LOGARITHMS AND THEIR PROPERTIES

Definition of a logarithm: If
 0 and  is a constant   1, then

log 
if and only if  

.
In the equation
log 
, is referred to as the logarithm,  is the base, and
is the argument.
The notation log 
is read the logarithm (or log) base  of
. The definition of a logarithm indicates that a logarithm
is an exponent.

log 
is the logarithmic form of  


 

is the exponential form of
log 

Examples of changes between logarithmic and exponential forms:

Write each equation in its exponential form.
a.

b. 3
log 
 8

2
log 

c.

log  125

Solution:
Use the definition
log 
if and only if  

.
a.

b. 3
log 
 8 if and only if 10#

 8.

Logarithms are exponents

2
log 
if and only if 7&

c. log  125

if and only if 5%
125.

Base

Write the following in its logarithmic form:

25&
Solution:
Use

  if and only if
log 
.
Exponent


25& ./ 012 314 ./
Base

log &

2

Equality of Exponents Theorem: If  is positive real number   1 such that  %

  , then

.
Example of Evaluating a Logarithmic Equation:
Evaluate: log & 32


Solution:
log & 32

if and only if

Since 32
2 , we have

2%
32
2 %
2

Thus, by Equality of Exponents,

5

PROPERTIES OF LOGARITHMS:
If b, a, and c are positive real numbers, 5  6, and n is a real number, then:
1.
2.
3.
4.
9.

Product: log  0 8
log  0  log  8

Quotient: log 
log  0 ; log  8

Power: log  0<

1 log  0
Change of Base: log  0

=>?A 9
=>?A 

Inverse 1: log   <

1

6.

log  1
0

log  
1

5.

Inverse 2:  =>?@ <

1, 1  0

7.

One-to-One: log  0
log  8 if and only if 0
8

8.

=>? 9
=>? 

=B 9
=B 

Examples Rewriting Logarithmic Expressions Using Logarithmic Properties:

Use the properties of logarithms to rewrite each expression as a single logarithm:
a.

b.

4 log  
 2 ; 3 log  
; 5

b.

4 log  
 2 ; 3 log  
; 5

2 log 
 log  
 4
&

Solution:
a.

2 log 
 log  
 4
&

log 
&  log  
 4&

log  D
& 
 4& E

log  
 2F ; log  
; 5# Power Property

Power Property

%G&H

log  %IJ

Product Property

Quotient Property

Use the properties of logarithms to express the following logarithms in terms of logarithms of
, , and K.
a.

log  
& 

b.

log 

% L 
NO

Solution:
a.

log  
& 
log 
 log  & Product Property

log 
 2 log 

Power Property

b.

log 

& P
K

log  Q
& P R ; log  K 

log  Q
& P R ; log  K 

log 
2  log  P ; log  K5

2 log 
 SL log  ; 5 log  K

Quotient Property
Quotient Property
Product Property
Power Property

Other Logarithmic Definitions:

Definition of Common Logarithm:

Logarithms with a base of 10 are called common logarithms. It is customary to write log
as log
.

Definition of Natural Logarithm:

Logarithms with the base of U are called natural logarithms. It is customary to write log V
as ln
.

PRACTICE PROBLEMS
Evaluate:
2. U #.&

1. 0.6#

3. 1.005F

4. log F 64

5. ln 1

6. ln 7

Rewrite into logarithms:

7. 2F
16

9. U F
54.60

8. 64
8

Evaluate without a calculator:

10. log  25

11. log #

12. ln U I&


X

Use the change of base formula to evaluate the logarithms: (Round to 3 decimal places.)
13. log  3

14. log &

15. log 42


&

Use the properties of logarithms to rewrite each expression into lowest terms (i.e. expand the logarithms to a sum
or a difference):
16. log 10

17. ln

%
N

19. log F 4
&

22. ln

20. log #
; 2

%H

21. ln

18. log  NL

#%


% ONL
J

Write each expression as a single logarithmic quantity:

23. log 7 ; log

24. 3 ln
 2 ln ; 4 ln K
#

25. & ln
Y ; F ln
X

26. log & 5  log &
; log & 3

29. & log  7 ; 2 log 

27. 1  3 log F

28. 2 ln 8  5 ln

Using properties of logarithms find the following values if:

log  3
0.562
30. log  18

log  2
0.356

31. log  28

log  7
0.872

33. log  3 &

32. log  &

Write the exponential equation in logarithmic form:

35. 4#
64

36. 25#&
125

Write the logarithmic equation in exponential form:

37. ln U
1

38. log # Z
;2

Evaluate the following logarithms without a calculator:

39. log 1000

40. log Z 3


41. log # Z

42. log F Y
43. ln U 

44. log 9 9

45. ln 1

46. ln U I#

34. log  1

Evaluate the following logarithms for the given values of
:

47. /

log #

a.

1

b.

27

c.

0.5

a.

0.01

b.

0.1

c.

30

a.

U

b.

#

48. [

log

49. /

ln

50. \

ln

a.

U &

b.

51. [

ln U #%

c.

10


F

c.

1200

a.

;2

b.

0

c.

7.5

a.

4

b.

64

c.

5.2

52. /

log &

Use the change of base formula to evaluate the following logarithms: (Round to 3 decimal places.)
53. log F 9

54. log & 5

55. log& 200

Approximate the following logarithms given that log  2 ^ 0.43068 and log  3 ^ 0.68261:
57. log  18

56. log # 0.28

&

60. log  #

58. log  6

61. log  12&#

59. log  &

62. log  5& 6

Use the properties of logarithms to expand the expression:

63. log F 6
F

64. log 2
I#

65. log 
 2

66. ln _
67.

