Cauvery Basin Report

Version 2.
0
Cauvery Basin Report
ii
Preface
Optimal management of water resources is the necessity of time in the wake of development and
growing need of population of India. The National Water Policy of India (2002) recognizes that
development and management of water resources need to be governed by national perspectives in
order to develop and conserve the scarce water resources in an integrated and environmentally
sound basis. The policy emphasizes the need for effective management of water resources by
intensifying research efforts in use of remote sensing technology and developing an information
system. In this reference a Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) was signed on December 3, 2008
between the Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Indian
Space Research Organisation (ISRO) to execute the project Generation of Database and
Implementation of Web enabled Water resources Information System in the Country short named
as India-WRIS WebGIS.
India-WRIS WebGIS has been developed and is in public domain since December 2010 (www.indiawris.nrsc.gov.in). It provides a Single Window solution for all water resources data and information
in a standardized national GIS framework and allow users to search, access, visualize, understand
and analyze comprehensive and contextual water resources data and information for planning,
development and Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM).
Basin is recognized as the ideal and practical unit of water resources management because it allows
the holistic understanding of upstream-downstream hydrological interactions and solutions for
management for all competing sectors of water demand. The practice of basin planning has
developed due to the changing demands on river systems and the changing conditions of rivers by
human interventions. The multiple uses of water and varying demands on a river basin require an
integrated approach to managing river basin.
Basin wise report generation is one the important deliverables of India-WRIS project. Report of
Cauvery Basin describes systematically the present status of water resources: major water resources
projects, hydro-meteorological observations, surface and ground water development scenario,
topographic characteristics, climatic variability, land use / land cover pattern & allied natural
resources along with socio-economic profile of the basin. The report contains valuable latest
information of the basin on all aspects of water resources and allied sectors and will be useful as
baseline information for the irrigation officials, hydrologists, agriculturalists, conservationists,
research organizations and all those involved in the development of Cauvery Basin.
www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in
Acknowledgement
The Cauvery Basin report is an outcome of the project Generation of Database and Implementation
of Web enabled Water resources Information System in the Country short named as India-WRIS
WebGIS jointly executed by the Central Water Commission (CWC) and National Remote Sensing
Centre (NRSC), Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO). This comprehensive publication gives the
present status of water resources assets, topographic features, climatic variability, land use / land
cover pattern & allied natural resources along with socio-economic information of the basin.
We, on behalf of the authors and India-WRIS project team acknowledge; Shri Alok Rawat, Secretary,
Ministry of Water Resources; Mrs. Sudha Midha, Additional Secretary, Ministry of Water
Resources; Er. A. B. Pandya, Chairman, Central Water Commission; Dr. K. Radhakrishnan, Chairman,
Indian Space Research Organization and Secretary, Department of Space; Shri Sudarsanam
Srinivasan, Secretary to GOI and Member- Finance, Department of Space; Shri A. Vijay Anand,
Additional Secretary, Department of Space; Dr. V. Koteswara Rao, Scientific Secretary, ISRO; Dr. V.
Jayaraman, Ex-Director, NRSC for constant encouragement and guidance, technical discussions and
for evincing keen interest in India-WRIS project and this report.
Our foremost acknowledgement is towards India-WRIS project team who created and
organized large number of data sets and information in GIS format as seamless layers and attribute
data for the entire country which served as base for this report. Thanks are also due to all CWC and
NRSC / ISRO officials who carried out the quality assurance and shown their enthusiastic
involvement. Finally, our sincere thanks are to all divisions and officials of NRSC and CWC for their
valuable support during the preparation of this report.
The basin report includes the results generated through interpretation of latest satellite imageries as
well as compilation of huge information from voluminous records. This would not have been
possible without the countrywide support. We would like to thank all the organizations, institutes
and individuals who contributed either directly or indirectly in bringing out this publication.
Dr. J R Sharma
Project Director, India-WRIS &
Chief General Manager, RCs/ NRSC/ ISRO, New Delhi
Er. Yogesh Paithankar
Project In-charge, India-WRIS &
Director, CWC, New Delhi
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Executive Summary
This report provides valuable information related to the topography, demography, climate, surface
& ground water resources, hydro-meteorology, water quality and Inland Navigation of Cauvery
basin. The basin covers major part of peninsular India, spreads over states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka,
Kerala and Union Territory of Puducherry which is nearly 2.7% of the total geographical area of the
country. It extends over an area of 85,626.23 Sq. km with a maximum length and width of 560 km
and 245 km, respectively. It is bounded by the Western Ghats on the west, by the Eastern Ghats on
the east & the south and by the ridges separating it from Krishna basin and Pennar basin on the
north. The basin constitutes of 3 sub-basins namely Cauvery Upper, Cauvery Middle and Cauvery
Lower sub-basin. There are 132 watersheds, each of which represents a different tributary system
for size ranging from 362 Sq. km to 991 Sq. km with maximum number of watersheds falling in
Cauvery Middle Sub-basin. On the basis of the 2001 Census, the total population in this basin is
about 3,18,89,280. Cauvery River which is the main river in this basin rises at Talakaveri on the
Brahmagiri range in the Western Ghats in Karnataka at an elevation of about 1341 m and flows for
about 800 km before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal. The important tributaries joining the Cauvery
are Harangi, Hemavathi, Kabini, Suvarnavathi and Bhavani. In the Cauvery basin, four distinct
seasons occur. They are winter, summer, south-west monsoon, and north-east monsoon season in
this basin. The basin is mainly influenced by South-West monsoon in the Karnataka & Kerala and
North-East monsoon in Tamil Nadu. Rainfall in the delta area is of the order of 1000 mm annually.
The basin has a tropical and sub-tropical climate. In the upper reaches which include Kerala and
Karnataka, the variation in temperature is minimum. The mean monthly temperature over the basin
varies from 22.98 C to 28.43 C. Around 21 land use/land cover classes are existing in the basin.
Agricultural land is dominant in this basin having an area of 53736.30 sq. km. (66.21%) followed by
16636.66 sq. km. of forest area (20.50%). The entire basin falls in three agro-climatic zones which
include west coast plains and ghat region, east coast plain and hill region and southern plateau and
hills region. Out of these, large portion of the basin consists of southern plateau and hills region. The
basin is divided into three agro-ecological zones mainly hot humid pre- humid eco-region with red,
lateritic and alluvium derived soils, hot sub humid to semi-arid eco region with coastal alluvium
derived soils and hot semi-arid eco-region with red loamy soils. About 82.87% of the basin area falls
under moderately shallow to deep (>50 cm) followed by 11.76% area under extremely shallow (<10
cm). Based on soil texture, maximum area falls under fine texture (68.01%) followed by medium
texture (17.90%). Soil erosion is a problem in this basin since 1512659.84 ha area comes under
severe erosion activity comprising of 17.93% of the total basin area. Soil productivity ranges from
highly productive to non-productive area i.e., 26.54% and 13.41% of the basin area respectively.
Major portion of the basin is having gentle slope accounting to 66.60% followed by 12.17% of the
basin having steep slope.
There are 3 sub-basin and 132 watersheds falling in the basin based on SRTM DEM data. During the
pre-plan period many projects were completed in this basin which included Krishnarajasagar in
Karnataka, Mettur dam and Cauvery delta system in Tamil Nadu. Lower Bhavani is one of the
important projects completed during the plan period. Hemavathi, Kabini and Harangi are other
important projects in the basin. According to the assessment, the total utilizable surface water
resource in the Cauvery is 19000 MCM. There are around 42642 surface waterbodies available in the
basin. Number of reservoir falling in the basin are 101; a large number of lakes comprising of 10692
are also present in the basin area whereas 30739 tanks are also present. There are about 29 major
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and medium irrigation projects in Karnataka and 25 major and medium irrigation projects in Tamil
Nadu. There are 15 major hydroelectric projects with 24 power houses available in the basin.
Number of dams falling in this basin are 96 whereas 10 barrage and 16 anicuts or weirs have been
constructed in the basin.
In the Cauvery Lower sub-basin, there are 146 ground water observation wells whereas in Cauvery
Middle sub-basin there are 612 observation wells located and Cauvery upper sub-basin comprises of
115 observation wells. In general, ground water levels in major part of the basin falls between 10 to
20 m bgl, however, in Cauvery delta the water level is less than 10 m bgl during pre-monsoon in year
of 2009. There are a total of 36 hydrological observation sites in the basin maintained by Central
Water Commission. Out of this, 21 sites are GDQ and 15 are GDSQ sites located in the basin. The
basin has good quality of ground water, except salinity near sea shore. Ground water quality
observations are taken at 71 sites of CWC in the basin.
NWDA has proposed 16 peninsular components in the inter-linking of rivers, out of these two are
falling in the Cauvery basin viz. Somasila- Grand Anicut Link and Cauvery (kattalai) Vaigni-Gundar
Link. There are 60 main tourist places, including many pilgrimages, wildlife sanctuaries, waterfalls,
hill station, forts and lakes etc.
Team India-WRIS hopes that the Cauvery River Basin Report will be a useful asset for the country
and stakeholders and may engrain better understanding of the water resources scenario in the
basin. This report will be a utilitarian for management of water sector in the basin.
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Table of Contents
Preface --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
Acknowledgement -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ii
Executive Summary----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
1. Introduction-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 Overview of basin -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 Topography---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
1.3 Climate --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.3.1 Rainfall --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 9
1.3.2 Temperature ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
1.3.3 Trends and variability -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 11
1.4 Major rivers -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
1.5 Land use/land cover ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 13
1.6 Soils ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 16
1.7 Agro-climatic zones ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
1.8 Agro-ecological zones -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
1.9 Demography ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
2. Hydrological units ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
2.1 Sub-basins ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 26
2.2 Watersheds--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 27
3. Surface water resources --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.1 Surface waterbodies---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31
3.2 Water resource projects ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
3.2.1 Major and medium irrigation projects ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32
Lift irrigation and ERM -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
3.2.2. Hydro Electric Projects ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 33
Power house -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33
3.2.3. Dams, Barrages/Weirs/Anicuts ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 34
3.3.4. Command area and canals network ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 40
3.3.5. Multipurpose projects ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 42
3.3.6. Interstate projects ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 42
4. Ground water resources --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
4.1 Ground water observation wells ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 43
4.2 Ground water level fluctuation -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 45
4.3 Litholog well locations ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 48
5. Hydro-met observations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 50
5.1 Hydrological observation sites --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
5.2 Meteorological stations ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 51
6. Water quality ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
6.1 Surface water quality observations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
6.2 Ground water quality observations --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 52
7. Inter-basin transfer links--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 53
8. Water tourism sites --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 55
9.Conclusion --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 57
Annexure I: State, district and parliamentary constituency in the basin ----------------------------------------------- 58
Annexure II: Climate Rainfall (1971-2004) and Temperature (1969-2004) profile in the basin ----------------- 61
Annexure III : Sub-basin wise population and drinking water facilities ------------------------------------------------- 63
Annexure IV: Inventory of surface water resources-------------------------------------------------------------------------- 65
Annexure V : Inventory of litholog well locations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83
Annexure VI : Salient features of hydro-meteorological stations ------------------------------------------------------ 117
Annexure VII : Inventory of water tourism sites ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 124
Acronyms ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 127
References ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 131
Authors -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 132
India-WRIS Project Team -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------133
List of Tables
Table 1. Salient features of the basin-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------5
Table 2. Elevation zones----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------7
Table 3. Length of major rivers------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------13
Table 4. Land use/ land cover statistics (2005-06)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------14
Table 5. Sub-basin wise watersheds-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------27
Table 6. Number and size of waterbodies----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------31
Table 7. Number of water resources projects ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------33
Table 8. Sub-basin wise number and type of water resources structures------------------------------------------------34
Table 9. Sub-basin wise number of ground water observation wells------------------------------------------------------43
Table 10. Hydrological observation sites of CWC-------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
Table 11. Meteorological stations--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------51
Table 12. Water tourism sites-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------55
List of Maps
Map 1. Index map-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 2(a). Satellite Imagery of cauvery basin---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 2(b). Cauvery Basin- Drainage & Sub-basin----------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 3. Elevation zones------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 4. Annual average rainfall -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 5. Land use/land cover(2005-06)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 6. Soil texture------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 7. Soil erosion------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 8. Soil slope --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 9. Soil productivity------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 10. Agro-climatic zones-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 11. Agro-ecological zones---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 12. Population density-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 13 (a). Cauvery Lower Sub-basin and watersheds--------------------------------------------------------------------Map 13 (b). Cauvery Middle Sub-basin and watersheds------------------------------------------------------------------Map 13 (c). Cauvery Upper Sub-basin and watersheds--------------------------------------------------------------------Map 14. Major water resources structures and projects------------------------------------------------------------------Map 15 (a). Cauvery Upper Sub basin water resources assets-----------------------------------------------------------Map 15 (b). Cauvery Middle Sub basin water resources assets---------------------------------------------------------Map 15 (c). Cauvery Lower Sub basin water resources assets ----------------------------------------------------------Map 16. Command area and canal network ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 17. Location of ground water observation wells----------------------------------------------------------------------Map 18. Ground water level fluctuation (Recharge)------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 19. Ground water level fluctuation (Draft)-----------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 20. Litholog well locations--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 21. Hydro observation stations-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 22. Inter basin transfer links ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Map 23. Water tourism sites------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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10
15
17
18
19
20
22
23
25
28
29
30
35
37
38
39
41
44
46
47
49
50
54
56
List of Figures
Figure 1. State wise basin area--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 2. Monthly average temperature (1969-2004)--------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 3. Trend of average rainfall (1971-2004)----------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 4. Sub-basins and per cent drainage area---------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 5. Type and number of water bodies---------------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 6. Dam classification based on storage------------------------------------------------------------------------------Figure 7. Dam classification based on purpose------------------------------------------------------------------------------
6
11
12
26
32
36
36
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1. Introduction
1.1 Overview of basin
The Cauvery basin extends over states of Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala and Union Territory of
Puducherry, draining an area of 85,626.23 Sq.km (GIS Calculated as per India-WRIS Database) which
is nearly 2.7% of the total geographical area of the country with a maximum length and width of
about 560 km and 245 km, respectively. Out of this, 42% area lies in Karnataka, 54% area in Tamil
Nadu & Karaikkal region of Puducherry and 4% in Kerala (Figure 1). It falls in peninsular India and lies
between 7527E to 7954E and 109N to 1330N as shown in Map 1. The salient features for the
basin are described in Table 1. It is bounded by the Western Ghats on the west, by the Eastern Ghats
on the east and south and by the ridges separating it from Krishna basin and Pennar basin on the
north. The three main physiographic division of the basin are the Western Ghats, the plateau of
Mysore and the Delta. The Western Ghat region is mountainous and covered with thick vegetation.
56 m resolution False Colour Composite AWiFS satellite imagery of the Cauvery basin is shown in
Map 2(a). The plateau of Mysore with an average elevation of 750 m slopes gently towards the
east/south-east (Source: Report of the Irrigation Commission, 1972, Vol.III). The delta is the most
fertile tract in the basin and covers some portion of Tamil Nadu and is eminently suited for intensive
cultivation.
The Cauvery River is one of the major rivers of the peninsular India. It rises at an elevation of 1,341
m at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range near Cherangala village of Kodagu district of Karnataka and
drains into the Bay of Bengal. The total length of the river from origin to outfall is around 800 km. In
size, it is smaller than the Godavari, the Mahanadi and the Krishna. Its important tributaries joining
from left are the Harangi, the Hemavati, the Shimsha and the Arkavati whereas the Lakshmantirtha,
the Kabbani, the Suvarnavati, the Bhavani, the Noyil and the Amaravati join from right. The utilizable
surface water resource for the basin is 19 BCM. The Average Annual Runoff and Average Annual
Water Potential in the basin are same as 21.36 BCM. The major part of basin is covered with
agricultural land accounting to 66.21% of the total area and 20.50 % of the basin is covered by forest
area. The basin spreads over three sub-basins and thirty six parliamentary constituencies (2009)
comprising eighteen of Tamil Nadu, eleven of Karnataka, three of Kerala and one of Puducherry
(Map 2(b)). These comprises of a total population of 3,18,89,280 spread across the basin area.
Map 1. Index map
Map 2(a).Satellite Imagery of Cauvery Basin
Map 2(b). Cauvery Basin- Drainage & Sub-basin
Table 1. Salient features of the basin
Sl. No.
Features
Basin Extent
2
3
Area (Sq.km)
States in the basin
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
Districts (Census 2011)

Parliamentary constituencies (2009)
Mean Annual Rainfall (mm)
Mean Maximum Temperature (o C)
Mean Minimum Temperature (o C)
Total population
Number of villages
Highest elevation (m)
Avg. Annual water potential (BCM)
Utilizable surface water (BCM)
Number of sub-basins
Number of watersheds
Number of water resources structures
17
18
19
20
21
Highest dam
Longest dam
Highest barrage
Longest barrage
Number of irrigation projects
22
23
24
25
Number of hydro-electric projects

Number of ground water observation wells
Number of hydro-observation sites
Water tourism sites
*GIS based calculated area-85,626.23
Description
75 27' to 79 54' E,
10 9' to 13 30' N
81,155*
Tamil Nadu and Puducherry (54 %),
Karnataka (42 %) and Kerala (4%)
34
36
1075.23
34.31
17.15
3,18,89,280
14,635
2629
21.36
19
3
132
Dams-96
Barrages -10
Weir/Anicuts-16
Lifts-9
Power House-24
Pillur Dam - 88 m
Lower Bhavani Dam- 8.797 km
Kolar barrage-18 m
Nerunjipettai Barrage-1.478 km
Major-16
Medium-42
ERM-3
15
873
36
60
(Source: As per available India-WRIS record)
Figure 1.State wise basin area
1.2 Topography
It is bounded on the west by the Western Ghats, on the east and south by the Eastern Ghats and on
the north by the ridges separating it from the Tungabhadra and Pennar basins. The elevation
variation of the basin is depicted in Table 2. The maximum elevation about 2000-3000m is observed
in 1% of the total geographical area of the basin. Around 32% of the basin area falls under the 7501000 m elevation zone (Source: SRTM 90 m). The elevation zones are shown in Map 3.
At Shivanasamudram, the river branches off into two parts and falls through a height of 91 m. in a
series of falls and rapids. The falls at this point is utilised for power generation.The power station at
Shivanasamudram was built as early as 1902.The two branches of the river join after the fall and
flow through a wide gorge which is known as "Mekedatu"(Goats leap) and continues its journey to
form the boundary between Karnataka and Tamil Nadu States for a distance of 64 kms. At
Hogennekkal Falls, it takes southernly direction and enters the Mettur Reservoir which was
constructed in 1934. A tributary called Bhavani joins Cauvery on the Right bank about 45 kms below
Mettur Reservoir.Thereafter it takes Easternly course to enter the plains of Tamilnadu. Two more
tributaries Noyil and Amaravathi join on the right bank and here the river widens with sandy bed and
flows as "Akhanda Cauvery".
The hills forming the Western limits of the basin extend from the past Bisley Ghat" to the "Jenkle
Betta" and includes peaks like "Puspagiri" or "Subramanya" close to the South-West border rising to
a height of 1715 m. Besides Jenkle Betta at 1389 m, Devara Betta which raises to upto a height of
1282 m and Murukanagudda at 1300 m. Also Indra Betta in Hassan district is 1020 m high and is
noted for 52 feet colossal statue of "Gommateshwara" on its summit. The Melkote range forms a
series of conspicuous hills marked by trignometrical status (Melokota peak) and these are composed
of pink to light grey granite gneisses. Intruding all the rocks are several felsites and porphyry dykes.
The porphyry dykes are situated in the neighbourhood of Mysore city. The delta area in Tamil Nadu
is underlain by formation of Quaternary, Tertiary and Cretaceous age rocks.
The region is chiefly underlain by the Archaean Proterozoic crystalline rocks which constitute
gneisses, charnockites and granites and is covered by quaternary sediments towards the coast. The
river basin falls within two major terrains with its head waters flowing through a greenstone- granite
terrain (Dharwar Craton) in the north and a granulite terrain in the south. These two terrains are
separated by a transition zone of granitic rocks with inclusions of a schist belt towards the north and
charnockites and pyroxene granulites and high grade amphibolite assemblages in the south. The
quaternary sediments are basically fluvial sediments, middle Holocene beach ridges and late
Holocene dune sands. The area is criss crossed by a number of distributaries of the river Cauvery and
few man made channels which bring sediments in to the coastal region. The transition of
geomorphology in this basin is attributed to active faulting, seen together with shift from stable to
an uplifting region with the change in crustal rheology from a cold Archaean cratonic region to a
hotter crust of Pan-African thermal age.
Table 2. Elevation zones
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Elevation (m)
<5
5-10
10-50
50-100
100-200
200-300
300-400
400-500
500-750
750-1000
1000-1500
1500-2000
2000-3000
Area (Sq. km.) Percentage of Total Area

