INTRODUCTION

Pelton turbine was invented by Lester Allan Pelton in the 1870s. The
Pelton Turbine extracts energy from the impulse of moving water, as opposed
to waters dead weight like the traditional overshot water wheel. Many
variations of impulse turbines exixted prior to Peltons design, but they were
less efficient than Peltons design.

Water leaving those wheels typically still had high speed, carrying
away much of the dynamic energy brought to the wheels. Peltons paddle
geometry was designed so that when the rim ran at the half the speed of the
water jet, the water left the wheel with very little speed thus his design
extracted almost all of the waters impulse energy which allowed for a very
efficient turbine.

Pelton turbine is the prefered turbine for hydro-power where available

of water with relatively high hydraulic head at low flow rates. Thus, more
power can be extracted from a water source with high presure and low flow
than from a source with low pressure and high flow,even when the two flows
theoretically contain the same power. Also a comparable amount of pipe
material is required for each of the two sources, one requiring a long thin
pipe, and the other a short wide pipe. Pelton wheels are made in all sizes.

OBJECTIVE
To determine the characteristics of Pelton Turbine operation by using several
speed.

THEORY
A Pelton Turbine characteristic operation curve can be derived by using the
same method as a pump. It is because the velocity is usualy assumed as an
independent parameter when the plotting of power, efficiency, torque and
discharge are carried out.
1. Mehcanical Power, Pm (watt) = Rotation (, Nm) x Circular Velocity
(, rad/s)
2. T = Force (N) x Radius (m)(Nm)
2 radius/min
3. =
, where 1 revolution = 2 radius
60 sec /min
4. Pw = gHQ , = 1000kg/m3 ( water density),g =9.81 m/s 2 , H =head
at inlet point (m) and Q = flow rate (m/s3)
Pm
5. Wheel Efficiency , % = P w x 100
*to convert rpm to radian per minute, x rpm = x2 radian/min

EQUIPMENT
1. Pelton Turbine
2. Tachometer
3. Stopwatch

PROCEDURE
1. Put the Pelton Turbine equipment on the hydraulic

RESULT AND CALCULATION

RPM

(rad/s)
W1 (N)
W2 (N)
W1 W2
(N)
Drum
Radius

14035
1469.7

10388
1087.8

0
0

4
1.0
1.2

3
1.5
2.1

0.2

30

30

x10-3
Rotatio

6 x 10-

8532.3

8137.1

7484.5

7028.8

893.50

852.12

783.78

736.05

2.0
3.0

2.5
3.7

3.0
4.4

3.5
5.2

0.6

1.0

1.2

1.4

1.7

30

30

30

30

30

0.018

0.03

0.036

0.042

0.052

(Nm)
Pm (W)
Volume

8.82

19.58

26.81

30.68

32.92

37.54

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.005

0.005

28
1.79 x

22
2.27 x

22
2.27 x

21
2.38 x

18
2.78 x

18
2.78 x

10-4

10-4

10-4

10-4

10-4

10-4

(L)
Volume
(m3)
Time (s)
Flowrat
e (m3/s)
Pressur

24

20

19

19

16

15.5

(mH2O)
Pw (W)
Efficien

42.14

44.54

42.31

44.36

43.63

42.27

20.93

43.96

63.37

69.16

75.45

88.81

cy (%)

QUESTIONS

1. Plot graph of:

a. The rotation power curve
b. Efficiency curve
c. Discharge versus motor speed
2. Give a comment on the graph obtained.
Rotation, torque is inversely proportional to the speed (RPM) of the output.
Motor characteristics are frequently given as two points on this graph:
The stall torque, represents the point on the graph at which the torque is a maximum, but
the shaft is not rotating.
The no load speed,Wn, is the maximum output speed of the motor (when no torque is
applied to the output shaft)
From the graph, efficiency is directly proportional to the load.
3. Calculate the velocity where the maximum power is reached. Give your
comment based on the level of maximum efficiency.
The higher the efficiency, the greater the value of velocity.
4. State five safety factors that have been taken in the experiment?
Make sure eyes was perpendicular to the water level while takes
the reading (water level = 5 Liter)
Frequently using grease or oil at the rotating parts, once in three
months to make sure it rotating run smoothly.
Make sure RPM reading was takes when it produces shrill sound
during the experiment.
Always use clean water.
Make sure Tachometer functioning and working properly.

DISCUSSION

From the results obtained, we can see how Pelton Wheel reacts to
different kind of input. Different flow rates give different value of work input.
The slower the flow rates, the larger the work being put into the wheel. The
efficiency of the slower flow rates is also better than faster one. The speed of
the wheel also dropped when much weight being dropped until it stopped
suddenly when the weight is too much for it to go against it.

CONCLUSION
As a conclusion, from the experiment that had been conducted, we can conclude that
different range of flow rates and rotational speeds influences the performance of Pelton turbine.
The bigger the diameter nozzle the faster the flow rates. In general, impulse turbine is high-head,
low flow rate device. So, we can assume that our experiment is successful due to the result we
obtained