%


%G&
ln %I&

69. lnD2

 3 E

70. log #

9 L 
:` O

68. ln

; 3&

Use the properties of logarithms to condense the expression:

&

71. ; # ln 3

72. 5 log &

73. log X 16
 log X 2
&

74. log F 6
; log F 10

75. ;2ln 2
; ln 3

76. 41  ln
 ln


77. 4alog & b ; log & b ; cd

79. 3 ln
 4 ln  ln K

80. ln
 4 ; 3 ln
; ln

78. # log X 0  2 log X 

True or False? Use the properties of logarithms to determine whether the equation is true or false. If false, state
why or give an example to show that it is false.
81. log & 4

2 log &

82.

=B %
=B %


ln &

83. log 10&%

2

84. U

=B e

85. log F

Y
%

2 ; log F

86. 6 ln
 6 ln
ln
Y

Maths Learning Service: Revision

Logarithms

Mathematics IMA

You are already familiar with some uses of powers or indices. For example:
104
23

= 10 10 10 10 = 10, 000
= 222=8
1
1
=
=
2
3
9

32

Logarithms pose a related question. The statement

log10 100
asks what power of 10 gives us 100? The answer is clearly 2, so we would write
log10 100 = 2.
Similarly
log10 10, 000 = 4 and

log2 8 = 3

In general:
ax = b

loga b = x

The number appearing as the subscript of the log is called the base so log10 is read as
logarithm to base 10. The two most common bases you will encounter are 10 and the
exponential base e = 2.71828 . . .. (The letter e is used in place of this inconvenient infinite
decimal value.) Your calculator will work out both of these types of logs for you. On most
calculators log10 appears as log and loge appears as ln . (The related operations of 10x and
ex are usually second functions on the same key).
Exercises
(1) Find without using a calculator:
(a) log10 1000
(b) log4 16
(d) log3 27
(e) log9 81
(g) Check (a) and (f) on the calculator.

(c)
(f)

log2 64
loge e2

(2) Solve the following equations:

(a)

log10 x = 5

(b) log2 y = 5

(c) log3 z = 4

(3) Find without using a calculator:

(a)

log10 10

(b) log4 1

(c)

log10 0.1

(d)

log2 0.25

(e)

(f)

loge

(g)

Check (a), (c), (e) and (f) on the calculator.

log10 1

1
e2

Logarithms

2008 Mathematics IMA Revision/2

Laws of Logarithms
Given the link between indices and logarithms, we should be able to derive laws for logarithms
based on the index laws.
Consider the following argument:
The definition of a logarithm allows us to write the number A as blogb A for some base b.
Similarly, we could write
B
and A B

= blogb B
= blogb (AB)

(1)

On the other hand, using the index laws, we get

A B = blogb A blogb B = b(logb A+logb B) .
Comparing this expression for A B with (1) we have
A B = blogb A+logb B = blogb (AB) .
Since the bases are the same,
logb A + logb B = logb (A B)
By similar arguments the Laws of Logarithms are as follows:

logb A + logb B = logb (A B)

logb A logb B = logb

A
B

logb (An ) = n logb A

Here are a few examples where these laws can be used to solve equations.
(a) Find x such that 2 logb 4 3 logb 2 + logb 2 = logb x.
logb (42 ) logb (23 ) + logb 2 = logb x
logb 16 log
8 + logb 2 = logb x
 b
16
logb 8 + logb 2 = logb x
logb

(b) Find t such that 1000 = 100 2 5 .

162
8

= logb x
logb 4 = logb x
so x = 4.

Logarithms

2008 Mathematics IMA Revision/3

t

10 = 2 5  
t
log10 10 = log10 2 5

(or any other base, such as e)

t
log10 2
5
5
t =
log10 2
5
=
0.30103
= 16.609 . . .

(c) In the previous example we chose log10 since this made log10 10 very easy and log10 2 could
be found on a calculator. If we had used log2 we would have had to find log2 10, for which
there is no calculator button.
It is possible to find logs to any base by noting the following argument:
Let y = loga b

ay = b
ln (ay ) = ln b
y ln a = ln b
ln b
.
y =
ln a

(Using log10 works just as well of course.) For example

log2 8

ln 8
ln 2
2.07944 . . .
0.69314 . . .
3

=
=
=

log10 8
log10 2
0.9031 . . .
=
0.3010 . . .
= 3.
=

Exercises
(4) Express as a single logarithm:
(a) logb 8 logb 2 
(d) logb a + logb a1
(5)

(c)

1 log10 4

logb 6

(b) logb 8

(c)

logb 24

Find, using a calculator (to 4 decimal places):

(a)
(e)

(7)

2 logb 3 + logb 2

Write in terms of logb 2 and logb 3:

(a)

(6)

(b)

log2 6
log3 0.001

(b) log3 8
(f) log3 0.00001

Solve for x:
(a)

9 = 10 2 1620

(b)

35x+2 = 10

(c) log3 1000

(g) log3 1

(d) log3 100, 000

Translate each verbal phrase into an algebraic expression.

