Professional Documents
Culture Documents
5.1
SPECIAL
DISTRIBUTIONS
DISCRETE DISTRIBUTION
Consist of the values a random variable can assume and the corresponding
probabilities of the values.
For example:
Where;
n =
p =
q =
x =
n-x =
Example 1
Compute the probabilities of X successes, using the binomial formula; n= 6, X= 3,
p=0.03
Solution:
a)
Example 2
A survey found that one out five Malaysian says he or she has visited a doctor in
any given month. If 10 people are selected at random, find the probability that
exactly 3 will have visited a doctor last month.
Solution:
The probabilities for a binomial experiment can also be read from the table of
binomial probabilities.
How to read the probability value from the table of binomial probabilities
Determining P (x 3) for n = 6 and p = 0.30
The table of cumulative binomial probabilities (less than)
x
P ( X x) nCr p r (1 p ) n r
p = 0.30
r 0
p
n
6
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0.10
0.5314
0.8857
0.9842
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.15
0.3771
0.7765
0.9527
0.9941
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
0.20
0.2621
0.6554
0.9011
0.9830
0.9984
0.9999
1.0000
0.25
0.1780
0.5339
0.8306
0.9624
0.9954
0.9998
1.0000
n=6
x3
0.30
0.1176
0.4202
0.7443
0.9295
0.9891
0.9993
1.0000
0.35
0.0754
0.3191
0.6471
0.8826
0.9777
0.9982
1.0000
0.40
0.0467
0.2333
0.5443
0.8208
0.9590
0.9959
1.0000
P (x 3) = 0.9295
If you are using cumulative binomial probabilities table; P(X x); it is easier to calculate
various from of binomial distribution such as:
Equally
At most
Less than
At least
Greater than
From x1 to x2
Between x1 and x2
Between x1 to x2
Example 3
Solution:
P(X 1) = 0.9100
Example 4
25% of all VCR manufactured by a large electronics company are defective. A quality
control inspector randomly selects three VCRs from the production line. What is the
probability that,
a) exactly one of these three VCRs is defective.
b) at least two of these VCRs are defective.
Solution:
EXERCISE 1
Chapter 5: Special Distributions
A survey from Teenage Research Unlimited found that 30% of teenage consumers
receive their spending money from part-time jobs. If 5 teenagers are selected at
random, find the probability that at least 3 of them will have part-time jobs.
3.
R. H Bruskin Associates Market Research found that 40% of Americans do not think
that having a college education is important to succeed in the business world. If a
random sample of five American is selected, find these probabilities.
a. Exactly two people will agree with that statement.
b. At most three people will agree with that statement
c. At least two people will agree with that statement
d. Fewer than three people will agree with that statement.
4. It was found that 60% of American victims of health care fraud are senior citizens. If
10 victims are randomly selected, find the probability that exactly 3 are senior citizens.
5. If 65% of the people in a community use the gym facilities in one year, find these
probabilities for a sample of 10 people
a) Exactly four people used the gym facilities.
b) At least six people not used the gym facilities
6. In a poll of 12 to 18 year old females conducted by Harris Interactive for the Gillette
Company, 40% of the young female said that they expected the US to have a female
president within 10 years. Supposed a random sample of 15 females from this age
group selected. Find the probabilities that of young female in this sample who expect
a female president within 10 years is;
a. at most 5
b. less than 4
c. at least 9
d. 6 to 9
e. in between 4 and 8
Variance = 2 = npq
Standard deviation = =
npq
Where;
n = the total number of trials
p = probability of success
q = 1-p = probability of failure
Example 5
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation for each of the values of n and p when
the conditions for the binomial distribution are met.
a. n=100, p=0.75
Solution:
a. = np = 100 (0.75) = 75
Example 6
The Statistical Bulletin published by Metropolitan Life Insurance Co. reported that 2% of
all American births result in twins. If a random sample of 8000 births is taken, find the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of births that would result in
twins.
EXERCISE 2
Chapter 5: Special Distributions
1. It has been reported that 83% of federal government employees use e-mail. If
sample of 200 federal government employees is selected, find the mean,
variance and standard deviation of the number who use e-mail.
2. A survey found that 25% of Malaysian watch movie at the cinema. Find the
mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of individuals who watch
movie at the cinema if a random sample of 1000 Malaysian is selected at the
Bintang Walk.
The number of television sets sold at a department store during a given week.
A certain type of fabric made contains an average 0.5 defects per 500 yards.
x
P(X)= e
x!
Where;
: mean number of occurrences in that interval
e : approximately 2.7183
Example 7
Find probability P(X; ), using the Poisson formula for P(5;4)
Solution:
P(X=5) =
e 4 (45 )
5!
= 0.1563
Example 8
If there are 200 typographical errors randomly distributed in a 500-page manuscript, find
the probability that a given page contains exactly three errors.
Solution:
The probabilities for a Poisson distribution can also be read from the table
of Poisson probabilities.
How to read the probability value from the table of Poisson probabilities
Determining P (x 3) for = 1.5
The table of cumulative Poisson probabilities (less than)
e k
k!
k 0
x
P( X x)
= 1.5
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.1
0.3329
0.6990
0.9004
0.9743
0.9946
0.9990
0.9999
1.0000
1.2
0.3012
0.6626
0.8795
0.9662
0.9923
0.9985
0.9997
1.0000
1.3
0.2725
0.6268
0.8571
0.9569
0.9893
0.9978
0.9996
0.9999
1.4
0.2466
0.5918
0.8335
0.9463
0.9857
0.9968
0.9994
0.9999
1.5
0.2231
0.5578
0.8088
0.9344
0.9814
0.9955
0.9991
0.9998
x3
1.6
0.2019
0.5249
0.7834
0.9212
0.9763
0.9940
0.9987
0.9997
1.7
0.1827
0.4932
0.7572
0.9068
0.9704
0.9920
0.9981
0.9996
P (x 3) = 0.9344
If you are using cumulative Poisson probabilities table; P(X x); it is easier to
calculate various from of binomial distribution such as:
Equally
At most
Less than
At least
Greater than
From x1 to x2
Between x1 and x2
Between x1 to x2
Example 9
Find the probability P(X; ); using Poisson table; P(10;7)
Solution:
P(X = 10) = P(X 10) P(X 9)
= 0.9015 0.8305
= 0.0710
Chapter 5: Special Distributions
Example
A sales
10 firm receives on average three calls per hour on its toll-free number. For any given
hour, find the probability that it will receive the following:
a)
b)
c)
d)
at most 3 calls
at least 3 calls
five or more calls
between 1 to 4 calls in 2 hours
Solution:
= 3 calls per hour
a) P(X 3) = 0.6472
b) P(X 3) = 1 P(X 2)
= 1 0.4232
= 0.5768
c) P(X 5) = 1 P(X 4)
= 1 0.8153
= 0.1847
= 6 calls in 2 hours
d) P(1< X 4) = P(X 4) P(X 1)
= 0.2851 0.0174
= 0.2677
10
EXERCISE 3
1. On average a household receives 2 telemarketing phone calls per week. Using the
Poisson distribution formula, find the probability that a randomly selected household
receives:
a. exactly six telemarketing phone calls during a given week.
b. less than three telemarketing phone calls in one month.
2. A washing machine in a LaundryMat breaks down an average of three times per
month. Using the Poisson probability distribution formula, find the probability that
this machine will have
3.
a)
b)
c)
In an airport between 1900 and 2000 hours, the number of airplane that land follows
a Poisson distribution with mean 0.9 per five minutes interval. Find the probability
that the number of plane that land is:
a) one or less between 1900 and 1905 hours
b) more than three between 1915 and 1930 hours
4.
An average of 4.8 customers comes to Malaysia Savings and Loan every hour. Find
the probability that during a given hour, the number of customer will come is
a)
exactly two
b)
at most 2
c)
none
Sports Score Jay receives, on average, eight calls per hour requesting the latest
sports score. The distribution is Poisson in nature. For any randomly selected hour,
find the probability that the company will receive
a)
b)
c)
11
Mean, =
Variance, 2 =
Standard Deviation, =
Example
An auto salesperson sells an average of 0.9 cars per day. Find the mean, variance
11
and standard deviation of cars sold per day by this salesperson.
Solution:
= = 0.9
= = 0.9 = 0.9487
2 = = 0.9
Example 12
An insurance salesperson sells an average of 1.4 policies per day.
a)
Find the probability that this salesperson will sell no insurance policy on a
certain day.
b)
Find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the probability this
salesperson will sell the policies per day.
Solution:
12
5.2
CONTINUOUS DISTRIBUTION
2. The total probability of all the (mutually exclusive) intervals within which x can
assume a value is 1.0.
13
The normal distribution is the most important and most commonly used
among all of probability distributions.
c)
14
c)
The two tails of the curve extend indefinitely which means that the curve never
touch x- axis.
The value under the curve indicates the proportion of area in each section.
(example figure 2; pg 13)
The units for the standard normal distribution curve are denoted by z and
called the z values or z scores.
15
The standard normal distribution table lists the areas under the
standard normal curve to the left of z-values from 3.49 to 3.49.
