Drilling Fluid Systems Products PDF

Drilling Fluid Systems
& Products
version 5
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products Version 5
Version 5 Drilling Fluid Systems & Products
Table of contents
Overview
Integrated Solutions
Integrated Borehole Strengthening Solutions (I-Boss) 6

Opti-Stress 8
Drilling Fluid Simulation Software
10
OptiBridge 10
Press Pro RT
12
Virtual Hydraulics
14
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products:

Water-base Systems
15
Drilplex
15
Duratherm
17
Envirotherm NT
18
Glydril
20
K-Mag
22
Kla-Shield
23
Poly-Plus
25
SAGDril
26
Sildril
28
Ultradril 30

Oil-base Systems
33
Envirovert 33
Megadril System
34
Rheliant
36
Versaclean/Versadril
38
Warp Advanced Fluids Technology
39

Synthetic-base Systems
45
Ecogreen
45
Nova Systems
48
Paradril
50
Paraland
51
Paratherm/Versatherm 53
Drilling Fluid Products
54
The MISWACO solutions mindset permeates our

company
and p ositively influences the problem-solving
orientation we have toward our clients, the solutions

we deliver, our new-technology advancement, people
development within our company and our future strategies.
People are a valuable asset

worth developing
Before people work for MISWACO,
we screen them not only for current
skills and experience, but also for their
willingness to learn new things, solve
problems and help others. Once they
join the MISWACO organization,
employees have the advantages
of a global learning-management
system which provides worldwide
access to learning, inhouse and
custom elearning solutions, talent
and competency management, and
performance management.
Starting with the basic building blocks
of training for the job at hand,
MISWACO instructors quickly bring
new specialists up to speed in the
disciplines required for them to deliver
maximum value from our products
and services.
MISWACO ensures customers

around the world get the highest
level of service by standardizing
training courses to meet the universal
expectations of all operators. Where
locale dictates certain specialized
practices, MISWACO trainers prepare
field personnel for those details as well.
Once these capable people are
working in the field, their learning and
training are not over. In fact, basic
training is just the beginning of a
successful career with MISWACO.
As an organization, we are developing
career paths, checkpoint criteria and
progress-measurement methods to
keep MISWACO and its people at the
forefront of the industry.
Research and development
QHSE
MISWACO has made considerable

investments in research and
engineering facilities as well as
laboratories and field-support
operations. Our Research and
Engineering Center in Houston and our
three International Technical Centers
- in Houston; Aberdeen, Scotland
and Stavanger, Norway - provide
24 hr assistance, and innovative
solutions, anywhere in the world. Our
Ecotoxicological Laboratory in Bergen,
Norway, performs a wide range
of analytical services. Drilling and
production frontiers such as offshore
Canada, Russia and the Caspian Sea,
China, Latin America, and land and
offshore operations throughout North
America are now just a phone call
or mouse click away from powerful
technical support.
Each of our global business units

has a Quality, Health, Safety and
Environmental (QHSE) manager who
reports to our headquarters in Houston.
Our loss-prevention teams ensure
that MISWACO operations are in
compliance with the latest safety
standards. Full-time occupational health
and safety specialists make sure that
our locations and the customer locations
and rigs where our people work are
safe. The Occupational Health group
provides a management framework
that monitors and investigates a broad
range of health hazards and initiates
controls to manage those hazards
through programs such as Hearing
Conservation, Respiratory Protection,
Ergonomics and Malaria Control.
Our customers also frequently utilize
our expertise to assess potential
occupational health issues involving
our products at their sites.
MISWACO people operate with

an awareness of the environment
and a sense of responsibility for
protecting it. We operate specialized
laboratories, including a greenhouse,
where our environmental specialists
conduct exhaustive tests for toxicity,
biodegradation, recyclability, reuse
and more. On a larger scale, our
environmental emphasis and expertise
are guiding forces behind the
companys focus on Environmental
Solutions. Prime examples of this
philosophy can be seen in our line
of production chemicals and our
Ecotoxicological Laboratory in
Bergen, Norway.
MISWACO will continue to establish
itself as a leader by listening to
customers and trusting our people to
develop customized solutions to solve
their problems.
Solutions for you and your well
Drilling Fluid Systems

& Products
Wellsite and project engineering

Simulation software
Drilling-fluid systems and additives
Alpine Specialty Chemicals*
Federal* Wholesale
Production Technologies
Specialty production chemicals
Chemical management
Drag reduction
Completion Fluid Systems

& Products, Reservoir Drill-In
Fluids, Breakers, Filtration &
Specialized Tools
H2S treatment
Engineering/simulation software
Reservoir drill-in fluids
Intervention fluids
Descaling, decontamination
and decommissioning
HDD Mining & Waterwell
Commodity and utility chemicals
Technical support
Produced water treatment
Breakers
Production Waste Management
Spacers and Displacement Chemicals
Specialized Tools
Completion Fluids
Filtration
Fluid-loss control systems
Packer fluids
Solids Controls, Pressure

Control & Waste Management
Rig-equipment engineering
Solids control
Solids-control systems
Mud mixing
Shakers
Mud cleaners
Centrifuges
Fluids Processing System (FPS)
Cuttings handling
and transportation
Oilfield screens
Waste injection
Cuttings treatment
Pressure control
D-Gassers
Disc-type chokes
Shuttle chokes
Choke consoles
Pressure & Fluid
Management System (PFMS)
Rig instrumentation
Enhanced fluids treatment
Vessel cleaning
Produced water treatment
Production waste management
Integrated Borehole Strengthening Solutions

(I-Boss)
The I-Boss strategy is an ideal option for
mature fields, extended-reach drilling,
complex well configurations, zones
with narrow pore-pressure/fracturegradient drilling windows and when
drilling through fragile or depleted zones
above the target. The multi-pronged
methodology, which begins with a
pre-drilling well analysis, resolves
many of the limitations of after-the-fact
remedial treatments for stopping drilling
fluid losses that often are unsuccessful.
The exclusive I-Boss* multi-disciplinary

wellbore strengthening strategy is a
revolutionary approach to minimizing the
excessive non-production time (NPT)
and enormously expensive costs of
dealing with wellbore instability and
resulting lost circulation.
Features
I-Boss combines chemicals, mechanical

and engineering software tools into
an integrated solution that effectively
stabilizes wellbores during well
construction. The I-Boss approach
does not necessarily prevent fracturing,
rather it uses techniques that
manipulate existing and/or
drilling-induced fractures to increase
wellbore stresses, mitigate fracture
propagation and seal the wellbore.
As no universal cure exists for all

drilling problems, the I-Boss solutions
draw upon a range of proven tools
and integrate the elements needed
for a successful outcome on a wellby-well basis. As such, operators can
construct wellbores in zones with
low fracture gradients, resulting in
significantly reduced drilling costs,
less non-productive time, and possibly
elimination of an entire casing string.
Flexible solution can be tailored for

specific wells
Computer optimization
Rigsite testing apparatus
Ideal for permeable formations
Novel solutions for shale and

carbonate formations
Ability to recover bridging particles
Real-time, in-line particle size
measurement
Benefits
Reduced downhole fluid loss
Lower NPT
Potential to drill difficult plays
Applicable for depleted zones
Reduced stuck pipe incidence
Potential reduction of one or more

casing strings
Reduced waste volumes
Reduced well construction costs
In addition, the comprehensive I-Boss

toolkit includes the patented Managed
Particle-Size Recovery* (MPSR)
technology that recycles wellbore
strengthening materials, thus reducing
drilling waste and cleanup problems.
Overall, the I-Boss Suite of solutions
reduces the waste associated with
building larger volumes of whole mud to
accommodate downhole losses.
The mechanics I-Boss wellbore
strengthening
The fundamental difference between
I-Boss and simple lost circulation
cures is that the latter deals only
with mitigating losses of whole
mud. Wellbore strengthening with
I-Boss focuses on avoiding losses
by increasing the apparent fracture
gradient. This is accomplished
through enhancement of wellbore
circumferential stresses, sealing
induced and existing fractures, and
isolating the fracture tip to prevent
its elongation.
This stress environment is created in
much the same way that one would
shore up an arch with a keystone, and
thus, in a similar fashion, wedging or
propping open fracturesand maintaining
them in that state with particulates or
settable chemicals.
Before beginning, the M-I SWACO

specialist gathers information about the
proposed well and uses M-I SWACO
procedures, software and laboratory
equipment to determine the exact
combination of particulates that are
needed. Those tools include:
Induced fractures: during drilling,

Wellbore Strengthening
Material (WSM) is driven
into fractures as they are
induced. The WSM acts
similar to a keystone
in an arch.
Opti-Stress* software for designing

particulate-based solutions
Laboratory testing equipment
specifically designed for validation
and preplanning, including
High-pressure matrix loss tester
Low-pressure matrix loss tester
Fracture tester
Cylindrical fracture cell
Drilling and monitoring

Throughout the well construction
process, M-I SWACO proprietary
software, specialized wellbore
strengthening products, testing
equipment and procedures are used
to identify the most cost-effective
solution for the specific project.
As drilling progresses, real-time
sampling, monitoring and adjustments
keep the wellbore-strengthening
process optimized for the drilling
conditions at hand.
A suite of proprietary engineering
software is employed to monitor
the operation during execution that,
among other functions, identifies
potential problems and creates a virtual
snapshot of downhole fluid behavior
during drilling.
When drilling-fluid pressure induces a fracture, fluid fills the

void, wedging it open until properly sized WSM is forced into
the opening. This wedging process squeezes the formation
outward, around the perimeter of the wellbore.
Outward compression of formation:

where the WSM wedges into the
induced fractures, it generates
compression in the wellbore
wall as it forces aside
the formation.
Integrated Solutions: Integrated Borehole Strengthening Solutions (I-Boss)
I-Boss pre-drilling planning
Outward compression and strengthening of the wellbore
Once the drilling fluid is trapped in the fracture behind

the WSM bridge, the filtrate bleeds off into the porous
formations, and the fracture closes. In impermeable
formations where the filtrate cannot bleed off,
the WSM bridge must completely seal the fracture.
The drop in fluid pressure within the fracture transfers

high compressive stress to the WSM bridge, thus
maintaining wellbore compression.
Opti-Stress
Opti-Stress employs a probabilistic

technique that utilizes WSM expected
uncertainties in rock properties and
drilling parameters. The software
is Excel-based and is designed to
operate as part of the M-I Engineering
Constellation Control Program (ECCP)
suite of programs.
Wellbore Strengthening Software:

Drilling Solutions
Opti-Stress comprises three main

components that calculate
An integral component of the I-Boss

wellbore strengthening technology, the
proprietary Opti-Stress* engineering
software package was developed to
assist with the design of Wellbore
Strengthening Material (WSM)
treatments. The software utilizes
the Circumferential, or Hoop, Stress
Enhancement concept of I-Boss to first
calculate the fracture width required
to be achieved by a desired wellbore
pressure, then calculates an WSMWSM
formulation of the correct particle size
distribution (PSD) to fill, prop and seal
the fractures.
Fracture width
Total concentration of the WSM
blend required to bridge and seal
the fracture
The particle size distribution and
concentrations of individual WSM
components in the WSM blend.
In making the calculations, the user

inputs a variety of rock properties
and available WSM products. The
program uses a finite element analysis
technique employed in rock mechanics
to calculate the fracture width. Once
the fracture width is calculated, the
program selects the appropriate PSD
and wellbore strengthening material
blends to bridge, prop and seal fractures
to maintain the required wellbore stress
that allows use of the desired wellbore
pressure in targeted formations.
As some uncertainty always exist in
the input parameters used to calculate
the fracture width, Opti-Stress employs
Monte Carlo analysis, typically running
thousands of calculations that pick
random values of the input parameters
within their uncertainty bands and
in the process generating a scattershot probability distribution curve for
the fracture width ties in the input
parameters. WSM blends can be
calculated for any point on that curve.
Comprises three components that

determine fracture width, WSM
concentration and PSD
Proprietary engineering tool
Uses probabilistic techniques based
on Monte Carlo simulation
Probability model addresses
uncertainties
Integrated Solutions: Opti-Stress
Features
Utilizes hoop stress enhancement

concept
Excel-based package
Benefits
Helps assure success of wellbore

strengthening strategy
Reduces uncertainties
Minimizes NPT
Accurately and quickly identifies

product solutions
Reduces drilling costs
Enhances well control
OptiBridge
Any fluid entering your reservoir affects

production. Whether its a kill pill, a
reservoir drill-in fluid or one designed
for lost circulation or perforation
sealing, it must be formulated precisely
to block invasion and, ultimately,
prevent formation damage. The first
step in designing a non-damaging fluid
is to determine the ideal particle-size
distribution for the bridging material.
Our proprietary OptiBridge* software
gives the MISWACO engineer a tool
for precisely and quickly selecting
correctly sized bridging agents. With the
OptiBridge program, the MISWACO
engineer inputs formation data as well
as information about locally available
products. Then the software calculates
the best-fit mixture of locally produced
bridging particles for effectively sealing
the formation face.
The OptiBridge tool is another example
of our commitment to ensure the
integrity and long-time productivity of
your reservoir.
Versatile software that takes the guesswork out of designing non-damaging reservoir fluids
OptiBridge software makes sure no

void is left unsealed
The OptiBridge program improves on
the popular Ideal Packing Theory, which
takes a graphical approach to determine
the optimum sizing of bridging material
for specific formation characteristics.
Basically, this theory examines all the
voids in a given formation and considers
the full range of particle-size distribution
that will be required to fill them effectively.
OptiBridge software takes that theory
a major step further. It generates a
mathematical model based on the largest
pore size, also known as the D1/2 rule.
10
Features
Accurately matches local bridging

agents with formation characteristics
Applicable for reservoir drill-in fluids,
lost-circulation treatments, kill pills,
fracture sealing and perforation sealing
Prevents fluid invasion
Uses actual formation and bridgingagent information that will provide an
optimum filter cake
Advantages
Reduces formation damage

Takes the guesswork out of selecting
bridging material
Lowers material costs
Optimizes production
Because the OptiBridge program

considers characteristics of your
specific formation and matches them
with bridging particles available in your
area, there is no concern about having to
wait or bear the burden of extraordinary
delivery costs. Whats more, this powerful
software package ensures the desired
solids are maintained in the fluid system,
allowing you to maximize your solidscontrol program while still maintaining
the precise particle-size distribution of
the bridging agent.
Operator:
Well Name:
Location:
Comments:
1999 - 2007 M-I L.L.C. - All Rights Reserved
Largest Pore Size :
Operator 1
102
microns
Sand Control Device :
Wimberly #1
Houston
Optimum Blend
Optimum Bridging Agent Blend

1.0
D10 - D50 - D90

Target__
0.9
D10 Target / Blend:
__Blend
1.3
1.7
microns
D50 Target / Blend:
31.5
29.7
microns
D90 Target / Blend:
102.0
143.5
microns
Optimum Blend for 0 to 100 % CPS Range
0.8
Brand Name
Cumulative Particle-Size Distribution
0.7
0.6
Bridging Agent(lb/bbl)
Vol %
A=Safe-Carb 2 (VF)
0.1
B=Safe-Carb 10 (F)
0.0
0.00
C=Safe-Carb 20
14.5
48.48
0.29
D=Safe-Carb 40 (M)
15.4
51.23
E=Safe-Carb 250 (C)
0.0
0.00
F=Safe-Carb 500 (XC)
0.0
0.00
0.5
A
0.3%
0.4
C
48.5%
0.3
D
51.2%
0.2
0.1
Simulation Accuracy
Calcium Carbonate added :
0
1x10 -2
1x10 -1
1x10 0
1x10 1
Particle Size (microns)
1x10 2
1x10 3
1x10 4
30
lb/bbl
Avg Error 0 - 100 % CPS Range :
1.63
Max Error 0 - 100 % CPS Range :
11.58
Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: OptiBridge
Using the software, the MISWACO

engineer examines data from the
targeted formation, including maximum
pore-size opening, permeability and/or
screen sizes, and combines that input
with the bridging-particle information.
From that model, the OptiBridge program
automatically generates a target line of
the optimum blend of particles that will
effectively minimize solids and filtrate
invasion. Once the optimum blend is
known, the ratio of bridging materials
can be perfectly matched to the
formation characteristics.
OptiBridge software generates a target line that defines the ideal blend of locally produced
bridging materials that would best fit the targeted formation characteristics. Available anywhere in
the world, the OptiBridge service is an ideal tool for formulating a non-damaging reservoir drill-in
fluid. It also can be used to design fracture-sealing and lost-circulation treatments, and to formulate
kill and perforation sealing pills for workover and completion operations.
OptiBridge software: One more weapon

in the battle against reservoir damage
The OptiBridge program clearly
illustrates the ingenuity and lengths that
MISWACO will undertake to develop
systems and tools to minimize formation
damage and maximize your production.
To find out more about how the
OptiBridge program is performing for our
customers worldwide, contact your local
MISWACO representative.
11
PressPro RT
The PressPro package
Rig-floor display
Rig
Data
source
PressPro RT
MWD/LWD
Onshore drilling center
The PressPro RT package includes a computer that connects to the data-source companys
c omputer to receive and send data. The real-time data, in turn, is either sent back to the
dataacquisitioncompany or to another third party responsible for the rig-floor display.
The PressPro* RT service from

