gfds fhfsf sndf pTkGg ePsf] JolQm 3sf] ;Gtfg . #= ;db|df x
f5fxdf ;aeGbf 7"nf] df5fsf] Ps hft Xj]n . fl3gf;] lj) [fl3gf; (:yfg) P] != cgxf hL
}nf]w}nf] ePsf] kmf]xf]L . gf) @= nDhsf] fl3gf; eGg] 6fsf] dfG5] jf j:t . f3L gf)
] ftf] jf s}nf] j0f{df ;]tf] jf sfnf] j0f{ ldl;Psf] ufO{ . f3] lj) [fu P] != ftf], s}n
] jf sfnf] df ;]tf] jf WjfF;] ldl;Psf] bfuL sf] . gf) @= To:tf] j0f{sf] uf]? . kf
f3] kf6f k]sf af b]lvg] 6f6]kf6] emfn]dfn] . f gf) [fFu] tfk kbf{ kUng], jhgbf
;]tf] wft fFu . fef gf) [ef]) a)] ejfsf] emnf] agfO{ bl;{g9\uf rsdsff cfuf]
ddf k|of]u ulg], ;fy} sf7sf kdf klg c;n dflgg] Ps k|sfsf] n]sfnL j[If nL (vf;uL nf]sl
Zjf;cg;f l;:gdf xfg] kfgL lgsfNg] rflxF) agfpg] sfddf cfpg] ;f]xL j[If . fR5]; gf)l
j)[ ;+) fIf;] x]) fIf; . > fR5]:gL gf)lj) x]) fs:gL . fh gf) [;+) fHo] != /fHosf]
Joj:yf fHo;~rfngsf] sfo{ef/ jf bfloTj . @= x]) /fhsfh . #= a:g] sfo{ (;Ddfgfy{df,
h:t} oxfF fh xf];\ .) $= fhf jf ;sfsf clwsfleqsf] Onfsf fHo . [;+) fhg\] %= cGo z
j{ jf pQkbsf kdf k|of]u eO{, ;j{>i ] 7, fhsLo, k|wfg, dVo cflb cy{ aemfpg] zAb (h
:t} fh;ef, fh;Qf, kl08tfh, /fhof]u, fhxfF; cflb) . ^= fHo . c\s gf) /fhs/ . cf
fn] kmn kmNg] Ps yL cfFk fhfd| . sGof gf) fhfsL 5f]L fhsdfL . s gf) != sg}
pg] s fh:j . @= k|frLg hdfgfdf }tLn] fhfnfO{ ltg]{ u]sf] s . ~ sd{rfL gf) != ;sf
o'Qm sd{rfL ;sfL ;]jfsf] hflubf JolQm . @= fhfsf] sd{rfL fhbafsf] sd{rfL . s
sf] h:tf] af]6df leqkl ftfftf rfj6f kft nfUg],

;fFRg' vr{ gug'{ . #= a;fpg' a;fNg' . $= sg} j:t'sf] k|lti7f ug'{ :yfkgf ug'{ yfKg' .
%= ljjfxljlw guL sg} cfOdfO{nfO{ :jf:gL agfpg' vf}6L t'Nofpg' . fvg gf) [fv\cg] s
sf] ;+If0f (wg zAb;Fu ;df; x'Fbf dfq}, h:t} fvgwg) . wg gf) sg} j:tsf] yfGsf]d
sfd hf]ufp . fvkmf gf) [fv\ kmf\] != fVg] km]g]{ sfd . @= km]kmf ug]{ sk8f, uxgf
f) != hLjgsf cfosf] ;Ldf afFRgkg]{ cjlw cfo kdfo . @= Ifs eujfg\ lji0f . bf;
= lji0fsf] eQm . @= bf;xsf Ifs lji0f . fvfnL gf) g]kfnsf] Ps k|l;4 lsfFthflt . flv
) lqm) [fv\ O g] fVg] sfd ulg yfGsf]dGsf] ulg yGSofOg . fu! gf) [kmf) fg] !=
fF3 jf rfsdf kg]{ kmflsnf] efu . @= lt3|fsf] cl3Nnf] efu . #= 3f]8fsf] sf7Ldf a;]
hfF3n] RofKg] Ps k|lqmof . fu@ gf) [;+)] != sg} Koff] ljifo jf j:tkl| t xg] cgfu e
msfp k|]defj cglSt . @= sg} j:t jf ljifok|ltsf] df]x . #= nf]e nfn;f . $= pd\u cfg
if{ . %= O{iof{ ]if . ^= sk", s:t"L, rGbg cflbaf6 tof ulPsf], zLdf 3:g] n]k c\un]
xb F L dfx . *= ;\u . (= cToGt rsf]{ jf s8f uGw . !)= ;\uLtzf:qcg;f :j ufogk|l
jl:yt, ;Gb cfsif{s Wjlgxsf] ljz]if ;+of]hg Wjlgfu . (o;sf cf}8j, iff8j ;Dk"0f{ tLg
e]bsf e}j, dfnsf]z, lx08f]n, bLks, >L d]3 5 fu 5g\ .) !!= lkf]kg xs . ~ bafL gf)
;\uLtsf] Ps fu . ]if gf) != dgdf hlGdg] 3dG8, pQ]hgf, l; cflb . @= cf;L :jefjsf] P
0f k:ksf] Jofjxfls kljqtf sfod xg glbg] dfgl;s efj dgf]dflnGo j}dg:o . ~ kljf gf
;\uLtsf 5j6f fu tL;j6f flugL Pj+ ltgsf zfvf k|zfvfx;d]t hDdf rf ;o rf}f;L e]bsf] ;
. dfnf gf) cg]s fuflugL qmda4 uL ufOg] uLt . ~ \u gf) != ufgfahfgf;DaGwL fdldtf
@= rfnrng \u9\u . ~ flugL gf) fukljf . > fufTds lj) fun] elPsf] emsfp k|
uLtzf:qsf cg;f 5 fusf tL;j6f e]bsf] ;fd"lxs gfd (qmdzM e}j fusfe}j, jf6L, dwdfwjL,
GwjL a\ufnL dfnsf]zsftf]8L, uf}L, u0fsnL, vDafjtL sse lx08f]nsffdsnL, b]zfIfL,
nfjn k6dGhL >Lsfdfn>L, cfzfjL, wgf>L, j;Gt df? d]3sf6\s, dNnf, uh { L, e"kf>L

/fhsfh/fhb"t ;uGwfhh:t} kmNg], k"mnsf] yFuf] tnlt ns{g] Ps af]6 . @= ;f]xL af]6s
f] kmn . fhsfh gf) [;+) fhsfo{] != b]zsf] zf;g;~rfngsf] Joj:yf fHo;~rfngsf] Joj:yf f
~rfng . @= P]gsfggsf cfwfdf rn]sf] ;Dk"0f{ zf;gsfo{ zf;g . #= /fhfsf] zf;g . ~ ckf
w gf) b]zsf] zf;gJoj:yfsf lj?4 ulPsf] ckfw fHok| l t ulPsf] ckfw ;+ljwfgljf]wL ck
aGwL lj) != b]zsf] zf;gJoj:yf;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] b]zsf] hg;s} fhgLlts Jojxf;Fu ;DaGw e
Psf] . @= ;+ljwfg;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ ;DaGwL d2f gf) b]zsf] fHo;~rfng;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] d
2f b]zsf] zf;gJoj:yf;Fu ;DaGw ePsf] d2f ;+jw } flgs kdf cfklQhgs ckfw ug]{sf lj?4 r
nfOg] d2f . > fhsfhL lj) fhsfhl;t ;DalGwt fhsfh;Fu ;f]sf ePsf] . fhsLo lj) [;+)]
t ;DaGw ePsf] fHo:tsf] . @= /fhf;Fu ;DalGwt . ~ klifb\ gf) /fh;+:yfoQm fi6sf] pRr:
f fHo jf fh;ef . ~ k|fleof]Stf gf) ;sfjfbL xg] d2fdf ;sfsf tkm{af6 sg} d2f rnfp
m ;sfL kIfaf6 s;}sf lj?4 d2f rnfpg] JolQm . ~ ;ef gf) ;sfL :tsf] ;ef dGqL ;sfs
Qmxsf] ;ef . fhsdf gf) [;+)] != fhfsf] kq fhfsf] 5f]f] zfxhfbf . @= f}t]nf] s
Tdh gf) fhsdfsf] 5f]f] fhfsf] gflt . fhsdfL gf) fhfsL 5f]L fhsGof zfxhfbL .
n gf) [;+)] != fhfsf] j+zkDkf fh3fgf fhfsf] kljf . @= fhk|f;fb fhbaf . #=
osf] 5fglag xg] 7fpF baf srxL . fhsnf] gf) [;+) fhsNo] ;aeGbf 7"nf] snf] fhk}
]if gf) [;+)] fhf jf ;sfsf] vhfgffh:j . > fhsf]ifLo gf) ;sfL sf]if jf fh:j;DaGwL
fGt cflb) . fhvfgL gf) != af]sf, ydf, ag]n cflb hGtxsf efn] hfltsf] c08sf]if . @=
To:tf efn] hfltnfO{ sf6L ksfpg jf kf]Ng lgsflnPsf] c08sf]if . #= c08sf]if . fhu2
L gf) [;+) fh u2L] != fhfsf] u2L /fhl;+xf;g . @= fHoflwsf . fhu7L gf) [;+) fhuf]i
leGg b]jb]jL, wd{zfnf, kn cflbdf k"hfcr{gf, ;Xof;Def, ;Iff cflbsf lglDt ;sfn] cfgf
km{af6 s]xL rncrn ;DklQ Ps}di6 hDdf kfL :yfkgf ulPsf] u7L . @= fhfxn] wd{sfo{sf
1068

lgldQ fv]sf] u7L . fhu? gf) [;+)] != fhfnfO{ dGqbfg ug]{ u? fhfsf ufoqLu? . @= f
f] wfld{s sfo{ ufpg cf}krfls kdf lgoQm ePsf u? . #= fHosf] wd{;DaGwL ljifodf ;jf]R
{ r dfGotfk|fKt JolQm . fhuXo gf) [;+)] cToGt x:ok"0f{ 1fg uf]Kotd dGq . fhu[x gf)
;+)] fhfdxffhxsf] baf fhk|f;fb fhdxn . fh3fgf gf) [;+) fh 3fgf] != fhfdxffh
g fhfsf] j+z . @= fhkljf . > fh3flgof lj) fhfsf] j+zkDkfsf] fhkljfsf] fhs
f c\udf xg] lrXg fhTjsf 5ftf, rd, emG8f, b08f, v8\u, >Lk]r cflb lrXg . fhHof]ltifL g
[;+)] fhkljfdf Hof]ltif;DaGwL ;a} sfd ug]{ JolQm fhbafsf] lglZrt Hof]ltifL . fhtGq
+)] fhf ;j]{;jf{ eO{ b]zsf] zf;gJoj:yf ;~rflnt xg] k4lt fi6sf] ;jf]{Rr k|zf;s fhf g}
xg] zf;gtGq . jfb gf) fhtGq g} b]zsf] lglDt nfebfos xG5 eGg] l;4fGt . jfbL lj) f
tGqjfbsf] cgofoL . fhtGqfTds lj) [;+) ] fhtGqsf l;4fGtn] lgb] { z u]cg;fsf] fhtGq;
wL . fhtflGqs lj) [;+)] fhtGqfTds . fhltns gf) [;+)] != klxnf]kN6 fHol;+xf;gdf a:tf
nfO{ ljlwk"j{s k|bfg ulg] ltns, 6Lsf, k|;fb cflb . @= fHoff]x0f . #= fHoff]x0f;dff]x
ht]h gf) [;+)] != ;Qfsf] k|efj jf t]h . @= /fhfsf] k|efj jf t]h . fhTj gf) [;+)] !=
fhfsLo ljz]iftf jf nIf0f fhfsf] u0f jf efj . fhb08 gf) [;+)] != fhfsf ;fydf xg] f
Xg:jk b08 . @= fhfsf cfb]zcg;f jf fHoljwfgcg;f lbOg] ;hfo ;sfn] lbg] b08 . #= dxf
fO{ lbOg] b08 . $= 7"nf] ;hfo . fhbGt gf) [;+)] ;fdGg]sf tn bO{ dfly bO{ uL hDdf
rf bfFt . fhbof gf) [;+)] != d[Tob08sf] ;hfo kfpg] uL km};nf ePsf cleoQmnfO{ fhf,
i6klt jf ;jf]{Rr zf;sn] lbg] Ifdf ;hfosf] cf+lzs jf k"0f{ dfkmL . @= fhfff lbOg] ceob
fg . fhbaf gf) [;+ ) fh kmf) baf ] != fhf dxffhfxsf] lgjf;u[x fhk|f;fb fhu[
Ps ldqfi6sf] k|ltlglw eP csf]{ ldqfi6df

1069

/fhb|fx ] fhk"t fhkIfL/fhk\vL gf) [;+)] rd]f];Fu ldNbf]hNbf] ftdf 8Ng] Ps kIfL .
) [;+) fh ks O{] != fhfaf6 k|fKt ePsf] ;Ddfg fhfaf6 lbOPsf] dfgkbjL . @= fhfn] lbPsf]
; . fhkl08t gf) [;+)] fhbafsf kl08t fhfnfO{ syf, kf0f cflb >j0f ufpg] kl08t baf
fhkTgL gf) [;+)] fhfsL wd{kTgL fhdlxifL fgL . fhkq gf) [;+)] ;sfL ;"rgf, cWofb]
f]lwt sfggsf ab F fx, ;?jfa9jf cflbsf ;Dk"0f{ sf cf}krfls tyf cflwsfls kdf 5flkg]
q uh]6 . ~ cg\lst lj) != gfd, kb, ;?jf, a9jf, lgj[lQ cflbsf] pNn]v uh]6df gxg] :ts
f] (gg\Uofh]68 ] ) . gf) @= gfoa ;Aaf To;b]lv tnsf kbsf] sd{rfL . > fhkqf\lst lj) !
= lgolQm, ;?jf, a9jf, 5L cflbdf lgj[lQdf a:bf;d]t fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sflzt xg] kbs
f] (uh]68 ] ) uh]6df pNn]v xg] . @= ;sfL sd{rfLxdf zfvfk|dv  ;f]eGbf dflysf kbsf]
oa;AafeGbf dflysf kbsf] . fhky gf) [;+)] != 7"n7"nf ;jfLsf ;fwg rNg ;Sg], sfnf]kq
5fk]sf] ;8s kSsL ;8s . @= d"n ;8s fhdfu{ . > fhklys lj) != fhdfu{ eP ofqf ug]{ . gf)
fhdfu{sf] ofqL . fhkb gf) [;+)] != fhf cf;Lg xg] :yfg fhfsf] k|lti7f fhfsf] kb .
n] lbPsf] kb ;sfL hflu . fhk4lt gf) [;+)] fhsfh ;~rfng ug]{ k4lt b]zsf] fhgLlts k|
Llt fi6sf] ;+j}wflgs Joj:yf . fhkljf gf) [;+)] fhfsf hxfg jf kljf . fhklifb\ g
f;gsfndf /fhfs} cwLgdf u7g xg] ljz]if clwsf;DkGg ;ef . fhknf; gf) [;+)] sf]Ofnfsf h:
t} cfsfsf k'm;|f v;|f kft x'g], v}f nfDrf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] knfF; . fhkf6 gf) [
+) fHok] fHo;~rfngsf ;Dk"0f{ sfd sfafO{ fhsfh . fhkfn gf) [;+)] != fHosf] x]rfx
. @= fhf jf fi6klt cyjf fi6fWoIfsf] k|fGtLo k|ltlglw fHokfn . fhkq gf) [;+)] fhf
kq fhsdf f}t]nf] . > fhkqL gf) fhfdxffhfsL 5f]L fhsdfL f}tn ] L. fhk?
lgoQm ePsf] dfG5] fhsd{rfL . @= fhfsf] lelqof sd{rfL . fhkf]lxt gf) [;+)] fhf jf
lglZrt kf]lxt fhfsf] sd{sf08L kf]lxt . fhk"t gf) [;+) fhkq] != eftLo hfltsf] 7s
7sL .

cfjf;Lo jf cgfjf;Lo :tdf vl6Psf] JolQm . @= k|frLg sfndf Ps fhfsf] ;Gb]z csf]{ fhfs
xfF kofpg] b"t . fhb|fx ] gf) [;+)] != jrg, n]v, Jojxf cflbff fi6k|lt b]vfOPsf] 3
cjx]ngf, ]if cflb fi6k|ltsf] clxt xg] lgotsf] sfd . @= ;sf, b]z jf ;+ljwfgsf lj?4 u
sf] ] fTds lj) fhb|f]x;DaGwL fhb|f]xsf] . ljb|f]x . > fhb|fx fhb|fx ] L lj) != fhb|
g]{ afuL afluofg . gf) @= fhb|f]x ug]{ JolQm . fhf gf) [;+)] != fhbafsf] 9f]sf
] b}nf] . @= fhbaf . fhwd{ gf) [;+)] != fhf jf ;sfsf] st{Jo . @= b]zsf] zflGt;Joj:
|hfsf] ;v;d[l4 cflbnfO{ lnP fhf jf ;sfn] ug]{ sfo{ jf pkef]u ug]{ clwsf . fhwfgL gf
;+)] hg;s} b]zsf] fhf, fi6fWoIf jf ;sfsf] k|dv  sfof{no x]sf] 7fpF fi6sf] ;Dk"0
;g ;~rfng ug]{ ;b dsfd b]zsf] s]Gb|Lo ;b dsfd . fhgLlt gf) [;+)] != k|hfsf] zflGt;
ff sfod ug],{ df}lns clwsfsf] sb ug]{, fHosf] zf;gJoj:yfsf] k|0ffnL lgwf{0f ug]{, fli
6o cGtf{li6o gLltsf] pkoQm ;Gtng ug]{ o:t} cGo sfo{ ug]{ gLlt . @= fHosf] zf;g J
yf;DaGwL gLlt fHo;~rfngk|0ffnL . #= fHo k|zf;g;Fu ;DalGwt Ps ;fdflhs l;4fGt . fhgLl
j) [ ;+ ) ] fhgLlt;F u ;DaGw ePsf] fhgLlt;DaGwL fhgLltsf] /fhg}lts . ~ sfafO{ gf)
s cgzf;gsf] jf cfr0fsf] ;DaGwdf ulg] sfafO{ . ~ bn gf) fhgLlts p2]Zosf] klk"lt{sf lg
Dt tof ulPsf] kf6L{ jf ;\u7g fhgLlts ;\3 . ~ aGbL gf) fhgLlts d2fdf kqmfp k]sf] s
ckfwdf k]sf] s;"bf . ~ e"uf]n gf) fhgLlts If]q, ;Ldf, lhNnf cflbsf ;\s]tnfO{ k|:6f
"uf]n . fhgLlt1 lj) [;+)] fhgLltsf ;Dk"0f{ dd{xnfO{ hfGg] fhgLltzf:qsf] 1ftf fhgLlt
]sf] s6gLlt hfg]sf] . fhgLlt kLl8t lj) [;+)] != fhgLltdf nfUgfn] cfly{s cj:yf lu]sf]
f 6f6 pN6]sf] . gf) @= cfly{s b[li6n] sdhf] ePsf] fhgLlts JolQm . fhgLlt zf:q gf) [;
+)] fhgLltsf bz{g l;4fGtaf] ;Dk"0f{ sfxsf] JofVof, ljj]rgf, d"Nof\sg cflb ulg] ;fd
lj1fg fhgLltlj1fg . fhgLtLs0f gf) [;+)] cf}krfls kn] g} fhgLlts k lbg] sfd cGo 3
fnfO{ fhgLlts df d5\g] sfd . fhg}lts lj)x]) /fhgLlts . fhGo gf) [;+)] != fhf (;Dd
{df) . @= Iflqo .

/fhk|ltlglw/fhj[If fhk|ltlglw gf) [;+)] fi6kd | v  sf abnfdf sfd ug]{ JolQm . @= ;sf
] jfl;sf kdf lgoQm ePsf] k|ltlglw . fhk|f;fb gf) [;+)] fhejg fhbaf . ~ bL3{ ;]jf
n] fhk|f;fbdf cljlR5Gg kn] kRrL; jif{sf] ;]jf ug]{ sd{rfLnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] Ps
kbs . ~ ;]jf kbs gf) klxn] fhk|f;fbdf cljlR5Gg kn] kGw| jif{;Dd ;]jf ug],{ tTsfnLg
zfxL g]kfnL ;]gfsf JolQmnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] kbs . fhaGbL gf) [;+) fh aGbL] fhsfhc
wcGtu{t s}b k]sf] JolQm fhgLlts aGbL . fha]nL gf) [;+) fh jNnLsf] ef]nf{sf cfsfsf rf
sf kft xg], kftaf6 gfd|f] uGw cfpg], KofhL ldl>t k"mnaf6 ;uGw cfpg], ;]tf 6Lsf k]
sf l5s]{ 8fF7 xg] Ps k|sfsf] nxf] To;} af]6sf] k"mn jf kft . fheQm != /fHosf] eQm b]
eQm . @= /fhfsf] elQm ug]{ fhfsf] ;]js . fhejg gf) [;+)] != fhf a:g] baf fhbaf
] ;jf]{Rr zf;s a:g] 3 fi6fWoIfejg . fhef gf) [;+)] != /fHosf] cleef/f hflu jf kbjL
fL hflu fhkf6 . > fheff gf) fhef hflu . fhefiff gf) [;+)] fi6sf] k|zf;lgs s
lgldQ k|of]u ulg] efiff fHoefiff . fhef]u gf) [;+)] != eft vfg pQd dflgg], af:gfbf rf
n xg] Ps hftsf] wfg . @= xnjfO{n] tof ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] ld7fO{ . fhef]h gf) [;+)] !=
fhsLo :tdf k|aGw ulPsf] ef]h . @= ljlzi6 cltlysf] ;Ddfgdf cfof]hgf ul/g] ;/sf/L ef
]h . fhd08"s gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] hftsf] kfgLEofutf] kfxf Aof . @= fhbafsf] dfq cf>o
flxL blgofFl;t s]xL ;f]sf gfVg] JolQm fhfsf] lglDt Hofb} 7"nf] ef aGg ku]sf] gfdb{
lQm . fhdxn gf) [;+) fh c) dxn] fhfdxffhfxsf] ejg fhbaf . fhdlxifL gf) [;+)] ;
wd{kTgL k6fgL fhkTgL dxf/fgL . fhdftf gf) [;+)] != fhfsL cfdf . @= g]kfn clwfHosf
xffhflwfh ;sfsf ddf . fhdfu{ gf) [;+)] != kmflsnf] nfdf] kSsL ;8s d"n;8s fhky
9f;Dd hfg] kSsL ;8s . fhds6  gf) [;+)] u2Lgl;g fhfn] lzdf nufpg] lzk]r >Lk]r .
1070

fhdbf | gf) [;+)] x]) nfndf]x . @= ;sfL 5fk . fhof]u gf) [;+)] !=kmlnt Hof]ltifcg
osf] ;v clwsf k|fKt ug{ kfpg] u|xultsf] Ps of]u . @= kt~hlnsf] of]uzf:qdf j0f{g
ulPsf] Ps of]ubz{g . fhIfs lj) [;+)] fhfsf jlkl x] c\usf] Iff ug]{ JolQm c7kxl
L= . fhfh gf) [;+)] != fhfxsf] fhf ;d|f6\ afbzfx . @= sa] . #= rGb|df . fhfh]Zj
afbzfx ;d|f6\ fhfh . @= fhGo . > fhfh]ZjL gf) != 0faxfb zfxsL dxffgL fh]Zj
f ulPsL Ps b]jL . @= fhfh]ZjsL kTgL . fhf]u gf) [;+)] != x]) Ifof]u . > fhf]uL
|:t . fhlif{ gf) [;+)] != fhfsf j+zdf pTkGg ePsf dxlif{ Iflqo sndf pTkGg ePsf Clif @=
fhf klg Clif klg ePsf] JolQm (pbf) hgs) . #= fhkf6 5f]8] Clif ag]sf] JolQm (pbf) ljZ
jfldq) . fhnIf0f gf) [;+)] ;fdlb|s zf:qsf cg;f fhf xg] jf fhf;dfgsf] xg] nIf0f jf
lrXg fhlrXg . (pbf) d}ofF;Fu e]6\g] tL ojs fhnIf0fn] oQm ePsf b]lvGy] .) fhnIdL gf
[;+)] != fhf jf fi6sf] j}ej tyf zlQm jf uf}j fh>L . @= fi6sL clwi7fqL b]jL . fhnj
jf/ ;dbfosf] Ps pkflw jf y/ . fhlnlk gf) [;+)] sg} b]zsf] ;sfL sfo{, cbfnt cflbdf n]
vfk9Lsf] dfWod eP rn]sf] lnlk . fhj+z gf) [;+)] fhfsf] klxn]b]lv rlncfPsf] j+z jf vf
gbfg fhfsf ;Gtfg fhsn fh3fgf . > fhj+zL lj) != fhj+zdf pTkGg ePsf] . @= fhj+z;
. gf) #= g]kfnLsf] Ps y g]kfnsf] emfkf df]df a:g] Ps hflt . fhj:q gf) [;+)] fhfxn
f cj;df aflxkl klxg] Ps k|sfsf] vsnf] j:q . fhljBf gf) [;+)] fHosf] ;+If0f, ;b[
f;g Joj:yf;DaGwL szntf k|fKt ug]{ ljBf fhgLlt . ] . fhljb|fx ] gf) [;+)] fhf jf fH
ulg] ljKnj fhb|fx > fhljb|fx ] L lj) fhljb|f]x ug]{ fhb|f]xL . fhljfh gf) [;+)
nsf] ;b dsfd k"jL{ tfO{sf] Ps dVo jfl0fHos]Gb| . fhj[If gf) [;+)] lrNnf nfdf kft x
g], l5gl5g]sf h:tf kx]Fnf emKkfbf k"mn kmNg], cg]s cf}ifwLsf lglDt pkoQm Ps j
[If jf To;}sf ulnof, af6nf, sfnf rSsL xg] nf}Lbf kmn cdntf; aGbnf}L .

1071

/fhj}B/fHo fhL gf) [c)] != sg} sfdf hgfOg] ;xdlt dGhL . lj) @= dfg]sf] dGh ;xd
f) != dgf]dfg;Fu ulPsf] dGhL k|;Ggtf v;LfhL . gfdf gf) != cfgf] xsdf x]sf] 3
aqmL u] v;L;fy 5f]8g \ ] sfd jf ;f] 5f]8b \ f P]glgodcg;f n]lvlbg] sfut . @= sg} k
lg sd{rfL jf ;\3;+:yfsf ;b:oxn] czSttf jf kll:ylt b]vfO{ cfk"m x]sf] kb, clwsf cflb 5
]8\g] sfd To;L 5f]8\bf ;DalGwt cfdf k|:tt ug]{ Tofukq Ol:tkmf . afhL gf) k:kdf k|
k"js { ePsf] dGhL fhLv;L . > fh lj) fhL . fh]Gb| gf) [;+)] fhfxsf klg fhf
md zfx gf) lj) ;+) !*&) df hGdL !*&# df fhu2Ldf a:g] lj);+) !(#* df lbj\ut ePsf g]k
fnsf zfxj+zLo kfFrf}F fhf . fh} gf) [fhf P]] nf]sJojxfdf fhf jf lk|o JolQmnfO{ ;Daf]w
lg] zAb . (pbf) slxn] e]6 xf]nf x} fh}, of] lhGbufgLdf . dfwj l3ld] .) fhf]ks0f gf)
)] fhfsf emG8f, 5q, rd, b08 cflb lrXg fhlrXg . f1L gf) [;+)] != a8fdxffgL kdlxifL
;+xf;gdf a;]sL :qL . fHo gf) [;+)] != sg} fhf jf zf;g;Qfsf cwLgdf x]sf] b]z dns f
= sg} 7"nf] fi6cGtu{t :jfoQzf;gsf] clwsf kfPsf] efu jf k|b]z . #= fhfsf] sfd hfOF z
Rot lj) fhl;+xf;gaf6 lemlsPsf] jf x6fOPsf] . Rolt lj) fHoRot ug]{ sfo{, efj jf
j:yf . tGq gf) zf;gk4lt jf k|0ffnL . ~ klifb\ gf) != fi6sf k|wfg zf;ssf] cgkl:yltdf
jf ljz]if kll:ylt cfOkbf{ sfd rnfpgsf lglDt ul7t xg] ljlzi6 JolQmxsf] ;ef . @= lj
leGg fHon] kf:kls lxtsf lglDt u7g u]sf] ;\u7g . kfn gf) sg} fi6cGtu{tsf fHodf /
k|ltlglw eO{ zf;g;"q ;FefNg] JolQm ueg{ . dGqL gf) dGqLeGbf tNnf] ;xfos dGqLeGbf df
lyNnf] txdf xg] dGqL . nIdL gf) != fhnIdL . @= g]kfnsf] Oltxf;df k|l;4, fh]Gb|jLljqm
zfxsL sfG5L fgL b]zdf /f0ff zf;g ;? ePsf] avt (lj) ;+) !()#)sL dxf/fgL . ~ ljKnj
gf) fHodf xg] 7"nf] ljb|fx ] jf qmflGt . ~ Joj:yf gf) sg} fHosf] lgod, gLlt jf ;f]x
Lcg;f k|zf;sLo Joj:yf ldnfpg] ;sfL c\u . ~ ;+Ifs gf) x]) fh;+Ifs . ~ ;ef gf) fHo
rt k|ltlglw xg] Ps ;ef nf]s;efeGbf leGg ;ef . ;fIfL gf) cfk"mn] Ifdf dfuL ;sfL ;fIfL
eP cfgf ;fyLxsf] ckfw k|dfl0ft ufpg k|xLnfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ JolQm .

fhj}B gf) [;+)] != pRr:t/sf] j}B . @= fhbafdf cf}ifwLpkrf ug]{ k|dv j}B . fh>L gf)
] fhf jf fHosf] zf]ef tyf j}ej .  df fhfsf] gfafns fh;+Ifs gf) [;+)] /fhtGqfTds dns
cj:yf jf nfdf] ;do;Ddsf] c:j:ytfdf fHosf] ]vb]v, Joj:yf, ;~rfng cflbsf] ef lng] Jol
Qm . fh; gf) [;+)] != dgsf] sg} lsl;dsf] cfj]u jf qmf]w hf]u0f . @= fhfsf] kb jf l;+
f;g . #= fHosf] zf;g ug]{ clwsf . lj) $= hf]u0faf6 pTkGg hf]u0fL .  m :jfldTj fh;
f) [;+)] != fHosf] zlQm jf ;fdYo{oQ k|e;Qf fHoflwsf . @= fhtGq . > fh;QfTds lj) f
zf;gk|0ffnL, l;4fGt cflbdf fhfsf] ;Qf k|wfg kdf x]sf] . fh;bg gf) [;+)] fhbaf fh
g . fh;ef gf) [;+)] fhfxsf] jf fhfsf] pkl:ylt ePsf] efOef/bf/x;lxtsf u0odfGo JolQmxs
;ef efbfL;ef . fhl;+xf;g gf) [;+)] /fhtGqfTds dnsdf sg} ljz]if cj;df fhf a:g] cf;
. fh;L lj) [;+)] != fhfxnfO{ ;xfpg] jf fhfxsf] h:tf] fhf]lrt . @= hf]u0f;DaGwL
] . fh;]js gf) [;+)] != fHosf] ;]jf ug]{ JolQm fhsd{rfL . @= /fhfsf] ;]js . fh;]jf
;+)] ;sfL ljleGg kbdf axfn x] ulg] /fHosf] ;]jf jf gf]sL . @= /fhfsf] ;]jf . fh:j g
+)] dfnkf]t, eG;fdx;n, ljleGg s jf zNs cflbsf kdf fHonfO{ Kf|fKt xg] wg . Gofofno
lj) fh:j;DaGwL l;nl;nfdf p7]sf d2fdfldnfsf] sfafO{ ug]{ cbfnt . fhx+; gf) [;+)] vf
rRrf] ftf] xg] 7"nf]vfn] Ps hftsf] xfF; hxfF; . :qL) fhx+;L . fh xg  c) lqm) cf;g
u|x0f ug{ a:g (ljlzi6 cfbfyL{ k|of]udf) . (pbf) hjfOF ;fx]a, otf fh xf];\ .) fhf g
) [;+)] != fhtGqfTds dns  df j+zkDkfcg;f pQflwsf k|fKt xg] tyf ToxfFsf] zf;g ;~rf
g ug]{ k|dv zf;s . @= afnsk|lt :g]x hgfpg] zAb . lj) #= k|dv ljz]if . > fhf\s gf)
fhlrXg ;sfL 5fk . fhf1f gf) fhfaf6 ePsf] cf1f jf xsd . fhflwb]j gf) fhf jf k|d
lghL vr{sf lglDt ;sfL sf]ifaf6 lbOg] sd . fhfd| gf) fhcfFk . fhfl>t lj) fhfsf] cf
Fr]sf] fhfaf6 cfl>t . flhsf gf) [;+)] 7"nf kft xg], tsfL vfgdf k|l;4 ;fuljz]if fof
f] ;fu .

fl8g/ftf] kfG8f l;+xf;g gf) x]) fhl;+xf;g . > fHof\u gf) != fHosf c\uxsf] ;d"x
L, bu{, an, sf]if ldq . @= fHo jf fi6df xgkg]{ e"ld, hgtf, ;sf, k|e;Qf cflb cfjZ
s tj . fHofleif]s gf) gofF fhf klxnf] kN6 ljlwk"js { fhu2Ldf a:bf ljleGg tLy{af6 NofO
Psf] tyf cf}ifwLldl>t hnn] dGqk"js { ulg] cleif]s Pj+ tT;DaGwL pT;j . fHoff]x0f gf)
sg} fhf klxnf] kN6 ljlwk"j{s fhu2Ldf a:g] sfd . fHof]ks0f gf) fhlrXg fhf]ks0f .
[f8f] O g] k:kdf leqleq} ]if jf ljf]w xg f8f] dlRrg ddlg . f8L gf) [ef]
kdf k|foM g]kfnL pmgaf6 algg], sfDnf]h:tf] v;|f,] la5fOg] j:q . ~ 8;gf gf) != f8L
8;gf . @= ultnf] cf]5fg . ~ kbjf lj) != sfd kf gnufO{ f8Ldf dfq a;] ulkmg] ;fx|} cN5
. @= 85]?jf kfgLcfGb|] . ~ kfvL gf) != f8L kfvL . @= ;fdfGo cf]9\g]cf]5fpg] . f8f]
] gf) [ 8fsf]] cfkm;cfkm;df ePsf] ]if jf ljf]w k:ksf] rsf]{ emu8f 8fsf] xNnf .
] lemSg] jf fl8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . fl9g c)lqm) [/f9f] O g] x]) /fl8g . f0ff gf)
1] != g]kfndf lj) ;+) !()# df zf;g;Qf cfgf] xftdf lng] h\uaxfbb]lv rn]sf] sFj ysf f
k|wfgdGqL (tLg ;sf)sf j+zhxsf] pkflw . @= eftsf] fh:yfgk|bz ] df xg] Iflqo fhfxsf]
w . tGq gf) f0ffxn] rnfPsf] hxflgofF zf;gk4lt . ft gf) [;+) flq] 3fd c:tfPb]lv 3fd
mNsGh]nsf] ;do lbgsf] ljkLtfy{s zAb hgL flq . lbg gf) != ft lbg lbgft . lqm)
g nuftf ftf]lbg ;j{bf . ftdf6] lj) [ftf] df6f] P] ftf] df6f] ePsf] jf xg] (7fpF)
j) [ft ft] != pHofnf] xFbf gxFb} fteldf . @= ftft uL ftftdf ftLftL . flt
tdf flqdf . gf) @= flq ft . ftLu]8L gf) [ftL u]8f] O{] != rgfsf h:tf kft xg,] xNsf
sf k"mn kmNg], s]fpsf h:tf sf];f nfUg], hf h]7Ldw slxg] Ps k|sfsf] ntf jf To;df kmN
g], ;g cflb tf}lnFbf nfn jf QLsf] kldf0f agfOg], sfnf] 6Lsf ePsf] ftf] u]8f] nfnu]8
L cfFvLu]8L . @= yf]} wg (pbf) xs]{ a"9L cfd}sf] Pp6f 5f]f] ePsfn] ToxL pgsf lglDt ft
Lu]8L ePsf] lyof] .) ft lj) [ftf] p] ftf] sf] ftL (ufO{) . (pbf) s}nf]
~
1072

ufO{ t 3 cfof], ft ufO{sf] 7]ufg} 5}g .) ft]! lj) [ft P] ftel x]sf] ft;DaGwL f
] bxL, bO{ft] dxL .) ft]@ gf) [ftf] P] != cldNRofxf kft xg], u]8fjlkl ftf cldnf s]
g] tL s];|fsf] emf]n klg ft} xg], utdf;Lsf] cf}ifwLdf sfd nfUg] a6Lljz]if a]nLrG
bf . @= af]6la?jfsf] 8fF7 ftf] xg] Ps k|sfsf] f]u t\u] fFsf] . @= tjf (d[u) . lj
] ePsf] ftf] sf] . ~ 3f; gf) vkfvfdf pd|g] 6'Kkfdf 5ftfh:tf] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF;
[u gf) :tgwfL ;d"xdf kg]{, ftf]ftf] vfnsf], efn]df s:t"L d[usf] h:t} bfx|f lg:sg] ;f
f] l;
x'g], e'St} lxF8\g] Ps hftsf] d[u . ftf] lj) [;+) Qm] != l;Gb", ut cflbsf] h:tf

\u ePsf] St nfn . :qL) ftL . gf) @= uth:tf]
nfn . ~ crfg' gf) != sg} sfd kmQ]
cflb hfltn] cfgf] ;efdf sv'f] sf6] eP klg utn] crfg' ftf] kfg]{ sfd . @= To:tf] ;ef 6
\ uPkl5sf] ef]h . ~ pv' gf) uf9f ftf]
sf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] pv' . ~ sldnf] gf) 6f]S
g] lk;fa ug]{ sfd Ps} rf]l6 ug]{ dl;g' vfnsf] sldnf] . ~ u]j f gf) ftf] 8fF7 x'g] u
]jFf pv'sf] Ps hft . ~ rfkf6] gf) ;fwf0f xlof 8Nnf t tLvf 6'Kkf ePsf] kft x'g] gLnf]
'nfkmL jf a}hgL
sf] k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] cUnf] a'6Ljz]if . r'Rr] sfu gf) hLp sfnf]
eO{ r'Rrf] v'f ftf] x'g], ufpFx'FbL cfP rff vf]hL vfg], hdftdf PSn} klg lxF8\g] sf
h:t} rf] . ~ Rofp gf) hldgdf pd|g] 5ftfsf] cfsf l;Gb"h:tf]
ePsf] vfg x'g] Ps Rofp
hf8 gf) g]jfhfltsf ljleGg k"hfcfhfdf rflxg], xsjf rfdnsf] vfhfff tof kflPsf], w]
Vg ;lsg] kfgf] xFb} hfg], ftf] ePsf] ljz]if hfF8 (XfpFyf]) . (o:tf] hfF8 agfpg]
kf] x]sf] 3df r6\f kb}{g eGg] hgljZjf; 5 of] hfF8 h:jnf, kf7]3 cflbsf] :qLf]udf cf
sf kdf klg k|of]u ulG5 .) ~ 6f6f] gf) ;"o{ 3fd (pbo c:tdf) . ~ 8f7] 3f; gf) ;fwf0
fF7 ePsf jf gePsf dfnfsf kft x'g,] 6'Kkfdf ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], lxdfndf x'g] Ps hfts
f] a'6L . ftf]lbg lqm) lj) [ftlbg] hlQv] klg ft lbgel /ftlbg xavt cxf]fq .
nf vdf h]lnP xg], 8fF7 kftdf ;;fgf sfF8f x'g], k|foM ;'Svf 7fpFdf kfOg] kfgLa]tdWo]
sd;n vfnsf] a]t sv'] a]t . ftf] kfG8f gf) lxdfnL e]ult kfOg], 3lafnf]hq} sfnf] k]6
e'jfbfL hLp ePsf] df+;fxfL ;d"xdf kg]{ t

1073

/ftf] lk/f]/fd k|sfsf] aflaof] . ~ af; gf) afF;sf] Ps hft . ~ enfof] gf) cfFksf h:tf
;+o'Qm dfnfsf kft x'g], bfFtL gk]sf lsgff x'g], kx]Fnfxlof efjsf y'k|} k"mn k'mNg],
cfo'j]{bsf cg';f cfpFkvfnf rd{f]udf sfd nfUg], cfFksf] ;d"xdf kg]{ Ps hftsf] sfF8fb
f v jf To;}sf] kmn . ~ Eofs gf) nxfsf hfdf kmNg], sgfsgf k]sf kft xg] Ps hftsf]
df; gf) s];|fbf kmn df; . ~ df]y ] gf) df]y] emfsf] Ps hft . fg gf) [fgL p] != df
gL jf dfp fgf] . lj) @= cujf dVo . fgf] gf) [ fgL]] != kmnsf] leqL ;fefu rf] .
lj) #= leq ubL ePsf] (cf]v cflb kmn) . fk gf) [;+) lj] 3fd, cfuf] cflbsf] tftf]kg cf
Fr tfk . tfk gf) 3fdkfgL jf cl;gfkl;gf ;xg] sfd lrGtf;tf{ kLtfk . fktL gf) != g]k
dWoklZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qdf kg]{ ?sd, f]Nkf, ;Nofg, Ko"7fg bf kfFr lhNnf ePsf] Ps c~r
n . @= ;f]xL c~rndf aUg] Ps k|l;4 gbL . flkg c) lqm) [fk Og] != fk nfUg flknf] x
r a9\g . @= tftf] xg udf{pg tfTg ;]lsg . #= sg} sfdsf dg gk] l;fpg ddl
[fk Onf]] fk jf cfFr ePsf] udf{Psf] ddlPsf] . fkm;fkm gf) [c) ; (x6fPsf]) c) ;
xg] jf 6\lug] sfd . @= lx;fa cflbsf] km5f}{6 jf rStfrStL . #= ;U3;kmfO . $= ;
d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lgfs0f . lj) %= ;kmf ;U3 . ^= emGh6 gx]sf] emd]nf x6fOPsf] . &= ;d:o
dfwfg ePsf] . fa8L gf) [k|f) Aaf cjn]x] != b"wsf] t lrgLaf6 agfOg] Ps k|sfsf] vfg]s
= vfjf 3f]6]sf] b"w b"wsf] vfjf . fd\g c) lqm) [;+) Da] ufO{, e}F;L cflb v;L eP pk|
Fb} sfpg . fd gf) [;+)] != cof]Wofsf fhf bzy pgsL k6fgL sf}zNofsf h]7f 5f]f fdr
O{Zj eujfg\ . #= k|l;4 tLg fdsf gfd (dof{bfk?iff]Qd fd, kzfd anfd) . $= dfgfkfy
] cgfh ebf{ uGtLsf] zefDesf kdf Ps hgfpg] zAb . %= hfqf dfOnf] . s8]f gf) ds}sf h:
nfdfnfdf kft To;s} h:tf af]6 xg] a6Lljz]if . snL gf) != ZofdsnLsf hftsf] ftf] e]
6g \  xg] a6f]ljz]if jf To;sf] ;]tf] k"mn . @= ;\uLtdf lx08f]n fusf] Ps flugL .
s; gf) nfDrf sgfsgf k]sf kft xg,] gLnf k"mn kmNg] duLsf h:tf nfdf sf];f

zfsfxfL Ps hGt . ftf] lkf] lj) [ftf] lkf]]] x[i6ki6 ufnfdf ut r9]sf] eefpFbf]
L) ftLlkL . ftf] an gf) 7"nf kft xg] ftf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] an . ftf] dT:o]Gb
y gf) [;+) St dT:o]Gb|gfy] nlntkdf adtLb]lv y tfg] hfpnfv]n;Dd NofO{ k|ltjif{ k|l;4
ltxfl;s ef]6f] b]vfpg] hfqf ulg] Ps b]jtf . ftf] dG;f gf) af]qmf ftf] xg] demf}nf vf
nsf] Ps hftsf] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn . ftf] df6f] gf) 3 lnkkf]t ulg] ftf] usf] Ps k|sf
df6f] . ftf] df;L{ gf) df;L{ hftsf] ftf] xg] wfg jf To;}sf] rfdn StzfnL hf8]df;L{
] dv gf) l;fpFbf jf nfh dfGbf xg] dvsf] /ftf] j0f{ . ftf] dlgof gf) ftf]
\u ePs
gf] d'lgofF rf] . ftf] l;dL gf) ftf]ftf] u]8f x'g] l;dLsf] Ps hft . fQ} lgkf) pb]s,
ro{ cflb hgfpFbf k|o'St x'g] zAb . (pbf) ltdLn] eGb}df sxfF dfG5' fQ} .) flq gf) [;+
)] ft hgL lgzf . r lj) != ftL lxF8\g] . @= lgzfr fIf; . ~ kf7zfnf gf) k|foM k|
Og], flt sIff rNg] ljBfno . ~ ef]h gf) ljlzi6 jf cfdlGqt cltlyxnfO{ ftL lbOg] cf}krf
ls ef]h ftsf] ef]hg . foGw lj) [;+)] ftL cfFvf gb]Vg] f]u nfu]sf] tf}w + L f]u n
gf) [;+)] != dxfeftsfnLg j[ifefg'sL 5f]L s[i0fsL lk|otdf flwsf . @= dxfeftsf k|l;4 o
]4f s0f{nfO{ kfNg] Ps :qL . #= j}zfv k"l0f{df . $= ljzfvf gIfq . %= ;d[l4 . flwsf
gf) [;+)] s[i0fsL k|]ldsf fwf . fgL gf) [;+) f1L] != fhfsL kTgL fhdlxifL dxffgL .
+ fHo;~rfng ug]{ :qL . #= :qLxnfO{ ;Ddfg hgfpg] zAb . ~ cr{n ] gf) s6ldfsf] h:tf] af]
6 kft x'g], sfnf] kmn nfUg] j}zfvh]7lt kfSg] Ps hftsf] cr{n] . ~ s]nf gf) ;fwf0feGb
s]xL 7"nf] nfDrf] vfnsf] s]nf . ~ v]t gf) sv'fxnfO{ nfUg] Ps ;
\qmfds f]u . ~ rL g
|foM s]fsf 3fL, emf
cflbdf xg] fd|f]
\uLr
\uL x'g] ;fgf] Ps hftsf] rf] . @= kf;fs
;dsf] v]nljz]if . ~ 9sfof] gf) ufefdf ftf] k"mn x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] 9sfof] . ~ t?n gf)
t?nsf] Ps hft . ~ ag gf) rf}lt lkmFlhPsf] 7"nf] jg gag . aflaof] gf) kxfx'Fbf] pd
nlt kms]{ xg] Ps

/fdf/fd|f] x'g] Ps hftsf] nxf] jf To;}sf] ;vv08h:tf] ufg' . sxfgL gf) fdsf] h:tf] b'
vb sxfgL ePsf], sg} klg JolQmsf hLjgdf 36]sf 36gfsf] j[QfGt uyf;f] b'v; ] f] . s[i0
f s'j gf) g]kfnsf] f0ffkljfsf k"jh { , k[YjLgffo0f zfxsf Ps k|l;4 ;]gfklt . rGb|
ji0f'sf b; cjtfdWo] Ps fd . 5fof gf) yf]} ;dosf] cfgGb Ifl0fs ;'v dfofhfn . e'm
gf] 5fk|f] ;fgf] eP klg /fds[kfn] kfPsf], cf/fdbfoL 7flgPsf] cfg} 3/ . ltns gf) !=
;k]tf, sd]f] cflbdf ld;fP 3df
nfpg] cflb sfd lnOg] Ps lsl;dsf] kx]Fnf] df6f] . @= j}
i0fjxn] 6Lsf nfpg k|of]u ug]{ rGbg fdh . tf]lof 7"n7"nf kfFrrf];] kft x'g], ;]tf
k"mn k'mNg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] tsfL vfOg] v;|f] sf];f (kmn) le08L . bn gf)
= fdrGb|nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ jfgL ;}Go . @= g]kfnsf k|xLsf] k'fgf] Ps ljefu . bfgf gf) n
. gjfg gf) g[tjsf cg';f cZdLe"t cl:y cjz]ifsf kdf kfOPsf] gjfg z'isgjfgsf] ;d;
dL gf) fdsf] hGd ePsf] lbg r}q z'Sn gjdL . gfdL gf) fdgfd 5flkPsf] Ps k|sfsf] k5f}
L gf) sfkmnsf h:tf ;fwf0f kft x'g,] 5 ldlnld6 nfdf k"mn k'mNg], laofF cf}ifwLdf sfd
nfUg] Ps hftsf] ;fgf] v . k'L gf) k|foM kx]Fnf]
\usf] pmgL k5f}Lljz]if . km6fsf
0fjxn] lgwfdf nfpg] 7f8f] tLgws]{ 6Lsf jf ltns >Lltns . kmn gf) s]fsf kfth:tf efnfsf
Lvf 6'Kkf x'g] bfFtLbf lsgff ePsf], af:gf cfpg] 7"nf] ;]tf] k"mn k'mNg], 7"nf kmn
nfUg], d[uf}nfh:tf aLp x'g] Ps hftsf] vljz]if . jf0f gf) != chL0f{ f]u ePsfnfO{ v'j
fOg] ;flb cf}ifwLljz]if . lj) @= fdn] xfg]sf] jf0fh:t} v] ghfg] jf t'?Gt k"f x'g] cr"
s cdf]3 . ef];f gf) fdsf] dfq ef];f jf cfwf . ef]; ] lj) c s;}sf] cfwf geO{
ePsf] . le8f gf) uf]ne]F8f . ~ dlGb gf) != g]kfnsf] k|l;4 tLy{:yn hgsk'df x]sf] fd
|l;4 dlGb . @= fdsf] d"lt{ k|lti7flkt ePsf] dlGb . df6L gf) sf7af6 aGg] ;fdfg bfh, d
r cflb lrNNofpg blng] Ps lsl;dsf] df6f] . p; gf) cfgGb dfOnf] fdldtf . u]8f g
d rsf]{ ldlxg]t . h gf) 6Lsf nufpg x'g] Ps k|sfsf] kx]n + f] df6f] fdltns . ldtf
GbbfoL pT;jsf] ldtf dfOnf] demd . ; gf) != dgnfO{ ;'v lbg] j:t'sf] pkef]u ;'vr}g
g jf nj0fsf lglDt k|foM hf]uLxn] k|of]u ug]{ zAb . fHo gf) != b]zsf ;a} hgtfnfO{ ;'
vzflGt klk"0f{ x'g] fdsf] h:tf] zf;gJoj:yf
1074

ePsf] cfbz{ fHo . @= dgdf]h 9nLdnL . fd gf) != e]63f6 jf labfjfLsf If0fdf elgg] Ps l
l;dsf] 9f]ue]6 hgfpg] zAb . @= sg} sfsf] gfz x'Fbf s;}sf] b'Mvsi6 b]Vtf jf ;Gbf ;xf
ge"ltk"j{s lg:sg] zAb s7}af . #= dnfdLxn] zjnfO{ ;fudf jf 3f6df n}hfFbf bf]xofP eGg]
zAb . l6\7f] gf) 7"n7"nf kft kx]n F f k"mn xg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] emKkfsf kmn
. nLnf gf) fdsf syfsf] clego . ~ zfx gf) lj) ;+) !^^^ b]lv !^(# ;Dd uf]vfdf fHo ug]{
zfxj+zLo k|l;4 ;dfh;wfs fhf . fdf gf) [;+)] != kjtL jf ;GbL :qL . @= nIdL ;Ltf f
efof{ kTgL . fdfO gf) [fd\ cfO] ufO{a:tn] fDg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . fdfo0f gf) [;+)]
sf] rlq tyf sLlt{ j0f{g ePsf] ;+:s[tdf jfNdLls dlg, lxGbLdf ;Gt tn;Lbf; g]kfnLd
f slj efgeQmff lrt k|l;4 sfJou|Gy . @= sg} d[t JolQmsf] zf]sk|s6 ub}{ ufO{hfqfdf ;]
tf] jf kx]Fnf] j:q wf0f u] ;x 3dL3dL ufOg] uLt jf To:tf] uLt ufpg] d08nL . fdfgh g
) [;+)] != fdsf efO (vf; uL nId0f) . @= j}i0fjkGy rnfpg] blIf0f eftsf Ps k|l;4 j}i0
fjfrfo{ . fdf?dL lj) !=st} klg s]xL gb]lvg] lg:k uf9f (cFWoff]) . (pbf) a];Ld} fdf?
;s]sfn] lxhf] ufpF cfpg ;lsPg .) @= ;g;fg rsdGg . (pbf) hf8fdf gf} ah]lt gofF ;8s
klg fdf?dL eO;S5 .) fldg c) lqm) [fd\ O g] fDg] sfd xf]Og . fd]5fk gf) g]kfn clw
df~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ hgsk c~rnsf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . fd]Zj gf) [;+)] eftsf] blIf0fL
;db|sf] lsgffdf cjl:yt :jod\ fdrGb|n] :yfkgf u]sf] dflgg], lxGb"xsf k|l;4 rf wfddWo
] Ps . fdf] gf) [k|f) Dk] laF8df d\u|fn] 7f]s] sf7 sf6\g] jf vf]Kg], xnfsf kmfnLh:tf
] t tLvf] wf ePsf] kmnfd] xltof /fFaf] . fdf]fd gf) [fd fd] lslof xfNbf k|of]u ul
wf]wd{ . (pbf) fdf]fd lbbL, d}n] tkfO{Fsf] k5f}f lnPsf] 5}g .) fDaf; gf) [;+) Dej
ofQ's] xfQLaf . fd|L lqm) lj) [fd|f]uL] fd|f] uL ;'xfpFbf];Fu . fd|f ] lj) [;+
dg kg]{ ;'Gb d0fLo . @= u'0f, lxt cflbsf b[li6n] pDbf c;n a]; . ~ d'v gf) != gd jf
] af]nLjrg ;f]emf] d'v . @= ;'Gb cg'xf jf r]xf .

1075

/fo/fi6 cy{Joj:yfdf cfa4 ;d:t gfuls hgtf . ~ C0f gf) ljleGg of]hgf rnfpgsf lglDt tf]l
sPsf] ;do;Dddf plrt Aofh lbg] uL fi6n] ;j{;fwf0f hgtf;Fu lng] C0f . ~ 3fts lj) fi6sf
Tof jf 7"nf] xflg x'g] sfd ug]{ . 3ftL lj) fi6sf] xToff] fi63fts . ~ gfos gf) sg
'v g]tf . ~ lgdf{0f gf) gofF fi6 agfpg] jf sg} fi6sf] pGgltk|ult ug]{ sfd . ~ lgdf{t
) != gofF fi6sf] ;\u7g jf ;+rgf ug]{ JolQm . k[YjLgffo0f zfxnfO{ lbOPsf] pkflw . klt
f) u0ftflGqs zf;g k|0ffnLcg;f axdtff lgjf{lrt sg} fi6sf ;j{k|wfg zf;s jf k|ltlglw
klifb\ gf) fi6sf k|dv  ;d:ofdf ;Nnfx tyf ;xof]u lng ul7t fi6sf k|ltlglwxsf] klifb
fn gf) != fhf g[k . @= fi6klt . lktf /fi6sf] :jtGqtf, :jfwLgtf / nf]stGqsf nflu lj
of]ubfg ug]{ dxfg\ JolQmnfO{ ;Ddfg:jk lbOg] pkflw . ~ a}s \ gf) ! fi6sf db|fsf] k|r
ng tyf lgoGq0f ug]{, cfgf] fi6df x]sf cGo a}\sxsf] kFhL ;Iffsf lglDt hDdf ug],{ ;
fkqsf] k|aGw ug]{ cflb sfo{ ug{ufpg ljz]if clwsfk|fKt k|wfg Aof\s, s]Gb|Lo a}s \ . @
= g]kfnsf] P]gadf]lhd u7g ePsf] g]kfn fi6 a}\ssf gfdn] g]kfn clwfHodf pko{Qm sfd ug
]{ k|l;4 tyf k|dv a}\s . efiff gf) != /fi6sf] efiff sg} /fi6df k|rlnt efiff . @= s
g} fi6sf ax;\Vos hgtfn] af]Ng], Jojxf ug]{ ;sfL c8\8fvfgfdf n]vfk9L cflbdf rn]sf]
v  efiff . ~ d08n gf) ;dfg efj jf lxtsf b[li6n] k:k cfa4 xg] fi6xsf] d08n jf ;d"x (
dgj]Ny) . jfb gf) != cfgf] fi6sf] pGglt lxtnfO{ ;jf]{kl dfGg] l;4fGt jf fi6 f
] ljz]if elQmefjgf . @= dWoouLg ;fdGtL lg\sztfsf lj?4df jf cf}klgj]lzs bf;tfaf6 d
lQmsf nflu p7]sf] fli6o :jtGqtfsf] cfjfh To;};Fu ;DalGwt lrGtg jf ljrfwff . jfbL lj
6jfbsf] dt dfGg] fi6jfbl;t ;DaGw ePsf] . ~ ljKnj gf) != /fi6df pTkft drfO{ dns ljv0
g ug]{ k|of; /fi6 6qmfpg] ultljlw . ~ ;\3 gf) k|yd ljZjo4kl5 fi6xsf aLr kf:kls
b\efjgf ldqtf sfod uL ljZjzflGtsf] :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zon] O) !(!( df v8f ePsf] ljZjs
f :jfwLg fi6xsf] ;\u7g . ~ ;\3Lo lj) fi6;\3;DaGwL fi6;\3sf] . ~ ;]js gf) !=
Tj jxg ug]{ kbk|lti7fdf x]sf] JolQm . @= g]kfn ;sf jf sg} ;\ul7t ;+:yfk|lt lnOg] zky
jf ;t{, san jf ;Demf}tfcg;f k|fKt ePsf] lgolQm, dgf]gog jf lgjf{rg xg] sg} nfe
sf] kbwf0f u]sf] jf ;f] kbdf axfn x];Ddsf cj:yfsf] JolQm .

fo gf) [kmf)] != sg} sf, kIf, l;4fGt cflbdf JoQm ulg] ljrf, cfzo dt . @= sg} ljifo
fO{ lbOg] plrt ;emfp ;Nnfx ;Ddlt . ~ 5gs gf) fo lbg] ;\s]t ;Ddlt jf ;;Nnfxsf] cfef;
~ aemfO gf) sg} sfdf s;}sf] ;xdlt s;}sf] c;xdlt eO{ ljrf gldNg] l:ylt bO{ yLsf] s
g] sfd foafemf] . foafemf] gf) [fo afemf]] k:k fo kmf6] jf gldn], cnucnu fo xg]
nf gf) xflsd, txl cl;:6]G6sf aLrdf fo kmf6L jf gldnL ulPsf] ;fws km};nf . fon lj)
!= fhsLo zfxL . gf) @= 5AaL; OGrL ndfO aL; OGrL rf}8fO xg] sfutsf] gfkf]ljz]if . f
oN6L gf) [c\)] sg} j:tsf stf{ jf s[ltsf n]vsnfO{ lghdf x]sf] :jTjflwsf jf :jfldTjsf
lglDt lbOg] pQm j:t jf s[ltaf6 ePsf nfesf] s]xL c+z n]vs:j . fof] gf) [;+) flhsf] !
= tf]Lsf h:tf sf];f, kx]n F f k"mn 7"n7"nf kft xg], tsfLsf lglDt k|l;4 Ps hftsf] ;
fu jf To;sf] tf]Lh:tf] u]8f (kmn) fO{ kfR5}+ . @= lkKnfsf] aLh . ff gf) [ x] klZrd
df s0ff{nL c~rnsf] du lhNnfdf kg]{ k|l;4 :yn . ~ bx gf) ff ufpFsf] blIf0f lsgffdf x
]sf] Ps k|l;4 tfn . fn gf) [;+) nfnf] dv ;fP rlxg] n];fOnf] ys ofn . ~ u|lGy gf)
f]8\g] u|lGy jf OlGb|o . 3f]n gf) != Ps} 7fpFdf dl5g] jf ldNg] sfd . @= tfgftfg,
lvrftfgL . > fn] gf) != nufdf fn grlxof];\ egL s]6fs]6Lsf unfdf afFw] nufOg] j:q
. lj) @= fn sfl9xg] . fnf] gf) [;+) 0fg] 306fsf] aLrdf xg] xNnfpFbf 306f aHg] b08f
u . fj0f gf) [;+)] != n\sfsf] fhf tyf fdff dflPsf] fdfo0fsf] k|l;4 k|ltgfos . lj
sf ufpg] cTofrfL bi6 ldrfxf . fjGg] gf) [ fj0f] x]) fj0f . ~ dnf gf) uf]7fn]
zg gf) [c\)] x]) /f;g . flz gf) [;+)] != sg} j:tsf] f; jf ykf | ] . @= qmflGtj[Qdf
sf d]if, j[if, ldyg, ss{6, l;+x, sGof, tnf, j[lZrs, wg, ds, sDe dLg oL afx| tffxs
] ;d"x . #= ;\Vof c\s . ~ rqm gf) d]if, j[if, ldyg cflb flzxsf] rqm jf d08n . ~ gfd
) hGd]sf ;dosf] gIfqcg;f hfO{ flvPsf] gfpF lrXgfsf] gfd . fi6 gf) [;+)] != hgtf, ;
f ;fj{ef}d;Qf;DkGg ePsf] sg} b]z dns  . @= Ps} b]zsf Pp6} ;+:s[lt tyf

/fli6o/fx fli6o lj) [;+)] != fi6;DaGwL fi6sf] . @= fi6n] ug]{ jf fi6sf] lxtsf
lqmofsnfk jf p2]Zo ePsf] . (h:t} fli6o cv08tf, fli6o lgb]{zg, fli6o k|s[lt, fli6o
, fli6o nufgL, fli6o lxt O) .) s0f gf) != ;sfn] Ifltk"lt{ uL jf guL ljz]if pBf]
bdf clwsf uL ;fj{hlgs kfg]{ sfd . @= sg} ;sfL p2]Zok"lt{sf lglDt dcfjhf lbO{ jf glbO
{ ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] hUufhldg cflbsf] clwu|x0f ug]{ sfd . s[t lj) fli6o agfOPsf] fli
ulPsf] . ~ ufg gf) != fi6n] dfGotf lbPsf] ufgf fi6sf] ufg fli6o uLt . @= g]kfn ;
jLs[t /fli6o dfGotfk|fKt :jb]zufg . ~ uLt gf) cfgf] fi6k|lt ;a} hgtfsf] c;Ld >4f elQ
hgfpg sg} fli6o pT;j jf ;fd"lxs ;dff]xdf ufOg], fi6sf] jf fi6sf k|tLssf] u0fufyfn
f] uLt fli6o ufg . ~ hgfj gf) fli6o kdf dfGotf lbOPsf] kz (g]kfndf ufO{) . ~ emG8f
= sg} fi6sf] k|tLs klrofTds ;\s]tsf kdf ;[lht tyf lgld{t emG8f . @= g]kfnsf] ;+ljwf
;f, l;ld|s sf] eO{F uf9f gLnf] sf] lsgff ePsf], bO{ lqsf]0f clnslt hf]lPsf], df
] efudf vk]{ rGb|sf] aLrdf ;f]x|df cf7 sf]0f b]lvg] ;]tf] cfsf tNnf] efudf afx|
sf]0foQm ;"o{sf] ;]tf] cfsf c\lst ePsf], kDkfut emG8f . tf gf) fi6k|ltsf] cf:yf j
tsf] efjgf fi6k|]d fi6sf] l:ylt jf cfgf]kg . ~ lgs~h gf) jGo hGt kIfL;DkbfnfO{
s l:yltdf ;+If0f ug{ 5fOPsf] h\unsf] ljz]if If]q . ~ k~rfot gf) k~rfotsfnLg g]kfnsf]
ljwflosf . ~ kG5L gf) sg} fi6n] dfGotf lbPsf] kIfL (g]kfndf 8fFkm]) . ~ kh L gf) c
} fli6o pBf]u pTkfbg jf >d;fwgff k|fKt kFhL jf wg fli6o cfo . ~ kh Lklt gf) a
Lkltff x'g] zf]if0fff b]znfO{ hf]ufpg] vfnsf pBf]u vf]Ng] jf aGbJofkf ug]{ JolQm . ~
k|hftGq gf) ;+;bLo k|0ffnLdf cfwflt Ps fhgLlts Joj:yf . ~ k|hftGq lbj; gf) kmfu'g &
ut] dgfOg] fli6o rf8 jf pT;j . ~ k'mn gf) fi6n] dfGotf lbPsf] k"mn (g]kfndf nfnLu'f
. ~
\u gf) fi6n] k|tLs dfg]sf]
(g]kfndf l;ld|s
) . ~ jfl0fHo a}
s \ gf) ljleG
ug]{ jf jfl0fHo tyf pBf]u;DaGwL sfo{df C0f pknAw ufO{ b]zsf] cy{Joj:yfdf ;3fp kof
pg] Aof\s . ~ ljsf; ;]jf gf) :gftsf]Q txsf 5fq5fqfxn] sg} lhNnfsf lgwf{lt ufpFdf uO{
Wofkg sfo{df ;3fp kofpgsf ;fy} u|fdL0f If]qsf] cWoog ug]{ sfo{qmd . ~ lje"lt gf) f
i6sf] uf}j a9fpg cfcfgf If]qdf ljlzi6 of]ubfg lbg] dxfk?if . ~ ladf ;+:yfg gf)
1076

lghL{jgladf hLjgladf bO{ k|sfsf ladfJoj;fo rnfO{ lgwf{lt sd lng] To;L ladf ePsf
JolQm cflbnfO{ ef}lts Ifltaf6 ;Iff ug]{ tyf eljiosf lglDt cfly{s ;+If0f lbg] sfo
{ ug]{ ladf;+:yfg P]gff :yflkt ;+:yf . ~ ;dfrf ;ldlt gf) fli6o b[li6sf]0fnfO{ Wofgdf
L lgikIf tyf cflwsfls kdf b]zleq aflxsf ultljlwsf] hfgsfL hg;fwf0f;dIf kofpgsf lgl
;dfrf;\sng, ljt0f tyf cfbfgk|bfgsf] Joj:yf ug{ ag]sf] Ps :jzfl;t ;+:yf f) ;) ;) . ~ ;
jf bn gf) 5fq5fqfxdf fli6o efjgfsf] j[l4 uL pgLxnfO{ of]Uo cgzfl;t gfuls agfpg ty
[Tjsf] Ifdtf a9fpg ;}lgs tflnd jf lzIff lbOg] bn . fi6fT ] yfg gf) [;+)] ljleGg pGg
lt k|ult uL fi6nfO{ p7fpg] sfd fi6sf] pTyfg . fi6fG ] glt gf) [;+)] fi6sf] pGg
f;! gf) [;+) flz] yk|f] flz . f;@ gf) [;+)] != uf]kuf]kLxsf ;fy s[i0fn] u]sf] k|
8f jf cr]nsf] wfggfrsf] h:tf] gfrv]n f;nLnf . @= sf]nfxn . #= zAb Wjlg . f;# gf) [k|f
) l:;] != afu8f] nufd . @= aUuLsf] ;jf a:g] 7fpF . f;s gf) [;+)] xf:o; k|wfg xg] Ps
sfsf] Psf\sL ks . f;sf f; gf) f;dfly f; x]) f;}f; . f;g gf) [c\)] != vfg]lkpg
t ;bkfgL /fzg . @= lgwf{lt ;do dfqfdf ;ky d"Nodf lbOg] jf kfOg] vfB j:t . ~ sf8{ g
) f;g ljt0f ubf{ lbOg] hgfOg] kqs . f; g[To gf) [;+)] f;gfr f;nLnf . f; nLnf gf)
i0fn] j[Gbfjgdf uf]lkgLxsf ;fy u]sf] k|df]bnLnf f;g[To . f;fog lj) [;+)] ;fog;DaGwL
gs . f;folgs lj) [;+)] ;fog jf ;fogzf:q;DaGwL ;fog . ~ phf{ gf) f;folgs k|lqmofff
g] pmhf{ (zlQm) . ~ kljt{g gf) f;folgs Pj+ ef}lts bj} u0fdf kljt{g cfpg] ldl>t j:t
sf] kfGt0f . ~ k|ltlqmof gf) bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L f;folgs of}lus ld;fpFbf sg} pTk|]s
f dfWodn] xg] cfd"n kljt{g . f;}f; gf) [ ;a;] w]} f; f;dfly f; f;sf f; . f;
af]a cfpg]hfg] jf a:g] u]sf] 7fpF . @= a;f]af;f] . fx gf) [kmf)] != af6f] dfu{ . @= k
fPsf] a]nf af6f]

1077

fxfl/6 gf) != ls6 ePsf] JolQm gofF l;kfxL . lj) @+ ls6df etL{ ePsf] ls6sf] . lSt
= sg} kb, :yfg, c;, ;\Vof cflb vfnL ePsf] lQf] z"Go . @= s]xL gePsf] s\ufn lgw{g,
gf) lQf] xg] cj:yf jf 5fF6 lQf]kg vfnLvfNrf . { L ltly . lStf gf) [;+)] rf}yL, gjdL
tbz lSy gf) [;+)] ;DklQ wg dfn . kq gf) cfgf] ;DklQ pQflwsfLdf o; k|sfn] afF8\g
vPsf] kq OR5fkq . lS;f gf) [hfkf) lhlGlszf] dflg;n] kfpbfg rnfP jf To;} tfGg] Ps k|sf
f] tLgkf\u|] ;jfL . lvL gf) [;+) Clif] x]) Clif . ~ 8f]f] gf) IffaGwg . ~ tk{gL gf)
O{ tk{g lbg] k"l0f{df hg}k"l0f{df . ~ k~rdL gf) Clifk~rdL . l\g c) lqm) [ lFUg] l
Dg . l gf) [c\) l\u] != tf, 8G8L, a]t, a cflbsf] r6s b]vfOg] jf ofFSg] ;dfTg]
6nf] rSsf . @= sfgdf nufOg] dGb|f] . #= af6nf] 8f]nf] cf}F7L . $= v]ntdf;f cf
lb cvf8fsf] j[Qfsf hldg . %= 306Lsf] zAb . l6f gf) [ lFu6f] x]) lFu6f . > l6] lj)
gf) [ l\ (cfO)] lg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lfOg s) lqm) l\g nfOg . lfp
lFufpg 3dfpg . llg c) lqm) l\g] sfd xf]Og 3ldg . l\uL uDaf gf) [ef]) a)]
sf] uf]vf lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 uDaf . l\u } lqm) lj) [ lFu P]] rf/}lt jlkl .
} 89]nfn] vfP5 .) lrf] gf) [;+) Crf] j]bsf] dGq Crf . lhe{ gf) [c\)] != k"} zNs jf
|d sd lbP sg} :yfg, j:t, uf8L cflb ;lIft ug]{ jf v]ntdf;f, ;jfL cflbsf] cf;g cf]u6\
g] sfd . lj) @= cfg} dfq xssf] Psnf}6L . llhdG6 lj) [c\) ]lhd]G6] != ePhlt ;a} vlnsk
d . gf) @= w]} hgfsf] kmf}h jf ;d"x . #= ]lhd]G6 . lem gf) [c) lhf] s;}nfO{ ulPsf] ;]
f rfsLdf xg] v;L k|;Ggtf . (pbf) pQm hUuf lemafkt lghnfO{ as;kq ullbPF .) > lemfOg
) lqm) lemfpg] sfd ulg . lemfpg ;) lqm) s;}nfO{ ;]jfz>"iff, rfsL cflbaf6 v;L kfg
{ k|;Gg tNofpg . llemg c) lqm) ;]jf ;;f, rfsL cflbaf6 k|;Gg xg v;L xg . l6
[c\)] != fHo jf Gofofno cflbff s;}nfO{ sg}
> ls6]

agfpg] Ps vfnsf] sd jf s . > fxt gf) k|fs[lts k|sf]kdf k]sfxsf] jf bMvLxsf] p4f ug
d c8\g] pkfo ;fGTjgf . bfgL gf) :jb]zaf6 ljb]z hfg jf ljb]zaf6 :jb]z lkmg{sf lglDt
;sf;Fu lnOg] cgdltkq kf;kf]6{ . fxf gf) [c) fo] sg} sfdflysf] ljrf fo dtf] .
fhefOsf] fxflafxf s] 5 klxn] ToxL ag fd|f] xf]nf .) fxL gf) [ fx O{] fx lxF8\g]
 gf) [;+)] != gf} u|xdWo] Ps kf0fcg;f ;do ;dodf ;"o{ jf rGb|dfnfO{ 5f]Kg] u|x kfk
|x . @= ljk|lrlQ l;+lxsfsf 5f]fsf] gfd . #= cGwsf . lj) $= Hofb} s]Kg], k5]6f nfUg]
jf bMv lbg] (dflg;) . u|f; gf) ;"o{ cyjf rGb|sf] u|x0f . lu \ g c) lqm) [;+) l\
km]f] df] jf kmgkmgL 3Dg rf}lt 8Ng rSs vfg . (pbf) l;\u} ;x lFu] klg 8fS
fwL kfOPg .) lu6f gf) [;+) l
\u0f] != b'Anf]kg, udL{, 8 cflbn] jf kmgkmgL 3'Dbf cfk"m
lklsf b[Zo, kbfy{ ;a} 3'd]h:tf] x'g] efg jf 6fpsf] 3'd]h:tf] nfUg] Joyf kmgkmg] . @
= rSs nfUg] jf 3'Dg] cj:yf efpGg ed{g . > lu6] lj) lFu6f nfUg] jf nufpg] (lk
, v]n c
. luf gf) cf]vh:t} Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] h
\unL kmn . lufO gf) [ lu\ ( cfO)] lFUg]
qmof . [ > ] lufOg' s) lqm) lFUg nfOg' kmgkmgL 3'dfOg' . lufpg' k|) ] lqm) lFUg nf
mgL 3'dfpg' . llug' c) lqm) kmgkmgL 3'ldg' . lUg] lj) != lFufpg] jf 3'dfpg] . @= b'M
bg] . gf) #= s;}nfO{ ufnL ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) t]Ldf lFUg], lagl;lQ cnfO{ lsg
d'v 5f]8]sf] <) lw\g ;) lqm) [;+) w\ g] vfg]lkpg] sf] tof kfg{ jf ksfpg agfO
FWg . > lwfO gf) lFWg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lwfOg' s) lqm) lFWg nfOg' . lwfpg
m) lFWg nfpg' lFWg] kfg'{ jf nfpg' . llwg' s) lqm) lFWg] sfd ulg' . ls8{lsf6 gf
) ]s8{ . lsfkL gf) [kmf) sfaL] ulxfO sd ePsf] pQfgf] srf}f jf ;fgf] ylnof l/sfaL .
f) [c)] 3f]8f r9\bf uf]8f c8fpg] sf7Ldf e'mG8fOPsf] kfpbfg . f gf) sf7Lsf bfofFafofF
b'jl} t lsfa c8fpg afFlwg] 5fnfsf] lkmQf . lsfaL gf) [kmf) /sfaL] x]) l/sfkL . ls'6
[c
\) lqm'6] gofF etL{ ePsf] ;}lgs jf l;kfxL .

l6slofh sfd ug{ jf gug{sf nflu lbOg] cf1fkq . @= sg} d'2fsf] ljifo sfg'gaf6 6'
u \ f]
nufpg gldNg] cj:yfdf ;DalGwt JolQmn] sfg'gL pkrfsf lglDt ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf lbg] lgj
]bg . l6s gf) uLtsf] af]n jf :yfoL 6]sf] . l6fO gf) [ l6fp ( cfO)] l6fpg] lqmof jf
f . [ > ] l6fOg' s) lqm) l6fpg] sfd ulg' . l6fpg ;) lqm) [;+) lt cfpg] != sg} j:
lRofF kfg{ l;Fufg{ fd|f] tNofpg . @= sf}zn b]vfP sfd ug{ ;Lk nfpg . #= kmsf{pg
h:tf] snf] l6fpg) . l6fo lj) [c\) l6fo8{] pd]sf] xbDofb kuL hfluaf6 cjsfz kfPs
6]sf] ;]jf jf sfdaf6 lgj[Q ePsf] . ll6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") ll6s\ s] sg} j:tnfO{ ;lh;hf
kfg]{ uL l6fpg] sfobfn] . l] ] lj) [lf] P] !=lfh:tf] lgSv sfnf] (uf]?) . @= l
fqmL gf) lfsf] dfnf klxg] emfFqmL wfdLsf] b]ptf . ~ e'dL gf) xn ug{ c;Dej x:o . l
) clf]] nfdfnfdf kft x'g,] ;]tf k"mn k'mNg], leq sfnf] laofF x'g], kmnsf] af]qmf n
'uf w'g] sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] v}f] uf]nf] kmn . ~ glafO{ 6') Pp6f
klg g5f]8Lsg . l8L gf) kfNkf u'NdL lhNnfsf] aLrdf sfnL u08sLsf] lsgfdf x]sf], df3]
;
\qmflGtdf tLg lbg;Dd 7"nf] d]nf nfUg], k|l;4 wfld{s Pj+ k|fs[lts :yn ??If]q . lt gf
) [;+) Llt] sg} sfdsf ug]{ o'lQm sfdsf] sfObf jf tlsf k|yf Llt . eft gf) != k'
f Lltlylt . @= rfnrng ljlwljwf . (pbf) lax]jfL LtefFtcg';f g} u] a]; x'G5 .) f]x
bf LtefFt . llQg c) lqm) [lQf] Og] sg} j:t fv]sf] 7fpFaf6 ;lsg afFsL gxg vf
g . > lofO gf) llQg] lTofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . lofOg s) lqm) lQf] kflg . lTofp
fFsL gfVg lQf] kfg{ vfnL ug{ . lQf] lj) [;+) lSt] != leq s]xL gePsf] vfnL . @= ;
:;f vf]qmf] . :qL) lQL . kmSnf] lj) xftdf jf ;fydf s]xL j:t gePsf] cNemf]laNemf] s
xL gePsf] :jtGq . :qL) lQLkmSnL . lg gf) [;+) C0f] efsfleq Aofh;4 cyjf Aofhljgf ;f
Fjf dfq aemfpg] uL ;fk6L lnPsf] wg C0f . wg gf) lg sfl9Psf] wg cflb ;;fk6 P]Frf]k
. > lgfxf lj) lg lnOxg] lgaf6 gpS;g] . lgfxL lj) lg
1078

lng] (:qL) . lgL lj) [lg O{] lg lng] (JolQm) C0fL . wgL lj) lg lng] lg lbg] Jol
;+)] != Hofb} cf]; nfUg] 7fpF lr;ldf] hldg . @= lxnf] . lk! gf) [;+)] zq j}L . lk
) [;+) Ce] cToGt lgk0fM cf}wL l;kfn kf]Vt . l/kf]6lkf]6 { gf) [c\)] != sg} pNn]Vo
6gf jf sfdsf cflbsf af]df s;}nfO{ lbOg] ;"rgf sfo{ljj0f . @= sg} lgsf;f lngkg]{ jf c
ut ufpgkg]{ sfsf] ljj0f n]vL tfnsjfnfsxfF ulg] hfx]L k|ltj]bg . ~ b:t gf) != s
s ] f] dflg; km]nf gk]df nfUg] b:t jf sd . @= kxFrb:t . > lkf]6 { gf) != ;ef;ldl
flbdf ePsf sfdsfsf] ljj0f n]Vg] JolSt . @= ;dfrfkqsf] ;+jfbbftf . lj) #= lkf]6{ ug]{
jf lkf]6{ lbg] k|ltj]bs . lag gf) [c\)] l;Fufk6f cflbsf] sfd lnOg], gfOngn] ag]sf]
eGg sf] kL jf lkmQf . leNe gf) [c\)] leqL rSsf qmd}n] 3d] PsPsj6f uL 56\g], uf]
g] lk:tf]nsf 9fFrfsf] Ps z:q . ld gf) [c\)] lh:tfsf] kRrL; tfpsf lx;fan] kfFr ;o tf
p rf}aL; tfpsf lx;fan] rf ;o c;L tfp klg xg], aL; lh:tf sfutsf] vft jf la6f] . ld
f gf) k|]dLn] k|]ldsfnfO{ af]nfpFbf k|of]u xg] kfgf] zAb dfofn . > ld} gf) Ldf .
lemd gf) [c) d") ld\ lemd\] != r6s, tdf;f, pT;j cflbsf] dfOnf] ldtf . lqm) lj) @= xNsf
kfgL kg]{ rfnn] ldld l;dl;d . ldl7d gf) rfnrng Lltlylt . ldld lqm) lj) [c) d") l
lncln pHofnf] xg] lsl;dn] ldld lem;ld; . @= xNsf rfnn] kfgL kg]{ uL ldlemd . > ldl
ldld ePsf] jf k]sf] l;dl;d] (kfgL) . ldLlemdL gf) [ldlemd] != dfOnf] ldtf ldle
@= l;dl;d . ldf]6 sG6fn ] gf) [c\)] sg} oflGqs pks0fnfO{ lglZrt b"Laf6 lgoGq0f ug]
jBtLo ;+oGq . lD6 gf) 3Dg] sfd 3dfO . > lD6g c) lqm) rSs lng 3Dg . lD6fO g
lqmof jf k|lqmof . lD6fOg s) lqm) lD6g nfOg . lD6fpg k|) ] lqm) lD6g nfpg jf lD
kfg{ . llD6g c) lqm) lD6g . lDaf]5 {] gf) [ef]) a)] ;]kf{hfltsf snb]jtf jf u? .
fh gf) [c) lofht] sg} szntfsf] k|flKtsf lgldQ ulg] 6fO kmt cEof; . > lofhL lj)

1079

lof;t?Ssf Lt gf) x]) l/t . Llt gf) [;+)] != sg} sfd ug]{ sfObf, lsl;d jf 9\u klkf
dsf] klkf6L jf k4lt . #= kVof}{nL rng ljfh k|yf . $= ljwfg lgod . %= ;flxTodf cf]h,
dfwo{, k|;fb cflb u0f pTkGg ug]{ ljlzi6 kbrgf (nf6L, uf}8L, kf~rfnL cflb) . lyl
t gf) != rn] cfPsf] k|yf rfnrng kDkf . @= gLltlgod aaGbf]a:t . k|fwfGojfb gf) ;d
] 7Ls7Ls vfO g} sfJosf] cfTdf dfGg] l;4fGt . eftL gf) LtefFt . ~ ljfh gf) != klxn]b
v rlncfPsf] sg} sfd ug]{ lgod jf sfObf Lltlylt rfnrng k|yf . @= aaGbf]a:t k|aGw .
) ;flxTodf LltnfO{ k|d'vtf lbg] l;4fGt . jfbL lj) Lltjfbsf] cg'ofoL . l:ylt gf) Ll
h Lltlylt . Ldf gf) x]) l/df . ?u \ g ;) lqm) [;+) ?Gwg g] != sg} cfz\lst vfaLa
;}sf] ]vb]v ug{sf lglDt vjfL ug{ Iff ug{ hf]ufpg sg{ . @= s;}nfO{ kv{g k|tLIf
Sg . > ?ufO gf) ?FUg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ?ufOg' s) lqm) ?FUg nfOg' . ?ufpg' k|
] lqm) ?FUg nfpg' . ?ufnf] gf) ?FUg] jf vjfL ug]{ dflg; wfnf] . :qL) ?FufnL . ?lug'
lqm) ?FUg] sfd ulg' . ?b } gf) [;+) ?Gw] kfgL kg{ cfF6e ] m}F eO{ w'lDdPsf] afbn abn
L . > ?bfO gf) ?Flbg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ?lbg' c) lqm) kfgL knf{h:tf] eO{ afbn
nfUg' w'lDdg' . ?w \ g ;) lqm) [;+) ?Gw\ g] cufl8 a9\g glbg sfdsfh cflb ug{ glbg
g . > ?wfO gf) ?FWg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ?wfOg' s) lqm) ?FWg nfOg' . ?wfpg' k|]) lqm
?FWg nfpg' . ?lwg' c) lqm) != ?FWg] sfd x'g' . s) lqm) @= ?FWg] sfd ulg' . ?g c) lq
m) [;+) ?b\] != dg bMlvt eP cfF; rxfpFb} ljnfk ug{ ?bg ug{ ;FSs;FSs ug{ jf
8fFsf] 5f]8\g . @= s;}sf] clk|o Jojxfaf6 x}fg xg . #= Hofb} bMlvt jf lvGg xg
. $= s;};Fu uP bMvksff ug{ dgsf] ax kf]Vg . ?O{ gf) [;+) x] ?jf] skf; . bfbf
?jf] ePsf] jf ?jf] xfnL tluPsf] ?jfjfnf tsjf (j:q) . ?sf gf) [c) ?Ss]] fhfsf] cf1fk
q (lbJo)) ?Ssf . ?sd gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] fktL c~rndf kg]{ Ps lhNnf . ?sdf gf) k|]ld
sfn] lasd egL ;Daf]wg ubf{ k|]dLn] eGg] kfgf] zAb . > ?sd} gf) ?sdf . ?Ssf gf) [c
Ss] f0ffzf;geGbf klxn] >L % sf] f0ffzf;g ;? ePkl5 >L # sf] xsdsf] tf]s n]lvPsf]

kmt ug]{ . @= lofh;DaGwL lofhsf] . lof;t gf) [c)] k|fGtsf kdf x]sf] jf ;fgf]ltgf]
t fHo . > lof;tL lj) lof;t;DaGwL lof;tsf] . ln gf) [c\) Ln] != wfuf] a]lg] nfO
;fwg jf To;df a]lPsf] wfuf] . @= l6gaf6 dLt]n lemSg] Ps k|sfsf] kDk . #= sg} oGqsf]
3Dg] efu . $= rfsg] kmNofsnfO{ tn dflyaf6 cfwfcfwLh;f] lrL aLrdf sk] ;f\nL kfL agf
f], lhNbbf lstfa vf]n] fVg xg] vl6of Rofk] s7f}tf] . ljfh gf) [c)] sg} ;dfhdf rn]s
jf k|yf Lltlylt rfnrng . lZjt gf) [c)] x]) l/;jt . l; gf) [;+) f]if] != dg gkg],{
t jf cGofosf] sfd ePsf] b]v] s;}k|lt dgdf p7\g] f]if qmf]w, sf]k h . @= sg} sf0fjz s
|lt ulg] 8fxf O{iof{ ]if . sf] kf]sf lj) l56f]l56f] l;fpg] l;fxf . l;Nnf gf) [
9Lsf] kmf}h cZjff]xL ;]gf . l;jt gf) [c) lZjt] Ps kIfnfO{ xflg csf]{ kIfnfO{ nfe k
g] p2]Zon] nfe xg] kIfaf6 k|fKt ug]{ sd, b}b:t/, ;nfdL, Ogfd, as; cflb gubL jf
c hg;s} cfly{s nfe 3; l/Zjt . l;fO gf) [ l;fp ( cfO)] l;fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
> ] l;fOg c) lqm) qmf]lwt xg . l;fpg c) lqm) [l; cfp g] != sg} sf, sfd, sf0f
gaemL s;};Fu qm4 xg l; p7\g h\lug lrl9g . @= ck|;Gg xg gffh xg . l;fgL
gL]] l;fpg] sfd gffhL (cfbfy{df) . (pbf) e"n eP dfkm kfpFm, lagl;lQ l;fgL gxf];\ ddf
l;fl; gf) [l;f l;] cfk"mcfk"mdf l;fpg] sfd k:ksf] l; emf]sfemf]s . l;fxf lj)
gaemLsg a9L l;fpg] :jefjsf] h\Uofxf emf]sL qmf]wL . ll;g c) lqm) [l; Og] qmf]lwt
l9g . ll;e gf) [c\)] 6]lnkmf]gdf xftn] ;dftL sfg yfk] ;lgg] dvn] sf ulg] pks0
. lx;{n gf) [c\)] g[To, uLt, gf6s cflb bz{s;dIf k|:tt ug{eGbf klxn] ulg] cEof; sg}
fdsfsf] k"jf{Eof; . lxf lj) [kmf)] aGwg jf s}baf6 56sff kfPsf] dQm 56]sf] . > lx
!= 56sff dlQm . @= ldgfxf dfkmL . #= cjsfz 5L . L9 gf) zLsf] k[i7efudf uw{gb]l
km}lnPsf] nfDrf] s k5fl8sf] xf8 .

?Svf]?lbnf] ;fgf] kq ;fgf] sfutdf l6Kk0fL n]vL lylt afFlwg] Ps k|sfsf] P]g jf zf;gk
q xsdL cf1f . b:vt gf) b:tvt;lxt k|rfdf NofOPsf] ?Ssf jf cf1fkq . ?Svf] lj) [;+) I
f] . ?lSd0fL gf) [;+)] s[i0fsL k|yd k6fgL . ?v! gf) [kmf)] != cgxfaf6 vNg] dgsf] e
fj . @= cfs[lt r]xf dv . #= emsfp r]i6f . ?v@ gf) [k|f) ?Sv] dfl:t xfFuf xfNg] tn
uf8\g] sg} klg af]6 j[If t? . ~ s6x gf) vdf kmNg] 7"nf] s6x s6x . sfg] gf) xl
f ePsf kft xg], kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] ;fx|f] nxf] . ~ s]z gf) ;fwf0f kftdfly
lrNnf] 6Nsg] vfnsf] k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] ljleGg cfsf xg] ;kfLh:tf]
kmn gfu]ZjL . ~ kft gf) v, kf]y|f, a6f cflb v kft . ~ ao gf) ;fgf;fgf kft xg]
k"mn kmNg] Ps hftsf] sfF9] v jf To;}sf] v}f] kmn . ~ l;dfnL gf) l;dfnL j[If ;]tf] l
;dfnL . ?v;t gf) [c) ?V;t] != 56\g] sfd 56sff dlQm . @= hfg] jf lxF8\g] sfd k|:yfg
. ?vfO gf) [vf] cfO] vf] xgfsf] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ?vf;vf lj) [vf] ;vf]] vf]
f vf];"vf] . ?lvg c) lqm) [vf] O g] != lrNnf], l;nf] cflb geO{ vf] xg kml;|g
f] gxg . #= nfnflot xg cf}tfpg . ?vf] lj) [;+) If, k|f= ?Svf]] != lrNnf] gePsf
] l:gUw gePsf] v;|f] km;|f] . @= zLn, :jefj, ljgo, gd|tf cflb u0f gePsf] 7f]{ lal;
laemfpg] ss{z (af]nL) . #=kf]; an nfUg] sf] gePsf] ;fxLg . $= pAhgL gxg] pmif (hl
;vf] lj) != lrNnf]rfkNnf] l;nf]kf]l;nf] gePsf] (vfg]s f]) . ?VofO gf) ?lvg] j
Vofpg] sfd . ?Vofpg k|) ] lqm) != vf] kfg{ km:o|fpg . @= s;}sf] lrQ bvfpg . #
= cnfO{ nfnflot tNofpg . ?Vofxf lj) ?lvPsf] vf] kfg]{ vfnsf] . :qL) ?VofxL . ?u?u l
qm) lj) [c) d")] s]6fs]6L jf sLfkm6f\uf | lxF8\g] rfnn] uu . > ?u?utL lqm) lj) cem
f] nuftf ?u?u xg] uL . ?u?ufpbf] lj) lrNnf]rfkNnf] jf kf]l;nf] gePsf] dfofnfUbf]
u?uL lqm) lj) ?u?utL uuL . ?u?u] lj) != ?u?u ug]{ . @= lrNnf] gePsf] vf] km;|f] . (
) ?u?u] hfpnf] vfg 5, efG;fdf s] hfg <) . #= bogLo dfofnfUbf] . ?uf gf) [;+) ?h\]
cfFvf ftf l;nf xg], gfsaf6 kfgL clg kftnf] l;F3fg rlxg], afaf l5pF nfUg] Hjf];d
cfpg] Ps f]u?3f . vf]sL gf) ;bL{ cflbsf sf0fn] ?3f vf]sL bj} nfUg] f]u .
1080

?U0f lj) [;+)] ylnP hL0f{ ePsf] lafdL . > ?U0ffjsfz gf) ylnFbf jf lafdL xb F f lnOg
kfOg] 5L lafdLlabf . ?3f gf)x]) ?uf . ~ vf]sL gf) ?ufvf]sL . ?l3nf] gf)x]) ?lbnf]
?\g ;) lqm) [ ?Fu \ g] ?FUg sg{ kv{g . > ?fO gf) ?\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . ?
?\g nfOg . ?fpg k|]) lqm) ?\g nfpg . ?lg s) lqm) ?Flug . ?r\g c) lqm) [;+) ?r
= vfg] OR5f jf dg xg ?lr nfUg . @= sg} j:t dg kg{ lgsf] nfUg . > ?rfO gf) ?Rg
] jf ?rfpg] sfd . ?rfOg s) lqm) dg kfOg lgsf] dflgg . ?rfpg k|) ] lqm) != dg kfpg
 lgsf] dfGg . ;) lqm) @= sg} j:t 5fGg f]Hg . ?lr gf) [;+)] != vfg] dg jf OR5f ef
usf] rfxgf ef]s . @= clenfiff wf]sf] rfx . #= vfg]sfsf] :jfb . $= sg} j:tnfO{ dg kf
sfd v;LnfUbf] rfv . %= ls0f sflGt cfef rds . ^= ;f}Gbo{ zf]ef . s lj) != ?lr pT
vfg dg nfUg] ef]s nufpg] . @= dg dfpg] dgkbf]{ . ~ sfs lj) ?lr k}bf ug]{ ?lr hufpg]
~ j4{s lj) ?lr a9fpg] ?lrsfs . ?lr lj) [;+)] != ?lrcg;fsf] dgkbf]{ . @= ;Gb dgf
#= rxlsnf] rlDsnf] . $= dL7f] jf :jflbnf] . ?lrf gf) [;+)] hu0f, eu0f, ;u0f, hu0f
u? cIf ldn] aGg], rf cIfdf olt xg] clthutL 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . ?h gf) [c) ?h"c] != ;Ss
n k|ltl;t gSsn le8fpg] hfFRg] sfd . lj) @= pkl:yt xflh . #= tDtof tTk . sf gf) ?
JolQm . axL gf) xflhsfkL xflh gf) uon geO{ lgTo cfpgkg]{ sfd b}lgs pkl:ylt . ?h"
x]) ?h . ?em\g c) lqm) [;+) ?h\ g] k]sf] kfgLn] lgy|S  s xg emLdf kg{ leHg .
?emfO gf) ?g] sfd jf lsl;d . ?emfOg s) lqm) ?g] kflg lehfOg . ?emfpg k|) ] lqm)
jf leHg] kfg{ . ?lemg c) lqm) ?g] l:yltdf klg[ . ?9L gf) [;+) l9] cfF7], lakm, x}
f cflb ;\qmfds f]u dxfdfL b]zfg . ?08 gf) [;+)] 6fpsf] gePsf] zL w8 luF8 ds{f
+)] Ps k|sfsf] dxjk"0f{ a6L ;~hLjgL . ?lbnf] gf) [;+) /f]w] ftf] vfnsf] e]6g \  ePs
f], kftsf] tNnf] efu bfFtL k]sf] xg], clt af:gf cfpg] k"mn kmNg] kft Pj+ hf], af
y, hsf rgf{df cf}ifwL nfUg] a6f]ljz]if ?lwnf] .

1081

?4?dNofO ?knfOg gf) [c\) f]knfOg] x]) f]knfOg . ?k;L lj) [lx)] kjtL ;GbL (gfL) .
[k xf] k gePsf] gfd|f] sk . ?kxff 5f]L, x"kxff 5f]f] (pvfg) . ?kf gf) [;+) Ko
rfFbLh:tf] rfFbLsf] . ?kftfn gf) [kf tfn] klZrdL g]kfnsf] u08sL c~rnsf] sf:sL lhNnfd
f x]sf] Ps k|l;4 tfn . ?kfdSvL gf) [;+) KodflIfsL] rfFbLsf] wfp . ?kf;] gf) [ k;L] k
] L jf k|l] dsfn] k:kdf fd|f] jf fd|L 5f} egL Jo\Uo;fy ug]{ ;Daf]wg k;L . ?lkof
] != g]kfnL ;o k};f jf b'O{ df]xafa d"Nosf] rfFbLsf] l;Ssf jf d'bf | ?lkofF . @= eft
sf] cl3sf] rf};L k};f clxn]sf] ;o k};f d]fnsf] rfFbLsf] d'b|f . #= Tolt g} d"Nosf
] cr]n rn]sf] sfuhL d'b|f jf gf]6 . $= wg;DklQ bf}nt . ~ k};f gf) != wft' jf sfuhs
f ljleGg k|sf d"Nosf d'b|f rn;DklQ . @= ?lkofF k};f . ?kL gf) sn]hL e'Od F{ f ;]tf
ws]{ 6Lsf x'g,] kx]n F f] r'Rrf] ePsf], g'xfP sf]Laf6L u]em}+ b]lvg] Ps hftsf] rf],
;ff}F . ?k}ofF gf)x]) ?lkofF . ~ k};f gf) ?lkofF k};f . ?kf}nf lj) [kfcf}nf] != rfFbL
f] h:tf]
sf] ;]tf] . gf) @= To:tf]
sf] w"nf] . ~ d;L gf) rfFbLh:tf]
sf] cIf n]Vg]
kf}nf] lj) [kfcf}nf]] rfFbLh:tf] ;]tf] rfFbLsf
sf] ;km]b . :qL) kf}nL . ?lK;nf] lj
k fd|f] ePsf] pHofnf] cg'xfsf] (pbf) g]kfndf st} tf]eL 5 eg] st} ?lK;nf] 5xf] klg
?K;] lj) [?lK;nf]] ?lK;nf] w]} fd|f] (h:t} ?K;] 5xf]) . ?an gf) [?) ?An] ;f]leot ?;d
|rlnt ;o sf]k]s d"Nosf] l;Ssf jf d'b|f . ?afO{ gf) [c)] pb"{kmf;Ldf rf r0f x'g] Ps k
|sfsf] d'Qms sljtf jf ;f] sljtf n]lvg] 5Gbsf] Ps z}nL . ?dn\g ;) lqm) [?dnf] g] ;a}
lt kUg] jf 9fSg] lsl;dn] 3dfpg cf]N6fOkN6fO ug{ . > ?dnfO gf) ?dNg] lqmof jf k
|lqmof . ?dlng c) lqm) != xfPh:tf] jf stf xf] stf eP cndlng ?dnf]df kg{ . @= w"jf
F, afkm, slxf] cflb af6f] gkfP kllwleq} 3Dg . s) lqm) #= cf]N6fOkN6fO ulg . ?dnf]
f) [;+) ?Gwg] != sfdsf] r6ff] jf r]kfr]kn] xg] emd]nf cNemf]laNemf] . @= w"jfF dlP l
:sg] 7"nf] d:nf] . ?dNofO gf) [ ?dln ( cfO)] ?dlng] sfd jf lsl;d .

?4 lj) [;+)] != kL8f, lrGtf cflbn] cfjfh km6\g g;s]sf] s07 f]lsPsf] . @= af6f] 5]l
sPsf] cj?4 . s07 lj) s07 ?4 ePsf] unf f]lsPsf] eSsfg k]sf] . ?b| gf) [;+)] != lzj
|nosfL Ps k . @= ch}skfb, clxa{Wg, ;|i6f, ljZjkx, axk, oDas, ckflht, j[iffslk, zDe
skbL{ }jt lzjsf oL P3f u0fsf] gfd . lj) #= eo\s 8nfUbf] . 306L gf) 3fF6Lsf] dfe
p7]sf] xf8sf] kmsG8f] . ~ dNn gf) lj) ;+) !#^%lt cldNnsf ojfh eP xg] fhsdf .
NdL lhNnfdf kg]{ a8LufpF sfnLu08sLsf] bf]efgdf x]sf] Ps tLy{:yn . ?b|fIf gf) [;+)]
sYo) ?b|fR5] . xfFufdf nfdfnfdf xlof s]z xg] ;]tf] k"mn kmNg] k|l;4 j[If jf hkd
fnf agfOg] To;}sf] ;fx|f] uf]n sfF8] laofF . > ?b|flIf gf) != jf:t jf d"lt{snfd
f k|of]u xg] c\unsf] tLg ugfafasf] gfk kj{g, clUg jf ljBfafasf] gfk . @= tLg cdna
] gfk tLg c\un . ?b|fgg gf) [;+)] != jf:t jf d"lt{snfdf k|of]u xg] c\un  sf] kfF
r ugfafasf] gfk tn, OlGb|o, e"t jf jf0fafasf] gfk . @= kfFr cdnafasf] gfk kfFr c\
b|fleif]s gf) [;+)] ljz]iftM ?b|Lkf7 ub}{ lzjln\udf r9fOg] hnsf] wf/f] . ?b|L gf) [
;+)] ?b|sf] k"hf tyf pkf;gfsf lglDt lzjln\udf cljlR5Gg hnwff lbFb} ulg] j}lbs kf7 oh
jb {] sf] ?b|:tf]q . ?b|fi6fWofoL kf7 . ?lw gf) [;+)] != ut St . @= ftf] . ?lwnf]
;+) /f]w] x]) ?lbnf] . ?gffgL gf) [?g ?g] ;fgfltgf 6qmf6fqmL ;;fgf ?gf . (pbf) audf
?gffgLafx]s c yf]s s] kf] kfOPnf ) ?g gf) [;+) ]0f] != afnjf jf w"nfsf s0f . @= H
fb} yf]} kldf0f }g . ?Gsf?GsL gf) [Gsf] ?Gsf]] ;fgfltgf w]} ?Gsf ?gffgL . ?Gsf] g
x|} ;fgf] 6qmf] ?g . ?Gr] lj) != ;fgf]ltgf] sf0fn] klg ?g] lkRrlkRr f]Oxg] :jefjsf]
kGr] . :qL) ?GrL . gf) @= afnsaflnsfnfO{ f]ofOF nfluxg] f]u . #= nf]s;+:s[ltsf cg;f
Psf] clego u] bz{snfO{ xF;fpg] ljb"ifs . ~ et] gf) bnxL cGefpg] lbg xg], bnxLkls}
3sf] ef]h . ?Gemg gf) [lx)] kfph]a, dhf, l;tf cflb emGemgfPsf] jf ah]sf] zAb emGsf
. ?kGb]xL gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] klZrdf~rn ljsf;If]qleq kg]{ nlDagL c~rnsf] tfO{ v08df
l:yt Ps lhNnf .

?dfgLkjtL ?dNofx6 gf) ?dlng] cj:yf jf lsl;d . ?dfgL lj) [c\) /f]dflG6s] z[\ufL f]d
. ?dfn gf) [kmf) ?dfn] xftdv cf kl5g] jf dfn ;fdfg kf]sf] kflg], ljleGg cfsfk|sf
lDrnf] rfsg] sk8fsf] 6qmf] . > ?dfn] lj) != ufpF7fpFsf lgjf;Lsf b[li6df ;xdf a;]sfn
] vfgnfpg wf}wf} k]sf] ga];fO{ vfg gkUg] (dfG5]) blb| s\ufn . gf) @= g]kfnLxsf] Ps
?Dhf6f gf) [?Dhf (:yfg) 6f] cf]vn9u \ f lhNnfdf kg]{ hf];dgL ;Dk|bfosf ;Gt 1fg lbnbf
;sf] k|l;4 sd{e"ld . g]kfnsf] 7"nf] 6f . kj]{nL u?xsf] dVo jf;:yfg . ?D6ffD6L gf)
[?D6f] ?D6f]] != hUufhldgsf ;fgfltgf w]} 6qmf kmf]u6fkmf]u6L . @= fF6ffF6L . ?D6f] gf
!= hldgsf] ;fgf]ltgf] 6qmf] kmf]u6f] . @= fF6f] . ?? gf) [;+)] k|foM gbLgfnfsf 5]
p5fpdf b]lvg], xfFuflaFuf ePsf l;, 5f]6f] kR5 v}f] j0f{sf] xg] Ps hftsf] d[u . If
]q gf) kfNkf uNdL lhNnfsf] bf];fFwdf sfnLu08sLsf] lsgfdf kg],{ df3] ;\qmflGtdf sfl
Qs PsfbzLb]lv k"l0f{df;Dd 7"nf] d]nf nfUg], ifLs]zsf] d"lt{ ePsf] Ps tLy{:yn . (o
f] d"lt{ kfNkfnL fhf dsG b;]gn] sfnLu08sLdf :gfg ubf{ e]fP :yflkt u]sf xg\ eGg] hg
>lt 5 .) ?n gf) [c\)] != lgod sfObf Llt . @= ;f]emf] wsf]{ tfGg pkof]u ulg] sf7, Knf
:6s cflbsf] ;fwgljz]if . #= ;fbf, a] jf ;fgf7"nf ]vf c\lst ug]{ 6fOksf] k|sf . bf
?n jf wsf]{ ePsf] (sfkL, sfut cflb) . > ?n gf) ;f]emf] wsf]{ tfGgsf lglDt cf8 flv
g] sf7, Knfl:6s cflbsf] ;fdfg ?n . ?jfO gf) [ ? ( jfO)] ?g] efj, sfd jf lsl;d . [>] ?
jfOg s) lqm) ?g] kflg . ?jfpg k|) ] lqm) != bMv lbg . @= ?g] kfg{ ?g nfpg .
?jfaf;L gf) [? jf;\] ?g]sfpg] sfd w]} hgfsf] ?jfO f]OsfO . ?i6 lj) [;+)] sg} sfo
slkt qm4 . tf gf) ?i6 xg] l:ylt jf rfn h\lug]kg . ?; gf) Pl;ofb]lv of]k;Dd km}l
Ps b]z . > ?;L lj) != ?;b]z;DaGwL ?; b]zsf] . @= ?; b]zsf] lgjf;L . gf) #= ?; b]z
sf] efiff . ?xfO gf) [ ?x ( cfO)] ?xg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ?xfOg s) lqm) ?x
g nfOg . ?xfpg k|]) lqm) != ?xg nfpg . ?lxg s) lqm) @= ?xg] sfd ulg . ?xg ;)
lqm) [ bx  g] != bx]em}F uL u]8f dfq cfpg] u] wfg, uxF cflbsf afnf tfGg . @= b
fFtLdf wfg, b"af] cflb xfn]sf] sfFluof]n] lnvf emfg{ .
[>]
1082

If lj) [;+)] != lrNnf], kf]l;nf] jf dl;g gePsf] vf] km;|f] v;|f] ;Svf . @= laemfp
s{z s7f] . v gf) x]) ?v . vf;"vf lj) x]) ?vf;vf . vf] lj) x]) ?vf] . ] f] jf 6;fP
@= r9]sf] cf9 . #= ;a}n] 9 lj) [;+)] != pd|s dfg]sf] k|l;4 . $= Jojxfdf rn]sf] k|rl
. %= j[l4 ePsf] a9]sf] . gf) ^= k|sl[ tk|Toosf] cy{bl] v leGg cy{ aemfpg] zAb . l
9 gf) [;+)] != w]} ;dob]lv rn]sf] k|yf rng . @= p7fg pTklQ hGd . #= k|l;l4 km}nf]6 j
. $= k|rlnt cy{ . lj) %= klxn]bl] v rn]sf] kDkfb]lv dflgFb} cfPsf] . a9L gf) a"9fk
fsfb]lv rlncfPsf] k|yf klxn]bl] v dflgFb} cfPsf] Lltlylt kVof}n { L rfn . ef8L lj)
bUbfLnfUbf] pfl7nf] . nIf0ff gf) sfJodf kfOg] nIf0ff gfds zAbzlQmsf] Ps e]b (o;df Jo
Uofy{sf] ck]Iffljgf k|rngjz d'Vofy{df afwf jfSok|of]u x'G5, h:t} sfddf s'zn .) jf
b gf) k'Vof}{nL rfnrng h:tfsf] t:t} dfGg'k5{ eGg] dt jf l;4fGt kDkfjfb . jfbL lj) l
b dfGg] jf dg kfpg] . ~ ljs[lt gf) kDkfb]lv rn]sf] lj;
\ulthGo l:ylt klxn]bl] vsf] lau
b F f] rfnrng . 9L gf) x]) ?9L . k gf) [;+)] != cfFvfn] yfxf kfOg] sg} JolQm jf j:t's
f] cfsf
jf j0f{ cg'xf r]xf . @= cfs[lt zL, b]x . #= klxg e]if . $= k|ltdf d
fb[Zo . ^= jfSodf k|o'Qm kflot zAb kmd{ . ks gf) [;+)] != ;flxTodf pkdfg pkd]osf] cl
eGg ;DaGw b]vfO{ j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n
\sf (pbf) xfF:t5] aflnsf of}6L afn;"o{ eO{
sg .) @= gf6s, k|s0f, ef0f, Jofof]u, ;djsf, l8d, O{xfd[u, c
\s, jLyL k|x;g oL b; e]b
x'g] cleg]osfJo jf b[ZosfJo . ~ sfo{qmd gf) ]l8of] (cfsfzjf0fL) ff k|;flt x'g] gf6s,
k|x;g cflb sfo{qmd . > ksfltzof]lQm gf) sfJodf cltzof]lQm cn
\sfsf] Ps e]b . k tj gf
;+)] sg} klg efiffsf zAbsf] agf]6df kfOg] k"j{;u{, k;u{, dWo;u{ cflb . ke]b gf) [;+)
] zAbsf] cy{ jf :jk cflbdf x'g] cf+lzs kljt{g . kdo lj) [;+)] kn] o'St clt ;'Gb ;fx
f] . kflz gf) [;+)] ;f}Gbo{sf] vfgL ;'Gbtf . k]vf gf) [;+)] != kl5 x'g] jf ulg] sf
]6fdf]6L cg'dfg k"j{of]hgf . @= d"lt{ cflb tof kfg{ sf]lPsf] ]vf d"lt{sf] vfsf . #= d
;f}bf v];|f . kjtL lj) [;+)] k ePsL fd|L ;'GbL .