Although the z-values on the left side of the mean are negative, the area
under the curve is always positive.
How to read the probability value from the standard normal distribution table
Determine the area under the standard normal curve to the left of z = 1.95
16
Note:
z = 1.95 can be interpreted as area to the left of 1.95.
P(z < 1.95) = 0.9744 or P(z < 1.95) = P(z 1.95) = 0.9744
The probability that a continuous random variable assumes a single value is
zero. Therefore, P(z = 1.95) = 0.
Example
13
Find the area under the standard normal curve:
a) To the left of z = 1.56
b) To the right of z = -1.32
c) From z = 0.85 to z = 1.95
Solution:
a) To the left of z = 1.56
P(z < 1.56) = 0.9406
0
1.56
0.85
1.95 17
= 0.9744 0.8023
= 0.1721
EXERCISE 4
Find the area under the standard normal curve:
a) To the left of z = -2.87
B.
z=
Where and are the mean and standard deviation of the normal distribution of
x, respectively.
Remember!
The z value for the mean of a normal
distribution is always zero.
18
Example
14 x be a continuous random variable that has a normal distribution with a mean of 50
Let
and a standard deviation of 10. Convert the following x values to z values.
a)
55
b)
35
Solution:
For the given normal distribution, = 50 and =10
a) The z value for x = 55 is computes as follows:
b)
z = 35 50 =
10
Example 15
Let x be a continuous random variable that is normally distributed with a mean of 65 and
a standard deviation of 15. Find the probability that x can assumes a value:
a)
less than 43
b)
greater than 74
c)
between 56 and 71
Solution:
19
EXERCISE 5
1. Let x denote the time takes to run a road race. Supposed x is approximately
normally distributed with mean of 190 minutes and standard deviation of 21 minutes.
If one runner is selected at random, what is the probability that this runner will
complete this road race?
2.
a)
b)
The mean number of hours a student spends on the computer is 3.1 hours per day.
Assume the standard deviation is 0.5 hour. Find the percentage of students who
spend less than 3.5 hours on the computer. Assume the variable is normally
distributed.
b)
5.3
INTRODUCTION TO t- DISTRIBUTION
However, the t distribution has more area in the tails and less in the center
than does the standardized normal distribution.
Because the value of is uncertain, the values of t that are observed will be
more variable than for Z.
Standard normal
t distribution for 5
degrees of freedom
20
For this reason, most statisticians use Z instead of t when the sample size is
greater than 120.
EXERCISE 6
1. 10 % of the bulbs produced by a factory are defective. A sample of 5 bulbs is
selected randomly and tested for defect. Find the probability that
a) two bulbs are defective
b) at least one bulb is defective
2. In a university, 20 percent of the students fail the statistic test. If 20 students from the
university are interviewed, what is the probability of getting:
a) less than 3 students who fail the test
b) exactly 4 students who fail the test
3. A financial institution in Kuala Lumpur has offer a job as a risk analyst. For the
minimum qualification, the applicant must seats for writing test. Based on the
management experience, 40% of the applicants will pass the test and qualified for
the interview session. There are 20 applicants who have applied for the jobs. Find
the probability that there are more than 50% applicants will pass the test.
21
4. An Elementary Statistic class has 75 members. If there is a 12% absentee rate per
class meeting, find the mean, variance and standard deviation of the number of
students who will be absent from each class.
5. Before an umbrella leaves the factory, it is given a quality control check. The
probability that an umbrella contains zero, one or two defects is 0.88, 0.08 and 0.04
respectively. In a sample of 16 umbrellas, find the probability that:
a) 9 will have no defect
b) 4 will have one defect
c) 3 will have two defect
6. En. Rostam is a credit officer at the Trust Bank. Based on his experience, he
estimates that an average he will receive the loan application in a week is 3
applications. Find the probability that:
a)
b)
c)
7. A bookstore owner examines 5 books from each lot of 25 to check for missing pages.
If he finds at least two books with missing pages, the entire lot is returned. If indeed,
there are five books with missing pages, find the probability that the lot will be
returned.
8. The numbers of customers who enter shop ABC independent of one another and at
random intervals follow a Poisson distribution with an average rate 42 customers per
hour. Find the probability that:
a) no customer enter the shop during a particular 1 minutes interval
b) at least 4 customers enter the shop during a particular 5 minutes interval
c) between 2 and 6 customers enter the shop during a particular 10-minute
interval.
9. One research has been conducted by Students Affair Department of Menara
University about the CGPA of final semester student for 2010/2011 session. The
outcome of the research showed that the CGPA of the student is normally distributed
with mean 2.80 and standard deviation of 0.40. If one final semester student has
been selected at random;
a) Calculate the probability that the students CGPA is between 2.00 and 3.00
b) Find the percentage that the students CGPA is less than 2.00
c) Calculate the probability that the students CGPA is at least 3.00
22
d) Calculate the probability that the students CGPA is more than 3.70 (first
class honors). If the university has 1000 final semester students, find the
number of first class honors student.
10.
Encik Ahmad works as a lawyer at his own law firm which situated at Bandar
Kenangan. He drives his car to go to his workplace and back everyday. The
estimated time taken for the journey is normal distributed with mean 24 minutes
and standard deviation is 3.8 minutes.
a) Calculate the probability of estimated time taken by Encik Ahmad to go to
his workplace and back is at least half an hour.
b) Find the probability of estimated time taken by Encik Ahmad to go to his
workplace and back is 20 minutes to 25 minutes
c) Find the percentage that the estimated time taken by Encik Ahmad to go
to his workplace and back is more than 25 minutes.
d) Find the probability of estimated time taken by Encik Ahmad to go to his
workplace and back is less than 10 minutes. Explain.
11. Assume X is timing for a runner to finish his 2 km run. Given X is normally
distributed with mean 15 minutes and standard deviation is 3 minutes. If one
runner is selected at random, find the probability that the runner can finish his 2km
run in time;
a) Less than 13 minutes
b) Not more than 16 minutes
Given the systolic blood pressure for the obesity group has mean 132 mmHg and
standard deviation 8 mmHg. Assume the variable normally distributed, find the
probability an obese person that has been selected at random have a systolic
blood pressure:
The number of passenger for domestic flight from Alor Setar to Kuala Lumpur is
normally distributed with mean 80 and standard deviation 12. If one domestic
flight is selected at random, find the probability the plain has a passenger:
23
24
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
x
P ( X x) nCr p r (1 p )n r
r 0
n
1
2
r
0
1
0
1
2
0
1
2
3
0
1
2
3
4
0
1
2
3
4
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.10
0.9000
1.0000
0.8100
0.9900
1.0000
0.7290
0.9720
0.9990
1.0000
0.6561
0.9477
0.9963
0.9999
1.0000
0.5905
0.9185
0.9914
0.9995
1.0000
1.0000
0.5314
0.8857
0.9842
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.4783
0.8503
0.9743
0.9973
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.15
0.8500
1.0000
0.7225
0.9775
1.0000
0.6141
0.9393
0.9966
1.0000
0.5220
0.8905
0.9880
0.9995
1.0000
0.4437
0.8352
0.9734
0.9978
0.9999
1.0000
0.3771
0.7765
0.9527
0.9941
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
0.3206
0.7166
0.9262
0.9879
0.9988
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.20
0.8000
1.0000
0.6400
0.9600
1.0000
0.5120
0.8960
0.9920
1.0000