MISWACO provides unprecedented
remote and wellsite engineering s upport
with a unique, specifically designed
suite of software. This proprietary
and innovative suite of programs use
surface measurements to calculate
downhole pressure profiles and fluid
properties in real time during drilling,
tripping and other critical operations.
This unique technology not only
provides up-to-the-second Equivalent
Static Densities (ESDs) and Equivalent
Circulating Densities (ECDs) at any
point in the wellbore during drilling, but
also delivers surge and swab p ressure
measurements, Equivalent Dynamic
Density (EDD) while tripping drill pipe or
setting casing.
12
And the PressPro RT system is

an advanced wellsite service.
The PressPro RT system and
dedicated computer aboard the rig are
maintained by an MISWACO criticalwell analyst, an experienced fluids
specialist trained in all aspects of drilling
the most demanding deepwater, HTHP,
extendedreach, and multilateral wells.
The virtual sensor package provides
ESD, ECD, and other key values for
display at the drillers station as if they
were measured values.
Using the PressPro RT package is
like running the Virtual Hydraulics*
package in real time.
Virtual Hydraulics provides a

snapshot. PressPro RT gives you
the movie.
Now, the industry has access to an
immediate processing technology
that expands on the field-proven
MISWACO Virtual Hydraulics* and
Virtual Rheology* platforms to
consistently and accurately calculate
ECDs and pump pressure as they occur.
You get the information you need to
mitigate, and even eliminate, critical
drilling problems and events that can
jeopardize the efficiency and economics
of high-cost drilling programs.
Because the system works in real time,
you can make changes on the fly and
impact operations that are ongoing.
Offsite centers cut cost, not service

The PressPro RT system can also
be monitored from a remote, onshore
drilling center, also known as a realtime operations center. Real-time OCs
can perform certain critical and routine
functions traditionally performed at the
wellsite and have input from experts
who have a virtual presence at
multiple wellsites. OCs can provide
reliable, inexpensive transmission of
drilling data to and from remote sites
with minimal delay.
The PressPro RT system has been
installed in clients OCs to facilitate
efficient deployment and provide instant,
remote access to real-time drilling and
other operational data. Results are
compared immediately to Pressure
While Drilling (PWD) and can be merged
seamlessly with the real-time data stream
simultaneously accessible at the OC and
at the rigsite.
If it impacts drilling or tripping, the
PressPro RT service has you covered
Specially designed PressPro RT modules
provide valuable information about all the
properties of the fluids in the wellbore.
DrillPro* RT software targets c ritical

parameters that must be c onsidered
when drilling a well. For the very first
time, ECD profiles are calculated and
displayed every second while both
drilling and making connections
TripPro* RT software calculates and
displays real-time fluid parameters
while tripping drill pipe and running
casing - situations where wellbore
conditions can change very quickly
SnapShot RT software provides a
continuous graphical display of
downhole profiles
Visual Hydraulics software provides a
visual representation of downhole
metrics using an easyto-understand
color scale
PressPro RT Navigator* provides a
virtual window into downhole
hydraulics using sophisticated 3-D
visualization and interactive navigation
that combine advanced drilling
technology and 3-D computer graphics
Virtual Hydraulics software, long an

integral component of the MISWACO
PressPro RT wellsite engineering
service is the gold standard in the
industry against which all other hydraulic
programs are compared. Together, this
incomparable suite of programs is ideal
for the planning, monitoring, evaluating,
optimization and collaboration required to
successfully tackle todays critical wells.
The PressPro RT system is one
more example of why MISWACO
is the industry leader when it comes
to developing solutions to the most
demanding applications.
Features
PressPro RT and PWD: a perfect match

The PressPro RT package is an integral
part of ECD management. It does not
replace the popular PWD tool. Instead,
it complements PWD data, comparing
the what are measurements of PWD
with a what should be scenario for
early detection of impending problems.
While PWD p rovides a single-point
measurement at the bit, the PressPro RT
package calculates complete profiles of
downhole hydraulics and mud behavior.
Additionally, it can substitute for the PWD
when the tool is unavailable, such as
while running casing, when the tool is
non-operational, or when temperatures
or pressures exceed tool limitations.
PressPro RT and Virtual Hydraulics
packages are a winning combination
Now a vital element in many operators
onshore real-time drilling centers,
the PressPro RT package is the only
technology that provides in-time
equivalent static and equivalent
circulating densities at any point in the
wellbore during drilling.
Drilling Fluid Simulation Software: PressPro RT
The PressPro RT system leverages

the proven technologies in the
Virtual Hydraulics module and displays
key downhole profiles and fluid properties
in a real-time SnapShot* graph that
is continuously updated with live
drilling and tripping data. Whereas
Virtual Hydraulics provides accurate
planning and sensitivity analyses, the
PressPro RT system closes the feedback
loop by monitoring current conditions,
helping personnel modify drilling practices
and plan for contingencies in advance
and VH Rhecon* module closes the
information loop by generating projections
that look ahead of the bit, based on
current operating conditions.
Managed by a specially trained, onsite,

critical-well analyst
Can be operated from remote
Operation Centers
Monitors drilling and tripping
parameters
A dedicated computer can be
interfaced to an existing dataacquisition system with the dataacquisition source on the rig
Predefined screens for targeted
drilling/tripping components
Downhole profiles calculated and
updated every second and displayed
as virtual sensors
Advantages
Prevents/minimizes downhole fluid

losses due to lost circulation
Early detection of impending problems
by providing what should be data to
compare with what is
Minimizes mud-related
nonproductive time
Helps reduce drilling costs
Provides real-time monitoring for
immediate response
E nhances ECD management by
providing downhole pressure profiles
during drilling, tripping, and other
critical operations
omplements PWD when available
C
and substitutes for PWD when the
data is not available
13
Virtual Hydraulics
Virtual Hydraulics gives you

an even clearer view of your
fluids behavior downhole
The true value of the Virtual Hydraulics
software suite is truly appreciated in
deepwater wells where uncontrolled
ECDs can quickly exceed the
boundaries of narrow operating
windows, in extended-reach and
horizontal wells, in High-Temperature,
High-Pressure (HTHP) applications
and other technically demanding wells.
Proven on thousands of projects, both
critical and more routine applications,
this powerful computational tool
literally gives MISWACO specialists
a virtual snapshot of downhole fluid
behavior - before drilling begins and
while the well is in progress. This
accurate prediction of downhole
hydraulics has a proven, positive effect
on overall well performance.
Now, MISWACO has raised the bar to
an entirely new level with the release of
the latest Virtual Hydraulics. Now you
have everything you have come to rely
on from this unparalleled hydraulics
monitoring package, and much more:
14
Virtual Wellbore Stability analysis

during planning and at the wellsite to
design and monitor fluid properties
required to maintain a stable wellbore
The innovative Virtual Hydraulics
Navigator* 3-D v isualization system
was developed by MISWACO to
create a virtual window into downhole
hydraulics and related issues
The concept is the ideal combination
of advanced drilling technology and
3-D computer graphics. The
VH Navigator module makes it
possible to navigate interactively
through a virtual well and critically
examine and analyze downhole
hydraulics calculated by VRDH
(snapshot case) and VH Rhecon
(transient case) on a standard-issue
laptop or PC using a gamepad or
keyboard. Invaluable as an analysis
tool, the Virtual Hydraulics
Navigator module is also a great

training tool for office-based and field
personnel, as well as non-drillers
Virtual wellbore stability analyses

during planning and at the wellsite to
design and monitor fluid properties
required to maintain a stable wellbore
The VH Rhecon provides dynamic
reconnaissance simulations to
optimize hydraulics ahead of the bit,
using predefined drilling parameters
The OptiPro* bit hydraulics
optimization package in which
rheological properties are results of
the optimization process
Improved models and parametric
analyses for hole cleaning, ECD
management, 3-D velocity profiles,
downhole temperatures, and
pressures and more
A totally redesigned, state-of-theart

software system
With the latest Virtual Hydraulics, we

kept some of the classics that you had
come to depend on, but have added a
host of newly engineered modules that
considers every aspect of hydraulics
analysis. Complementing our new
Virtual Hydraulics Navigator, that
allows our specialists to get up close
and personal with your wellbore, we
have added or enhanced a wide range
of modules designed to consider every
downhole condition.
New graphics to address key

hydraulics-related issues
The wide range of modules in

Virtual Hydraulics covers all the
issues in hydraulics modeling
Virtual Rotary Drilling Hydraulics*,

or VRDH, uses downhole ECD and
pressure-loss calculations to
generate a veritable SnapShot
of downhole profiles
Virtual Hydraulics Rhecon provides
reconnaissance simulations (pseudo
real-time analysis) of transient drilling,
tripping and circulation, and effect on
ECDs and hole-cleaning
The widely used TripPro, or Tripping

Profiles* module provides optimum
running speed based on transient
surge and swab models combined
with variable downhole fluid
properties, and includes a host of
liner surge-reduction tools
The Virtual Hydraulics Plan*,
or VH Plan*, performs hydraulic
optimizations based on surface
equipment limits and downhole ECD
and hole-cleaning requirements
OptiPro, or Optimum Profiles,
optimizes fluid rheology and
hydraulics based on surface
equipment limits and downhole ECD
and hole-cleaning requirements
The TPro* Temperature Profiles
generates downhole
transient-temperature profiles during
circulation or shut-in
The leak-off and other volume
change modules generates fluid
compressibilities during cementing
and other wellsite operations
As its predecessor did in the past, the

new-generation Virtual Hydraulics 3.0
promises to deliver more information
rather than mere data - information you
can use to make educated decisions
about how to safely, efficiently and
cost-effectively drill your well.
Drilplex
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Drilplex
The bentonite/MMO associates into long ribbon-like structures that can bridge openings with
diameters measured in 10s of microns.
The versatile water-base

system with exceptional
rheological properties
designed to lower costs in
a wide range of wells
Ordinary bentonite, extraordinary results
Simply combining the Drilplex* viscosifier
with prescreened, highquality bentonite
produces a highly shear-thinning fluid with
a high yield point, low plastic viscosity and
high, flat gel strengths. The result is a fluid
system with unequaled solids suspension,
but one that still screens easily, even at
high flow rates.
A straightforward system for the most

complex applications
You might think that a system with the
versatility and application range Drilplex
has demonstrated would involve intricate
and difficult-to-engineer chemical
compositions. On the contrary,
the proprietary Flo-Plex* primary
fluid-loss-control additive, Replex
anionic scavenger when necessary
and the Drilplex viscosifier are the only
components developed specifically for
the Drilplex system. The remaining
chemicals are relatively common and
well understood.
A diverse, worldwide track record

Challenging horizontal wells in the
Gulf of Mexico. The establishment of
milling records in the North Sea and
elsewhere. Drilling in nearly 9,000ft
(2,743 m) of water in the Campos
Basin with zero losses. In West Africa,
the successful drilling of a depleted
reservoir and unconsolidated formation
with a maximum angle of 102F (38.8C).
The success stories go on and on.
15
Rheogram showing unique

Rheological properties
The ability to stabilize goes with the flow
The data was obtained on a Fann 35A

viscometer. Both fluids were unweighted.
Stationary,
gelled layer of fluid
80 Dial reading
70
60
50
40
Excellent
cuttings transport
30
20
10
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Rheometer speed
Helps prevent seepage losses
No erosion of wellbore
Latest-generation Mixed-Metal
Oxide (MMO) system
Highly shear-thinning
Excellent QHSE profile
Temperature-stable to
250F (121C)
Exceptional hole cleaning and
suspension
E xcellent ability to seal the highpermeability formations found in
deepwater drilling
Advantages
16
Minimal dynamic fluid loss
D RILPLEX system
PV 4 YP 40
Gels 17/19
n 0.126 K 20.1
Zero shear stress at wall
X C p olymer
PV 12 YP 48
Gels 28/40
n 0.263 K 11.6
Features
The flow profile of the fluid in the annulus affords

Drilplex the ability to stabilize mechanically weak
and poorly consolidated formations.
The high viscosity of the fluid at low shear rates
results in a stationary layer of fluid on the sides of
the wellbore. This protective layer shields weak
rock formations from erosion caused by the flow.
The capacity of the fluid to stabilize these weak and
unconsolidated formations is further enhanced
by the lower pump rates used with the Drilplex
system. This tendency may also explain the
lower seepage losses that occurred in several wells
in which the formations were fractured.
I deal for lost-circulation zones,

unconsolidated formations, milling
situations, and high-angle and
horizontal wells
Minimizes losses
Reduces environmental impact
High rates of penetration
Well-suited for coiled-tubing drilling
Cost-effective
Protects poorly consolidated or

fractured formations
The unique mechanism driving Drilplex

Bentonite platelet
Bentonite/MMO complex
MMO
crystals
1 micron
The mixed-metal oxide comprising the

core of the system has an electrondeficient lattice, and when added to
water, the Drilplex particles bond
to the cation exchange sites on
bentonite, forming a strong complex,
which in turn structures the fluid and
provides viscosity and gels.
When the MMO crystals are added to
a suspension of bentonite platelets,
the cationic crystals displace
the naturally resident sodium
or other cations and form strong
associations with the anionic sites
on the faces of the clay platelets.
What results is a new complex or
adduct with characteristics that are

fundamentally different from those of
a virgin bentonite platelet.
The entire mechanism appears to be
electrostatic in nature, which makes
it somewhat unusual and accounts
for the unique c haracteristics of
the fluid system. For example, an
electrostatic-field-based mechanism
could explain the elastic or
deformable-solid behavior observed
in the absence of shear and could
also explain both the dramatic and
instantaneous onset of the solidtoliquid transition and the reversibility
of the process.
Duratherm
High ROPs, improved solids-removal

capability and minimal formation
damage help reduce drilling costs,
while its aqueous-base chemistry gives
it environmental advantages over oilbase systems. The system is especially
useful when there are concerns about
formation evaluation, kick detection or
lost circulation. It may be formulated
with freshwater or seawater, and nonflocculating salts may be incorporated
for inhibition.
Because the Duratherm system evolved
from formulations used as packer fluids,
where long-term rheological stability
is necessary, this low-colloid system
remains stable in the presence of acid
gases, salts, and drill solids. The systems
stability can be maintained by minimizing
the concentration of active solids, and
using polymeric materials for viscosity
requirements. This reduces gelation
caused by the flocculation of active
clays at high temperature, as well as
the viscosity increase resulting from
saltwater flows, acid gases, or salt.
Generally, treatments with lignosulfonate
(Spersene*) should be discontinued at
bottomhole temperatures above 325F
(163C). Solids-control equipment
shakers, hydroclones and centrifuges
must be operated as efficiently as
possible to minimize maintenance costs.
System products
XP-20* potassium chrome lignite material
is used as a viscosity-stabilizingagent
and to control fluid loss in the Duratherm
system. This product continues to
function as designed in fluids that
encounter formation temperatures

greater than 500F (260C). It is the
primary treating agent in the Duratherm
system, and it provides potassium ions for
shale inhibition.
Resinex* resin polymer is used for HTHP
fluid-loss reduction by decreasing filtercake permeability, and it contributes
to fluid stabilization. Field results have
demonstrated the utility of Resinex
in minimizing formation damage.
Resinex is used in conjunction with
XP-20 to control these properties in the
Duratherm system.
Tannathin* is a lignitic material that
works with Resinex to reduce HTHP
fluid-loss values and stabilize rheological
properties in the Duratherm system.
Polymers contribute viscosity and API
fluid-loss control to the Duratherm
system. Minimizing bentonite
concentrations requires the use of
polymeric materials as viscosifiers.
Cellulosic polymers and xanthan
gum provide the viscosity required to
suspend weigh material and drill solids,
and lower API fluid-loss values in the
Duratherm system.
M-I Gel* may be used for fluid-loss
control and viscosity in wells with
bottomhole temperatures below 250F
(121C). For bottomhole temperatures
above 250F (121C), MI Gel must be
maintained at low levels. The primary
function of MI Gel at these reduced
concentrations is to help form a thin,
dense, low-permeability filter cake.
M-I Bar* and/or Fer-Ox* are high-density
materials with specific gravities of 4.2
and 5.0, respectively. They provide fluid
density in the Duratherm system.
Corrosion control and lubrication