Q01) Two-ninths of h
Q02) g reduced by 1
Q03) The quotient of the square of r and 6
Q04) Combine the cube of k and 27
Q05) y raised to the fourth power
Q06) 10 multiplied by m
Q07) One-half of the cube of k
Q08) Thesquareofd
Q09) Add x to 4
Q10) j diminished by two-thirds
Q11) Thrice g
Q12) Take away 1 from the cube of e
Q13) The quotient of t and 5
Q14) 9 more than j
Q15) Five-ninths added to r
Q16) The square of d is doubled
Q17) Half of the cube of n
Q18) h raised to the sixth power
Q19) Theproduct of three-eighths and z
Q20) k diminished by 12
Q21) z raised to the fourth power
Q22) One quarter of the square of g
Q23) Add m to 9
Q24) s reduced by two-fifths
Q25) 3 multiplied by k
Q26) The ratio of n to 8
Q27) b decreased by 1
Q28) 25 less than the squareof c
Q29) 6 times r
Q30) The sum of q and 7
Q31) The total of b and 5 is raised to the sixth power
Q32) 1 added to the quotient of the cube of r and 7
Q33) The cube of difference between y and 4
Q34) The sum of 5 and the square of p is divided by 2
Q35) Takeaway 9 from 3 times the square of k
Q36) 4 divides the difference between 7 times t and 3
Q37) Subtract the square of v from the cube of 2
Q38) Add three-fifths to twice the square of h
Q39) The sum of g and 1 raised to the fifth power is added to 6
Q40) Add 16 to twice the cube of d
Q41) 5 divides the total of 6 times w and 1
Q42) z raised to the seventh power less than 9
Q43) Thricethecubeofqdecreasedbytwo-sevenths
Q44) The total of c and 3 raised to the fifth power
Q45) The quotient of v raised to the fourth power and 8 is added to 4
Q46) 16 plus twice the cube of d
Q47) 7 less than 10 multiplied by b raised to the sixth power
Q48) Subtract the cube of e from four-ninths
Q49) The difference between u and 9 is raised to the fifth power
Q50) Add the square of 3 to the cube of t
Q51) 4 multiplied by the cube of t is reduced by 5
Q52) The sum of 10 and twice the square of j
Q53) 2 divides the difference between 8 and r raised to the fourth power
Q54) The square of b added to 6


Q55) The cube of f is subtracted from the two-ninths
Q56) The cube of the total of x and 2
Q57) n raised to the seventh power plus one-half
Q58) The square of differencebetweenp and 5
Q59) 2 diminished by c raised to the power of six
Q60) 3 multiplied by the cube of m less than 14
Q61) Subtract 16 from the square of v
Q62) Four-ninthsof g increased by 1
Q63) The cube of h
Q64) Three-quarter less than 10 times x
Q65) f raised to the fourth power divided by 13
Q66) 6 multiplied by the square of n
Q67) The cube of d increased by 8
Q68) Two-thirds of k reduced by 5
Q69) traisedtothefifthpowerdiminishedby1
Q70) 2 divides the sum of j and 9
Q71) Three-sevenths take from one-half of r
Q72) Add 1 to the square of j
Q73) One-third more than the product of 8 and u
Q74) Difference between the cube of e and 14
Q75) The quotient of c and 6 added to two-fifths p raised to the sixth power
Q76) 17 divides the difference between b and 4
Q77) d raised to the fifth power less than 10
Q78) Four-fifthsof x increasedby9
Q79) 15 multiplied by the cube of h
Q80) Half of d minus four-ninths
Q81) 3 added to v raised to the fourth power
Q82) The total of five-eighths of s and 1
Q83) g raised to the tenth power
Q84) Half of n lowered by 2
Q85) Add 10 to f raised to the sixth power
Q86) Subtract three-sevenths from 9 times y
Q87) 20 divides c raised to the seventh power
Q88) The product of 2 and the square of w
Q89) Twofifths less than quarter of z
Q90) The quotient of x and 3 is less than or equal to 5
Q91) The difference between x and 4 is greater than 10
Q92) The product of x and 7 is not greater than 21
Q93) x reduced by 13 is atleast 15
Q94) x take away 5 is less than 8
Q95) x multiplied by 11 is less than or equal to 22
Q96) The ratio of x and 4 is not less than 9
Q97) 13 more than x is greater than 14
Q98) 2 subtracted from x is atmost 3
Q99) A total of six and x is less than 20
Q100) Two-ninths of h
Q101) g reduced by 1
Q102) The quotient of the square of r and 6
Q103) Combine the cube of k and 27
Q104) y raised to the fourth power
Q105) 10 multiplied by m
Q106) One-half of the cube of k
Q107) The square of d
Q108) Add x to 4
Q109) j diminished by two-thirds
Q110) The quotient of x and 3 is less than or equal to 5


