EssentialsofGeology,10e(Lutgens/Tarbuck/Tasa)

Chapter4VolcanoesandOtherIgneousActivity
1)In1980,________wasthefirstCascadeRangevolcanotoeruptsinceMt.Lassen,California,in1915-16.
A)Mt.Rainier
B)Mt.Shasta
C)Kilauea
D)Mt.St.Helens
Answer:D
Di:1

2)Whichtypeofbasalticlavaflowhasafairlysmooth,unfragmented,ropysurface?
A)aa
B)pegmatitic
C)pahoehoe
D)scoria
Answer:C
Di:1

3)________isamajordissolvedvolatileconstituentinbothmagmasandvolcanicgases?
A)Water
B)Carbonmonoxide
C)Hydrogenchloride
D)Methane
Answer:A
Di:1

4)Volcanicbombsoriginate________.
A)aslaser-guided,graniteblockslaunchedfromasupersonicjet
B)asblocksofvolcanicrockejectedfromaneruptingvolcaniccrater
C)aseruptedmagmablobsthatpartlycongealbeforefallingtotheground
D)asashparticlesthatjointogetherintheeruptiveplumeandfallascobble-sizedobjects
Answer:C
Di:1

5)WhichnaturalphenomenonoccursformanyyearsaftermajorexplosivevolcaniceruptionssuchasTambora
andPinatubo?
A)heavyfallsofvolcanicashwithin100kmofthevolcano
B)unusuallywarmweatherinthetropicsandsubtropics
C)aworldwideriseinsealevelofonetothreecentimeters
D)brilliantlycoloredsunrisesandsunsets
Answer:D
Di:1

6)WhatfatebefelltheLostCityofAtlantismentionedinPlatoswritings?
A)itwashedawayinagiantseawaveabout79A.D.
B)itwasobliteratedbyduststormsfromNorthAfricainthefifthcenturyA.D.
C)itwasburiedbythickashdepositsfromMt.Vesuviusin79B.C.
D)itdisappearedaspartofcalderacollapsefollowingamajor,explosive,volcaniceruption
Answer:D
Di:1

7)________magmaisthemostabundanttypeoferuptedatoceanicspreadingcenters.
A)Basaltic
B)Granitic
C)Andesitic
D)Pegmatitic
Answer:A
Di:1

8)The1991PinatuboeruptioninthePhilippinescausedbrilliantlycoloredsunrisesandsunsetstobeseenfor
thenextfewyears.Whatcausedthisphenomenon?
A)theeruptionaddedlargeamountsofcarbondioxidetotheatmosphere
B)theeruptiveclouddestroyedpartsoftheEarthsprotectiveozonelayer
C)radioactiveatomsblownintotheatmosphereglowedredastheydecayed
D)sulfurdioxideandothereruptedgasesformedaerosolsinthestratosphere
Answer:D
Di:1

9)The________oceanbasinisrimmedbythemostsubductionzones.
A)Atlantic
B)Indian
C)Pacific
D)Arctic
Answer:C
Di:1

10)Whichwasthemostpowerful,explosivevolcaniceruptionofhistorictime?
A)Mt.Pele,Martinique,1902
B)Vesuvius,Italy,79A.D.
C)Tambora,Indonesia,1815
D)NevadodelRuiz,Colombia,1985
Answer:C
Di:1

11)Whichofthefollowingisassociatedwithdeepmantlehotspots?
A)VesuviusandtheothervolcanoesofItaly
B)thevolcanoesofHawaiiandQuaternaryactivityinYellowstoneNationalPark
C)theveryyoungcinderconesscatteredacrossthesouthwesternUnitedStates
D)Mt.St.HelensandothervolcanoesoftheCascadeMountains
Answer:B
Di:1