The Duratherm system is compatible
with selected corrosion controlchemicals and lubricants. The low-solids
feature of the Duratherm system, in
conjunction with lubricants such as
Lube-167* and Lube-945*, will reduce bit
balling, torque and drag.
The Duratherm system as a packer fluid
The Duratherm system has been
recognized as a drilling fluid applicable in
areas of high temperature and pressure.
Due to its physical characteristics it also
may be used as a packer fluid.
The characteristics that make the
Duratherm system an ideal packer
fluid are:
Thermal stability to temperatures in

excess of 500F (260C)
Minimal liquid separation or breakout
Ability to suspend barite and solids
without settling
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Duratherm
The Duratherm* system is a low-colloid,

contaminant-resistant water-base fluid
designed for high-temperature drilling.
It provides good inhibition, minimizes
clay migration and swelling, and is
stable to >500F (>260C) ambient, with
densities from 9 to 20 lb/gal (1.1 to
2.4 kg/L), and at depths from 5,000 to
25,000 ft (1,524 to 7,620 m).
Non-corrosive (when freshwater is

used as a base)
Low static shear strengths
Quick reversion to fluid state upon
agitation
For corrosion protection, MI SWACO

recommends that a filming amine
corrosion inhibitor such as Conqor* 101
be added to the packer fluid. One barrel
of Conqor 101 per 100 bbl of mud usually
results in an adequate concentration of
inhibitor. Additions of 0.2 to 0.5 lb/bbl (0.1
to 0.2 kg/bbl) BACBAN III preservative
(bactericide) will prevent the growth
of sulfate-reducing bacteria and
fermentation of the mud.
Caustic, lime and gypsum are used

to balance alkalinities and control the
effects of carbonates/bicarbonates
on rheological properties. The basic
environment provided by hydroxyl ions
aids in tubular corrosion control and
in hydrolyzing mud products added
at the surface.
17
Envirotherm NT
The water-base system you

wanted for high-temperature
drilling in environmentally
sensitive conditions
The Envirotherm NT system is the
result of three simultaneous operator
demands. We have consistently
received requests for a single drillingfluid system that is chrome-free for
environmental reasons, that can resist
bottomhole temperatures in excess of
450F (232C) and that uses water-base
chemistry. Their requirements stem
chiefly from traditional land-based
operations, but now high-temperature
shale drilling has the same requirements
for certain areas.
The very definition

of an ideal answer
The system is a successful, field-proven
HTHP water-base fluid and has been
used under very severe conditions to
more than 350F (177C). It maintains its
stable properties not only while drilling,
but also during the prolonged static
conditions experienced during tripping,
logging and testing operations.
The Envirotherm NT system is
characterized by low and stable
rheological properties, low HTHP fluid
loss and minimizes hole problems,
providing shale inhibition and resistance
to contamination for extreme conditions
of density and temperature.
Product
Function
Calovis FL
Fluid-loss control and secondary viscosifier
Calovis HT
Fluid-loss control and secondary viscosifier
Calothin
HTHP rheology stabilizer
Calosperse and/or Calosperse ZR
Chrome-free HTHP thinners
Poroseal
Shale / filter-cake sealing additive
M-I Gel Supreme
Viscosifier, LSRV, hole cleaning
The environmental and drilling

characteristics you want
The Envirotherm NT chemistry is
water-base and chrome-free, making it
environmentally acceptable worldwide.
The system is stable in the presence
of contamination from soluble calcium,
salts and acid gases, and can be used at
temperatures in excess of 450F (232C)
and densities up to 19 ppg.
The systems stability derives from
its low reactive-solids content and
temperature-stable, chrome-free
materials. The low reactive-solids
content is achieved by decreasing the
18
bentonite and drill solids content as

fluid density and wellbore temperatures
increase. High-temperature-resistant
polymeric materials replace the
bentonite and stabilize the overall
viscosity and gel strengths. This
minimizes the problems caused by
flocculation of reactive clay solids at
high temperatures and the viscosity
increase resulting from chemical
contamination.
Easy to build, maintain

and convert
The system can be easily converted

from most chrome-free water-base
system as the bottom hole temperature
increases while drilling. The process for
converting to a high-temperature system
is seamless, with no rheology humps or
loss of other properties.
Calovis* FL synthetic polymer is a
specially formulated product designed
for use as a fluid-loss-reducing and
rheology-stabilizing agent in waterbase drilling fluids. It is an excellent
additive for HTHP filtration control and
rheological stabilization for drilling
fluids exposed to temperatures of up
to 450F (232C).
Calovis HT synthetic polymer is a
specially formulated fluid-loss-control
agent and viscosifier in water-base
drilling fluids. It is an excellent additive
for HTHP filtration control for drilling
fluids subjected to temperatures of up
to 500F (260C).
Calothin* additive is a liquid anionic
acrylic copolymer designed to provide
rheology control in HTHP water-base
drilling fluids. Secondary to its thinning
effect, the product also provides
a reduction of fluid loss. This synthetic
additive has a temperature limit in
excess of 450F (232C) and is not
subject to bacterial degradation.
Calosperse* additive is a unique blend
of polymeric and organic, chromefree thinners specially formulated for
improved rheology control of waterbase drilling fluids. Calosperse additive
also functions well in high-temperature
applications. It reduces and stabilizes
Calosperse ZR thinner is a specially

formulated blend of zirconium and
multivalent metallic salts, designed
for use in high-temperature waterbase drilling fluids.
Poroseal* product is a unique
co-polymeric filtration control and shale
sealing additive. Poroseal additive
provides permeability plugging to
effectively seal shales and filter cakes,
improving the performance of highly
inhibitive water-base drilling fluids. It is
effective for low-temperature as well as
high-temperature applications.
M-I Gel* Supreme viscosifier is a
premium grade Wyoming bentonite (a
sodium montmorillonite clay) which
has not been chemically treated. It is
used at very low concentrations in the
Envirotherm NT system, to aid in initial
filter cake building and filtration control.
Features
Easily managed in the field
Excellent shale inhibition
Water-base, chrome-free chemistry
Stable at high temperatures
Stable rheological properties
Resists contamination
Flexible formulation that can be

adapted as temperatures increase
Reduces the need for dilution
Reduces NPT
Maintains optimum ROP in highly

compacted/hard shales
Environmentally acceptable
worldwide
Advantages
Reduces pressure spikes caused

by gelation
Less time spent treating the system
Drilling can proceed in a range
of conditions
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Envirotherm NT
The Envirotherm NT for most HTHP

applications consists of the six products
shown in the table. On occasion,
and as drilling conditions dictate,
other products may be added. Your
MISWACO representative can guide
you in the composition of the system for
your area.
overall viscosity and gel strengths and

also contributes to reducing fluid
loss. Due to its low pH, Calosperse
rheology additive requires additions of
caustic soda 0.1 lb/bbl per each
1 lb/bbl of Calosperse product added
to the system.
Economical to use, as fluid

formulation can be customized
for various temperature ranges
Less waste for disposal
Optimize your drilling in

high-temperature applications
Your MISWACO representative
can give you more information and
performance statistics about the waterbase Envirotherm NT system and
how its reducing waste and improving
environmental profiles.
19
Glydril
The proven glycol system

for high-performance,
environmentally
advanced drilling
Proven by the MISWACO team in
hundreds of wells worldwide, the
Glydril* system uses an enhancedpolymer, water-base chemistry that
employs polyglycol technology. Thanks
to that technology, operators can count
on the Glydril system to deliver a high
degree of shale inhibition; wellbore
stability; HTHP fluid-loss control and
lubricity. Because no two wells are
alike, MISWACO offers a range of
glycols to meet all drilling needs.
Customization makes
Glydril the right choice
for a variety of applications
In fact, the systems broad range of
glycols makes it a preferred system
where environmental guidelines dictate
a water-base fluid. The Glydril system
can be customized to meet a variety of
drilling challenges large-diameter
wellbores, extended-reach drilling,
deepwater and subsalt applications, and
particularly reactive shales. The system
also is ideal for drilling high-angle wells
in reactive shale formations where
wellbore stability, torque and drag are
major concerns. In addition, the glycols
in the Glydril system enhance the
thermal stability of Flo-Vis*, Duo-Vis*,
Duo-Tec viscosifiers and polyanionic
cellulose (PAC)/starch systems, and
also enhance the lowshear rheological
behavior of Flo-Vis polymers at
temperatures above 248F (120C).
Shale-recovery comparisons
100% Cutting recovery

90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Gel PHPA
Wet cuttings
Dry cuttings
Fluid-loss comparisons
14cc Fluid Loss
Glydril and ROP enhancement
12
Like most water-base systems, the

Glydril systems performance can
benefit from the addition of an ROP
enhancer in certain applications.
Please contact your MISWACO
representative to derive maximum
benefit from the Glydril system and
any performance-boosting additives.
10
8
6
4
2
0
KCI/PHPA
API
20
Glydril
KCI/PHPA
HTHP (200 F [93 c)

O
Glydril
OBM
Compare performance,
then save with Glydril
As temperature increases
and chemical environment changes,
polyglycol clouds out.
Engineering experience comes with

every ounce of Glydril
Having the right drilling fluid is only
one part of the story. MISWACO also
has the experience to help operators
apply products to control rheology, fluid
loss and density. In the case of the
Glydril system, that experience helps
determine the proper concentration and
choice of glycol additive. We can even
help you monitor glycol concentrations
through the use of optical refraction
techniques. Wherever you operate,
MISWACO has the experience that
can make your operations run more
smoothly and cost effectively.
Glydril is the right choice for the
environment, too
The products that make up the Glydril
system are formulated to address
environmental concerns worldwide,
both offshore and on land. For offshore
operations, the system displays
relatively low marine toxicity, provides
relatively fast biodegradation rates, and
minimizes cuttings piles and benthic
impacts. Onshore, the Glydril system
can be engineered to provide shale
inhibition without the use of salts
and contains no aromatic or cyclic
hydrocarbon compounds, making
cuttings ideally suited for landfarming.
Soluble
polyglycol enters
shale pores.
By plugging shale pores, the Glydril system provides a barrier against water migration, thereby
reducing wellbore instability caused by fluid influx.
Features
Advantages
Low-toxicity, water-base system
In-gauge wellbores
Relatively fast biodegradation
Lower fluid losses and leakoff values
Shale inhibition
Lower potential for differential sticking
Less torque, drag and bit balling
Lower dilution rates
Pore-plugging, Thermally Activated

Mud Emulsion (TAME) properties
Improved filter-cake quality
Slicker, firmer filter cake
Pipe-wetting capabilities
Greater wellbore stability
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Glydril
Lower dilution rates. Higher ROP and

lubricity. Lower total costs. The Glydril
system is one more example of the
MISWACO pledge to provide
customers the most appropriate, costeffective drilling fluids and systems.
21
K-Mag
Used primarily in the Gulf of Mexico,

the K-Mag* system is an inhibitive
water-base system that provides shale
inhibition and wellbore stability while
it minimizes bit balling.
System benefits include reduced
dispersion of drill cuttings for easier
removal, near-gauge wellbores for
better cement jobs, even in watersensitive shales, and reduced swelling
for wellbore stability.
The K-Mag system is designed to
perform most efficiently in freshwater
to seawater-salinity environments, but
the salinity can be increased to improve
shale stability and gas-hydrate inhibition
when necessary. The use of a powerful
dispersant, such as lignosulfonate, is
usually kept as low as possible in order
to minimize excessive dispersion of
drill solids and wellbore washout.
The systems popularity has increased
as the use of synthetic-base fluids
in offshore drilling has become
more challenging due to more
stringent environmental regulations,
biodegradation restrictions and other
environmental issues. In addition,
low fracture gradients and narrow
ECD windows often encountered in
deepwater operations greatly increase
the risk of lost circulation, which can
drastically increase the cost of the
operation. More economical water-base
fluids, such as the K-Mag system, with
good shale inhibition and effective ROP
enhancement are now competing with
synthetics in deepwater applications.
22
Features and advantages
F lexible system can be formulated to

suit drilling environment
Excellent shale inhibition and
wellbore stability
Minimizes bit balling, improves ROP
Preserves drill cuttings for
easier removal
Tolerates salinity from freshwater to
seawater levels
Substitutes for some synthetics where
environmental issues are a concern
Kla-Shield
250 Torque reading (in.-lbs)
200
150
100
50
10 11 12
Kla-Cure 2%
Kla-Hib 2%
Kla-Gard 2%
Kla-Stop 2%
Kla-Gard B 2%
Kla-Gard dry 7lb/bbl
Water
Kla-Shield dispersion test:

recovery data
13
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Kla-Shield
Bulk hardness test

Kla-Shield amine inhibitors
100 Total recovered (%)

90
80
70
The right choice for a

variety of applications
The Kla-Shield* systems broad range of
polyamines makes it a preferred system
where environmental guidelines dictate
a water-base fluid and hole conditions
demand flexibility. We have designed the
system to deliver a customized approach
in selecting the choice and concentration
of polyamine additive for your project.
This gives you a water-base system that
is fine-tuned to meet a variety of drilling
challenges large diameter wellbores,
extended-reach drilling, and highly
reactive shales.
The system is also ideal for drilling highangle wells in reactive shale formations
where wellbore stability, torque and drag,
and borehole and logging quality are
major concerns.
The polyamines in the Kla-Shield system

enhance the thermal stability of both
the Flo-Vis* xanthan gum/Duo-Vis*
biopolymer and modified starches/PAC
which are used in the systems.
These same polyamines also enhance
the low-shear rheological behavior of
Flo-Vis polymers at temperatures above
248F (120C).
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
2 lb/bbl
Poly-Plus*RD
2 lb/bbl
Idcap* D
2 lb/bbl
Kla-Cap*
Blank
Kla-Shield and Rop enhancement

For faster, smoother drilling, ROP
enhancers and accretion inhibitors,
such as Drilzone* or Drilzone L
products, can be added to the system
in addition to other products for
improving rheology, fluid-loss control,
formation bridging and density.
23
Amine inhibitors for use in Kla-Shield systems

Inhibitor
Polyamine material
Function
Typical concentration
Kla-Cure*
Polyamine
Shale inhibitor
4 to 8 lb/bbl
(11.4 to 22.8 kg/m3)
Kla-Gard*
Polyamine
Shale inhibitor
4 to 8 lb/bbl
(11.4 to 22.8 kg/m3)
Kla-Gard B
Chloride-free version
Shale inhibitor
4 to 8 lb/bbl
(11.4 to 22.8 kg/m3)
Kla-Gard D
Kla-Gard, dry version
Shale inhibitor
6 to 9 lb/bbl
(17.1 to 25.7 kg/m3)
Kla-Stop*
Most effective
Kla-Shield polyamine
Shale inhibitor
2 to 4% (v/v)
The right choice for the environment

Products that make up the Kla-Shield
system are formulated to address
environmental concerns worldwide,
both on land and offshore. Onshore, the
Kla-Shield system can be engineered
to provide shale inhibition without the
use of salts, and it contains no aromatic
or cyclic hydrocarbon compounds,
making cuttings ideally suited for
landfarming. For offshore operations,
the system displays relatively low
marine toxicity, provides relatively fast
biodegradation rates, and minimizes
cuttings piles and benthic impacts.
Protect your next project with

the Kla-Shield system
If you want to lower dilution rates and
total costs, achieve higher ROP
and lubricity, and effectively drill
high-angle wells in reactive shale
formations, contact your MISWACO
representative. Together, you can
determine the anticipated benefits
from the Kla-Shield system and its
performance-boosting additives.
Better waste management
Superior stabilization in fractured shales
Clear fluid returned to the system.
Dewatered cuttings ready for disposal.
Chemical recovery
24
Inhibitor and accretion additive - 60% recovery
Flexible enough to meet geological

and performance requirements
Dewatering of HPWBM
Polyamine base for enhanced

environmental performance over
potassium chloride-based systems
Economical and technical solutions

to WBM issues
Easy to build and maintain systems for
optimized inhibition and reduced costs
Ideal for drilling high-angle wells in
reactive shale formations
More tolerant to contam - ination
with drill solids
Reduced clay dispersion and hydration
Poly-Plus
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Poly-Plus
The Poly-Plus* system employs highmolecularweight polymers and anionic

liquid to provide cuttings encapsulation
and shale stabilization.
It also acts as a viscosifier, friction
reducer and flocculant while providing
some fluid-loss control. PolyPlus
additive can be used in mud systems
ranging from lowsolids to weighted,
utilizing makeup waters from fresh to
saltwater.
Poly-Plus additive mud systems.