Q111) The difference between x and 4 is greater than 10
Q112) The product of x and 7 is not greater than 21
Q113) x reduced by 13 is atleast 15
Q114) x take away 5 is less than 8
Q115) x multiplied by 11 is less than or equal to 22
Q116) The ratio of x and 4 is not less than 9
Q117) 13 more than x is greater than 14
Q118) 2 subtracted from x is atmost 3
Q119) A total of six and x is less than 20
Q120) Two-thirds of x plus 6 is greater than 5
Q121) Half of seven added to product of x and 4 is less than 1
Q122) Five less than seven-fourths of x is added to 10
Q123) Half of nine subtracted from product of x and 12 is atleast 2
Q124) Six more than the difference of x and 7 is less than 5
Q125) Two added to five-sixths of x is atmost 19
Q126) Product of x and 8 subtracted from one-sixth is less than 15
Q127) The quotient of 2 and 9 is greater than three times of x plus 1
Q128) Three-eighths of x subtracted from 6 is less than or equal to 4
Q129) Nine is greater than 2 subtracted from three-fifths of x
Q130) Two-third of the sum of x and 4 is greater than 9
Q131) Three added to two-nineth of x is atleast 1
Q132) Product of x and 7 subtracted from one-fifth is less than 2
Q133) Three-fourth of x plus 12 is less than or equal to eight
Q134) Five-seventh of x subtracted from 2 is greater than 10
Q135) Six is not greater than 11 subtracted from one-third of x
Q136) One-seventh of x plus 9 is greater than 3
Q137) Two-nineth added to product of x and 4 is atmost 5
Q138) Sixteen greater than half of 5 of x is added to 3
Q139) Half of eleven subtracted from product of x and 8 is at least 7
Q140) One-fifth of x plus 10 is atmost two
Q141) Three-fifth added to product of x and 12 is greater than 1
Q142) Half of seven of x plus 3 is less than five
Q143) Eight greater than or equal to six-seventh of x plus 14
Q144) Half of thirteen subtracted from product of x and 9 is atmost 17
Q145) Three-fourth of x subtracted from 4 is not less than 6
Q146) Fifteen is not greater than 8 subtracted from two-third of x
Q147) Five-sixth of the sum x and 7 is atleast 1
Q148) Two added to one-eighth of x is less than or equal to 4
Q149) Thesquareof x is 4
Q150) h reduced by one-third gives 2
Q151) The quotient of b and 3 is equal to 5
Q152) Power4 of c is the same as 16
Q153) z lowered by 2 is 7
Q154) 8 times x is 32
Q155) One-half plus g is equal to 1
Q156) The cube of t is 8
Q157) Sum of y and one-fifth gives 3
Q158) Differencebetween1 and dis one-quarter
Q159) Total of d and one-half is the same as 1
Q160) h smaller than 3 is one-fifth
Q161) b is raised to the fourth power gives 81
Q162) x increasedby 6 is 15
Q163) ubtract one-half from y is equal to 1
Q164) The cube of p is 27
Q165) One-sixthplusqgives2
Q166) b reduced by 2 is 14


Q167) Power 2 of r is equal to 49
Q168) Differencebetweenz andone-third gives3
Q169) Total of 1 and y is one-quarter
Q170) The cube of h gives 8
Q171) x reduced by one-fifth is equal to 6
Q172) Product of 5 and c is 55
Q173) Thesquareof visthesameas36
Q174) One-halfplusk is4
Q175) 5decreasedbyzisone-third
Q176) Power 3 of y gives 64
Q177) Sum of q and 10 is 20
Q178) 5 divides t gives 7
Q179) Subtract 5 from one-half of y
Q180) The product of 4 and t is added to 1
Q181) 3 times c minus 6
Q182) Two-fifths of x is reduced by 7
Q183) Subtract a half from the product of 2 and b
Q184) Productof x and4 isdecreasedbyone-quarter
Q185) Total of 8 and 4 times y
Q186) Sum of one-sixth and thrice of n
Q187) Ratio of m and 7 added to 2
Q188) One-fifth of x is subtracted from 18
Q189) 7 times sum of c and 2
Q190) The ratio of y and five plus 4
Q191) Six reduced by 5 multiplied by h
Q192) The total of z and 3 divided by 7
Q193) 9 more than one-half of y
Q194) Difference between 5 times g and 4
Q195) 2 subtracted from one-fifth of c
Q196) 8 times the difference between x and 3
Q197) The sum of 8 times b and 4
Q198) One-third of sum of z and 4
Q199) One-eighth of q added to 4
Q200) The sum of 5 and p is divided by 2
Q201) one-fourth of the difference between y and 3
Q202) Twelve more than the product of 6 and x
Q203) Twice of b is decreased by one-quarter
Q204) Quotient of z and 5 plus one-half
Q205) Differencebetweenfourteen and 9 times c
Q206) Multiply one-third and x minus 6
Q207) Sum of twenty-seven and 5 times g
Q208) Total of one-fifth and 4 times as much as q
Q209) 3 added to the square of z gives 7
Q210) A quarter less than 6 times r is 1
Q211) Twicethe cube of h is same as 16
Q212) Combine 4 and half of m equals 15
Q213) The square of e diminished by 1 is 8
Q214) Adding thrice of b to two-sevenths gives 5
Q215) The square root of add c to 1 equals 9
Q216) Subtracting three-fourths of y from 7 results in 19
Q217) The ratio of cube of x to 2 is same as 4
Q218) 6 times the square of j equals 24
Q219) Twice y increased by one-third coincides with 4 times y
Q220) Thrice the square of m diminished by 5 gives 22
Q221) Sum of three-quarters and doubled the cube of k is equal to 1
Q222) Difference between 4 times x and one-fifth multiplied by 3 yields 6


Q223)
Q224)
Q225)
Q226)
Q227)
Q228)
Q229)
Q230)
Q231)
Q232)
Q233)
Q234)
Q235)
Q236)
Q237)
Q238)
Q239)
Q240)
Q241)
Q242)
Q243)
Q244)
Q245)
Q246)
Q247)
Q248)
Q249)
Q250)
Q251)
Q252)
Q253)
Q254)
Q255)
Q256)
Q257)
Q258)
Q259)
Q260)
Q261)
Q262)
Q263)
Q264)
Q265)
Q266)
Q267)
Q268)
Q269)
Q270)
Q271)
Q272)
Q273)
Q274)
Q275)
Q276)
Q277)
Q278)