0.4096
0.8192
0.9728
0.9984
1.0000
0.3277
0.7373
0.9421
0.9933
0.9997
1.0000
0.2621
0.6554
0.9011
0.9830
0.9984
0.9999
1.0000
0.2097
0.5767
0.8520
0.9667
0.9953
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
0.25
0.7500
1.0000
0.5625
0.9375
1.0000
0.4219
0.8438
0.9844
1.0000
0.3164
0.7383
0.9492
0.9961
1.0000
0.2373
0.6328
0.8965
0.9844
0.9990
1.0000
0.1780
0.5339
0.8306
0.9624
0.9954
0.9998
1.0000
0.1335
0.4449
0.7564
0.9294
0.9871
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000
p
0.30
0.7000
1.0000
0.4900
0.9100
1.0000
0.3430
0.7840
0.9730
1.0000
0.2401
0.6517
0.9163
0.9919
1.0000
0.1681
0.5282
0.8369
0.9692
0.9976
1.0000
0.1176
0.4202
0.7443
0.9295
0.9891
0.9993
1.0000
0.0824
0.3294
0.6471
0.8740
0.9712
0.9962
0.9998
1.0000
0.35
0.6500
1.0000
0.4225
0.8775
1.0000
0.2746
0.7183
0.9571
1.0000
0.1785
0.5630
0.8735
0.9850
1.0000
0.1160
0.4284
0.7648
0.9460
0.9947
1.0000
0.0754
0.3191
0.6471
0.8826
0.9777
0.9982
1.0000
0.0490
0.2338
0.5323
0.8002
0.9444
0.9910
0.9994
1.0000
0.40
0.6000
1.0000
0.3600
0.8400
1.0000
0.2160
0.6480
0.9360
1.0000
0.1296
0.4752
0.8208
0.9744
1.0000
0.0778
0.3370
0.6826
0.9130
0.9898
1.0000
0.0467
0.2333
0.5443
0.8208
0.9590
0.9959
1.0000
0.0280
0.1586
0.4199
0.7102
0.9037
0.9812
0.9984
1.0000
0.45
0.5500
1.0000
0.3025
0.7975
1.0000
0.1664
0.5748
0.9089
1.0000
0.0915
0.3910
0.7585
0.9590
1.0000
0.0503
0.2562
0.5931
0.8688
0.9815
1.0000
0.0277
0.1636
0.4415
0.7447
0.9308
0.9917
1.0000
0.0152
0.1024
0.3164
0.6083
0.8471
0.9643
0.9963
1.0000
0.50
0.5000
1.0000
0.2500
0.7500
1.0000
0.1250
0.5000
0.8750
1.0000
0.0625
0.3125
0.6875
0.9375
1.0000
0.0313
0.1875
0.5000
0.8125
0.9688
1.0000
0.0156
0.1094
0.3438
0.6563
0.8906
0.9844
1.0000
0.0078
0.0625
0.2266
0.5000
0.7734
0.9375
0.9922
1.0000
continue;
Chapter 5: Special Distribution
Binomial Distribution Table
25
26
n
8
10
11
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
0.10
0.4305
0.8131
0.9619
0.9950
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.3874
0.7748
0.9470
0.9917
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.3487
0.7361
0.9298
0.9872
0.9984
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.3138
0.6974
0.9104
0.9815
0.9972
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.15
0.2725
0.6572
0.8948
0.9786
0.9971
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.2316
0.5995
0.8591
0.9661
0.9944
0.9994
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1969
0.5443
0.8202
0.9500
0.9901
0.9986
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1673
0.4922
0.7788
0.9306
0.9841
0.9973
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.20
0.1678
0.5033
0.7969
0.9437
0.9896
0.9988
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.1342
0.4362
0.7382
0.9144
0.9804
0.9969
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1074
0.3758
0.6778
0.8791
0.9672
0.9936
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0859
0.3221
0.6174
0.8389
0.9496
0.9883
0.9980
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.25
0.1001
0.3671
0.6785
0.8862
0.9727
0.9958
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
0.0751
0.3003
0.6007
0.8343
0.9511
0.9900
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0563
0.2440
0.5256
0.7759
0.9219
0.9803
0.9965
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0422
0.1971
0.4552
0.7133
0.8854
0.9657
0.9924
0.9988
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.30
0.0576
0.2553
0.5518
0.8059
0.9420
0.9887
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000
0.0404
0.1960
0.4628
0.7297
0.9012
0.9747
0.9957
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
0.0282
0.1493
0.3828
0.6496
0.8497
0.9527
0.9894
0.9984
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0198
0.1130
0.3127
0.5696
0.7897
0.9218
0.9784
0.9957
0.9994
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.35
0.0319
0.1691
0.4278
0.7064
0.8939
0.9747
0.9964
0.9998
1.0000
0.0207
0.1211
0.3373
0.6089
0.8283
0.9464
0.9888
0.9986
0.9999
1.0000
0.0135
0.0860
0.2616
0.5138
0.7515
0.9051
0.9740
0.9952
0.9995
1.0000
1.0000
0.0088
0.0606
0.2001
0.4256
0.6683
0.8513
0.9499
0.9878
0.9980
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
0.40
0.0168
0.1064
0.3154
0.5941
0.8263
0.9502
0.9915
0.9993
1.0000
0.0101
0.0705
0.2318
0.4826
0.7334
0.9006
0.9750
0.9962
0.9997
1.0000
0.0060
0.0464
0.1673
0.3823
0.6331
0.8338
0.9452
0.9877
0.9983
0.9999
1.0000
0.0036
0.0302
0.1189
0.2963
0.5328
0.7535
0.9006
0.9707
0.9941
0.9993
1.0000
1.0000
0.45
0.0084
0.0632
0.2201
0.4770
0.7396
0.9115
0.9819
0.9983
1.0000
0.0046
0.0385
0.1495
0.3614
0.6214
0.8342
0.9502
0.9909
0.9992
1.0000
0.0025
0.0233
0.0996
0.2660
0.5044
0.7384
0.8980
0.9726
0.9955
0.9997
1.0000
0.0014
0.0139
0.0652
0.1911
0.3971
0.6331
0.8262
0.9390
0.9852
0.9978
0.9998
1.0000
0.50
0.0039
0.0352
0.1445
0.3633
0.6367
0.8555
0.9648
0.9961
1.0000
0.0020
0.0195
0.0898
0.2539
0.5000
0.7461
0.9102
0.9805
0.9980
1.0000
0.0010
0.0107
0.0547
0.1719
0.3770
0.6230
0.8281
0.9453
0.9893
0.9990
1.0000
0.0005
0.0059
0.0327
0.1133
0.2744
0.5000
0.7256
0.8867
0.9673
0.9941
0.9995
1.0000
Continue;
p
Chapter 5: Special Distribution
Binomial Distribution Table
27
n
12
13
14
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
0.10
0.2824
0.6590
0.8891
0.9744
0.9957
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.2542
0.6213
0.8661
0.9658
0.9935
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.2288
0.5846
0.8416
0.9559
0.9908
0.9985
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.15
0.1422
0.4435
0.7358
0.9078
0.9761
0.9954
0.9993
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1209
0.3983
0.6920
0.8820
0.9658
0.9925
0.9987
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1028
0.3567
0.6479
0.8535
0.9533
0.9885
0.9978
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.20
0.0687
0.2749
0.5583
0.7946
0.9274
0.9806
0.9961
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0550
0.2336
0.5017
0.7473
0.9009
0.9700
0.9930
0.9988
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0440
0.1979
0.4481
0.6982
0.8702
0.9561
0.9884
0.9976
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.25
0.0317
0.1584
0.3907
0.6488
0.8424
0.9456
0.9857
0.9972
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0238
0.1267
0.3326
0.5843
0.7940
0.9198
0.9757
0.9944
0.9990
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0178
0.1010
0.2811
0.5213
0.7415
0.8883
0.9617
0.9897
0.9978
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.30
0.0138
0.0850
0.2528
0.4925
0.7237
0.8822
0.9614
0.9905
0.9983
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0097
0.0637
0.2025
0.4206
0.6543
0.8346
0.9376
0.9818
0.9960
0.9993
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0068
0.0475
0.1608
0.3552
0.5842
0.7805
0.9067
0.9685
0.9917
0.9983
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.35
0.0057
0.0424
0.1513
0.3467
0.5833
0.7873
0.9154
0.9745
0.9944
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0037
0.0296
0.1132
0.2783
0.5005
0.7159
0.8705
0.9538
0.9874
0.9975
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0024
0.0205
0.0839
0.2205
0.4227
0.6405
0.8164
0.9247
0.9757
0.9940
0.9989
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.40
0.0022
0.0196
0.0834
0.2253
0.4382
0.6652
0.8418
0.9427
0.9847
0.9972
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
0.0013
0.0126
0.0579
0.1686
0.3530
0.5744
0.7712
0.9023
0.9679
0.9922
0.9987
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0008
0.0081
0.0398
0.1243
0.2793
0.4859
0.6925
0.8499
0.9417
0.9825
0.9961
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.45
0.0008
0.0083
0.0421
0.1345
0.3044
0.5269
0.7393
0.8883
0.9644
0.9921
0.9989
0.9999
1.0000
0.0004
0.0049
0.0269
0.0929
0.2279
0.4268
0.6437
0.8212
0.9302
0.9797
0.9959
0.9995
1.0000
1.0000
0.0002
0.0029
0.0170
0.0632
0.1672
0.3373
0.5461
0.7414
0.8811
0.9574
0.9886
0.9978
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
Continue;
p
Chapter 5: Special Distribution
Binomial Distribution Table
28
0.50
0.0002
0.0032
0.0193
0.0730
0.1938
0.3872
0.6128