2058.03
2.54
1444.14
1.78
4120.77
5.08
3297.20
4.06
7202.59
8.88
8903.69
10.97
6957.78
8.57
2837.79
3.50
12718.66
15.67
25890.97
31.90
3938.50
4.85
975.24
1.20
809.63
1.00
*(Note: Based on SRTM DEM)
Map 3. Elevation zones
1.3 Climate
Climate is a measure of the average pattern of variation in temperature, humidity, atmospheric
pressure, wind, precipitation, atmospheric particle count and other meteorological variables in a
given region over long periods of time. Climate is different than weather, in that weather only
describes the short-term conditions of these variables in a given region.
In the Cauvery basin, four distinct seasons occur. They are Winter, Summer, South-West Monsoon,
and North-East Monsoon. The climate at the basin level generally remains dry except from monsoon
months. There is a considerable variation in the mean daily maximum and minimum temperatures
across the basin. in the cold season, the Western Ghat is cooler than the rest of the basin and the
climate is generally pleasant. In the hot weather season, the Central, Northern and Eastern regions
are hotter than the Western most parts.
The South-West monsoon sets by middle of June and ends by middle of September. During this
season the basin receives major part of its total annual rainfall. The North-East monsoon is from
October to December and is important particularly for the Eastern part of the basin.
However, around 44 blocks of 10 districts falling in the basin are drought prone (Source: Drought
Prone Areas Program, DPAP, MoRD, 2002).
1.3.1 Rainfall
There are many rain gauge stations inside the basin. The rainfall in the basin varies from region to
region. The normal annual rainfall in Kerala region is about 2400 mm. In the Western Ghats it ranges
from 1700 mm to 3800 mm. In Karnataka for the Cauvery basin, the average rainfall is between 600
mm to 800 mm resulting into semi-arid condition. In Tamil Nadu, under the cauvery basin the
average rainfall is low ranging from 500 mm to 1000 mm and is semi-arid. In general, the highest
rainfall in the Cauvery basin usually occur in July or early August and the mean annual rainfall is
around 1075.23 mm.
The basin is mainly influenced by South-West monsoon in the Karnataka & Kerala and North-East
monsoon in Tamil Nadu. Most of the parts in Tamil Nadu receive rainfall from the North-East
Monsoon. Rainfall in the delta area is of the order of 1000 mm annually. In the coastal areas the
highest rainfall months are October, November and December, while further inland the peak
monthly rainfall is early October. This pattern of rainfall is conductive to a fairly high flow during the
irrigation season from June to January, except for a short period of about six weeks when there is a
break in the monsoon. While the South-West monsoon supply is copious and dependable, the
North-East monsoon supply is irregular and subject to frequent failure. Map 4 represents 10 x 10
average annual rainfall of past 35 year (1971-2004).
Map 4. Annual average rainfall
10
1.3.2 Temperature
The basin has a tropical and sub-tropical climate. In the Upper reaches (i.e., Kerala and Karnataka),
the variation in temperature is very small. The mean monthly temperature over the basin varies
from 22.98 C to 28.43 C (Figure 2). The northern portions of the basin experience lower
temperatures than the southern. In the monsoon and post-monsoon seasons, temperatures are
moderate and in the range of 25 C to 27.5 C. April is generally the hottest month of the summer
with mean monthly maximum temperature of 34.31 C. January is the coldest month with mean
minimum temperature of 17.15 C. The monthly average mean temperature (1971-2004) is 25.75 C.
Temperatures are higher in the plains (lower reaches) than in the hills (upper reaches). The mean
temperature (Mean of Max. and Min.) in Kerala is below 20C and in Karnataka it ranges between
20C to 26C. The mean temperature in Tamil Nadu is between 26 C to 30 C. The overall mean
maximum temperature for the cauvery basin is 30.56o C and mean minimum temperature is 20.210C.
Figure 2. Monthly average temperature (1969-2004)
1.3.3 Trends and variability

The complexities of the water systems in the Cauvery basin include simulation of sea water rise and
changes in precipitation in the South West and North East monsoon. Precipitation varies
considerably across the basin. The western side of the catchment mainly experiences the south-west
monsoon from June to September and the eastern side experiences North-East monsoon from
October to December.
Trends have been generated based on area weighted average method and regression analysis
techniques. Figure 3 represents spatial depiction of 10 x 10 average annual rainfall of 35 years (1971-
11
2004). The trend shows that there is significant change in rainfall across the basin. Looking at the
histogram for average annual rainfall general trend, the trend line shows there is a decrease in
rainfall amount since 1971 to 2014. Year 1975 appear highest annual rainfall of 1750 mm. The basin
experience lowest rainfall amount to 700 mm in the year 2003.
Figure 3. Trend of annual rainfall (1971-2004)
12
1.4 Major rivers

The Cauvery River is biggest river in south India. It rises at Talakaveri on the Brahmagiri range in the
Western Ghats in Karnataka at an elevation of about 1341 m above mean sea level and flows for
about 800 km, before its outfall into the Bay of Bengal. The Cauvery river system consists of 21
principal tributaries each with catchment area around 250 sq. km.
The river Bhavani is one of the largest and the second longest river in the basin rises in Kerala and
Karnataka but lies mostly in Tamil Nadu. The longest tributary, the Hemavathi (233 km) is the fifth
largest river in catchment area and lies wholly in Karnataka. It rises in the Western ghats and runs
South-East. After a stream from the West joins it, it turns East, receiving the Yagachi from the North.
It then winds round Holenarasipur and runs South to the Cauvery near Yedatore. The Kabini river is
an important tributary of the Cauvery. It is a perennial river, 150 to 200 m. wide and has a course of
about 240 kms. It rises in the Western ghats in North Wynad in Kerala State as two streams i.e. the
Mannantoddypuzha and Panamarampuzha. About 16 kms. below their confluence, the Kabini forms
border between Kerala and Karnataka for about 12 kms. before entering Karnataka state. It joins the
Cauvery at Tirumakudalu Narasipur (T.N.Pur) and this confluence point is being considered as a spot
of great sanctity. The confluence point is also called as Triveni Sangama. The Bhavani is a
picturesque perennial river of South India, rising in Attappadi valley in Kerala. It enters Tamilnadu
near Mannar and traverses from West to East for 234 kms. and joins the Cauvery near Bhavani
Town. It principally receives runoff from the South-West monsoon and occasional floods during
North-East Monsoon. From the point of view of flow contribution to the system, apart from the head
reach of the Cauvery main, the most important tributaries are Amravati, Hemavathi, Kabini, Noyil
and Bhavani. All the distributaries in the region are non-perennial and flow is mainly due to Cauvery
water release during June to January. No considerable flow occurs due to South-West monsoon and
for most of the months in the year, the flow available are the regulated flows from upper regulators
maintained by Tamil Nadu. The total length of the river Cauvery from the head to its outfall into the
sea comprises a length of 320 km in Karnataka 416 km in Tamil Nadu and remaining length of 64 km
forms the common boundary between states of Karnataka and Tamil Nadu (Table 3).
Table 3. Length of major rivers
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
River Name
Cauvery River
Amaravati River
Arkavati River
Bhavani River
Hemavati River
Kabini or Kapila River
Lakshmantirtha River
Noyil River
Perum Pallam
Shimsha River
Length (km)
825.10
215.15
169.82
234.98
233.63
237.61
148.82
181.49
197.32
204.23
*(As per available India-WRIS record)
1.5 Land use/land cover

The spatial distribution of land use/land cover (2005-2006) was carried by LISS-III data of Cauvery
basin and is shown in Map 5. It is found that nearly 21 land use/land cover classes exist in the basin.
Agricultural land is dominant in this basin having an area of 53736.30 sq. km. (66.21%) followed by
13
16636.66 sq. km. of forest area (20.50%). The built up area is 4.01% which comprises of 3256.37
sq.km of the total area of the basin. 3133.94 sq. km. wastelands are there in this basin comprising
3.86% of the total basin area (Table 4). The second level categories of land use/land cover in the
basin are fallow land, scrub land, scrub forest, river/stream/canal, rural, urban mining,
swamp/mangrove, etc.
Its vast fertile alluvial tracts and low hills with suitable climatic condition offer excellent condition for
utilization of land for different uses. The land use pattern of the basin witnessed a change in last few
decades. The fast growing population aided with the modern technology lead to rapid change in the
land use pattern of the basin. The effects such an unwise change is well reflected in the forms of
ecological imbalance and land degradation through soil erosion. The forest area has been decreasing
due to the encroachment for agricultural. The horizontal growth of settlement in the last few
decades due the rapid growth of population and the resultant growth of other developmental
activities also leading to a slow but continual change to the land use pattern at different scale.
There are mainly three crop seasons in the basin viz. kharif, rabi and summer. The kharif crops are
paddy, bajra, jowar, maize, ragi, cotton, millets etc. Paddy is the most important crop in this basin,
whereas Ragi, Jawar and other millets constitute the important crops under rainfed conditions.
Coconut, betel leaves, pepper, oranges and lemon are grown as horticulture crops throughout the
year. The main forest products are sandalwood, bamboo, teak, eucalyptus, blue gum and wattle etc.
Table 4. Land use/ land cover statistics (2005-06)
S.no.
Category
1
2
3
4
5
6
Built Up Land
Agricultural
Forest
Grassland
Wasteland
Waterbodies
Area (Sq.km)
3256.37
53736.30
16636.66
1075.80
3133.94
3315.92
Percentage of
Total Area
4.01
66.21
20.50
1.33
3.86
4.09
14
Map 5. Land use/land cover (2005-06)

15
1.6 Soils
Soil is composed of minerals, mixed with some organic matter, which differ from its parent
materials in terms of its texture, structure, consistency, colour, chemical, biological and other
characteristics. Information on the soil profile is also required for simulating the hydrological
character of the basin. The principal soil types found in the basin are clay, loamy clay, sandy clay,
silty clay, loamy sand, sand, loam, sill loam, silt, sandy loam and rocky. The soil productivity of the
basin is categorized into highly productive, low productive, non-productive and moderately
productive. The soil in the basin is classified into moderate, slight and severe and the major soil
slope classes are gently, steep, moderately and nearly leveled.
The highly productive and fertile soils of the basin are now facing the serious problem of soil erosion
like other parts of the country. Under heavy precipitation and humid climate loss of top soil through
surface run-off is the most common type of soil erosion in the entire basin. The delta area is the
most fertile tract in the basin. The principal soil types found in the basin are black soils, red soils,
laterites, alluvial soils, forest soils and mixed soils. Red soils occupy large areas in the basin. Alluvial
soils are found in the delta areas of Cauvery which is the most important agricultural tract in the
basin. In addition to the distinct soil types described above, combinations of these types such as
mixed red and black soils, etc. also occur.
The main soil types based on texture, erosion, productivity and slope are spatially depicted. About
82.87% falls under moderately shallow to deep (>50 cm) followed by 11.76% extremely shallow (<10
cm) based on the depth of the soil. Based on soil texture, maximum area falls under fine texture
(68.01%) followed by medium texture (17.90%) as shown in Map.6. Soil erosion is a problem in this
basin since 211357.95 ha area comes under very severe erosion activity comprising of 2.50% of the
total basin area. 1512659.84 ha (17.93%) area comes under severe condition and about 50.33% area
of the basin which constitutes 4246760.29 ha have moderate erosion as shown in Map 7. Major
portion of the basin is having gentle slope accounting to 66.60% followed by 12.17% having steeply
sloped as shown in Map 8. Soil productivity ranges from highly productive to non-productive area
i.e., 26.54% and 13.41% of the basin respectively as shown in Map 9.
16
Map 6. Soil texture

17
Map 7. Soil Erosion

18
Map 8. Soil slope

19
Map 9. Soil productivity

20
1.7 Agro-climatic zones

The agro-climatic classification is an extension of the climate classification keeping in view the
suitability for agriculture. For resource development, the country has been broadly divided into 15
agricultural regions based on agro climatic features, particularly soil type, climate including
temperature and rainfall and its variation and water resources availability.
There are basically three zones falling in Cauvery basin which includes west coast plains and ghat
region, east coast plain and hill region and southern plateau and hills region (Map 10).
Out of these, large portion of the basin falls in southern plateau and hills region which is suitable for
cultivation of variety of crops. The climatic pattern of this basin is characterized by the moderate
rainfall, forest cover and soil erosion. This agro-climatic zone is also important for improvement of
cropping systems, development of land and water resources, animal husbandry and fisheries
activities, each one having special characteristics of its own. The main characteristics of the agroclimatic zones of the basin are describes below:
Southern Plateau and Hills Region: The maximum part of the basin is covered by this region and
comprises of southern part of Karnataka, the central parts of Tamil Nadu falling, parts of Kerala in
the basin, which are typically semi-arid zones.
East Coast Plains & Hills Region: This region covers small area of Tamil Nadu falling in the basin. In
this region soils are mainly alluvial and coastal sands and Irrigation is done through canals and tanks.
West Coast Plains and Ghat Region: The minimum part of the basin is covered by this region
comprising of hilly area of Karnataka, Kerala and Tamil Nadu. Variety of crop patterns, rainfall and
soil types exist in the zone.
1.8 Agro-ecological zones

India has a variety of landscapes and climate conditions and this is reflected in the development of
different soils and types of vegetation. Based on 50 years of climate data and an up-to-date soil
database, the country has been divided into 20 agro-ecological zones (AEZs). Each AEZ is as uniform
as possible in terms of physiography, climate, length of growing period and soil type for macrolevel
land-use planning and effective transfer of technology.
The basin is divided into three agro ecological zones mainly hot humid pre-humid eco-region with
red, lateritic and alluvium derived soils suitable for cultivation of paddy, tapioca, coconut, spices; hot
sub humid to semi-arid eco-region with coastal alluvium derived soils having crop intensity of paddy,
coconut, black gram, lentil, sunflower and groundnut and hot semi-arid eco-region with red loamy
soil giving fertility to some of the major crops like millets, pulses, oilseeds(groundnut), sugarcane
and paddy as shown in Map 11. Large portion of the basin area comprises of red loamy soil which
comes under semi-arid eco-region.
21
Map 10. Agro-climatic zones
22
Map 11. Agro-ecological zones
23
1.9 Demography
Demographics are the quantifiable statistics of a given population. Demographics are also used to
identify the study of quantifiable subsets within a given population which characterize that
population at a specific point in time. Demographic data is used widely in public opinion polling and
marketing. Commonly examined demographics include gender, age, ethnicity, knowledge of
languages, disabilities, mobility, home ownership, employment status, and even location. The
administrative & demographic details of cauvery basin are listed in the Annexure-I.
A major factor affecting forest cover is the growth of human populations throughout the cauveri
region and the growing pressure that additional people place on the regions forests. While
urbanization has been growing rapidly over the past few decades at a rate, in many states of the
basin, the rural population has also been expanding by a fast rate. The increasing population and
population density trends are reflected in the per capita availability of forestland. This reflects the
combined impact of population growth and forestland loss. The decadal growth rate has shown a
sharp decline in this zone to 11.19% from 17.25% compared to all India decadal growth of 21.34%
during 19912001. The literacy rate has improved to 73.47%, 65.38% and 67.07% in Tamil Nadu,
Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka respectively as against the national average of 65.38%.
The city of Bangalore is partly situated in the basin having a population density of 1500-5000.
Maximum numbers of districts are falling in the density range of 200-500. Important industries in the
basin include cotton textile industry in Coimbatore and Mysore, cement factories in Coimbatore and
Trichinapally and industries based on mineral and metals. The Salem steel plant and many
engineering industries in Coimbatore and Trichinapally are also situated in this basin. As per Census
data 2001, the total no. of villages falling in the Cauvery Middle Sub-basin is 8306, for Cauvery Upper
Sub-basin number of villages are 3339 and for Cauvery Lower Sub-basin it is 2990. The total
population in this basin is 3,18,89,280 and the district-wise population density in the basin is shown
in Map 12.
24
Map 12. Population density

25
2. Hydrological units
2.1 Sub-basins
Semi-automated approach for delineation of hydrological units (basin, sub-basin and watershed)
uses SRTM DEM, topo maps on 1:50000 scale, IRS P6 LISS IV & CARTOSAT-1 merged data, drainage
network, surface waterbodies, rail/road network and other ancillary data. Drainage divides from
contour/ridge lines are used to demarcate the boundary of hydrological units. The divide has been
marked where flow is in opposite directions. Knowledge of terrain as well as DEM is essential for
accurate demarcation of boundary. Hydrological boundary has been validated with reference to
contours and drainage network. Hydrological unit boundary cuts perpendicular to the contour lines
but it does not cross the drainage line at any location except its outlet. This approach is potentially
more objective, repeatable and cost-effective.
The Cauvery basin constitute of three sub-basins- Cauvery upper, Cauvery middle and Cauvery lower
sub-basin, as shown in Figure 4. Cauvery upper sub-basin covers an area of 10958.8 sq. km. and
consisting of 18 watersheds, Middle sub-basin having an area of 57280.98 sq. km and consisting of
86 watersheds and Lower sub-basin covering an area of 17386.45 sq. km. and consisting of 28
watersheds. The dependable yield for the basin is utilized under number of major, medium and
minor irrigation projects of the basin. Irrigation is being carried out in the area under these projects
viz., dams, barrages, diversion structures and other lift irrigation systems.
Figure 4. Sub-basins and Percent drainage area
26
2.2 Watersheds
Hydrological unit wise assessment of water resources is a prerequisite for its proper management as
it is fast becoming scarce in India. Sub-basins could be sub divided into smaller hydrological units
namely, watershed for water resources management at larger scale. Watershed is a natural
hydrological entity that covers a specific areal expanse of land surface from which rainfall flows to a
defined drain, channel, stream or river at any particular point. Watershed should be delineated
purely on the basis of hydrologic principles. Size of the watershed is governed by the size of stream
and its boundaries.
Three sub-basins have been further divided into 132 watersheds each of which represents a
different tributary system for size ranging from 362 km2 to 991 km2 with maximum number of
watersheds falling in Cauvery middle sub-basin. Maps depicting sub-basin wise watershed
distribution are shown in Map 13(a, b & c). Number of watersheds and the range of size for the subbasins are given in Table 5.
Table 5. Sub-basin wise watersheds
S.No.
1
2
3
Sub-basin
Area
(Sq. km.)
Cauvery Lower Sub-basin 17386.45
Cauvery Middle Sub-basin 57280.98
Cauvery Upper Sub-basin 10958.80
Size range of watersheds No. of Watersheds

(Sq. km.)
320.70-979.20
28
377.45-934.52
86
362.94-991.25
18
27
Map 13 (a). Cauvery Lower Sub-basin and watersheds

28
Map 13 (b). Cauvery Middle Sub-basin and watersheds

29
Map 13 (c). Cauvery Upper Sub-basin and watersheds

30
3. Surface water resources

3.1 Surface waterbodies
Surface waterbodies have traditionally played an important role in the basin,which is used for
irrigation, drinking water supply, ecology, tourism and other domestic uses. But waterbodies (total
number, capacity and quality) are decreasing day by day due to mainly siltation and disposal of
untreated waste in that waterbodies. The details of the surface water resources of the Cauvery basin
are listed in the Annexure-IV.
Surface waterbodies are impounded in the form of reservoirs, lakes, ponds, tanks, abandoned
quarry, aquaculture, cooling pond, lagoon and salt pan. A large scale inventory of surface
waterbodies is required in order to keep it healthy (both quantitatively and qualitatively) and
rejuvenate wherever necessary. The basin is blessed with optimal amount of rainfall. Storage of
water in pond both in the settlement and agricultural fields is the one water saving/storing strategy
of the local population of this basin. It is observed that there are sufficient number of ponds in this
region followed by lakes which is generally used for fish cultivation and agricultural activity. Several
large reservoirs of considerable size have also been constructed in the basin associated with the
dams and barrages. The major reservoirs in Cauvery basin are Krishnaraja Sagar, Mettur (Stanley),
Hemavathy, Kabini, Lower Bhavani and Grand Anicut. The details of different surface waterbodies
are shown in Figure 5.
Around 42642 waterbodies are present in the basin of varying size. No. of waterbodies covering an
area of 25 ha are about 41296 whereas 7 big waterbodies are there covering an area of more than
2500 ha. A detail of number of waterbodies according to their water spread area is given in Table 6.
Table 6. Number and size of waterbodies
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Size Range (Ha) No. of Waterbodies

0 - 25
41296
25 - 50
761
50 - 100
370
100 - 250
155
250 - 500
35
500 - 1000
11
1000 - 2500
7
More than 2500
7
Total
42642
31
Figure 5. Type and number of waterbodies
3.2 Water resource projects

Water resources schemes and projects are multi-disciplinary in nature and are implemented by
several departments and agencies of State Governments and various ministries/departments of
Central Government. Water resources projects are broadly categorized into irrigation projects and
hydroelectric projects. The water resources of the Cauvery basin are well developed. The issues of
water resources in the Cauvery are complex and include flood and drainage problems, lack of
freshwater, salinity intrusion of surface and ground water and over abstraction of ground water. The
sustainable management of water resources in the Cauvery Delta requires a wide range of different
approaches involving different sectors. Major water resources project in this basin are Hemavathy,
Kabini, Harangi, Votehole, Uduthorehalla and Karapuzha Irrigation Project. Annexure IV shows CCA
and UIP of some of the projects in the basin of major commands in the basin. During the plan period
many projects were taken up and completed.
3.2.1 Major and medium irrigation projects