Poly-Plus provides excellent cuttings
encapsulation and improved
wellbore stability
Clear-water fluids. Poly-Plus agent
may be used in clear-water,
solidsfree drilling fluids. Poly-Plus
polymer increases v iscosity and
enhances solids removal by
flocculating the undesired solids. It
also provides cuttings encapsulation
and improved wellbore stability
Low-Solids, Non-Dispersed (LSND)
muds. Poly-Plus agent is well suited
to LSND systems. In reducedbentonite muds, PolyPlus serves as
a bentonite extender to increase
viscosity, f locculates drill solids for
more efficient removal, encapsulates
cuttings and improves wellbore
stability
Provides excellent cuttings

encapsulation and limits cuttings
dispersion
Provides improved shale stabilization
Enhances the removal of drill solids
Weighted muds. Poly-Plus can be

used in weighted muds for cuttings
encapsulation, improved wellbore
stability, secondary viscosity and to
improve filter-cake integrity
Poly-Plus sweeps. Viscous PolyPlus

sweeps are effective for periodic
hole cleaning
Liquid product for easy mixing and

rapid yield
Aids in preventing balling on the bit,
stabilizers and BHA by coating and
lubricating solids
Improves the lubricity of most mud
systems, particularly nondispersed
muds, when used in combination with
a lubricant
Can be used to viscosify clear-water
and low-solids drilling fluids
25
SAGDril
Features
Product functions and descriptions
26
Product
Function
Description
DuoVis*
Rheological properties,
especially LSRV
Biopolymer
Tarsurf*
Anti-accretion
drilling-fluid additive
Blend of solvents
and surfactants
Tarlift*
Anti-accretion
drilling-fluid additive
Blend of solvents
and surfactants
Tarclean*
Anti-accretion
for rig equipment
Solvent
Screenclean
Prevention of shaker
screen blinding
Surfactant
I ntegrated Fluids Engineering (IFE)

combined with latest-generation
SAGD drilling fluid
Minimizes fluid impact on bitumen
and cleans cuttings at surface
Dual tar control through Tarlift*
and Tarsurf*
Excellent hole cleaning and s uspension
Separates and cleans different
waste streams
Advantages
New approach for drilling and drilling

waste management
Mud cooler not needed (flowline
temperature >95F (>35C) may
require cooling)
Minimizes hole washout %
Minimizes waste generation
Liner run without incidents
Easy to engineer
No cuttings beds formed
Maximizes ROP, saves drilling time
The SAGDril* system gives

you exactly what you need
for this demanding work
MISWACO developed the SAGDril
system to address the specific
problems unique to drilling high
build-angles and long-reach horizontal
sections through the tar sands. The
system incorporates a combination
of surfactants and solvents, each
with a specific function. Extensive
laboratory testing of several solvent
and surfactant products resulted in the
selection of two products, Tarlift and
Tarsurf, for accretion control. These
products, working in conjunction with
water-wetting surfactants effectively
control wellbore erosion by forming
a stable emulsion of the solvents so
their interaction with the wellbore
can be reduced.
The result of MISWACO research,
development and field testing is
a proven system that delivers the
features which help you get more
production from the tar sands at a
lower cost:
water-base drilling fluid that relies

A
on a strong water-wetting agent to
minimize accretion of the sticky tar
sands on the bit and drillstring while it
minimizes shaker-screen blinding
Oil-wetting surfactants to encapsulate

tarry cuttings and promote their
effective removal by the shakers and
other solids-control equipment such
as centrifuges
A rheological profile optimized for
minimal wellbore erosion
Rheology that ensures o ptimum hole
conditions while drilling and running
casing and production liners
Onsite fluids specialists who monitor
the systems Low-ShearRate
Viscosity (LSRV) with a
Brookfield viscometer
The SAGDril systems stable wellbore

helps you beyond just drilling
Another area where the SAGDril
system helps your operation run more
smoothly is in running casing and
liners. High operating temperatures,
thermal expansion and high stress
levels in the casing and cement sheath
are facts of life in SAGD drilling. Add to
that the absolute requirement that an
excellent pipe/cement and cement/
formationbond be accomplished
throughout the intermediate casing,
and you have quite a challenge for
any drilling fluid. And thats precisely
why the SAGDril system isnt just
any drilling fluid. It helps you achieve
your running and cementing goals
by ensuring maximum lubricity while
running the intermediate casing, and it
aids in c reating a better cement bond
by delivering an in-gauge wellbore.
An aid to responsible drilling waste
management practices MISWACO
has formulated the SAGD system to
address the specific problem areas
of accretion, shaker-screen blinding
and wellbore erosion. A reduction
in accretion and shaker-screen
blinding have resulted in a significant
increase in shaker-screen life and a
sharp decrease in both fluid dilution
and drilling waste disposal costs.
By controlling wellbore erosion, the
system further reduces the amount of
drilling waste generated.
SAGDril wells have realized significant

savings in disposal costs of both solid and
liquid drilling waste. They have also seen
a significant reduction in solids-control
costs and overall project costs.
Drilling waste
400 tonnes
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
Solvent/xanthan gum system
SAGDRIL system
Compared to wells drilled with traditional

solvent-base systems, SAGDril wells have
realized significant savings in disposal costs of
both solid and liquid drilling waste. They have
also seen a significant reduction in solidscontrol costs and overall project costs.
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: SAGDril
A great deal of a steam-assisted

gravity drainage (SAGD) programs
success depends upon finding a
highly specialized drilling fluid that will
keep the hole clean, without wellbore
erosion, for tight-build radii and
extended-reach, horizontal sections;
that will keep the bit and drillstring
clean to minimize bitumen-accretion
problems; and that will prevent screen
blinding at the shale shakers. Add to
that the need for an environmentally
compatible formulation that also
reduces the amount of drilling waste,
and the challenge to find the right
drilling-fluid system is even greater.
Differential rotor decay

0.5 Reduction in diameter (mm)
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
Time, min
SAGDRIL fluid
Solvent-base System A
Solvent-base System B
Solvent-base System C
In a laboratory test to simulate hole erosion

in various drilling fluids, technicians rotated
calibrated tar-sand cores at controlled
temperatures and rotating speeds in solvent/
xanthan gum formulations or SAGDril fluid.
Periodically, the technicians measured the
cores to check for erosion. The s olvent/xanthan
gum formulations were more aggressive,
causing higher erosion, while the SAGDril fluid
proved to be the least aggressive.
27
Sildril
The adaptable silicate fluid

system with the proven
inhibition of an invertemulsion fluid
Its hard to match the shale inhibition

of the Sildril system
The Sildril system achieves its superior
inhibition through a threefold approach:
Sildril*: The one system for optimum

shale inhibition and environmental
compliance
This uniquely formulated system
capitalizes on the very latest in silicate
technology to give you performance
approaching that of oil-base mud but
with the environmental acceptability
of a water-base fluid. This one
system delivers optimum inhibition
characteristics, high penetration rates,
decreased trouble time, superior
wellbore integrity and superb solidsremoval performance - all with minimal
environmental impact.
28
Direct chemical bonding of the silicate

polymers to drill cuttings and
formation surfaces
Precipitation of the silicate with
divalent ions
Silicate polymerization that results in
complex, inorganic polymer structures
that react with the shale surfaces to
provide a hydrophobic barrier
The system generates highly competent,

inhibited cuttings that contribute to
optimum performance of the solidscontrol equipment and greatly enhanced
formation evaluation. By dramatically
reducing solids contamination, the
Sildril system reduces dilution rates
and the costs associated with drilling
waste management. Field experience
has shown the solids-control efficiency
of the system can compare very
favorably to that achieved with typical
invertemulsion fluids.
Before Sildril treatment: Cuttings from a

reactive formation drilled with a conventional
KCl polymer fluid.
After treatment: In the same formation, Sildril

produces a high degree of cuttings integrity.
Fewer components
give you more flexibility
Shale recovery
Swellmeter test
Improved lubricity can be obtained

with the addition of Sil-Lube* or
Sildril EPL lubricants.
Features
Outstanding inhibition
Low toxicity
Applicable for deepwater
Minimum number of components
Highly flexible fluid p arameters
35 Swelling (%)
90
30
80
25
70
20
60
50
15
40
10
30
20
10
5
0
FW/
polymer
NaCl/
PHPA
KCl/
glycol/
PHPA
SILDRIL
Oil-base
mud
100
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
Time (min)
DI water/XC
Low pH dispersed
KCl/glycol
SILDRIL
Filter-cake deposition
Si
Physical and
chemical barrier
to invasion
O
O
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Sildril
100 Shale recovery (%)
The relatively small number of

components that comprise the
non-dispersed Sildril system provide
a great deal of flexibility in matching
the system to the particular application.
Fewer products also mean ease of
maintenance, simpler logistics and lower
total fluid costs. The versatile Sildril
system is compatible with a variety
of inorganic salts that can be added
to enhance inhibition and help meet
specific environmental regulations.
Si
Clay platelets
Non-clay particles
Advantages
High penetration rates
Optimum solids removal
Low dilution rates and superb drilling

waste control
For systems formulated with Sildril, primary inhibition is achieved with the addition of a unique
2:6ratio silicate. Polymerization of the higher-ratio silicate monomer effectively p rovides a physical
and chemical barrier to filtrate and particle invasion.
Excellent cuttings integrity and

stable wellbores
In-gauge holes
29
Ultradril
The water-base system that

helps you achieve your drilling
and environmental goals
through an exclusive,
triple-inhibition approach
In the field, the Ultradril* system
delivers results comparable to
oil-base systems
Features
60
30
Easy to build and maintain
Anti-accretion agent
Micro-pore plugging agent
Deepwater alternative
Reduced costs
Increases drilling rates
20
20
Near-OBM/SBM performance
Environmentally acceptable
40
40
Low dilution, low toxicity
60
50
80
70
Optimizes inhibition
100
80
120 Hydration (%)
90
10
Advantages
Reactive-clay hydration
100 Moisture and recovery (%)
High chemical stabilization
30
Comparative inhibition:
GOM shales
0
20
20% NaCl/PH PA
ULTRADRIL
(20% NaCl)
Synthetic OBM
Moisture
Recovery
The inhibitive capability of the Ultradril

system surpasses that of a conventional
water-base system and nearly matches that
of a synthetic-base drilling fluid. The systems
low moisture content results in drier, firmer
drilled cuttings. With densities of 11.3 lb/gal
to 16 lb/gal (1.9 SG), Ultradril systems have
successfully drilled long sections of highly
reactive gumbo shales and graded out very
high in terms of stability, inhibition, screen
ability and maintenance. Ultradril systems
using Poroseal* micro-pore plugging additive
have successfully drilled the troublesome
water sensitive Nahr Umr shales in the Middle
East. In sections typically drilled with CaCl2 or
20% NaCl/PHPA water-base fluids, the
high-performanceshaker-screen blinding,
rapid encapsulator depletion and high-dilution
rates that had severely impacted wells drilled
with its more traditional counterparts.
Gel/Lignosulphonate
KCl/PHPA
CaCl2/Polymer
Seawater/glycol/PHPA
KCl/glycol/PHPA
ULTRADRIL (Seawater only)

ULTRADRIL (20% NaCl)
ULTRADRIL (KCl)
Invert OBM
The results of a 16 hr test of various drilling

fluids on samples of reactive clay. Three
formulations of Ultradril all had lower clay
hydration than that of conventional
water-base drilling f luids. Through highly
reactive intervals, ROPs have a veraged up to
150 ft/hr (45.7 m/hr), delivering cuttings that
exhibited the excellent integrity expected if
drilling with an oil-base system.
Inhibition action #1: Superior clay inhibition
The high-performance, waterbase

system thats easy to build and maintain
For all of the capabilities it provides,
the Ultradril system is easy to build
and maintain on location. The base fluid
can be anything from freshwater to
potassium chloride, to sodium chloride
and, in some instances, seawater. The
fluid is extremely clean, it does not use
any bentonite in its makeup, and its
inhibitive character means a very low
colloidal content. Its properties can be
easily maintained, even in the presence
of contaminants such as cement and
common drilling-fluid additives. And
the Ultradril system provides its high
degree of inhibition without the use
of performance-limitingsalts such as
calcium chloride.
Conventional water-base s ystems do not have the

highly inhibitive quality of the Ultradril system,
so shales are prone to sloughing and swelling
that can cause stuck pipe, and washouts.
The first feature of the Ultradril systems

triple-inhibition approach is its ability to
inhibit the most reactive shales and provide
superb wellbore stability, even in the most
reactive clays.
Inhibition action #2: Cuttings encapsulation
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Water-base Systems: Ultradril
Triple inhibition is your key

to faster drilling and better
drilling waste management
To ensure top performance in the field,

the Ultradril system can be tested for
proper concentrations, using simple,
common tests such as pH titration,
ammonia extraction and retort analysis
to confirm product-volume percentage.
The basic system consists of three
main components: Ultrahib*,
Ultracap* and Ultrafree*.
With conventional systems, drilling is slower,

the cuttings are smaller, and there is not the
same, high level of inhibition as we have with
the Ultradril system. Many of the c uttings
break apart and disperse, creating fines that
not only require dilution of the system but
that settle in the hole and can packoff the bit.
Other particulates swell and agglomerate into
large masses that adhere to the bit, drill pipe
and Bottomhole Assembly (BHA).
The second feature of the Ultradril systems

triple-inhibition approach is the way it
encapsulates cuttings with a thin polymer
coating that virtually eliminates shale
dispersion. This, in turn, reduces the need
for dilution and the disposal of large fluid
volumes. Because it is a high-performance
system, the well can be drilled at higher ROP,
producing larger cuttings which reach the
shaker firm and intact.
31
Inhibition action #3: Protected metal surfaces
Conventional fluids allow gumbo buildup and

bit balling to occur, s lowing down the entire
drilling process.
32
The third feature of the systems

triple-inhibition approach is its ability to
coat the bit, BHA and drill pipe with an
accretion-inhibitive coating. The cutting
structure stays clean and effective,
resulting in less bit balling and higher ROP.
Envirovert
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems
The invert drilling-fluid system that

reduces drilling, completion and
disposal costs
The Envirovert system has been

shown to significantly reduce torque
and drag, making it an ideal option
for drilling high-angle or horizontal
wellbores. Its high-temperature
stability gives you a dependable system
for drilling deep, hot holes. Whats
more, this highly versatile system has
demonstrated its effectiveness as a
perforating, completion, spotting and
casing-pack fluid.
For a landfarming operation to succeed

in its biodegradation activity, one or
more supplemental applications of a
fertilizer high in nitrogen is necessary.
The Envirovert system gives you a
head start by providing the nitrogen
required for hydrocarbon-degrading
microorganisms to perform effectively in
landfarming operations. The Envirovert
calcium nitrate salt not only eliminates
the trouble and costs associated
with chlorides, it also facilitates
faster biodegradation. In addition,
Envirovert meets NMX-L-162-1996-SCFI
specifications.
Features
1.00 Water activity

0.95
0.90
0.85
Uses calcium nitrate in place of

calcium chloride
Excellent torque and drag reduction
revents lost circulation in
P
lowpressure zones
Advantages
Eliminates typical chloride disposal

problem
Promotes faster biodegradation
Reduces unexpected events
Water activity of the

Water
Activity
of the ENVIROVERT System
Envirovert
system
Invert drilling-fluid system

for water-sensitive formations
Also works as a spotting, packer and

casing-pack fluid
Reduces drilling, completion and
disposal costs
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: Envirovert
With the Envirovert* system, operators

now have all the performance
advantages of a conventional invertemulsion drilling fluid, with the added
benefit of reduced disposal costs.
The system contains no chlorides, but
rather a proprietary calcium nitrate
salt that not only inhibits reactive
shales, but also provides nitrogen that
accelerates biodegradation.
Envirovert reduces your environmental

costs and concerns
0.80
0.75
0.70
0.65
0.60
0.55
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
70
Water-phase salinity (% by weight) ENVIROFLOC*
33
Megadril System
The one-drum solution to

elevated gel strengths in
invert systems
Most oil-base systems are reliably
and thermally stable, but many typ
ically exhibit elevated, and sometimes
severe, progressive gel strengths
as drilling progresses. Recognizing
the elevated gel-strength trend as
problematic in some oil-base-fluid
applications, MI SWACO Research
and Development has developed the
Megadril* system. This new drillingfluid system delivers the durable and
temperature-stable invert-emulsion
fluid operators want, without the
associated elevated gel strengths.
In addition, this fluid withstands high
solids loading, lower HTHP fluid-loss
values and delivers a high t olerance to
seawater and cement contamination.
To simplify mixing and reduce inventory
on location, the Megadril system
utilizes a single-drum formula that
contains the emulsifier, wetting agents
and coating agents.
An entire system engineered

to minimize product additions and
reduce overall fluid costs
The Megadril systems minimal
product requirements simplify life on
the rig through greatly reduced product
requirements, while still maintaining
desired fluid properties. The primary
components of the Megadril
system include:
Features
How it works
Through its unique combination of
chemistries, the Megadril system
produces an improved relationship
among the 6 RPM reading, gel
strength and yield point. The result is a
system that controls f iltration without
increasing overall viscosity and that
has a higher tolerance for drill solids
which can cause progressive gel
strengths. This allows for reduced
pump pressures and increased holecleaning capabilities while retaining
manageable ECD values.
34
Single-drum emulsifier / wetting agent

Reduced rheological properties
result in lower pump pressure and
ECD values
Excellent drill-solids, temperature
and contamination tolerance
Lower HTHP fluid loss
Capable of withstanding higher
water content, especially in the
lower mud densities
Advantages
Simplified logistics
Reduced disposal costs
Decreased ECD for better hole cleaning
Optimized drilling efficiency
Lower pump pressures
Increased hole cleaning
Megamul A one-drum product that

serves as an emulsifier and w
etting
agent for the Megadril invert-emulsion
system. The p roduct is effective over
a wide range of t emperatures,
contaminants and OWRs. Initial
system f ormulation requires 4 to
12 lb/bbl (11.4 to 34.2 kg/m3), depending
on density, OWR and required
temperature stability
Typical formulations
9 lb/gal
11 lb/gal
13 lb/gal
16 lb/gal
Base-fluid:water ratio
70:30
80:20
80:20
85:15
Diesel, bbl
0.637
0.666
0.605
0.550
30
VG-Plus*, lb/bbl
25
Lime, lb/bbl
20
Megamul*, lb/bbl
15
25% CaCl2 brine, bbl
0.296
0.181
0.164
0.110
Barite, lb/bbl
49.4
174.0
280.8
448.6
Supplemental fluid-loss control is

obtained through additions of
MISWACO Versatrol* products.
When HTHP fluid-loss values of less
than 2 mL are required, additions
of Megatrol filtration-control additive,
designed to be used in diesel-oil-base
invert emulsion systems or Ecotrol for
mineral-oil-base invert emulsion
systems are recommended.
The Megatrol and Ecotrol polymeric
additives are specially designed to
complement the emulsifiers of the
invert-mud systems to provide HTHP
fluid-loss control at low product
concentrations. Megatrol is also
effective in 100% diesel-oil-base
applications and at t emperatures
up to 300F (149C)
Field results that deliver the promise