0.8062
0.9270
0.9807
0.9968
0.9998
1.0000
0.0001
0.0017
0.0112
0.0461
0.1334
0.2905
0.5000
0.7095
0.8666
0.9539
0.9888
0.9983
0.9999
1.0000
0.0001
0.0009
0.0065
0.0287
0.0898
0.2120
0.3953
0.6047
0.7880
0.9102
0.9713
0.9935
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
n
15
16
17
r
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
0.10
0.2059
0.5490
0.8159
0.9444
0.9873
0.9978
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1853
0.5147
0.7892
0.9316
0.9830
0.9967
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1668
0.4818
0.7618
0.9174
0.9779
0.9953
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
0.15
0.0874
0.3186
0.6042
0.8227
0.9383
0.9832
0.9964
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0743
0.2839
0.5614
0.7899
0.9209
0.9765
0.9944
0.9989
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0631
0.2525
0.5198
0.7556
0.9013
0.9681
0.9917
0.9983
0.9997
0.20
0.0352
0.1671
0.3980
0.6482
0.8358
0.9389
0.9819
0.9958
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0281
0.1407
0.3518
0.5981
0.7982
0.9183
0.9733
0.9930
0.9985
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0225
0.1182
0.3096
0.5489
0.7582
0.8943
0.9623
0.9891
0.9974
0.25
0.0134
0.0802
0.2361
0.4613
0.6865
0.8516
0.9434
0.9827
0.9958
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0100
0.0635
0.1971
0.4050
0.6302
0.8103
0.9204
0.9729
0.9925
0.9984
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0075
0.0501
0.1637
0.3530
0.5739
0.7653
0.8929
0.9598
0.9876
0.30
0.0047
0.0353
0.1268
0.2969
0.5155
0.7216
0.8689
0.9500
0.9848
0.9963
0.9993
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0033
0.0261
0.0994
0.2459
0.4499
0.6598
0.8247
0.9256
0.9743
0.9929
0.9984
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0023
0.0193
0.0774
0.2019
0.3887
0.5968
0.7752
0.8954
0.9597
0.35
0.0016
0.0142
0.0617
0.1727
0.3519
0.5643
0.7548
0.8868
0.9578
0.9876
0.9972
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0010
0.0098
0.0451
0.1339
0.2892
0.4900
0.6881
0.8406
0.9329
0.9771
0.9938
0.9987
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0007
0.0067
0.0327
0.1028
0.2348
0.4197
0.6188
0.7872
0.9006
0.40
0.0005
0.0052
0.0271
0.0905
0.2173
0.4032
0.6098
0.7869
0.9050
0.9662
0.9907
0.9981
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0003
0.0033
0.0183
0.0651
0.1666
0.3288
0.5272
0.7161
0.8577
0.9417
0.9809
0.9951
0.9991
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0002
0.0021
0.0123
0.0464
0.1260
0.2639
0.4478
0.6405
0.8011
0.45
0.0001
0.0017
0.0107
0.0424
0.1204
0.2608
0.4522
0.6535
0.8182
0.9231
0.9745
0.9937
0.9989
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0001
0.0010
0.0066
0.0281
0.0853
0.1976
0.3660
0.5629
0.7441
0.8759
0.9514
0.9851
0.9965
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0006
0.0041
0.0184
0.0596
0.1471
0.2902
0.4743
0.6626
Continue;
p
Chapter 5: Special Distribution
Binomial Distribution Table
29
0.50
0.0000
0.0005
0.0037
0.0176
0.0592
0.1509
0.3036
0.5000
0.6964
0.8491
0.9408
0.9824
0.9963
0.9995
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0021
0.0106
0.0384
0.1051
0.2272
0.4018
0.5982
0.7728
0.8949
0.9616
0.9894
0.9979
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0012
0.0064
0.0245
0.0717
0.1662
0.3145
0.5000
18
19
r
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
0.10
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1501
0.4503
0.7338
0.9018
0.9718
0.9936
0.9988
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1351
0.4203
0.7054
0.8850
0.9648
0.9914
0.9983
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.15
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0536
0.2241
0.4797
0.7202
0.8794
0.9581
0.9882
0.9973
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0456
0.1985
0.4413
0.6841
0.8556
0.9463
0.9837
0.9959
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.20
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0180
0.0991
0.2713
0.5010
0.7164
0.8671
0.9487
0.9837
0.9957
0.9991
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0144
0.0829
0.2369
0.4551
0.6733
0.8369
0.9324
0.9767
0.9933
0.9984
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.25
0.9969
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0056
0.0395
0.1353
0.3057
0.5187
0.7175
0.8610
0.9431
0.9807
0.9946
0.9988
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0042
0.0310
0.1113
0.2631
0.4654
0.6678
0.8251
0.9225
0.9713
0.9911
0.9977
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
0.30
0.9873
0.9968
0.9993
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0016
0.0142
0.0600
0.1646
0.3327
0.5344
0.7217
0.8593
0.9404
0.9790
0.9939
0.9986
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0011
0.0104
0.0462
0.1332
0.2822
0.4739
0.6655
0.8180
0.9161
0.9674
0.9895
0.9972
0.9994
0.9999
0.35
0.9617
0.9880
0.9970
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0004
0.0046
0.0236
0.0783
0.1886
0.3550
0.5491
0.7283
0.8609
0.9403
0.9788
0.9938
0.9986
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0003
0.0031
0.0170
0.0591
0.1500
0.2968
0.4812
0.6656
0.8145
0.9125
0.9653
0.9886
0.9969
0.9993
0.40
0.9081
0.9652
0.9894
0.9975
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0001
0.0013
0.0082
0.0328
0.0942
0.2088
0.3743
0.5634
0.7368
0.8653
0.9424
0.9797
0.9942
0.9987
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0001
0.0008
0.0055
0.0230
0.0696
0.1629
0.3081
0.4878
0.6675
0.8139
0.9115
0.9648
0.9884
0.9969
0.45
0.8166
0.9174
0.9699
0.9914
0.9981
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0003
0.0025
0.0120
0.0411
0.1077
0.2258
0.3915
0.5778
0.7473
0.8720
0.9463
0.9817
0.9951
0.9990
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0015
0.0077
0.0280
0.0777
0.1727
0.3169
0.4940
0.6710
0.8159
0.9129
0.9658
0.9891
0.50
0.6855
0.8338
0.9283
0.9755
0.9936
0.9988
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0007
0.0038
0.0154
0.0481
0.1189
0.2403
0.4073
0.5927
0.7597
0.8811
0.9519
0.9846
0.9962
0.9993
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0004
0.0022
0.0096
0.0318
0.0835
0.1796
0.3238
0.5000
0.6762
0.8204
0.9165
0.9682
Continue:
p
Chapter 5: Special Distribution
Binomial Distribution Table
30
20
r
14
15
16
17
18
19
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.10
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.1216
0.3917
0.6769
0.8670
0.9568
0.9887
0.9976
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.15
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0388
0.1756
0.4049
0.6477
0.8298
0.9327
0.9781
0.9941
0.9987
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.20
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0115
0.0692
0.2061
0.4114
0.6296
0.8042
0.9133
0.9679
0.9900
0.9974
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.25
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0032
0.0243
0.0913
0.2252
0.4148
0.6172
0.7858
0.8982
0.9591
0.9861
0.9961
0.9991
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.30
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0008
0.0076
0.0355
0.1071
0.2375
0.4164
0.6080
0.7723
0.8867
0.9520
0.9829
0.9949
0.9987
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.35
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0002
0.0021
0.0121
0.0444
0.1182
0.2454
0.4166
0.6010
0.7624
0.8782
0.9468
0.9804
0.9940
0.9985
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.40
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0005
0.0036
0.0160
0.0510
0.1256
0.2500
0.4159
0.5956
0.7553
0.8725
0.9435
0.9790
0.9935
0.9984
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.45
0.9972
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0009
0.0049
0.0189
0.0553
0.1299
0.2520
0.4143
0.5914
0.7507
0.8692
0.9420
0.9786
0.9936
0.9985
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.50
0.9904
0.9978
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0013
0.0059
0.0207
0.0577
0.1316
0.2517
0.4119
0.5881
0.7483
0.8684
0.9423
0.9793
0.9941
0.9987
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
31
POISSON DISTRIBUTION
e k
P( X x)
k!