12)Whywouldaplumeofsolidsilicaterockrisingslowlyfromdeepinthemantlebeginmeltingasitneared
thebaseofthelithosphere?
A)therockheatsupandexpandsatlowerpressures,causingittoliquefy
B)temperaturesremainhighasloweredpressuresdecreasemeltingtemperatures
C)theloweredpressurescauserapidheatlossaccompaniedbymelting
D)noneoftheabove
Answer:B
Di:1

13)Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesseamountsandislandsofthedeepoceanbasins?
A)hugegranitebatholithsintrudedbeneaththeoceanfloor
B)pilesofbasalticlavaflowsbuiltupfromtheoceanfloorbymultiple,summitandflankeruptions
C)andesiticpyroclasticrockssubmergedwhenthemountainssankbelowsealevel
D)domedgabbrointrusionsandmassive,submarine,rhyolitic,pyroclasticcones
Answer:B
Di:1

14)Pocketsofmagmascanbeformedbythemeltingofdeepcontinentalcrustheatedbytheintrusionofother
magmas.Whichofthefollowingcorrectlydescribesthisprocess?
A)intrusionofbasalticmagmacausesdeepcrustalrockstomelt,producingandesiticorrhyoliticmagmas
B)intrudedrhyolitemagmacausesbasaltmagmatoformbymeltingofgranite
C)intrusionofdioritemagmacausesbasaltmagmatomeltfromperidotite
D)alloftheabovecorrectlydescribetheprocess
Answer:A
Di:2

15)Whichofthefollowingphenomenaaccompaniedtheyearwithoutasummer(1816)inpartsofNorth
AmericaandnorthernEurope?
A)icejamsonmajorrivers,suchastheNileandlowerMississippiduringJuly
B)snowfallsandfrostsinNewEnglandduringJulyandAugust
C)cropfailuresandvastlyreducedcropyields
D)shortenedperiodsofdaylight,suchasnormallyoccuronlyduringwintermonths
Answer:B
Di:1

16)________areusuallythemostabundantgasesemittedduringbasalticvolcanism.
A)Chlorineandsodium
B)Neonandammonia
C)Oxygenandnitrogen
D)Waterandcarbondioxide
Answer:D
Di:1

Pleasechoosefromoneofthefollowinganswers.
a.shieldvolcanoes
b.composite/stratovolcanoes

c.cindercones

17)massive,gentlyslopingvolcanoesbuiltofsuccessive,basalticlavaflows
Answer:a
Di:1

18)large,fairlysteep-sidedconescomposedoflavasandpyroclasticlayers
Answer:b
Di:1

19)smallbasalticconesbuiltduringone,short,eruptiveepisode
Answer:c
Di:1

20)thevolcanoesofsouthwesternAlaskaandtheAleutianIslands
Answer:b
Di:1

21)thebigvolcanoesofHawaii
Answer:a
Di:1

22)WhichstatementabouttheMay,1980,eruptionofMountSt.Helensisfalse?
A)duringtheeruptiveperiod,themountainpeakwassubstantiallybuiltupbynewlavaflowsand
pyroclasticdebris
B)plumesofashrosehighintotheatmosphereduringthemajoreruptiveevents
C)mudflowsaccompaniedthemajoreruptiveevents
D)themostpowerfulexplosiveeventwasprecededbyamassivelandslide
Answer:A
Di:1

23)________tendtoincreasetheexplosivepotentialofamagmabodybeneathavolcano.
A)Highviscosityanddissolvedgas
B)Highviscosity;lowdissolvedgascontent
C)Lowsilicacontent,lowviscosity
D)Lowviscosity;lowdissolvedgascontent
Answer:A
Di:1

24)Whichtypeofbasalticlavaflowhasitssurfacecoveredwithsharp-edged,angularblocksandrubble?
A)scoria
B)pahoehoe
C)pillowlava
D)aa
Answer:D
Di:1