The ratio of the power two of n to 5 minus 4 is same as 1

6 times z gives total of thrice z and 5
Product of 3 and the cube of h increased by one-ninth is 1
4 divides the difference between 28 and the square of k equals 6
5 is added to one-seventh of the square of d corresponds to 54
Sum of 14 and 8 times t divided by 6 gives five
One-half of the cube of k plus 6 is equivalent to 10
Four times the square of y minus three-fourths is 2
Difference between 40 and thrice the square of t divided by 7 is 4
28 diminished by 5 times x gives 3
1 minus power 2 of b is equal to three-quarters
Sum of 5 times c and half multiplied by 4 is same as 12
12 divides total of the cube of z and 4 gives five
7 reduced by five-eighths of x is equal to 12
Five-ninths plus 4 times the square of h is equivalent to 1
The quotient of difference between 33 and the cube of g and 3 is 2
The square of t decreasedby 9 is divided by 6 is same as 12
Differencebetween2andthecubeofygivesseven-eighths
Total of thrice b and one-quarter is equivalent to 6 times b
Ratio of the square of h to 6 increased by 8 corresponds to 14
Two-thirdsof q less than 23 gives17
One-half plus twice the cube of m is 1
6 divides sum of 53 and 5 times the square of t is equal to 12
Doubled the square of n minus 4 gives one-half
One-sixth of the cube of k more than 8 is equal to 28
Subtracting two-thirds from thrice the square of t represents 2
The sum of x and 2
t divided by 8
The product of 9 and m
Subtract 5 from c
Combiney and7
Three-sevenths of h
3 multiplied by d
One-quarter added to n
b decreased by 10
One-halfofk
8 divides the difference between thrice of b and 15
The Product of one-quarter and total of two-fifths of k andone-third
24 plus 6 times x is multiplied by 9
Multiply half of seven and factor of 8 and z minus 13
5 times one-sixth less than the thrice of t
3 divides sum of product of seven and y and 8
Multiply 10 and 4 times v reduced by 20
One-half of total of one-third and nine times t
Four-fifths multiplies product of 11 and x plus 25
Product of 8 and 32 decreased by the factor of 5 and w
Multiply one-third and total of one-half of 3x and one-seventh
The product of 4 and 9 times c increased by one-fifth
6 times y reduced by 14 is multiplied by 13
One-half of sum of 3 times v and twenty-eight
9 divides sixteen plus product of 5 and w
Difference between twice of z and one-third multiplied by one-quarter
Doubled 3 times h minus eighteen
Multiply one-fifth and total of one-quarter of t and 7
Quotient of 9 times x minus 24 and 6
Sum of one-quarter of 5c and one-half multiplied by 3


Q279) Thedifferencebetweenzand20
Q280) Twice q
Q281) Add j to 1
Q282) 5dividese
Q283) b diminished by 14
Q284) The Product of 4 and g
Q285) 10 times t divided by 3
Q286) f increasedby2
Q287) rlessthanone-eighth
Q288) 7 times p
Q289) 6 multiplied by m
Q290) 13 plus f
Q291) Takeaway4 fromy
Q292) 10 times w
Q293) 7 more than g
Q294) k minus 16
Q295) One-fifth of s
Q296) The total of r and 10
Q297) q reduced by the quotient of 2 and 3
Q298) b separated into 9 equal parts
Q299) Twotimes the difference between seven times x and four
Q300) Sum of eight and product of 6 and y is multiplied by three-fifths
Q301) Three divides twice of g minus nine
Q302) Thrice of product of five and b is reduced by 2
Q303) One-quarter of sum of half of x and six
Q304) One-half times fourteen lowered by the factor of four and z
Q305) Total of seven-quarters of c and one-sixth
Q306) The ratio of thrice of x minus six to five
Q307) Multiply 5 and sum of twice of d and ten
Q308) Product of one-seventh and double of y minus one-half
Q309) Combine thrice the square of y and 5 is greater than 11
Q310) m divides twice of n decreased by 4 is not equal to 9
Q311) Product of the square of p and q plus the cube of r gives 29
Q312) Ratio of difference between 8 and 5 times h to 3 is lesser than 15
Q313) 9 multiplied by the cube of x reduced by 15 is atleast 20
Q314) Total of t divides s and 5 is lesser than or equal to one-quarter
Q315) Thesquare of y plus half of z is same as 11
Q316) Quotient of 7 and c minus 13 is not equal to 1
Q317) 5 divides thrice the square of w and v is lesser than 2
Q318) The cube of p divided by q is greater than 13
Q319) Multiplying the cube of x, the square of y and z gives 32
Q320) 2 divides sum of the square of t and 16 is lesser than 6
Q321) Subtract one-fifth from 4 times the square of w is not equal to 11
Q322) Six-seventhsof h reducedbyg isatleast3
Q323) Total of 9 times the cube of p and q is greater than 17
Q324) Add 8 times j and one-third is less than 2
Q325) Difference between 13 and 11 times the square of b is not equal to 24
Q326) Product of 7 and the cube of v is equal to 56
Q327) Two-seventhsof m increasedbyn islesserthanequalto29
Q328) 5 divides difference between 6 and doubled d is greater than 2
Q329) Add the square of x and difference between the cube of y and z is greater than 2
Q330) g divides h added to 2 is same as 14
Q331) Total of the cube of c and 1 is lesser than 25
Q332) Product of p,q and the square of r is not equal to three-fifths
Q333) A quarter of the square of k decreased by j is atmost 10
Q334) n divided by thrice m minus 2 is greater than 6


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Ratio of 5 times t minus 9 to 7 is equal to 21