1083

kjfg\]vL dflg;nfO{ ;Daf]wg ulg] zAb c] cf] . (pbf) ] Aofwf, t}Fn] olt fd|f] rfnf
<) ]@ lgkf) nv sf6\bf jf k|ToIf yfxf gePsf] sf] atfpFbf jfSosf] k'5fdf k|of]u x'g] z
Ab c] (pbf) efGbfO klg 3 cfpg'ePsf] lyof] ] .) ]s8]s8{ gf) [c
\)] != :yfloTj jf k|
sf lglDt kl5;Dd ;'lIft flvg] sfutkq, n]vl6kf]6 cflb clen]v . @= ldl;n . #= u|fdf]km
f]g, 6]k cflbsf uLtx elPsf] rSsf lsf6 . ~ 7]6lyP6 gf) rnlrqsf] Wjlg c
\sg ug]{ 7fpF
j) [c
\)] ]s8{ ePsf] jf ulg] . ~ :6'l8of] gf) ]s8{ ulg] sIf ]s8{lyP6 . ]v gf) [k
jrf kofpg] sfd x]rfx . @= cfgf] dftxtsf] xs :jTj . hf]v gf) x]gh {] fFRg] sfd ]
v gf) x]g]{ / Vofn ug]{ sfd b]v]v x]rfx . ]vf gf) [;+)] != lgwf{lt lbzfdf nlDsPsf]
nfdf] wsf]{ 8f]f] . @= cfsf k lrXg . #= ;fdlb|s zf:qcg;f zecze kmn atfpg] xf
f, lgwf, k}tfnf cflbsf] lrXg . ~ ul0ft gf) ]vfxsf dfWodn] ul0ftsf l;4fGtsf] k|ltkfbg
ulg] ul0ftsf] Ps e]b . ]vf\sg gf) [;+)] lrq cflb agfpgsf lglDt klxn] tof kflg] ]vfs
cfsf vfsf kf\sg . ]vf\lst lj) [;+)] ]vf c\lst ePsf] wsf]{ tflgPsf] ~ r]s gf) vf
fq eStfgL xg] r]s (qm; r]s) . ~ dfkb08 gf) ]vfxsf cfwfdf lgsflng] kldf0f ]vfff
] . ]vflrq gf) [;+)] != /]v/ }v ] ff/f tof/ ePsf] lrq vfsf . @= >JosfJodf uB kmfF6cG
tu{t syfeGbf leGg vfnsf] Ps k wsf{lrq . ]vflrq0f gf) [;+)] ]vflrq tof kfg]{ sfd vf
. ]vfTds lj) [;+)] ]vf jf wsf{ ePsf] ~ k4lt gf) ]vfff sg} ;d:of jf ;"qsf] xn ulg]
~ ;xL gf) xftsf a"9Lcf}Fnfsf] 5fk cf}F7f5fk . ]vfkq gf) [;+)] != ljz]if ;"rgf cflb
1fg ufpg ]vfaf6 ag]sf lrq c\lst ePsf] kq . @= ;fgf;fgf vfgf (sf]7f jf u|fkm) agfP tf
lnsf cflbsf] kdf lbOPsf] ljj0f . #= ;dbs | f] ue{df ePsf rfg, 8nfUbf] 7fpF cflb b]v
fpg ;db|L hxfhsf sKtfgn] k|of]u ug]{ ]vf\lst kq . $= pkef]Uo j:tsf pTkfbg d"No,
tfkdfgsf] 36a9 cflb ]vfff b]vfOg] kq . ]vfaGw gf) [;+)] sg} ljjfbf:kb 7fpFdf Jojl:yt
lsfn] ;Ldf 5fpg nufOg] lrXg ;Ldf]vf . ]vL gf) [;+)] != sg} wfld{s dnsfo{df b]jtf
sf

kjfg\ lj) [;+)] k ePsf] ;Gb fd|f] . k ;Hhf gf) [;+)] k ;hfpg] sfd l8hfOg . k ;
!= Jofs0fcg;f jrg, ln\u cflbsf e]bn] zAbsf ljleGg k agfpg] k|lqmof . @= k|;fwg . k;L
lj) x]) ?k;L . kxff lj) x]) ?kxf/f . kf gf) ?kf . kf\sg gf) [;+)] != sg} efjL sfo{
f cflbsf] k lglZrt ug]{ jf agfpg] sfd . @= agf}6, agf}6 cflbsf] ljz]if 9fFrfsfFr
f ;f]Rg] jf lgwf{lt ug]{ sfd . kf\u gf) [;+)] != zAbsf ksf c\u (:qLTj, st[T { j, sd{T
cflb) . @= wftksf c\u (jfRo, ln\u, k?if, sfn, jrg cflb) . kftfn gf) x]) ?kf tfn .
fTds lj) [;+)] ksf] k|dvtf ePsf] koSt . tf gf) kfTds xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf . kfGt
+)] csf]{ kdf n}hfg] jf pNYofpg] sfd csf]{ k leGg k . > kfGt0f gf) != kfGt xg]
{ sfd sg} j:tsf] Ps kaf6 csf]{ kdf Ps cj:yfaf6 csf]{ cj:yfdf ulg] kljt{g . @= cgj
Nyf . kfGtlt lj) [;+)] kfGt ePsf] jf ulPsf] k km]lPsf] . ~ efiff lj1fg gf) rD:sL
ifflj1fgsf] Ps cTofwlgs klkf6L . kfdSvL gf) x]) ?kfdSvL . kfog gf) [;+)] zAbsf] kfjn
tof ug]{ k|lqmof ln, jrg, k?if, sfs, sfn, kIf, jfRo, efj cflb Jofs0ffTds cy{ lbg] k
|Tooff zAbsf ljleGg kxsf] rgf Ogn]S;g . kflot lj) [;+)] != kfog k|lqmof ePsf] . @
k|Too cflb ufFl;P gofF k lnPsf] . kfjnL gf) [;+)] Pp6} zAbsf PseGbf a9L kxsf] ;d"x .
;] gf) x]) ?kf;] . lk0fL lj) [;+)] != k ePsL kjtL ;GbL @= ;dfg ksL ;b[z (:qL) .
)] zAbsf] n3td, cljefHo ;fy{s PsfO . kL lj) [;+)] !+ csf] k lnPsf] xf] ls eg]h:tf]
fL cjtfL . @= fd|f] nfUg] ;Gb . Kd gf) [;+)] != rfFbL . @= rfFbLsf] db|f (?lkofF,
;sL cflb) . lj) #= fd|f] ;Gb . > Kds gf) ?lkofF . ]! gf) [;+)] != ;\uLtsf ;ft :
u d k w lg) dWo] Ps Cife :jsf] lrXg . @= lgDg >]0fL dflgPsf]

]vf]/]of]g kfqxsf] :yfkgfsf nflu cla, kL7f] cflbn] agfOg] lrqd08n . @= ;fgf] jf dl;g
 ]vf wsf]{ . ]vf] gf) [;+) ]vf] ;fgf] ;]tf] 6qmf] 8f]f] wsf]{ . kfvf] gf) jlk
jf km}lnPsf] yk|} kfvf] hUuf . ]lu:tfg gf) [kmf)] d?e"ld . ]rs gf) [;+)] != lb;f n
ufpg] jf kvfnf ufpg] sfd hnfkm . @= lb;f nufpg] cf}ifwL . #= k|f0ffofd ubf{ ;f; l
a:tf} lgsfNg] ljlw . $= sg} kbfy{df ldl;Psf] vfa tjnfO{ k[ys\ kfg]{ k|lqmof . lj) %=
lb;f nufpg] kvfnf ufpg] . ]rsL gf) [kmf) ]huL] k|foM Psk};b ] l] v kRrL;k};; ] Ddsf]
rfgrg] l;Ssf rfgrg vbf | . ]rg gf) [;+)] != lb;f nufpg] sfd jf To;sf nflu vfOg]
cf}ifwL . @= sg} kbfy{nfO{ zf]wg ug]{ sfd . #= k|f0ffofd ubf{ leq tfg]sf] Zjf; af
lx lgsfNg] k|lqmof . ]rGsf gf) cFl8sf] ;d"xdf kg]{, kmndf u|lGy f}F ePsf] Ps hftsf]
g:klt . ]lrt lj) [;+)] != ]rglqmofff aflx lgsflnPsf] hnfkm ulPsf] . gf) @= g[Todf
efp nfpg] Ps k|sf . #= 3f]8fsf] Ps rfn . ]hufL]huL gf) [kmf) ]huL] ]rsL . ]hf gf
sg} n]v, ;"rL, gfdfjnL cflbdf 5flgPsf] jf cfjZos 7fpFdf nfOg] ljz]if lrg () . ]lh8
]G6 gf) [c\)] != cfgf] b]zsf] k|ltlglw eP csf]{ b]zdf uO{ a:g] fhsd{rfL . @= lgjf;L
;Gbf . ]lhd]G6 gf) [c\)] != ;]gfsf] sDkgLeGbf 7"nf] ;d"x u0f . lj) @= ePesf] llhdG6
0f{ . ]6 \ g! c) lqm) []t \ g] != sf}FtLn] sf6]h:t} uL sf6\g ;]g{ . @= cnfO{ d
]{ lsl;dn] jf s;] df]n lng . #= sg} wflnf] ;fwgn] csf]{ sg} j:tdf 3f]6g \  . $= ;
f\uL, a]nf cflb tfafhf ahfpgsf lglDt uhfn] 3f]6\g . ]6g \ @  gf) u|fxs, c;fdL, df]
xL cflbnfO{ ]6] jf s;] sd lng] JolSt ]6fxf dflg; (pbf) ;flxFnf] ;fx"h:tf] ]6\g t o
pFdf c sf]xL klg 5}gg\) . ]6 gf) [c\)] efp b . ]6fO gf) [ ]6\ ( cfO)] ]6\g] sfd
> ] ]6fOg s) lqm) ]6\g nfOg ;]fOg . ]6fpg k|) ] lqm) ]6\g nfpg ;]fpg . ]6
] jf s:g] :jefjsf] rOofF . ]l6g s) lqm) ]6\g] sfd ulg ;]lg . ]6L]6L]6 ] 6
{P (l))] ]6g \ ] jf sf6\g] sfd sf6Lsf6L (k|foM afnaf]nLdf) . ]8qm; gf) [c\)] ljz]ift
4, k|fs[lts ;\s6 jf b36 { gf cflbsf ;dodf hg;]jfsf] sfd ug]{ Ps cGtf{li6o ;+:yf
1084

;f]xL p2]Zon] zfvf jf ;\u7gsf ksf sg} b]zdf :yflkt ;~rflnt lgsfo ;]jf;+:yfg . ]l8P6
[c\)] OlGhgnfO{ lr;f] kfg{ kfgL bf}8fpg] hfnLbf pks0f . ]l8od gf) [c\)] Ps lsl;dsf] k
sfzdo axdN " o vlgh wft . ]l8of] gf) [c\)] != tfsf] ;DaGw geO{sg} lahnLsf] ;xfotff
6f9f6f9fsf zAb u|x0f ug]{ tyf va cflbsf] k|;f0f ug]{ k|l;4 oGq . @= PS;]ff lrq lvRg]
oGq . ~ gf6s gf) ]l8of]ff k|;flt xg] gf6s Wjlggf6s . ~ jftf{ gf) != ]l8of]ff k|
]lvPsf] sg} Ps k|;\udf cfwflt n]v . @= ]l8of]df k|;flt ug{ lbOg] jf lnOg] cGtjf{tf{ .
> ]l8of]nhL gf) PS;]sf] kmf]6f]sf cfwfdf f]usf] lgbfg ug]{ lj1fg . ]0f gf) [;+)]
w"nfsf] dl;g s0f r"0f{ . @= afnjf . #= k"mnsf] kfu . > ]0fsf gf) != afnjf . @=
dl;g s0f w"nf] . ]t \ g ;) lqm) []t \ g] ]t nfpg /]tn] vs{g sFb\g . ]t g
!= sf7, wft cflbnfO{ dl;g w"nf] cfpg] u/]/ vs{g] k|l;4 Hofan /]Tg] cf}hf/ . @
= afnjf . ]tfO gf) [ ]t\ ( cfO)] ]Tg] lqmof jf k|lqmof [ > ] ]tfOg s) lqm) ]Tg n
tfpg k|]) lqm) ]Tg nfpg . ]ltg s) lqm) ]Tg] sfd ulg . ]ltnf] lj) []t Onf] !=
wf ePsf] . @= anf}6] . ]tL gf) []t O{] sf7kftsf] sfddf sf}FtLn] sf6]sf] efu ;Dd ldnfP
a6 dfg]{ r]K6f] jf uf]nf] Hofan . ]Gr gf) [c\) ]Gr] k]r, l9d|L cflb s:g] dv ePsf]
jf Kjfn k]sf] Hofan . ]Gh gf) [c\)] != sg} bO{ :yfg jf k\lQmsf] cGtfn b"L . @= e"
ljifd wftnnfO{ ;\s]t ulg] efu jf 7fpF . > ]Gh gf) != jgau}r F fsf] Iff ug]{ JolSt j
o:tf] sfd ug]{sf] Ps kb . @= jgIfs . ]km! gf) [;+)] cIfsf yfKnfdf nufOg] xnGt sf ( {
lrXg (h:t} k"0f{, jif{, x{ O)) . ]km@ gf) [km]a] != e"m6f] bf]ifff]k0f km]a . @=
Uo 3Rsf . (pbf) ltdL lagl;lQ cnfO{ s]sf] ]km nfpF5f}F ) ]kmL gf) [c\)] d}bfgdf v]n
Pkl5 To;sf] ;~rfng tyf cfjZos lg0f{o ug{ lgoSt JolSt . ]kmLejg gf) [;+)] zAbleqsf
sg} j0f{ ]kmdf kljlt{t xg] sfd (h:t} fbz > afx|, Psfbz > P3fx| O)) . ]of]g gf) s[l
zfff tof kflPsf] Ps k|sfsf] sk8f .

1085

/]n\gf]s }tL gf) [c) }ot] != sg} b]zsf] e"efudf 3hd uL a:g] dflg; k|hf blgofF
f]6f eof baf alnof] xGof 5 . lbJo)) . @= csf] hUuf sdfpg] JolSt df]xL (pbf) Tof] sfhL
] }tLnfO{ tx nfP vfg ;s]g) . blgof gf) b]zsf ;fwf0f ls;fg c lgjf;L . > }t]nf]
]sf] JolSt }tfgsf] afl;Gbf . }yfg] lj) [x:yfg] != sg} 7fpFsf] klxn]bl] vsf] jf k'fg
l;Gbf cflbjf;L . @= 7fn' >]i7 . gf) #= :yfgklt If]qkfn . /}g! gf) [;+) ]0f'] Hofb} ;f
gf] s0f ]0f' w"nf] 5ff] . }g@ gf) [lx) ;+) hgL] ft jf ftLsf] lj>fd, h:tf] }ga;]
GbL! gf) [;+) ]vfaGwO{] != afaL ulPsf] efu bfdf;fxL Psgf;sf] aG8f . @= s jf d"No
g] sfd . }aGbL@ gf) [c) }otkmf) aGb] != }tLsf gfpFdf hUufhldg btf{ ug]{ sfd jf To:tf]
btf{ ulPsf] hUufsf] dfnkf]t btf{jfn }tLn] g} a'emfpg] Joj:yf . @= Lltlylt . }af] gf)
[}afP] dWoklZrd ;'b " klZrd g]kfndf ;Drf cy{df k|o'St va Nofpg]n}hfg] dflg; va
g]{ dfG5] ;dfrfjfxs ;Gb]zb"t xnsff . }d gf) != ljleGg j:t Ps} 7fpFdf kfg]{ jf ldnf
fd 5f;ld; ;f] a . @= x F 8 Ng] sfd kmfF 8 \ g ] sfd gfd]6 . }ot gf) [c)] }tLxs
lgofF . (pbf) ;ff }otsf] k|;Gg dg ef] ===== . efgeQm cfrfo{) > }otL lj) }otl;t ;Da
t }otsf] . }of gf) != afnfsf 5fF6sf], aflxL efudf r'Rrf]rRrf] sfF8f lgsflnPsf], gf8
nufOg] rfFbLsf] afnf . (klZrddf k|foM du hfltsf :qLxn] }ofF nufpg] u5{g\ .) @= law
jLn] nufpg] wftsf] rL . }sd gf) [(l)) sd] sdsnd . f]O gf) [? cf]O] ?g] sfd . ~
?g] sfpg] sfd cnfkljnfk ?jfaf;L . @= bMvksff . f]Onf gf) [?jfgL (duft k|bz ] )]
df cf7 jf afx| dfqf xg] Ps k|sfsf] r8\s] nf]suLt . f]s\g ;) lqm) [;+) ?w\ g] != eO
]sf] sg} sfdsf] aLr}df 5f]8\g :ylut ug{ f]Ssf ug{ . @= xg nfu]sf] sfdsf xg glb
taGw nufpg lgif]w ug{ dgfxL ug{ . #= efFhL xfNg 5]Sg, yGg . $= ;jfL;fwg cflbn
fO{ c8fpg cufl8 hfg glbg yfDg . f]s gf) [f]s\ c] != f]Sg] sfd f]Ssf f]sfj6 k
xL lgif]w . 6f]s gf) != f]Ssf ug]{, x8\sg] sfd

]n \ g ;) lqm) []nf] g] != sg} j:t cfjZostfeGbf a];L xfNg cf]Olg . @= hyfefaL;F
vr{ ug{ x]Ng . #= sg} j:t jf sfnfO{ ;s];Dd 3r]6g \  7]Ng . ]n gf) [c\) ]nj
jfikzlStff lnsdf u8] rNg], yk}| dflg; c6fpg] ;jfL ]nj] . uf8L gf) ]n . dfu{
kmnfdsf] af6f] . j] ]ndfu{ ]n . ]nfO gf) [ ]n\ ( cfO)] ]Ng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
g s) lqm) ]Ng nfOg . ]nfpg k|) ] lqm) ]Ng nfpg . ]ln gf) [c\) ]ln\u] afb{nL
flbdf nufOg] lu|n jf 8G8Lxsf] 5]saf . ]lng s) lqm) []n\ O g] ]Ng] sfd ulg . ]nf]
]Nn] != rflxPeGbf a9L g} xg vf]h]sf] 5]nf]v]nf] dgUo . @= ]Ng;Dd ]lnPsf] k|z:t vlr
Psf] . gf) f;sf f; ykf| y ] k  f| ] . $= dflg;xsf] vrfvr 3Or F f] eL8 . v]nf] l
nf]v]nf] . ]jtL gf) [;+)] != ;QfO; gIfqdWo]sf] cflvL gIfq . @= anfdsL kTgLsf] gfd . ]
;d gf) [kmf) ]zd] Ps k|sfsf] sLfaf6 lg:sg], alnof], 6nsbf tGt jf wfuf] ~ sfut gf) ef
cflb b]zlt g]kfnL sfutnfO{ elgg] gfd g]kfnL sfut . bf lj) ];dh:tf] ];dsf 9fFrfsf]
lj) ];dn] ag]sf] ];dsf] . ];f gf) [kmf) ]z] af]6la?jfsf 8fF7kft jf hLjsf zLdf x
. bf lj) ];f ePsf] ];fh:tf] . ]:6f gf) [k|mf)] hnkfg ug]{ 7fpF jf k;n rd]gf3
;
' u \ f gf) g]kfn clwfHosf] u'NdL lhNnfdf kg],{ Cioz[
u \ Clifn] tk:of ulPsf] egL k|
l;4 :yfg jf cf>d . }s gf) [}tLs] c s;}sf] cwLgdf gePsf], }tL cfkm}Fn] ;sfdf ltf]
Uuf ltf] jf afnL txl;n ug]{ uL ;sfff }tLnfO{ sdfpg lbPsf] hUuf fhu'7L ;sfL ln
f] k|ToIf kdf x]sf] u}x| hUuf . }sf}r + gf) df; cflbsf] kL7f]df xlof ;fukftsf TofGb
f;d]t ldnfO{ d:of}fh:t} uL 3fddf ;'sfP agfOg] tsfLljz]if (tfO{If]qdf k|rlnt) . }lqmo
) [xLlqmof] sf0fjz d]sf] ftkl5 l9sf] p7fOg] l9sfsf] sfd Psb'O{ lbgd} ;sL ulg] l
qmof . }tfg gf) [}tLcfg] != }tL jf df]xLxsf] ;d"x . @= b'lgofF (lbJo)) . > }tfgL g
}tfgsf] sfd ls;fgL . lj) @= }tfg;DaGwL }tfgsf] . #= }tL;DaGwL }tLsf] .

/f]s8f]hL k|ltaGw dgfxL . @= lgif]w ug{sf nflu ulg] ;f]wk'5 . F L . @= wf}6 f]s8 gf
)] != gub ?lkofF wg k'h gf;f] . ~ axL gf) k|ltlbgsf] lx;falstfa n]lvg] axL . ~ afsL g
f) cfDbfgLvr{sf] hf]836fpkl5 aRg] f]s8 jf gub wg . f]syfd gf) [f]s \ yfd\] sg} sfdsf
{nfO{ f]Sg]c8fpg] sfd jf k|oTg . f]sl; gf) [f]s l;] un}r F f aGg] rf}sf];sf] leq t
gL wfuf] cflb cNemfpg flvg] un}r F f algFb} hfg] 8G8L jf nL . f]sfO gf) [f]s\ (cfO)
Sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] f]sfOg s) lqm) f]Sg nfOg . f]sfpg k|]) lqm) f]Sg
fpg . f]sff]s gf) k:kdf f]Sg] sfd 5]sf5]s . f]lsg s) lqm) f]Sg] sfd ul/g yfld
f) f]Sg] sfd f]Ssf dgfxL x6s k|ltaGw . f]sfxf lj) f]s nufpg] f]Sg] . f]Ssf gf)
jf aGb]h nufpg] sfd f]sfj6 . ~ khL{ gf) sg} eOx]sf] sfdsfafO{ sfggljkLt ePdf jf To
6 xflggf]S;fgL xg] ePdf To;sf] rng jf pkef]u f]Sgsf nflu ;DalGwt ;sfL cfaf6 n]lvg]
khL{ f]sfj6khL{ . f]vkf]v gf) != hUufhldg cflbsf] pAhgL xg]gxg], c;nvfa cflb 5f
ldnfpg] sfd . @= ;fkf]gfkf] ;b . f]u gf) [;+)] zL c:j:y xg] zfLls ljsf Joyf
f]u nfu]sf] f]uL . f]ug gf) [kmf) f}ug] sg} j:t fd|f] kfg{ jf 6Nsfpgsf lglDt n]kg
n]l;nf] j:t Fufpg] kbfy{ kfln; . bf lj) != f]ug ulPsf] . @= rlDsnf] . f]u gfzs
s] k|ltf]ws zlStsf] pTkfbg uL f]unfO{ gfz kfg]{ j:t . f]u k|ltsf gf) [;+)] sg} klg
fO{ f]syfd ug]{ sfd . f]ufO gf) [ f]ufp ( cfO)] f]ufpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [>] f]ufO
lqm) f]uL xf]Og . f]ufpg c) ls) [f]u cfp g] != f]u nfUg lafdL kg{ . @= lgs} lb
xg ylng . f]ufxf lj) [f]u cfxf] f]u nfluxg] jf lafdL eOxg] bL3{ f]uL . :qL) f
L/f]lugL gf) [;+)] f]uLsf] :qL k :qL f]uL f]uL cfOdfO{ . f]uL lj) [;+)] != f]u n
afdL . @= ;w}Fh;f] lafdL xg] Ps g Ps f]u nfu]sf] . vfgf gf) f]uLxnfO{ fv] pkrf
lg] 3 . > f]Uofxf
1086

lj) f]u nfluxg] bL3{ f]uL . :qL) f]UofxL . f] gf) [ef]) a)] n]Krf hfltn] af]Ng] e
uf] gf) n]Krf hfltsf] Ps y . ~ lnlk lrlgofF cIf n]lvg] lnlk . f]rs lj) [;+)] != ?lr
g] rfvnfUbf] cfsif{s . @= lbn axnfpg] dgf]~hs . #= ?lr jf ef]s hufpg] ?Rg] . f]rgf g
[;+)] != sg} d\unsfo{df b]jtfnfO{ r9fOg] clah:tf] ftf] r"0f{ f]L rgf . @= zf]ef a9
t . f]rf gf) lasf]{;d]t ePsf] tfdfsf] 7"nf] ufu|L . > f]r] gf) xftdv wFbf kfgL x
flng] Ps k|sfsf] efF8f] . f]h\g ;) lqm) [;+) f]rg g] != cfk"mnfO{ rflxPsf] jf dg k]
sf] 5fg] lng . @= sg} j:t cfk"mn] fd|f] dfGg jf dg kfpg . #= sg} pd]bjfnfO{ r
jf{rg ug{ . $= j0f ug{ . f]h gf) [kmf)] != lbj; lbg . @= jf (k|foM lnvtsf sfutdf k|
of]u xFbf) . lqm) lj) #= k|ltlbg lbgxF lgTo . f]h lqm) lj) lbgsf lbg lbg}lkR5] . (
bf) f]h\f]h\ bz{g kfpF5" r0fsf] tfk\ 5}g dGdf s5" . efgeQm .) f]huf lj) f]hufL u
L OndL (ljk) a]/f]huf) . > f]hufL gf) [kmf)] hLljsf jf OndpBf]usf lglDt ulg] sg} sf
dwGbf Joj;fo k];f . f]hgfdrf gf) [kmf) f]hgfdrf] != f]hf]h ePsf sfd sfsf] l6kf]6
= lbglbg}sf] lx;fa jf cfDbfgLvr{ l6lkPsf] axL . f]hgfdf lj) [ f]hgfdrf] lbglbgdf ePs
f sfdsf jf ltgsf] l6kf]6 . f]hf! lj) [f]h\ cf] ePsfdWo] jf w]}df ;a}eGbf fd|f] f]H
f al9of . f]hf@ gf) [kmf) f]hf] d;ndfgxn] dhfg gfpFsf] j|t ljwfgcg;f lbgel s]xL g
a:g] pkjf; jf j|t . f]hfO gf) [ f]h\ ( cfO)] f]Hg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] f]hf
s) lqm) f]Hg nfOg . f]hfpg k|) ] lqm) f]Hg jf 5fGg nfpg . f]hfgf lj) [kmf) f]h
!= lbglbgsf] b}lgs . (pbf) tkfO{Fsf] f]hfgf vr{ slt 5 <) lqm) lj) @= xf]h k|ltlbg lg
. gf) #= b}lgs lx;fan] ;w}F kfOg] j]tg jf kfl>lds . f]lhg s) lqm) [f]h\ O g] f]Hg] s
ulg 5flgg . f]lhGbf lqm) lj) [f]h OGbf] != lbgsf lbg lbgxF . @= ;w}Fel lgTo . (p
]lhGbf oxfF cfpg] u5{g\ .) f]hL! gf) [kmf)] k]6kfnf] ug]{ ;fwg hLljsf . f]hL@ lj) [f]
\ O{] != cfk"mnfO{ dg k]sf] f]ha ] df]lhdsf] . @= f]h]sf] 5fg]sf] . ~ 5f8L gf) != w]
fd|f]fd|f] jf

1087

f]6f]dxif{ af]6la?jf cflb nfpg . $= zLdf tLvf] xltof 3;fg{ f]Kg 3f]Rg . f]k
!= af]6la?jf nfpg] jf f]Kg] sfd . @= f]sfj6 f]s . f]ksf/ gf)x]) /f]asf/ . f]k s]an
) [c\)] f]kj]sf] Soflo c8\g] tf . f]k0f gf) [;+)] != v]tafL cflbdf af]6la?jfx nufp
. @= :yfkgf ug]{ sfd . #= 3f]Rg] sfd 3f]kfO . f]kg gf) [;+) f]k0f] != ljjfxsfo{df cf
OdfO{n] kfgLdf kL7f] d5] xfNg] ]vL . @= f]k0f . ~ v]tL gf) aLp (a]gf{) f]k] ulg] v]
fg, sf]bf] cflbsf] v]tL . 6 f]kgL gf) [;+) f]kl0fs > f]klgs] != %,$&^ ju{km hldgsf]
gfkf] rf dL df6fsf] kldf0f . @= f]Kg] sfd . f]knfOg gf) [c\)] dfn;fdfg kmNofs, af
lbdf fvL Nofpg n}hfg 6fFluPsf] lahnLsf] ;xfotfn] rNg] kmnfd] tfn] ag]sf] df]6f]
8f]L f]kj] Hhdfu{ . f]kj] gf) [c\)] f]knfOg Hhdfu{ . f]kfO gf) [f]k\cfOF]
] sfd . ~ hfqf f]kfOFdf ulg] gfrufg, Vofn7f cflbsf] ldtf lxn]hfqf . f]kff]kfxf
]tdf wfgsf] aLp f]Kg] v]tfnf (k|foM :qLx) . f]kj ' f lj) [f]k\pjf] Aof8df pd|]sf] aLp
pv]n] km]l f]k]sf] (wfg, km;L{, sfFqmf], ;fukft cflbsf] af]6) . f]kf] gf) [f]k\cf]]
sf wfg sf]bfsf] aLp g;k|];Ddsf] af]6 . f]a gf) [c) ?ca] != a9\tf jf kmf];|f] vfnsf
] 9fFrf afkm wfs . @= k|tfk t]h . f]asf gf) [kmf) asf] != cfsf ;fdGg] sg} sf
O{ yL emul8ofnfO{ ;Fu} fvL ulg] sg} sfd f]ksf . @= f]xa ;fIffTsf . f]abf lj)
sf] . (pbf) xl dflg; t lgs} f]abf x]5g\ .) f]a jfkm gf) [f]a jfkm] wfs 9fFrfsfF
! gf) [c\)] of]k dxfb]zdf kg]{ O6fnL b]zsf] fhwfgL . f]d@ gf) [;+)] != s]z f}F (vf
fpsfb]lv afx]s zLsf cGo efusf]) . @= KjfFv eTnf . s"k gf) 5fnfdf /f}x F pd|s ] f 7
pFdf xg] dl;gf Kjfn . f gf) f]dsk . f]dg lj) [c\)] != k|frLg f]d (d) b]z jf gu
k|frLg f]d b]zsf] afl;Gbf . #= c\u]hL cflb ljleGg of]k]nL efiff n]lvg] Ps lnlk . f
]dxif{ gf) [;+)] f}Ff}Fko{Gt knlst xg] cj:yf f]df~r

dg k]sf] lng] c 5f]8\g] sfd f]Hg] 5f8\g] sfd . lj) @= eg]h:tf] dgUu] . f]6 gf) [
= uf]vgfy, e}j, b]jL cflbnfO{ ef]u nufOg] ljz]if k|sfs]f 7"nf] f]6L . @= 7"nf] afSnf
] vfnsf] f]6L . | ] 3de ] m}F 3Dg] ysf] rSsfem}F f]6L lj) [c\)] ysf] kf\uf 3Dg]
a gf) != 3dGt] Sna . @= f]6L OG6Gof;gn gfds cGtf{li6o ;+:yfsf dftxtdf Joj;foL tyf Jo
kfLxn] ;fdflhs ;]jf ;wfg]{ fi6fi6aLrsf] ] gf) ;dembfL a9fpg] p2]Zon] vf]n]sf]
k|; ;dfrfkq 5fKg], k6fpg], sl6 ug]{ ljt0ff]kof]uL;d]t kfg]{ eLdsfo db0 | foGq . f]
f gf) [f]6f]sf] a) j) jf lt) )] x]) f]6f] . f]6L gf) ;fgf7"nf f]6Lsf] ;d"x f]6
f]O, cfgf] t f]6ff]6L vfFb}df lbg laTg] ef] ) f]6L gf) [;+) f]l6sf] != kL7f] d5L o
a]n ] km;|} cyjf lrNnf]df ksfOPsf] vfg]s f] . @= ;]nkL cflb ld7fO{ . #= hLjgj[lQ
hLljsf . f]6 ] lj) [f]6f] P]] != f]6f]h:tf] f]6fsf lsl;dsf] . @= pFef] hfg] jf 3Dg]
sldnf] gf) s8f lrNg], sDd ;fgf] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] 5fxf sldnf] . ~ lk gf) bO{ vfFafdf
xflnPsf], anfdf dflg; a:g] af;lxtsf] kmn}r F f xg,] cn] tndfly kmgkmgL 3dfOlbP dl
Rrg] tyf v]lng] lk, rv]l{ k f]xf]6]lk . f]6f] gf) != kftdf kL7f] kyf] kft}n] 5f]kL
9u \ f, eu \ f | ] cflbdf xfn] jf tfjf, 9u \ fxd} pSsfpgsf lglDt clncln lrNnf] xfn
] kL7f] kyfL ksfOg] vfg]sf] afSnf] 7"nf] f]6L . @= afa . #= f]6Lh:t} eP hd]sf] sg
]8f gf) [;+) nf]i6] ;8sdf la5fpg] jf 39nfg cflb sfddf pkof]u ul/g] sl6Psf OF69\ufsf
dl;gf 6qmf s\lqm6 . > f]8fO gf) f]8f la5fpg] jf f]8fnfO{ l;d]G6 afn'jfdf 3f]n]
fd . f]bL gf) [u')] != ljz]iftM u'?
hfltdf k|rlnt, ftL lglZrt 7fpFdf l67fl76Lx e]nf eP
uLt ufpg], Vofn7f ug]{ cflb dgf]~hs sfo{qmd . @= wfg sf6\g] a]nfdf gfrufg uL dgfOg]
Ps pT;j . ~ 3 gf) f]bL a:g jf pT;j dgfpgsf lglDt tf]lsPsf] 3 jf ynf] . f]ws lj) [;+)
5]sy'g ug]{ f]Sg] . f]wg gf) [;+)] f]Sg] jf 5]Sg]yGg] sfd, cjf]w k|ltaGw . f]k
m) [;+) f]k g] != wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] aLp Aof8af6 pv]n] v]t jf afLdf nfpg . @= 5lg]
vfnsf ;a} aLp hldgdf uf8\g aLp 5g{ . #= sg} 7fpFdf gofF

f]df~rf}tn ] f kns > f]dxif{s lj) f]dxif{ k}bf ug]{ . f]dxif{0f gf) != xif{, eo,
cflbn] zLsf f}Fx klg 7f8f7f8f xg] l:ylt f]df~r xg] sfd . @= kf0fk|l;4 Ps Clif . l
#= b]Vt}df eo\s eLif0f . f]df~r gf) [;+)] xif{, eo, zf]s cflbn] zL h?\ eO{ f}x F
n jf cj:yf f]dxif{0f . > f]dfl~rt lj) f]df~r ePsf] knlst . f]dflG6s lj) [c\)] !=
tM JolSt jf sNkgfk|wfg efje"ld tyf ;flxlTos z}nL ePsf] @= f]dfG;;DaGwL . f]dfG; gf)
[c\)] != pT;fx, sNkgf efjstfk|wfg sfo{, ljrf jf cfr0f . @= efjstfk|wfg k|]d . #=
sNkgfk|wfg cfbz{jfbL syf . f]dfjlnf]dfjnL gf) [;+)] != f}x F sf] k\lQm . @= gfO6f]b
v dfl:tsf] 7f8f f}Fsf] nx . f]ldn lj) [;+)] != f}Fn] 9flsPsf] . @= em;}em;n] JofKt
(pbf) slxn] z:odf eGy] z}n f]ldn dfwL n) k|) b]jsf]6f, ;nf]rgf .) . f]L gf) [;+
df\ulns sfo{ljz]ifdf k|of]u ulg] 6Lsf nufOg] clah:tf] ftf] w"nf] f]rgf l;ld|s .
[;+) f]bg] sg} g sg} lgxF lems] f]Oxg] ?g] :jefjsf] ?Gr] lkGr] . > f]ofO gf)
F kf] s]6fs]6L f]Oxg] sfd f]] x'g] rfn ?Gr]kg . f]n gf) [c
\)] != hflubfxsf] d
\g] kfnf] pGgltqmd . @= qmd gDa . bf lj) f]n kfpg] f]njfnf . f]n\g ;) lqm) !=
w"nf]kL7f] kfg{ klxf] nfpg . @= sg} sfo{df dgUu] vr{ ug{ ]Ng . f]n gf) [c\)]
f]f]h:tf] k]Ng], kyfg]{ cflb sfd lnOg] ;fwg a]ng . @= db|0f xg] ;fdu|Ldf d;L bNg
] pks0fljz]if . f]nfO gf) [ f]n\ ( cfO)] f]Ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] f]nfOg s)
g nfOg . f]nfpg k|]) lqm) f]Ng nfpg . f]lng s) lqm) != klxf] nfOg k]lng . c) l
@= klxf] hfg jf eTsg . f]Nkf gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfn clwfHosf] fktL c~rndf kg]{ pQL e]
sf] Ps kxf8L lhNnf . f]NofO gf) [f]lnofOF] f]lng] rfn f]lng] cj:yf . f]NofO gf) [
ng] lqmof jf k|lqmof . f]Njfln
gf) [ef]) a)] g]kfnsf] k"jL{ efudf kg]{ ljleGg lzvdWo
] Ps lzv uf}Lz
\s ePsf] lxdfnsf] Ps f[
v \ nf . f]if gf) [;+)] != l;sf] cfj]u qmf]
. @= l; qmf]w . #= hf]; .
1088

f];d gf) [kmf) f]lhg] != Ond pBf]u k];f . @= cEof; cfbt . #= hfgsfL 1fg . $= f];dd
(pbf) s:n]sf] /f];d :jlt eof] . n) k|) b]jsf]6f, ;'nf]rgf .) ~ d'xfnL gf s:n]xn]
f ahfpg] sf7 vf]k] agfOPsf] ;f]emf] 7f8f] afhf s:n] afhf . f]:6 gf) [c
\)] l;
\u} s
] laNg] uL agfOg] vfB kbfy{ . f]x gf) [kmf) fx] != sg} sfd sfsf] gLltlgod jf ljlw
sfdsf] l;nl;nf sfo{qmd . f]x0f gf) [;+)] != r9\g] sfd r9fO . @= c
\sl t x'g] sfd pd|
. f]xa lqm) lj) [kmf) a] != clulNt ;fdGg] ;dIf . (pbf) clxn];Dd cfdf emul8ofsf]
}g .) > f]xaL gf) f]xa . f]lx0fL gf) [;+)] != ;QfO; gIfqdWo] rf}yf] gIfq . @= rGb|d
:qLsf] gfd . #= ufO{ . $= lahnL . %= 8Nnf dfnfsf kft xg], kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg], f
tf u|lGy f}+n] 9flsPsf] kmn nfUg], efFRtf b"w lg:sg] Ps hftsf] ;bfaxf v . f]lxt gf)
;+)] != uf9f jf r9]sf] ftf] . @= ut St . #= ufF;sf] k"mn . $= tjf d[u . %= Ps h
;n vfnsf] df5f] f]x . ^= kf0fk|l;4 fhf xlZrGb|sf 5f]fsf] gfd . lj) &= r9\bf] ftf]
]lxt . f]xL lj) [;+)] != r9\g] jf pSng] cjf]x0f ug]{ (cZjff]xL, kj{tff]xL O)) . @= a
v j6j[If . f]x  gf) [;+) f]lxif] 7"nf] c;n hftsf] df5f]ljz]if . f]xf] gf)[ f]x]
sfsf] 7Ls d];f] ldn]sf] 9fFrf f]x . f]xf]6 ] lj) [f]xf]6f] P] != f]xf]6f] ePsf] . @
hfg] f]6] . gf) #= Ps hftsf] ss{nf]ljzi]f . ~ sldnf] gf) x]) f]6 ] sldnf] . ~ lk gf
]) f]6]lk . f]xf]6f] gf) [k|f) cx6] kfgL hd]sf] ;fgf] vfN6f] ;fgf]ltgf] kf]vL . f}
f]d] != hLpdf pd|g] k|foM sfnf] ldlxg ;"qh:tf] j:t'ljz]if pF f]d s]z . lrf lj)
]eL w'tff] s06s . sg} klg j:t'sf] leqL efu;Dd vf]tnvftn ug]{ :jefj ePsf] . hf gf)
hf jf zfvf hfaf6 lg:s]sf ldxL hf dl;gf wfu] hf . ] f] f}b fnf] gf) [;+) ?Gwgcfnf]
sf;ljgf vfFlbP 3'ds kfgLsf] en jf k|jfx . @= sfdsf] d]nf]d; ] f] xfPsf] cj:yf . f}b
L gf) [g]=] dxfdfL f]u . f} k|df0f gf) [f}Fk|df0f] ;fx|} sDtL kldf0f cToGt yf]
]nf gf) [f}t]nf]cf] fhfsf] pQflwsfL o'jfh .

1089

f}tn ] LjfDd ofof lqm) lj) [c) d") ofF (l))] ofOFofOF . ofOofO lqm) lj) [c
a]nf cflb tfafhfx ahfpFbf cfjfh cfpg] rfnn] ofFofF . @= sf}FtLn] sf7 lrbf{ 3, hfFt
lb 3'Dbf zAb lg:s] h:t} uL . ofs gf) [c
\)] sf7sf kmNofs, kmnfd jf l:6nsf kftfn] agfO
Psf] k':ts cflb ;;fdfg fVg], vfkf gePsf] v'nf v08] bfh . ofvofv lqm) lj) [c) d") ofv
)] a];dfL xsfg]{ jf emkfg]{ rfnn] . > ofvofvtLofvofvL lqm) lj) cem l56f] ofvofv x
of
7f
gf) [c) d")] != 6fs6'Ss ldNg] sg} sfdsf] tftDo 7Ls7fs . @= k:kdf fo ldN
) lj) [c) d") of
\ (l))] != leqL efu htftt} v'nf 5f]8\g] uL . gf) @= To:tf] v'nf 5f]8
\g] sfd jf rfn . > of
of
tL lqm) lj) ;f; hfg x'g] uL 3sf] leqL efu v'nf xg] uL . g
fn . ofnL gf) [c
\)] sg} k|bz{g jf pT;jsf b[li6n] 3'Dg] dflg; cflbsf] ;d"x e]nf hd36
bf) cl:t sf7df8f}d F f dfgjclwsf/jfbLxsf] ofnL ePsf] lyof] .) ofn] lj) [ofnP] fn] .
qm) lj) [c) d") ofn\n] ofn jf sg} oflnFbf] kbfy{ lg:s]h:t} uL . jfOjfO lqm) lj)
(l))] 3, hfFtf] cflb 3'Dg] jf tL 3'dfpFbf dl;gf] tLvf] vfnsf] cfjfh cfpg] uL . jfDd
lqm) lj) [c) d") jfd\d] sg} sdnf] j:t'df tLvf] xltofn] a];L f]Kg] jf r'Rrf] uf8\g] rf
;Fu .

f}t]nL gf) f}t]nf] f}t]nL fhsdffhsdfL . f}t]nL gf) [lx) fjt PnL] fhsdfL
fhsdf sdf sFj . f}b | gf) [;+)] != cfnDag zq, p2Lkg zqsf] r]i6f, bf]if cflb,
sL xfGg cflb, ;~rfL efj cfFvf ftf kfg,{ cfj]u, ;]vL cflb :yfoL efj qmf]w xg,] ;
flxTosf gf} ;dWo] Ps ; . lj) @= ?b|;DaGwL ?b|sf] h:tf] . #= 8nfUbf] eo\s k|r08 l;
f) f}b| xg] cj:yf jf rfn k|r08tf pu|tf . f}gs gf) [c)] != rxnkxn xg] l:ylt rdsbds
nLldnL . @= ;f}Gbo{ zf]ef . f}Ko gf) [;+)] != rfFbL . lj) @= rfFbLaf6 ag]sf] rfFbLsf
] . f}j lj) [;+)] != 8nfUbf] eo\s . @= ?? gfdsf] d[usf 5fnfn] ag]sf] . gf) #= u?8k
jl0f{t PSsfO; dxfgsdWo] Ps gs . f}f gf) gfrufg l;sfpg] jf gfrufgsf] p7fg ug]{ dVo u
? jf u?cfdf . f}; gf) [ p;] s]xL sf kfpg, sg} sfdsf ug{ jf st} hfgsf lglDt xs{n]
f] dgsf] j]u xf}l;Psf] OR5f p; . > f};fO gf) f}l;g] sfd jf lsl;d . f};fOg s) lqm)
Og . f};fpg ;) lqm) f}; dfGg . f}l;g c) lqm) f}; dfGg . f}l;nL lj) f}; dfGg]
f}l;nf] lj) sg} sfdsfdf pT;fxk"js { cl3 ;g]{ f}; dfGg] (pbf) jL]h:tf] f}l;nf] s]
kfPsf]n] af6f] sf6\g ufx|f] ePg .) f}; ] lj) f}; ug]{ f}; ePsf] pT;fxL . f}:ofO gf)
pg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . f}:ofOg s) lqm) f}l;g nfOg . f}:ofpg k|) ] lqm) f}l;g] kfg
. f}:ofx6 gf) f}l;g]kg . f}:ofxf lj) f}; ug]{ (JolSt) l;s .

nnIffy{
1090

n
b]jgfu/L j0f{dfnfsf] cfO;f}F Jo~hgj0f{ ;+:s[t Jofs0fcg;f/ bGTo / g]kfnL pRrf0fcg;f
/ bGtd"nLo ;3f]if, cNkk|f0f, kflZj{s, Jo~hg n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{ jf Wjlgsf] k|ltlglwT
j ug]{ lnlklrXg xft efFRof] n . n@ lgkf) :jLs[lt, k|]0ff, pb]s, cfZro{, v]b, cfu|x
cflb hgfpFbf k|oQ  m xg] zAb . (pbf) n, lxhf]sf] h:t} u?Fnf . n, s:tf] gsfd eP5
. n, ca a] guf}F . ltdL e] l56} 3 hfpm n ) nu8f gf) [ n
\u8f ] != Ps hftsf] c;n cf
fpF . @= nFu8f]sf] lto{s\ k . nu8fO gf) [ nu8fp (cfO) ] nFu8fpg] sfd jf lsl;d . [>
Og' c) lqm) nFu8fpg] xf]Og' vf]RofOg' . nu8fpg' c) lqm) [nFu8f]cfpg' ] nFu8f] lxF8h
:t} rfnn] lxF8\g' vf]Rofpg' n]Rofpg' . nu8f] lj) [ n
\u8f] ] vf]RofP jf n]RofP lxF8
vFhfxf vf]G8f] . nuf] gf) [nxFufcf] ] O:6sf]6 O:sf]6 . nuf}l6of lj) [nFuf}6LOof ]
Nbf] Ps} bfFjnsf] . @= dg ldNg] . ~ of gf) afnssfnb]lvsf] dg ldNg] ;fyL afn;FuftL bf}
Ft . nuf}6L gf) [;+) ln
\uk6L ] sGwgLdf 3';f ] pk:y u'bf 5f]Kg] ;fgf] 7f8f] wf]t
nOg gf) [c
\) nfOg] k
\lQm jf >]0fL nfOg . ~ 5f]s8f gf) nOg5f]s8f] . ~ 5f]s8f] gf) ljb
zLxsf] ;xjf; jf ;;
\ut kfPsf] rgfvf] tyf vfOnfUbf] ePsf] l76f] . :qL) nOg5f]s8L . np
G7 gf) n]sdf x'g] jf kfOg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6ljz]if . ns8L gf) [;+) nu'8] != v sf6]sf]
7"nf] d'9f] jf sf7sf] nfdf] luF8 . @= afNg] sf7 bfpf] . nsks gf) [c) d") ] != nfh,
ws, qf; cflbn] af]nL nafpg] jf c:ki6 x'g] rfn s/f]sGyf] :ki6 gx'g] l:ylt . @= gftfut
jf /f]usf sf/0fn] lxF8\bf w/d/fpg] sfd . na/ x'g] cj:yf . > nsksfO gf) nsksfpg] s
fd jf lsl;d . nsksfOg' c) lqm) nsks xf]Og' . nsksfpg' c) lqm) ck"0f{ jf c:ki6 kn] a
f]Ng' nsks ug'{ csdsfpg' . nsksfx6 gf) nsksfpg] sfd, cj:yf jf lsl;d nsksfO . nsklsg'
c) lqm) nsksfpg' . nsksL gf) nsksfpg] sfd nsks . nsks] lj) nsks ug]{ nsksfpg] . nskS
ofO gf) nsklsg] sfd
n !

jf lsl;d . nskSofx6 gf) nsklsg] sfd, cj:yf jf lsl;d . nsld;g gf) [c\)] sfggcfof]u .
ns?jf [nSs8 pjf ] lgufn]lrtjf rLaf3 . nsjfnsjf gf) [c) ] ;Dk"0f{ c\u grNg] r]tgf
agfOlbg] f]uljz]if kIff3ft kIfjft nsjf . nsf;L gf) [g]jf) ] ofn9f]sfsf] vfkf cl8g]
fleq t];f]{ x]sf] sf7 . nsf gf) [;+)] bGTo:yfgaf6 pRrf0f ulg], cGtM:y j0f{sf] t];|f]
cIf n cIf . nls gf) [;+) ]vf ] nLh:tf] ;f]emf] 7f8f] wsf]{ ]vf w;f]{ . ns'gf g
tNnfkl bfFt kms]s { L 9f]O{ . ns'jf gf)x]) nsjf . nSs gf) [ns8L < ;+) nu'8 ] != ns8
L sf7 . @= k'?ifsf] hgg]lGb|o lzZg . nSsf gf) [c) ] != k'R5 lkmFhflPsf] Ps hftsf] k]j
efn] k]jf . @= afh kIfLsf] efn] . lj) #= d:t hjfg t?gf] nfos l76f] . ~ hjfg gf) nf7]
jf d:t o'js a}F;bf tGg]L . nSs' gf) [;+) nsp ] vK6fP xftel x'g] uL jf To;} flvPs
k};f cflbsf] t
\uL laG8L SofF6 . nSsljgfsf] wSs, d;nfljgfsf] kSs (pvfg) . nSvg\nSvf
fvg\nfvf}F] s}og\ nfv nfvg\ nfvf}F nSvf}F . nSv' gf) [g]jf) ] cDtg'{ . nIf gf) [;+)]
= ;o xhfsf] ;
\Vof nfv . @= lg;fg lrXg . lj) #= ;o xhf nfv . nIf0f gf) [;+)] != sg}
lrGg] jf yfxf kfpg] ljz]if lrXg jf u'0f klrfos lrXg nlR5g . @= klefiff . #= ;fd'lb|s
zf:qcg';f z'ecz'e atfpg] zLsf ljz]if lrXg . $= sg} 36gf, f]u cflb x'ge ' Gbf klxn] x
'g] ;
\st ] . %= pQd jf fd|f] u'0f . ^= 9fFrf 5fF6 rfnf . nIf0ff gf) [;+)] ;flxTodf ;f
dfGo cy{b]lv leGg ;DaGw jf clek|fonfO{ lnO{ csf]{ cy{ k|s6 ug]{ zAbsf] zlSt clew]
ofy{df afwf k]df l9 jf k|of]hgsf cfwfdf cy{ k|tLt ufpg] zAbzlSt zAbzlQmsf tLg e]bclew
, nIf0ff Jo~hgfdWo] Ps . nIffy{ gf) [;+)] nIf0ff zAbzlQmff af]w xg] cy{ .

1091

nlIftnvf}L 3t c8\sn cGbfh . @= cIfsf] lzdf nufOg] Psfsf] lrXg ( ] ) . sfgf] gf) c
Og] nv sfGbfgLsf] lrXg cf]sfsf] lrXg cf]sf ( f] ) . 66\6  lj) dGRofF;] bAnf] .
) [nIf qf0f] w]} kl>dn] yfs] n:t ePsf] clt ylst . nvg gf) [;+) nId0f] nId0f . ~ ltjfL
sfd g sfhl;t 8lnxg] lasfd] . ~ yfkf gf) != uf]vfsf Ps l;4sf] gfd . @= /f0ff sfnsf
Ps ljb|f]xL g]tf . #= dxj gePsf 76f}nf sf dfq u] lx8\Fg] JolSt . > nvg] lj) fd|f]
ePsf] (cj1fdf) . ~ 6f6 lj) dGRofF;] nv66\6" . ~ t]jfL lj) Ondf]huf jf sfd s]xL geO
n 8lnxg] . nvGt] lj) [nv cGt]] hGdsf qmdcg;f cf7f}F hGt]kl5sf] . nvklt lj) [;+) n
nfvf}F ?lkofFsf] ;DklQ ePsf] 7"nf] wgf9 nfvklt nfvsf] dflns . nvkft gf) [nv kft] w]
ePsL jf gf7f v]nfpg] :qL kmF8L j]Zof . nvaGws gf) [;+) nIf aGws] cfkm"n] aGwsdf lnP e
f]u u]sf] 3hUuf cflb km]l csf{nfO{ aGws fVg] sfd aGwsdflysf] klg aGws . nv nv lqm)
c) d") nv\ c (l)) ] lasfddf lagl;lQ otfplt lxF8\g] jf cf]xf]bf]xf] ug]{ rfn . nvls{g
c) lqm) [ nvlg] nvnv lxF8g \  . > nvSof{O gf) nvls{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . nvSof{pg
|]) lqm) nvls{g] kfg{ . nvfO gf) [ nv\ ( cfO)] nVg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n
vfOg s) lqm) nVg nfOg . nvfpg k|) ] lqm) nVg jf uDg nfpg . nvfsL gf) [g]jf)] Og
faf6 kfgL lemSg 8f]n, jflN6g cflb emG8fOg] 8f]L 7"nf] df]6f] vfnsf] 8f]L . nv]6 \ g
) lqm) [;+) nIff6g] != lxsf{pg jf dfg{sf nflu s;}sf] lk5f ug{ cfv]6 ug{ v]bf] ug
{ . @= sg} j:tnfO{ wkfpg nufg{ . > nv]6fO gf) nv]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . nv]6fO
g s) lqm) nv]6\g nfOg . nv]6fpg k|]) lqm) nv]6g \ nfpg nv]6fOdf kfg{ . nv]6fnv
]6 gf) k:kdf nv]6g \ ] sfd . nv]l6g s) lqm) nv]6g \ ] sfd ulg v]lbg . nv]6f] gf)
nv]6\g] jf n3fg]{ sfd . @= cfv]6 v]bf] . #= sfdsf] r]kfO . nvf}6L gf) [nfv cf}6L] !=
j]Zof kmF8L . @= NofOt] :jf:gL . nvf}L lj) [nfv cf}L] nvnv csf] 3 rxfg]{ .

nlIft lj) [;+)] != b]lvPsf] tf]lsPsf] lrlXgt . @= atfOPsf] slyt 68\sfnf] . #= zAbsf]
nIf0ffzlStff af]w xg] . > nlIftfy{ gf) zAbsf] nIf0ffzlStff af]w xg] cy{ nIofy{ . n
d0f gf) [;+)] fhf bzysL sfG5L fgL ;ldqfklsf h]7f kq zqgsf bfh . sGb gf) cFl8
ft xg], ;]tf km"n kmNg], xlof] ;]tf] \u ldl;Psf nfDrf kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] nxf] jf
To;}sf] WjfF;] \usf] 7"nf] sGb . nIdL gf) [;+)] != wgsL clwi7fqL b]jL jf lji0fsL k
TgLsf] gfd sdnf df . @= >L;DklQ ;d[l4 . #= nlR5g zf]ef ;f}efUo . $= ;kmntf ljho . %=
dflnSgL u[x:jfldgL . sf] jf; gf) ;a} sfsf] kf}n k|z:t wgk|flKt . ~ w"k gf) k~r ;u
"kdf nIdLkm"n uf]sn w"k ldnfO{ agfOPsf] ljz]iftM nIdLnfO{ k|;Gg ufpg aflng] w"k .
~ gffo0f gf) != lji0f nIdL . @= leqkl bO{ jf rf rqm xg] zflnu|fd . klt gf) !=
0f lji0f . @= fhf . #= wgsf] dflns wgjfg\ JolSt . ~ kq gf) != wgf9 JolSt (nIdLsf k
q gePsf xFbf) . @= sfdb]j . ~ k"hf gf) != sflt{s s[i0f cf}F;Lsf lbg laxfg ulg] uf
O{sf] k"hf ftL 33df bLkfjnLsf] pT;j dgfO{ ulg] nIdLsf] k"hf ufO{ wgsf] k"hf . @= b
jnL . ~ kmn gf) avf{ofddf emfFlug], dl;gf nfDrf kft xg] Ps k|sfsf] nxf] To;}df km
Ng] ftf ;]tf cflb km"n hoGtL . jfg\ != nIdLn] oSt ePsf] wgjfg\ . @= ;f}efUozfnL .
~ ljnf; gf) >L;DklQn] k"0f{ cfdf]bk|df]b . nIo gf) [;+)] != x]g,{ lrGg, hfGg ug
k { g]{ sg} klg sfdsfsf] vf; lrXg jf lg;fgf tff] . @= tfs]sf] sf] tfs p2]Zo Wo]o
f]k ulPsf] ljifo . $= nfvsf] ;\Vof . e]b gf) cl:y nIo jf lg;fgfdf tff] xfGg] sfd . ~
e]bs kbs gf) rfFbdf/Lsf] k|ltof]lutfdf ljhoL xg] ;}lgsxnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] !(
*) ;fndf :yflkt Ps kbs . j]w gf) nIoe]b . j]wL lj) nIoj]w ug]{ . l;l4 gf) cfF6s ]
] jf lrtfPsf] sf] kUg] l:ylt nIosf] k|flKt . > nIofy{ gf) != kfpg rfx]sf] sf] tfs]
sf] jf cy{ . @= nIf0ffzlQmaf6 alemg] cy{ . nIofxlt gf) b]jk|Lltsf lgldQ j}lbs lj
wfgcg;f ulg] nIfxf]d ?b|L, ufoqL jf ;f] ;xsf sg} :tlt nfvkN6 bf]xofP ulg] xjgsfo{
\g ;) lqm) [nv g ] != nv sf6\g cgdfg jf c8\sn ug{ . @= ljrf ug{ ;f]Rg . nv gf)
|f) nSv ] != sg} ljifodf ulPsf] cgdfg jf

nvf}f]nlug nvf}f] lj) [nfv cf}f]] sfd g sfh otfplt lxFl8xg] xNngbf; . nu\g ;) lq
u\ g] sg} j:t jf ;;fdfg cflb lnP hfg n}hfg nfg . nu gf) [;+) nUg] != Ps hgfnfO{
edf ug{ tf]lsPsf] sfd Ps hgfn] Ps lbgdf Eofpg] jf ul;Sg] sfd Ps v]tfnfsf] d]nf] . @=
glhs g] 5]p . (pbf) ;a}n] tkfO{s +{ } nudf sfd ullbP l56} sfd ;lsGYof]) . nu8 gf) [
] \ kmfkaf6 agfOPsf] r6fdL . nu8Lemu8L gf) [(l)) emu8f O{] k:kdf xg] tfgftfg jf em}e
nf n5fk5f ;\3if{ . nut gf) [;+) nu\] != sg} sfdsf nflu rflxg] gub jf lhG;L dfndQfsf]
dfhDdL ljj0f;lxtsf] ;"rL lkml:tljz]if . @= 7]lsPsf] baGbL c\s jf To:tf] baGbLsf] ;|]:
f . ~ gfkL gf) sg} :yfg jf hUufsf] nut v8f ug{ ulPsf] gfkL . nuQ} lqm) lj) [;+) nUgt
M] plQ g} v]l plTgv]} tTsfn t?Gt} tfQft} . nug gf) [;+) nUg] != ljjfx, j|taGw cflb
sfo{ ug{ h]sf] of]u jf dx"t{ (pbf) nugsf] a]nfdf xug, nug klg n]lvof], s]6fsf]
9\u klg b]lvof] pvfg) . @= sg} sfdsf]df bQlrQ eP nfUg] sfd tNnLgtf nufO . (pbf) s
fddf nug xgk  5{) . ~ uf7f] gf) jjw"sf] bfDkTok|]d l:y xf];\ eGg] b[li6n] sGofbfgsf
;dodf hg}, kfg, ;'kfL cflb df
\ulns j:t' cfFrndf xfn] dGqk"j{s kf]sf] ufF7f] nUgu|lGy
. (nugufF7f] sGofbfgsf ;dob]lv rt'yL{;Dd b'nxLsf sDddf afFlwflvG5) . zLn lj) nug e
Psf] sfddf bQlrQ xg] . > nugL gf) != sg} sfdsf]df tNnLg eP nfUg] sfd . @= Ps hgfn] l
f ug{ ;Sg] jf Eofpg] sfd d]nf] nu . #= pBf]u jf Joj;fo . nueu lqm) lj) [;+) nu\eu\]
k'ugk'u emG8}emG8} glhsglhs . nun gf) [nfu\cn] afhL x]sf] v]ndf lhTg]n] xfg]{;Fu lng
afFsL x]sf] sd . (pbf) ltdL;Fu d]f] kRrL; ?lkofF nun eO;Sof], b]pm g) . nunu lqm) lj)
[c) d") nu\c (l))] 7G8L, 8, sdhf]L cflb sg} sf0fn] zL sfFKg] jf xNng] rfn n'un'u
unutLnunuL lqm) lj) cem l56f] nunu x'g] uL . nuf! gf) [;+) nu\] != sg} kllw jf 3]fle
] efu Onfsf xftf . @= dftxtL hUuf cflbsf] lsNnf ;fFw ;Ldf .
1092

nuf@ gf) [;+) nu'8] hUuf gfKg] sfddf k|of]u ulg] gf} xft gfkf] ePsf] 6fFuf] nUuL .
nufO gf) [ nu\ (cfO] != nUg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ nfu\ (cfO)] @= nfUg] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . [nufpcfO] #= nufOg] jf sfdsfdf k|jQ [ ufpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] nufOg s) lqm)
= nufpg] sfd ulg nfOg . @= sg} sfdsfdf k|j[Q ufOg . kufO gf) nufpg]jg]{ sfd cx
. nufpg ;) lqm) [nfu\ cfp g] != zLdf j:q wf0f ug{ klxg . @= cflb kf]Tg jf 3:
{ . #= sg} sfdsfdf wg jf dgsf] pkof]u ug{ . $= af]6la?jf cflb f]Kg nfpg . %= csf]
5NofOF jf rSnL ug{ . ^= cy{, efj, clek|fo cflb k|s6 ug{ . &= sg} sfd jf sf]df n
fUg s;}nfO{ k|]lt ug{ . k|]) lqm) * nfUg] tNofpg nfUg] kfg{ . nuftf lqm) lj) [;+
) nu\ tf] Psgf;l;t jf Pskl5 csf]{sf] l;nl;nf g66Lsg lgGt afa . nufg gf) [;+) nfu\
fddf nfUg] jf baGbL cg;fsf] vr{ nufgL . @= emfkms]sf cg;f e"tlkzfr, 8fOgLaf]S;L, j
o cflb nfu] xg] cfsl:ds f]u Joyfsf] sf0f . > nufgL gf) != s;}nfO{ Aofh lng] uL ;;f
lbOPsf] wg . @= sg} pBf]upTkfbgsf lglDt klxn] ulPsf] vr{ . #= ;sfnfO{ ltg{kg]{ dfnk
f]t jf e"lds . $= nfu"efu" nfuefu . nufkft gf) [;+) nu\ kfZj{] 338]L;lxt jlkl jf 5]p
x]sf] sg} klg hUufhldg rlr{Psf] hUuf jf To;sf] ;]f]km]f] . nufd gf) [kmf)] 3f]8fsf d
vdf xg] sfF8fjfn kmnfd] afu jf ;fdfgsf bj} 6Kkfdf afFlwPsf], 3f]8r9Ln] ;dfpg] 5
fnf jf 8f]Lsf] nfdf] lkmQf afu8f] s]nL . nufot gf) of]) [c)] ;d]t ;lxt . (pbf) cl3
kofFdf k;nnufot l;\u} 3 axfndf kfOGYof]) . nuf\g ;) lqm) [;+) nu\ cf\ g] eufpg], wk
;dfpg] jf dfg]{ ljrfn] s;}sf] kl5 nfUg lk5f ug{ nv]6\g v]b\g . > nuffO gf) nufg]
sfd jf lsl;d v]bfO . nuflg s) lqm) nufg]{ sfd ulg v]lbg . nuff] gf) nufg]{ cj:yf
f] . nufnu lqm) lj) [;+) nu\ nu\] kfnf] glafO{ jf Pskl5 t?Gt} csf]{ nfu] nuftf wdfwd
> nufnuL lqm) lj) qmd jf l;nl;nf g66fO{ Psgf;l;t nufnu . nluTof gf) sg} JolStsxfF cf
f] k];fcg;fsf] sfd ug{ :yfoL kn] nfUg] JolSt . nlug s) lqm) [nu\ O g] nUg] sfd ulg

1093

nuLn3"s0f l;4 k?if cfs[ltdf ;fgf] xnsf aGg ;S5) . @= n3 xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt xn
sfkg n3tf . n3 lj) [;+)] != nfdf] jf 7"nf] gePsf] 5f]6f] jf ;fgf] . @= ux|f}F geP
sf] xnsf] xnf}F . #= clnslt yf]} . $= slgi7 sfG5f] . %= Psdflqs :j jf x|:j :j To;s
Xg ( . ) . ^= Ps dfqfsf] jf x|:j pRrf0f xg] j0f{ (c, O, p, s, ls, s, O)) . ~ pBf]
u gf) yf]} >d;fwgn] klg :yflkt ;~rflnt ug{ ;lsg] pBf]u ;fgf]vfn] Joj;fo . ~ pkGof; g
f) ;\lIfKt cf}kGofl;s tj ePsf] nfdf] syfh:tf] ;fgf] pkGof; . ~ syf gf) syftjn] k"0f{
ePsf ;;fgf syf 5f]6f syf . n3td lj) [;+)] ;a}eGbf 5f]6f] jf ;fgf] . ~ ;dfkjTo{ gf
) bO{ jf bO{eGbf a9L ;\Vofn] lgZz]if efu hfg] ;aeGbf ;fgf] ;\Vof . n3tf gf) [;+)
] n3 jf 5f]6f] xgfsf] u0f jf cj:yf xnsf]kg . > n3tfef; gf) cfk"mnfO{ tR5 jf
xLg 7fGg] dfgl;s efjgf jf To;sf] 5gs . n3Tj gf) [;+)] n3 xgfsf] rfn jf cj:yf n3
tf xNsfkg . n3 b"lwsf gf) [;+)] l;pF8Lsf h:tf afSnflrNnf kft xg,] To:t} kmNg]k
mNg], efFRbf b"w lg:sg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn . n3 gf6s gf) [;+)] ljifoj
:t Pp6} kfqx sd ePsf], yf]} ;dodf clego ug{ ;lsg] jf kqklqsfdf k|sflzt ug{ n]lvPs
f] k|foM Jo\Uok|wfg 5f]6f] gf6s . n3Gof; gf) [;+)] sg} j:t jf wg s;}sf ;fydf ;fgf
] kdf fVg] jf lhDdf nufpg] sfd ;fgf] jf dfdnL 9fFrfsf] wf}6L . n3kq gf) [;+)] nfdf,
af6lnPsf w;f{w;f{ k]sf v}f hf xg,] ;]tf] PSn} Pp6f k"mn kmNg] slxn] unfkmL km
Ng] eO{Fdf xg] Ps hftsf] a6L To;}sf] ufgf] jf sGb . n3 klof]hgf gf) [;+)] yf]} k
h F L >ddf k"f xg ;Sg] jf rfn" ulg] ;;fgf vfnsf of]hgf n3of]hgf . n3 of]hgf gf)
[;+)] ;fgfvfn] pBf]u jf of]hgf . n3jfb gf) [;+)] ;fgfltgf em}emu8f jf d2fdfldnf
. Gofofno gf) To:tf] emu8f jf d2f x]g]{ ;?sf] cbfnt lhNnf cbfnt . n3z\sf gf) [;+
)] lk;fa km]g]{ sfd d"qTofu . n3 zf]w k|aGw gf) [;+)] sg} tx jf kLIff k"f ug{sf nflu
k|:tt ulg] ;\lIfKt zf]wkq jf k9fOsf] ;f flvPsf] ;fgf] cg;GwfgfTds k|aGw cWoogkq cg
Gwfgk|wfg n]v . n3"s0f gf) [;+)] s8f jf 7"nf] ;hfonfO{ 36fP xNsf jf ;fgf] kfg]{ sfd
b08fb]znfO{ xf]nf]vsnf] jf gd kfg]{

nuL gf) [nu\ O{] cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] ;dofg;fsf] sfd jf ;;fdfgsf nflu To:tf] k];f ePsf d
flg;xnfO{ :yfoL kn] nufpg] JolSt . nluTof gf) k|rngcg;f/ ufpFsf ljleGg hfltsf kljf
Lgrf Jofj;flos hfltsf aLrdf xg] :yfoL ;DaGw . (o;df Ps} ufpFsf sfdL, bdfO{,F ;fs
L{ cflbsf] csf]{ sg} Ps kljf;Fu :yfoL ;DaGw xG5 pgLxn] To; kljfsf lglDt cfjZos ;;
agfOlbg] sfddf ;3fpg] u5{g\ . o;L sfd u]afkt nuLaf6 pgLxn] afnL sfl6;s]kl5 jif{elsf]
Psd:6 ljz]if rf8kj{df cfgf] efu kfpF5g\) . nuv gf) [g]jf)] xftn] 7f]s] ahfOg], 5
fnfn] df]xf]lPsf] Ps k|sfsf] k|frLg jfB . nu8 gf) [;+)] != sf7sf] nfdf] luF8 . @=
nf}f] nL . nugf gf) :tgwfL ;d"xdf kg]{, ftf]ftf] hLpdf ;]tf yf]Knf ePsf], c9fO{ lkm
d cUnf] xg], lrQnsf eGbf 5f]6f vf ePsf], PSn} lxF8\g dg kfpg] lrQns} hftsf] d[u
. nu]bf gf) [;+) nu\ Pbf] u2L, xf}bf cflb s:tf la5fOg] afSnf] pmgL sk8f Ps k|sfsf] hLg
kf]; nuf . nu];f | ] gf) [nfu P;|f] ] != sg} j:tdf nfu] afFsL x]sf] rLh xn . @= lg
flbsf] n]; jf z]if . nUuf gf) [ nuf] != sg} sfdf nfu]sf] lx:;f c+z nU3f . @= dftxtsf
hDdf 9]:;f . #= hldg gfKg] gf}xft] 6fFuf] nUuL . > nUuL gf) != nUuf nU3L . @= gfp rn
fpgsf lglDt 7]lng] 3ff] jf 6fFuf] . nUu lj) [nfu\ p] != Psf]xf]f]l;t sg} sfdsf] jf J
df nfu]sf] tNnLg . @= ljifojf;gfdf cgQm sfds nDk6 . #= Jo;gL cDdnL . ~ hjf8]h:tf]
j) ;a} sf la;]{ Pp6} sfdf Psf]xf]f] nfUg] . nU3f gf)x]) nUuf . > nU3L gf) nUuL . nU
[;+)] != Hof]ltifzf:qcg;f sg} u|xsf] qmflGtj[Qsf] pbo xg] a]nfdf lIflthdf :kz{ x
g] efu jf c+z . @= ljjfx, j|taGw cflb sg} df\ulns sfo{ ug]{ dx"t{ ;fOt nug . lj) #
= hf]lPsf] 6fFl;Psf] . ~ s08nL gf) nugsf] s08nL jf klqsf hGds08nL . ~ u|lGy gf) nug
7f] . ~ lbg gf) nUg jf dxt " { ePsf] lbg . ~ klqsfkqL gf) ljjfx, j|taGw cflb df\uln
s sfo{sf] 7Ls ;do pNn]v ulPsf] n]vf]6 jf l6kf]6 . n3f\g ;) lqm) [ nufg] { nufg{ nv
6\g . > n3ffO gf) n3fg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . n3ffn3f gf) k:kdf n3fg]{ sfd cfkm;sf]
. n3flg s) lqm) nuflg v]lbg . nl3df gf) [;+)] != cf7 l;l4dWo] Ps (o;sf] k|efjn]

nn5f\g sfd . n gf) [;+) n\un] ldn]sf] 3 jf k\lQm nfd tfFtL . nf}l6of lj) [n
. of gf) nFuf}l6of of . nf}tL gf) nFuf}6L . n\sf gf) [;+)] Pl;of dxfb]zdf eftb]l
fkl x]sf], cl3 fj0fsf] fHo elgg] Ps Lk jf 6fk" . klt gf) != n\sf b]zsf] fhf . @=
= ljeLif0f . n\sf;fgL gf) [;+) ns]ZjL] vf];f{gLsf h:tf kft xg] dLrsf h:tf sfnf bfgf
kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] af:gf cfpg] ftf], sdnf] k"mn n\s]ZjL . n\u8f gf) [;
n\u] nFu8f . n\u8fpg c) lqm) [n\u8f] cfp g] nFu8fpg vf]Rofpg . n\u8f] lj) [;+)
] vFhfxf vf]G8f] . n\u gf) [;+) n\un > kmf) n\u] != 8\uf, hxfh cflbnfO{ kfgLsf d
gkbf{ ;f\nfdf emG8fO{ tn kUg] uL v;flng] 7"nf] c\s;] k]sf] kmnfd] ;fdfg . @= n\u
u  ! gf) [;+) n\u"n] != nfdf] kR5 sfnf] dv xg] Ps hftsf] afFb . @= afFbsf] kR5
= kR5 . $= vf; uL lxdfnsf] cUnf] nfdf] 8fF8f] (h:tf] dxfn\u "). n\u  @ gf) [kmf)
7"nf] vfnsf] jf leQ] 38Lxsf] tnlt emlG8P xlNnOxg] khf{ljz]if . @= 306fsf] fnf] .
hf{ gf) ;y, kfg, OF6, rL8, tfh n\usf af ePsf] ysL{df rfkf6] tLgj6f uf]6Ln] v]ln
hjfsf] v]nljz]if . n\u  ] lj) [n\uf] P] != n\uf]h:tf] n\uf]sf] . @= cNuf]
gf) [n\u cf]] xfFuflaFuf gePsf] cUnf], ;lnf] ;fgf] nfy|f] . n\3g gf) [;+)] != gfg
km6\sg] sfd 6fdlg kfg]{ sfd . @= cf1f, lgod, ljlw cflbsf] cltqmd0f c6]ofOF . #= lafd
L cj:yfdf s]xL gvfO{ a:g] sfd ef]sf]a;fO lgfxf . > n\3gLo lj) gfg jf km6\sgkg]{ n
{ of]Uo . n\l3t lj) [;+)] != n\3g ulPsf] gfl3Psf] . @= kfng ulPsf] pNn\3gLo pk]lIf
) [;+)] != gfg jf km6\sg plrt cltqmd0f ug{ of]Uo n\3gLo . nrs gf) [c) d")] != nRsg] s
fd jf 9fFrf . @= xfpefpsf] Ps k|sf 5fF65Gb . (pbf) g[Todf ltgsf] nrsn] g} bz{sx dUw
xG5g\) . tf gf) nrs xgfsf] efj jf
1094

cj:yf sg} nfDrf] j:tsf] tGsfO nRsfO . bf lj) nrs ePsf] nRsg] vfnsf] nlRsnf] . ~ n
) lj) nuftf nRsg] rfn;Fu . > nrsfGt gf) nRsfOsf] xb jf ;Ldf . nrSs lqm) lj) != ;a}
ef yfDg g;sL lgxg] lsl;dn] xfFuf cflb nlRsP . (pbf) lxhf] a]ns  Lsf] cfFwLn] t vsf]
oqf] xfFuf] klg nrSs nRsfP5) . @= u2f jf l:k|bf u2L cflb lylrg] pS;g] eP nRofSs . (p
bf) o:tf] nrSs nlRsg] ;f]kmfdf a:g ;a}n] sxfF kfpF5g\ ) . nlrnf] lj) [nRs Onf]] != nR
sg] vfnsf] nrSs xg] . @= gdgLo . kg gf) nRsg] efj jf cj:yf . nr]kf | ] gf) != l3p,
t]n cflbsf] lrNnf] nfu] leh]sf] l:ylt . lj) @= To;L leh]sf] . nRsg c) lqm) [nrSs g]
!= 5]p5fp prflnP dfem jf aLrsf] efu emf]lng emlG8Ph:tf] xg gxg . @= af]em y
fDg g;sL lgxlg . #= hjfgLn] zLdf uxlsnf]kg cfP xNng n:sg . $= sfdf 8Ug vf]Hg .
ws dfGg . > nRsfO gf) nRsg] jf nRsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nRsfOg s) lqm) nR
sg] ufOg lgxfOg . nRsfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != vf] vf]Rofpg n]Rofpg . @= nRsg]
g{ lgxfpg emf]Nofpg . nlRsg c) lqm) != nRsg . @= nRs]sf] xf]Og . nlRsnf] lj) [
nrs Onf]] nRsg] vfnsf] nrsbf . nRs] lj) [nRs P] nlRsnf] . ~ ntf] gf) cfsf ljleGg 7fpF
lgsf] xFb} ;b}{ hfg] Ps k|sfsf] rd{f]u . nRsf] gf) [nRs cf]] nRsfOsf] v]k jf k6s . n
R5f gf) [;+) ntf] != pmg, wfuf], tf cflbsf] uR5f hL, afbf cflbsf] emKkf] . @= uf]8f
df nufOg] k|foM tfn] ag]sf] Ps lsl;dsf] uxgf . nlR5g gf) [;+) nIf0f] != ;k|g] jf l
au|g] sfsf] cfef;, ;\st ] jf ;"rgf nIf0f klxrfg :jk . @= kmfk jf ckmfksf] lrXg 5s
rfn9fn 9fFrfsfFrf 9\u . $= zsg ze ;fOt . %= rfnf 9\u . sf] lj) fd|f] nlR5g ePsf
5gL lj) != fd|f] nlR5g ePsL (:qL) . @= enf] xg] nIf0fn] oSt fd|f] nlR5g xg] . nlR
5dL gf) [;+) nIdL] != nIdL . @= fd|f] zLn:jefj ePsL :qL . #= ufO{ . nR5L gf) [nR5f O{
] nR5fsf] n3 k ;fgf] nR5f . nRofSs lqm) lj) [c) d") nRofs\ s] cln 7"nf] a]un] nlRsg]
uL nrSs . nRof lj) lr6lr6 nfUg] n]l;Psf] 6fFl;g] vfnsf] . n5f\g ;) lqm) [k|f) nR
= af]qmf, 5fnf cflb vlQg] uL tfGg n5]g{ nf5\g . @= k5fg]{ uL l3RRofpg

1095

n5fnfO{ n6Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") n6s\ s] dd;nf, t]n cflb ku] ltxgtsfL jf cGo sg} vf
bf] jf afSnf] xg] uL . n6gk6g gf) [ n6k6] != cJoj:yf jf a]lkmqmLaf6 ePsf] uf] n dfn
nyfln\ u l:ylt n6k6 . @= 5n5fd u] k};f lxgfldgf ug]{ sfd . #= eb|uf]n 5f;ld; . n6k6
;+) n6\ k6\] != uf]ndfn n6gk6g . @= 5t5ft n;k; . > n6k6fO gf) n6k6fpg] efj, lqmof jf
k|lqmof . n6k6fOg c) lqm) n6k6fpg] xf]Og csdsfOg . n6k6fpg c) lqm) af]Nbf lha|
f] na{fpg cndlng csdsfpg . n6kl6g c) lqm) != cNemg] lsl;dn] a]lx|g n6kl6g nk]
6g . @= ldl;g . #= cndlng cNemg . $= n6fk6f xg nofaof xg sfdsf] cNemf]df
nf6n6 xg n;k; xg . ^= ;lGbUw xg . n6k6] lj) n6k6 jf eb|uf]n ug]{ uf]ndfn] etf
eu \ kfg]{ . n6k6fO gf) n6kl6g] tyf n6k6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n6k6fOg s) lqm
n6k6 klg . n6k6fpg ;) lqm) != lunf] 8Nnf] j:t ;Svf kbfy{df ld;fpg n6k6 kfg{ n
]6kf]6 kfg{ . @= cndNofpg . #= a]g{ nk]6\g . n6dvf lj) [nf6f] dv cf] df}sfdf af]
Ng jf dgsf sf k|s6 ug{ g;Sg] . n6k6 gf) [ n6k6] != u8a8L uf]ndfn n6gk6g . @= 5f;ld
n;k; . n6Dd lqm) lj) [c) d") n6d\ d] kmnk"mnn] af]6la?jf g} 9fSg] uL kmn jf k"mn emKk
emKkf eP e]nL . n6L gf) [c\)] gub jf sg} rLhsf] k:sfk|flKtsf nflu uf]nf lems] j
Qm cFufn] v]lng] df}sfafhLsf] v]n lrf . n6Lk6L gf) [ n6k6] ;j{:j l;LvL nLkL . n
!= sg} d2fdfldnf gl5lgP jf sfdsf] cflb g6\luP 6fFluOxg afFsL xg . @= emlG8g
xg emf]lng . > n6\sfO gf) n6\sg] tyf n6\sfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n6\sfOg s
) lqm) n6\sg] kflg emG8fOg . n6\sfpg ;)lqm)k|])lqm) != sfdsf] gl;4fO{ cndNofO
6fFUg . @= n6\sg nfpg n6\sg] kfg{ . n6\lsg c) lqm) != n6\sg . @= n6\sg] xf]Og
 . n6\SofO gf) n6\lsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nf gf) [k|f)] != don, rf]k cflbn] h
d] 8Nnf]8Nnf] k]sf] s]z uhN  6f] k]sf] f}F . @= lrpf, rfdn, uGb|s  cflb lau| ] j
fFl;P ePsf] rkf] . #= hf]uLxsf] s]zkfz h6f . nfO{ gf) sYo) n6fO . r\uf p8fpFbf wfuf]
g{ k|of]u

l3;fg{ . n5f gf) [n5f\ c] n5fg]{ sfd n5fO . ~ k5f gf) a]lkmqmL;Fu n5fg]{ k5fg]{ s
fg l3RRofOdG6fO . kf6f] gf) != af]qmf] nf5] gf\luPsf] kf6f] . @= s;}n] ug{ nfu]sf]
} sfd ug{ g;Sg] 7xofO{ lxofP Jo\Uok"js { elgg] zAb . #= k?if]lGb|osf] 5fnf ;s]{ lg
l:sPsf] efu . n5ffO gf) [ n5f\ ( cfO)] n5fg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n5flg s)
m) nfl5g] uL tflgg l3::ofOg n5]lg . n5fofO gf) n5]fO . n5fofOg s) lqm) n5fg]{
n5fofpg k|) ] lqm) n5fg{ nfpg n5flg] kfg{ . n5ff] gf) [n5f cf]] != 7"nf] x}fgL
@= sfdsf] af]em . ~ k5ff] gf) b;lt bf}8] ulg] jf wk]8L kg]{ kl>d . n5] \ g ;) lq
] x]) n5fg{ . > n5]fO gf) n5]g]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n5Kk lqm) lj) [c) d") n5k\
k] hLpdf 6fFl;g] lsl;dn] ;a} leHg] uL n5Kk . nhfO gf) [ nhfp ( cfO)] nhfpg] efj, l
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nhfOg c) lqm) nfh dflgg . nhfpg c) lqm) [nfh cfp g] != nfh df
Gg ;df{pg . @= ws jf ;\sf]r dfGg . nhfn lj) [;+) nHhfn] != nfh dfGg] :jefjsf] n
HhfzLn . @= axfLemf nHhfjtL . nh]h8L gf) [ef]) a)] lxdfnL e]sdf kfOg] Ps k|sfsf] a6
L . nhf] gf) sfd ug]{ ;fwg jf pks0f (s6f], sf]bfnf], vs L, rSs, sf}t F L O)) . nHh
) [;+)] != dfGo hgsf ;fddf kbf{ leqleq} pAhg] ws ;\sf]r . @= cglrt sfd ubf{, sfd
ljkmn xFbf, zLsf uKtf\ux b]Vtf jf b]lvFbf dv b]vfpg, s;}sf ;fd kg{ jf s;}sf dv
df x]g{ c;dy{ tNofpg] dgf]efj sLsL ;d nfh . #= OHht k|lti7f . > nHhfn lj) != nf
jefjsf] nHhfzLn . @= ljgoL gd| . gf) #= nHhfjtL . nHhfjtL lj) != nHhfn :jefj}n] nfh
dfGg] :jefjsL (:qL) . gf) @= cldnLsf h:tf kft tyf ;]tf jf ftf k"mn 8fF7 xg,] 5
b F f vlDrg] eOe F{ mf axfLemf 5OdO+{ nfhjGtL . nHhfjfg\ lj) nfh dfGg] nHhfzLn
hfzLn lj) :jefj}n] nfh dfGg] nHhfn . nlHht lj) != nfh dfg]sf] nhfPsf] . @= ljgozLn
. nHh] gf) [nHhf P] nHhfjtL nfhjGtL . n6sg gf) [n6\s cg] != n6\ss ] f] j:t nsf]{ . @=
mNn emfn emDsf] .

nlgn7ff] ulg] sf7sf] a]ngfsf ;fwg . { Lg yL j:t Pscsf{df nlg c) lqm) [nf O g
{ jf 6fFl;O{ Pp6} uhN  6f] xg hf]lN6g . @= don, rf]k cflbn] jf o:t} n];fOnf]
kbfy{n] f}F cflb hd] 8Nnf] kg{ nf kg{ . nL gf) [nf O{] != d7f] kf]sf] wfufsf] P
nlof] nR5f nsf]{ . @= Ps ;o aL; uh wfuf] rSsf cfsfdf a]]sf] d7f] . kL gf) >L;DklQ
j{:j . n6\6!  gf) [;+) n6] \ wfufn] e]6\gdf a]x|L em6\sf lbP RofDk6Lem}F 3dfp
Fb} v]lng] Ps k|sfsf v]nf}gf e? . n6\6@  lj) [ n] != dfoflktL{df gfd|f; ] u F nfu
] cf;Qm nUu" . @= sg} sfddf Psf]xf]f] nfu]sf] . n6\6]! gf) [k|f) nlc] lehfPsf] cgbLsf
rfdn kfgL gxfnLsg l3p jf t]ndf e6] vbf] cflb ulnof] ld;fO{ ksfPsf] vfg]sf] rfd|]
9sgL . n6\6@ ] gf) [k|f) nf] nfDrf ejfbf kft xg], uf9f ftf jf ;]tf emKkfsf k"mn k
mNg] Ps af]6 jf To;df kmNg] ;;fgf bfgf grgL fdbfgf . n6\6]# lj) [nf P] != n}nf k]s
f n];fOnf] kbfy{n] hd]sf] . @= h6fwfL h6fjfn h6] . ~ emfqmL gf) nfjfn emfFqmL nf kf
jgemfFqmL . n] k8\sfO gf) [n]k8\sfO] n]sf bfgf e'6\bf k8\s]em}F l56f];u F af]Ng] jf
k9\g] sfd . n]kf gf) [n]kfkf] e'6]sf] n]nfO{ v'bf]df d'5] agfOPsf] f]6L . nf] gf)
} sfdsfk|ltsf] Psf]xf]f] nufj cf;lQm . nfO gf) [ nl (ofO)] != nlg] efj, lqmof jf
[nfpcfO] @= nfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nfOg' s) lqm) nf kflg' nf agfOg
)k|]) lqm) != nf kfg'{ . @= w]} j:t'xnfO{ hf]N6fP jf 6fF;] Pp6} agfpg' . n6fsn'6's
j) [c) d") n6fs\c (l))] n6Ss kfg]{ uL lgbfpg], nf]nfpg] cf]Onfpg] rfnn] . n6\7 lj)
f)] != nfu" kbfy{sf] ;]jgn] u|:t gzf jf dbn] r" n7 . @= ;Demgf jf xf]; gx]sf] . #= k
|;Gg d:t 2 . $= cfn:o, lgb|f cflbn] u|:t . n6\7s lj) [;+) n:t] n7'jf :jfF7 e'Rr's xn
nl7
\u] . n6\7f gf) [nL] != OF6, 9'
\uf, f]8f cflbn] yfdh:tf] agfOPsf] cUnf] ufx|f] . @
nfdf] yfd :tDe . #= b'O{ b]zsf aLr ;fFw 5'fpg aLrdf ufl8g] jf agfOg] :tDe lg;fg9'
u \
f] ;fFw9 ]
' u \ f] . ~ em8\sL gf) nfdf] 8f]LnfO{ b'O{
1096

5]paf6 tfgftfg ug]{ v]n (6u ckm jf) . n6\7fn6\7L lj) [nn] dfbs kbfy{, lgb|f jf cfn:o
cflbn] ;tfOPsf] nlPsf] n . n6\l7g' c) lqm) [nOg'] != n kg'{ gzfn] r" x'g' nUu"
lxt x'g' 2 kg'{ . #= cfn:o, lgb|f cflbn] ;tfOg' . n6\7L gf) [k|f) nl < ;+) oli6] afF
; jf sf7sf] ;f]emf] nfdf] 6'qmf] 7"nf] bf] nf}f] nf7L 8G8f nf7f] ;f]f . sf;f gf)
]nf8Ln] PsPsj6f nL lnO{ 8'd ePsf v]nf8Lsf] nL x'ofP v]Ng] Ps v]n . n6\7' lj) [nspm]
G7 . n6\7fO gf) [ n6\l7 (ofO)] != nlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [nfpcfO] @= nfpg]
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n6\7fOg' s) lqm) n kflg' . n6\7fpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != gzfn] n
'{ cfn;tfn; ufpg' . @= df]lxt kfg'{ n:t ufpg' . #= lgb|f, cfn:o cflbn] u|:t kfg'{ .
n6fO gf) [nfl6 (ofO)] n6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n6fOg' s) lqm) nf6f] kflg
pg] sfd ulg' . n6fpg' ;) lqm) nf6f] jf h8h:tf] kfg'{ ljr]t t'Nofpg' . n6fsn'6's lqm)
j) [c) d") n6fs\c (l))] n6Ss kg]{ uL lgbfpg], nf]nfpg] cf]Onfpg] rfnn] . n6f
k6f

[ n6k6] != nfkafxLsf ;fy sfd 6fg]{ lx;fan] nof
n'?
. @= lgodljlw cflb gk'ofP cft]kf
sfdrnfpsf 5fF6n] kf]Tg] jf lnKg] uL ntkt . $= xlx;fadf cndNofpg] uL nG7f
n'G7'
. n6
lj) [nf6f]of
\u|f] ] != k8\sff];u F af]Ng g;Sg] c:ki6 af]nL ePsf] tTof
t't'
ug]{ . @=
6f] vfnsf] n7f
\u|f] n7]a|f] . n7 lj) [ n] n . kq gf) nyfln
\u cnkq . ah| lj)
[ n7]pf]] nf6f] :jefjsf] n7]pf] . n7f
\lu|g c) lqm) [nf7f] of\lu| g] != hf]lN6g
. @= emu8f ug{ afg hWg . > n7f\Uo|fO gf) n7f\lu|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . n7fah| gf
|] != k:ksf] 7"nf] emu8f jf dflk6 . lj) @= aafb ePsf] etfe\u ePsf] . #= ;FefnL g;Sg]
vfnsf] a];Def n7ah| . n7flg c) lqm) [n7ff] O g] != n7ff]h:t} uL a6flg afl6g .
f]lN6g . #= emu8f ug{ . n7ff] gf) [n cfsf] != aflaof], kmnfdsf tf cflbsf]

1097

nl7u]nl7
\u]nt c) lqm) n8a8fpg' . n8a8fO gf) n8al8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n8a'l8g
qm) [n8La'8Lg'] n'8a'l8g' . > n8a'8fO gf) n'8a'8fO . n8a'8fOg' s) lqm) n'8a'8fOg' .
'8fpg' ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) n'8a'8fpg' . n8le8 gf) [n8\le8\] k:kdf n8\g] le8\g] sfd
nx n8Gt . n8fO gf) [n8\cfOF] != b'O{ ljf]wL bn jf kIf vf; uL ;z:q ;}lgsx n8\g] Ps
fO{ dflk6 ug]{ sfd ;
\u|fd o'4 0f n8Gt . @= emu8f tsf s6fs6 dfd'
\u|L . e8f
km]l e8\s] ;'? ePsf] cj:yf . n8fO gf) [ n8\ (cfO)] != n8\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [
n8fpcfO] @= n8fpg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] n8fOg s) lqm) n8Gt ufOg le8fOg . n8
fpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != k:kdf n8Gt ufpg le8fpg hwfpg . @= nf]6fpg k5fg{ . #=
pg ;tfpg 9fNg . $= u8fpg . %= n8\g nfpg n8\g] kfg{ . n8fs gf) [n8\ cfs] != n8G
t n8fOF emu8f . @= of]4f jL n8fsf n8fs . #= emu8fn slr\unf] . kg gf) n8fs xgf
cj:yf . n8fsf lj) [n8\ cfsf] v"a n8\g ;Sg] of]4f hf]wf n8fsL n8fs . > n8fsL lj) != n
8fs . @= o4df v"a n8\g] (:qL) . n8fs lj) != n8fsf . @= n8fOFsf sfddf cfpg] (h:tf
] n8fs hxfh) . n8fsf] [n8\ cfsf]] cfk;sf] dgf]dflnGo slr\un . nl8sf gf) [ n8sf]] n8s
f] s]6f] . nl8g s) lqm) [n8\ O g] != n8\g] sfd ulg hlwg . @= nf]l6g lulg . #=
 ;ltg . $= ;\3if{ ulg . %= 9lng . nl8of gf) [;+) n8\ Oof] uf]?uf8f aonuf8L . n8La
L gf) n8La8L . n8La8L gf) [n8\ O{ a8 \ O{] != eOd F{ f 9nLdnL u] n8\g] sfd nf]6kf
a8L . @= eO{Fdf u8\b} v]lng] Ps v]n . #= l;n] jf lrGtfn] eO{Fdf nf]6kf]6 ug]{
sfd . n8 gf) [;+) n8\ p] Pp6f dfq uf]?n] tfGg] ;afLuf8f . n8] lj) af]) ufO{a:tnfO{
ufnL ubf{ k|of]u xg] zAb . n8]nf] lj) [nf8\ Pnf]] Koff] lk|o . n8\8  gf) [;+) n8\8s
] lrgL, d}bf, l3p cflb ld;fP agfOPsf] uf]nf] 8Nnf] ld7fO{ df]bs . n08 gf) [;+)] !=
lji7f dn ux . @= ln\u lzZg . nt gf) [;+) t] != S;L, w"dkfgh:tf j:tsf] Jo;g . @= s
lg ghftL sfd jf sfsf] cEof; cfbt afgL .

df]6f] 8f]L nvfsL . @= nfdf] ;do;Dd klxg] emu8f . #= g6l\ uPsf sfdsf] rfkfrfk emd]nf
. > n7fofO gf) n7flg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . nl7u]nl7
\u] lj) [nf7f]OFuO
\uP] != n
. nl7ah| lj) [n7L (nf7f])ah|] != cnklqFbf] cj:yfsf] nl7ah|] n7fah| . gf) @= d]nf]d]
;f] s]xL gePsf] sfd . #= nL lnP h'Wg] jLxsf] ;d"x . > nl7ah| ] lj) != sfd fd|L ;Fefn
{ g;Sg] sfd ug]{ sfObf ghfg]sf] . @= d]nf]d];f] s]xL gkfOg] . n7'jf lj) [;+) n6pjf]
!= ns d"v{ nl7
\u] . @= nlaw] nb"{ . n7]pf] lj) [nf6f]Ppf]] nf6f] :jefjsf] n7]k
n7]kf | ] n7]af | ] lj) [ n7]pf]] n7]pf] . :qL) n7]kL | n7]aL | . n7}t gf) [nf7f]P]
7f] lnP lxF8g \ ] JolSt jf JolStxsf] ;d"x . n7f
\lu|g' c) lqm) [n7f
\u|f]Og'] n7f
\l
u|f]n7f}f] lj) [nf6f]of
\u|f]of}f]] ns n7]pf] n7]k|f] n7]a|f] . n8\g ;) lqm)
F ug{ hWg emu8f ug{ nfKkfnfKkL v]Ng . @= nf]6\g k5flg lug{ 9Ng . #= n]6\g
 kN6g . $= gf]sLsf lglDt ;]jfcfof]u cflbsf kLIffdf ;fd]n xg k|lt:kwf{df efu lng
. n8skg gf) [n8sf] kg] != n8sfsf] :jefj jf k|sl[ t afnskg l76f}nL l76fOF . @= gf;dem
gfsf] l:ylt . #= afNofj:yf . n8sL gf) [n8sf] O] != s]6L l76L . @= kqL 5f]L . n8sf] g
) [;+) n8\] != s]6f] l76f] nl8sf . @= kq 5f]f] . n8v8 lqm) lj) [n8\ v8f] n8\b}le8\b}
vsf ;fydf . > n8v8fO gf) n8v8 ug]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n8v8fOg s) lqm) nvfOg .
n8v8fpg c) lqm) nvfpg wd{fpg . n8Gt gf) [n8\ cGt] n8\g] jf emu8f ug]{ sfd hwfh
d;fld; le8Gt o4 3df;fg n8le8 . > n8Gtf n8Gt] lj) n8Gt ug]{ :jefjsf] o4df nfu]sf] .
a8 lqm) lj) [;+) n8\] != f]un] jf sdhf]Ln] rnxn ug{ g;Sg] uL lxF8\g pleg g;Sg] rfnn]
. @= 8, f]u, ws cflbn] c:ki6 cfjfh cfpg] uL na . > n8a8fO gf) n8a8fpg] efj, lqmof jf
lqmof . n8a8fOg c) lqm) n8v8fOg nsksfOg wd{fOg . n8a8fpg c) lqm) != lxF8g \ jf p
leg g;s] wd{fpg jf n8\g vf]Hg . @= nsksfpg nalg wsfpg . n8al8g

ntSsnyf] ntSs lqm) lj) [c) d") nts\ s] != Hofbf kfs] uNg] uL . @= n]bf] kbfy{ rlxg] e
nltSs ntSs . ntkt lqm) lj) [nQ kf]t\] a]9\ul;t hyfefaL kf]Tg] jf kf]ltg] uL lunf] jf
n];fOnf] kbfy{ otfplt nfUg], 6fFl;g] lsl;dn] . > ntkltg c) lqm) ntkt eO{ kf]ltg
jf lnlkg n]lkg 3;flg . ntkTofO gf) ntkltg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . ntkTofOg c) l
qm) ntkt kflg . ntkTofpg k|) ] lqm) ntkt kfg{ . ntL gf) [lx) nt] s]fp;Fu} f]lkg]
ljafnLdf xg] Ps hftsf] bnxg v];L . ntnt lqm) lj) [c) d") nt\ c (l))] != lunf] kbfy{
uftf rxg] uL lnltltlt nttt . @= lunf] jf n]bf] kbfy{df dv uf8] wdfwd vfPh:t} uL .
ntntL lqm) lj) cem ntnt xg] u] . ntf gf) [;+)] != v, yfFqmf] cflbdf r9\g] jf hldgdf
km}lng] sdnf] afnf] nxf] aNnL . @= zfvf . #= ;sdf :qL . $= df]tLsf] n . s~h gf
slafIf . ~ s:t"L gf) ftf 8fF7 cFl8sf h:tf kft xg], kx]Fnf k"mn kmNg] tyf fdtf]l
f em;] sf];f nfuL To;leqsf] u]8faf6 s:t"Lsf] h:tf] af:gf cfpg] Ps af]6 . ~ s~h g
f) rf}lt nxfn] 3]lP 3h:tf] ag]sf] 7fpF ntfu[x . ~ u[x gf) ntfs~h . ntfd gf) cDaf
ntf d08k gf) [;+)] ntfs~h ntfu[x . ntf\g ;) lqm) [;+) ntf g] != eO{Fdf 3;|g] uL t
fpg l3::ofpg . @= n6k6 ug{ n6k6fpg . #= k5fg{ lufpg . $= 3;fg{ . %= l3pt]n cf
lbdf ;fukft ksfpg . ^= lgxfpg gxfpg . &= w]} vfg l3Rg . > ntflg s) lqm) != nt
g]{ sfd ulg . @= l3;flg k5flg lgxfOg . ntfofO gf) ntfg]{ efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof
fktf gf) != kfgL gxfnL e6g  s} edf cf]N6fO{kN6fO{ kfL tsfL ksfpg] sfd . @= sfdrnf
emffltfOsf lsl;dn] lnKg], n]Vg] jf sf]g]{ sfd . ntfxf lj) [nft cfxf] nfQL xfGg] :jefj
sf] b5]{ (3f]8f, e}F;L, ufO{ O)) . nltsf gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] nxf] . @= df]tLsf] n .
nTsg c) lqm) [nTsf] g] n]bf] jf lunf] j:t rxg . > nTsfO gf) nTsg] tyf nTsfpg]
efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nTsfOg c) lqm) nTsg nfOg . nTsfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != d
nTofu ug{ la:6fpg . @= nTsg nfpg rxfpg . nlTsg c) lqm) != rlxg . @= nTsg .
nTsf] gf) l;Fufgsf] cfF7f] . @= n]bf] kbfy{sf] Ps v]kdf rlxg] efu jf c+z .
1098

nQ lqm) lj) [;+) nt\ t] n]bf] jf lunf] kbfy{ Ps} rf]l6 lg:sg] jf lgsfNg] uL NofQ ;ft)
nttt . nQ gf) [;+) ntf] nxfdf kmNg], nfdf] e]6\g xg] Ps hftsf] \uLlj\uL af:gfbf
] k"mn . nQf gf) [;+) ntf] != sk8fs]f 6qmf] . @= kmf6]sf] kfgf] sk8f . #= nf]tf l
kmQf . ~ sk8f gf) nufkmf6f] j:q . nlQg c) lqm) [nft O g] != ghfg] jf c;fjwfgLsf sf0
sg} j:t jf JolStdfly nft nfUg . @= kflht xg xfg{ sfon xg . #= pk]lIft xg a]
jf:tf xg . nQf] gf) [;+) ntf] != pT;fx hfFu ;fx; lxDdt . @= pBf]u k|oTg . nofO gf
Q ( ofO)] nlQg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nofO gf) nofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof .
nofOg s) lqm) nlQg] kflg nfQLn] xflgg . nofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != nftn] 5g, x
 jf lxsf{pg nfQL nfpg . @= xf vjfpg p7\g glbO{ lgxfpg . nTofsnts  lqm) lj)
[c) d") nts\ > nTofs\ c (l))] != kUng] uL un] jf kfs] . @= ysfO, af]em, xf cflbn] zL
mtL{ jf ths :jfQ} xfpg] uL . nTofxf lj) tLgj6L 5f]L5f]L kfO;s]kl5 hGd]sf] 5f]f] t
fxf . nqg c) lqm) [nqSs g] != cfwf gkfO{ nxf]em}F k;flg emlG8g lgxg emSg
= z0fdf kg{ k;|g . #= v:g lug{ . $= 3dG8 5f8] gd| xg . %= nfrf jf ljjz xg . n
qSs lqm) lj) [c) d") nqs\ s] != lgxg] jf emSg] uL . @= emlG8g] rfnn] nqSs . #= cl
edfg, zlSt cflb 66] . $= k;|] z0fdf kg]{ rfn;Fu . nqfO gf) [ nq ( cfO)] != nqg] efj,
qmof jf k|lqmof . [nqfp cfO] @= nqfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nqfOg s) lqm)
lgxfOg . nqfpg ;) lqm) != nfrf ufpg ljjz kfg{ . @= emsfpg lgxfpg . #= eml
sf] j:tn] hldg 5jfpg ntfg{ . nlqg c) lqm) [nq O g] != nqg . @= emSg] sfd xg .
> nofO gf) nlqg] jf nofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . nofpg ;) lqm) nqfpg . nofx6 gf) nlqg] e
cj:yf jf lqmofk|lqmof nofO . nof:; lqm) lj) [c) d") nofF;\;] yfs] jf cf]OnfP nlqg
f
\
lqm) lj) [c) d") nof
\
] x]) nofGg . nofGg lqm) lj) [c) d") nofg\g] Hofb} ylst
] lsl;dn] un] . nyf] lj) [nfy|f] ] != df]6f]3f6f] eP klg tfut gePsf]

1099

nyfln
\unKkg5Kkg nlG7g' . $= cnkq x'g' . > nG8fO gf) nlG8g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n
G8fOg' s)lqm)nG8fpg] sfd ulg' . nG8fpg' k|) ] lqm) nlG8g] t'Nofpg' cnkq kfg'{ cfkmN
nkSs lqm) lj) [c) d") nks\s] != n];fOnf] j:t' 6fFl;g] uL . @= lunf] vfg]sf rf6\g] rfn
n] NofKk . #= ntSs . nk6f] gf) [ nk]6f]] != nk]6g \ ] jf a]g{] sfd nk]6f] . @= asf] a
?jf gnL . #= a]g]{ j:t' . $= na6f . nkg5kg gf) [ n'sfpl5kfp] != n'sfpg] l5kfpg] sfd
9fs5f]k . @= 9fF6\g] 5sfpg] sfd 5n5fd 9fF69'6 . nknk lqm) lj) [c) d") nk\c (l))] vf]
] cflb kftnf] vfg] sf] rf6] vfg] uL n'k'n'k' . > nknkfpg' ;) lqm) != vfg] rfxgfn] lha
f] aflx lgsfNg' ;fx|} rf6\g yfNg' nknk ug'{ . @= vfg]sfdf ;fx|} nf]leg' . nknk] lj) l
ha|f] nknk ug]{ vfgfdf nf]leg] nf]eL . nk]6\g ;) lqm) [;+) lnk\ g] != u6d  6   k
fg{ a]g{ . @= km]f] dfg{ . #= bO{ xftn] a]g{ cFufnf] xfNg . > nk]6fO gf) nk]6\
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nk]6fOg s) lqm) nk]6g \ nfOg . nk]6fpg k|) ] lqm) nk
]6g \ nfpg . nk]l6g s) lqm) a]lg cFufnf] dflg . nk]6j  f lj) != nk]l6Psf] a]lPs
. gf) @= km;L{sf] h:tf] kft xg], sfF8fbf ;fgf kmn kmNg] Ps af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn le
mlDemL6f . nk]6f]! gf) [nk]6 \ cf]] != nk]6g \ ] jf a]g{] sfd nk6f] . @= nk]6\g] j:t
 . #= asf] a]?jf gnL . nk]6f]@ gf) [;+) nk]6f] s;}nfO{ xTs]nfn] lbPsf] yKk8 na6f] .
nk]; gf) [g]jf) nKt]] != ufF;] la6 gp7fOPsf] kftsf] 6kL . @= nfkmf] kQn . nKsfO gf)
[ nKsfp ( cfO)] nKsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nKsfOg s) lqm) nKsfpg] sfd ulg
 rfl6g . nKsfpg ;) lqm) [nKsf] cfp g] != rf6] vfg . @= w]} vfg . #= 7uL ug{ 7u]
 jf tfGg . nlKsg s) lqm) [nKsf] O g] rfl6g w]} vfOg 7lug nKsfOg . nKsf] gf) c
] Hjfnf nk6 d:nf] fFsf] . nK6g gf) [c\) n]l6g]G6] != h\uL ;]jftkm{ sKtfgb]lv dlgs
;}lgs kb pk;]gfgL . @= cl3sf] cldgL cbfntdf xg] xflsd . > nK6gL gf) nK6gsf] kb jf
sfd . nKk lqm) lj) [c) d") nk\ k] nkSs . nKkg5Kkg gf) x]) nkg5kg .