There are about 29 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Karnataka and 25 Major and Medium
Irrigation Projects in Tamil Nadu. Besides the above, there are series of 10 masonry Anicuts
constructed across the main Cauvery River and some of its tributaries in Tamil Nadu. The areas
getting benefited from these channels in Karnataka lie mainly in Mysore, Mandya and Hassan
districts and to a small extent in Kodagu and Bangalore districts. Large areas in Tanjore and
Tiruchirapalli districts of Tamil Nadu are benefitted through the canal system taking off from Grand
Anicut and Upper Anicut.
32
Hemavathi Project: This project is located on the tributary named Hemavathi. It is mainly an
irrigation project. The gross and dead storage of the reservoir is 1050.63 MCM and 37.63 MCM
respectively. The total catchment area of the project is 2810 Sq km.
Harangi Project: This project is located on the river Harangi near the city of Somvarpet. It is a
multipurpose project having irrigation and power generation facilities. The total catchment area of
the reservoir is 419.58 Sq km. The gross and dead storage of the reservoir is 240.69 MCM and 12.09
MCM respectively.
Krishnaraj Sagar Irrigation Project: This project is located on the river Cauvery. The catchment area
of this reservoir is 10619 sq. km. The gross and dead storage of the reservoir is 1400.31 MCM and
124.62 MCM respectively. Mandya and Mysore districts are main beneficiary of this project.
Table 7. Number of water resources projects
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
Type of Projects
Number of Projects
Major Irrigation Projects
15
Medium Irrigation Projects
42
ERM Projects
3
Hydro-Electric Projects
15
Lift irrigation and ERM

Number of other Projects in the basin i.e. Lift Irrigation, HE Projects, Power House and ERM schemes
are shown in the Table7 & 8. Lift irrigation uses for agricultural in local scale were practiced in the
basin prior to the commencement of the major and medium irrigation schemes. At present, there
are nine Lift irrigation schemes namely Huchanakoppalu Lift Irrigation Scheme StageI & II,
Nanjapura Lift Irrigation Scheme, Kachnahalli Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - I & II & III, Kama
Samundra Lift Irrigation SchemeI & II , Banahalli Hundi Lift Irrigation Scheme were there in the
basin.
3.2.2. Hydro Electric Projects

There are 15 major hydroelectric projects having 24 power houses in the basin, Map 16 (a, b & c).
Some of the major projects are Kundah Hydroelectric Complex, Harangi Hydroelectric Project,
Seshadhri Iyer (Sivasamudram) Hydroelectric Project, Simshapura Hydroelectric project, Lower
Bhavani Hydroelectric Project, Mettur Hydroelectric Project etc. Some of the power houses situated
on these HE projects are given below:
Power house
Mettur Tunnel power House is surface type position, having 4 unit having 200 MW total installed
capacity. The Mettur Tunnel power house has 4 Penstocks, the dam has 212.14 Minimum Draw
Down Level. This power house is linked with Mettur hydroelectric Project.
Kundah - III power House position is surface type having 3 units having 180 MW total installed
capacity. The Kundah - III Power House has 3 Penstocks, the dam has 834.86 Minimum Draw Down
Level.
Kundah - IV Power House Project power House position is Dam Toe type having 2 unit having 100
MW total installed capacity. It has 2 Penstocks, the dam has 396.25 Minimum Draw Down Level.
33
Pykara Ultimate (Pushe) Project power House position is Under Ground type having 3 unit having
150 MW total installed capacity. It has 1964 Minimum Draw Down Level.
Extension, Renovation and Modernisation (ERM) of 3 irrigation projects in the Cauvery Basin is on
going, this include The Modernisation of Krishnaraja-sagar Canal and Dr.D. Urs. Canal both are
ongoing project in the districts of Mandya and Mysore. This project proposed for the purpose of
irrigation and water resource management. New Kattalai High Level Canal is a useful ERM project
benefitting the districts of thanjavur, thiruchirapalli for the purpose of irrigation.
3.2.3. Dams, Barrages/Weirs/Anicuts

Water resources structures are manmade structures to store/divert the water for hydropower,
irrigation, drinking water supply etc. At present, there are many structures used for irrigation and
hydro-electric purposes. Some of them include Pillur Dam, Kolar barrage, Lower Bhavani Dam and
Nerunjipettai Barrage, Upper Bhavani Weir, Lower Colleron Anicut, etc. The number of dams based
on storage is shown in Figure 6 and dams based on purpose are shown in Figure 7. The salient
features of these structures are given below:
Pillur Dam: This dam is the highest in the basin with a maximum height of 88m and is located on the
river Bhavani. The catchment area of this reservoir is 1191 sq. km. The gross and live storage of the
reservoir is 44.4 MCM and 34.97 MCM respectively.
Lower Bhavani Dam: This dam is the longest in the basin with a maximum length of 8.79 km and is
located on the river Bhavani. The catchment area of this reservoir is 4200 sq. km. The gross and live
storage of the reservoir is 929 MCM and 908 MCM respectively.
Kabini Dam: This dam is located on the river Kabini. It is a multipurpose project having irrigation and
power generation facilities. This project has 20 MW power capacity. The catchment area of this
reservoir is 2142 sq. km. The gross and dead storage of the reservoir is 552.74 MCM and 99.675
MCM respectively.
Mettur Dam: This dam is located on the river Cauvery in Tamil Nadu State. It is a multipurpose dam
having irrigation and Hydro-electric facilities. This project has 240 MW power capacities. The
catchment area of this reservoir is 42217 sq. km. The gross storage of the reservoir is 2708.79 MCM.
Grand Anicut: This Anicut is used for Cauvery Delta Irrigation Project. The catchment area of this
project is 7.40 Th Ha. The length of anicut is around 329 m. Numbers of water resources structures
are given in Table No.7 and the spatial distribution of these structures are given in Map 14.
Table 8. Sub-basin wise number and type of water resources structures
Sl. No.
Sub-basin
Dams Barrages Weirs Anicuts Lifts Power Houses
1
Cauvery Lower Sub-basin
2
0
1
3
0
0
2
Cauvery Middle Sub-basin
85
10
3
9
2
23
3
Cauvery Upper Sub-basin
9
0
0
0
7
1
34
Map 14. Major water resources structures and projects
35
Figure 6. Dam classification based on storage
Figure 7. Dam classification based on purpose
36
Map 15(a). Cauvery Upper Sub-basin water resources assets

37
Map 15(b). Cauvery Middle Sub-basin water resources asset

38
Map 15(c). Cauvery Lower Sub-basin water resources

39
3.3.4. Command area and canals network

Canals are man-made channels for conveyance of water. When the water is to be transported across
landscape to deliver the water to the respective command areas by canal network, construction of
various irrigation structures are necessary to negotiate terrain including drains, road, rail lines.
Important irrigation structures are Regulators, Bridge, Aqueduct / Syphon Aqueduct, Super passage /
Syphon, Level crossing / Inlets and Outlets, and Other Cross drainage Structures. Distributary head
regulators control the supply to an off taking channel from the parent channel.
In Cauvery basin there are few completed and ongoing major irrigation projects. Cauvery delta major
irrigation project, Hemavathi major irrigation project, Cauvery Mettur major irrigation project,
Parambikulam Aliyar major irrigation project, Krishnaraj Sagar major irrigation project and Harangi
major irrigation project which is an ongoing project are those major projects having considerable
command area falling within the cauvery Basin. Map 15 is showing the major and medium command
area map of cauvery Basin. All the major command areas of the Cauvery basin are irrigated by
constructing diversion structures like weir and barrage.
The cauvery basin has the largest irrigation canal system in the Tamil Nadu plain. The Grand Anicut
canal irrigation covered land in Mannargudi and Arantangi taluks (Thanjavur). Further down the
Kattalai High level scheme, taking off from the head sluice above Kattalai bed regulator, benefits in
Thanjavur and Tiruchchirappalli district. The Pullambadi canal also irrigates part of the Cauvery
basin. The Baipar and Chittar along with the Tambraparani irrigate a considerable area in
Ramanathapuram and Tirunelveli districts.
Yagachi is an ongoing major Irrigation Project of Karnataka having considerable command area
benefitting the district of Hassan. Yagachi major irrigation project have a culturable command area
of around 21.25 th ha and an ultimate irrigation potential of 21.45 th ha providing support to a large
portion of the area for irrigation.
The Cauvery delta major irrigation project falling in the basins of Cauvery and east flowing region
from Pennar to Kanyakumari has an ultimate irrigation potential of 504.64 th ha and a largest
culturable command area of 368 th ha in this basin assisting large area of irrigation in the districts of
Thanjavur and Karaikal.
Hemavathy major irrigation project with culturable command area of 283.58 th ha and ultimate
irrigation potential of 283.60 th ha is also an important project of the basin providing valuable profit
to the districts of Hassan, Mandya, Tumkur.
Cauvery Mettur Major Irrigation Project is an important project of Tamil Nadu with some related
structure like grand anicut and mettur da associated to it. It provides an ultimate irrigation potential
of 111.70 th ha and covering a culturable command area of 103.60 th ha benefitting the districts of
Thanjavur, Pudukkottai.
A study was carried out jointly by CWC & ISRO to assess the existing status of the irrigation
commands. IRS P4 LISS III data of two different seasons namely, pre monsoon (2005) and post
monsoon (2004) were used for delineation of waterlogged and salt affected areas of major and
medium irrigation commands of the basin. Total waterlogged area within these occupies 21969.33
ha whereas salt affected area has been extended to 14038.85 ha.
40
Map 16. Command area and canal network
41
3.3.5. Multipurpose projects

Cauvery Basin is gifted with number of rivers and other water resources so the utilization of them
has been taken cautiously and precisely. There are four multipurpose projects going on in this basin.
The Harangi Multi Purpose Project is one of the major project of cauvery basin having gross storage
capacity of 240.7 MCM and Live storage capacity of 228.6 MCM. The project is used for power
generation as well as irrigation purposes. The other important multi-purpose projects in the basin
are Kabini, Bhavani sagar, Mettur multipurpose projects serving the basin with its purposes.
3.3.6. Interstate projects

There is one major Interstate project in the basin - Cauvery Delta interstate project falling in Tamil
Nadu and Puducherry states. This project is is benefitting a large population for irrigation purposes
in both the states.
42
4. Ground water resources

4.1 Ground water observation wells
Water is essential to sustain agricultural growth and productivity. Ground water is the water below
the surface of the earth that occurs in soil pores and in cracks and fissures in rocks. Typically, ground
water is liquid flowing water but the definition also includes soil moisture, perma-frost (frozen soil)
and water trapped in very low permeability bed rocks. A unit of rock containing a usable amount of
water is termed as an aquifer. Ground water is refurbished from the surface and eventually flows
back to the surface in the form of springs or oases. The occurrence of ground water generally
depends upon the rainfall, drainage, topography and the geological conditions of the area.
Ground water plays a key role in meeting the water needs of various user-sectors ranging from
agriculture to domestic as well as commercial use. In the Cauvery Lower Sub-basin there are 146
ground water observation wells whereas in Cauvery Middle Sub-basin there are 612 observation
wells located and Cauvery upper basin comprises of 115 observation wells which are depicted in the
Table 9 and spatially shown in the Map 17. These observation wells are equally distribute in the
entire basin.
The ground water occurs in the weathered gneisses, granites and in joints, fractures and shear zones
of fresh rocks. The yield of wells in these rocks varies from place to place depending on various
factors like the nature of the rocks, the amount and depth of weathering, joint patterns etc. Water
can be tapped in Archaean rocks generally ranged in depth from 6 to 21 m and sometimes to 27 m.
depths to water level in these rocks range between 4.5 and 4.0 m below the ground water. Up the
slope towards north westerly direction, there is lesser and lesser ground water being used for
domestic, industrial and other uses.
Ground water is also often withdrawn for agricultural, municipal and industrial use by constructing
and operating extraction wells. The dependability of ground water is further increased by the vagary
of monsoon as well as poor intensity of rainfall in the delta. This situation had put people to lots of
hardships affecting even the drinking water supply in addition to agricultural instability.Ground
water is used for mainly two purposes at large scale in the basin which includes Drinking and
Irrigation.
Table 9. Sub-basin wise number of ground water observation wells
Sl. No.
Sub-basin
1
2
3

No. of Observation Wells

146
612
115
43
Map 17. Location of ground water observation wells

44
4.2 Ground water level fluctuation

The occurrence of ground water generally depends upon the rainfall, drainage, topography and the
geological conditions of the area. Ground water fluctuation in the Cauvery basin is assessed for
recharge and draft conditions based on the available ground water level in four different seasons.
Ground water recharge is estimated by the difference in ground water level between pre and post
monsoon seasons. Similarly, groundwater draft is estimated by the difference between postmonsoon and post-monsoon (rabi) seasons data. Interpolated maps for ground water recharge and
irrigation draft (rabi) are prepared based on the available ground water fluctuation data in the basin.
Any phenomenon, which produces pressure change within an aquifer, results into the change of
ground water level (source: http://drsksingh.tripod.com/gwlevel.htm). These changes in ground
water level can be a result of changes in storage, amount of discharge and recharge, variation of
stream stages and evaporation. External loads such as tides, trains, atmospheric pressure and
earthquake are born in part by the ground water of confined aquifers. Hence they affect peizometric
levels. The general consideration is that due to any reason if the aquifer pressure raises above the
atmospheric pressure an upleveling in ground water level results and vice- versa.
Water table undergoes a seasonal fluctuation following a natural cycle (source:
http://www.indiawaterportal.org). Water table rises during rainy season due to recharge received
from rainfall and falls back during summer season due to lack of recharge and continuing extraction
of ground water. In geohydrology, the highest water level is referred to as the post-monsoon water
level and the lowest level in summer as pre-monsoon water level. The difference between highest
water level value and lowest water level value is termed as fluctuation in ground water level; this
value can be positive as well as negative depending upon various factors.
In general ground water level in major part of the basin falls between 10 to 20 m bgl, however, in
Cauvery delta the water level is less than 10 m bgl during pre-monsoon in year 2009. The ground
water level fluctuation maps (2011) shows that there is a fall of <2m ,fall 2-4 m, fall>4m at different
places in the Cauvery basin while at some places there is positive change in water level fluctuation
(recharge) ranging from 2 to 4 m. The rise in water level is maximum in Cauvery lower sub-basin. The
water fluctuation due to draft is positive in major part of Cauvery middle sub-basin as well in
Cauvery lower sub-basin while in Cauvery upper sub-basin fall is noticed in the range from 2 to 4 m
depending on terrain. The fluctuation due to recharge and draft in the Cauvery basin is shown in the
given below Map 18 & 19 respectively.
45
Map 18. Ground water level fluctuation (Recharge)

46
Map 19. Ground water level fluctuation (Draft)

47
4.3 Litholog well locations

An aquifer is an underground layer of water-bearing permeable rock or unconsolidated materials
(gravel, sand, or silt) from which ground water can be extracted using a dug well or borewell.
Related terms include aquitard, which is a bed of low permeability along an aquifer and
aquiclude (or aquifuge), which is a solid, impermeable area underlying or overlying an aquifer. If the
impermeable layer overlies the aquifer layer, pressure could cause it to become a confined aquifer.
Aquifers may occur at various depths(source: http://www.ijsciences.com/pub/pdf/V220130908.pdf).
Those closer to the surface are not only more likely to be used for water supply and irrigation, but
are also more likely to be tapped up by the local rainfall. Alluvium, sandstone, loose sand/gravel etc
are the better aquifer material. In hard rock area; fracture/lineament plays an important role in
identifying ground water potential areas. The information on the aquifer material, depth and
thickness of the aquifer layers in a basin can be analysed based on the available lithlog information.
There are 354 litholog well locations exists in whole basin (as per available records) out of which 145
well locations fall in Cauvery Lower sub-basin while 210 well locations fall in Cauvery middle subbasin. The litholog well locations is listed under, Annexure V under the heading Inventory of litholog
well locations.
The major lithology groups found in the basin are granite gneiss, biotite gneiss, sand with clay and
sandstone, sand clay gravel and sandstone etc. Major rock group encountered in basin is Crystalline
Rocks (Archaean-Pre-Cambrian) and Semi-Consolidated Sediments (Carboniferous-Pliocene and
other ages). The well type which is used for lithological studies with their locations in the basin is
shown in the Map 20.
48
Map 20. Litholog well locations

49
5. Hydro-met observations
Map 21. Hydro observation stations

50
5.1 Hydrological observation sites

Hydrological observation in the basin is carried out by the Central and State Governments. The
information about various hydrological observation parameters such as gauge (river water level),
discharge (amount of water released from a cross section in the river in a given time period) and
sediment (concentration of solid particles in water) are released time to time by observing stations
of CWC. It has contributed substantially in the collection of hydrological data all over the Cauvery
basin. Being the apex national body for the development of surface water resources of the country,
CWC has established a network of hydrological observation stations across the entire river in this
basin. These stations are categorized as GDSQ, where the abbreviation stands as: G-Gauge, DDischarge, S-Sediment and Q-Water Quality. RF stands for rainfall measuring station.
The CWC maintains 36 gauge-discharge sites in the basin. These sites fall under Cauvery basin sub
zone and east coast sub zone. From some of these sites, sediment observations are also taken. The
Central Water Commission has 21 observation sites for Gauge Discharge Water Quality (GDQ), while
for Gauge Discharge Sediment and Water Quality (GDSQ) the numbers of observation sites are 15 as
shown in the Table 10. The data and observations recorded at these sites are used to understand the
river dynamics of the basin. There spatial distribution for the stations is shown in Map 21. The details
of the attributes related to these sites like Station Name, Station type, Independent river, status etc.
are listed in Annexure VI under heading Salient features of hydro-observation stations.
Table 10. Hydrological observation sites of CWC
Sl. No. Station Type Number of Stations

1
GDQ
21
2
GDSQ
15
5.2 Meteorological stations

The Hydro-meteorological data pertaining to the river basin is required for modelling the catchment.
These include daily rainfall, maximum and minimum temperature, solar radiation, relative humidity,
wind speed and others. There are three main organizations in our country which records
meteorological parameters viz., India Meteorological Department (IMD), Central Water Commission
(CWC) and ISRO (Automatic Weather Stations).CWC has established 35 Meteorological stations in
the basin. These stations are established to understand the relationship between meteorological
parameter and river dynamics. The basin has 183 Indian Meteorological stations (IMD). The
integrated approach of measuring meteorological parameter using Automated Weather Stations
(AWS) is helpful in the remote region. AWS stations require a minimum maintenance and the data is
generated on the temporal basis. These stations are maintained and data stored by the MOSDAC,
SAC Ahmedabad. Under the supervision of ISRO there are 63 AWS station established in the basin
(Table 11).
Table 11. Meteorological stations
Sl. No.
Organisation
Number of Stations
1
CWC Observation Stations
35
2
IMD Stations
183
3
ISRO AWS Stations
63
51
6. Water quality
6.1 Surface water quality observations
Surface water has played an important role in the development of human civilization. Good quality
water resources depends on a large number of physico-chemical parameters and the magnitude and
source of any pollution load; and to assess that, monitoring of these parameters is essential. Cauvery
and its tributaries are one of the main and important sources of water for a large population in basin
for drinking and irrigation and its quality directly affects their lives. Central Water Commission
operates 36 stations which carry out observations for testing the surface water quality with 68
water quality parameters, which are considered to be the Standard Hydrology Project Water Quality
Parameters.
All physical, chemical and biological water quality parameters are categorized further under sub
categories like field determinations, nutrients, organic matter, alkalinity, hardness, other inorganics,
major ions, coliforms and others. The ranges of water quality observed in Cauvery basin with respect
to pH, electrical conductivity, DO, BOD, COD, Total Coliform (TC) and Faecal Coliform (FC) are
presented as minimum, maximum and mean value to assess the extent of water quality variation
throughout the year. The untreated sewage waste and effluents of major towns situated along the
river also flow into the main stream of river and degrade its quality for use in irrigation and drinking
purposes.
6.2 Ground water quality observations

The ground water quality at observation wells located in the basin, which measures 15 parameters
viz., pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Magnesium, Nitrate, Potassium,
Sulphate, Calcium, Sodium, Carbonate, Bicarbonate, Chloride, Fluoride, Sodium Absorption Ratio
(SAR) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC) and heavy metals like Arsenic & Iron. They are further
classified in two categories viz. irrigation and drinking water quality standards as described by
Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) for Ground water quality. They are further classified in two
categories viz. Irrigation and Drinking Water quality standards as described by Bureau of Indian
Standards (BIS) for Ground Water Quality. Based upon all these parameters, the chemical quality of
ground water, both from near-surface and deeper aquifer zones, is generally good and suitable for
the irrigation and drinking purposes in the basin.
There are 71 ground water quality locations present in the basin and monitored by Central Ground
Water Board (CGWB). The physical and chemical properties of ground water were measured by
CGWB in this basin.
52
7. Inter-basin transfer links