Quotient of s and the square of t is greater than or equal to 26
e divided by 3 increased by 1 gives 5
Sum of twice f and 6 is not equal to 16
p decreased by the total of q and r
Three less than the sum of x and y
c added to the square of b
The sum of m and n
Twice of p minus q
Subtract the product of x and y from 58
The ratio of v to w
5 times g reduced by the square of h
The product of p, q and r
6 is subtracted from the sum of x and 2 times y
Multiply b, c and d
Twice of x minus y plus 1
Differencebetweens and t
Product of p and the square of q
f divides e
Five multiplied by v and w
c times d increased by 4
m reduced by n added to 2
Sum of g and h
Product of z and x decreased by y
One-quarter of c added to the square of b
Subtract 12 from the square of sum of w and v
One-half of total of x and twice of y
5 divides m plus n
Difference between the quotient of p and q and one-quarter
Multiply the square of b, c and the cube of d
Add one-half and 4 times the square of w plus v
The ratio of power 3 of y to 5 increased by z
Twice of p decreased by q reduced by 5 times r
The cube of difference between j and k
Difference between the thrice of x and y times z multiplied by eight
Total of six and p divides q
One-half of n is added to four times the square of m
Sum of c and b and one to the power of 2
Three-fifths of g reduced by one-quarter of h
Product of r and s plus the factor 4 of t minus twelve
Two-fifthsincreasedbyseventimes ofyandz
Ratio of b and c to three is reduced by twenty-five
Doubled s multiplied by the cube of t added to ten
Difference between r divides p and one-half of q
Total of 4 times the thrice of s minus t and 16
Double of d reduced by b increased by ratio of c to 6
5 times the cube of m increased by n and 7
Differencebetweenone-seventhandproductofthree- fifths v and w
y plus z divides x
8 times g added to twice the square of h
Multiply five-ninths of s and t
Add one-half of the cube b and c
Twice of x minus the thrice of y decreased by double of z
9 times d more than one-third of c
How many packs of DVD's can you buy with 240 dollars if one pack costs 16 dollars ?
After paying 8 dollars for the pie, Melanie has 98 dollars left.


Q391) How much money did she have before buying the pie ?
Q392) Jessica has 43 books in her library. She bought several books at a yard sale over the weekend. She now
has 89 books in her library. How many books did she buy at the yard sale ?
Q393) Keith received 50 dollars for his birthday. He went to a sporting goods store and bought a baseball
glove, baseball, and bat. He had 20 dollars left over, how much did he spent on the baseball gear ?
Q394) How many ink cartridges can you buy with 182 dollars if one cartridge costs 14 dollars ?
Q395) There are 14 pine trees currently in the park. Park workers will plant more pine trees today. When the
workers are finished there will be 60
Q396) Pine trees in the park. How many pine trees did the workers plant today ?
Q397) Jessica found 79 seashells on the beach, she gave Joan some of her seashells. She has 38 seashell left.
How many seashells did she give to Joan ?
Q398) Mike's high school played 17 football games this year. The team won most of their games. They were
defeated during 3 games. How many games did they win ?
Q399) There were 30 bales of hay in the barn. Tim stacked more bales in the barn today. There are now 96
bales of hay in the barn. How many bales did he store in the barn ?
Q400) After eating at the restaurant, Melanie, Tom, and Sally decided to divide the bill evenly. If each person
paid 12 dollars, what was the total of the bill ?
Q401) Sara left downtown Houston, and three hours later, Benny left going 53 mph faster to catch up. After
another two hours, Benny caught up. Find Sara's average speed.
Q402) A cargo plane flew from the US across the Atlantic at 300 mph, and flew back to the US at 320 mph.
Given that the first trip took two hours longer, how long was the return trip?
Q403) A train left for Portland, and 3 hours later, a car traveling 88 mph tried catching up to the train. After
7 hours, the car caught up. What was the train's average speed?
Q404) Fred left the city traveling at 55 mph, while, at the same time, Sara left the city going the opposite
direction at a speed of 69 mph. Find the time Fred traveled before the two were 89 miles apart.
Q405) Melanie left the city for vacation. Sandy left 5 hours later going 63 mph faster to catch up. After 4
hours Sandy caught up. What was Melanie's average speed?
Q406) A plane set off to Miami at a speed of 217 mph. On the return flight of 13 hours, the plane cruised at
241 mph. How many hours long was the flight to Miami?
Q407) Mike traveled to Miami by car. Going there took 4 hours, and the return trip lasted 5 hours. Mike
averaged a speed of 41 mph while returning. Find the average speed of the trip there.
Q408) A truck and van left from NYC in opposite directions. The truck traveled for 5 hours at 44 mph. The
vehicles were 457miles apart. Find the van's average speed.
Q409) Jason left Paris traveling 45 mph. Melanie, to catch up, left some time later driving at 54 mph. Melanie
caught up after 3 hours. How long was Jason driving before Melanie caught up?
Q410) Dan left Miami with a speed of 57 mph. Mary also left at the same time in the opposite direction at a
speed of 87 mph. Find how many hours Mary must travel before they are 252 miles apart.
Q411) Sara bought a soft drink for 2 dollars and 5 candy bars. She spent a total of 17 dollars. How much did
each candy bar cost ?
Q412) Jason bought 4 new baseball trading cards to add to his collection. The next day his dog ate half of his
collection. There are now only 35 cards left.How many cards did Jason start with ?
Q413) Jason had 198 dollars to spend on 6 books. After buying them he had 18 dollars. How much did each book
cost ?
Q414) The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 174.What is the smallest of the three numbers ?
Q415) On Monday, 454 students went on a trip to the zoo. All 8 buses were filled and 6 students had to travel
in cars. How many students were in each bus ?
Q416) The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 123.What is the smallest of the three numbers ?
Q417) Oceanside Bike Rental Shop charges 18 dollars plus 8 dollars an hour for renting a bike. Alyssa paid 82
dollars to rent a bike. How many hours did she pay to have the bike checked out ?
Q418) Mary sold half of her comic books and then bought 7 more. She now has 16. How many did she begin with
?
Q419) The sum of three consecutive numbers is 105.What is the smallest of the three numbers ?
Q420) Fred spent half of his allowance going to the movies. He washed the family car and earned 9 dollars.
What is his weekly allowance if he ended with 18 dollars ?