. @= leh] ux|f}F ePsf] (j:t) . nyfln\u lqm) lj) a]lylt;Fu dfndQf lkmFlhP etfe\u c:
:t cnkq cfkmntfkmn . nbab lqm) lj) [ ntkt] n]bf] jf lunf] xg] uL baba ynyn . > nbab
) nbabf] . nbabf] lj) babafpFbf] nbab] baba] . nbf] gf) [ n]bf]] n]bf] . nbfO gf) [
( cfO)] != nfb\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [nbfp cfO] @= nbfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmo
f . [ > ] nbfOg s) lqm) nfb\g nfOg ux|fF} efL af]sfOg . nbfpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) !
= v"al;t sfddf hf]Tg . @= tflnddf a];L 3f]6\g . #= ux|f}F efL af]sfpg . nbfabL l
qm) lj) [nbab] != k|z:t dfqfdf w]} axt v"a . lj) @= 5]nf]v]nf] cfkmntfkmn k|z:t . nl
g c) lqm) [nfb\ O g] != sfddf v"a hf]ltg . @= tflnddf Hofb} ul8g . #= wl;g . $= ux
f}F efL af]lsg . %= csf{sf] ef xg . nbf] lj) [nfbf] pf]] vGrjf w]} vfg] vGr
[k|f)] leh] lunf] ePsf] nbf] ePsf] n]bf] . nb\b " lj) [nfb\ pm] != sg} sfd klg ug{ g
] a]sDdf ns . @= l56f]5ltf] gePsf] nf];] hD;f] . gf) #= elof sNnL . nG7 lj) [;+)
ns . > nG7s lj) ns . nG7g gf) [;+) n08] != k?ifsf] hgg]lGb|o ln\u, lzZg . @= sfd gnf
g] JolQm . nG7f gf) sfdsfhsf] emf]h 6G6f emd]nf cndn . nG7flwfh lj) [nG7 clwfh] cltd
fnG7 . nlG7g c) lqm) [;+) n07 g] != pBf]uJoj;fodf gnfuL To;} ylGsxg lg?Bf]uL xg
. @= sfdsf s]xL guL otfplt xlNnxg . #= cnkq xg . nG7" lj) [;+) n07] n6\7" ns . n
gf) [ nlG7 ( ofO)] != nlG7g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [nG7fp cfO] @= nG7fpg] lqmof jf k|
lqmof . [ > ] nG7fOg s) lqm) nlG7g] kflg . nG7fpg k|) ] lqm) nlG7g] kfg{ . nG7f
[;+) n07\] != nlG7g] sfd jf rfn . lj) @= sfd gnfUg] . ~ dG7f lqm) lj) nG7fnG7 .
qm) lj) st} gx]L jf xNnFb} Psf]xf]f] lxFl8x] . ~ nG7 lqm) lj) != otfplt nlG7g] uL
= h;f]t;f] u] sfd k6fpg] rfnn] nG7fdG7f . nG8g gf) [c\)] O\uNofG8sf] fhwfgL . nl
[;+) n08 O g] != n8La8L ug{ u8g \ . @= kLIffdf k|fozM c;kmn xg ulN6g . #= lg?Bf
]uL xg
(dfG5])

nk|Ssndh nk|Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") nk|s \ s] ns{g] uL nsf{P . nK;L gf) [ef]) a)] as}g
:tf kft xg] n:;fbf cldnf] ubL ePsf] kmn kmNg] Ps j[If jf To;}sf] kmn Zn]idfGts nf
};L . nkm\uf] lj) [kmf) nk\u] != sg} sfdsf] gx]L To;} nlG7P lxF8g \ ] sfdsfhsf]
a]sDdf . @= vfa cfr0f ePsf] abdf; . nkmGb lj) [ nkmGw] != w]} af]Ng] atf}] . > nk
mGbf] . nkmGbf] lj) != a]sDdf 2L . @= nkm\uf] . nkmGw lj) [;+) nkg w] != w]} af]N
@= :jf:gL d]sf] fF8f] . > nkmGwL lj) != w]} af]Ng] (:qL) kmtf}L . @= kf]O d]sL f
qm)lj) [ nkmnkm] nkmnkmfpg] vfnsf nuf xNnfP . nkmnkm lqm) lj) [;+) lnKt] != kfgL c
flbn] leh]sf nuf nfpFbf zLdf afa 6fFl;g] uL no|fsno|fs . lj) @= leh]sf] ?em]sf]
mfO gf) nkmnkmfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nkmnkmfOg c) lqm) nkmnkm xf]Og . nkmn
kmfpbf] lj) nkmnkm ubf]{ leh] t ePsf] . nkmnkmfpg' c) lqm) != n'uf lehL zLdf RofKk
fFl;g . @= kfgLn] a];L ?g lgy|Ss xg . nkm\uf] lj) x]) nkm\uf] . nk|mSs lqm) lj
c) d") nk|ms\ s] leh]sf] jf nfdf] ePsf] nuf xNng] jf eOd F{ f 3;|g] rfnl;t nkmnkm
. nkm\o|fsnkm\o|fs lqm) lj) [c) d") no|fs\ c (l))] != leh]sf] nuf zLdf RofKk 6fFl;g]
uL nkmnkm . @= nkm\uf] eP lxF8\g] rfnl;t ljgfsfdn] xlNnP . nkm\of | Ss lqm) lj) [c)
no|fs\ s] w]} kfFlhP nk|mSs xg] uL . nah gf) [c) nAh] != zAb kb . @= jrg af]nL . #
] tlsf egfO . $= clek|fo . na6f] gf) [ nk]6f]] != xy{\uf]b]lv hf]]sf cf}Fnfsf 6Kkf;
dsf] cfsf xTs]nf] nk]6f] . @= To:tf] cfsfn] u]sf] k|xf yKk8 . na6fO gf) [ na6fp
] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] na6fOg s) lqm) na6fn] xflgg . na6fpg ;) lqm) [na6
f] ofp g] != na6fn] xfGg yKKofpg . @= ufF; xfNb} wdfwd vfg uKofpg . na lj) [;+) n
!= e"m6f] sf ug]{ 9F6j  f km6fxf . @= w]} af]Ng] ukm8L ukmL . rf lj) != km6fOF
F8\g] . @= dvn] hut} dfg]{ . ~ kf8] lj) != gf6sdf xf:o;sf] clego ug]{ (kfq) ljb"ifs
. @= 76f}nf] xF:;Ldhfs ug]{ . #= htf;'s} klg sf] l7Ss kfg{ hfGg]
1100

naff] . ~ Njf7 lj) n07 a]sDdf . > naL gf) nasf] sfd jf :jefj . ~ :jf7 lj) d"v{ uf
b" . na/f] lj) x]) na/ . nar{f lj) [narf]f] != 9F6j ' f nar{" 9fF6 . @= w"t{ rf]
'm
\uf] . > nar{66 \ ' lj) nar{f] . na:tL gf) [na:tf]O{] != na:tf]sf] :qLk gsRr
gxgL jf 5'f pWofpg] 5fnf . na:tf] lj) [;+) e:t] != nfh gePsf] gsrf] lgn{Hh y]Qf]
afwf kfg]{ . gf) #= gxgL jf 5'f pWofpg] 5fnf . > na:tofO gf) na:tfsf] efj jf rfn . n
f lj) [ na] x]) na . ~ rf]f lj) narf]f . ~ kf8 ] lj) nakfF8] . > naff] lj) x]
kmf)] d'v;Dd x'g] uL elPsf] 6gf6g elk"0f{ . nlaw] lj) [;+) nDaf]b] df]6f] cUnf] s
f] sfF6sf] nb"{ lwL . na]b gf) [;+) j]b] l9kDkf k'fgf] Lltljfh nf]sfrf . na]bf
donkf]; bf}f . nAw lj) [;+)] != xfl;n ulPsf] k|fKt . @= ul0ftdf efu cflb ubf{ k|fKt
ePsf] (pQ nlAw efukmn) . #= af]w ePsf] . $= sdfPsf] clh{t . sfd lj) ceLi6 sfd k"f e
] OlR5t kbfy{ k|fKt ePsf] . sLlt{ lj) k|l;4 ljVoft gfd'b lj>'t . ~ k|lti7 lj) k|ltl
nAwsLlt{ . nAwf
\s gf) [;+)] kLIff cflbdf k|fKt ePsf] c
\s k|fKtf . ~ kq gf) nAwf
\s l
] kq (dfs{l;6) . nlAw gf) [;+)] != k|flKt cleu|x0f . @= nfe kmfObf . #= ul0ftdf efu
kmn . negfjnL gf) [;+)] ;fwf0f xlof] kft x'g] saLsf hftsf] Ps jg:klt . nefgL gf) Ps b
O{ lkm6 nfdf kft x'g,] e'mKkfdf ftf k"mn k'mNg] nK;Lsf h:tf kmn kmNg], l;pF8Lsf h
ftsf] af]6ljz]if . nEo lj) [;+)] != kfpg of]Uo k|fKt ug{ nfos . @= pko'Qm plrt . #=
;'af]w . ndsemds lqm) lj) [ndSsemdSs] emD6g vf]Hg] uL cfqmd0f ug]{ rfnl;t nDsLemDsL
. ndsnds lqm) lj) [c) d") nds\c (l))] nfdf] km8\sf df] nuftf lxF8\g] uL nDsg] rfnn]
. ndSs lqm) lj) [c) d") nds\s] nfdf] km8\sf xfn] lxF8]em}F uL nDsg] rfnn] . ndh'
g
[ef] ) a) ] g] k fn clwfHosf] u08sL

1101

ndtGgnlDdg ulg] s\u] 8:gf . nDk6@ lj) [;+)] != sfdjf;gfn] cf;St ljnf;L sfds . gf)
fds k?if . tf gf) nDk6 xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt . nDk;f lj) [nfdf] k;f] != xftuf]8f k;f
ts ] f] eOd F{ f km}n] kN6]sf] . lqm) lj) @= ndtGg . nDkmf gf) [c\) NofDk] d6Lt]n f
vL aQL afNg] Ps k|sfsf] nfnl6gh:tf] ;fwg ofnDkmf . nDk"m lj) [nkm\u]] != sfd ug{ ghfG
] jf sfd gkfPsf] nkm\uf] a]sfL . @= ns d"v{ nvg66\6" . nDa gf) [;+)] != sg} Ps ;n
f]0f aGg] uL lvlrPsf] csf]{ ;n ]vf . lj) @= nfdf] lj:tL0f{ bL3{ ljzfn . #= ;Lwf p7]sf
7f8f] . s0f{ lj) != nDsGgf . gf) @= afv|f] . #= xfQL . $= fIf; lkzfr . %= k|tfk dNn
sf ;dodf cfPsf Ps bflIf0ffTo tflGqs a|fXd0f . nDa gf) [c\) gDa] != gDa ;\Vof . @= c
nDaL lj) [nDa O{] != nDa ePsf] gDaL . @= c;n pDbf (;g) . gf) #= ;o ?lkofF jf To;eGb
ysf] gf]6 . $= ;sfff ljlzi6 ljfg\nfO{ lbOg] dfg jf dof{bf . ~ hUuf gf) hf]tjfnfs} gfp
df ePsf] hUuf . nDaf lj) [;+) nDa] != nfdf] nDa . gf) @= ;k{ nfDsLf] . nDafO gf) [nDa
fO] ndfO . ~ rf}8fO gf) != nfdf] rf}8fsf] gfkf] uh ndfOsf] gfk . @= lj:tf km}nfj6 .
sf] PsfO gf) }lvs gfksf] ;aeGbf ;fgf] kldf0f . nDaf rf}8f lj) [nDaf rf}8f] != nfdf] k
lsnf] . @= lj:tfdf km}nfOPsf] ljj0foQm nDa]rf}8] (ukm, n]v cflb) . #= Hofbf nfdf] nd
n:6 . nlDag c) lqm) [nDa O g] x]) nlDdg . nlDasf gf) [;+)] ?b|306L lsnlsn] pklhXjf
lDat lj) [;+)] != emlG8Psf] nq]sf] gx]sf] n6\lsPsf] . @= :ylut . #= s;}sf] cf8ef];f
df x]sf] cjnlDat cfl>t . nDasf]6 gf) [nDa sf]6] 3F8f;Dd cfpg] Gofgf] vfnsf] sf]6 6ks
]6 cf]esf]6 . nDa] lj) [nDa P] nfdf] nDaf bL3{ ljzfn . ~ rf}8 ] lj) nDafrf}8f . tf
nfdf] v"a nDaf . nDaf]Q lj) [;+)] nfDrf] nD:ofOnf] . nDaf]b gf) [;+)] != u0f]z . lj)
@= 7"nf] e8 F L ePsf] e8 F ]. nDAofO gf) [ nlDa ( ofO)] != nlDag] efj, lqmof jf k|l
qmof . [nDAofp cfO] @= nDAofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nDAofOg s) lqm) nfdf
] ufOg nDDofOg . nDAofpg ;) lqm) kfg{ nDDofpg . nlDdg c) lqm) [nfdf] O g] != n
xg nlDag . @=

c~rncGtu{t kg]{ Ps lhNnf . ndtGg lqm) lj) [nfdf] tGg] != ;Tbf xftuf]8f lkmFhfP k;flP
k;f lrt . lj) @= nfdf] xg] uL tflgPsf] . ndnd lqm) lj) [c) d") nd\ c (l))] x]) ndsnds
. ndn:6 lj)x]) nldn:6 . ndfO gf) [nfdf] cfO] nfdf]klsf] Ps }lvs gfk nDafO . nldg c)
[nfdf] O g] nfdf] xg nlDag . nldgL! gf) [nfdf OgL] nfdf hftsL :qL nd]gL . nldgL@ g
[ndL gL] ndLsf] sfd ug]{ :qL . nldn:6 lj) jfSs nfUg] lsl;dsf] k6fnfUbf] (ukm, sf O))
dL gf) [g]jf)] ljjfxdf jjw" bj} kIfdf sfsfgL ldnfpg] JolQm nfFk" . nd]gL gf) [nfdf P
nfdfhfltsL :qL nldgL . nDsg c) lqm) [nDsf] g] nfdf] km8\sf xfn] l56f] lxF8g \  nd
s lxF8\g n:sg bf}8g . nDsGgfnDsGg] lj) [nfdf] sfg cfP] != nfdf] sfg ePsf] . gf) @=
osyfdf jl0f{t nfdf sfg xg] b}To . nDsfqmL gf) [nfdf]sfFqmf]O{] ss8L . nDsfO gf) [ nD
(cfO)] != nDsg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [nDsfpcfO] @= nDsfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqm
of . [ > ] nDsfOg' s) lqm) nDsg nfOg' . nDsfpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != lxF8b \ f xftu
f]8f cflb l56f]l56f] rnfpg' l56f] lxF8\g nfpg' . @= xftuf]8f cflb tfGg' jf tGsfpg
' . nlDsg' c) lqm) != nDsg' . @= nfdfnfdf kfOnf uL lxF8g \ '. nDsLemDsL gf) [ ndsemd
s] s;}nfO{ emD6g] p2]Zon] nDsg] sfd xdnf ug]{ tfn;' ndsemds . nDsf] gf) [nDscf]] != n
fdf] sbd nfdf] km8\sf] . @= af6fsf] s]xL nfdf] ;f]emf] c+z ns{g . nDsf]; ] lj) [nfd
f]sf];P] cfFvfsf] sf]; nfdf] ePsf] . nDrfOnf] lj) [nfDrf]cfOnf]] nfDrf] k]sf] nflDrnf
. nlDrg c) lqm) [nfDrf] O g] nfDrf] xg nlDdg tGsg . > nDRofO gf) nlDrg] jf nDRo
] lqmofk|lqmof . nDRofOg s) lqm) nfDrf] kflg s]xL nDAofOg . nDRofOnf] lj) nfDrf] k
sf] nfDrf] cfsfsf] . nDRofpg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) nfDrf] kfg{ s]xL nDAofpg tGsfpg . n
56 lj) [lx) nd 58] != xf ldn]sf] k\lQma4 nfd jf tfFtL ldnfOPsf] . @= xnSs a9]sf] . nDt
g lqm) lj) x]) ndtGg . > nDtGg] lj) != nDa]tfg nfdf] . @= cUnf] nlaw] . nDk6! gf) [nD
!= ;fgf] vfnsf] kftnf] 8:gf . @= sfk]6 { cflbdf la5fOg] jf kb]zsf] ofqfsf ;dodf k
|of]u

nDo|fnd | nSof{O tlGsg tflgg . #= l9nf] xg ljnDa xg 6fFlug . > nDDofO gf) n
g] jf nDDofpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nDDofOg s) lqm) nfdf] kflg tGsfOg . nDDof
pg ;) lqm) != nfdf] kfg{ 6Fufpg . @= l9nf] ug{ ljnDa ug{ . nDo|fnd| gf) [c) d"
nDo|f\ c (l))] != ndf | ] rfn nf];f] lxF8fO . lqm) lj) @= To:tf] rfnn] lxF8] . nDn:6
lj) [ nldn:6] nfdf] k6f nfUg] vfnsf] (sf) nldn:6 . nD:ofOnf] lj) [nfDrf] ofO nf]]
5fF6sf] nfdf] eP k;flPsf] (7fpF) . @= nfdf] ;n;nfpFbf] (xft uf]8f cflb) . no gf) [;
)] != Ps j:t csf{ j:tdf lrGg 5fpg g;lsg] lsl;dn] ldn]sf] cj:yf ldnfg ljno . @= ux
g Psfu|tf dgsf] nLgtf tNnLgtf . #= ;[li6sf] cGtdf xg] dxfgfz ljgfz lj36g k|no . $= k
|R5Ggtf cb[Zotf cbz{g . %= ;\uLtdf :jsf] cff]x / cj/f]xsf] ljz]if tLg qmd (ljnlDat, d
Wo Knt) . ^= lj>fd:yn cfjf; lgjf; . &= cfln\ug . *= cffd . (= sg} sfd hfGgsf nflu r
lxg] tGdotf nof] . bf lj) != no ePsf] ;f\uLlts . @= fd|f] ;Gb . #= cfgGbk|b . no
c\) n];] ;Gbtfsf nflu kf];fssf] lsgfdf hl8g] ];d cflbsf] lkmQf kf uf]6f n}; . no;@
Qd j:q, uxgf cflbn] ;lh;hfp ePsf] emlem n}; . nofnnofnf] lj) [;+) no cfncfnf]] !=
n rf}6f g5lg] uL Ps} 7fpFdf ldl;Psf] uf9f kGofnf] . @= Psgf; eP ldn]sf] nobf . nof
) [;+) no] != sg} sfd l;Sg rflxg] Psfu|tf tGdotf . @= sg} sfdsf] yfxf kfpg jf l;Sg tN
nLg eP nfUg] sfd . #= sfd ug]{ kmtL{ hfFu . nSs lqm) lj) [c) d") ns\ s] != ns{g] jf
sg] uL . @= yfn]sf] sfdsf] ;kmn gxb F f pT;fx dg]{ rfnl;t . nv lqm)lj) [ nn] ljgf
plt nvlg] uL nv{lg] rfnn] . > nvfO gf) nvfpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nvfOg c
pg c) lqm) ljgfsfd otfplt lxF8g \  nvlg . nvfx6 gf) nvfpg] l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lq
lg c) lqm) nvfpg . nvofO gf) nvlg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nvofOg s) lqm) n/
. nvofpg k|) ] lqm) axsfpg cndNofpg . nvofx6 gf) nvlg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqm
nem gf) [;+) nn\ (l))] s;}sxfF cfphfp ug]{ jf cGo k|sfn] ;DaGw :yfkgf ug]{ qmd jf sf
d .
1102

na lqm) lj) [nv] != ljgfsfd xNng] uL nv . @= 8, nfh, ;\sf]r, ba{ntf, ws, dft cf
dvaf6 nafP zAb lg:sg] uL n8a8 . #= f]u, sdhf]L cflbsf sf0fn] zL lzlyn eO{ fd|L
P . > nafO gf) nafpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nafOg c) lqm) nvfOg af]nL n8a8f
lqm) != ljgfsfd otfplt lxF88n ug{ nvfpg . @= af]nL n6kl6g n8a8fpg . #= sdhf]L cf
lbn] uf]8f sfDg . nalg c) lqm) nofaof ug{ n6kl6g nafpg . na] lj) na ug
nalg] tyf naofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . naofOg s) lqm) cndNofOg . naofpg ;) lqm) != c
d laufg]{ lgot lnP uf]ndfn ug{ cndNofpg nofaof ug{ . @= d5\g n6k6fpg . #= f
f]Ln] uf]8f wd kfg{ . naofx6 gf) nalg] sfd, lsl;d jf cj:yf . nnufgL gf) [(l)) n
f ?lkofF nufpg] jf ;fk6L lbg] sfd . nn lqm) lj) [c) d") n\ c (l))] Psf]xf]lP lxF8\g]
n? nOFnOF . nls lj) != km:6fPsf] ;nSs a9]sf] . @= ;KnfPsf] nfossf] (k|f0fL) . nlof
gf) [ nL] wfuf], 8f]L cflbsf] ;fgf] csf]{ uR5f] nL nL . nL! gf) [c\)] dfndQf cf]
fl8 5t vnf ePsf] 7"nf] df]6 dfnjfxs df]6 nxL . nL@ [;+) nltsf] != wfuf], kf]t] cflb
;fgf] nL nlof] . @= wfuf], kf]t] cflb a]]sf] nfDrf] lsl;dsf] uR5f] . ns{g c) lqm)
n6\s g] != n6\sg emf]lng emlG8g . @= n6sn6s xNng . #= c;kmn eO{ kms{g lgfz eP l
mg{ . $= ;s{g . > ns{g gf) != ns{g] j:t emf]lNng] rLh (emNn, emDsf cflb) . @= w
fg uf]8b \ f gnn] gkf5f];\ egL lgufnf jf gs{6sf 9\u|f pgL hfnLh:tf] agfOPsf], Ho
fdLn] gf8Ldf nufpg] pks0f . #= Ps la;fpgLb]lv csf]{ la;fpgL;Ddsf] lxF8fO j]u . $=
g]6f] jf df]8 gcfpFbf;Ddsf] ;f]emf] af6f] . nsf{O gf) ns{g] jf nsf{pg] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . nsf{Og s) lqm) n6\sfOg . nsf{pg ;) lqm)k|]) lqm) != n6\sfpg emG8fp
g . @= lx::ofP kmsf{pg . nsf]{! gf) [ nL] kf]t], wfuf] cflbsf] nL . nsf]@ { gf) [k
f) n\s] dflg; cflb lxF8]sf] nfdf] tfFtL n:s k\lQm nfd . ~ ;sf] { gf) 5f]OlbNnuL 5]
nSof{O gf) [nls{ ofO] nls{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof .

1103

nv{/nNofsnns  aflx lgsfNb} NofkNofk ug]{ sfd . #= s]6fs]6L efeL . nngf gf) [;+)]
= sfldgL . @= ;GbL :qL . #= lha|f] . $= lanf}gf nnf}L . > nnlgsf gf) nngf :qL . nngL
nxgL gf) x]) nnxL . nnxL gf) cfgf bMv, kL cflb cl;t kf]Vg] sfd bMva];fO lanf}gf
nnfp ( cfO)] dL7f sfn] kmsfpg] sfd nnfpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . kmsfO gf) nnfpg] kmsfp
sfd . [ > ] nnfOg s) lqm) nnfpg] sfd ulg kmsfOg . nnfOgkmsfOg s) lqm) nnfOkmsfO
ulg . nnfpg ;) lqm) [;+) nng cfp g] dL7f sf u] dgfpg jf enfpg kmsfpg kmNof
fpg ;) lqm) dL7fdL7f sfdf enfP cfk"mn] eg]sf] dfGg] ufpg nnfOkmsfOdf kfg{ . nnf6
) [;+)] != d:ts dfy lgwf . @= kk{f] rfFbf] . #= efUo k|fAw . nnfd lj) [;+)] != f
]x . @= lk|o . #= >]i7 pQd . gf) $= uxgf cn\sf cfe"if0f . %= Tg . ^= emG8f ktfsf .
j) [;+)] != lrQ k|;Gg kfg]{ dgkbf]{ Koff] lk|o . @= ;Gb dgf]x d0fLo . #= sf]dn g
clenlift ceLi6 . %= nfj0odo . gf) ^= k|:tt sfo{ jf 36gfnfO{ k|ToIfkdf j0f{g gu] To
:t} c sg} sfo{ jf 36gfsf] pNn]v ubf{ kg]{ Ps sfJofn\sf . ~ snf gf) dgsf ;"Id efj ;sd
f tyf ;f}Gbo{k0 " f{kdf cleJol~ht xg] snf cyf{t\ jf:t, d"lt{, ;\uLt, lrq cflb sn
f (kmfOg cf6{\;) . kQg gf) nlntk . k gf) != sf7df8f}F pkTosfleqsf] Ps lhNnf . @=
f6g ;x . ~ lj:tf gf) a4sf] rlqsf] j0f{g ulPsf] Ps k|l;4 af}4 u|Gy . nlnt] lj) [nlnt
!= k ;Lksf] clego ug]{ . @= dL7f] sf u] k|efj kfg]{ . #= lrKnf sf u] cnfO{ df]l
a];f] . > nlnTofO gf) nlnt] 5fF6 jf rfn . nnf}f gf) [;+) nngcf}f] Joy{sf] uGyg jf ug
nf}L . nnf}L gf) [;+) nngcf}L] != nngf nnf}f . @= nnf}fsf] :qL k . ~ kmsf}L gf)
kmsfpg] sfd . ~ lanf}L gf) nnf}L ufpFb} lanf}gf ug]{ sfd ugug lanf}gf . nnf}] lj)
f}fP] nnf}f ufpg] Joy{sf] uGyg ug]{ . nNofsn'ns ' lqm) lj) [c) d") nNofs\cn'nf]] !=
ls b'a{ntfsf sf0fn] un] SnfGt x'g] uL . @= lkmtnf] n'nf]

nv{ lqm) lj) nv . > nv{fO gf) nvfO . nv{fOg' s) lqm) nvfOg' . nv{fpg' c) lqm)
) nvfx6 . nv{lg' c) lqm) nvlg' . nv{ofO gf) nvofO . nv{ofOg' s) lqm) nvofOg'
) nvofpg' . nv{ofx6 gf) nvofx6 . nt{f] lj) [;+) nn\t\cf]] != dfd'nL ;fwf0f ;f
ef]e'] . nb' { lj) [;+) nDaf]b] cUnf] sbsf] nlaw] lwL . na{ lqm) lj) na . > na{
Og' c) lqm) nafOg' . na{fpg' c) lqm) nafpg' . na{fx6 gf) nafx6 . na{lg' c) lqm
) naofO . na{ofOg' s) lqm) naofOg' . na{ofpg' ;) lqm) naofpg' . nofsn'?s lqm) l
s\c (l))] != cf]Onfpg] jf v'Drg] uL . @= jz kfg]{ rfnl;t . nof
tof
nof
aof
nof
d
!= h;f]t;f] uL sfddf ;':tL Nofpg] rfnl;t cNof
dNof
. @= f]u jf sdhf]Lsf sf0fn] ;':tL
ug]{ jf lxF8\g] uL . #= nfkafxL jf pk]Iffk"j{s sfdsf] ug]{ u] . nn lgkf) != csf] s
f dGh' ubf{ elgg] zAb . @= k|]0ff, k|f]T;fxg jf pQ]hgf lbgsf lglDt k|of]u ulg] zAb n
f}nf} . lj) af]) #= sg} vtf, lauf jf cfkt\ cfOkbf{ cflQP af]lng] zAb . nnsf\g ;) lq
[nnsf g] n8fOF, emu8f cflbsf lglDt cfXjfg ug{ o4sf nflu xfFs lbg nnsf ug{ . nnsf
) [k|f) nNnSs] != n8fOF, emu8f cflbsf lglDt ulg] cfXjfg xfFs rgf}tL . @= xKsfO bKsL
. nnsffO gf) [ nnsf\ ( cfO)] n8fOF cflbdf xfFs jf rgf}tL lbg] sfd nnsfg]{ efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nnsflg s) lqm) xfFs lbOg . nnrfO gf) [ nnrfp ( cfO)] nnrfpg] efj,
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nnrfOg s) lqm)c) lqm) != nf]EofOg . @= nf]leg . nnrfp
g ;) lqm) [nfnr cfp g] != csf] dgdf nfnr hufpg nf]Eofpg . c) lqm) @= nfnrdf kg{ nf
leg . nnlrg c) lqm) [nfnr O g] nfnrdf kg{ nf]leg nf]edf kg{ nAw xg . > nnRofO
nnlrg] jf nnRofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . nnRofOg s) lqm) nnrfOg . nnRofpg ;) lqm) nnr
fpg . nnRofx6 gf) nnlrg] efj, l:ylt jf lqmofk|lqmof nnRofO . nng gf) [;+)] != v]na
f8 qmL8f cfdf]bk|df]b . @= lha|f]

nNofnn  nx] jf nlrnf] eP htf nUof] pt} xNng] uL yfldg g;Sg] rfnl;t nNofnn  .
) lj) [c) d") nNof\ c nnf]] x]) nNofsnns  . nj gf) [;+)] != ;fgf] efu v08 6qmf] . @
yf]} kldf0f cNkdfqf . #= ;dosf] ;"Id ljefu 5QL; lgd]ifsf] ;do . $= xflg gf]S;fgL . %
= qmL8f . ^= pmgL kl:dgf . &= fdsf Ps 5f]fsf] gfd . nj\u gf) [;+)] Njfsf] nxf] jf To
f] k"mn Njf . nj0f gf) [;+)] != gg . c; gf) !=zqgff dflPsf], dw fIf;sf] Ps
s gssf] gfd . ~ ;db | gf) Iff;db| . > nj0ffs gf) ggsf] vfgL ;db| hnfzo . nj0ff]Q
) l;Fwg ] g  ojIff . njn]z gf) [;+)] Hofb} yf]} kldf0f :jNk dfqf . nj;Dnf] gf) [;
nj ;Dnf]] afLdf af afg{ k|of]u ulg] 7"nf] 3f]rf] jf nf7f] uhaf . njfO gf) [nfp cfO]
pg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof nfpg] 9\u . @= klxg . n;sG8] lj) [;+) n; sG8f]] xnrn ug{ grf
xg] a;]sf] a:o} ug]{ . n;sd;sn;sn;s lqm) lj) [c) d") n;s\ c (l))] xfQL cflb lxF8]em}F
uL n:sfOsf rfndf . n;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") n;s\ s] n:sg] rfnl;t . n;k; [c\) nD; ;+) :kz{
= ;+;u{ 5ft5"t 5jf5"t . @= :qL k?ifsf aLrsf] cg}lts uKt ;Dks{ Jolerf . > n;kl;g
c) lqm) n;k; xg ;+;u{ xg cf;Qm xg nxl;g ltg km:g . n;k;] lj) n;k; ug]{ . n;
fO gf) n;kl;g] jf n;k:ofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . n;k:ofpg k|) ] lqm) n;k;df kfg{ . n;k
:ofx6 gf) n;kl;g] sfd, lsl;d jf l:ylt . n;g gf) [;+) nzg] ;uGwfhsf h:tf nfdfnfdf
xlof kft xg] kf]6Lsf kdf sGb xg], d;fnf tyf cf}ifwLsf kdf k|of]u xg,] Kofh jf 5f
kLsf hftsf] af]6 jf To;sf] sGb nzg nx;g . > n;g ] lj) != n;g vfg] . @= n;gsf]
h:tf] uGw cfpg] . gf) #= lfsf h:tf xlof lrNnf kft xg,] \uLla\uL k"mn kmNg] Ps j[
]if . n:sg c) lqm) [;+) n;\ g] xfQL jf To:t} sg} df]6f] k|f0fL lxF8\g nDsg xfQL lx
8]em}F uL lxF8\g . n:s gf) [kmf) nZs] dflg; jf cGo hLjsf] nfdf] tfFtL nsf]{ nfd k\
n:sL gf) [n:s O{] cfOdfO{xn] sfgsf l8ndf nufpg] dGb|L n:sLdGb|f . ~ pv gf) Ps hf
7"nf] df]6f] pv . ~ dGb|fdGb|L gf) gfLn] sfgsf l8ndf nufpg]
1104

dGb|L n;sL . n:sfO gf) [ n:s ( cfO)] n:sg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n:sfOg s) l
m) n:sg nfOg n:sg] kflg . n:sfpg k|) ] lqm) n:sg nfpg n:sg] kfg{ . nl:sg c) lqm
) n;sn;s lxF8\g n:sg . n:sf] gf) [n;s cf]] != nfdf] km8\sf] jf kfOnf] n:sfO . @= xT
s]nfdf lnFbf PskN6 3:g kUg] t]n jf ;f] t]nsf] 3;fO (h:tf] Ps n:sf] t]n) . #= k:s
Fbfv]l kGo"df Ps k6sdf cfPsf] yf]} l9F8f] . n:SofO gf) [ nl:s ( ofO)] nl:sg] efj, lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n:Sofx6 gf) n:sg] sfd, lsl;d jf 9fFrf n:sfO . nl:6g ;) lqm) [n
:t O g] w]} lau|g . n:t lj) [;+) Zny] != f]u, ysfO cflbsf sf0fn] lzlyn ePsf] ylst n
fGt . @= 6fFl;Psf] cfln\lut . n:;f gf) [k|f) nl;cf] uFb, df8, vf]6f] cflbdf xg] 6
fFl;g] tj n];fOnf]kg Rof6Rof6 nfUg] u0f . bf lj) n:;f ePsf] n];fOnf] . > n:;fn l
;fbf . n:;L gf) bxLaf6 tof kflPsf] Ps k|sfsf] :jflbnf] ;a{t jf k]o j:t . nxuf gf) [
n
\s  sdc
\uf] != cfOdfO{xn] sddf OFhfn] afFwL kmlofsf] ;f nufpg] Ps cwf]j:q . @=
df?gLn] nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] nfdf] j:q . nx6] gf) [nfxf6]] nfxf;DaGwL sfd ug]{ Ps ju{
jf hflt . nx8 gf) [;+) nxl] != t
\u ts{gf ljrf . @= OR5f cfsf
\Iff . #= cfdf]b ljn
gf) nx8 . > nx8L lj) nx8 ug]{ :jefjsf] t
\uL dgdf]hL l;s . nxgtxg gf) [;+) negk|f)
= k};fsf] sff]af n]gb]g nufgL nxgf . @= Jojxf . nxgf gf) [ ;+ ) nUg ] != jfl0fHoJoj;
;fk6 cflbdf Aofh, d'gfkmf cfpg] uL ?lkofFk};f nufpg] sfd nufgL . @= n]gb]gsf] Joj
xf . #= efUoef]u . $= sf}6l' Das ;DaGw . nx gf) [;+) nxL] != kfgLdf xfjf nfUbf p7\g]
5fn t
\u nxL . @= Wjlg, k|sfz, ljB't\ cflbsf] t
\u . #= k
\lQm sfnd tfFtL . $= hf];
df]hdHhf nx8 . nxL! gf) [c
\) nL] dfnjfxs 7"nf] uf8L nL . nxL@ gf) [;+)] nx k|jfx
gf) k|]d, n8fOF cflb f]rs /f]df~rs ljifo jf 36gfljz]ifsf] ;jfO{h:tf] nf]s5Gbdf /l
rPsf] uLt jf uLltsfJo . nx] lj) [nxf]P] != nx ldn]sf] k
\lQma4 . @= nxf

1105

nxf]nfps] cf];fg'{ . @= p8fpg' rDk6 kfg'{ . nfs'L gf) vLsf 5fF6sf] dl;gf nfDrf kft x
xfFuflaFuf xfNg] vljz]if . nfqmf] gf) [;+) nf
\u'n] Ps af]6 pv'sf] l;
\uf] 8fF7 9fFs .
nf8f] gf) [;+) n08] k'?if jf ghfltsf] d"q]lGb|o lzZg ln
\u . nfk ' gf) ndL . nfO6 g
!= 6r{ nfO6 . @= aQL . nfO6 gf) [c
\)] r'f]6 cflb ;Nsfpg k]6f]n, UofF; cflb xflnPsf],
lyr] u8L aflng] ljleGg cfsfk|sfsf] x'g] Ps pks0f . nfOg gf) [c
\)] != k
\lQm hfd t
= wsf]{ ]vf . #= lah'nLsf] vDafdf nufOPsf] tf lah'nLsf] s]G6 . $= hldgdf la5fOPsf] kf
Lsf] kfOk . %= ]nsf] lns . ^= k9fO jf hflu/sf] ljifo . ~ Dofg gf) 6]lnkmf]g, lah'n
L cflbdf aflxsf] sfd ug]{ sd{rfL k'm6an v]ndf emG8f lnP 5]p5fpdf sbL ;
\s]t lbg] JolQm
. nfOg' s) lqm) [nfpOg'] nufOg' . nfOgf] 6fOk gf) [c
\)] d'b0 | fsndf PsPs nfOg jf xkm
f] Ps l9sf] x'g] ljsl;t cj:yfsf 6fOksf] Ps k xkmd'b| . nfOa|l ] og gf) [c
\)] k':tsfno
WoIf u|Gykfn . nfOa| ] L gf) [c
\)] k':tsfno u|Gyfuf . nfO;f gf) [nfO{;f] nfpg] s
] sfd (vfO;f ls nfO;f d]kl5 nDk;f pvfg) . nfO;]G; gf) [c\)] != tf]lsPsf] dfn, j:t l
;L jf k}7fL ug{ lgodadf]lhd lbOPsf] cgdltkq . @= lghL jf ef8fjfn ;afLrfnsnfO{ ;afL
;fwg rnfpg P]gadf]lhd ;sfaf6 lbOg] cgdltkq . #= ]l8of] cflb k|of]u ug{ ;sfaf6 lbOg]
cgdltkq . nfO{! gf) [ nfxf] ;fukftdf nfUg] clt dl;gf vfnsf sfnfsfnf sLf vdf nfxf k}b
f ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] sLf . ~ lsf gf) ;fukftdf nfUg] dl;gf sLf nfO{ . nfO{@ k|To) Jofs0
d{ ;Dk|bfg sfssf] ljelQmsf kdf xg] ltLofdf nf]k eP klg k|of]u xg] k;fws k|Too (h
fOnfO{ af]nfpm, d xlnfO{ k:ts lbG5) . nfpg ;) lqm) [nufp g] != nufpg . @= aGb ug
{ yGg (pbf) 9f]sf nfpg gla;{) . #= sg} zAbsf k5fl8 k|oQ  m eP ug{sf lglDt k| ] 0f
f lbg] cy{ aemfpg] lqmofkb (h:tf] uf]tf nfpg eGg nfpg O)) . nfps] lj) [;+) nfjs]
!= csf{n] cx|fPsf] sfd dfq ug]{ v6gk6gsf] sfd dfq ug]{ . @= a];f]sfsf] sfddf cl3 ;
g]{ nfk|m] nfe|] .

ePsf] nxfsf ksf] . #= vsf xfFufaf6 nxf]em}F lg:sL emlG8Psf] . ~ cfk gf) nxfdf kmNg
6sf cfsfsf Ps hftsf] cfFk . ~ vf]sL gf) ljz]if u] afnsxnfO{ Psf]xf]} lsl;dn] nfUg] v
L (x'lk
skm) . ~ lrq gf) nx} qmd ldnfOPsf] lkmNdL lrq . ~ Rofp gf) vdf pd|g] ;]tf]
\
] k"mnh:tf] vfg x'g] nxfbf Rofp . ~ hfO{ gf) cf]lno;L ;d"xsf] PsyL ;]tf] k"mn . ~ lt
ly gf) ;f]x| >f4 . ~ bxL gf) hd]sf] afSnf] bxL . bf lj) nxf ePsf] . ~ b'af] gf) s]x
fgf kft, 5f]6f cfFVnf nfdf] nxf x'g] b"af] ljz]if . ~ wf]tL gf) dndn cflb ;]tf] sk
8fsf] e'O{F xlof] FufO{ rf}8fOsf] efudf vsf] nxfh:tf] af
\uf]af
\uf] w;f]{ kg]{ uL nfD
a'f kflPsf] hgfgf wf]tL . ~ lkkn gf) xfFufaf6 nxf] lg:sg] Ps hftsf] kLkn . ~ a9fO gf
nuftfsf] a9fOF . nxf] gf) [nxcf]] yfFqmf], v cflbdf a]lx|P r9\g] jf hldgdf km}ng] n
] af]6 a]nf] ntf emfn aNnL . nxnx lqm) lj) [nxnx] != xlof cGgsf af]6, ;fu, 3fF; cf
eO{ ;k|g] rfnl;t xlof]elnf] x'g] uL . lj) @= xlnf]elnf] nxnxfpFbf] . > nxnxfO gf) n
g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . nxnxfOg' c) lqm) nxnx xf]Og' . nxnxfpbf] lj) nxnx ePsf] x
lnf]elnf] . nxnxfpg' c) lqm) nxnx x'g' xlnf]elnf] x'g' . nx; gf) k|;Ggtf v';L cfgG
gf) != n;k; 5"t5ft ;+;u{ . @= u'Kt sfdsf] vf;v; . > nx;fO gf) nx;fpg] efj, lqmof jf
lqmof nx:ofO . nx;fOg c) lqm) nxl;g] xf]Og . nx;fpg c) lqm) nxl;g . nxl;g c) lq
m) != cf;Qm xg lQg km:g . @= OR5f x g  e m Sg . nx:ofO gf) nxl;g] jf nx:ofpg
] lqmofk|lqmof . nx:ofOg s) lqm) k|d ] df cNemfOg cf;Qm kflg . nx:ofpg ;) lqm) c
f;Qm kfg{ ofpg emsfpg . nx;g gf)x]) n;g . nx:ofx6 gf) [nxl; ofx6] nxl;g] sfd, l
d jf cj:yf nx:ofO . nxL gf) [nxf] O{] ;fgf] nf}f] nf}L . ~ lk~h lj) ;fx|} bAnf]
9n nf}Llk~h . nxf] gf) [;+) nu8] nf}f] nf7f] nL ;f]f b08f . nx} lj) af]) s;}
ts{ ufpg jf sg} sfsf] hfgsfL lbg k|of]u ulg] zAb nf} x} . nx} gf) csf{sf] axsfp
nf xfxf . nf lj) af]) k5tf], crDd, ;Demgf cflb JoQm ubf{ elgg] zAb . (pbf) nf, vl;
xfNof] lg nf, d}n] t eGg} kf] la;]{5) . nfg ;) lqm) [;+) nf g] != n}hfg, lnP hfg
Ug

nfp8 l:ks/nflud]nL nfp8 l:ks gf) [c\)] :jnfO{ lj:tflt k lbg] Ps oflGqs pks0f Wjlgk
. nfpgL sf7nfpg] sf7 gf) [nfp gLg] sf7] l9sL rnfpFbf cf]vndf wfg cflb rnfpg k|of]u ulg
6Kkfdf sk8f a]lPsf] nfdf] sf7 sf7 nF8L . nfs gf) [;+) nIo] dgsf] leqL clek|fo dgk]
6 cfFt . nfskfs gf) [kmf) nfkmjluhfkm] != cfk;L s6lk6 s6fs6 xftxfnfxfn nfKkf . @=
fO s:tL . nfs]6 gf) [c\)] zf]efsf lglDt dfnf jf xfdf emG8fOg] hGqh:tf] ;fgf] j:t n
. nfIfl0fs lj) [;+)] != ;\st ] s . @= nIf0f;DaGwL nIf0faf6 AolStg] jf nIf0ffzlQmff c
y{af]w ufpg] (zAb, jfSo cflb) . #= kfleflifs nIf0f ug{kg]{ . $= uf}0f . nfIff gf) [
;+)] nfxf . ~ ; gf) ;wjf :qLxn] uf]8fdf nufpg] ftf] \u dfx . nfv gf) [k|f) nfVv <
f] != ;o xhfsf] ;\Vof nIf . lj) @= zt;x;| ;o xhf . #= em ug] g;lsg] cguGtL clt w]
g\ lj) != cg]s nfv cguGtL . @= cg]sf}F . la;L gf) k|frLg ;dodf Ps b]zn] csf]{ b]znf
O{ ;}lgs ;xfotf lbg g;s]df lbOg] Ps nfv aL; ?lkofFsf] sd jf ;f] rngcg;f lbOg] sg} s
d . ~ ?lkofsf] lhp kbf) ax'd"No zL . ~ ?lkofsf] jrg kbf) ax'd"No af]nL . nfvf lj) c
fv cguGtL . nfvf gf) [g] j f) ] != g] j f hfltdf b' n xftkm{ a f6 b'nxLtkm{nfO{ lbO
g] b:t' jf f]6Lld7fO{ . @= kfudf 8'afP agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] 7"nf] f]6L nfvfdL . nfvfk
lj) [kmf) nfvfkfvf]] != l5GgleGg eP otfplt nfu]sf] oqtq 5lPsf] . @= laNnLaf7 k]sf] 7f
F7x xfPsf] . nfvf kmsf{O gf) [nfvfkmsf{O] g]jfhfltdf ljjfxsf] sf e
\u ug{ jf j}jflxs
wljR5]b ug{ b'nxLsf tkm{af6 ulg] sfdsfafxL jf kmsf{Og] j:t' . nfv' gf) [;+) nf
\u"nL]
Ps hftsf] e2f afFb . nfv] gf) [;+) fIf;] != fIf; fs; . @= dsG8f] nufP ;fpgebf}lt
ts ljfhcg';f grfOg] fIf;kwfL JolQm . ~ gfr gf) dsG8f] nufP gflrg] kDkfut ;f+:s[lt
fv]; \ lj) af]) s;}nfO{ abnfsf] efjgfn] 8qf; b]vfpgsf lglDt k|of]u x'g] zAb kv];\ .
nfvf} lj) [nfvcf}F] != cg]s nfv nfvg\ . @= cguGtL c;
\Vo w]} k|z:t . nfu\g c) l
\ g] != sg} sfddf tgdg lbP nflukg{ k|jQ [ xg sfdsfdf tNnLg xg . @= sfdsf] ug{
1106

;? ug{ k|fDe ug{ yfNg . #= sg} sfd xg vf]Hg cfF6g \ . $= n];fOnf] kbfy{ 6fFl;g
 hf]l8g . %= xftnfuL xg ldNg kfpg (h:tf] xft nfUg) . ^= 7f]lsg aHg . &= ;f u
{ . *= aGb xg ylgg . (= kf]ltg lnlkg . !)= \uf]ug jf kfln; a:g . !!= e"tk|]t
cflbn] kqmg nufgdf kg{ . !@= gftf kg{ ;fOgf] kg{ . !#= cgej xg dgdf xf] eGg]
kg{ . !$= n kg{ nlg . !%= cy{af]w xg dfg] jf dtna vNg . !^= bf]if, aft cflb
cfOkg{ cff]k nfUg (h:tf] aft nfUg) . !&= ul0ftdf 7Ls7Ls;Fu efu hfg . !*= c8sn,
hlQm, al4 cflb ldNg . !(= nt, afgL cflb a:g . @)= kfnjf, k"mn, kmn cflb k}
bf xg pd|g . @!= vr{, ef8f cflb kg{ . @@= kIf lng cf]8 ug{ . @#= v]n, h"jf c
flbdf afDaf pxL bfp cfpg . @$= v]bf] ug{ k5fpg . @%= b[li6bf]if xg sb[li6 kg{ .
@^= pkof]u jf Jojxfdf cfpg sfddf k|oQ  m xg . nfu gf) [;+) nUg] != 6gf, dGq cf
lbsf] k|efj e"tk|t ] cflbsf] 5fof . @= xsbfjL b}of ;DaGw . #= k|efj c; . $= kxf8 . ~
5f8 gf) != 3fd jf kfgLn] af]6la?jfsf] ljsf;sf] cgsn eP l7Ss a]nfdf nfUg] l7Ss a]nf
df 5f8\g] lqmofk|lqmof la?jfdf 3fd jf kfgLsf] pkl:ylt jf cgkl:ylt . @= f]u, e"t,
k|]t cflbsf] c; a9\g] 36\g] qmd nfUb}5f8\b} ug]{ Joyf . ~ 5f]8 gf) nfu5f8 . dfn gf)
!= kxf8 dw]; . @= Joj;fosf] nflu dw];af6 kxf8 jf kxf8af6 dw]; hfg] sfo{ (tn) uf
pFa]F;L) . > nfut gf) != sg} j:t tof ug{ jf lsGg nfUg] vr{ pTkfbgJoo kn vr{ . lj) @=
nfUg]hlt rflxg]hlt . gfl:t gf) sg} JolQm, j:t jf sfdf clwsf jf cGo lsl;dsf] ;DaGw
g] l:ylt . (pbf) ltdLn] kfpg] sfdf d]f] bfaL 5}g, nfugfl:t ullbPsf] 5) . efu gf) e
k|]t cflbsf] k|efj nfuf]efuf] nfunufg . ~ nufg gf) e"tk|]t cflbsf] afwf jf c; . ~ n
ufgL gf) != n]gb]gsf] ?lkofF P]r F f]kr F} f] jf lg lnPsf] ltgk { g]{ wg . @= yfn]
sf] sfd . nu];|f] gf) sDtL jf yf]} nfunufgL . jfbL gf) != sg} d2fdf sfggadf]lhd j
bL xg] clwsf ePsf] JolQm . @= k|ltjfbL jfbL jfbL k|ltjfbL ePsf] cj:yf . nflu gf)
of]) [;+) nu\] lgldQ lglDt vflt x]t k|of]hg . nflug c) lqm) [nfu\ O g] sfddf ;+nUg
g nfluklg . nfluk\g c) lqm) [nflu k\ g] sfddf tGdo eP nfUg tNnLg xg Psfu| x
ukfO gf) nflukg]{ efj, lqmof jf cj:yf . nfluklg c) lqm) nflukg]{ sfd ulg tGdotf;fy
flug . nflud]nL lqm) lj) [nfu\ O d]n \ O{] nfUg] h6g \ ] lsl;dn]

1107

nfunf6f] ;ef, ;dfh jf dfGo hgsf ;fdGg] af]Ng gxg] sf] cZnLn jrg nfh nfUg] sf] .
{ lj) Hofb} nfhnfUbf] nfhn] etSs kfg]{ . nfhf gf) [;+)] != wfg e6b \ f p7\g] k"
mn e6s ] f] wfg nfjf . nf~5g gf) [;+)] != bfu wAaf 6f6f] . @= sn\s bf]if aft cff
rXg lg;fg lg;fgL . > nf~5gf gf) != sn\s cleof]u bf]if nf~5g . @= ckjfb lgGbf . nfl~
[;+)] nf~5gf nufOPsf] bf]ifL tNofOPsf] sn\lst . nf6n6! gf) [ n6k6] h7f] rLh 5lP
lng] sfd n;k; 5ft5"t . nf6n6@ gf) [(l)) n6] hah{:tL vf]:g] n6\g] sfd vf];df]; n
k6 . nf6f gf) [nf6f] cf] != ds} kfSg] a]nfdf af]6df a:g] kx]Fnf] sLf] ds}sLf] . @= afn
sxsf] v]ndf k|of]u xg] Ps zAb . lj) #= nf6f] ns . ~ uf8f lj) n7]k|f] nf6f] UjfFh]
ufF8f] . nf6fg'k|f; gf) [;+)] cg'k|f; zAbfn
\sfsf] Ps e]b ;dfgfy{s zAbsf] cfj[lQ x'g]
t cGjo ubf{ e]b k|tLt x'g] Ps zAbfn
\sf . nfl6g' c) lqm) [nf6f]Og'] != nf6f] x'g' n7
g' . @= f]un] d'v lau| ] lhe|fn] :jfb yfxf gkfpg] x'g' . #= zLsf c
\udf cr]tg jf h8tf
k}bf x'g' af]wf] x'g' . nf6L! gf) [;+)] sfJozf:qcg';f j}beL{ kf~rfnL Lltsf aLrsf] Ps
Llt . nf6L@ lj) [nf6f]O{] != af]Ng g;Sg] d'vaf6 zAb pRrf0f ug{ g;Sg] (:qL) . @= n7f}
. #= ;f]emf] lgotsL ;'wL . $= d"v{ a'l4xLg (:qL) . sf7 gf) nfDrf] cfsfsf] kft x'g] P
s hftsf] v . sf] ;fn gf) cnkq] rfnf . ~ a'8fgL gf) != wfdLljBfcg';f a'8fgLsf tLg al
dWo] Pp6L k"tgf . @= f]usf] Ps e]b dwf}?nfO{ ljr]t kfg]{ Joyf . nf6f] lj) [;+) n6] !
= af]Ng ghfGg] a]nf k'u] klg af]nL gk'm6]sf] caf]nf . @= n7f}f] UjfFu] n7]k|f] . #=
{ h8 . $= ;'wf] ;fw' . %= lgd'vf . ^= g'g, lkf], lrgL cflb gk'us ] f] rlvnf] gePsf] a
]:jflbnf] (tsfL, crf cflb) . sf]; ] f] gf) ftL dfq cfFvf b]Vg], lbpF;f] cGwf] x'g]
hftsf] rf] e'Nsf] pNn" pNn"s . ~ uf8f] lj) != gaf]Ng] ufF8 pd|s ] f] nf6f] ufF8f
ca'em a'l4xLg . #= ;xff gePsf] lg:;xfo . ~ 3f; gf) lr;f] 7fpFdf x'g] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF;]
. ~ l; gf) xtktL gp7\g,] p7]kl5 zfGt gx'g] s]xL ul5f8\g] l; jf emf]s . ~ ;'wf] lj)
= nf6f] ;'wf] . @= ;Lwf;fwf ;fwf0f vfnsf] .

;3fpg] kdf . nfu' gf) [nfu\pm] != dfbs j:t' jf gzfbf kbfy{ (S;L, ufFhf, ef
, hfF8 O))
@= nfuefu nfuf]] . #= P]g, lgod, cfb]z cflbnfO{ k|efjzfnL t'Nofpg] jf Jojxfdf Nof
pg] sfd . $= k|dfl0ft x'g] sfd 7Ls 7x . lj) %= tNnLg eO{ sfddf nfu]sf] nUu" cf;St .
^= kNs]sf] cg'St . efu' gf) != nfuefu . @= dfbs kbfy{ . ~ j:t' gf) dfbs kbfy{ (ufFhf
, ef
, r];, clkmd, S;L O)) nfu" . nfu" gf) x]) nfu' . efu" gf) x]) nfu'efu' . nfuf]
!= e"tk|]tsf] 5fof jf afwf nfuefu . @= 8fOgL, af]S;L, wfdLxsf] v]n . nfUbf] lj) [nf
u\bf]] != x'Fbf] e]6\bf] (h:tf] nfUbf] ;fFem, 5f]8\bf] lbg) . @= nfUg]hlt rflxFbf] h?
k]hlt . #= c zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P nfUg] cg'ej x'g] cy{ hgfpg] zAb (h:tf] dfofnfUbf], p
7nfUbf], 8nfUbf] O)) . nfUg] lj) [nfu\g]] != tLvf] wf ePsf] wflnf] (v'sL, 5'f cflb
5'Rrf] d'vfn] . (pbf) p;sf] d'v c;fWo nfUg] eP cfPsf] 5) . nf3j gf) [;+)] != n3' x'g
fsf] efj jf cj:yf n3'tf . @= cNktf Go"gtf If'b|tf sdL . nf
Nxf] ; f -nf] ; f_ gf) [
) a) ] dxfofgaf} 4 wdf{jnDaLxsf] gofF jif{ . nfrf lj) [c)] != sg} pkfo ug{ g;Sg] cj:
yfsf] ljjz afWo . @= c;dy{ czQm . #= ;flat sfon x}fg . > nfrfL gf) nfrf x'gfsf] ef
. nf5\g ;) lqm) [n5f\ g] af]qmf n5fg{ tf]8\g rF8\g . nf5n5 gf) [nf5\ ;+) n~5
nf5\g] n5\g] sfd n5frF8L n5nf5 . @= vf];fvf]; n6nf6 . nf5f gf) [ nR5f] != cfOdf
{xn] rN7fdf ufF; ] nufpg] f}Fsf] nR5f . @= Ps ;]sf] ;gkf6sf] d7f] . ~ 8f]L gf) rN7
] ;dfTg nfdf] kfg{ cfOdfO{n] nfpg] tLg nsf{ ePsf] wfufsf] uR5f] . nfl5g s) lqm
) [nf5\ O g] af]qmf n5flg nf]l8g rlF 8g . nf5L lj) [;+) nfIff] != ;fx; jf xfp geP
lgwf]{ sfFy gfdb{ . @= ws jf nfhn] csf] cufl8 af]Ng g;Sg] . #= gf) e]6\g;d]t l6lkPs
f] ef]nf{sf kftsf] d7f] . $= kxf8ltsf 3sf] ;fdGg] efusf] aG8f . %= 3sf kfvfdf ufF;
]sf] 5fg . nfh gf) [;+) nHhf] dfGo hgsf ;Ddv kbf{ jf cglrt sfdsf, Jojxf cflb ePsf
] cgej ubf{ xg] ws jf ;\sf]r nHhf ;\sf]r . ufn gf) != h;Lt;L h;f]t;f] . @= OHht
nf]snHhf . ef8 gf)

nf7nfe nf7! gf) [c
\) n8{] f0ffsfndf sdfG8OgrLkmeGbf d'lgsf] k|d'v ;}lgs bhf{ k|wfg ;]
fklt h
\uLnf7 . nf7@ lj) [;+) nf6] != 3l:6P k'fgf]h:tf] ePsf] la;Def ] f] aafb . eP
f] nf:6 (n'ufkmf6f] cflb) . @= lau|s nf7# gf) [ nL] != ;fOsnsf] kfpbfg jf rSsf c8fpg]
aLrsf] sLnf] w'f w' . @= snk'hf{sf] Ps cjoj . nf7L gf) [nf7f]O{] nL . ~ rfh{ gf) h
cflb eL8 x6fpg ulg] nf7Lsf] k|xf nf7Ld'
\u|L . ~ k|xf gf) nf7Lrfh{ . ~ d'
u \ L | gf
kfof] To;}n] cnfO{ k|xf ug]{ sfd k:kdf nf7f] d'
\u|f]n] s6\g] sfd lk6flk6 . nf7]
n] != hjfg nfos ;dy{ tGb'?:t nSsf hjfg . gf) @= f]kfOFdf sf]bfnLsf] sfd ug]{ k'?if v
tfnf] . nf7f] gf) [;+) nu'8] nf}f]eGbf 7"nf] nfdf] s6\g] ;fwg . nf8 gf) [;+) n8\] s]
6fs]6LnfO{ ulg] k'nk'Nofx6 dfof . > nfl8g' c) lqm) != nf8] x'g' k'nk'lng' Koff] aGg
f]Hg' . @= afnsh:tf] aGg' s]6fs]6Lsf] h:tf] afgL ug'{ . ~ nf8] lj) != nfl8g] :jefj
sf] k'nk'lnPsf] nfl8Psf] nflnt . @= s]6fs]6Lsf :jefjsf] ag] af]Ng] jf Jojxf ug]{ . nf
t gf) [k|f) nQf] != v'f kfp kfb . @= v'fsf] xgfO kfpsf] k|xf nfQL . nfQfnfQL gf) [
] Psn] csf{nfO{ nfQLsf] k|xf ug]{ sfd . nflQg' c) lqm) [nfQLg'] nfQL nfUg' nlQg' . n
fQL gf) [k|f) nQf] kfbk|xf nft . s'QL lj) k|z:t w]} 5]nf]v]nf] dgUo . nfQ] lj) [
Lsf] nfQLn] ulg] . s'Q ] lj) nfQLsQL . ~ es'G8f] gf) k'm6an . nfy|f ] gf) [;+) ntf]
nnf] jf gl5lkPsf] v jf To;sf] xfFuf] . nfb\g ;) lqm) [k|f) n2O g] != nbfpg efL af]s
pg . @= efL af]Sg . #= efL xfNg . > nflbg s) lqm) != nbfOg efL af]sfOg . @= efL
af]lsg . nfbL gf) [k|f) n2L] != eF8Lleq x]sf] dn cfGb|fdf x]sf] lji7f . @= xfQL, 3
f]8f cflbsf] lai7f lnbL . ~ e8L gf) dn e'F8L b'j} . nfb] lj) [nfbP] != 7"nf] e'F8L
Psf] e'F8] e'F8Ljfn . @= w]} vfg] vGr'jf l3r'jf l3Rr" (lgGbfy{df) . nfbf] gf)x]) nfb
. nfb| ] lj) [nfb|f]P] != 7"nf] e'8 F L ePsf] k]6j ' f . @= w]} vfg] l3Rr" (lgGbfy{d
f) . nfb|f] gf) [ nfbL] nfbL xg] e'F8L k]6 nfbf] . nfknf]k lj) d]nf]d];f] gePsf] 9
sf] .
1108

nfkjfxnfkaf{x lj) [c) nfkmf) kjf] != sg} sfdsfsf] kaf{x jf jf:tf gug]{ c;fjwfg . @
o ljj]ssf] xf]l;ofL gePsf] a]xf]; . > nfkaf{xL gf) kaf{x gx'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf d'gfl;
adflkmssf] xf]l;ofL jf ljj]s gePsf] cj:yf . nfknfk lqm) lj) [c) d") Nofk\ > nfk\c (
l))] lhe|f] nknkfP lhe|f]n] rf6]em}F uL nknk . ~ lnklnk lqm) lj) != w]} vfg]sfx r
nfklnk . @= hlt vfP klg gc3fPh:tf] x'g] uL a9L nf]eL eP . nfklnk lqm) lj) [ nknk] !=
;kf;k jf vkfvk rfF8f] vfg] rfn;Fu . @= yf]} jf gk'u vfg]sf] vfP rf6Lr'6L . #= lnkkf]t
. > nfklnk] lj) != nfklnk ug]{ . @= vfg]sf] rfVg] afgL a;]sf] rv'jf . nfkf gf) [ nf]
kf] p8]sf] r
\uf 3f]K6f] k] tn emg]{ rfn . nfKr] gf) != g] k fnsf] d] r L c~rnsf] On
fd tyf g]kfnaflxsf bflh{ln
, l;lSsd klZrdL e'6fgdf a;f]af; ug]{ n]Krfhflt . @= pQm n
]Krf hfltsf] efiff f] efiff . ~ sfpnf] gf) Ps hftsf] sfpnf] jf To;sf] kmn nfKr]kmn s
. ~ kmn gf) nfKr]sfpnf] . nfKkf gf) [;+) nkg] bO{ hgfn] k:k cFufnf] xfn]em}F uL ;df
t] Psn] csf{nfO{ k5fg{ rfxg] sfd To:tf] n8Gt Go4 hwfhw s:tL . nfK;f] gf) [;+) n
;g, rfFbL cflbsf] nfdf] 6qmf] nDsf] ;fFKnf] . @= kmfnL . nfkm] lj) [nfkmf] P] != n
fkmf] nufPsf] jf ufF;]sf] . @= nfkmf]h:tf] . nfkmf] gf) != dVo 3;Fu hf]] agfOPsf] P
stn] ;fgf] v08 kfnLv08 nfxf; nfk|mf] . @= kft ufF;] lrqfdf gxfnL agfPsf] cf]8f] . #=
ufF;] la6 gp7fPsf] kftsf] yfn kQn nk]; . nfk|m ] lj) [nfk|mf] P] nfk|mf] ePsf] nfkm]
nfk|mf] gf)x]) nfkmf] . nfa|]nfa|f] lj) != sf agfP cfgf] ufpg rfxg] eP gePsf] s
f) @= eml;NsLf] . nfe gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t pknAw xg] jf kfpg] sfd k|flKt pknlAw km
Obf . @= jfl0fHoJoj;fo jf pTkfbgaf6 nfut vr{ s6fO{ a9L xg] cfDbfgL dgfkmf gfkmf
. #= pBf]uJoj;focGtu{t pBf]uklt jf pTkfbgsf :jfdLx;Fu Pslqt xg] >ldsxsf] >dsf] d"
No . $= k|ToIf 1fg hfgsfL . %= enfO pksf . ssfL lj) nfe jf kmfobf xg] nfek|b .
nfe xg] nfes . k|b lj) nfe kofpg] nfes . xflg gf) nfe xflg

1109

nfeflGjtnfns b:t . nfld gf) [nfdf] O] nfdf] (;df; xFbf k"j{kbsf kdf dfq k|oQm) . 5
g] lj) != nfdf] 5fgf ePsf] (3) . gf) @= g]kfnLsf] Ps y . 8f8f gf) != nfdf] k] km}l
8fF8f] nfDrf] kxf8 . @= wflb
lhNnfb]lv g'jfsf]6 lhNnf;Dd lkmFhflPsf] 8fF8f] . 8f8 ]
lj) nfld8fF8fdf x'g] jf a:g] . nfdf] lj) [;+) nDa] != w]} k;Dd k'us ] f] ndfO a9\tf
ePsf] bL3{ nDa] . @= kl5;Dd xg] . ~ xft gf) rf]g{] sfd jf cfbt rf]L . nfDsfg] lj) [n
]sfgP] nfdf sfg ePsf] nDsGgf . nfDsLf] gf) x]) nfdls/f] . nfDv' ] gf) x]) nfdv'] .
 c) lqm) [nfDrf] O g] nfDrf] xg nlDag . nflDrnf] lj) [nfDrf] Onf]] nfDrf]nfDrf] vfn
f] nD:ofOnf] . nfD6f] lj) [nfdf] 6f P] nfd3f] . nfD6f] gf) [;+) nDa:tg] != zLsf] b"
joj :tg yg . @= emf]lnPsf] yg lzlyn :tg . #= b"wsf] dG6f] . $= df;sf] nFbf] .
nfDkf6f] gf) [nfdf] kf6f]] d"n kf6f]eGbf dlgsf] afLsf] nfDrf] kf6f] . nfDkft] gf) [n
fdf] kft P] != ;tL{ljz]if . @= n;gsf] kft . #= ;fx|f] sf7 xg] Ps hftsf] v . lj) $=
nfdf] kft ePsf] . nfDk5 ] gf) x]) nfdkR5] . nfos lj) [c)] != c;n u0f ePsf] of]Uo
. @= ;xfpFbf] pkoQm dgfl;a . #= tGb?:t :j:y ;dy{ . $= 7Ls plrt . %= dflkms dtflas
. ^= ldNbf] cgsn b?:t . &= ;To oyfy{ . > nfolsnf] lj) nfos ePsf] . nfosL gf) nfos x
gfsf] efj jf cj:yf of]Uotf . nf gf) [;+) gfn] wfgsf] afnf sfl6;s]kl5 v]tdf afFsL /x
]sf] 5f]6f] e]6\g . nfL gf) [ nf}L] 8G8Llaof]sf] Ps v]n . nfs]{ gf) != g]kfn clwfHos
] klZrdf~rn ljsf; If]qcGtu{t u08sL c~rndf kg]{ Ps lxdfn jf ToxfFsf] 3f6L . (lxpF
kUn]sf] a]nf oxfFaf6 ef]6tkm{ cfjthfjt ug]{ ulG5) . @= efn] 9s . #= sg} sfddf uf}0f
kn] ;+nUg xg] dflg; dltof . lj) $= kR5 nfu] lxF8\g] jf Ps 7fpFsf] sf] csf]{ 7fpFd
ofP kmf6f] kfg]{ . nfef{ gf) [c\)] kmnaf6 lg:sg], hLjhGtsf] k|flDes k . nfn! gf)
) nfng] != afns aRrf] nfnf . @= 5f]f] kq . nfn@ lj) [c) ncn] ftf] . gf) @= ftf] u]8
nu]8L . #= Ps df;fsf] b;f}F efu jf Ps tf]nfsf] ;of}F efu QL . nfns lj) [;+)] bofdfo
f jf nfngkfng ug]{ e0fkf]if0f

gfkmf gf]S;fg . > nfef+z gf) != Jofkf jf ;+:yfg cflbsf] lx:;]bfsf kdf nufOPsf] wgaf6
ePsf] cltlSt cfDbfgL nfesf] c+z . @= ;ljwfsf nflu sDkgLff eStfg ulg] k|ltkmn jf lk
|ldod . #= sfo{Ifdtf jf cltlSt sfo{sf] pT;fx:jk >lds cflbnfO{ lbOg] cltlSt gubL pkx
f . $= sDkgL jf o:t} sg} ;+:yfn] a9L nfe u]kl5 ;]ojfnfnfO{ lgwf{lt sdeGbf a9L lbOg] c
gkflts sd af]g; . nfeflGjt lj) [;+)] nfesf] ;ljwf kfPsf] ;ljwfef]uL . nfefnfe gf)
[;+)] nfe xflg gfkmf gf]S;fg . nfe] gf) [kmf) nfkm] afO{sf hfltsf] Ps k|sfsf] kIfL
] a];f]sfsf] sfdsfdf cl3 ;L nfe|! ] lj) [ nfk|m] af]Ng] dv;fL nfps] . nfe|@ ]
nDa] cGgdf nfUg] ;]tf] nfdf] sLf] lrn];f] . ~ lsf] gf) 7"nf] eml;NsLf] . nfd\ lj)
df]] nfdf] nDaf (;df;l;t zAbdf k|oQ  m xFbf, h:t} nfDsLf], nfDv], nfDkft] O)) . n
fd gf) [kmf) nfd{] != nx tfFtL xf k\lQm . @= k}bn, ;jf tf]kvfgf;d]t xg] kmf}hsf]
8 ] . #= 0fe"ld . nfdlsf] gf) [nfdf] sLf]] ;k{ ;fFk . nfdv ] gf) [nfdf] vf P] !=
xg,] k|f0fLsf] ut r:g], cf}nf] cflb f]u nufpg] bO{ kv]6f nfdf vf ePsf] Ps hftsf]
sLf] dR5 . lj) @= nfdf vf xg] . nfduf] gf) [nfdnfdf] uf]] != 0fe"ld o4:yn . @
fsf] v]tsf] uf] . nfd3f] lj) [nfdf] 3f P] 0fe"ld nfdf vf xg] cUnf] g;xfpFbf] v
(dflg;) . nfd6f gf) != g]kfn clwfHosf] hgsk c~rncGtu{t f]Njfln lxdfnz[v \ nfdf kg]{
dfsf];L au] cfPsf] 3f6L . @= ;f]xL gfpF7fpFsf] @#,&%) lkm6 cUnf] lxdlzv . nfdk5 ] g
f) [nfdf] kR5 P] != kl5lNt kR5h:tf] nfdf] Hof]lt ePsf] tff w"ds]t . @= 9sh:tf],
xg] nfdf] kR5 xg] Ps hftsf] rf] . #= nfdf] kR5 xg] Ps hftsf] e]8f . lj) $= nf
f] kR5 ePsf] . nfdaGbL gf) [nfd aGbL] ;z:q ;]gfff nfd nfu] jf 3]f lbP 5]Sg] jf tDto
fd . nfdf! gf) pmF6h:t} cUnf] t hf] gePsf], zLel nfdf f}F xg] blIf0f cd]lsfdf kfO
:tgwfL hgfj . nfdf@ gf) [ef]) a)] != ltAatsf af}4 wd{sf wd{u? . @= ;]kf{, tfdf cfl
b hfltsf d"n kf]lxt . #= ef]6]hfltsf] dfgaf]ws zAb . ~ kfyL gf) afnLgfnLdf cl;gf,
kfgL cflbsf] k|sf]k gkf];\ egL whf;lxtsf] afF;sf] ln\uf] uf8] tGqdGq u]afkt nfdfnfO
{ lbOg] kfyL wfg cflbsf]

nfnrnfnrfnfxf ug]{ . nfnrnfnrf gf) [;+) nfn;] != sg} j:t kfpg] tLj| OR5f nfn;f lt;{
. @= clt nf]e cglrt OR5f . > nfnrL lj) nfnr ug]{ nf]eL . nfnl6gnfnl6gLnfn6]g gf) [c
NofG6g{] d6Lt]n xfn] aflng], lrd plemG8f] ePsf] Ps k|sfsf] aQL . nfn 98\8f gf) [nfn 9
] kN6lgof hjfgsf vfGsLsf] btf{axL . nfng gf) [;+)] :g]xsf] Jojxf nf8Kof knkNofx6 .
kfng gf) :g]xsf ;fy vfgnfpg lbg] sfd kfngkf]if0f . > nfngf gf) :g]xsf ;fy afnsnfO{
kfNg] sfd :g]x dfof . nfnkft] gf) [nfn kft P] 6Kkfdf ftf] k"mn kmNg], efFRbf b"wem}F
]tf] tn kbfy{ lg:sg], gs{6em}F Pp6} 8fF7 xg] Ps yL af]6 jf To;}sf] ftf] kft nfnkft
] . nfn khf{ gf) [nfn khf{] hUufwgLnfO{ k|df0fsf lglDt lbOg] df]7, lsQf hUufsf] k
ldf0f cflb n]lvPsf] ftf] 5fklrXg nfu]sf] sfut hUufwgL btf{k|df0fkhf{ . nfn lkmQfzf
xL lj) [nfn lkmQf zfxL] lgodsf] axntf ePsf] k|zf;lgs k|0ffnL lkmQfzfxL (]86]lkHd) . nf
n aemSs8 lj) [nfn aemSs8] 7Ls sf] yfxf gkfO{sg cGbfhsf] edf lgfwf al4 n8fpg] 8]9c
. nfn a}hgL gf) [nfn a}hgL] ftf] a}hgL ldl>t Ps k|sfsf] . /fi6fWoIfn] ljw]os cflb
t ubf{ nufOg] 5fk, /fhdb|f . nfndf]xg gf) [nfn df]xg] vjf, kL7f] cflbsf] 8Nnf] ftf
] xGh]n l3pdf ksfO{ rf:gLdf 8afP agfOPsf] ld7fO{ . nfndf]x gf) [nfn df]x] != /fhfsf]
zf;gdf ftf] \uaf6 nufOg] u/]sf] /fhfsf] 5fk . @= To:tf] 5fk nfu]sf] sfuhft . > nfn
df]xlof lj) nfndf]x ePsf] jf kfPsf] nfndf]x;DaGwL . nfn;nfn;f gf) [;+)] != nfnr . @=
{jtLsf] ?lr . nfn;fu gf) [nfn ;fu] blIf0fL ca pQk"jL{ clk|msfsf aLrsf] ;db|sf] gfd
fnf gf) [;+) nfng] afns aRrf] afnf] . afnf gf) afnaRrf s]6fs]6L . nfnflot lj) [;+)]
Hofb} nAw clt nf]eL . @= fn rxfpg] fnf] . nflnt lj) [;+)] != nfngf ulPsf] dfof ul
. @= knkNofOPsf] . nflnTo gf) [;+)] != nlnt xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;f}Gbo{ nfj0o .
@= k|]d;"rs xfpefp . nflndf gf) [nfn Odf] ftf]kgf nfnL .
1110

nfnL gf) [nfn O{] != nflndf ftf]kg . @= cf]7, ufnf cflbdf ;f}Gbo{sf lglDt nufOg] fd|f]
\usf] z[u \ f;fwg . ~ uf; gf) xlof v;|f kft x'g], u'nfkmL
sf] e'mKkf k"mn k'mNg
;d"xsf]) Ps j[If jf To;}sf] k"mn g]kfnsf] fli6o k"mn . nfn'kft] gf) [nfnkftP] x]) nfn
ft] . nfNrf gf) [ nfnrf] nfnr . (pbf) dof] tfNrf nfNrfpk klgGbf k ;of] n]vgfy) . >
j) nfNrf ug]{ nfnrL . nfj0o gf) [;+)] != nj0fsf] efj jf u'0f g'lgnf]kg . @= fd|f] x'
gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ;f}Gbo{ dfw'o{ . #= c;n zLn:jefj x'gfsf] u'0f jf l:ylt ;'zLntf
. nfjf! gf) [c
\) nfef] Hjfnfd'vL kxf8af6 lg:sg] kTy, wft' cflbsf] b|j kbfy{ . nfjf@
gf) [;+) nfhf] wfg e'6] tof kflg] k"hf d
\unsfo{df ;d]t k|of]u ulg] ;]tf], xn'sf] vfB
kbfy{ nfhf . ~ wfg gf) aflx e'm;n] 9fs]sf], e'6\bf nfjf lg:sg] nfDrf] vfnsf] wfg .
~ afhf gf) rfb]lv cf7 lkm6;Dd nfdf] x'g], ljz]if u] ;]kf{hfltdf k|rlnt k'ms] ahfOg] P
s k|sfsf] afhf . nfjfn:s gf) [kmf) nfjnZs] != xftxltof;lxtsf] kmf}h jf ;]gf . @= ;]gf
To;sf] ;;fdfg . #= dflg;sf] tfFtL . nf; gf) [kmf) nfz] d[t zL d'bf{ zj . ~ hfr g
o, cfTdxTof jf c sg} sf0faf6 dflg; dbf{ d]sf] jf:tljs sf0f kQf nufpgsf lglDt ulg] nf;
f] hfFr zjkLIf0f (kf]:6df6{d) . ~ hfr d'r'Nsf gf) nf;hfFr uL d[To'sf] sf0f cGo ljj
t n]lvPsf] sfut . ~ kLIf0f gf) nf;hfFr . nf:6 lj) [ nf7] 3l:6Psf] nf7 . nf:o gf) [;+)
!= gfr g[To . @= k|d ] efjgfnfO{ ljleGg xfpefpsf ;fy} c
\uljGof;ff k|s6 ulg] ljz]if k
|sfsf] g[To . #= ufgahfg;lxtsf] gfr . nfxfr ] gf) sfnf] nfdf] r'Rrf], ftf] 6fpsf], g
Lnf v'f xlof] zL x'g], v sk] u'F8 nufpg] Ps hftsf] rf] . nfxf gf) [;+) nfIff] kx]
n] vdf agfpg], cfuf]df kufNg x'g] 5fk nufpg], 6fNg] cflb sfddf k|of]u ulg] Ps kbfy
{ nfIff . 5fk gf) kufn]sf] nfxfdf nufOg] cf}F7L cflbsf] 5fk nfxfdf nufOg] lrXg . d;
L gf) != nfxfkfgLdf
ld;fO{ agfPsf] d;L . @= nfn sfnf]
jf WjfF;f] ld;fO{ agfOPsf] P
k|sfsf] kfsf], l6sfp d;L .

1111

nfxf;lnv'L o]gs]g . lnp gf) [ef]) a)] != Ps k|sfsf] pmgL ;tGhf jf bL . @= rf}FL ufO{
f}Faf6 agfOPsf] f8L . lnpg gf) [;+) lnDkg] uf]a, e'; cflbsf] cg'kft ldnfO{ 3sf] leQf
df n]lkg] kbfy{ . lns gf) != ]nuf8L u'8g \ sf nflu kmnfdsf] kftf] la5fPsf] af6f] .
@= aonuf8L cflbsf kf
\u|f u'8\bf ag]sf] 8'F8h:tf] 8f]a jf w;f]{ uf]]6f] . lnSsf]d
gf)
[ln)] lakm, bfb'f cflbn] ufpFdf k|j]z guf];\ eGgfsf lglDt ulg], fO{lnDa"df k|rlnt Ps
lsl;dsf] k"hf . lnIf gf) [;+)] jf:t' tyf d"lt{snfdf k|o'Qm x'g] cf7 f}Fsf] 6'Kkf]af
asf] gfkf] . lnvt gf) [;+) lnlvt] != sfg'gL b[li6af6 ?lkofFk; } fsf] n]gb]g, hUufh
ldgsf] ;'qmLlaqmL cflb sff]af ubf{ n]lvPsf] Ltk"j{ssf] sfut (td;'s, fhLgfdf, as;kq c
flb) . @= cIf, c
\s, lrXg cflbff clen]v ulPsf d'2fdfldnfdf k|df0f:jk k]; ug{ ;lsg] j
|df0fsf lglDt nfUg] sfuhkq . #= b'O{ kIfsf aLrdf sg} sfdsfaf] k:k ;Demf}tfsf ;t{x n]
sf] kq . ~ kq gf) lnvtsf] sfuh . ~ kf; gf) hUufhldg cflbsf] a]rlavg, ?lkofFk};fsf]
n]gb]g;DaGwL sfuhkq P]gsfg'gadf]lhd ;DalGwt cfdf kf; ufpg] sfd . ~ ab gf) ;Da4 k|of
]hgsf lglDt tof kflPsf] sfuhkq sRrf ePsf sf0fn] ;b gx'g] sfd jf cj:yf km};nf cflb x'F
bf sfg'gcg';f lnvtdf ePsf sfsf] 6'6fO jf pN6fO . lnvf gf) [;+) lnIff] h'd|f, p8'; cf
lbsf] k'mn . ~ l6kfO gf) != rfgr'g] kmfObf jf nfe . @= w]}ltaf6 a6'Ng] sfd . #= ems
f]n { fUbf] sfd . ~ l6k'jf lj) != lnvf l6lkxg] . @= f]un] vfPsf] jf ;tfPsf] ;fx|} b'
Anf] . :qL) lnvfl6k'jL . lnlvt lj) [;+)] != n]lvPsf] lrPsf] . @=
elPsf] . #= sg} p2
n] s;}nfO{ n]v] lbOPsf] jf cf1f, cfu|x ulPsf] (lnlvt cg'f]w, lnlvt cfb]z, lnlvt ax;
cflb) . gf) $= n]vf]6 lnlvt . ~ kLIff gf) k|Zgsf] pQ lnlvt kdf lbg'kg]{ k|sfsf] kLI
. > lnlvtd\ gf) != lnlvt n]vf]6 . @= td;'ssf ;'?sf] a]xf]fdf cfk"m lnlvt kn] ;Da4 x]s
f] b]vfpg k|of]u x'g] zAb . lnv' gf) [ef] ) a) ] != g] k fn clwfHosf] sf] ; L c~r
ncGtu{t ;Ktsf];LIf]qdf aUg] Ps vf]nf] lnv' vf]nf] . lj) @= ;fgf] vfnsf] jf 8fF7 e
mLgf] ePsf] pv' . lnv'6] lj)x]) lnv'/] . lnv'L gf) [lnv'f]O{] != lnv'f]sf] kf]yL k .
wfg, ux'F cflb aQfpFbf xfjfsf] lglDt xDsg] pks0f . #= wfg

nfxf; gf) 7"nf] d'Vo 3df hf]8] agfOPsf] ;fgf] 3 nfkmf] . nfxL gf) [nfxfO{] tf]L . n
[nfxf] (:yfg)] != cr]n kfls:tfgdf k]sf] kGhfasf] fhwfgL nfxf} . @= ;'Gb gu . nfx'L
= fd|f] nf]enfUbf] c
\u9
\u r ldn]sf] . gf) @= c;n hftsf] e}F;L . ~ e}; L gf) c;n hf
e}F;L . ~ g]kfn gf) dsjfgL fHosf] lrtnf
e]s . nfx' ] gf) [nfx'P] != eftLo kN6gdf gf
f] g]kfnL hjfg . @= ls6] . #= Ps k|sfsf] av]{ k"mn . $= c;n hftsf] e}; F L nfx'L . ~
k'mn gf) nfdf 6'Kkf x'g] kft ;vv08sf h:tf sGb x'g],
\uLr
\uL
\u x'g] t af:gf gcfpg
tsf] k"mn . ~ k'mnL gf) rf];frf];f k]sf] emDs] k"mnL . ~ dfof gf) c:yfoL dfofk|Llt I
fl0fs k|]dJofkf . ln8 gf) [;+) n]08] != 8f]nf] nfdf] cfsfsf] lji7f . @= d';fsf] lji7
f . #= ?lkofFk};fsf] nSs laG8L . lnl8s gf) [lng'l8s] cfk;L n]gb]gsf] Jojxf . ln8N '
j) [lnF8'Nsf]P] lnF8'Nsf] ePsf] lnF8] . ln8'Nsf] gf) != sf7sf] ;fgf] 5f]6f] 7]psf] lu
F8 ln8'sf] 6\jfsn . @= hf]t]sf] 8Nnf kmf]g]{ / ;Dd kfg]{ sf7sf] nfDrf] luF8 . #= u
f]6f k]sf cj:yfdf la:6fpg] ;fgf;fgf cfsfsf lnF8 . lj) $= k'R5 jf xftv'f gePsf] lnF8f]
. ln8] lj) [lnF8f]P] k'R5 gePsf] 7'6] . @= Psf]xf]] x7L lh2Ljfn . #= ufnL ubf{ k|of
] zAb . ~ s'rf] gf) a9fbf{a9fbf{ a'Rrf] ePsf] k'fgf] srf] . ~ l9kL gf) Psf]xf]f] l9kL
x7 lh2L . ln8f] lj) [;+) n]08] != k'R5 sfl6Psf] 7'6] lnF8] lnG8f] . @= 5f]6f] . #= l
jfn x7L Psf]xf]] . ln8\sf] gf) [lnF8f]sf]] != sf7sf] ;fgf] lasf]{ . @= kfvfafnLdf 8Nn
k'm6fpg nufOg] bfFbs ] f 5fF6sf] Ps s[lif cf}hf/ . ln8fO gf) [ ln8 (ofO)] lnF8fpg]
lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] ln8fOg' s) lqm) != lnF8 Tofu ulg' . @= 6'qmf kflg' laG8L kf
' . lnF8fpg' ;) lqm) != lnF8 kfg'{ lnG8f xUg' dnTofu ug'{ . @= 7'6f] kfg'{ 5f]fpg'
kfg'{ . #= k};fsf] nSs kfg'{ laG8L kfg'{ . $= ;f]xf]g'{ . lng ;) lqm) [k|f) n]xO O g
!= csf] clwsfdf x]sf] sg} j:t cfgf] cwLg ug{ k|fKt ug{ u|x0f ug{ . @= wf0f ug
= ;dfTg ;dfpg . $= :jLsf ug{ dfGg . %= cfqmd0f u] ljho ug{ lhTg . > lnOg s) l
lng] sfd ulg u|x0f ulg . lnplrp lqm) lj) [c) d") lnpF (l))] h;f]t;f] h;Lt;L

lnv' ] lnk\g cflb aQfpg wff] xfNbf atf; af]nfpg] zAb . lnv ] lj) [lnvf] P] ;fx}
;s6] lnv] kmsL9n lnvf] lnvs]{ lnv6] . lnvf] lj) ;fx|} ;fgf] bAnf]kftnf]
f6 (k|foM e]8f, afv|f cflbsf] kf7f]) . lnv]6f] gf) [lnvf] P6f]] skfn sf]g{] sfOFofs
f] dfemdfemdf dl;gf l;Gsf xfn] kmfpFbf c bfFt cem afSnf kf]sf] sf]bf{ lnvf Nofpg] ;f
wg lnvf}6f] . lnvf] gf) [;+) lnIff] hd|f, p8; cflbsf] kmn . lnvf}6f] gf)x]) lnv]
6f] . lnu gf) [c\) nLu] != ;\3 ;+:yf, hdft (h:tf] uf]vf{ lnu, dl:nd lnu cflb) . @= ;
Demf}tf ;lGw . #= ;fFw ;Ldf . nuf gf) ;fFwl;dfgf xftf . lnulnu] gf) 3fF6Lleq s07lg
G8Psf] kftnf] ;fgf] cjoj lsnlsn] . lnu];g gf) [c\) lnu]zg] != fhb"t jf s6g}lts k|ltlg
lwxsf] d08nL . @= fhb"t a:g] 3 fhb"tfjf; . ln\u gf) [;+)] k?ifsf] hgg]lGb|o lzZg .
qL k?if 5fpg] k|f0fLsf zLsf] lrXg . #= d"lt{ jf k|ltdfsf kdf k"lht xg] lzjln\u .
sg} sfsf] klxrfg xg] lrXg jf lg;fg nIf0f . %= Jofs0fdf k?if, :qL gk; + s 5fpg
sf k (kln\u, :qLln\u gk+;sln\u) . ^= ;f\Vozf:qsf cg;f ;Dk"0f{ ljs[lt km]l nLg x
"n k|sl[ t . &= dLdf+;fsf lg0f{osf cfwfdf 5 nIf0f (pkqmd, pk;+xf, cEof;, ck"jt { f
, cy{jfb pkklQ) . wfL lj) vfln lrXg wf0f ug]{ e]ifwfL laNnfwfL . ~ kf0f gf) c
o] Ps . ~ j[lQ gf) != e]if abn] hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm gSsnL ;fw . lj) @= cf8Da ug]{ 9f
]FuL . ~ zL gf) lxGb"zf:qcg;f d[Tokl5 zecze kmn ef]Ug] egL dflgPsf] ;"Id zL . > l
uL lj) != ln\u jf lrXg wf0f ug]{ e]ifwfL laNnfwfL . @= ln\u;DaGwL . #= ln\u ePsf]
lj) [ln\u P] != ln\u;DaGwL . @= ln\u ePsf] ln\uL . gf) #= b]j:ynxsf ofqfdf emG8f af]s
To;} af6f] b]vfpg] cujf . ~ lk gf) rfj6f afF;sf ln\uf rflt uf8] bO{bO{j6f afF;sf
Kkf hf]8L dfl:t t]:of{OPsf] anf]df n7ff] 6fFu] agfOPsf] dRrfP v]lng] (k|foM b;}Fltxfd
f) lk . ln\uf] gf) [ln\u cf]] != OGb|hfqf, la:s]6sf] hfqf cflbdf kDkfcg;f 78fOg] s
fdf] :tDe Wjhf . @= cfsfzaQL afNg sflt{s dlxgfdf 78fOg] afF; jf nfdf] sf7 . #= 78fO
Psf] :tDesf cfsfsf] sg} j:t . ln\Ujn gf) [lsfF)] snf], wff, kfgL oftfoftsf ;fy}
1112

jfl0fHo;DaGwL sfd ug]{ lnR5ljsfnLg Ps cf . lnrL gf) [lr) nLrL] nfDrf kft v;|f] af]
qmf] xg], dl;gfdl;gf k"mn kmNg] ;bf ulnof] sfF8fbf kmn xg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf
] kmn lnRrL . lnRr8 lj) [lx) nLr8] != hsfh:tf] 6fFl;P cnfO{ afwf lbg] kl5kl5 nfu] lb
s kfg]{ lw\Gofxf . @= dSvLr; rOofF nf]eL sGh; . #= cN5L nf];f] af]wf] . $= n];fOn
]l;nf] . lnR5lj gf) [;+)] k|frLg g]kfn, duw sf]zn b]zsf] Ps k|frLg k|l;4 zf;sj+z
. ln6 gf) [c\)] tn kbfy{sf] Ps lsnf]afasf] kldf0f jf gfkf] . ln6f] gf) [;+) lnSt] !
gvjfPsf b"wdv] afnsnfO{ vjfpg e6s ] f rfdnsf] kL7f] l3plrgLdf ksfP agfOPsf]
vfg]sf] afnsnfO{ vjfOg] dgef]usf 5fF6sf] vfg]sf] . @= kfs] l;tf hf]l8Psf] k:sFbf k
df 6fFl;g] nr]k|f] ePsf] lunf] eft . ln8sf] gf)x]) lnF8Nsf] . lnltSs lqm) lj) [c
) d") lnt > lnlts\ s] lunf] kbfy{ lylrFbf jf lgrf]lFbf Ps 5]paf6 lkRr lgl:sPh:tf] uL
lnQ lkltSs lnltSs . lnltlnlt [c) d") lnt\ O (l))] lunf] kbfy{ lgrf]lP f]lsO{f]lsO{
lnQlnQ . lnQ lqm) lj) [c) d") lnt\ t] x]) lnltSs . ~ lnQ lqm) lj) nuftfsf] lnQ . ;ft)
lnltltlt . lnQL gf) [;+) lnSt O{] g5f]8L nfUg] sfd wgf{ k5]6f . ~ s;fO gf) != ;fx|} s
8f kl>d kl;gf sfl9Gh]nsf] anufO . @= 5f]8\b} g5f]8L wgf{ s:g] sfd . lnyf] gf) [c\)] l
nyf]u|fkm . u|fkm gf) != wftsf] kftf jf 9\ufdf cIf, lrq cflb vf]k] jf lvr] sfutdf
flkg] 5fkf lznfdb|0f . @= :6]lG;ndf ;Svf cIf 6fOk uL lnyf]d]l;gdf 3dfP w]} k|lt lg
sflng] k|lqmof . u|fkmL gf) lnyf]u|fkm 5fKg] snf jf ;Lk lznfdb|0fljBf . ~ db0 |
f gf) lnyf]d]l;gff ulPsf] jf xg] db|0f . ~ d]l;g gf) lahnLff db|fIf 9fNg] cfwl
q . lnbL gf) [k|f) n2L] xfQL, 3f]8f cflbsf] lji7f nfbL . labL gf) != kmf]x . lqm) lj
) @= kfs] uNg] uL . lnglbg gf) [lng lbg] != lng] lbg] sfd lng] jf lbg] Jojxf n]gb
@= C0f jf sg} j:t lng] lbg] sfd ;;fk6 . lnG8f] lj) != lnF8f] . gf) @= lnF8 . lnk\g
) lqm) [;+) lnk\ g] != uf]a, df6f] cflbsf] n]bf] kbfy{ d5] 3, cfFug, vnf] cflbdf kf
tnf] uL nfpg

1113

lnkln;] cf]7df bNg] ftf] \usf] z[\uf;fwg lnlkl:6s . lnK; lj) [;+)] lnK;f ePsf] s
|fKt ug]{ OR5f ePsf] OR5s . lnK;f] lj) [;+) n]z] Psbd ;fgf] w]} dl;gf] ;"Id . lnkmf
f) [c) lnkmfkmM] != jfbLk|ltjfbL, ph, laGtLkq cflb n]Vg] b:t;lxtsf] kmfd . @= bfo
fFafofF cf}F7f5fk ;xL5fk uL flvPsf] jf s;}nfO{ lbOPsf] vfnL sfuh . lnkmfkmf gf) [c)
lnkmfkm] lr7Lkq xfn] aGb ug]{ sfuhsf] vf]n lnkmf vfd . lnkm\6 gf) [c\)] != cUnf ejgd
f dflg; cflb tn jf dfly kofpg hl8Psf] ljBt \ ff ;~rflnt eof pQf]ns oGq . @= csf{sf]
;afL ;fwg r9\g lbg] df}sf . lnalna lqm) lj) [c) d") lna\ c (l))] != lha|f] rnfpg] jf
rf6\g] uL nknk NofkNofk . @= vfgfdf Hofb} nf]leg] rfnn] . > lnalnatLlnalnaL lqm) lj)
cem} lnalna xg] uL . lna|L gf) [lne O{] != lsnlsn] lnulnu] . @= ;fgf] lhe|L . lnld6]8
gf) [c\)] klldt ;Lldt . ~ sDkgL gf) ;]ojfnfxsf] bfloTj p7fpg lghxn] salnot u]sf] ;
clwstd kldf0f;Dd dfq sff]af ;Lldt xg] uL sDkgL sfggadf]lhd btf{ ulPsf] JofkfL ;+:yf
. lnDa gf) [ef]) a)] lnDa"jfgIf]qdf a:g] Ps lsfFthflt . lnDajfg gf) [ef]) a)] bL3
{sfnb]lv lnDa" hfltsf] :yfoL a;f]af;f] ePsf] sf];L d]rL c~rnsf kxf8L If]q . lnDa
" gf) x]) lnDa . lnla lqm) lj) [c) d") ln\ (l))] != nalg] uL . @= la:tf} rndnfP
fnL b]zsf] fli6o db|f . lnllal gf) [ lnla] != la:tf} 5jfP rnfpg] sfd nnf] r
d . lqm) lj) @= To;L rnfpg] jf xNnfpg] uL . lnnfd gf) [kf]t{) nLnfd] sg} 8fFs af]n] ;
aeGbf a9L df]n lbg] jf xb df]n af]Ng]jfnfnfO{ dfn laqmL ug]{ sfd 8fFs . ~ 3 gf) lnn
fd ug]{ lglb{i6 :yfg . ~ laqmL gf) lnnfd . > lnnfdL lj) != lnnfddf vlb jf laqmL ulPs
f] . @= lnnfd;DaGwL lnnfdsf] . lnjfO gf) [ln jfO] lng] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . lnl;lk
l; lqm) lj) [c) d") ln;\ O (l))] != h;f]t;f] o]gs]g . gf) @= ;fgf]ltgf] sfdwGbf ln;Ll
. ln;Llk;L lqm) lj) [c) d") ln;\ O{ (l))] != dg glbO{ ;:tLsf ;fy . gf) @= ;fgf]ltg
f] jf gu0o sfdwGbf lnl;lkl; . ln;] lj) [ln;f] P] ln;f]h:tf] 6fFl;g] lk5f nfUg] . ~ 6f

3sf leQfxdf uf]adf6f] ldnfP 3:g' jf 6fNg' kf]tg'{ kf]Tg' . @= lxnf], kmf]x cflb htft
3:g' . #= n]vfO gfd|f] afSnf] kfg'{ . ' t) . lnk gf) [lnk\c] lnkfO (cGo zAbdf ufFl;
P dfq k|oS 3; gf) 3 cflb lnKg] 3:g] sfd lnkkf]t lnkgkf]tg lnknfk . kf]t gf) 3
kf]Tg] sfd lnk3; . lnkfO gf) [ lnk\ (cfO)] lnKg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lnkf
Og' s) lqm) lnKg nfOg' . ~ kf]tfO gf) lnKg] kf]Tg] sfd . lnkfpg' k|]) lqm) lnKg nfp
g' kf]tfpg' . lnlk gf) [;+)] != cIf n]Vg] k|0ffnL cIfsf] vfO . @= lnlvt cIf j0f{dfn
. #= n]Vg] snf . $= lrqsnf ]vf
\sg . %= n]vf]6 . lnlks gf) [;+)] n]Vg] JolSt sflGbf
gbf; lnlks . ~ lje|d gf) lnlksff ePsf] e"n jf cz'4 kf7 . s gf) lnlks . lnlkSs lqm
c) d") lnlks\s] 6fFl;g] uL NofKk lnlk:; . lnlkQ lqm) lj) [c) d") lnlkt\t] x]) lnltSs
lnlkg' s) lqm) [lnk\Og'] kf]ltg' lnlK;g' . lnlka4 lj) [;+)] lnlkdf afFlwPsf] n]lvPsf
lnlvt . lnlkzf:q gf) [;+)] lnlksf] P]ltxfl;s ljj]rgf ljZn]if0f ulPsf] zf:q lnlklj1f
g . lnlk:; lqm) lj) [;+) lnKt] x]) lnlkSs . lnlK6g c) lqm) [;+) lnKt O g] != vlK6g h
]l8g 6fFl;g h]lng . @= nk]l6g a]lxg . lnK6f] gf) [;+) lnk 6f]] != cf]9g \ ] jf km
g{] sfd lnOg], sk8fsf] ;fgf] 6qmf] jf 6fnf] . @= la5fpg] ;fgf] rs6L jf ;sn . lnK
6fO gf) [ lnlK6 ( ofO)] lnlK6g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] lnK6fOg s) lqm) nk]l6g
]lg . lnK6fpg ;) lqm) != a]g{ nk]6g \  . @= hf]g{ 6fF:g . lnKt lj) [;+)] != lnk
f]t ulPsf] lnk]sf] kf]t]sf] . @= b"lift ePsf] lau|]sf] . #= ldnfOPsf] 6fFl;Psf] hf]l
] . $= tTktfsf ;fy sg} sfddf nfu]sf] Psf]xf]lPsf] . lnKoGt gf) [;+)] != csf]{ lnlk .
= lnlkkljt{g . lnK;g ;) lqm) [lnk\ g] != afSnf] n]bf] kbfy{ leQf cflbdf dl;gf] uL n]
:g n];fOnf] kbfy{ 3:g . @= c;Fu nxl;g . lnK;f gf) [;+)] sg} j:t k|fKt ug]{ tLj|
OR5f clenfiff . lnK;fO gf) [ lnK; ( cfO)] lnK;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof lnkfO . [ > ] l
nK;fOg s) lqm) lnK;g nfOg . lnK;fpg k|) ] lqm) != lnK;g nfpg lnkfpg . @= nxl;g
] kfg{ . lnlK;g ;) lqm) != lnKg . s) lqm) @= lnlkg . c) lqm) #= s;};u F Hofb}
nxl;g ljifoef]udf cf;St xg . lnK;L gf) [c\) lnkl:6s] gfLhfltn] ;f}Gbo{sf lglDt

ln;f]nsf6 gf) != ln;f] 6fF;]sf] 6fFuf] . @= tR5 pBf]u . #= bL3{;"qL rfn . ln;f]
gf) [;+) lZniff] != vf]6f], t]n cflb ldnfO{ ;"o{kfs u] tof kflPsf] Rof6Rof6] kbfy{ .
@= vaf6 lg:sg] n];fOnf] rf]k uFb vf]6f] . #= vdf dhatL;fy 6fFl;P xg] Ps nxf] . $=
gkLsg klg w]} ;do;Dd al;xg] dflg; jf j:t . ln:6]ln:6f] lj) != sGh; dSvLr; nf]eL
] . gf) @= Ps hftsf] rf] ln:tL gf) [k|f) nL] != ofn9f]sf cflbdf sfFr, kmNofs cflb h8
\gsf nflu rf}lt hl8g] sf7 cflbsf] kftnf] k|m]d jf ;fwg . @= 3leq lahnLsf] tf ;lIft;
Fu h8\g leQfdf 7f]lsPsf] df]6fOrf}8fO sd ePsf] nfdf] sf7 . ln:g gf) != Pp6} vfFa
f] aLraLrdf sk] v8l\ snf] kflPsf] eof Psv] eof cv6f] . @= eof . #= v8\lsnf]
Onf] lj) [ln;f] ofO nf]] != dl;gf] 6fFl;Pnfh:tf] . @= Rof6Rof6 nfUg] 6fFl;g] . lnxn lj
[ln)] sfggL kdf lnPsf], k|fKt u]sf] (td;s cflbdf dfq k|oSt xg] zAb) . ut sfgg
L kdf td;s n]v] ;fk6 lnOPsf] (?lkofFk};f) . lnlxnL gf) sf}sfdLxn] efF8fat{gx agfpFbf
tn fVg] kmnfdsf] crfg nL . ~ 7]nf] gf) lnxL c8fpg ufl8g] sf7 . lnxL gf) [k|f) ln2L]
svfsf] lji7f ;nL . nL gf) Ps;o aL; uh afasf] gfksf] kldf0f . nLu gf) [c\)] x])
Lg lj) [;+)] != g5lg] uL hf]l8Psf] 6fFl;Psf] . @= l5kfOPsf] k|R5Gg nsfOPsf] . #= sf
df Psfu| eO{ nfu]sf] tGdo ePsf] . $= klUnPsf] ljulnt . %= sg} csf]{ j:tdf ce]b uL l
dn]sf] ljnLg . tf gf) nLg xgfsf] efj jf cj:yf tNnLgtf ;+nUgtf . nLnf gf) [;+)] != l
Qsf] pd\usf ;fy dgf]~hgsf lglDt ulg] v]n jf qmL8f ljgf]b . @= ljnf; ljxf ltqmL8f s
= b]jtfsf] rlq . $= b]jb]jLsf cjtfsf rlq cflbsf] clego . %= 5b\dj]z 9f]u F . ^= k|d
] n] pGdQ eP k, j]z, cfe"if0f, jrg cflbn] gflosfff ulg] gfossf] cgs0f . > nLnfjtf
Lnf jf nf]s clegosf nflu wf0f ulPsf] lji0fsf] cjtf . jfg\ lj) != nLnf ug]{ qmL8fzL
@= ;Gb d0fLo . > nLnf]Bfg gf) qmL8f ug]{ au}Frf . n! gf) [;+) ns] u|Lid Ctsf] j]
nf ud k|bz ] xdf rNg] tftf] xfjf jf To;sf] wf . n@ lgkf) n nf} .
1114

nu gf) [ n
] kf]t], dfnf cflbsf] u'R5fsf] x]s nx nlof] . n'u L gf) [a) n'GhL]
l;P jf gl;O{sg k'?if jf :qLhfltn] nufpg] cwf]j:q . n'l8g c) lqm) [nF8f] O g] != nF8
h:tf] xg nF8f] nfu] cfpg . @= a6lng uhl N6g ;f]xf]lP cfpg . #= a6flg afl
lg $= afnLgfnL fd|f] ;k|] cfpg . %= gbL jf ;db|sf] kfgL crfgs a9] cfpg . n8 L g
) != kfn, aflaof] cflb a6f] agfOPsf] Ps kf]of] 8f]Lsf] 8Nnf] . @= ;fgf] n'8 F f] . ~
wfg gf) Ps hftsf] wfg . n'8 ] gf) != ;;fgf kft ftf] 8fF7 x'g] Ps hftsf] ;fu . @=
l9F8f], vf]n] cflb ksfOg], d'v kmfs ePsf] laF8 gePsf] efF8f] e'h
\uf] . ~ wGbf gf]ssf
h:tf] wGbf sdffsf] wGbf . n'8 f] gf) != efF8fs8 F f dfg] jf e'OlF{ eQf cflb kf]Tg]
'md|f] jf kfn cflbsf] u'hN ' 6f] d:sf] . @= 3fF;, kfn, n'uf cflbsf] s]xL nfDrf] u'h
N ' 6f] . #= xl; cflbsf km]bdf u'hl' N6Psf] 3fF; jf emf . $= cf
dNbf lg:sg] donsf]
lnF8 . %= kfn cflb a6f] ag]sf] kf]of] . ^= w]} dflg; cflbsf] w'Of] . n'8 fO gf) [
(ofO)] n'lF 8g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n'8 fOg' s) lqm) n'F8fpg] sfd ulg' n'F8f]
' . n'8 fpg' ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != n'8 F f]h:tf] agfpg' n'8 F L kfg'{ . @= u'h'N6fpg'
. #= a6fg'{ af6\g' . $= ufO{a:t'n] ;fukft cflb hyfefaL;Fu vfg' . %= dfG5]n] ;fukf
t cflb dgkLl;t l6Kg' . ^= h]h:tf] kfof] ;a} n}hfg' . &= kfPhlt ;a} vfg' x;'g'{ . n
'b L lj) df]6f]3f6f] zL b]lvP klg bx|f] eP sfd ug{ g;Sg] ;fx|} c;dy{ . n'b f] g
'07f] kf]; nfu], a'9fOFn] jf f]un] zLdf emf]lnPsf] df;'sf] nf]nf] hLpdf n6\lsPsf] 5fn
. n'Or ] gf) jgh
\undf x'g] sv'f] h
\unL sv'f] . n'On'O lqm) lj) [c) d") n'OF
;f; tLj| j]u;fy lxF8\b} ndsnds n;n; n;sn;s km6fkm6 . n's \ g c) lqm) [;+) ns \ g
b]lvg] uL sg} 7fpFdf a:g l5Kg blag . @= cb[Zo xg cnk xg 5]lsg clNkg . ns
ef]) a)] pQL e]udf kfOg] Ps hftsf] e]8f . nsfO gf) [ ns\ ( cfO)] nSg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . [ > ] nsfOg s) lqm) nSg nfOg l5kfOg . nsfpg ;) lqm) cn] gb]Vg] uL
Vg bafpg l5kfpg . nsf6 gf) [;+) nsr] v;|f kft xg], ejfbf ftf] \usf nfDrfaf6n
nof kmn kmNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 jf To;}sf] kmn .

1115

nsfdfLn6fxf gf) n5g \ ] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n5fOg s) lqm) n5g \ nfOg . n
5fpg k|]) lqm) n5\g nfpg . n5fr8 gf) [n'5 \ r'8 F \] n'5\g] r'F8\g] sfd n'5f
'F8L . > n'5fr'8 L gf) != Pscsf{df n5g \ ] r8 F g \ ] sfd k:ksf] n5fO rF8fO
k:kdf sg} j:t anhkmt uL vf]:g] jf lng vf]Hg] sfd vf];fvf]; . n5fkmxL gf) [n5\ kmx
n5g \ ] kmxfpg] sfd n5fO kmxfO . @= s]z n5], bfFtn] 6f]s] tyf lryf]] xg] emu
5fn5 gf) [n5\ n5\] k:ksf] n5fO . nl5g s) lqm) [n5 \ O g] != n5fr8 F L ulg
lryf]lg . #= tflgg . $= gf\lug . n6\g ;) lqm) [;+) n07 g] != hah{:tLl;t csf{sf]
wgdfn lng 8qf; b]vfP jf wDsfP csf] ;DklQ vf]:g xfSsfxfSsL rf]g{ . @= plrteGbf Hof
f df]n lng 7Ug . #= cGofo u] csf] ;DklQ xTofpg . n6 gf) [;+) n7g] hyfefaLl;t lng
] jf nfg] sfd l;Q}F kfpg] k|of; n"6 . n6sf] wg kmk"sf] >f4 (pvfg) . kf6 gf) ;d"x
ldn] ulg] n6 . lk6 gf) n6g \ ] lk6\g] sfd n6kf6 n6df . n6k6 gf) [c) d") n
)] != v;Ln] jf nf8] eP glhs} cfO{ v]Ng] sfd n6k  6   . @= dfofnfUbf] eP oflDdg]
rfn . > n6k6fO gf) n6k6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n6k6fOg c) lqm) n6kl
6g] xf]Og . n6k6fpg c) lqm) n6kl6g . n6kl6g c) lqm) != n6k6 ug{ 9gd 
g   v]Ng . @= cf;St xg nxl;g . #= u8\g . n6k6fO gf) n6kl6g] efj, lqmof
jf k|lqmof . n6k6fOg s) lqm) n6k6 ufOg . n6k6fpg ;) lqm)k|) ] lqm) != nf]6k
]6 ufpg u8fpg . @= k|d ] df kmF;fpg cf;St kfg{ . n6k6fx6 gf) n6kl6g] sfd, ls
l;d jf l:ylt n6k6fO . n6df gf) [n6\ df\] != n6\g] dfg]{ sfd . @= n6lk6 . n6nf
) [n6 (l))] n6] lng] sfd n6kf6 . n6fO gf) [ n6\ ( cfO)] n6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
of . [ > ] n6fOg s) lqm) n6\g nfOg . n6fpg k|]) lqm) != n6\g nfpg . @= l;Q
}Fdf lbg hlt eGof] plt lbg . n6fsfg] lj) [nKt sfg P] sfg vlDrg] hftsf] (afv|f) ]
. n6fg gf) [n6 \ cfg] != n6\g] jf nl6g] sfd . @= ;fd"lxs kdf ePsf] n6 . #= n6
]sf] j:t . n6fn6 gf) [n6 \ cf n6] != k:kdf Psn] csf{nfO{ n6g \ ] sfd Ps};fy wdfw
ePsf] n6fO . @= n6fn6 . n6fxf lj) [n6\ cfxf] n6sf] sfd ug]{ n6g \ ] :jefjsf]
n6 ] f] n6fxf .

nsfdfL gf) [ns\ df\] != k:kdf nSg] km]nf kfg]{ uL v]lng] k|l;4 afnv]n sSs . @
sfd nsfns . nsfn gf) hfsgfdf nflbg] jf af]sfOg] 5fnf df]8]sf] bO{dv] y}nL .
nsfns gf) [ns\ cf ns\] != cfk;df nSg] sfd . @= nsfdfL . nsfxf lj) [ns \ cfxf] n
Sg] :jefjsf] nsj f. nlsg c) lqm) [ns\ O g] gb]lvg] xg l5lkg . nsLrf]L lqm)
ns\ O{ rf] O{] != yfx} glbO{sg uf]Ko tjn] . @= nsLl5kL . nsLl5kL lqm) lj) [ns \ O{
uf]Ko tjn] nsLrf]L . nsg  L gf) [ef]) a)] ldxLg f8Laf6 l;P tof ulPsf] hLpdf nuf
s k|sfsf] Gofgf] sk8f . nsjf lj) [ns \ pjf] nSg] :jefjsf] nsfxf . ~ af6f] gf) rf
]af6f] . ~ df; gf) nuf nfPsf] a]nf 5ltf] b]lvg] kmsfNbf df]6f] b]lvg] hLp8fn . n
vnv lqm) lj) [c) d") nv\ c (l))] != s;}nfO{ k5fP jf s;}sf] cf1f dfg] lxF8\g]
?n? . @= emlNnP ef}Ftflg] uL . #= ljjz eP lxF8\b} . nv  ] lj) lnv] . nvf] l
lnIff] lnv] . nunu lqm) lj) [c) d") nu \ c (l))] rsf]{ hf8f], eo, qf; jf f]u cfl
bsf sf0fn] zLdf sDk cfpg] uL nunu yy yy . > nunutLnunuL lqm) lj) cem} n
] lj) nunu sFkfpg] yy kfg]{ (hf8f]) . nuf gf) [;+) nSts] != hLpdf nufpg] sk8f kf
];fs . @= cf]9\g]cf]5fpg] l;s8;gf cflb . #= sk8f j:q . kmf6f] gf) j:qxsf] ;d"x nQf
. ~ eQf gf) :yfoL ;]jfdf x]sf kbflwsfL jf pRr cf]xbfsf JolStnfO{ ljb]ze|d0f ubf{ lg
odfg;f nuf lsGg lbOg] lglZrt sd . nUbL gf) sfut agfpg vsf af]qmfaf6 agfOPsf] n]bf
] sfutsf] n]bf] (kNk) . nRrf] lj) [;+) n~5] != e"m6f] sf u] jf 5sfP csf] ?lkofFk}
g] n5] lng] wtf 7u . @= 9F6jf r]kf] . #= w"t{ km6fxf . > nRRofO gf) n'Rrf] x'
km6fOF . n'5 \ g ;) lqm) [;+) n~5 g] != hah{:tL tfg] 5fpg rF8fNg rF8\g . @
g\u|f cflbn] lryf]g{ g\Uo|fpg . #= hah{:tLl;t lng vf]:g . $= rfd|f] j:t kqm] tf
Gg lvFRg . %= nf5\g n5fg{ . ^= eTnf cnUofpg eTNofpg . > n5nf5 gf) != wdfwd
n5\g] sfd n5frF8L . @= vf]:g], r8 F g \ ,] yTg] jf wTg] sfd vf];vf; ytyft .
n5fO

n6fxfnd n6fxf lj) [n6\ cfxf] n6fxf n6]f] . \ O g] != ltn jf df;sf kftx nl6
[;+) n6 vld|g] f]u nfUg . @= af]6la?jf cflb a6flP a9\g g;Sg . #= sfg 5f]6f] xg
. nl6g@ s) lqm) [n6 \ O g] != n6fdf ulg wgdfn vf]l;g . @= n6df kg{ . #= ;j{:
xlg . n6k6 lqm) lj) [ n6k6] n6k6 . n6 ] lj) [ nl6] != lgdf]l7P a9\g g;s]s
] (af]6la?jf cflb) . @= ;fx|} ;fgf] sfg ePsf] (dflg;, kz cflb) . n6 ] f] lj) [n
6\ Pf]] n6\g] n6fxf n6fxf . n7L gf) [n7f] O] Jolerfl0fL :qL j]Zof . n7f] gf)
hf gf7f] pkklt . n8al8g c) lqm) [nl8a8L g] != n8La8L ug{ . @= u8\g kN6gafhL
g . > n8a8fO gf) n8al8g] jf n8a8fpg] lqmofk|lqmof . n8a8fOg s) lqm) n8La8L
kflg . n8a8fpg ;) lqm) != n8La8L kfg{ nf]6kf]6 kfg{ . @= u8fpg kN6gafhL vjf
pg . n8f] gf) [c\)] s]6fs]6Lxn] v]Ng] Ps k|sfsf] v]n . n07g gf) [;+)] != anhtL;Fu
sf{sf] wgdfn lng] sfd n6 rf]L . @= nf]6\g] jf k5flg] sfd . #= u8\g] sfd n8La8L ug]
{ sfd . nl07t lj) [;+)] != n6af6 NofOPsf] rf]lPsf] . @= k5flPsf] n8]sf] . #= u8]sf
] . ntS  s lqm) lj) [ ntSs] != cf]OnfP nlqg] uL . @= Hofbf kfs] uNg] rfnn] . nt]
f] gf) [ntf] P] != nufkmf6f]sf] ;;fgf] wf] nGb|f] . lj) @= lgwf]{ bAnf] nvf
nt ] lj) [ntf] P] != ntf] cfPsf] jf ntf] ePsf] ntfsf] f]uL . @= an gePsf] bAnf]
lkmtnf] n] . nt]\u|f] lj) [ntf] P\u|f] ] != ntf] nTof\u|f] . @= f]uL lknGw
] gf) [;+) n"tf] Hofb} lrnfpg] afSnf laldf p7] kfSg] vl6fljz]if . ~ g sGofO gf) sfd
lg gxg] gfd klg gxg] cyjf xif{lj:dft s]xL gePsf] cj:yf (pbf) xfdLnfO{ kf] Jojxf
rnfpg ufx|f] kof], ltd|f t sf]xL 5}gg\ ntf] g sGofO) . nQ lqm) lj) [c) d") nt \ t
] != n]bf] kbfy{ Hofbf kfs] v:g] uL nQ . @= em k:g] jf lg:sg] rfnn] NjfQ ;Q . ;ft) n
ttt . nlQg c) lqm) [nQ O g] != OHht, k|lti7f, kb jf cf]xbf cflbaf6 Rot xg vl
Qg lgsflng . @= gi6 xg lau|g . #= eTsg klxf] hfg . > nofO gf) nlQg] efj jf l
mof k|lqmof . nofOg s) lqm) vofOg . nofpg
1116

;) lqm) != OHht, k|lti7f, kb jf cf]xbfaf6 Rot ug{ vofpg . @= gi6 ug{ laufg{ eT
sfpg . nTofu|f] lj)x]) nt]\u|f] . nTofxf lj) [ntf] ofxf] != ntf] nfu]sf] nt] .
= sdhf] ba{n xtLxff gfdb{ . nqg c) lqm) [nq g] != lh2L gu] nqSs kg{ nqg
 gxg bAg . @= nfrf xg ljjz xg afWo xg . #= ljgoefj b]vfpg gd| xg . > n
fO gf) nqg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . nqfOg s) lqm) nqS  s kflg . nqfpg k|]) lqm
) nqSs kfg{ nqfpg . nlqg c) lqm) nqSs klg . nqSs lqm) lj) [ nqSs] != nqg]
uL . @= ljjz xg] 9\un] ntSs nqSs . nq] lj) [nq P] nt] ntf] . nfd|] lj)
nfPsf] bAnf]kftnf] 8x] Vofp6] . nqf] lj) [ ntf]] nqSs k]sf] ntf] . n
Ps hftsf] kIfL . nG8f] lj) [;+) ?08] kR5, kv]6f cflb sfl6Psf] lnF8Nsf] 76] . n
Gt ] nGtf] gf) != afnsxsf] d"q]lGb|o tGtf] tL . @= wf] wsf]{ nGb|f] . n
Gb|f ] P] nt/f] n/] Vofp6] . nGb|f ] gf) [nQf TofGb|f] ] != sk8fsf] ;fgf] w;f]{ .
@= TofGb|f] . nk gf) [c\)] :qLxn] of]lgdf nufpg] ue{lgf]wsf] ;fwg . nkS  s lqm) lj
) [c) d") nks 
\ s] lunf] kbfy{ Ps} v]kdf rf6] vfg] uL nkSs NofKk ;kSs . nkn 
  lqm) lj) [ nknk] wdfwd rf6] nknk . nKt lj) [;+)] != efFlrPsf] eUg Ifltu|:t . @
f]k ePsf] nss ] f], l5k]sf] xfPsf] . #= nl6Psf] 7luPsf] . $= ck|oQ  m ck|rlnt . %=
cb[Zo gb]lvPsf] . ^= pk]lIft x]nf ulPsf] . > nKtfsf gf) nf]k ePsf] 7fpFdf n]lvg] cf
wf csf jf cfsfsf] lrXg () v08fsf . > nKtf]kdf gf) pkdfg, pkd]o, wd{ jfrs rfdWo] s
j6f nf]k xb F f kg]{ pkdf cn\ s fsf] Ps e] b . ~ z[ \ v nf gf) g[tjzf:qcg;f dfgj
g/sf aLr a;] dfgjsf k"jh { ;Fu ;DaGwsf] z[v \ nf hf]8g \ ] Pp6f dfgjh:tf] k|f0fL bl
If0fL gjfg . nAw lj) [;+)] != dg u9fP sg} sf lng rfxg] nf]eL nfnrL nf]nk . @= O
ot . #= nDk6 cf;Qm . > nAws gf) != nf]eL dfG5] . @= l;sfL . #= nDk6 dflg; . $= pQL
uf]nfw{sf] Ps t]h:jL tff . nlAwg c) lqm) Hofb} nf]eL xg . nAwf] gf) nf]eL nfnrL
. nd gf) [c\)] nuf aGg] 3]n ;fwg jf oGq tfg .