k 0
x
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
0.1
0.9048
0.9953
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.2
0.8187
0.9825
0.9989
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.3
0.7408
0.9631
0.9964
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.4
0.6703
0.9384
0.9921
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.5
0.6065
0.9098
0.9856
0.9982
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.6
0.5488
0.8781
0.9769
0.9966
0.9996
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
0.7
0.4966
0.8442
0.9659
0.9942
0.9992
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
0.8
0.4493
0.8088
0.9526
0.9909
0.9986
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
0.9
0.4066
0.7725
0.9371
0.9865
0.9977
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0
0.3679
0.7358
0.9197
0.9810
0.9963
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.1
0.3329
0.6990
0.9004
0.9743
0.9946
0.9990
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.2
0.3012
0.6626
0.8795
0.9662
0.9923
0.9985
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.3
0.2725
0.6268
0.8571
0.9569
0.9893
0.9978
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.4
0.2466
0.5918
0.8335
0.9463
0.9857
0.9968
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.5
0.2231
0.5578
0.8088
0.9344
0.9814
0.9955
0.9991
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.6
0.2019
0.5249
0.7834
0.9212
0.9763
0.9940
0.9987
0.9997
1.0000
1.0000
1.7
0.1827
0.4932
0.7572
0.9068
0.9704
0.9920
0.9981
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.8
0.1653
0.4628
0.7306
0.8913
0.9636
0.9896
0.9974
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.9
0.1496
0.4337
0.7037
0.8747
0.9559
0.9868
0.9966
0.9992
0.9998
1.0000
2.0
0.1353
0.4060
0.6767
0.8571
0.9473
0.9834
0.9955
0.9989
0.9998
1.0000
2.1
0.1225
0.3796
0.6496
0.8386
0.9379
0.9796
0.9941
0.9985
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
2.2
0.1108
0.3546
0.6227
0.8194
0.9275
0.9751
0.9925
0.9980
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
2.3
0.1003
0.3309
0.5960
0.7993
0.9162
0.9700
0.9906
0.9974
0.9994
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
2.4
0.0907
0.3084
0.5697
0.7787
0.9041
0.9643
0.9884
0.9967
0.9991
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
2.5
0.0821
0.2873
0.5438
0.7576
0.8912
0.9580
0.9858
0.9958
0.9989
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
2.6
0.0743
0.2674
0.5184
0.7360
0.8774
0.9510
0.9828
0.9947
0.9985
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
2.7
0.0672
0.2487
0.4936
0.7141
0.8629
0.9433
0.9794
0.9934
0.9981
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
2.8
0.0608
0.2311
0.4695
0.6919
0.8477
0.9349
0.9756
0.9919
0.9976
0.9993
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
2.9
0.0550
0.2146
0.4460
0.6696
0.8318
0.9258
0.9713
0.9901
0.9969
0.9991
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
3.0
0.0498
0.1991
0.4232
0.6472
0.8153
0.9161
0.9665
0.9881
0.9962
0.9989
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
32
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
3.1
0.0450
0.1847
0.4012
0.6248
0.7982
0.9057
0.9612
0.9858
0.9953
0.9986
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
3.2
0.0408
0.1712
0.3799
0.6025
0.7806
0.8946
0.9554
0.9832
0.9943
0.9982
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
3.3
0.0369
0.1586
0.3594
0.5803
0.7626
0.8829
0.9490
0.9802
0.9931
0.9978
0.9994
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
3.4
0.0334
0.1468
0.3397
0.5584
0.7442
0.8705
0.9421
0.9769
0.9917
0.9973
0.9992
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
3.5
0.0302
0.1359
0.3208
0.5366
0.7254
0.8576
0.9347
0.9733
0.9901
0.9967
0.9990
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
3.6
0.0273
0.1257
0.3027
0.5152
0.7064
0.8441
0.9267
0.9692
0.9883
0.9960
0.9987
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
3.7
0.0247
0.1162
0.2854
0.4942
0.6872
0.8301
0.9182
0.9648
0.9863
0.9952
0.9984
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
3.8
0.0224
0.1074
0.2689
0.4735
0.6678
0.8156
0.9091
0.9599
0.9840
0.9942
0.9981
0.9994
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
3.9
0.0202
0.0992
0.2531
0.4532
0.6484
0.8006
0.8995
0.9546
0.9815
0.9931
0.9977
0.9993
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
4.0
0.0183
0.0916
0.2381
0.4335
0.6288
0.7851
0.8893
0.9489
0.9786
0.9919
0.9972
0.9991
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
4.1
0.0166
0.0845
0.2238
0.4142
0.6093
0.7693
0.8786
0.9427
0.9755
0.9905
0.9966
0.9989
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
4.2
0.0150
0.0780
0.2102
0.3954
0.5898
0.7531
0.8675
0.9361
0.9721
0.9889
0.9959
0.9986
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
4.3
0.0136
0.0719
0.1974
0.3772
0.5704
0.7367
0.8558
0.9290
0.9683
0.9871
0.9952
0.9983
0.9995
0.9998
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
4.4
0.0123
0.0663
0.1851
0.3594
0.5512
0.7199
0.8436
0.9214
0.9642
0.9851
0.9943
0.9980
0.9993
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
4.5
0.0111
0.0611
0.1736
0.3423
0.5321
0.7029
0.8311
0.9134
0.9597
0.9829
0.9933
0.9976
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
4.6
0.0101
0.0563
0.1626
0.3257
0.5132
0.6858
0.8180
0.9049
0.9549
0.9805
0.9922
0.9971
0.9990
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
4.7
0.0091
0.0518
0.1523
0.3097
0.4946
0.6684
0.8046
0.8960
0.9497
0.9778
0.9910
0.9966
0.9988
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
4.8
0.0082
0.0477
0.1425
0.2942
0.4763
0.6510
0.7908
0.8867
0.9442
0.9749
0.9896
0.9960
0.9986
0.9995
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
4.9
0.0074
0.0439
0.1333
0.2793
0.4582
0.6335
0.7767
0.8769
0.9382
0.9717
0.9880
0.9953
0.9983
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
5.0
0.0067
0.0404
0.1247
0.2650
0.4405
0.6160
0.7622
0.8666
0.9319
0.9682
0.9863
0.9945
0.9980
0.9993
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
5.1
0.0061
0.0372
0.1165
0.2513
0.4231
0.5984
0.7474
5.2
0.0055
0.0342
0.1088
0.2381
0.4061
0.5809
0.7324
5.3
0.0050
0.0314
0.1016
0.2254
0.3895
0.5635
0.7171
5.4
0.0045
0.0289
0.0948
0.2133
0.3733
0.5461
0.7017
5.5
0.0041
0.0266
0.0884
0.2017
0.3575
0.5289
0.6860
5.6
0.0037
0.0244
0.0824
0.1906
0.3422
0.5119
0.6703
5.7
0.0033
0.0224
0.0768
0.1800
0.3272
0.4950
0.6544
5.8
0.0030
0.0206
0.0715
0.1700
0.3127
0.4783
0.6384
5.9
0.0027
0.0189
0.0666
0.1604
0.2987
0.4619
0.6224
6.0
0.0025
0.0174
0.0620
0.1512
0.2851
0.4457
0.6063
33
x
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
5.1
0.8560
0.9252
0.9644
0.9844
0.9937
0.9976
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
5.2
0.8449
0.9181
0.9603
0.9823
0.9927
0.9972
0.9990
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
5.3
0.8335
0.9106
0.9559
0.9800
0.9916
0.9967
0.9988
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
5.4
0.8217
0.9027
0.9512
0.9775
0.9904
0.9962
0.9986
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
5.5
0.8095
0.8944
0.9462
0.9747
0.9890
0.9955
0.9983
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
5.6
0.7970
0.8857
0.9409
0.9718
0.9875
0.9949
0.9980
0.9993