25)Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningvolcanicblocksandbombsistrue?
A)blocksarebrokenfragmentsofsolidrocks;bombshavesmallersizesthanlapilli
B)bombsareguidedtoEarthbylaserbeams;blocksfallanywhere
C)bombsareejectedasmagmalumps;blocksareejectedassolidfragments
D)bombsandblocksarebothsmallerthanlapilliandcinders
Answer:C
Di:1

26)________destroyedthecityofSt.Pierre,Martiniquein1902.
A)Mudflows
B)Basalticlavaflows
C)Heavyashfall
D)Anueardente
Answer:D
Di:1

27)Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsconcerningcinderconesisfalse?
A)theyaresmallvolcanoeswithfairlysteepsides
B)theyarebuiltmostlyorentirelyduringoneeruptivecycle
C)thecindersandotherpyroclasticparticlesareconsolidatedintoweldedtuff
D)thecindersmostcommonlyarebasaltic
Answer:C
Di:1

28)TheColumbiaPlateauinWashingtonandOregonis________.
A)afloodbasaltplateau
B)athickstackofwelded-tufflayers
C)acalderafilledwithrhyolitelavaflows
D)afieldoflargestratovolcanoes
Answer:A
Di:1

29)Whichkindoferuptiveactivityismostlikelytobehighlyexplosive?
A)lavaflowsfromalargeshieldvolcanoonanoceanicisland
B)fissureeruptionsfeedinglavatofloodbasaltaccumulations
C)eruptionsofbig,continentalmargin,compositeconesorstratovolcanoes
D)lavaflowsfromalargecinderconecomplex
Answer:C
Di:1

30)Whichoneofthefollowingstatementsisnottrue?
A)meltingtemperaturesofsilicaterocksincreasewithincreasedpressure
B)meltingtemperaturesofsilicaterocksareloweredbysmallamountsofwater
C)basaltmagmasingeneralhavehighertemperaturesthanrhyolitemagmas
D)whenmagmareachesthesurface,itsdissolvedgascontentincreases
Answer:D
Di:2

31)Whichkindofvolcanismistypicalofmid-oceanicridgesystems?
A)explosive;compositecones
B)submarine;basalticlavaflows
C)fissureeruptions;floodbasaltsfields
D)explosive;rhyolitic,pyroclasticflows
Answer:B
Di:1

32)KilaueaandMaunaLoaare________.
A)explosive,rhyoliticvolcanoes
B)andesiticstratovolcanoes
C)basalticshieldvolcanoes
D)small,basalticcindercones
Answer:C
Di:1

33)MountSt.Helensis________.
A)abasalticcindercone
B)anexplosivestratovolcano
C)abasalticshieldvolcano
D)asmall,weldedtuffcone
Answer:B
Di:1

34)The1943eruptionofParicutininMexicowascharacterizedby________.
A)mudflowsandexplosiveasheruptions
B)welded-tuffdepositionandcalderaformation
C)cinderconebuildingandbasalticlava
D)pyroclasticeruptionsandnueardenteflows
Answer:C
Di:1

35)Theaveragecompositionofrockscomprisingalargecompositeconeorstratovolcanoissimilartoa(an)
________magma.
A)basaltic
B)ultramafic
C)andesitic
D)rhyolitic
Answer:C
Di:1

36)A________volcanoisaverylarge,gentlyslopingmoundcomposedmainlyofbasalticlavaflows.
A)composite
B)stratospheric
C)cindercone
D)shield
Answer:D
Di:1

37)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesShiprock,afamousvolcanicfeatureinNewMexico?
A)averyrecentlyactive,basalticcindercone
B)anextinct,highlysymmetrical,compositevolcaniccone
C)theerodedremainsofavolcanicpipeandradiatingdikes
D)anextinct,massive,rhyoliticshieldvolcano
Answer:C
Di:1

38)Whichregionhasthegreatestconcentrationofcurrentlyactivevolcanoes?
A)thecoastalplainofwesternAfrica
B)EuropeanRussiaandSiberia
C)theareasurroundingtheRedSea
D)thecircum-Pacificarea
Answer:D
Di:1