In the field, the Megadril system
has shown superior performance
characteristics above conventional
invert-emulsion systems.
Reduced mud losses,

less dilution and improved
drilling performance
Lower rheologies compared
to traditional invert-emulsion systems
Improved relationship among the gel
strength, yield point and 6 RPM reading
delivers higher penetration rates,
improved cuttings transport
and reduction in downhole losses
Lower consumption of supplemental
fluid-loss additives
Reduced pump pressures and

increased hole-cleaning capabilities
while retaining manageable ECD values
10
5
0
YP, lb/100 ft2
6 rpm
10 sec, Gel
10 min, Gel
30 min, Gel
MEGADRIL 14.0 lb/gal

The Megadril system in action

The systems relationship among the
yield point, 6 RPM dial reading and
the gel structure allows for superior
cuttings transport, dramatically improving
hole cleaning. The systems constant
rheological relationship ensures efficient
cuttings transport and fewer packoffs.
These properties are based on actual field
data where the fluid design is optimized
for an 8.5 in. horizontal well and where the
OWR remains constant at 87:13 with 5.3%
low-gravity solids in the system.
Problem A: High gels
In the mid-continent, operators
required elevated yield points and 3 and
6 RPM dial readings for sufficient hole
cleaning, when drilling horizontally but
wish to maintain a close relationship
with the gels.
Conventional invert system vs

egadril system, 10 lb/gal
M
120 Hydration (%)
100
80
60
40
20
0
20
Gel/Lignosulphonate
KCl/PHPA
CaCl2/Polymer
Seawater/glycol/PHPA
KCl/glycol/PHPA
ULTRADRIL (Seawater only)

ULTRADRIL (20% NaCl)
ULTRADRIL (KCl)
Invert OBM
The Megadril solution: With its tight

rheological profile, this new invertemulsion system maintained a close
relationship between the 6 RPM
readings and the 10 sec through
30 min gel strengths.
The Megadril solution: Because the

Megadril system lowered the overall
diesel content by 10%, the operator not
only saved an average of $20,000 per
well but also benefitted from a generally
lower overall rheological profile for the
drilling-fluid system.
Problem B: Base-oil costs
Learn more about the Megadril solution
Base-oil costs were driving up the total

AFE costs of wells drilled in the Bakken
shale area of North Dakota.
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: Megadril System
Megadril rheology vs
gel strength
Density
Your MISWACO representative can

give you the whole story about this
one-drum system that enhances the
economics of drilling with an invertemulsion system.
35
Rheliant
The practical side of a flat rheological profile

Rheliant system vs conventional SBM
35 YP (lb/100 ft 2 )
The Rheliant systems

lower clay content,
fit-for-purpose viscosifiers, specially
designed emulsifiers, rheology modifiers
and adaptability to different base f luids
yield a high-performance system that is
cost-effective yet easy to maintain.
30
25
20
15
10
50
70
90
110
130
150
170
Temperature (F)
Conventional SBM
RHELIANT System
ECD Problem A
In deepwater, the surface
rheology must be reduced when
encountering cold temperatures to
offset negative ECD effects.
ECD Problem B
Adjusting the rheology upwards to
compensate for higher downhole
temperatures and pressure can
lead to excessive ECD values and
gel strengths.
36
An entire system
engineered to
reduce dilution
and costs
The Rheliant* solution

With its flat rheology, this new
generation system maintains
consistent fluid properties that are
independent of temperature and
pressure. It maintains constant
150F (65.5C) properties even
when confronting temperatures
as low as 40F (4.4C). You can
drill with ECDs lower than, or
equal to, conventional invert
systems while encountering fewer
drilling problems and successfully
avoiding the loss of whole mud.
The non-aqueous system with the

flat rheology you can trust to reduce
expensive mud losses and protect
your AFE.
Now, manage ECD without sacrificing hole cleaning

or promoting barite sag
12,800
12.8
16,000
15,800
16,800
17,800
18,800
0.5
lb/gal
17,000
728
gpm
18,000
770
gpm
21,000
12.3 12.7 13.1 13.5 13.9 14.3
SBM 12 in.
PWD (lb/gal)
600
11.35
400
12.6
11.3
200
13
13.5
14
11.25
12.5
12.5
RHELIANT 11 in.
PWD (lb/gal)
PWD
11.4
800
12.7
20,000
20,800
11.45
1000
0.4
lb/gal
19,000
19,800
ECD (lb/gal) 11.5
1200
15,000
14,800
21,800
1400 Pump output (gpm)
12.9 Sag flow loop test, NOVAPLUS and RHELIANT systems
14,000
13,800
Minimized pressure surges
50
100
150
200
250
Time, min
Conventional system
4:07:41
4:10:34
4:13:26
4:16:19
4:19:12
4:22:05
4:24:58
Time
RHELIANT system
Flow rate
ECD
MW (in.)
The Rheliant systems superior cuttings transportation properties translate into smoother ECD
profiles, reduced incidents of barite sag and dramatically improved hole cleaning. And, since the
rate of removal keeps pace with the cuttings generated, the drill solids will not accumulate in
the annulus and increase the ECD values. The systems constant yield point ensures efficient hole
cleaning and fewer packoffs.
Not only is the Rheliant system ideal for the challenging deepwater or cold temperature
environment, it has also yielded tremendous benefits in any application where superior ECD
management is needed to reduce the risk of lost circulation.
The Rheliant system also has demonstrated

its capacity to eliminate pressure spikes on
connections. During the static period, the high
gel strengths that can develop in conventional
systems, especially at low temperatures, can
cause excessive pressures to develop when
the pumps are restarted, creating the potential
for a formation breakdown.
Field results that deliver on the

promise of the laboratory
The Rheliant systems low clay content and

flat rheology profile ensure minimum buildup
of gels, effectively eliminating these pressure
surges seen with other invert drilling fluids.
In the field, the Rheliant system has

shown performance characteristics far
superior to those of any conventional
synthetic-base and other invert drilling
fluids in deepwater applications.
ROP as much as 20 ft/hr

(6.1 m/hr) faster than typical
synthetic-base systems
On-bottom drilling time reduced by
as much as 24 hrs per interval
educed mud losses, less dilution and
R
improved displacement c haracteristics
Balanced yield point delivers higher
penetration rates, vastly improved
cuttings-transport and considerable
savings in holeconditioningtime
Rheliant technology
builds on the Novaplus
systems success
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: Rheliant
Rheliant system vs conventional

SBM barite sag performance
Rheliant field data well B:

PWD comparison with direct offset
No name is more synonymous with

synthetic-base drilling fluids than the
widely accepted Novaplus* system.
Long the system of choice for the
deepwater and similarly challenging
environments, this award-winning
system set the standard for balancing
cost-effective performance with
environmental efficiency.
While just as robust as its forerunner,
the Rheliant systems e asier-on-the-AFE
formulation allows it to deliver
value-added performance that no
conventional synthetic-base or other
invert drilling fluids can match.
37
Versaclean/Versadril
The Versaclean* and Versadril*

systems are oil-base fluids formulated
with Versamul-Versacoat or
Versacoat-Versawet emulsification
packages and engineered to meet any
drilling-fluid requirement. The only
difference between the two systems
is that the Versaclean system uses a
highly refined mineral oil while the
Versadril system is formulated with
No. 2 diesel oil as the continuous
external phase.
Both systems deliver excellent thermal
stability for drilling deep, hot holes.
Their formulation provides inherent
protection against acid gases, such as
CO2 and H2S, as well as corrosion due
to the presence of lime (used as an
alkalinity control reagent) in the c on
tinuous oil phase. Versaclean
and Versadril systems can drill
water-soluble formations (anhydrite,
gypsum, salts and complex salts) with
minimum or no hole-washout problems.
They provide improved lubricity
for drilling deviated holes and for
significantly reducing occurrences of
stuck pipe. Versaclean and Versadril
systems minimize damage to producing
formations through the prevention of
water intrusion, thereby eliminating
clay swelling which can cause reduced
permeability of the pay zone. They also
provide increased rates of penetration
and ability to drill thick, water-sensitive
38
shale sections with relative ease, thus

providing for gauge hole drilling.
In many cases, oil muds are not
considered, although the
drilling conditions warrant their use,
because of their initial makeup costs.
However, if the overall drilling costs are
considered, the costs accompanying
the use of an oil mud are usually
comparable with, or less than, those of
a water-base fluid, particularly when
most drilling problems are eliminated,
resulting in substantial time savings.
In addition, both Versaclean and
Versadril oil muds can be salvaged
and reused following the drilling
operation.
System
Base oil
Versaclean
Mineral oil
Versadril
Diesel
Features
Low coefficient of friction
High-temperature stability
Chemically stable
Excellent filtration control
Advantages
Maximizes production
Reduces torque and drag
In-gauge wellbores
Optimized ROP
Stable wellbores
Oil:Water ratio
70:30
80:20
90:10
Versamul (lb/bbl)
6-8
8 - 10
8 - 10
Versacoat (lb/bbl)
1-2
1-2
2-3
Lime (lb/bbl)
6-8
8 - 10
8 - 10
VG-69 (lb/bbl)
2-4
2-3
1 - 1.5
Oil:Water ratio
75:25
80:20
85:15
90:10
Versacoat (lb/bbl)
2-3
3-4
4-5
5-6
Versawet (lb/bbl)
1-2
2-3
2-3
3-4
VG-69 (lb/bbl)
8 - 10
6-8
6-8
4-6
Lime (lb/bbl)
1-2
1-2
1-2
1-2
Warp Advanced Fluids Technology

Every manual on drilling-fluid

engineering tells us that micron-size
particles are detrimental to drilling
fluids. With too many fines in the fluid,
the rheology increases, often with
detrimental effects. The technology
behind Warp Fluids Technology lies
in grinding the weighting material to
extremely fine particle sizes from
0.1 to 10 microns, with the majority
measuring 1 micron. By treating these
extremely fine particles, there is no
rheology increase.
Features
Warp* Fluids Technology particles

are 10 times smaller than drillinggrade barite
Low-viscosity fluids with low plastic
viscosities and yield point and lowshear-rate viscosity, with no risk of
barite sag
Lower friction factors: up to 10% in
cased hole and 25% in openhole
Warp micron-sized weighting
agents pass more efficiently
through shaker screens and
openhole-completion screens
Non-damaging to producing
formations and completion hardware
Lower dynamic and static fluid loss
with thinner filter cakes and lower
breakthrough pressures
Advantages
Reduces risk of static and dynamic sag
Lower ECD values
Lower swab and surge pressures
Lower pump pressures
Improves cement-job quality
Faster pipe-running and tripping speeds
Improves MWD/LWD data quality
Lowers rotary torque and

friction factors
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Oil-base Systems: Warp Advanced Fluids Technology
Warp Fluids Technology gives

you high fluid weights and low
rheologies with no barite sag
Increases solids-removal efficiency

and lower dilution/maintenance
Reduces risk of completion-screen
plugging
Lower downhole fluid losses
can be used
39
The treated micronized weighting

agents of Warp Fluids Technology
- a new concept in drilling-fluid design
Here are just a few examples of how
the micronized weighting agents of
Warp Fluids Technology can solve
todays drilling problems:
Comparison of barite and Warp particles

The specially treated micron-size
weighting materials unique to Warp
Fluids Technology are 10 times smaller
than drilling-grade barite. Their
ultra-small size, combined with their
proprietary treatment, ensures that fluids
formulated with Warp Fluids Technology
have exceptionally stable properties.
Low-rheology drilling and completion

fluids for extended-reach drilling
Weight materials that do not settle,
even with very low rheologies
Better management of ECD and
downhole losses while drilling
and cementing
API barite
75 m top size
Lower torque and friction factors for

long reach wells
Ultra-fine shaker screens that
improve solids-removal efficiency
without sacrificing valuable products
for environmental performance
Oil-base completion fluids for watersensitive hydrocarbons
WARP
d10
0.6
When evaluated against conventionally

weighted fluids, both water-base
and invert systems formulated with
Warp Fluids Technology deliver more
added-value benefits:
40
1 micron colloidal
Warp particle
Typical particle-size distribution
Compared to conventionally weighted

drilling and completion fluids, there is
no comparison
API barite
d50 ~25 m
Reduced sag tendencies make fluids

using Warp Fluids Technology ideal
for horizontal and extended-reach
wells. With dramatically reduced
particle diameters, compared to
conventional weighting agents,
settling velocities are reduced by a
factor of 10,000. This makes Warp
Fluids Technology an excellent option
for all lower and intermediate portions
of long-reach-horizontal sections and
for completion and workover fluids
Lower plastic viscosity is another
advantage of Warp Fluids Technology
over a conventionally weighted fluid
with the same yield point. This
effectively reduces ECD for drilling
narrow mud-weight windows.
d50
1.6
API barite
d90
3.8
The average size of particles in Warp Fluids Technology are less than 2 microns and
nearly all the particles are less than 5 microns about the same size as human red
blood cells. For the first time since weighting agents were first used in drilling fluids
more than 80 years ago, Warp Fluids Technology overcomes many of the deficiencies
of barite. It is the weighting agent for solving 21st-century drilling problems.
Owing to higher allowable pump

rates and non-laminar flow regimes,
fluids formulated with Warp Fluids
Technology enhance bit hydraulics,
thereby improving hole cleaning, with
associated increases in ROP and
tripping and casing speeds
Improved filtration properties are the

result of the ultra-fine particle sizes of
Warp Fluids Technology contributing to
enhanced filtration control, minimizing
the risk of differential sticking
Improved solids-separation efficiency

results in less dilution, optimum
product performance and reduced
costs. The fine particle size of the
weighting agent in Warp Fluids
Technology allows weight material to
easily pass through 500-mesh shaker
screens, removing virtually 100% of
drilled cuttings on the first pass. The
lower fluid viscosities at the shakers
improve screening efficiency while
reducing fluid discharge associated
with cuttings. The improved solidsseparation efficiency also improves
the tolerance of the fluid to lowgravity solids
Lower Rheology of Warp Fluids Technology
Improved torque in open and cased

hole by as much as 25% compared to
offset wells drilled with conventional
weighting agents. Lower friction
factors allow for greater horsepower
at the bit, better drilling rates and less
drag while running pipe
Non-damaging to production
formations. Of the sections drilled
using Warp fluids, 66% are in 8 in.
and smaller sections. With correctly
sized bridging materials, Warp fluids
are non-damaging to the producing
formation and deliver full flowback
through completion screens
When the stakes are high, Warp Fluids

Technology keeps rheologies and
problems down
The low rheological profile of a fluid
enhanced with Warp Fluids Technology
actually improves hole cleaning by
effectively removing any cuttings
buildup on the lower side of the hole.
In addition, the low rheologies of Warp
Fluids Technology clear the way for
better control and management of
equivalent circulating density, which
is especially critical when a very
narrow margin exists between the pore
and fracture pressure. In fact, ECD
values are actually reduced and pump
pressures are lower with Warp Fluids
Technology, also reducing pressure
spikes while tripping and running casing.
Conventional oil-base drilling fluids
Plastic viscosity = 35 cps
d
Yiel
t=
poin
oint =
p
Yield
0 ft
b/10
17 l
Plastic viscosity = 25 cps

2
00 ft
7 lb/1
These and other advantages make

Warp Fluids Technology the ultimate
choice for reducing drilling risk and
well costs for a wide array of critical
drilling applications, including:
Horizontal and extended-reach wells