1117

nd8Ln]s nnL xft gf) [nnf] xft] s]6fs]6Lsf] xft nnf] kfg{ nfP cfk"mn] xNnfO{ p;sf
xftn] p;}nfO{ na6fpg] afnv]n . nn gf) lxdfnL e]udf xg] ;fx} ;fgf] 8fnsf] rf}FL uf
O{ . \ != bla{nf] jf bxf] gePsf] lkmtnf] nn ] nnf] lj) [;+) nn] ba{n lzlyn . @= l
lZrt l;4fGt jf wf0ffdf cl8u gePsf] . ~ n\u8f] lj) c\ue\u ePsf] . nNofO gf) [ nln (
] != nlng] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . [nNofp cfO] @= nNofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] n
NofOg s) lqm) nnf] kflg . nNofpg ;) lqm) nnf] kfg{ jf ufpg . n;fs6L gf) [g]
jf) s;fsly] l9sLn] s6b \ f cf]vnsf wfg, lrpf cflb rnfpg ldNg], 6Kkfdf k|foM emd|f
] a]]sf] nfdf] sf7 nfpg] sf7 n8 F L. nl;g c) lqm) [nf];f] O g] != n;f] jf nf];] x
kmlt{nf] jf hfFulnf] gxg hlD;g l9nf] xg . @= n;f] eP kl5 nfUg sg} sfsf] cf
:g . > n:ofO gf) nl;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n:ofOg s) lqm) nf];f] kflg . n
:ofpg k|]) lqm) nf];f] kfg{ . n;L gf) [g]jf) Nxl;] != lrpf s6g \ ] ;fFaL gnfu]s
f] sf7sf] d;n . @= glgLn] g sf6\g] xltof . n;Ss lqm) lj) [c) d") n;s\ s] s;}nfO{
yfxfkQ} glbO{ cfpg]hfg] jf n?Ss k] lxF8\g] uL . n; ] lj) [n;f] P] != sg} sfdsfdf
] hlt hfFu jf kmtL{ gePsf] sfd u] tfklg lnl;lkl; ug]{ hD;f] nf];] . @= hlt u] tfk
\g grfxg] lw\Gofxf c6] . n;q ] f] lj) [n;f] Pqf]] n;] n;f] n:ofqf] . n;f] lj)
]] ;fx|} l9nf] rfnsf] nf];f] . n:ofO gf) [ nl; ( ofO)] != nl;g] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . [n:ofp cfO] @= n:ofpg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . [ > ] n:ofOg n;f] kflg . n
:ofpg k|]) lqm) n;f] kfg{ . n:ofqf] lj)x]) n;q ] f] . n:; lqm) lj) [c) d") n
;\ ;] yfx} gkfO{ cfpg] jf hfg] uL n;S s. nxf/ gf)x]) nf]xf/ . > nxfgL{ gf) nf]xfgL
{ . n" gf) x]) n! . n"6 gf)x]) n6 . n"tf] gf)x]) ntf] . n] lje) gfd jf ;j{gfddf h
f]lP stf{ s0f sfssf] cj:yf aemfpg] kfos k|Too . (h:t} efOn] sndn] n]v] . d}n] xftn
;ff u]) F . n]O{n]p gf) [k|f) n]j > ;+) n]k] eO{+ jf leQfdf ;bL{, lr;f] cflbff cfpg]
fp jf s; . n]s gf) lxdfng]sf kxf8sf] dflyNnf] efu jf cUnf] ;]lknf]

nd8L gf) [;+) nf]dz] :ofnsf hftsf] Ps h\unL hgfj ofpf] . nd  lj) kR5h:tf] xlN
s6/ ] f] gf) kR5em}F uL yf\gfsf] km] xNng] kf]sf] yf\g] kf]sf] . nlDagL gf) [;+
g]kfn clwfHosf] klZrdf~rnIf]qsf] ?kGb]xL lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|frLg jg uf}td a4sf] h
Gd:yn . @= g]kfn clwfHosf] o;} gfdsf] c~rn . | \ c (l))] tfut gePsf] nd | nd |
lqm) lj) [c) d") nd dflg; ;:t;:t lxF8\g] rfnn] Nofd|fNofd|f . nd ]| ndf | ] gf)
ndf | ] P] != sk8fsf] nfDrf] wf] nGb|f] . lj) @= nf];] hD;f] . #= n] . nD;f] lj)
nf];] rfnsf] l9nf] jf ;:t rfnsf] nd|f] . n gf) zlQm kfOg . (pbf) n ePsf] dfG5] e
f] p;af6 sfd kf nfUYof]) . nv lqm) lj) [c) d") n\ v] != emlNng] jf xlNng] rfnn]
v . @= bAnfkftnf dflg;n] la:tf} sfd ug]{ uL . > nvfO gf) nvfpg] efj, lqmof jf
mof . nvfOg c) lqm) nvfpg] xf]Og . nvfpg c) lqm) nvlg . nvlg c)
tfplt lxF88n ug{ nvfpg emlNng nvnv lxF8g \  . nv ] lj) ljgfsfd otfplt nvl
ofO gf) nvlg] efj jf lqmofk|lqmof . nvofx6 gf) nvlg] sfd nvofO . nLv
wf]{ jf czQm dflg;n] ;sLg;sL sfd ug]{ rfnn] h]gt]g . n?n? lqm) lj) nfrfL jf x}fgLs
f ;fy lxF8] nOFnOF nvnv v?v? . n]nf] lj) [nf] P] != lgwf]{ czQm sdh
hLp8fnsf] bAnf] kftnf] . #= sfFy lgkm lxSdtxff lxDdt gePsf] . nsg { gf) [;+)
= n6\sg] uL sfgsf nf]tLdf c8fP nfOg] uxgf . @= emlG8P x]sf] j:t ns{g . > ns{g] gf
fv|fsf sfgdlgsf] ygh:tf] nsf]{ . nsf{ gf) [nsf]{sf] lt)?)] x]) nsf]{ . ns {] l
j) [nsf] { P] nsf]{ ePsf] . ~ eG6f gf) kft 8fF7df sfF8f xg], nfdf] emLgf] gLnf]
\usf] kmn kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] eG6f ns]{ leF8f . ~ le8f gf) n's]{ eG6f . n'sf]{ gf) [n
]{] != :qLhfltn] sfgsf] nf]tLdf n6\sg] uL nufpg] Ps k|sfsf] uxgf n'sg { n'sf{ . @=
afv|fsf sfgdlg e'mlG8P x]sf] df;'sf] n's{g . #= nL nsf]{ . n'lng c) lqm) [nnf] O g
f] jf lkmtnf] xg . nnLnnL gf) [nnf] O (l))] s]6fs]6Lsf] xft nnf] kfg{ nufP kfO
ufpg xNnfOg] Ps afnv]n .

n]sfnLn]vf]6 kj{t lzv . ~ kf\u|f] gf) 7"nf] vdf kmNg], nfdf 7"nf sf];fleq xg], kf
h:tf] af6nf] sn]hL sf] Ps hftsf] kmn . n]sfnL lj) [n]s cfnL] n]sdf xg,] a:g] jf kfO
g] n]s;DaGwL n]ssf] . ~ sf}jf gf) n]sdf xg] ;jf{u \ zL sfnf] ePsf] sf}jf . n]v\g
m) [;+) lnv\ g] != snd, d;L jf , srL cflbn] cIf, d"lt{, lrq cflb agfpg . @= n]v, u|G
y cflbsf] k|0fog ug{ . n]v gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifodf n]v] k|s6 ulPsf] ljrf jf sf]
= n]lvPsf] sfut lnvt n]vf]6 . #= n]lvPsf] cIf lnlk . n]vs gf) [;+)] != n]v, k:ts cfl
b n]Vg] JolQm rgfsf u|Gysf . @= 3Jojxfsf td;s cflb n]Vg] JolQm . #= lnlksf . :j
n] cfgf] s[lt k|sflzt ePkl5 ;f] s[ltsf] k|sfzsaf6 kfpg] clwsfk"js { sf] cf+lzs sd foN
6L . n]vt gf) [ lnvt] lnvt . n]vg gf) [;+)] n]Vg] sfd jf n]vfO;DaGwL snf . bf; gf) ;
fwf0f JojxfL n]vfk9Lsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm lnvt n]Vg] n]vs jf sflGbf . n]vgfy gf) [;+)] s
ljlzf]dl0f pkflw kfPsf g]kfnL ;flxTosf k|Voft slj (lj) ;+) !($! @)@@) . n]vgL gf)
[;+)] n]Vg] ;fwg snd . n]vgLo lj) [;+)] n]Vgkg]{ n]Vg of]Uo n]Vo . n]vGt] gf) [n]v\ c
t]] n]Vg] JolSt n]vs . n]vk9 gf) [n]v \ k9\] != n]Vg] k9\g] sfd n]vfk9L . @= cWoog .
n]v kf\uf | ] gf) n]s kf\u|f] . n]vf! gf) [;+)] != sff]afsf] ;a} a]xf]f b]lvg] uL
] clen]v, :ofxf, vftfaxL cflb pQm sfutkq cfoJoosf] ljj0f lx;fa jf u0fgf . @= n]v] fl
Psf] sf] 36gfsf] ljj0f . #= ]vf wsf]{ k\lQm . $= lrq lrXg . n]vf@ gf) of]) [;+) n
rf jf b[li6sf]0fdf eGbf n]lv . @= nflu lglDt . \ n]vfp cfO] n]Vg] tyf n]vfpg] efj, lq
mof n]vfO gf) [n]v jf k|lqmof . n]vfpgLn]vf}gL gf) [n]v\ cfpgL] n]Vg]nfO{ lbOg] Hofnf
jf b:t n]vfOvr{ . n]vfpg k|) ] lqm) [n]v\ cfp g] n]Vg nfpg . n]vfsd{ gf) [;+)] n]vf
jf lx;falstfa fVg] sfd txlanbfL (PsfpG6]G;L) . n]vflrq gf) [;+)] sg} Jofkf, sfdsf]
gfdf eOxg]
1118

36a9 km]abn jf cGo tYoxsf] kf:kls ;DaGw ;"lrt ug]{ ljleGg ]vf ePsf] rfsg] c\sgkq
]vfhf]vf gf) [n]v \ hf]v] \ n]vf]hf]vf] . n]vflws[t gf) [;+)] lx;falstfa hfFRg] jf
x]g]{ clwsfL . n]vfWoIf gf) [;+)] ;sfL sfof{no jf ;\3;+:yf cflbsf] cfoJoosf] lx;fa fV
] clwsfL n]vfkfn . n]vfGt gf) [n]vf cGt] k|fAw efUo (pbf) ufpF3sL ;f]emL ;eb|f n]vf
ljZjf; uly{g\ u) k|) d}gfnL) . n]vfGt gf) [;+)] != n]vfGt efUo k|fAw . @= Ps k|sfs
n]vaf6 csf]{ k|sfsf] n]vdf kl0ft ug]{ sfd . n]vfk9L gf) [n]v\ k9\ O{] != n]Vg] k9\g] s
d n]vk9 . @= lr7Lkq, khL{ cflb n]Vg] sfd kqJojxf . #= n]gb]g;DaGwL Jojxfdf ;atk|df
0fsf nflu ulg] lnvt n]vf]6 . n]vf kLIfs gf) [;+)] ;sfL sfof{no jf ;\3;+:yf cflbsf] x
a hfFr ug]{ clwsfk|fKt JolSt cl86 . n]vf kLIf0f gf) [;+)] cfly{s sff]af xg] ;sfL
3;+:yf cflbsf Jofj;flos ;\u7gxsf] vftf tyf clen]v lgoda4 kn] hfFr, ?h" cflb uL xlx;fa
x]g]{ jf:tljs cfly{s l:yltsf ;DaGwdf k|ltj]bg lbg] sfd clws[t ;+:yf jf JolStff ulg]
To:tf] xlx;fasf] lgodk"j{ssf] hfFraem cl86 . n]vf kLIff gf) [;+)] n]vfkLIf0f . n]vf
kfn gf) [;+)] cfDbfgL vr{sf] lx;fa jf n]vf fVg], n]Vg] lhDd]jfL lng] sd{rfL PsfpG6]G
. n]vfn]v gf) [n]v\ cf n]v\] kfn}l;t n]Vg] sfd bf]xf] kqfrf . n]lv lqm) lj) [n]vf] b[
sf]0fdf ljrfdf n]vf lglDt . (pbf) ltd|f n]lv pgL d]afa} eP t <) . n]lvsf gf) [;+)]
n]v, u|Gy cflb n]Vg] :qL . @= n]vgbf;sf] sfd ug]{ :jf:gLdflg; . n]lvg s) lqm) [n
]v\ O g] n]Vg] sfd ulg . n]lvd gf) [;+) n]v c\) Od\] n]vgdf sg} efiffsf] k|ltlglwTj u
n3td, k[ys\ lnlklrXg u|flkmd . n]vj  f lj) [n]v \ pjf] n]lvPsf] (khL{, a]xf]f cf
lb) n]Vg] jf n]lv6f]kNg] . (ltdL;Fu n]vjf aofg g} lnof] ls df}lvs ;f]wgL dfq uof]
< sfdwfd guL n]vjf eP dfq} sxfF vfg kfOG5 ) . n]vf] gf) [ n]vf] != ;Demgfsf lglDt
lg] cfoJoosf] u0fgf lx;fa ;\Vof . @= ljZjf; ulg] sf] . hf]vf] gf) lx;falstfa jf g
f] u0fgf jf kmfF6jfL . n]vf]6 gf) [n]v\ cf]6] ;fgf] l6Kk0fL n]lvPsf] sfut jf lr7Lkq l
nvt . (pbf) 3;fd} eP klg Pp6f n]vf]6

1119

n]vf] g hf]vf]n]ann]an n]Ygn]Ygf] lj) [;+) Zny] != ysfO, lk6fO cflbn] rNgr6k6fpg g
;Sg] ePsf] lynlynf] . @= ban { jf lzlyn ePsf] hL0f{ . #= lau|]sf] Wj:t . n]y|f] gf)
[ n]u|f]] pef/ lyu|]gL lyu|f] . n]bf] gf) [k|f) n2L] != afSnf] tn kbfy{ nbf] j:t .
) @= afSnf] kGofnf] baba] . n]w|f] gf) [ n]u|f]] pef lyu|f] . n]gb]g gf) [lng lbg]
sg} j:t lng] lbg] sfd cfbfgk|bfg . @= k:kdf C0f lng]lbg] sfd ;;fk6 sfaf . n]gf
cnfO{ ltgk { g]{ wg jf gubL j:t . b]gf gf) n]gb]g . n]lgg gf) ljZjk|l;4 Ps ;fDojf
bL g]tf . jfb gf) n]lggn] rnfPsf] :jLsf u]sf] ls;fg, dhb ;j{xff ju{ff qmflGt
zf;g;Qf hgtfsf xftdf Nofpg] fli6o kFhL tyf pTkfbgdf ;dfg xs pkef]u sfod ug]{ fhgLl
ts l;4fGt . jfbL lj) n]lggsf] l;4fGtdf ljZjf; fVg] n]lggjfbsf] cgofoL . n]G; gf) [c
)] != Ps} 7fpFdf ls0f ;f]xf]g{] jf k|sfz, b[Zo cflbnfO{ 7"nf];fgf] b]vfpg], dfemd
f p7]sf] jf ba]sf] b"aLg, Sofdf cflbdf hl8g] sfFrsf] rSsf jf P]gf . @= aflxL kbfy{s
f] 5fof u|x0f ug]{ cfFvfleqsf] kfbzL{ ;fgf] efu gfgL . n]k \ g ;) lqm) [;+) lnk\ g]
n]kg ug{ lnKg . n]k gf) [;+)] != lnKg], kf]Tg] jf rkg | ] j:t n]kg rGbg . @= ;l
gPds]s { f 7fpFdf nfpg] n]bf] cf]vtL dnd . > n]kg gf) != n]k nufpg] sfd rGbg, dnd c
flb nfpg] sfd . @= lnkkf]t lnkfO . n]kgLo lj) n]kg ug{ ;xfpFbf], lnKg jf 3:g nfos
. n]lkt lj) n]k nufOPsf] n]kg ulPsf] . n]kfO gf) [ n]k\ ( cfO)] n]Kg] lqmof jf k|lqmo
. [ > ] n]kfOg s) lqm) n]Kg] sfd ufOg . n]kfpg k|) ] lqm) n]kg ufpg n]Kg nfpg .
n]lkg s) lqm) n]Kg] sfd ulg lnlkg . n]k|f] gf) [n]k f]] != pk]Iff, cZnLntf cflb k|
6 ulFbf cfpg] zAb . @= 6fFl;Psf] d}nf bfu . > n]Ko|fO gf) n]kf |] xg] jf n]Ko|fpg]
lqmofk|lqmof . n]Ko|fOg s) lqm) n]Ko|fpg] sfd ulg . n]Ko|fpg ;) lqm) sg} sfdsf] d
gkbf{ jf pk]Iff, lgGbf cflbsf] efj k|s6 ubf{ tNnf] cf]7 aflx kmsf{pg n]Ao|fpg .
n]Ko|fSs lqm) lj) [c) d") n]Ko|fs\ s] cf]7 n]Ko|fpg] rfnn] . n]Ko|fx6 gf) [n]Ko|fp cf
x6] cf]7 n]Ko|fpg] efj, l:ylt, lqmof jf k|lqmof . n]ann]an gf) [c\) n]an] af, afs;
, af]tn cflbdf

t ug}k { 5{) . ~ kq gf) n]lvPsf] sfutkq lnvt . ~ khL{ gf) != sg} sfdsfsf] lgsf;, km:
f]6 { , tfd]nL cflb ug]{ l;nl;nfdf c;Fu ;f]wgL uL hjfkm lngkbf{, dflg; lemsfpgkb
f{ jf ;hldg abf ;d]t n]lvg] sfut . @= sg} sfdsf] a]xf]f n]lvPsf] sfut . n]vf] g hf]
vf] gf) [n]v\ g hf]v\] dfqf jf ;\Vof atfpg g;lsg] l:ylt . n]vf}6 gf) [n]v\ cf}6] n]vf]6
n]Vo lj) [;+)] n]Vg nfos n]Vgkg]{ n]vgLo . ~ bfg gf) fhfn] hUuf lbFbf jf hUuf;DaGwL
cfo:tfsf] lgod agfpFbf tyf hgtfn] hUuf lsga]r ubf{ e":jfldTjsf nflu lbOg] lg:;f
kq . n]u|f]! gf) [k|f) nUu] != clnslt afFsL x]sf] sfd sfdsf] z]if . @= ar]vr]sf] j
f lylu|Psf] yf]} j:t lgyf lgy|]gL . #= sk8f cflbdf 6fFl;Psf] d}n bfu . n]u|f]@ gf) [
) d") Nofk\ f]] != 3fF6Lsf] leqklsf] Ps cjoj l3r|f] . @= nfdf] 7"nf] :j n]3|f] . #=
jfu| lha|fsf] cl3Nnf] efu . n]3|f] gf) x]) n]u|f] . n]lrg c) lqm) [ nlRsg] != lxF8b
\ f vf vf]lrg nRsg . @= af]Nbf sf] rkfpg jf nalg . > n]RofO gf) n]lrg] jf n]Ro
] sfd . n]RofOg c) lqm) n]lrg] xf]Og . n]Rofpg c) lqm) != n8v8fpg vf]Rofpg . k
|]) lqm) @= n]lrg] kfg{ nRsfpg . n]6g \  c) lqm) [;+) n]6g g] cffd;fy ;Tg kN6g
jf 9Nsg . n]6 lj) [c\)] != ljnDasf] l9nf] . lqm) lj) @= laofFnf] ca] . n]6g gf) [;+)
5f]8b \ } g5f]8L Psgf;n] wgf{ lbg] sfd nDk6 . n]6 Dof6 gf) [c\)] 5flk;s]kl5 klg km]
l pkof]u xg] ;Defjgfn] glaufL flvPsf] 6fOk;fdu|L . n]6 gf) [c\)] != lr7L kq . @= c
Kof8 gf) kq n]Vgsf lglDt agfOPsf] gfd, 7]ufgf cflb ePsf] jf ;fbfvfn] sfutsf kqsf
] ;d"x . ~ aS; gf) kqd~h"iff lr7Lafs; . n]6fO gf) [ n]6\ ( cfO)] n]6\g] lqmof jf k|lqm
of . [ > ] n]6fOg s) lqm) n]6\g nfOg kN6fOg . n]6fpg k|) ] lqm) n]6g \ jf kN6g
nfpg ;tfpg . n]l6g c) lqm) klN6g 9lNsg . n]7g gf) [ n]6g] cL lng] sfd wgf{ n]
n]7f] gf) [ n]7g] emd]nf emGem6 . a]7f] gf) != em}emd]nf . @= guL gxg] sfd . n]8 g
[c\)] != sDkf]h ulPsf 6fOkx ;f]emf] kfg{ nxsf aLraLrdf xflng] l;;f jf sf7sf] l;Gsf]
. @= l;;f .

n]Ao|fOnf]stGq 6fFl;g], leq x]sf j:tsf] lrgfL jf ljj0f n]lvPsf] kq . n]Ao|fO gf) [ n
Ao|fp ( cfO)] n]Ao|fpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n]Ao|fOg s) lqm) n]Ao|fpg] sfd ulg
 . n]Ao|fpg ;)lqm) n]Ko|fpg . n]Ao|fSs lqm)lj)x]) n]Ko|fSs . n]Ao|fx6 gf) [n]Ao|f
p cfx6] x]) n]Ko|fx6 . n]eG ] 8 gf) [c\)] jg:kltljz]ifaf6 agfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] cQ . n]dg
]8 gf) [c\) n]df]g8 ] ] sfutLsf] ; ld;fP agfOPsf] ;a{tljz]if . n]z gf) [;+)] != clt ;
fgf] s0f jf c+z . @= ;fx|} yf]} j:t . #= z]if tif . n];\g ;) lqm) [;+) n]; g] n]k,
dnd, t]n cflb j:t jf cGo sg} n];fOnf] kbfy{ ldlxg kf] lnKg jf 3:g n];fg{ . n]; g
f) [;+) Zn]if] != yf]} dfq lrKnf] 3:g] j:t . @= To:tf] j:tsf] cNk kldf0f . #= af
an]6h:tf] KjfnKjfn k]sf] ldxL sk8fdf kftnf af lgsflnPsf], ljleGg cfsfsf rf}8fO xg],
k|foM s]6Lxsf hfdf, k|ms cflbsf afxnf, unf cflb efudf k]6Lsf]6, ;fL cflbsf lsgffd
f nufOg] kfh:tf] ;fwf jf \lug sk8f . nf; gf) k:kdf n]:g] sfd lnkfO3;fO . n];fO g
( cfO)] n]:g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] n];fOg s) lqm) n]:g] sfd ufOg . n];fpg k|)
] lqm) n]:g] sfd ulg . n];fOnf] lj) [n]; cfOnf]] n]l;g] vfnsf] n:;f ePsf] n]l;nf] . n
];f\g ;) lqm) [n]; cf g] lunf] kbfy{ Rof6Rof6 nfUg] kf] 3:g n]:g . > n];ffO gf
fd jf k|lqmof . n];ffOg s) lqm) n];fg{ nfOg . n];ffpg k|]) lqm) n];fg{ nfpg . n]
;flg s) lqm) n];fg]{ sfd ulg n]l;g . n];fofO gf) n];flg] sfd jf lsl;d . n]l;nf]
n]; \ Onf]] n];fOnf] n:;fbf/ . n]:gn]:gf] gf) [n];\ ggf]] n]:g] jf n];fg]{ lqmof k|l
mof, n]:g] sfd n];fO . n]:ofO gf) [n]; \ ofO] n]l;g] sfd jf lsl;d . n]:ofOnf] lj) [n
]; \ ofOnf]] n];fOnf] n]l;nf] . n]x gf) [;+)] != rf6\g] sfd . @= rf6] vfOg] j:t . n
]xfh gf) [ lnxfh] Jojxfdf xgkg]{ sfsf] Wofgljrf, zLn;\sf]r, ;Ddfgdof{bf cflbsf] l:
. n]X lj) [;+)] != rf6\gk  g]{ rf6\g nfos . gf) @= rf6] vfOg] j:t r6gL . n}l\ us
[;+)] sg} lrXg jf nIf0f ePsf] ln\u;DaGwL . tf gf) efn] tyf kf]yL n}ls ;DaGwsf cfwf
1120

hLjgoyfy{ ;dfhnfO{ x]g]{ b[li6sf]0f jf dfGotf . n}hfg ;) lqm) [ln hf g] != sg} j:t,
dflg;, va cflb lnP hfg nfg nUg . @= csf] dfndQf, j:t cflb x0f ug{ xg{ . n}gf]
!= ev{ laofPsf] (ufO{a:t) . @= ev{ hGd]sf] gjhft b"w] (kf8f], af5f], kf7f] cflb) .
kf]) n}gL (Jo\Uofy{df) . ~ gfgL gf) ev{ hGd]sf] afns b"w] lzz . n}aL gf) [nx} af O{
kfnL nf]suLtdf k|rlnt Ps efsfsf] gfd . @= To:tf] uLtdf cfpg] xgL jf y]uf] . n}nuf
d gf) [(l)) nufd] nufd To;l;t ;DalGwt j:t ;fdfg;lxtsf] nufd . n}n } gf) [ nx}nx}] n
}nx}sf] 5f]6sL k axsfp xfxf . nf]l F sn gf) [g]jf)] sg} bO{ b]zsf aLrsf l;dfgfdf ufl
g] 9\uf] nf]xFlsn . nf]s gf) [;+)] != a|Xdf08sf] sg} Ps efu cyjf v08 ;+;f/ hut\ bl
F . @= kf0fcg;f :ju{, dTo{ kftfn tLg :yfg jf k[YjL;lxt pFef]sf e"nf]{s, ejnf]{s
, :jnf]{s, dxnf]{s, hgnf]s, tknf]s ;Tonf]s ;ft pFwf]sf ctn, ;tn, ljtn, tnftn, ;f
tn, dxftn kftfn ;ft;d]t rf}w ejg . #= u|xd08n (h:tf] ;"o{nf]s, rGb|nf]s, w|jnf]
s cflb) . $= dVo b]jtfsf] lgjf;:yn (h:tf] lzjnf] s , lji0f n f] s , a| X dnf]
s cflb) . %= kf0fcg;f, k|f0fL hLljt 5Fbf ef]u ug]{ d]kl5 kUg] 7fpF Oxnf]s knf]s
^= ;dfg ;+:s[lt, efjgf ;fdflhs l:ylt ePsf vf; ef}uf]lns PsfOdf xg] dflg;sf] ;dbf
o hg;d"x . &= jf:t jf d"lt{df k|of]u xg] c\un jf dfqfsf] cf7 ugfafasf] gfk t"0fL,
j; jf d"lt{afasf] gfk cf7 cdn . ~ s06s gf) bi6 jf vfa JolQm bh{g . syf gf) kD
f]shLjgdf df}lvs kn] rlncfPsf] syf bGTosyf . ~ sNof0fsfL lj) nf]ssf] enf] ug]{ . sfo
{ gf) nf]s jf ;j{;fwf0f hgtf;Fu ;DaGw xg] sfd . ufyf gf) kDkfb]lv nf]sn] dvdv} uf
} cfPsf], g[To syfTdstf;d]t ljBdfg x]sf], fli6o uf}j jf jLrlq dxjk"0f{ 36gfsf] a
{ z[\vnfa4 ljz]if uLt . uLt gf) hg;dfhdf kDkfb]lv ufpFb} rNb} cfPsf] uLt (l;of, sv
ofp], l;nf]s cflb) . ~ 3f]if0ff gf) nf]ssf lglDt ulg] gLltoSt 3f]if0ff . rIf gf)
"o{ . lht\ lj) != ;+;fnfO{ lhTg] nf]sljhoL . @= a4 . nf]s8f] lj) [ n8sf]] nueu afx|
f}w jif{sf] 5f]s8f]eGbf sDtL pd]sf] jf ;fgf] (l76f]) . nf] s tGq gf) [;+) ] ax ; \
V os hgtfff 5flgPsf

1121

nf]stGqLnf]s ;flxTo ljZjljVoft . gf) nf]sk|l;4 xg] l:ylt jf sfd ljZje km}lnPsf] Vo
flt . nf]slk|o lj) [;+)] nf]s jf blgofFnfO{ dg k]sf] ;asf] Koff] hglk|o . tf gf) n
lk|o xg] efj, cj:yf jf u0f hglk|otf . nf]s efjgf gf) [;+)] != nf]s jf hgtfsf] ;]
jf, sNof0f, pksf cflb ug]{ efjgf . @= hgtfsf] efjgf jf j[lQ . nf]sdt gf) [;+)] sg}
b]zsf hgtfsf] ;fd"lxs ljrf jf lxtsf] ;"rs xg] clwsf+z hgtfsf] dt jf fo . nf]s dof
{bf gf) [;+)] nf]sdf ug{kg]{ jf nf]sn] dfGgkg]{ ;fdflhs Lltl:ylt nf}lss Jojxf . nf
]sn lj) [c\)] :yfgljz]ifsf] x]) :yfgLo . ~ sn gf) 6]lnkmf]g ubf{ ToxL :yfg jf Onfsfd
f dfq ulg] sfsfgL jf sfufO . nf]sno gf) [;+)] nf]suLtdf k|rlnt ;femf no hgtfn] ufpg
Ltdf hgtfs} s07af6 ;xh :jfefljs kdf lg:s]sf] :j jf efsf . nf]sjfb gf) [;+)] nf]ssf]
xslxtsf lglDt nfUg] jf nf]ssf] kIf lng] l;4fGt . nf]sjftf{ gf) [;+)] != hg;fwf0fd
f klxn]b]lv rlncfPsf] sf] ;j{;fwf0fsf] ljrf ls+jbGtL . @= nf]s;flxTo . nf]s jfxg gf)
+)] ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] ;fdfg af]Sgfsf lglDt Jojxf ulg] df]6, 6s, ]n cflb uf8L . nf]slj
t lj) [;+)] hg;d"xdf gfpF rn]sf] nf]sk|l;4 . nf]s Jojxf gf) [;+)] nf]sdf rn]sf] jf
dflgPsf] Jojxf ;dfhdf k|rlnt k|yf nf]sfrf . nf]s ~hg gf) [;+)] ;a}nfO{ ;vL tyf k|;Gg
Vg] sfd nf]ssf] dgf]~hg . nf]s zflGt gf) [;+)] sg} ljb|fx ] , pTkft, ljWj+; cflb geP
sf] ;dodf hgtfdf xg] zflGt . nf]s ;Qf gf) [;+)] nf]stflGqs k|0ffnLcg;f sg} b]zsf]
;Qf hgtfs} xft jf clwsfdf xg] zf;gk4lt nf]stGq k|hftGq . > nf]s ;QfTds lj) hgtfff ;
rflnt jf Jojl:yt (zf;gk4lt) . nf]s ;bgnf]s ;ef gf) [;+)] != ;+;b\sf bO{ ;bg jf ;ef
dWo] Ps nf] s tGqfTds Joj:yf ePsf b] zsf hgk|ltlglwxsf] ;ef k|ltlglw;ef . @= eftLo ;
+;b\df x]sf] tNnf] ;ef . nf]s ;dfh gf) [;+)] hg;d"x hg;dfh . nf]s ;Ddlt gf) [;+)] d
nssf] zf;gk|0ffnLdf efu lng] tyf k|hftflGqs k4ltsf] cfwf:tDe dflgg] hgtfsf] ;fd"
lxs dt jf ljrf nf]sdt . nf]s ;flxTo gf) [;+)] ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] sf]dn

k|ltlglwxsf] ;Ddltcg;f sg} b]zsf] zf;gJoj:yf rNg] gLltlgwf{0f cflb xg] zf;gk|0ffnL
k|hftGq . jfb gf) nf]stGqsf] zf;gk4lt jf l;4fGt . jfbL lj) nf]stGqjfbsf] cgofoL j
f Tof] l;4fGt dfGg] . nf]stGqL lj) [;+)] nf]stGqsf] nf]stflGqs . s0f gf) sg} b]zsf]
f;gk4ltnfO{ nf]stGqsf] k lbg] jf To;cgk agfpg] sfd k|hftGqLs0f . nf] s tflGqs lj) [;
+) ] nf] s tGq;DaGwL nf] s tGqsf l;4fGtcg;fsf] . nf]stfnf]stL gf) [nf]stf] nf]stL] g
f) ;fgf7"nf w]} nf]stfsf] ;d"x . nf]stL gf) [nf]stf] O{] != nf]stf]sf] n3 k . @= nf]
stf]sf] :qLk :qLnf]stf] . nf]stf] gf) [;+) nSts] != hOgfsf] kdf k|of]u xg ;Sg] kf6
cflbsf] TofGb|f];lxtsf] af]qmf] sfut] kf6 . @= kf6, af]qmf], 5fnf cflbaf6 ag]sf]
gfDnfsf] kftf]h:t} nfdf] wf] jf 8f]L . #= g]kfnL sfut agfpg] Ps k|sfsf] 3fF; . lj)
$= ;gs ] f] g;Go} uL jf eg]sf] g6]L al;xg] rfd|f] . nf]sqo gf) [;+)] :ju{, dTo{ k
tfn tLgj6f nf]s . > nf]sqoL gf) nf]sqo . nf]sb"if0f lj) [;+)] blgofFnfO{ vfa xg]
sfd ug]{ blgofFsf] xflggf]S;fgL ug]{ . nf]so gf) [;+)] :ju{ k[YjL bO{ nf]s . nf]s
gfr gf) [nf]s gfr] x]) nf]sg[To . nf]sgf6 gf) [;+)] != sg} 36gf jf kIfsf] l;\uf] syfgs
glnO{ nf]shLjgsf ;vbMv, fli6o d]nfkj{ jf sg} Ct s fnLg ;Gbe{ n fO{ cF u fn] Lltlj
hcg ; f hg;fwf0fdf v]lng] jf b]vfOg] clego . @= nf]sg[To . nf]slgGbf gf) [;+)] nf]
ssf] lgGbf nf]sfkjfb . nf]sg[To gf) [;+)] nf]shLjgdf k|rlnt ;f+:s[lts kDkf tyf klkf6L
cg;fsf] gfr nf]sgfr (h:t} 3f6gfr, wfggfr, df?gLgfr O)) . nf]sGt gf) [;+) nf]sg] lj
jfxkl5 k|foM bnfg gkmsf{pGh]n ;Fu} xg] jf ;;fsf nflu a]xnLsf ;fy hfg] sfd . > n
f]sGtL gf) != a]xnLsf ;fy hfg] :qL ;fyL a]xnLsL ;;f] . @= lnDa"hfltsf laxfdf bn
xfltaf6 hfg] hGtL cfOdfO{ bnxLltaf6 bnxLsf ;fy nfu] cfpg] cfOdfO{ . nf]s kDkf gf)
+)] nf]sdf klxn]b]lv rlncfPsf] jf dflgPsf] Lltljfh nf]sk|yf . nf]skjfb gf) [;+) nf]s
fkjfb] nf]slgGbf nf]sfkjfb xNnf . nf]skfn gf) [;+)] != lbSkfn . @= fhf g[k . nf]skfns
gf) [;+)] nf]ssf] kfngf ug]{ k?if fhf . nf]s k|l;4 lj) [;+)] hg;dfhdf gfpF sxlnPsf
] ;+;fk|l;4

nf]sl;4nf]8g dgf]efjgfnfO{ JoQm ug]{ ;; efj ;n efiff ePsf], ljleGg rf8kj{ tyf dgf]~h
gsf ;dodf k|;\ufgsn ufOg], ;gfOg] jf b]vfOg] nf]sJojxfdf k|rlnt ljleGg nf]suLt, n
f]ssyf, nf]sg[To cflbn] oSt ;flxTo nf]sjftf{ . ~ k:sf gf) lj) ;+) @)#@ ;fndf :yfkg
f ePsf], k|To]s jif{ nf]s;flxTo;DaGwL ljleGg ljwfut tyf cg;GwfgfTds u|Gydf ;fem
f k|sfzgff k|bfg ulg] Ps k:sf . nf]sl;4 lj) [;+)] != hg;dfhdf lqmoflGjt jf k|rlnt .
= nf]shLjgaf6 :jLs[t . nf]s ;]js gf) [;+)] != ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] ;]jf ug]{ jf ;fj{h
lgs lxtsf] sfd ug]{ JolQm hg;]js . @= To:tf] sfddf lgoSt ;sfL sd{rfL . nf]s ;]jf gf)
[;+)] != hg;fwf0fsf] lxtdf ulg] ljz]if sfo{ ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] ;]jf . @= ;sfL ;]jf jf
gf]sL . ~ cfof]u gf) lghfdtLtkm{ lgwf{lt ;sfL kbdf gofF lgo l Qm jf a9 j f cflb x
g sf lglDt cfj] b g lbg] pDd]bjfxsf] of]Uotf hfFrL 5fGg], cgdf]bg ug]{ g]kfn ;sfnfO
{ tT;DaGwL kfdz{ lbg] Ps ;+j}wflgs c\u (klAns ;le{; sld;g) . nf]s xTof gf) [;+)] nf
]snfO{ dfg]{ jf lgdf]7g \ ] sfd hfltxTof . nf]slxt gf) [;+)] ;fj{hlgs lxt hgsNof0f n
f]ssf] enfO . sfL lj) nf]ssf] lxt jf enfO ug]{ nf]snfO{ nfe xg] sfd ug]{ . ~ sfo{ g
f) ;fj{hlgs lxtsf] sfd hg;fwf0fsf lglDtsf] sNof0fsfL sfo{ . nf]sfrf gf) [;+)] != hg;f
wf0fsf aLr xg] ;fdflhs ;DaGw tyf ;b\efjk"0f{ k|rlnt Jojxf . @= cf8Dan] elPsf] sfdsf]
]vf}jf Jojxf jf 9fFrf . nf]sfGt gf) [;+)] d]kl5 hLj nfg] slNkt nf]s knf]s . > nf]sfGt
lj) knf]s ePsf] d]sf] d[t . nf]sfkjfb gf) [;+)] blgofFdf ePsf] abgfdL nf]slgGbf . nf
sfef gf) [;+)] != ufpF3df }tLn] tfnsbf, yL, dlvof cflb f]Hg] sfd . @= hgk|ltlglwx
gfO jf f]hfO . nf]sfot gf) [;+)] != o; nf]ssf cltlSt csf]{ nf]s jf knf]s 5 eGg] ljZj
f; gug]{ JolQm . @= rfjf{sbz{g . nf]sfotg gf) [;+)] != nf]sljZjf; gdfGg] JolQm gfl
:ts . @= rfjf{s . nf]sfnf]s gf) [;+)] kf0fdf atfOPcg;f ;ft} ;db|nfO{ 3]] x]sf] Ps
j{t>]0fL . nf]sf]lSt gf) [;+)] nf]ssf] cgejdf ;FuflnPsf], ;\If]kdf JoQm ePsf] uxl
snf] tyf rdTsfk"0f{ jfSo cfxfg pvfg . nf]sf]Q lj) [;+)] ;+;f jf ;f+;fls j:taf6 kfOg
Sg]
1122

cnf}lss c;fwf0f . nf]sf]ksf gf) [;+)] ;j{;fwf0f hgtfsf] pksf jf ;fj{hlgs enfO xg] sf
. > nf]sf]ksfL lj) nf]ssf] pksf jf enfO ug]{ . nf]vs] { gf) [;+) j[Ifr > k|f) Svc s
mKkfsf f}F tyf nfdf] kR5 ePsf], 6fpsf]b]lv kR5;Dd bO{ sfnf ]vf xg], k|foM vd} uF
agfP a:g], d;fsf hftsf] ;fx|} rnan] k|f0fL . nf]us ] f uDaf gf) [ef]) a)] g]kf
nsf] d:tf lhNnfdf x]sf], snfTdstfn] ;;lHht Ps uDaf . nf]Ug] gf) [;+) nUg] :jf:gL
dflg;n] j0f u]sf] k?if klt kf]O . ~ 5f]f] gf) nf]Ug]dfG5]sf] dxj hgfpFbf k|of]u xg
Ab db{ JolQm . ~ dflg;dfG5] gf) efn] hftsf] dflg; g . :jf:gL gf) nf]Ug] :jf:gL k
DktL hf]O{kf]O . nf]rg gf) [;+)] != cfFvf g]q gog . @= x]g]{ sfd . ~ kydfu{ gf) b[li6
f kg]{ If]q b[li6ky . nf]rgf gf) [;+)] != af}4 wd{sf cg;f k~rtffdWo] Ps . @= cIff]E
osL kTgLsf] gfd zlQm . #= jh|kfl0fsL dftf cfdf . nf]6\g c) lqm) [;+) nf]7 g] != vf
lylP, 9ndnfP cflb sf0fn] hldgdf n8\g k5flg v:g 9Ng . > nf]6g gf) != nf]6g \ ]
] lqmofk|lqmof . @= w]} sjn ePsf] 9f]sfdf jfkf c8fpg] tnsf] sf7 l9s . nf]6kf]6 gf) n
k  6   ug]{ jf n8La8L v]Ng] sfd 9nLdnL . nf]6 gf) [c\) gf]6] sfuhL db|f gf]6 . n
f]6f gf) x]) nf]xf]6f . nf]6fO gf) [ nf]6\nf]6fp ( cfO)] != nf]6\g] efj, lqmof jf k|lq
mof . @= nf]6fpg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof . [ > ] nf]6fOg s) lqm) != nf]6fpg] sfd
ulg n8fOg . @= kf]tfOg . kf]tfO gf) nf]6fpg] kf]Tg] sfd . kf]tL gf) nf]6fOkf]t
. nf]6fpg ;) lqm) [;+) nf]6g cfp g] != uf]a cflbsf] 8Nnf] u8fP vfPsf 7fpFsf] h7f],
kmf]xf] cflb ;kmf ug{ glnK;Lsg n6k6fP rf]Vofpg . k|) ] lqm) @= nf]6g \ ] kfg{ n8
fpg k5fg{ . nf]l6g c) lqm) [nf]6\ O g] != nf]6\g] sfd ulg nl8g . [nf]6fp O g] !=
fpg] sfd ulg . @= nf]6fO xg jf kUg . nf]6L gf) nf]xf]6L . nf]8 gf) [ef]) a)] k
};f xfn] sDddf afFWg] 5fnfsf] k]6L . nf]8g gf) [;+)] != x8 F Ng] jf dYg] sfd . @=
xNng] sfd

1123

nf]8;]l8nf]efgLkfkfgL 7fpFdf xg] v nf]w| . nf]k gf) [;+)] != xfpg] jf gb]lvg] l:ylt
k ufoa ud . @= gfl;g] sfd sdL Ifo . #= Jofs0fsf lgodfg;f zAbsf sg} cIfsf] cNkfO
k . ~ lrXg gf) n]vfOsf l;nl;nfdf zAb jf jfSo 56\tf yKg k|of]u ulg] lrXg () sfuv'] .
> nf]kf~hg gf) cfgf cfFvfdf nfPkl5 cn] cfk"mnfO{ gb]Vg] elgg], Ps k|sfsf] slNkt c~hg
. nf]kf\g' ;) lqm) [nf]Kkf cf\ g'] != s;}nfO{ nf]Kkf v'jfpg' nf]Ko|fpg' lx::ofpg' .
Kg' jf 3:g' lnK;g' . > nf]kffO gf) nf]kfg]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . nf]kflg' s) lqm) nf]kf
g]{ sfd ulg' nf]Kkf v'jfOg' . nf]kf] gf) klxnf] k6s sg} gofF 7fpFdf hfg] JolQm . nf]K
kf gf) [;+) nkg] s]x l;;d]t kf]Vt} gflk;\ eGg] efj hgfpFbf lgGbfsf] kdf s;}sf] d'v
f]kfg]{, xftsf] cw{rGb|fsf d'bf | To; d'v nf]kfg]{ sfd nf]7 . > nf]lKkg' c) lqm) nf
]Kkf vfOg] x'g' nf]kflg' . nf]kf | nf]k | gf) [nf]k|f] nf]k|f]] ;fgfltgf w]} nf]k|f
jf kfk|fsf] ;d"x . nf]lk|g'! c) lqm) [nf]k|f] O g'] nf]k|f] aGg' kfk|f] hDg' . nf]lk|g'
c) lqm) [nf]k|] O g'] != nf]k]| cj:yfdf k'Ug' n'qS ' s kg'{ lgdf]l7g' lgv'lQg' . @= nf]
Kkf vfg' nf]Ko|fOdfUg' . #= sg} sf]af6 lgfz x'g' lxl:;g' . nf]k ]| lj) [nf]k|f] P] !
fn] n'q'Ss k]sf] 3f]lK6Psf] nf]a|] . @= nf]k|f] ag]sf] kfk|f] hd]sf] . ~ sfg gf) lxl:
;g] jf n'qS ' s kg]{ cj:yf . ~ xft gf) pN6f] xft (h:t} nf]k|] xft nfOlbg' cyf{t\ d
fu] kfOFb}g elglbg' .) nf]kf | ] gf) [;+) nkg] != 5fnf cflbsf] kftnf] tx jf kq kfk|
f] . @= ksfPsf v';f{gsf] 6'qmf] . #= ;Ns]sf u'OF7fsf] rf]O6f] . nf]Ko|fO gf) [ nf
]lk| ( ofO)] != nf]lk|g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . [nf]Ko|fp cfO] @= nf]Ko|fpg] lqmof jf k|
lqmof . [ > ] nf]Ko|fOg' s) lqm) != nf]k|f] kflg' . @= lgfz agfOg' . nf]Ko|fpg' k|])
lqm) != nf]k|f] kfg'{ . @= lgfz t'Nofpg' lx::ofpg' . ;) lqm) #= tftf] kfg nfpg' g
fKg' . (pbf) slt g sfd u5'{ eg] cl3 ;]sf] xf]Og < s] nf]Ko|fO;\ t v} ) nf]km lj) [c\
!= 3af, OHhtcfa?, nfh;d s]xsf] klg jf:tf gePsf] emNnf] . @= dgnfUb 3'Dg] af]Ng] 5f
f abdf; . nf]e gf) [;+)] != csf] wgdfn cflb kfpg] cfzf nfn;f nfnr . @= dSvr'; x'g] t
fn sGh'; . ~ nfnrf gf) nf]e nfnrf ;fx|} nf]e . > nf]ego lj) nf]Eofpg] vfnsf] nf]en
Ubf] lrQfsif{s . nf]efgkfkfg gf) [nf]e cfg
kfk cfg] cg'lrt kn]

e'mnfO . nf]8;]l8 gf) [c\)] ljz]if kll:yltdf ljB't\ cfk"lt{df ulg] s6f}t . nf]l8t lj
[;+)] != x'F8lnPsf] jf dlyPsf] . @= xNnfOPsf] e'mnfOPsf] . nf]t! gf)x]) nf]tf] .
nf]t@ gf) [ nf]y] != Ps k|sfsf] jg:kltljz]if . @= af]qmf] 5fnf . (pbf) gfd|f] sfd ug]
sf] nf]t sfl9G5 .) #= nf]y . nf]tf gf) [nf]tf] cf] h'Qf, Aofu, oGq cflbsf k'n rSsfxd
f nufOg] 5fnf jf sk8fsf] lkmQf k6f . nf]ltg' c) lqm) [nf]tf] O g'] != sfd ulb{gF klg eG
g;Sg], ulxfNg klg g;Sg] x'g' nf]t] jf nf]stf] aGg' cN;fpg' . @= sg} sfsf] cfzfn] 9'S
' . nf]t gf) [;+) nt\] sfgsf] k'5fdf e'mlG8Psf] gd cjoj . v] lj) != s]x klg ug{ g;
g] . @= sfg vfg] . nf]t ] lj) [nf]tf] P] != nf]tf] :jefjsf] nf]stf] . :q) nf]t . g
f) @= hlt tfGof] plt tGsg] a8 . nf]tf] lj) != cf dsf{pg] cN5 dfGg] jf hfFu d]sf] . @
sfdsfhdf l9nf rfnsf] . #= hlt x6fP klg gx6\g] lw\Gofxf . gf) $= ?lkofFk};f xfn] d'
v afFWg] 5fnfsf] y}nf] nf]t . > nf]TofO gf) nf]tf] rfn nf]t]kg . (pbf) ltd|f] nf]TofO
F b]Vtf d tLg 5s k]sf] 5' .) nf]TofO gf) nf]ltg] jf nf]Tofpg] lqmofk|lqmof . nf]To
fOg' s) lqm) nf]tf] t'NofOg' . nf]Tofpg' k|]) lqm) nf]tf] jf h'D;f] t'Nofpg' . nf]
lqg' c) lqm) [ nlqg'] != n'q] jf n't] rfnsf] x'g' n'q'Ss kg'{ lgwf]{ x'g' . @= sg} j:
' nqSs eP emf]lng' jf e'mlG8g' . > nf]q ] lj) nf]qg] :jefjsf] nf]t] n't] . nf]ofO gf)
nf]lqg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . nf]ofOg' s) lqm) nf]lqg] kflg' . nf]ofpg' k|]) lqm) nf]lqg
] kfg'{ . nf]of:; lqm) lj) nvtfg x'g] lsl;dn] nf]lqg] jf nlqg] rfn;Fu . nf]y gf) [;+)
Zny] != zfLls jf dfgl;s kdf a9L kl>d ubf{ x'g] lynlyNofO rNgr6k6fpg g;Sg] l:ylt . @=
d[t zL nf; . nf]y ]| lj) [nf]y|f]P] nf]y|f] rfnsf] . nf]yf | ] gf) [ nfy|f] ] sfFrf]
7sf] nf7f] nfy|f] . nf]b lj) != afSnf] jf e'Q] rfnsf] xnrn slQ gug]{ . @= nlR5g gePs
f] cnlR5gL . nf]bf] gf) zLsf ljleGg c
\usf] ynyn] df;' n'Fbf] . nf]w gf) [;+) nf]w] |
q w;f{w;f{ ePsf] aflx kftnf lknlkn] l8Dafsf kft x'g], ;]tfkl5 kx]Fnf af:gfbf k"mn k
'mNg], clg ;fgf nfDrf kmn nfUg], Ps hftsf], 7G8f

nf]leg'nf]xf csf] wgdfn x8Kg] l;Q}Fdf cnfO{ b'Mv lbg] sfd nf]e nfnrn] x'g] cwd{ l
e kfk . nf]leg' c) lqm) [nf]e O g'] != nf]e jf nfnrdf kg'{ . @= cf;St x'g' nxl;g' of
\g' . nf]let lj) [;+)] nf]lePsf] nf]edf k]sf] n'Aw . nf]e lj) [;+)] != nf]e ug]{ nfn
 . @= r'OofF tfnsf] sGh'; . nf]EofO gf) [ nf]le ( ofO)] nf]leg] tyf nf]Eofpg] lqmof k
|lqmof . [ > ] nf]EofOg' s) lqm) nf]edf kflg' . nf]Eofpg' k|) ] lqm) != s;}nfO{ nf]
edf kfg'{ jf nfnr b]vfpg' . @= cfk"mlt nx:ofpg' cf;St kfg'{ . nf]d gf) [;+)] != f]d f
F . @= k'R5 . s"k gf) f}Fsf] km]bdf x'g] vfN6f] jf Kjfn f]dsk . nf]dz lj) [;+)] !=
kofkt f}F ePsf] . gf) @= k'f0fsf cg';f cd dflgPsf dxfeftsf cg';f o'lwli7sf ;fy t
ug]{ Ps Clif . #= e]8f] . $= :ofn . nf]dxif{ gf) [;+)] f]df~r f]dxif{ . > nf]dxif{s
lj) f]df~r ufpg] f]dfl~rt kfg]{ . nf]dxif{0f gf) != f]df~r k'ns . @= Jof;sf Ps lzios
gfd . nf]d't] gf) [lx) nx' d't] ] lk;fadf ut ldl;P cfpg] f]u nf]xf]d't] . nf]d] lj) r
l;t sfddf cl3 g;g]{ nf];f] h'D;f] . nf]f gf) nd nfFk' . nf] gf) [lx)] gfgnfO{ ;'
cfdfn] ufpg] ut jf To;sf] no . nf]s]{ gf) l;fPsf] lgx'F kf k|foM k|]ldsfn] k|]dn
fO{ eGg] zAb 5fn] . nf]n lj) [;+)] != xlNnPsf] sfFKbf] . @= l:y gePsf] r~rn . #= rf}r
f} nfUg] . ~ dlt gf) xf] ls xf]Ogsf] cj:yf ;+zofTdf . nf]nf gf) k'fgf] ;dodf rn]sf] s
fgdf nfpg] uxgfljz]if . nf]nf gf) [;+) nf]n] != df]6fP jf cGo sg} sf0fn] zdf p7\g] d
;'sf] n'Fbf] jf 8Nnf] . @= kmfu' v]Nbf cla, 3f]n]sf] kfg cflb e] xflgg] /a/sf] ;fgf
] kf]sf] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] v]nf}gf . nf]nfO gf) [ nf]nfp ( cfO)] nf]nfpg] sfd jf lsl;d
. [ > ] nf]nfOg' c) lqm) lgb|f jf c sg} sf0fn] cfFvf nlg' nf]nfOdf klg' . nf]nfpg'
) [nf]n cfp g'] != tGb|f, dft, sfdf;lSt cflbn] cfFvf lgbfPem}F eO{ nlg' clncln lgbfpg
nfUg' emsfpg' . @= nf]n x'g' . nf]nflIfsfnf]nfIf gf) [;+)] r~rn cfFvf ePs :q .
1124

nf]lnt lj) [;+)] nf]n ePsf] nf]nfPsf] . nf]lng' c) lqm) [nf]n O g'] tGb|fu|:t x'g' nf]n
pg' . nf]n gf) [;+) nf]n] != csf af]ndf ;x yfKg] jf ;' ldnfpg] sfd . @= c;Fu efsf
jf no ldnfP ufpg]af]Ng] sfd . nf gf) afv|fnfO{ 8fStf eGg] zAb . nf]n'k lj) [;+)] n
f]e ug]{ nfnr n'Aw xg] (h:tf] cy{nf]n'k, sfdnf]n'k cflb) . tf gf) nf]n'k x'gfsf] ef
jf cj:yf nf]ekg . nf]nf] lj) [ nf]nf] != cfF;'n] elPsf] jf Psf]xf]f] x]g]{ (cfFvf)
Nofsn'ns ' ePsf] . gf) @= zdf p7]sf] df;'sf] 8Nnf] n'b F f] nf]nf . #= cfufsf] Hjfn
f bklzvf . $= kf]tf]sf] k"s zAb . kf]tf] gf) aflx Jojxfdf dfq cfTdotf jf ldqtf b]
fO{ sfn] l7Ss kfg]{ sfd kmsfpg] rfn jf sf] lrKnf]3;fO rf]rf]df]rf] . nf];g gf) [c\
] != 3fpvl6f ;kmf ug{ nufOg] dndh:tf] cf}ifw . @= 5fnf ;'Svf x'Fbf g/d kfg{ nufO
g] dnxdljz]if . nf];f gf) [ef])a) Nxf];f/] x]) Nxf];f/ . nf]l;g' c) lqm) [nf];f] O g']
f];] x'g' h'D;f] aGg' . nf]; ] lj) [nf];f] P] nf];f] :jefjsf] nf];f] . nf];f] lj) [kmf
) nf];] != l9nf] rfnsf] jf ;':tl;t sfd ug]{ h'D;f] . @= hlt kG5fP klg gkG5] a:g] w
gf{ sl;xg] . nf]:6f] gf) [;+) nf]i6] tftf efF8fsF8f ;dfpg] vf]:d]f] sfut cflbsf] 6'qm
f] . nf]:ofO gf) [ nf]l; ( ofO)] nf]l;g] sfd jf lsl;d . [ > ] nf]:ofOg' s) lqm) nf]l;
g] kflg' . nf]:ofpg' k|) ] lqm) nf]l;g] kfg'{ nf];f] t'Nofpg' . nf]:of\uf | ] lj) c;f
Wo} nf];f] h'D;f] . nf]x gf) [;+)] != kmnfd nf]xf . @= tfdf cflb h'g;'s} wft' . #= f
tf] ut . lj) $= tfdfsf sf] ftf] ftf] nfn . sd{ gf) 9'\uf sf6\g] sFb\g] s
f) kmnfdsf] sfd ug]{ sflnu8 nf]xf sfd sf} . lsn gf) b'O{ b]zsf ardf ;fFwl;dfgf 5'
fl8g] 9'\uf] lg;fg9'\uf] ;fFw]9'\uf] nf]Flsn . kfz gf) kmnfdsf] l;qm jf ;f\nf]
Gh . ;f gf) pDbf vfnsf] kmnfd O:kft . nf]x;] gf) != jgh\un kmfF8 ] vf]lof vGg 7s
t 7'6f7f6 pv]Ng afFs x]sf] afFemf] hUuf . @= skf;, 3}of cflb 5g{ kmfFl8g] h\un vf
]lof . nf]xf gf) [;+) nf]x] != kmnfd nf]x nf}x . @= nf]xe:d . nf]xf8 gf) [nf]xf c8] xf
sf] kl5lNt e'mG8fOg] k5'jfn] k'fdf lk6\g] kmnfdsf snf 7f]lsPsf] sf7sf] d'\u|f] . n
f]xf gf) [;+) nf]xsf] kmnfdsf] sfd ug]{ JolSt jf

1125

nf]lxtNofst j}lbssfneGbf kl5 rn]sf] ;+:s[t efiff . nf}s gf) [nf}sf] O{] != ;fgf] nf
}sf] . @= nf}sf nf}sf] . nf}sf] gf) [;+) nfj's] nf}sf nf}s . nf}vf lj) af]) [nf} vf]
!= la;]{sf] sf] ;Dem] k5'tf] hgfOg] zAb Hof . (pbf) nf}vf afsf tsf t ufO{n] e';
5 . nf}vf emf]nf t a;d} kf] 5'6]5) . @= s;}nfO{ xKsfpFbf jf v'lRr dfbf{ k|of]u x'
g] zAb (pbf) nf}vf afsf] tsf t ufO{n] e';'Ss} kf]5 . nf}vf aNn tFnfO{ 7s ef]) n
lgkf) [nf} t] cfF6, dGh', vKs cflb hgfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) nf}t, cfh}b]lv k
9\g yfn . nf}t dnfO{ 5f] dfq, t]f a\uff emf5'{) . nf}g lj) af]) [nf} g] s;}nfO{ sg} sf
ug{ufpg jf klcfPsf] cfkb\ 6fg{sf nflu u'xfbf{ elgg] zAb . (pbf) nf}g, laGt eG5' Ps
v]k ;x;Dd uOlbgf];\ . nf}g, ToxfF t ;k{ cfof] ) . ~ lg lj) af]) cem cflQP u'xflg] zA
b . (pbf) nf}g lg ToxfFsf] dfd'u \  | d x]g{ ;lStgF . nf}g lg afa' eofaf6 n8f]
) [nf}f] O{] ;fgf] nf}f] nx' . ~ k~h lj) nf}lk~h . ~ lk~h lj) ;fx|} b'Anf] xNn
f) cfk'm;df nf}f] h'wfpg] 6fpsf] 5n] nf}fn] g} 5]s v]lng] afnv]n . ~ n\ug lj) nf}
]s lxF8\g} g;Sg] c;fWo} b'Anf] nf}lk~h . nf}f] gf) [ nx'f]] xftn] ;dfO{ 6]s] lxF
6]gsf] xfFuf] jf n\u'f] afF;, a]t cflbsf] 3f]rf] nx'f] . nf}nf} lgkf) [nf} nf}] sg}
| ] 0ff, ;dy{g, :js[lt, cfZro{, cft' cflb hgfpFbf k|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) nf}nf},
of] sfd ulxfNgf];\ . s] ug'{ nf}nf}, dxFun] t dfof]) nf}; gf) x]) nK; . nf}x gf)
[;+)] != kmnfd nf]xf . lj) @= kmnfd, tfdf cflb wft'n] ag]sf] kmnfd;DaGw . #= ftf] n
fn . sf gf) nf]xf . e:d gf) nf]xf e:d u] agfOPsf] cfo'j]{bo cf}ifwljz]if . ~ o'
dflg;n] ;j{ky | d kmnfd] xltof agfpg yfn]sf] P]ltxfl;s ;dofjlw . NojfO gf) [Nofp jfO
] Nofpg] lqmof jf k|lqmof . NofOg' s) lqm) [Nofp O g'] lnP cfOg' . NofOtfNofOt] lj) [N
ft]] ljlwljwfgk"js { ljjfx gu To;} NofOPs (:q) vf}6 leq]g . Nofpg' ;) lqm) [ln
!= sg} wgdfn, sf, dflg; cflb lnP cfpg' . @= sdfO, cfdbfg cflb leq x'Ng' . #= :jf:g
 leofpg' . Nofst gf) [c) lnofst] x]) Nofut . ~ hfr gf) NofuthfFr . bf lj) Nofutbf
NofstL lj) NofutL .

hflt sfdL sf} . > nf]xfgL{ gf) != nf]xfsf] sfd ug]{ :qL :qL nf]xf . @= nf]xfsL kTgL
lxt lj) [;+)] != tfdfaf6 ag]sf] . @= ftf]ftf] sf] nfn . gf) #= d\unu|x . $= QmrGbg
f] . > nf]lxtf\u gf) d\unu|x . nf]lxtfZj gf) clUg cfuf] . nf]lxof gf) pmgaf6 a'lgg
k|sf/sf] cf]9g \ ] j:q . nf]x; ] ] gf) tf]sf] tg kN6 k]lnPsf] lkgf . nf]xf] gf)
[;+) nf]xf] ut . @= df5fsf] lkQ . nf]xf]6f gf) [;+) n'07] kfg ;flg] jf xflng], wft
'af6 ag]sf] 8Nnf] cfsfsf] k|l;4 efF8f] nf]6f . > nf]xf]6 gf) ;fgf] nf]xf]6f nf]6 .
nf]xf]d't] gf) [ nf]xf] d"t P] x]) nf]d't] . nf]xf] gf) [nf]xf] O{] != ;fgf] nf]xf]
cfuf] k'mSg] afF; cflbsf] 9'\u|f] . nf]xf]] lj) [nf]xf]f] P] nf]xf]f]h:tf] nf]xf]f]
sfsf] . ~ cfk gf) nf]xf]f]h:tf] b]lvg] Ps hftsf] cfFk . nf]xf]f] gf) [;+) nf]x] l;nf}
fdf d;nf cflb lkFWg k|of]u ulg], kmnfd jf 9'
\ufsf] nfDrf] uf]nf] pks0f l;nf}6fsf] aQ
f . nf]xf];] gf) k|foM afngdf cfk"m gaf]nLsg d8flP dfq} clego k|blz{t uL bz{sxnfO{ xF
;fpg] kfq jf xf:osf ljb"ifs . nf} lgkf) :jLs[lt, lj:do, cfZro{, pb]s cflb hgfpFbf k
|of]u ulg] zAb . (pbf) nf}, of] sfd d} u5'{ . x'G5 nf}, ltdL hfpm . x], ToxfF s] eP
5 nf} ) nf}7L gf) 3fdkfgLn] ;d]t xtkt gleHg] vf;uL ;fFu' agfpg k|of]u ulg] Ps k|sfsf]
sf7 . nf}8} gf) l9F8f], kfgLf]6L cflb ksfOg] Ps k|sfsf] e'h
' u \ f] n'F8] . nf}sf g
[;+) nf}sf]sf] lt) )] tsfL vfOg], t'Dafsf hftsf] nfdf] 8f]nf] nx] kmn . nf}sf6 gf) [
) d")] sv'fsf hftsf], WjfF;] e'O{Fdf ;]tf 6Lsf6Lsf k]sf KjfFv x'g,] sfpFbf nf}sf6nf}s
6 eg]h:tf] ;'lgg] Ps rf] lugkmf] . nf}sf7 gf) cufl8kl xlof lrNnf tyf k5fl8kl v}
t x'g], kx]Fnf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] v jf cldNRofxf u'lnof] :jfb x'g], leq ;fx|f]
laofF ePsf], kx]Fnf] sf] To;}sf] kmn . nf}lss lj) [;+)] != nf]sl;t ;DalGwt o; nf]ss
f] ;f+;fls . @= nf]sJojxf;'xfpFbf] Jofjxfls . ~ ljjfx gf) j}lbs jf wfld{s ljlwcg';f
{ jjw" :jo+ ;+nUg eP j}wflgs kdf ulg] cfw'lgs lax] . ~ ;+:s[t gf) j}lbs ;+:s[tdf x]sf
ljljw knfO{ lgolGqt ulPsf] ;+:s[t efiff

NofutNxf];f Nofut gf) [ Nofst] pko'St jf of]Uo x'g] l:ylt of]Uotf nfoskg . hfr gf
hfFRg] sfd of]UotfkLIff (6]:6) . bf lj) Nofut ePsf] NofutL nfos of]Uo . > NofutL
fut k'u]sf] Nofutbf . Nof
of
gf) != a]9sf] njfO 5Gb g aGbsf] klx/g . @= Joj:yf gldn]
fdsfjfO{ . Nof
Nof
lqm) lj) [c) d") Nof
\c (l))] != sg} 3, sf]7f] cflb ;fx|} 7"nf]
g] uL . @= xNng] jf xNnfpg] rfnn] . > Nof
Nof
tLNof
Nof
L lqm) lj) cem} a9L Nof
Nof
eP
gf) [c
\)] O6fnL b]zdf k|rlnt k|frLg efiff . NofQ lqm) lj) [c) d") Noft\t] lunf] jf
n];fOnf] kbfy{ r'lxg] jf n];flg] rfnl;t . NofG8f]e gf) [c
\)] 7"nf] vfnsf] alnof] lhk
uf8L . NofkNofk lqm) lj) [l) Nofk\c (l))] sg} tn vfg]s f] cflb lhe|fn] rf6\g] jf r
g] rfn;Fu . > NofkNofktL NofkNofkL lqm) lj) cem qmlds kn] NofkNofk uL . NofKr] gf) [c
) d") Nofk\r]] cf}F7fdf 5fkd;L bn] z
\vrqmsf] ]vf k|:6 b]lvg] uL ulg] ;xL5fk cf}7 F f
. NofKk lqm) lj) [c) d") Nofk\k] != sg} j:t'df n]bf] kbfy{ nfUg] jf n]l;g] u] . @= n
];fOnf] vfg]s/f] Ps} v]kdf rf6\g] u/L . NofkmNofkm lqm) lj) [c) d") Nofkm\c (l))] !=
kfgLn] leh]sf n'ufkmf6f] cflb xNng] jf xNnFbf zAb cfpg] u/L . > NofkmNofkmtLNofk
mNofkmL lqm) lj) cem NofkmNofkm eP . Nof;Nof; lqm) lj) [c) d") Nof;\c (l))] n];fOnf]
kbfy{ afa 6fFl;g] jf n]l;g] uL . > Nof;Nof;tLNof;Nof;L lqm) lj) cem l56f] Nof;Nof; eP
. Nof;] lj) [g]jf)] t?gL l76L . ~ d}h" gf) t?gL g]jfgL{ . No" gf) [ lnp] rf}FLsf] pmg
f6 agfOPsf] f8L . Njfu gf) [;+) nj
\u] x]) Njf
. > Njfu ] lj) != sfdsf ug]{ ;Lk jf
f] . @= e2f hLpsf] a]sDdf (dflg;) . NjfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") Njfs\s] w]} j:t' vf; uL ?
lkofFk; } f Ps} v]k lbg] jf kfpg] uL . jfSs lqm)
1126

lj) otfplt uL jf 6fSs6'Ss ldnfP 5\jfojfo . Njf gf) [ NjfFu] dl;gf kft x'g] Ps hftsf
6 To;}sf] d;nfsf lglDt k|l;4 ;;fgf] ;'uGw k"mn . ~ lsnf] gf) Njfsf] k"mnh:tf] 5Qf
bf ;fgf] kmnfd] snf] . ~ k'mn gf) != sfgdf nufOg] Njfsf cfsfsf] k"mn . @= Ps hftsf
] nx/fdf k'mNg] Njfsf cfsf/sf] ;fgf] ftf] k"mn . > Njf] gf) NjfFu] . NjftNjft lqm) lj
) [c) d") Njft\ c (l))] g6'6fO{ yf]yf]} k:g]lg:sg] u . > NjftNjft lqm) lj) cem} N
ft eP NjftNjft . NjfQ lqm) lj) [c) d") Njft\ t] sg} sdnf] j:t'df nfdf] sf] Ps} rf]l6
] jf lg:sg] u] NjfDd . NjfkNjfk lqm) lj) [c) d") Njfk\ c (l))] yf]yf]} t qmd g6'6fO
jf rf6\g] u . > NjfkNjfktNjfkNjfk lqm) lj) cem} a]; NjfkNjfk eP . NjfdNjfd lqm)
lj) [Njfd\ c (l))] clncln qmd g6'6fO{ k:g] jf ufl8g] u . > NjfdNjfdtNjfdNjfd lqm)
j) cem} NjfdNjfd x'g] u . NjfDd lqm) lj) [c) d") Njfd\ d] sdnf] jf gd 7fpFdf sg} nfdf
] sf] Ps} rf]l6 k:g] jf ufl8g] u :jfDd . Njf;Njf; lqm) lj) [Njf;\ c (l))] != gd lun
fy{ qmd g6'6fO{ yf]yf]} 6fFl;g] u . @= NjfdNjfd . > Njf;Njf;tNjf;Njf; lqm) lj) ce
} Njf;Njf; eP . Njf:; lqm) lj) [c) d") Njf;\ ;] gd jf lunf] kbfy{ tj| z3| kdf 6fF:g
ufpg] u . Nxfkm]jf gf) [y)] ysfn hfltn] ltAat kfqf]cg';f k|To]s afx| jif{df cfpg
] afFb jif{ kf] sflt{s dlxgfdf dgfpg] snb]jtfsf] k"hf, h'n; ' wfld{s u|Gysf] kf7;lx
] afx|jif]{ hfqf jf pT;j . Nxfd gf) lxdfn e]udf cfOdfO{n] hf8f]df nufpg] n'ufljz
]if . Nxf];f gf) [ef]) a)] != dxfofg af}4 wdf{anDaxsf] gofFjif{sf] klxnf] lbg . @
= ;f] lbgdf dgfpg] kj{ . #= d~h'> Hof]ltif kDkfcg';f clUg j[ifedf dflgg] @*## jif{
cl3b]lv dflgPsf] ;+jt\ .

1127
jjrg

j
s07f]i7 3f]if, cNkk|f0f, cw{:j Jo~hg tnyf]Kn j . j+z gf) [;+)] != afF; . @= 9f8sf] x
f8 d]?b08 . #= gfssf] 8fF8 . $= kljf sn vns vfgbfg . %= ;Gtlt ;Gtfg nxf] . ~ sk"
nf]rg . w gf) != j+znfO{ hf]ufOfVg] k'?if snsf] Iff ug]{ k'?if j+zsf] Ifs . @= ;G
kDkf gf) sg} j+zsf] cIf'00f kdf rNb} cfPsf] kDkf jf qmd . ~ nf]rg gf) kf]y afF;sf
df hDg] cf}ifwsf kdf k|of]u x'g] lrgh:tf] kbfy{ . (d]3 uh{g] cj:yfdf :jft gIf
q k]sf a]nf afF;leq kfg hd]kl5 j+znf]rg aG5 eGg] nf]sljZjf; 5) . ~ j[If gf) != sg}
j+zsf d"n k'?ifb]lv lnP To; j+zsf jt{dfg sfn;Ddsf dflg;xsf] zfvf;Gtltsf] qmd n]lv
Psf] tflnsf . @= afF;sf] af]6 . :y gf) k|To]s r0fdf afx| cIf x'g], hu0f, tu0f, hu0f
u0fn] Ps kfp aGg] kfFr cIfdf olt x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . > j+zfut lj) j+zdf kDkfsf
rn] cfPsf] j+zkDkfaf6 k|fKt . j+zf0f' gf) j+zfg'ut u'0fx ;fg]{ clt ;"Id j:t' hjdf j
g'ut kdf xg] c0f' . j+zfg'qmd gf) j+zkDkf . j+zfjn gf) != sg} j+zdf hGd]sf dflg;xs
n k'?ifb]lv jt{dfg sfn;Ddsf zfvf;Gtfgsf] qmdfg';f agfOPsf] gfdsf] tflnsf . @= j+z
sf] j[QfGt k'Vof}n { . j+z gf) [;+)] != afF; '  . @= ut aUg] g;f . #= j+znf]rg .
$= sg} gfd zAbsf] kl5lNt nfu To; j+zdf k}bf ePsf] eGg] cy{ a'emfO{ ljz]if0f aGg]
zAb . (h:t} 3'j+z, zfxj+z cflb) . lj) %= j+z;DaGw j+zsf] j+zo . w gf) != s[i0f
j) @= afF;' lnP lxF8\g] xftdf afF;' lnPsf] . > j+zo lj) != a+l;of . @= sg} gfd zA
] kl5lNt hf]l8g] To; j+zdf k}bf ePsf] eGg] cy{ a'emfO{ ljz]if0f aGg] zAb j+z (h:t
} ;"oj { z + o, rGb|jz + o cflb) . j+zf]be \ j lj) sg} j+zdf k}bf ePsf] sg} sndf hG
]sf] j+zf]TkGg . j+Zo lj) != j+zo . gf) @= j+zsf] JolQm . #= k"j{h k'vf{ . $= ;Gtf
g . jsf gf) [;+)] j cIf cGtM:y ju{sf] rf}yf] j0f{ . jsfnt gf) [c)] != cbfntaf6 lg0f
] d'2fdfldnfdf s;}sf] k|ltlglw eO{ ;flwsf kn] ax; jf k}a ug]{ sfd jlsnsf] sfd . @=
sg} sfdf k|df0f jf tYo;lxt ulg] lhx . gfdf gf) cfgf] k|ltlglw eO{ cbfntdf
j b]jgfu j0f{dfnfsf] pgGt;f},F Jo~hg

d'2fsf] ax; jf k}a ug{ s;}nfO{ lbOg]lnOg] clwsfkq jf dGh'gfdf . jlsn gf) [c) jsn]
!= s;}sf] k|ltlglw eP cbfntdf uO{ jsfnt ug{ clwsf kfPsf] JolQm sfg'gJoj;fo . @= fhb
"t jf fhk|ltlglw . > jlsn gf) jlsnsf] sfd jf Joj;fo . js'n gf) [;+)] x]) asn . jQmJ
o gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifoj:t'sf af]df :ki6tfk"j{s elgPsf] sf] jSt[tf syg . lj) @= eGg
]{ jf eGg plrt sygo . jStf gf) [;+)] != syfk'f0f cflb eGg] JolQm jfrs . @= efif0f l
bg] jf af]Ng] JolQm . lj) #= eGg] jf af]Ng] efif0f lbg] . jSt[tfjSt[Tj gf) [;+)] !=
efif0f ug]{ v'a jf rt'ofOF jfSsf}zn . @= k|jrg efif0f . jqm lj) [;+)] != 6]9f] af\u
] . @= slk|Psf] sk|f] . #= ljkt ultdf rn]sf] (u|x, b[li6 cflb) . ~ ult gf) != 6]9f]
rfn pN6f] jf af\uf] ult . @= d\unu|x . lj) #= pN6f] ult jf lqmofsnfk ePsf] . ufd lj
) 6]9f] rfn rNg] jqmultdf hfg] jf rNg] . tf gf) != jqm x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt af\uf]kg
6]9f]kg . @= a]Odfg . t'08 gf) != u0f]z . @= ;'uf . ~ b[li6 gf) != l; hgfpg] x]fO 6
9f] gh sb[li6 . @= 6]9f] cfFvf] . jqmf]lQm gf) [;+)] != lZni6 zAbff ulg] pkxf; jf Jo
. @= sfJodf sfs jf Zn]ifff leGg cy{ ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n\sf . ~ k|fwfGojfb gf) zAb cy
'jd } f sf] 3'dfP rdTsf b]vfOg'nfO{ sfJosf] cfTdf dfGg] l;4fGt . jfb gf) sfJozf:qsf
frfo{ sGtsff k|ltkflbt plQmj}lro g} sfJosf] cfTdf xf] eg dfGg] Ps sfJol;4fGt . jfb
jqmf]lQmjfbsf] ;dy{s jf cg'ofo . jIf gf) [;+)] 5ft . :yn gf) 5ft jIf . (pbf) ltd|
f] ztn jIf:yndf, of] sljsf] z}zjsfn laTof] l;l4r0f) . > jIff]hjIff]?x gf) sr :tg .
unf gf) [;+)] aunfd'v . d'v b; dxfljBfdWo] Ps . j\u gf [;+)] != skf;sf] l9F8 ?jf]
. @= fwft' . #= a\unfb]z . $= eftdf kg]{ Ps If]q klZrd a\ufn . jrg gf) [;+)] != dflg
d'vaf6 lg:sg] jf pRrlt x'g] sg} klg ;fy{s zAb af]n jf0f egfO syg .

jhgjT;n @= kSsfkSs ulg] sf] sa'n k|lt1f . #= zf:qdf atfOPsf] ljlwljwfg;DaGw sf] j
. $= sg} sfdsf lglDt s;}nfO{ ulg] cf1f cfb]z . %= Jofs0fdf zAbsf kaf6 Ps jf PseGbf w
]} a'emfpg] ljwfg jf To:tf] ;\Vof (h:tf] Psjrg, ax'jrg cflb). ~ kq gf) ;sfn] hgtf;Fu
0f lnP cd's JolQmaf6 olt C0f lnOPsf] 5 To;sf] Aofh o; lx;fan] lbg'k5{ eg n]lvPsf
] kq C0fkq . a4 lj) cfk"mxdf dfq ;ldt sg} sfd ug{ jf gug{ k|lt1f u]sf] jrg lbPsf]
df afFlwPsf] . a4tf gf) jrga4 x'g] efj jf l:ylt jrg lbg] jf sa'ndf afFlwg] sfd . n
fpg' 6') lrQ \ ] jrg gnfpm b'Vg] uL eGg' . (pbf) o;L d'6' 5]8g g .) jhg gf) [c)] != s
} af]emsf] kldf0f jf tf}n j:t'sf] ef ux|'Fuf]kg . @= sg} ljifosf] dxj jf ljz]iftf ux
f]kg . bf lj) jhg ePsf] ux|fF} . @= uxlsnf] dxjk"0f{ . > jhgL lj) jhgbf . jlh gf
!= dGqL cdfTo . @= x]) alh . jh| gf) [;+)] != OGb|sf] d'Vo xltof . @= cf}wL ;fx|f]
j:t' . #= r6f r6\sf] . $= ;'sL{ r"g ldnfP agfOPsf] hd]kl5 ;fx|f] x'g] n]bf] j:t' .
fo gf) != jh|h:tf] b[9 jf alnof] zL . lj) @= To:tf] zL ePsf] . bGtL gf) != df} n l;
Ps lsl;dsf] bGtd~hg . wfTjLZjL gf) != af}4 wd{sf cg';f k~rtffdWo] Ps . @= j}f]rgsL
TgLsf] gfd zlQm . #= ;dGteb|sL dftf jf cfdf . kfl0f gf) != OGb| . @= af}4 wd{df k~
raf]lw;jdWo] Ps . #= cIff]Eo jf nf]rgfsf 5f]fsf] gfd . lj) $= xftdf jh| lng] . kft
gf) != jh| jf r6f kg]{ sfd . @= PSsfl; cfOnfu]sf] sg} ljkb\ . ~ e}j gf) e}jsf] Ps gfd
. dl0f gf) xLf . ofg gf) af}4 wd{sf] Ps tflGqs ;Dk|bfo jf dxfofgsf] Ps zfvf . ofgL
j) jh|ofgdf ljZjf; fVg] jh|ofg ;DaGwL . ~ of]lugL gf) tGqk|l;4 Ps b]jL rf of]lugLdWo]
Ps . n]k gf) != leQf, kvf{n cflbdf nufOg] jh| jf lznfn]v, d"lt{ cflbdf nufOg] s8f
kfln;ljz]if . lj) @= v'a} alnof] kSsf . ~ jffxL gf) tGqk|l;4 Ps jffxL b]jL g]kfnsf r
f jffxLdWo] Ps jffxL . ~ ;j gf) Ps a'4 . ;"rL gf) 6'Kkfdf xLf hl8Psf] jf cGo sg}
f6\g] tLvf] ;'Of] . ~ x[bo lj) s7f] jf ;fx|f] x[bo ePsf] lgb{oL . > jh|frfo{ gf) != a
f}4dfuL{xdf ljz]if ;+:sf u]kl5 k|fKt x'g] Ps pkflw . @= Ps tflGqs af}4 cfrfo{ . jh|
f;g gf) kf;gdf a;] k}tfnfdfly b'j} xTs]nf pQfgf kfL ulg] Ps cf;g .
1128

j~rs lj) [;+)] != 7Ug] :jefj jf k|jl[ Qsf] 7u w"t{ . gf) @= :ofn . j~rgj~rgf [;+)] gf
) != s;}nfO{ 7Ug] sfd 7uL . @= wf]sfdf kfg]{ rfn 5n . > j~rgLo lj) != 7Ug plrt j~Ro
. @= klTofu ug{ of]Uo TofUg'kg]{ TofHo . jl~rt lj) [;+)] != e'mSofOPsf] jf 7luPsf] .
@= wf]sf lbOPsf] lhNNofOPsf] . j~Ro lj) [;+)] j~rgLo . j6 gf) [;+)] != asf] af]6 .
@= l6lsof uf]nL rSsL . #= 8f]f] . kqL gf) af6'nf 7"n7"nf kft, ftf k"mn ft} hf x'
fndf kfOg] Ps hftsf] kfiff0fe]b . > jl6sf gf) != ;fgf] uf]nL rSsL aL . @= k'mf}nf . #
= kRrL;, kf;f cflb v]nsf] uf]6L . j6L gf) != uf]nL rSsL aL . @= 8f]L . #= k'mf}nf . j
' gf) [;+)] afns s]6f] . @= a|XdrfL . > j6's gf) != Psfbz ?b|dWo] Ps ?b| Ps e}j . @=
fns j6' . #= a|XdrfL . j8jf gf) [;+)] != 3f]8L . @= clZjgL gfdsL cK;f . #= sdfL bf;L
$= j]Zof G8L . > j8jflUg gf) j8jfgn . j8jfgn gf) ;d'b|leq xg] cfuf] j8jflUg . j8f g
[c\ jf8{] hg;\Vof, 3, If]q cflbsf cfwfdf 5'fOPsf] gu, ufpF cflbsf] Onfsf jf ljefu .
fs\ gf) [;+)] != algofF a]kfL . @= Hof]ltifzf:qsf] Ps s0f . ~ j[lQ gf) jl0fs\sf] Joj;
fo jf sfd Jofkf jfl0fHo . jt\ k|To) [;+)] gfdzAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P ;dfgtf, o'Sttf, ;DkGg
tf cflb cy{af]w ufpg] k|Too jf cfa4 k (h:t} dft[jt\, ldqjt\, lxdjt\ O)) . jtg gf) [c
)] != hGd]sf] jf a;]sf] 7fpF (3, ufpF jf 6f]n,lhNnf, b]z cflb) . @= 3f ePsf] jf 8]f u
a;]sf] 7fpF 7]ufgf . jT; gf) [;+)] != dflg;sf] afns . @= ufO{sf] af5f] . #= ;Gtfg l
zz' . $= 5f]f] jf cfk"meGbf ;fgf] pd]sf] JolQmnfO{ :g]xk"j{s af]nfOg] zAb . %= uf]
qk|jt{s Ps Clifsf] gfd . ~ uf]q gf) jT; Clifsf] sn jf j+zsf] klrofTds gfd g]kfndf nD
;fn, bfxfn, kfv]tL, f0ff sj F y x'gx ] sf] uf]q . gfe gf) l;dfnLsf h:tf kft a
leh:tf] hf] x'g] Ps k|sfsf] ljifa'6L . jT; gf) [;+)] jif{ ;fn . jT;n lj) [;+)] != ;G
dfly k|]d ePsf] . @= ;a} s]6fs]6LnfO{ 5f]f5f]Lh:t} dfof ug]{ . gf) #= ;flxTodf b; ;
dfGbf ;Gtfgk|lt cfdfafa'sf] :g]xj0f{gsf kdf pTkGg x'g] Ps ; . $= 5f]f5f]Lk|lt cfdfa
fa'sf] k|d ] efj

1129

jbjgLs0f ;'ljwf;d]tsf nflu jgnfO{ v08v08 uL 5'fP agfOPsf] af6f] . ~ e"ld gf) jgn] 9f
sf] hldg jg:ynL . ~ ef]h gf) ageft aget] . ~ dxf]T;j gf) jgsf] ;+If0f tyf ;+jw{g ug]{
p2]Zon] cg]s yL af]6la?jf nufO{ ulg] pT;j . ~ dfg'if gf) agdfG5] . ~ Ifs gf) jgh\unsf
;'Iff ug]{ jf jgnfO{ ljgfz x'gaf6 hf]ufpg] JolQm jgkfn agkfn] . ~ f]k0f gf) kfvfd}bf
gdf jg jf h\un nufpg] sfd . dfnf gf) != h\unL k"mn jf k"mnkftx pg] agfOPsf] dfnf . @
t'n;L, sGb, dGbf, kflhft sdn oL kfFryL k"mn pg] ufFl;Psf] dfnf . dfnL lj) != jg
xg] . gf) @= s[i0f . #= nxfxaf6 :jfutf cflb ;hfOg] kmnaf6 lj:kmf]6s j:t' tof kfg{ s
lng ;lsg] Ps hftsf] nxf] . ~ jfl6sf gf) jg jfl6sf jgpkjg . jf; gf) != jgsf] jf; jf
gdf a:g] sfd . @= wfld{s b[li6n] ;hfo ef]Ug jf lgfwf eO{ ulg] jgsf] a;fO . jf;L lj)
jgdf a:g] h\unlgjf;L . ~ lj1fg gf) jgh\unsf] ljifo jf j[Iff]k0f cflb;DaGwL lj1fg jf z
f:q . ~ Joj;fo gf) jgh\un a9fpg] vkft, sf7, h8La'6L cflb jgk}bfjfsf] laqmLljt0f ulg
fd . ~ ;+Ifs gf) jgIfs . ~ ;+If0f gf) jgh\unsf] ;+If0f ug]{ jf jgnfO{ Ifo x'gaf6 arf
sfd . ~ ;Dkbf gf) jgh\un jGo hGt' tyf kIfLsf kdf x]sf] fli6o wg . ~ ;f]lhgL gf)
af]6 . ~ ;xr gf) ftf] k"mn k'mNg] vfnsf] ;xr a'6L . ~ ;fwg gf) jgaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;a}
;fdu|L . :ynL gf) h\unleqsf] ;fgf] hldg jge"ld . jg:klt gf) [;+)] k|foM k"mn gk'mnLs
g} kmn nfUg] vfnsf] vljz]if af]6la?jf, ntf cflb . ~ l3p gf) gljn, abfd, Hofk' cflbsf
] t]n k|zf]wg u] agfOPsf] Ps k|sfsf] l3p 3fF;] l3p 8fN8f . ~ hut\ gf) af]6la?jf, emf
cflb ;Dk"0f{ jg:kltsf] ;d"x . ~ g:n;'wf gf) sg} jg:kltsf] c\u sf6] ;f]xL hfltsf] csf
]{ :yfgdf jf cs}{ jg:kltsf] c\u;Fu s[lqd tlsfn] hf]8] ;fwf0f cj:yfaf6 ljz]if cj:yfdf
km]g{] sfd . ~ lj1fg gf) af]6la?jf cflbsf] hflt, c\u cflb ;lxt ;Dk"0f{ jg:kltsf]
cWoog tyf ljj]rgf ulg] lj1fg . jgfGt gf) [;+)] != jgsf] ;LdfGt efu . @= jgsf] e"ld
. jgfGt gf) [;+)] != jgsf] leqL efu . @= csf]{ jg . jlgsf gf) [;+)] != cfOdfO{ :qL
. @= k|]ldsf dfofn' . #= kTgL . jlgtf gf) [;+)] cfOdfO{ :qL . jgLs0f gf) [;+)] jgh\un
w]} agfP hldg 3gf kfg]{

:g]x . jb lj) [;+)] af]Ng] sf ug]{ (k|foM zAbsf k5fl8 k|o'Qm, h:t} lk|oj + b, ;To+jb)
. jbg gf) ;+) != cg'xf r]xf d'v . (pbf) pgsf] jbg k"mnh:t} sf]dn 5 .) . @= cl3Nnf] l
:;f jf efu d'x'8f . #= sg} sf eGg] lqmof jf efj af]Ng] sfd syg . jbL gf) [;+) jlb] s
fkIf ;'bLsf] ljkof{o zAb (h:tf] ;'bLjbL) . jw gf) [;+)] s;}nfO{ dfg]{ jf s6\g] sfd xT
f lx+;f . > jws lj) != jw ug]{ dfg]{ xToff . @= Aofwf . e"ld gf) ckfwLnfO{ k|f0fb0
] 7fpF jw ug]{ jf dfg]{ 7fpF . jlws lj) != jw ug]{ dfg]{ . gf) @= s:t"L . jw" gf) [;+
)] != ev{ laxf ulPsL :qL gjljjflxtf :qL b'nxL a]x'nL . @= efO, 5f]f, elthf cflbsL kTg
a'xfL . ~ u[x k|jz ] gf) 3df gjljjflxtf b'nxLnfO{ klxnf] kN6 k|jz ] ufpg] ljlw jf d
'xt " {. jWo lj) [;+)] != dfg{ nfos dfg'{kg]{ . @= k|f0fb08 lbg plrt . lrXg gf) k|f
0fb08 lbOg] ckfwLnfO{ nufOg] lrg' . e"ld gf) k|f0fb08 lbg] :yfg jwe"ld . jg gf) [;+)
] != y'k|} v tyf af]6la?jfx pd|] afSnf] ePsf] If]q h\un emf8L ag . @= au}Frf . #= bz
L ;GGof;Lxn] kfPsf] Ps pkflw . ~ pBf]u gf) jgsf] ;+If0f tyf ;+jw{g uL k|fs[lts ;Dkbf
a9fpg] pBf]u . ~ pkv08 gf) jgsf] v08leqsf] v08 . ~ pkf]bsL gf) jgdf x'g] Ps hftsf
] kj} agkj} . ~ sbnL gf) ags]f . sL gf) h\unL xfQL . ~ s'Ss'6 gf) agsv'f] n'OFr
) h\unL xfQL jgsL . ~ s';d ' gf) h\undf k'mNg] Ps hftsf] s;d ' k"mn ag}ofF s;'d .
q gf) jgsf] ;fFwl;dfgf 5'fOPsf] jf aGb]h ulPsf] lgwf{lt If]q . v08 gf) 6'qmf6'qmLdf
eflht jg ;fgf] h\un . u9 gf) jgsf] lsNnf . ~ rDks gf) agrfFk sf7]rfFk . r gf) !=
:g] jf 3'Dg] k|f0fL h\unL k|f0fL . @= ags afFb . #=hGt' kz' . rfL lj) jgdf a:g] j
(k|f0fL) . h lj) jgdf pTkGg x'g] h\unL ag}ofF . ~ hGt' gf) jgdf x'g] jf a:g] hGt' j
k|f0fL h\unL hgfj . ~ t'n;L gf) afaL . ~ bdgf gf) lxdfnodf kfOg] Ps hftsf] bdgf .
{ gf) fi6Iffsf nflu jgnfO{ g} lsNnfsf kdf k|of]u ulg] :yfg . ~ b]jtf gf) jgsf clwi7fq
b]jtf . :qL) jgb]jL . ~ gfzg gf) sg} If]qnfO{ h\unn] lxt kfg]{ jf cfjfbL a;fpg h\un
kmfF8\g] sfd . ky gf) != h\unsf] af6f] jgsf] aLraf6 hfg'kg]{ af6f] . @= 89]nf] cflb
af6 hf]ufpg oftfoftsf]

jg]r/jk sfd . jg]r gf) [;+)] != jgdfG5] jgr . @= Clif d'lg . #= fIf; . jgf}iflwjg
[;+)] jgh\unsf] cf}ifwL jf h8La'6L . jGbgjGbgf gf) [;+)] !=xft hf]8] ulg] :t'lt jf k
|fy{gf Znf]s jf dGqsf kf7;lxtsf] k"hf . @= k|0ffd 9f]u . > jGbgLo lj) jGbgf ug{ of]
Uo k"hgLo . jlGbt lj) [;+)] != jGbgf ulPsf] gd:sf ulPsf] . @= s}b ulPsf] y'lgPsf] .
Gbtf gf) != jGbgf ug]{ JolQm . @= ;x|gL ug]{ k|z+;s . jGbL gf) [;+)] != :t'ltkf7 jf
jGbgf ug]{ JolQm jf hflt rf0f . @= aGbL . hg gf) fhbafdf :t'ltufg ug]{ k|frLg Ps h
jf ju{ . jGB gf) [;+)] jGbgf ug{ of]Uo jGbgLo k'Hg'kg]{ . jGo lj) [;+)] jgdf pd|g,]
x'g] jf kfOg] jg;DaGwL ag}of h\unL . ~ pTkfbg gf) jgdf k}bf x'g] jf x'sg { ] j:t' jg
}bfjf . ~ hGt' gf) h\unL hgfjxsf] ;d"x jgh\undf x'sa {] 9]sf ;+If0fof]Uo hGt' . ~
fIf gf) h\unL hgfjxsf] ;'Iff Joj:yf ug{ 5'fOPsf] s]xL ljz]if If]q . j[lQ gf) h
x'g] j:t' a]r] hLljsf rnfpg] sfd . ~ >L gf) jgsf] zf]ef jf ;DklQ . ;|ft ] gf) jg j
f jGo pTkfbgaf6 fi6nfO{ x'g] cfDbfgLsf] d'xfg . jkL gf) [;+)] ;fgf] hnfzo sjf kg]f]
k' gf) [;+)] zL b]x tg . > jk'idfg\ lj) zLwfL b]xL . jk| gf) [;+)] != df6fsf] y'
sf] . @= kvf{n . #= u8tL . qmL8f gf) xfQL, ;fF9] cflbn] l;Fuf}L v]Ng] sfd . jkmf gf)
[kmf)] != cfk"mn] lbPsf] sg} jrg k"f ug]{ sfd . @= st{Jokfng st{Jo . bf lj) != cfg
jrg k"f ug]{ st{Jokfo0f . gf) @= fheQm :jfldeQm . bfL gf) akmfbf x'g] sfd st{Jok
dg gf) [;+)] 5fb\g] sfd afGtf pN6L . jldt lj) [;+)] jdg ulPsf] 5flbPsf] pN6L ePsf] .
M;lGw gf) [;+)] afNosfn t?0f cj:yfsf aLrsf] cj:yf . joM:y lj) [;+)] tGg]L t?gf] hjfg
. @= alni7 alnof] . #= k|f}9 . gf) $= joldNbf] ;fyL bf}FtL . jo gf) [;+)] != hLjgsf]
lat]sf] ;do pd] cj:yf . @= of}jg hjfgL . jo;\ gf) [;+)] lat]sf] hLjgsfn cfo' . jo:s
) [;+)] != jok|fKt pd] k'u]sf] . @= sg} b]zsf]
1130

;+ljwfgcg';f Jojxfdf dflgg] pd] k"f ePsf] aflnu . dtflwsf gf) pd] k'us ] f ;a} gf
gfe]befj dt lbg k| l tlglw 5fGg kfpg] clwsf aflnu dtflwsf . jof]j4 [ lj) [;+)] a'9f
Fdf k'us ] f] pd] 9Ns]sf] ;a}n] dfGg] j[4 . j! gf) [;+)] != b]jtf,u'?hg cflb;Fu dflug
] pgLx k| ; Gg eP lbg] kmn jf dgf] yl;l4sf] cflzif . @= sGof;Fu ljjfx ug{ kSsf ePs
f] s]6f] b'nxf a]x'nf] . #= zAbsf k5fl8 ufFFl;P >]i7tfsf] efj a'emfpg] zAb (h:t} u'?
j, sljj, lk|oj, dfGoj O)) . $= pQd >]i7 ultnf] . j@ k) ;) sg} sfd ;s] csf]{ sfd u
bf lqmofkbdf lTj em}F eP hf]lg] zAb (pbf) ltdL 3}df a;j, vfpmj s]6fs]6Lsf] ljrf u
) lj) [;+) cj] cfk"mlt cfgf 5]pdf glhs . sf] lj) cfgf 5]p jf glhssf] cfkmGt gftf
kg]{ . (pbf) oqf] sfo{df jsf]nfO{ 5f]8] ksf] af]nfpg' klg t ePg) . j0f gf) [;+)] !=
} d\unsfo{ ubf{ hhdfgn] k'f]lxtnfO{ cf;g, j:q cflb lbO{ 6Lsf nufpg] sfd . @= ljjfx
df b'nxfnfO{ ulg] cfbk"0f{ :jfut;Tsf . #= sGofn] j f]Hg] jf :jLsf ug]{ sfd . $= f]hf
f]6 dgf]gog . ~ :jtGqtf:jftGo gf) s;}nfO{ cfk"mv';L j0f ug]{ jf 5fGgr'Gg kfpg] clwsf
j0fL gf) [;+) j0f] ljjfxdf hGtL cfOk'Ug]lalQs} 3df gnuL b'nxLsf afa'n] b'nxfnfO{ if
f]8zf]krfn] ug]{ k"hfljz]if . j0fLo lj) [;+)] j0f ug{ of]Uo f]Hg jf 5fGg nfos . @= u|
0f ug{ of]Uo lng'kg]{ . jq lqm) lj) [j ;+) cq] o; nf]sdf o; nf]ssf lglDt o; hut\df .
bf) kqsf] d[ut[i0ffdf jq laufg'{ 7Ls x'b F g } ). jb lj) [;+)] j lbg] jbftf cfzLjf
. jbfg gf) [;+)] b]jtf jf u'?hg cflbn] k|;Gg eP ceLi6l;l4sf lglDt lbg] cfzLjf{b OlR
5t j:t'sf] k|flKt j . jbfos lj) [;+)] j lbg] jbftf . jg\ ;+of]) [;+) jd\] To;f] e
If gf) [;+)] lax]a6'nf]df b'nxftkm{sf lgDtfn' jf b'nxf;Fu} hfg] dflg; alofFt hGtL .
jk lqm) lj) [j k] != glhsk'F8f] rf}lt otfplt . gf) @= 5l5d]s .