Q421) Convert the following statements into equations.
(a) 5 added to a number is 9.
(b) 3 subtracted from a number is equal to 12.
(c) 5 times a number decreased by 2 is 4.
(d) 2 times the sum of the number x and 7 is 13.
2. A number is 12 more than the other. Find the numbers if their sum is 48.
3. Twice the number decreased by 22 is 48. Find the number.
4. Seven times the number is 36 less than 10 times the number. Find the number.
5. 4/5 of a number is more than 3/4 of the number by 5 . Find the number.
6. The sum of two consecutive even numbers is 38. Find the numbers.
7. The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 51. Find the numbers.
8. Rene is 6 years older than her younger sister. After 1 0 years, the sum of their ages will be 50 years.
Find their present ages.
9. The length of a rectangle is 10 m more than its breadth. If the perimeter of rectangle is 80 m, find the
dimensions of the rectangle.
10. A 300 m long wire is used to fence a rectangular plot whose length is twice its width. Find the length
and breadth of the plot.
11. The denominator of a fraction is greater than the numerator by 8. If the numerator is increased by 17
and denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is 3/2, find the fraction.
12. A sum of $2700 is to be given in the form of 63 prizes. If the prize is of either $100 or $25, find the
number of prizes of each type.
13. In a class of 42 students, the number of boys is 2/5 of the girls. Find the number of boys and girls in
the class.
14. Among the two supplementary angles, the measure of the larger angle is 36 more than the measure of
smaller. Find their measures.
15. My mother is 12 years more than twice my age. After 8 years, my mothers age will be 20 years less
than three times my age. Find my age and my mothers age.
16. In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are equal and the vertex angle is 80. Find the measure of the
base angles.
17. Admans father is 49 years old. He is 5 years older than four times Admans age. What is Admans age?
18. The cost of a pencil is 25 cents more than the cost of a eraser. If the cost of 8 pencils and 10 erasers is
$12.80, find the cost of each.
19. Divide 36 into two parts in such a way that 1/5 of one part is equal to 1/7 of the other.
20. The length of the rectangle exceeds its breadth by 3 cm. If the length and breadth are each increased
by 2 cm, then the area of new rectangle will be 70 sq. cm more than that of the given rectangle. Find the
length and breadth of the given rectangle.
Q422) Solve the following equations:
(a)5x - 11 = 3x + 9
(b) 3y + 4 = 7 - 2y
(c) 9 - 2(x - 5) = x + 10


(d) 5(y - 1) = 3(2y - 5) - (1 - 3y)
(e) 2(x - 1) - 6x = 10 - 2(x - 4)
(f) x/3 - (x - 2)/2 = 7/3
(g) (x - 3)/4 + (x - 1)/5 - (x - 2)/3 = 1
(h) (3y - 2)/3 + (2y + 3)/3 = (y + 7)/6
(i) (8x - 5)/(7x + 1) = -4/5
(j) (5 - 7x)/(2 + 4x) = -8/7
(k) (x - 2)/(x - 3) = (x - 1)/(x + 1)
(l) (2x - 5)/(3x - 1) = (2x - 1)/(3x + 2)
(m) (3 - 7x)/(15 + 2x) = 0
(n) (0.4y - 3)/(1.5y + 9) = -7/5
(o) 2/(3x - 1) + 3/(3x + 1) = 5/3x
(p) 2/(x - 3) + 1/(x - 1) = 5/(x - 1) - 2/(x - 2)
(q) 15(x - y) - 3(x - 9) + 5(x + 6) = 0
(r) y/2 - 1/2 = y/3 + 1/4
(s) (0.5y - 9)/0.25 = 4y - 3
(t) [17(2 - y) - 5(y + 12)]/(1 - 7y) = 8

Q423) Solve the following equations:

1.x/2 - 1/2 = x/3 + 1/4
2. x - (x - 1)/2 = 1 - (x - 2)/3
3. (3x - 2)/3 + (2x + 3)/3 = x + 7/6
4. 2y - 3(y + 1) = 5y - 7
5. 15(y - 4) - 2(y - 9) + 5(y + 6) = 0
6. (4y - 3)/4 - 3 = (5y - 7 )/3 - 4y - 1
7. 4(3y + 2) - 5(6y - 1) = 2(y - 8) - 6(7y - 4) + 4y
8. 0.16(5y - 2) = 0.4y + 7
9. 3x/4 - (x - 1)/4 = (x - 2)/3

Q424) Problems on linear equations:

1.If 3 is subtracted from seven times a number, the result is 53. Find the number.
2. Find two numbers such that one exceeds the other by 11 and their sum is 73.
3. The sum of three consecutive multiples of 5 is 555. Find the multiples.
4. Three-fourth of a number is more than one-fourth of a number by 2. Find the number.