Coiled-tubing and through-tubing
rotary drilling
Managed-pressure drilling
Reservoir drill-in fluids
Wells with narrow operating windows
HTHP wells
Casing drilling
Inhibitive fluids
Wells with risk of barite sag
Drilling waste management
Critical cementing operations
WARP Fluids Technology
extending outward. API-grade barite has

served the industry well for the last 80
years or more as the natural product of
choice to increase the density of fluids.
In practice, drilling-fluid viscosity was
controlled to ensure that the barite
remained suspended, preventing it
from settling out in the wellbore. That
was fine in the past, but now well
trajectories are becoming increasingly
complex, forcing an inevitable
compromise between the rheological
requirements for barite suspension and
hydraulics forwell control.
Improved pressure drops in narrow

annuli allow greater flexibility
for optimizing flow rates and
pump pressures
The boundaries of extended-reach

and horizontal drilling in green
and brown field development are
41
The clear advantages of Warp Fluids Technology over

conventional weighting materials
Conventional weighting materials
Warp Fluids Technology
API Barite
Drilling Fluids
Higher rheologies to control barite

settlement and sag
Problematic ECD management in
sections with narrow pressure
windows
Horsepower limitations in extreme,

horizontal wells
Sized calcium carbonate

Reservoir
Drill-In Fluids
Mud weights limited at higher

densities
Limited ECD management and

rheology control at higher densities
Completion and
Workover Fluids
High-density, solids-free brines
High costs
Personnel safety and handling
concerns
Disposal issues
Environmental concerns
Near-zero sag and settlement in

inclined and horizontal sections
Fluid rheology may be low and
independent of sag. No mudweight variation
control of losses
Lower drillstring torque for superior
bit horsepower
Lower dilution factors and lower
well costs
Reduced discharge volumes and
environmental impacted factors
and cost AFT
All-in-one drilling and completion
fluid
Lower rheologies for the same
density
control of losses
Complete flowback through sand
screens
No heavy metals
No environmental concerns
No particle settlement or sag
No personnel safety or handling

issues
Easy cleanup and disposal
Warp Fluids Technology keeps your

drilling waste management and
environmental programs clean, too
Warp Fluids Technology allows solids
control equipment to be run much
more aggressively than with
conventionally weighted fluids because
the weighting-agent particles are so
much smaller than the drilled solids.
For fluids formulated with conventional
APIgrade barite, the particle size is very
close to that of the drilled solids which
invariably become incorporated into
the drilling-fluid system. In these
instances, reducing the screen size
to 250-mesh or finer removes barite as
well as unwanted low-gravity drilled
solids, resulting in higher fluid costs.
The small particle size of Warp Fluids
Technology ensures that extremely
fine-mesh screens may be employed
on the primary shaker. Meshes as
fine as 500 have been used successfully,
removing the majority of the drill
solids on the first pass. Not only does
the very thin viscosity of these fluids
aid screening, it also reduces
environmental impact and fluid volumes
lost over the shakers, which in turn
results in dilution rates as much as
35% lower than conventionally
weighted systems.
Warp Fluids Technology achievements

Recognized with prestigious award
Warp Fluids Technology receives the
Offshore Energy Achievement Award in
December 2005.
Southern North Sea record
Warp Fluids Technology drills 810 m
in a 24 hr period on an 81/2 in. interval
offshore Holland - a client record for
Southern North Sea. The 7- x 75 8 in.
liner was the third-longest run by the
client and reached TD without incident.
42
Overall drilling performance was

regarded as the best in the Zechstein
salt formation.
World record ERD in East Russia
Warp Fluids Technology drilled a
world-record ERD in East Russia
reaching a measured depth of 38,320 ft
(11,680 m) and 8,530 ft (2,600 m) TVD.
Highest producer in Statfjord field

Warp Fluids Technology drills a record
81/2 in. extended-reach well offshore
Norway on Statfjord C platform and was
categorized as one of the most difficult
wells to drill and complete. The daily
production rate of 12,600 bbl/d, making
it the highest producer in the entire
Statfjord field.
This is the one technology

you should know about
Maximum density of Warp Fluids Technology to common completion brines
We would welcome the opportunity to

talk with you face-to-face about this
technological development that could
save you a lot of time and money. Just
call your local MISWACO representative
and ask for information and proofs about
Warp Fluids Technology.
Water-base WARP Fluids Technology (barite)
ZnBr 2 /CaBr 2
K/CsCOOH
Water-base WARP Fluids Technology (CaCO 3 )
Oil-base WARP Fluids Technology (CaCO 3 )
CaBr2
KCOOH
NaBr
CaCl 2
NaCOOH
NaCl
KCl
9
(1.1)
10
(1.2)
11
(1.3)
12
(1.4)
13
(1.6)
14
(1.7)
15
(1.8)
16
(1.9)
17
(2)
Maximum density, lb/gal (kg/L)
Warp Fluids Technology facts

Warp Fluids Technology is field-proven in over 190 sections worldwide:
Maximum angle
98
Highest density
18.4 lb/gal (2,200 kg/m3)
Lowest density
8.4 lb/gal (1,010 kg/m3)
Maximum BHT
405F (207C)
Longest 12 / in. interval
9,839 ft (2,999 m)
Longest 81/2 in. interval
12,011 ft (3,661 m)
Longest 6 in. interval
5,128 ft (1,563 m)
Longest measured depth well
38,320 ft (11,680 m)
Smallest sandscreen completion
150 m expandable
Number of horizontal sections.
64
Number of sections <81/2 in.
171
Number of sections >8 / in.
25
Completion fluids
25
1 4
1 2
18
(2.2)
19
(2.3)
20
(2.4)
Oil-base WARP Fluids Technology (barite)
43
Cement
displacement
fluids
Replacing or
complementing MPD
Casing
pressure
control
Coiled-tubing drilling
High-density
spacers
Extended-reach
drilling
Horizontal
drilling
Casing
drilling
Through tubing
rotary drilling
Reservoir fluid
drill-in fluids
Packer
fluids
Casing pressure
remediation
High temperature
and high pressure
For completion fluids, Warp

Fluids Technology wins out over
conventional weighting agents
Above 13 lb/gal (1.6 kg/L), solids-free
completion and workover fluids are
limited to mixed calcium chloride,
calcium bromide and zinc bromide, or
mixed potassium and cesium formate
brines. These are inherently expensive
and environmentally hazardous, carry
the potential for scaling, and require
special corrosion products.
The only other alternatives are
specially formulated barite or calcium
carbonate weighted fluids that are
prone to sag and settlement.
44
Slim-hole and
small-bore drilling
Logging
and
testing fluids
High-density
ZnBr 2 brine
alternatives
Openhole
screened completions
Multilateral drilling
Kill fluids and

barrier fluids
In Warp Fluids Technology, the

micron-sized particles behave as
solids-free fluids with no settlement,
no reservoir damage and complete
flowback through gravel-pack and
sand-screen completions - all with no
environmental or disposal hazards. In
addition, you now have the option of
high-density oil-base completion fluids
for a complete oil-base drilling and
completion fluid train, minimizing spacers
and the potential for emulsion blocks.
Reservoir fluid drill-in

and completion fluids
Ecogreen
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems
Ecogreen delivers high

performance in environmentally
sensitive areas
Versatility is an Ecogreen trademark

When you prefer an ester-base
system in order to meet local discharge
requirements without sacrificing
the economic benefits of a highperformance fluid, look no further
than Ecogreen.
The true value of the Ecogreen
system lies in its versatility. It is easily
formulated to address a wide range
of drilling requirements, including
Extended-Reach Drilling (ERD) and
horizontal drilling, and drill-in fluid
applications. Ecogreen produces the
penetration rates consistent with oil
muds, while eliminating or dramatically
reducing the instances of stuck pipe,
out-of-gauge holes and unstable
Ecogreen has been formulated with

Synthetic/Water (S/W) ratios as low as
60/40 and as high as 95/5 with densities
ranging from unweighted to as high as
17 lb/gal.
wellbores normally associated with
water-base systems. Its low lubricity
coefficients dramatically reduce torque
and drag, making it particularly beneficial
in deviated and high-angle wellbores.
From an environmental standpoint,
Ecogreen is a synthesized material, and
the fatty-acid ester comprising its base
fluid contains no priority pollutants
and is biodegradable. Ecogreen has
passed some of the most rigorous
toxicity, biodegradation and vapor tests
in the industry and has been approved
for discharge in some of the worlds
most restricted environments.
Ecogreen is also completely reusable
after only minimal treatment,
significantly reducing your mud
consumption costs.
Ecogreens fingerprint simplifies
crude detection
Ecogreens unique chemistry
generates a very identifiable fingerprint
- so identifiable, in fact, that crude oil
concentrations as low as 0.5% are
easily detectable.
Ecogreen balances high performance

with environmental stewardship
Features
Biodegradable
Synthetic, invert-like system
Non-aqueous-fluid system
Ester chemistry
Advantages
Wellbore stability
Increased ROP
Cuttings integrity
Lubricity
Hole cleaning
Permission to discharge
Results
Cost-effective drilling rates
Reduced torque and drag
Environmental compliance
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: Ecogreen
Ecogreen*, our ester-base synthetic

fluid system, is one more example of
the uncompromising pledge from
MISWACO, to balance high
performance downhole with
environmental stewardship. Like the
other members of our industry leading
family of synthetic fluids, Ecogreen
delivers the high level of drilling
performance you would otherwise
expect only from an invertemulsion fluid.
And, it does so routinely, in some of the
worlds most fragile marine ecosystems.
Good inhibition and lubricity. Low fluid
losses. Solids and chemical tolerance.
Temperature-stable up to 320F (160C).
Ease of maintenance. Ecogreen exhibits
all these performance characteristics
and more.
continuous phase while a brine solution

serves as the dispersed phase. As such,
it contains no toxic hydrocarbons and
possesses an aromatic content of zero.
The ester that is the base for the

Ecogreen system is synthesized from
natural fatty acids and alcohol. The
system is synthetically formulated as an
emulsion in which the ester forms the
Ecogreen biodegradation data with Finagreen BDMF base fluid

Test protocol
Finagreen BDMF (%)
Ecogreen
28 day aerobic degradation (OECD 306)
85
Not required
Anaerobic degradation (ISO.DIS 11734)
96.3 in 60 days
Not required
Bioaccumulation potential (Log POW)
4.99
Not applicable
Bioaccumulation test (BCF)
4.45 (dry weight)
Not applicable
Ecogreen is rated Category E in UK, meaning it carries no restrictions.
45
Ecogreen is a true system

Like the base fluid, the additives
complementing Ecogreen are
engineered to optimize all the
properties desired in a system, from
rheology to temperature stability to
environmental compliance.
Ecogreen B is the base fluid for the
Ecogreen system. Depending on its
origin (an ester derived from vegetable
oils such as palm or coconut, or
from fish oils), the actual name,
and technical information may vary
accordingly. The variations in physical
properties between different types of
esters will affect the final properties of
the Ecogreen system.
Ecogreen P is the primary emulsifier
and wetting agent. While it can be
used alone to form tight water-in-ester
emulsions, Ecogreen P is particularly
effective when used in combination
with the secondary emulsifier and
wetting agent, Ecogreen S. Along
with providing high emulsification and
wetting, Ecogreen P contributes to
the systems High-Temperature, HighPressure (HTHP) fluid-loss control.
Ecogreen S, a blend of surfactants,
is incorporated in the Ecogreen
system as a secondary emulsifier
and wetting agent. Ecogreen S also
contributes to HTHP fluid-loss control,
but primarily assists in the dispersion
and suspension of solids within the
Ecogreen system, thereby effecting
better rheological control.
Ecogreen VIS is an organophilic clay
used to impart viscosity, with small
treatments of 1 to 4 lb/bbl normally
sufficient. Because it is designed
to rapidly yield viscosity in all types
of non-aqueous fluids to provide
instantaneous rheology and gel
strengths, you no longer have to wait
for shear and temperature to obtain the
desired properties.
46
Virtual Hydraulics provides a snapshot of downhole fluid behavior
Ecotrol is the primary fluid-loss control

additive for the Ecogreen system.
This additive is specially engineered
to complement the emulsifiers and
provide tight, HTHP fluid-loss-control at
low product concentrations.
Ecogreen A, an organic surfactant, is
a concentrated, powerful emulsifier
in a protonated form, formulated
for synthetic-base muds. It is used
primarily in acidic environments.
Ecogreen A is an excellent emulsifier
and conditioner that is especially
effective in the presence of acid
gases, such as CO2 and H2S, in the
absence of alkalinity.
Ecogreen and Virtual Hydraulics
maximize cost-efficiency
Like our other synthetic-base systems,
Ecogreen is highly compressible,
making it susceptible to lost circulation.
As such, careful monitoring of its
behavior downhole is critical.
Our Virtual Hydraulics software gives
the MISWACO engineer, and you,
a snapshot of Ecogreens downhole
behavior, making accurate control of
such factors as rheology, pressure
loss and density an instantaneous
proposition. We program and monitor

all of our high-performance synthetic
systems, including Ecogreen, with
our proprietary Virtual Hydraulics
program.
Take a closer look
To learn more about Ecogreen,
contact your local MISWACO
representative and ask to see our
case histories.
Sample formulation 80:20 synthetic: water ratio, with a 25% active CaCl2 phase
0.612 bbl
Ecogreen P
10 lb/bbl
Ecogreen S
4 lb/bbl
Ecogreen VIS
4 lb/bbl
Ecotrol
2 lb/bbl
Water
0.162 bbl
Lime
4 lb/bbl
CaCl2, 96% purity
20 lb/bbl
M-I BART weight material
220 lb/bbl
System components
Product
Function
Composition/Treatment Levels*
Ecogreen B
Base fluid
Mono-ester fatty acid
Ecogreen P
Primary emulsifier, wetting agent;

HTHP fluid-loss control
Typically 4 - 8 lb/bbl
Ecogreen S
Secondary emulsifier, wetting agent;

rheology and HTHP fluid-loss control
Typically 2 - 4 lb/bbl
Ecogreen VIS
Impart viscosity
1 - 4 lb/bbl
Ecotrol
Fluid-loss control; mild rheology modifier
0.5 - 3.0 lb/bbl
Emulsifier for low-alkalinity environments
1 - 2 lb/bbl
System supplement
Ecogreen A
*These ranges are typical, but exact treatment levels are dependent on fluid properties required.
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: Ecogreen
Ecogreen B
47
Nova Systems
The Nova* line has proven

itself in some of the
stickiest applications
48
here increased rates of penetration

W
are required to reduce total time
spent drilling the well, r educing
overall well costs
Drilling through highly reactive shales
where aqueous fluids produce
wellbore instability and v iscosity
problems associated with hydration
and dispersion of the formation
High-angle wells, including extendedreach and horizontal wells where
maximum lubricity is a high priority
ontrolling the stability and gauge of
C
the wellbore while drilling through
massive salt sections
epleted reservoirs where high
D
differential pressures require low fluid
loss, as well as the best available
filter cake and lubricity to reduce the
potential for differential-pressure
sticking
Production zones that may be
sensitive to formation damage when
drilled with water-base fluids
igh-pressure, high-temperature
H
(>350F or >177C) wells where
continuous phase temperature
stability is critical
While drilling wells with potential
formation-related problems: bit
balling, gumbo heaving and blinding
of shale shaker screens
The Nova line has what youre

looking for to replace your
conventional system
ompared to water-base systems,

C
Nova systems deliver
significantly improved drilling rates
and improved lubricity
The choice of low synthetic-to-water
ratios to reduce formulation costs
and environmental impact
The ability to discharge cuttings
Excellent wellbore, temperature and
contamination stability
Superior return permeability results,
ensuring minimal formation damage
I ncreased hole cleaning, even in
high-angle wellbores
Improved health and safety
compared to oil-base systems
T he choice of rheological profile to
suit drilling requirements
Available in a wide range of drillingfluid properties and densities
Nova systems deliver superior

drilling performance
Although the cost per barrel of a Nova
system is higher than traditional,
water-base systems, its improved
performance significantly outweighs
the initial investment. MISWACO
customers report that Nova systems
have reduced their overall drilling costs
by up to 55%. And rigs running Nova
systems programs have set
world-record penetration rates,
representing improvements of up to
70% compared to other mud systems.
Nova systems have also reduced

costs by minimizing wellbore stability
problems associated with hydratable
clays. The substantial improvement
in hole gauge obtained by using Nova
fluids delivers ingauge wellbores.
This means better logging and casing
runs, reduced bit-balling, fewer
stuck-pipe and downtime incidents,
and a substantial reduction of waste
volumes and cement consumption.
Along with record-breaking drilling
rates, Nova systems provide superior
hole cleaning and lubricity for drilling
designer, high-angle, extended-reach
wells. The filter cake characteristics
of a Nova system provide excellent
lubricity equal to or better than that
provided by oil-base systems.
Lubricity, combined with effective
cuttings removal, results in significant
reductions in torque and drag.
The Nova line satisfies

virtually every countrys
environmental regulations
Among the many stringent

environmental tests conducted on
Nova systems are those for the
Gulf of Mexico.
In 2001, the EPA established new
regulations for the use of
Synthetic-Base Drilling Fluid (SBF)
for use in the Gulf of Mexico.
These regulations included stock
limitations and discharge limitations in
a two-part approach to control
SBF-cuttings discharges. The first part
was based on product substitution
through use of stock limitations
(i.e., sediment toxicity, biodegradation,
PAH content, metals content) and
discharge limitations (i.e., sediment
toxicity, limit on the retention of SBF
on SBF-cuttings).
The Nova system is designed to meet
both the stock limitations and the
discharge limit of sediment toxicity. It is
also designed to biodegrade in the most
difficult of environments: those without
oxygen. Detailed documentation is
developed to insure the compliance of
the Nova system. The EPA has viewed
the use of a product like the Nova
system, in combination with
the Verti-G* technology, as a
pollution-prevention technology.
MISWACO formulated Nova systems
with the health and safety of rig crews
in mind. In addition to protecting the
environment, Nova system fluids go a
long way in making life easier for the
people who handle and work with them.
Details of, and results from, the testing

procedures for eye and skin irritation are
available upon request.
A significant safety benefit provided by
the Nova products are high flash points.
This is confirmed by the results of a
study to detect and analyze the vapors
emitted by the base fluids at different
temperatures. The reduction in vapors
has improved the work environment,
especially in enclosed areas around
shale shakers and mud pits.
MISWACO supports the