1131

jkLknju{ dfGotf . j?0f gf) [;+)] != ;d'bs | f clwi7ft[ b]jtf jf hnsf clwklt klZrd lb
zfsf lbSkfn dflgPsf Ps j}lbs b]jtf . @= cfotgsf] lx;fan] t];|f] u|x g]kRo'g . #=
kfgL . $= cGtlIf . %= ;"o{ cflbTo (k|foM ldqsf ;fy hf]l8P, h:tf] ldqfj?0f) . > j?0ff
no gf) ;d'b| ;fu . j]0o lj) [;+)] != j0f ug{ plrt jf of]Uo k"Hotd . @= ;a}eGbf pQd
d k|wfg d'Vo . (pbf) >L fhGoj]0o ldqj P jLTjsf ;fu abLgfy efO{, lr7L) . js{
] ;fb[Zodf] != lxF8\g' hfg' . ' c) lqm) != 3l j @= jlt cfpg' lkmls{g' . ~ kms{g cfpg
l k hfg' cf]xf]bf]xf] ug'{ . @= jN6g'kN6g' cf]sg { ' kms{g' . > jsf{O gf) js{g] l
k|lqmof . jsf{O kmsf{O gf) jls{g]kmls{g] lqmof jf k|lqmof . jsf{Og' s) lqm) != kms
f{Og' . @= kN6fOg' . jsf{Og' kmsf{Og' s) lqm) js{gkms{g nfOg' . jsf{pg' k|) ] lqm)
!= js{g nfpg' kmsf{pg' . @= kN6fpg' . jsf{pg' kmsf{pg' k|]) lqm) js{gkms{g nfpg'
. jls{g ' c) lqm) != jlt cfOg' . @= js{g' . jls{g' kmls{g ' c) lqm) jsL{kmsL{ lxFl8g
' js{g ] kms{g] xf]Og' . jsL{ kmsL{ lqm) lj) js{gk ] ms{g] u] cf]xbf]x . ju{ gf) [
;dfg b[li6sf sg} hflt, k];f, j0f{, >]0fL, :t, cfsfk|sf cflbsf] ;d"x ;dfg wd{, ;+:s[l
t, efiff cflb x'g] dflg;xsf] ;d"x jf hdft bn >]0fL bhf{ ljefu . @= Ps} :yfgaf6 pRrf0f
x'g] j0f{xsf] ;d'bfo . (h:tf] s07af6 s, v, u, 3, jT;{af6 r, 5, h, em cflb) . $= ul
0ftdf b'O{ ;dfg c\s jf ;\Vofn] u'Gg] Llt jf To;L lgsflnPsf] u'0fgkmn . ~ lsnf] ld6 gf
Ps lsnf]ld6 nDafO Ps lsnf]ld6 rf}8fO ePsf] If]qkmn . ~ G gf) ju{;\3if{ . ~ lgk]If
} Ps ju{nfO{ dfq k|wfgtf glbOg] (fhgLlt jf l;4fGt) . kmn gf) b'O{ ;dfg flzsf] u'0fg
kmn . e]b gf) hflt, \u cflbsf cfwfdf ju{ 5'fpg] jf e]befj ug]{ sfd . ~ dfOn gf) Ps
nDafO Ps dfOn rf}8fO ePsf] If]qkmn . ~ ld6 gf) Ps ld6 nDafOrf}8fO ePsf] If]qkmn .
ldn gf) ju{dfOn . d"n gf) Tof] flz h;n] ju{kmnnfO{ efu lbFbf juf{s \ lgSnG5 . (h:tf]
@% sf] ju{dn " % xf]) . ~ ljefhg gf) ju{ 5'fpg] jf afF8g \ ] sfd . ~ lje]b gf) ju{ c
nUUofpg] sfd ju{eb ] . ljxLg gf) ju{ jf ju{sf] e]befj gePsf] . ~ ;\3if{ gf) != ;dfhs
f kLl8t / kL8s ju{aLr x'g] ;\3if{ . @= ;dfhsf zf]ifs / zf]liftsf aLr x'g] o'4 . ~
;dGjo gf)

jkLkn gf) [j kLkn ] != j kLknsf] v . @= k'0o;~rosf lglDt 5xfL gePsf af6fsf 5]p5fpdf
] lji0f'nIdLsf cf}tf dflgPsf k|l;4 b'O{ hftsf v . (lji0f'nIdL ;Dem] k|lti7f ubf{ jkL
knsf] lax] ullbg] g]kfnLxsf] wfld{s rng 5) . jdfnf gf) [;+)] :jo+jdf jf ljjfxsf ;dodf
b'nxfnfO{ b'nxLn] nufOlbg] dfnf . jofqf gf) [;+)] pT;jk"js { jnfO{ ;fydf lnP hfg] J
olQmxsf] nsf]{ alofFt hGt . > jofqL gf) hGtLdf hfg] JolQmxsf] ;d"x alofFt . jjl0f
+)] :jo+j ug{sf lglDt tof ePsL sGof . jf\u gf) [;+)] != dfy lz . @= ;'Gb zL . > j
Gb :qL fd|L cfOdfO{ . jf\uL lj) ;'Gb zL ePsL :qL fd|L sGGof . jft gf)x]) agft
os vr{ar{ eOk cfpg] vr{ . (pbf) laxfga]n'ssf] 5fs t lhgltg rn]sf] 5, jfkn] kf] df
) . jfeo gf) [;+)] rflxPsf] sf eg lge{ x" eGg] efj a'emfpg] zAb j ceo . kfl
ceod'bf | wf0f u]sf jfeod'bf | df x]sf . gf) @= lji0f' . #= a'4 . jfx gf) [;+)] !
F ' ag]n . @= lji0f'sf b; cjtfdWo] t];|f] cjtf . #= c7f k'f0fdWo] jfxcjtfsf] dfx
j0f{g ulPsf] Ps k'f0f . ~ cjtf gf) lji0f'sf b; cjtfdf t];|f] cjtf . ~ sNk gf) lji0f'
jfxsf] cjtf wf0f u]sf] ;do . ~ If]q g]kfnsf] ;'g; lhNnfdf kg]{, ;Ktsf]; sf]sfxf g
f] ;\uddf x]sf] jfx eujfg\sf] dlGb;lxtsf] Ps k|l;4 ty{:yn . ~ ldlx ljqmdflbTosf gjT
o] Ps tyf Hof]ltifzf:qsf k|Voft cfrfo{ . jl gf) of]) [j O] != jlt j . (pbf) ltd|} 3
' f lg t) . gf) @= hf]Tg nfu]sf uf]?nfO{ Ps d];f]af6 kmsf{pg xnn] k|of]u ug]{ z
Ab xf]f{ jf tnsf] csf]{ k . kl lqm) lj) jk otfplt rf}lt . jli7 lj) [;+)] !=
Q { d >]i7td . @= clt 7"nf] pRr sf]l6sf] . ~ clwjQmf gf) ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf ax; ug]{ c
lwsf ePsf] pRr txsf] jlsn . j k) ;) sg} sfd ;s] csf]{ sfd ePsf] jf yfNg] sf hgfpg k
sflns lqmofdf ufFl;g] Ps k . (pbf) gfg v]nj 3 cfO;Sof] . ltd vfO{j l56} cfpm) .
jotf gf) [;+)] != clws >]i7tf w]} pDbfkg . @= ljz]if

juf{sf/j0f{ ljefu ;dfhsf ljleGg ju{sf ar ;dfgtfsf] efj fVg] ;dfg ;x'lnot k|bfg ug
]{ sfd ljleGg ju{sf arsf] d]nldnfk . ~ :jfy{ gf) ljleGg cfwfdf ag]sf ju{xsf] cfk;
:jfy{ ju{o :jfy{ . juf{sf gf) [;+)] rfrf sgf k]sf] cfsf . ~ j[Ifff]k0f gf) rfrf
08v08 kf] v f]Kg] k|ljlw . juf{\s gf) [;+)] ju{kmn . ju{s0f gf) [;+)] ljleGg ju{df
hg ug]{ sfd ju{cg';f 5'fpg] sfd ju{ju{sf] aF8fO . ~ d~h"iff gf) x'nfsdf j8f jf If]qcg
;f lr7kq 5fF6] flvg] ljz]if k|sfsf] vG8] bfh (;l6{s];) . ju{st [ lj) [;+)] ju{df
fhg ulPsf] ju{ 5'fOPsf] . ju{o lj) [;+)] sg} ju{l;t ;DalGwt ju{sf] ju{df x]sf] .
ljleGg ju{sf aLr cfcfgf] lxt;+If0fsf lglDt j}wflgs kdf :yflkt jf lgld{t ;\u7g . (h:
t} dlxnf ;\u7g, o'js ;\u7g, ls;fg ;\u7g, dhb' ;\u7g, e"tk"j{ ;}lgs ;\u7g, ljBfyL{ ;
cflb) . jr{ gf) [;+)] != an zlQm . @= k|sfz sflGt t]h rDsfO . #= cfs[lt k . > jr{:j
cflwkTo clwsf/ lgoGq0f . > jr{:jfg\ lj) != t]h:jL jr{:jL . @= zlQmzfnL . jr{l:jtf gf)
jr{:jL x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . jr{:jL lj) != t]ho'Qm t]h:jL . @= zlQmzfnL kfqm
dL . gf) #= t]h:jL JolQm . $= rGb|df . jh{s lj) [;+)] != klTofu ug]{ TofUg] jf 5f]8
g \ ] . @= dgfxL ug]{ lgif]ws . jh{g gf) [;+)] != 5f]8g \ ] sfd Tofu ltnf~hln . @= l
gif]w dgfxL ckjfb . #= g]t[Tjsf cg';f dfgj;dfhsf] sg} ju{df of] sfd ug'{ x'Fb}g eg] d
flgPsf] t To;nfO{ lgif]w ug{ sg} lnlvt cfwf gePsf] sfd . > jh{gLo lj) != 5f]8\g of]U
o TofHo . @= lgif]w jf dgfxL ug'{kg]{ . jlh{t lj) [;+)] != 5f]l8Psf] cnUUofOPsf] .
@= alxis[t lgif]lwt . #= jl~rt lxt . jHo{ lj) [;+)] jh{gLo 5f]8g \ jf TofUg of]Uo . j
0f{ gf) [;+)] != b[li6df cfpg] k jf cfs[lt ;f}Gbo{ j]ze"iff . @= kbfy{df x'g] ftf], ;
]tf], sfnf], kx]Fnf] cflb ke]b \u . #= lxGb"wd{cg';f dg'iohfltsf rf >]0fL (a|fXd0f, I
lqo, j}Zo z"b|) . $= Fufpg] kbfy{ f]ug . %= cb]lv 1;Ddsf Wjlgsf] k|tLslrXg 6'So|fpg
lsg] Wjlgsf] PsfO;"rs lnlk . ^= :yfoL, cff]xL, cjf]xL ;~rfL uL rf k|sfsf e]b x'g] u
sf] k|ToIf ljlw jf k|lqmof . > j0f{s gf) != cfgf] :jfefljs k l5kfpg tyf agfj6L k lgs
fNgsf lglDt nufOg] klxg .
1132

@= cleg]tf, u'Ktr cflbsf] klxg jf k;Hhf . #= d'vfj0f gsfa a'sf{ . $= :t'ltufos rf0f
~ t"lnsf gf) lrq n]Vg] a'?; srL . ~ wd{ gf) j0f{cg';fsf] k];f, st{Jo jf :jefj cfr0
j0f{g gf) [;+)] != qmda4 kdf cfPsf] jf lj:tfk"js { sf] syg a]nLlj:tf avfg . @= sg}
L jf 36gf cflbsf] a]xf]f fd|L yfxf x'g] uL ulPsf] aofg ljj0f . #= k|z+;f tflkm . >
tLt lj) j0f{g jf avfg ug{ g;lsg] a]nLlj:tf nfpg sl7g cj0f{gLo . j0f{gfTds lj) [;+)] !
= j0f{g a];L ePsf] j0f{g;lxtsf] j0f{go'Qm j0f{gdo . @= j0f{gsf k4ltff tof ulg] jf eP
(j0f{gfTds Jofs0f, j0f{gfTds efifflj1fg O)) . tf gf) j0f{gfTds x'gfsf] efj jf cj:
yf . j0f{gLo lj) [;+)] != j0f{g ug'{kg]{ j0f{g ug{ ;lsg] . @= k|z; + gLo ;x|gLnfos
. j0f{k6 gf) [;+)] != s]6fs]6L jf l;sf?xnfO{ cIf lrgfpgsf lglDt csfflb qmdn] cIf 5flk
Psf] 7"nf] kq leQ] j0f{dfnf ;fpFcIf n]lvPsf] sf7sf] kf6L . @= ;"o{sf] ls0f jf sg} ;]t
f] ls0fdf ;ft lsl;dsf \u b]lvg] k6 . j0f{ klro gf) [;+)] != cIfsf] 1fg . @= cIf lrgf
k'l:tsf j0f{dfnf . j0f{eb ] gf) [;+)] != ;gftg wd{cg';f a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo z"b|
uL rf j0f{df nfOPsf] efu . @= pRrtf, gLrtf jf sf b[li6n] dg'iohfltdf ulPsf] leGgtf j
f e]befj . j0f{dfnf gf) [;+)] sg} lnlksf ;fpFcIf qmd};Fu n]lvPsf] kq;d"x svxf k9fpg]
k':ts j0f{klro . j0f{ nf]k gf) [;+)] zAbdf x'g] sg} j0f{sf] nf]k . (h:tf] :6];g > 6];
g, afR5f] > af5f] O)) . j0f{ ljsf gf) [;+)] zAbsf] sg} Ps j0f{ cs}{ j0f{df kl0ft x'g
] sfd, j0f{sf] ljsf . (h:tf] ;+:s[taf6 g]kfnLdf cfpFbf sfssf] sfu, u|fdsf] ufpF, r
qmsf] rSsf O)) . j0f{ ljrf gf) [;+)] j0f{sf] :jk, sf]l6, pRrf0f, k|of]u cflbsf] ljj]
rgf jf JofVof ug]{ lgod jf ljefu . j0f{ lj]if gf) [;+)] sfnf, uf]f cflb j0f{ jf hfl
tsf cfwfdf ;fgf]7n " f] egL e]befj ulg] k|jl[ Q tyf xLgtfhGo efjgf . j0f{ ljGof; gf
) [;+)] j0f{sf] Jojl:yt vfO cIfljGof; lxHh] jt{gL lvKtL . j0f{ ljko{o gf) zAbsf j0f{
fl8sf] k5fl8 jf k5fl8sf] cufl8 x'g] rfn cIfxsf] pn6km] . j0f{ ljefu gf) [;+)] != lxGb
" wd{sf cg';f 5'fOPsf

1133

j0f{j[Qjiff{ j[Qfsf af6'nf] . jt'{nfs[lt lj) jt'{nfsf . jT;{ gf) dfYnf] bfFtsf km]bb]
v kl5lNt s7f] tfn';Ddsf] ufuf k]sf] efu . jT:o{ lj) [;+)] jT;{:yfgaf6 pRrlt x'g] (Wj
. jbL{ gf) [c)] x]) jbL abL{ . j4{ gf) [;+)] a9\g] sfd j[l4 a9fO . > j4{s lj) != j[
ug]{ a9fpg] . j4{g gf) != a9\g] sfd j[l4 a9fO . @= cEo'bo pGglt . j4{gL gf) != hnkfq
08n' . @= d'bf{ n}hfg] v6 zjofg . #= s'rf] . dfg lj) != a9\g] vfnsf] j[l4zLn . gf)
@= h}g wd{sf k|jt{s tLy{\s . dfgs lj) != v'a a9\g] vfnsf] . gf) @= df6fsf] lbof] skg
L kfnf . j4{lotf lj) j[l4 ug]{ a9fpg] . jl4{t lj) != j[l4 ePsf] a9]sf] . @= elPsf] .
w{ gf) [;+)] j4{ . > jw{s lj) j4{s . jw{g gf) j[l4 j4{g . jw{gL gf) j4{gL . dfg gf)
{dfg . dfgs gf) j4{dfgs . jw{lotf lj) j4{lotf . jlw{t lj) jl4{t . jdf{ gf) [;+)] Ifl
qoxsf] Ps pkflw jf y . jo{ lj) [;+)] != j0f ug{ of]Uo f]Hg'kg]{ 5fGg'h:tf] . @= dgkb
. #= pQd >]i7 ultnf] . jif{ gf) [;+)] != b'O{ cog, 5 Ct' afx| dlxgf x'g], sfnsf] P
s k|l;4 dfg ;+jT; ;fn . @= sfnu0fgfdf sg} ljlzi6 rqm jf cjlw k"f x'g nfUg] ;do (h:t}
fGb|jif{, ;f}jif{, cfly{s jif{ O)) . #= sg} df;sf] lglZrt ltlyb]lv km]l ToxL df;sf]
cfpg] ltlysf aLrsf] ;do . $= sg} dxfLksf] k|wfg efu jf ljefu (h:t} eftjif{, Onfjif{
cflb) . %= hGdb]lv jt{dfg;Ddsf] ;do pd] cfo' . ^= emL j[li6 . &= > jif{0f gf) != a;{
] sfd a;f{O jiff{ . @= cl;gf . ~ k|jz ] gf) != gofF jif{df k|jz ] ug]{ sfd . @= hG
df]T;jsf] lbg hGdlbg . #= gofF jif{df k|j]z ubf{ x]sf u|xxsf] l:ylt n]lvPsf] kq . k
mn gf) hGdnUg jf jif{s0 8nLsf cfwfdf x'g] jif{elsf] z'efz'e kmn . aGbL gf) x]) aiff
{FbL . ~ j[l4 gf) gofF jif{df k|jz ] ug]{ sfd pd]sf] a9tL hGdlbg . jiff{ gf) [;+)] !=
kfgL kg]{ sfd kfgLsf] a;f{O j[li6 emL . @= 5 Ct'dWo] ;fpg ebf} x'g] Ps Ct' a;f{b .
= kfgLkfOsf 5fF6n] s'g} j:t' w]} kldf0fdf cf]Og] sfd . ~ sfn gf) kfgL a;{g] ;do jiff{
Ct' a;f{b . > jiff{u \ gf) dlxgf df; . jiff{g'jifL{ lj) k|ltjif{ x'g] ;fn}lkR5] x'g]
. ~ dfks gf) sg} lglZrt cjlwleq slt jiff{ eof] eGg] tYo lgsfNg] oGq . jiff{Da' gf)
k]sf] kfgL jiff{sf] kfgL emLsf] kfgL . jiff{zg gf) afx| dlxgfsf] l;wf jf dfgfrfdn avf
;g . jlif{t lj) != j[li6 ePsf] a;]{sf] . gf) @= j[li6 jiff{ .

rf ljefu a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo z"b| . @= dg'io hfltdf sf cfwfn] 5'fOg] j0f{ jf >]0f
0f{jQ [ gf) [;+)] n3'u'?sf] qmd jf j0f{sf] ;\Vof ldnfO{ n]lvPsf] jfSo jfl0f{s 5Gbd
f lrt kB . j0f{ Joj:yf gf) [;+)] lxGb" wd{sf cg';f ulPsf] j0f{;DaGwL Joj:yf jf ljefh
g . j0f{ ;\s gf) [;+)] b'O{ cnu hfltsf cfdfafa'af6 hGd]sf] ;Gtfg l7dfxf . j0ff{ud gf)
[;+)] zAbsf ;lGw cflb x'Fbf cufl8, k5fl8 jf aLrdf sg} cIf ylkg] sfd . (pbf) lb cfpF5
lbofpF5, lbnfpF5 df o n cfud O)) . j0ff{Tds lj) [;+)] j0f{ jf cIfdf n]lvg] tyf
] (zAb, kbfjnL cflb) . j0ff{g'qmd gf) [;+)] csfflb qmd ldnfO{ ulPsf] qmd cIfflb qmd c
fsf] l;nl;nf . > j0ff{g'qmlds lj) j0ff{gq ' mddf x]sf] jf ldn]sf] cIfsf] l;nl;nfd'tfl
assf] . j0ff{>d gf) [;+)] a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zo z"b| rf} j0f{n] kfng ug'k { g]{ ;gf
tg wd{cg';fsf a|Xdro{, u[x:y, jfgk|:y ;GGof; cflb rf cf>d . ~ wd{ gf) j0ff{>ddf x] k
ng ulg] st{Jo tyf ;f]cg';f k|fKt ulg] wd{ . jl0f{t lj) [;+)] != j0f{g ulPsf] aofg ul
] elgPsf] . @= lrq0f ulPsf] lrlqt . #= k|z+;f ulPsf] . j0fL{ lj) [;+)] != sg} Ps ju{
f hfltsf] . @= zLn, wd{ cflb ePsf] (a|XdrfL) cflb . j0o{ lj) [;+)] != j0f{g ug{ nf
os j0f{gLo . @= k|:t't . jt{g gf) [;+)] != xg] jf l6Sg] sfd a;fO . @= ljBdfg l:ylt l:
ytf . #= Jojxf . $= hLljsf . %= 3'dfO rSs . > jt{gL gf) != ljBdfgtf l:ylt . @= zAbcGt
{t j0f{xsf] ljGof;df x'g] cfjZos qmldstf ljz'4kg lxHh] . #= hLjgj[lQ eQf . $= lgj[l
Qe0f k]G;g . jt{dfg lj) [;+) ] != clxn] eOx]sf] jf rlnx]sf] ;d;fdlos . @= ljBdfg pkl
df}h'b . gf) #= Jofs0fdf sg} sfd clxn] eOx]sf] hgfpg] sfn . ~ sfn gf) Jofs0fdf jt{dfg
;donfO{ ;"lrt ug]{ cj:yf jf ;f]cg';f rNg] lqmofk . (h:tf] hfG5', hfG5f},F hfG5;\,
hfG5f}, hfG5g\ O)) . jlt{sf gf) [;+)] != aQL ;'Tnf] . @= k]lG;nsf] 9fFrfsf] n]Vg]
;fwg . #= afO{ . jlt{t lj) [;+)] != 3'dfOPsf] lFufOPsf] . @= latfOPsf] . jtL{ lj) [;+
)] x]sf] l:yt (c zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P k|of]u x'g], h:t} b"jtL{, ;dLkjtL{ O)) . jt'n {
) [;+)] != rqmsf cfsfsf] j[Qfsf af6'nf] uf]n . gf) @= uf]nfs[lt j[Q kllw 3]f] . >
sf lj)

jifL{j;Gtf]T;j jifL{ lj) [;+)] jif{sf] ;fnsf] jifL{o . sf] lj) Ps jif{ pd] k'us ] f
f{ lbgsf] avL{sf] . (pbf) 5f]L kfFr nfuL, 5f]f] jifL{sf] eof]) . :qL) jifL{sL . jifL
{o lj) [;+)] jif{sf] ;fnsf] . jif]{! lj) [jif{ P] x]) a;]! { . jif]{@ lj) [jiff{ P] x])
a;]{@ . jns gf) [g])] df]xLn] tlN; jf hUufwgLnfO{ Lt lgodcg';f a'emfpg] sf];]nLkft cy
jf b:t' cf]ns . kft gf) jns cflb b:t' sf];]nLkft . jneL gf) [;+)] != 5fgf], dfr cfl
] anf] . @= 3sf] dflyNnf] tnfsf] sf]7f . jno gf) [;+)] != s\s0f afnf] r'f] . @= d08n
. > jnlot lj) != 3]lPsf] j]li6t . @= rSs vfPsf] 3'd]sf] . jnL gf) [ cf]n] cf]n l
|sf y (h:t} cg]sjn, gfgfjn). jn cxb gf) [kmf)] o'jfhflwfh kbj kfPsf], /fhfsf] h
] 5f]/f] jn]6 . jn]6 gf) [kmf) jncxb] /fhtGqfTds d'n'sdf /fhfsf] pQflwsf o'jfhflwf
jNs gf) [;+)] != vsf] af]qmf] aNsn . @= df5fsf] sTnf] . b|d ' gf) ef]hkqsf] v . jN
n gf) [;+)] != vsf] af]qmf] . @= vsf] af]qmfff ag]sf] kf];fs . > jNsn lj) jNsn ePsf]
Nsn wf0f ug]{ . jlNt lqm) lj) [j lt] otfkl jlt . ljk) klNt . jNds gf) [;+)] wld
n . jNne lj) [;+)] != dgkg]{ Koff] lk|o . @= klt :jfd . #= dflns . > jNnefrfo{ gf) O
jsf] kGw|f}F ztfAbdf ePsf, j}i0fj ;Dk|bfosf k|jt{s Ps k|l;4 cfrfo{ . jNn gf) [;
+)] != nxf] ntf . @= d~h . jNnj gf) [;+)] != uf]7fnf] uf]k . @= ksfpg] dflg; efG;] .
jlNn gf) [;+)] != nxf] ntf . @= k[Yj . jNn gf) [;+)] nxf] ntf . jNnf] lj) [j Nnf]
O{ j:t'dWo] jltsf] glhssf] jsf] . jj gf) [;+)] k~rf\udf kg]{ P3f s0fdWo] Ps . jz
!= cwg P]r F sfa' . @= :jfldTjk"0f{ clwsf sAhf . #= cnfO{ k|efjdf kfg]{ zlQm x}sd
$=c zAbsf k5fl8 hf]lP sf0fn], ubf{ cflb cy{ hgfpg] zAb . (h:t} sfo{jz, ljlwjz, ;+of]
ujz O)) . s lj) jzdf fVg] P]Frdf Nofpg] . jt{ lj) s;}sf]
1134

jzdf x]sf] jf k]sf] cwg:y . > jzft\ lqm) lj) jzff jf jzn] ubf{ (hf]l8P k|o'Qm, h:t}
jzft\, efUojzft\ O)) . jlzi7 gf) [;+)] != ;Ktlif{xdf k|d'v dflgPsf, dGqb|i6f j}lbs
Clif . @= k'f0fcg';f a|Xdfhsf dfg;k'q . #= efhsf ;d;fdlos lbjf]bf;sf k'q . ;'bf;sf
k'f]lxt . $= ldqfj?0f gfdsf b]jtf pj{z gfds cK;fsf k'q . %= Jof3|kbsf afa', pkd
Go' Clifsf afh] l;Gw'k|bsf a"9fafh] . ^= ;"o{j+z fhfxsf snk'f]lxt tyf fdrGb| xlZ
f u'? . &= a|fXd0ff]lrt k|lti7f tyf cfbz{sf k|ltlglw d'lg . *= uf]qk|jt{s Ps Cli
f . (ljZjfldqn] jl;i7 Clif;Fu ;dtf fVg k|z:t k|oTg u]sfn] To;;DaGw y'k}| pkfVofg
k|rlnt 5g\) . ~ uf]q gf) jl;i7 Clifsf] gfddf rn]sf] pgsf] sn jf j+zsf] klrofTds gfd
g]kfndf efO{, bjf8, yfgl;] eF8f, l;hfkt, rfln;], ;f]t, d'8e, ;'on du, ;'on yfkf
'on 3t{xsf] uf]q . jzs0f gf) [;+)] s;}nfO{ 6'gfd'gf cflb u jzdf kfg]{ sfd ;Ddf]xg
'gfdf]xg . jzs[t lj) [;+)] jzdf kflPsf] jze"t ;Ddf]lxt . jze"t lj) [;+)] jzdf k]s
] cwgdf ePsf] . jZo lj) [;+)] != jzdf fVg'kg]{ jf fVg ;lsg] jzdf flvPsf] cwg t'Nof
f] . gf) bf; sdff] . jif6\ gf) [;+)] sg} b]jtfnfO{ o1df cfx'lt lbFbf pRrf0f ulg] zAb
OGb|fo jif6\, k"if0f] jif6\ cflb) . j;t gf) [;+)] != xg] jf l6Sg] sfd . @= jf;:yf
g cfjf; 3 . #= 8]f . $= cfwf cf>o . %= lzlj . ^= a:t . j;g gf) [;+)] != sk8f j:q
= 9fSg] j:t' jf pks0f . #= n'uf . j;Gt gf) [;+)] != 5 Ct'dWo] Ps klxnf] Ct' (r}t j
}zfv dlxgf) Ct'fh . ~ sfn gf) j;Gtsf] ofd j;GtCt' . ltnsf gf) rf}w cIfsf] kfp, k|To
r0fdf qmdzM tu0f, eu0f, b'O{ hu0f cflvdf b'O{ u'? x'g] clg 5 cf7 cIfdf olt ePsf] Ps
5Gb . ~ k~rd gf) df3 z'Sn k~rd >k~rd . ~ k'ik gf) j;Gt Ct'df k'mNg] k"mnljz]if
. ~ >j0f gf) j;Gtk~rdsf lbg sf7df8f}s F f] xg'dfg9f]sfdf ljz]if ;dff]xsf ;fy slj
hob]jf/f lnlvt utuf]ljGb sfJosf] sg} efu ;'Gg] sfd . j;Gt gf) [;+)] != kfs]sf sfut
sf] af]qmfh:tf] xNsf jf lkmSsf kx]Fnf] . lj) @= To; sf] . j;Gtf]T;j gf) [;+)] j;Gtk
~rdsf lbg jf To;sf] ef]lnkN6

1135

j;fjxg j:t' 1fg gf) [;+)] != j:t'sf] oyfy{ 1fg jf klro . @= tjo'Qm sfsf] af]w tj1fg
t'tM lqm) lj) [;+)] jf:tjdf ;fFRr} eg"F eg] oyfy{tM . j:t' lgb]z { gf) [;+)] != gf6
ssf] k|fDedf syfsf] ;\s]t u k|:t't ulg] d\unfr0f . @= sg} sf 7s;Fu b]vfpg] sfd .
kq k]mxl:t . j:t' lgi7 lj) [;+)] afXo tj jf ef}lts kbfy{;u F ;DaGw fVg] jfXo tjsf e
ts kbfy{df c8]sf] :jo+ stf{ jf s[ l tsf] cfTdf jf r] t gf;F u s g } ;DaGw gePsf]
cfTdlgi7sf] ljko{o . tf gf) j:t'lgi7 x'gfsf] efj, ljz]iftf jf cj:yf . j:t'ks lj) [;
+)] efj jf ljrfnfO{ plt dxj glbO{ aflx j:t'hut\nfO{ a9 k|>o lbP n]lvg] jf agfOg] (
sfJo, z}n cflb) . tf j:t'ks x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf . j:t' k|i ] f0ffb]z gf) [;
+)] ljb]zaf6 dfn k7fpgsf lglDt lbOPsf] lnlvt cfb]z . j:t'efj gf) [;+)] jf:tljstf o
yfy{tf . j:t'eb ] gf) [;+)] != ddf+;fzf:qsf cg';f px cj:yfdf Ps} zAbsf] b'O{ le
Gg cy{ ug]{ sfd . @= j:t'df xg] jf:tljs cGt . j:t'jfb gf) [;+)] ;f+;fls sfs} ;jf]{kl
d'vtf dfGg] jf b[Zo hut\ h:tf] 5 To;sf] ;Qf klg To:t} dfGg] Ps bfz{lgs l;4fGt .
> j:t'jfb lj) j:t'jfbsf] l;4fGt dfGg] j:t'jfbsf] cg'ofo . j:t' ljlgdo gf) [;+)] sg
} j:t'l;t csf]{ j:t' ;f6\g] sfd j:t'xsf] ;f6km] jf n]gb]g . j:t'l:ylt gf) [;+)] sg} 3
6gf, ljifo jf sfsf] oyfy{ l:ylt jf:tljs cj:yf . j:t"Tk|I ] ff gf) [;+)] sfJodf pkd]o
j:t'df pkdfg j:t'sf] sfo{ jf u'0fsf] sNkgf ubf{ kg]{ pTk|I ] ff cn\sfsf] Ps e]b .
j:t"kdf gf) [;+)] pkdf cn\sfsf] Ps e]b wd{nK ' tf]kdf . j:q gf) [;+)] != klxg] j:t'
xg kf];fs . @= l;OPsf] jf gl;OPsf] sk8f n'uf . #= b]jb]jn] klxlg] jf b]jb]jnfO{ r9
fOg] sk8f jf kf];fs . ~ u[x gf) kfn . k"t lj) sk8fn] 5fg]sf] sk85fg u]sf] . ~ kf6 g
) sfutsf ljleGg cfs[ltsf lrqx sf6]sf 6'qmf 6fF;] agfOPsf], v;|f] sk8fn] df]lPsf] kf
6 jf b[Zo ;fwgdWo]sf] z}lIfs ;fdu| . > j:qfuf gf) != sk8fx yGSofpg] sf]7f kf];fsvf
gf . @= sk8fsf] k;n jf bf]sfg . jx gf) [;+)] != jxg ug]{ jf n}hfg] sfd . @= ;jf o
fg jfxg . #= kjg jfo' xfjf . $= gb gfnf . jxg gf) [;+)] != s'g} j:t' tfg] jf af]s]
7fpFaf6 csf]{ 7fpFdf n}hfg] sfd ef af]Sg] sfd . @= cleeff

dgfOg] Ps pT;j jf rf8 dbgf]T;j . j;f gf) [;+)] != k|f0fsf] zdf x'g] ;]tf] lrNnf] k
bfy{ af];f] . jl;ot gf) [c) j;ot] d[To'pk|fGt cfgf] >;DklQ o; k|sfn] pkof]u ug"{ e
g lbOg] :j}lR5s lgb]z { g jf :js[lt z]ifkl5sf nflu Joj:yf jf cfb]z ulPsf] as; .
gfdf gf) cfgf] d[To'pk|fGt cfgf clwsfdf x]sf] rncrn ;DklQ o; k|sfn] pkof]u ulof];\
[To'eGbf klxnf g} n]lvlbg] sfutkq jl;otsf ;t{ n]lvPsf] z]ifkl5sf] as;kq jf aG8fr'
G8fsf] lnvt . jl;i7 gf) [;+)] x]) jlzi7 . j;' gf) [;+)] != cfk jf cx, w'|j, ;f]d,
w jf wj, clgn, cgn, k|To"if k|ef; o cf7 j}lbs b]jtfsf] ;d"x . @= pQmcg';f cf7nfO{
hgfpg] ;\Vof . #= dl0f Tg . $= j:t' b|Jo . %= ;'g . ^= kfg . b]j gf) s[i0fsf afa'
]gsf 5f]fsf] gfd . j;'wf gf) [;+)] j;'Gwf k[Yj wt . > j;'wflwk gf) fhf . j;'Gwf
] != wt k[Yj (Tguef{ j;'Gwf) . != Ps b]jsf] gfd . j;'n gf) [c) j';'n] x]) c;'n . >
j;'n gf) c;'n . j:tfhj:tfb gf) [kmf) p:tfb] != ufgahfgdf bIf JolQm ;\ut1 . lj) @=
lgk'0f l;kfn' kf]Vt . > j:tfhj:tfb gf) != j:tfhsf] snf jf sfd . @= lgk'0ftf szntf
lj) #= j:tfhsf 9fFrfsf] j:tfhh:tf] . jl:t gf) [;+)] != gfO6fb]lv pFwf] x]sf] k]6sf
] efu tNnf] k]6 . @= d"qfzo . #= xg] jf a:g] sfd a;f]af; a:t . ~ sd{ gf) k]6sf] dn ;
kmf kfg{ u'bfaf6 lkrsf nufpg] sfd 8'; . sf]z gf) d"qfzo . j:t' gf) [;+)] != sg} k
}lts cl:tTj ePsf] kbfy{ ljBdfg rh . @= wg;DklQ b|Jo . #= sg} gf6s jf sfJosf] syfgs
jf d"ne"t c+z . $= sg} lrq cflbsf] ]vflrq jf d"n cfwf . %= sg} d'Vo sf] jf ;ftj .
vgg jf cGj]if0f ubf{ kfOPsf k'ftfljs j:t'sf] 5f]6s gfd . efp gf) ufO{e}F; cflb 3kf
f kz' kz'wg rf}kfof . j:t'ut lj) [;+)] j:t'nfO{ k|dv ' tf lbOPsf] j:t'kIfdf uPsf] .
clwsf gf) sg} klg JolQmnfO{ j:t'sf] cfwfdf jf j:t'sf ;fy} k|fKt x'g] clwsf . k|Zg g
sg} sf jf j:t'sf] oyfy{ 1fgsf cfwfdf 7Ls pQ lbOg] 5f]6sL k|Zg . j:t' hut\ gf) [;+)]
]lGb|oaf6 cg'ej ug{ ;lsg] tyf kbfy{n] ag]sf] hut\ jf To;sf] cfsfo'Qm k .

jxfFjfuLz lng] jf cf>o lbg] sfd . #= k|jflxt x'g] sfd aufO . $= ;jfL ofg uf8L . %= 8'
uf gf}sf gfp . > jxgs gf) efL af]Sg] dflg; jf ofg . jxgLo lj) jxg ug{ jf af]Sg of]Uo
e lng'kg]{ . jxfF lqm) lj) [ pxfF] != To; 7fpFdf ToxfF . ;j{) pxfF . jlxM lqm) lj) [;
+)] x]) alxM . z'Ns gf) cfoft ulPsf j:t'df nfu]sf] s . jlxq gf) [;+)] != hxfh kf]t .
@= Ps lsl;dsf] y . jxF lqm) lj) [jxfF g}] != ToxfF g} ToxF . ;j{) @= pxfF g} . jlXg
gf) [;+)] != cfuf] clUg . @= kfrgzlQm . jfM lj) af]) [ jfx] pb]s, cfZro{, k'mt{, 3
dG8, :ofaf;, k|z; + f cflb a'emfpFbf k|of]u x'g] zAb . (pbf) jfM cnfO{ x]Kg sxfF
kfOG5 jfM ltdn] v"a u]5f}) . jf [;+)] != ljsNkaf]ws zAb cyjf of (pbf) ahfdf uPkl5
jf bx h] vf]hk ] lg kfOG5) . @= ls (pbf) ltd 3 hfG5f} jf oxF a:5f} <) . jfOF gf
) [c) d")] != e}F; jf kf8f] sfPsf] zAb cfOF . ?jfO k'm6\tf lg:sg] cfjfh . jfOF gf)
!= afaf jfOF ug]{ rfn . lqm) lj) @= nuftf jfOF zAbsf ;fydf . jfOk gf) [c\] ljz]iftM
fnsn] ;jf xfFSg ;'ljwf x'g] u uf8sf] cufl8kl x]sf] P]gfsf] w"nf] jf kfg k'5\g],
oGqrflnt ;'Of]h:tf] a'?;] ;fwg . jfOaf lj) [ef]) a)] :ki6 pRrf0f ug{ g;Sg] jf af]n
fd| gk'm6]sf] jfojfo ug]{ n7f}f] n7]a|f] . @= tfdf hfltsf] Ps y . jfs\ gf) [;+)
Ab . @= jrg af]n . #= efiff jf0f . $= ;:jt . jfs\g' c) lqm) [jfSs g'] afGtf ug{ cfF
] jfSsjfSs x'g' 5fb\g vf]Hg' . jfsjfs lqm) lj) [jfs\(l))] != kmf]xf], l3g, lbuldu, f]
cflbn] afGtf x'g vf]Hg] u jfsjfs . gf) @= afGtf x'g vf]Hg] l:ylt jdg x'g] r]i6f
. > jfsjfst lqm) lj) != cem a]; jfsjfs x'g vf]h]em}F u . gf) @= afGtf x'g vf]Hg
] 9fFrf jf r]i6f jfsjfs . jfsjfs lqm) lj) jfsjfst . jfsfO gf) [jfs\ cfO] jfSg] lqmo
f jf k|lqmof . jflskm lj) [c)] sg} sfdsfdf lgk'0f hflgkmsf 1ftf . jflsg' c) lqm) [j
jfSg] sfd xf]Og' . jfSs lqm) lj) [c) d") jfs\ s] != jdg ug{ vf]Hg] lsl;dn] . gf) @
= jdg pN6 . #= sg} JolQm, j:t' jf sfdaf6 dg ljlQmg] l:ylt a]dg l;sl;sf] 3[0ff . Ao
gf) != Psgf;sf] jdg . lj) @= jfSs ePsf] . jfSsnx gf) [;+)] d'vd'vsf] emu8f d'vfd'v a
femfafem
1136

egfj} . jfSs]n gf) [;+)] Vofn7f xF;lbNnu . jfS5n gf) [;+)] csf{nfO{ wf]sf lbg e|f
s zAbsf] k|of]u ug]{ sfd bf]xf]f] cy{ nfUg] zAb jf jfSosf] k|of]u u cfgf] dtna l;4
ug]{ 56fOF . jfSk6' lj) [;+)] sf ug{ cf}w l;kfn' . jfSklt gf) [;+)] != sfsfg ug{ j
fif0f lbg l;kfn' JolQm . @= j[x:klt . jfSk4lt gf) [;+)] ljlzi6 tyf nfIfl0fs cy{df
k|o'Qm x'g] ;"qksf kbfjn jf jfSof+z jfUwff 6'Ssf (h:t} d'v nfUg', af6f] ttfpg', cfF
vf h'wfpg', gfs sf6\g' O)) . jfSo gf) [;+)] != ;+rgfsf b[li6n] Wjlg, k, kb, kbfjn
jfSof+zo'Qm tyf k|sfo{sf b[li6n] zAb g} d'Vo ePsf] k"0f{ cy{ jf efj k|s6 ug]{, ef
iffsf] cfwfe"t PsfO sf k|:6 kfg]{ ;fy{s zAbxsf] ;d"x . @= cfb]z cf1f . ~ lgdf{0f gf)
mof s]Gb|ljGb'sf kdf xg] ;a} zAbsf] k:k cy{;DaGw x'g] eflifs >]0fqmd ePsf] eflifsf
;+rgfsf] lgdf{0f jfSosf] agf]6 . ~ k4lt gf) jfSosf] ;+rgf ug]{ lgod jf tlsf . ~ rgf
jfSolgdf{0f . ~ ljGof; gf) zAbx oyf:yfgdf xg] u jfSo agfpg] sfd jfSorgf . ~ lj:tf
x]s jfSosf p2]Zo tyf ljw]odf cGo pko'Qm zAbx yKb}a9fpFb} jfSo nDAofpg] sfd jfSosf] k
m}nfj6 . ~ ;\sf]r gf) cy{df sg} kljt{g gusg} jfSonfO{ 5f]fpg] sfd . (pbf) pg hlt
Tolt sfd u5{g\ > pg ;s]hlt sfd u5{g) \ . ~ l;l4 gf) jflS;l4 . jfSofTds lj) [;+)]
jfSosf] k lnPsf] jfSon] o'Qm jfSosf] k ag]sf] . jfSof+z gf) [;+)] sf fd| g6'\lu
s k|sfsf] efj dfq k|s6 x'g] kbxsf] ;d"x k"f jfSosf] Ps c+z jf ;fgf] jfSo 6'qm] jfSo v
8jfSo . jfSo'4 gf) [;+)] != d'vd'vsf] n8Gt jf emu8f jfSsnx rsf{rs{ afemfafem egfj}
@= jfbljjfb rsf]{ ts{ . jflS;l4 gf) [;+)] c1ft jf cb[Zo sf klg eGg ;Sg] h] af]Nof] T
ox sf k'Ug] zlQm eg]sf] sf k'Ug] l;l4 jf ;fdYo{ . jfS:jtGqtf gf) [;+)] k|rlnt P]gsf
/ ;+ljwfgcGtu{t x sg} sf af]Ng] jf ljrf k|s6 ug{ kfpg] clwsf efif0f:jtGqtf . jfS:j
gf) [;+)] jfS:jtGqtf . jfuf gf) [;+)] afu8f] nufd . jfuz gf) [;+)] != slj . @= a|Xd
f . #= a[x:klt . lj) $= fd|f]d7f] af]Ng] .

1137

jfuZjjfRo jf\dw' lj) [;+)] != eGbf s;}nfO{ glag] (af]n) . @= d7f] af]njrg ug]{ d
if ldi6 efif . jf\do gf) [;+)] != uB jf kBdf n]lvPsf zf:q tyf sfJo b'j} k|sfsf ;d:
t efiffa4 rgfxsf] ;d"x u|Gy . lj) @= zAbxn] o'Qm jf jf0f jrgl;t ;DalGwt . #= jfSo;D
aGw jfSofTds . > jf\do gf) ;:jt b]j . jf\no gf) [;+)] jfSosf] no k|:tf . { ug]{
frs lj) [;+)] != sg} JolQm jf j:t'nfO{ lgb]z hgfpg] jfr (h:t} JolQmjfrs, gfdjfrs, ;\
Vofjfrs cflb) . @= df}lvs . gf) #= ;Ktfx, k'f0f cflb eGg] d'Vo kl08t . $= afRg] j
f eGg] JolQm kf7s . %= kf7 ug]{ jf afRg] z}n jfrgzlQm . wd{ n'Ktf]kdf gf) jfrs kb
;fwf0f wd{ n'Kt x'g] pkdf cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . ~ n'Ktf]kdf gf) jfrs kb n'Kt x'g] pkdf c
n\sfsf] Ps e]b . > jfrs lj) != jfrg ug]{ . @= k'f0fsf d'Vo kl08t . jfrsf]kdfgn'Ktf]
kdf gf) jfrs pkdfg n'Kt x'g] pkdf cn\sfsf] Ps e]b . jfrg gf) [;+)] != afRg], kf7 ug]
{ jf k9] ;'gfpg] sfd syg . @= ljwflosf ;ef, a}7s cflbdf sg} ljw]os, k|:tfj cflb pkl
:yt ubf{ x'g] cfj[lQ jf kf7 . ~ sIf gf) jfrg ug]{ 7fpF jf sf]7f] jfrgfno . > jfrgf
no gf) hg;fwf0fn] kqklqsf cflb k9\g] jf x]g{] 7fpF . jfrlgs lj) [;+)] != jrgl;t ;Da
Gw ePsf] jrgsf] . @= zAbdf cleJoQm df}lvs . jfrlotf lj) [;+)] kf7 ug]{ afRg] jfrs . j
fr:klt gf) [;+)] != jf0fsf :jfd . @= fd| af]Ng ;Sg] JolQm ;'jQmf . #= b]jtfsf u'?
a[x:klt . $= a|Xdf . jfrf gf) [;+)] != k|foM ;a}n] ;'Gg] u ulg] k|lt1f sa'n lslof .
@= jrg af]n jf0f . #= wfld{s u|Gyxsf] kf7 ;"q . $= zAb Wjlg . ~ kq gf) k|lt1fkq sa
otgfdf . a4 lj) jfrf jf sa'ndf afFlwPsf] jrga4 . ~ aGwg gf) jfrf jf k|lt1fdf afFWg]
sfd jrga4 ufpg] sfd . jfrfn lj) [;+)] != af]Ngdf l;kfn' rt'f] jfSk6' . @= w]} af]Ng
as] . jflrs lj) [;+)] != d'vaf6 k|s6 ulg] df}lvs alstd\ . @= jfrf;DaGw jrgsf] . gf)
#= jf0fsf dfWodn] clek|fo k|s6 ulg] Ps clego . $= df}lvs ;dfrf . jfr lj) [;+)] Jo
Qm ug]{ jf a'emfpg] af]ws jfrs (h:t} gfdjfr, ljz]if0fjfr, ;\Vofjfr O)) . jfRo gf)
[;+)] != jfSodf stf{, sd{ efjsf] sfd a'emfpg] jf sg} Pp6f;Fu ;DaGw fVg] lqmofkb .
(h:t} st[{jfRo M d lstfa k9\5' sd{jfRo M (dff) eft vfOof] efjjfRo M (xfd) cfOg]5 O))
. @= clewfff JoQm x'g] cy{ . #=

jfuZj gf) [;+)] != slj . @= a[x:klt . #= d~h'3f]if . > jfuZj gf) jf0fs b]j ;:jt
. jfUhfn gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ cndNofpg] jf 5n5fddf kfg]{ 3'dfpf] egfO . @= efj ;f
wf0f ePsf] a]; zAb yf]klPsf] nDa]rf}8] sf . jfUb08 gf) [;+)] != s;}nfO{ jrgn] ;tfp
sfd xKsbKs vKs eT;{gf . @= jrg jf af]nsf] lgoGq0f d'v ;Fefn] af]Ng] sfd . jfUbQf
j) [;+)] sfdsf] l5lgPs jf s;};Fu lax] ug{ kSsf eO;s]s s]6 jfUbfg ul;lsPs sGof .
jfUbfg gf) [;+)] != ljjfxsf lglDt s;}nfO{ 5f] lbPF eg ljlwk"j{s af]Ng] sfd s]6sf
] sfdsf] l5Gg] sfd . @= j0fdf b'nxfnfO{ kmn, b|Jo cflbsf] e]6;lxt sGof lbPsf] sf af
Ng] rng jf ljlw . #= s;}nfO{ sg} j:t' gkmls{g] u lbg] jrg . jfUb]j gf) [;+)] jf0f
s clwi7fq b]j ;:jt . jfUbf]if gf) [;+)] != af]Nbf x'g] q'l6 jf lafd af]nsf] bf]
if . @= jfSodf x'g] Jofs0f;DaGw e"n jf cz'l4 . #= lt:sf lgGbf . jfUdt gf) [;+) jfUj
t] sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] k"jf]{Qdf kg]{ jfUfaf6 lg:s] aUg] Ps k|l;4 gb . jflUdtfjflUd
Tj gf) [;+)] != ljQf kfl08To . != af]Ng] jf efif0f lbg] sf}zn k|jrgk6'tf . jfUd lj)
[;+)] != af]Ngdf jf efif0f lbgdf szn k|jrgk6' . @= ljfg\ kl08t . #= a[x:klt . jfUjh|
gf) [;+)] != b'Vg] u nfUg] af]n s6'jf0f . @= ;fKg] sfd >fk ;fk . jfUjf0f gf) [;+)
ag] u elgg] af]n jrgsf] k|xf . jflUjbUw lj) [;+)] != af]Ng jf sf ug{ l;kfn' jfSk6
= ljfg\ kl08t . tf gf) jflUjbUw x'g] l:ylt jf efj jfSrft'o{ klG8TofOF . jflUjnf; gf
;+)] dg axnfpsf lglDt ulg] 7fd:s xF;7f . jfUj lj) [;+)] != af]Ng l;kfn' jfSk6'
q cfF6 geP klg aflx sfn] lxDdt b]vfpg] kmfOFk'm] . jfUj}bUWo gf) [;+)] ts{k"0f{ sf
ug]{ jf efif0f lbg] ;k jfSrft'o{ jflUjbUwtf . jf gf) != u'lN6g], klN6g] jf lhlNng]
sfd ljkmntf c;kmntf . @= dg]{ sfd lhe|f]6f]sfO . vfg' 6') km]n x'g' lau|g' . (pbf)
n] o;kN6 klg hfFrdf jf vfof] .) jf\uf | gf) wfg, sf]bf] cflbsf] xlof] af]6 jf 8fF7 g
n'jf gn .

jfhvfdjfb lt:sf lgGbf . lj) $= eGg jf sxg of]Uo . %= zAb jf clewfff af]w x'g] clew]o
y{) . > jfRof3ft gf) af]Nbfv]l pRrf0f cjojdf nfUg] 7Ss . jfRofy{ gf) sfs lqmofsf] ;
;DaGw xg], zAbsf] lgot jf lglZrt cy{ clew]ofy{ . jfhvfd gf) [kmf) jhf vfdL] != sg} s
lglDt w}o{ u] a:g] jf kv{g] sfd vfdf]; . @= cjsfz cjlw Dofb . #= nv sf6\g] sfd cGbfh
8\sn . jfhk]o gf) [;+)] ;dfhdf pRrtd :yfgsf] k|flKtsf nflu ulg] ;ft >f}t o1dWo] kf
Frf}F o1 . jfhaL lj) [c) jflhaL] != Gofo;\ut ;'xfpFbf] d'gfl;a plrt . @= nfos of]Uo .
jfh;g]o gf) [;+)] z'Snoh'jb {] sf] Ps zfvf . > jfh;g]oL lj) != jfh;g]o zfvfsf] cg'
ofoL . @= z'Sn oh'j]{bsf k|jt{s tyf k|0f]tf of1jNSo d'lg . jflha lj) [c)] lrQa'bf]
d'gfl;a jfhaL . > jflhaL lj) jflha . jfhL gf) != afh rf] . @= 3f]8f . #= z'Snoh'j]{b
L . s lj) != zlQm a9fpg] jLo{ jf zlQmj4{ s . @= sfdf]2Lks . s0f gf) cf}ifwLff d
zlQm tyf jLo{ a9fpg] sfd jf To:tf] cfo'j]{bLo k|of]u . jf~5s lj) [;+)] jf~5f jf
OR5f ug]{ OR5's . jf~5gjf~5gf gf) [;+)] OR5f ug]{ sfd clenfiff jf~5f . jf~5gLo lj) [;
)] != clenfiffnfossf] OR5f ug{ of]Uo . @= rflxg] vfnsf] cfjZos h?L . of]Uotf gf) sg
b jf sfdsf lglDt rflxg] of]Uotf (lzIff, sfo{szntf cflb) . jf~5f gf) [;+)] sg} cfjZo
s sfsf lglDt ulg] rfxgf OR5f clenfiff . jfl~5t lj) [;+)] OR5f ulPsf] lrtfOPsf] rfl
f6! gf) [;+)] != af6f]dfu{ . @= afu au}Frf . #= 3]f] . jf6@ gf) [c\] lah'nLaf6 zlQm k
bf x'g] kldf0fsf] c+z jf PsfO . jf6 gf) [c\] kfgL hn . ~ k|k ' m lj) leq kfgL gl5g]{
f kfgLn] c; gkfg]{ (38L cflb) . ~ dfs{ gf) pHofnf] tkm{ kmsf{P x]bf{ b]lvg] gf]6, s
fut cflbdf nfu]sf] ;]tf] 5fk jf lrXg . jfl6sf gf) [;+)] != pBfg au}r F f . (h:tf] c
zf]sjfl6sf k'ikjfl6sf O)) . @= ;;fgf] kmnk"mnafL . jf8 gf) [c\ jf8{] kfOs hg;\Vof jf
3w'Lsf cfwfdf 5'fOPsf] ufpF jf ;xsf] sg} lglZrt If]q j8f jf8{ . jf0f gf) [;+)] !=
. @= jf:t' jf d"lt{df k|of]u x'g] kfFr cdnafasf] gfk kfFr c\un ' . #= dfqfsf] kfFru
'gfafasf]
1138

gfk . $= tn, ?b|fgg, OlGb|o jf e"tafasf] gfk . jfl0fHo gf) [;+)] dfn;fdfgsf] vlblaqm
L jf n]gb]g Jofkf a]kf . ~ b"t gf) cfgf] b]zsf] Jofkfls ;+If0f tyf ;+j4{gsf lglDt c
b]zdf k7fOPsf] jf flvPsf] sg} fi6sf] b"t . ~ a}s \ gf) jfl0fHo jf Jofkf;DaGwL sfd u
ufpg] tyf JofkfJoj;fodf ;xfotf ug]{ uL :yflkt jf ;\ul7t a}\s . > jfl0fHofno gf) Jofk
f] d'Vo :yfg 7"nf] bf]sfg jf k;n . jf0fL gf) [;+)] != d'vaf6 lg:sg] ;fy{s zAb;d"x
jf jfSo af]nL efiff . @= cfbz{ jrg, Wjlg jf cfjfh . (h:tf] cdjf0fL, dxfjf0fL, eljioj
f0fL, cfsfzjf0fL O)) . #= af]Ng] ;fdYo{ jfSzlQm . $= ljBfsL b]jL ;:jtL . jft gf) [;+
)] != jfo'ks | f]k eO{ zLsf ;lGw:yfgxdf kL8f x'g] Ps f]u afy . @= zLdf xg] jfo' . #
f jfo' . u'Nd gf) zLdf ljiffSt jfo'sf sf0fn] pTkGg x'g] Ps f]u afy . ~ Hj gf) z
]k x'Fbf cfpg] hf] . ~ f]u gf) jftsf] ladfL . jftf gf)x]) aftf . jftfg's"ng gf) [;+)]
xfjf ;kmf ug]{ jf k|f0fjfo'sf] dfqf a9fpg] sfd jf To:tf] j}1flgs k|lqmof . jftfg
's"lnt lj) [;+)] lr;f] tftf]nfO{ cfgf] cg'sn jf ;xg ;lsg] rflxFbf] ;'xfpFbf] kflPsf
. jftfog gf) [;+)] != 3leq xfjf pHofnf] k7fpg flvPsf] ofn jf 5fgfdf sf]k'n] cfwf 9f
Sg] uL agfOPsf] Kjfn . @= ofn . #= afb{nL . $= 5fgf 5t kfnL . %= 3f]8f . jftfj0f gf)
;+)] != k[YjLsf] rf}lt lkmFlhPsf] xfjf . @= k|ToIf jf ck|ToIf kn] k|efj kfg]{ cf;kf
;sf] cj:yf kll:ylt . hGo lj) jftfj0fsf] k|efjn] k}bf x'g] . ~ lj1fg gf) hLljt j:t'x
jftfj0fl;tsf] ;DaGwdf cWoog ug]{ lj1fg . > jftfj0fLo lj) jftfj0fl;t ;DalGwt jftfj0fs
] (k|efj, :jf:Yo, cWoog cflb) . jft'n lj) [;+)] != xfjfbf . @= afyf]u nfu]sf] jftf]un
] u|:t . #= 5F6fPsf] af}nfxf kfun . gf) $= cfFwL . > jft'nfno gf) kfunvfgf . jfT;No
gf) [;+)] afa'cfdfsf] ;Gtfgsf k|lt x'g] :g]x jf ddtf . ~ efhg gf) 5f]f5f]Lh:t} lk|o
JolQm :g]xkfq . ~ ; gf) ;flxTodf gj;kl5 klg b;f}F ;sf kdf dflgPsf], :yfoL efj jfT;No
x'g] Ps ; . jfT:ofofg gf) [;+)] != sfd;"q gfds u|Gysf k|0f]tf Ps k|l;4 Clif . @= Gofo
;"qsf efiosf . jfb gf) [;+)] != tjbzL{xn] lglZrt u]sf] sg} ljlzi6 sfsf] dt jf l;4fG
t} k|ultjfb, ef}ltsjfb, ;dfhjfb O)) . @= ;f sf] kQf nufpgsf lglDt ulg]

1139

jfbsjfdkGy jfg! gf) [;+)] != jg;DaGwL jgsf] . @= ;'sfOPsf] . #= au]sf] . gf) $= ;'
sfOPsf] jf ;'s]sf] kmn . jfg@ k|To) [kmf) afg] zAbsf k5fl8 ufFl;P hf]ufpg], b]vfpg
], rnfpg], xfFSg] cflb cy{ hgfpg] k(h:t} uf8fjfg, bjfg, d]xjfg O)) . jfgk|:y gf) [;+)
] != j}lbs cfo{xn] lgwf{0f u]sf cf>ddWo] t];|f] cf>d . @= To; cf>ddf k|j]z u]sf] Jol
Qm . > jfgk|:yL lj) jfgk|:ydf x]sf] jfgk|:y;DaGwL . jfgk|:Yo gf) jfgk|:ydf x]sf] l:yl
t jf cj:yf . jfg gf) [;+)] dfgjh:t} b]lvg], vdf ljr0f ug]{ k|l;4 :tgkfoL k|f0fL afFb
k ds{6 . ~ k'R5] gf) afFbk'R5] . ;b[ z fg' u 0f gf) != jfgh:tf k| f 0fLsf] ;d" x
ck'R5Voftrt'is plTyt gjfg . #= dfgju'0fsf b'O{ k|jl[ QdWo] Ps . > jfgfg'u0f gf) != g
[tjsf] k|fylds ju{ . @= lgzfslk cg' u 0f, s r { d s{ 6 cg' u 0f gjfgfg'u0fsf] ;d"x .
jfgL lj) != jfg;DaGwL jfgsf] . gf) @= kf]yL jfg afFbgL{ . jfg:kTo lj) [;+)] != jg:
6 tof ePsf] jg:klt ;DaGwL . gf) @= k"mn k'mn]kl5 kmn nfUg] hftsf af]6 la?jf (cfFk, b
fld, ;'Gtnf cflb) . #= jg:kltsf] tj tyf To;sf] j[l4 ug]{ pkfo cflbsf] ljj]rgf ePsf
] zf:q jg:kltzf:q . jfGt lj) [;+)] != afGtf u]sf] 5fb]sf] . @= ps]ns ] f] y'ss ] f] .
gf) #= jdg afGtf 5fb . jfk; lj) [kmf)] kms]{ cfPsf] lkmtf{ ePsf] . > jfk;L lj) != lk
tf{ cfPsf] jf k7fOPsf] . gf) @= lkmtf{ cfpg] sfd jfk; x'g] sfd k|Tofjt{g lkmtL{ . j
flk gf) [;+)] jfkL . > jflksf gf) ;fgf] vfnsf] jfkL . jflk; gf) [ jfk;] jfk; lkmtf{ .
jfk gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] s'jf kf]v tnfp . @= leq k:g] l;F9 ePsf] Ogf Ogf . jfkmj}/
)x]) afkj}/ . jfd lj) [;+)] != afofF b]a|] . @= k|ltsn ljkt pN6f] . #= 6]9f] jqm .
s7f] lgb{o . %= b'i6 . ^= dgf]x fd|f] . gf) & afofF xft . *= afofFklsf] c+z . (= sr
. !)= sfdb]j . b]j gf) dxfb]j lzj . jfdg lj) [;+)] ;fx|} xf]rf] jf l7Ful' Psf] afdk
8s \ ] afpGg] . gf) @= To:tf] dflg; . #= blIf0flbzfsf] lbUuh . $= k'f0fcg';f lji0f'
sf b; cjtfdWo] kfFrf}F cjtf . %= c7f dxfk'f0fdWo] jfdg cjtfsf] dfxfTDo j0f{g ePsf] Ps
k'f0f . jfdkIf gf) [;+)] jfdkGy, jfddfu{ . > jfdkIf lj) jfdkGy . jfdkGy gf) [;+)]
dfS;{jfb fhglts dt jf cleofg

ts{ zf:qfy{ ljrf ax; ljjfb . #= syg j0f{g . $= cbfntdf pkl:yt ulPsf] cleof]u . %= lg
. jfbs lj) [;+)] != jfbljjfb ug]{ . @= afhf ahfpg] . ~ d08n gf) jfbsxsf] ;d"x jf 8k
mf . jfbu|:t lj) [;+)] lgk0f jf lgZro eOg;s]sf] ljjfbf:kb . jfbg gf) [;+)] != afhf a
hfpg] sfd ahfO . @= jfBoGq afhf . jfb k|ltjfb gf) [;+)] sg} ljifodf k:ksf] ax; jfblj
zf:qfy{ . jfb ljjfb gf) [;+)] != sg} sf jf ljifosf] tjlgk0fsf lglDt cfgf a'Fbfsf] ;d
ljkIfsf a'Fbfsf] v08g;fy ulg] 5nkmn ts{ljts{ ljrfljdz{ v08gd08g jfSk|ltof]lutf .
egfeg afemfafem . ~ k|ltof]lutf gf) lgodcg';f kIfljkIf b'O{ ;d"xdf ljeflht eO{ sg} l
jifodf ts{o'Qm kdf af]Ng] afh lhTg] sfd . jfbJoo gf) [;+)] b]jfg d'2fdf jfbn] l
kmfbkq;fy cbfntdf bflvn ug'{kg]{ ;jfncg';fsf] b:t' sf]6{km . jfbf gf) [c) jcb] != ;;
k6 lnPsf] gub jf lhG; kmsf{pg] cjlw Dofb . @= sg} sf k"f ug]{ sa'n k|lt1f sf .
fb gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifosf] plQm pQ bf]ifff]k0f tyf To;sf] arfpsf lglDt lbOg] pQ .
jfbljjfb zf:qfy{ . jflbq gf) [;+)] afhf jfB . jfb! gf) [;+)] != s;}sf lj?4 cbfntdf
d'2f bfo ug]{ JolQm ph'jfnf JolQm . @= lkmfbkq gfln; . #= fudf d'Vo kn] k|o'Qm x'g]
. $= afhf ahfpg] JolQm jfBjfbs . lj) %= sg} jfbdf nfUg] jf l;4fGtljz]ifsf] cg'ofo
(h:t} cWofTdjfb, ef}ltsjfb, ;dfhjfb O)) . ^= sg} sf af]Ng] eGg] . &= snx jf emu8f
ug]{ . *= Gofo dfUg hfg] . :q) jflbg . jfb@ lj) [;+)] ;b{ ug]{ jfo'sfs . jfB gf
) [;+)] != ]6], k'ms] jf 7f]s] ahfOg] ;\utsf] ;; tyf dgf]~hs :j, tfn cflb lgsflng]
| afhf . @= syg efif0f . ~ uf]i7 gf) ;\utsf ;'lnf :j lgsfNg] dw' tfn lbg] gfgfy
jf t afhfxsf] jfbg;DaGw sfo{qmdsf] e]nf . ~ jfbg gf) afhf ahfpg] sfd afhfahfO .
~ ;\ u t gf) afhfxaf6 pTkGg x'g] :jo'Qm ;\ut . jfws lj)x]) afws . jfwf gf)x]) afwf
> jflwt lj) aflwt . jfg\ k) ;) [;+)] ePsf], x'g] cflb cy{ hgfpg] cfa4 k (h:tf] u'0fj
fg\, d"Nojfg\, kjfg\ O)) .

jfddfu{jfkf/ jfddfu{ . > jfdkGy lj) jfdkGysf] cg'ofo jf ;dy{s dfS;{jfb lrGtgsf cg
'ofo . jfddfu{ gf) [;+)] != tflGqs ;fwgfcg';f tGq, dGq, clerf cflb sfdsf ;fy dB, d
f+; cflbsf] ;]jg ug]{ ljwfg ePsf] Ps dfu{ jf dt . @= k|rlnt gltlgod Joj:yfsf] p
N6f] rNg] jf k'ftg ljrf l:yltsf] cfd"n kljt{g z3|tf;fy rfxg] fhglts dt jfdkGy . >
fddfu{ lj) != jfddfu{sf] cg';0f ug]{ . @= jfdkGy . jfdnf]rgf gf) [;+)] != ;'Gb cfs
if{s cfFvf ePs :q ;'gog gf/ . lj) @= fd|f] cfFvf ePs (:q) . jfdf gf) [;+)] !=
fd| :q ;'Gb gf . @= b'uf{ ejfg . #= nId . $= ;:jt zfbf . jfdfIf gf) [;+)]
Fvf x'g] :q . jfdfud gf) [;+)] jfdfrf . jfdf\lugjfdf\u gf) [;+)] afofF c\u dflgPs
jjflxtf gf kTg . jfdfrf gf) [;+)] tflGqs k4ltcg';f dB, df+;, dT:o, d'b|f, d}y'g o
fFr k|sfsf ;fwgff zlQmsf] pkf;gf ug]{ wfld{s ;Dk|bfo . > jfdfrf lj) jfdfrfsf] cg'ofo
. jfdfjt{ lj) [;+)] != afofFtkm{af6 kmGsf] df]sf] b]a|]lt x'Fb} 3'd]sf] . gf) @= af
ofFtkm{af6 bflxg]lt ]vf 3'd]sf] z\v . jfon]; gf) [;+)] a]tfsf] va cfsfzjf0f . jfoj
[;+)] jfo';Fu ;DalGwt jfo'sf] . ~ k'f0f gf) Jof;ff lrt c7f dxfk'f0fxdWo] Ps k'/f0
' f0f . jfoJo gf) [;+)] != b; lbzfdWo] Ps lbzf pQ klZrd lbzfsf arsf] sf]0f jfoJosf
]0f . lj) @= jfo';DaGw jfojo . jfo; gf) [;+)] sfu sf}jf . jfo' gf) [;+)] !=k[Yjsf
] rf}lt 9fs] x]sf], cfFvfn] gb]lvg] eP klg :kz{u0 ' f ePsf], k|f0fdfqn] ;f; k]mg{ l
dNg] Ps tj k~rtjdWo] Ps kjg xfjf . @= xfjfsf clwi7ftf b]jtf . #= x[bodf xg] k|f0f, u'
fdf xg] ckfg, gfledf xg] ;dfg, s07df xg] pbfg ze xg] Jofg gfdsf kfFr jfo' . $= x7
f cg';f if6\rqmsf] cEof; ubf{ k|of]udf cfpg] dfgjzdf ePsf] xfjf . %= d]kl5 sfhlqmof
x'g gkfPsf] cfTdf cult k]sf] hj k|]tfTdf k|]t . ^= k|foM afnaRrfnfO{ nfuf]sf] kdf b
'Mv lbOxg], emfk'ms u] jf bf]af6fdf k"hf u] kG5fPkl5 lgsf] x'g], nf]sl9 ePsf] cd"t{
sf]0f gf) klZrd pQ lbzfsf] arsf] sgf] jfoJosf]0f . ~ ult gf) xfjfsf] h:tf] l56f]
n Hofb} l56f] tfsf] p8fg clt l56f]
1140

lxF8fO . ~ ult lj1fg gf) jfo'sf] rfn gfKg] j}1flgs g zf:q . ~ gfzs lj) ckr eP cfGb|
fdf x'g] k]z;\sr jf jfo'ljsf ePdf ;]jg ulg] (cf}ifw) . ~ ky gf) != xjfO{hxfhn] p8f
g ug]{ af6f] jfo'dfu{ . @= xfjf aUg] af6f] jfo'sf] k|jfxdfu{ . ~ k'f0f gf) Jof;ff lr
7f k'f0fdWo] jfo'b]jtfsf] j0f{g ePsf] Ps k'f0f . ~ k|zf]wg s]Gb| gf) b"lift jfo'nfO{
x6fP :jR5 jfo'sf] ;~rf ufpg] :yn . ~ d08n gf) != cfsfz . @= k[Yjsf] rf}lt x]sf] xf
f] cfj0f jftfj0f . ~ d08no rfk gf) jfo'd08nsf] :jfefljs jxgzntfaf6 kg]{ rfk jfo'd08
naf6 x'g] lyrfO . ~ d08no lj1fg gf) jfo'd08nsf] cWoogcg';Gwfg ug]{ k|of]ufTds kI
f0f ug]{ zf:q df};d zf:q . ~ dfu{ gf) jfo'ky . ~ ofg gf) xfjfdf p8\g] jfxg ljdfg xjf
O{hxfh . n]v gf) cfsfzd08ndf l:yt jfo'sf] rfk b]vfpg] oGq . ~ nf]s gf) jfo'bj ] a:
g] ;+;f cfsfz . jfb gf) OR5fcg'sn " zfls k|oTgaf6 ;~rflnt jfo' g} d'vsf c\uc\udf
{ j0f{sf kdf kl0ft x'G5 eGg] j}ofs0f dt . ~ ljsf gf) k]6, cfGb|f cflbdf jfo' jf UofF;
elg] f]u . ~ lj8\u gf) ;;fgf ;]tf k"mn drsf h:tf bfgf kmNg], cfo'j]{bdf s[ldgfzs c
}ifwsf kdf lnOPsf] Ps v jf To;s} kmn lj8\u . ~ ljBf gf) df};d zf:q jfo'd08no lj1fg
. ~ j]u gf) xfjfsf] h:tf] l56f] rfn jfo'ult . z"n gf) xf8sf hf]g{, sfv, sfk cflbd
f jfo'ljsfaf6 lg:sg] uf]nf jfo'sf] vfaaf6 zdf x'g] si6 . ~ ;]gf xjfO{;]gf s]6, ld
f6 zq'sf] b]zdf cfqmd0f ug]{ kmf}h . :gfo' gf) x7of]usf cg';f if6\rqmsf] cEof; ubf
{ s08lngdf hDdf x'g] O{8f, lk\unf, ;'if'D0ff cflb axQ xhf gf8sf] ;\ud:yn :gfo's]Gb|
. jf! gf) [;+)] != k|jz ] ug{ gkfpg] u nufOPsf] f]s f]sfj6 k|ltaGw . @= ejg jf xftf
leqaflx ubf{ p3flg] nufOg] vfkf f . #= 9Ssg lasf]{ . $= ;Ktfxsf lbgsf gfdsf] cGtd
g] sfnfjlws ;"rs zAb . (h:tf] cflbTojf, ;f]djf cflb) lbg lbj; . %= cj; df}sf . ^= cf
x]tkm{sf gbsf] lsgf jNnf] lsgf jfl . &= k6skN6 rf]l6 . *= f; y'kf | ] ;d'bfo .
]j . !)= dlbfsf] efF8f] . jf@ k) ;) [kmf)] != zAbsf kl5lNt ufFl;P ;dfgtf t'Notf jf s
sfd ug]{ cy{ a'emfpg] k|Too (h:tf] 5]sjf, vjf, 36jf cflb) . gf) @= cfqmd0f xdnf . #=
k|xf em6ff] . > jfbft gf) != cfsl:ds b'3{6gf eofjx l:ylt . @= lx+;fk"0f{ 36gf dflk6
x'nb\uf . jfkf gf) [jf kf] != gb jf ;8s cflbsf b'j}tkm{sf

1141

jf/Aof/jflQ{s ug{ kfpg] JolQm xsbf . gfdf gf) != sg} sfdsfsf] nflu jf d'2fdfldnfsf
ugf{sf nflu jfl; k7fpFbf k|df0f:jk n]v] lbOg] sfutkq jf lnvt jf];gfdf clVtofgfdf .
pQflwsfkq . ~ kq gf) jfl;gfdf . jf k|To) [kmf) jf O{] gfd zAbsf kl5lNt ufFl;P cfp
tk|Too . (h:tf] dlxgfjf, df:s]jf, kmfF6jf, vjf cflb) . jf?0f lj) [;+)] != j?0f;F
DalGwt . gf) @= kfg hn . #=l;lAnsfgsf] v jf kft . ~ kbs gf) @)@# ;fn h]7 !) ut] :j
) > % dx]Gb|af6 ;+:yflkt, cljlR5Gg kGw| jif{;Dd jf?0foGqdf sfd ug]{ sd{rfnfO{ k
|bfg ulg] kb . ~ oGq gf) ejg, sfof{no cflbdf cfunfu x'Fbf kfgsf] kmf]xf ofFs] ;f] c
fuf] lgefpg] oflGqs pks0f bdsn . jf?0f gf) [;+)] != j?0f b]jtfs kTg . @= klZrd l
bzf . #= dlbf S; . $= b"af] . %= ztleiff gIfqo'Qm, r}q s[i0f qof]bzsf lbg kg]{ Ps
of]u . jf]G6 gf) [c\] != sg} ckfwnfO{ kqmg ;DalGwt cf jf sfof{noaf6 dftxtsf sd{rf
{ ;'lDkPsf] clwsfkq . @= sg} ckfwsf gfpFdf kmf}hbf cfaf6 hf ulPsf] kqmfpk'h{ Ps
dsf] ;dfXjfg jf ;dg . #= sg} JolQmnfO{ tf]lsPsf] sd e'Qmfg ug{ ?lkofF lemSg]af6 ulP
sf] cfb]z . > jf]G6 gf) != sg} tYosf] ljj0f ;To 5 eGg] k|lt1f . @= jfG6 kfpg] JolQm
. jf]; gf) [c) jfl;] x]) jfl; . gfdf gf) jfl;gfdf dGh'kq . jf8{ gf) [c\] != ;+
= k|zf;lgs ljsf; cflb sfd ug{ ;'ljwf x'g] u 5'fOPsf] e"efu ;ldt Onfsf . #= 5fqfjf;
, c:ktfn, h]n cflbsf] v08 jf ljefu . ~ ;ldlt gf) k|zf;g jf r'gfj cflbsf] ;'ljwfsf
b[li6n] gu jf ufpFsf] ;fgf] PsfO jf8{df ul7t jf lgjf{lrt JolQmxsf] ;ldlt . > jf8]
{ g gf) != ;+ Ifs . @= 5fqfjf;sf] ]vb]v ug{ vl6Psf] clwsf . jfl0f{s lj) [;+)] !=
j0f{ jf cIf;Fu ;DalGwt j0f{sf] . @= n]vs . ~ 5Gb gf) j0f{ jf cIfsf] n3'u'? u0fgf ulg]
zf:qo 5Gb j0f{j[Q . jftf{ gf) [;+)] != b'O{ jf ;f]eGbf a9 dflg;sf ar cfk;df ulg
] sfsfg aftlrt . @= j[QfGt xfnva ;dfrf . #= xNnf hg>'lt . $= ljifo k|;\u . %= j0
g';f j}Zohfltn] cFufNg] cfhljsf j}Zoj[lQ j}Zosd{ . nfk gf) sfsfg jftf{ . ~ jfxs
b]zjfxs ;dfrf k'ofpg] b"t . jflQ{s gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifoj:t'sf] pQm, cg'Qm b'?Staf

lsgf jfl kfl . @= yfn]sf sfdsf] ;kmn jf c;kmn kl0ffd sfdsfsf] 6'\uf] . lqm) lj)
lsgffb]lv kNnf] lsgffts . $= Psfltaf6 csf]{lt;Dd . %= Ps 5]pb]lv csf]{ 5]p;Dd . jfAof
f) [kmf) jf ;+) Jojxf] != n]gb]g;Fu ;DalGwt Jojxf aa]axf . @= cfjthfjt d]nldnfk . jf
f) [;+)] kk'?if;Fu cg}lts ;Dks{ fVg] :q j]Zof . jf jf lqm) lj) [;+)] w]} kN6 cg]s
rf]l6 afDaf . jf:q gf) [;+)] j]Zof . jff\ugf gf) jf:q j]Zof . jff0f; gf) [;+
 gbsf dfemdf x]sf] u\ufsf t6df l:yt eftsf] Ps gu agf; sfz . > jff0f;]o lj) j
;DalGwt jff0f;sf] . jff l;\uf]n gf) ;fwf0f prfOsf sk"sf h:tf jf;gfo'Qm kft x'g,]
kfdf k"mn k'mNg], klZrd g]kfnsf] klg k|foM lxdfn e]udf kfOg] Ps v . jffx gf) [;+)]
!= jfx ag]n . @= lji0f'sf b; cjtfdWo] t];f | ] cjtf . lj) #= jfx;DaGw jfxsf] . ~ s
f) jgdf kfOg] sGbd"nljz]if (lu7f], Eofu', jffxsGb) . ~ sNk gf) t; sNkdWo] Ps sNk j
t{dfg sNk . ~ If]q gf) ;'g; lhNnfdf cjl:yt P]ltxfl;s ty{:yn . ~ k'f0f c7f dxfk'f0fd
o] jfx cjtfsf] j0f{g ulPsf] Ps k'f0f . jffx gf) [;+)] != kf]y ag]n e'g . @= jfx
lji0f'sf] zlQm . #= k[Yj . ~ sGb gf) x]) jffxsGb . jfl! gf) of]) [ j] != gb, ;8s cf
bsf] cfk"m ePtkm{sf] lsgfdf gb cflbsf] jNnf] tdf . gf) @= cfk"m ePltsf] lsgf jNnf]
bt6 jf ;8ssf] lsgf . jfl@ gf) [;+)] != kfg hn . @= jiff{ em . h gf) != sdn . @=
lj) #= kfgdf pTkGg x'g] . jflQ lj) [;+)] != f]s nufOPsf] dgfx ulPsf] lglif4 . @= 5
lsPsf] f]lsPsf] . ;flxTo gf) ;fj{hlgs lxtsf b[li6n] k|sfzg ug{ufpg jf k9\gk9fpg dgfx
L ulPsf] ;flxTo ;sfaf6 k|ltalGwt ;flxTo . jflb gf) [;+)] kfgL a;f{pg] tj hnb afbn
w gf) ;d'b| . jflkfl gf) of]) [ jf kf] gb jf ;8s cflbsf] jNnf] kNnf] lsgfdf jfl
f) [c)] != pQflwsf . @= d'2fdfldnfdf sg} kIfsf tkm{af6 sfo{ ug]{ clws[t JolQm k|ltl
glw jf]; . #= d]sf dfG5]sf gfpFdf x]sf] rncrn ;DklQ pkef]u

jf4{sjf;lGts cy{ :ki6 ug]{ efio jf k"s zf:q . (kfl0flgsf] ci6fWofo Jofs0fdfly sfTofo
gn] jflt{su|Gysf] rgf u]sf x'g\) . @= v]t ug]{ JolQm ls;fg . #= Jofkf algofF . $= h
;'; . lj) %= jfQf{;DaGw v]t jf pBf]u;Fu ;DalGwt . jf4{s gf) [;+)] != a'9\ofOF a'9
f}n j[4Qf . @= j[4tfsf sf0fn] lgwf]{ ePsf] JolQm . #= j[4xsf] ;d'bfo jf d08n . >
jf4{So gf) != j[4 x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt j[4fj:yf a'9\ofOF a'9\of}n . @= a9\t j[l4 .
jflif{s lj) [;+)] != ;fnsf] sg} ljlzi6 ltly, ut] jf kj{;Fu ;DalGwt jif{jif{sf] . @=
x]s ;fn x'g] jf ulg] . > >f4 != lkt[sf] d[To'ltlydf k|ltjif{ ulg] Psf]l2i6 >f4 . @=
d[t JolQmsf] jif{ lbg k'u]kl5 cfzf}rd'Qm x'g 5f]fxaf6 ulg] jflif{s >f4 av{ . kLIff
f) ljBfnoxaf6 jflif{s ;qsf] cGtdf x]s jif{ lnOg] kLIff . k|ltj]bg gf) ;sfL jf u};
{no ;+:yfxn] jif{ lbg;Dd ePu]sf] sfdsfsf] hfx]L x]s ;fnsf] cGtdf lbOg] ljj0f .
jflif{s k|ltj]bg . ljj0f gf) jif{el ulPsf sfdsfjfO{sf] a]xf]f jf gfnLa]nL . ;ef
jif{ lglZrt lbgdf ulg] a}7s . xlx;fa gf) sg} ;+:yf jf sfof{no cflbsf] ;fnelsf] cfDbf
Lvr{sf] lx;falstfa . > jflif{sL gf) != x]s ;fn lgoldt kn] ulg] jf ug'{kg]{ sfd . (sg}
:dfs sfo{, >f4 cflb) . @= a;]l { g x'g] sg} k|sfzg . lj) #= jiff{ Ct'sf] jiff{ Ct'
;Fu ;DalGwt . jflif{sf]T;j gf) != sg} ;\3;+:yf, ljBfno cflbn] :yflkt ldlt kf] k|ltjif
{ ug]{ pT;j . @= hGd]sf] ltly kf] x]s jif{ ulg] pT;j . jfx{:kTo lj) [;+)] != j[x:klt;
Fu ;DalGwt j[x:kltsf] . gf) @= j[x:kltsf] gfpFdf ulg] o1ljz]if . jfn! gf) [;+)] k'R
5sf] f}F . jfn@ gf) [g]jf)] af afFWg] 3f]rf] jf sLnf] . jfn# k|To) [kmf) jfnf] sg} vf
zAbx;Fu k5fl8 ufFl;P x]sf], ePsf], sfd ug]{, o'Qm cflb cy{ a'emfpg] k|Too jfnf . (h:
f] v]tLjfn, lhDdfjfn cflb). jfn$ gf) [kmf)] Ps hftsf] df5f] . jfns gf) [;+)] != 7"n
f] 6fpsf] ;fgf kv]6f x'g] Ps hftsf] nfdf] df5f] . @= xfQL, 3f]8f cflb hgfjsf] k'R
5 . jfn; gf) [c\)] pQL w'|jdf kfOg], t]x| lkm6 nDafO b'O{ 6g jhg;Dd k'Ug], tLg lkm6h
t nfdf bfx|f lg:s]sf], afSnf] t f}F gePsf], ux|fux|f k]sf] 5fnf x'g] :tgkfoL hGt' :t
gwfL ;d"xdf kg]{ Ps hgfj . (Ol:sdf] elgg], lxpFdf a:g] dflg;n] l;sf v]n ] o;sf] df;'
vfg] u5{g\) . jfnj gf) [;+)] Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f Ps s0f .
1142

jfnf k|To) [kmf)] sg} vf;, zAb;Fu hf]l8P ePsf], x]sf] jf sg} sfd ug]{ cflb cy{ a'emfp
g] tl4tk|Too jfn . (h:tf] axfnjfnf, xsjfnf, ;flasjfnf cflb) . jfnfu| gf) [;+)] jf:t
'snf jf d"lt{snfdf k|o'Qm x'g] f}Fsf] 6'Kkf]afasf] gfkf] cf7 yw"lnafasf] kldf0f . j
) [;+)] fdfo0fu|Gysf cg';f lslisGwf b]zsf k|l;4 jfgfh jfgsf fhf . jfn'sf gf) [;+)]
foM gbLsf b'j} lsgfdf kfOg], kfgLn] kvflnPsf] 9'\uf cflbsf] ;;fgf afn'jf ]t . @= w"n
f] r"0f{ . jfNdLsjfNdLls gf) [;+)] ;+:s[t efiffsf] cflb dxfsfJo fdfo0fu|Gysf rgfsf
Clif ;+:s[t ;flxTosf cflbslj . > jfNdLsLo lj) jfNdLls;Fu ;DalGwt jfNdLlsn] rgf u]sf]
. jfNn lqm) lj) != sfdsf] rfn gkfpFbf jf lrghfg gx'b F f lhlNnP lanvaGbdf kL lhNn .
ng] rfndf cndNn . jflzi7 lj) [;+)] jlzi7 Clif;Fu ;DalGwt jlzi7sf] . > jflzi7L lj) !=
jlzi7n] rgf u]sf] (sd{sf08k4lt) jlzi7;Fu ;DalGwt . gf) @= jlzi7n] agfPsf] sd{sf08s
f] Ps zfvf . jfik gf) [;+)] tfksf] s8f c; k] jf lgwf{lt tfkqmdn] cfsfzdf p8\g ;Sg] uL
ag]sf] kfgLsf] ablnFbf] k afkm afik . ~ laGb' kfgL ttfpFbf afkm aGg yfNg] tfkqmdsf]
gfk . > jfikLs0f gf) tn j:t'nfO{ afkmsf kdf kl0ft ug]{ sfd . jfikLe"t lj) afkmsf kdf
ft ePsf] . jfikLo lj) afkm;Fu ;DalGwt afkmsf] . jf;! gf) [c\] != lrgL jf :6fr{ ePsf]
sGbd"n . @= kmnk"mn, dx'jf jf cGg kfgL;Fu ld;fO{, sxfO{ S;L kfg{ of]Uo ag]sf] emf
]n . jf;@ gf) [;+)] != a;f]af; ug]{ lsl;dn] agfOPsf] cf]t 3 u[x . @= a;f]af; ug]{ sf
d xg] sfd lgjf; . #= nufpg] sk8f j:q kf];fs . $= x]sf] 7fpF cj:yn . %= af:gf ;'uGw
uGw . &= Ifl0fs cfjf; 8]f . s'6L gf) kfn . ~ u[x gf) a:g] 3 . jf;gf gf) [;+) ] != ;
fls j:t'af6 pknAw x'g] ;'v;'ljwfsf] pkef]u ef]uljnf; . @= OR5f rfxgf cfsf\Iff sfdgf .
#= dfgl;s cg'e"lt efjgf . $= ;+:sfsf kdf cjl:yt k"j{hGdsf] clenfiff cfg'j+lzs ;+:sf .
%= c1fg e|flGt . jf;lGts lj) [;+)] != j;Gt Ct';Fu ;DalGwt jf;GtL . gf) @= ljb"ifs x
f:osnfsf . #= cleg]tf clego ug]{ kfq .

1143

jf;GtLjfxg jf;'bj ] gf) [;+)] j;'b]jsf k'q s[i0f . jf:s6 gf) [c\) j]i6 sf]6] != sf]6,
O:6sf]6 cflb tof ubf{ k|of]udf NofOg] Ps hftsf] afSnf] ;"tL sk8f . @= O:6sf]6 . j
f:tj gf) [;+)] != j:t'tYo oyfy{ sf ;fFrf] egfO . lj) @= ;To oyfy{ jf:tljs . jf:tljs
[;+)] != jf:tjdf x'g] cl:tTj jf tYok"0f{ h:tfsf] t:tf] . @= sfNklgs jf ldYofeGbf l
eGg ;To ;fFrf] . tf gf) jf:tljs x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf j:t'tYotf ;Totf . jf:tf gf) [c
fl;t] != dtna ;f]sf k|of]hg . @= ;DaGw rf;f] . Aof:tf gf) != jf:tf cflb rf;f] vf
lgwL . @= x]ljrf x]rfx . jf:t' gf) [;+)] != 3 agfpg 5'fOPsf] e"ld 38]L . @= 3 ag
NofOg] hu 3 7l8g] cfwf:tDe . #= 3 jf;:yfg ejg cfjf;u[x . $= gofF 3df k|j]z ubf{ jf
z u]kl5 jf:t'b]jtfsf gfpFdf ulg] k"hfcfhf 3k}Frf] . %= ejglgdf{0f ug]{ lzNk jf snf .
^= ejg, k|f;fb, dlGb, 3 cflbsf] ;fd"lxs gfd . ~ sd{ gf) gofF 3df ;bf{ ulg] df\ulns s
d 3k}Frf] . ~ snf gf) ejglgdf{0f ug]{ lzNk jf sflnu8L . sf gf) ejglgdf{0fsf] k];f cF
fNg] JolQm OlGhlgo . ~ b]jtf gf) ejgsf Oi6 b]jtf u[xb]jtf . ~ lj1fg gf) ejglgdf{0fsf]
k|ljlw jf:t'ljBf . ~ ljBf gf) ejg agfpg] zf:q jf:t'snf u[xlgdf{0fsf] zf:q . ~ zflGt
gf) gofF 3df k|j]z ubf{ ulg] zflGt:jl:t cflb d\unsfo{ . ~ zf:q gf) jf:t'ljBf . jf:t]
gf) of]) [c) jfl;t] nflu lglDt vflt . jf:;f gf)x]) af:;f . jfx! lj) af]) [kmf)] != fd
f] sfd ug]n { fO{ :ofaf;L lbFbf jf tflkm ubf{ k|of]u ulg] zAb wGo . @= vfa sfd ug]n
{ fO{ Jo\Uok"j{s elgg] lt:sf;"rs zAb . jfx@ lj) [;+)] != zAbsf] k5fl8 hf]l8P af]Sg],
n}hfg], cf];fg]{ cflb cy{ a'emfpg] kb . (h:tf] jfljfx, hnjfx cflb) . gf) @= klcfPsf
] avt 8f]nL, efL cflb af]Sg] Ps k|sfsf] sd . #= n}hfg] sfd cf];fg]{ sfd . $= af]Sg]
;fwg cf];fg]{ j:t' ofg . %= dflg;nfO{ af]sL cf];fg]{ xfQL, 3f]8f, uf]? cflb kz' .
> jfxs lj) != af]s ] k'ofpg] sfFwdf jf lkl7pFdf af]sL lxF8g \ ] . @= y, uf8f cflb rnf
pg] rfns xFsj f 8fOe . gf) #= efL af]Sg] k];f uL hLljsf ug]{ JolQm elof . $= ;af
olQm (;fly, ;af, 8fOe O)) . jfxg gf) [;+)] != dflg; r9] lxF8\g] ;hLj jf lghL{j

jf;GtL gf) != j;Gt Ct'df x's{g] k'mNg] nxf dfwjL ntf . @= g]jfL k"mn . #= j;Gt Ct'df
dgfOg] pT;j j;Gtf]T;j . $= b'uf{ ejfgL . jf; a]l;g gf) [c\] zf}rfno :gfgu[x cflbdf
pleP wffsf] kfgLn] xftd'v w'gsf nflu leQfdf h8fg ug{ ldNg] uL agfOPsf] lrlgofF df6f
] cflbsf] efF8f] . jf;! gf) [;+)] jf lbj; lbg . @= cf>o:yn 3 #= jjw"sf] k|yd zogfuf
/@ gf) [c\] :6f]e, an cflbdf xfjf eg{ k|of]u ul/g] kDkdf h8fg ul/Psf] 5fnf jf /a/a
f6 lgld{t Ps ;fwg . jf;nft gf) [c) jfl;nft] ;flasjfnfn] cfk"mn] sfd u]sf] ldlt;Dds
f] :ofxf;|]:tf cfDbfgLvr{sf] ;|]:tfn] 7x ePadf]lhd df}Hbft, afFsL, gubLlhG;L hf]
ePsf] ;a} n]lvlbO{ xfnjfnfnfO{ ;'lDkg tof kflg] sfuhft ;?jf x'g] sd{rfLn] a'ema'emfy
ulFbf n]lvlbg] sfuh . jf;j gf) [;+)] != :ju{sf fhf OGb| . @= wlgi7f gIfq . lj) #= j;
' b]jtf;Fu ;DalGwt . bQf gf) != ;'aGw'sf] cfg} sNkgfdf cfwfl/t k| ] d syfTds Ps ;+
: s[ t uBrgf (o; k|]dfVofg / To;sL gflosfsf] syf;l/t\ ;fu/ df kfOg] jT;/fh pbog /
jf;jbQfsf] k|]dfVofg tyf To;sL gflosf;Fu s'g} ;DaGw 5}g) . @= sltko syfdf jl0f{t
Ps k|l;4 uflosf . #= fhf pbogsL fgL . jf; Joj:yf gf) [;+)] a;f]af; ug]{ k|aGw a:g]
7fpFsf] aGbf]a:t . jf;:yfg gf) [;+)] a;fOsf] jf:tljs ynf] a;]sf] 7fpF cfjf;:yn . @=
3 u[x . #= cf>o:yfg yftynf] . jfl;t lj) [;+)] != af:gf cfpg] uL tof ulPsf] ;'ulGwt
n'ufkf];fsn] ;hfOPsf] ;lHht . #= vghf]t, uf]8uf8 ulPsf] cfafbL (e"ld) . $= gfd rn]
sf] k|l;4 . gf) %= rfr'?\uLxsf] ;fd"lxs :j snj . jfl;n lj) [c)] p7tLk'7tL ePsf] c;
] p7fOPsf] (z'Ns, rGbf cflb) . afFsL gf) != c;'n eO;s]sf] afFsL sdsndsf] xlx;fa . @
;|]:tfdf lng]lbg] b'j} yL a;] xlx;fa uL ;xL5fk u]sf] 7f8f] 9kf]6 . > jfl;nft gf) !=
;'npk ePsf] sdsnd p7fOPsf] z'Ns jf rGbf . @= hf] ePsf] ;a} cfDbfgLsf] hf]8 sn cfDbfgL
. #= tf]lsPsf] 7fpFaf6 p7\tLk'7\tL x'g'kg]{ sdsndsf] ;"rL . jfl;i7 lj) [;+)] x]) j
flzi7 . jf;L lj) [;+)] sg} 7fpF a'emfpg] zAbsf kl5lNt ufFl;P ToxfF xg] jf a;f]af; u
g] cy{ a'emfpg] ljz]if0f (h:tf] gujf;L, u|fdjf;L cflb) . jf;'ls gf) [;+)] ci6gfudWo
]sf Ps gfu k|l;4 gfufh .

jfxjfxljsf ;fwg ;fdfg cf];fg]{ ofg ;jfL ofg (3f]8f, aUuL, df]6, xfQL cflb) . @= af]s
g] sfd cf];fg]{ sfd . #= efL af]s] nUg] kz' jf cGo ;fwg . jfxjfx lj) af]) [kmf)] != f
d|f] sfd ubf{ jf lrQa'bf] sfd b]Vbf elgg] k|z+;f;"rs zAb wGowGo . @= vfa jf lgGbgLo
sfd ug]{nfO{ Jo\Uok"j{s lt:sf u] elgg] zAb . > jfxjfxL gf) jfxjfx eGg] efj jf lsl;d
z; + f tflkm . jfxfGrf]6 gf)x]) afGrf]6 . jflxgL gf) [;+)] != b]zsf] afXo zlQm;Fu cf
jZos k]df o'4 ug{;d]t kl5 gx6\g] ;sfL zlQm ;]gf kmf}h . @= ;]gfsf] Ps ljefu . (o; lje
fudf *! xfQL, *! y, @$# 3f]8r9L $)% k}bn ;}Go xG5g\) . lj) #= jflxt ug]{ nUg] aufpg]
(h:tf] pQjflxgL, QmjflxgL cflb) . jflxoft lj) [kmf)] != grflxFbf] cgfjZos kmh'n . @=
sfd gnfUg] 2L lgsDdf . lqm) lj) #= ljgfsf0f lgik|of]hg gfxs . > jflxoftL lj) jflxoft
jfxL lj) [;+)] != dfndQf af]Sg] cf];fg]{ jfxs . @= aUg] aufpg] axfpg] . jfx' gf) [;+)
kfv'f afx' . lj+z gf) [;+)] aL; . > lj+zlttd lj) aL;f}F . lj pk) [;+)] cg]stf, lgif]
w, ljz]iftf, k|ltsntf cflb a'emfpg d"n zAbsf cufl8 hf]l8g] pk;u{ (h:tf] ljkof{o, l
jlgof]hg, ljf]w, ljefu O)) . ljs6 lj) [;+)] != 8nfUbf] eo\s eLif0f . @= cK7]f] sl7
. #= hfg jf k'Ug g;lsg] b'ud { . $= a8]dfsf] g;'xfpFbf] e2f . %= Hofb} gfd|f] sk .
3dG8L ulj{nf] cledfgL . &= l;n] cfFvLef}F tGs]sf] l;fxf . ljsTyg gf) [;+)] cfgf] kf}
o:t} ;fxl;s sfdaf] :jo+ tflkm ug]{ cfbt ldYof k|z; + f. ljsDkg gf) [;+)] != y'y' sfF
g] sfd sFkfO k|sDkg . @= xNng] l:ylt rnfodfg k . ljs! gf) [;+)] != >f4 ubf{ cult k]
>f4sf] lk08 vfg] clwsf gkfPsf d[t aGw'afGwjsf lgldQ lbOg] lk08 jf cGg . @= lafdL c
j:yf ladfL f]u . ' m x'g] z}lIfs ljs@ gf) [c\] != ;foglj1fg cflbdf k|oQ ;fdu|L . @=
yfKg] sfddf jf o:t} k|fof]lus kLIf0f ubf{ pkof]u ulg] ;fwg . ljsfn lj) [;+)] != 8nfU
bf] eo\s eLif0f . @= Hofb} 7"nf] ljzfn . #= pu| k|r08 . ljst{g gf) [;+)] != afa'sf]
vf];] fhf x'g] 5f]f] . @= ;"o{ . lj) #= sqg] . $= sf6\g] 6'S|ofpg] . ljsd{ gf) [;+)]
!= cg'lrt jf lgif4 sfd . @= ljleGg
1144

lsl;dsf] sfd ljljw sd{ . #= cwd{ kfk . lj) $= lglif4 sd{ ug]{ ssdL{ . ~ lqmof gf) lgl
if4 sd{ . > ljsdf{ lj) lglif4 sd{ ug]{ . ljsif{ gf) [;+)] != tfGg] jf l3RRofpg] sf
d . @= af0f . > ljsif{0f gf) != 5'fpg] sfd . @= pN6f] tgfO . ljk) cfsif{0f . #= sfd
b]jsf kfFr af0fdWo] Ps . $= kLIf0f hfFr . ljsn lj) [;+)] != dgdf zflGt gePsf] Jofsn l
Xjn . @= ;Gtf]if gePsf] c;Gt'i6 If'Aw . #= 6'6 ] k'm6]sf] efFlrPsf] etfe'\u . $= k"f
Psf] ck"0f{ cw'f] . %= sd ePsf] gk'u]sf] 36]sf] . ljsng gf) [;+)] != s;}sf] gfpFdf uP
f] sdsnd p;s} gfpFsf] vr{vftfdf n]Vg] sfd . @= cfo jf Joosf] yk36;DaGwL ljj0f hgfp
g] ;|]:tfsf] clen]v . ljsnf gf) [;+)] != rGb|dfsf] snfsf] ;f7Lof}F efu rGb|dfsf] P
s snf . @= snfsf] ;f7L efusf] Ps efu . #= h:jnf x'g 5f8]sL :qL . $= jfUbQf t cljjf
lxtf gfL jfUbfg ePkl5 s]6f] d] ljwjft'No ePsL :qL j}sNof . ljsnf\u lj) [;+)] zLsf]
;fa'b gePsf] c\ue\u ePsf] ckf\u . ljsnLs[t lj) [;+)] != xftv'f efFlrP jf cGo sg} c
eP c;dy{ ePsf] . @= c\ue\u ufO{ sfd ug{ g;Sg] kflPsf] . #= dfgl;s c:j:ytf a]r}gLn]
bf{ ;fdfGotM ljXjn ePsf] . ljsNk [;+)] != klxn] sg} sf ;f]r] km]l To;sf ljkLt cs}{ s
Rg] sfd k"j{ljrfnfO{ Tofu] lnOPsf] gofF ljrf . @= b'O{ jf a9L ljifodWo] sg} Ps ljifo
5fGg] sfd cyjf . #= Jofs0fsf ljifout ljleGg lgoddWo] Pp6f lgod :jLsf ug]{ sfd . $=
cGof}n e|flGt e|d . %= of]uzf:qsf cg';f dgdf ;Gb]x k}bf x'g] lrQj[lQ . ^= k:kljf]wL s
b'O{ ljifonfO{ lnP of] cyjf Tof] eGbf kg]{ cyf{n\sf . > ljsNkg != b'O{ jf Tof]eGbf
w]} j:t'dWo] sg} PsnfO{ f]Hg] sfd ljsNk . @= clgZro ;Gb]x . #= grflxFbf] vfnsf] ts{lj
ts{ . ljslNkt lj) != lgZro gePsf] clglZrt ;lGbUw . @= lgodsf] cg';0f gug]{ clgoldt .
ljs;g gf) [;+)] != k"mnsf] sf]lknf cj:yfaf6 kmqm]sf] cj:yfdf k'Ug] sfd k|km' Nntf
. @= cufl8 a9\g] sfd pGglt . ljsl;t lj) [;+)] != kmqm]sf] k'mn]sf] k|k'mNn . @= v';L
ePsf] k|;Gg . #= j[l4 ePsf] xNs]sf] . ljs:j lj) [;+)] != k'mn]sf] ljsl;t . @= rlDsnf
] 6nsbf emndnfpFbf] . gf) #= ljz]if sfnfO{ ;fdfGo sfn] k'li6 ubf{ kg]{ Ps sfJofn\sf
f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' jf kbfy{sf] k, u'0f cflbdf

1145

ljsfzljqmo k|lqmof . ~ lrq gf) ljls0fsf] k|of]uff lnOg] lrq . ~ k|ljlw gf) ljls0ff
t'sf] lrq ptfg]{ k|lqmof . ~ lj1fg gf) ljB'Ts0fLo ljls0f;DaGwL cWoog ulg] lj1fg . l
jsL0f{ lj) [;+)] != 5lPsf] 5k'l:6Psf] lkmFlhPsf] @= lkmFhfOPsf] . #= k|l;4 ljVoft .
'~rg gf) [;+)] v'DRofpg] jf df]8\g] sfd . ljs'l~rt lj) [;+)] v'lDrPsf] emf]lNnPsf] r
fpL k]sf] . ljs[t lj) [;+)] != lau|]sf] ljsf k}bf ePsf] ljsfo'Qm . @= cbnabn ePsf]
'g k'u]sf] kljlt{t . #= c:jfefljs ck|fs[lts . $= cw'f] ck'f] . %= k lau|s ] f] ] f]
ePsf] sk e2f . > ljs[tfj:yf gf) != lau|s jf c\ue\u ePsf] l:ylt . @= f]uu|:t cj:yf
[lt gf) [;+)] != :jfefljs jf k|fs[lts kaf6 leGg vfnsf] k g;'xfpFbf] cfs[lt sk . @= l
auf vfaL . #= kDkfut dfGotf, wf0ff jf ljZjf;df cfPsf] kljt{g . $= Jofs0fdf d"n wft'
js[t eO{ ag]sf] zAbk cke|+z . ~ lj1fg gf) zfLls ljsfaf6 x'g] f]usf] ljj]rgf ulPsf]
ulj1fg . ljs]Gb|Ls0f gf) [;+)] != zf;gsf] zlQm jf ;Qf s]Gb|Lo :tdf dfq ;Lldt guL c~r
n, lhNnf ufpF tx;Dd k|Tofof]hg ug]{ sfd . @= :yfgLo ;d:ofx ;'NemfO{ ;d'lrt kdf k|z
f;g rnfpg ;lsof];\ eGg] p2]Zon] x'g] ;sfljifos sfo{ tyf pQbfloTjsf] :yfgLo ;sfdf ljef
hg . ljqmd gf) [;+)] != kfqmd axfb'L jLtf . @= tfut ;fdYo{ zlQm . #= lxF8fOsf] k|To
fg sbd . $= ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps . %= lji0f' O{Zj . ^= ljqmd;+jt\ rnfpg] k|l;4 Ps fhf lj
mdflbTo . &= ljqmdflbTon] k|rngdf NofPsf] ;+jt\ ljqmd;+jt\ . ~ ;+jt\ gf) ljqmdflbT
on] rnfPsf] ;+ j t\ g] k fndf rn] s f] ;+ j t\ ljqmdfAb . > ljqmdflbTo gf) != ljq
md;+jt\sf k|jt{s Ps zlQmzfnL fhf . @= eftsf u'Ktj+zLo ;d|f6\ rGb|u'Ktsf] pkflw . l
jqmdfAb gf) ljqmd;+jt\ . ljqmdL lj) != kfqmdL jL . @= ljqmdflbTo;DaGwL . gf) #= ljqmd
;+jt\ . ljqmdLo lj) != kfqmd;DaGwL . @= ljqmdflbTo;Fu ;DalGwt . #= ljqmd;+jt\sf] .
ljqmo gf) [;+)] d"No lnP sg} j:t' lbg] sfd laqmL . ~ s gf) laqmLsf] d"Nosf cfwfdf ;
cg'dltk|fKt ;+:yfn] p7fpg] z'Ns . ~ k~hL gf) k|ltlbgsf] laqmL cflbsf] ljj0f n]Vg]
axL . ~ kq gf) dfn;fdfg laqmL ubf{ To;sf] ljj0f, b, df]n cflb n]lvPsf] sfuhft (Sof
;d]df]) . ~ n]v gf) 3 jf hUufhldg cflbsf]

cfpg] kljt{g kfGt0f . @= lau|s ] f] l:ylt vfa ePsf] cj:yf . #= cbnabn x]km] kljt
{ljrf, dfGotf ljZjf; cflbdf b]vf kg]{ cbnfabnL . %= clgi6 sf jf kfksd{lt lrQj[lQ nfU
g] sfd . ^= cnfO{ hfg] jf ghfg] lauf ug]{ sfd . > ljsfL lj) != sg} lsl;dsf] ljsf k}
sf] ljsfo'Qm . @= ablng] :jefjsf] kljt{gzLn . #= dgdf fu, ]if cflb ljsf pTkGg ePsf]
f) $= ;f7L ;+jT;dWo]sf] Ps ;+jT; . ljsfz gf) [;+)] != b]vfpg] sfd k|s6Ls0f k|bz{g . @
pHofnf] k|sfz rxs . #= km}nfj6 lj:tf . $= a9\tL j[l4 . %= cfsfz . ^= cfsf\Iff pT;'s
. > ljsfzL lj) != k|s6 x'g] b]lvg] . @= k'mNg] v'Ng] . ljsf; gf) [;+)] != qmdzM a9\b
} jf ;'lw|b F } uPsf] l:ylt pGglt . @= pQf]Q k|ult qmlds kljt{g . #= x's]{sf] jf ;k|]
sf] cj:yf j[l4 . $= k"mn cflbsf] k'mnfO . %= lj:tf km}nfj6 . ~ C0f gf) ;sfsf tkm{af6
g'dltk|fKt Aof\s jf ;+:yfaf6 ljsf;vr{sf nflu lgwf{lt ;dodf lkmtf{ lbg] k|lt1fkg;lx
t tf]lsPsf] Aofh lbg] uL p7fOg] C0f . ~ sfo{ gf) b]zsf] ljsf; jf pGglt ug]{ sfd lgd
f{0fsfo{ . ~ vr{ gf) ljsf;sf sfo{df ulg] ;sfL vr{ . ~ ah]6 gf) ljsf;sf sfo{x;Fu ;DalG
t ah]6 ljsf;of]hgf;DaGwL cfoJoo . ~ d"ns lj) ljsf;nfO{ k|dv ' k|fyldstf lbOPsf] ljsf
; g} k|wfg nIo ePsf] . ~ of]hgf gf) b]zsf] rf}tkmL{ ljsf;sf nflu cNksfnLg jf bL3{
sfnLg cjlw tf]s] ;sf jf ;Da4 lgsfoaf6 ulg] gLltth{'df jf k"j{of]hgf . jfb gf) Pp6}
tjaf6 jg:klt, j[If, hLjhGt' cflb qmdzM a9\b} cfPsf x'g\ eGg] Ps j}1flgs l;4fGt 8f
la{gff k|ltkflbt k|f0fLxsf] pTklQ / ljsf;;DaGwL ef}lts l;4fGt . jfbL lj) ljsf;jfbsf]
cg'ofoL . zLn lj) qmdzM ljsf; x' F b } uPsf] . > ljsfl;t lj) != km}nfOPsf] lj:tflt
. @= k'mn]sf] ljsl;t . #= b]vfOPsf] k|blz{t . ljsf;L lj) != ljsf; x'g] jf ug]{ ljsf;
ePsf] ljsl;t . @= ljsf; ufpg] . #= ljsf;zLn . ljsf;] lj) j} 1 flgs k| l jlwaf6 ljs
f; ulPsf] pGgt . ljsf;f]Gd'v lj) != ljsf;sfo{df cl3 ;]sf] ev{ev{ ljsf; x'g nfu]sf]
;lt nDs]sf] (b]z) . @= cljsl;t ljsl;t cj:yfsf] bf];fFwdf x]sf] cNkljsl;t . ljls0f gf
[;+)] != 5g]{ jf lkmFhfpg] sfd . @= dfg]{ sfd lx+;f . #= af]w 1fg . $= 5lPsf w]} ls0
fnfO{ Ps} 7fpFdf ;d]6] s]lGb|t ug]{ sfd . %= ljleGg c;fwf0f ls0f h:t} Ifls0f, cNkmfl
cflbsf] pTklQ x'g] lqmof ~ pkrf gf) ljls0fsf] k|of]u u] f]usf] pkrf ug]{

ljqmfGtljg ;'qmLlaqmLdf a]xf]f, ;t{ cflb n]lvPsf] sfuhft fhLgfdf . > ljqmofy{ lj) laq
Lsf lglDt flvPsf] jf k7fOPsf] laqmL ulg] a]lrg] . ljqmoL lj) != laqmL ug]{ a]Rg] . gf
@= Jofkf ug]{ JolQm JofkfL ;fx" . ljqmfGt lj) [;+)] != cfF6 ePsf] lxDdtL ;fx;L kf
@= ljho ug]{ ljh]tf lhTg] . gf) #= sbd kfOnf] . $= o'4 ug]{ JolQm of]4f . %= l;+x .
~ ult gf) fd|f] rfnn] lxF8\g] JolQm ;'Gb lxF8fO ePsf] k|f0fL . ljqmL gf) [;+)] != df
]n lnP sg} j:t' p;s} ef]urngsf nflu lbg] sfd a]Rg] sfd ljqmo laqmL . @= Ps j:t' lbP T
;sf] abnfdf csf]{ j:t' lng] sfd ljlgdo . ~ s gf) sg} dfn;fdfg laqmL ubf{ d"Nosf cfwfd
f nfUg] jf p7fOg] z'Ns . > ljqmLt lj) laqmL ePsf] a]lrPsf] . gfdf gf) rncrn ;DklQ l
aqmL ubf{ n]lvPsf] sfut . ljqm]tf gf) [;+)] != laqmL ugf{sf nflu lsGg] ;+:yf . @=
a]Rg] dflg; . lj) #= laqmL ug]{ a]Rg] . ljq]mo lj) [;+)] != laqmL ug{ nfos a]Rg of
]Uo . @= laqmL ug{ flvPsf] laqmL x'g] . ljIft lj) [;+)] != rf]6k6s nfu]sf] 3fOt] 3fon
. gf) @= 3fp rf]6k6s rf]6 . ljIf0f gf) [;+)] nuftf r'x'g] sfd k|;|j0f . ljlIfKt lj)
+)] != lbdfu 7]ufgdf gePsf] ax'nfPsf] kfun . @= cflQPsf] cfsn Jou| . #= otfplt l5lnPs
] l5lqPsf] 5lPsf] . $= Tofu ulPsf] 5f]l8Psf] ToQm . %= ofFlsPsf] ldNsfOPsf] . ljIf'
[;+)] dgdf l:ytf jf zflGt gePsf] ctflnPsf] Hofb} If'Aw . ljIf]k gf) [;+)] != otfplt
5s{g] sfd l5Ng] sfd . @= x'ofpg] sfd ofFSg] k|lqmof . #= lrQ l:y gx'g] l:ylt ljXjnt
x6 . $= ljg afwf . > ljIf]k0f gf) != ofFSg] sfd x'ofpg] sfd . @= lkmFhfpg] sfd km}nf
. #= c8\sfp cjf]w . $= 3afx6 cTof; . ljIff]e gf) [;+)] != dgsf] cl:ytf jf czflGt dfg
pb\j]u . @= sg} gfd|f] 36gfn] jf ;Defljt qf;n] ubf{ dgdf k}bf x'g] ljsf cft\s 3a8fx6
. ljv08g gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' v08v08 jf 6'qmf6'qmf x'g] lqmof jf l:ylt . @= rfgx 6'
lqmg] jf rls{g] k|lqmof . ljvl08t lj) [;+)] != v08v08 kflPsf] 6'qmf6'qmf agfOPsf] vl
08t . @= c+zefu nufOPsf] ljeflht . #= 3fOt] kflPsf] c\ue\u ulPsf] . $= v08g ulPsf] (
) . ljVoft lj) [;+)] gfd rn]sf] k|l;4 . > ljVoflt gf)
1146

ljVoft x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf k|l;l4 . lju7g gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' kUnFb} hfg] sfd b|j
Lejg . @= ;fd"lxs cjl:yltaf6 6'qmf6'qmf uL 5'lFb} hfg] sfd cnUofO . ljut lj) [;+)] !
= lat]sf] uPsf] ctLt . @= lat]sf] ;doeGbf klxn]sf] ut ;doeGbf klg k'fgf] . #= la5f]8
ePsf] cnlUuPsf] ljo'Qm . $= dl;s]sf] d[t . %= gePsf] lxt ljxLg . ~ fu lj) ;f+;fl
x gePsf] fu jf jf;gf 5'6]sf] ljQm . ljult gf) [;+)] vfa ult b'u{lt b'b{zf . ljung
)] != kUng] jf uNg] sfd b|jLejg . @= r'xg ' ] sfd If0f . #= sdhf]L lzlyntf . zLntf
kUng] jf uNg] :jefj . ljulnt lj) [;+)] != r'lxPsf] tKs]sf] . @=kUn]sf] un]sf] . lj
u|x gf) [;+)] != 5'fpg] sfd cnUUofpg] sfd . @= snx emu8f lj]if . #= 6'qmf v08 ljef
Jofs0fsf lgodcg';f of}lus zAb, ;d:t kb jfSo cflbsf] JofVof ugf{sf lglDt ltgnfO{ cn
ucnu kfg]{ jf 5'fpg] sfd . &= fhgLltzf:qdf k|rlnt iff8\u'0odWo] Ps . *= cfsf k cfs[l
> lju|xL lj) != emu8f ug]{ emul8of . @= k|f0fL zLL . #= 5'fpg] cnUofpg] . lj36g l
lj3g] != sg} ;\3;+:yf, clwj]zg cflbnfO{ e\u jf cGt ug]{ sfd vf]hL . @= gfz vtd ;df
#= cnucnu kfg]{ sfd 5'fpg] sfd . $= tx;gx; kfg]{ sfd . %= kmf]g]{ jf tf]8\g] sfd .
lj3l6t lj) [;+)] != lj36g ulPsf] e\u ulPsf] vf]h ulPsf] (;\u7g cflb) . @= cnUofOP
f] . #= tx;gx; kflPsf] l5GgleGg ulPsf] . $= tf]8kmf]8 ulPsf] kmf]lPsf] . lj3g gf) [
!= 3f]6g \ ] jf u8\g] sfd lkFwfO . @= p3fg]{ jf vf]Ng] sfd . #= cnUofpg] jf 5'fpg] s
fd . > lj3gLo lj) lj3g ug{ of]Uo . lj3t gf) [;+) lj3ft] != b'i6fOF pkb|f] . @= gf]S;f
L xflg . lj3ft gf) [;+)] != 3fpvl6f cf3ft . @= xTof jw df . #= 6'S|ofpg] sfd l5Ggle
g] sfo{ . $= f]Sg] k|of; arfj6 . > lj3ftL != afwf k'ofpg] sfd k"f x'g glbg] k|ltaGws
@= xToff 3fts . ljg gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf] yfngLdf jf aLrdf ;f] sfd g} layf]Ng] uL c
Ok]sf] 36gf ckzsg . @= afwfc8\rg c8\sfp f]sfj6 . #= ljf]w zq'tf . sfL lj) ljg
g]{ sfd layf]Ng] . ~ lj3ft gf) ljgafwfnfO{ x6fpg] sfd afwfc8\sfpsf] lgfs0f .