39)Therecent(geologically)volcanicactivityinYellowstoneNationalParkis________.
A)relatedtoplatesubduction
B)relatedtoadivergentplateboundary
C)relatedtoatransformplateboundary
D)relatedtointraplate,hotspotvolcanism
Answer:D
Di:1

40)TheIcelandicvolcanoesarerelatedtoplatetectonicsbecause________.
A)theylieonaspreadingcenterwheretwoplatesareconverging
B)theylieonasubductionzonewheretwoplatesareconverging
C)theylieonaspreadingcenterwheretwoplatesaremovingapart
D)theyliealongasubductionzonewheretwoplatesarediverging
Answer:C
Di:1

41)WhichoneofthefollowingbestdescribesvolcanismintheCascadeRange,northwesternU.S.?
A)relatedtoamantlehotspot
B)relatedtoplatesubduction
C)relatedtoamid-oceanicridgesystem
D)relatedtodeep,transformfaults
Answer:B
Di:1

42)WhichofthefollowingstatementsbestdescribesthebigHawaiianvolcanoes?
A)liedirectlyaboveatransformplateboundarythatcutsdeeplyintothemantle
B)liedirectlyaboveanactivesubductionzonewherethePacificplateissinkingintothemantle
C)liealongthecrestoftheEastPacificRise,amid-oceanridgeorspreadingcenter
D)aresituatedintheinteriorofalarge,Pacificplateaboveahotspotdeepinthemantle
Answer:D
Di:1

43)Atlowpressuresandintheabsenceofwater,rhyolitesandgranitesbegintomeltatabout________.
A)300oC
B)500oF
C)800oC
D)6000oF
Answer:C
Di:1

44)WhatvolcaniceventsformedCraterLake,OR?Whendidtheytakeplace?
A)apowerfulexplosionblewawaythetopofastratovolcano;10millionyearsago
B)thecraterofalarge,extinctcinderconefilledwithwater;5millionyearsago
C)landslidesandvolcanicmudflowsdammedtheMazamaRiver;500yearsago
D)calderacollapsefollowedmajorashandpyroclastic-floweruptions;6000yearsago
Answer:D
Di:1

45)Whichoneofthefollowingshowsthecorrectorder(lefttoright)ofdecreasingmagmaviscosity?
A)rhyolite,andesite,basalt
B)andesite,rhyolite,basalt
C)basalt,rhyolite,andesite
D)basalt,andesite,rhyolite
Answer:A
Di:1

46)WhydomagmasrisetowardEarthssurface?
A)magmasaremoreviscousthansolidrocksinthecrustanduppermantle
B)mostmagmasarericherinsilicathanmostcrustalanduppermantlerocks
C)magmasaremainlyliquidandcontaindissolvedfluidssuchaswater;mostarelessdensethanthe
adjacentsolidrock
D)alloftheabove
Answer:C
Di:1

47)Whatisthelargest,knownvolcanointheSolarSystem?
A)MaunaLoa,Hawaii,Earth
B)MountOlympus,Greece,Earth
C)MaunaKea,southernhemisphere,Mars
D)OlympusMons,Mars
Answer:D
Di:1

48)A________isthelargest,discordantbodyofintrusive,igneousrock.
A)lopolith
B)laccolith
C)pluton
D)batholith
Answer:D
Di:1

49)A________isanintrusive,igneousrockbodythatistabularandconcordant.
A)laccolith
B)dike
C)pluton
D)sill
Answer:D
Di:1

50)A________isanearsurface,intrusive,igneousrockbodythatresultsfromlocalinflationofahorizontalsill.
A)batholith
B)dike
C)laccolith
D)volcanicneck
Answer:C
Di:1

51)WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesthebedrockintheSierraNevadaMountainsinCalifornia?
A)basalt;dikes
B)gabbro;plutoliths
C)andesite;laccoliths
D)granite;batholiths
Answer:D
Di:1

52)Xenolithsareassociatedmostcloselywithwhichmagmaticprocessandigneousrockbody?
A)columnarjointing;lavaflow
B)vesiculation;pumicelump
C)magmaticdifferentation;gabbrosill
D)intrusion;graniticbatholith
Answer:D
Di:1

WordAnalysis.Examinethewordsand/orphrasesforeachquestionbelowanddeterminetherelationshipamongthe
majorityofwords/phrases.Choosetheoptionwhichdoesnotfitthepattern.