Nova line with complete
environmental testing and
analytical services
MISWACO confirms the
environmental acceptability and
regulatory compliance of its products.
We maintain an environmental division
within our R&D departments in Houston
and Aberdeen and have the ability to
run all tests for U.S. protocols within
our own facilities. An in-house
analytical department can supply
further tests, including gas
chromatograph/mass spectrometer for
evaluating fluid samples for early signs
of contamination.
Extensive screening and analysis of
synthetic-base fluids has made
MISWACO a leader in understanding
environmental issues, a function of
developing technologies that optimizes
drilling performance and minimizes
environmental impact. Among the
environmental services with which
we support our Nova line are:
coordinating research samples,
conducting seabed impact studies,
developing appropriate protocols,
interfacing with government officials
and providing onsite monitoring.
Skilled specialists and full computer

support ensure high productivity
on your well. It takes highly trained
drilling-fluid specialists to support the
exceptional Nova line. In addition to the
extensive training in drilling fluids and
our advanced programs, our specialists
receive indepth training in running Nova
systems, including the environmental
and QHSE aspects of the systems.
We support our rigsite specialists with
local, area technical services supervisors
and a technical services group working
at our R&D facilities. This critical well
support group of field and staff specialists
has at its disposal some of the most
advanced software available.
One-Trax* reporting software can
be used on a daily basis to track any
losses of Nova system fluids while
drilling and to provide information
about the volume of fluid discharged
into the sea.
By analyzing the results from One-Trax,
MISWACO specialists can detect
areas where fluid loses can be
reduced, saving money.
Virtual Hydraulics is proprietary
software that provides calculations for
dynamic downhole conditions involving
temperature and pressure specifically
for Nova systems. Our specialists use it
to determine pressure drops, equivalent
circulating densities, standpipe
pressures and more. This information is
extremely valuable when planning well
hydraulics to minimize losses in areas of
low fracture gradients.
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: Nova Systems
One of the main reasons for developing

a synthetic-base system was
environmental considerations.
Nova systems not only have proven
less damaging (environmentally) than
diesel-base and mineral-oil-base
systems, but they also generate less
waste than water-base systems.
Extensive testing has been carried out

on the basic ingredient in the Nova
system, the base fluid.
Supporting our field specialists is the

most extensive drilling-fluids plant and
warehouse network in the industry.
This distribution network ensures that
MISWACO customers have access to
the Nova line of fluids 24/7.
49
Paradril
The Paradril* invert-emulsion system

was designed specifically as an
alternative to conventional or mineraloil-base drilling-fluid systems, balancing
high performance with environmental
compliance.
The heart of the system is the paraffinic
component which, depending on the
application, discharge requirements and
availability, can range from synthetic
Linear Paraffins (LP) to mixed blends
of refined paraffins. All of the products
comprising the Paradril system have
been formulated to meet local discharge
requirements.
The true value of the Paradril system
lies in its flexibility. Weights can range
from unweighted to 18 lb/gal (2.2 kg/L).
The paraffin/water ratios can range
from as low as 50:50 to as high as 95:5,
depending on mud weight and solids
loading. The system is formulated as an
emulsion in which the paraffinic liquid
forms the continuous phase, while a
brine solution serves as the dispersed
phase. It is easily formulated to address
a wide range of requirements, including
extended-reach, horizontal and reservoir
drillin applications.
50
Hydrocarbon monitoring
All too often, the inability to accurately
monitor the presence of crude oil in
mud returning from the production zone
restricts the use of oil-base drilling fluids.
With the Paradril systems
linear-paraffin base fluid, that concern
has been eliminated. The unique
chemistry of the Paradril SB base fluid
generates a very identifiable fingerprint,
and GC/MS work has shown that even in
concentrations as low as 0.5%, crude oil
is still detectable in the system.
Paraland
The issues with conventional invert-emulsion fluids

External
phase
Weight
material
Emulsifiers
The non-aqueous system designed to

deliver outstanding performance
coupled with unsurpassed
environmental excellence
Typical formulations
Internal phase
External phase
Typically diesel or mineral oils, these
materials only partially and slowly
degrade, leaving behind toxic,
degradation-resistantwaste that
can pose a long-term liability for
disposal.
Emulsifiers
Typically these m
aterials only
partially and slowly degrade
leaving behind toxic,
degradation-resistant waste.
Internal phase
Typically calcium chloride,
which provides high levels of
conductivity to any waste and
inhibits plant growth.
Weight material
Typically barite, non-toxic in itself,
which can be substituted with an
improved weight material that can
promote site recovery.
Other components
Typically lime, organoclays and
filtration-control additives, the latter
materials can be slow to degrade
leaving behind toxic, degradationresistant waste.
Concentration
Paraland* B
45 85%
Suremul*
6 8 lb/bbl
Surewet*
1 3 lb/bbl
Lime
3 6 lb/bbl
VG-Plus*
5 8 lb/bbl
Water
5 30%
K-52*
5 45 lb/bbl
Hematite
As needed
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: Paraland
Others
Product
51
Bioremediation:The Paraland options

climate dependent
Landfarming
Increasing
containment
Biopile/biocell
Increasing
containment
Vermiculture
climate independent
Co-composting
(bag composter)
Total
containment
An entire system engineered to

reduce environmental liability
The Paraland* system design
incorporates ready biodegradability
and low terrestrial toxicity into all of its
organic components. In addition, the
inorganic components are designed
to minimize conductivity and enhance
plant growth. All of this is accomplished
while maintaining the high-performance
characteristics of an invert-emulsion fluid.
Multiple treatment
options ensure minimal
environmental risk
A wide range of efficient techniques can
be used to treat the Paraland system
to either meet local disposal regulations
or to convert drill cuttings into a useful
byproduct which can be utilized as a
topsoil or a fertilizer, in a true beneficialreuse, zero-waste environmental
scenario. Landfarming, biopiling,
composting, bioreacting and vermiculture
are all suitable treatment techniques for
Paraland drill cuttings. With efficient
composting and vermiculture, these
cuttings can be beneficially reused as a
soil-enhancing additive.
52
Co-composting
(rotary composter)
The use of Paraland allows faster

treatments with less dilution additives
than conventional invert fluids, resulting
in lower treatment costs and less
environmental risk.
Field results deliver performance

promises from laboratory
In the field, Paraland has consistently
exceeded performance expectations with
high rates of penetration, low dilution
rates and high levels of contamination
tolerance. Mud weights from 7.5 to
16 lb/gal (0.9 to 1.92 kg/L) have been easily
achieved with ideal rheological and
filtration properties. The system is easily
and economically maintained with actual
total fluid-cost reductions of as much as
30% below estimate.
The Paraland system has been used
in various zero-waste operations. In
New Zealand, Paraland cuttings were
used as a food source for worms in a local
vermiculture farm, converting the cuttings
into vermicast fertilizer. In Colorado,
Paraland cuttings were co-composted
with straw, bark and sand to provide a
topsoil for reseeding the drillsite.
Slurry bioreactor
Features
High-performance,
invertemulsion system
Readily engineered and maintained
Biodegradable organic components
All components low terrestrial toxicity
Variety of compatible treatment options
Advantages
Optimized drilling performance
Low dilution rates
Minimum environmental exposure
Lower well costs
Beneficial reuse of cuttings
Zero-waste option
Paratherm/Versatherm
Both were originally designed for

use in HTHP applications, but can be
engineered for use in low-temperature
wells. It was developed to meet the
technical challenges associated with
drilling wells with narrow hydraulic
windows and extended-reach profiles.
The system was designed with the
specific goal of delivering the
following qualities:
Stability at high temperatures
Reduced high-shear-rate viscosity
Stable low-shear-rate viscosity
Applications
The Paratherm system is suitable for
applications with narrow hydraulic
windows, regardless of the expected
Bottomhole Static Temperature
(BHST). The first field application of the
Paratherm system was in a
low-temperature (160F [71C]),
narrow-hydraulic-window well.
The well was successful due in large
part to the lower rheological properties
and associated reduction in ECD
obtainable with the Paratherm system.
This application confirmed the ability of
the Paratherm system to provide a fluid
with reduced high-shear-rate viscosity
compared to conventional systems,
providing a direct benefit in reduced total
system pressure loss.
The Paratherm system has also been

used successfully to drill Extended-Reach
Drilling (ERD) wells.
The Versatherm system has been
successfully used in HTHP applications.
The maximum bottomhole static
temperature the system has been used
to drill is slightly above 356F (180C).
The system has exhibited very stable
properties and low, non-progressive
gel strengths.
eduction in Equivalent
R
Circulating Density (ECD)
Reduced sag potential
Typical system components

Additive
Material
Function
Linear Paraffin
Base fluid
Continuous phase
Low-Toxicity Mineral Oil (LTMO)
Base fluid
Continuous phase
Versagel HT
Organophilic clay
Viscosifier
VG-Supreme*
Organophilic clay
Viscosifier
Lime
Calcium hydroxide
Alkalinity
Suremul/Paramul*
Polyamide
Primary emulsifier
Surewet/Parawet*
Fatty acid
Secondary emulsifier
Freshwater
Freshwater
Internal phase
CaCl2
Calcium chloride
Salinity
Versatrol*
Gilsonite
Fluid loss
Versatrol HT
Gilsonite
Fluid loss
Barite
Barium sulfate
Density
Drilling Fluid Systems & Products: Synthetic-base Systems: Paratherm/Versatherm
The Paratherm* and Versatherm*

systems are invert-emulsion systems
with one significant difference
in their formulations. Paratherm
uses a linear-paraffin base oil, while
Versatherm employs a
low-toxicity mineral oil.
53

Product Trade Name
Description
Type
Primary Function
M-I Cide*
Biocide Not
available in the U.S.A.
Water
Biocide
Safe-Cide*
Biocide Not
available in the U.S.A.
Water
Biocide
Breakloose
Lithium Hypochlorite
Water
Breaker
Citric Acid
pH reducer
Water
Calcium remover
pH reducer
Soda Ash
Sodium carbonate
Water
Calcium remover
pH control
Sodium Bicarbonate
Bicarbonates of Soda
Water
Calcium remover
pH reducer
Conqor* 101
Filming amine
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Conqor* 202 B
Persistent filming
amine
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Conqor* 303 A
Amine corrosion
inhibitor for clear
brines
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Conqor* 404
General-use,
phosphorus-base
inhibitor
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Os-1L*
Sulfite-base oxygen
scavenger
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Thermal stability
Sulfatreat* Dfs
H2S scavenger
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Sulfatreat* Xlp
Extended-life H2S
scavenger
Water
Corrosion inhibitor
Bubble Buster*
Low-toxicity
defoamer
Water
Defoamer
Defoam-A*
Alcohol-base
defoamer
Water
Defoamer
Defoam-X*
All-purpose liquid
defoamer
Water
Defoamer
Ecogreen* P
Primary emulsifier for

the Ecogreen system
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Surfactant
Ecogreen* S
for the Ecogreen
system
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Surfactant
Emul Ht*
HTHP emulsifier
Emulsifier
Megamul*
Multi-purpose
emulsifier
Emulsifier
Wetting agent
Biocides
Breakers
Calcium removers
Corrosion inhibitors
Defoamers
Emulsifiers
Oil
Synthetic
Oil
Secondary Function
Surfactant
Filtration
Novamul*
Basic emulsifier
package
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Novapro P/S
Sufactant
Synthetic
Emulsfier
Wetting agent
Novatec* P

the Novatec system
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Filtration
Thermal stability
Viscosifier
54
Product Trade Name
Description
Type
Primary Function
Novatec* S
for the Novatec
system
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Oilfaze*
Sacked oil-base
concentrate
Oil
Emulsifier
One-Mul*
Emulsifier package
Oil
Emulsifier
Wetting agent
Paramul
Environmentally
acceptable emulsifier
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Filtration
Parawet*
Primary wetting agent

for Rheliant
Oil
Wetting agent
Emulsifier
Primary emulsifier
for invert-emulsion
systems
Oil
Suremul*
Emulsifier
Surfactant
Surewet
Primary wetting agent

for Rheliant
Oil
Wetting agent
Emulsifier
Swa Eh
Specialized
surfactant
Oil
Wetting agent
Versacoat* Hf
High flash-point
emulsifier for oil-base
fluids
Oil
Emulsifier
Temp stability
Versacoat Na

Oil base fluids
Oil
Emulsifier
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Filtration
Filtration
Viscosifier
Emulsifiers
Synthetic
Secondary Function
Surfactant
Thermal stability
Surfactant
Filtration
Versamul*
Basic emulsifier
package
Versatrim
Cutting retention
reducer
Oil
Wetting agent
LSRV modifier
Versawet
Organic surfactant
Oil
Wetting agent
Caustilig
Causticized lignite
Water
Filtration
Rheology control
Dual-Flo
Specially modified
starch additive
Water
Filtration
LSRV modifier
Dual-Flo Ht
Specially modified
starch additive
Water
HT Filtration
LSRV modifier
Duralon*
High-temperature
filtration-control
polymer
Water
Filtration
Thermal stability
Ecotrol*
Filtration control
additive
Oil
HTHP filtration
Ecotrol* HT
Filtration control
additive
Oil
HTHP filtration
Ecotrol* Rd
Readily dispersible
filtration control
additive
Oil
Filtration
Ecotrol F
Readily dispersible
filtration control
additive
Filtration
Ecotrol L
Liquid filtration
control additive
Filtration
Oil
Emulsifier
Thermal stability
Viscosifier
Filtration reducers
Synthetic
Synthetic
Synthetic
Oil
Oil
Synthetic
55
Product trade name
Description
Type
Primary function
Flo-Plex
Polysaccharide
derivative to control
filtration in Drilplex
system
Water
Filtration
Flo-Trol
Special starch
derivative
Water
Filtration
Hibtrol*
Modified metalcellulose polymer
Water
Filtration
Shale inhibition
Hibtrol* Ulv
Fluid-loss additive
and secondary shale
inhibitor with
ultra-low viscosity
Water
Filtration
Shale Control
Hibtrol* Hv
Modified metalcellulose polymer

that also provides
viscosity
Water
Filtration
Shale inhibition
Viscosifier
Megatrol*
Readily dispersible
filtration control
additive
Oil
Filtration
M-I 157
Specialized emulsifier
for filtration
Oil
Filtration Control
Emulsion stability
M-I Gel*
Bentonite, meets API

specifications
Water
Filtration Viscosifier
M-I Pac* R
PAC polymer, tech

grade
M-I Pac Sr
Regular semi-pure
grade quality PAC
Water
Filtration
Viscosity control
M-I Pac Sul
Regular semi-pure
grade quality PAC
Water
Filtration
M-I Pac* Ul
PAC polymer, lowviscosity, tech grade
Water
Filtration
Shale inhibitor
My-Lo-Jel*
Pregelatinized starch
Water
Filtration
Novatec F
Maleated rosin
polymer/glycol ether
Synthetic
Filtration
Onetrol* ht
Filtration control
additive
Filtration
Poly-Sal*
Preserved modified
starch
Water
Filtration
Viscosifier
Poly-Sal* Ht
High-quality
preserved
polysaccharide
Water
Filtration
Viscosifier
Poly-Sal* T
Non-fermenting
tapioca starch
derivative
Water
Filtration
Viscosifier
Polypac* Elv
Extra-low-viscosity
PAC
Water
Filtration
Shale inhibitor
Polypac* R
Polyanionic cellulose
Water
Filtration
Viscosifier
Polypac* Supreme UL
PAC, premium-grade,
ultra-low viscosity
Water
Filtration
Shale control
Polypac* UL
Polyanionic cellulose
Water
Filtration
Shale control
Filtration reducers
56
Filtration
Oil
Synthetic
Secondary function
Viscosifier
Shale inhibitor
Flocculants
Description
Type
Primary function
Resinex*
Resinated lignite
complex
Water
Filtration
Resinex* Ii
Resinated lignite,
tech grade
Water
Filtration
Resinex Eh
Resinated lignite
additive
Water
Filtration
Sp-101*
Sodium polyacrylate
Water
Filtration
Tannathin*
Ground lignite
Water
Thermpac Ul
Pure grade
polyanionic polymer
Unipac Supreme R
Secondary function
Thermal stability
Thinner
Thermal stability
Thinner
Thermal stability
Thinner
Shale control
Thermal stability
Filtration
Emulsifier
Thinner
Thermal stability
Water
Filtration
Modified polyanionic
cellulose
Water
Filtration
Viscosity
Unipac Supreme Ul
Modified polyanionic
cellulose
Water
Filtration
Unitrol*
Modified
polysaccharide
Water
Filtration
Versalig*
Amine-treated lignite
Oil
Filtration
Lost circulation
Versatrol*
Asphaltic resin
Oil
Filtration
Versatrol* Ht
High-temperature
Gilsonite
Oil
Versatrol Ns
Blend of lignite &

gilsonite for HTHP
filtration
Vert-Trol
Floxit
Lost circulation
Viscosifier
Filtration
Oil
Filtration
Thermal stability
Asphaltic fluid loss

additive
Oil
Filtration
Powerful organic
floculant
Water
Flocculant
Shale control
Gelex*
Bentonite extender
Water
Flocculant viscosifier
Platinum Foam
Biodegradable
foaming agent
Water
Foaming agent
Platinum Foam Plus
Foaming agent for air

drilling applications
Water
Foaming agent
Foaming agents
Synthetic
Filtration reducers
Product trade name
57
Product trade name
Description
C-Seal*
Coke FLCA
Type
Primary function
Secondary function
Water
Oil
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Filtration
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Lubricant
Lost circulation
Lubricant
Lost circulation
Lubricant
Synthetic
Water
C-Seal* F
Coke FLCA (fine grind)
Oil
Synthetic
Form-A-Plug* Acc
Accelerator for the

