NEM 445 Take Home

December 6, 2007

Clearly write down all the assumptions you make.

The figures and constants you would need are given.
1) (10) List 10 design features of the European Pressurized Reactor.
2) (20) In a particular reheat-cycle power plant, saturated steam (at 544 oF) enters
the high-pressure turbine at 1000 psia, and expands to 200 psia, after which it is
reheated to 544 oF. The steam is then expanded to 1 psia. Liquid leaves the
condenser as saturated liquid and pumped back to 1000 psia. Each turbine is
adiabatic with an isentropic efficiency of 87% and the pump efficiency is 82%. If
the total power output of the turbines is 3.5x107 Btu/hr, calculate:
a. The Mass flow rate of steam
b. The Cycle efficiency
c. The Carnot efficiency for this cycle.
d. Draw the T-s diagram for the system

Thermodynamic Properties:
1000.0 psia: Tsat = 544 oF, f = 0.0216 ft3/lbm, g = 0.4456 ft3/lbm, hf = 542.4 Btu/lbm, hg
= 1191.8 Btu/lbm, sf = 0.7430 Btu/lbm oF, sg = 1.3897 Btu/lbm oF
200.0 psia: Tsat = 381.79 oF, f = 0.01873 ft3/lbm, g = 2.288 ft3/lbm, hf = 355.36 Btu/lbm,
hg = 1198.4 Btu/lbm, sf = 0.5435 Btu/lbm oF, sg = 1.5453 Btu/lbm oF
1.0 psia: Tsat = 101.74 oF, f = 0.01614 ft3/lbm, g = 333.6 ft3/lbm, hf = 69.7 Btu/lbm, hg =
1106.0 Btu/lbm, sf = 0.1326 Btu/lbm oF, sg = 1.9782 Btu/lbm oF
200.0 psia, 544 oF: g = 2.874 ft3/lbm, hg = 1293.0 Btu/lbm, sg = 1.6486 Btu/lbm oF
Constants and Reminders: Joules equivalent = 778.16 ft-lbf/Btu, gc = 32.17 lbm ft/lbf
s2, sfg = sg - sf, 1 ft = 12.0 in.
3) (25) A heavy water moderated, heterogeneous reactor has the pellet diameter of
0.4 in. The fuel rod diameter is 0.45 in. and the average thermal neutron flux is
1.5x1013 neuts/cm2-s. The number density for U235 is 7.0 x 1020 and moderator
temperature is 500 oF. For this reactor, calculate the average volumetric heat
generation rate and average fuel rod surface heat flux.
Assume that the moderator is changed to light water with and atomic ratio for
U235/H of 0.011. Calculate the effective fission cross section this time. Explain
how first design can be changed to have same effective fission cross section with
the second design.

Constants and Reminders: the conversion factor used for volumetric heat
generation rate from Mev/sec-cm3 to BTU/hr-ft3 is 1.5477 x 10-8. 1 kW is 3412 Btu/hr.
For U235, 1/(1 + ) is 0.851. The fission cross section for U235 fuel at room
temperature is 570 barns. The 1/V correction factor is 2 (0.8862).
4) (20) A PWR pellet diameter is 0.370 in. and the thickness of the clad is 0.028 in.
respectively. Assume there is no gap. The fuel length is 12 ft. Calculate the
average linear heat generation if the fuel centerline temperature is 4700oF. The
coolant temperature given is 635 oF and the heat transfer coefficient for the
coolant is 6500.0 Btu/hr/ft2-oF. Clad conductivity is 11.0 Btu/hr/ft-oF. Use the
Tm

dT approach. Assume the flux depression factor is 0.91 and the theoretical

Ts

density of the fuel is 95%.

Constants and Reminders: 1 kW is 3412 Btu/hr. 1 ft is 30.48 cm.
5) (25) Briefly answer below questions:
a. Sketch the fast and thermal neutron fluxes in the fuel and moderator for a
thermal reactor.
b. List the effects of decreasing heat rejection temperature and increasing
turbine inlet pressure on the Rankine cycle efficiency.
c. Briefly describe the reactor shutdown decay heat (sources, the behavior,
the importance)
d. Briefly describe how the heat is generated in reactor structures due to
radiation impinging on them (briefly mention the physical parameters
effecting the heat generation).
e. Define Critical Heat Flux Ration and Minimum Critical Power Ratio.
Explain which one is used for PWR and which one is used for BWR. Give
the limit values for each.