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Intergration:

Indefinite integral:
If calculus is a stair, then differentiation is going down, while integration is
going up
x

Differentiation

2 x2
4x

Integration

To do integration, you need to memorize these formulas:


n +1

x
+c
x n dx= n+1

n+1

x
a x n dx= a n+1

+c

x +b

n dx

ax +b

n dx

Example:
Integrate

( 3 x+ 5 )4 dx

Answer:
( 3 x+5 )4+1
( 3 x+5 )5
( 3 x+ 5 ) dx= 3(4 +1) +c= 15 +c
4

Definite integral:
Definite Integral is substitute the range it given to you to the indefinite
integral, formula is
n+1 d

[ ] ( )( )
n+ 1

n+1

x
d
c
=

x dx= n+1
n+1
n+1
c
c
n

] (

a x n+ 1
a d n+1
a cn +1
a x dx= n+1 = n+1 n+1
c
c
n

)(

] (

( x +b )n+1
( d +b )n +1
( c +b )n+1
(x+
b)
dx=
=

n+1 c
n+1
n+1
c
n

)(

](

( ax+ b )n+ 1
( ad +b )n+1
( ac +b )n +1
(ax+ b) dx= a ( n+1 ) = a ( n+1 ) a ( n+1 )
c
c
n

)(

If you think it is complicated, just remember the indefinite one, and when
substituting, write [the result] [the result], replace the first ones
with the number above integral ( d ), and the seconds x with the
number below integral ( c ).
Example:
8

Integrate

( 3 x+ 5 )4 dx
3

Answer:

( 3 x+ 5 )5
(
3
x+
5
)
dx=

15
1
4

( 3 ( 2 ) +5 )
15

)(

( 3 ( 1 ) +5 )
15

( 10736.733 )( 2184.533 )=8552.2

Area under the curves:


Area under the curves is definite integral, but you must find the range
and whether you should integral x or integral y.
To determine whether integral x or integral y, look at how the area goes, if
it is below/above x-axis to the curve, then integral x; if it is left/right of yaxis to the curve, then integral y.
Example:
Below is a graph of

y=x 2 +3 x4

Find a) Area A

b) Area B
Answer:
a) Area A is area below x-axis to the curve, so
range is -4 to 0, put the small number on
bottom of integral, large number on top of
the integral
0

x +3 x4 dx= x3 + 32x 4 x
4
2

(4 )3 3 (4 )2
0
+
4 (4 )
3
2

( 643 + 24+16)= 563

b) Area B is area cant integral x-axis, cause the area from 0 to xintercept (or root) is at below, not above, so weve to find xintercept, the value of x when y = 6 and find the area

xintercept =root
2

x +3 x4=( x+ 4 )( x1 ) , root=4, 1
xintercept =1
value of x when y =6
2

6=x +3 x4
2

x +3 x10=0

( x+5 )( x2 ) =0
x=5,2, x=2
2

B 1+ B 2=6 1+ x 2 +3 x4 dx
1

] [(
2

)(

x 3 3 x2
23 3 ( 2 )
13 3 ( 1 )
6+ +
4 x =6+
+
4 ( 2 ) +
4 ( 1 )
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
6+

)]

2 13
53

=
3
6
6

( ( ))

Volume of revolutions:
Volume of revolutions is extension of area under the curves, imagine a
graph generated a volume on 360 degrees of revolutions in x-axis, and
we look at the side, it will look like this.
The red line represent the area of the graph (with
differentiate x, which means its width(x) is almost 0),
and it revolutions 360 degrees at x-axis, and a green
circle formed. The green circle radius = the value of y
(when the value of x = )
For volume, we have to calculate the area of green
circle in every single range of x given. So, the area
under the graph has given us the radius of every single
green circle has generated, we can find the volume
2
generated using r , and change r to integral of

the graph:
b

V = y 2 dx
a

Same thing goes to y-axis, and formula is


b

V = x2 d y
a

Tip: revolution around x-axis = dx, range at x


axis = dy, range at y
Example: The graph below is

revolution around y-

y=x +3 , find volume generated when area

A revolution 360 degrees around y-axis.


Rearrange the equation, we get

x 2= y3
7

The range for integral = 3 to 7


7

( y3 ) dy
3

3 y
2

[(

[ ( )]

)(

7
3
3 ( 7 ) 3 ( 3 )
2
2

7 9

=8
2
2

)]

V = x2 dy
3

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