1147

ljrIf0fljr]i6 dgsf] cfzo k|s6 ug]{ :jtGqtf . ljrffTds ljrfn] o'Qm ljrf k'ofP ulPsf
ffwLg lj) sg} sfdsfaf] ljz]if ;f]rljrf k'ofpg afFsL flvPsf] ljrf k'ofP 6'u \
sf] (ljifo) . ~ ljrffy{ lj) ljrfljdz{sf nflu afFsL flvPsf ;;Nnfx u] 6'\uf]df k'Ug
lbdf flvPsf] . ~ ljrff:kb lj) ljrf k'ofpg'kg]{ ljrf0fLo . ~ ljrflt lj) dgg ulPsf]
'ofOPsf] ;f]lrPsf] . ~ ljrfL lj) != ljrfug]{ lrGts ljrfs . @= 3'dlkm ug]{ . gf) #=
ldnfsf] lgrf]8lvr] GofofwLznfO{ cjut ufpg] jf ldl;ndf x]sf sf oyfy{ ;'gfpg] vbf;xsf
cbfntL kb jf bhf{ . ~ ljrff]2Lks lj) ljrf pQ]lht ufpg] ;f]Rg nufpg] . ljrfng gf) [;+)
!= xNnfpg] sfd sDkg k}bf ufpg] sfd . @= Ps 7fpFsf] j:t'nfO{ csf]{ 7fpFdf k'ofpg] s
fd lj:yfkg . ljlrq lj) [;+)] != w]} \u ePsf] cg]s \usf] \uLr\uL \uLla\uL .
f}7f] cb\e't ljnIf0f . #= ;fdfGoeGbf ksf] c;fwf0f . $= fd|f] ;'Gb dgf]x . gf) %=
;daf6 kmn l;4 ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n\sf . > ljlrqs lj) != cgf}7f] cb\e't ljnIf0f . gf) @=
cfZro{ tfh'a . #= ef]hkqsf] v ef]hkq . $= czf]sj[If . zfnf gf) P]ltxfl;s k'ftflj
'xsf] ;\u|x x]sf] ejg ;\u|xfno Do'lhod chfoa3 . ljlrlqt lj) w]} \u ePsf] \ul
f) [;+)] dgdf sf v]nfOxg] sfd lrGtf lkmqmL . @= dfgl;s ts{ljts{ ;f]rljrf . > ljlrGtg
j) ljrf ug{ nfos dggof]Uo ljrf0fLo . ljlrGTo lj) [;+)] != ljz]if lsl;dn] lrGtf ug'k {
g]{ lrGtgLo zf]rgLo . @= fd|f] lsl;dn] x]ljrf ulPsf] ]vb]v ulPsf] . #= ;Gb]xo'Qm
ljr"0f{ lj) [;+)] fd|f];Fu lkFwL w"nf] kflPsf] dl;gf] t'NofOPsf] . ljr]t lj) [;+)] !
= r]t jf xf]; gePsf] ;'4L xfPsf] a]xf]; . @= d]sf] d'bf{ d[t . #=ljj]s gePsf] d"v{
> ljr]tg lj) != r}tGo u'ds ] f] xf]; jf r]t gePsf] a]xf]; cr]t . @= la;{g] cfbt ePs
f] lj:d0fzLn . #= ljj]s xfPsf] d"v{ . gf) $= r]tgflxt x'g] efj jf lqmof ;+1fz"Go l:yl
lgZr]tg . ljr]i6 lj) [;+)] != r]i6f gePsf] ;+1fxLg lgZr]i6 a]xf]; . @= rNgrnanfpg g;
Sg] crn l:y . tf gf) ;+1fxLgtf ultz"Gotf . > ljr]li6t lj) !=k|of; ulPsf]

ljrIf0f lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifosf] ljz]if1lgk'0f . @= a'l4dfg\ rt'f] rnfs . #= 1fgu'g
Psf] ljfg\ kl08t . $= rlDsnf] rxsbf . tf gf) ljrIf0f x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt j}rIf0o
og gf) [;+)] != hDdf ug]{ sfd Psq ug]{ lqmof . @= uj]if0ff vf]hL . ljr0f gf) [;+)] !=
3'dlkm ug]{ sfd e|d0f lxF88'n . @= lglZrt 7fpFdf k'Ug lxF8\g] sfd udg . lj) #= r0f j
f kfp gePsf] (5Gb, JolQm cflb) . ljrlt lj) [;+)] != 3'dlkm u]sf] otfplt 3'd]sf] . gf)
@= e|d0f ljr0f ko{6g . ljrng gf) != sfFKg] sfd sDkg . @= cl:ytf r~rntf . #= cx\sf
j}w kaf6 ;;fdfg cfoftlgof{t uL ulg] Jofkf cflb sfd . %= cfgf] k'fgf] 7fpF 5f8] c 7
'Ug] lqmof . ljrlnt lj) [;+)] != cfgf] nIo, :yfg cflbaf6 x6]sf] st{Joaf6 Ro't . @=
r~rn cl:y . #= t;]s { f] cflQPsf] . ljrf gf) [;+)] != sg} ;d:of, ljifo jf l:yltaf] u
;f]Rg] sfd dgdg} ulg] lrGtg dgg . @= dgn] ;f]r]sf] jf ;f]r] 6'\uf] nufPsf] sf] ;\s
= dgsf] ;f]rfO dgsf] cg'el" t . $= tjkLIff tfljs ts{ljts{ . %= jfbL k|ltjfbLsf k|df
a'em] ;DalGwt If]qaf6 d'2f l5Gg] sfd km};nf . ^= ;To c;To sf 5'fpg] a'l4 ljj]s . &
v x]ljrf . lqmofk'qLnfO{ aGw'ju{sf tkm{af6 vfg lbOg] l;wf 3f]t . (= zf]sdf k]sf JolQm
nfO{ ;DemfO{ a'emfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg] sfd . klt gf) GofofwLz . > ljrfs lj) != ;f]rljrf u
g]{ dgg ug]{ . @= bfz{lgs dLdf+;fzf:qdf lgk'0f dLdf+;s . gf) #= GofofwLz . $= gfos
. %= u'Ktr . ~ uf]i7L gf) sg} ljifoaf] cfk;L ljrfsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ a}7s ;]ldgf .
!= GofofwLz . lj) @= ljrf k'ofpgdf szn . ljrf0fLo lj) != ;f]Rg nfos ljrf ug'k { g]
tgLo . @= z\sf:kb ;lGbUw . wff gf) != ljrfsf] z[\vnf ;f]r;dem ;Nnfx ;'emfp . @=
jf cfly{s l;4fGt;Fu ;DalGwt ljrfk|jfx . #= cfg'j+lzs jf kDkfk|fKt ;f]rfO . jfg\ lj)
ljrf ePsf] ;f]Rg ;Sg] a'l4dfg\ . ~ ljdz{ gf) != kDkfdf ljrf jf ts{xsf] cfbfgk|bfg
sfd 5nkmn ;;Nnfx . @= kIfljkIfdf uP ;f]Rg] zlQm . zLn lj) fd|L ;f]rljrf ug]{ Ifdt
dggzLn . ~ ;0fL gf) ljrfsf] k|jfx;f]rfOsf] txtx . :yn gf) != sg} ;d:of jf ljifoaf]
ug]{ 7fpF . @= cbfnt Gofofno . ~ :jftGo gf) klcfPsf] ;d:of jf ljifosf af]df cfgf] cg'
;f]rljrf ug]{ cfgf]

ljR5Gblj1ft d]xgt k'ofOPsf] . @= vf]htnf; ulPsf] vf]hL ePsf] . #= ljrf gk'ofO{ ulPsf
ljR5Gb lj) [;+)] != 5fF6 gldn]sf] g;'xfpFbf] . @= 5Gb gldn]sf] 5Gb g aGbsf] . #= w
]} lsl;dsf 5Gb ePsf] ljljw 5Gbsf] (dxfsfJo cflb) . gf) $= w]} n, v08 jf sf]7f ePsf]
7"nf] ejg . ljlR5lQ gf) [;+)] != cnUUofpg] jf 5'fpg] sfd ljR5]b cnUUofO . @= sdL Go"g
f cw"f]kg . #= :qLsf] z[u \ flk|o xfpefp gfLsf] r]i6fe]b . ljz]if gf) != c\ufu .
] cfsif{s r]i6f xfpefp . ljlR5Gg lj) [;+)] l5GgleGg kflPsf] sf6] 5' fOPsf] 6'qmf6'q
fOPsf] . @= tx;gx; kflPsf] kmfFl8Psf] . ljR5]b gf) [;+)] != cnUUofpg] sfd ;Dks{xLgtf
. @= sf6] 6' q mf6' q mf kfg] { sfd 6' S | o fOPsf] l:ylt . #= l;nl;nfsf] cefj qm
de\u . $= la5f]8 ljof]u . %= aafbL gfz vtd . > ljR5]bs lj) l5GgleGg kfg]{ 6'So | fpg
ks{ 6'6fpg] . ljR5]bg gf) != Kjfn kfg]{ jf 5]8\g] sfd f]k0f . @= sf6] 6'S|ofpg] jf 5
'fpg] sfd . #= la5f]8 cnUofO ljof]u . $= rfg k'ml;|g] rfn . ljR5]bgLoljR5]B lj) sf6]
s uL 6'So | fpg nfos 5'fpg of]Uo . ljhg lj) [;+)] != s]xL klg gePsf] lgh{g . @= sf]nf
n gePsf] dflg;sf] cfjfudg gx'gfn] xNnf gePsf] PsfGt . gf) #= lgh{g 7fpF PsfGt :yn .
ljho gf) [;+)] != n8fOFdf zq'kIfnfO{ xfpg] sfd o'4df x'g] lht . @= jfbljjfb, k|lto
f]lutf, afhL cflbdf kfPsf] ;kmntf jf lht ho lhtafhL . #= ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps . ~ lrXg
gf) o'4, k|ltof]lutf cflbdf lht ePsf] lrgf] ljhosf] lrGgn . ~ l8l08d x]) ljho b'Gb
'le . b'Gb'le gf) n8fOFsf ;dodf lht ePkl5 ahfOg] Ps lsl;dsf] k|frLg afhf . ~ ktfs
f gf) n8fOFdf zq'kIfnfO{ xfP lht ePkl5 kmxfOg] emG8f jf Wjhf ljho;"rs lrXg . ~ d'xt "
{ gf) != sfd ;'? ug{ Hof]ltifzf:qn] lbPsf] df\ulns ;do jf If0f . @= o'4df hfFbf n
8fOF lhTg pT;fx lbg] k|:yfg;do . ~ ofqf gf) zq'kIf jf o:t} ljkIfnfO{ lhTg] sfdgfn
] ulg] ofqf jf k|:yfg k|ltof]lutf, o'4 cflbdf ljho k|fKt ePkl5 ulg] pT;j . ~ nIdL gf
) o'4 cflbdf ljho lbnfpg] b]jL ljho>L . zfn gf) Hofb} alnof] sf7 x'g] Ps hftsf] v lj
ho;f . ~ >L gf) ljhonIdL . ;f gf) ljhozfn . l;l4 gf) o'4 cflb lht]sf] ;Demgfdf v8f
sf] :dfs jf :tDe 0f:tDe ho:tDe . ljhof gf) [;+)] != b'uf{ ejfgL b]jL . @= b'uf{ jf kf
{tLsL
1148

;vL . #= o'4 cflbdf ljho k|fKt u]kl5 dgfOg] pT;j ljhof]T;j . $= ljhofbzdL b;}F . ~
bzdL gf) != cflZjg z'Sn bzdL . @= To; lbg gjb'uf{sf] k|;fb cflb nufO{ lxGb"xn] dgf
pg] pT;j b;}F b;}s F f] 6Lsfsf] lbg . ~ xf]d gf) ;GGof; lnFbf ug'k { g]{ wfld{s sd{
. ljhofyL{ lj) [;+)] ljho rfxg] lhTg OR5's . ljhof:q gf) [;+)] o'4df ljho lbnfpg]
xltof jf c:q . ljhoL lj) [;+)] != ljho k|fKt ug]{ lhTg] ljh]tf . gf) @= o'4, v]nsb, j
fbljjfb cflbdf ljho k|fKt ug]{ JolQm . ljhof]T;j gf) [;+)] != ljho k|fKt u]kl5 To;
pknIodf dgfOg] pT;j ljhosf] pNnf;do jftfj0f . @= ljhofbzdLsf lbg dgfOg] pT;j b;}F
. ljhof]kxf gf) [;+)] ljhosf] :d[lt:jk lbOg] jf flvg] j:t', pkxf (l;N8, sk O)) . ljhn
lj) [;+)] != kfgL gePsf] hnlxt lgh{n . gf) @= kfgL gePsf] cj:yf jiff{sf] cefj v8]L ;
f . ljhNk gf) [;+)] != ;fFrf]em"6f] jf ePgePsf] p6k6f sf asjfb . @= b'i6tfk"0f{ sfsf
{iof{k"0f{ jftf{nfk . > ljhlNkt lj) != elgPsf] . @= asas ulPsf] . ljhft lj) [;+)] !
= k}bf ePsf] hGd]sf] pTkGg @= hft gldNbf afa'cfdfaf6 k}bf ePsf] j0f{;\s l7dfxf . #= c
}{ kdf ablnPsf] kljlt{t . ljhflt lj) [;+)] != cs}{ hftsf] leGg hfltsf] . @= leGg lsl;
dsf] cs}{ vfnsf] . gf) leGg hflt cs}{ ju{ . > ljhftLo lj) cs}{ hftsf] kms hft ePsf] l
GghftLo . ljlhuLiff gf) [;+)] lhTg] OR5f ljho k|fKt ug]{ rfxgf . > ljlhuLif' lj) !=
ljlhuLiffsf] rfxgf ug]{ lhTg OR5's . @= lgjf{rg, k|ltof]lutf cflbdf ljlzi6 lsl;d
n] ljhoL x'g rfxg] (dxjfsf\IfL JolQm) . ljlht lj) [;+)] caf6 lhltPsf] xf]sf] kflht
]tJo lj) [;+)] lhTg nfos lhTg ;lsg] . lj1 lj) [;+)] != ljz]if kn] hfGg] hflgkmsfkf]V
@= ljfg\ kl08t . #= ;dembf ljj]sL a'l4dfg\ . gf) $= ljz]if1tf xfl;n u]sf] JolQm .
gf) != lj1 x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ljz]if1tf . @= a'l4dfgL . lj1Kt lj) [;+)] != elgPs
f] atfOPsf] ;"lrt . @= lj1fkg ulPsf] k|rfk|;fdf NofOPsf] . lj1lKt gf) [;+)] != ;j{;f
sf] hfgsfLsf nflu k|rf;fwgaf6 hgfp lbg] sfd ;"lrt ug]{ sfd . @= lj1fkg ;"rgf hgfp . #
= sg} dxjk"0f{ ljifoj:t'sf af]df ]l8of], klqsf cflb k|rf;fwgaf6 hfgsfL lbnfpg] sfd .
j1ft lj) [;+)] != hfgklxrfg ePsf] yfxf kfOPsf]

1149

lj1fgljtx JolQmljz]ifsf] rlqnfO{ pkxf;sf kdf lnP n]lvPsf] sfJo pkxf;sfJo . @= p:t} kf
q p:t} clego fvL To;df s]xL pkxf;sfs j:t' hf]8L k"js { fJosf] xF:;L p8fpg agfOPsf]
sfJo Ps k|sfsf] sfJoz}nL . > lj8DagLo lj) != cg's0f ug{ nfos . @= pkxf;of]Uo luHofpg
;'xfpg] . lj8DaL lj) [;+)] lj8Dagf ug{ of]Uo lj8DagLo . lj8fn gf) [;+)] lafnf] . lj
8\jfx gf) [;+)] ;'Fu' . ljt08f gf) [;+)] != csf sf g;'g] cfgf] dfq} sf dfly kfg]
. @= lgy{s ts{ jf sf] asjfb . #= ljgfsf0fsf] em}emu8f Joy{sf] afemfafem . jfb gf)
mn] lhTgsf nflu k|ltlqmofjfbL kd} eP klg lgy{s cldNbf ts{ k]; ug]{ l;4fGt lgy{s plQm
, k|To'lQm sk|rf . @= Joy{sf] emu8f grflxFbf] snx . ljtt lj) [;+)] != ;kf6 k]sf]km}l
f] lkmFlhPsf] lj:t[t . @= 5f]lkPsf] 9flsPsf] . #= sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] sfdsf] l;4 ePsf] .
gf) $= lutf jL0ff . ljty lj) [;+)] != tYo gePsf] em"7f] ldYof .@= grflxFbf] Joy{ lg
jfbL lj) em"6f] af]Ng] ldYofjfbL . > ljtYo lj) tYoxLg em"6f] ldYof . ljts lj) [;+
ljt0f ug]{ afF8kmfF8 ug]{ . gf) @= Jofkfsf If]qdf pTkflbt j:t'xsf] laqmL cflbsf] k|
aGw ug]{ ;+:yf jf JolQm . ljt0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' tf]lsPcg';f afF8\g] sfd afF8r'F
8 . @= k|bfg ck{0f ;dk{0f . #= sg} gbL cflb tg]{ sfd kf ug]{ sfd . ljtlt lj) [;+)] !
fFl8Psf] ljt0f ulPsf] @= k|bfg ulPsf] lbOPsf] . #= tflPsf] kf ulPsf] . ljts{ gf)
} ts{ jf egfOsf] v08g jf ljkIfdf k|:t't ulg] ts{ ts{dfly p7fOPsf] ts{ . @= ljrf dgg ;
f]rfO . #= z\sf;Gb]x b'lawf . > ljts{0f gf) != ts{ jf ljts{ ug]{ sfd ax; jfbljjfb . @
;Gb]x z\sf . ljtls{t lj) != ljts{ ulPsf] . @= jfbljjfb ulPsf] . ljtSo{ lj) ts{ jf lj
f ug{ nfos . ljtn! gf)x]) latf]n . ljtn@ gf) [;+)] != k[YjLeGbf tnsf ;ft nf]s (ctn,
ljtn, ;'tn, tnftn, ;ftn, dxftn, kftfn)dWo] Psk[YjLeGbf d'lgsf] slNkt nf]s . @= sg}
7fpFsf] 7Ls pN6f] 7fpF k|ltnf]d . ljtl:t gf) [;+)] afx| c\u'nsf] gfkf] jf:t' jf d"lt
{snfdf k|o'Qm x'g] Ps laQfafasf] kldf0f laQf . ljtx gf) [lj tx] != tx gldn]sf] l:ylt
sf] gk6]sf]
~ sfJo gf) !=

hflgPsf] . @= gfd rn]sf] k|l;4 k|Voft . > lj1ftf lj) 7Lsa]7Ls 5'fpg ;Sg] fd|f] lsl;d
hfGg] lj1 . lj1fg gf) [;+)] != ef}lts ljifosf] tj, l;4fGt cflbsf] k|of]ufTds ljj]rg
f ulPsf] zf:q . @= ljlzi6 1fg k|1f . #= ljj]s a'l4 . $= O{Zj cfTdf . %= af}4 dtsf cg'
;f cfTd:jksf] 1fg . do lj) != lj1fgn] o'St . @= k|1fdo 1fgL . do sf]z gf) j]bfGtzf
f cg';f a'l4 1fg]lGb|oxsf] ;d'bfo . jfb gf) != ef}lts 1fg jf lj1fgnfO{ dfq ;jf{lws
dxj ePsf] dfGg] dt jf l;4fGt . @= j:t'nfO{ ;Qf gdfgL 1fgnfO{ dfq d'Vo ;Qf dfGg] a
f}4 bz{gsf] l;4fGt . jfbL lj) lj1fgjfbsf] cg'ofoL lj1fgjfbdf ljZjf; fVg] . > lj1fgL
lj) != lj1fgdf kf]Vt lj1fgj]Qf j}1flgs . @= sg} ljifosf af]df ljz]if 1fg fVg] . #= cf
Tdf kdfTdf:jksf] tj1fg hfGg] . lj1fks lj) [;+)] != hgfp lbg] lj1fkg ug]{ k|rfs . @
pg] ;"rgf lbg] yfxf lbg] . #= k|rf;fwgxdf lj1lKt lbg] . lj1fkg gf) [;+)] != ;sfL jf
:tdf ;]jfcfof]usf dfWodn] jf cGo kdf sg} sfdsf, ;]jfk|j]z jf kbk"lt{sf lglDt cfj]bgk
qsf] cfXjfg cflb ug{ ;j{;fwf0f hgtfnfO{ hfgsfL x'g] uL k|rf ulPsf] ljz]if ;"rgf . @=
atfpg] sfd hgfp lbg] sfd . #= ljqmLof]Uo dfnxsf] k|rfk|;fsf nflu ]l8of] cvaf cflbaf6
Og] hfgsfL . bftf gf) klqsf, lrq cflbdf lj1fkg 5kfpg lbg] JolQm lj1fkgsf] sfddf vl6
Psf] JolQm . ~ ;]jf gf) ]l8of]af6 kmdf{o;L jf cGo uLtxsf] u'~hgsf ;fy} aLraLrdf lj1
fkgsf] sfd;d]t ug]{ ;]jf . > lj1fkgLo lj) lj1fkgof]Uo k|rf ug{ nfos . lj1flkt lj) [;
+)] lj1fkg ulPsf] k|rf ulPsf] . lj1fKo lj) [;+)] != lj1fkg ug{ of]Uo lj1fkgLo . @= k|
y{gf lgj]bg . lj1]o lj) [;+)] fd|f; ] u F hfGg'kg]{ hfgsfL fVg'kg]{ hfGg of]Uo . lj6
[;+)] ef]uljnf;df Hofb} ;+nUg sfd's nDk6 . @= w"t{ rnfs . #= ePsf] wg;DklQ G8LafhLd
f p8fO;s]sf] JolQm . $= gf6ssf] Ps xf:okfq . lj6k gf) [;+)] != v j[If . @= xfFuf] zf
vf . > lj6kL gf) v af]6 j[If . lj8Dag gf) [;+)] != lj8Dagf . @= 5j]z . #= Sn]z . $= h
n;fhL . %= pkxf; . ^= gSsn . lj8Dagf gf) [;+)] != b]vfl;sL gSsn cg's0f . @= luHofpg]
jf xf]Rofpg] sfd lv;Ll6pL . #= wf]vf 5nsk6 . $= b'Mv si6 kL8f . %= pkxf; 7f .

ljtfgljb]zL k . @= cUnf]xf]rf] gldnfOPsf] hUuf ;Dd gldn]sf] 7fpF . ] lt km}nfpg] sf

d km}nfj6 lj:tf . ljtfg gf) [;+)] != k'uh @= dlGb cflbsf] leqL efudf sf]7fdfly 6fFlug
] rfsg] \uLr\uL sk8f rFb'jf . #= kfn . $= df}sf cj; . lj) %= vfnL lQf] z"Go . ^=
g z7 . ljtfn lj) [;+)] tfn gldn]sf] a]tfnsf] . ljt'if lj) af]qmf 5f]8fOPsf] af]qmf ge
Psf] e'; jf s; ofFlsPsf] . ljt[i0f lj) [;+)] t[i0ff jf lt;{gf gePsf] sfdgfd'Qm lg:k[x
. > ljt[i0ff gf) != t[i0ff gePsf] l:ylt t[i0ffsf] cefj ;Gtf]if . @= gfd|f] vfnsf] t[
i0ff . ljQ gf) [;+)] != wgdfn hfoh]yf ;DklQ cy{ P]Zjo{ . @= ;fdYo{ zlQm . lj) #= pknA
k|fKt . $= kLIff ulPsf] hfFlrPsf] . ~ cfof]u gf) vr{ar{ cy{;DaGwL Joj:yf ldnfpg u7g
ulPsf] ;ldlt . ~ k|aGws gf) fHosf] cfoJoo, fh:j cflbsf] ;d'lrt ]vb]v Joj:yf ldnfpg]
fL sd{rfL . ~ dGqL gf) cy{dGqL . ~ ljw]os gf) k|ltlglw;ef;dIf flvg] cfoJoo;DaGwL cfly
{s ljw]os . ~ ;lrj gf) cy{;lrj . ~ ;fwg gf) fHo jf ;+:yf cflbn] gub wg k|fKt ug]{ e
f}lts j:t' . ljQLo lj) [;+)] ljQ;DaGwL cfly{s . ljj0f gf) cy{;DaGwL sff]afsf] n]vfh
f ljQ;DaGwL ljj0f . ljb\ lj) [;+)] != 1ftf hfGg] hflgkmsf . @= ljfg\ kl08t . #= zAb
5fl8 ufFl;P hfGg], lj1 cflb cy{ a'emfpg] zAb (h:tf] gLltljb\, zf:qljb\, lzIffljb\ cf
lb) . gf) $= 1fg a'l4 . %= a'wu|x . ljbUw lj) [;+)] != Hofb} 89]sf] kf]lnPsf] . @=
ksfOPsf] kSj . #= vfP krfO;lsPsf] xhd kflPsf] . $= pb\e6 ljfg\ kl08t . %= ;\udf e'
. ^= l;kfn' rt' lgk'0f . tf gf) ljbUw x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt klG8TofOF rft'o{ . > ljb
gf) xfjefjff cfsif{0f ug{ la5 l;kfn' :qL efje\uLn] kk'?ifnfO{ cfslif{t kfg]{ gflosf .
ljbe{ gf) [;+)] eftsf] blIf0fklZrd fHodf kg]{ Ps k|frLg fHo (clxn]sf] afIf]q) . ljbn
[;+)] != lrflrf kflPsf] lrlPsf] . @= kft gePsf] bnxLg . #= k'mn]sf] k|k'mNn . gf) $
fF;sf] rf]ofsf] 6f]sL af:s]6 . %= xfFuf] . ^= 6'qmf] . &= df8\g] jf bNg] sfd . > l
jbng gf) != a];L df8\g] jf bNg] sfd . @= lrg]{ jf kmfg]{ sfd . ljblnt lj) != kmflPsf
] lrf kflPsf] . @= k'mn]sf] kmqm]sf] . #= a];L dfl8Psf] jf blnPsf] . ljbfs lj) [;+)]
sf7sf d'9f cflbnfO{ aGrf] jf To:t}
1150

;fwgn] 6'S|ofpg] lrf kfg]{ lrg]{ . @= 9'\uf cflb kmf]g{] . #= si6 lbg] leqleq} ;tfpg]
(h:tf] x[boljbfs) . ljbf0f gf) [;+)] != sf7sf bfpf, d'9f cflb 6'S|ofpg] sfd lrf kfg
jf lrg]{ sfd . @= 9'\uf cflb s8f j:t' 6'S|ofpg] sfd kmf]fO . #= b'Mv jf si6 k'ofpg]
Jojxf ;tfpg] sfd . $= xTof df0f jw . %= n8fOF o'4 . ljbflt lj) [;+)] != aGrf], sf
n] 6'S|ofOPsf] kmf]lPsf] (bfpf, d'9f cflb) . @= 3g cflbn] kmf]lPsf] (9'\uf cflb) . #=
b'Mv jf si6 k'ofOPsf] ;tfOPsf] . F{ f nlqP kmNg] sleG8f] e'Os F{ l eG8f] . ljbfL g
+)] != e'Od @= zfnk0fL{ gfd u]sf v . #=nxfsf] hf]gL{hf]gL{df kmNg] Ps k|sfsf] kmn lu7
f] . $= jffxLsGb . ~ sGb gf) ss{nfsf h:tf kft x'g] nxfsf km]bdf kmNg], 5fof] \usf], e
'; x'g] Ps k|sfsf] kmn e'O{FsleG8f] . ljlbs\ gf) [;+)] b'O{ lbzfsf] aLrsf] sgf] ljlbz
pklbzf . ljlbt lj) [;+)] != yfxf kfOPsf] hflgPsf] 1ft cjut . @= gfd rn]sf] k|l;4 k|Vo
t . #= hgfOPsf] ;"rgf lbOPsf] ;"lrt . gf) 1fg ljj]s . %= ljfg\ JolQm . ljlbzf gf) [;+
)] != b'O{ lbzfsf] aLrsf] sgf] cfUg]o, g}C{To, jfoJo O{zfg gfdsf rf pklbzf ljlbs\ .
@= dWo eftsf] clxn] e]n;f elgg] Ps k|frLg ;x . ljbL0f{ lj) [;+)] != lrkmf u]sf] ofs
] (sf7, d'9f cflb) . @= 6'S|ofOPsf] kmf]]sf] (9'\uf cflb) . #= si6 lbOPsf] ;tfOPsf]
. ljb' lj) [;+)] != cfgf] sfd k6fpg l;kfn' rnfs rt' . @= hfGg]a'g] hflgkmsf lj1
#= ljfg\ JolQm . $= w[tfi6sf ljdft[tkm{sf sfG5f efO kg]{ Ps 1fgL k'?if . ljb'ifL gf
) [;+)] != fd|f] k9]n]v]sL :qL ljfg\ :qL . lj) @= fd|f] k9]n]v]sL (:qL) . ljb"ifs gf)
[;+)] != gf6sdf cgf}7f] lsl;dsf] j]ze"iff, rfnrng sfsfgL cflbaf6 cnfO{ xF;fpg] Ps
76f}nf] kfq gf6ssf] xf:osnfsf gfossf] 7f ug]{ Ps ;fyL . lj) @= sfd laufllbg] e|i6 kf
. #= ufnL ug]{ ;tfpg] . $= d'Vo kdf xflg k'ofpg] bf]if k'ofpg] . ljb"if0f gf) [;+)]
= cnfO{ bf]if lbg] sfd bf]ifff]k0f . @= jftfj0fdf k]sf] gfd|f] k|efj . ljb"lift lj)
)] != lau|]sf] ;8]un]sf] slxPsf] . @= bf]if nufOPsf] aft nufOPsf] cleo'Qm . #= x]nf u
lPsf] ckdflgt lt:s[t . ljb]z gf) [;+)] cfk"m hGd]xs ' s {] f] b]zeGbf leGg b]z csf{sf
b]z kfO{ d'n's . ljb]zL lj) [;+)] != csf{sf] b]zsf] ljb]zdf tof ePsf]

1151

ljb]xljb|f]x ljBf>d gf) [;+)] a;f]af; vfgkfgsf] ;d]t k|aGw ePsf] ljBfno u'?sn (af]l8
{) . ljBf:gfts gf) [;+)] != ljZjljBfnoaf6 pkflw k|fKt JolQm . @= pRr lzIff xfl;n u]
sf] JolQm . lj) #= pRr lzIff k|fKt u]sf] . ljBfxLg lj) [;+)] ljBf gePsf] jf gk9]sf
] ckl7t cgk9 . ljB't \ gf) [;+)] != avf{sfndf afbn nfu]sf] a]nf cfsfzdf lemlnSs rDs
g] Ifl0fs k|sfz lah'nL . @= k|sfz, tfk, cfsif{0f cflb k}bf ug{ ;Sg] ljlzi6 j}1flg
s lqmofaf6 pTkGg ufOg] zlQm lah'nL . #= r6f jh| r6\sf] lrsf]{ . ~ cf3ft gf) != C0ff
jB'Q\uaf6 wgfTds ljB'Q\ult ljB'Q\u k|jflxt x'g] k|lqmof . @= ljB'Q\un] rf]6 k'ofp
> ljB'tf0f' gf) sg} f;folgs of}lusnfO{ kfgLdf 3f]Nbf wgfTds tyf C0ffTds kdf0f' lj36g
eO{ 5'lP ag]sf] kdf0f'oQ ' m ljB't\ . ljB'tLs0f gf) ;a}lt lah'nL;]jf pknAw ufpg] s
~ pmhf{ gf) ljB'ta \ f6 k|fKt x'g] zlQm . ~ PsfO gf) ljB'tz \ lQmsf] Go"gtd kldf0f o
'lg6 . ~ skf] { ; ] g gf) ljB'tz \ lQmsf] pTkfbg ljt0f ug]{ lgud lah'nLcf . ~ 3ft g
lah'nLsf] s]G6af6 lbOg] k|f0fb08 s]G6sf] :kz{af6 x'g] d[To' . ~ lrlsT;f gf) lah'nLsf
] s]G6ff ulg] pkrf . ~ t\u gf) b";~rfsf] k|0ffnL ;~rfng ulg] ljB't\r'Daso'Qm t
. ~ bz{s gf) ljB'Q\usf] ult b]vfpg] oGq lah'nLsf] vkt b]vfpg] ld6 . kft gf) cfsfza
r6f v:g] sfd jh|kft . k|flws/0f gf) lah'nL c8\8f . ~ ljts gf) != lah'nL pknAw ufpg
f . ~ zlQm gf) kfgL, sf]Onf, t]n cflbsf] j}1flgs k|of]uaf6 k|fKt x'g] pmhf{ . ~ :
tDe gf) lah'nLsf] tf hfg] vDaf kf]n . ljB'Gdfks gf) [;+)] lah'nLsf] zlQm, j]u cflb g
fKg] oGq lah'nLsf] vkt gfKg] ld6 ljB'2z{s . ljB'Gdfnf gf) [;+)] !=nx} hl8Psf] lah'nLs
f] k|sfz . @= x]s kfpdf b'O{ du0f b'O{ u'? x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . ljB'Nntf gf) [;+)
] cfsfzdf lah'nL rDsFbf b]lvg] gfua]nLh:tf ljleGg ]vf . ljBf]kfh{g gf) [;+)] ljBfs
f] cfh{g ljBf xfl;n ug]{ sfd lzIffk|flKt . ljb|lw gf) [;+)] zLsf df;'sf ufF7f kLk el/
sf] 3fp ca'{b /f]u . ljb|d ' gf) [;+)] vsf slnnf kft kfn'jf . @= sf]lknf] . #= d'uf
k|afn . ljb|fx ] gf) [;+)] != ;sfsf] sfo{;~rfngdf afwf k'ofpg] jf fHonfO{ ljkmn kfg]
{ p2]Zon] ulPsf] 7"nf] pkb|j ljKnj

jf ag]sf] csf]{ d'n'ssf] (sk8f, dfn cflb) . @= ljb]zL ;sf, Ph]G6 jf bnfnff :yfkgf ulP
f] jf rnfOPsf] (;+:yf, ;\u7g, xNnf cflb) . d'bf | gf) csf]{ b]zsf] d'bf | csf{sf]
b]zdf rn]sf] ?lkofFk; } f . ~ nufgL gf) sg} b]zsf] pBf]u, Joj;fo cflbdf ljb]zaf6
ulPsf] nufgL . zq' gf) zq'sf b]z jf fHosf] gfuls . ljb]x lj) [;+)] != zL gePsf] .
xf]; cr]t . #= d]sf] d[t . gf) $= ldlynfb]zsf k|l;4 kf}fl0fs fhf hgs . %= ldlynf du
znfO{ hgfpg] k|frLg gfd . lj4 lj) [;+)] != Kjfn kflPsf] 5]b ufOPsf] 5]l8Psf] . @= 3fO
t] c\ue\u ePsf] cfxt . #= 6fFl;Psf] hl8Psf] . ljBdfg lj) [;+)] != x]sf] cjl:yt df}
fg . @= pkl:yt xflh . #= hf] ePsf] oyfy{ k|ToIf . tf gf) ljBdfg x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf
] sfd pkl:ylt . ljBf gf) [;+)] != lzIf0f ;+:yfaf6 jf :jfWoogaf6 xfl;n ulg] 1fg k9fOff
cfh{g ulg] a'l4 . @= sg} ljifoaf] j0f{g jf ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q lj1fg . #= tGqdGq tGqz
:q . $= OGb|hfn;DaGwL sd{ hfb' 6'gf . %= b'uf{ ejfgL . > ljBfud gf) 1fgsf] pknlAw ljB
fk|flKt . u[x gf) kf7zfnf ljBfno . bfg gf) k9fpg] sfd cWofkg lzIf0f . b]jL gf)
fsL clwi7fqL b]jL . w gf) Ps b]jof]lghflt (uGwj{, lsGg cflb) . ljBflwb]jtf gf) ;:jtL
. ljBfg';]jg gf) ljBf k9\g] jf k9fpg] sfd ljBfWoog . ~ klifb\ ljZjljBfnosf] k|fl1s g
Lltaf] lg0f{o ug]{ clwsfk|fKt ;ldlt (ofsN6L af]8) { . kL7 gf) != lzIffk|bfg ug]{ 7"n
f] k|d'v s]Gb| . @= pRr :tsf] lzIff lbg] ljBfno dxfljBfno SofDk; . ljBfEof; gf) ljBf
sf] cWoogdgg ug]{ sfd . ~ dlGb gf) kf7zfnf ljBfno ljBfu[x . ljBfDe gf) kfFr jif{ jf T
;sf] nueudf afnsnfO{ cIffDe ufpg] ;+:sf iff]8z ;+:sfdWo] Ps ;+:sf . ljBfh{g gf) lzI
l;n ug]{ sfd ljBf k9\g] sfd ljBfk|flKt . ljBfyL{ gf) [;+)] != lgoldt kn] ljBfsf] cfh
{gdf nfluxg] JolQm lzIf0f;+:yfdf cWoogt JolQm 5fq lzio . @= sg} ljifoaf] vf]hcWoog u
JolQm ljfg\ . lj) #= ljBf k9\g rfxg] . ~ ;\u7g gf) ljBfyL{xsf] xs lxtsf nflu ljBfyL
xaf6 agfOPsf] ;\3 jf ;\u7g ljBfyL{xsf] ;ldlt . ljBfno gf) [;+)] k9\g] k9fpg] 7fpF
nf :s'n . ljBfjfg\ lj) [;+)] != w]} ljBf k|fKt u]sf] ljfg\ . ljBfjfllw gf) [;+)] tf
f] of]Uotf k|fKt u]kl5 ;DalGwt ljZjljBfnoaf6 cg'dlt lnO{ cg';Gwfgk"0f{ zf]wu|Gy t
of u] :jLs[t ePdf lbOg] ljz]if pkflw kLPr\)8L) .

ljlR5f]dl0fljlw qmflGt . @= zf;g;Qf jf ;sfnfO{ kN6fpg] sfd . #= 7"nf] ljf]w s8f zq't
$= egfa}L em}emu8f . %= l; cfj]z ]if tLj| O{iof{ . > ljb|fx ] fTds lj) ljb|fx ] jf
km}nfpg] ljf]w ug]{ zflGtdf vnn kfg]{ . ljb|f]xL lj) != ljb|fx ] ug]{ afuL ljKnjL q
GtsfL . @= ]if ug]{ O{iof{n' l; b]vfpg] . ljlR5f]dl0f gf) [;+)] ljfg\xdf >]i7 Jol
jfg\ JolQm . @= g]kfndf clxn];Dd cf}krfls kaf6 b'O{ ljfg\ (:j) x]dfh kf08] :j) snrG
uf}td) nfO{ k|bfg ulPsf] Ps ;Ddfg . ljHhg gf) [;+)] a'l4ljj]s ePsf] JolQm ljfg\ kl08t
. ljQd lj) [;+)] != ;aeGbf a9L ljBf sdfPsf] k|sf08 ljfg\ . gf) @= lzj dxfb]j . ljQf
[;+)] != ljfg\ x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf l:ylt kfl08To . @= ljj]s a'l4 cSsn . #= 1fg . l
jTklifb\ljT;ef gf) [;+)] ljfg\xsf] ;ef jf ;ldlt . ljb\ju{ gf) [;+)] ljfg\xsf] ju
ljb\jl [ Q gf) [;+)] != ljfg\nfO{ hLjgofkgsf nflu lbOg] ;fjlws cfly{s cg'bfg . @=
lzIff cflb ;]jfdf sfo{t JolQmnfO{ clu|d of]Uotf k|fKt ug]{ df}sf lbOFbf lbOg] yk
cfly{s ;'ljwf (km]nf]l;k) . ljfg\ lj) [;+)] != w]} ljBf cfh{g u]sf] Hofb} lzlIft kl08
. @= zf:qsf] dd{ a'g] tjj]Qf tj1 . gf) #= w]} n]vk9 u]sf] JolQm kl08t . lj]if gf
= cfk;L dgd'6fj j}efj zq'tf . @= ljf]w emu8f . #= ]if O{iof{ 8fx . > lj]ifslj]if
8fx ug]{ O{iof{n' Ovfn' . ljwd{ gf) [;+)] != cfk"mn] dflgcfPsf] wd{b]lv leGg wd{ csf
{sf] wd{ kwd{ . lj) @= vfa 3[l0ft slT;t . #=u'0f gePsf] lgu'{0f . > ljwdL{ lj) != c
d{sf] lj?4 cfr0f ug]{ wd{Ro't wd{e|i6 . @= ljwd{sf] cg';0f ug]{ kwdL{ . #= ssdL{ cw
ljwjf gf) [;+)] klt d]sL :qL fF8L . ~ ljjfx gf) ljwjfn] k'glj{jfx ug]{ sfd ljwjfsf]
jjfx . > ljwjf>d gf) cf>oxLg ljwjfxsf] e0fkf]if0f ug]{ 7fpF ljwjfx a:g] cf>d . ljwf g
) [;+)] != c+z lx:;f efu . @= sfObf tlsf z}nL . #= sfJo jf ;flxTodf k|rlnt vf;vf; lji
fo, k|sf jf lsl;d (h:tf] gf6ljwf, sljtfljwf, syfljwf O)) . $= sfdsfh Jojxf . %= pRrf0
ljlw pRrf0f . ^= sfd u]afkt kfOg] lgwf{lt sd tna j]tg . &= ;[li6stf{ O{Zj a|Xdf .
;nl;nf f]n . (= ljrfsf] s]Gb|Lo k d'Vo ljrf . !)= nIo p2]Zo .
1152

ljwftf lj) [;+)] != sfdsfsf] rfFhf]kfFhf] ug]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg] k|aGws . @= ;[li6 ug]{
gdf{tf . gf) #= Joj:yf ldnfpg] JolQm . $= ;[li6 ug]{ JolQm . %= a|Xdf . ^+ O{Zj .
&= k|fAw efUo . *= ljZjsdf{ . (= sfdb]j . ljwfg gf) [;+)] != k|fDe ulg] sfdsf] k"j{o
f]hgf sg} sfdsfsf] cfof]hg . @= sfdsf] rfFhf]kfFrf] Joj:yf k|aGw . #= agfpg] sfd lgd
f ;+rgf . $= k4lt ljlw k|0ffnL . %= fHo jf ;sfn] ;do;dodf b]zsf] cfjZostfcg'sn agf
godxsf] ;\u|x P]g sfg'g . ^= fHo;Qfsf] ;~rfng ug]{ ;jf]R { r lgod;\ux | zf;gljwfg
fg . &= sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, ;\u7g cflbsf] ;~rfngsf nflu tof kflPsf] sfo{ljlw jf lgodfjnL
. *= sfdsfh Jojxf . (= wd{zf:qsf] cfb]z j]bjfSo a|XdjfSo . cg';f lqm) lj) ljwfgn] b
Pcg';f ljwfgsf kllwleq x] . 1 lj) ljwfgsf] dd{ hfGg] P]gsfg'gsf] 1ftf . ~ klifb\
lg b]zsf] k'fgf sfg'gxsf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ gofF sfg'gsf] th'{df ug]{ lgjf{lrt jf dgf]g
Lt k|ltlglwxsf] ;ef ljwfg agfpg] klifb\ tNnf] ;bg eftsf] k|fGtLo ;sfdf ul7t k|ltlgl
. ~ d08n gf) ljwfg agfpg] ;ef ljwflosf ;ef . jfb gf) ljwfgsf] ;Ldf kllwleq xg] l;4
jf dt . jfbL lj) ljwfgjfbsf] cg';0f ug]{ . ~ ;ef gf) ljwfgklifb\ ljwfgd08n ljwflos
ef Joj:yflksf . ljwfos lj) [;+)] != sfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ ljwfg agfpg] (Joj:yflksfs
f] ;b:o). @= Joj:yf ldnfpg] k|aGws . gf) #= ljwfgklifb\ jf ljwflosf ;efsf] k|ltlgl
w ;b:o Joj:yflksfsf] lgjf{lrt jf dgf]gLt ;b:o tNnf] ;bgsf] hgk|ltlglw . ljwfog gf)
[;+)] Joj:yflksfff P]gsfg'gsf] lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd . ljwflosf lj) [;+)] gf) != fHosf] z
f;g;~rfngsf nflu k|foM hgtfaf6 r'lgPsf] k|ltlglw;ef ;sfsf tLg c\u (sfo{kflnsf, Gofok
flnsf ljwflosf) dWo] Ps c\u Joj:yflksf ;ef tNnf] ;bg . @= ljwfossf] :qLln\uL k . ;
f) ljwflosf k|ltlglw;ef Joj:yflksf . ljwfoL lj) [;+)] != ljwfg agfpg] P]gsfg'gsf] lg
df{0f ug]{ ljwfos . @= Joj:yf ldnfpg] k|aGws . sfo{ gf) ljwflosfaf6 ;DkGg ulg] ljwfg
lgdf{0f cflb sfd P]gsfg'g agfpg] sfd . ljlw gf) [;+)] != sfdsf] ug]{ tlsf k|0ffnL L
}nL . @= cfb]z cf1f lgif]wsf] pN6f] k . #= rfFhf]kfFrf] Joj:yf k|aGw . $= wd{zf:q jf
k|fdfl0fs u|Gyxdf atfOPsf] zf:qLo lgod . %= cfr0f Jojxf .

1153

ljw'ljgf ug{sf nflu k|:t't ulg] sfg'gsf] k|fk jf sfg'gsf] d:of}bf k|ltlglw;efdf k];
ulg] P]gsf] k|:tfljt k d:of}bfsfg'g . @= fi6sf] ;jf]R { r zf;saf6 :jLs[t x'ge ' Gbf k
"js { f] sfg'gL d:of}bf jf P]gsf] k|fk . ljw]ofljdz{ gf) [;+)] eGg'kg]{ sf] jf d'Vo
cfzo blag hfFbf kg]{ Ps ;flxlTos jfSobf]if . ljWo lj) [;+)] 5]8\g nfos Kjfn kfg{ o
f]Uo . ljWog'sn " lj) [;+)] ljlw jf sfg'gsf] b[li6af6 sg} lsl;dsf] q'l6 gePsf] P]g
sfg'gsf ;a} a'Fbfx kfng ulPsf] . ljWj+; gf) [;+)] != eo\ssf] gfz ljgfz 5f:6 :jfxf
= eo\s;Fu gfz ePsf] ljgi6 . > ljWj+;s lj) ljWj+; ug]{ ljgfzs . sfL lj) ljWj+;s . l
g gfz ug]{ sfd 7"nf] cft\s dRrfpg] lqmof tx;gx; ljWj+; . jfb gf) rf}lt czflGt dRr
P]gsfg'gnfO{ g} vnn kfg]{ dt jf l;4fGt ljWj+;sfL lqmofsnfkdf nfUg] dt . jfbL lj) l
jWj+;jfbsf] cg'ofoL . > ljWj+;L lj) ljWj+;sfL etfe'\u kfg]{ ljgfzs . ljgt lj) [;+)] !
6'Kkfaf6 e'O; F{ Dd nq]sf] g'xs ] f] em'ss ] f] . @= ljgd| ljgoL ljgLt . ljglt gf) [
;+)] != cfbefp;lxtsf] k|fy{gf lgj]bg laGtL . @= cfk"mnfO{ k]sf] kLdsf{af]sf] ph' .
befp b]vfpg] sfd gd|tf . ~ kq gf) laGtLkq lgj]bg . ljgtf]b lj) [;+)] != k]6 ;'s]sf] j
a;]sf] sk|f] k]sf] sk|] . @= aLrdf vfN8f] k]sf] . ljgd| lj) [;+)] != Hofb} g'xs ] f
gd| ljgLt . @= em'ss ] f] emf]lnPsf] nRs]sf] . ljgo gf) [;+)] != g'xs ] f] jf em'ss
] f] efj gd|tf . @= ;Hhg x'gfsf] efj lzi6tf eb|tf . #= k|fy{gf cg'f]w laGtL . $= OlG
|onfO{ jz ug]{ k'?if lht]lGb|o . %= zf;g lgoGq0f . lk6s gf) af}4 leIf'xsf] lgod cg'
f;g;DaGwL ljifo n]lvPsf] Ps af}4 u|Gy lqlk6sdWo] Ps . zLn lj) gd| :jefj ePsf] ;'zLn
ljgoL . > ljgoL lj) ljgo ePsf] ljgozLn ljgd| . ljgZj lj) [;+)] != gfz x'g] :jefjsf] g
zzLn . @= ;w}F gxg] clgTo Ifl0fs . tf gf) gZjsf] cefj ljgZj x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt
] k|sl[ t gZjtf . ljgi6 lj) [;+) ] != ljgfz ePsf] gi6 ljWj:t . @= lau|]eTs]sf] ljs[t
. #= d]sf] d[t . $= lu]sf] e|i6 kltt . ljgf gf) of]) [;+)] gfd zAbsf] cufl8 jf k5fl8
geO{sg, lxt, cefjdf cflb cy{ a'emfpg] zAb (h:tf] ljgfsfd p2]Zoljgf O)) geO{sg lxt ce
f .

^= sd{ k|fAw efUo . &= P]gsfg'g ljwfg . *= rgf lgdf{0f . (= ;[li6sf b]jtf a|Xdf . >
ws lj) ljlw jf sfg'g;Fu ;DalGwt sfg'gcg'sn . ut lj) ljlwcg'sn P]gsfg'g;Fu ldNg] .
o lj) ljwfgn] sg} afwf gkg]{ j}w . u|fXo d'b|f gf) C0f e'QmfgL ugf{sf nflu ljwfgn] d
fGotf lbPsf] d'b|f . 1 lj) ljwfg hfGg] P]gsfg'gsf] dd{;Fu kllrt sfg'gj]Qf . ~ lgod g
) of] ug'{x'G5 of]rflxF x'Fb}g eGg] lgod P]gsfg'g jf zf:qsf] lgod . ~ lgif]w gf) !
= ljlw lgif]w ug{ x'g] gx'g] sfsf] lgb]{z . @= sfg'gff ulPsf] lgif]w ljlwsf] lgi
kfdzL{ gf) ;sfnfO{ ljlw jf sfg'g;DaGwL ;Nnfx lbg] kbflwsfL . ~ kfns lj) ljlw jf sfg'
sf] klkfng ug]{ sfg'gsf] kllwleq xg] . ~ k"j{s lj) ljlwljwfgcg';f . ~ e\u gf) ljlw
' g sf] pNn\ 3 g sfg' g sf] pk] I ff jf cjx] n gf sfg'gljkLt Jojxf . ~ dfGo lj) sfg'g
Ddt ljlwn] lbPsf] ljlw;Ddt k|rlnt P]gsfg'gdf afwf gkg]{ . jt\ lqm) lj) ljlw jf sfg'g
sf] kllwleq xg] uL ljlwk"j{s sfg'gcg';f . jzft\ lqm) lj) cs:dft ;+of]ujz crfgs
ljwfg gf) != sd{sf] kmn efUosf] n]vf . @= sfg'gL Joj:yf P]gsfg'g . #= ;a} c\u k'u]sf
] sfdsf] . ~ ljko{o gf) != sd{ jf k|fAwn] 7lug] sfd b'ef{Uo cefu . @= P]gsfg'gsf] l
fnrng . ~ ljlxt lj) != ljlw jf lgodcg'sn " ulPsf] lgodn] lbPsf] . @= P]gsfg'gcg';f ul
sf] . j]Qf lj) ljlw jf sfg'g hfGg] (JolQm) . ~ ;lrj gf) ljlw jf sfg'gsf ;DaGwdf ;sfn
fO{ ;Nnfx lbg] ;sfL pRr kbflwsfL sfg'g;lrj . ~ :gfts lj) ljlw jf sfg'g ljifosf] :gfts
Iffdf pQL0f{ sfg'gj]Qf . gf) @= sfg'g hfGg] JolQm . ljw' gf) [;+)] != rGb|df h"g .
@= a|Xdf . #= lji0f' . $= sk" . %= jfo' . ljw' lj) [;+)] != :jf:gL d]sf] k'?if fF8f]
@= b'Mv kfPsf] si6ef]uL . #= cflQPsf] Jofsn ljXjn . $= ljkIfdf nfUg] ljf]wL . ~ bz{g
f) != 8nfUbf] jf cfklQhgs sf] b]lvg] sfd eofjx b[Zo . @= czflGt . ~ ljjfx gf) kTgL d]
l5 kltaf6 ulg] k'glj{jfx . ljw]o lj) [;+)] != ug'{kg]{ sfd ug{ nfos st{Jo . @= lgodff
hflgg] ljlwff yfxf kfOg] . #= cf1f kfng ug]{ cf1fkfns . gf) $= ug'{kg]{ sfd st{Jo sd{
. %= Jofs0fsf cg';f p2]Zo jf stf{sf af]df elgg] sf] jfSo k"0f{ ufpg] kb . ljw]os gf
)] != Joj:yflksf jf ljwflosf;efdf kflt

ljgfosljGWo ljgfos gf) [;+)] != ljgafwf zdg ug]{ Oi6b]jtf u0fklt u0f]z . @= gfOs] dfl
s gfos g]tf . #= sf7df8f}F pkTosfleqsf k|l;4 rf ljgfos (eQmk'df ;"ol{ jgfos, rfalxnd
f rGb|ljgfos, sf7df8f}Fdf czf]sljgfos rf]efdf hnljgfos) . ljgfz gf) [;+)] != 7"nf]
aafbL ;Tofgfz :jfxf ljWj+; . @= lauf etfe'\u tx;gx; . #= gb]lvg] sfd nf]k . > ljg
!= gfz ug]{ ljWj+;s . @= b'Mv k'ofpg] laufg]{ . sfL lj) ljgfzs . > ljgfzL lj) gfz x
gZj . ljgfZo lj) gfz x'g nfu]sf] gfz x'g of]Uo . ljlg;[t lj) [;+)] != aflx uPsf] lg:s
sf] . @= efu]sf] knflot . ljlgkft gf) [;+)] != cfsfzaf6 k[YjLtkm{ emg]{ sfd lufO ktg
. @= aafbL ljWj+; ;Tofgfz . #= cfklQ ;\s6 . $= d[To' cj;fg . %= si6 kL8f b'Mv . ^=
x]nf 3[0ff . &= gs . > ljlgkfts lj) != gfz ug]{ ljWj+;sfL . @= ckdfg ug]{ . ljlgkftg
f) != ue{ t'xfpg] sfd . @= v;fNg] sfd . ljlgkftL lj) ljgfzsfL . ljlgdo gf) [;+)] !=
Ps j:t' lbP csf]{ j:t' lng] sfd ;f6km] cbnfabnL . @= sg} Ps b]zsf] d'b|faf6 csf]{ b]
zsf] d'b|f ;f6\g] sfd ;6xL . #= x]km] kljt{g . $= aGws fVg] sfd . ~ clwsf]if gf) sg
ljb]zL d'bf | sf] abnfdf csf]{ b]zsf] d'b|f ;f6] lbg] jf aflx k7fpg] a}\s . ~ Joj:y
f gf) d'b|f;6xL ug]{ k|aGw . ~ x'nfs gf) Ps csf]{ b]z eO{ x'nfsj:t' n}hfg] Joj:yf
ullbg] x'nfs3 . ljlgd]o lj) [;+)] != ljlgdo jf ;f6km] ug{ ;lsg] . @= bkL7 jf ;'Dk'jf
uL x:tfGt0f ug{;lsg] . kq gf) != ljlgdo;DaGwL sfo{sf] pNn]v ePsf] sfuhft . @= bkL7 j
f ;'Dk'jf ulPsf] JolQmnfO{ n]lvPadf]lhdsf] sd k|fKt ug{ ;Sg] uL lbOPsf] clwsfkq . lj
lgod gf) [;+)] d"n P]g jf sfg'gsf] kllwleq xL agfOPsf] pklgod sg} ;\3, ;+:yf jf ;\u7
] ;~rfngsf nflu d"n P]gsf] p2]Zocg'sn tof ulPsf] lgod . > ljlgodg gf) P]gsf] JofVofs
f kdf lgod agfO{ sfo{k|0ffnLnfO{ l56f]5ltf] ;'ljwfo'Qm agfpg] sfd . @= sg} ult jf l
j:tf cflbnfO{ w]} a9\g glbg] sfd lgoGq0f . #= jfxgsf] ult cflbnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f a9f
pg], 36fpg] jf 7Ls kfg]{ sfd . ljlgo'Qm lj) [;+)] sfddf v6fOPsf] ljlgof]lht . ljlg
of]u gf) [;+)] != sg} sfddf nufpg] jf v6fpg] sfd pkof]u k|of]u . @= sxLF k7fpg] sfd k
|]if0f . #= 5f8\g] sfd klTofu . $= 5'fpg] jf cnUofpg] sfd k[ySs0f .
1154

%= o1 cflbdf j}lbs dGq k9\g'eGbf klxn] dGqb|i6f Clif, b]jtf p2]Zo atfO{ ulg] ;\sNk
. ~ ljw]os gf) fh:jsf] s]slt c+z sgsg zLif{sdf vr{ ug]{ eGg] ljifo x]sf], ljwflosfdf
k|:t't ulg] cfly{s ljw]os jf k|fk ljlgof]hg ljw]os . ljlgof]hs lj) [;+)] != sfddf v6
fpg] k|of]u jf pkof]u ug]{ . @= sg} of]hgf jf pBf]uJoj;fo cflbdf k'FhLsf] nufgL ug
]{ nufgLstf{ . ljlgof]hg gf) [;+)] != sfddf v6fpg] sfd pkof]u k|of]u . @= sg} sfddf k
'FhL nufpg] sfd fh:jsf] klrfng . ~ ljw]os gf) ljwflosf;efdf kflt ugf{sf nflu k|:t't u
lg], sg zLif{sdf s]slt fh:j vr{ ug]{ eGg] cfly{s d:of}bf ljwflosfdf k|:t't ulg] cfly{
s ljw]os . ~ zLif{s gf) dGqfno, ljefu cflbdf ulg] tna, eQf, k|sfzg, OGwg, 3ef8f cfl
bsf] vr{ut ljefhg . ljlgof]lht lj) [;+)] != ljlgof]hg ulPsf] sfddf v6fOPsf] k|o'Qm lg
o'Qm . @= r9fOPsf] ck{0f ulPsf] clk{t . ljlgof]Ho lj) [;+)] sfddf nufpg nfos pkof]u u
g{ of]Uo . ljlgu{t lj) [;+)] != aflx uPsf] lg:s]sf] . @= aGwgaf6 5'6]sf] d'Qm . ljlg
u{d gf) [;+)] != aflx hfg] jf lg:sg] sfd aflxlg] lqmof . ljlgd'{Qm lj) [;+)] != aGwga
f6 5'6sff kfPsf] d'Qm . @= lg:s]sf] k'mTs]sf] . ljlgjf0f gf) [;+)] s8fOsf ;fy f]Sg] s
d f]sfj6 k|ltaGw . ljgLt lj) [;+)] != Hofb} g'x]sf] jf em's]sf] gd| ljgoL . @= ;Hhg
Ln eb| lzi6 . #= nluPsf] k'ofOPsf] . $= 6'Kkf]b]lv g'x]sf] em's]sf] . %= OlGb|o lhTg]
lht]lGb|o ;+odL . ^= ldNsfOPsf] x6fOPsf] . ljgf]b gf) [;+)] != dg axnfpg] sfd cfgGbb
foL lqmofsnfk dgf]~hg . @= v]nsb qmL8f . #= v]nfFrL Vofn7f klxf; . > ljgf]bL lj) V
]{ :jefjsf] nx8afh . ljGb' gf) [;+)] != nDafO, rf}8fO, prfO sg} gePsf], Hofb} ;fgf]
lrXg yf]Knf] laGb' . lj) @= rnfs a'l4dfg\ . #= pbf bofn' . ky gf) Pp6f rnfodfg ljG
] nDafO jf rf}8fOtkm{ lng] af6f] laGb' tGsfpg] dfu{ . ljGWo gf) [;+)] eftsf] dWoefu
df kg],{ k"jk { lZrd eP x]sf] Ps k|l;4 kj{t ljGWofrn . jfl;gL gf) != ljGWofrn kj{tsL
clwi7fqL b]jL . @= klZrd g]kfnsf]

1155

ljGo:tljk| cfkb\ljkb\df km;]sf] ;\s6u|:t . ljkGg lj) [;+)] != ljklQdf k]sf] ;\s6u|:t
@= gfz ePsf] gi6 . ljklwfg gf) [;+)] ;]gf, k|xL cflbn] klxlg] Psgf;sf] kf];fs ju{ jf
oj;fo;'xfpFbf] klxg (o'lgkmd{) . ljkLt lj) [;+)] != k"} lsl;dn] gldNbf] pN6f] laANofF
f] . @= cfgf] cg'sn gePsf] k|ltsn . #= lj?4 lvnfkm . $= lgodl;t gldNbf] vfnsf] lgodlj
4 . %= c;To ldYof em"6f] . tM lqm) lj) ljkLt lsl;dn] pN6f] rfn;Fu . tf gf) ljkLt
] efj jf cj:yf pN6f]kg . > ljkLtfy{ gf) != pN6f] cy{ lj?4 cy{ . lj) @= pN6f] jf lj?4
cy{ nfUg] . ljkLtfy{s lj) pN6f] cy{ a'emfpg] . ljko{o gf) [;+)] != tndfly jf cufl8
k5fl8 k]sf] cj:yf qmdsf] cefj Joltqmd . @= l;nl;nf 6'6]sf] k qmd eTs]sf] cj:yf . #= e
|d e|flGt . $= uNtL e"n . %= pN6f]kg k|ltsntf . ^= ;f6km] ljlgdo cbnfabnL . &= e]if
kf];fssf] kljt{g . *= cefj z"Gotf . (= xflg gf]S;fg . !)= ljgfz vtd . !!= ljklQ . !@
= ]if l; . !#= sg} zAbdf j0f{ cufl8k5fl8 kg]{ l:ylt (h:tf] lkzfr > lkrf; cflb) . ljk
o{:t lj) [;+)] != ablnPsf] x]km] ePsf] kljlt{t . @= pN6f] ljkLt . #= l;nl;nf lau|]s
e\u ePsf] . $= e|flGt ufpg] ;Gb]xf:kb . ljkof{o gf) [;+)] sg} klg zAbsf] ljf]wL jf pN
f] cy{ a'emfpg] zAb ljkof{ojfrL zAb . (h:tf] tndfly, fd|f]gfd|f] aflxleq cflb) . l
f) [;+)] != sg} Ps JolQm jf j:t'sf] abnfdf csf]{ xg] sfd x]km] cbnLabnL . @= k|ltsnt
?4tf pN6f]kg . #= e|d e|flGt e"n . ljknljknf gf) [;+)] Ps knsf] ;f7L efusf] Ps efu kn
f] ;f7Lof}F efu ;dosf] Hofb} ;"Id PsfO . ljkZjL a'4 gf) [;+)] kf}fl0fs hg>'ltcg';f ;
Too'udf g]kfn cfpg] Ps a'4 . ljlkg gf) [;+)] != 7"nf;fgf vnxfx ePsf] 7fpF h\un jg .
au}Frf pkjg . ljk'n lj) [;+)] != a8]dfsf] Hofb} 7"nf] . @= w]} k|r' k|z:t . #= km}ln
] lj:t[t ljzfn . $= Hofb} uxg cufw uDeL . tfTj gf) ljk'n x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . >
f gf) != wtL{ k[YjL . @= cfof{ 5Gbsf] Ps e]b . lj) #= ljk'n zAbsf] :qLln\uL k . ljk|
) [;+)] != lhflt a|fXd0f . @= d]wfjL k'?if h]xgbf JolQm . #= z'elrGts ;fyL lxt}ifL ld
q . $= kLknsf]

sf:sL lhNnfcGtu{t kf]vfdf x]sL Ps k|l;4 b]jL ltg} b]jLsf] dlGb . (plxn] fhfaf6 sf:sLs
f]6df :yfkgf ug{ ljGWofrnaf6 NofOPsL oL b]jLnfO{ kf]vfdf la;fOPsf] ToxfFaf6 prfNg
g;sL la;fOPs} 7fpFdf :yflkt ulPsf] xf] eGg] ls+jbGtL 5) . ~ ljGWofrn gf) dWo eftdf
x]sf] Ps k|l;4 kj{t ljGWokj{t . ljGo:t lj) [;+)] != flvPsf] :yfkgf ulPsf] . @= ;'If
nlfu kl5 lkmtf{ x'g] uL lbOPsf] (gf;f], wf}6L cflb) . ljGof; gf) [;+)] != fVg] sfd :
yfkgf . @= h8\g] jf ;hfpg] sfd h8fg . #= nx} ldnfP fVg] sfd ;'ul7t :yfkgf . $= ;d"x ;
ng ;\u|x . %= cfwf cf>o . ^= gf;f] wf}6L lwtf] . ljkIf gf) [;+)] != sg} bn jf dfGo
N6f] bn jf dfGotf ljf]wL kIf k|ltsn kIf . @= zq' b':dg j}L . #= jfbL jf k|ltjfbL em
. $= sg} kIf jf ;Dk|bfo cflbsf] kIfdf gnfUg] sfd lgikIftf . lj) %= pN6f] k|ltsn ljkL
. ^= kIfkft gePsf] lgikIf . &= kv]6f gePsf] . > ljkIfL lj) != lj?4 kIfsf] k|ltsn kI
fdf nfUg] ljf]wL . gf) @= zq' j}L . #= k|ltGL . $= k|ltjfbL . ljkHhgs gf) [;+)] ljkl
kfg]{ ;\s6 k}bf ug]{ . ljkHhfn gf) [;+)] ljklQsf] hfnf] b'Mvsi6sf] 3 cfklQsf] ;d"x
jkl~rsfljk~rL gf) [;+)] != jL0ff l;tf lutf . @= v]n qmL8f . ljk0f gf) [;+)] v'bf |
gr'g] Jofkf . > ljk0fL gf) != ljz]if cj;df cyjf ;fKtflxs, jflif{s cflb kn] nfUg] ;fd
los ahf xf6 ahf . @= jfl0fHo pBf]uJoj;fo Jofkf . #= a]Rg flvPsf] dfn;fdfg . ljkt\
)] cfkt\ cfklQ si6 . s lj) cfklQ k}bf ug]{ si6 lbg] si6k|b . ~ sfn gf) ljkt\ k]sf
;\s6sfn . ljklQ gf) [;+)] != ljkt\ larNnL ;\s6 cfklQ .@= oftgf kL8f si6 b'Mv . #=
7gfO d'l:sn . $= 7"nf] xflggf]S;fgL k'ofpg] 36gf b'36 { gf . %= aafbL ;Tofgfz . ^= lg
wg d[To' . hgs lj) ljklQ k}bf ug]{ ljkTs . \ jf dxfhg cflbaf6 tf]lsPcg';fsf] ljkq g
[;+)] != a}s sd kmnfgf] ldlt;Dd r'Qmf ullbpFnf eGg] efsf n]lvPsf] kq x'G8L . @= dfu
ulPsf] dfnsf] d"No r'Stf ug]a { f] b'j} kIfaf6 dfGo x'g] uL n]lvPsf] ;t{gfdf ljlgdok
q . ljky gf) [;+)] != lxF8\g d'l:sn kg]{ af6f] vfa af6f] sdfu{ . @= k|ltsn p2]Zo g;'
Fbf] sfd . #= leGg dfu{ cnu af6f] . ufdL lj) ljkydf nfu]sf] sdfu{df lxF8g \ ]. ljkb\
gf) [;+)] ljkt\ . > ljkbf gf) ljklQ . ~ u|:t lj)

ljk|sif{ljefj v . %= lzLifsf] v . ljk|sif{ gf) [;+)] != tfGg] jf l3RRofpg] sfd cksif{

f . @= ljz]if vfnsf] >]i7tf pDbfkg . #= cGt kms . $= :jkl5sf] ;+oQ ' m Jo~hg 5'lO{ pQ
L{ :jsf] cfud eP cl3Nnf] Jo~hgdf hf]l8g] sfd . (h:tf] cs{ > cs, kms{ > kms, k[YjL > k
[lyjL cflb) ljk|ltkGg lj) [;+)] != k:k lj?4 c;xdt . @= Jofsn x}fg . #= ljjfbu|:t . l
nAw lj) [;+)] != wf]sf vfPsf] 7luPsf] jl~rt . @= ljof]un] 56k6fPsf] ljof]uL ljxL . >
jk|nAwf lj) != ljk|nAw zAbsf] :qLln\uL k . @= 7luPsL jl~rtf . #= ljof]lugL ljlx0fL .
f) $= ;\s]ltt ;do :yfgdf lk|ohgsf] e]6 gkfO{ 56k6fPsL gflosf ljlx0fL . ljk|nDe gf) [
;+)] != ljof]u lj5f]8 (k|foM k|d ] L k|l] dsfsf aLr) . @= 5nsk6 wf]sf . #= snx emu8
f egfj}L . ~ f[u \ f gf) gfosgflosfsf] ljxsf] j0f{g x]sf] f[u \ f ;sf] Ps e]b
|nfk gf) [;+)] != dtna gePsf] sf] asjfb grflxFbf] uGyg . @= aafpg] sfd k|nfk . ljk|
f gf) [;+)] rf}lt ]vb]v ug]{ sfd rnfsLk"0f{ x]fO . ljk|i ] f0f gf) [;+)] != sg} Jol
gfpFdf ;~rf;fwgff ?lkofFk};f o:t} c dfn;fdfg k7fpg] sfd . @= 6f9f k7fOg] j:t' jf ?lk
ofFk; } f. ljKnj gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] cfGbf]ng ljb|f]x pu| qmflGt eo\s ljf]w b\uf .
Gt pTkft pkb|j . #= 7"nf] kljt{g pynk'yn . $= ;\s6 cfklQ ljklQ . %= dxfdfL ;j{gfz
+; . ^= kfgLdfly pqg] sfd kf}8fO . &= ljgfzsfL jiff{ af9L . sfL lj) cfGbf]ng dRrfpg]
kb|j ug]{ qmflGtsfL . > ljKnjL lj) ljKnjsfL . ljkmn lj) [;+)] != kmn gnfu]sf] kmnxLg
ikmn . @= sfd gnfUg] Joy{ lgy{s lgik|of]hg . #= sfd k"f gePsf] c;kmn . gf) $= kmn gnf
g] v kmn gePsf] jf em]sf] v . tf gf) != ljkmn x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf c;kmntf . @= ;'v
l0ffdsf] cefj . lja4 lj) [;+)] != 8f]L cflbn] a];L s;] afFw]sf] d:sfPsf] . @=slAhot e
sf] uf]6f k]sf] . lja'w gf) [;+)] != kl08t ljfg\ .@= rt' JolQm a'l4dfg\ . #= b]jtf .
rGb|df . ljeQm lj) [;+)] != c+zaG8f ePsf] bfh'efO 5'lPsf] . @= afFl8Psf] efu nufOPsf
] ljeflht . #= cnu kflPsf] 5'ofOPsf] . $= k[ys\ ulPsf] jf ePsf] . %=PSnf] kflPsf] .
1156

ljelQm gf) [;+)] != c+zefu afF8r'F8 ljefhg ljefu . @= cnUofpg] sfd k[ySs0f . #= c+z
lx:;f . $= Jofs0fcg';f sfs;Fu lqmofsf] ;DaGw a'emfpgsf lglDt zAbsf k5fl8 nfUg] n], n
fO{, af6 cflb k|Too sfs;"rs k|Too . ljej gf) [;+)] != rncrn ;DklQ P]Zjo{ wg . @= 7"n
aGg] efj dlxdf . #= ;fdYo{ zlQm kfqmd . $= P];cffdsf] ;fwg ef]uljnf;sf] j:t' . %= ;f7
;+jT;dWo] Ps ;+jT; . zfnL lj) P]Zjo{jfg\ ;DkGg . ljef gf) [;+)] != sflGt bLlKt k|
. @= ls0f k|sfz t]h . #= ;f}Gbo{ . s gf) != ;"o{ 3fd . @= cfuf] clUg . ljefu gf)
!= PsPs uL cnUUofpg] jf afF8g \ ] sfd ljefhg . @= c+z efu lx:;f . #= k':tssf] pkzLif
{s jf k|s0f cWofo klR5]b . $= 5'fpg] jf cnucnu kfg]{ sfd k[ySs0f . %= lzIf0f;+:yfdf
wfsf nflu th'{df ulPsf] ljifout sfo{If]q (h:tf] g]kfnL ljefu c\u|]hL ljefu cflb) dGqf
no jf cfcbfntdf sfdsf] afF8kmfF8sf nflu cnUUofOPsf] If]q (h:tf] lzIff ljefu ;"rgflje
fu O)) . > ljefufWoIf gf) sg} ljefusf] k|d'v clwsfL ljefuLo k|d'v . ljefuLo lj) [;+)]
ljefusf] ljefu;DaGwL . clws[t gf) sg} ljefusf] k|zf;s jf xflsd . cfb]z gf) sg} sf
fO{sf ljifodf ljefun] lbPsf] cfb]z . sfafO{ gf) != sd{rfLdfly ljefuLo k|d'vdf x]sf]
clwsfcg';f ulg] ;hfo;DaGwL sfafO{ . @= ;DalGwt ljefuaf6 g} 6'\uf] nfUg] sfdsf] . k
gf) sg} ljefusf] cWoIf jf k|wfg clwsfL ljefufWoIf . ljefhs lj) [;+)] != afF8kmfF8 u
g]{ afF8\g] jf ljefhg ug]{ . @= 6'qmf kfg]{ cnucnu ufpg] . #= k'm6fpg] a]d]n ufpg] .
ljefhg lj) [;+)] != afF8g \ ] sfd efu nfUg] sfd afF8r'8 F . @= ljefuljefusf] sfo{ l
gwf{0f ug]{ sfd . ~ 306L gf) ljwflosf ;efdf k|:t't sg} k|:tfjaf] ljjfb ;lsPkl5 ;efsf
] dt hfGg leGgleGg ;d"xdf ljeQm cfcfgf] :yfg u|x0f ug{ ;"rgf lbg] 306L . ljeflht l
j) [;+)] != ljefhg ulPsf] afFl8Psf] ljeQm . @= cnUofOPsf] 5'fOPsf] . ljefHo lj) [;+)
= afF8kmfF8 ug{ ;'xfpFbf] efu nufpg of]Uo . @= cnUofpg'kg]{ 5'fpg'kg]{ . ljefj gf) [;
+)] != sf0f lgbfg . @= ;lgiklQsf qmddf lt, zf]s cflb :yfoL efjsf] p2Lks jf cfwfsf kdf
]sf ;+j]bgzLn efj ;klkfsdf sf0fsf]l6sf efj

1157

ljefjgfljdb{ljdb{g @= ;'zf]let zf]efodfg . #= u'0fn] o'Qm . lje]bs lj) leGg t'Nofpg]

5'fpg] . ~ clenIf0f pTkfbs j0f{lj1fgcg';f d'VojuL{o, ljj, ;|ft ] , pRrf0fk|lqmofut
ljz]iftfsf cfwfdf efiffsf] Pp6f Wjlg jf j0f{af6 csf]{ Wjlg jf j0f{ 5'fpg] nIf0fx l8l:
6\lS6e lkmr . lje]bgf gf) [;+)] != j:t'xsf aLr cfk;df b]lvg] gldNbf sf kms cGt e
s lsl;d w]} k|sf yL yL . #= 5]8\g] jf f]Kg] sfd e]bg . $= 6'qmf6'qmf kfg]{ sfd l
dte]b k"m6 . > lje]bLs0f gf) != lje]b ug]{ sfd . @= kIfkft . ljef] lj) [lx)] != df]lx
t nf]lePsf] . @= PslrQ eO{ nfu]sf] tNnLg . #= ljXjn . lje|z + gf) [;+)] != cfgf] hf
t, ;+:sf cyjf ;dfhaf6 v:g] sfd ktg cjglt . @= ljgfz Ifo . 3f6L gf) k[YjLsf] xnrnn] u
f{ efl;Psf] lgDg e"ld . > lje|l + zt lj) != ktg ePsf] v;]sf] . @= gi6 . lje|d gf) [
;+)] != cGof]nsf] l:ylt e|d e|flGt . @= ;Gb]x w'sr's b'lawf . #= otfplt 8'Ng] sfd 3'd
3fd e|d0f . $= gfLxn] x8a8 jf xtfdf cJojl:yt tlsfn] l;Fuf ubf{ x'g] Ps xfj . > lje|df
ds lj) lje|d pTkGg x'g] e|d k}bf ufpg] . lje|f6\ lj) [;+)] rlDsnf] ;fx|} t]lhnf] clt
xsbf . lje|fGt lj) [;+)] != e|flGtdf k]sf] e|fGt . @= 3'd]sf] . #= Jofsn ljXjn . > lj
|flGt gf) != cndlnPsf] l:ylt e|d e|flGt . @= 3'Dg] sfd rSs e|d0f . #= lvGgtf Jofsnt
fL . ljdt lj) [;+)] != leGg dtsf] lj?4 dt jf ljrfdf nfUg] pN6f] ljrfsf] . @= sg} Ps
jf ljrf;Fu gldNg] ;xdlt gePsf] c;xdt . #= x]nf ulPsf] pk]lIft lt:s[t . gf) $= pN6f]
f ljkLt dt ljf]wL efjgf . > ljdlt lj) != a'l4 e|i6 ePsf] d"v{ clzi6 . @= pN6f] ljrf
t dtsf] . gf) #= a]dGh'L gfdGh'L c;xdlt . $= dtleGgtf dte]b . %= c1fgtf sa'l4 . ljdT
[;+)] dT; jf ]if gePsf] O{iof{xLg . ljdb lj) [;+)] != pQfpnf] gePsf] dbxLg . @= a]v'
; ck|;Gg . ljdg:s lj) [;+)] != dgdf zflGt gePsf] lbSbf lvGg pbf; . @= cflQPsf] Jofs
fPsf] . #= cGt} dg nufpg] cGodg:s . ljdgf lj) [;+)] != dgdf a]rg } L ePsf] lbSbf pbf;
lvGg . @= Jofsn ljXjn . #= ljf]wL dtsf] pN6f] ljrfsf] . ljdb{ljdb{g gf) [;+)] != u8
f 3f]6\g] sfd ljbng .

cg'e"ltxsf] z[\vnf sNkgf ;f]rfO . @= cfzo ljj]s ljrf . #= jfbljjfb kIfljkIfaf] p7]
. $= dgg lrGtg . %= sf0fljgf klg sfo{sf] j0f{g ulg] Ps cyf{n\sf . ljefjL gf) [;+)]
lq, ft . @= tff rDs]sf] ft . #= j]Zof sn6f . $= d'vfn] :qL sl6n gfL . ljefljt lj)
= b]vfOPsf] k|s6 ulPsf] JoQm . @= hfg]a'em]sf] yfxf kfPsf] lj1ft . #= ;f]lrPsf] . lje
fiff gf) [;+)] != sg} b'O{ kIfdWo] Ps ljsNk cyjf . @= 5fGg] jf f]Hg] sfd 5gf]6 rog .
cltlSt efiff Ps k|sfsf] k|fs[t efiff . > ljefifL lj) a]Un} dft[efiff ePsf] cs}{ efif
f af]Ng] ljdft[efifL . ljef; gf) [;+)] != rds k|sfz sflGt . @= laxfgLkv ufOg] Ps k|f
y{gfuLt k|eftL uLt . #= df?gLgfrsf] cGtu{t ufOg] PsyL fu . ljleGg lj) [;+)] != lsl;d
lsl;dsf] w]} k|sfsf] yLyL . @= cnu leGg k[ys\ . #= ldl;Psf] ld;f}6f] ldl>t . tf
x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf cnucnu x'gfsf] l:ylt . ljeLifs lj) [;+)] eofgs 8nfUbf] . ljeLif0
f gf) != fdfo0fk|l;4 fj0fsf] sfG5f] efO . lj) @= 8 jf qf; k}bf ug]{ eo\s . ljeLlifsf
[;+)] != 7"nf] 8qf; pTkGg ug]{ j:t' 8 jf eo k}bf ufpg] sf] . @= 8 qf; eo . lje'
!= rf}lt km}lnPsf] Jofks ;j{JofkL . @= Hofb} 7"nf] dxfg\ . #= ;dy{ zlQmzfnL . $= clj
fzL lgTo . %= clwklt dflns . gf) ^= hLjfTdf . &= O{Zj b]jtf . *= cfsfz . (= ;do sfn .
!)= dxfb]j lzj . !!= lji0f' . > lje'tf gf) lje' x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf k|et '
f :jfldTj . lje"t gf) [;+)] xjg jf o1s08sf] vfgL lje"lt . lje"lt gf) [;+)] != k'uL;L
cj:yf P]Zjo{ j}ej . @= wgbf}nt ;DklQ . #= O{ZjLo zlQm cnf}lss ;fdYo{ . $= cEo'bo pGg
t k|ult . %= b]zsf nflu pNn]vgLo of]ubfg lbg] JolQm ^= o1s08sf] vfgL lau't . ky gf)
xfk'?ifx lxF8]sf] af6f] b]zsf cd lje"ltxn] lgb]{z u]sf] dfu{ . lje"if0f gf) [;+)] !=
jz]if k|sfsf] cfe"if0f xLf, ;'g, rfFbL cflbsf ax'd"No uxgf . @= sg} dxjk"0f{ kf}v b]v
Pafkt lbOg] kbs, tSdf cflb . #= ;'Gbtf ;f}Gbo{ . $= ;hfpg] sfd f[\uf . lje"lift lj)
)] != ;hfOPsf] l;FuflPsf] cn\s[t .
(cfnDagljefj jf p2Lkgljefj) . ljefjgf gf) [;+)] != cg'ufdL jf k|ltufdL

ljdz{ljof]u @= n8fO{F ;\3if{ o'4 . #= aafbL ;Tofgfz . ljdz{ gf) [;+)] != sg} jf:tlj
sf] cGj]if0f ;To sfsf] vf]hL . @= sg} ljifoj:t'af] ulg] ljj]rgf jf ljrf . #= ;;Nnfx
. $= cjnf]sg ;dLIff cfnf]rgf . %= ax; ts{ jfbljjfb . ^= gf6ssf kfFr ;lGwd'v, k|ltd'v,
ue{, ljdz{, pk;+xfdWo] Ps ;lGw . > ljdz{g gf) != vf]h cGj]if0f . @= ts{ljts{ jfbljj
fb . #= ;dLIff . ljdlz{t lj) ljdz{ ulPsf] . ljdif{ gf) [;+)] != ljj]rgf ljrf . @= cw}
o{ c;lxi0f'tf . #= c;Gtf]if ct[lKt . $= cfnf]rg ;dLIff . %= gf6ssf kfFr ;lGwdWo] Ps
. (o;df v]b, ckjfb, ;\st ] , Joj;fo, b|j, B'lt, zlQm, k|;\u, k|ltif]w, ljf]w, k|f]r
gf, cfbfg 5fbg x'G5g\) . ljdn lj) [;+)] != kmf]xd}nf gePsf] lgd{n . @= :jR5 ;kmf s~r
. #= ljz'4 kljq . $= bfu gePsf] lgisn\s lgbf]{if . %= fd|f] ;'Gb . gf) ^= rfFbLsf]
Ddf . &= ce|v . ljdnf gf) [;+)] != af}4 wd{sf] dxfofg jh|ofgsf] bze"ld qof]bz e"ld
sf] bf];|f] e"ld . @= ;:jtL . lj) #= dn gePsL . ljDa gf)x]) laDa . > ljlDat lj) lal
Dat . ljdftf gf) [;+)] ;f}t]gL cfdf csL{ cfdf . ljdft[ gf) [;+)] ljdftf . efifL lj)
cfgf] dft[efiffafx]s sg} csf]{ efiffsf] Jojxf ug]{ cGo efiff af]Ng] ljefifL . ljdfg g
) [;+)] != cfsfzdfu{af6 hfg] ;jfL Jof]dofg xjfO{hxfh jfo'ofg . @= d'bf{ af]Sg] v6 cyL
{ . #= ;fttn] baf w]} tnf ePsf] dxn . $= ckdfg x]nf cgfb . ~ ckx0f gf) sg} k|ltsf
jf 7"nf] dfusf] k"lt{sf lglDt xjfO{hxfhsf rfnsnfO{ wDsfP cfgf] cg'sn k]sf] ljdfg:y
ndf ;f] hxfh ptfg{ nufpg] sfd ljdfgnfO{ ckx0f ug]{ sfd . ~ 3f6 gf) xjfO{hxfh a:g p8
\g ldNg] uL agfOPsf] 7fpF ljdfg:yn . ~ ofn ;fgf] ofn ;Gofn . ~ klrflsf gf) xjfO{h
Lxsf] ]vb]v ug]{ gfL . e]bL lj) pl8x]sf] ljdfgnfO{ v;fNg ;Sg] (c:q, tf]k cflb) . :
fg gf) xjfO{hxfh p8fpg] a;fpg] 7fpF ljdfg3f6 xjfO{db } fg . ljdflgt lj) [;+)] dfgxfl
g ulPsf] x]nf ulPsf] ckdflgt pk]lIft . ljdfu{ gf) [;+)] != vfa af6f] sdfu{ caf6f]
g gf) [;+)] != w'g] jf kvfNg] sfd ;kmf ug]{ sfd . @= kljq kfg]{ sfd ljzf]wg . #= a9
fg]{ sfd . ljd'Qm lj) [;+)] != fd|f];Fu d'Qm ePsf] lgd'{Qm .
1158

@= :j]R5frfL :jtGq :jR5Gb . #= 5fl8Psf] klToQm . $= ofFlsPsf] ldlNsPsf] . > ljd'lQm

!= 5'6sff s}baf6 d'lQm lxfO . @= hLjfTdfn] ;f+;fls aGwgaf6 5'6sff kfpg] sfd lgjf{0f
m df]If . ljd'v lj) [;+)] != ljkLt lbzftkm{ d'v ePsf] kl5lNt d'v df]8]sf] kf\d'v .
z xtfz . #= pbf;Lg ljQm . $= pN6f] k|ltsn . %= a]v'; ck|;Gg . ^= d'v gePsf] . ljd'Uw
) [;+)] != Hofb} df]lxt n . @= e|ddf k]sf] e|fGt . #= cflQPsf] ctflnPsf] . $= s]xL gh
fGg] d"9 . ljd'bL | s0f gf) [;+)] d'b|fsf] j}wtf vtd ug]{ sfd ljz]if l:yltdf sg} d'bf
| jf gf]6sf] k|rng cj}w ug]{ sfd . ljd'bL | s[t lj) [;+)] ;sfL cfb]zaf6 sg} d'b|f g
rNg] ufOPsf] vf]6f] t'NofOPsf] . ljd"9 lj) [;+)] != df]xdf km;]sf] Hofb} df]lxt . @=
dGb a'l4 ePsf] ca'em d"v{ . ljdf]If gf) [;+)] ;f+;fls dfofaGwgaf6 5'6sff kfpg] sfd d
]If d'lQm . > ljdf]If0f gf) != df]If d'lQm . @= c:q cflb 5f8\g] sfd . #= Tofu . $=
rf cflbn] k'mn kfg]{ sfd . ljdf]rg gf) [;+)] != aGwgaf6 5'6sff kfpg] sfd lxfO{ . @= x
6fpg] sfd ck;f0f . #= aflx k7fpg] sfd lgsfNg] sfd . $= k':ts jf cGo sg} s[ltsf] k|yd
k|sfzg x'Fbf ljlwk"j{s ulg] cgfj0f nf]sfk{0f . ljdf]lrt lj) [;+)] ljdf]rg ulPsf] nf]s
lk{t . ljdf]xs lj) [;+)] != df]lxt kfg]{ nfpg] . @= e|ddf kfg]{ 5Ng] . ljdf]xg gf) [;
)] != df]lxt kfg]{ sfd nfpg] sfd . @= df]lxgL 6'gf hfb' . #= ;'b\wL jf xf]; u'd x'g]
sfd . $= e|d e|flGt dlte|d . %= dgMl:ylt :gfo'sf] u8a8Ln] ubf{ x'g] Ps lsl;dsf] df
gl;s f]u . ljdf]lxt lj) [;+)] != nlPsf] nxl;Psf] d'Uw . @= 6'gfd'gfn] jz ulPsf] df]
L nfOPsf] . #= e|ddf k]sf] lje|fGt . ljDa gf) [;+)] x]) laDa . ljo'Qm lj) [;+)] != c
nu ePsf] 5'fOPsf] . @= Oi6hgaf6 la5f]8 ePsf] ljof]u ePsf] . #= gePsf] lxt xLg . ljof
f) [;+)] != cnlug] jf 5'lg] sfd cnUUofO a]UNofO . @= Oi6hg jf lk|o JolQm;Fusf] la5f
]8 5'ld . #= la5f]8sf] j]bgf ljx . $= Ps ;\Vofaf6 csf]{ ;\Vof 36fpg] sfd 36fp . %= k
t . ~ z[u \ f gf) ljk|nDef[u \ f . > ljof]ufTds lj) != la5f]8 x'g] jf ufpg] . @=
. #= ljof]u;DaGwL . ljof]ufGt lj) eo qf;sf] klkfs x'b F } cGtdf ljof]u, zf]s, d[To
' cflb ePsf] (gf6s, pkGof;,

1159

ljof]lugLlj?b j]bgf ljof]uhGo kL8f jf b'Mv . #= gePsf] l:ylt z"Gotf cefj . $= si6 kL8
f j]bgf . %= Tofu . ~ u|lGy gf) ljxj]bgfn] d'6'df k]sf] eSsfgf] ljof]uJoyfsf] ufF7f]
. > ljxflUg gf) ljxaf6 ePsf] e'6f] jf kL ljof]uhGo lrGtf . ljxfgn gf) ljxflUg . lj
) ljof]lugL k|]dLaf6 la5f]8 ePsL gflosf . ljlxt lj) != gePsf] lxt . @= 5fl8Psf] klTo
. ljxL gf) != k|]ldsfaf6 la5f]8 ePsf] gfos ljof]uL k'?if . lj) @= PSnf] l7\uf] gfuf]
#= la5f]8 ePsf] ljof]uL . ljxf]Tsl07tf gf) ;\s]ltt ;do :yfgdf k|]dL gcfOlbgfn] pTsl
07t eO{ 56kl6PsL gflosf . ljfu gf) [;+)] fu jf ljifojf;gfk|ltsf] OR5f x6]sf] l:ylt l
jlQm j}fUo . > ljfuL lj) != fu jf ljifoef]usf] nfn;f gePsf] cgf;Qm j}fuL . @= ljQ
g lj) [;+)] != ;'xfPsf] zf]efodfg zf]let . @= cfgGb;Fu a;]sf] jf x]sf] ljflht . #= x
] ljBdfg pkl:yt df}hb ' . ljflht lj) [;+)] != ;'v;'ljwfsf ;fy a;]sf] cfgGb;Fu x]sf]
= ;'zf]let . #= pkl:yt df}h'b . ljf6\ gf) [;+)] != ljZjk ka|Xd . @= ljZj ;+;f . #= I
o . lj) $= 7"nf] cfsfsf] Hofb} 7"nf] . %= lj:t[t . ljf6 gf) [;+)] dxfeftsf] ;dosf] Ps
b]z . @= To;} b]zsf fhf . gu gf) k"jL{ g]kfnsf] sf];L c~rn, df] lhNnfdf kg]{ Ps k|d
v cf}Bf]lus ;x . ljfw gf) [;+)] != fdfo0fsfndf fdn] aw u]sf] Ps fIf; . @= cksf lau
kdfg lt:sf . $= ljf]w c;xdlt . ljfd gf) [;+)] != f]lsg] jf yfldg] sfd . @= ysfO dfg
;':tfpg] sfd lj>fd . #= ;dflKt cGt . $= jfSo, jfSof+z cflbsf] cGtdf c8fg lng] 7fp
F jf To:tf] lrXg . %= 5Gbsf] aLraLrdf s]xL If0f f]lsg] 7fpF olt . ~ lrXg gf) n]v cf
lbdf k|of]u ulg] ljfd;"rs lrXg(kfbljfd, cw{ljfd, k"0f{ljfd cflb) . ~ ;lGw gf) ljz]if
ll:yltdf b'j} kIfsf] :jLs[ltaf6 s]xL cjlwsf nflu n8fOF aGb ug]{ ;Demf}tf . lj?t gf
) [;+)] != lrRRofPsf] zAb rLTsf . @= xf]xNnf sf]nfxn . #= rfxsf] shg snj . lj) $= c
zAb ePsf] af]n]sf] ga'lemg] vfnsf] . %= u'~hfodfg . lj?b gf) [;+)] != u'0f avfGg]
sfd k|zl:t sLlt{ufyf . @= k| f rLg sfnsf fhfdxffhfxsf] dfgaf] w s sLlt{;"rs kbjL . #
sLlt{ oz . > lj?bfjnL gf) != sljtf jf uBaf6 ulg] fh:t'lt . @= u'0f, pbftf, kfqmd cfl
sf] lj:t[t j0f{g ;lj:tf k|z+;f .

syf cflb) b'vfGt . ] Lsf] la5f]8n] 56k6fPsL gflosf ljof]lugL gf) [;+)] != k|d ljlx0f
L . @= ljof]uLsf] :qLk . #= ljifd kfpdf qmdzM b'O{ ;u0f, Ps hu0f cGtdf u'? x'g],
;d kfpdf qmdzM ;u0f, eu0f, u0f n3' Pj+ u'? x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . ljof]uL gf) [;+)]
!= k|]ldsf;Fu la5f]8 ePsf] k|]dL ljxL gfos . @= rv]jf . lj) #= 5'lPsf] k[ys\ . ljof
]hs lj) [;+)] != ljof]u ufpg] 5'fpg] cnu kfg]{ . @= ul0ftdf cGt lgsfNg] . ljof]hg g
+)] != Pscsf{nfO{ cnUofpg] jf 5'fpg] sfd . @= b'O{ ;\Vofsf aLr cGt lgsfNg] sfd 36fpg]
sfd . ljof]lht lj) [;+)] ljof]hg ufOPsf] 5'fOPsf] . ljQm lj) [;+)] @= ;f+;fls dfof
]lv cnu ePsf] pbf;Lg j}fuL . @= sg} ljifojf;gfdf nflugkg]{ cgf;Qm . #= x}fg lbSbf
$= Hofb} ftf] . %= p8]sf] w';f| ] . ^= c;Gt'i6 ;Gtf]if gdfGg] . &= l;fxf qm'4 pQ]l
> ljlQm gf) != ;f+;fls ljifob]lv 6f9f xg] sfd ljfu j}fUo . @= lbSbfL lvGgtf pbf;
;Gt'li6 ck|;Ggtf . lj\u lj) [;+)] cg]s \usf] \uLr\uL . > lj\uL lj) \uLr\uL
!= ljz]if lsl;dn] ;hfpg] sfd fd|f] ;hfj6 . @= lgdf{0f agf]6 rgf . ljlrt lj) [;+)] !
|f] lsl;dn] rgf ulPsf] agfOPsf] . @= n]lvPsf] lnlvt lrt (k':ts, n]v, sljtf cflb) . v"
;hfOPsf] l;Fufk6f ulPsf] . ljl~r gf) [;+)] a|Xdf . ;'t gf) gfb . ljt lj) [;+)]
x6]sf] jf x6fOPsf] lgj[Q . @= df]xaGwgdf gkm;]sf] ljQm . > ljlt gf) ljt x'g] efj jf c
:yf ljlQm pbf;Lgtf . ljyljyL lj) [;+)] != ydf jf c sg} ;jfLdf gr9]sf] k}bn . @=
] yxLg ufOPsf] . ljn lj) [;+)] != ck]Iffs[t sd yf]} . @= aLraLrdf vfnL x]sf] 3gf g
tnf] . #= Hofb} sd dfqfdf kfOg] b'n{e lanfsf]6L . tf gf) != ljn x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt
o"gtf . @= Wjlgsf] ultdf qmda4tf geO{ km8\sf] df]h:tf] cj:yf . lj; lj) [;+)] != ; ge
Psf] lal;nf] gL; . @= :jfb gePsf] a]:jfbsf] . #= dg gkg]{ clk|o . $= vf] ss{z (:jef
ljx gf) [;+)] != cnlUug] jf 5'lg] sfd la5f]8 ljof]u . @= cfkmGt jf k|]dLk|]ldsfsf aLr
ePsf] la5f]8af6 x'g]

lj?4ljnf; lj?4 lj) [;+)] != sg} ljrf, dt, l;4fGt, OR5f, u'0f cflb;Fu d]n gvfg] lsl;d
sf] ljkLt . @= Psbd} gldNg] pN6f] k|ltsn . #= g;'xfpFbf] ck|f;\lus c;\ut . $= ljf
xdlt ljf]wL . %= zq' ljkIf j}L . ^= f]s nufOPsf] f]lsPsf] cj?4 . gf) &= j}efj zq
]w c;xdlt . cfr0f gf) lgodsf] ljkLt rNg] rfnrng jf cfr0f . kIf gf) zq'sf] kIf jf
|ltjfbLsf nflu csf]{ kIf . > lj?4fr0f gf) lj?4 cfr0f lglif4 Jojxf . ljk lj) [;+)] !=
|f] cfs[ltsf] sk e2f . @= ljleGg ksf] cg]s cfs[ltsf] . #= zf]ef gePsf] sflGtxLg >Lx
> ljkfIf lj) != Hofb} e2f jf gfd|f] cfFvf ePsf] . gf) @= lzj dxfb]j . #= dxfb]jsf u0
fxdWo] Ps u0f . $= Ps fIf; . %= Ps gfu . ^= Ps oIf . &= Ps nf]skfn . *= lsftsfndf a
g]sf] cg'dfg ulPsf], g]kfnsf] kz'klt cfo{3f6df cjl:yt Ps kfiff0fd"lt{ . ljkL lj) s'k
e2f ljk . lj]rs lj) [;+)] != k]6 ;kmf x'g] uL lb;f nufpg] h'nfkm ufpg] (cf}ifwL) . @
;, don cflb lgsfNg] ;kmf kfg]{ . lj]rg gf) [;+)] != k]6sf] s;d; ofFSg] uL lb;f nufp
d h'nfkm . @= lb;f nufP k]6 ;kmf ufpg] cf}ifwL . #= b'MvfGt gf6saf6 kf7s jf bz{snfO
{ s?0ff qf; k}bf ufO{ dgsf] z'4Ls0f ug]{ gf6k|efj . ljf]rg gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ 3fd .
rGb|df h"g . #= kf}fl0fs sfnsf k|l;4 b}Tofh alnsf] afa' k|Xnfbsf] 5f]f] . ljf]w gf)
)] != sg} sfdsfafO{ f]Sgsf lglDt ulg] sf]l;; ljkLt k|oTg . @= ljleGg ts{ jf ljrfsf]
t efjgf k|ltts{ k|ltljrf . #= gldNbf] jf pN6f] l:ylt k|ltsntf . $= dte]b k"m6 . %= j}
j zq'tf b':dgL . ^= afwf cjf]w c8\sfp f]sfj6 . &= hflt, u'0f, lqmof, b|Jo cflbsf ;fy
]w j0f{g ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{n\sf . *= rf}ltsf] 5]sjf 3]f] . (= lgoGq0f f]stf]s . !)=
;\ult . ljf]ws lj) ljf]w ug]{ afwf k'ofpg] ljf]wL . stf{ lj) ljf]ws . ~ kq gf)
] sfdsfsf] v08g u] n]lvPsf] kq ljf]w b;f{pg] lnlvt kq . ~ k|bz{g gf) sg} 36gf jf l:
ljf]w hgfpg ulg] k|bz{g jf h'n; ' . > ljf]wfr0f gf) ljf]w b;f{pg ulg] sfdsf] zq'
ojxf . ljf]wfef; gf) != b'O{ jf w]} j:t'sf aLr kfOg] ljf]wsf] efg . @= lqmof, u'0f, h
flt, b|Jo cflbsf] j0f{g ubf{ ;fdfGotM ltgsf aLr ljf]wh:tf] b]lvg] Ps cyf{n\sf .
1160

ljf]wL gf) [;+)] != zq' j}L . @= ljkIfL . lj) #= ljf]w ug]{ . $= ljkLt pN6f] . %= af
kfg]{ afws . kIf gf) ljkIf . ljn gf) [;+)] Kjfn l5b| . ljnIf0f lj) [;+ ) ] != cgf} 7
f] cb\ e ' t crDdsf] . @= ;fdfGoeGbf leGg vfnsf] c;fwf0f cnf}lss . #= sg} lsl;dsf]
If0f gePsf] . ljnIo lj) [;+)] p2]Zo gePsf] nIoxLg . ljnUg lj) [;+)] != csf]{ j:t'df
6fFl;Psf] ufFl;Psf] ;+nUg . @= e'mlG8Psf] n6\lsPsf] . #= ofFlsPsf] ldlNsPsf] . $= uf
l8Psf] f]lkPsf] . %= afFlwPsf] a4 . ljn\3g gf) [;+)] != sg} vf]nf, af6f] cflb gfg] j
m8\sg] sfd . @= cf1f gdfGg] Jojxf cg'zf;gdf gxg] sfd pNn\3g . #= vfgf 5f8\g] sfd lgf
jf; . > ljn\3gLo lj) ljn\3g ug{ of]Uo . ljnDa gf) [;+)] != tf]lsPsf] ;dosf] cjlw gfg]
sfd l9NofOF . @= ;':tL h'D;f]kg . #= em'lG8g] jf n6\sg] sfd . $=;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps
;+jT; . lj) %= laofFnf]l9nf] ca] . sfL lj) != ca] jf l9nf] ufpg] . @= sg} ljifos
oyfzSo l9nf] xf];\ eGg] p2]Zon] k|:t't ulg] (k|:tfj, sfo{qmd cflb) . ~ z'Ns gf) !=
a'emfpg'kg]{ z'Ns, sd jf b}b:t' tf]lsPsf] ;dodf ga'emfO{ a9L ljnDa u]df nfUg] z'Ns
jf cltlQm sd lzIf0f;+:yf cflbsf] z'Ns ;dodf ga'emfPdf lnOg] hldfgf l9nfO hldfgf . @=
jfxg, hxfh cflb tf]s]sf] ;doeGbf a9L c8fPdf nfUg] b08 . > ljnlDat lj) != ljnDa ePs
f] l9nf] ulPsf] . #= em'G8fOPsf] n6\sfOPsf] . #= nfdf] kflPsf] nDAofOPsf] . $= lkmFhf
Psf] km}nfOPsf] . ljnDaL lj) != l9nf] ug]{ h'D;f] . @= n6\sg] em'lG8g] . ljno gf) [;+
)] != cfgf] cl:tTj;d]t vtd x'g] uL csf{df ldNg] sfd nLg x'g] sfd no . @= vtd x'g] jf
xfpg] sfd nf]k . #= kUng] jf uNg] sfd . $= cGt ;dflKt gfz . %= ;ff ljZj vtd x'g] lqm
of jf cj:yf k|no . > ljnos lj) nLg ufpg] k|no ufpg] . ljnog gf) != nLg x'g] sfd no .
kUng] jf uNg] sfd . #= ;dflKt cGt . ljnl;t lj) [;+)] != ;lhPsf] . @= rxsbf t]lhnf]
. #= ljnf; ug]{ qmL8fzLn . $= JoQm k|s6 . gf) %= rDsg] lqmof rds sflGt . ^= k|s6 x'g
] sfd . &= k|]d k}bf ug]{ xfpefp . ljnfk gf) [;+)] ljof]u, d[To' cflbdf xflb{s b'
Mv k|s6 ub}{ ?g] sfd lanf}gf . ljnf; gf) [;+)] != ef}lts pks0fsf] klk"0f{tf jf

1161

ljlnKtljj0f{ @= aafbL gfz vtd . #= sg} j:t' lnP efUg] sfd n'6lk6 8s}tL > ljnf]kg g
fz jf etfe'u \ kfg]{ sfd . @= s'g} j:t' lnP efUg] sfd knfog . ljnf]lkt lj) != rf]lPsf
] xfPsf] . ljnf]d lj) [;+)] != k|rlnt dfGotf, ljrf jf ;f]rfOeGbf pN6f] ljkLt . @= pN6
] qmd jf ljkLt ljlwaf6 pTkGg . gf) #= pN6f] qmd qmdxLgtf . > ljnf]dg gf) pN6f] x'g]
jf ufpg] sfd . ljnf]n lj) [;+)] != r~rn cl:y . @= rf}lt lkmFlhP xlNnPsf] . > ljnf]l
j) xNnfOPsf] . ljNj gf) [;+)] a]n . > ljNjfgf gf) zdLsf h:tf dl;gf nfdf kft rd]nLsf
cfsfsf \uLla\uL k"mn x'g] Ps hftsf] sfF8fjfn j[If . ljjIff gf) [;+)] != af]Ng] OR5f
g] jf atfpg] clenfiff . @= egfO, clek|foM Ofbf . #= d"n cfzo s]Gb|Lo efj cy{ . ljjl
Ift lj) [;+)] != eGg vf]lhPsf] slyt . @= rfxgf ulPsf] OlR5t . #= Ofbf ePsf] . > ljjlI
ftfGokjfRo gf) jfRo cy{ ljjlIft eP a'lemPkl5 csf]{ ljz]if cy{ Jo\Uo eP k|wfg kdf a'le
g] x'b F f x'g] Wjlg . ljjIf' lj) [;+)] sg} sf] k|s6 ug{ OR5f ePsf] eGg OR5's . ljjT;
f lj) [;+)] != ;Gtfg gePsL af5f] d]sL (ufO{) xt'jf . gf) @= af5f]af5L d]sL ufO{ . lj
j gf) [;+)] != b'nf] Kjfn . @= cf]8f u'kmf . #= vf8n vfN6f] . $= bf]if vf]6 bfu . %
;fg 7fpF lgh{g :yfg . ljj0f gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t', ljifo, 36gf, sfo{ cflbsf] lj:t[t
j0f{g aofg j[QfGt gfnLa]nL . @= JofVof 6Lsf . #= l;nl;nf a]xf]f . ~ tflnsf gf) ljj0
vPsf] sf]7] sfut ljj0fsf] ;"rL . ~ kq gf) != sg} j:t', sfd jf 36gfsf] ljj0f n]lvPsf]
kq . @= ;ef, uf]i7L cflbdf lbOg] JofVofgdf k]sf ljifoj:t'sf] a]xf]f n]lvPsf] sfut
. #= ;"lrt ulg] sf jf j:t'sf] s]xL ljj0f klg n]lvPsf] ;"rLkq . > ljjl0fsf gf) sg} j:
fd jf 36gf cflbsf] 5f]6f] ljj0f . ljj0fL gf) != pRr kbflwsfLsxfF k7fpg tof kflPsf] l
6 . @= s'g} j:t', sfd, 36gf cflbsf] 5f]6f] ljj0f . ljjh{g gf) [;+)] != TofUg] jf 5
f]8\g] sfd . @= pk]Iff a]jf:tf . #= f]s 5]s . $= lgif]w dgfxL . ljjlh{t lj) [;+)] !=
cgfjZos jf cg'kof]uL dfg] 5f]l8Psf] Tofu ulPsf] . @= jf:tf gulPsf] gLr dflPsf] . #=
nufOPsf] lgif]w ulPsf] lglif4 . ljj0f{ lj) [;+)] != gfd|f] k ePsf] j0f{ lau|]sf] s

;DkGgtfn] zL jf dgnfO{ cfglGbt t'Nofpg] sfd ;'v;on P];cffd df]hdHhf . @= v]nsb qmL8
gf]ljgf]b . $= k'?ifsf k|lt cg'fu jf k|]d k}bf ufpg] :qLsf] r]i6fljz]if gfLsf] xfpef
p . %= :qL k'?ifsf aLrsf] cfsif{0f sfd'stf nDk6tf . s gf) dgf]~hg s . ~ ejg gf)
ug]{ 3 jf baf ljnf; ug]{ 7fpF ltu[x . ~ dlGb gf) ljnf;ejg . > ljnfl;sf gf) f[u \
] pkkssf] Ps e]b . ~ ljnfl;gL lj) != sfd's rlq ePsL ;'GbL -:qL_ . gf) @= j]Zof ul0fsf
. ljnf;L lj) != a9L ;' v ;on ug] { . @= sfdjf;gfdf nDk6 . #= ljgf]blk|o . $=pHofn
f] . gf) %= l;s JolQm . ^= sfdb]j . ljlnKt lj) [;+)] lnkkf]t ulPsf] kf]ltPsf] . ljnL
g lj) [;+)] != sg} j:t'df 3f]lnPsf] no ePsf] . @= gb]lvg] cb[Zo n'Kt . #= kUn]sf] un]
f] . $= Pscsf{;u F hf]lPsf] ;Da4 . %= d]sf] d[t . > ljnLgLs0f gf) != sg} Ps j:t' csf
j:t'df g5'lg] uL ldnfpg] jf 3f]Ng] sfd PsLs0f . @= ufEg] jf ljnLg ug]{ sfd ljnog . lj
n'Kt lj) [;+)] !=nf]k ePsf] a]kQf ePsf] cb[Zo . @= efFlrPsf] 6'lqmPsf] elTsPsf] . #=
n'l6Psf] ckx0f ulPsf] ckt ckxl/t . $= gfz ulPsf] ljgi6 . ljn]v gf) [;+)] ;Demf}tf
bfsf] ljj0f lbOPsf] ;DalGwt JolQmff ljlwjt\ x:tfIf ulPsf] lnlvt jf df}lvs ;fwgkq ;+
] . > ljn]vg gf) != e'Os F{ f jg:klt v's{g] jf tf5\g] sfd . @= vghf]t . #= af]6la
?jf pv]Ng] sfd . ljn]k gf) [;+)] != zL ;'Gb kfg{sf nflu 3l;g] ;'uGwL t]n jf b|Jo c\u
'sj f . @= ejg jf kvf{nsf leQfdf lnlkg] j:t' lnpg . > ljn]kg gf) != zLdf t]n, ;'uGwL
b|Jo, n]k, dnd cflb bNg] sfd . @= zLdf 3:g] ;'uGwL b|Jo c\ufu . #= lnlkg] j:t' lnpg
ljnf]sg gf) [;+)] != fd|f] lsl;dn] x]g]{ sfd b[li6 x]fO b]vfO . @= ;f]Rg] jf ljrf u
sfd . #= hfFRg] sfd kLIf0f . $= cfFvf b[li6 . > ljnf]sgLo lj) != x]g{ nfos bz{gLo .
@= ;'Gb fd|f] . ljnf]lst lj) [;+) ] != fd|L x]lPsf] cjnf]lst . @= ;f]rljrf ulPsf]
r ulPsf] kLlIft . ljnf]rg gf) [;+)] cfFvf g]q . ljnf]8g gf) [;+)] != x'8 F Ng] jf dYg
sfd dGyg . @= xNnfpg] jf rnfpg] sfd cfnf]8g . ljnf]l8t lj) [;+)] ljnf]8g ulPsf] . l
jnf]k gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' gePsf] l:ylt cefj .

ljjt{ljj]rs @= k'm\u p8]sf] lkmSsf lsl;dsf] () . #= cg'xfdf t]h gePsf] k'mtL{ gePsf]
GtxLg . gf) $= a|fXd0f, Iflqo cflb rf j0f{b]lv leGg hflt . %= gLr :jefjsf] JolQm
. tf gf) != ljj0f{ x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . @= afWotf nfrfL . ljjt{ gf) [;+)] != hn cf
lb 3'Dg] jf rSs vfg] lqmof kms{g] lqmof . @= kljt{g . #= e|d e|flGt . > ljjt{g ljjt{
x'g] lqmof jf efj rSs 3'dfO . ljjlt{t lj) != 3'd]sf] rSs vfPsf] . @= kljlt{t . ljjw{
) [;+)] != a9\g] sfd jf lsl;d j[l4 . @= pGglt . ljjlw{t lj) [;+)] != j[l4 ulPsf] a9f
OPsf] . @= pGgt ljsl;t . #= ;d[4 . $= ;Gt'i6 . ljjz lj) [;+)] != cfgf] OR5f gx'Fbfg
x'Fb} jf cfgf] OR5fljkLt sg} sfd ug{ afWo ePsf] afWo nfrf . @= cfk"mv';L lxF88'n ug{
f cGo sg} sfdsf ug{ gkfpg] cfgf] jzdf gePsf] kfwLg ktGq . #= a]xf]; . tf gf) !=
f] efj jf cj:yf . @= afWotf nfrfL . ljj;gljj:q lj) [;+)] zLdf sg} lsl;dsf] j:q gePsf
uf gnfPsf] gf\uf] lbuDa . ljjfb gf) [;+)] != sg} ljifo, ;d:of jf sfnfO{ lnP ulg]
fbljjfb . @= egfeg snx emu8f . #= k|ltjfb v08g . u|:t lj) ljjfb jf emu8f ePsf] ljjfb
jf 5nkmn ug'{kg]{ ljjfbf:kb . ~ tYo gf) != jfbljjfb;DaGwL tYo jf k|Zg . @= kIfljkI
fsf cff]k k|Toff]kaf6 k}bf ePsf] ;sffTds gsffTds b'j} x'g ;Sg] jf:tljs a'Fbf . ~ lji
o gf) jfbL jf k|ltjfbL sg} kIfff k]; ulPsf] lnlvt kqdf Ps kIfn] ;sf]sf] csf]{ kIfn]
sf u]sf] lglZrt d'Vo k|df0f . ~ :yug gf) rlnx]sf] ljjfb jf 5nkmn g6'\lub} aLr}df f]
] lqmof ljjfbnfO{ :ylut ug]{ lqmof . > ljjfbfGt lj) != rlnx]sf] ljjfbsf] cGt x'g] j
f ePsf] ljjfb 6'\lug] . @= ;ef cflbdf p7]sf] ljjfb ;dfKt ug{nfO{ k|:t't ePsf] jf ;
efdf rn]sf] s'fsf ljifodf ePsf] ljjfb ;lsPkl5 lg0f{ofy{ k]; ulPsf] (k|:tfj) . ljjf
bf:kb lj) ljjfbu|:t . ljjfbL gf) != ljjfb jf emu8f ug]{ ljjfbk|]dL . @= ;\uLtdf funfO
{ ljs[t kfg]{ :j . #= b'O{ :jsf aLrdf b'O{ >'lt jf cw{ :jsf] cGt x'g] lqmof . ljjfx g
f) [;+)] :qL k'?ifsf aLrdf kltkTgLsf] ;DaGw sfod ufpg] wfld{s, ;fdflhs s[To lax] .
~ btf{ gf) != sfg'gcg';f ljjfxsf] pd] k'us ] f :qLk'?ifn] kDkfut kdf wfld{s jf ;fdfl
s ljlwcg';f ljjfx guLsg kltkTgLsf kdf xg rfx]df k|dv ' lhNnf clwsfLsf] sfof{nodf uO{
btf{ ufpg] sfg'gL ljjfxsf] ljlw . @=
1162

ljjfx ePsf hf]8Ln] ufpF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/kflnsfdf uO{ ljjfx k|dfl0ft ug]{ sfd uf
pF ljsf; ;ldlt jf gu/ kflnsfn] ljjfxsf] clen]v /fVg] sfd . ~ 8fnf] gf) klZrd g]kf
ndf rn]sf] rngcg';f ljjfxsf] lbg ls6fg ug{ k7fOg] sf];]nL . ~ k~rdL gf) d\l; dlxgfsf
] z'SnkIfdf kg]{ fdrGb|sf] ;Ltfsf ;fy ljjfx ePsf] eg] dflgPsf] k~rdL . (o; lbg hgs
k'wfddf pT;j dgfOG5 7"nf] d]nf klg nfU5) . ~ ljR5]b gf) bDktLdWo] klt jf kTgLn] jf
b'jn } ] k:k kltkTgLsf kdf xg grfx]df ;fd"lxs jf sfg'gL ljlwcg';f ulg] ;DaGwe\u kf
. > ljjflxt lj) wfld{s, ;fdflhs jf sfg'gL ljlwcg';f ljjfxaGwgdf afFlwPsf] ljjfx eP
sf] . ljjflxtf lj) lax] ulPsL ljjfx ePsL (:qL) . ljljw lj) [;+)] cg]s k|sfsf] efFltef
ltsf] ljleGg lsl;dsf] yLyLsf] . cfo gf) juL{s0f gulPsf] sndaf6 cfDbfgL ePsf] sd .
juL{s0f gulPsf] sndaf6 vr{ ePsf] sd . tf gf) ljljw x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljleGgtf c
tf . > ljljwLs0f gf) != ljljw jf cg]s lsl;dsf] agfpg] lqmof . @= ljljw jf cg]s kdf
5'fpg] lqmof . ljj[t lj) [;+)] != j0f{sf] pRrf0fdf lha|f] tfn'eGbf tn emL d'vljj a9L
'nf x'g] (k|oTg) v'n]sf] . @= To;L pRrf0f x'g] cj:yf jf j0f{ (b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfdf cf :
. > ljj[lt gf) != c:ki6 ePsf] sg} ;"q cflbnfO{ :ki6 ufpg n]lvPsf] 6Lsf, efio cflb
. @= ljj0f . ljj[Q lj) [;+)] != rSs vfPsf] 3'd]sf] . @= kms]{sf] lkm]sf] k|Tofut . >
j[lQ gf) != ljjt{g . @= gePsf], gk'u]sf] sf a9L ePsf] sfaf] 5nkmn x'g] sfd jf k|lqm
. #= lj:tf . ljj]s gf) [;+)] != c;nvfa, ;Toc;To, GofocGofo cflb 5'fpg] lqmof, Ifdtf j
f 1fg . @= ;Tosf] 1fg oyfy{sf] 1fg . #= k|s[lt k'?ifsf] leGgtfsf] 1fg . $= a'l4 ;d
em . k"0f{ lj) c;nvfa, ;Toc;To, GofocGofo cflb 5'fpg] zlQm ePsf] ljj]szLn a'l4dfg\ .
jfg\ lj) ljj]sL ljj]s ePsf] (JolQm) . ~ zf:q gf) ljj]s;DaGwL sfsf] ;}4flGts rrf{ ePsf
] zf:q jf ljBf . zLn lj) ljj]s ePsf] ljj]sL :jefjsf] . ~ z"Go lj) ;Toc;To, GofocGof
o, c;nvfa cflb 5'fpg] zlQm gePsf] ljj]s gePsf] a'l4xLg . > ljj]sfwLg lj) ljj]ssf edf
]sf] ljj]sdf cfl>t . ljj]sL lj) ljj]szLn ljj]sjfg\ . jfg\ lj) ljj]sL ljj]s ePsf] (Jo
Qm) . ljj]rs lj) [;+)] != sg} zf:qLo ljifo jf ljifoj:t'sf] ljj]rgf ug]{ zlQm ePsf]
. @= u'0fbf]ifsf] ljrf ug]{