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
5.7
0.7841
0.8766
0.9352
0.9686
0.9859
0.9941
0.9977
0.9991
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
5.8
0.7710
0.8672
0.9292
0.9651
0.9841
0.9932
0.9973
0.9990
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
5.9
0.7576
0.8574
0.9228
0.9614
0.9821
0.9922
0.9969
0.9988
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
6.0
0.7440
0.8472
0.9161
0.9574
0.9799
0.9912
0.9964
0.9986
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
6.1
0.0022
0.0159
0.0577
0.1425
0.2719
0.4298
0.5902
0.7301
0.8367
0.9090
0.9531
0.9776
0.9900
0.9958
0.9984
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
6.2
0.0020
0.0146
0.0536
0.1342
0.2592
0.4141
0.5742
0.7160
0.8259
0.9016
0.9486
0.9750
0.9887
0.9952
0.9981
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
6.3
0.0018
0.0134
0.0498
0.1264
0.2469
0.3988
0.5582
0.7017
0.8148
0.8939
0.9437
0.9723
0.9873
0.9945
0.9978
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
6.4
0.0017
0.0123
0.0463
0.1189
0.2351
0.3837
0.5423
0.6873
0.8033
0.8858
0.9386
0.9693
0.9857
0.9937
0.9974
0.9990
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
6.5
0.0015
0.0113
0.0430
0.1118
0.2237
0.3690
0.5265
0.6728
0.7916
0.8774
0.9332
0.9661
0.9840
0.9929
0.9970
0.9988
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
6.6
0.0014
0.0103
0.0400
0.1052
0.2127
0.3547
0.5108
0.6581
0.7796
0.8686
0.9274
0.9627
0.9821
0.9920
0.9966
0.9986
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
6.7
0.0012
0.0095
0.0371
0.0988
0.2022
0.3406
0.4953
0.6433
0.7673
0.8596
0.9214
0.9591
0.9801
0.9909
0.9961
0.9984
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
6.8
0.0011
0.0087
0.0344
0.0928
0.1920
0.3270
0.4799
0.6285
0.7548
0.8502
0.9151
0.9552
0.9779
0.9898
0.9956
0.9982
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
6.9
0.0010
0.0080
0.0320
0.0871
0.1823
0.3137
0.4647
0.6136
0.7420
0.8405
0.9084
0.9510
0.9755
0.9885
0.9950
0.9979
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
7.0
0.0009
0.0073
0.0296
0.0818
0.1730
0.3007
0.4497
0.5987
0.7291
0.8305
0.9015
0.9467
0.9730
0.9872
0.9943
0.9976
0.9990
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
7.1
0.0008
0.0067
0.0275
0.0767
0.1641
0.2881
0.4349
7.2
0.0007
0.0061
0.0255
0.0719
0.1555
0.2759
0.4204
7.3
0.0007
0.0056
0.0236
0.0674
0.1473
0.2640
0.4060
7.4
0.0006
0.0051
0.0219
0.0632
0.1395
0.2526
0.3920
7.5
0.0006
0.0047
0.0203
0.0591
0.1321
0.2414
0.3782
7.6
0.0005
0.0043
0.0188
0.0554
0.1249
0.2307
0.3646
7.7
0.0005
0.0039
0.0174
0.0518
0.1181
0.2203
0.3514
7.8
0.0004
0.0036
0.0161
0.0485
0.1117
0.2103
0.3384
7.9
0.0004
0.0033
0.0149
0.0453
0.1055
0.2006
0.3257
8.0
0.0003
0.0030
0.0138
0.0424
0.0996
0.1912
0.3134
Continue;
Chapter 5: Special Distribution
Poisson Distribution Table
34
x
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
7.1
0.5838
0.7160
0.8202
0.8942
0.9420
0.9703
0.9857
0.9935
0.9972
0.9989
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
7.2
0.5689
0.7027
0.8096
0.8867
0.9371
0.9673
0.9841
0.9927
0.9969
0.9987
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
7.3
0.5541
0.6892
0.7988
0.8788
0.9319
0.9642
0.9824
0.9918
0.9964
0.9985
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
7.4
0.5393
0.6757
0.7877
0.8707
0.9265
0.9609
0.9805
0.9908
0.9959
0.9983
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
7.5
0.5246
0.6620
0.7764
0.8622
0.9208
0.9573
0.9784
0.9897
0.9954
0.9980
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
7.6
0.5100
0.6482
0.7649
0.8535
0.9148
0.9536
0.9762
0.9886
0.9948
0.9978
0.9991
0.9996
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
7.7
0.4956
0.6343
0.7531
0.8445
0.9085
0.9496
0.9739
0.9873
0.9941
0.9974
0.9989
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
7.8
0.4812
0.6204
0.7411
0.8352
0.9020
0.9454
0.9714
0.9859
0.9934
0.9971
0.9988
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
7.9
0.4670
0.6065
0.7290
0.8257
0.8952
0.9409
0.9687
0.9844
0.9926
0.9967
0.9986
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
8.0
0.4530
0.5925
0.7166
0.8159
0.8881
0.9362
0.9658
0.9827
0.9918
0.9963
0.9984
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
8.1
0.0003
0.0028
0.0127
0.0396
0.0940
0.1822
0.3013
0.4391
0.5786
0.7041
0.8058
0.8807
0.9313
0.9628
0.9810
0.9908
0.9958
0.9982
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
8.2
0.0003
0.0025
0.0118
0.0370
0.0887
0.1736
0.2896
0.4254
0.5647
0.6915
0.7955
0.8731
0.9261
0.9595
0.9791
0.9898
0.9953
0.9979
0.9991
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
8.3
0.0002
0.0023
0.0109
0.0346
0.0837
0.1653
0.2781
0.4119
0.5507
0.6788
0.7850
0.8652
0.9207
0.9561
0.9771
0.9887
0.9947
0.9977
0.9990
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
8.4
0.0002
0.0021
0.0100
0.0323
0.0789
0.1573
0.2670
0.3987
0.5369
0.6659
0.7743
0.8571
0.9150
0.9524
0.9749
0.9875
0.9941
0.9973
0.9989
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
8.5
0.0002
0.0019
0.0093
0.0301
0.0744
0.1496
0.2562
0.3856
0.5231
0.6530
0.7634
0.8487
0.9091
0.9486
0.9726
0.9862
0.9934
0.9970
0.9987
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
8.6
0.0002
0.0018
0.0086
0.0281
0.0701
0.1422
0.2457
0.3728
0.5094
0.6400
0.7522
0.8400
0.9029
0.9445
0.9701
0.9848
0.9926
0.9966
0.9985
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
8.7
0.0002
0.0016
0.0079
0.0262
0.0660
0.1352
0.2355
0.3602
0.4958
0.6269
0.7409
0.8311
0.8965
0.9403
0.9675
0.9832
0.9918
0.9962
0.9983
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
8.8
0.0002
0.0015
0.0073
0.0244
0.0621
0.1284
0.2256
0.3478
0.4823
0.6137
0.7294
0.8220
0.8898
0.9358
0.9647
0.9816
0.9909
0.9957
0.9981
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
8.9
0.0001
0.0014
0.0068
0.0228
0.0584
0.1219
0.2160
0.3357
0.4689
0.6006
0.7178
0.8126
0.8829
0.9311
0.9617
0.9798
0.9899
0.9952
0.9978
0.9991
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
9.0
0.0001
0.0012
0.0062
0.0212
0.0550
0.1157
0.2068
0.3239
0.4557
0.5874
0.7060
0.8030
0.8758
0.9261
0.9585
0.9780
0.9889
0.9947
0.9976
0.9989
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
35
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
x
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
9.1
0.0001
0.0011
0.0058
0.0198
0.0517
0.1098
0.1978
0.3123
0.4426
0.5742
0.6941
0.7932
0.8684
0.9210
0.9552
0.9760
0.9878
0.9941
0.9973
0.9988
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
9.2
0.0001
0.0010
0.0053
0.0184
0.0486
0.1041
0.1892
0.3010
0.4296
0.5611
0.6820
0.7832
0.8607
0.9156
0.9517
0.9738
0.9865
0.9934
0.9969
0.9986
0.9994
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
9.3
0.0001
0.0009
0.0049
0.0172
0.0456
0.0986
0.1808
0.2900
0.4168
0.5479
0.6699
0.7730
0.8529
0.9100
0.9480
0.9715
0.9852
0.9927
0.9966
0.9985
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
9.4
0.0001
0.0009
0.0045
0.0160
0.0429
0.0935
0.1727
0.2792
0.4042
0.5349
0.6576
0.7626
0.8448
0.9042
0.9441
0.9691
0.9838
0.9919
0.9962
0.9983
0.9992
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
9.5
0.0001
0.0008
0.0042
0.0149
0.0403
0.0885
0.1649
0.2687
0.3918
0.5218
0.6453
0.7520
0.8364
0.8981
0.9400
0.9665
0.9823
0.9911
0.9957
0.9980
0.9991
0.9996