India has substantial water resources potential but its availability in various parts of the country is
highly uneven. Inter-basin transfer link proposes river water transfer from the region of surplus to
deficit areas. This may provide an effective way to enhance irrigation potential, to mitigate floods
and droughts and reduce regional imbalance by way of additional irrigation, domestic and
industrial water supply, hydropower generation, navigational facilities, etc. There are two interbasin transfer links falling in this basin.
NWDA has proposed 30 possible links in India which include 14 Himalayan components and 16
Peninsular components. Two of those are proposed in the Cauvery Basin (Map 22).
Somasila- Grand Anicut Link
This link envisages diversion of 8,565 MCM of water from Somasila reservoir at Pennar Basin to
South of Pennar to irrigate 4.91 lakh Ha (0.49 lakh Ha in Andhra Pradesh, 4.36 lakh Ha in Tamil
Nadu and 0.06 lakh Ha in Pondicherry). Total length of link canal is about 529 km.
Cauvery (Kattalai) Vaigni-Gundar Link
The Kattalai Vaigai Gundar Link envisages tapping of 2,252 MCM of water from Cauvey basin at the
existing Kattalai bed to irrigate 3.38 lakh hectares area of Tamil Nadu up to Gundar River. Total
length of link canal is about 255.60 km.
53
Map 22. Inter basin transfer links

54
8. Water tourism sites

Since the area is situated in the tropical zone, it enjoys a subtropical to temperate climate by virtue of
its altitude and this has contributed to development of the basin as a well-known tourist place. There
are 55 main tourist places including many pilgrimages, wildlife sanctuaries, waterfalls, hill station,
forts and lakes as shown in Table 12 and its spatial distribution is shown in Map 23.
The basin hosts a rich environment for water tourism sites. Wildlife sanctuaries and National Parks,
namely Bannerghatta National Park, Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Wildlife Sanctuary, Point
Calimere Wildlife Sanctuary, Wayanad Wildlife Sanctuary, Adichunchanagiri Peacock Sanctuary etc.
are located in the basin. Islands such as Kuruvadweep and Mananthavady are also situated here. The
Velankanni Matha Church, Shettihalli Submerged Church, Nagore Dargha, Ayappa Temple,
Somnathpur Temple, Lakshmi Kantha Swamy Temple, Bhagamandala etc. are the religious
destinations and Kovai Kuttralam Fall, Iruppu Falls, Abbey Falls and Catherine Falls etc. are some of
the waterfalls that are situated in the basin.
Table 12. Water tourism sites
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Tourist Site Category

Beach
Fort
Hill Station
Island
Lake
Museums / Monument
National Park
Peak
Pilgrimage (Church)
Pilgrimage (Masjid)
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Reserved Forest
Tourist Spot
Waterfall
Wildlife Sanctuary
No. of Places
3
4
1
1
5
2
3
1
3
1
9
1
7
9
10
55
Map 23. Water tourism sites
56
9.Conclusion
The Cauvery and its tributaries are inter-state river system, flowing through the states of Kerala,
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and parts of Puducherry. A number of small and large projects have already
been constructed in the basin and few are under construction. The surface water potential in the
basin is nearly utilized, but there is a need to make arrangements for use of full potential of ground
water. Systematic and scientific exploratory work is needed for a quantitative and qualitative
assessment of the ground water resources in the basin, so that these resources may be exploited in a
rational way, either independently or in conjunction with surface waters. There is need for interstate
cooperation and agreement in respect of carrying out soil conservation measures to conserve the
storage capacities of the existing and proposed reservoirs in the basin. It is necessary for systematic
data to be collected with regard to the sediment carried by the rivers, which would illustrate the
effect of any soil conservation works carried out in the basin.
With an overview of the various environmental issues, it's time to seriously think about the efforts
needed to bring back the original balance in our environment. Ecology, environment and human
beings have to form a synchronous and healthy relationship for them to have any meaning at all.
Realization that, one without the other may not be able to survive has to dawn on one and all. Any
dilly-dallying on the matter could harm us and put us beyond redemption. Old approaches may have
to be reformed, new technologies like for instance remote sensing, have to be harnessed, our
people's attitudes have to be changed. It's only then can we hope to see any difference in the
harmed atmosphere. As of now, the stresses on our environment are many. Some of them we list
here to highlight the need for prioritisation for action.
57
Annexure I: State, district and parliamentary constituency in the basin

District Details
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
State Name
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Kerala
Puducherry
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
District (2011)
Bangalore
Tumkur
Ramanagara
Mysore
Mandya
Kodagu
Hassan
Chikmagalur
Chikkaballapura
Chamarajanagar
Bangalore Rural
Idukki
Wayanad
Palakkad
Malappuram
Kozhikode
Kannur
Karaikal
Thanjavur
Pudukkottai
Thiruvarur
Tiruchirappalli
Nagapattinam
Namakkal
Perambalur
Population (2011)
9621551
2678980
1082636
3001127
1805769
554519
1776421
1137961
1255104
1020791
990923
1108974
817420
2809934
4112920
3086293
2523003
200222
2405890
1618345
1264277
2722290
1616450
1726601
565223
Total Area (Sq.

km)
2175.82
10543.89
3511.62
6319.07
4942.61
4115.60
6789.18
7167.73
4188.56
5688.19
2294.62
5106.26
2141.18
4542.91
3599.11
2347.84
2957.80
154.98
3438.78
4740.11
2302.70
4564.08
2516.24
3434.37
1768.81
District Area in Basin

(Sq. km)
987.82
3992
3511.62
6319.07
4942.61
2898.68
4941.78
751.01
6.40
5688.19
978.92
385.72
1936.14
619.06
1.90
4.42
1.16
154.98
2221.95
734.16
2300.40
4032.11
2516.20
3074.96
625.19
Percentage of District
Area in the Basin
45.40
37.86
100
100
100
70.43
72.79
10.48
0.15
100
42.66
7.55
90.42
13.63
0.05
0.19
0.04
100
64.61
15.49
99.90
88.34
100
89.53
35.35
58
Sl.
State Name
District (2011)
Population (2011)
Total Area (Sq.
District Area in Basin
Percentage of District
No.
km)
(Sq. km)
Area in the Basin
26
Tamil Nadu
Erode
2251744
5802.54
5802.54
100
27
Tamil Nadu
Dindigul
2159775
6164.99
4429.05
71.84
28
Tamil Nadu
Dharmapuri
1506843
4529.54
1906.74
42.10
29
Tamil Nadu
Cuddalore
2605914
3725.96
604.91
16.24
30
Tamil Nadu
Coimbatore
3458045
4708.71
2569.37
54.57
31
Tamil Nadu
The Nilgiris
735394
2572.79
2213.40
86.03
32
Tamil Nadu
Karur
1064493
2928.71
2928.71
100
33
Tamil Nadu
Salem
3482056
5247.41
3027.08
57.69
34
Tamil Nadu
Ariyalur
754894
1970.10
1623.55
82.41
35
Tamil Nadu
Tiruppur
2479052
5266.55
4983.33
94.62
36
Tamil Nadu
Krishnagiri
1879809
5142.53
1909.10
37.12
(Disclaimer: District wise population data has been taken from census 2011)(Note: Population is mentioned for the complete district)
Parliamentary Constituency Details

Sl. No.
State Name
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Kerala
Kerala
Parliamentary Constituencies
(2009)
Bangalore South
Bangalore North
Udupi Chikmagalur
Chikkaballapura
Tumkur
Bangalore Rural
Bangalore Central
Mysore
Chamrajnagar
Mandya
Hassan
Idukki
Kannur
Total Area (Sq. Km)

113.69
714.75
8397.83
5466.08
7043.62
5002.08
337.93
6367.11
9100.19
5542.90
7947.83
5640.05
2064.27
Area Falling in Basin

Percentage Area in the
(Sq. Km)
Basin
40.61
35.72
442.95
61.97
751.01
8.94
1432.92
26.21
3000.24
42.60
4539.67
90.76
19.51
5.77
5206.36
81.77
9100.19
100
5542.90
100
4941.78
62.18
385.72
6.84
1.16
0.06
59
Sl. No.
State Name
14
Kerala
15
Kerala
16
Kerala
17
Kerala
18
Puducherry
19
Tamil Nadu
20
Tamil Nadu
21
Tamil Nadu
22
Tamil Nadu
23
Tamil Nadu
24
Tamil Nadu
25
Tamil Nadu
26
Tamil Nadu
27
Tamil Nadu
28
Tamil Nadu
29
Tamil Nadu
30
Tamil Nadu
31
Tamil Nadu
32
Tamil Nadu
33
Tamil Nadu
34
Tamil Nadu
35
Tamil Nadu
36
Tamil Nadu
Source: Election Commission of India
Parliamentary Constituencies
(2009)
Vadakara
Kozhikode
Wayanad
Palakkad
Puducherry
Salem
Tiruppur
Dharmapuri
Karur
Nagappattinam
Dindigul
Pollachi
Tiruchirappalli
Thanjavur
Namakkal
Chidambaram
Nilgiris
Kallakurichi
Krishnagiri
Erode
Perambalur
Mayiladuthurai
Coimbatore
Total Area (Sq. km)

1283.94
957.19
4150.31
2579.38
503.01
1520.26
2997.70
5153.61
5217.43
3179.41
5104.61
4074.02
2140.89
2974.12
3752.58
3968.21
6181.26
5129.68
5141.32
3418.03
4544.62
2107.94
1887.29
Area Falling in Basin

Percentage Area in the
(Sq. km)
Basin
1.28
0.10
3.07
0.32
1938.11
46.70
619.06
24
154.98
30.81
1494.14
98.28
2997.70
100
2528.85
49.07
4448.62
85.26
3179.41
100
3381.04
66.24
1693.38
41.57
958.62
44.78
1751.28
58.88
3393.14
90.42
2539.33
63.99
5821.88
94.19
384.18
7.49
1909.84
37.15
3418.03
100
3650.13
80.32
2107.94
100
1845.37
97.78
60
Annexure II: Climate Rainfall (1971-2004) and Temperature (1969-2004) profile in the basin
Sub-Basin Wise Annual Rainfall (mm) (1971-2004)
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
Year
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1983
1984
1985
1986
1987
1988
1989
1990
1991

1237.67
1167.79
774.06
634.66
1058.91
937.49
1323.13
1010.44
1168.01
581.21
1029.17
650.49
1130.26
1056.39
1063.67
986.51
968.54
789.45
890.8
830.7
1000.65

1333.71
1263.54
1018.43
1170.05
1614.52
1015.71
1603.05
1515.11
1284.8
1096.03
1354.67
888.85
1190.46
1123.42
921.18
1047.93
1029.62
1089.7
909.62
998.97
1338.9

2003.79
1830.68
1669.03
1938.18
2660.84
1665.84
2503.17
2592.04
1889.57
2128.3
2135.27
1732.83
1904.5
1989.58
1549.26
1729.4
1377.38
1631.45
1589.16
1861.56
2091.98
61
Sl. No.
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Year
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004

1047.36
1502.74
804.64
829.02
1244.27
974.58
1138.45
1062.18
1174.72
722.34
241.88
337.79
1125.34

1439.31
1282.74
1343.81
1104.16
1199.25
1370.69
1423.35
1329.73
1348.79
1062.19
680.35
642.35
1221.76

2522.12
1898.02
2601.14
1922.97
1782.19
2130.45
2170.66
2110.54
1816.96
1345.92
1246.67
1060.79
1648.53
Temperature profile in the basin (36 Years Average for the period 1969-2004)
Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
Maximum Temperature (C)

28.99
32.84
33.32
34.31
33.76
31.02
29.86
29.61
30.16
29.52
28.55
28.13
Minimum Temperature (C)

17.15
20.55
20.42
22.54
22.85
22.08
21.59
21.38
21.18
20.81
19.54
17.83
Mean Temperature (C)

23.07
26.7
26.87
28.43
28.3
26.55
25.73
25.5
25.67
25.16
24.05
22.98
62
Annexure III : Sub-basin wise population and drinking water facilities

Demographic Details
Sl. No.
Sub-basin
No. of
No. Villages
Districts
1
13
2990
2
25
8306
3
6
3339
*(Disclaimer: Population data has been taken from Census 2001)
Total Population
Male Population
7379853
19987819
2604228
3675739
10187395
1305494
Female
Population
3704114
9800423
1298734
No. of
Households
1720133
4730301
557444
Drinking Water Facilities

Sl. No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
Sub-basin
District
Ariyalur
Karur
Karaikal
Namakkal
Pudukkottai
Thiruvarur
Nagapattinam
Perambalur
Cuddalore
Tiruchirappalli
Salem
Thanjavur
Dindigul
Erode
Hassan
Karur
Chamarajanagar
Coimbatore
Namakkal
Wells
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Tubewells
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
Handpumps
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
0
63
Sl. No. Sub-basin

20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
Source : Census Data 2001
District
The Nilgiris
Kozhikode
Mandya
Palakkad
Bangalore Rural
Kodagu
Madurai
Tiruchirappalli
Wayanad
Dharmapuri
Malappuram
Salem
Idukki
Kolar
Mysore
Bangalore
Dindigul
Kannur
Tumkur
Hassan
Chikmagalur
Mandya
Kodagu
Wayanad
Mysore
Wells
0
87
0
143
0
0
0
0
48
0
119
0
54
0
0
0
0
78
0
0
0
0
0
48
0
Tubewells
0
76
0
127
0
0
0
0
45
0
107
0
43
0
0
0
0
64
0
0
0
0
0
45
0
Handpumps
0
63
0
134
0
0
0
0
36
0
97
0
36
0
0
0
0
49
0
0
0
0
0
36
0
64
Annexure IV: Inventory of surface water resources
1 Alalur Dam
2 Albur Kere Dam
3 Amaravathi Dam
Lakshmanathirtha
NA
Amaravati
4 Arkavathy Dam
Arkavathy
5 Avalanche Dam
Avalanche
6 Banasurasagar Dam
Panamarampuzha
7 Byramangala Dam
8 Chakena Hally Dam
Vrishabhavathy
Hemavathy River
9 Chickkahole Dam
Chickkahole
Chikkagondanahally
Dam
11 Chiklihole Dam
12 Deepambudikere
10
Gravity /
Masonry
NA
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
1983
NA
NA
NA
1958
2004
939.6
NA
840
58.5
NA
NA
2.18
2.07
NA
NA
NA
50
114.62
109.36 Ogee
720 29.685
44.94
40.49
NA
156
152.8
NA
366
NA
57
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Purpose
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
Type of
spillway
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
Max height
above
foundation (m)
17.41
1095
NA
1961
NA
Length of dam
(m)
River
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Catchment
Area (Sq. km.)
List of Dams with surrogate information
0.05 Irrigation
NA
NA
0.85 HE,IR
0.7 Irrigation
0.81 Hydroelectric
NA
HE,IR
1943
1970
380
14.11
2286
886.75
22.85
17.3
24.1
4.28
22.01
3.92
NA
NA
0.41 Irrigation
0.03 Irrigation
1958
676
756
27.53
10.65
10.53
Side
Channel
0.11 Irrigation
19.5
516
22.3
5.9
2.46
NA
0.04 Irrigation
464.8
600
25.3
15
5.1
12.11
4.73
9.69
NA
NA
0.11 Irrigation
0.21 Irrigation
Arkavathy
Earthen
1979
Chiklihole
Nagini
Earthen
Earthen
1985
1906
NA
NA
65
13 Doddaladahalli Dam
Arkavathy
14 Emerald Dam
Emerald
NA
NA
0.07 Irrigation
156.2
152.8
NA
0.81 Hydroelectric
NA
0.02 Hydroelectric
1961
58.5
323
65
1930
80
16
1989
1983
1980
NA
NA
93.24
402
731.5
1219
18.16
13.73
31.55
2.18
2.39
27.44
1.9
2.23
23.22
NA
NA
NA
0.05 Irrigation
6.07 Irrigation
0.24 Irrigation
1982
419.58
845.8
53
240.69
228.6
NA
1.91 HE,IR
1965
145
996.65
19.2
11.98
1979
2810
4692
20 Hebbahalla Dam
Hebballa
21 Hemavathy Dam
Hemavathy
22 Hesaraghatta Dam
Arkavathy
Earthen
1896
NA
1560
14.78
23 Hosahalli Dam
K.K.Halla
1985
NA
868.68
24 Iggalur Dam
Shimsha
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
1996
4102
Local Halla
Earthen
1952
64.59
Kabini
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
1974
2142
26 Kabini Dam
Purpose
3.19
Harangi
K.Honnamachanahalli
Dam
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
4.35
19 Harangi Dam
25
Type of
spillway
14.95
Cauvery Basin
K.K.Halla
Gundal
NA
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
330
Glenmorgan Forbay
Dam
16 Gopinatham Dam
17 Gowdahally Dam
18 Gundal Dam
15
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
1934
Max height
above
foundation (m)
Earthen
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Length of dam
(m)
River
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Catchment
Area (Sq. km.)
NA
NA
0.32 Irrigation
926.8
NA
29.59
0.11
NA
16.76
3.24
2.94
NA
1234.4 17.074
5.15
3.03 Ogee
0.17 Irrigation
10
5.21
4.75
0.11 Irrigation
2732.4 59.435
552.74
630
58.5 1050.63
8.19 Ogee
NA
453.07 Ogee
8.5 Irrigation
Water
Supply
9.31 Irrigation
0.5
6.4 HE,IR
66
Kadaba Dam
Kalikatte Dam
Kamarahalli Dam
Kanva Dam
Karapuzha (Id) Dam
Karimuddenahalli
33
Dam
34 Kesarigulihalla Dam
Karigale &
Hebbahalla
Shimsha Valley
Kalikattehalla
K.Hallihalla
Kanva
Karapuzha
Lakshman
Theertha
K.gulihalla
35 Kodaganar Dam
NA
36 Kothagere Dam
37 Kowlihalla Dam
NA
Cauvery Basin
38 Krishnarajasagar Dam
Cauvery
39 Kundah Palam Dam
Kundah
27 Kachavanahalli Dam
28
29
30
31
32
Kunigal Dodakere
Dam
41 Kuppareddy Dam
40
42 Kuthiraiyar Dam
Earthen
1973
NA
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
1906
1968
1967
1946
2004
1183.9
NA
NA
2076
620
Earthen
1972
NA
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
NA
Earthen
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
1985
1993
Nagini
NA
Kuthiraiyar
NA
NA
722
16.3
5.74
1680
1122
1020
1422
625
10.5
14.84
12
22.57
NA
16.53
3.17
2.96
23.88
76.5
422.25
18.32
0.18
52.75
1672
16.74
3.8
1670
2893
12.75
12.3
NA
NA
NA
393
5.1
NA
15.7 NA
2.72 NA
2.54 NA
22.71 NA
72 Ogee
0.18
NA
Purpose
0.01 Irrigation
0.41 Irrigation
0.49
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.01 Irrigation
42.62 1400.31 1275.69
NA
10.78 Irrigation
NA
NA
18.5
NA
NA
0.55
1961
113.96
152
32
1.76
1.56
NA
Earthen
1906
339.14
2000
11
15.07
13.7
NA
NA
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
NA
NA
899.9
Irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigation
Irrigation
Ogee
NA
2621
71.4
0.68
0.29
0.27
0.44
855
0.11 Irrigation
10619
1990
0.13 Irrigation
3.57 Ogee
1931
NA
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
Type of
spillway
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
Max height
above
foundation (m)
Length of dam
(m)
River
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Catchment
Area (Sq. Km.)
NA
27.38
NA
7.16
NA
NA
NA
Ogee
Hydroelectric
0.42 Irrigation
NA
NA
0.06 Irrigation
67
43 Lower Bhavani Dam