1163

ljj]rgljj]rgfljz]if kdflwsf . @= s;}sf] kb, l:ylt cflbaf6 pTkGg x'g] ljz]if clwsf . l
jlzi6Ls0f gf) [;+)] sg} sfd jf sfnfO{ ljlzi6 k lbg] efj, u'0f, cj:yf, lqmof jf k|lqmo
. ~ tflnsf gf) s'g} ljifo jf s'fnfO{ ljlzi6 kdf b]vfpg tof ulPsf] ;"rL jf km]xl:t .
jzL0f{ lj) [;+)] != k'fgf] eP jf cGo sf0fn] yf]lqP 6'6 ] k'm6]sf] hL0f{zL0f{ yf]qf]
] . @= v;]sf] jf em]sf] . #= ;'s]sf] em'l{Psf] . $= cf]OnfPsf] . ljz'4 lj) [;+)] !=
ljz]if lsl;dn] z'4 ulPsf] w]} z'4 clt rf]vf] . @= c j:t' jf sf gldl;Psf] . #= 5nsk6
sf] kfk gePsf] lgikfk . $= sg} sn\s jf bfu gePsf] lgisn\s . gf) %= x7of]udf k|o'Qm x'
] if6\rqmdWo] kfFrf}F . tf gf) ljz'4 x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf z'4tf kljqtf . ljz'
l4 gf) [;+)] != ljz'4tf . @= bf]if, z\sf cflb x6fpg] efj jf lqmof . jfb gf) b"lift
k|efjaf6 hf]luP ljz'4 xg'k5{ eGg] Ps l;4fGt . ljz[v \ n lj) [;+)] != z[v \ nfa4 kdf g
sf] l;nl;nf gldn]sf] 5lPsf] c:tJo:t . @= s;}sf] cg'zf;gdf gx]sf] dof{bfdf gx]sf] pR
n . tf gf) ljz[v \ n x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf 5k':6fOF . ljz]if lj) [;+)] != u'0f, wd{,
f0f cflbdf ceGbf a9\tf ceGbf ljlzi6 lsl;dsf] c;fwf0f . @= ljnIf0f . #= clws . gf) $=
ljlzi6tf . %= Gofozf:qcg';f b|Jo, u'0f, sd{, ;fdfGo, ljz]if, ;djfo, cefj cflb ;ft
kbfy{dWo] Ps . ^= ljz]if u'0fff j:t'sf] klro ufOFbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . &= sg} vf; k
lt jf ;dodf sfof{lGjt x'g] jf rNg]rnfOg] (h:tf] ljz]if pTkfbg, ljz]if sfd, ljz]if
8fFs, ljz]if 5'6, ljz]if k|:tfj O)) . clVtof gf) sg} ljz]if ;do, kll:ylt jf sfddf k
|of]u ug{ ;lsg] uL k|fKt ePsf] clwsf . cbfnt gf) ljz]if sf0f kll:ylt cflbaf6 pTkGg
sf sfafO{ jf d'2fdfldnfsf] 5fglag uL lg0f{o ug{ ul7t cbfnt . > ljz]ifs gf) != Ps} l
qmofkbsf ;fy cGjo ulg] tLg Znf]ssf] ;d'bfo . @= sg} j:t'xaf6 cnUofpg] ljz]if lrXg .
#= ltns . $= ljz]if0f . %= ;fdfGo eO{ g5'lPsf] sf sf0fjz 5'lPsf] x'Fbf kg]{ Ps cn\sf
sfg'g gf) ;fdfGotof k|rlnt P]g, sfg'g, lgoddf Joj:yf gulPsf] t sg} vf; ;do, kll:ylt
jf ljifodf nfu" x'g] sfg'g . ~ sf]if gf) ljz]if sfd jf p2]Zosf lglDt 5'fOPsf] jf 5'fO
g] sf]if . ~ u|fXotf gf) sg} sfdsf jf ;]jf cflbdf cnfO{ eGbf of]Uo, cg'ejL cflb

ljrfk"js { lg0f{o ug]{ dLdf+;s ;dLIfs . ljj]rgljj]rgf gf) [;+)] != fd|f]gfd|f], ;Toc
cflb 5'fpg] jf kfv ug]{ sfd ljj]rgf ;dLIff . @= ;t\ c;t\sf] ljrf 5fglag . > ljj]r
lj) ljj]rgLo . ljj]rgLo lj) fd|f]gfd|f], c;nvfa cflb 5'fpg'kg]{ u'0fbf]if cflb s]nfp
g]{ ljj]rgf ug'k { g]{ ljj]rgf ug{ of]Uo . ljj]Ro lj) [;+)] ljj]rgf ug{ of]Uo ljj]rg
f ug'{kg]{ ljj]rgLo . ljz\s' gf) [;+)] nlntk' gusf] blIf0fklsf] uf]bfjL hfg] af6f]df
]{ Ps ufpF jf a:tL . ~ gffo0f gf) ;f]xL a:tLsf] k"jk { lsf] 8fF8fdf u'kmfleq x]sf] T
o;} gfdn] k|l;4 gffo0fsf] d"lt{ . ljzb lj) [;+)] != :jR5 lgd{n . @= lj:t[t kmfs . ljz
No lj) [;+)] != si6, lrGtf jf j]bgf gePsf] . @= si6lxt lgis06s . ljzfvf gf) [;+)] !=
;QfO; gIfqdWo] ;f]x|f}F gIfq . lj) @= zfvf jf xfFuf gePsf] (nxf cflb) . ljzfb lj)
[;+)] != sg} ljifodf bIf ljz]if1 (h:tf] lzIffljzfb, lrlsT;fljzfb cflb) . @= kl08t lj
. #= pQd >]i7 . ljzfn lj) [;+)] != cfsfk|sf, cfotg cflbsf b[li6n] w]} km}lnPsf] Hofb
7"nf] a8]dfsf] lj:t[t . @= Hofb} cUnf] pGgt . #= eJo ;fgbf . tf gf) ljzfn x'gfsf]
jf cj:yf km}nfj6 . ahf gf) != gfulsxsf ;fdfGotof ;a}h:tf pkef]Uo j:t' Pp6} ejgdf k|
Kt ufpg] p2]Zon] :yfkgf ulPsf] ljzfn cfsfsf] ahf . @= sf7df8f}}sf] wd{kydf rn]sf] ;f
]xL gfpFsf] Ps ahf . > ljzfnfIf lj) nfdf, 7"nf cfFvf ePsf] ljzfn cfFvf ePsf] . ljzf
nfIfL lj) != nfdf, 7"nf cfFvf x'g] (:qL) . gf) @= kfj{tL . #= Ps b]jL jf of]lugL
. $= gfubGtL . ljlzv gf) [;+)] != z af0f . @= efnfsf] 5fF6sf] Ps yL xltof . lj) #= 6'
kL gePsf] lzvfxLg . ljlzi6 lj) [;+)] ceGbf ljz]if lsl;dsf] ljz]iftf ePsf] dflyNnf] t
xsf] c;fwf0f . tf lj) ljlzi6 x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt j}lzi6 . k|fWofks gf) k|fWofksx
jlzi6 of]Uotf jf k|ltef ePsf k|fWofksxnfO{ lbOg] bhf{ ;f] cg'ksf] ;'ljwf . n]vf kLI
f0f gf) ljz]if sf0fjz lgoldt n] v fkLIf0fsf] cltlQm ulg] n]vfkLIf0f . >]0fL gf) lg
;]jfcGtu{t >L % sf] ;sfsf] ;x;lrj jf ;f] ;xsf] kbeGbf dflyNnf] kb jf >]0fL . > ljl
zi6flwsf gf) != sg} b]zsf fhf, fi6klt jf k|wfg zf;sdf lglxt ljz]if lsl;dsf] clwsf

ljz]if1ljZn]ifs s;}nfO{ klxnf] :yfg lbg] sfd jf lqmof k|fyldstf . ljz]if1 lj) [;+)]
sg} ljifo ljz]if kn] hfGg] jf To; ljifodf ;fdfGotM csf] eGbf a9L 1fg ePsf] sg} sfddf
a9L hfgsfL k|fKt u]sf] sg} sfdsfdf ljz]if1tf ePsf] . tf gf) ljz]if1 x'gfsf] efj,
f cj:yf . ljz]if0f lj) [;+)] != ;\Vof, kldf0f, u'0f, wd{ cflbff sg} j:t'sf] ljz]iftf
'emfpg] jf hfx] ug]{ (zAb) . gf) @= Jofs0fdf gfd jf ;j{gfd zAbsf] u'0f, wd{, kldf0f
, ;\Vof cflb hfx] ug]{ zAb gfd, ;j{gfdsf] ljz]iftf hfx] ug]{ zAb . ljz]iftM lqm) lj)
[;+)] ljz]if u] vf;uL . ljz]iftf gf) [;+)] ljz]if x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf c;fwf0ftf c;
tf ljnIf0ftf . ljz]if k|xL gf) [;+)] != sg} ;\3, ;+:yf, sfof{no cflbdf sfg'gsf] Lt k'
O{ jf gk'ofO{ e|i6frf, sdsndsf] lxgfldgf u]df jf u]sf] nfu]df cfjZos sfafO{ ug]{ ljz]
f clwsf ePsf] k|xL jf ;f];DaGwL cf . @= sg} :yfgdf ePsf] u8a8L, czflGt cflbnfO{ lgoG
q0f ug{ lgoldt kdf x]sf :yfgLo k|xLxaf6 gk'Ug] ePdf ljz]if kdf yKg flvPsf] k|xL . lj
f k'ln; gf) [;+) ljz]if c\) k'ln;] ljz]if k|xL . ljz]if labf gf) [;+) ljz]if c) labfc
;sfL jf cw{;sfL ;+:yf, sfof{no cflbsf sd{rfLnfO{ ljz]if kll:yltdf k"f tnaL, cfwf tn
a]tnaL kdf lbOg] labf . ljz]if df}lb|s clwsf gf) [;+)] != fi6Aof\sdf jf s'g} zf;gflws
df lglxt d'bf| ;DaGwL ljz]if k|sfsf] clwsf . ljz]if of]Uotf gf) [;+)] != sg} kbsf nf
lu cfjZos eg] lgwf{lt of]UotfeGbf a9L of]Uotf . @= sg} kLIffdf lgwf{lt ljifodWo] sg},
s]xL jf ;a} kqdf krxQ k|ltzteGbf a9L c\s k|fKt ubf{ b]lvg] of]Uotf ljz]if lsl;dsf]
bIftf . ljz]if ;ef gf) [;+)] ljz]if ;do, kll:yltdf jf ljz]if sfdsf nflu a;]sf] ;ef
ljz]if k|sfsf] ;ldlt . ljz]if ;fk6L gf) [;+) ljz]if ;fk6L] ljz]if ;do, kll:yltdf jf l
jz]if sfdsf nflu lnOg] jf lbOg] ;fk6L . ljz]iff\s gf) [;+)] sg} klqsfsf] sg} ljz]if
;do jf kj{df lgSng] c\s lgoldt c\seGbf cltlQm lgSn]sf] ljz]if lsl;dsf] c\s . ljz]iffl
wsf gf) [;+)] sg} JolQm, ;+:yf, ;\u7g cflbdf lglxt ljz]if lsl;dsf] clwsf vf; ;do, kl
lt jf sfddf k|of]u ulg] ljz]if lsl;dsf] clwsf . ljz]iff]lQm gf) [;+)] ;flxTodf sf0f
x'Fbfx'Fb} klg sfo{sf] pTklQ gePsf] b]vfpFbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf .
1164

ljz]io gf) [;+)] != Jofs0fdf ljz]if0fff j0f{g ulg] jf ljz]iftf atfOg] j:t' jf kbfy{ l
z]if0f nfu]sf] gfdzAb ljz]if0fo'Qm zAb . lj) @= u'0f, lqmof, kldf0f cflbff 5'fpg ;lsg
leGg b]vfpg of]Uo . #= d'Vo k|wfg . ljzf]s lj) [;+)] lrGtf ug'k { g]{ sg} sf gePsf] z
]s gePsf] zf]slxt czf]s . ljzf]wg gf) [;+)] != s'g} kbfy{df ePsf] jf ldl;Psf] kmf]xf
]d}nf jf cz'4 kbfy{nfO{ ofFsL jf cnu uL fd|L z'4 ug]{ lqmof ;+zf]wg . @=k|folZrQ . >
jzf]wgLo lj) ljzf]wg ug{ of]Uo jf plrt ljzf]wg x'g ;Sg] . ljzf]lwt lj) [;+)] sg} j:t
'df ePsf] kmf]xf], d}nf jf cz'4 kbfy{nfO{ ofFsL jf cnu uL fd|L z'4 kflPsf] ljz]if ls
af6 ;+zf]wg ulPsf] . ljzf]Wo lj) [;+)] ljz'4 jf kljq kfg{of]Uo . lj>fGt lj) [;+)] !
= lj>fd ug]{ la;fO dfg]{ . @= lj>flGtdf k'u]sf] c8]sf] . #= yfs]sf] SnfGt . lj>flGt
gf) [;+)] != yfn]sf] sfd ;s] jf g;Sb} ysfO dfg]{ jf ;':tfpg] lqmof . @= f]u cflbaf
6 ePsf] sdhf]LnfO{ d]6fpg :jf:Yonfe ug{ cffd lng] lqmof . #= gf]sL cflbaf6 cjsfz kf
O;s]kl5 a'9; ] sfndf cffd lng] sfd . ~ sfn gf) != sfd ubf{ub}{ aLrsf] ;dodf ysfO d
fg{ lglZrt ulPsf] ;do cNkfjsfz . @= gf]sL cflb k];faf6 cjsfz lnPkl5 cffd lng] ;do cjs
fzsfn . ~ wfd gf) != ysfO, b'Mv, kL, cflbaf6 lj>fd lng] 3 lj>fd lng] 7fpF . @= ;f+;f
ls b'Mv, k|k~raf6 lj>fd lng] 7fpF d[To' jf O{Zj . lj>fd gf) [;+)] sfd ubf{sf] ysfO d
]6g \ jf kl>daf6 ys dfg{ ;':tfpg] sfd lj>flGt la;fO . ~ sIfu[x gf) sg} ofqfdf hfFbf
xjfO{hxfh cflb ;jfL;fwg jf ofg gcfpGh]n ofqLxsf] lj>fdsf nflu agfOPsf] sf]7f] k|tLI
ffno . ~ ejg gf) ;sfL jf lghL sg} sfdsfhdf hfg] jf 3'Dg hfg] ;sfL sd{rfL jf cGo JolQ
] ef]hg, lj>fd cflbsf lgldQ agfOPsf] sRrL jf kSsL ejg . ~ :yfg gf) lj>fd ug]{ 7fp
F la;fOynf] . > lj>fdfno gf) sg} ofqfdf jf jgef]h cflbdf hfFbf vfg]lkpg] lj>fd lng]
7fpF . lj>'t lj) [;+)] != sg} lsl;dsf] u'0f, of]Uotf jf ljz]iftfn] ubf{ htf;'s} k|
l;4 ePsf] k|Voft ljVoft . @= k9]n]v]sf] hfg];'g]sf] . > lj>'lt gf) lj>'t x'gfsf] efj
jf cj:yf Voflt k|l;l4 . ljlZni6 lj) [;+)] != ljZn]if0f ePsf] jf 5'lPsf] . @= k'mn]s
f] ljsl;t . ljZn]ifs lj) [;+)] ljZn]if0f ug]{ ljZn]if0fsf k|lqmofcg';f

1165

ljZn]if0fljZjJofksljZjJofkL k'ofP pgLxnfO{ zfLls tyf dfgl;s ljsf;sf] cj; k|bfg ug]{
on] ;+oQ ' m fi6;\3cGtu{t ul7t Ps sf]if ljZjsf afnsxsf] sNof0fsf lglDt :yflkt ePsf] s
f]if . ~ a}s \ gf) ljZjsf ula b]znfO{ cfjZos cfly{s ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{ ljZjsf] ;Gt'
lnt cfly{s ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+o'Qm fi6;\3cGtu{t :yflkt Aof\s ljZjsf] ;femf Aof\s .
ef]s d'lQm cleofg gf) ljZjdf x'g] vfBfGgsf] cefj f]Sg jf ljZjsf hgtfnfO{ ef]saf6
d'lQm lbnfpg] p2]Zon] rnfOPsf] cleofg . ~ d~r gf) ljZjsf ofjt\ sfx x'g], 36\g] jf lj
Zjsf cfly{s, fhgLlts cflb ljleGg k|sfsf v]nx ;~rflnt x'g] d~r ljZj\ud~r . ~ dxf;\3
+o'Qm fi6;\3 . ljZjDe lj) [;+)] != ljZjsf] e0fkf]if0f ug]{ . gf) O{Zj lji0f' . #= l
f{ . > ljZjDef gf) != ljZjsf] e0fkf]if0f ug]{ b]jL eujtL . @=k[YjL . ljZjfhgLlt gf) [
+)] ljZjsf sg} b]zsf] jf ljZjsf ljleGg b]zsf aLrsf], ljZjnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ vfnsf]
fhgLlt ljZjsf] fhgLlt . ljZjk gf) [;+)] != ljZjsf ljleGg k|f0fLxsf] lz, w]} xftuf]
sf] ;a} lsl;dsf k|f0fLsf kdf Psq b]vf k]sf], uLtfdf jl0f{t eujfg\ s[i0fsf] ljzfn k
. @= ljZjsf kdf b]vf k]sf] O{Zj . #= ljZjsf] l:ylt jf k . > ljZjkL lj) != ljZjk;DaGw
@= ljleGg kdf k|s6 x'g] . ljZj ljhoL lj) [;+)] ;+;felsf] ljh]tf . ljZj ljVoft lj) [;
+)] ljZjel gfd km}lnPsf] ljZjk|l;4 nf]slj>'t . ljZjljBfno gf) [;+)] ljZjsf ljleGg lj
ifo jf ljleGg lsl;dsf zf:qxsf] pRrsf]l6sf] lzIff k|bfg ug]{, ;DalGwt ljifodf ljBf
yL{xsf] kLIff lng] pQL0f{ ljBfyL{xnfO{ tbg';f pkflw k|bfg ug]{ lzIffsf] ;jf]{Rr ;+:y
fg . ~ ;ef gf) ljZjljBfnosf] cfly{s, z}lIfs cflb dxjk"0f{ sfsf] lg0f{o ug]{ ljZjljBf
no;Fu ;DalGwt cGo cfjZos gLltlgdf{0f ug]{, ljZjljBfnosf] ;jf]{Rr ;ef . ~ ;]jf cf
of]u gf) ljZjljBfnosf lzIfs tyf sd{rfLxsf] lgo'lQm, a9'jf cflb ubf{ cfjZos kLIff, cG
tjf{tf{ cflb lng] ;f]cg';f of]Uo pd]bjfnfO{ lgo'lQmsf] l;kmfl; ug]{ ljZj ljBfno;]jf
sf] ;'b[9Ls0fdf plrt kfdz{ lbg] cfof] u . > ljZjljBfnoLo lj) ljZjljBfno;DaGwL ljZjlj
Bfnosf] . ljZjlj>'t lj) [;+)] ljZjljVoft . ljZjJofksljZjJofkL lj) [;+)] ljZjdf ;j{q
9fs] x]sf] ;a} 7fpF cf]u6] a;]sf] ;+;felsf] ljZjel JofKt ePsf] .

sg} ljifo jf sfnfO{ 5'fpg] . ljZn]if0f gf) [;+)] != ;+lZni6 ePsf] jf Pp6}df ldn] x]
fO{ cnucnu 5'fpg] sfd jf k|lqmof . @= sg} jfSorgf cflb s]s:tf] 5 To;df s]s:tf tj 5g\
cflb sfnfO{ s]nfpg] k|lqmof . > ljZn]if0ffTds lj) ljZn]if0fsf] k|dv ' tf ePsf] ljZn]
if0fdf cfwflt ljZn]if0f k|wfg ljZn]if0fd"ns . ljZn]lift lj) [;+)] ljZn]if0f ePsf] ljZ
]if0f ulPsf] . ljZn]io lj) [;+)] ljZn]if0f x'gfsf lglDt of]Uo jf cfjZos . ljZj gf)
[;+)] != ;Dk"0f{ ;[li6 a|Xdf08 . @= ;+;f hut\ . #= vf; lsl;dsf b; b]jtfsf] Ps u0f (
j;', ;To, qmt', bIf, sfn, sfd, e[lt, s?, k'?jf dfb|jf) . sdf{ gf) != lzNkzf:q jf x:
tsnfsf cfljistf{ dflgPsf k'f0fk|l;4 Ps b]jtf b]jlzNkL . @= sfluL sfd ug]{ JolQm sflu
{ . #= kmnfdsf efF8fs8 F f jf xltof agfpg] Ps hflt sfdL . ~ sNof0f gf) ;+;fsf] enf] x
'g] sfd nf]slxt . sf]z gf) ljZjdf 36]sf jf ePsf k|dv ' 36gf, j:t' jf JolQmxsf] qmda
4 kdf ;lj:tf j0f{g ulPsf] u|Gy ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ k|d'v tyf 1ftJo sfxnfO{ k|sfz kfg]{ kl
ds ljz]if sf]z . ~ vfB sfo{qmd gf) ljZjsf sg} klg b]zdf ePsf] jf x'g] vfBfGgsf] ce
fj d]6g \ jf x6fpg vfBfGg;DaGwL cGo cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;~rflnt sfo{qmd . ~ vfB ty
f s[lif ;\u7g gf) ljZjsf] vfB j:t' tyf s[lif;DaGwL sfsf] x]ljrf tyf cGo cfjZos Joj:yf
ug{ ;+o'Qm fi6;+3cGtu{t ag]sf] ;\u7g . ~ vfB klifb\ gf) ljZjsf] vfBJoj:yf;DaGwL sfsf
]ljrf ug{ vfBfGgsf] cefj ePsf b]zsf tT;DaGwL cfjZos Joj:yf ug{ ;+o'Qm fi6;+3cGtu{t u
l7t ;ldlt jf klifb\ . hgLg lj) ljZjel km}lnPsf] ;j{q pTkGg x'g] . ~ hnjfo' lj1fg gf)
ljZjsf] hn jfo';DaGwL sfsf] hfgsfL lbg] lj1fg jf tT;DaGwL oflGqs k|lqmof . ~ 8fs gf)
cGtf{li6o x'nfs ljZjx'nfs . ~ gfuls gf) ljZjsf] g} lxt ug]{ jf sNof0f ug]{ ljz]if u'0
f jf of]Uotfsf cfwfdf ljZjsf ;a} b]zn] cfgf] b]zsf] gfuls dfg]sf] jf ;Ddfg u]sf] Jol
Qm . ~ gfulsjfb gf) ;ff ;+;fsf] Pp6} gfulstfdf ljZjf; ug]{ l;4fGt cGtf{li6o gfulst
4fGt . gfy gf) != ;+;fsf :jfdL . @= lzj dxfb]j . #= sfzLdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 lzjln\u .
fl0f gf) cdf]3l;l4 tyf tffsf k'q Ps WofgL af]lw;j k~raf]lw;jdWo] Ps . ~ aGw'Tj gf) ;f
ljZjnfO{ g} bfh'efO, sns6'Da ;Demg] efjgf jf cj:yf ljZjnfO{ g} aGw'afGwj dfGg] Ps b
z{g . ~ afnsf]if gf) ljZjsf afnsxsf] cfxfljxf;DaGwL sfdf Wofg

ljZjzflGtljifo ljZjzflGt gf) [;+)] ljZjsf b]zxdf sg} lsl;dsf] o'4, zLto'4 cflb gePsf
] ;+;fel g} zflGt JofKt ePsf] cj:yf . ljZj;gLo lj) [;+)] ljZjf; ug{ of]Uo ljZjf; ug{
x'g] ekbf]{ kToflnf] . tf gf) ljZj;gLo x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljZjf; ulg] l:ylt lj
f . ljZj:t lj) [;+)] ljZjf; ePsf] kTof ug{ ;lsg] kToflnf] ljZjfl;nf] ekbf]{ . tf
t x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . ljZj :jf:Yo ;\u7g gf) [;+)] ;+;fesf hgtfsf] :jf:Yosf] :t a9f
pg] pgsf lglDt cfjZos ;xfotf k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+oQ ' m fi6;\3cGtu{t ul7t cGtf{li6o
;+:yf . ljZjlxt gf) [;+)] ljZjsNof0f . ljZj x'nfs ;\3 gf) O) !(#% df l:j6\hNofG8sf]
ag{df :yflkt, ljZjsf x'nfsxsf] ;\3 . ljZjfTd af]w gf) [;+)] ljZjsf] cfTd:jk tyf ljZj
el JofKt dflgg] kdfTdfsf] 1fg ljZjsf r}tGo:jk cfTdfsf] 1fg . ljZjfTdf gf) [;+)] != O{
Zj (a|Xdf, lji0f', lzj) . @= ljZjel JofKt r]tgf:jk cfTdf . #= ;"o{ . ljZjfldq gf) [;
+)] Iflqoj+zdf pTkGg ePsf, a|Xdlif{sf lglDt 7"nf] tk:of uL cflvdf jlzi7ff dfGotf kfP
kl5 dfq a|Xdlif{ ePsf Ps dxlif{ Ps uf]qk|j{ts Clif ;Ktlif{dWo] Ps sf}lzs . ljZjf; gf
) [;+)] != sg} sfd, sf], JolQm, dt, gLlt cflbk|lt x'g] ;Totfsf] wf0ff b[9 cf:yf kTof
@= cf:yf >4f . #= ef];f cf8 . 3ft gf) s;}n] cfk"mk|lt u]sf] ljZjf;sf] xTof s;}sf] c
mk|lt ePsf] cf:yfsf] ljkLt cfr0f . 3fts3ftL lj) cfk" m k| l t ulPsf] ljZjf;e\u ug]
nsaf]n jf jrga4tfsf] lj?4 rNg] wf]sf lbg] wf]s]afh . ~ kfq gf) klxn]b]lv g} kTofOPs
f] of kTofpg x'g] ekbf]{ JolQm ljZjf;nfUbf] jf ljZjfl;nf] JolQm . ~ k|b lj) ljZjf;
lbnfpg] ljZjf; pAhfpg] ekbf]{ . ~ k|:tfj gf) k|ltlglw;efsf cWoIf, dlGqd08n jf c sg} ;
:yfsf cWoIf, kbflwsfL cflbdf To; ;+:yfsf ;b:oxsf] ljZjf; k|s6 ug{nfO{ k]; ulg] k|:t
fj . ~ efhg gf) ljZjf;kfq . > ljZjfl;nf] lj) kToflnf] ekbf]{ ljZjf;nfUbf] ljZjf;kfq
f;L . ljZjf;L lj) ljZjfl;nf] . ljZj]Zj gf) [;+)] != O{Zj . @= ljZjgfy . ljif gf) [;+)
] != vfPdf jf sg} lsl;dn] yf]} dfqf klg zLleq uPdf 8nfUbf] f]u jf ljsf k}bf ufpg]
1166

cGtdf Hofg;d]t lng ;Sg] jf lng] 3fts j:t' lav hx . @= kfgL . #= sdngfnsf] u'bL . $=
:jf:Yo jf ;'vzflGtnfO{ xflggf]S;fgL k'ofpg] sf . %= jT;gfe . ^= lxdfnodf kfOg] Psb
]lv kfFr ld6 cUnf], rf}8f, tLgv08], xlof e]6\g' ePsf kft x'g], kfFrb]lv afx| ;]lG6
ld6;Dd rf}8f 5b]lv ;ft ;]lG6ld6;Dd nfdf kft x'g], gLn d~hLsf kdf k"mn k'mNg], e'jfbf
kmn nfUg], cfo'j]{bdf sGb ljiffn' dflgPsf] Ps hftsf] a'6f] . sGof gf) != ;Def]u u
g]{ k'?ifnfO{ dfg]{ cfzon] afNofj:yfb]lv g} zLdf cg]s lsl;dn] ljif k|j]z ufO{ ljiff
St agfOPsL s]6L . @= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f ljjfx u]df jf ;Def]u u]df klt jf cGo sg} k'?if
dg]{ of]udf hGd]sL s]6L . Hj gf) Ps k|sfsf] s8f hf] cf}lnof Hjf] . bGt gf) ;k{s
Nnf] Rofk'df x'g,] cnfO{ 6f]Stf ljif lgSng] vf]qmf] bfFt . w gf) != ;k{ . lj) @= lj
if wf0f ug]{ ljif ePsf] . km]h gf) uf]7fn] d"nfsf 5fF6sf kft x'g] Ps hftsf] emf .
jifd lj) [;+)] != ;a} efu, c+z jf kIf ;dfg jf afa gePsf] sDt jf a]; ePsf] c;dfg . @
= ;Dd gk]sf] ;dtn gePsf] (hldg cflb) . #= b'O{ c\sn] efu gnfUg] lahf] (;\Vof) . $= ;l
n}l;t a'g g;lsg] a'g ufx|f] b'af]{Wo . %= ;DkGg ug{ cK7ff] kf ug{ d'l:sn ljs6 . ^=
f 8 k}bf ug]{ lsl;dsf] si6s eo\s . &= Ps lbg lafP cfpg] (Hjf]) . *= clwstd Go"gt
f w]} cGt ePsf] u|iddf w]} ud{ lxpFbdf w]} hf8f] x'g] . gf) (= rf} r0fdf ;dfg c
g] 5Gb . !)= b'O{ leGg ljf]w j:t'sf] ;DaGw jf oyfof]Uosf] lgk0f ubf{ kg]{ Ps cyf{
n\sf . ~ Hj gf) slxn] lr;f] slxn] tftf], slxn] dGb slxn] ta| eP clgoldt kn] cfpg]
sfdhf] . tf gf) ljifd x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf j}ifDo . Tj gf) ljifdtf . ljifdo lj) [;
ljifn] o'Qm ljif}ljifn] elPsf] . ljifd j[Q gf) [;+)] kfp jf r0f ;dfg geO{ kms x'g] j
[Q jf 5Gb c;dfg kb ePsf] 5Gb . ljifldt lj) [;+)] ljifdo t'NofOPsf] ljiffn' kflPsf] .
ljifdejg gf) [;+)] sg} zAb cyjf zAbf+zsf ;dfg j0f{xdWo] Pp6f c;dfg x'g k'Ug] efif
fj}1flgs k|lqmof . ljifo gf) [;+)] != 1fg]lGb|on] u|x0f ulg] kbfy{ (k, ;, uGw, :kz{
zAb) . @= k~rdxfe"taf6 ag]sf] j:t' jf kbfy{ ef}lts kbfy{ . #= hGdb]lv d[To'ko{Gt
ulg] nf]s;Da4 Jojxf ;f+;fls Jojxf . $= OlGb|oxsf dfWodaf6 k|fKt x'g] cfgGb OlGb|ohGo
v . %= sg} klg ljrf ulg] sf] jf j:t' . ^= sg} n]v, u|Gy cflbdf

1167

ljifo'Qmlj;\ult af]a x'g] ;do . @= @@ dfr{ @@ ;]K6]Dasf lbg kg]{ To:tf] of]u . ljif'
t\ lj) [;+)] e"uf]nsf] ardf x]sf] dfemsf] dWol:yt . ~ ]vf gf) k[Yjsf aflxtxsf] df
f pQ blIf0f w'j | sf] ;dfgfGt k"ja { f6 klZrdkl uPsf] eg sNkgf ulPsf] ]vf ljif'j
f . ~ ;\qmflGt j}zfv sflt{s dlxgfsf] ;\qmflGt . ljiff]krf gf) [;+)] ;k{, laR5 cflb
avfn' k|f0fn] 6f]s jf cGo sg} lsl;dn] zdf ljif km}lng uPdf ljif g} k|of]u u] ulg]
krf k|ltljiff]krf . ljiff]Tkfbs lj) [;+)] ljif k}bf ug]{ ljif pTkfbg ug]{ ljif pAhfpg
. ljis' gf) [;+)] jf:t' jf d"lt{df k|of]u x'g] Ps c\un ' sf] a; u'gfafasf] gfk a;
cdn a; c\u'n . ljisDeljisDes gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifsf ;QfO; of]udWo] Ps . @= cl3kl5s
f syfnfO{ dWod kfqff ;"lrt ulg], uef{\ssf lgs6 xg], gf6ssf] Ps c\s . #= afwf f]sfj6
la]cfUnf] tuff] . lji6 lj) [;+)] != 3';]sf] l5]sf] k;]sf] . gf) @= bdfO{F sfdnfO
a;fn afn lbP n'uf l;pg], v]tls;fgsf] nhf] agfpg] hflt . #= g]kfnsf] Ps y . lj
i7f gf) [;+)] u'x' lb;f . > lji7fg'fu gf) c3f] dt jf ljrfcg';f lb;f jf lji7fk|ltsf]
'fu lb;f vfg] OR5f . lji7fxf lj) lb;fsf] cfxf ug]{ lji7f vfP afFRg] . lji0f' gf) [
!= lxGb" wd{zf:qcg';f ;[li6sf] rgf ug]{, kfngf ug]{ ;+xf ug]{ tg b]jtfdWo] kfng ug
]{ b]jtf gffo0f . @= ;j{Jofks lrt\ zlQm . u'Kt gf) rf0fSo . ~ k'f0f c7f dxfk'f0fdW
lji0f'sf dlxdfsf] j0f{g ePsf] k'f0f . dt gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfleq afUdtdf ldl;P bl
If0fklZrdtkm{ aUg] Ps gb . jNnef gf) != nId . @= t'n; . #= clUglzvf . ~ lji0f'
lj) af]) cfk"mn] 9f]Ug'kg]{ jf uf]8f nfUg gx'g] JolQmnfO{ uf]8fn] slNrFbf jf nfUb
f kfk gnfuf];\ eGg] ljrfn] elgg] zAb . lj;\ut gf) [;+)] != gldn]sf] a]d]nsf] c;\ut .
= g;'xfpFbf] cof]Uo . lj;\ult gf) [;+)] gldNbf]kg a]d]nkg c;\ult . jfb gf) hjghut
} klg j:t', ljrf jf lqmofsnfkdf ;\ult gePsf] b]Vg] tyf hjgnfO{ lgM;f lgy{s 7fGg] Ps
;flxlTos b[li6sf]0f jf wf0ff lj;\ultdf ljZjf; ug]{ Ps jfb . jfb lj) lj;\ultjfbdf l
Zjf; ug]{ lj;\ultjfbsf] cg'ofo .

ljj]rgf ulPsf] sf] jf k|;\u . &= ;DklQ . *= ;df . (= p2]Zo . gf) of]) !)= af] . > lj
ifos lj) ljifo;DaGw ljifosf] . ut lj) sg} ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ePsf] ljifo d'Vo ePsf]
fok|wfg ljifod"ns . klt gf) lnR5ljsfndf lhNnfsf] 7"nf] xflsdsf] kb jf bhf{ lnR5ljsf
ng lhNnfsf] 7"nf] clwsf . ~ k|jz ] gf) != s'g} u|Gysf] ljifoj:t';u F ;fdfGo lrg
f ufpg] p2]Zon] To; u|Gysf] ;'?df lbOPsf] syg jf e"ldsf . @= s'g} ljifodf ev{} k|j
]z ug]{ lqmof s'g} ljifosf] k|fDe . ~ d"ns lj) ljifosf] k|dv ' tf ePsf] d"n kdf ljifo
;Fu ;DalGwt . j:t' sg} u|Gy, n]v cflbdf k|ltkfbg jf ljj]rgf ulg] jf ulPsf] ljifo jf
sf] . ;'v gf) != ;f+;fls ljifoj:t'sf] ef]uaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;'v ;f+;fls kbfy{af6 kfOg]
v OlGb|oxff k|fKt x'g] ;'v ;f+;fls ;'v . @= :q;Def]uaf6 k|fKt x'g] ;'v . ~ ;"r gf)
u|Gydf k] s f ljifoxsf] qmda4 ;" r  ljifofg' q mdl0fsf ljifotflnsf cg'qmdl0fsf . >
ljifofTds lj) sg} ljifol;t ;Da4 ePsf] ljifosf] k|ltkfbg g} d'Vo p2]Zo ePsf] ljifok|w
fg . ljifofg'qmdl0fsf gf) ljifo;"r . ljifofGt gf) rlnx]sf] sfsfg jf k|;\unfO{ 5f8
OPsf] csf]{ ljifo qmd, l;nl;nf jf ;Gbe{eGbf aflxsf] ljifo . ljifof;St lj) ;f+;fls lj
ifo;'vdf Hofb} cf;St ePsf] ljifojf;gfdf cf;lQm ePsf] ljifo nDk6 ljnf; . ljifof;lSt
gf) ;f+ ; fls ljifo;' v k| l tsf] lnK;f ljifojf;gfdf cTolws cg'lQm ef]uljnf;df tNng
ljifodf nfu" x'g] k|j[lQ . ljifo lj) ljifof;St . ljifo'Qm lj) [;+)] ljif ldl;Psf]
lav ePsf] . ljif lj1fg gf) [;+)] ljif;DaGw sfsf] k|ltkfbg jf ljj]rgf ePsf] lj1fg lj
if;DaGw ljz]if hfgsf lbg] zf:q . ljif j[If gf) [;+)] ljifbf j[If lavfn' v . ljif j}
B gf) [;+)] ;k{, laR5 cflb lavfn' k|f0fn] 6f]Stf zdf km}lng] ljif emfg]{ JolQm em
fk'ms u] ljif emfg]{ j}B . ljiffSt lj) [;+)] != ljifn] elPsf] lav}lav ePsf] ljif ldl
f] ljifdo . @= znfO{ xflggf]S;fg ug]{ :jf:Yo laufg]{ c:jf:Yos . ljiff0f' gf) ljiff
jf ;\qmfds f]u ;fg]{ ;"Id hjf0f' . ljiffb gf) [;+)] ;f]r]sf], rfx]sf] jf cfzf u]sf]
sf] gx'Fbf, gk'Ubf x'g] b'Mv, lvGgtf g}fZo lbSbf la:dft . > ljifflbt lj) ljiffbdf
pbfl;nf] lbSsnfUbf] lvGg . ljiffb lj) != pbf;g lvGg, @= ljif vfg] . #= ljifo'Qm .
ljiffn' lj) [;+)] ljif ldl;Psf] ljif ePsf] ljifo'Qm . ljif'j gf) [;+)] != ;"o{ ljif'
jt\v ] fdf a:bfsf] ;do lbgft

lj;+jfbljx\ud lj;+jfb gf) [;+)] != c;To syg em"6f] sf . @= ljf]w v08g . #= xKsfObKs
$= k|lt1f e\u ug]{ lqmof 5n wf]sf . %= c;xdlt . > lj;+jfb lj) != grflxFbf] sf] af]Ng
af]ns ] f] 7]ufg gePsf] . @= gldNbf] jf g;'xfpFbf] sf af]Ng] c;\ut sf ug]{ . #= k|lt1
e\u ug]{ wf]sf lbg] . lj;u{ gf) [;+)] != :jfGt zAbsf kl5lNt nfUg] s]x hf]8 lbP pR
ulg], cfwf xh:tf] Wjlg (l5M 5fM k|foM cflb) . @= :jfGt zAbsf kl5lNt b'O{ ;dfg laG
n]lvg] lrXg baf; laGb' (M) . #= sg} j:t' cflb 5f]8\g] sfd lbg] sfd Tofu bfg . lj;h{g
gf) [;+)] != k"hfcfhf ubf{ cfXjfg ulPsf b]jtfxnfO{ labf lbg] sfd . @= sg} cg'i7fg,
sfdsf, ;ef;Dd]ng cflbsf] sfo{qmd ;dfKt ug]{ jf 6'\Uofpg] sfd . #= lb;flk;fa ug]{ sfd
dnd"qsf] Tofu . $= sg} sf 5f]8\g] sfd klTofu . > lj;h{go lj) != lj;h{g ug{ of]Uo jf
lrt 5f8\g'kg]{ klTofHo . @= k7fpg jf x6fpg nfos . lj;lh{t lj) [;+)] != lj;h{g ePsf] w
fld{s, fhglts, ;fdflhs cflb sg} cg'i7fg jf sfo{qmd ;dfKt ulPsf] . @= k7fOPsf] jf x
6fOPsf] . lj;k{0f gf) [;+)] != ;k{sf 5fF6n] 3;| ] lxF8g \ ] lqmof 3;|fO . @= km}ng]
lqmof k|;k{0f . #= 7fpF 5f8\g] sfd :yfgTofu . lj;"lrsflj;"r gf) [;+)] lk;fa gx'g]
t afaf emf8f afGtf x'g] ladf Ps k|sfsf] x}hf . lj;}Gos[t lj) [;+)] ;}lgsljgfsf]
sf] ;}Goxg t'NofOPsf] ;}Golxt agfOPsf] (If]q) . lj:t gf) [;+)] != lj:tf . @= lj:tf;
ulPsf] j0f{g lj:t[t j0f{g . #= la5f}gf cf;g . $= cfwf . %= ;d"x . > lj:t0f gf) sg}
f an k|of]u ubf{ To;sf] cfsfk|sfdf x'g] jf cfpg] kms lj:tf0f . lj:tf gf) [;+)] != km
pg] sfd km}nfj6 km}nf]6 . @= lj:t[t kdf lbOPsf] ljj0f . #= ljzfntf . > lj:tf0f gf) lj
tf ug]{ sfd km}nfpg] lqmof . lj:tflt lj) km}nfOPsf] lj:t[t ulPsf] lkmFhfOPsf] . lj:t
) [;+) lji6] lnR5ljsfng zf;gJoj:yfdf k|rlnt Ps k|sfsf] s . lj:t0f{ lj) [;+)] !=
v"a km}lnPsf] w]} kmflsnf] . @= k|z:t ndfO rf}8fO ePsf] . gf; gf) 7"nf] gfs ePsf] j
g gjfgfg'u0fsf] Ps e]b . lj:t[t lj) [;+)] != 6f9f;Dd lkmFlhPsf] km}lnPsf] nDa]rf}8]
0f{ . @= nfdf] ljj0f ePsf] JofVof;lxtsf] . #= ;fx|} 7"nf] ljzfn . > lj:t[lt gf) nDa
fO, rf}8fO, df]6fO jf ;a} lsl;daf6 ePsf] km}nfj6 lj:tf km}nfp km}nf]6 .
1168

lj:t[ts0f gf) != sg} j:t' jf sfnfO{ lj:t[t agfpg] lqmof . @= sg} n]v, rgf cflbnfO{
P lj:t[t agfpg] sfd . lj:yfkg gf) [;+)] Ps 7fpFdf a;]sf] jf :yflkt ePsf] j:t' cflb
nfO{ cGoq ;fg]{ sfd . lj:yflkt lj) [;+)] cfgf] b]z, lgjf;:yfg cflbaf6 an}n] cGoq x
6fOPsf] lgisfl;t pb\jfl;t lgsfnfaf; . lj:kmf0f gf) [;+)] != a9fpg], tGsfpg], km}nfpg]
jf lkmFhfpg] sfd km}nfO . @= vf]nfO p3ffO . #= RofTg] lqmof . $= wg' r9fpg] sfd .
lj:kmflt lj) [;+)] fd| vf]lnPsf] kmflsnf] kf] p3flPsf] (h:tf] lj:kmflt g]q) . l
[;+)] d'bf| sf] afx'No jf lj:tf 36fP ;Gt'lnt l:yltdf Nofpg] lqmof d'b|f:kmltnfO{ k
lxn]sf] l:yltdf Nofpg] sfd . lj:kmf]6 gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' 7"nf] cfjfhsf ;fy k'm6
\g] jf rs{g lqmof . @= 7"nf] cfjfhsf ;fy k8\sg] lqmof . #= vl6f] . $= lakm . > lj:
kmf]6s lj) != cfuf] cflbsf] ;Dks{df cfpFbf k'm6\g] jf k8\sg] ;Defjgf ePsf] lj:kmf]
6 x'g] vfnsf] (kbfy{) . gf) @= ljiffn' vl6f] glgsf] vl6f] . lj:kmf]6g gf) cfjfhsf ;f
y k8\sg] jf k'm6\g] lqmof ljikmf]6 x'g] sfd . lj:do gf) [;+)] != crDd pb]s cfZro{ .
@= sg} cfZro{hgs jf cgf}7f] sf] b]Vtf lrQdf x'g] ljsf . #= ;flxTodf k|rlnt gf} /;dWo
] cb\et ' ;sf] :yfo efj . s lj) cfZro{k"0f{ pb]snfUbf] 5Ss kfg]{ cgf}7f] cfZro{hg
lj:dofs'n lj) lj:dodf k]sf] rlst ePsf] 5Ss k]sf] . lj:doflbaf]ws lj) cs:dft\ sg} s
f, ;'Gbf jf dgdf pTkGg x'Fbf lj:do, xif{, v]b, 3[0ff cflb JoQm ug]{ (zAb jf lrXg
, h:tf] cxf] P]of cfxf cfDd} O)) . lj:d0f gf) [;+)] :d0f gx'g] jf la;{g] lqmof l
t e'nfO . > lj:d0fo lj) :d0f ug{ gx'g] jf :d/0f ug{ cg'lrt la;{g nfos la;{g x'g] la
;lsg] . ljl:dt lj) [;+)] lhNn k]sf] cfZro{df k]sf] 5Ss k]sf] cfZro{rlst . lj:d[t l
+)] ;Demgf gePsf] lal;{Psf] e'n]sf] . k|foM lj) emG8}emG8} la;]s { f] nueu la;]s { f
] la;{g nfu]sf] . > lj:d[lt gf) lj:d0f la;f{O e'nfO . lj:jfb lj) [;+)] :jfb gePsf] a
fbsf] . ljxuljx\ u gf) [;+) ] != rf] kIf ljxu . @= cfsfzdfu{df p8\g] hj jf j:t' .
ljx\ud gf) [;+)] != rf] kIf ljxu . @= ;"o{ . #= rGb|df .

1169

ljx;gj/]Gb| ;fgf] af6f] uf]]6f] . #= k;n xf6ahf . $= ;"o{ lxF8\g] ]vf af6f] . %= z[
|wfg x'g] b; ksdWo] Ps . jK;f gf) [;+)] != cfb, cfZro{ cflb k|s6 ug{sf lglDt Pp6}
zAb afaf eGbf kg]{ Ps zAbfn\sf . @= zAbsf] l?lSt . #= ;ftTo (h:tf] lvltltlt, ;ggg cfl
) . j gf) [;+)] != cfk"mv'; pT;fx ;fx;sf ;fy sl7g jf eif0f sfd ug]{ JolQm sg} klg
sfddf g8fpg], gcflQg] JolQm ;'f], cfFl6nf] jf axfb' JolQm . @= of]4f . #= efn] aFb]
n . $= j ; . %= yfhfltsf :qxn] sfgdf nfpg] rfFbsf] uxgf . lj) ^= anjfg\ ;fx; kfq
k'?iffy{ . ult gf) != o'4If]qdf lxDdtsf ;fy jf jtfk"j{s zq';Fu n8\bfn8\b} dg]{ j
xn] k|fKt ug]{ pQd ult . @= of]u;fwgfdf ;+nUg ;dflw:y of]uxn] d[To'kl5 k|fKt ug]{
kdwfd . uGh gf) g]kfnsf] gffo0f c~rncGtu{t k;f{ lhNnfdf x]sf] Ps k|l;4 ;x/ tyf Jof
kfls If]q k;f{ lhNnfsf] ;b d'sfd . ufyf gf) jsf axfb'sf] j0f{g ulPsf] sfJo j
j0f{g j:t'lt . tf gf) != j x'gfsf] efj, cj:yf jf ljz]iftf jxn] b]vfpg] axfb'
d . @= jxn] jtf b]vfPafkt dfnkf]t ltg'{ gkg]{ u ;sfaf6 kfPsf] hUuf latf{ . Tj
;'ofOF . k /0fIf]qdf j/tf;fy n8\g] g]kfn ;]gfnfO{ k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] @)@) ;fndf :
yflkt Ps kbs . k|; " gf) jdftf . eb| gf) bIfk|hfkltsf o1df ;tb]jsf] b]xTofukl5 l
fPsf lzjhsf] h6faf6 pTkGg ePsf lzjsf Ps u0f . dftf gf) j 5f]f hGdfpg] :q j k'qs
cfdf jk|;" . ~ ; gf) ;flxTodf anjfg\ zq'nfO{ bafpg] jf sl7g sfo{ ug]{ cflb jtfk"js
{ sfd ug{ nfUbf dgdf cfpg] pT;fx ;fx;af6 k}bf x'g] Ps ; gj;dWo] Ps . (of] ; rf k|sf
dflgPsf] 5 bfgj, wd{j, o'4j bofj) . nf]s gf) o'4If]qdf lxDdtsf ;fy zq';Fu n
8\b} dg]{ jxn] k|fKt ug]{ nf]s jult . j|t gf) j/ jf k/fqmd JolQmsf] lgi7fk"0f{ l
od jf sfd o'4 . zof gf) jxsf] clGtd cj:yfnfO{ ;'xfpg] zof o'4e"ld 0fe"ld . > j
Wosf] jwk|lt cg'lrt ;fx; b]vfPdf jf c sg} g;'xfpFbf] tlsfn] j;sf] j0f{g u]df x'g] Ps
fef; . jf;g gf) b]a|] uf]8fsf] k}tfnf bflxg] uf]8fsf] 3'F8fn] 6]s] al;g] Ps cf;g .
j]Gb| gf) [;+)] != lj) ;+) @)@* ;fnb]lv @)%* h]7 !( ;Dd g]kfndf zf;g ug]{ zfxj+z
o b;f}F /fhf . lj) @= jxdf >]i7 7"nf] j . k|1fn\sf gf) g]kfn;DaGw pNn]vgo of]
lbg] ljlzi6 ljb]z

b[li6ljx\ufjnf]sg gf) cfsfzdf pl8x]sf] rfn] dflyaf6 ;;t x]bf{ tn hldgsf] b[Zo b]v]e
sg} sfdsfk|lt df]6fdf]6 ;\lIfKt kn] x]lg] lqmof ;"Id lgIf0f, kIf0f geP ;;
. ljx;g gf) [;+)] d';'Ss xfF:g] sfd d':sfx6 . ljxl;t lj) [;+)] d';'Ss xfF;]sf] d':s
] . ljxf gf) [;+)] != cfk"mv'; PSn} jf ldqhgsf ;fy 3'dlkm ug]{ sfd 6xNg] sfd . @= d
gf]ljgf]bsf lgldQ ulg] v]nsb cflb . #= af}4 leIf'xsf] a:g] d7 . $= dlGb . > ljxf lj)
!= ljxf ug]{ ;'v;on ug]{ ef]uljnf; ug]{ . @= ljxf/df a:g] ef/tsf] ljxf/ /fHodf a:g]
. gf) #= s[i0fsf] Ps gfd . ljlxt lj) [;+)] != ljlwcg';f ePsf] ljlwk"j{s ulPsf] s[t (h
:tf] zf:qljlxt) . @= lrQa'bf] dgfl;a plrt #= ;DkGg ulPsf] k"f ePsf] . ljxg lj) [;+
gePsf] lxt . @= gfdzAbsf k5fl8 hf]l8O{ gePsf] eGg] cy{ a'emfpg] k|Toowd{ (zAb, h
:t} wgljxg, bofljxg cflb) . ljt lj) [;+)] != lgsflnPsf] jf aflx ulPsf] x6fOPsf] . g
) @= gflosfn] gfos;Fu JoQm ug'{kg]{ sf klg nfhn] ubf{ eGg g;Sg] l:ylt . #= :qxsf b
; xfpefpdWo] Ps . > ljlt gf) != an}n] lgsfNg] jf x6fpg] lqmof . @= cfdf]bk|df]b qm
8f ljxf . ljXjn lj) [;+)] lrGtf, b'Mv, eo, zf]s cflbn] ubf{ dgdf zflGt gePsf] dg 7]u
fgdf gePsf] ljsn Jofsn If'Aw . tf gf) ljXjn x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt lrQsf] cl:ytf Jo
> ljXjlnt lj) ljXjn ePsf] Jofsn t'NofOPsf] . jIf0f gf) [;+)] != fd| 7DofP x]g{] sf
@= lgIf0f . #= cfFvf . > jIf0fo lj) lgofn] x]g{ of]Uo bz{go . jh gf) [;+)] != x
]) ah ap . @= gf6s, dxfsfJo cflbdf ;\3if{do syfj:t'sf] d'Vo kmn jf p2]Zosf] k|wf
g sf0f cy{k|s[ltsf kfFr k|sfdWo] Ps > jhs gf) x]) ahs . jl6sf gf) [;+)] != d'vz'l4
sf nflu vfOg] kfgsf] ;fgf] a8f . @= bfpf, lemFhf, kfn cflbsf] cFufnfelsf] la6f] .
j0ff gf) [;+)] k|foM ;ftj6f tf b'O6f t'Daf x'g] xftn] ahfOg] k|frg lsl;dsf] tfafh
f . jflbg gf) ;:jt . jtfu lj) [;+)] != ;f+;fls df]xdfof cflbsf] aGwgaf6 d'Qm ;f+
ljifo;'vdf cf;lSt gePsf] jf;gflxt . @= lgisfd . jy gf) [;+)] != k\lSt nx xkm . @
n lxF8\g]
~

jf];\j[l4 ljfg\xnfO{ k|1fk|lti7fgff k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] dfgfy{ k|1fn\sf . jljqm

f) lj);+) @)@* b]lv @)%* h]7 !( ut];Dd g]kfndf zf;g ug]{ zfxj+zo b;f}F fhf . jf]
; \ gf) eff]k]n efiff af]Ng] k|fu}ltxfl;s dfgj . jo{ gf) [;+)] != vfPsf kbfy{sf ;a
f6 aGg], an tyf sflGt a9fpg] ;Gtfg pTkGg ufpg], k'?ifsf zleq aGg] Ps wft' z'qm . @=
kf}?if k'+:Tj . #=jtf kfqmd . $= zleqsf] ;ftj . sf]if gf) z'qms6df kl0ft x'
sf]ifsf] clGtd k . y}n gf) k'?ifsf zleq jo{ xg] y}n jo{u|lGy . jfg\ lj) jo
h ePsf] alnof] zlQmzfn . zfn lj) zdf zlQm jf k'mt{ ePsf] zlQmzfn kfqmd . ~
k'?ifsf zaf6 jo{ktg x'g] lqmof jo{If0f jo{ktg . xg lj) != zdf jo{ sd ePsf
zlQm jf :k"mlt{ gePsf] zlStxg gfdb{ . j[If gf) [;+)] != v af]6 . @= sg} ljifo jf s
d"n k jf cflb knfO{ km]b cjfGt sfnfO{ xfFuflaFuf dfg] j[Ifsf kdf b]vfOPsf] lrq (h:
j[If) . ]vf gf) kxf8sf] v pd|g ;Sg] prfO;Ddsf] ]vf . ~ f]k0f gf) j[Ifff]k0f . ~ la
) w]} df]6f] nfdf] k'R5 x'g] h\un lafnf] jglafnf] . > j[IffDn gf) elscldnf] . j[I
b {] gf) jg:kltxdf x'g] f]uxnfO{ x6fpg] jf ltgsf f]syfdsf pkfosf] rrf{ ePsf] cfo'j]{
bzf:q j[If;DaGw j}Bs u|Gy j}bf\u . j[Ifff]k0f gf) phfl8Fb} uPsf] kfvfkv]f ufpF, ;x
sf efuxnfO{ xlnf]elnf] agfpg] hnjfo'sf b[li6n] :jf:Yok|b cg'sn agfpg ljleGg hftsf
[If nufpg] sfd e"Ifo f]Sg bfpf, 3fF;kftsf] sfd rnfpg ljleGg lsl;dsf af]6la?jf nufpg
] sfd . j[lHh gf) [;+)] g]kfnsf] klZrd tfO{, ltx't ldlynflt a;f]af; u]sf, Ps ;do u0
tflGqs Joj:yf rnfpg] Ps k|frg hflt . j[Q gf) [;+)] != s]Gb|af6 afa b"df x'g] u rf}
t ]vfn] 3]lPsf] If]q uf]n kllw ePsf] If]q . @= uf]nfsf If]qsf] kllw af6'nf] 3]f]
j[QfGt . $= cIfxsf] ;\Vofsf cfwfdf ag]sf] 5Gb jfl0f{s dflqs 5Gb . lj) %= kllw ePsf
]nf] af6'nf] . ^= ePsf], 36]sf] jf cl:tTjdf cfPsf] 3l6t . lrq gf) Oltxf;, lj1fg, wd
{, ;+:s[lt cflb fli6o cGtf{li6o dxjsf ljifoj:t'df cfwflt ;fdlos n3' rnlrq . kq g
lglw;efdf ePsf b}lgs sfdsfsf] ;+lIfKt a]xf]f n]lvPsf] vftf jf ax . dfu{ gf) uf]nfsf
af6f] rqmky . d'08 lj)
1170

uf]n d'08 ePsf] . > j[Qfsf gf) != uf]n kllw ePsf] cfsf j[Qsf] h:tf] cfsf af6'nf] 3]
lj) @= uf]n cfsf ePsf] af6'nf] uf]nf] . j[QfGt gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t' jf ljifosf] lj:t
[t ljj0f aofg a]lnlj:tf . @= xfnva ;dfrf . #= j0f{gfTds syf jf sxfg . $= Oltxf; k'
n . j[lQ gf) [;+)] != hjglgjf{x ug{sf lglDt ulg] sfd hjg wfGg cFuflng] jf lnOg]
k];f hflu . @= hjgsf] e0fkf]if0fsf] ;fwg hljsf . #= hjglgjf{xsf lglDt s;}nfO{ lbO
g] wg eQf . $= h]xG ] bf, ua ljBfy{xnfO{ cWoogsfndf ;xfotf:jk lbOg] sd . %= sg} sf
afkt kfOg] wg kfl>lds Hofnf dhb' . ^= rfnrng cfr0f . &= sg} kb, jfSo jf u|Gysf] cy
6 x'g] u ulPsf] JofVof 6sf . *= Jofs0f, bz{g cflb ;"qkdf x]sf cy{ule{t 5f]6f] jfSos
] cy{ v'n:t kfg]{ jfSo . (= ;f]em} 3'dfpf] lsl;dn] cy{ a'emfpg] zAbsf] zlQm (clew
f, nIf0ff Jo~hgf) . !)= ;;'xfpFbf] kdf j0f{sf] of]hgf tyf cy{sf] u'Dkmg u] sfJosf] r
f ulg] z}n (s}lzs, eft, ;fTjt cfe6) . !!= k?iff, sf]dnf pkgfulsf o tg j0f{u
[lQ . s gf) hljsfsf nflu cFuflnPsf] k];fdf nfUg] s . bftf lj) hljsfsf lglDt ;;'l
;fwgsf] k|aGw ldnfOlbg] (JolQm) . j[og'kf | ; gf) [;+)] ;flxlTos rgfdf cg]s Jo~hgs
f] leGg qmdn] PskN6 px qmdn] Ps jf cg]skN6 :jk;fDo x'g] zAbfn\sf cg'k|f;sf] Ps e]b
. j[qf;' gf) [;+)] OGb|nfO{ dfg{ eg hGdfOPsf] t dGqf]Rr0f ubf{ :jf3ftsf] u8a8n] ljk
tfy{ x'g uO{ OGb|ff dflPsf] k'f0fk|l;4 Ps c;' . j[yf cJo) [;+)] Joy{ l;Q}F . > j[yfl
g gf) cfgf] as{t, a'tfeGbf aflxsf] sf ug{ ;S5' eGg] wfs grflxFbf] kmfOFkm '  Joy{s
G8 . j[yfledfg lj) Joy{sf] cledfg ug]{ j[yfledfg ug]{ . j[4 lj) [;+)] != w]} pd] ePs
f] a"9f] . @= ljBf, cg'ej cflbn] klkSj . #= w]} klxn]sf] k'fgf] . $=j[l4 ePsf] a9]sf]
. %= hDdf ePsf] y'lk|Psf] . gf) ^= pd]n] a"9f] ePsf] dflg; . &= ljBf, cg'ej cflbn]
klkSj ePsf] dflg; a"9f]kfsf] JolQm . *= 5l5d]ssf] k|ltli7t kfsf] k'?if dfGohg . ~ s
fn gf) a'9; ] sfn a'9f}n cj:yf . tfTj gf) j[4 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf a'9fOF . ~ efj
[4tf a'9f}n . j[l4 gf) [;+)] != a9\g] sfd a9\t . @= a9f]Q pGglt . #= sg} j:t'sf]
cflb a9\g] sfd . $= sg} JolQmsf]

1171

j[Gtj]b kj{t>]0fsf] kl5lNt k]sf] If]q jfo'ljd'v hldg . dfg gf) emjiff{sf] gfkf] u
oGq jiff{dfks oGq . j[xt\ lj) [;+)] Hofb} 7"nf] a8]dfsf] a[xt\ ljzfn . > j[xt gf) a
xt . j]u gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t'sf] Hofb} l56f] rfn z3| ult . @= gb cflbsf] aUg] l
qmof k|jfx . #= hf] emf]Ssf . $= cfj]u . jfg\ lj) 7"nf] j]u ePsf] z3| ult ePsf] Ho
l56f] p8\g] jf lxF8\g] . > j]lug gf) gb . j]u lj) != j]u ePsf] j]ujfg\ . @= sfd
df nfluxg] . gf) #= x'nfs xNsff] afh rf] . j]8f gf) [;+)] sf7, afF; cflb ldnfO{ tf,
] cflbn] hf]N7fO{ gb kf ug{sf nflu agfPsf] ;fwg 8'\uf gfp . j]l0f gf) [;+)] j]0f
Gw gf) af6]sf] skfn r'N7f] . j]0f gf) [;+)] != af6]sf] skfn r'N7f] . @= gbxsf] ;\ud
f]efg (h:tf] k~rj]0f, lqj]0f cflb) . j]0f' gf) [;+)] afF; . @= afF;' d'n . sf
fF;' ahfpg] JolQm . gfb gf) afF;'sf] Wjlg . j]t gf) [;+) j]t;\] n, rf]of cflbsf]
fd lnOg],d]r, s;{ cflb a'lgg] rfd|f] alnof] Ps hftsf] h\un nxf] . j]tg gf) [;+)] !
= tna tgvf dlxgfjf . @= hjg lgjf{xsf] ;fwg j[lQ . qmd gf) sd{rfn] sfd u]afkt k
asf] qmd . hj lj) ;sf jf u};sf sfof{nosf] sd{rfsf kdf sfd u]afkt kfOg] tnan
rnfpg] s[lif Jofkf, pBf]u cflb :jtGq k];f glnO{ gf]saf6 kfOg] tnasf edf hjgofkg ug
]{ hflubf hflu] . e]fu gf) j]tg jf tna lnP sfd ug]{ JolQm tna lng] jf vfg] dflg;
f) sd{rfnfO{ lbOg] j]tgsf] kldf0f tnaqmd . j]tfn gf) [;+)] != lzjsf] u0fsf] cfTdf k
|j]z u]sf] d'bf{ Ps e"tof]lg . @= lzjsf] Ps u0f . #= fkfn . $= ysf] clulNt st}st} k
Nt klg xg], 6'Kkf] dflylt kms]{sf], nfdf] w'f]h:tf] df]6f] sf7 . j]Qf lj) [;+)] != fd
hfGg] 1ftf hflgkmsf . gf) @= sg} gfdjfrs zAbsf] kl5lNt x] 1ftf jf hfGg] cy{ a'emfO{
z]if0f agfpg] zAb (h:t} tjj]Qf, zf:qj]Qf O)) . j]q gf) [;+)] != j]tsf] n . @= k'fgf]
;dodf fkfnn] lng] n . j]b gf) [;+)] != cfo{xsf wd{, ;+:s[lt, cfWoflTds 1fg cflbsf d
"n ;|f]t dflgPsf, ;j{k|frg ;jf{lws dfGo cfo{u|Gy >'lt cfDgfo 5Gb;\ (Cs\, oh', ;fd
cyj{

bhf{, tna cflb a9\g] sfd . %= Aofh . ^= nfe gfkmf . &= ;Gtfg hGdg] jf ;Gtlt a9\g]
sfd . *= ;Gtfg hGdFbf nfUg] cfzf]r ;'Ts]f] . ~ ;lGw Jofs0fdf cj0f{ cyf{t\ c, cfb]lv
kl5 Pr\ cyf{t\ P, cf], P] cf}df sg} Pssf :yfgdf P] jf cf} x'g] Ps ;lGw . s lj) !=
j[l4 ug]{ a9fpg] pGglt ug]{ . gf) @= cfDbfgdf nufOg] jf a9fOg] s . ~ sfn gf) sg} sf
l4 ePsf] ;do . ~ b gf) sg} j:t'sf] d"No jf s;}sf] tna cflbsf] j[l4sf] qmd . ~ >f4 gf
) ljjfx, j|taGw cflb df\ulns sfo{ cGo wfld{s cg'i7fg ubf{ k"jf{\udf ulg] >f4 gfGbd'
v >f4 cfEo'blos >f4 . j[Gt gf) [;+)] kmnk"mn, kft cflbsf] 8fF7 ;fukft cflbsf] kfts
f km]bklsf] df]6f] efu e]6\g' . j[Gb gf) [;+)] != ;d"x hdft (h:t} ;Hhgj[Gb, dlxnfj[Gb
cflb) . @= em'Kkf] u'R5f] . j[Gbf gf) [;+)] != lji0f'ff ;tTj gi6 ulPs Ps kf}fl0fs
q hfnGws kTg . @= t'n; . > j[Gbfs gf) != b]jtf jf >]i7 JolQm . @= ;d"x . j[Gbf0o
f) j[Gbfjg . j[Gbfjg gf) != dy'fsf] pQlt x]sf] Ps jg s[i0fsf] qm8f:yn dflgPsf] lxGb"
f] k|l;4 Ps ty{:yn . @= 3g3f] h\un laGb|fjg . j[lZrs gf) [;+)] != Hof]ltifzf:qdf af
x| flzdWo] cf7f}F flz . @= laR5 . #= ;"of]{bo x'Fbf k|foM j[lZrs flzsf] pbo x'g] d\
l; dlxgf . j[if gf) [;+)] != ;fF9] . @= Hof]ltifdf afx| flzdWo] bf];|f] flz . #= sg}
ju{ jf ;d"xsf] >]i7 JolQm . $= lzjsf] jfxg gGb . %= wd{ . sdf{ lj) uf]?em}F hf]lt
P sfd ug]{ . kjf{ gf) k'f0fk|l;4 Ps bfgj zld{i7fsf afa' . j[ife gf) [;+)] != ;fF9]
? . @= sfdzf:qcg';f rf k|sfsf k'?ifdWo] Ps z\lvg :qsf lglDt pko'Qm k'?if . #= j[if
. Wjh gf) dxfb]j lzj . j[ifn gf) [;+)] != ssd{ jf kfk JolQm . @= kltt JolQm . #= z
"b| . $= 3f]8f . > j[ifn gf) != z"b| hflts :q . @= ;Gtfg gePs :q afFem :q .
#= afx| jif{s cljjflxt sGof . $= h:jnf eP klg ljjfx gx'gfn] lktfsf 3df xg] sGof .
%= h:jnf . j[iff]T;u{ gf) [;+)] dflg; d]sf] P3ff}F lbg d[tssf p2]Zon] lqmofk'qn] c
fgf] lqmof cfkm}n F ] ubf{ lhpFbf] dflg; cfkm}n F ] ;fF9] 8fDg nufP 5f]8\g] wfld{s
s[To . j[li6 gf) [;+)] != afbnaf6 hn jf kfgsf] wff] nfUg] sfd em jiff{ . @= kfg k
em}F sg} j:t' yf]} jf w]} dfqfdf cf]Olg] jf emg]{ sfd cf]OfO emfO . ~ sfn gf) jiff
{t . 5fof gf) jfiko'Qm jfo'nfO{ f]Sg]

j]bgfj]i6g o rf j]b k|l;4 5g\) . @= 1fg . #= O{Zj . $= c\un ' sf] rfu'gfafasf] gfk
nafasf] gfk rf c\u'n . 1 lj) j]b hfGg] j]bsf] 1ftf . qoqo gf) Cs\, oh' ;fd
;d'Rro . j]bgf gf) [;+)] != rf]6k6s nfUbf jf sg} b'Mvbfo 36gf 36\bf x'g] zfls jf d
fgl;s si6 . @= k8f, b'Mv cflbsf] tj| cg'e"lt . #= r]tgf 1fg . $= ljjfx . %= af}
4 bz{gcGtu{t :sGwk~rs . > j]bgo lj) != j]bgf x'g] k8f lbg] b'Mvbfo . @= hfGg'kg]
{ 1ftJo . j]b jfSo gf) [;+)] != j]bsf Crf jf jfSo . @= j]bn] atfPsf] sf] j]bf]St jrg
. #= k|fdfl0fstfsf lglDt 5fglag ulxg' gkg]{ jrg csf6 jfSo . j]b ljlxt lj) [;+)] j]bn]
eg]sf] jf atfPsf] j]bf]St . j]b Jof; gf) [;+)] j]bnfO{ rf efudf afF8 jt{dfg kdf ;\
s ng ug] { tyf dxfk' f0fsf rlotf Ps Clif kfztkm{af6 hGd]sf] ;Tojt k'q Jof; . j]bf\
) [;+)] zsf c\uh:t} u dflgPsf j]bsf 5 c\u (kfb5Gbzf:q, xftsNk, cfFvfHof}ltif, sfg
, gfslzIffzf:q d'vJofs0f) . j]bfWoog gf) [;+)] != j]b k9\g] sfd j]bsf] cWoog . @= a|
Xd0fsf iff]8z ;+:sfdWo] Ps . j]bfWofo lj) [;+)] j]bsf] cWoog ug]{ j]bkf7 . j]bfGt
gf) [;+)] != j]bdf jl0f{t nf}lss tyf kfnf}lss l;4fGtxsf] ljj]rgf k|ltkfbg ug]{ l;4
fGt . @= cfTdf, kdfTdf hut\;DaGw j}lbs dfGotfsf] k|ltkfbg ug]{ pklgifb\ cf0os cfl
b j]bsf] clGtd efu j]bsf] lgrf]8 a|XdljBf . #= if8\bz{gdWo] c}tjfbsf] k|ltkfbg ulPsf
] Ps bz{g . > j]bfGt lj) != j]bfGtdf k|ltkflbt ljrfsf] cg';0f ug]{ j]bfGtbz{gsf] cg
'ofo a|Xdjfb . #= j]bfGt hfGg] . gf) #= j]bfGtzf:qsf] ljfg\ . j]lb gf) [;+)] j]b
. > j]lbsf gf) ;fgf] j]b . j]b gf) [;+)] != wfld{s s[Tosf lglDt kljq df6f]ff cUnf
] ;Dd kf ljleGg cfsfdf agfOPsf] e"ld rf}s . @= rf}tff] . lj) #= hfGg] 1ftf . gf) $
ljfg\ kl08t . %= cfrfo{ lzIfs . j]bf]St lj) [;+)] j]bn] atfPsf] j]bdf n]lvPsf] j]bdf
k|ltkflbt j]bljlxt . j]B lj) [;+)] != yfxf kfpg'kg]{ hfGg'kg]{ hfGg of]Uo 1ftJo . @=
k|fKt ug{ of]Uo . j]w gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t'sf] kl5lNt l5rf]Ng] jf jfkf 5'g] u Kjfn k
g]{ lqmof 5]8fO . @= b"jIf0foGqff 6f9f6f9fsf u|x, gIfq x]g]{ sfd . #= tff] cflbnfO{
lg;fgf agfO{ xfGg] sfd tff]xgfO . $= u|xsf] :yfg lglZrt ug]{ sfd . %= sg} u|x csf]{
u|xsf] ;fd'Gg] x'g k'Ug] lqmof . ^=
1172

l5b| . > j]ws lj) != sg} j:t'df jfkf l5rf]Ng] u Kjfn kfg]{ . @= tff] cflbnfO{ lg;fgf
agfO{ xfGg] . #= sg} u|x csf]{ u|xsf] ;fd' ePsf] j]nf csf]{ u|xsf] t]h x0f ug]{ .
j]wg gf) != 5]8\g] jf Kjfn kfg]{ sfd . @= tff] xfGg] sfd . j]wg gf) Tg cflbdf kl5lN
t l5rf]Ng] u Kjfn kfg]{ ;fwg . j]wgo lj) j]w ug{ of]Uo 5]8g \ jf vf]Kg nfos . zfnf
gf) u|x, gIfq cflb x]g{] oGqx flvPsf] ejg jf 7fpF j]w;DaGw pks0f flvPsf] 7fpF j]wfno
. j]wf gf) [;+)] != a|Xdf . @= k|hfklt . j]wfno gf) [;+)] j]wzfnf . j]w lj) [;+)]
!= j]w ug]{ 5]8g \ ] j]ws . gf) @= sg} gfdjfrs zAbsf] kl5lNt x e]b ug]{ jf Kjfn kfg]
{ eGg] cy{ a'emfpg] zAb (h:t} zAbj]w, nIoj]w cflb) . j]w ] gf) Ps ld6 cUnf], tnlt
8Nnf efjsf bfFt k]sf lsgff t dfl:t bfFt gk]sf lsgff ePsf ;fwf0f xlof kft x'g],
kdf u'nfkm 6sf6sf k]sf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] a'6 . (o;sf] tsf ksfP klg vfOG5 c
o'j]{bdf o;nfO{ s[ldgfzs elgPsf] 5) . j]Wo lj) [;+)] Kjfn kfg{ nfos j]wg ug{ of]Uo
. j]nf gf) [;+)] != ;do sfn avt . @= ;+of]u ;Ghf]u df}sf cj; . #= ;dosf] dfg 38,
flb . j]z gf) [;+)] != sg} b]zsf afl;Gbf, hflt, ju{ k];fsf dflg;sf] klrfos klxg kf];
s j]if . @= j]Zofx a:g] 7fpF . wf lj) != cff cfk"m glrlgg] aGg jf csf{sf] gSsn ug
n j]z wf0f ug]{ csf{sf] e]if wf0f ug]{ . @= sg} wfld{s ;Dk|bfosf] cg'ofo eO{ To;}
cg';fsf] j]z wf0f ug]{ . e"iff != zdf klxlPsf] j:t', cfe"if0f cflb njfO tyf zfl
@= n'ufkmf6f] cflb nufpg] tlsf klxg . #= n'uf, uxgf cflb . jlgtf gf) j]Zof . j]Zof g
) [;+)] k};fsf nflu csf cufl8 gfrufg ug]{, xfpefp, s6fIf cflbff kk'?ifnfO{ Jolerfsf]
lgdGq0f lbg] d}y'g;d]t ufpg] :q /G8 . udg gf) j]Zof :q;Fu of}g ;DaGw fVg] sfd j
f:q;Fusf] ;xjf; . ufd lj) j]Zof :q;Fu ;xjf; ug]{ G8afh . > j]Zofno gf) j]Zofx a:
] 7fpF G8sf]7 . ~ j[lQ gf) k};fsf nflu kk'?if;Fu of}g ;Dks{ fVg] k];f kk'?if;Fu ;x
u] k};f sdfpg] j[lQ . j]if gf) [;+)] x]) j]z . j]i6g gf) [;+)] != wfuf], 8f], n'uf
cflb a]g]{ sfd nk]6\g] k|lqmof . @= ;k{ cflb sg} j:t'df jf zdf a]lg] lqmof . #= nk]6
g \ ] jf a]g{] sf] (wfuf], 8f], ku, km]6f, k6'sf, k]6 cflb) .

1173

j]li6tj}bl ] zs dfnf . %= c0f . j}hoGt gf) != emG8f Wjhf ktfsf . @= t'n;, sGb, dGb
kflhft sdn o kfFr y k"mn ldnfO{ agfOPsf] 3'F8f;Dd cfpg] dfnf . j}hfTo gf) [;+)] !
= ljhft x'gfsf] efj leGg hftotf ljhftotf . @= a]d]nkg . j}1flgs lj) [;+)] != lj1f
gn] cfljisf u]sf] lj1fgsf ;xfotfn] tof ePsf] . @= lj1fg hfGg] lj1fgj]Qf . gf) #= lj1f
g;DaGw cWoog jf sfd ug]{ JolQm . tf gf) j}1flgs x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf lj1fgl;t ;Da
Gw x]sf] jf ePsf] l:ylt lj1fgl;tsf] ;Da4tf . > j}1flgs lj) j}1flgs;DaGw . j}1flgs
s0f gf) cfw'lgs kn], lj1fg;'xfpFbf] u sg} ljlwljwfg, Joj:yf cflbnfO{ pkof]u agfpg]
sfd . j}tlgs lj) [;+)] != ;sf jf u};sf ;\3;+:yf, sfof{no cflbdf sfd u]afkt tna k
. gf) @= Hofnfdf sfd ug]{ dfG5] Hofd . tf gf) j}tlgs x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . j}t0f
gf) [;+)] != d[To'kl5 odnf]s hfFbf af6fdf kg]{, kk, ut, df;' cflbn] lgld{t dflgP
sf] k'f0fk|l;4 Ps sfNklgs gb . @= dg]{ a]nfdf j}t0f gb tg{ ;'ud xf];\ eGg] p2]Z
on] ufO{bfg ug]{ sfd . #= eftsf] pl8;f k|fGtdf aUg] Ps gb . j}tflns gf) [;+)] !=
k|frg ;dodf :t'ltut cflb kf7 u] fhfdxffhfxnfO{ lapFemfpg] JolQm aGb . @= j]tfnsf]
fwgf ug]{ JolQm j]tfnsf] pkf;s . j}be{ gf) [;+)] != ;flxTodf dfw'oJ { o~hs j0f{,
;fg'gfl;s zAb 5f]6f ;df; ePsf jfSoxsf] k|of]u x'g], s?0f, z[\uf xf:o;sf] cleJolQmdf
;xfos Pp6f lt . @= ljbe{fh eds sGof bdoGt . #= ?lSd0f . j}bf\u gf) [;+)] j}Bzf:q
. > j}bf\u lj) j}bf\u;DaGw . j}Bzf:qsf] cg'ej . j}lbs lj) [;+)] != j]b;DaGw j]bs
f] j]bdf ePsf] j]bdf elgPsf] of atfOPsf] . gf) @= j]b k9]sf] To;}af6 cfgf] lgjf{x u
g]{ JolQm . wd{ gf) j]bsf o'udf cfo{xdf k|rlnt wd{ (k|sl[ t pkf;gf, lkt[kh " g, o1s
d{, tk:of cflb) . o'u gf) j]bsf] rgf ePsf] j]bwd{ k|rlnt ePsf] ;do . ;+:s[t gf) j}
bs sfndf cfo{xsf] rgfdf kfOg] t clxn]sf ;+:s[tdf grn]sf ;+:s[t zAb j]bdf k|oQ ' m ;+
:s[t efiff . > j}lbsL lj) j}lbssf] :qLln\uL ljz]if0f . j}bi ' o gf) [;+)] ljfg\df x'
g] u'0f ljtf kfl08To . j}bo " { gf) [;+)] leqkl ftf], kx]Fnf], xlof]sf] s]xL efj x'
ax'dN " o dl0f n;'g] . j}bl ] zs lj) [;+)] != csf]{ b]zsf] ljb]zsf] ljb]z;DaGwL

j]li6t lj) [;+)] nk]l6Psf] a]lPsf] . j];g gf) [;+)] rgf, e6df; cflbsf] kL7f] kx]Fnf]
bfn x'g] hfltsf cGgsf] kL7f] . j];jf gf) [;+)] wlgofF, hLf cflb ldnfP lkFlwPsf] ;'uG
wL d;nf d;nfsf] w"nf] . j]:6sf]6 gf) [c\] O:6sf]6 O:sf]6 . j}slNks lj) [;+)] != klxn]
5flgPsf] JolQm, j:t' cflb gkfOPdf ;f] 7fpFdf k|of]u ulg] jf k|of]u ug{ ;lsg] ;ds
If :tsf] csf]{ (pd]bjf jf ;b:o, JolQm, j:t' cflb) ljsNkdf cfpg] OR5fwLg P]lR5s f]hL
= ;lGbUw ;Gb]xo'Qm . j}sNo gf) [;+)] != k"} c\u gx'gfsf] efj c\uxLgtf ljsntf . @= ;a
nfn] k"0f{ gx'gfsf] efj sg} sfsf] sdL ck"0f{tf Go"gtf . > j}sNof gf) != ljjfx ug]{ j
fg eO;s]kl5 j dgf{n] jf cGo sg} sf0fn] ljjfx x'g gkfPsL :qL . lj) @= c\ue\u ePsL ljsn
u (:qL) . j}sfls lj) [;+)] != ljs[t j:t'af6 ag]sf] ljsf k}bf ePsf] . @= ljsf;DaGwL lj
fsf] . j}sflns lj) [;+)] != lglZrt jf lgwf{lt ;dodf gePsf] x'gk ' g]{ ;doeGbf klxn]
jf kl5 ePsf] ;do gldn]sf] (Wjlg) . @= c;dodf ePsf] c;dosf] a]df};dsf] . #= ;fFemkvs
f] . j}s'07 gf) [;+)] != sg} lsl;dsf] eo, ;+zo, lrGtf jf s07f gePsf] 7fpF csfn, cefj
ck"0f{tf gePsf] 7fpF . @= lji0f'nf]s . ~ rt'bz { L gf) sflt{s z'Sn rt'b{zL . ~ n
f]s gf) j}s07 lji0f'nf]s . > j}sG ' 7] gf) ;]tf] sfnf] b'O{ ;k{ n]vs ] f] ysL{df rf
f}8f jf Ps kf;fn] xfg] v]lng] Ps v]n . j}qmd lj) [;+)] != ljqmdflbToaf6 ;'? ePsf] l
jqmdflbTosf] ljqmdflbTo;DaGwL ljqmdLo . @= kfqmd;DaGwL . > j}qmdLo lj) ljqmd;DaGwL .
j}vL gf) [;+)] s08lngLrqmdfly ljGb'kn] x]sf] cJoQm, O{ZjLo lrt\zlQmn] kZoGtL dWodf
:yf kf uL JoQm k lnPsf] jf0fL jf0fLsf] JoQm k . j}vfg; gf) [;+)] != jfgk|:yf>ddf x]s
JolQm jfgk|:yL . @= sld{i7, jgjf;L a|fXd0f tk:jL . #= s[i0foh'jb {] sf rf zfvfdWo],
of]uLxsf wd{, cfrf cflb sfs]f ljj]rg ulPsf] Ps zfvf . lj) $= jfgk|:yf>d;DaGwL . j}u0
' o gf) [;+)] != u'0f gx'gfsf] efj lju'0ftf . @= cju'0f . j}rfls lj) [;+)] ljrf;DaGw
L ljrfsf] . j}lro gf) [;+)] ljlrq x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt ljlrqtf . j}hoGt gf) [;+)] !=
Gb|sf] baf :juL{o k|f;fb . @= OGb|sf] emG8f . j}holGts gf) [;+)] emG8f lnP clu nfUg]
JolQm emG8f lng] dflg; . > j}holGtsf gf) != emG8f Wjhf . @= hoGtLsf] af]6 . #= jh|b
GtL j[If . $= df]tLsf] xf

j}b]xj}/f] ljb]zL . gf) @= ljb]zdf a:g] dflg; kb]zL dflg; ljb]zL dflg; . gLlt gf) lj
]z;DaGwL gLlt kfi6gLlt . x'nfs gf) ljb]zdf dfn;fdfg, lr7Lkq cflb k7fOg] x'nfs ljb]z
lr7Lkq cflb cfbfgk|bfg ug]{ x'nfs . j}bx ] gf) [;+)] != ljb]x b]zsf fhf . @= hgs
. j}bx ] L gf) [;+)] != ljb]xsL sGof hgsglGbgL ;Ltf . lj) @= ldlynf k|b]zsL (:qL)
. j}B gf) [;+)] cfo'j]{bLo ljlwcg';f f]usf] lgbfg ug]{ jf f]uLsf] cf}ifwLpkrf ug]{ Jo
lQm cfo'jb {] Lo lrlsT;fljlwsf] 1ftf sljfh . > j} B s lj) != cfo' j ] { b Lo lrlsT;f
;DaGwL . @= j}B;DaGwL . gf) #= cfo'jb {] . j}BsL gf) j}Bsf] sfd jf k];f j}BluL . vf
gf gf) cfo'jb {] Lo ljlwcg';f cf}ifwL agfpg] jf pkrf ug]{ 7fpF cfo'j]{bLo lrlsT;fno
. luL gf) j}Bn] lnPsf] k];f j}Bn] ug]{ sfd j}bf\uL . j}BuL gf) j}BluL . gfy gf)
] ;Gyfn Onfsfdf x]sf, fj0fsf cffWo b; Hof]ltln{u \ dWo] Ps dflgPsf lzj . @= wGjGtl .
h gf) != cfo'jb {] Lo kl08t jf ljfg\ cfo'jb {] Lo k4ltcg';f cf}ifwLpkrf ug{ l;kfn' j}
B j}Bxsf cu|0fL >]i7 j}B . @= wGjGtl . ~ ljBfzf:q gf) j}B aGgsf nflu k9\gk ' g]{ zf:q
}BljBf;DaGwL zf:q cfo'jb {] Lo zf:q j}bf\u . j}w lj) [;+)] lgodsfg'gcg';f ag]sf] jf e
Psf] ljlwk"js { sf] ljwfgcg';fsf] lgodsfg'g;Fu gafg] . j}wld{s lj) [;+)] != cfgf]eGb
eGg wd{sf] kfO{ wd{sf] ljwd{sf] . @= wfld{s b[li6n] gldNbf] wd{;\ut gePsf] . #= gfl:t
s . j}wDo{ gf) [;+)] != ljwd{ x'gfsf] efj leGgwld{tf ljwld{tf . @= c;dfgtf . #= gfl
:tstf . j}wj]o gf) [;+)] ljwjf :qLn] k'glj{jfx uL kfPsf] ;Gtfg k'ge"k { q ' . j}wJo
gf) [;+)] ljwjf x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljwjfkg . j}wflgs lj) [;+)] lgodsfg'gcg';fsf] l
jwfgcg';fsf] lgodk"j{ssf] sfg'gL . tf gf) j}wflgs x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf ljwfgcg
tf j}wtf . bfaL gf) sg} j:t', ;DklQ cflbsf nflu s;}sf tkm{af6 sfg'gd'tflas ulPsf] bf
aL . fhtGq gf) ;+ljwfgcg';f fhfsf] clwsf lgwf{lt Jojl:yt uL tbg';f rnfOg] k|hft
gk4lt . j}wLs0f gf) [;+)] sg} sfnfO{ ljlw jf lgodcg'sn agfpg] sfd j}wflgs jf j}w agf
sfd . j}wLs[t lj) [;+)] lgodcg'sn x'g] uL sg} sfsf] ;'wf ulPsf] lgodcg's"n agfOPs
g';f kflPsf] . j}wo ' { gf) [;+)] != ljw' x'gfsf] efj :jf:gL d]sf] cj:yf
1174

fF8f]kg . @= kTgL jf cGo lk|ohgaf6 ljo'Qm ePsf] cj:yf . j}gt]o gf) [;+)] != ljgtf
gfdsL cfdfaf6 hGd]sf] Pp6f 7"nf] hftsf] kG5L lji0f'sf] jfxg u?8 . @= c?0f . j}kLTo g
f) [;+)] ljkLt x'gfsf] efj jf lqmof Ps yf]s x'g'kg]{df csf]{ yf]s x'g] sfd . j}ej g
f) [;+)] != wg;DklQ ef}lts ;'v;'ljwfsf ;fwg P]Zjo{ . @= zlQm ;fdYo{ . zfnL lj) ef}lt
s ;'v;'ljwfsf ;fwgn] k"0f{ ;DklQzfnL . j}eflifs lj) [;+)] != ljefiffdf x'g] jf cfp
g] ljefiff;DaGwL . @= ljsNk;DaGwL j}slNks . #= ljefiffgfds af}4 ;Dk|bfo;Fu ;DaGw fV
g] jf To;sf] cg'ofoL . j}dg:o gf) [;+)] != dgf]dflnGo zq'tf b':dgL j} . @= cGodg:stf
. #= lvGgtf pbf;L . j}olSts lj) [;+)] JolQm;Fu dfq ;Lldt jf ;DalGwt JolQmut . aGw gf
) JolQmff n]lvPsf sf k"f ug{ afWo x'g] k"f gu]sf v08df lgwf{lt wg b08:jk lbgnfO{
d]jf x'g] uL n]lvPsf] k|lt1fkq . :jtGqtf gf) JolQmnfO{ k|fKt :jtGqtf JolQmut :jtGqtf
. j}ofs0f lj) [;+)] Jofs0fsf] fd|f] 1fg ePsf] Jofs0fsf] cflwsfls 1ftf Jofs0fsf .
) cf]Og' . j} gf) [;+)] zq'tf b':dgL . efj gf) zq'tfk"0f{ ;DaGw zq'tf . j}fO gf)
j}g] lqmof jf efj . [ > ] j}fOg' s) lqm) cf]OfOg' . j}fpg' k|]) lqm) cf]Ofpg' . j}
[;+)] j}fUo . > j}fu lj) dgdf ljfu jf j}fu pTkGg ePsf] ;f+;fls dfofdf]x ljifojf;
v b" x]sf] ljifojf;gfk|lt cf;lQm gePsf] ljQm . j}fUo gf) [;+)] != dgdf s;}sf k|lt f
k}bf gx'g] cj:yf . @= ;f+;fls dfofdf]x ljifojf;gfnfO{ t'R5 7fGg] t ;a} sf 5f]8] Ps
Gtdf a:g] tyf O{Zjsf] ehg ug]{ j[lQ . #= ljlQm lbUbf . j}fHo gf) [;+)] != sg} fi6s
y k|e';Qfff ;FeflnOx]sf] zf;gk|0ffn . @= To; k|sfsf] zf;gk|0ffn k|rlnt ePsf] b]z
. j}fg gf) [j}f] cfg] != cf]Ofg . @= cfjfb geO{ x]sf] k}x|f] nfu]sf] jf lefnf] hUuf
. j}lg' ;) lqm) x]) cf]Olg' . j} gf) [;+)] != cfk"m;Fu j}efj fVg] JolQm cfgf] s
g] JolQm zq' . lj) @= j}efj fVg] senf] lrtfpg] ljf]w (JolQm) . j}f] gf) cf]Of] .

1175

j}/f]rgJolQmjfb :q . ~ 6sf gf) j}i0fj ;Dk|bfodf blIft ePsfxn] nufpg] 6sf . j}if
los lj) [;+)] != sg} ljifo;Fu ;DalGwt ljifo;DaGw . @= ljifojf;gfdf a9 cf;St xg] lji
fof;St sfd's ljifo . JoSt lj) [;+)] != k|s6 ulPsf] OlGb|off k|ToIf ug{ ;lsg] . @= c
fcufl8sf], cfFvfn] b]Vg ;lsg] v'n:t :ki6 . tf gf) JoQm x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf :ki6tf .
zAb gf) ;'Gg] JolQmxff pxL kdf elgg] n]lvg] zAb j0f{gfTds zAb . JolQm gf) [;+)]
g; . @= ceGbf 5'} cl:tTj ePsf] k|f0fL .#= hflt jf ;d"xdWo] Pp6f . $= :jtGq ;Qf . %
= JoQm x'g] jf :ki6 x'g] sfd . JolQmg' c) lqm) [JoSt O g'] JoQm x'g' . JolQmut lj) [;+)
] sg} Ps JolQm;Fu dfq ;DaGw ePsf] Ps hgfl;t dfq ;DaGw fVg] Ps JolQmsf] . clwsf gf)
jwfgff k|bQ ;'lIft, JolQmsf] df}lns clwsf b]zsf] k|To]s gfulsn] ;+ljwfgadf]lhd st{J
ng u]kl5 k|fKt x'g] df}lns clwsf . ljj0f gf) sg} ;]jf jf k];fdf ;+nUg JolQmsf ljifod
gfd, y, jtg, tLgk':t], hGd]sf] ;fn, ldlt, z}lIfs of]Uotf cflb v'nfO{ n]vfO{ lnOg
] ljj0f JolQmut clen]v j}olQms j[QfGt . JolStlrq gf) [;+)] != sg} Ps JolQml;t ;DalGwt
lrq . @= sg} Ps JolQmn] tof u]sf] lrq . JolStTj gf) [;+)] != sg} JolQmsf] j}olSts lj
z]iftfnfO{ b]vfpg] u'0f . @= JolQmljz]ifsf] lghLkg . #= JolQmn] cnfO{ k| e fljt k
fg] { JolStljz] i fdf lglxt ljz] i ftf . ~ af]w gf) sg} JolStdf ljz]if kdf lglxt u'
0f jf IfdtfnfO{ yfxf kfpg] sfd JolStsf lghL ljz]iftfsf] af]w jf 1fg . ~ ljsf; gf)
JolQmsf] JolStut u'0f jf ljz]iftfnfO{ ljsl;t kfg]{ jf x'g] sfd . JolSt k"hf gf) [
;+)] sg} b]z jf ;dfhsf] hg;d'bfonfO{ eGbf Pp6f JolQmnfO{ dxj lbg] sfd sg} JolQmljz]i
fnfO{ dfq ljz]if dxj k|bfg ug]{ tyf p;sf] u'0fufg ug]{ sfd . JolSt k|wfg lj) [;+)]
!= JolStnfO{ k|wfgtf lbg] JolQmsf] dxj ePsf] . @= cfjZostfcg';f aflxL sfnfO{ u|x0f u
sf] eP tfklg slj jf n]vssf lghL ljz]iftfn] k|wfgtf kfPsf] (cleJolQm, z}nL cflb)
. JolQm fhgLlt gf) [;+)] JolQmJolQmdf ;Lldt fhgLlt . JolQm efiff gf) [;+)] eflifsfIf
]qleqsf sg} JolQmff af]lng] zAbk, jfSou7g JolQmut s]xL leGgtf ePsf] efiff . JolQmjfb
gf) [;+)] != csf] jf:t} guL JolQmut :jfy{ dfq l;4 ug{ vf]Hg] ljrf jf dt . @= ;Dej e
P;Dd

j}f]rg gf) [;+)] != af}4 wd{df k~r WofgL a'4dWo] Pssf nflu k|o'Qm x'g] zAb jh|wfTjL
ZjLsf klt ;dGteb|sf lktf . @= r}Tosf aLrdf flvPsf] b]jtf . #= fhf aln . j}f]k}f] gf)
]Of]klxf] . j}ofO gf) [j}l ofO] j}lg] efj, lqmof jf k|lqmof cf]OofO . j}nIf0o gf)
ljnIf0ftf . j}ng' c) lqm) [;+) cjDnfg g'] cf]Ong' . j}nf gf) [c) j]n] Ps hftsf] c;n 3
f]8f . j}nfO gf) [ j}nfp( cfO)] cf]Onfpg] lqmof jf efj . [ > ] j}nfOg' c) lqm) cf]Onf
Og' . j}nfpg' c) lqm) [;+) cjDnfg g'] x]) cf]Onfpg' . j}j:jt gf) [;+)] != dg'iosf d"n
k'?if dflgPsf rf}w dg'dWo] ;ftf}F dg' jt{dfg dg' . @= odfh . #= zlg . j}jflxs lj)
[;+)] ljjfx;DaGw ljjfxsf] . clwsf gf) != ljjfx;DaGwL clwsf . @= ljjfx;DaGwaf6 k|fKt
x'g] clwsf . ;DaGw gf) ljjfxsf] ;DaGw;Fu hf]lPsf] gftf], ;fOgf] jf tT;DaGwL ;"q ufF
7f] . j}zfv gf) [;+)] ;f}dfgcg';f jif{sf] k|yd dlxgf r}q Ho]i7 dlxgfsf] aLrsf] dlxgf
;"o{ d]if flzdf 5Fbf kg]{ dlxgf . > j}zfvL gf) != ljzfvf gIfqdf kg]{ k"l0f{df ljzfv
f gIfqo'Qm k"l0f{df j}zfvsf] k"l0f{df . @= Pp6f v'f gePsf JolQmxn] sfvLdf c8fO{ 6]ls
g] sfk] nL . j}lzi6 gf) [;+)] ljlzi6 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljlzi6tf . j}Zo gf) [;+)] k
|frLg cfo{xsf] ;fdflhs cj:yfcg';f s[lif, jfl0fHo, kz'kfng cflb k];f lng] hflt k|frL
g cfo{xsf] j0f{Joj:yfcg';f t];|f] j0f{ . ~ sd{ gf) j0f{Joj:yfcg';f j}Zohfltn] ug]{ s
fd v]tL, Jofkf cflb k];f j}Zoj[lQ . ~ b]jtf gf) wd{zf:qdf j;', ?b|, ljZjb]j tyf d?t\
sf nflu k|oQ ' m x'g] zAb . ~ j[lQ gf) j}Zoxff k];fsf kdf ulg] sfd j}Zoxsf] j[lQ j
. j}>j0f gf) [;+)] != sj] . @= fj0f . #= lnR5ljsfnLg g]kfndf k|rlnt d'bf | lnR5ljsfn
Lg g]kfnL d'bf | sf] gfd . j}Zjb]j gf) [;+)] zf:qcg';f u[x:yLsf 3df ef]hg ug'e { Gb
f klxn] lgTo ulg] kfFr k|sfsf dxfo1dWo] Ps k~r dxfo1dWo] e"to1 . > j}Zjb]jL gf) b'O{
du0f, b'O{ ou0f ePsf] kfFrf}F cIfdf olt ePsf] 5Gbljz]if . j}Zjfg gf) [;+)] != clUg
. @= h7/flUg (k]6sf] cfuf]) . j}ifDo gf) [;+)] ljifd x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf ljifdtf
. j}i0fj gf) [;+)] != cfgf] cffWo b]jtfsf kdf lji0f'sf] pkf;gf ug]{ JolQm lji0f'sf e
Qm . @= lji0f' jf lji0f'sf sg} cjtfnfO{ k|wfgtf lbO{ cffwgf, pkf;gf ug]{ wfld{s ;Dk
|bfo . lj) #= lji0f';DaGwL . j}i0fjL gf) [;+)] != nIdL . @= j}i0fj wd{df bLlIft e
PsL

JolQmj[QJoo x]s If]qdf JolQm :jtGq x'g'k5{ p;dfly fHo jf ;dfhsf] sd lgoGq0f x'gk '
5{ egL dfGg] fhgLlts l;4fGt ;d"xjfbsf] ljkLtjfb . > JolQmjfbL lj) != JolQmjfbdf ljZj
f; ug] { JolQmjfbsf] ;dy{ s jf cg' o foL . @= JolQmjfb;DaGwL JolQmjfbsf] . JolQmj
[Q gf) [;+)] JolQmsf] j}olQms hLjgsf] ;Dk"0f{ oyfy{ j[QfGt JolQmsf] lghL hLjg;Fu ;
DalGwt tYo afof]8f6f . JoQmLs0f gf) JoQm jf k|s6 ug]{ lqmof jf k|lqmof . JoQmLs[t lj
) [;+)] :ki6 jf k|s6 ulPsf] :ki6Ls[t . JoSTofO gf) [ JolQm( ofO)] JolQmg] efj, lqmof j
f k|lqmof . [> ] JoSTofOg' s) lqm) JoSt ulg' jf ufOg' . JoSTofpg' ;) lqm) JoQm ug'{ k
|s6df Nofpg' . Jou| lj) [;+)] Jofsn ljXjn . tf gf) Jou| x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf Jofsnt
Jo\u lj) [;+)] != z jf c\u gePsf] zxg . @= zdf sg} Ps c\u gePsf] (sfgf], v
cflb) . Jo\ U o lj) [ ;+ ) ] != clewf nIf0ffeGbf leGg Jo~hgfj[lQff af]w x'g] anf3ft
cs}{ ulxf] cy{ emNsg] kflPsf] Pp6f sf eg]em}F u csf]{ sf elgPsf] 5]8 xflgPsf] . g
lewf nIf0ffeGbf leGg Jo~hgfff a'lemg] u"9fy{ ;f\s]lts cy{ . #= 5gs . ~ lrq gf) sg}
Qm jf 36gfnfO{ nIo u To;df ePsf] gfd|f] kIfsf] Jo\Uok"j{s pkxf; u] n]lvPsf] lrq sf6'
g . ~ ljgf]b gf) Jo\Uojftf{, k|x;g, sfsfg clegoff dgf]~hg ug]{, dg axnfpg] jf cfg
g] sfd . > Jo\UofTds lj) sg} JolQm jf 36gfk|lt Jo\Uo ulPsf] 5]8vfgn] elPsf] 5]8 xf
] Jo\Uok"0f{ . Jo\Uofy{ gf) jfRofy{ nIofy{eGbf leGg lsl;dsf], Jo~hgfj[lQff af]w x'g
jz]if rdTsf cy{ WjGoy{ . Jo\Uof]lQm gf) != ;f]em} geg] 3'dfpf] kffn] elgPsf] sf]
ePsf] plQm . @= 5]8vfg u] elgPsf] sf] Jo\Uok"0f{ plQm 5]8 . Jo~hs lj) [;+)] != Jo~h
{af]w ufpg] ;fdfGo cy{sf cltlQm Jo\Uofy{nfO{ klg JoQm ug]{ (zAb). @=Jo\Uofy{ k|s6 ug
],{ a'emfpg] jf Jo\Uo efj hgfpg] (zAb) . gf) #= gf6sdf cfGtls efj JoQm ug]{ r]i6f x
fpefp clego . Jo~hg gf) [;+)] != ;f;, 3f]qmf] d'v x'Fb}, afwf Pj+ ;\s \ 0f{tf a]xf
]b,{} vl08t k|jfxsf ;fy 68\sff] 3if{0f pTkGg ub}{ aflx lg:sg] ;3f]if tyf c3f]if Wj
lg :jsf] ;xfotfljgf :jtGq kn] pRrlt x'g] j0f{ :jxg j0f{ sb]lv x;Ddsf
1176

j0f{ . @= sg} cy{ jf sg} sfnfO{ JoQm ug]{ lqmof k|s6ufO . #= d'Vo ef]hgnfO{ :jflbi6 a
fpg] bfn, tsf, crf cflb ;xfos ef]Hokbfy{ . ~ ;lGw gf) b'O{ Jo~hgj0f{sf] ;lGw x'g] J
ofsl0fs lqmof xn\;lGw (h:t} ;t\ hg;Hhg, tt\ dotGdo cflb) . Jo~hgf gf) [;+)] zAbsf cle
If0ff Jo~hgf tg zlQmdWo] Ps jfRofy{ nIofy{eGbf leGg, Jo\Uofy{ jf ljz]if rdTsf cy{
a'emfpg] zAbzlQm . ~ j[lQ gf) != Jo\UofTds kdf jf 3'dfpf] kffn] efj JoQm ug]{ j[lQ j
f z}n . @= Jo~hgfzlQm . Jol~ht lj) [;+)] Jo~hgfzlQmff af]w ufOPsf] JoQm ulPsf] Wjlg
Joltqmd gf) [;+)] != l;nl;nf 6'6]sf] jf gldn]sf] l:ylt qmde\u . @= sg} qmddf x'g] a
fwf jf f]sfj6 . #= ljlw, lgod cflbsf] pNn\3g . $= ljg afwf c8\sfp . > Joltqmd0f gf) q
dsf] pn6km] qmde\u Joltqmd . Jolt]s gf) [;+)] != k:k gldNg] ljf]w u'0f jf sf c
oeGbf leGg k|lqmof cltqmd0f . #= s]x wd{sf cfwfdf ;dfg pkdfg, pkd]odf pkdfgeGbf s
]x u'0fsf] cflwSo jf Go"gtf eO{ j}wDo{ jf kms a'lemPdf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . Jott lj)
[;+)] != klxn] g} eO;s]sf] lat]sf] u'h|]sf] ljut . @= d]sf] d[t . #= k|:yfg u]sf] k
yt . Joyf gf) [;+)] dfgl;s jf zfls kdf x'g] k8f si6 k lrGtf . @= ladf la;Grf]
t lj) != Joyfu|:t kl8t . @= cflQPsf] 8fPsf] eoet . #= k k]sf] lrlGtt . Jolerf
!= cg'lrt jf vfa sfddf nfUg] k|j[lQ cgfrf b'frf b'Zrlqtf . @= k:q jf kk'?if;Fu
rt of}g ;DaGw (G8afh, j]Zofj[lQ cflb) . #= dof{bf cflbsf] cltqmd0f . > Jolerfl0f
gf) rlq e|i6 ePs :jf:gdflg; kk'?if;Fu cg'lrt of}g ;DaGw fVg] :q Jolerfdf k|j[Q :q
. Jolerf lj) [;+)] != k:q;Fu cg'lrt of}g ;DaGw fVg] Jolerf ug]{ b'Zrlq . @= vfa
nfu]sf] sntdf k|jQ [ . efj gf) :yfoL efjsf ;xsfL kdf jt{dfg xg] cg]s ;df Joler
f uL ;lgiklQ ufpg ;xfos x'g,] ;flxTodf k|rlnt Ps efj ;~rfL efj jf ;xrfL efj . Joo gf
;+)] != sg} sfddf x'g] wg, an, a'l4 cflbsf] vr{ Ifo gfz . @= j:t' cflb 36\b} hfg] s
fd x|f; . #= Hof]ltifzf:qcg';f nUgs08nLsf] afx|f}F :yfg . sfs lj) vr{ ufpg] vlr{nf
ef gf) ;sfL jf

1177

Joy{Jo;g ug]{ hgk|ltlglwxsf] ;ef k|ltlglw;ef ljwflosf ;ef ;+;b\ . Joj:yflkt lj) [;+)
oj:yf ldnfOPsf] k|aGw ulPsf] lgod ljlwk"j{s flvPsf] jf fVg nufOPsf] . Joj:yfKo lj)
)] Joj:yf ldnfpg'kg]{ Joj:yf ldnfpg ;lsg] Joj:yf ldnfpg of]Uo . Joj:yfd'vL lj) [;+)
] != Joj:yftkm{ em'ss ] f] . @= Joj:yfnfO{ ;xof]u k'ofpg] . Joj:yfjfbL lj) [;+)] J
oj:yfsf kIfdf af]Ng] Joj:yfnfO{ dg kfpg] . Jojl:yt lj) [;+)] Joj:yf ldn]sf] oyf:yfg
oyfqmddf x]sf] ;'Jojl:yt . tf gf) Jojl:yt x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt Jojl:ylt . > Jojl:ylt
gf) Jojl:yttf . Jojxf gf) [;+)] != kfljfls jf ;fdflhs hLjgdf Pp6f JolQmn] cl;t ug]{ c
fr0f . @= rfnrng . #= n]gb]g . $= Lltl:ylt . %= rngrfFhf] . %= sfdsfh . &= d'2fdfl
dnf . > Jojxfs lj) != Jojxf ug]{ JojxfL . @= n]gb]g cflb ug]{ JofkfL . tM lqm) lj
ldNg] uL Jojxfl;t kmf6f] gx'g] kf] . jfb gf) != Jofjxfls kIfdf a9L hf]8 lbg] Ps bf
ljrfwff . @= gfulsxsf] Jojxfl;t ;DalGwt d'2fdfldnf . ~ ljlw gf) != ljz]if sfdsf nflu
:yflkt ;\3;+:yf ltgsf] ;~rfng cflbsf ljifol;t ;DalGwt lgodsfg'g cflbsf] :ki6 l;nl
;nf ldnfO{ ulPsf] ;\ux | . @= sfdsf] jf sfddf pkof]u ug]{ tlsf jf sfObf . #= ljleGg
sfdsfsf] Jojxf ldnfpg pNn]v ulPsf] zf:q wd{zf:q ljlwzf:q . > Jojxfls lj) x]) Jofjx
JojxfL lj) != Jojxfdf nfu]sf] Jojxfdf leh]sf] . @= Jojxf ug{ hfGg] Jojxfdf lgk'0f .
ojxfdf cfpg] sfd nfUg] . $= d'2fdfldnf cflb ug{ l;kfn' cfcbfnt a'em]sf] . Jojxfo{ lj)
Jojxfdf Nofpg ;lsg] Jojxf ug{ of]Uo . Jojt lj) [;+)] Jojxfdf k|of]u ulPsf] sfddf N
f] k|of]udf cfPsf] . Joli6 gf) [;+)] cfk"mdf k"0f{ ;dli6sf] Ps c+z ~ d"ns lj) Joli6
sf p2]Zon] tof ulPsf] Joli6sf p2]Zon] ag]sf] Joli6k|wfg . Jo;g gf) [;+)] != w"dkfg, d
fbs kbfy{sf] ;]jgh:tf sfdf nfu]sf] nt . @= sg} ljifok|ltsf] cTolws cf;lSt . #= gfd|f
] lsl;dl;t c:tJo:t x'g] lqmof . $= ljklQ . %= ljof]u . > Jo;gL lj) != w"dkfg, dfb
s kbfy{sf] ;]jgh:tf sfsf] ntdf nfu]sf] cDdnL . @= sg} sfdsfk|lt a9L cf;St ePsf] . #=
} sfddf Psfu|tfsf ;fy nfu]sf] tNnLg .

u};sfL kdf ;'? ulg] sg} of]hgf jf sfo{df nfUg] vr{sf] ef . > JooL lj) a9L vr{ ug]{
sf] vrf{n' . Joy{ lj) [;+)] != sg} cy{ gePsf] ljgfcy{sf] lgy{s . @= sg} sfddf gcfpg]
fk|of]hgsf] pkof]lutfljgfsf] lagl;lQsf] . lqm) lj) #= gfxs lagl;lQ laTyf . Jojwfg gf)
[;+)] != sg} sfnfO{ vl08t ug]{ j:t' jf lqmof . @= aLrdf 5]Sg] j:t' kbf{ cfj0f . #= 5
saf cf8 cf]6 . $= layf]Ng] sfd afwf c8\sfp . Jojwfos lj) [;+)] != afwfc8sfp k}bf ug]{
ojwfg ug]{ . @= sg} sfdsfdf 5]sy'g ug]{ . Joj;fo gf) != hLljsfsf nflu ulg] sg} klg sf
{ hLjglgjf{xsf] ;fwg j[lQ k];f f]huf Ond . @= sfd . #= k|of; pBd . $= Jofkf . %= l
ltof, pks0f, ;fdfg cflb agfpg] sfd jf pBf]u . ~ k|lzIf0f gf) sg} Joj;fo jf k];fdf bI
ftf xfl;n ug{ lbOg] tflnd sg} Joj;fo;Fu ;Da4 k|lzIf0f . ~ ;\3 gf) pBf]u, Jofkf, gf]sL
cflb sg} k];fl;t ;DalGwt JolQm jf sd{rfLxsf] xs, lxtsf] ;'Iff ug{ ag]sf] ;\3 jf ;+:yf
. > Joj;foL lj) pBf]u, Jofkf, gf]sL cflb sg} k];f;Fu ;DalGwt sg} Joj;fodf nfu]sf] .
oj:yf gf) [;+)] != h:tf] x'gk ' g]{ xf] 7Ls To:t} cj:yf fd|f] xfnt OGthfd k|aGw . @=
ltl:ylt rfnrng . #= zf:q jf P]gsfg'gff l:y ulPsf] lgod jf ljwfg . $= j:t'x oyfqmd ldn
P fVg] sfd . %= sg} sfdsf lglDtsf] rNbf]ldNbf] pkfo af6f] . > Joj:yftf gf) k|aGws Joj
yfks . Joj:yfks gf) != sg} sfdsfsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] jf tT;DaGwL sfo{;~rfng ug]{ JolQm
k|aGws . lj) @= sg} j:t' jf dfn;fdfg cflb 7Ls;Fu ldnfP oyf:yfg fVg] . #= sg} sf jf ;d
ofdf zf:qLo jf sfg'g;DaGwL ;Nnfx lbg] . $= sg} ljifoj:t'sf] zf:qLo ljwfg b:tfa]h .
Joj:yfkg gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsfsf] Joj:yf jf k|aGw ldnfpg] sfd tth'd { f . @= sg} j
, dfn;fdfg cflbnfO{ oyf:yfg oyfqmd fVg] sfd . #= sg} sf] jf ;d:ofsf] 6'u \ f] nufpg]
sfd lgwf{0f lg0f{o lgZro . $= sg} ljifodf lgodsfg'g agfpg] sfd jf ljlw . > Joj:yfkgLo
lj) Joj:yfkg ug{ plrt Joj:yf ug'k { g]{ Joj:yfKo . Joj:yflksf gf) [;+)] sg} ;\3, ;+:y
f jf ;sfsf] gLltlgod agfpg] jf ;fdfGo sfo{gLlt lgwf{lt ug]{ ;ef jf ;bg ;sfsf tLg k|dv
' c\u Joj:yflksf, sfo{kflnsf GofokflnsfdWo] Ps ljwflosf . ;ef gf) cfjZostfcg';f k'
P]gsfg'gsf] ;+zf]wg ug]{ gofF sfg'g agfpg] tyf ;sfsf] ;fdfGo sfo{gLlt lgwf{0f

