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Indefinite integral:
If calculus is a stair, then differentiation is going down, while integration is
going up
x
Differentiation
2 x2
4x
Integration
x
+c
x n dx= n+1
n+1
x
a x n dx= a n+1
+c
x +b
n dx
ax +b
n dx
Example:
Integrate
( 3 x+ 5 )4 dx
Answer:
( 3 x+5 )4+1
( 3 x+5 )5
( 3 x+ 5 ) dx= 3(4 +1) +c= 15 +c
4
Definite integral:
Definite Integral is substitute the range it given to you to the indefinite
integral, formula is
n+1 d
[ ] ( )( )
n+ 1
n+1
x
d
c
=
x dx= n+1
n+1
n+1
c
c
n
] (
a x n+ 1
a d n+1
a cn +1
a x dx= n+1 = n+1 n+1
c
c
n
)(
] (
( x +b )n+1
( d +b )n +1
( c +b )n+1
(x+
b)
dx=
=
n+1 c
n+1
n+1
c
n
)(
](
( ax+ b )n+ 1
( ad +b )n+1
( ac +b )n +1
(ax+ b) dx= a ( n+1 ) = a ( n+1 ) a ( n+1 )
c
c
n
)(
If you think it is complicated, just remember the indefinite one, and when
substituting, write [the result] [the result], replace the first ones
with the number above integral ( d ), and the seconds x with the
number below integral ( c ).
Example:
8
Integrate
( 3 x+ 5 )4 dx
3
Answer:
( 3 x+ 5 )5
(
3
x+
5
)
dx=
15
1
4
( 3 ( 2 ) +5 )
15
)(
( 3 ( 1 ) +5 )
15
y=x 2 +3 x4
Find a) Area A
b) Area B
Answer:
a) Area A is area below x-axis to the curve, so
range is -4 to 0, put the small number on
bottom of integral, large number on top of
the integral
0
x +3 x4 dx= x3 + 32x 4 x
4
2
(4 )3 3 (4 )2
0
+
4 (4 )
3
2
b) Area B is area cant integral x-axis, cause the area from 0 to xintercept (or root) is at below, not above, so weve to find xintercept, the value of x when y = 6 and find the area
xintercept =root
2
x +3 x4=( x+ 4 )( x1 ) , root=4, 1
xintercept =1
value of x when y =6
2
6=x +3 x4
2
x +3 x10=0
( x+5 )( x2 ) =0
x=5,2, x=2
2
B 1+ B 2=6 1+ x 2 +3 x4 dx
1
] [(
2
)(
x 3 3 x2
23 3 ( 2 )
13 3 ( 1 )
6+ +
4 x =6+
+
4 ( 2 ) +
4 ( 1 )
3
2
3
2
3
2
1
6+
)]
2 13
53
=
3
6
6
( ( ))
Volume of revolutions:
Volume of revolutions is extension of area under the curves, imagine a
graph generated a volume on 360 degrees of revolutions in x-axis, and
we look at the side, it will look like this.
The red line represent the area of the graph (with
differentiate x, which means its width(x) is almost 0),
and it revolutions 360 degrees at x-axis, and a green
circle formed. The green circle radius = the value of y
(when the value of x = )
For volume, we have to calculate the area of green
circle in every single range of x given. So, the area
under the graph has given us the radius of every single
green circle has generated, we can find the volume
2
generated using r , and change r to integral of
the graph:
b
V = y 2 dx
a
V = x2 d y
a
revolution around y-
x 2= y3
7
( y3 ) dy
3
3 y
2
[(
[ ( )]
)(
7
3
3 ( 7 ) 3 ( 3 )
2
2
7 9
=8
2
2
)]
V = x2 dy
3