SAFETY INSTRUMENTED SYSTEM

Safety instrumented system is a special set of hardware and software used for critical
process system to detect out of control process conditions

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SIL safety integrity level

Defined as a relative level of risk-reduction provided by a safety function
Specify a target level of risk reduction
A measurement of performance required for a safety instrumented function (SIF).

SIF - safety instrumented function

The specific control functions performed by an SIS are called Safety Instrumented
Functions (SIF)
SIL should be selected for each of the SIF to perform SIS
For plant start up we need to complete SIS validation.
SIS should be independent from all other control systems.
FF shall not be used for SIS

Check transmitter failure by means of under range (below 4ma) and over range
(above 20ma) current signal.
Fail safe operation shall fail to safe position up on loss of the signal or electric power
supply
SIS program should be write protected from unauthorized alteration by key lock or
password
By pass needed for shutdown sensing device.
Safety shutdown system can only be reset by a reset button
The capacity to switch from primary equipment to stand by equipment automatically
without affecting the process under control is called REDUNDANCY
FAULT TOLERENCE
Achieved by using multiple redundant components. This is referred as the architecture
of a SIF component
1oo2 One-out-of-Two safest and lowest probability of failure

Safety requirement specification SRS

Requirements need to identify and take action of common cause failure.
Requirements for override and by bypass including how they will get cleared.
Response time checking is needed to bring the process to safe state.
Check mean time to repair, travel time, location etc

BPCS - basic process control system

IPS - instrumented protective system
FAT - factory acceptance testing
SAT - site acceptance testing
IPL - independent protective level
DTT - de-energies to trip

ETT - energies to trip