Downloaded from FILIPINO NURSES CENTRAL

{www.filipinonursescentral.wordpress.com}

Endoplasmic Reticulum ( ER)

This cellular organelle was first described using phase microscopy by

Porter, Claude and Fallam in 1945. It is an extensive network of
interconnecting channels. The endoplasmic reticular membranes are
unit membranes (triminar). When ribosomes line the outer surface it is
designated as rough endoplasmic reticulum ( RER). The primary form
of this organelle is the rough variety. The smooth is derived from the
rough due to loss of ribosomes. The amount of each depends on the
cell type and the cellular activity.

The RER is the synthetic machinery of the cell. It is mainly concerned

with protein synthesis.

The Golgi Complex

This structure was discovered by Camillo Golgi in 1898. All eukaryotic

cells, except for the red blood cell, possess a Golgi apparatus.
Generally speaking the Golgi complex is prominent in glandular cells
and is thought to function in the production, concentration packaging,
and transportation of secretory material. IN summary one can link the
Golgi complex to: secretion, membrane biogenesis, lysosome
formation, membrane recycling, hormone modulation.

Lysosome

Lysosomes are described as containing proteolytic enzymes

(hydrolases).Lysosomes contain acid phosphatase and other hydrolytic
enzymes.. These enzymes are enclosed by a membrane and are
released when needed into the cell or into phagocytic vesicles.

Lysosomal enzymes have the capacity to hydrolyze all classes of

macromolecules.

A generalized list of substrates acted upon by respective enzymes is

given below:

Lipids by lipases and phospholipases;

Proteins by proteases or peptidases;
Polysaccharides by glycosidases;

Nucleic acids by nucleases;

Phosphates ( organic-linked) by phosphatases;

Sulphates (organic-linked) by sulfatases.