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
9.6
0.0001
0.0007
0.0038
0.0138
0.0378
0.0838
0.1574
0.2584
0.3796
0.5089
0.6329
0.7412
0.8279
0.8919
0.9357
0.9638
0.9806
0.9902
0.9952
0.9978
0.9990
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
9.7
0.0001
0.0007
0.0035
0.0129
0.0355
0.0793
0.1502
0.2485
0.3676
0.4960
0.6205
0.7303
0.8191
0.8853
0.9312
0.9609
0.9789
0.9892
0.9947
0.9975
0.9989
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
9.8
0.0001
0.0006
0.0033
0.0120
0.0333
0.0750
0.1433
0.2388
0.3558
0.4832
0.6080
0.7193
0.8101
0.8786
0.9265
0.9579
0.9770
0.9881
0.9941
0.9972
0.9987
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
9.9
0.0001
0.0005
0.0030
0.0111
0.0312
0.0710
0.1366
0.2294
0.3442
0.4705
0.5955
0.7081
0.8009
0.8716
0.9216
0.9546
0.9751
0.9870
0.9935
0.9969
0.9986
0.9994
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
10.0
0.0000
0.0005
0.0028
0.0103
0.0293
0.0671
0.1301
0.2202
0.3328
0.4579
0.5830
0.6968
0.7916
0.8645
0.9165
0.9513
0.9730
0.9857
0.9928
0.9965
0.9984
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
1.0000
11.0
0.0000
0.0002
0.0012
0.0049
0.0151
0.0375
0.0786
0.1432
0.2320
0.3405
0.4599
0.5793
0.6887
0.7813
0.8540
0.9074
12.0
0.0000
0.0001
0.0005
0.0023
0.0076
0.0203
0.0458
0.0895
0.1550
0.2424
0.3472
0.4616
0.5760
0.6815
0.7720
0.8444
13.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0011
0.0037
0.0107
0.0259
0.0540
0.0998
0.1658
0.2517
0.3532
0.4631
0.5730
0.6751
0.7636
14.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0005
0.0018
0.0055
0.0142
0.0316
0.0621
0.1094
0.1757
0.2600
0.3585
0.4644
0.5704
0.6694
15.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0009
0.0028
0.0076
0.0180
0.0374
0.0699
0.1185
0.1848
0.2676
0.3632
0.4657
0.5681
16.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0004
0.0014
0.0040
0.0100
0.0220
0.0433
0.0774
0.1270
0.1931
0.2745
0.3675
0.4667
17.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0007
0.0021
0.0054
0.0126
0.0261
0.0491
0.0847
0.1350
0.2009
0.2808
0.3715
18.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0010
0.0029
0.0071
0.0154
0.0304
0.0549
0.0917
0.1426
0.2081
0.2867
19.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0002
0.0005
0.0015
0.0039
0.0089
0.0183
0.0347
0.0606
0.0984
0.1497
0.2148
20.0
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0003
0.0008
0.0021
0.0050
0.0108
0.0214
0.0390
0.0661
0.1049
0.1565
36
Continue;
x
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
11.0
0.9441
0.9678
0.9823
0.9907
0.9953
0.9977
0.9990
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
12.0
0.8987
0.9370
0.9626
0.9787
0.9884
0.9939
0.9970
0.9985
0.9993
0.9997
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
13.0
0.8355
0.8905
0.9302
0.9573
0.9750
0.9859
0.9924
0.9960
0.9980
0.9990
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
14.0
0.7559
0.8272
0.8826
0.9235
0.9521
0.9712
0.9833
0.9907
0.9950
0.9974
0.9987
0.9994
0.9997
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
15.0
0.6641
0.7489
0.8195
0.8752
0.9170
0.9469
0.9673
0.9805
0.9888
0.9938
0.9967
0.9983
0.9991
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
16.0
0.5660
0.6593
0.7423
0.8122
0.8682
0.9108
0.9418
0.9633
0.9777
0.9869
0.9925
0.9959
0.9978
0.9989
0.9994
0.9997
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
17.0
0.4677
0.5640
0.6550
0.7363
0.8055
0.8615
0.9047
0.9367
0.9594
0.9748
0.9848
0.9912
0.9950
0.9973
0.9986
0.9993
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
18.0
0.3751
0.4686
0.5622
0.6509
0.7307
0.7991
0.8551
0.8989
0.9317
0.9554
0.9718
0.9827
0.9897
0.9941
0.9967
0.9982
0.9990
0.9995
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
19.0
0.2920
0.3784
0.4695
0.5606
0.6472
0.7255
0.7931
0.8490
0.8933
0.9269
0.9514
0.9687
0.9805
0.9882
0.9930
0.9960
0.9978
0.9988
0.9994
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
1.0000
1.0000
1.0000
20.0
0.2211
0.2970
0.3814
0.4703
0.5591
0.6437
0.7206
0.7875
0.8432
0.8878
0.9221
0.9475
0.9657
0.9782
0.9865
0.9919
0.9953
0.9973
0.9985
0.9992
0.9996
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
37
1
P(Z z )
2
z
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
0.00
0.5000
0.5398
0.5793
0.6179
0.6554
0.6915
0.7257
0.7580
0.7881
0.8159
0.8413
0.8643
0.8849
0.9032
0.9192
0.9332
0.9452
0.9554
0.9641
0.9713
0.9772
0.9821
0.9861
0.9893
0.9918
0.9938
0.9953
0.9965
0.9974
0.9981
0.9987
0.9990
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
x2
2
dx
0.01
0.5040
0.5438
0.5832
0.6217
0.6591
0.6950
0.7291
0.7611
0.7910
0.8186
0.8438
0.8665
0.8869
0.9049
0.9207
0.9345
0.9463
0.9564
0.9649
0.9719
0.9778
0.9826
0.9864
0.9896
0.9920
0.9940
0.9955
0.9966
0.9975
0.9982
0.9987
0.9991
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.02
0.5080
0.5478
0.5871
0.6255
0.6628
0.6985
0.7324
0.7642
0.7939
0.8212
0.8461
0.8686
0.8888
0.9066
0.9222
0.9357
0.9474
0.9573
0.9656
0.9726
0.9783
0.9830
0.9868
0.9898
0.9922
0.9941
0.9956
0.9967
0.9976
0.9982
0.9987
0.9991
0.9994
0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.03
0.5120
0.5517
0.5910
0.6293
0.6664
0.7019
0.7357
0.7673
0.7967
0.8238
0.8485
0.8708
0.8907
0.9082
0.9236
0.9370
0.9484
0.9582
0.9664
0.9732
0.9788
0.9834
0.9871
0.9901
0.9925
0.9943
0.9957
0.9968
0.9977
0.9983
0.9988
0.9991
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.04
0.5160
0.5557
0.5948
0.6331
0.6700
0.7054
0.7389
0.7704
0.7995
0.8264
0.8508
0.8729
0.8925
0.9099
0.9251
0.9382
0.9495
0.9591
0.9671
0.9738
0.9793
0.9838
0.9875
0.9904
0.9927
0.9945
0.9959
0.9969
0.9977
0.9984
0.9988
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.05
0.5199
0.5596
0.5987
0.6368
0.6736
0.7088
0.7422
0.7734
0.8023
0.8289
0.8531
0.8749
0.8944
0.9115
0.9265
0.9394
0.9505
0.9599
0.9678
0.9744
0.9798
0.9842
0.9878
0.9906
0.9929
0.9946
0.9960
0.9970
0.9978
0.9984
0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.06
0.5239
0.5636
0.6026
0.6406
0.6772
0.7123
0.7454
0.7764
0.8051
0.8315
0.8554
0.8770
0.8962
0.9131
0.9279
0.9406
0.9515
0.9608
0.9686
0.9750
0.9803
0.9846
0.9881
0.9909
0.9931
0.9948
0.9961
0.9971
0.9979
0.9985
0.9989
0.9992
0.9994
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.07
0.5279
0.5675
0.6064
0.6443
0.6808
0.7157
0.7486
0.7794
0.8078
0.8340
0.8577
0.8790
0.8980
0.9147
0.9292
0.9418
0.9525
0.9616
0.9693
0.9756
0.9808
0.9850
0.9884
0.9911
0.9932
0.9949
0.9962
0.9972
0.9979
0.9985
0.9989
0.9992
0.9995
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.08
0.5319
0.5714
0.6103
0.6480
0.6844
0.7190
0.7517
0.7823
0.8106
0.8365
0.8599
0.8810
0.8997
0.9162
0.9306
0.9429
0.9535
0.9625
0.9699
0.9761
0.9812
0.9854
0.9887
0.9913
0.9934
0.9951
0.9963
0.9973
0.9980
0.9986
0.9990
0.9993
0.9995
0.9996
0.9997
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
0.09
0.5359
0.5753
0.6141
0.6517
0.6879
0.7224
0.7549
0.7852
0.8133
0.8389
0.8621
0.8830
0.9015
0.9177
0.9319
0.9441
0.9545
0.9633
0.9706
0.9767
0.9817
0.9857
0.9890
0.9916
0.9936
0.9952
0.9964
0.9974
0.9981
0.9986
0.9990
0.9993
0.9995
0.9997
0.9998
0.9998
0.9999
0.9999
0.9999
1.0000
38
Continue;
z
-0.0
-0.1
-0.2
-0.3
-0.4
-0.5
-0.6
-0.7
-0.8
-0.9
-1.0
-1.1
-1.2
-1.3
-1.4
-1.5
-1.6
-1.7
-1.8
-1.9
-2.0
-2.1
-2.2
-2.3
-2.4
-2.5
-2.6
-2.7
-2.8