53)a.silicacontent
b.temperature
c.dissolvedgases d.pressure
Answer:D
Di:1

54)a.pahoehoe
Answer:C

b.aa

c.volcanicbomb

d.pillowlava

b.crystals

c.lapilli

d.blocks

b.pipe

c.crater

d.fumarole

b.Mt.Mazama

c.MountPele

d.Kilauea

b.batholith

c.dike

d.laccolith

Di:1

55)a.ash
Answer:B
Di:1

56)a.caldera
Answer:A
Di:2

57)a.Mt.Vesuvius
Answer:D
Di:1

58)a.sill
Answer:B
Di:1

59)Dissolvedgasesmaycompriseuptoafewpercentbyweightofamagma.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

60)Ashandlapilliaredifferentsizedpyroclasticparticles.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

61)Theviscositiesofmagmasincreasewithincreasingpercentagesofsilica.
Answer:TRUE
Diff:1

62)TheeruptionsoftheHawaiianvolcanoesmaybedescribedasexplosiveincomparisontothe1980MountSt.
Helenseruption.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

63)Powerful,explosive,volcaniceruptionscanresultinclimaticcoolingformillionsofyearsfollowingthe
eruption.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

64)Magmagenerationatdepthalmostalwaysinvolvespartialmelting,notcompletemeltingofthesourcerock.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

65)TheactiveHawaiianvolcanoesaresituateddirectlyaboveamajorboundarybetweentwooftheEarths
largesttectonicplates.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

66)Mostbasalticmagmasarebelievedtoformbypartialmeltingofgraniteinthelowercrustanduppermantle.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

67)Basalticlavasaregenerallyhotterandmoreviscousthanandesitelavas.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

68)Smallamountsofwatercanlowerpartialmeltingtemperaturesinsilicaterocks.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

69)Repeatederuptionsofrelativelyfluidlavafromfissurescaneventuallycauseanareatobecoveredbyflood
basalts.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

70)Ingeneral,cinderconesaremuchlargerthanshieldvolcanoes.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

71)CraterLakeinOregonactuallyoccupiesacaldera,notacrater.
Answer:TRUE
Di:2

72)Ventsthatemitonlyheated,volcanicgasesandwaterarecalledfumaroles.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

73)Aaflowsaregenerallythinnerandhavesmoothersurfacesthanpahoehoeflows.
Answer:FALSE
Di:1

74)Basaltisthemostcommonmagmaeruptedalongoceanicriftsystems.
Answer:TRUE
Di:1

75)Compositevolcanicconesarealsoknownas________.
Answer:stratovolcanoes
Di:1

10

76)________isthemostabundantgaseouscomponentdissolvedinmostmagmas.
Answer:H2O
Di:1

77)Ventsthatemitonlyhotgasesandvaporsarecalled________.
Answer:fumaroles
Di:1

78)Large,volcanicdepressionsformedbysubsidenceandcollapseareknownas________.
Answer:calderas
Di:1

79)Whichbasalticlavaflowhasarelativelysmoothsurface?
Answer:pahoehoe
Di:1

80)Whattermdescribesfragmentalvolcanicmaterial?
Answer:pyroclastic
Di:1

81)________denotesabasalticlavaflowcoveredwithangular,congealedlavarubble.
Answer:Aa
Di:1