Form-A-Set II system
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Form-A-Plug* Ii
Acid-soluble plug
Oil
Synthetic
Form-A-Plug* Ret
Lost circulation
materials
Form-A-Set*
Cross-linked
polymer plug
Form-A-Set* Acc
Accelerator for the

Form-A-Set pill
Form-A-Set*Ak
Form-A-Set* Akx
Form-A-Set* Ret
Form-A-Set* Xl
G-Seal*
G-Seal Pus Coarse
G-Seal Plus
58
Retarder for the

Form-A-Set II system
Polymeric lostcirculation material

Variant of Form-ASet AK for water
shut off
Retarder for the
FORM-A-SET pill
Cross-linker for the

Form-A-Set pill
Sized graphite
bridging agent
Coarse-size graphite
bridging agent
Sized graphite
bridging agent
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Product trade name
Description
G-Seal Hrg Fine
Fine-size highresiliency graphite
G-Seal Hrg
Coarse-size highresiliency graphite
M-I Cedar Fiber*
Shredded cedar fiber

LCM for fractured or
vugular formations
Primary function
Secondary function
Water
Oil
Lost circulation
Lubricant
Lost circulation
Lubricant
Lost circulation
Lost circulation
Filtration
Lost circulation
Filtration
Lost circulation
Bridging agent
Density
Lost circulation
Gelling agent
Lost circulation
Filtration
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Lost circulation
materials
M-I-X* Ii
Ground cellulose
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Nut Plug*
Ground nut shells
Oil
M-I Seal*
Type
Synthetic
Safe-Carb*
Lubricant
Ground marble
(calcium carbonate)
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Versapac
Thermally activated
organic thixotrope
Vinseal*
Filtration control and

electrical stability
agent
Dril-Free*
High-performance
lubricant, antisticking agent
Water
Lubricant
Surfactant
Idlube* Xl
Extreme-pressure
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Lotorq
Lubricant for high

potenial toque and
drag in Flopro
systems
Water
Lubricant
Lube-945*
Water-dispersible
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Shale inhibition
Lube-100*
Water-dispersible
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Shale inhibition
Lube-167*
Water-dispersible
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Shale inhibition
Lube-776*
Water-dispersible
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Shale inhibition
Lube-1722*
Water-dispersible
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Shale inhibition
Lube Xls
Extreme-pressure
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
M-I Lube*
General-purpose
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Sil-Lube*
Lubricant for the

SILDRIL system
Water
Lubricant
Oil
Oil
Synthetic
59
Lubricant
Pipe freeing
compounds
Scale inhibitors
Product trade name
Description
Type
Primary function
Sildril Epl
Sildril torque/drag/
differential sticking
reducer
Water
Lubricant
Starglide*
Lubricant and ROP

enhancer
Water
Lubricant
Surfactant
Steel Lube* Ep
Extreme-pressure
lubricant
Water
Lubricant
Versalube*
Oil-soluble lubricant
Oil
Lubricant
Pipe-Lax*
Oil-base, stuck-pipefreeing surfactant
Water
Free pipe
Pipe-Lax* Env
Low-toxicity, stuckpipe spotting fluid
Free pipe
Lubricant
Pipe-Lax* W Export
Liquid, one-drum,
stuck-pipe spotting
fluid
Water
Free pipe
Pipe-Lax* W Eh
Liquid, one-drum,
stuck-pipe spotting
fluid
Water
Free pipe
Si-1000
Blend containng
water soluble
organic phosphorus
compounds
Scale inhibitor
Zinc Oxide
Very fine particle size

Sulfide Scavenger
Sulfide scavenger
Sulfide scavenger
Scavengers
Shale inhibitors
60
Oil
Water
Oil
Oil
Water
Secondary function
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Zinc Carbonate
Fine particle size zinc

carbonate
Asphasol*
Sulfonated organicresin blend
Water
Shale inhibitor
Filtration
Asphasol* D
Sulfonated organic
blend
Water
Shale inhibitor
Filtration
Asphasol* Supreme
Sulfonated asphalt
Water
Shale inhibitor
Filtration
Boretex
Water dispersible
asphaltic compound
for shale stability
Water
Shale Inhibitor
Filtration
Glydril* Gp
Broad-cloud-point,
general-purpose
polyglycol for lowsalinity fluids and low
temperatures
Water
Shale control
Filtration
Lubricity
Glydril* Hc
Polyglycol for highsalinity fluids and

high temperatures
Water
Shale control
Filtration
Lubricity
Glydril* Lc
Low-cloud-point
polyglycol for lowsalinity fluids and low
temperatures
Water
Shale control
Filtration
Lubricity
Oil
Synthetic
Description
Type
Primary function
Secondary function
Glydril* Mc
Medium-cloudpoint polyglycol for

moderate-salinity
fluids and high
temperatures
Water
Shale control
Filtration
Lubricity
Idcap* D
Polymeric shale
inhibitor
Water
Shale inhibition
Kla-Cap*
Shale encapsulator
Water
Shale inhibition
K-52*
Potassium
supplement
Water
Shale control
Kla-Cure*
Hydration
suppressant
Water
Shale control
Kla-Cure* Ii
Hydration
suppressant plus
detergent
Water
Shale control
Kla-Gard*
Shale stabilizer and

inhibitor
Water
Shale control
Filtration
Kla-Gard* B
Salt-free Kla-Gard
Water
Shale inhibitor
Klafloc* I
Low-cost shale
inhibitor for floc
water drilling
Water
Shale inhibitor
Klafloc* Ii
Cationic flocculant for

floc water drilling
Water
Shale inhibitor
Kla-Stop*
Shale inhibitor
Water
Shale control
Poly-Plus*
Liquid PHPA
Water
Encapsulator
Shale stabilization
Poly-Plus* Dry
Dry PHPA polymer
Water
Encapsulator
Shale stabilization
Poroseal
Co-polymeric shale
sealing additive
Water
Shale control
Filtration
Poly-Plus* Lv
Low-viscosity PHPA
Water
Encapsulator
Shale stabilization
Poly-Plus* Rd
Readily dispersible
PHPA powder
Water
Encapsulator
Shale stabilization
Sildril* D
Dry sodium silicate
Water
Shale inhibitor
Sildril* K
Potassium silicate
Water
Shale inhibitor
Sildril* L
Liquid sodium silicate
Water
Shale inhibitor
Tarclean*
Anticrete agent for

heavy oil to thin
asphaltenes
Water
Shale control
Ultracap*
Encapsulator for the

Ultradril system
Water
Shale inhibitor
Ultracap P

Ultradril system powder
Water
Shale inhibitor
Ultracap Plus

Ultradril system
Water
Shale inhibitor
Ultrahib*
Shale inhibitor for the

Ultradril system
Water
Shale inhibitor
Shale inhibitors
Product trade name
61
Surfactants
Product trade name
Description
Type
Water
Clean Up*
Detergent for
general rig cleaning
when using oil- and
synthetic-base fluids
D-D*
Drilling detergent
Water
Surfactant
D-Sperse
Mixed surfactant
solution
Water
Surfactant
Dril-Kleen*
Concentrated, mild
drilling detergent with
low toxicity
Water
Surfactant
Dril-Kleen* Ii
Anti-bit balling agent
Water
Surfactant
Drilzone*
ROP enhancer
Water
Surfactant
Drilzone* L
Low-cost anticrete
Water
Surfactant
Ecokleen*
Anticrete for tar

applications
Water
Surfactant
Faze-Mul
Primary emulsifier
and wetting agent for
Fazepro systems
Oil
Emulsifier
Wetting agent
Mudwash*
Rig wash
Rig wash
Rig wash
Novawet*
Wetting agent
Synthetic
Surfactant
Oil
Primary function
Surfactant
Secondary function
Emulsifier
Synthetic
Emulsifier
Shale control
Dispersant
Emulsifier
Synthetic
Shale control
Emulsifier
Lubricant
Emulsifier
Thinner
Thermal stability
62
Surewet*
Wetting agent for

invert-emulsion
systems
Swa* Eh
Oil-base wetting
agent for high-brinecontent systems
Tarlift*
Synthetic
Surfactant
Emulsifier
Oil
Surfactant
Emulsifier
Solvent for the

Sagdril* system
Water
Surfactant
Tarsurf*
Water-wetter for the

Sagdril system
Water
Surfactant
Ultrafree*
ROP enhancer for the

Ultradril system
Water
Surfactant
Ultrafree* L
Low-cost anticrete
Water
Surfactant
Lubricant
Ultrafree* Nh
Non-hydrocarbon
version of Ultrafree
ROP enhancer
Water
Surfactant
Lubricant
Versacoat*
Emulsifier and
wetting agent
Oil
Surfactant
Versawet*
Wetting agent for

oil-base fluids
Oil
Surfactant
Oil
Emulsifier
Thermal stability
Emulsifier
Thinner
Thermal stability
Temperature
stabilizers
Product trade name
Description
Type
Primary function
Secondary function
Glydril* Dg
Water-miscible
glycol-hydrate
inhibitor
Water
Thermal stability
Surfactant
Pts-200*
Polymeric
temperature stabilizer
Water
Thermal stability
Xp-20K*
Potassium chrome
lignite
Water
Thermal stability
Xp-20* N
Chrome lignite,
sodium hydroxide,
neutralized
Water
Thermal stability
Caustilig*
Caustilized lignite
Water
Thinner filtration
Thermal stability
Emulsifier
Idsperse* Xt
High-temperature
polymeric dispersant
Water
Thinner
K-17*
Potassium lignite
Water
Thinner
Rheduce*
Thinner for Rheliant

system
Synthetic
Rheocheck
Modified lignin
compound
Rheosperse*
Emulsifier
Filtration
Thinner
Filtration
Filtration
Shale control
Thinner
Water
Thinner
Polymeric hightemperature
deflocculant
Water
Thinner
Spersene*
Chrome
lignosulfonate
Water
Thinner
Spersene* Cf
Chrome-free
lignosulfonate
Water
Deflocculant
Filtration
Spersene* Cfi
Iron lignosulfonate
Water
Thinner
Spersene* I
Ferrochrome
lignosulfonate
Water
Thinner
Thinners
Surethin*
Thinner for invertemulsion systems
Tackle*
Liquid, lowmolecular-weight
polyacrylate (dry
available)
Oil
Thinner
Emulsifier
Filtration
Thermal stability
Synthetic
Oil
Water
Thermal stability
Filtration
Thinner
Surfactant
Thinner
Filtration
63
Thinners
Product trade name
Description
Type
Primary function
Tackle* Dry
Powdered lowmolecular-weight
polyacrylate
Water
Thinner
Thinsmart*
Thinner for waterbase drilling fluids
Water
Thinner
Versathin*
Thinner and
conditioner for oilbase fluids
Oil
Thinner
Oil
Thinner
Conditioner
Versathin* Hf
Tracers
Viscosifiers
Xp-20 N
Chrome Lignite
Water
Thinner
Filtration
Optitrak 600
Blue dye
Water
Tracer
Drilplex*
Viscosifier for the

Drilplex MMO
system
Water
Viscosifier
Shale inhibitor
Duo-Tec*
Xanthan gum
Water
Viscosifier
Duo-Tec* Ns
High molecular
weight biopolymer
Water
Viscosifier
Duo-Vis*
Xanthan gum
Water
Viscosifier
Duo-Vis* L
Liquified xanthan
gum, non-clarified
Viscosifier
Duo-Vis* Ns
Xanthan gum
Water
Viscosifier
Duo-Vis* Plus
Xanthan gum
Water
Viscosifier
Duo-Vis* Plus Ns
High molecular eight,

nondispersable
biopolymer
Water
Viscosifier
Durogel*
Sepiolite clay
Water
Viscosifier
Ecogreen* M
Low-end rheology
modifier
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Water
Viscosifier
Water
Viscosifier
Flo-Vis Plus
Gelplex*
64
High Flashpoint thinner

and conditioner for Oil
base fluids
Secondary function
High yield, premiumgrade, clarified

xanthan gum
Guar Gum
Rapidly mixing,high
viscosity polymer
Water
Viscosifier
Hrp*
Liquid viscosifier for

oil fluids
Oil
Viscosifier
M-I Gel* Supreme
Non-treated
bentonite, meets API
specifications
Water
Viscosifier
Filtration
M-I Gel* Wyoming
API-spec bentonite
sourced only from
Wyoming
Water
Viscosifier
Filtration
Novamod*
Rheology modifier,
LSRV
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Description
Type
Primary function
Novamod*
Rheology modifier,
LSRV
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Novatec* M
Low-end rheology
modifier for the
Novatec system
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Rhebuild*
Viscosifier for
Rheliant system
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Rheflat*
Rheological modifier
for Rheliant system
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Rhethik*
for Rheliant system
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Salt Gel*
Attapulgite clay
Water
Viscosifier
Supra-Vis*
High-performance
biopolymer viscosifier
Water
Viscosifier
Suremod*
Viscosifier, gelling
agent for invertemulsion systems
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Surethik*
Synthetic
Viscosifier
Tarvis*
Liquid viscosifier for

the Sagdril system
Water
Viscosifier
Truvis*
Viscosifier for the

Trudril system
Oil
Viscosifier
Filtration
Versagel* Ht
Hectorite
Oil
Viscosifier
Filtration
Versamod*
Rheology modifier,
LSRV
Oil
Viscosifier
Vg-69*
Organophilic clay
Oil
Viscosifier
Filtration
Vg-Plus*
Organophilic clay
Viscosifier
Filtration
Vg-Supreme*
Organophilic clay for

the Nova systems
Viscosifier
Filtration
Density
Density
Density
Density
Inhibition
Oil
Oil
Oil
Oil
Oil
Synthetic
Synthetic
Secondary function
Viscosifiers
Product trade name
Water
Fer-Ox*
Hematite
Oil
Synthetic
M-I Bar*
Weighting agents
M-I Wate
Salt
Warp
Barite, meets API

specifications
High quailty drilling

grade barite
Sodium Chloride
Micronized weighting
agent
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Water
Water
Oil
Synthetic
Eco reduction
Density
SAG mitigation
65
Wellbore
strengthening
mateial
Product trade name
Description
Type
LCM blend designed

for wellbore
strengthening
Water
Optiseal I
LCM blend designed

for wellbore
strengthening
Water
Optiseal Ii
Optiseal Iii
LCM blend designed

for wellbore
strengthening
Oil
Water
Optiseal Iv
LCM blend designed

for wellbore
strengthening
Ecogreen* B
Ester base fluid
Enviroblend*
Salt for Envirovert

system
Hydrablok*
66
Secondary function
Fracture sealing
Fluid loss control
Fracture sealing
Fluid loss control
Fracture sealing
Fluid loss control
Fracture sealing
Fluid loss control
Synthetic
Thinner
Lubricant
Oil
Shale inhibitor
Deepwater hydrate
inhibitor
Water
Surfactant
Novatec* B
LAO base fluid
Synthetic
Thinner
Lubricant
Paradril* B
Base fluid for the

Paradril system
Synthetic
Thinner
Paraland* B
Base fluid C11-17

linear paraffin for the
Paraland system
Synthetic
Thinner
Paramix* A
Salt for the Paraland

system
Synthetic
Shale inhibitor
Paramix* N
Salt for the Paraland

system
Synthetic
Shale inhibitor
Versaclean* B
Base fluid for the

Versaclean system
Oil
Thinner
Lubricant
Versavert* B
Base fluid for

Versavert system
Oil
Thinner
Lubricant
Versavert* Bt
Thin version of
worker-friendly
base oil
Oil
Thinner
Lubricant
General Products
Oil
Primary function
Synthetic
Oil
Synthetic
Synthetic
Oil
Synthetic

67
68
Technology Centers
Houston, Texas
Tel: 281 561 1300
Fax: 281 561 1441
Aberdeen, Scotland
Tel: 44 1224 334634
Fax: 44 1224 334650
Stavanger, Norway
Tel: 47 51 577300
Fax: 47 51 576503
This information is supplied solely for informational purposes and MISWACO makes no guarantees or
warranties, either expressed or implied, with respect to the accuracy and use of this data. All product
warranties and guarantees shall be governed by the Standard Terms of Sale. Nothing in this document
is legal advice or is a substitute for competent legal advice.
2011 M-I L.L.C. All rights reserved. *Mark of M-I L.L.C.

FMC.0600.1104.R3 (E) 1M Litho in U.S.A.
P.O. Box 42842

Houston, Texas 77242-2842
www.miswaco.slb.com
Email: questions@miswaco.slb.com

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