Maidal Amanikere
Dam
45 Mallaghatta Dam
44
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
8797
62
929
908 Ogee
7.88 HE,IR
Agasarahalli nala
Earthen
1895
52.96
810
13.8
7.4
6.97
NA
2.11 Irrigation
Shimsha Valley
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
Earthen
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
NA
NA
57.36
750
15.6
16.62
14.86
NA
0.63 Irrigation
1993
1590
362.2
38.71
34.6
1969
749
1977 NA
1938 NA
610
661.4
480
13.1
25
16.5
15
5.85
74.04
415
22
0.82
Nagini River
Cauvery
Arkavathy
Aravarihalla
51 Marconahally Dam
Shimsha Valley
52 Marudhanadi Dam
53 Mayasandra Dam
Maurdhanadhi
Shimsha Valley
54 Mettur Dam
Cauvery
55 Moyar Forebay Dam
NA
56 Mukurthy Dam
NA
1947
21
30.04 Ogee
13.5 NA
4.89 NA
67.35 NA
NA
NA
Purpose
4200
Type of
spillway
1955
47 Mangala I Dam
48 Mangala II Dam
49 Maralvadi Dam
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Arkavathy
Maravakandi Forbay
Dam
Max height
above
foundation (m)
Bhavani
46 Manchanabele Dam
50
Length of dam
(m)
River
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Catchment
Area (Sq. km.)
0.37 Irrigation
0.25 Irrigation
0.53 Irrigation
0.07 Irrigation
NA
Hydroelectric
NA
1940
4103
1609
22.4
68
1979
1906
53.35
74.85
808
1410
27.43
10.7
4.93
4.86
1934
42217 1615.44
1951
154.23
64
NA
Ogee
3.89 NA
NA
2647
70.41 2708.79
NA
NA
NA
731
NA
22
NA
1.46 Irrigation
NA
0.07 Irrigation
0.21 Irrigation
15.35 HE,IR
NA
0.17
NA
Hydroelectric
NA
NA
NA
NA
68
Muthurayanakere
Dam
58 Nagavathi Dam
Nallathangal Odai
59
Dam
Nallur Amanikere
60
Dam
57
Earthen
NA
1986 105.36
306
15.81
4.65
4.65 Ogee
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Gundlu
Earthen
1987
416.7
1802
15.04
6.54
5.89
2007
389
2680
21.5
7.2
6.59
Bidadi Halla
NA
Yennehole Stream
70 Nugu Dam
Nugu
71 Obichudanahally Dam
Arkavathy
6.8
5.87
NA
NA
NA
Purpose
Irrigation
0.12 Irrigation
NA
NA
0.2 Irrigation
0.16 Irrigation
17.07
6.13
5.68 NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
540
15.29
1.69
1.56
0.16 Irrigation
NA
NA
Earthen
1940 NA
NA
NA
NA
1984
Nagini
Shimsha Valley
NA
Earthen
Earthen
NA
1906 NA
870
11
6.63
5.31 NA
1906 278.62
1350
10.5
5.41
5.41 NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.12 Irrigation
0.25 Irrigation
NA
NA
Noyyal
Earthen
1992
13
2850
14.06
6.66
Noyyal
Earthen
1992 2245.53
2290
21.7
17.48
637.65
43.58
154.04
637
28.7
4.67
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
740
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
Type of
spillway
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
Nagavathy
NA
62 Nelligudda Dam
63 Neralatti Kere Dam
New Amachawadi
64
Dam
65 Nidasale Dam
66 Nittur Dam
Nonavinakere Lake
67
Dam
Noyyal Athupalayam
68
Dam
Noyyal
69
Orathupalayam Dam
12.06
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
1970
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
NA
Max height
above
foundation (m)
Earthen
Nanganjiyar
1140
NA
Local Nala
61 Nanganjiyar Dam
NA
Length of dam
(m)
River
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Catchment
Area (Sq. km.)
6.46
NA
NA
Ogee
0.06 Irrigation
0.17 Irrigation
0.42 Irrigation
NA
1959
1989
308
NA
129.85
3.3 NA
3.24 HE,IR
0.04 Irrigation
69
72 Palar Porundalar Dam
PalarPorundalar
73 Parappalar Dam
Parappalar
74 ParsonS Valley Dam
Parson Valley
Stream
Pegumbahallah
Forebay Dam
76 Perumpallam Dam
75
Pengumbahallh
NA
77 Pillur Dam
Bhavani
78 Ponnaniar Dam
Ponnaniyar
79 Porthimund Dam
Porthimund St
80 Pykara Dam
81 Sarigehally Dam
82 Siddhamalli Dam
NA
Local Nala
NA
83 Siruvani ( I D) Dam
Siruvani
84 Suvarnavathy Dam
NA
85 Taraka Dam
Taraka
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
Max height
above
foundation (m)
Length of dam
(m)
River
1978
259
2451
32
43.13
43.13 Ogee
0.52 Irrigation
1974
72.88
81.07
39.62
5.6
5.6 Ogee
0.11 Irrigation
1966
14.5
146
43
19.25
17.19
1965
41.44
181
55
1.07
1.03
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1967
1191
357
88
44.4
1974
87.02
246.81
24.84
3.4
1966
25.12
335
56
60
34.97
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.4 Ogee
45.73
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
104.44
1200
14.8
5.08
4.3 NA
1987
216.2
5050
15.15
6.42
5.88 Ogee
1984
22.47
224
18.41
1984
804
1170.4
25.9
35.68
1984
276.61
1272.5
37.49
111.57
18.4 Ogee
35.65
NA
90.75 Ogee
NA
Purpose
Earthen
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
NA
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
NA
Earthen
Earthen
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Type of
spillway
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Catchment
Area (Sq. km.)
Hydroelectric
0.01 Hydroelectric
NA
NA
0.26 Hydroelectric
0.06 Irrigation
NA
Hydroelectric
NA
NA
0.42 Irrigation
0.36 Irrigation
Water
8.71
Supply
0.45 Irrigation
1.09 Irrigation
70
Earthen
Uppar
92 Upper Bhavani Dam
Bhavani
93 Varattupallam Dam
Vattamalaikarai Odai
94
Dam
95 Votehole Dam
Votehole
96 Yagachi Dam
Yagachi
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
49.68
94.72
67.9
202.2
870
1530
12.2
40
5.07
21.2
4.87 NA
16.24 Ogee
1968
900
2256
19.81
16.2
1965
33
419
80
101.2
1978
66.82
1798
15.5
1978
396
1820
1984
110
900
2001
552
NA
NA
NA
Purpose
V.K. Odai
91 Uppar( Erode) Dam
451.104
12.42 NA
8.44 Ogee
NA
19.71
Submergence
Area (Th Ha)
NA
13.66
8.46
Type of
spillway
1934
118.8 24.384
435
19.75
Live storage
capacity (MCM)
NA
276.79
Hebballa Valley
Thoppaiyar
Arkavathy &
Kumudavathy
Shimsha Valley
Uduthorehalla
Gross storage
capacity (MCM)
1000
1986
Varattupallam
Earthen
Earthen
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
Earthen
Earthen /
Gravity /
Masonry
Gravity /
Masonry
Earthen
86 Thonnur Dam
87 Thoppaiyar Dam
Tippagondana Hally
88
Dam
89 Turuvekere Dam
90 Uduthorehalla Dam
Max height
above
foundation (m)
Catchment
Area (Sq. km.)
River
Year of
completion
Name of Dam
Type of Dam
Sl.
No.
Length of dam
(m)
0.42 Irrigation
0.12 Irrigation
Water
0.68
Supply
0.27 Irrigation
0.14 Irrigation
Ogee
0.45
85
NA
0.46 Hydroelectric
3.94
3.94
NA
0.09 Irrigation
20
7.59
7.59 Other
0.03 Irrigation
44.48
42.76
38.68 Ogee
0.04 Irrigation
1280 26.237
89.59
80.7
NA
NA
1.96 Irrigation
71
List of BWA with surrogate information

Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
Name of B/W/A
River
Bangaradoddy Anicut
Bhavani Kattalai Barrage
-I
- II
- III
Cauvery
Chekkanur Barrage
Cauvery
948
Chikka Devaraya Sagar

Anicut
Cauvery
520
Danagere Anicut
Cauvery
Devaraya Anicut
Cauvery
470
East Varahapallam Weir
East VARAHAPALLAM
stream
173
Grand Anicut
NA
329
Kalingarayan Anicut
Bhavani
902.5
Kattalai Bed Regulator
Cauvery
NA
Koneripatti Barrage
Cauvery
710
Lower Colleron Anicut
Colleron
710
Madhavamatri Anicut
Cauvery
NA
Bhavani
Bhavani
NA
Length
Height upto
(m)
crest (m)
164 NA
NA
NA
Catchment area
(Th. ha.)
NA
NA
Design flood discharge Purpose

(Cumecs)
9910.9 Irrigation
NA
Hydroelectric
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
3.5
NA
NA
9910.9 Irrigation
NA
NA Hydroelectric
NA
NA
1
Hydroelectric
NA Hydroelectric
NA
18
Hydroelectric
28.03 Irrigation
NA
NA
Hydroelectric
5094 Irrigation
NA
3590 Irrigation
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Irrigation
Hydroelectric
Irrigation
Irrigation
72
Sl.
No.
16
Name of B/W/A
River
Nerunjipettai Barrage
Cauvery
1478
17
Netkal Balancing
Reservoir
Niralapallam Weir
Cauvery
NA
NA
60
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
Length
(m)
Catchment area
(Th. ha.)
NA
Design flood discharge

(Cumecs)
NA
NA
NA
NA
18
54
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Noyal
Rajaparameshwari
Anicut
Cauvery
Ramaswamy Anicut
Cauvery
Siva balancing Reservoir
Cauvery
Upper Anicut
Cauvery
Upper Bhavani Weir
NA
Urachikottar Barrage
Cauvery
1085
Virija Anicut
Cauvery
NA
978
Purpose
Hydroelectric
Hydroelectric
519 Hydroelectric
NA
Orathupalayam Barrage
Height upto
crest (m)
NA
Irrigation
Irrigation
9910.9 Irrigation
Hydroelectric
Irrigation
Hydroelectric
Hydroelectric
9910.9 Irrigation
73
10
Status
Districts
Benefitted
Tributary
Ultimate
Irrigation
Potential
Amaravathy Medium
Irrigation Project
Arkavathi Medium
Irrigation Project
Badanavalu Medium
Irrigation Project
Banahalli Hundi Lift
Irrigation Project
Banasurasagar
Medium Irrigation
Project
Byramangala
Medium Irrigation
Project
Cauvery Anicut
Channels Major
Irrigation Project
Cauvery Delta Major
Irrigation
Project_Puducherry
Cauvery Delta Major
Irrigation
Project_Tamilnadu
Cauvery Mettur
Major Irrigation
project
River
CCA (Th ha)
Type
GCA (Th ha)
Sl. Name of Project

No.
Year of
completion
Major/Medium irrigation projects with surrogate information
Medium
Amaravati
Amaravathy
Completed
1958
NA
8.70
8.70
Coimbatore, erode
Medium
Arkavathy
Arkavathy
Completed
NA
NA
8.50
6.23
Bangalore
Medium
NA
NA
Ongoing
NA
NA
NA
3.27
Mysore
Medium
NA
Kabini River
Completed
NA
NA
NA
1.77
Mysore
Medium
Kabini
Panamaram
Ongoing
NA
NA
2.80
4.80
Wynad
Medium
Vrishabavat
hy
Vrishabhavathy Completed
1945
2.45
2.19
2.23
Bangalore
Major
NA
Cauvery
Completed
1900
NA
76.88
77.17
Major
NA
Cauvery
Completed
NA
11
18
Bangalore, Hassan,
Kodagu, Mandya,
Mysore
Karaikal
Major
Cauvery
Cauvery
Completed
1889
NA
368
504.64
Thanjavur (TN), Karaikal

(PY)
Major
Cauvery
Cauvery
Completed
1934
491.36
103.60
111.70
Thanjavur,pudukkottai
74
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
Status
Districts
Benefitted
13
Tributary
Ultimate
Irrigation
Potential
12
Chickahole Medium
Irrigation Project
Chiklihole Medium
Irrigation Project
Chinnar Medium
Irrigation Project
Gundal Medium
Irrigation Project
Gunderipallam
Medium Irrigation
Project
Harangi Major
Irrigation Project
Hebballa Medium
Irrigation Project
Hemavathy Major
Irrigation Project
Hucchana - Koppalu
Medium Irrigation
Project
Iggalur Medium
Irrigation Project
Kabini Major
Irrigation Project
Kachnahalli Lift
Irrigation Project
River
CCA (Th ha)
11
Type
GCA (Th ha)
Sl. Name of Project

No.
Year of
completion
Medium
Chickkahole
Chickkahole
Completed
1969
3.31
1.65
NA
Mysore
Medium
Chiklihole
Chiklihole
Completed
NA
NA
3.48
1.18
Kodagu
Medium
Cauvery
Chinnar
Completed
1977
NA
1.82
NA
Dharmapuri
Medium
Gundal
Gundal
Completed
1980
NA
4.05
4.05
Mysore
Medium
Gunderipalla Cauvery
m
Completed
1978
NA
0.45
NA
Erode
Major
Harangi
Harangi
Completed
NA
92.81
54.83
54.59
Kodapu, Hassan, Mysore
Medium
Hebbahalla
Hebballa
Completed
1972
2.03
1.21
NA
Mysore
Major
Hemavathy
Hemavathy
Completed
NA
435.73
283.58
283.60
Hassan, Mandya, Tumkur
Medium
Gandorinala
Hemavathy
Completed
NA
4.22
3.36
3.36
Hassan
Medium
Shimsha
Shimsha
Completed
1996
7.76
4.05
4.05
Bangalore, Mandya
Major
Kabini
Kabini
Completed
NA
149.66
87.89
87.90
Mysore
Medium
NA
Hemavathy
Ongoing
NA
NA
NA
3.48
Hassan
75
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Status
Districts
Benefitted
25
Tributary
Ultimate
Irrigation
Potential
24
Kalingarayan Major
Irrigation Project
Kama Samundra Lift
Irrigation Project
Kanva Medium
Irrigation Project
Karapuzha Medium
Irrigation Project
Kattalai Major
Irrigation Project
Kodaganar Medium
Irrigation Project
Kodivery Anicut
System Major
Irrigation Project
Krishnarajasagar
Major Irrigation
Project
Kuthiraiyar Medium
Irrigation Project
Lower Bhavani Major
Irrigation Project
Lower Coleroon
Anicut Major
Irrigation Project
Manchanabele
Medium Irri. Project
River
CCA (Th ha)
23
Type
GCA (Th ha)
Sl. Name of Project

No.
Year of
completion
Major
Bhavani
Completed
1893
NA
NA
NA
Erode
Medium
Cauvery /
Bhavani
Hamavathy
Hemavathi
Completed
NA
13.43
3.58
5.13
Hassan
Medium
Kanva
Kanva
Completed
1946
3.44
2.08
2.58
Bangalore
Medium
Panamaram
Karampuzha
Ongoing
NA
6.80
5.58
9.87
Wynad
Major
Cauvery
Cauvery
Completed
1926
34.26
NA
NA
Trichirapalli, Thanjavur
Medium
Kodaganar
KODAGANAR
Completed
NA
1.56
NA
NA
dindiguil
Major
Bhavani
Bhavani
Completed
1894
NA
9.92
19.83
Erode
Major
Cauvery
Cauvery
Completed
1931
201.16
79.31
79.31
Mandya, Mysore
Medium
Kuthiraiyar
Cauvery
Completed
1990
1.68
NA
NA
Dindigul
Major
Cauvery
Bhavani
Completed
1955
113.46
83.77
83.77
Erode,Thiruchirapalli
Major
Cauvery
COLeroon
Completed
1903
NA
NA
NA
Cuddalore, Thanjavur
Medium
Arkavathy
Arkavathy
Completed
NA
3.83
2.43
2.43
Bangalore
76
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
Mangala Medium
Irrigation Project
Marconahalli
Medium Irrigation
Project
Mettur Canal Major
Irrigation Project
Nallur Amanikere
Medium Irrigation
Project
Nandhiyar Channel
Medium Irrigation
Project
Nanganjiar Medium
Irrigation Project
Nanjapura Medium
Irrigation Project
Noyyal Medium
Irrigation Project
Nugu Medium
Irrigation Project
Orathupalayam
Medium Irrigation
Project
Palar Porandalar
Medium Irrigation
Project
Parappalar Medium
Irrigation Project
Ponnaniar Medium
Irrigation Project
Medium
Naginihalla
Cauvery
Completed
1970
2.95
0.85
NA
Tumkur
Medium
Shimsha
Shimsha Valley
Completed
1941
8.45
4.56
5.94
Tumkur
Major
Cauvery
Cauvery
Completed
NA
NA
18.21
18.21
Salem, Erode
Medium
Gundlu
Gundlu
Completed
NA
1.85
1.62
NA
Mysore
Medium
Cauvery
Nandhiyarc
Completed
1899
NA
2.97
2.97
tiruchirapalli
Medium
Cauvery
NA
Ongoing
NA
NA
NA
2.55
Medium
NA
Cauvery
Completed
NA
10.19
4.04
4.41
DINDIGUL,KARUR,AMAR
AVATHY
Mysore
Medium
Cauvery
NA
Completed
NA
12.82
4.20
4.20
Erode
Medium
Nugu
Nugu
Completed
NA
NA
10.50
NA
Mysore
Medium
NA
Amaravathy
Completed
NA
NA
NA
erode
Medium
Palar
Porandalar
NA
Completed
1978
72.48
4.08
4.08
Dindigul
Medium
Parapallar
NA
Completed
1974
NA
NA
NA
dindiguil
Medium
Ponnaniar
Cauvery
Completed
1974
NA
NA
NA
Thiruchirapalli
77
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
Status
Districts
Benefitted
50
Tributary
Ultimate
Irrigation
Potential
49
River
CCA (Th ha)
48
Pullambadi Canal
Medium Irrigation
Project
Siddhamalli Medium
Irrigation Project
Suvarnavathy
Medium Irrigation
Project
Taraka Medium
Irrigation Project
Thoppaiyar Medium
Irrigation Project
Uduthorehalla
Medium Irrigation
Project
Varattupallam
Medium Irrigation
Project
Vattamalai Karai
Odai Medium
Irrigation Project
Votehole Medium
Irrigation Project
Yagachi Major
Irrigation Project
Type
GCA (Th ha)
Sl. Name of Project

No.
Year of
completion
Medium
Cauvery
Penniyar
Completed
NA
NA
8.94
8.94
Thiruchirapalli
Medium
Siddhamalli
Cauvery
Completed
1987
NA
2.05
1.70
Thiruchirapalli
Medium
Suvarnavath
y
NA
Completed
1984
4.80
2.83
NA
Mysore
Medium
Taraka
Taraka
Completed
13.81
7.04
7.04
Mysore
Medium
Thoppaiyar
NA
Completed
3.94
2.16
4.31
Dharmapuri
Medium
Uduthorehal
la
Uduthorehalla
Completed
9.40
6.48
6.60
Mysore
Medium
Varattupalla
m
Cauvery
Completed
1978
NA
NA
NA
Erode
Medium
Cauvery
Completed
1978
NA
2.30
1.20
Erode
Medium
Vattamalaik
ari
Odaii
Votehole
Votehole
Completed
NA
9.81
7.49
7.49
Hassan
Major
Yagachi
Yagachi
Ongoing
NA
NA
21.25
21.45
Hassan
1986
78
Type of pump
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
Huchanakoppalu Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - I

Huchanakoppalu Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - II
Kama Samundra Lift Irrigation Scheme - I
Nanjapura Lift Irrigation Scheme
Kachnahalli Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - I
Kama Samundra Lift Irrigation Scheme - II
Kachnahalli Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - III
Kachnahalli Lift Irrigation Scheme Stage - II
Banahalli Hundi Lift Irrigation Scheme
River
River
River
River
River
River
Canal
Canal
River
Turbine
Centrifugal
Turbine
NA
NA
Centrifugal
Turbine
Turbine
Turbine
Discharge
(Cumec)
Off take
point
Lift in m
Name of Project
Horse
power of
pumps
Sl. No.
No. of
pumps
Lift Irrigation projects with surrogate information
5
4
6
6
4
6
4
8
4
600
1340
4200
7800
6952
2010
1420
2144
737
76
22.15
59.9
NA
NA
31.15
NA
NA
68.13
2.43
2.03
2.77
3.36
3.11
2.06
1.35
NA
1.41
Sl. Power House

No.
Hydro Electric project
Type of
Development
Position
Altitude above
MSL (m)
No. of
Turbines/Units
Total Installed
Capacity (MW)
Minimum Draw
Down Level (m)
Number of
Penstocks
Power house and projects with surrogate information
Kundah - III Power House
Kundah Hydroelectric Project
Run of the river
Surface
435.56
180
834.86
Kundah - II Power House
Run of the river with

small pondage
Surface
876.61
175
1609.34
Kundah - I Power House
Storage
Surface
1631.60
60
1943.10
79
Sl. Power House

No.
Type of
Development
Position
Altitude above
MSL (m)
No. of
Turbines/Units
Total Installed
Capacity (MW)
Minimum Draw
Down Level (m)
Number of
Penstocks
Kundah - VI Power House
Storage
Surface
1986.98
30
2185.94
Kundah - IV Power House
Storage
Dam Toe
363.63
100
396.25
Kundah - V Power House
Storage
Surface
1989.44
40
2249.42
Harangi Power House
Harangi Hydroelectric Project
Run of the river
Surface
NA
NA
NA
Kabini
Kabini
NA
NA
NA
20
NA
NA
Bhavani Kattalai Barrgae - III

Power House
Bhavani Kattalai Barrage - III

Hydroelectric Project
Run of the river
Dam Toe
NA
30
NA
NA
10
Bhavani Kattalai Barrgae - I

Power House
Bhavani Kattalai Barrage - I

Run of the river
Surface
NA
30
NA
NA
11
Lower Mettur Barrage -I

Power House
Lower Mettur Barrage - I

Run of the river
Dam Toe
NA
30
NA
12
Lower Mettur Barrage -II

Power House
Lower Mettur Barrage - II

Run of the river
Surface
NA
30
180.25
13
Lower Mettur Barrage -III

Power House
Lower Mettur Barrage - III

Run of the river
Dam Toe
NA
30
171.25
14
Lower Mettur Barrage - IV

Power House
Lower Mettur Barrage - IV

Run of the river
Surface
NA
30
162.25
80
Sl. Power House

No.
Type of
Development
Position
Altitude above
MSL (m)
No. of
Turbines/Units
Total Installed
Capacity (MW)
Minimum Draw
Down Level (m)
Number of
Penstocks
15
Pykara Ultimate (Pushe)

Power House
Pykara Moyar Hydroelectric

Project
Storage
Under
Ground
NA
150
1964
NA
16
Moyar Power House

Project

small pondage
Surface
609.60
36
NA
17
Pykara Singara Power House

Project
Storage
Surface
1036.32
70
1962.90
18
Mettur Tunnel Power House
Mettur Hydroelectric Project
Storage
Surface
NA
200
212.14
19
Mettur Dam Power House
Mettur Hydroelectric Project
Storage
Dam Toe
NA
40
212.14
20
Bhavani Kattalai Barrage - II

Power House
Bhavani Kattalai Barrage - II

Run of the river
Dam Toe
NA
30
NA
NA
21
Lower Bhavani RBC Power

House
Lower Bhavani Hydroelectric

Project
Canal Drop
Canal Drop
NA
7.50
NA
NA
22
Lower Bhavani Power House
Lower Bhavani Hydroelectric

Project
Storage
Surface
NA
NA
NA
23
Simshapura Power House
Simshapura Hydroelectric
project
Run of the river
Surface
410
17.20 NA
24
Seshadhri Iyer
(Sivasamudram) Power House
Seshadhri Iyer (Sivasamudram)


small pondage
Dam Toe
475
10
42
10
NA
81
ERM projects with surrogate information

Sl. No.
Name of Project
River
Status
Year of completion
Districts Benefitted
Purpose
Dr.D. Urs. Canal
Cauvery
Ongoing
NA
Mandya, Mysore
Irrigation
New Kattalai High Level Canal
Cauvery
Completed
NA
Thanjavur, thiruchirapali
Irrigation
Modernisation of Krishnaraja-sagar Canal
Cauvery
Ongoing
NA
Mandya, Mysore
Irrigation
82
Annexure V : Inventory of litholog well locations

Lithology in the Basin
Pappanaickenpalayam
182.80
Molapalayam
228.70
Dombilipalayam
281.94
Chinnar
152.40
152.40
Periyar Pumping
Station
Siruvaniadivaram
Valliampalaiyam
84.45
29.33
35
27
Crystalline Rocks (Archaean Pre-Cambrian)
68.58
27.35
18
87
41.75
37.90
0.33
26
67
Un-consolidated Sediments
(Quaternary -Recent)
Sand with Kankar followed

by fractured Biotite Gneiss
and Calc Granulite
Fractured Biotite Gneiss
65.03
13.28
1.33
16
179.5 Un-consolidated Sediments

25.75
0.57
4.16
40
28.7
45.42
1.03
23
55.5
25.16
Biotite and Garnetiferrous

sillimanite Gneiss
12.43
3.24
20
158.50
35.45
37.20
4.66
27
113
Major rock
group
Sand, Clay with Gravel

followed by Fractured
Biotite Gneiss
Biotite Gneiss
Sand with Kankar followed
by fractured Biotite Gneiss
and Calc Granulite
Depth Drilled
(m)
Total thickness
of zones (m)
152.40
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Varapalayam
Draw down
(m)
Discharge (lps)
Major Lithology
Static water
level (m)
Location
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Sl.
No.