82)________isadangerous,fastmoving,hot,turbulentcloudofvolcanicgasesandfine-sized,pyroclastic
particles.
Answer:Nueardente
Di:1

83)Arelativelysmall,summitdepressiononavolcano,markingaformereruptivevent,isa________.
Answer:crater
Di:1

84)Pyroclasticfragmentsintermediateinsizebetweenashandbombsareknownas________.
Answer:lapilli
Di:1

85)WhatkindofvolcanoesareKilaueaandtheotherbigHawaiianvolcanoes?
Answer:shield
Di:1

86)Anothertermforavolcanicmudflowisa________.
Answer:lahar
Di:1

87)Whichkindofvolcanoiscloselyassociatedwithconvergentplateboundariesandsubductionzones?
Answer:compositeorstratovolcano
Di:1

88)Whichtabular,discordantigneousrockbodyintrudesalongacrackorfissure?
Answer:dike
Di:1

11

89)Averylarge,discordantpluton,commonlyofcomposedofgraniteisa________.
Answer:granite
Di:1

90)Asmall,igneousrockbodyemplacedatshallowdepthsbyupliftandarchingoftheoverlying,olderstratais
a________.
Answer:laccolith
Di:1

Criticalthinkinganddiscussionquestions.Usecompletesentences,correctspelling,andtheinformationpresentedin
Chapter4toanswerthequestionsbelow.

91)Asidefromnearoceanictrenches,mostearthquakesoriginateatdepthsof100kilometersorless.
ConsideringthephysicalpropertiesofEarthsinterior,whattypeofmechanicalbehavior(inrocks)mustbe
necessaryforearthquakestooccur?Explain.
Di:2

92)CatastrophismobviouslyinfluencedseventeenthandeighteenthcenturythoughtbyimplyingthatEarth
onlyneededtobeafewthousandyearsoldtoexplainlandscapesandgeologicfeatures.However,
catastrophicandoftensuddenchangesareatleastapartoftherockrecordthatgeologistsattemptto
interpret.ListthreegeologiccatastrophesthatwouldmostlikelyaffectlandscapesorfeaturesonEarthand
berecordedinrocks.Howmighttheseeventsbeexplainedintherockrecordusingonlyuniformitarianism
(ortheimplicationofslow,gradualchange)?
Di:3

93)Earthsphysicalenvironmentistraditionallydividedinthehydrosphere,atmosphere,andthesolidEarth.
Rememberingthescientificmethod,whydoyouthinkthatscientiststendtocategorizeandclassifyvarious
features,phenomena,andcharacteristicsofthenaturalworldintogroupsorsubdivisions?Also,arethere
potentialpitfallsorproblemsifweonlyconsiderthenaturalworldasindividualgroupsorcategoriesrather
thanasawhole?
Di:3

94)Whattypeofvolcanoisshowninthediagrambelow?

Answer:composite
Di:1

12

95)Whattypeofvolcanoisshowninthediagrambelow?

Answer:shield
Di:1

96)Whattypeofvolcanoisshowninthediagrambelow?

Answer:cindercone
Di:1

97)Whatvolcanicfeatureisshowninthediagrambelow?

Answer:lavadome
Diff:1

13

98)Ontheblanksprovided,writethenameofthefeaturelabeled.Onthesameblank,indicatewithcapital
letterswhetherthefeatureisconcordant(C)ordiscordant(D)andwhetherthefeatureistabular(T)or
massive(M).

Answer:a.volcano,D,M
b.lavaflow,C,T
c.sill,C,T
d.dike,D,T
e.laccolith,C,M
f.batholith,D,M
Di:2

99)Whatisthenameofthechainofvolcanoesbelowthatformsatanoceanictooceanicplateboundary?

Answer:volcanicislandarc
Diff:1

14

100)Whatisthenameofthechainofvolcanoesbelowthatformsatanoceanictocontinentalplateboundary?

Answer:continentalvolcanicarc
Di:1

15