5. Divide 22 into two parts in such a way that 2/3 of one part is equal to 1/4 of the other.
6. Two numbers are such that the ratio between them is 5 : 2. If each is increased by 1 the ratio between
the new numbers so formed is 7 : 3. Find the original number.
7. Three numbers are in the ratio 2 : 3 : 4 and their sum is 54. Find the number.
8. The sum of three consecutive even numbers is 54. Find the numbers.
[Hint: Take the numbers 2x, 2x + 2, 2x + 4]
9. The difference between two positive integers is 32. The ratio of these integers is 1 : 3. Find these
integers.
10. The numerator of a fraction is 5 less than the denominator. If 2 is added to both numerator and
denominator, it becomes 4/5. Find the fraction.
11. The numerator of a fraction is 1 less than the denominator. If numerator is decreased by 2 and
denominator is increased by 3, the fraction becomes 1/4. Find the fraction.
12. The sum of the digits of a 2 digit number is 8. The number obtained by interchanging the digits exceeds
the original number by 18.
13. A number consists of two digits whose sum is 5. If 9 is subtracted from the number the digits are
reversed. Find the number.
14. A number consists of two-digits. The digit at the units place is 3 times the digit at the tens place. If 36
is added to the number, the digits are reversed. Find the number.
15. The present ages of Andy and Mike are in the ratio 5 : 3. If Andy had been 7 years older and Mike 7
years younger, the age of Andy would have been 3 times the age of Mike. Find their present ages.
16. Fathers age is three times his sons age. Four years ago, he was 4 times his sons age. Find their
present ages.
17. A motorboat goes downstream in the river and covers the distance between two coastal town in 3
hours. It covers this distance upstream in 4 hours. If the speed of the stream is 5 km/hr, find the speed of
the boat in still water and the distance between the two coastal towns.
18. A boat travels 20 km upstream in a river in the same period of time as it takes to travel 30 km
downstream. If the rate of the stream is 4 km/hr, find the speed of boat in still water.
19. The length of the rectangle is 4 times its width. If the perimeter of the rectangle is 80 m, find the
length and breadth of rectangle.
20. Length of rectangle is 4 m less than 3 times its breadth. If the perimeter of rectangle is 32 m. Find its
length and breadth
Q425) Solve each of the following equations and represent the solution graphically.
(a) 7x + 2 = -19
(b) 3x - 1/3 = 5
(c) 5x - 4 = 21
(d) -7x = 21
(e) 18 - 7x = -3
(f) 3(x + 4) = 21
(g) 2x/3 - 3x/5 = 8
(h) 3x - 9 = 5x - 3
(i) 3(x - 3) = 4(2x + 1)


Q426) Solve each of the following equations and check your solution by substituting in the
equation.
(a) 3x/2 - 10 = 1/2
(b) x/2 - x/3 = 8
(c) 6x - 9 - 2(1 - x) = x + 9
(d) 2(x - 2) - 5(x - 5) = 4(x - 8) - 2(x - 2)
(e) (2 - y)/(y + 7) = 3/5
(f) (3x + 2)/(2x - 3) = - 3/2
(g) (x - 8 )/3 = (x - 3)/5
(h) 0.25(4y - 3) = 0.5y - 9
Q427) Convert the following statements into equations.
(a) 5 added to a number is 9.
(b) 3 subtracted from a number is equal to 12.
(c) 5 times a number decreased by 2 is 4.
(d) 2 times the sum of the number x and 7 is 13.
2. A number is 12 more than the other. Find the numbers if their sum is 48.
3. Twice the number decreased by 22 is 48. Find the number.
4. Seven times the number is 36 less than 10 times the number. Find the number.
5. 4/5 of a number is more than 3/4 of the number by 5 . Find the number.
6. The sum of two consecutive even numbers is 38. Find the numbers.
7. The sum of three consecutive odd numbers is 51. Find the numbers.
8. Rene is 6 years older than her younger sister. After 1 0 years, the sum of their ages will be 50 years.
Find their present ages.
9. The length of a rectangle is 10 m more than its breadth. If the perimeter of rectangle is 80 m, find the
dimensions of the rectangle.
10. A 300 m long wire is used to fence a rectangular plot whose length is twice its width. Find the length
and breadth of the plot.
11. The denominator of a fraction is greater than the numerator by 8. If the numerator is increased by 17
and denominator is decreased by 1, the number obtained is 3/2, find the fraction.
12. A sum of $2700 is to be given in the form of 63 prizes. If the prize is of either $100 or $25, find the
number of prizes of each type.
13. In a class of 42 students, the number of boys is 2/5 of the girls. Find the number of boys and girls in
the class.
14. Among the two supplementary angles, the measure of the larger angle is 36 more than the measure of
smaller. Find their measures.
15. My mother is 12 years more than twice my age. After 8 years, my mothers age will be 20 years less
than three times my age. Find my age and my mothers age.
16. In an isosceles triangle, the base angles are equal and the vertex angle is 80. Find the measure of the
base angles.


17. Admans father is 49 years old. He is 5 years older than four times Admans age. What is Admans age?
18. The cost of a pencil is 25 cents more than the cost of a eraser. If the cost of 8 pencils and 10 erasers is
$12.80, find the cost of each.
19. Divide 36 into two parts in such a way that 1/5 of one part is equal to 1/7 of the other.
20. The length of the rectangle exceeds its breadth by 3 cm. If the length and breadth are each increased
by 2 cm, then the area of new rectangle will be 70 sq. cm more than that of the given rectangle. Find the
length and breadth of the given rectangle.