83
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
9
10
11
Veerakeralam
Vedapatti
Vadakkalur
140.20
147.16
184.10

61.57
47.39
14.94
24.78
12.56
11.54
6.66
10
2.16
25
19
45
NA
NA
8
NA
NA
112
12
Kanur Pudur
100.74
4.50
16.83
6.66
14
73.3
13
Kumarapalayam
184.57
22.70
13.08
1.66
13
14
Rudrampalayam
182.86

withPegmatite and Quartz
Veins
27.14
17.08
6.66
15
Nariyampalli
70.10
25.42
7.23
6.66
25
16
Arasampalayam
123.14
2.55
19.38
0.33
13
17
Ellachipalaym
201.11
18.53
0.66
13
18
Ariyagoundanpalayam
201.17

with Pegmatites
with Pegmatites
with Pegmatites
25.47
8.33
10
19
Vetturvampalayam
220.60
3.10
18.14
0.33
34
148
20
Suripalayam
121.92
61
29.32
8.33
11
89.72 Crystalline Rocks (Archaean Pre-Cambrian)
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
NA
NA

22

78
74
84
22
Chennimalaipalayam
23
20.70
4.63
2.33
88
182.88

with Pegmatites
NA
4.17
8.30
10
Somanur
183.01
NA
NA
24
Kungumapalayam
121.92
Biotite Gneiss with

Pegmatites
NA
8.45
11.6
6
1.33
25
Sellakarichchal
129.51
24.84
6.03
1.30
38
82
26
Sugarcane Institute
121.92
Soil with Kankar, Biotite

Gneiss
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
27
Moyyandampalayam
187.90
23.05
4.57
3.33
53
28
Pongalur
182.88
Biotite gneiss
3.90
11
29
Puttrichal
182.88
Biotite gneiss
5.07
11.6
6
0.66
128.7
7
192.3
6
95
30
Udumalaipettai
122.33
3.10
NA
NA
31
Kumarapalayam
156.40
Hornblende gneiss with

quartz feldspathic gneiss
Biotite gneiss with
pegmatite
10.10
NA
NA
Depth Drilled
(m)
Total thickness
of zones (m)
182.88
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Nalligoundanpalayam
Draw down (m)
21
Discharge (lps)
Major Lithology
Static water
level (m)
Location
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Sl.
No.
Major rock
group

67
64
NA

85
Discharge
(lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Ramachandrapura
200
Granite gneiss
6.08
13.55
NA
NA
33
Appilipatty
200
Granite gneiss with

pegmatite
6.20
10.55
NA
NA
34
Guruvappanayakanur
200
Granite gneiss
6.04
5.49
NA
NA
35
Gomangalampudur
152.81
Granite gneiss
7.88
3.82
36
37
Kottathara
Agali Goat Farm
193
200
Hb-Biotite Gneiss
Hb-Biotite Gneiss
10.30
5.90
NA
15.88
1.80
0.80
NA
NA
NA
2
38
Chavadiyur
169
Hornblende Gneiss
17.35
10.01
7.70
NA
153
39
Melachundapetti
187.20
Hornblende Gneiss
6.30
17.50
0.50
NA
3.6
40
Kulukkur
129
Granite Gneiss
10.40
15.30
15
NA
97.6
41
Vattulukki
193.40
11.75
15.36
0.60
NA
21.2
42
Agali
193.40
Quartz feldspar Biotite

Schist
Hb-Biotite Gneiss
22.30
15.88
0.80
17
59.5
43
Chittur
200
Quartz Biotite Schist
20.20
14.52
0.30
NA
75
group
Static water
level (m)
32
Major Lithology
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

39.1

134.3 Crystalline Rocks (Archaean 4
Pre-Cambrian)
NA
NA
86
Static water
level (m)
Discharge
(lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
44
Chemmannur
200
Hornblende Gneiss
13
2.64
0.80
34
45
Moolakombupirivu
200
Hornblende Gneiss
22.60
17.70
NA
149
46
Ummathampadi
200
Hornblende Gneiss
14.30
9.44
NA
132
47
Kunnanchala
187.30
Hornblende Gneiss
10.40
30.35
0.10
NA
48
Mangarai
134.72
62.48
25.52
6.66
37
63.1
49
Veerapandipudur
188.97
Sand and Clay followed by

fractured Biotite Gneiss
Sand, Clay with gravel
followed by fractured
Biotite gneiss and
pegmatite
82.14
39.16
20
93
50
Chinnathadagam
152.04
100.6
0
20.89
3.15
12
53.7
51
Periyathadagam
182.36
Sand, Clay with gravel

Biotite Gneiss
Sand and Clay with gravel
Biotite Gneiss
64.25
50.90
0.33
16
40.5
52
Kalayanur
228.65
Sand and Clay followed by 59.43

28.55
77
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

87
54
Nanjundapuram
182.88
55
Puliyampatti
56
33
36
30.80
3.30
34
58
1.85
NA
NA
193
Thaneerpandal
300
Hb - Bio. Gneiss
26.35
35.50
0.50
NA
269
57
Mathipalayam
300
Bio. Granite Gneiss
75.50
300
NA
NA
NA
NA
58
Palayamkottai
229.72
Sand, Gravel and Clay,

Cuddalore Sandstone
NA
6.49
25.6
0

59
Ayyampettai
457.20
NA
24.38
Srimushnam
377
NA
23.32
22.3
0
NA
60
Sand, Gravel and Clay,

Cuddalore Sandstone
Cuddalore Sandstone with
clay intercalations
NA
13

5
230
Semi-Consolidated
Sediments (Carboniferous Pliocene and other ages)
61
Velakudi
120
NA
NA
NA
NA
96
62
S.R. Nagar
180.70
NA
NA
NA
NA
37
63
Matappuram
141.50
Sand and Clay, Sandstones

with shales
with shales
with shales
NA
NA
NA
NA
42
group
6.66
Depth to
bedrock (m)
28.53
183.30
Sand and Clay followed by 71.82

69.79
Biotite Gneiss
Charnockite and gneiss
6.20
Depth Drilled
(m)
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
138.07
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Madithur
Draw down
(m)
53
Major Lithology
Discharge (lps)
Location
Static water
level (m)
Sl.
No.

NA
88
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
64
Sivapuri
200.50

with shales
NA
NA
NA
NA
65
Poolamedu
201

with shales
NA
NA
NA
NA
84
66
Sivayam
200
Sand and Clay, Cuddalore

Sandstones, shales and
claystones
NA
NA
NA
NA
39
Semi-Consolidated
67
Kadvachcheri
200.30
Sand and Clay, Cuddalore

Sandstones, shales and
claystones
NA
NA
NA
NA
37
Semi-Consolidated
68
Lakkidi
200
Granite gneiss
21.70
NA
NA
69
Kunnampetta
124
Horneblende gneiss
12.60
1.95
NA
70
Kalpetta
200
Granite gneiss
21
2.60
0.33
NA
120
71
72
Koliyadi
Minangadi
200
200
Granite gneiss
Horneblende gneiss
11.50
15
0.30
8.10
0.40
1
NA
NA
NA
2
NA
85.4
73
Sultan Battery
200
Granite gneiss
26.50
8.39
2.17
NA
120
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

NA
89
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
74
75
Valavayal
Panamaram
190.50
200
Granite gneiss
Horneblende gneiss
7.60
16.70
5.41
5.50
8
2.50
NA
NA
NA
4
NA
72
NA
76
Niraval Puzha
200
Charnockite
16
5.56
1.50
NA
97
77
Ullissery
83.80
Granite gneiss
13.70
1.02
NA
51
78
79
Pulpally
Mananthavady
200
200
Granite gneiss
Horneblende gneiss
13.60
23.80
14
9.32
NA
NA
NA
3
NA
98
80
Thalapuzha
171.50
Granite gneiss
15.40
1.67
1.83
10.1
7
2.92
NA
81
Kartikulam
200
Gabbro & Diorite
29.10
200
NA
NA
82
Tholpetti
120
Granite gneiss
23.30
10.98
11
NA
83
Kilbhurikkal
191.38
Charnockite
NA
10.38
1.49
84
Sorangappanpudu
318
Granite gniess
12
NA
0.73
NA
85
Thadagam
300
Granite gniess
NA
0.20
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
NA
154.4 Intrusive Rocks (Archaean Pre-Cambrian)
NA
87

1
1
90
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
86
Byranatham
300
Granite
8.70
7.50
0.08
NA
32.5
87
Bevuhalli
300
Granite
11.50
14.60
3.34
37
20
88
Murthinayakanpatti
201
Charnockite
5.90
17.36
NA
NA
89
Pithalaipatti
110
Biotite Gneiss
6.10
12.55
2.83
12
90
Sellamantadi
184
Granite Gneiss
5.80
1.20
18
91
Padiyur
108
Charnockite
6.10
12.82
31
92
Kamashipuram
200
Granite Gneiss
1.21
12.4
0
0.77
34
93
Kuttam
184
Granite Gneiss
3.34
0.80
31

Pre-Cambrian)
94
Emakkalapuram
200
Granite Gneiss
12
9.50
1.70
32
95
Narasingapuram
200
Biotite Gneiss
6.10
11.70
0.50
NA
96
Gujiliyamparai
165.43
Biotite Granite Gneiss
12
13.55
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

61

Pre-Cambrian)
Pre-Cambrian)
91
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
97
D. Gudalur
200
Biotite Gneiss
12
16.02
1.22
NA
98
K.mettupatti
200
Granite Gneiss
6.10
13.38
NA
99
100
Vedasandur
Sankupillaippudur
200
200
Granite Gneiss
Granite Gneiss
6.10
14
200
16.24
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
101
Kallimandayam
130
6.60
1.37
15
102
Kondarangikiran
200
Charnockite with intrusive

pink granite
Charnockite
5.50
50
NA
NA
103
Kiranur
153
Granite Gneiss
5.60
2.24
NA
NA

80
NA
NA
1
NA
NA
104
105
Palani
Sindalavadampat
150
153
Granite
Granite Gneiss
6.10
8
50
4.61
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
NA
1
106
Ayyampalayam
130
Granite Gneiss
5.50
4.20
NA
107
Gujiliyamparai
100.07
5.50
13.70
12.2
4
1.79
108
S. Kodangipatti
161
Granite Gneiss
5.60
15.15
NA
NA
109
Tandakkaranpatti
136.20
Granite gneiss
6.10
18.92
1.90
11
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
NA
41
Pre-Cambrian)
1
92
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
110
Vakkampatti
140
Granite Gneiss
6.10
6.20
NA
NA
111
Ambatturai
160.90
Biotite Gneiss
6.10
7.13
NA
NA
112
Samathuvapuram
183.76
6.10
50
NA
NA
113
Rayarpatti
193.78
Granite gneiss and

Charnockite
Biotite Gneiss
12
22.60
NA
NA
114
Gandhigramam
183.76
Granite Gneiss
6.10
26.10
NA
NA
115
Reddiyarchattram
300.04
NA
50
NA
NA
116
Vavipalayam
182.83
Fractured Biotite gneiss
3.57
9.60
0.33
49
117
Anjur
146.47
Fractured Biotite gneiss
31.02
7.51
8.33
40
118
Ichchipalayam
300
Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
119
Periyakattupalaya
300
Biotite gneiss
5.60
50
NA
NA

Pre-Cambrian)
2
120
Pallapalayam
134.34
Biotite Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

1
3.99
93
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Mpn Puram
270
Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
122
Indiranagar
290
Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
123
Puduvalasu
252.34
6.10
50
NA
NA
124
Mungilpalayam
300
Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
125
Moolakottai
253.50
Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
126
Gnanipalayam
214.24
Granite gneiss
6.10
50
NA
NA
127
Siluvampalayam
158.98
Charnockite
6.10
8.10
NA
NA
128
Chinniyampalaya
252.34
Biotite gneiss
6.10
5.70
NA
NA
129
Sivagiri
275.20
Biotite gneiss
6.10
6.40
NA
NA
130
Chinnakinathupa
252.34
Biotite gneiss
NA
33.60
1.50
23
131
Salaipudur
225.86
Granite gneiss
6.10
18.27
1.37
34
group
Static water
level (m)
121
Major Lithology
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

Pre-Cambrian)
1

Pre-Cambrian)
94
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
132
Annanagar
259.96
Granite gneiss
100
NA
NA
133
134
Sathyanagar
Perumapalayam
299.48
260
Granite gneiss
Granite gneiss
6
6.10
14.36
100
0.50
NA
28
NA
NA
2
NA
20.86
135
Sreenivasapuram
183.76
Granite gneiss
6.10
50.94
NA
NA
136
Kongalampalli
206.62
Granite gneiss
6.10
38.18
0.50
28
110.6
8
14.24
137
Nasiyanur
295
Granite gneiss
12.20
NA
NA
NA
138
Erode
126
Biotite gneiss
6.10
6.80
4.38
139
Erode-vocpark
267.58
Granite gneiss
6.10
NA
NA
140
Chennimalai
229.48
Granite gneiss
14.60
267.5
8
80
108.6
8
1
NA
NA
141
Padiyur
252.34
Granite gneiss
6.10
80
NA
NA
38.1
142
Chavadipalayam
221.86
Granite gneiss &

Nephelene Syenite
6.10
80
NA
NA
143
Velliankattuval
237.10
Charnockite
6.10
80
NA
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

NA
95
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Nathakadaiyur(e
267.58
Charnockite
6.10
8.28
0.73
28
145
Ponnapuram
252.34
Charnockite
6.10
52.40
NA
NA
146
Ayyansalai
200
Biotite gneiss
6.40
4.06
5.76
147
Pudupalayam
260
Charnockite
5.45
13.19
NA
NA
148
Kambilyampatty
260
Charnockite
16.21
NA
NA
149
150
N. Kanjipuram
Karattupalayam
275.20
130.42
Charnockite
Charnockite
6
5.50
19.27
31.87
NA
1.20
NA
NA
2
151
Nallur
252.34
Charnockite
5.40
28.80
5.78
152
Kannivadi
107.56
Hornblende Biotite gneiss
5.40
27.10
153
Dasanakanpatty
252.34
Charnockite
5.40
252.3
4
26.3
2
NA
NA
NA
154
Muthampalayam
153.28
Biotite gneiss
5.50
46.70
1.18

Pre-Cambrian)
155
Chinnaripalayam
206.62
Charnockite
5.50
16.62
NA
NA
group
Static water
level (m)
144
Major Lithology
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

Pre-Cambrian)
1
Pre-Cambrian)
NA
4
NA
NA
NA
96
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Pattakara Pudur
153.28
Gneiss
6.50
57.05
13
157
Rattalavalasu
252.34
Charnockite
5.49
43.99
NA
NA
158
159
Thillaikavundanpudur
Talakkarai
260
220
Charnockite
Gneiss
5.40
5.50
260
9.35
NA
1.18
NA
1
NA
4
160
Ellipalayam
253
Biotite gneiss
6.40
6.60
NA
NA
161
Puduvadavalli
252.34
Charnockite
9.10
19.70
3.39
162
115.18
Hornblende gneiss
17.50
10.41
NA
NA
200
Charnockite
6.40
4.93
NA
NA
164
Kempanayakkanpalaya
m
Odayuakavundanpalaya
m
Chinnachettipalayam
200
Gneiss
5.40
200
NA
NA
165
Gopichettipalayam
160.90
Granite gneiss
NA
4.81
6.18
166
Pallapalayam
225
Biotite gneiss
NA
7.45
0.73
167
Nichchampalayam
187
NA
2.37
27
group
Static water
level (m)
156
163
Major Lithology
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

NA
NA
Pre-Cambrian)
1
Pre-Cambrian)
97
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
168
Makalpudur
195
NA
4.33
0.73
NA
36.1
169
Unjakkattu Colony
25
NA
NA
2.90
NA
170
Kongupalayam
160.90
Charnockite
NA
11.51
NA
NA
171
Kumarayanur
229.48
Charnockite
NA
11.35
1.78
18
172
Munanchavadi
214.24
Hornblende gneiss
NA
32.15
0.08
173
Mylampadi
134
Granite Gneiss
8.75
56.34
5.53
114
174
Chinnapuliyur
300
Granite Gneiss
25.75
11.75
1.79
41
76.6
175
Thalabayanur
300
Bio. Gr. Gneiss
27.25
NA
3.01
26
96.5

176
Oricheri Colony
300
Bio. Gr. Gneiss
16.30
3.25
1.91
17
136
177
Tittakattupudur
300
Bio. Gr. Gneiss
8.60
13.58
3.01
68
178
Sahayapuram
300
Bio. Gr. Gneiss
23.20
17.24
1.21
32
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

157

167
98
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Madanvalasu
205.20
Bio. Gr. Gneiss
12.60
NA
4.36
39
180
Solakalipalayam
300
Bio. Gr. Gneiss
21.20
11.44
1.79
17
181
Anjatti
300
Granite
1.50
11.20
NA
NA
182
Gopasamudram
238.50
Charnockite
35.50
18.57
1.40
16
183
Denkanikottai
222.60
Granite
12
5.80
2.11
81
184
Papancheri-II
271.27
Sand with Clay Sandstone

& Limestone
NA
4.57
37.9
0
15

1
185
Prataparamapuram
458.11

& Limestone
NA
3.40
4.72
17
12
186
Nalladai
376.24

& Limestone
NA
0.27
63.2
0
263.6 Consolidated Sediments

5
(Pre-Cambrian -Devonian
and other ages)
2
187
Sirkazhi
448.06
Sandstone & Limestone

with Clay
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
217
188
189
Thirumalaivasal
Tranquebar
101.49
265.18
Sand, Clay & Sandstone

NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
8
NA
NA
5
group
Static water
level (m)
179
Major Lithology
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

2
0.5
Semi-Consolidated
99
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
190
Thalanayar
359.10
Sandstone & Shale with

Sand & Clay
NA
NA
NA
NA
236
191
Voimedu
711
Sandstone & Limestone

with Sand Clay & Lignite
NA
NA
NA
NA
192
Thevur
687
NA
2.91
5.48
17
371
193
Vedaranyam
489.70
NA
NA
NA
NA
398
194
Valmangalam
300
Sand, Clay Sandstones