-2.9
-3.0
-3.1
-3.2
-3.3
-3.4
-3.5
-3.6
-3.7
-3.8
-3.9
0.00
0.5000
0.4602
0.4207
0.3821
0.3446
0.3085
0.2743
0.2420
0.2119
0.1841
0.1587
0.1357
0.1151
0.0968
0.0808
0.0668
0.0548
0.0446
0.0359
0.0287
0.0228
0.0179
0.0139
0.0107
0.0082
0.0062
0.0047
0.0035
0.0026
0.0019
0.0013
0.0010
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.01
0.4960
0.4562
0.4168
0.3783
0.3409
0.3050
0.2709
0.2389
0.2090
0.1814
0.1562
0.1335
0.1131
0.0951
0.0793
0.0655
0.0537
0.0436
0.0351
0.0281
0.0222
0.0174
0.0136
0.0104
0.0080
0.0060
0.0045
0.0034
0.0025
0.0018
0.0013
0.0009
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.02
0.4920
0.4522
0.4129
0.3745
0.3372
0.3015
0.2676
0.2358
0.2061
0.1788
0.1539
0.1314
0.1112
0.0934
0.0778
0.0643
0.0526
0.0427
0.0344
0.0274
0.0217
0.0170
0.0132
0.0102
0.0078
0.0059
0.0044
0.0033
0.0024
0.0018
0.0013
0.0009
0.0006
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.03
0.4880
0.4483
0.4090
0.3707
0.3336
0.2981
0.2643
0.2327
0.2033
0.1762
0.1515
0.1292
0.1093
0.0918
0.0764
0.0630
0.0516
0.0418
0.0336
0.0268
0.0212
0.0166
0.0129
0.0099
0.0075
0.0057
0.0043
0.0032
0.0023
0.0017
0.0012
0.0009
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.04
0.4840
0.4443
0.4052
0.3669
0.3300
0.2946
0.2611
0.2296
0.2005
0.1736
0.1492
0.1271
0.1075
0.0901
0.0749
0.0618
0.0505
0.0409
0.0329
0.0262
0.0207
0.0162
0.0125
0.0096
0.0073
0.0055
0.0041
0.0031
0.0023
0.0016
0.0012
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.05
0.4801
0.4404
0.4013
0.3632
0.3264
0.2912
0.2578
0.2266
0.1977
0.1711
0.1469
0.1251
0.1056
0.0885
0.0735
0.0606
0.0495
0.0401
0.0322
0.0256
0.0202
0.0158
0.0122
0.0094
0.0071
0.0054
0.0040
0.0030
0.0022
0.0016
0.0011
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.06
0.4761
0.4364
0.3974
0.3594
0.3228
0.2877
0.2546
0.2236
0.1949
0.1685
0.1446
0.1230
0.1038
0.0869
0.0721
0.0594
0.0485
0.0392
0.0314
0.0250
0.0197
0.0154
0.0119
0.0091
0.0069
0.0052
0.0039
0.0029
0.0021
0.0015
0.0011
0.0008
0.0006
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.07
0.4721
0.4325
0.3936
0.3557
0.3192
0.2843
0.2514
0.2206
0.1922
0.1660
0.1423
0.1210
0.1020
0.0853
0.0708
0.0582
0.0475
0.0384
0.0307
0.0244
0.0192
0.0150
0.0116
0.0089
0.0068
0.0051
0.0038
0.0028
0.0021
0.0015
0.0011
0.0008
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.08
0.4681
0.4286
0.3897
0.3520
0.3156
0.2810
0.2483
0.2177
0.1894
0.1635
0.1401
0.1190
0.1003
0.0838
0.0694
0.0571
0.0465
0.0375
0.0301
0.0239
0.0188
0.0146
0.0113
0.0087
0.0066
0.0049
0.0037
0.0027
0.0020
0.0014
0.0010
0.0007
0.0005
0.0004
0.0003
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
0.09
0.4641
0.4247
0.3859
0.3483
0.3121
0.2776
0.2451
0.2148
0.1867
0.1611
0.1379
0.1170
0.0985
0.0823
0.0681
0.0559
0.0455
0.0367
0.0294
0.0233
0.0183
0.0143
0.0110
0.0084
0.0064
0.0048
0.0036
0.0026
0.0019
0.0014
0.0010
0.0007
0.0005
0.0003
0.0002
0.0002
0.0001
0.0001
0.0001
0.0000
39
ANSWERS
EXERCISE 1
1. p = 0.05, q = 1 0.05 = 0.95, n = 6
a)
P(X=3) = 6C3(0.05)3(0.95)6-3
= 0.0021
b)
c)
P(X=0) = 6C0(0.05)0(0.95)6-0
= 0.7351
C4 (0.30)4(0.70)1 +
C5 (0.30)5(0.70)0
p = 0.35, q = 0.65, n = 10
b) P(X 6) = 1 P(X 5)
= 1 0.9051
= 0.0949
6. p = 0.4, q = 0.6, n = 15
a) P(X 5) = 0.4032
b) P(X < 4) = P(X 3)
= 0.0905
c) P(X 9) = 1 P(X 8)
= 1 0.9050
= 0.095
d) P(6 X 9) = P(X 9) P(X 5)
= 0.9662 0.4032
= 0.5630
EXERCISE 2
1. = np = 200(0.83) = 166
2 = npq = 200(0.83)(0.17) = 28.22
= npq = 28.22 = 5.3122
2. = np = 1000(0.25) = 250
2 = npq = 1000(0.25)(0.75) = 187.5
= npq = 187.5 = 13.6931
40
EXERCISE 3
1. = 2 telemarketing phone calls per week
a) P(X = 6) =
2
6!
= 0.0120
= 8 telemarketing phone calls in one month
b) P(X < 3) = P(X 2)
= P(X = 0) + P(X = 1) +
P(X = 2)
e 8 80 e8 81 e 8 82
=
0!
1!
2!
= 0.0003 + 0.0027 + 0.0107
= 0.0137
e 3 32
2!
= 0.2240
b) P(X 1) =
e 3 30
e 3 31
0!
1!
= 0.0498 + 0.1494
= 0.1992
= 6 times breakdown in 2 months
c) P(X = 0) =
interval.
b) P(X > 3) = 1- P (X 3)
= 1 ((P(X=0) + P(X=1) + P(X=2) +
P(X=3)
= 1 ((e-2.7 (2.7)0)/0! +
(e-2.7 (2.7)1)/1!)/1! +
(e-2.7 (2.7)2)/2!) + (e-2.7 (2.7)3)/3!)
= 1 (0.0672 + 0.1815 + 0.245 +
0.2205)
= 1 0.7142
= 0.286
4. = 4.8 customer every half hour
a) P(X = 2) = P(X 2) P(X 1)
= 0.1425 0.0477
= 0.0948
b) P(X 2) = 0.1425
e 6 6 0
0!
= 0.0025
3. = 0.9 plain lands at the airport per 5 min interval.
a) P(X 1) = P(X=0) + P(X=1)
= (e-0.9 (0.9)0)/0! + (e-0.9 (0.9)1)/1!
= 0.4066 + 0.3659
= 0.772
41
42
EXERCISE 4
a) To the left of z = -2.87
P(z < -2.87) = 0.0021
-2.87
-2.15
2.45
1.67
3. n = 6000, = 55, = 10
a) P(X > 75) = P(z < 75 55)
10
EXERCISE 5
1. a) P(X < 150) = P(z < 150 - 190)
21
= P(z < 2)
= 1 - P(z < 2)
= 1 - 0.9772
= 0.0281
b) P(205 < X < 245)
= P(z < 2.62) - P(z < 0.71)
= 0.9956 0.7611
= 0.2345
2. P(X < 3.5) = P(z < 3.5 3.1)
0.5
= P(z < 0.8)
= 0.0228
Thus, the number of graduates with distinction
is
0.0228( 6000) = 136.8
137 graduates
b) P(65 < X < 45) = P[(65 55) <z < 45 55)]
10
10
= P( 1 < z < -1)
= 1 - 0.7881
= 0.8413 0.1587
= 0.2119
= 0.6826
= 21.19%
EXERCISE 6
5. p = 0.88, q = 0.12, n = 16
1. p = 0.1, q = 0.9, n = 5
a) P(X=2) = 5C2(0.1)2(0.9)3
= 0.0729
or
P(X=2) = P(X2) P(X1)
= 0.9914 0.9188
= 0.0729
a) P(X=9) = 16C9(0.88)9(0.12)7
= 0.0013
p = 0.08, q = 0.92, n = 16
b) P(X=4) = 16C4(0.08)4(0.92)12
= 0.0274
p = 0.04, q = 0.96, n = 16
b) P (X 1) = 1 P(X=0)
= 1 [5C0(0.1)0(0.9)5 ]
= 1 0.5905
= 0.4095
or
P(X 1) = 1 P(X0)
= 1 0.5905
= 0.4095
2. p = 0.2, q = 0.8, n = 20
c) P(X=3) = 16C3(0.04)3(0.96)13
= 0.0211
6. = 3 loan applications per week
a) P(X = 0) = (e-3 (3)0)/0!
= 0.0498
b) P(2 z 5) = P(X5) - P(X2)
= 0.9161 0.4232
= 0.4929
= 0.3707
b) P(X<2) = P[z < (2 - 2.8)/4]
= P (z < -2)
= 0.0228
c) P(X >3) = 1 - P(X<3)
= 1 P [z < (3 - 2.8)/4]
= 1 P (z < 0.05)
= 1 0.5199
= 0.4801
d) P(X >3.7) = 1 - P(X<3.7)
= 1 P [z < (3.7 2.8)/4]
= 1 P (z < 0.23)
= 1 0.5910
= 0.4090
Thus, the no. of 1st class honors student is:
0.4090(1000) = 409 1st class honors students
10. = 24, = 3.8
a) P(X >30) = 1 - P(X<30)
= 1 P [z < (30 24)/3.8]
= 1 P (z < 1.58)
= 1 0.9394
= 0.0606
b) P(20 < X < 25) =P(X25) - P(X20)
=P[((25 24)/3.8) <z < ((20 24)/3.8]
= P( 0.26 < z < -1.05)
= 0.6026 0.1469
= 0.4557
c) P(X >25) = 1 - P(X<25)
= 1 P [z < (25 24)/3.8]
= 1 P (z < 0.26)
= 1 0.6026
= 0.3974
d) P(X<10) = P[z < (2 - 2.8)/04]
= P (z < -2)
= 0.0228
11. = 15, = 3
a) P(X<13) = P[z < (13 - 15)/3]
= P (z < -0.67)
= 0.2514
b) P(X >16) = 1 - P(X<16)
= 1 P [z < (16 15)/3]
= 1 P (z < 0.33)
= 1 0.6293
14
Matrix No: ____________________
Group: __________
TUTORIAL CHAPTER 5
QUESTION 1
A past history shows that 60% of college students are smokers. A sample of 5 students is randomly selected.
What is the probability that exactly one student is a smoker?
(2 marks)
QUESTION 2
Hope.fm Radio Company receives, on the average, two short messaging services (sms) within five minutes
from listener. Find the probability that it will receive the following
i.
47
QUESTION 3
EJ Utara Transport determined that on an annual basis, the distance travel per lorry is normally distributed,
with a mean of 50 thousand kilometers and a standard deviation of 10 thousand kilometers. Find the
i.
probability that a randomly selected lorry travels from 36 to 50 thousand kilometers in the year
(3 marks)
ii.
48