Jo:tJofkf/ Jo:t lj) [;+)] sg} sfddf Psfu|tf;fy ;+nUg x]sf] sfdsfhn] ubf{ a]k'm;{b x]s
] . tf gf) != Jo:t xgfsf] efj jf l:ylt k"0f{ ksf] ;+nUgtf . @= sg} sfdn] ubf{ x'g] a
k'm;{bL . Jofs0f gf) [;+)] != sg} efiffsf zAb, zAbsf ljleGg k, ltgsf] ;+rgfljlw, jfSo
To;sf ljleGg c\u tyf ltgLxsf] kf:kls ;DaGw v'fpg'sf ;fy} zAb, jfSo cflbsf] z'4 k|o
ug]{ lgodsf] lgk0f ug]{ zf:q zAb tyf jfSo;DaGwL lgod pbfx0fsf] ;\sng ug]{ zf:q . @=
j]bsf 5 c\udWo] Ps . #= JofVof . sf gf) Jofs0f agfpg] Jofs0fsf] rlotf j}ofs0f .
) Jofs0f . > Jofs0ffTds lj) Jofs0fsf lgodfg';f x'g] Jofs0fdf cfwflt (ln\uJoj:yf, j
cflb) . Jofs0fL lj) Jofs0fzf:qsf] 1ftf j}ofs0fL . Jofs'n lj) [;+)] != sg} b'Mv jf kL
bf{ dgdf zflGt gePsf] ljsn . @= cflQPsf] x8a8fPsf] . tf gf) Jofs n x' g fsf] efj jf
l:ylt cTof; ljsntf . > Jofs' l nt lj) != Jofs n ePsf] . @= cflQPsf] x8a8fPsf] dg cl:
ePsf] Jou| . JofVof gf) [;+)] != cy{ :ki6 gePsf] sg} kb, jfSo sljtf cflbsf] cy{ efj
:ki6 v'nfpg] ljj0f 6Lsf . @= sg} sf, 36gf, b[Zo cflbsf] v'n:t j0f{g JofVofg . sf
{ :ki6 gePsf] sg} kb, jfSo sljtf cflbsf] cy{ efj :ki6 uL 6Lsf n]Vg] 6Lsfsf . ~ qmd g
) sg} hl6n kb, jfSo, sljtf cflbsf] JofVof ug]{ qmd . > JofVoftf lj) JofVofsf . JofV
ofTds lj) != JofVofn] o'Qm JofVof;lxtsf] . @= JofVofsf] p2]Zon] ePsf] jf tof kflPsf]
. JofVofg gf) [;+)] != JofVof jf j0f{g ug]{ sfd efif0f jSt[tf . @= JofVof . ~ kL7 g
f) efif0f jf k|jrg lbg agfOPsf] cUnf] d~r JofVofg lbg tof kflPsf] d~r . ~ dfnf gf) n
uftf Pskl5 csf]{ u] lbOg] JofVofgsf] qmd . ~ ljlw gf) k|jrg jf JofVofg lbg] k4lt . ~
lzf]dl0f gf) JofVofg ug{df lgk'0f >]i7 JofVoftf . JofVo]o lj) [;+)] != JofVof ug'{k
g]{ jf JofVof ug{ nfos . @= efif0f ug{ x'g] jf ug{ of]Uo . tf gf) JofVo]o x'gfsf]
efj jf cj:yf JofVof ug{ nfos l:ylt . Jof3ft gf) [;+)] != 7"nf] rf]6 cf3ft . @= afw
f ljg . #= b'O6f sf] jf egfOdf x]sf] kf:kls ljf]w sf aflemPsf] l:ylt . $= Hof]lt
fg\ cflb of]udWo] Ps cz'e of]u . %= sg} pkfoff l;4 ulPsf] j:t'nfO{ To;} pkfon] ljkLt
l;4 ubf{ x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . ^= lau|g] jf gfl;g] sfd . &= v08g . > Jo3fts lj) laufg]
{
1178

jf gf:g] sfd rf}k6 kfg]{ Jo3ft ug]{ . Jof3ftL lj) != Jof3ft ug]{ Jof3fts . @= afwsL
. Jof3| gf) [;+)] af3 . ~ rd{ gf) af3sf] 5fnf a3Da . ~ gv gf) != af3sf] g g\u|f . @
sf] g\u|fsf] cfsfsf], xftdf nufP zq' jf l; p7]sf] dflg;nfO{ lryf]g]{ Ps xltof . > Jof
3|L gf) al3gL . Jofh gf) [;+)] != em'Sofpg] sfd 5n sk6 wf]sf . @= jf:tljs geP b]vfj6L
sf0f lgx'F axfgf . lgGbf gf) ;;tL x]bf{ k|z+;f u]h:tf] b]lvg] t jf:tjdf lgGbf ul
f x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf jfRofy{ :t'lt, Jo\Uofy{ lgGbf x'Fbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . :t'lt gf
x]bf{ lgGbf ulPsf] h:tf] b]lvg] t jf:tjdf k|z+;f ulPsf] x'Fbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf jfRofy
lgGbf Jo\Uofy{ :t'lt x'Fbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . > Jofhf]lSt gf) != jf:tljs cfzo To:tf
] geP b]vfj6L kdf dfq elgPsf] egfO . @= PskN6 d'vaf6 k'ml:s;s]sf] jf k|s6 eO;s]sf]
sfnfO{ 9fs5f]k ug]{ cy{ hgfpFbf x'g] Ps cyf{n\sf . Jofbfg gf) [;+)] d'v afpg] sfd d'
kmfpg] sfd . Jofwf gf) [;+)] != df;' vfg jf dgf]ljgf]b ug{ h\unL kz'kIfLnfO{ dfg]{
JolQm h\unL kz'kIfLnfO{ df] hLljsf rnfpg] JolQm l;sfL . Joflw gf) [;+)] != zfLls
. @= ;\s6 . #= j]bgf kL8f . $= ;flxTodf Ps ;~rfL efj . %= ;flxTodf k"j{fusf b; bzfdW
o] Ps . > Joflwt lj) f]uu|:t Joflwu|:t . Jofg gf) [;+)] kfFr jfo'dWo] zLel JofKt eP
fo' . Jofks lj) [;+)] != cfgf] rf}lt km}lnPsf] ;j{q lkmFlhPsf] . @= rf}lt 9fs] x]s
7"nf] lj:t[t . #= rf}lt k|efj kfg]{ . tf gf) Jofks x'gfsf] efj cfgf] rf}lt km}ng
lj:t[lt km}nfj6 . Jofkf gf) [;+)] != nfesf lglDt sg} j:t' jf dfn;fdfg vlb u] jf pTkf
u] laqmL ug]{ sfd lsGg]a]Rg] sfd jfl0fHo a]kf . @= Joj;fo . #= kmnsf] OR5fn] jf To;}
lg stf{n] ug]{ s'g} sfd . ~ s gf) != Jofkf ubf{ laqmL ePsf j:t'dfly nfUg] s . @= Jof
kfdf nfUg] lgwf{lt s . ~ lrXg gf) JofkfLn] csf dfnb]lv leGg b]vfpg cfgf dfndf nufpg]
z]if lrXg JofkflrXg . ~ k|jw{g ;ldlt gf) g]kfn clwfHodf pTkflbt ljleGg k|sfsf pkof]uL
dfn;fdfgxsf] ljb]zLx;Fu x'g] Jofkfdf ljljwLs0fsf ;fy} pQf]Q j[l4 ug{ufpg u7g ulPsf
lt . ~ d08n;\3

1179

JofkflsJo"x x'g hfGg] . tf gf) Jofjxfls x'gfsf] efj jf l:ylt . Jof; gf) [;+)] != j]b
f dGqxsf] ;\u|x ug]{ ltgnfO{ tLg efudf ljeQm ug]{ k'f0fk|l;4 Ps Clif k'f0fxsf lgdf{
jf ;Dkfbgstf{ Clif j]bJof; s[i0f}kfog . @= k'f0f eGg] JolQm k'f0fsf jQmf jf jfrs . #=
j[Qkllwsf] Ps :yfgaf6 csf]{ :yfg;Dd k'Ug] slNkt ;f]emf] ]vf . $= sg} j:t'sf] lj:tf km
}nfj6 . %= lxpF kUn]sf] j]nf g]kfn ltAatsf aLr cfjfudg ug{ x'g] ;'b" klZrdf~rnsf]
Ps If]q tyf 3f6L o;} gfdsf] Ps lxdfn . ~ dfks lj) Jof;nfO{ gfKg] (oGq) . > Jof;fw
{ gf) != sg} j[Qsf] cfwf efu . @= sg} j[Qsf] s]Gb|b]lv kllwsf] sg} ljGb';Ddsf] ;f]emf
] ]vf . Joflt gf) [;+)] != plQm syg, cleJolQm . @= ufoqLdGqsf] k|fDedf cfpg] ;ft nf]s
sf k|tLs tLg zAb e"M e'jM, :jM cflb lqnf]sfTds dGq . Jo'Tqmd gf) [;+)] != sg} j:t'
jf sfdsf h'g qmddf x'g'kg]{ xf] To; qmddf gxg] qmd qmde\u Joltqmd . @= dof{bfsf] pNn
dof{bfsf] cltqmd0f . Jo'TklQ gf) [;+)] != k|sl[ t k|Toosf] ljefhgk"js { zAbsf] lj
u|x ug]{ lqmof sg} zAbsf] k|s[lt, k|Too To;sf] d"n ksf] lgk0f ug]{ lqmof . @= Jo'Tkl
Qk|lqmofsf] 1fg . #= 5Gb, Jofs0f, snf, nf]sl:ylt, kkbfy{sf] lj1fg cflbaf6 ulg] of]U
ofof]Uosf] ljj]s . $= ljz]if lsl;daf6 ePsf] pTklQ pTklQsf] k|lqmof . ~ d"ns lj) Jo
'TklQdf cfwflt ePsf] Jo'TklQk|wfg . ~ zf:q gf) sg} efiffdf ePsf zAbx ltgdf ePsf] Wjl
kljt{g tyf cy{kljt{gsf] lgk0f ug]{ zf:q zAbxsf] Jo'TklQ;DaGwL zf:q . Jo'TkGg lj) [;+)
!= fd|fg ] fd|f,] ;Toc;To 5'fpg] Ifdtf ePsf] ljrfzLn . @= k9]n]v]sf] b]v];'g]sf] l
#= sg} ljifosf] ljz]if1 . $= sg} d"nzAbdf k;u{, k"j; { u{ cflb hf]l8O{ ag]sf] ljz]i
f Jofsl0fs k|lqmofaf6 ag]sf] (zAb) . Jo'Tkfbs lj) [;+)] != Jo'TkGg ufpg] 1fg a9fpg]
. @= Jo'TklQ b]vfpg] . #= ljz]if lsl;dsf] j:t' tof ug]{ . Jo'Tkfbg gf) [;+)] Jo'Tk
Gg ufpg] lqmof . Jo"9 lj) [;+)] != qmddf flvPsf] 7fpF ldnfP flvPsf] . @= ;]gfkltxf
ulPsf] (;}Go) . #= sl;Psf] km}lnPsf] ljzfn (5ftL) . $= ljlxt . Jo"x gf) [;+)] != ;
d'bfo ;d"x . @= lgdf{0f rgf . #= n8fOFdf ;}lgsxnfO{ ljz]if lsl;dn] qmd ldnfP fVg] tl
}GoljGof; . $= ljz]if vfnsf] ts{ljts{ . ~ lgdf{0f gf) Jo"xrgf . ~ e\u gf) != o'4df ;
]gfsf] Jo"x tf]8g \ ] jf eTsfpg] sfd . @= ;]gfsf] 8kmfnfO{ lttlat kfg]{

gf) != cfgf] xs, lxtsf] ;+If0f ;+jw{g ug{ JofkfLx ldn] u7g ulPsf] ;+:yf JofkfLxs
lw ;+:yf . @= Jofkf ug{sf lglDt s]xL JolQmx ldnL ;+o'Qm kdf k'FhL nufO{ agfOPsf] ;f
d"lxs k JofkfsDkgL . Jofkfls lj) [;+)] != Jofkf;DaGwL . @= Jofkf ljifosf] . C0f g
f ug]{ p2]Zon] lnOPsf] C0f . ;+:yf gf) Jofkf;+:yf . JofkfL gf) [;+)] Jofkf ug]{ Jol
]kfL . JofkL lj) [;+)] != JofKt x'g] ;a}lt km}lng] . gf) @= :yfg sfnaf]ws gfdjfrL zA
bsf kl5lNt hf]l8P Tof] :yfg sfnnfO{ JofKt u] x]sf] eGg] cy{ a'emfO{ k"} kb ljz]if
zAb (h:t} ljZjJofkL, o'uJofkL, ;j{JofkL cflb) . JofKt lj) [;+)] != rf}lt km}lnPsf] h
tf;'s} lkmFlhPsf] 9flsPsf] . @= fd|L elPsf] klk"0f{ . #= rf}ltaf6 3]lPsf] a]lPsf
if lsl;daf6 k|fKt . JoflKt gf) [;+)] != JofKt x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf JofKt eP xg] sfd J
ofkstf . @= Gofozf:qcg';f Ps kbfy{ csf]{ kbfy{df k"0f{ kn] ldNg] sfd . #= klk"0f{tf
. Jofd gf) [;+)] b'j} xft sfFwsf ;f]em} b'j}lt km}nfpFbf Ps xftsf cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkfb
]lv csf]{ xftsf cf}Fnfsf 6'Kkf;Ddsf] ndfOsf] gfk . Jofdf]x gf) [;+)] != 1fgsf] ce
fj c1fg cljBf . @= ulxf] ;Ddf]x . Jofofd gf) [;+)] != zLnfO{ :j:y tyf tGb'?:t agfpg
Qm tyf :k"mlt{ k|fKt ug{ lgoldt kdf ulg] zfLls >d s;t . @= kl>d . #= km}nfpg] sfd n
g] sfd . $= ndfO . ~ e"ld gf) Jofofd:yn Jofofdzfnf . zfnf gf) Jofofd ulg] 3 s;t ug
pF Jofofde"ld cvf8f . JofofdL lj) [;+)] lgoldt kdf s;t ug]{ Jofofd ug]{ . Jofof]u gf
;+)] Pp6} dfq c\s k|l;4 syfgs ue{ ljdz{afx]s c tLg ;lGw, zfGtafx]s c ; k|wfg x'g] P
b; ksdWo] Ps . Jofj;flos lj) [;+)] != sg} Joj;fol;t ;DaGw ePsf] Joj;fo;DaGwL . @= lj
leGg Joj;fo jf k];fsf] cfwfdf x'g] jf ulg] (If]q, k|ltlglwTj cflb) . ;\u7g gf) ljleG
g k];fdf ;+nUg JolQmxn] cfgf] xs lxtsf] ;+If0f tyf ;+j4{gsf p2]Zon] v8f u]sf] ;+:yf
oj;fol;t ;Da4 JolQmxsf] k|ltlglw;\u7g . Jofjxfls lj) [;+)] != Jojxfdf rNg] jf rn]sf]
@= Jojxf hfg]sf] Jojxfdf l;kfn' . #= Jojxfcg'sn

Jof]dj|L8f sfd . ~ rgf gf) n8fOFsf] d}bfgdf zq';Fu le8\bf cfgf] kIfsf] ;'Iffsf lglDt
;]gfnfO{ ljz]if qmddf ldnfP fVg] sfd kmf}hL gfsfaGbL Jo"xlgdf{0f . Jof]d gf) [;+)] cf
sfz ge uug . rfL lj) != cfsfzdf ljr0f ug]{ cfsfzdf p8\g] cfsfzrfL . gf) @= b]jtf
. ~ d08n gf) != emG8f ktfsf . @= cfsfz . ~ ofg gf) cfsfzdfu{df p8\g] ofg ljdfg xjfO{h
xfh rLnuf8L . j|h gf) [;+)] != dy'f j[Gbfjgsf] glhssf] Ps If]q dy'fsf] pQltsf] Ps
. @= dfu{ . #= ;d"x . ~ efiff gf) dy'fsf] cf;kf;sf If]qdf af]lng] Ps :yfgLo efiff Ll
tsfnLg lxGbL ;flxTosf rgfsf] k|d'v dfWod ag]sf] efiff . ~ jw" gf) j|hjf;L :qLx uf]lk
gLx uf]lksf . > j|hz ] gf) s[i0f . j|t gf) [;+)] != zfLls, dfgl;s z'4tfsf lglDt jf
1180

wfld{s p2]Zon] ;+od, lgodk"j{s ulg] b]jtfsf] cffwgf, pkf;gf cflb . @= b]jflbsf] cff
wgf, k"hfcfhfsf ;fy jf k"hf cflb guLsg} lgfxf jf kmnfxf uL a:g] sfd . #= lgotsfnsf lg
lDt jf ;w}F s]xL j:t' dfq vfg] jf sg} j:t' pkef] u ug] { jf gug] { lgodsf] kfng .
~ rof{ gf) wfld{s cg'i7fg j|t a:g] sfd . ~ kffo0f gf) != j|tsf cGtdf ulg] hn, k|;fb
cflbsf] ef]hg j|tfGt ef]hg . @= j|tsf] ;dflKtsf cj;df j|tdf ePsf] sdL jf q'l6 k"f u
g{ ulg] wfld{s sfo{ . #= j|tsf] ;dflKt ;f\u] . aGw gf) a|fXd0f, Iflqo, j}Zosf iff]8z
;+:sfdWo] Ps pkgog;+:sf . > j|tL lj) j|t a:g] atf{n' . { g]{ o1f]kjLt j|fTo gf) [;+)
;do jf pd]cg';f ug'k cflb ;+:sf gu]sf] JolQm kltt JolQm . j|L8f gf) [;+)] != nfh nH
. @= c;lhnf]kg .

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1181
zz\s'

z
z b]jgfuL j0f{dfnfsf] tL;f}F Jo~hgj0f{ g]kfnLdf ; af6
Jolt]s gePsf] ;+:s[t Jofs0fcg';f tfnJo t :tLo g]kfnL pRrf0fcg';f tfn'bGtd"nLo, c3f
kk|f0f, pmid j0f{ n]Vo kdf ;f] j0f{sf] k|ltlglwTj ug]{ lnlklrXg tfnJo z df]6f] z . z
s gf) [;+)] != cflbd ynf] s[i0f;fu 5]p5fpdf ePsf] tyf lu|s l;lyog;Fu ldNbf]h'Nbf]
dflgg] Ps k|frLg cfo{hflt . @= Ps k|frLg fhfsf] gfd zflnjfxg . #= zs ;+jt\ . zs6 gf
) [;+)] != uf]?, fFuf cflbn] tfGg] rSsfjfn uf8f jf ofg . @= b'O{ xhf kn jf tLg dgaf
a x'g], k|frLg ;dosf hf]vfOsf] kldf0f cyjf dfg . > zsl6sf gf) ;fgf] zs6 jf uf8f . z
s gf) [kmf)] ;v . sGb gf) ;vv08 . kfnf gf) ;vkfnf . zsn gf) [;+)] af]qmf] jNsn
] v08 . zs;+jt\ gf) [;+)] O:jL ;g\eGbf c7xQ jif{kl5 ljqmd ;+jt\eGbf Ps ;o k}FtL; jif
{kl5 cfDe ePsf] zflnjfxgsf] gfddf k|l;4 Ps ;+jt\ . zsfAb gf) [;+)] zs ;+jt\sf] jif
{ . zsf gf) [;+)] pid j0f{sf] k|yd cIf . zs'g gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf] yfngLdf emlNsg]
jf b]lvg] z'e jf cz'e nIf0f . @= sg} df\ulns sfo{sf lglDtsf] ;fOt d'xt " { . #= ;u
'g . ~ zf:q gf) zsg To;sf] z'e jf cz'e kmn atfpg] zf:q zsgf}tL . zs'lg gf) [;+)] rf
fL -vf; uL sv'f], rLn, lu4, afh cflb) . @= w[tfi6sL kTgL ufGwfLsf] efO b'of]w { gsf
fdf dxfeftsf] Ps b'i6 kfq . lj) #= cg'lrt ;Nnfx lbg] jf s6gLlts rfn rNg] sk6L h'jf8]
. zs'gL lj) [;+)] zsg jf ;fOt x]g]{ zsgsf] 1ftf . zs'gf}tL gf) [zsg cf}tL] zsg;DaGwL
d'x"t{sf] ljrf ug]{ ljBf zsgzf:q . zs'Gt gf) [;+)] != kIfL rf] . @= gLns07 kIfL 7]pj
> zs'Gts gf) kIfL rf] . zs'Gtnf gf) != ljZjfldqsf] tk:of e\u ug{sf lglDt OGb|ff :ju
6 k7fOPsL d]gsf cK;faf6 hGd]sL ljZjfldqsL k'qL . (d]gsfn] :ju{ kms{b Ff aflnsfnfO
{ PsfGt h\undf 5f]8s ] f] zsGt (kIfL) xn] ltgsf] Iff u]sfn] zsGtnf gfd x]sf] elgG5
= s0j ClifsL wd{k'qL, b'ioGtsL fgL etsL cfdf . zSt lj) [;+)] != zlQm jf ;fdYo{ ePsf
] ;dy{ ;Ifd of]Uo . @= tfutbf alnof] bx|f] . zlSt gf) [;+)] != tg, dg jf wgsf kdf
Yo{ hf]8 an tfut kfqmd . @= fHodf xg] k|d'v tj (k|d'v pT;fx, dGq0ff cflb) . #= ;lqm
L ;fdYo{sf kdf x]sf b]jkTgL jf :qLb]jtf (OGb|f0fL, j}i0fjL, a|Xdf0fL, a|XdjflbgL,
sf}dfL, gfl;+xL jffxL) . $= O{ZjLo k|sl[ t jf dfof . %= zAbsf ljljw cy{ a'emfpg] tLg
;fdYo{ jf cy{zlQm (clewf, nIf0ff Jo~hgf) . ^= jfik, pmhf{ jf lah'nLaf6 k}bf x'g
] ;fdYo{ Ifdtf . &= eu of]lg (tGqdf) . *= k|xf ulg] c:q (efnf, a5f{ cflb) . (= jf:t'
jf d"lt{df gf} cdnafasf] gfk gf} c\u'n dfqfsf] gf}ug ' fafasf] gfk k|fb]z, ;"q, u|
asf] gfk . u|x gf) zAbsf ljleGg k|sfsf cy{ a'emfpg] j[lQ jf zlQmsf] 1fg . ~ 3 gf) la
'nL cflb zlQm k}bf x'g] 7fpF jf 3 zlQme08f (kfj xfp;) . qo gf) != fHosf k|dv ' tLg
m (k|e'zlQm, dGqzlQm pT;fxzlQm) . @= zAbsf tLg lsl;dsf cy{ a'emfpg] zlQm (clewf,
nIf0ff Jo~hgf) . dQf gf) zlQmdfg\ x'gfsf] rfn jf l:ylt . dfg\ lj) zlQm ePsf] ;fdY
{jfg\ anjfg\ . zfnL lj) zlQm jf ;fdYo{n] o'Qm zlQmdfg\ . ~ ;DkGg lj) zlQmn] ek" al
cfF6L . z\s gf) [;+)] != lzj dxfb]j . lj) @= cfgGb jf ;d[l4 lbg] sNof0f ug]{ d\undo
pbf) z\s ;xfo 5g\ tf eo\ssf] s] 8 < pvfg) . > z\sfrfo{ gf) O:jLsf] cf7f}F ztfAbL
cfrfo{ tyf c}tjfbsf k|jt{s bfz{lgs ;GGof;L . z\sf gf) [;+)] != s]xL clgi6 xf]nf ls
eGg] 8 cfz\sf ;Gb]x . (pbf) z\sfn] n\sf lk5{ pvfg) . @= ;\sNkljsNk lljwf wd
k}bf ug]{ ;+zodf kfg]{ . > z\sfn' lj) z\sf ug]{ :jefjsf] dgdf z\sf lnOxg] . z\sf:kb
sf ug]{ :jefjsf] dgdf z\sf ug{ ;lsg] l:yltsf] ;Gb]xf:kb . z\lst lj) z\sf ulPsf] z\
z\sL lj) z\sf ug]{ :jefjsf] 8fpg] (k|foM pk;u{ nfUbf jf ;df;sf] cGtdf k|o'Qm x'g], h
:t} cfz\sL, ljz\sL, clgi6z\sL, kfkz\sL O)) . z\s ' gf) [;+)] != tLvf] 3f]Rg] xltof
, efnf cflb) . @= leQflt ufl8g] sLnf], v'6L, d]v cflb j:t' . #= 38Lsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\'Sha'.p65

z\vzlg s]Gb|df xg] ;'Of] . $= kftsf] 8fF7 jf e]6g' . %=k|frLg sfndf k|rlnt afx| c\un
' sf] gfk . ^= emLgf l; x'g] Ps hftsf] d[u . z\v gf) [;+)] != ;d'b|df kfOg] 3'FuL h
ftsf sLfsf] 9'u \ fh:tf] ;fx|f] u'8 F jf va6f] To;}sf] cl3 o'4df zq'kIfnfO{ xfFs :j
kIfnfO{ pT;fx lbg ahfOg] cr]n sg} df\ulns sfo{ jf k"hfcfhfdf bf]xf]f] afx'gIf]qLsf
dnfddf Psf]xf]f] ahfOg] afhf . @= cf}n F fsf 6'Kkfdf x'g] Psflt au] uPh:tf] cfs[lts
f] ]vfTds lrg' . #= ;o ksf] ;\Vof jf u0fgf . $= sa]sf gf} lglwdWo] Ps . %= lji0f'ff
sf] Ps fIf; z+vf;' . ~ rqm gf) != cfFn } fsf 6'Kkfdf x'g] z\v jf kf\u|fh:tf] ]vfTds
g . @= k'f0fcg';f lji0f'sf] afhf . ~ k'liksf gf) ;]tf] ckflhtf l;GsfpnL . @= h'xL .
fb ljz]if pknIosf cj;df fhbafdf z\v k'mSg] clwsfL . ljif gf) z\lvof ;\lvof . >
vsf] h:tf] Psfkl ;dtn k]sf] csf{kl ;fF3'lFb} r'lRrPsf] cfs[lt jf sg} nfdf] uf]nfsf
' . z\vfl:y gf) sGr6sf] xf8 . z\lvgL gf) [;+)] sfdzf:qsf cg';f rf k|sfsf :qLdWo] Ps
fnfDrf cfFvf x'g], 3fF6Ldf tLg ]vf ePsL sfdqmL8fdf l;nL tyf u'0fzLntfo'Qm ;'Gb :qL .
zrL gf) [;+)] OGb|sL kTgLsf] Ps gfd OGb|f0fL . z6f gf) [;+)] != nfdf], nf k]sf] skfn
h6f . @= l;+xsf] huN6f s]; . #= 3f]8fsf] ofn . $= j[Ifsf] hf . z7 lj) [;+)] != a'l4
gePsf] d"v{ :jfF7 . @= 5n ug]{ w"t{ sk6L . gf) #= d"v{ JolQm . tf gf) != d"v{tf :jf
rfn . @= 5nLkgf sk6fOF w"t{tf . z0f gf) [;+)] ;g . ~ ;"q gf) ;gkf6sf] wfuf] ;gkf6 . z
7 lj) [;+)] != xSs g aSssf] ns d"v{ . @= gk'+;s lxh8f . z08 gf) [;+)] != ;fF9] a}n .
gk'+;s . z09 gf) != cGtMk'sf :qLxsf] ]vb]vsf nflu x]sf] gk'+;s JolQm . @= gk'+;s . #
= ;fF9] a}n . zt gf) [;+)] != ;osf] ;\Vof jf uGtL ;o . lj) @= ;o ;\Vofsf] #= ;of}F .
> zts lj) != ;o ;\Vofsf] ;o . gf) @= ;o jif{sf] ;do ztfAbL ;bL . #= Ps} ljifosf ;o Zn
f]ssf] ;d"x (h:t} gLltzts, j}fUozts, z[\ufzts cflb) . ztgL gf) != kTydf kmnfdsf sLnf
8] agfOPsf] Ps} rf]l6 ;os8f}F JolQmnfO{ dfg{ k|of]u ulg] Ps k|frLg c:q . @= tf]k,
aGb's cflb c:q . r08L gf) != gjflqdf ;o cfj[lQ ;KtztL kf7 ug]{ jf ufpg] lqmof . @=
rf}k} l;fpg] vfnsL cfOdfO{ ss{zf jf qmf]wL :qL . bn gf) != ;oj6f kq x'g] sdnk"mn
1182

sdn k . lj) @= ;oj6f kq x'g] . wf lqm) lj) != ;o lsl;dn] . lj) @= ;o u'gf . kqL gf)
!= ;okqL . lj) @= k"mndf ;o jf w]} kq x'g] . ztky lj) [;+)] != w]} dfu{ jf zfvf ePs
f] . @= of1jNSo stf{ dflgg] oh'j]{bsf] Ps a|fXd0f . ~ a|fXd0f gf) ;f]xL ztky gfd
u]sf] a|fXd0f v08 . > ztklys lj) != ztky a|fXd0fsf] cg'ofoL jf 1ftf . @= w]} dt dfG
g] . ztleiff gf) [;+)] ;QfO; gIfqdWo] rf}aL;f}F gIfq . zt/Ghf gf)x]) ;t/Ghf . > zt
/GhL gf) ;t/GhL . zt?b|L gf) ;o a|fXd0fff P3f cfj[lQsf bn] Ps lbgdf ulg] ?b|fleif]s
i7fg . ztjflif{s lj) [;+)] ;o jif{df x'g,] ulg] jf ;lsg] ;o jif{sf] cjlw k"f ePsf] .
> ztjflif{sL lj) != ztjflif{s . @= ;o jif{df x'g] jf dgfOg] (pT;j, h:tf] df]tLfd z
tjflif{sL kxndfgl;+x :jfF ztjflif{sL cflb) . ztzM lqm) lj) [;+)] != ;os8f}F ;of}F .
@= ;of}F lsl;dn] . ztf+z gf) [;+)] != Ps efusf] ;o v08sf] Ps v08 ;of}F efu . @= kDkf
cg';f clh{t wgsf] ;o efusf] Ps efu bfg ug'k { g]{ kldf0f . > ztf+zs gf) k'gfj[lQsf]
;Dk"0f{ of]unfO{ afaL ;o efudf vl08t kfg]{ dfg . ztf\s gf) [;+)] ;osf cfwfdf sf] sg :
fgdf k5{ egL ulg] lx;fa . ztfAb gf) [;+)] ztfAbL . > ztfAbL gf) ;o jif{sf] ;do jf c
jlw zts ;bL . ztfo' lj) [;+)] ;o jif{;Ddsf] cfo' ePsf] w]} jif{ afFRg] . ztfjwfg gf)
;+)] != ;of}F jf w]} sfdsf Ps} k6s jf l56f]l56f] ;f]Rg;'Gg ;Sg] zlQm . lj) @= To:tf
] zlQm ePsf] (JolQm) . > ztfjwfgL lj) ztfjwfg . ztfjL gf) [;+)] ;'ksf h:tf kft clg
;]tf k"mn ftf uf]n kmn x'g,] 7"nf] ;fgf] b'O{ k|sfsf] e]b ePsf], :jf:Yosf lglDt lx
ts dflgg] tyf tsfL vfOg] Ps hftsf] ntf slnf] . ztL gf) [;+)] != ;oj6f j:t' jf Znf]ss
;d"x (h:tf] ;KtztL) . @= zts ztfAbL . zq' gf) [;+)] sYo) ;Q' . rsf]{ j}dg:o jf ljf]w
Psf] JolQm cyjf kIf b':dg j}L lk' . tf gf) j}efj b':dgL . zlg gf) [;+)] != kmlnt
cg';f cz'e tyf clgi6sfs dflgg] Ps u|x gju|xdWo] ;ftf}F u|x zg}Zr . @= ;ftfsf] cflvL l
g ;G;af . ~ b[li6 gf) zlgZrsf] h:tf] cd\un ug]{ b[li6 sbl[ i6 . ~ k|bf]if gf) z'Sn
qof]bzLsf lbg zlgjf kbf{ j|t a;] ulg] lzjsf] ;fo\sfnLg k"hf . jf gf) ;ftfsf] clGtd
jf

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1183

zlgZrzdz] 5) . e]b gf) WjGofTds, JoQmj0ff{Tds cg's0ffTds kaf6 x'g] zAbsf tLg e]b
L lj) gb]lvg] jf cFWoff] 7fpFaf6 cfPsf] zAbsf edf g} lg;fgf nufpg] (af0f jf JolQm)
. ~ of]hgf gf) != sg} jfSo jf rgfdf plrt zAb fVg] jf k|of]u ug]{ sfd . @= To;L flvPsf
zAbxsf] qmd . ~ ljBf gf) zAbsf] pTklQ, k, ;+rgf, e]b cflbsf] 1fg ufpg] ljBf zAbzf:q .
j]wL lj) zAbe]bL . ~ Zn]if gf) b'O{ jf w]} rdTsfk"0f{ cy{ lbg] uL sg} 7fpFdf Pp6} zAb
k|o'Qm x'g] sfd . ~ zf:q gf) zAbljBf Jofs0f . ~ z'l4 gf) zAbsf] z'4tf . ~ ;fwg gf) zA
bxsf] Jo'TklQ, e]b, kfGt cflb b]vfOg] Jofs0fsf] c\u jf efu . > zAbfIf gf) k|0fj .
a gf) ;fdfGo sf k|s6 ubf{ klg ck|rlnt tyf sl7g zAb nfdfnfdf jfSox k|of]u ulg] sfd j
fFrf zAbhfn Ps k|sfsf] pbfQljf]wL tj . zAbftLt lj) zAbff e]6\g jf eGg g;lsg] j0f{g
zAbfg'zf;g gf) zAbsf] z'l4, cy{, e]b cflbsf] 1fg ufpg] zf:q Jofs0f . zAbfGjo gf) jfSo
df k|o'Qm zAbsf jrg, ln\u, sfn cflbsf] e]b 5'\ofpg] cGo zAbsf ;fy x]sf] ;DaGw b]vfp
g] sfd . zAbfy{ gf) != zAb To;sf] cy{ . @= zAbsf] k|rlnt tyf ;fdfGo cy{ . ~ tj gf)
zAbfy{sf] d"n clek|fo jf nIf0f . ~ tfljs lj) zAbfy{tj;DaGwL . zAbfn\sf gf) [;+)] ;flx
odf zAbfn\sf cyf{n\sf b'O{ e]bdWo] Ps zAb jf j0f{gsf] rdTsfsf] k|wfgtf ePsf] To;}
fw'o{ pTkGg x'g] cn\sf (odsf, cg'k|f; cflb) . zAbfjnL gf) [;+)] != sg} efiff jf af]n
Ldf k|o'Qm x'g] vf;vf; ljifo jf sfo{l;t ;DalGwt zAbxsf] ;"rL . @= sg} jfSorgf cflbd
f k|of]u ePsf zAbxsf] k|sf tyf qmd . zAbfl>t lj) [;+)] zAbdf cfl>t x'g] jf c8\g] .
lgkft gf) sg} zAbdf cfl>t eP dfq k|o'Qm cy{jfg\ x'g] lgkft (t, g, lg, g}, kf] cflb)
. zd gf) [;+)] != dfgl;s l:ytf jf cfgGb zflGt . @= dg zfGt kfg]{ sfd OlGb|o tyf cGt
Ms0fsf] ;+od . #= zfGt;sf] :yfoL efj . $= dfkm lbg] sfd Ifdf . tf gf) zd x'gfsf] efj
, u'0f jf wd{ . zdg gf) [;+)] != sg} afwf, ljsf, pkw|f] cflbnfO{ zfGt kfg]{ sfd zflG
t . @= odfh . #= sg} sfsf] cGTo ;dflKt . > zdgL gf) ft flq . zdgLo lj) zdg ug{ ;l
g] . zdz] gf) x]) ;d;]/ .

jf . jf; gf) zlgjf . zlgZr gf) [;+)] != zlg u|x . @= zlgjf . > zlgZr] lj) != cd
5'sL . @= zlgZrsf] . zg}M lqm) lj) [;+)] != la:tf} ;':tL . zg}Zr gf) [;+)] != zlgZr
) @= dGb ultn] jf la:tf} lxF8\g] . jf gf) zlgjf ;G;af . zGtg' gf) [;+)] rGb|j+zL
yf dxfeftk|l;4 eLidsf lktf . zky gf) [;+)] != sg} sfdsf] xf]xf]Og jf ug] { gug]{ eGg
jifodf af]lng] jrg wd{esfO lslof k|lt1f . @= ;+ljwfgcg';f sg} pRr kbef u|x0f ubf{ ul
|lt1f . ~ u|x0f gf) ;+j}wflgs kdf tyf lgodk"j{s sg} pRrkb:y JolQm jf lgjf{lrt k|ltl
glwn] cfgf] kbk|lt OdfGbf xL ;]jf ug{ jrga4 x'g] tyf k|lt1f ug]{ sfd . ~ kq gf) ;Dal
Gwt :yfgdf cfgf] sf ;fFrf] xf] egL k|:t't ug{sf lglDt zky ulPsf sf n]lvPsf] kq k|lt1
. > zklysf gf) zkykq . zKt lj) [;+)] != ;fk lbOPsf] ;fk]sf] zflkt . gf) @= ;fk lbOP
JolQm . zkmzkmL gf) [;+)] Ps k|sfsf] ;fgf] 6Nsg] df5f] c;nf df5f] . za gf) [;+)] P
rLg h\unL hflt leNn . > zaL gf) != fdsL cgGo eQm Ps lelNngLsf] gfd . @= lelNngL . zan
lj) [;+)] ldl>t ePsf] \uLla\uL l5la] . zAb gf) [;+)] != cg'et " ljifoj:t'nfO{ J
f{Tds jf WjGofTds Wjlg cfjfh . @= j0f{ jf j0f{;d"xaf6 ag]sf] sg} cy{ a'emfpg] Wjlg
;fy{s kb nah . sf]z gf) sg} efiffsf zAbxsf] j0f{qmdcg';f zAb ;\sng uL Jofs0ffTds
flb v'nfP pxL jf cGo efiffdf cy{, kof{o, ljz]iftf cflb n]lvPsf] u|Gy clewfg . sf]i
f gf) zAbsf]z . lrq gf) != ;flxTodf s0f{dw' jf rdTsf pTkGg ug]{ zAb k|of]u x'g] ods,
cg'k|f; cflb zAbfn\sf . @= cIfxsf] vfOff sg} hLj jf j:t'sf] j0f{glrq tof kflg] ;
f (v8\u, d'v cflb aGw) . #= k|ToIf b]v]em}F uL sg} JolQm, j:t' jf 36gfsf] j0f{g ulg
] ;flxlTos n]vg jf z}nL . hfn gf) zAbsf] yf]kyfk zAbf8Da . ~ k|df0f gf) s;}n] eg]sf
f n]v]sf] zAbsf cfwfdf c8]sf] jf lnOPsf] k|df0f . ~ a|Xd gf) != zAbdf lglxt jf zAbk
df ljBdfg a|Xd cfTdf jf kdfTdf;DaGwL cfWoflTds 1fg . (zAb g} a|Xd xf], ;[li6 xf] T
oxL g} a|Xdsf kdf lgTo lxxG5 eGg] a|XdjfbLxsf] l;4fGt

c:\Sabdkosh\'Sha'.p65

zldtzj{L zldt lj) [;+)] != zdg ulPsf] jf ePsf] zfGt . @= bafOPsf] bldt . zdL gf) [;+
6'Kkf] tLvf] gePsf lrNnf xlof kft x'g], ljjfx cflb sfo{df tyf o1sf lglDt xfFuflaF
uf c0fL agfP cfuf] lgsfNg k|of]u ulg] Ps hftsf] v jf To;}sf] sf7 . zDkf gf) [;+)] !=
cf]vndf lxsf{pFbf cfuf] lgsfNg] efF8f] (o;f] ubf{ fIf;x efU5g\ eGg] ls+jbGtL 5). @
= lah'nL . zDan gf) [;+)] != af6f]vr{ ;fdn . @= ;d'b|L lsgf t6 . #= hNg] sfd 8fx O{io
{ . zDa"s gf) [;+)] != 3'FuL sLf] . @= z\v . #= cfgf hfltsf lglDt jlh{t ;fwgf u]sf] s
f0fdf fdff dflPsf], fdfo0fsf] Ps z"b| tk:jL . #= xfQLsf] ;'F8sf] cluNnf] efu . zDe'
[;+)] != lzjhL dxfb]j . @= l;4 k'?if . zog gf) [;+)] != ;'Tg] sfd kN6fO n]6fO . @=
;'Tg] ;fwg (vf6, kn, cf]5fg, u'G6f cflb) . ~ sIf gf) ;'Tg] 7fpF jf sf]7f zogfuf . ~ u
[x gf) ;'Tg] 3 zogfuf . ~ y}nf] gf) leqkl zL 3';fO{ ;'Tg] vf]nsf cfsfsf] la5f}gf
u) . > zogfuf gf) zogu[x zogsIf . zof gf) [;+)] ;'Tg] tyf cf]5fpg] ;fwg (cf]5fg, vf6
n cflb) . ~ bfg gf) d]sf P3ff}F lbgdf jf k'f0f cflb d\unsfo{sf] ;f\u] x'g] lbgdf a|f
f jf k'f]lxtnfO{ lbOg] j:q, efF8fsF8f, la5f}gf vfB j:t';lxtsf] bfg . z gf) [;+)] !=
f0f, snd cflb agfpg pkof]u x'g] lgufnf], dfln\uf] cflbsf] 8fF7 . @= af0f, sfF8, t
L cflb . #= g]tL a]lg] kf]f nfOPsf] dwfgLsf] ;f]7f] . $= lgufnfsf 6'Kkfdf tLvf] ;'Of
] jf ln;f] xfn] rf ;dfpg] jf dfg]{ c\s;] . zRrGb| gf) [;+)] zTsfndf b]lvg] :jR5 rGb|
. (pbf) zRrGb|sf] d0fLo ftdf emgf cem ;'Gb b]lvG5) . > zRrlGb|sf gf) zTsfndf nfUg]
"g zb\Ct'df b]lvg] rGb|dfsf] :jR5 ls0f . z0f gf) [;+)] != sl7g jf b'Mvb cj:yfdf s;}af
6 lIft x'g] tyf s;}sf] cfwf lng kfpg] sfd cf8 lnP ulg] Iff cf>o (pbf) d]f] cfh z0
g bof cfof] p sfu\df klg . efg'eQmLo fdfo0f . z0fsf] d0f ug'{x'Fb}g . pvfg) . @= s;
}sf] k5fl8 nfUg] sfd lk5f cfTd;dk{0f . > z0ffut lj) z0fdf cfPsf] z0fdf k]sf] (pbf)
f] Iff u, k|e' ) . z0ffult gf) z0f kg]{ sfd .
1184

z0ffyL{ lj) [;+)] != z0f rfxg] jf dfUg] cf>osf] OR5f ug]{ . gf) @= kll:yltjz cfgf] hG
e"ld jf b]z 5f8] csf]{ 7fpF jf b]zdf uO{ cf>o lng] cyjf a;f]af; ug{ rfxg] JolQm .
~ a:tL gf) z0ffyL{x cfP gofF cfjfbL jf 3hd uL a;]sf] 7fpF . ~ lzlj gf) z0ffyL{xs
a;f]af; ePsf] :yfg . z0o lj) [;+)] != cf>o lbg'kg]{ z0f lbg of]Uo . @= z0fdf lng] I
. zt\ gf) [;+)] zb\ . ~ sfn gf) zb\ Ct'sf] ;do . zb\ gf) [;+)] 5 Ct'dWo] rf}yf] Ct'
{kl5sf] Ct' c;f]h sflQs dlxgfdf kg]{ Ct' . zk'v \ f gf) [;+)] 6'Kkftkm{ dl;gf kmfs k
t x'g,] KofhL sf k"mn k'mNg] Ps hftsf] af]6 To;}sf] nfdf]nfdf] sf];f] jf kmn . ze gf
) [;+)] lxdfndf x'g] l;+xeGbf klg alnof] dflgPsf], w]} dfly pk|mg ;Sg], k'f0fk|l;4
cf7v'] kz' . zd gf) [kmf) zd{] x]) ;/d . zfj gf) [;+)] k|foM sg} kbfy{ vfg jf lkpg k
of]u ulg] df6fsf] efF8f] df6fsf] kfnf . zf;g gf) [;+ ) ] != wg' sdfg . @= af0f fVg]
f]qmf] . zL gf) [;+)] != xf8, df;', ut cflbn] o'Qm k|f0fLsf ;Dk"0f{ c\usf] ;d"x b]x
Lp sfo . @= sg} klg j:t'sf ;a} c\un] o'Qm kfly{j k . wfL lj) zL wf0f ug]{ b]xwf
x]) c\uIfs a8Luf8{ . ~ lj1fg gf) zLsf c\uxsf] agf]6 tyf ltgsf sfo{snfksf] ljj]rgf u
lj1fg zLzf:q . ~ zf:q gf) zLlj1fg . ~ ;+:sf gf) != gfgf k|sfsf z'l4 ;+:sfsf cg'i7
'4 kljq kfg]{ sfd . @= ;f}Gbo{sf lglDt ulg] zLsf] ;kmfO, z[\uf cflb sfd . > zLL l
f] zL wf0f ug]{ (k|f0fL, hLj cflb) . zs{f gf) [;+)] != ;v, v'bf] lrgL . @= afn'jfsf
anf}6] hldg . #= sg} klg ;fx|f] 6'qmf] jf s0f (s\s6, u]u, cl;gf O)) . zdf{ gf) [;+)]
!= a|fXd0fxsf gfdsf] k5fl8 xg] Ps pkflw (h:tf] lji0f' zdf{, afnrGb| zdf{ O)) . @=
k|;Ggtf cfgGb v';L . #= cfzLjf{b . $= cfwf 3 (k|foM j}lbs cy{df) . zld{i7f gf) [;+)]
xfeftk|l;4 bfgjfh j[ifkjf{sL k'qL tyf rGb|j+zL fhf oofltsL sfG5L fgL . zj{L gf) [;+)]
!= flq ft . @= ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps . #= xn]bf] .

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1185

znezfSt u'Kt]lGb|odf pld|Psf f}F . z:q gf) [;+)] xftdf lnP g} sf6\g] dfg]{ cflbsfd u
lg] xltof (v's L, taf, v'8 F f cflb) . ~ u[x gf) z:qfuf l;nvfgf . ~ lrlsT;f gf)
f . hLjL gf) != xftxltof rnfpg] sfd u] hLljsf ug]{ JolQm ;}lgs . lj) @= z:q rnfP hL
f ug]{ . wfL lj) != xltof lnP jf le] lxF8\g] z:q lnPsf] . gf) @= ;}lgs of]4f .
} xltof xftdf glng] k|lt1f jf j|t z:qsf] Tofu . ~ ljBf gf) z:q jf xftxltof rnfpg] lj
Bf wg'lj{wf . > z:qfuf gf) xftxltof fVg] 7fpF jf 3 z:qu[x l;nvfgf . z:qf:q gf) xft
lxsfO{g] v'sL, taf cflb ofFFs] k|xf ulg] af0f, efnf, aGb's cflb xltof z:q c:q
+)] z:qn] ;';lHht xltof le]sf] z:qwfL . s0f gf) sg} fi6 jf fi6sf u'6xn] ;Dk"
lge{ ufpg] sfd . z:o gf) [;+)] != ev{ pd|]sf] jf slnnf] 3fF; . @= v]tLkftLsf] pkh a
fnL cGg wfGo . lj) #= ;x|fpg'kg]{ k|z; + gLo . zxLb gf) [c)] x]) ;lxb . zfs gf) [;+)]
!= tsfL vfOg] xlof] kft, 8fF7 cflb ;fu . @= fd|f] sf7 x'g] Ps hftsf] v . Lk gf)
jl0f{t k|l;4 ;ft LkdWo] Ps . zfsfxf gf) [;+)] ;fukft, kmnk"mn, b"wbxL, cGg cflb dfq
sf] vjfO df5fdf;' cflb gePsf] ef]hg . > zfsfxfL lj) ;fukft, kmnk"mn, b"wbxL cflb ;f
ljs ef]hg dfq ug]{ df5fdf;' cflb gvfg] . zflsgL gf) [;+)] != zfs jf ;fukftsf] v]tL
jf ;f] v]tL ug]{ hldg . @= lkzflrgL jf b]jL 7flgg], b'uf{sL Ps ;]ljsf . #= 8fOgL
af]S;L . zfs'lgs lj) [;+)] != rfr'?\uL dfg]{ jf ;dft] a]Rg] k];f ePsf] (JolQm) . @=
zsg jf u|xultsf] z'efz'e kmn atfpg] (JolQm) . zfs'Gtn lj) [;+)] != zsGtnf;DaGwL zsGtn
fsf] . gf) @= zsGtnfsf ue{af6 pTkGg ePsf fhf et . #= zsGtnf b'ioGt;DaGwL syf ePsf] o
;} gfpFsf] sfJos[lt (;+:s[tdf sflnbf;ff lrt cle1fgzfsGtn gf6s, g]kfnLdf b]jsf]6fff
tn dxfsfJo cflb) . zfs] lj) [;+)] != zs;DaGwL zssf] zflnjfxgsf] . gf) @= zs;+jt\ . z
fSt lj) [;+)] != tflGqs ljlwcg';f k|foM lbJo zlQmsf :qLd"lt{ sfnL, b'uf{ cflbsf] z
lQmsf] pkf;gf ug]{ zlQmk"hs, (zlQmxsf kljq cyf{t\ blIf0ffrf ckljq cyf{t\

zne gf) [;+)] != ufOg]sLfh:tf] ayflgP p8\g] Ps hftsf] sLf] ;nx . @= km6f\u|f] . znfs
) [;+)] != sf7, afF;, wft' cflbsf] 6'qmf 8G8L jf 5]:sf] . @= eg]{ jf cfFvfdf ufhn
nfpg] k]lG;n . #= gnLv'fsf] xf8 . $= b'D;L . %= ;nfO{ . %= 5ftfsf] s . zNo gf) [;+)]
!= lrkmf ug]{ xltof (s}FrL, 5'f, ;'Of], :ofFuL cflb) . @= s06s sfF8f] . #= af0f tL
lag] b'MvbfoL sf] . %= xf8 cl:y . ^= db| b]zsf dxfeftsfnLg fhfsf] gfd . lqmof gf)
zfLls pkrf uL 7Ls kfg]{ sfd zNolrlsT;f . ~ lrlsT;s gf) lrkmfsf k4ltn] sfd ug]{ 8fS6
B . ~ lrlsT;f gf) lrkmfsf k4ltn] ulg] f]usf] pkrf jf lrlsT;f zNosd{ . ~ lj1fg gf) z
f 3fpvl6f jf b"lift c\usf] lrlsT;fsf lglDt lrkmf ug]{ k4lt atfpg] lj1fg zNozf:q . ~ z
f:q gf) zNolj1fg . > zNof]krf gf) lrkmfff ulg] pkrf jf lrlsT;f . zj gf) [;+)] d[t
l;g' (kz'sf]) . sk{6 gf) sfqf] . ~ kLIff gf) d[To'sf] sf0f yfxf kfpgsf nflu nf; hfFR
g] sfd kf]:6df6{d . ~ ofqf gf) aGw'afGwjx ldn] d[tsnfO{ hnfpg], uf8\g] cflb clGtd ;+
:sfsf lglDt 3f6 jf lrxfgdf n}hfg] sfd . ~ ofqL gf) zjofqfdf ;lDdlnt x'g] JolQm dnfd
L . ~ ofg gf) d'bf{nfO{ ;+:sf ug{ n}hfFbf fVg] v6 3ff] . zz gf) [;+)] != vfof] rf}3
@= sfdzf:qcg';f rf lsl;dsf k'?ifdWo] dw'efifL, ;TojQmf, ;'zLn u'0fu|fxL JolQm . > z
zs gf) vfof] rf}38f zz . w gf) rGb|df . z[u \ gf) jf:tljs ;+;fdf gx'g,] vfof
Dej jf sfNklgs sf] ekTof ug{ g;lsg] sf . zzf\s gf) [;+)] rGb|df zzL . z]v gf)
z gf) [;+)] zzL . snf gf) != rGb|dfsf] ;f]x| snf . @= r0f}lkR5] rf gu0f Ps ;u0f x'g
j0f{j[Q . sfGt gf) != rGb|sfGtdl0f . @= sdn sd'b . w gf) != rGb|df @= lzj . k|e
rGb|sf] ls0f Hof]T:gf . ~ d08n gf) rGb|dfsf] d08n jf 3]f rGb|d08n . d'v gf) rGb|dfh
] ;'Gb cg'xf ePsf] jf ;fx|} fd|f] JolQm . d'vL gf) To:tf] cg'xf ePsL fd|L :qL . j
) != rGb|dfh:tf] pHofnf] d'v ePsL zlzd'vL . gf) @= x]s r0fdf gu0f ou0f x'g] Ps jfl0
f{s 5Gb . z]v gf) lzj dxfb]j . zzL gf) [;+)] rGb|df OGb' . zik gf) [;+)] != ev{} p
] 3fF; slnnf] t[0f . @=

c:\Sabdkosh\'Sha'.p65

zfSozflGt jfdfrf b'O{ lsl;dsf cg'i7fgljlw x'G5g\) . @= zlQm;DaGwL b}jL zlQmsf] . gf

) #= sfnL, b'uf{ cflb b}jL zlQmsf] pkf;gf ug]{ JolQm zlQmsf] pkf;s jfddfuL{ . > zf
Stfud gf) b}jL zlQm;DaGwL sf n]lvPsf] zf:q tGqzf:q . zfSo gf) [;+)] != zlQmzfnL tyf ;
Eo kdf x]sf] klZrd g]kfn, kxf8, db]; ;a}lt lkmFhflPsf] Ps k|frLg Iflqo hflt uf}td a'
sf] sn jf j+z . @= uf}td a'4 . #= af} 4 wdf{ j nDaL g] j fhfltsf] Ps ju{ afF 8 f .
leIf'leIf's gf) != af}4 ;GGof;L . @= af}4 wd{ dfGg] Ps ju{ afF8f . zfvf gf) [;+)] !
= d"n km]baf6 dfly uP kmf6]sf] vsf] ;fgf] c\u xfFuf] . @= sg} klg d"n efu jf j:t'af6
lg:s]sf] c\u jf cjoj ljefu . #= sg} ;+:yf, sfof{no cflbcGtu{tsf] ;'la:tfsf lglDt 6f
9f x]sf] ;\u7g jf c\u . $= j]bsf ;+lxtfsf] kf7 tyf qmde]b . %= sg} bz{gzf:q cflbsf]
csf]{ e]b ;Dk|bfo . ^= sg} ljifo jf l;4fGtl;t ;Da4 Ps} ljrf jf d"nsf dflg;xsf] ju{ j
f ;d"x . &= 5f]fklsf] j+zfjnL tyf 5f]fklsf ;Gtfgsf] nxf] . ~ clws[t gf) fhkqf\lst t
>]0fLsf] sd{rfL zfvfsf] k|d'v . ~ k|zfvf gf) != 7"nf] zfvf ;fgf] zfvf zfvfsf] klg zf
vf . @= klxn] lg:s]sf c\usf] klg ;fgf]ltgf] c\u jf pkf\u xfFuflaFuf . ~ dfu{ gf) d"n
dfu{af6 5'lP uPsf] jf d"n dfu{ cfO{ hf]l8g] csf]{ dfu{ ;fgf] jf 58\s] af6f] . d[u gf
) zfvfjfg . jfg gf) vsf xfFufdf em'lG8P lgjf{x ug]{, k'R5 gePsf] jfg zfvfjfgfg'u
{ jfg . jfgfg'u0f gf) vsf xfFufdf em'lG8P a:g] Ps k|sfsf] jfgsf] ;fd"lxs gfd zfvf
;t ldNg] hftsf] jfgsf] ;d"x . ~ Joj;fo gf) d"n Joj;foafx]ssf] csf]{ ;fgf] Joj;fo j
f sfd . > zfvL lj) != zfvf ePsf] xfFuf ePsf] . @= zfvfl;t ;DaGw fVg] (j]bsf]) . gf)
#= v . zfvf]Rrf zfvf]Rrf0f gf) ljjfxsf ;dodf ;DalGwt k'f]lxtxn] jjw"sf j+zsf] gfd,
, k|j cflb eGg] sfd . zf\s lj) [;+)] != z\s;DaGwL z\ssf] . @= z\sfrfo{n] agfPsf]
L . zf6 gf) [;+)] != sk8fsf] 6'qmf] @= sddf afFw] klxlg] j:q (wf]tL cflb) . > zf6L gf
) ;fL kmlof u'lgpF . zf7 gf) [;+)] z7 x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf z7tf :jfF7 rfn 5]nkg .
[;+)] xltof pWofpg] 9'\ufsf] rSsf ;fg . > zfl0ft lj) ;fFw nufOPsf] wf lgsflnPsf] . zf
08No gf) [;+)] elQmzf:qsf lgdf{tf tyf uf]qk|jt{s Ps Clif . uf]q gf) zfl08No Clifsf
] gfdn] rn]sf]
1186

pgsf] sn jf j+zj[If sfn], dxt cflb y x'g]xsf] uf]q . zfg! gf) [;+) zf0f] xltof pWofp
9'u \ f] zf0f ;fg ;fFw . zfg@ gf) [c)] x]) ;fg . zfGt lj) [;+)] != sg} k|sfsf] l;
'Mv cflb dgf]ljsf gePsf] lzi6 ;f}Do k|s[ltsf] zflGto'Qm ;'zLn ljgd| . @= ult jf j]u
gePsf] lgZrn . #= sg} pkw|f], ljgafwf, xNnf cflb gePsf] lgMzAb df}g . $= dflg; cflb g
ePsf] ;'g;fg lgh{g . %= zdg ePsf] lge]sf] . ^= k|f0fkv]? p8]sf] d]sf] d[t . &= k|;Gg
f ;Gt'i6 kflPsf] w}o{ ePsf] . dgf lj) zfGt dg ePsf] gtfTg] jf gcflQg] :jefjsf] . ~ ;
f) sfJosf gj;dWo] ;f+;fls b'Mv, lg:;ftf cflbsf] 1fg jf kdfTdfsf] :jk cfnDag j}fUo :
L efj ePsf] Ps ; . > zfGtf gf) Cioz[\u d'lg;Fu ljjfx ePsL, fhf bzysL k'qL tyf nf]dkfb
ClifsL wd{k'qL . zflGt gf) [;+)] != ;'vb'Mv, xif{lj:dft\, l;]if cflb dgf]efjgfn] g
layf]lnPsf] dfgl;s l:ylt zfGt jf l:y cj:yf . @= ljb|f]x, xf]xNnf, vnanL, 8fsf] cflb
gePsf] cj:yf . #= ef]sltvf{, >dtfk, 3fdkfgL cflbsf] zdg . $= u|xxsf] afwf tyf cz
'e kmn, bf]if cflbsf] lgj[lQ ug]{ sg} df\ulns sfo{ . %= dgdf sg} b'MvkL cflb gx'g] a
fwflxt cj:yf cffd r}g . ^= ;f+;fls ljifoef]uk|ltsf] ljlQm jf pbf;Lgtf . &= ;xg] sfd
{ ;fGTjgf . > zflGts lj) != zflGt ug]{ jf zflGt lbg] zflGts . @= zflGt;DaGwL . gf) #
= zflGtsd{ zflGt:jl:t . s lj) != zflGt ug]{ zflGtsfL . gf) @= dgdf x'g] jf ePsf] lrG
f, cfsntf, tgfj cflb 36fpg ulg] cf}ifwL . ~ sd{ gf) clgi6, afwf cflbsf] zflGt jf lg
jf0fsf nflu ulg] k"hfkf7 zflGt:jl:t . sfL lj) zflGts . ~ If]q gf) o'4 jf sg} k|sf
blxt sg} If]q, b]z tyf b]zxsf] ;d"x jf lglZrt e"efu (sg} If]q jf e"efunfO{ o'4, ljjf
b jf em}emu8faf6 cnu fvL zflGtk"0f{ jftfj0fdf ljsf;kylt nDsfpg] p2]Zon] zflGtIf]q 3
f]lift ug]{ k|:tfj Pj+ e"dWo;fuLo If]q, lxGb dxf;fu, blIf0fk"j{ Pl;ofnL b]zxsf] ;\u7
gsf] If]qnfO{ zflGtIf]q 3f]lift ug{ flvPsf k|:tfj) . bftf lj) zflGt lbg] (JolQm) .
~ bfos lj) zflGt lbg] zflGtk|b . ~ b"t gf) zflGtjftf{ ug{sf lglDt jf zflGtsf] k|:t
fj lnP csf]{ b]z, k|ltkIfL ;d"x cflbdf hfg] b"t . ~ kj{ gf) o'lwli7sf] lrQzflGtsf l
glDt elgPsf w]} syf, pkb]z tyf 1fgsf] rrf{ ePsf], dxfeftsf] afx|f}F kj{ . ~ kf7 gf)
sg} df\ulns sfo{

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1187

zflGtk"0f{zfnfSo pTkGg . #= zDe'sf] eQm jf pkf;s . > zfDejL gf) != dxfb]jsL zlQm kf
j{tL b'uf{ . @= gLnf] 5fF6sf] b"af] gLnb"jf{ . zfob lqm) lj) [kmf)] x]) ;fob . zfo gf
) [c) zfO] x]) ;fo . > zfoL gf) ;foL . zfoL lj) [;+)] zog ug]{ lgbfpg] ;'Tg] jf kN6
(h:tf] wfzfoL, z]ifzfoL cflb) . zf\u gf) [;+)] x]) ;f\u . > zf\uL gf) ;f\uL afh
+)] != ljBfsL clwi7fqL b]jL ;:jtL . @= Ps lsl;dsf] jL0ff jf ;f\uL . #= b]jLsf] Ps gf
d b'uf{ . ~ lnlk gf) b;f}F ztfAbLdf a|fXdLsf] kfGt sl6n lnlkaf6 ljsl;t eO{ sfZdL kG
lt rn]sf] Ps lnlk . > zfbL lj) != zTsfn;DaGwL zb\ Ct'sf] . gf) sflQs z'Sn k"l0f{df z
t'sf] k"l0f{df . zfbLo lj) [;+)] zb\ Ct'df kg]{ zTsfnsf] zb\ Ct';DaGwL . ~ gjfq gf
gsf] z'Sn kIfdf kg]{ gjfq . ~ dxfk"hf gf) zTsfndf x'g] b'uf{sf] ljz]if k"hf gjflqsf]
b'uf{k"hf . zflsf gf) [;+)] != d}gf kIfL . @= ;ff}F rf] . #= a]nf, ;f\uL cflb ahfOg]
g'sf cfsfsf] ;fwg uhf] . $= a'l4rfn, kf;f cflb v]ndf ysL{df rflng] uf]6L . zfLls lj)
[;+)] != zL;Fu ;DaGw fVg] zLsf] sflos . @= zLaf6 pTkGg b]xh . zfs{ gf) [c\)] x]
lj) [;+)] != z[\u jf l;;DaGwL l;af6 ag]sf] . @= wg'ifn] ;';lHht . gf) #= l;sf] xltof
. $= lji0f'sf] wg' . w gf) != lji0f' . @= j}Bs u|Gy Rg] Ps k|l;4 j}B . wfL gf) lji
. zfb"n { gf) [;+)] != af3, l;+x, lrt'jf cflb lx+;|s hGt' . @= cu|0fL jf >]i7 k
'?if (h:tf] gzfb"{n) . ljqmLl8t gf) k|To]s kfpdf pGgfO; cIf x'g], du0f, ;u0f, hu0f,
;u0f, b'O{ tu0f u'? cIf ldn] aGg] ;ft tyf afx| cIfdf lj>fd x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . zf
j{L gf) [;+)] != ;f7L ;+jT;dWo] Ps ;+jT;sf] gfd . lj) @= flq;DaGwL ftsf] . #= cGwsf
] . zfn! gf) [c)] x]) ;fn . zfn@ gf) [;+)] ;fn (j[If) . w"k gf) ;fnw"k . zfnf gf) [;
+)] a:g] jf sfd ug]{ 7fpF jf;, 3, s6L, sf]7f] cflb (k|foM ;df;sf cGtdf k|of]u x'g],
h:t} sfo{zfnf, k|of]uzfnf, wd{zfnf, k0f{zfnf , kf7zfnf, gf6zfnf O)) . zfnfsL gf) [
;+)] lrkmf ug]{ j}B zNolrlsT;s . zfnfSo gf) [;+)] 6fpsfsf] dfq lrlsT;fsf] Joj:yf ePs
f]

yfNbf ljgafwf x6fpgsf nflu cfDedf ulg] wfld{s kf7 . zflGtk"0f{ lj) [;+)] zflGt 5fPsf
] zflGt ePsf] zflGtdo . F d}qL, ;xcl:tTj gf) zflGtk"0f{ jftfj0fdf Pscsf{;u ;b\efjgf
;dembfL fVg] tyf kf:kls ljjfb gNofO{ :jtGq kdf afFRg] fhgLlts l;4fGt . zflGtk|b l
+)] zflGt lbg] cfgGbbfoL zflGtbfos . zflGtlk|o lj) [;+)] zflGt dg kfpg] zflGtk|]dL .
zflGtk|]dL lj) [;+)] zflGt dg kfpg] zflGt rfxg] zflGtlk|o . zflGtdo lj) [;+)] ;a}lt z
lGt 5fPsf] zflGtn] elefp . zflGtjfb gf) [;+)] cfw'lgs fhgLltsf cg';f ;a} fi6n] ;}lg
msf] k|of]u tyf o'4sf] ljf]w ug]{ ;j{q zflGt :yflkt uL zflGtk"j{s xg] tyf cfk'm;sf
em}emu8fnfO{ klg zflGtk"js { ;dfwfg ug]{ jfb jf l;4fGt . > zflGtjfbL lj) != zflGt
jfbsf] ;dy{ s tyf cg' o foL . @= zflGtjfb;DaGwL zflGtjfbsf] . zflGt jftf{ gf) [;+)
] zflGt :yfkgf ug]{ p2]Zon] b'O{ jf b'Oe { Gbf a9L fi6xsf aLr x'g] cf}krfls jf cgf}k
rfls sfsfgL jf a}7s . zflGt ;lGw gf) [;+)] != k:kdf em}emu8f guL zflGtk"js { a:gsf l
t ulg] ;lGw . @= o'4t b]zxn] kf:kls zflGt ldqtf :yflkt ug{sf nflu ug]{ ;Demf}tf . zf
Gt ;Dd]ng gf) [;+)] ljZjdf jf sg} e"efudf zflGt :yflkt ug]{ p2]Zo lnO{ sg} hg;d"x,
;+:yf jf b]zxn] ug]{ ljz]if ;Dd]ng . zflGt ;]gf gf) [;+)] ljZjsf] sg} If]qdf x]sf] t
gfjk"0f{ l:ylt ;fDo uL zflGt sfod ug]{ p2]Zon] ;+o'Qm fi6;\3sf] tjfjwfgdf ljleGg t6:y
fi6xaf6 pQm If]qdf k7fOg] ;}Go . zflGt :jl:t gf) [;+)] sg} clgi6 jf u|xbf]if cflb x6
fpg sNof0fsf lglDt ulg] k"hfkf7, hk, tk, cg'i7fg cflb . zfk gf) [;+)] s;}sf] clgi6
lrtfO{ af]lng] jrg >fk ;fk . > zflkt lj) != zfk lbOPsf] ;flkPsf] @= zfkn] kLl8t . z
bs lj) [;+)] != zAbff JoQm ulPsf] jf elgPsf] df}lvs . @= zAb;DaGwL . zfAbL lj) [;+)]
Ab;DaGwL zflAbs . Jo~hgf gf) jfSodf k|of]u ulPsf zAbfy{df dfq ;Lldt xg] Jo~hgf . zfl
dofgf gf) [kmf)] x]) ;fldofgf ;ldofgf ;d]gf . zfDa gf) [;+)] hfDajtLsf ue{af6 k}bf e
Psf s[i0fsf 5f]fsf] gfd . zfDej lj) [;+)] != zDe';DaGwL lzjsf] . @= zDe'af6

c:\Sabdkosh\'Sha'.p65

zflnu|fdzf:qLotf cfo'j]{bLo zNolrlsT;fzf:qsf] Ps ljefu . tGq gf) zfnSosf kn] pkrf ul

ljlwljwfgsf] tGq jf l;4fGt . zflnu|fd gf) [;+)] sfnLu08sLdf kfOg] sfnf], lrNnf],
rqmlrXg ePsf], lji0f'sf kdf k"hf ulg] ljz]if k|sfsf] kTy . zflnwfGo gf) [;+)] ;fnLw
g df;L{wfg . zflngL gf) [;+)] != zflng\sf] :qLlnL k (h:tf] efUozflngL, zlQmzflngL cfl
b) . @= u[x:jfldgL u[lx0fL . #= Ps du0f, b'O{ tu0f b'O{ u'?af6 aGg], rf ;ft cIfdf c
8fg x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . zflnjfxg gf) [;+)] zs ;+jt\ rnfpg] k|l;4 zs cyjf v; fhf
. zflnxf]q gf) [;+)] 3f]8f jf cGo kz'xsf] lrlsT;f;DaGwL ljBf kz'lrlsT;fzf:q . > zfln
xf]qL gf) 3f]8f jf cGo kz'xsf] lrlsT;s kz'lrlsT;s . zfnL lj) [;+)] ;lxt o'Qm ;DkGg (k
foM ;df;sf] cGtdf, h:t} zlQmzfnL, efUozfnL, ;f}efUozfnL O)) . zfnLg lj) [;+)] != l
zi6tf tyf gd|tf ePsf] pQd cfrfljrfsf] . @= nhfpg] k|s[ltsf] nhfn' . #= sfddf kf]Vt sz
l;kfn' . tf gf) zfnLg x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf cj:yf ;f}Dotf . zfNdlnzfNdnL gf) [;+)] !=
l;dnsf] v . @= k'f0fdf jl0f{t k[YjLsf ;ft LkdWo] Ps . #= u?8k'f0fdf pNn]v ePsf PSsf
O; dxfgsdWo] Ps . zfj lj) [;+)] != zj;DaGwL (sg} gftfs6D ' asf]) d[To'ff pTkGg d[ts
DalGwt . gf) @= k|foM kz'kG5Lsf] aRrf] 5fpf] . > zfjs gf) sg} klg jGohGt'sf] aRrf] .
zfZjt lj) [;+)] != slxNo} klg gfz gx'g] ;w}e F l lxxg] lr:yfoL lgTo ;gftg lrGtg
]bJof; . #= :ju{ . $= lzj . %= ;"o{ . ^= cGtlIf . zf;s gf) [;+)] != fHosf] k|aGw ty
f ;~rfng ug]{ JolQm jf ;sf zf;g ug]{ JolQm zf;gstf{ . @= cwLg:y JolQmxnfO{ cg'zfl;t j
f lgolGqt ug]{ JolQm d'Vo xflsd . > zf;sLo lj) zf;s jf zf;g;DaGwL zf;ssf] sfd;Fu ;D
aGw fVg] . zf;g gf) [;+)] != ;sfn] ug]{ sg} b]zsf] k|aGw tyf ;~rfng;DaGwL sfd . @= cg
'zf;g jf dof{bf kfng ufpg] sfd cf1f cfb]z x'sd . #= OlGb|oxsf] ;+od jf lgoGq0f . $= s
s;'sf lglDt lbOg] b08 jf ;hfo . %= s;}nfO{ lbOg] lnlvt clwsf . ^= sg} zAbn] cfgf] g
lhsdf x]sf] zAbsf] k kljt{g ug{ ljjz ug]{ Jofsl0fs k|lqmof . stf{ gf) zf;g ug]{ zf;
~ tGq gf) zf;gk4lt zf;gk|0ffnL . ~ kq gf) fhfsf]
1188

cf1f n]lvPsf] tfd|kq lznfkq cflb . ~ k4lt gf) zf;g ug]{ ljlw jf tlsf zf;gk|0ffnL . ~
k|0ffnL gf) fHo;~rfng ug]{ k4lt zf;gk4lt . ~ Joj:yf gf) zf;g;DaGwL k|aGw fHo rnfpg]
Gbf]a:t . zf;gf gf) [;+) zf;g] s;}af6 x'g] jf ulg] ;f:tL 7"nf] si6 ;fx|f] kl>d . zf;g
flwsf gf) [;+)] zf;g ug]{ cyjf fHo rnfpg] clwsf . > zf;gflwsfL lj) zf;gflwsf kfPsf]
lQm) . zf;gf9 lj) [;+)] zf;gdf cfPsf] zf;g lnPsf] . zf;lgs lj) [;+)] zf;g;DaGwL zf;gs
f] zf;sLo . ljko{o gf) zf;gJoj:yfdf PsfPs ank"js { ulPsf] kljt{g anft\ ;Qfkx0f .
o lj) [;+)] != zf;g jf lgoGq0f ug{ plrt . @= ;hfo lbg'kg]{ b08gLo . zfl;t lj) [;+)]
!= zf;g ulPsf] fHo rnfOPsf] . @= lgodsfg'gcGtu{t flvPsf] . #= ;hfo lbOPsf] bl08t . z
:q gf) [;+)] != ;DalGwt uxg 1fgsf ;fy} ;j{;fwf0fsf] sNof0f tyf cg'zf;gsf lgodljwfg
n]lvPsf] jf ;dli6cWoogsf] ;l~rt e08f ePsf] ljz]if u|Gy (lzIff, sNk, Jofs0f, lg?Qm
, Hof]ltif, 5Gb, CUj]b, oh'jb {] , ;fdj]b, cfo'jb {] , wg'jb {] , uGwj{jb ] , cy
j{jb ] , dLdf+;f, Gofo, wd{zf:q, k'f0f cy{zf:q uL c7f k|sfsf) . @= sg} ljifo;DaGwL c
jZos tyf u"9 1ftJo sf qmdk"j{s n]lvPsf] u|Gy lj1fg . #= oyfy{ jf jf:tljs 1fg ljBf l;
fGtu|Gy . sf lj) zf:q, ljz]iftM wd{zf:qsf] rgf ug]{ . 1 lj) zf:qsf] 1ftf zf:q hfGg
bzL{ lj) zf:q1 . ljb\ lj) zf:qsf] 1ftf zf:q1 . ~ ljlxt lj) zf:qdf atfOPcg';fsf]
Ddt . ~ ;\ut lj) zf:qdf ldNg] zf:q;Ddt . ~ ;Ddt lj) zf:qsf] syg jf lgodlj?4 gePsf] zf
:qljlxt . l;4 lj) != zf:qff l;4 jf k|dfl0ft . @= zf:qljlxt . > zf:qfy{ gf) != zf:qsf
] lglb{i6 cy{ jf tfTko{ . @= zf:q;DaGwL tyf zf:qLo ljifodf ulg] 5nkmn jf ts{ljts{
. zf:qL lj) [;+)] != zf:qsf] 1ftf zf:q hfGg] jf zf:q1 . gf) @= zf:qdf kf\ut jf szn e
Psf] JolQm ljfg\ k'?if . #= ;+:s[tdf dWodfeGbf dflyNnf] cfrfo{eGbf tNnf] sIff :gfts
tx ;f] kLIff ptL0f{ x'Fbf lbOg] Ps pkflw . zf:qLo lj) [;+)] zf:qdf n]lvPcg';fsf] zf:
qdf lglxt xg] zf:q;DaGwL . zf:qLotf gf) [;+)] zf:qLo x'gfsf] efj, cj:yf jf ljz]iftf
. jfb gf) lu|; f]dsf k|frLg zf:qLo lgodsf

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1189

zf:qLo ;dfnf]rgflzlIft lj) lzIff lbg of]Uo l;sfpg plrt l;sfpg'kg]{ . lzIff gf) [;+)]
!= ljBfno, dxfljBfno cflbdf 3}df klg lgoldt kn] cWoog ug]u { fpg] jf k9fOsf] rfFhf
]kfFrf] ldnfpg] sfd 1fg lbg] jf lng] sfd ljBf . @= l;s], ;'g] jf cGo sg} klg k|sfn] ;
fh k|s[ltff u|x0f ulg] ;}4flGts tyf Jofjxfls ljifosf] af]w . #= sg} sfsf] plrt tfl
ctL{pkb]z . $= j]bsf 5 c\udWo] dGqxsf] pRrf0fljlwsf] lgk0f ulPsf] c+z jf v08 . ~ lbj
; gf) g]kfndf k|ltjif{ efb| @# ut] z}lIfs If]qdf pT;j dgfOg] lbg . ~ bLIff gf) Jol
Qmsf] dfgl;s rfllqs ljsf; tyf ;b\u'0fsf lglDt lbOg] ctL{pkb]z . > lzIffWoIf gf) lq
e'jg ljZjljBfnosf] ;\u7gcg';f z}lIfs dfdnfsf] bfloTj jxg ug]{ tyf kf7qmd, cg';Gwfg,
ljBfyL{ sNof0f ;+of]hg cfgf dftxtdf x]sf] Ps pRr kb ]S6 . ~ k4lt gf) lzIff lbg] 9f
jf sfObf lzIf0f k|0ffnL . klifb\ gf) != lzIffsf] k|rfk|;f tyf clej[l4sf lglDt ;+nU
f ;\ul7t ;+:yf . @= sg} lzIf0f;+:yfsf] kf7qmd, lzIf0fJoj:yf cflbsf] lg0f{o jf th'd
{ f ug{ ag]sf], lzIffljb\xsf] ;ldlt . ~ k|0ffnL gf) lzIff lbg] k|0ffnL jf sfObf lzI
ffk4lt . k|b lj) lzIff lbg] jf kfOg] 1fga4{s . ~ dGqfno gf) b]zsf] lzIffIf]q tyf z}
lIfs ;\ u 7gsf txdf cfjZos lqmofsnfksf] ;+ o f] h g, gLltlgwf{0f, Joj:yfkg cflb d"
ne"t sfo{ ug]{ dGqfno . ~ dGqL gf) lzIffdGqfnosf] sfo{ef jxg u]sf] jf To;sf] ;d'lrt
Joj:yf ldnfpg] dGqL . ~ of]hgf gf) != lzIffsf cfjZos ;fwg h'6fpg] tyf ;d'lrt pkfo
, Joj:yf cflb ug]{ k"j{lglZrt k]vf;lxtsf] of]hgf . @= g]kfndf fli6o lzIffof]hgfcGtu{
t ;Ifd hgzlQm tof kfg]{ tyf Joj;fod"ns k4ltdf hf]8 lbg] p2]Zon] rnfOPsf] z}lIfs o
f]hgf . lzIffyL{ gf) [;+)] lzIff lng] jf k9\g] JolQm ljBfyL{ 5fq . ~ ;d'bfo gf) lzIf
fyL{xsf] ;d"x . lzIffno gf) [;+)] lzIffyL{xn] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ 7fpF jf ejg lzIff lbg
] jf k9fpg] ;+:yf ljBfno . lzIffljb\ lj) [;+)] lzIffsf] 1ftf ljfg\ . lzIff ljwfg gf)
[;+)] b]zdf lzIffsf] ;d'lrt ljsf; tyf z}lIfs ;+:yfxsf] ;+of]lht ;\u7gsf lglDt cfjZ
os p2]Zo, gLlt, sfo{qmd, ljlw, k4lt cflb pNn]v ePsf] lgodljlgod lzIff;jfn . lzIff
ljefu gf) [;+)] lzIff;DaGwL ljifodf cfgf dftxtsf] Joj:yf ldnfpg] jf ]vb]v ug]{ ;sfL
ljefu . lzlIfsf gf) [;+)] :qLlzIfs cWoflksf u'?cfdf . lzlIft lj) [;+)] != lzIff k|fK
t u]sf] k9]nv ] s ] f] jf a'em]sf] .

cg';0fdf ;flxTosf] ;[hgf x'g'k5{ eg] dfGg] klZrdL ;flxTol;4fGt . zf:qLo ;dfnf]rgf g
f) [;+)] zf:qLo lgodsf cfwfdf ;flxlTos s[ltsf] ljj]rgf ug]{ Ps k|sfsf] ;dLIffk4lt
. zf:qf]St lj) [;+)] zf:qdf slxPsf] jf atfOPsf] zf:qljlxt . zfx gf) [kmf)] != 7s'/L
sf] Ps y/ . @= fhf afbzfx . #= 7sL If]qLsf] Ps pkflw . hfbf gf) fhfsf 5f]f jf efO
L gf) fhfsL 5f]L jf alxgL . zfxGzfx gf) [kmf)] fhfxsf klg fhf dxffhflwfh ;d|f6\
L gf) != zfxGzfxsf] sfo{, dof{bf jf kbjL . lj) @= zfxGzfx;DaGwL zfxGzfxsf] . #= zf
xGzfxsf] h:tf] . zfxj+z gf) [zfx j+z] zfxsf] s'n . zfxL lj) [c)] != zfx jf /fhfsf] j
+z;Fu ;DalGwt . gf) @= 7sLxsf] Ps ju{sf] kbjL . clwkq gf) dfgkbjL kfpg] JolQmxnfO{ /
hfaf6 k|bfg ug]{ ul/Psf] dfgkbjLsf] k|zl:t;d]t ePsf] kq . cfof]u gf) /fhfaf6 sg} l
jz]if sfo{sf] ;Dkfbgsf lglDt u7g ulg] cfof]u . 3f]if0ff gf) != fhf jf afbzfxaf6 zf;
gIf]qdf lbOg] ljlzi6 jQmJo . kljf gf) fhkljf . Ifs gf) c\uIfs . ;Daf]wg gf
sf gfddf ul/g] ;Daf]wg efif0f . ;"rgf gf) fhfaf6 hfL ulg] ;"rgf . ;]gf gf) g]kfn ;
nf]stflGqs u0ftGq aGg'k"j{sf] g]kfnL ;]gfsf] gfd . :jLs[lt gf) ;+;b\af6 kf; ePsf
ljw]osnfO{ /fhfaf6 nfndf]x nufpg] sfd . lz+zkf gf) [;+)] sfnf], ;]tf] kx]Fnf] tLg
k|sfsf] x'g] sf7af6 kmlg{rx agfOg] Ps v l;;f} . lzIfs gf) [;+)] lzIff lbg] jf ljBf
f k9fpg] JolQm cWofks u'? df:6 . ~ lzIf0f gf) ljBfyL{ jf lh1f;'nfO{ lzIff lbg] gofF t
lsfsf] 1fg jf l;sfO lzIfstflnd . ~ lzIf0f s]Gb| gf) lzIfsxnfO{ lzIf0fljlw l;sfpg] 7f
pF lzIfsxsf lglDtsf] lzIffno . lzIf0f gf) [;+)] != lzIff lbg] jf 1fgfh{g ufpg] sfd cW
ofkg . @= sg} ljifo l;Sg]l;sfpg] sfd tflnd . ~ lj1fg gf) lzIf0f lbg] ljlw jf klkf6Ls
f] ljj]rgf ulPsf] zf:q . ~ ljlw gf) ljBfyL{nfO{ lzIff lbg] tlsf jf klkf6L . ~ zf:q gf
) lzIf0fk4lt;Fu ;DalGwt zf:q . ~ ;ldlt gf) sg} ljifosf] lzIf0f Joj:yf tyf ;d'lrt ;
~rfngsf lglDt ag]sf] ;ldlt (h:tf] g]kfnL lzIf0f ;ldlt Oltxf; lzIf0f ;ldlt, ;+:s[t
lzIf0f ;ldlt O)) . ~ ;+:yf gf) 5fq5fqfxnfO{ Jojl:yt kdf lzIff lbg] jf k7gkf7g ufpg]
Ps jf w]} lzIffno . > lzIf0fLo

c:\Sabdkosh\'Sha'.p65

lzv08lzf]laGb' @= ljlwjt\ Jofjxfls sf jf zf:qLo sfsf] 1fg xfl;n u]]sf] . #= hfGg];'

g\ kl08t . lzv08 gf) [;+)] != d'h'sf] k'R5 do"k'R5 . @= lzvf 6'kL . > lzv08L gf) !=
jf To;sf] KjfFv . @= sv'f] . #= af0f . $= d"nkdf sGof eP tfklg k'qkdf 3f]lift eLid
lktfdxsf d[To'sf] sf0f x'g,] dxfeftk|l;4 b'|kb fhfsf] 5f]f] . %= kf}?if jf ansf] cef
j ePsf] JolQm jf To:tf] JolQmnfO{ pEofP cfgf] sfd k6fpg] dflg; . lzv gf) [;+)] != kj{
tsf] ;aeGbf dflyNnf] efu r'r'f] 6fsf] . @= 3, dlGb cflbsf] pkNnf] r'Rrf] efu uh' .
f gf) pkTosfsf rf gffo0fdWo] sf7df8f}b F l] v blIf0fdf kg]{ kmlk{ eGg] 7fpFdf x]sf Ps
gffo0f . ;Dd]ng gf) sg} lglZrt p2]Zo lnO{ fi6fWoIfxsf aLrdf x'g] ;Dd]ng jf ;b\efjg
0f{ e]nf . > lzvl0fL gf) != k|To]s r0f ou0f, du0f, gu0f, ;u0f, eu0f n3' / u'?;d]t ;
q cIfn] aGg], 5 afx| cIfdf lj>fd x'g] Ps jfl0f{s 5Gb . @= 5ftLb]lv gfle;Dd uPsf] f]
dk\lQm . #= >]i7 jf pQd gfL zfnLg :qL . lzvL lj) != lzv ePsf] jf lzv x'g] 6fs] .
f8L lsNnf kj{t . lzvf gf) [;+)] != r"8fsd{ ubf{ lzsf] dfemdf flvg] skfnsf] ufF7f] 6'k
L . @= d'h', 8fFkm] cflbsf] l;p . #= cfuf], aQL cflbsf] Hjfnf . $= tLvf] 6'Kkf] .
w lj) lzvf wf0f ug]{ lzvfjfg\ . jfg\ lj) != lzvf ePsf] lzvfw lzvL . gf) @= clUg .
. $= lrtf . ;"q gf) lhfltsf] d'Vo wfld{s lrXg ePsf] lzvf hg} . lzvL lj) [;+)] != l
zvf ePsf] lzvfw . @= r'Rrf] k]sf] ltvfp] . gf) #= lhflt . $= d'h', 8fFkm] cflb l;p
kIfL . %= clUg aQL . ^= af0f . ~ a'4 gf) sf7df8f}F pkTosfsf] k"mnrf]sL kxf8df tk:o
f ug]{, k'f0fk|l;4 Ps a'4sf] gfd . lz\3f0f gf) [;+)] l;F3fg . lz~hf gf) [;+)] != uxg
fx ah]sf] cfjfh emGsf l;~hf . @= wg'sf] 8f]L tfFbf] . lzl~hgL gf) [;+)] != tfFbf] k
. @= uf]8fdf klxlg] uxgf (kfph]a, g"k ' cflb) . #= aHg] dfnf . lzlt lj) [;+)] != Zj
]t ;]tf] . @= sfnf] . s07 gf) gLns07 dxfb]j . lzlyn lj) [;+)] != fd|L gsl;Psf] v's
fF7f], sf] cflb) . @= sfdn] ;fx|} yfs]sf] jf un]sf] n:t . #= cf1f jf lgodljwfgsf] fd
|f] kfngf gePsf] . $= bx|f] gePsf] b'a{n . %= 5ltf];Fu sfd ug{ g;Sg] h'D;f] . tf gf)
!= lzlyn x'g] rfn jf l:ylt . @= jfSorgfdf zAbof]hgf gldNbf kg]{, sfJosf] Ps bf]i
f .
1190

lzDaL gf) [;+)] != l;dL, s]fp, af]8L cflbsf] sf];f] . @= l;dL . lz gf) [;+)] != zL cf
bsf] pkNnf] efu 6fpsf] dfy d:ts . @= k|foM vf]nfsf] pb\ud:yn . #= sg} j:t' jf 7fpFlj
z]ifsf] 6'Kkf] . f gf) 3f]8fsf 6fpsfdf sl;g] 5fnfsf] pks0f . gfdf gf) != lr7Lkq, l
cflbsf] ;'df n]lvg] k|zl:t jf lzdf n]lvg] a]xf]f . @= sg} n]vrgf cflbsf] zLif{s . ~
kfp gf) != dfgdof{bfsf lglDt jf k':sfsf kdf lbOg] n'uf,uxgf cflb . @= 5ftfh'Qf . #=
lz kfp cflb cGt . $= ;a} ;Dk"0f{ . ~ k'R5 gf) lz k'R5 cflb cGt . k]r gf)
'Qm d's6 fhd's6 >L]k]r . kf]; gf) 6fpsfdf nufOg] 6f]kL kuL, >Lk]r cflb j:q jf cfe
k'mn gf) gfLn] lzdf nfpg], k"mnsf cfsfsf] ;'gsf] uxgf . aGbL gf) ;f}efUojtL gfLn
Fbf]af6 ns{g] uL lzdf nufpg], ;'gsf] lkmQfh:tf], tLg nxf k]sf] 6'Kkf]df em'Kkf] ePsf
] uxgf . laGb' gf) gfs]af]nLdf \, `\, 0f\, g\, d\ sf] Wjlg pRrf0f ubf{ cIfsf yfKnfd
lbOg] yf]Knf] cg':jf ( + ) . ~ a]xf]f gf) lr7L, lgj]bg, lnvt cflb cfDe ubf{ lzdf n]l
g] dfgaf]ws jfSo jf klrofTds ljj0f lzgfdf zLif{s . ljGb' gf) lzlaGb' . lz:qlz:q
] != n8fOFdf of]4fxn] lzsf] arfpsf lglDt nfpg] kmnfd] 6f]kL . @= kuL 6f]kL . lz:yfg g
) [;+)] b}nv ] ahfb]lv emG8} 8]9 sf]; klZrdkl gflevf]nf 5fduf8 vf]nfsf] bf]efgdf x]
sf], Hjfnfb]jLsf] dlGb . lzxft gf) [lz xft] enf] xf];\ egL csf] lzdf xft fVg] sfd c
. lzxfGg] gf) [lz xfGg]] cfufdf kf]n]sf] l;ofn] 6fpsfdf 3f]r] ulg], Ps k|sfsf] u|fdL
pkrfk4lt . lzf gf) [;+)] zLdf Qm;~rf ufpg] gf8L jf g;f] df+;k]zL . :kmf]6 gf) g
xif{ gf) zLsf g;f emdemdfpg] Ps f]u . lzLif gf) [;+)] gd dl;gf kft x'g,] ;]tf jf Kof
sf sdnf fd|f k"mn k'mNg], k8\sf] sf7 x'g] nfdfnfdf r]K6f kmn nfUg] Ps hftsf] v . l
zf]wfo{ lj) [;+)] != lzdf wf0f ug{ of]Uo dfydf r9fpg'kg]{ . @= cfb;fy u|x0f ug{ of]Uo
jLsfo{ . (pbf) oxfFxaf6 kfPsf] ;'emfp lzf]wfo{ 5) . lzf]k lj) lz r9fpg plrt cfb;fy
]{ lzf]wfo{ . (pbf) oxfFn] eGg'ePsf sf lzf]k 5g\) . lzf]laGb' gf) [;+)] != lzsf]
cfsfzdf kg]{ :yfg jf ;f] :yfgsf] ;"rs laGb' . @= cg':jf/ hgfpg]

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1191

lz/f]e/f]lz/f]ef/f]lzjf szntfk"js { k|:t't ug]{ k4lt jf 9fFrfsfFrf . zfnf gf) != lzN

k;DaGwL sfd ug]{ 3 jf lzNkljBf l;sfpg] ljBfno . @= lzNk;DaGwL ;fwg jf j:t'x flvPsf]
7fpF . ~ zf:q gf) lzNk;DaGwL lgdf{0fsf ljlw n]lvPsf] jf sflnu8Lsf] ljj]rgf ulPsf]
zf:q lzNkljBf . ~ zf:qL gf) lzNk;DaGwL zf:q jf k|of]uszntfsf] 1ftf . ~ ;Hhf gf) lzN
kn] ;hfpg] sfd x:tsnfsf] ;hfj6 . lzlNks lj) [;+)] != lzNksnf jf sfluLl;t ;DalGwt . g
f) @= lzNksf] sfd ug]{ JolQm sflnu8 . > lzlNksf gf) cf}ifwLsf kdf sfd lnOg] Ps k|sfs
f] t[0f . lzNkL gf) [;+)] != lzNk;DaGwL sfd ug]{ JolQm lzNksf sflnu8 . lj) @= lzNk;D
aGwL lzNksf] . #= lzNksnfdf lgk'0f . lzj gf) [;+)] != lxGb"sf tLg k|wfg b]jtf a|Xdf
, lji0f' dxfb]jdWo] ;+xfsfo{sf k|tLs dflgPsf k|l;4 b]jtf ?b| dxfb]j zDe' kz'klt . @=
un sNof0f cfgGb . #= d'Qm x'g] sfd d'lQm df]If . $= ljisDeflb ;QfO; of]udWo] Ps of]u
. %= sfnf] wt'f] . ^= kfgL hn . > lzjsf gf) lnR5ljsfnLg d'bf | jf l;Ssf . ufdL gf)
d\unsfdgf u] lzjsf] pkf;gf ug]{ JolQm . lul gf) s}nfz (lzv jf kj{t) . ~ rt'bz { L
zjflq . tfTj gf) != lzj jf sNof0fsf] efj, u'0f jf wd{ . @= cdtf df]If . gfdL gf)
flb kdf lzjsf] gfddf 5flkPsf] cf]9\g], r2 jf asf]{ . ~ k'f0f gf) c7f dxfk'f0fdWo] lzj
f] dlxdf j0f{g ulPsf] Ps k'f0f z}j k'f0f . k'L gf) != lzjnf]s s}nfz . @= jff0f;L
7df8f}F pkTosfsf] ;f]emf] pQdf x]sf] Ps kj{t . a'6L gf) ef ufFhf . (lzjn] vfg] jf lz
sf] gfd lnP vfOg] kdf) . eQm gf) != lzjhLsf] eQm . @= lj) ;+) !(*! j}zfv ! ut]bl] v
tTsfnLg k|wfgdGqL rGb|zdz]ff g]kfndf bf;k|yfsf] pGd"ng ubf{ kz'kltgfysf] ;l~rt wg
pkof]u ulPsfn] To;} ;Gbe{df cdn]v ulPsf sdff sdfLxnfO{ lbOPsf] pkgfd . flq gf) lz
hfcfhf ulg], pT;j dgfOg] tyf j|tpkjf; cflb al;g], kmfu'g s[i0frt'b{zL ltlysf] ft lz
jrt'b{zL . ln\u gf) lzjsf] ln\ufsf k ln\usf kdf k'lhg] lzjsf] d"lt{ jf k|tLs .
Ghfsf tyf sgfsgf k]sf kft x'g], nxf jf kftsf 6'Kkfdf wfufsf 5fF6sf TofGb|f b]lvg], ;f
gf kx]FN5f k"mn k'mNg], km;L{sf] h:tf] Ps hftsf] nxf] To;} nxfdf kmNg] sfFrf]df xlof]
;]tf] w;]{ kfs]kl5 ftf] x'g] uf]n kmn jf u]8fleq lzjln\usf cfsfsf] gfO6f] x'g] aLp
. nf]s gf) lzjhLsf] jf; ePsf] nf]s s}nfz . jfxg gf) lzjhLsf] jfxg gGbL gfpFsf] ;fF9
. lzjf gf) [;+)] != kfj{tL b'uf{ . @= df]If d'lQm .

lrXg lz/laGb' { g]{ lzf]ef]lzf]eff] gf) [lz ef] ;a} bfloTj jxg ug'k sf] jf l:ylt
lbgsf lglDt 3sf] lzf]eff] ;fyLnfO{ ;'Dk] pgL kb]z nfu]) . lzf]ei " f0f gf) [;+)] !=
nufOg] uxgf d's6 . @= >]i7 tyf cfb0fLo JolQm . lzf]dl0f gf) [;+)] != lzdf wf0f ulg
f jf Tg . @= sg}sg} xfQL, gfu cflbsf] lzdf kfOg] dl0f . #= sg} ljifosf ljlzi6 ljfg\nf
{ lbOg] ;DdfgBf]ts pkflw (h:tf] sljlzf]dl0f, Oltxf;lzf]dl0f, ;\uLtlzf]dl0f O)) . { g]
;j{>i ] 7 lzf]jtL{ lj) [;+)] != >4f ;Ddfg ug'k ;jf]Q { d . @= lzdf x]sf] jf xg nfo
gf) #= cfb0fLo JolQm k|wfg k'?if . lzf]j]i6g gf) [;+)] lzdf u'ltg] km]6f kuL . lznf
) [;+) lzn] p~5 l;nf . lznf@ gf) [;+)] != kTy 9'\uf] . @= hfFtf] 3 . #= ;F3f7]nf] .
8 gf) 9'\ufsf] 6'qmf] . lht gf) ;"o{sf] fkn] tft]sf ljz]if lsl;dsf 9'\ufaf6 lg:sg],
fnf] klUnPsf] kbfy{ . Gof; gf) 3, dlGb cflb agfpFbf ;fOtdf ljlwk"js { k"hfcfhf uL hu
df 9'u \ f], OF6 cflb fVg] sfd u[xfDe . k6 gf) 9'u \ fsf] k6 jf cf;g 9'\ufsf] kf6
f) lznfn]v . n]v gf) lr:yfloTjsf lglDt lznfdf sFlbPsf] sg} ljz]if ljifosf] k|rf, k|d
0f cflb x'g] n]v jf :dflsf . lznfj[lQ gf) [;+) lznj[lQ] l;nf vf]h ] ulg] hLjglgjf{x p
~5j[lQ . lzNk gf) != gfgf yLsf snfk"0f{ j:t'x agfpg], a'f eg]{ cflb xftsf] snf jf ;L
k x:tsnf sflnu8L . @= sg} sfd tx ldnfP ug]{ 9fFrf . ~ pBf]u gf) lzNk;DaGwL sf jf x:t
sf] pBf]u . > lzNks gf) c7f pkksdWo] Ps tyf zfGt xf:o;afx]s c ; x'g], d;fg cflbsf]
{g ulg], gfos a|fXd0f pkgfos gLr kfq ePsf], rfc\s] pkks . ~ snf gf) lzNk;DaGwL snf
snf sflnu8L . sf gf) lzNk;DaGwL jf x:tsnfsf] sfd ug]{ sflnu8 lzNkL . sfL gf) lzNk
sfd jf sf}zn sfluL . ~ sf}zn gf) lzNksnf . ~ u[x gf) lzNkzfnf . hLjL gf) sfluLsf]
hLjgj[lQ rnfpg] JolQm sflu . tfTj gf) lzNksf] efj, u'0f jf wd{ . jfb gf) ;flxTon
zNksf] sflnu8 dfGg] lzNknfO{ s]jn k|ljlw dfq gdfg] ;flxTos} kof{o ;Demg], aL;f}F
ztfAbLsf] t];|f] bzsdf cd]lsfdf k|of]u ePsf] ;flxlTos l;4fGt . ~ ljBf gf) lzNk;DaG
wL ljBf jf 1fg . ~ ljwfg gf) rgfTds cleJolQmsf ;Gbe{df cfjZos sf snfTds Pj+

c:\Sabdkosh\'Sha'.p65

lzjfnozLt lzjfno gf) [;+)] != lzjsf] d"lt{ jf ln\u :yflkt ePsf] dlGb lzjdlGb dxfb]js
b]jn . @= lzjsf] jf; x'g] 7fpF . lzjflns gf) dxfeft kj{tz[\vnfb]lv blIf0fkl To;}sf]
xffxfLdf k"j{klZrd s]xL 6f9f;Dd lkmFhflPsf] xf]rf] kj{tdfnf r'] kxf8 . lzlj gf) [;+)]
!= k'f0fk|l;4 Ps bfgzLn fhfsf] gfd . @= l;sfL hGt' . #= ef]hkq . lzljsf gf) [;+)] kf
NsL Dofgf . lzlj gf) [;+)] != ;]gf xg] jf a:g] 7fpF 5fpgL Aof]s . @= fhgLlts cfGbf]
o'4sf l;nl;nfdf sfod ulg] lsNnf b'u{ . #= ofqf, kj{tff]x0f cflbsf cj;df c:yfoL kdf k
fn 6fFuL af; sfod ulg] 7fpF . lzlz gf) [;+)] != 5 Ct'dWo] clGtd jf x]dGtkl5sf] Ct' d
f3 kmfu'g dlxgfdf kg]{ Ct' . lj) @= ;bL{ hd]sf] lr;f] . ~ Ct' gf) 5 Ct'dWo] clGtd
Ct' df3 kmfu'g dlxgfdf kg]{ Ct' . lzz' gf) [;+)] != hGd]b]lv k|foM kfFr jif{;Ddsf
pd]sf afns gfgL aRrf] . @= sg} klg kz'kIfLsf] aRrf] (af5f], 5fjf, s]6f], rNnf], arf]
O)) . ~ pBfg gf) s]6fs]6LnfO{ v]Ng, a:g dgf]~hg ug{sf lglDt agfOPsf] ;fwgo'Qm au}r
F f . ~ sNof0f s]Gb| gf) s]6fs]6Lsf] :jf:Yosf] ;+If0f, lgLIf0f jf pkrf cflb ulg] :yf
g . tf gf) afnskg afNofj:yf . Tj gf) lzz'tf . lzz'kfn gf) [;+)] o'lwli7ff fh;"o
a]nf ]if b'jr { gsf] kmn:jk s[i0fsf xftaf6 dflg], r]lbb]zsf fhfsf] gfd . ~ jw gf) s
i0fff lzz'kfnnfO{ dflPsf] syfsf] ljifo j0f{g ePsf] sljdf3lgld{t ;+:s[t efiffsf] dxf
sfJo . lzz'df gf) [;+)] != ;fF; ] gfdsf] Ps hnhGt' . @= k'5fdf w'|jtff x]sf] b]lvg] P
s gIfqd08n . ~ rqm gf) To:tf gIfqxsf] 3]f] jf kmGsf] . lzz' f]u ljz]if1 gf) [;+)] s]6
fs]6Lxsf] f]u tyf lgbfg;DaGwL ljz]if 1fg ePsf] JolQm afnsxsf] szn 8fS6 jf lrlsT;s . l
Zg gf) [;+)] k'?ifsf] hgg]lGb|o ln\u . lzi6 lj) [;+)] != cfgLafgL fd|f] ePsf] lgodcg'
f;gdf xg] tyf ;Eotf ;f} h Gok" 0 f{ Jojxf ug] { . @= ;wfOPl;sfOPsf] ;d'lrt lzIffbLI
ff kfPsf] ;Eo . #= zfGt gd| :jefjsf] . $= afFsL x]sf] z]if xn . gf) %= dfGo jf k|ltl
7t JolQm a'l4dfg\ k'?if . tf gf) lzi6 x'gfsf] efj, u'0f jf l:ylt . ~ k|of]u gf) dof
{lbt ksf] jf lzi6 JolQmnfO{ ;'xfpg] vfnsf] k|of]u (af]nfO, n]vfO cflbdf) . ~ d08n
gf) d}qL, ;b\efjgf, ;Demf}tf,
1192

;';DaGw cflbsf lglDt sg} ljlzi6 JolQmsf] g]tT [ jdf csf]{ b]z jf ;DalGwt txdf hfg
] eb| JolQmxsf] ;d"x . ;dfh gf) lzi6 jf ;Eo dflg;x a;]sf] ;dfh ;Eoxsf] ;d"x . ~ ;Ddt
j) lzi6 hgff :jLs[t jf cg'df]lbt enfbdLxn] cFufn]sf] . lzi6frf gf) [;+)] != cfuGt'sx
t cFuflng] dfg dof{bf;lxtsf] fd|f] Jojxf cfltYo ;Tsf . @= lzi6 jf ;Eo dflg;xsf] cfr
rf . ~ dxfkfn gf) kfi6 d GqfnocGtu{ t ldqfi6 s f fhb" t jf cGo k|ltlglwxsf] :jfuts
vl6g] ljlzi6 clws[t (rLkm ckm k|f]6f]sn) . > lzi6frfL lj) != lzi6 cfr0f jf ;Eo Jojx
f ug]{ lzi6frfsf] kfng ug]{ . @= ;bfrfL . #= ljgd| ljgozLn . lzio gf) [;+)] != lzIfs
} lsl;dsf] lzIff k|fKt ug]{ JolQm ljBfyL{ lzIffyL{ . @= cfk"mn] k9fPsf] jf l;sfPsf
] JolQm r]nf] . #= cfk"m;Fu sg} wd{sf] bLIff lnPsf] jf cfk"mn] dGq ;'gfPsf] r]nf]
. lj) $= l;sfpg;wfpg of]Uo . tfTj gf) lzio x'gfsf] efj jf cj:yf . ~ kDkf gf) sg} u'
k|bfoaf6 rNb} cfPsf] lzioxsf] k':t}gL kDkf kDkfut lziod08nL . zLs gf) [;+)] != kfgL
;gf yf]kfsf] ;d"x l56fl56L hns0f . @= atf;df p8]sf] kfgLsf] yf]Knf] cf]; zLt . zL3| l
qm) lj) [;+)] t'?Gt rfF8f] em . sfL lj) != zL3| sfd ug]{ sfd ug{df t]lhnf] . @= zL3
|efj kfg]{ (cf}ifwL, ef]hg cflb) . ufdL lj) rfF8f] lxF8g \ ] b|t ' ufdL . tfTj gf)
L3| jf rfF8f] x'g] rfn jf l:ylt l56f]kgf . > zL3|fltzL3| lqm) lj) clt rfF8f] jf x'
g];Ddsf] l56f] t'?Gtft'?GtL l56f]eGbf klg l56f] . zLt gf) [;+)] != ftL hldg, v, kft c
flbdf kg]{ kfgLsf ;;fgf yf]Knf cf]; . @= 7G8Lsf] cj:yf jf cg'ej hf8f] lr;f] . #= gr
ndnfpg] cN;L . sl6aGw gf) e"dWo]vfb]lv ^^ c+z pQ ^^ c+z blIf0fb]lv w'j | k|bz ] ;
]{ ;fx|} lr;f] xg] k[YjLsf b'O{ efu . s0f gf) ftL jf hf8fdf cfsfzaf6 k]sf], 6Nsg] kf
Lsf yf]Knf hnlaGb' zLt . s lj) != lr;f] jf 708f ug]{ . gf) @= rGb|df . #= sk" . s
lr;f] jf 7G8f agfpg] k|lqmof . ~ sfn gf) hf8f]sf] ;do lxpFb ofd (k|foM d\l;, k'; df
3 dlxgf jf x]dGt Ct'b]lv cfwf lzlz Ct';Dd) . ~ sfnLg lj) hf8fsf] ;dosf] hf8fdf x'g]
hf8f];DaGwL . ~ Hj gf) ;fx|} hf8f] jf 7G8L eP r9\g] Ps lsl;dsf] hf] sfdhf] . ~ k|wfg
) != w]} zLt nfUg] jf hf8f] x'g] (b]z, 7fpF cflb) . @= ;bL{ jf lr;f] nfUg] . ~ d0
8n gf) ;'d]? sd]? j[Qb]lv w'|jtkm{sf] hf8f] If]q . ~ d?e"ld gf) lxpFn] 9flsPsf]

c:\Sabdkosh\Sha.p65
1193

zLtnz'4 zLif{:y lj) [;+)] ;aeGbf dfly x]sf] pkNnf]:tsf] . ;Dd]ng gf) ljleGg fi6sf
g] pRr:tLo ;Dd]ng . zLif{:yfg gf) [;+)] != ;aeGbf pRr jf dflyNnf] 7fpF . @= e]L c~r
nsf] b'Nn'df Hjfnfb]jLsf] klZrdkl x]sf] Hjfnf lg:sg] 7fpF . zLn gf) [;+)] != fd|f] a
fgLa]xf]f c;n rfnrng rlq :jefj k|s[lt . @= hf]l8Psf], nfu]sf], cEo:t, cg'Qm cflb cy{
O{ ;df;sf cGtdf k|of]u x'g] (h:tf] e|d0fzLn, :g]xzLn, ;f}Gbo{zLn O)) . z's gf) [;+
)] != ;'uf . @= z'sb]j . b]j gf) z'sL (;'uL)sf kdf k[YjLdf 3'd]sL 3[tfrL gfdsL cK;f
af6 hGd]sf, Jof;sf 5f]f k|l;4 k'f0fjfrs 1fgLsf kdf k|Voft Clif . z'saf gf) x]) ;'qmaf
. z'lSt gf) [;+)] != l;kL . @= 3'FuLsLf] . #= z\v . $= vKk . > z'lStsf gf) != l;kL .
@= zLrgflj1fgdf tVtfsf jf sg} j:t' xg], xf8sf] vf]qmf] efusf] gfd . z'qm gf) [;+)]
fotgsf lx;fan] jf gju|xdWo] 5}6f}F u|x e[u' . @= cfgf ;~hLjgL dGqn] o'4df dflPsf fIf
;xnfO{ k'ghL{ljt ug]{, fIf;xsf u'? b}Tou'? z'qmfrfo{ . #= k'?ifsf] ;Gtfgf]Tkfbs d'Vo
tj jLo{ . $= z'qmjf . sL6 gf) z'qmsL6f0f' . ~ sL6f0f' gf) k'?ifsf] klkSj tyf ;Gtfgp
bgsf] Ifdtf ePsf] jLo{sf]if . d]x gf) d"q]lGb|oaf6 z'qm aluxg] Ps f]u . jf z'saf
f) z'qmjf z'saf . z'qm jflxgL lj) [;+)] z'qm jf jLo{ aUg] . gnL gf) k''?ifsf] zLdf
z'qm aUg] gnL . z'qmfrfo{ gf) [;+)] e[u' Clifsf 5f]f bfgjxsf u'? k|l;4 Clif . z'qmf
0f' gf) [;+)] :qLsf] ue{df k|lji6 eP ;Gtfg pTkfbg ufpg] k'?ifsf] jLo{sf] c0f' jf klk
Sj z'qmsL6 . z'Sn