Calcareous Sandstones
Clay, Sands, Sandstone
and gravels
NA
3.88
12
18
260
195
Melvanjure
300
Clay, Sands, Clayey sands
NA
7.94
13
264
196
Eravanchery
400
NA
6.68
27
365
197
Kiludayathur
300
Clay, Sands, Sandstones,

Limestone
Clay, Sands & gravels
12.9
3
6.14
NA
7.42
9.52
13
259
198
Puthur
151
Sands, gravels
NA
NA
NA
NA
14
131
199
Thiruvaduthurai
150
Sandstone
NA
3.85
8.41
18
260
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
100
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
200
Nallathukudi
300
Sandstone
NA
7.73
9.24
13
242
Semi-Consolidated
201
Thalai Nayar
300
Standstone
NA
7.45
41
18
263
Semi-Consolidated
202
Kohur
300
Standstone
NA
7.80
60
10
10
191
203
T. Manalmedu
300
Standstone
NA
4.56
18
12
264
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
204
Vadakalathur
350
Standstone
NA
18
29
308
Semi-Consolidated
205
Agastiampalli
200
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
165
Semi-Consolidated
206
Rasipuram
183.29
Sand, alternate layers of

clay and sandstone.
Calcareous sandstone
with shell fragments,
limestone
Gneiss Charnockite
2.75
55.73
3.08

Pre-Cambrian)
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
101
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
207
Ariyagoundanpatti
274.73
Gneiss
5.50
65.74
1.05
11
208
R. Pattanam
267.11
12.10
29.30
NA
NA
209
Puduchatiram
244.25
Charnockites followed by
Gneiss
90
NA
NA
210
Kattumannarkovi
302.60
Clay, Sands
NA
25.29
8.52
15
211
Chidambaram
299.80
Clay, sands, gravels,

laterite
NA
23.90
10
212
Pudukrishnapura
300
Standstone
NA
49.35
2.77
213
Pennagaram
300
Charnockite
8.75
8.96
NA
NA
214
Marandahalli
230.03
Granite gniess
5.38
1.31
NA
NA
215
Konagihalli
181.18
Granite gniess
NA
NA
NA
NA
216
Venkatapuram
200
Granite Gneiss
6.20
32.50
0.20
NA
217
Manavadi
200
Biotite Gneiss
7.10
32.80
4.16
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

Pre-Cambrian)
23
260
208
61
Semi-Consolidated
2
1
85
102
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
218
Varavanai
160
Biotite Gneiss
13
4.16
98
219
Muthanpatti
200
Granite Gneiss
6.10
13.75
NA
NA
220
Palaya Jayankondam
200
Granite Gneiss
7.60
27
NA
NA
221
Pallampatti
200
Biotite Gneiss
24.40
NA
NA
222
N.venkatapuram
200
Granite Gneiss
15.50
0.20
NA
59
223
Chinnakariyampatti
196
Biotite Gneiss
21.85
2.77
20
37
224
Periyapudur
200
Biotite Gneiss
9.50
NA
NA
76
225
Hanumanthanpatti
200
Biotite Gneiss
25
NA
NA
61
226
Perakkampalayam
200
Granite Gneiss
14.70
NA
NA
57
227
Pallapatti Colony
200
Granite Gneiss
5.50
13.45
NA
101
228
Thogamalai
200
Granite Gneiss & Biotite

Gneiss
5.50
9.60
1.20
NA
51

229
Muttukuliyur
200
Granite Gneiss
5.50
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

NA
103
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
230
Punampalayam
200
Granite Gneiss
5.50
7.18
NA
NA
90.5
231
Valaiyur
200
Granite Gneiss
19
13.61
NA
NA
232
Kilakkuvadi
200
Granite Gneiss
14
23
NA
NA
233
Kilkunnupatti
200
Granite Gneiss
5.50
75
NA
NA
234
Vadakilkootam
120
Granite Gneiss
16.18
NA
NA
235
Maruakkalampatt
175
Granite Gneiss
20.95
20.50
NA
NA
92.6
236
Musiri
135.35
Granite Gneiss
5.50
20.50
NA
NA
96.6
237
Kizhakkuchittiaapuram
200
Granite Gneiss
10
18.80
NA
NA
238
M.kalathur
100
Granite Gneiss
8.50
21.35
NA
NA
0.55
239
Tandalaiputtur
100
Granite Gneiss
15.50
NA
NA

240
Muvanur
200
Biotite Gneiss
5.50
16.70
NA
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

Pre-Cambrian)
1
104
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
241
Sittilarai
200
Granite Gneiss
7.75
14.90
NA
NA
242
Nagayanallur
172
Granite Gneiss
5.50
14.85
NA
NA
243
Kattur
190
Granite Gneiss
5.50
16.30
NA
NA
244
M.kalathur
95
Granite Gneiss
9.50
22.60
NA
NA
245
Rajankadu
228.60
Sandstone with clay and

Shale
NA
2.06
11.3
3
25
246
Kattuthottam
245.05
Sand with Clay
NA
3.40
247
Madukkur
304.80
Sand with Clay
NA
0.34
13
248
Karunthattankudi
334.06
Sandstone, Clay &

Limestone
NA
NA
42.2
2
30.2
8
NA
NA
NA
249
Pattam
305.71
Sand, Clay, Gravel &

Sandstone
NA
9.07
250
Othankadu
304.80
NA
1.05
30
251
Veppankulam
243.84
NA
56.8
5
15.7
5
21.7
8
11
Major Lithology
Sand with Clay and

calcareious sandstone
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

249.6 Semi-Consolidated
4
1
NA
NA
9
8
105
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
Major (m)
rock
252
Thirunageswaram
450
Alluvium, Sandstone
NA
11
4.92
12
Semi-Consolidated
253
Sarabhojirajapuram
150
Alluvium, Sandstone
NA
NA
NA
NA
11
126
Semi-Consolidated
254
Pulavankadu
151
Alluvium, Sandstone
NA
4.80
NA
NA
13
255
Maravakkadu
154
Sand with Clay &

Sandstone
NA
3.40
NA
NA
6
Semi-Consolidated
256
Valayppati
152.19
6.02
21.10
2.96
257
Thokkavadai
145.10
Biotite Gneiss with

Pegmatite Intrusions
Granite Gneiss and Biotite
Gneiss
5.60
24.58
2.40
32
258
Elaichipalayam
197
4.50
NA
NA
NA
0.38
259
Varagur
76.61
Granite Gneiss
6.12
25
NA
NA
260
Elur
300
Granite Gneiss
6.12
28.10
NA
NA
1.02
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

106
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
261
Vennanduri
300
Biotite Gneiss &

Charnockite
6.10
300
NA
NA
262
Attanur
300
Charnockites & Gneiss
6.75
20
NA
NA
263
Mettala
300
6.10
15.44
NA
NA
264
Sittampoondy
201
Granite Gneiss &

Charnockite
14.30
NA
NA

265
266
Nallur Kandampalayam
Kalkurichi
220
285
Granite Gneiss
12.12
9
15.50
100
NA
0.01
NA
NA
NA
1
NA
1
NA
267
Belukurichi
300
Biotite Hornblende Gneiss
18
84.40
0.44
NA
268
Kadiranallur AR
(Minukinathanpatti)
300
Granite Gneiss
12
95
2.11
NA
NA
NA

NA
269
Singalandapuram
312
Granite Gneiss
18
95
0.09
NA
270
Malapalaiyam
280
Granite Gneiss
12
95
3.34
NA
271
Karungalpatti
300
Charnockite
12
0.32
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

107
273
Jayamkondacholapura
m
250.24
274
Devamangalam
230.16
275
Kodangudi
231.34
276
Edaikattu
277
278
36.83
38

NA
15.04
30.5
0

carbonaceous matter at
depths
Cuddalore Sandstone
NA
30.18
NA
NA
NA
4.29
15
457.50

mottled Clay
NA
4.29
12.2
0
5
Andimadam
198.12
Cuddalore Sandstone Clay

and Gravels
NA
26.61
29.6
0
10
Tularankuruchi
457.20
Cuddalore Sandstone wity

clay, shale and lignite
NA
27.04
30.7
0
group
NA
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Sand,Clay Cuddalore
Sandstone with
Calcareous nature at
bottom
Cuddalore Sandstone
Depth Drilled
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
154.53
Draw down
(m)
Marudur
Discharge (lps)
272
Major Lithology
Static water
level (m)
Location
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Sl.
No.
108
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Vikramangalam
376.80
Sandstone with Clay &

Charnockite
365
6.10
18.7
7
12
18
246
280
Ariyalur
450
NA
1.98
3.34
18
218
281
Kunnam
397
Alternate layers of Sand

and Clay Limestone
Fossiliferous Sandstone
Limestone
NA
NA
NA
NA
135
282
Kilkolathur
410
Sandstones Shales, Biotite

Gneiss
407.9
0
NA
NA
NA
283
Kulakkalnatham
635.50
Fossiliferrous Sandstone
claystone and shale
NA
NA
NA
NA
15
284
Venkatanarayanapura
m
728.50

clay intercalations
NA
16.89
689
18
18
472
285
Kaduvetti
610

clay intercalations
NA
19.75
21.7
9
11
376
286
Melakudieruppu
450.60
Clay, Cuddalore
sandstone, sands
NA
49
NA
NA
27
249
group
Static water
level (m)
279
Major Lithology
Discharge (lps)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
109
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
287
288
Marukkalam Kurichy
T. Palur
86.50
300.86
Cuddalore Sandstone
Sandstone with clay
NA
NA
NA
2.83
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
18
NA
290
289
Andimadam
301.88
Sandstone, Clay,
Carbonaceous with Lignite
NA
39.97
NA
NA
18
290
Tennur
200
Biotite Gneiss
NA
1.02
NA
291
Neduvasal
200
Biotite Gneiss
NA
0.50
0.73
NA
292
Karai
200
Granite Gneiss
NA
2.78
0.98
NA
293
Nochiyam
200
Biotite Gneiss
NA
2.16
0.08
NA
294
Kunnathur
191.38
Granite Gneiss with

Biotite Gneiss
NA
0.50
295
Pothapatti
200
Charnockite
NA
14.75
1.80
NA
296
Kavundampatti
138
Granite gneiss
NA
9.12
21
297
Chidambaram Nagar
200
Granite gneiss
NA
12.74
10.1
2
5.54
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
NA
Semi-Consolidated
263
Semi-Consolidated
101
103
156
60
Pre-Cambrian)
179
116
110
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
298
Regunathapuram
200
Granite gneiss
NA
3.20
0.77
NA
122
299
Care Colony
200
Pink Granite gneiss
NA
4.74
1.79
NA
156
300
Atthipalayam
200
Biotite gneiss
NA
10.26
0.77
NA
180
301
Pappankulam
200
Biotite gneiss
NA
4.36
1.79
NA
125
302
Divattipatti
195.48
Gneiss
11.50
30.20
NA
NA
95.6
303
Konganapuram
98
38.35
6.50
304
Padaveedu
213
Granite Gneiss rich in

Biotite
Biotite Gneiss
57
2.68
305
Kadathur
115
9.50
18.93
2.77
20
306
Elampillai
227
Granite Biotite Gneiss
31.40
NA
NA
307
Panamarathupatti
160.10
Granite Charnockite
NA
32.18
2.77
10
308
Chinnaseeragapadi
227
12
15
NA
NA
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)


1
1
1
3
111
310
311
Ganapathy Nagar
Kamarajapuram AC
312
0.94
8.65
8.65
300
85
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
1
Chattrappatti
178
Biotite Gneiss
5.50
22.90
NA
NA
313
Kelamangalam
249
9.70
11.25
1.65
19
314
Singalandapuram
260
Charnockite and Granite

Gneiss
Charnockites & Gneiss
8.70
122
3.84
315
Adichchapuram
280.26
Sand with clay and

sandstones
NA
1.52
45.7
3
16
10
316
Moovanallur
307.84
NA
2.02
33.0
5
14

4
317
Kokaladi
457.20
Sand with clay and

carbonaceous shale and
Tertiary sandstones
Sand with Clay, Sandstone
NA
3.50
12.8
4
3
318
Pinnathur
305.10
Sand, Clay Sandstones and

Shale
NA
4.85
6.30
13
2
group
37.60
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
10.60
300
244
Charnockite Biotite
Gneiss
Gneiss
Gneiss
Depth Drilled
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
144.20
Draw down
(m)
Sathya HC
Discharge (lps)
309
Major Lithology
Static water
level (m)
Location
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Sl.
No.

NA
NA
1.1
Pre-Cambrian)
1
112
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
305.40
Sand,Clay and Sandstone
NA
0.26
22.2
1
23
13
320
Kantikudikadu
398.07
Sandstone with Clay and

Shale
NA
2.28
3.40
15
321
Adanurtatti
456.89
NA
0.62
42.2
0
322
Thiruvarur
457.20
Sand with Clay &

Sandstone stone and
Limestone
NA
2.43
13
323
Maravakkadu
465.61
NA
3.20
37.1
6
45.0
8
324
Thiruthuraipoondi
666.20
NA
12.30
16.7
0
18
325
Thillaivilagam
536
Sandstone, Claystone and

Limestone wity sand and
Clay
Fossiliferous limestone
with Sand & Clay
NA
NA
NA
NA
18
326
Uppur
632
NA
NA
NA
NA
group
Draw down
(m)
Thirumakottai
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
Static water
level (m)
319
Major Lithology
Discharge (lps)
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
6
4
9
3
337
Semi-Consolidated
327
Consolidated Sediments
(Pre-Cambrian -Devonian
and other ages)
214
Semi-Consolidated
113
Static water
level (m)
SUBBASINDischarg
Draw
e (lps)down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
rock
Major (m)
327
Karuppur
400
Clay, sand, gravel
NA
5.37
6.69
27
348
328
Mannargudi
450
Sandstone
NA
10.46
12
NA
22
413
329
Koradacheery
151
Clay, sand, Sandstone
NA
4.62
NA
NA
330
K.periyapatti
200
Biotite gneiss
5.50
8.57
NA
NA
331
Kilpoigaipatti
150
Biotite gneiss
11.50
9.63
1.78
26
88
332
J.J. Nagar
184
Gneiss & Granite
17.80
6.65

Pre-Cambrian)
333
Krishnapuram
181
Gneiss & Granite
5.90
18.66
1.60
28
160
334
Poolangudi Colony
200
Gneiss & Granite
20.40
7.27
1.20
NA
156
335
Nilyampatti
200
Gneiss & Granite
11.50
91.85
NA
NA
336
Salaipatti
196
Gneiss & Granite
5.50
11.30
2.53
108

Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)
Semi-Consolidated
Semi-Consolidated
114
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down
(m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total
thickness of
zones
Major (m)
rock
337
Malar Nagar
200
Pink Granite
4.50
200
NA
NA
80.2
338
Magilambadi H.C.
200
9.90
3.48
NA
NA
339
Sobhnapuram
196
Biotite Gneiss & Pink

Granite
Granite Gneiss
10.40
19.66
NA
NA
340
Ullur
200
Granite Gneiss
5.50
32.30
NA
NA
341
Kavalkaranpatti
171.45
Granite Gneiss
8.50
9.25
1.79
12
342
Othakadai
200
Granite Gneiss
12
8.07
4.70
10
343
Gunnur
200
Granite Gneiss
7.25
7.27
4.70
12
115
344
Bharathinagar
185
Gneiss
15.50
21
0.78
132
345
Vengaimandalam
200
Gneiss
24.50
19.50
0.73
NA
346
Chinna Kattukulam
100
Granite Gneiss
15.50
NA
6.87
66
347
Kannanurpalayam
215
Granite Gneiss
12.50
215
NA
NA
NA
NA
348
Vadakhukoilpatti
150
Gneiss
15.50
28.40
6.88
10
Major Lithology
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

Pre-Cambrian)
80
Pre-Cambrian)

NA
115
Static water
level (m)
Discharge (lps)
Draw down (m)
No. of zones
encountered/
trapped
Total thickness
of zones (m)
Major Lithology
349
Melkurnathupattam
220
Granite Gneiss
16.50
18.10
0.08
NA
20.5
350
Kilkurnathupattam
203.50
21.10
25
351
Vairaperumalpatti
165
Granite Gneiss &

Charnockite
Hornblende Gneiss
27.50
14.50
1.78
352
Salakkadu
220
Granite Gneiss &

Charnockite
28
220
NA
NA
NA
NA
353
Kalpattichatram
203.50
Granite Gneiss
12.50
19
1.20
18
0.5
354
Aniyappur
203.50
Granite Gneiss
12.50
13.80
1.78
13
45
355
Timmanur
154
Granite Gneiss
9.50
17.30
2.20
Major rock
group
Location
Depth Drilled
(m)
Sl.
No.
Depth to
bedrock (m)

NA
116
Annexure VI : Salient features of hydro-meteorological stations

Salient features of Hydro- Meteorological Stations
Station
type
Indepen
dent
river
Regional
office
Circle
Division
Sub
division
Section office
Station
bank
Status
Zero of Gauge
(m)
Station
Name
Drainage area
(Sq. km.)
Sl.
No.
Hogenak
kal
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Cauvery
SD,
Bangalore
Hogenakkal
1636
252
Left
Existing
K.M.Vadi
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
K.M.Vadi
1330
765
Left
Existing
Kanakpur
a
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
KANAKAPURA
3425
612
Right
Closed
Gopuraja
puram
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Gopurajapuram
NA
Left
Existing
Kodumu
di
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Lower
Division,
Cauvery
Coimbator SD, Trichy
e
Kodumudi
53233
122
Right
Existing
117
Station
type
Indepen
dent
river
Regional
office
Circle
Division
Sub
division
Section office
Station
bank
Status
Zero of
Gauge (m)
Station
Name
Drainage
area (Sq.
km.)
Sl.
No.
Kollegal
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
Kollegal
21082
622
Right
Existing
Kudige
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
Kudige
1934
809
Left
Existing
Kudlur
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
Kudlur
709
92
Right
Existing
M.H.
Halli
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
M.H.Halli
3050
838
Left
Existing
10
Menangu
di
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Meenangudi
NA
Left
Existing
11
Musiri
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Lower
Division,
Cauvery
e
Musiri
66243
82
Left
Existing
118
Station
type
12
Muthank
era
GDSQ
13
Regional
office
Circle
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SWR
Division,
Cochin
Nalamma GDSQ
ranpatti
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
14
Nallathur
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
15
Nellithur
ai
GDSQ
Cauvery
16
Peralam
GDQ
17
Porakudi
GDQ
Indepen
dent
river
Division
Sub
division
Section office
Station
bank
Status
Zero of Gauge
(m)
Station
Name
Drainage area
(Sq. km.)
Sl.
No.
Site No. 32,

Muthankera
1260
705
Right
Existing
SR
Lower
Division,
Cauvery
e
Nallamaranpatty
9080
129
Right
Existing
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Nallathur
NA
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
Nellithurai
1475
301
Right
Existing
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Peralam
NA
Right
Existing
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Porakudi
NA
Left
Existing
Chaliyar
SD,
Kozhikode
Existing
119
Regional
office
Circle
Division
Sub
division
Drainage area
(Sq. km.)
Zero of Gauge
(m)
Sl.
No.
Station
Name
18
Sakleshp
ur
19
Station
type
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
SWRSD No.
3,
Mangalore
Sakleshpur
617
882
Right
Existing
Savandap GDSQ
ur
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
Savandapur
5776
Right
Existing
20
Sevanur
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
SEVANUR
258
337
Right
Existing
21
T.
Bekuppe
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
Kanakapura
3500
600
Left
Existing
22
T. K. Halli
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
T.K.Halli
7890
580
GDQ
Indepen
dent
river
Section office
Station
bank
Status
Existing
120
Regional
office
Circle
Division
Sub
division
Drainage area
(Sq. km.)
Zero of Gauge
(m)
Sl.
No.
Station
Name
Station
type
23
T.
Narasipu
r
GDSQ
24
Thengudi
25
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Cauvery
SD,
Bangalore
T.Narasipur
7000
635
Right
Existing
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Thengudi
NA
Right
Existing
Thengum
arahada
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
Thengumarahada
1370
217
Right
Existing
26
Thevur
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
Thevur
1248
168
Left
Existing
27
Thoppur
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Lower
Division,
Cauvery
e
JE,S-Thoppur
362
154
Left
Existing
Indepen
dent
river
Section office
Station
bank
Status
121
Regional
office
Circle
Division
Sub
division
Drainage area
(Sq. km.)
Zero of Gauge
(m)
Sl.
No.
Station
Name
Station
type
28
Thimman
ahalli
GDQ
29
Uccadai
30
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
SWRSD No.
3,
Mangalore
Thimmanahalli
1010
902.4 Left
2
Existing
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
Uccadai
NA
Closed
Urachiko
ttai
GDSQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Division,
Coimbator
e
Middle
Cauvery
SD,
Coimbator
e
URACHIKOTTAI
44100
179
Right
Existing
31
Akkihebb
al
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
5236
745
Right
Existing
32
Annavasa GDQ
l
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Hydrology
Division,
Chennai
Cauvery
Delta SD,
Karaikkal
NA
Left
Existing
33
Bendreh
alli
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Cauvery
SD,
Bangalore
1900
631
Right
Existing
GDQ
Indepen
dent
river
Section office
Annavasal
Station
bank
Status
122
Regional
office
Circle
Division
Sub
division
Drainage area
(Sq. km.)
Zero of Gauge
(m)
Sl.
No.
Station
Name
Station
type
34
Biligundu
lu
GDSQ
35
Chunchu
nkatte
36
EManagal
am
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Tunga SD,
Devangere
Biligundulu
36682
255
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
Cauvery
Division,
Bangalore
Upper
Cauvery
SD,
Bangalore
Chunchunkatte
2995
748
GDQ
Cauvery
C & S RO,
Coimbatore
S.E.(C&SR),
Bangalore
SR
Lower
Division,
Cauvery
e
Elunuthimangala
m
3386
129
Indepen
dent
river
Section office
Station
bank
Left
Status
Existing
Existing
Left
Existing
123
Annexure VII : Inventory of water tourism sites

Water Tourism Sites in the Basin
Sl.
No.
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
Kodaikanal Lake
Marayoor
Velankanni Matha Church
Velankanni Beach
Kodikkarai Beach
Nagore Dargha
Banasura Project, Padinjarathara
Lake
Tourist Spot
Pilgrimage (Church)
Beach
Beach
Pilgrimage (Masjid)
Tourist Spot
8
9
Yercaud Lake
Pazhassi Tomb
10
11
12
13
Kuruvadweep, Mananthavady
Thirunelli Temple, Mananthavady
Iruppu Falls
Nanjundeshwara Or Srikanteshwara Or Ayappa
Temple
Hogenakkal Falls
Somnathpur
Chamundi Hill
Sivasamudram Falls
Mysore Zoo
Karanji Lake
Kukkarahalli Lake
Lakshmi Kantha Swamy Temple
Dubare Forest
Bhagamandala
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
Name
Type
Waterbody
Kodaikanal lake
Amaravathi Reservoir
Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal
NA
WB
Relation
On
Near by
On
On
On
On
NA
District
State
Dindigul
Idukki
Nagapattinam
Nagapattinam
Nagapattinam
Nagapattinam
Wayanad
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Lake
Museums /
Monument
Island
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Waterfall
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Yercaud Lake
NA
On
NA
Salem
Wayanad
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Kabani river
Kabari River
Iruppu Falls
Kabini or Kapila River
On
Near by
On
On
Wayanad
Wayanad
Kodagu
Mysore
Kerala
Kerala
Karnataka
Karnataka
Waterfall
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Waterfall
Tourist Spot
Lake
Lake
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Reserved Forest
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Kaveri/ Cauvery River

Cauvery River
Devi Kere (Lake)
Kaveri River
Karanji Lake
Karanji Lake
Kukkarahalli Lake
Hebbal Lake
Cauvery River
Cauvery, Kanika, and
Sujyothi
On
Near by
Near by
Near by
On
On
On
On
On
On
Chamarajanagar
Mysore
Mysore
Chamarajanagar
Mysore
Mysore
Mysore
Mysore
Kodagu
Kodagu
Tamil Nadu
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
124
Sl.
No.
24
25
26
27
28
29
Name
Type
Balamuri Falls
Omkareshwara Temple
Nisarga Dham
Abbey Falls
Brindavan Gardens
Muthyala Maduvu (Pearl Valley) Waterfalls
Waterfall
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Tourist Spot
Waterfall
Tourist Spot
Waterfall
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
Shettihalli Submerged Church

Karaikal Beach
Karaikal
Kovai Kuttralam Fall
Poompuhar
Agaya Gangai Falls/ Kolli Falls
Veeranam Lake
Catherine Falls
Vyathiri
39
Waterbody
District
State
On
Near by
On
On
Pilgrimage (Church)
Beach
Pilgrimage (Church)
Waterfall
Tourist Spot
Waterfall
Lake
Waterfall
Tourist Spot
Cauvery River
Cauvery River
Cauvery River
Ponnaiyar and Arkavati
Rivers
Hemavathy River
Bay of Bengal
Bay of Bengal
Siruvani River
Kaveri River
Aiyaru
Cauvery River
Kallar river
NA
Mandya
Kodagu
Kodagu
Kodagu
Mandya
Bangalore
On
On
On
Near by
Near by
On
Near by
On
NA
Hassan
Karaikal
Karaikal
Coimbatore
Nagapattinam
Namakkal
Cuddalore
The Nilgiris
Wayanad
Karnataka
Pondicherry
Pondicherry
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu
Kerala
Chembra
Peak
NA
NA
Wayanad
Kerala
40
Ambalavayal Heritage Museum
NA
NA
Wayanad
Kerala
41
42
43
Belur
Mysore Palace
Madikeri Fort
Museums /
Monument
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Fort
Fort
Yagachi river
Karanji Lake
NA
On
Near by
NA
Hassan
Mysore
Kodagu
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
44
45
46
47
Srirangapatnam Fort
Tipu's Fort And Palace
Tala Kaveri
Ooty
Fort
Fort
Pilgrimage (Temple)
Hill Station
Cauvery River
Cauvery River
Kaveri River
Ooty Lake
On
On
On
On
Mandya
Mandya
Kodagu
The Nilgiris
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Tamil Nadu
Cauvery River
WB
Relation
On
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
Karnataka
125
Type
Waterbody
WB
Relation
Chinnar Wildlife
Sanctuary
Bandipur National
Park
Biligiri Rangaswamy
Temple (Brt)
Wildlife Sanctuary
Wayanad Wildlife
Sanctuary
Pakshipathalam
Bird Sanctuary
Nagarhole - Rajiv
Gandhi National
Park
Ranganathittu Bird
Sanctuary
Bannerghatta
National Park
Bird
Sanctuary
Tiger
Reserve
Wildlife
Sanctuary
Amaravathi
Reservoir
Kabini and Nugu
Reservoir
Cauvery River
Near by
NA
Idukki
Near by
Near by
Mysore 80
kilometers
NA
Wildlife
Sanctuary
Bird
Sanctuary
National
Park
Kabari River
Near by
Kabari River
9
10
11
12
13
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Nearest
City
District
State
Mammals
Reptile
s
Name
Birds
Sl.
No.
Year of
Establis
hment
Wildlife Sanctuaries / National Parks in the Basin
NA
NA
NA
NA
Chamarajanagar Karnataka
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Tiger, Leopard,
Elephant
NA
NA
NA
Wayanad
Kerala
NA
NA
NA
NA
Near by
NA
Wayanad
Kerala
NA
NA
NA
NA
Lakshmanthirtha
River
On
NA
Kodagu
Karnataka
NA
NA
NA
NA
Bird
Sanctuary
Tiger
Reserve
Cauvery River
Near by
NA
Mysore
Karnataka
NA
NA
NA
NA
Ponnaiyar and
Arkavati Rivers
Near by
Bangalore
Bangalore
Karnataka
NA
NA
Adichunhanagiri
Meikote Temple
Point Calimere
NA
NA
NA
NA
Hemavati River
NA
NA
Near by
NA
NA
NA
NA
Hassan
Mandya
Nagapattinam
1974 Tiger and

Lion,white
tigers,Leopard,
Elephant
0
NA
0
NA
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
Nugu
Mudumalai
NA
Tiger
Reserve
NA
Moyar River
NA
Near by
NA
NA
0
0
NA
NA
NA
NA
Kerala
Karnataka
Karnataka
Tamil
Nadu
The Nilgiris
Tamil
Nadu
NA
NA
126
Acronyms
AEZ
AIA
AIBP
APGCL
Agro-Ecological Zones
Annual Irrigated Area
Accelerated Irrigation Benefits Programme
Assam Power Generation Corporation Limited
AWS
Automatic Weather Stations

Brahmaputra and Barak Basin Organization
B&BBO
BB
BCB
BCM
BIS
BOD
BR
BRB
BWA
C&SRO
CAZRI
CBIP
CCA
CEA
CGWB
Ch
CIWTC
CPCB
CSMRS
cumec
cusec
CWC
CWPRS
D
DEM
DOS
DVC
EC
EFR
ERM
ETP
EW
FAO
Brahmaputra Board
Bansagar Control Board
Billion Cubic Metre
Bureau of Indian Standards
Biological Oxygen Demand
Balancing Reservoir
Betwa River Board
Barrage Weir Anicut
Cauvery and Southern Rivers Organization
Central Arid Zone Research Institute
Central Board of Irrigation & Power
Culturable Command Area
Central Electricity Authority
Central Ground Water Board
Chainage
Central Inland Water Transport Corporation
Central Pollution Control Board
Central Soil & Materials Research Station
cubic metre per sec
cubic foot per sec
Central Water Commission
Central Water and Power Research Station
Discharge
Digital Elevation Model
Department of Space
Damodar Valley Corporation
Electrical Conductivity
East Flowing Rivers
Extension, Renovation and Modernization
Effluent Treatment Plant
Exploratory Well
Food and Agriculture Organization
127
FC
FF
FMP
FRL
G
GCA
GD
GDQ
GDS
GDSQ
GFCC
GIS
GOI
GPI
GSC
Ha
HE
HFL
HO
hrs
Flood Control
I&CAD
Irrigation and Command Area Development

Indus Basin Organization
IBO
IBTL
IBWT
ICAR
ICPO
IM
IMD
Flood Forecasting
Flood Management Programme
Full Reservoir Level
Gauge
Gross Command Area
Gauge and Discharge
Gauge, Discharge and Water Quality
Gauge, Discharge and Sediment
Gauge, Discharge, Sediment and Water Quality
Ganga Flood Control Commission
Geographical Information System
Government of India
Grossly Polluting Industries
Gross Storage Capacity
Hectare
Hydro-Electric
Highest Flood Level
Hydrological Observation
Hours
Inter-Basin Transfer Link

Inter-Basin Water Transfer
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Irrigation-Cum-Power Outlet
Moisture Index
Indian Meteorological Department
India-WRIS
India-Water Resources Information System
IR
IRS
ISRO
IWAI
IWT
K&GBO
km
LBC
LGBO
LGP
LISS
Irrigation
Indian Remote Sensing
Indian Space Research Organization
Inland Waterways Authority of India
Inland Water Transport
Krishna and Godavari Basin Organization
Kilometre
Left Bank Canal
Lower Ganga Basin Organization
Length of Growing Period
Linear Imaging Self-scanning Sensor
128
lps
LSC
LULC
m
M&ERO
MAF
MCM
Mcum
MDDL
mg/l
MI
MLD
mm
MMIR
MOSDAC
MoU
MoWR
MPN
MSL
MU
MW
N&TBO
NBO
NBSS & LUP
Litres Per Second
NEEPCO
NEIC
NF
NGRBA
NHPC
NRLD
NRSC
NW
NWDA
NWDT
NWMP
NWP
OW
P
PET
PH
North Eastern Electric Power Corporation Limited
Live Storage Capacity

Land Use Land Cover
metre
Mahanadi and Eastern Rivers Organization
Million Acre Feet
Million Cubic metre
Million Cubic metre
Minimum Draw Down Level
Milligram per Litre
Minor Irrigation
Million Liters per Day
Millimetres
Major and Medium Irrigation
Meteorological & Oceanographic Satellite Data Archival Centre
Memorandum of Understanding
Ministry of Water Resources
Most Probable Number
Mean Sea Level
Million Units
Mega Watt
Narmada and Tapi Basin Organization
Narmada Basin Organization
National Bureau of Soil Survey & Land Use Planning
North Eastern Investigation Circle
No Flow
National Ganga River Basin Authority
National Hydro Power Corporation Limited
National Register of Large Dam
National Remote Sensing Centre
National Waterway
National Water Development Authority
Narmada Water Disputes Tribunal
Northern Water Monitoring Programme
National Water Policy
Observatory Well
Precipitation
Potential Evapotranspiration
Power House
129
pH
ppm
PS
PW
Q
R&R
RBC
RF
RRR
RRSC
RSC
S
SAC
SAR
SD
SMCS
SOI
Sq. km
SRTM
TAC
TBO
TC
TDS
Th ha
THDC
TW
UGBO
UIP
UJVNL
puissance de Hydrogen
UNESCO
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

Uttar Pradesh Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited
UPJVNL
UT
WB
WFR
WMO
WS
YBO
parts per million

Pisciculture
Peizometre Well
Water Quality
Rehabilitation and Resettlement
Right Bank Canal
Rainfall
Repair, Renovation and Restoration
Regional Remote Sensing Centre
Residual Sodium Carbonate
Sediment
Standing Advisory Committee
Sodium Absorption Ratio
Sub Division
Soil Moisture Control Section
Survey of India
Square Kilometres
Shuttle Radar Topographic Mission
Technical Advisory Committee
Tapi Basin Organization
Total Coliform
Total Dissolved Solids
Thousand Hectare
Tehri Hydro Development Corporation
Tube well
Upper Ganga Basin Organization
Ultimate Irrigation Potential
Uttarkhand Jal Vidyut Nigam Limited
Union Territory
WaterBody
West Flowing Rivers
World Meteorological Organization
Water Supply
Yamuna Basin Organization
130
References
Agro-climatic zones: planning Commission, 1989.
Central Water commission. 1997. India River Basin Atlas. New Delhi.
Central Water Commission. 1989. Major River Basins of India An Overview. New Delhi
Central Water Commission. 2012-2013. Annual Report. New Delhi.
Central Water Commission, 2012. Integrated hydrological data Book (Non-classified river
basins). New Delhi.
Ministry of Irrigation and Power. 1972. Report of the Irrigation Commission Volume III (Part 1
& 2). New Delhi.
National Remote Sensing Centre. 2011. Landuse/landcover Atlas of India based on Multitemporal Satellite Data of 2005-06. Hyderabad.
National Remote Sensing Centre, RRSC-West. 2012. River Basin Atlas of India. Jaipur: Jaipur
Printers.
National Remote Sensing Centre. December 2011. Assessment of Water Resources at Basin
Scale using Space inputs-a pilot study by NRSC and CWC for Godavari and Brahmani-Baitarni
basins. Hyderabad.
Sehgal, J.L., Mandal, D.K., Mandal, C. and Vadivelu, S. 1992. Agro-Ecological Regions of India.
2nd ed., NBSS Publication. 24, Technical Bulletin. National Bureau of Soil Survey and Land Use
Planning, Nagpur, India
Singh. R.L. et al, India A Regional Geography, 1971. Varansi.
Spate, O.H.K., 1960, India and Pakistan- A general and Regional Geography. New York:
Methuen & Co. Ltd and E.P. Dutton & Co. Inc.
Links:
India-Water Resources Information System: www.india-wris.nrsc.gov.in
Shuttle Radar Topography Mission SRTM) 90 m digital elevation Model: CGIAR. 2006,
http://srtm.sci.cgiar.org
131
Authors
ISRO Officials
CWC Officials
Dr. V.K. Dadhwal
Er. A.Mahendran
Director
National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC)
ISRO, Department of Space, Govt. of India
Balanagar, Hyderabad
Member (WP & P)

New Delhi
Dr. J.R. Sharma
Er. W.M. Tembhurney
Project Director, India-WRIS Project &

Chief General Manager
Regional Remote Sensing Centres - NRSC/ ISRO
DOS Branch Secretariat, Loknayak Bhawan
New Delhi
Chief Engineer (EMO)

New Delhi
Dr. S. Rama Subramoniam

Scientist/Engineer SE
Regional Remote Sensing Centre-West
NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur
Er R.K.Jain
Chief Engineer (BPMO)
New Delhi
Mr. Vipul Sharma
Er. YogeshPaithankar
Project Scientist
NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur
Director
Remote Sensing Directorate
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Mrs. Deepika Acharya Sharma
Er. Alok Paul Kalsi
Research Scientist
NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur
Deputy Director
Remote Sensing Directorate
Central Water Commission, New Delhi
Mr. Deepesh Kumar Jangid

Project Scientist
NRSC, ISRO, Jodhpur
132
India-WRIS Project Team

ISRO Officials
CWC Officials
Project Director
Dr. J R Sharma
Project In-charge
Er. Yogesh Paithankar, Director
Convener (S/W)
Sh. P G Diwakar
Quality Assurance
Team
Sh. V M Bothale, Sh. M V Ravikumar, Dr. S S Rao,

Dr. S N Das, Sh. D S P Rao, Ms. A Vijaya Banu,
Sh. Chandrasekaran, Sh. D J Chutia
Convener (Database)
Dr. A Jeyaram
Quality Assurance
Team
Dr. S Sudhakar, Sh. Uday Raj, Dr. M Kudrat,

Ms. Rajashree V Bothale, Dr. D Dutta,
Dr. G Ravishankar, Sh. S Pathak, Dr. K K Sarma
Project Coordinators
Sh. Shantanu B., Sh.Uday Raj, Dr. A T Jeyaseelan
Project Managers
Dr. A K Bera, Dr. B K Bhadra, Sh. S Pathak,

Dr. Rakesh Paliwal
Dy. Project In-charge

Er. Alok Paul Kalsi, Dy. Director
Er. Prashant Kumar Gupta, Dy. Director
Technical Guidance
Er. C K Agarwal, Chief Engineer (B & BBO)
Er. W M Tembhurney, Chief Engineer EMO
Er R.K. Jain, Chief Engineer (BPMO)
Groups and Work

Components
Project Leads & Project

Scientists at Lead
Centre
Research Scientists at
Lead Centre
DPDs & Project

Scientists
Team
S/W Design,
Architecture,
Integration, Data
Security, Web
Hosting & Website
Sh. Gaurav Kumar

Sh. K S Srinivasan
Ms. Suman Gurjar

Ms. Pragya Chaturvedi
Ms. Shilpa Taneja
Ms. S V Pravalika
Ms. Divya Mishra
Ms. Jyotsana Chuchra
Mr. Samuel Lourdraj C
Mr. Rahul Sharma
Mr. Piyush Dubey
Mr. V Srinivasa Reddy
Ms. Chitra S Pai
Ms. Manasa Devi B
Mr. Mohamed Ali S
Ms. Hemlata Gehlot
Mr. Amit Kumar
Mr. Devdatta Tengshe
Mr. Jai Prakash Jyani
Mr. Munish Gorsi
Ms. Deepika Acharya
Ms. Pratima Tak
Mr. Niteen K Bankar
Ms. Himani Singh
Ms. Sneha
Ms. Kamini Yadav
Mr. Goutam Bhati
Mr. Debhasish Bhakta
Mr. Nitin Chauhan
Ms. Ila Agnihotri
Mr. Vishal Singh
Ms. Vineeta Sharma
Dr. N Vyjayanthi
Dr. Shirsath Paresh B
Mr. Sanjay Kumar
Ms. Rashmi Rekha Dutta
Mr. Brij Kishor Jashal
Sh. Vinod M Bothale

Sh. Shantanu B
Sh. K Nagajyothi
Sh. S S Rajashekhar
Sh. Harish Karnatak
Sh. D Giribabu
Dr. A V Suresh Babu
Sh. E Sivasankar
Er. Navin Kumar, Director
Database
Organization & Geodatabase Standards
Legacy Data ISRO
Projects
Watershed Atlas &

Water Resources
Projects
Administrative
& Thematic Layers
Sh. Hansraj Meena
Dr. A K Bera
Dr. Rakesh Paliwal
Dr. Rakesh Paliwal

Sh. Ashish Kumar Jain
Dr. A K Bera
Dr. Rakesh Paliwal
Er. Sagar S Salunkhe
Dr. B K Bhadra
Dr. Rakesh Paliwal
Sh. S Pathak
Sh. Sushilkumar B Rehpade
Sh. Amanpreet Singh
Environmental Data
Dr. S Rama Subramoniam

Dr. Manoj Joseph
Capacity Building,
Modelling, Value
Addition & Report
Sh. S Pathak
Er. S N Abraham, Director

Er. R Azhagesan, Director
Er. Ashish Banerjee, Director
Er. Rajiv Kumar, Director
Er. Piyush Ranjan, Executive Engineer
Dr. M C Gupta
Dr. S N Das
Dr. S S Rao
Sh. K Abdul Hakeem
Dr. V V Rao
Dr. G Ravishankar
Dr. A V Suresh Babu
Sh. B Simhadhari Rao
Ms. Rajashree V B
Dr. G Sreenivasan
Dr. S Ravindranath
Dr. K H V Durga Rao
Dr. D Dutta
Dr. V M Choudhary
Sh. P V Raju
Sh. P Satyanarayana
Er. Pankaj Sharma, Dy. Director

Er. Amarjit Singh, Dy. Director
Er. S K Chaturvedi, Dy. Director
Er. Y S Varshney, Executive Engineer
Er. Manoj Paunikar, Executive Engineer
Er. Amitabh Prabhakar, Executive Engineer
Er. Vishal Garg, Assistant Director
Er. M Sahabdeen, Assistant Director
Er. Ashish Awasthi Assistant Director
Er. R. Bhaskaran, Assistant Director
Dr. S N Das
Sh. John Mathew
Sh. M Shanker
Sh. B Simhadhari Rao
Dr. P Manavalan
Sh. Pramod Kumar
Sh. P V Raju
Dr. K H V Durga Rao
Lead Centre: Regional Remote Sensing Centre - West, NRSC/ISRO, Jodhpur
133
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