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Chapter I

INTRODUCTION
Coronary artery disease, also called Coronary heart disease is
the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries, usually caused by
atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis (sometimes called hardening or
clogging of the arteries) is the buildup of cholesterol and fatty
deposits (called plaques) on the inner walls of the arteries. These
plaques can restrict blood flow to the heart muscle by physically
clogging the artery or by causing abnormal artery tone and function.
Without an adequate blood supply, the heart becomes starved of
oxygen and the vital nutrients it needs to work properly. This can cause
chest pain called angina. If blood supply to a portion of the heart
muscle is cut off entirely, or if the energy demands of the heart
become much greater than its blood supply, a heart attack (injury to
the

heart

muscle)

may

occur.

(http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/heart/disorders/coronary-arterydisease)
Heart disease is the leading cause of death among men and
women in the United States. Coronary artery disease affects 16.8
million Americans. The American Heart Association (AHA) estimates
that about every 34 seconds, an American will have a heart attack. In
addition, the lifetime risk of having cardiovascular disease after age 40
1

is 2 in 3 men and more than 1 in 2 women. (Reference: Heart Disease


and Stroke Statistics 2009 Update: A Report from the American Heart
Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee.
Circulation. 2009, January 27)
According

to

the

World

Health

Organization

(WHO),

cardiovascular diseases is the number 1 cause of death throughout the


world. The disease killed 17.5 million people in 2012 that is 3 in every
10 deaths. Of these, 7.4 million people died of ischemic heart disease
and 6.7 million from stroke. In third world countries but emerging
countries like the Philippines, stroke remain the top causes of death.
According to the Philippine Department of Health, DOH: Ischemic
heart attack, stroke and cancer remain top causes of death among
Filipinos.

(http://www.altheadistributor.com/philippines-heart-stroke-

cancer/)
The alarming rise in death rate attributed to cardiovascular
diseases has prompted the Philippine Heart Association (PHA) to
release an updated guideline on treating and managing heart disease
in the book, 2014 Philippine Clinical Practice Guidelines for the
Management

of

Coronary

Heart

Disease.

(http://lifestyle.inquirer.net/178609/cardiovascular-disease-is-still-thecountrys-top-killer)
).
2

OBJECTIVES
General:
At the end of this case presentation, the readers will gain knowledge
and understanding regarding the diagnosis of the client, Coronary
artery disease (CAD) and its management.
Specific:
The readers will be able to:
describe what is Coronary artery disease (CAD);
review clients health history and its relevance to the study;
present a through physical assessment and review of clients system
which serves as a basline data;
discuss the disease process by presenting the precipitating and
predisposing factors which bring forth the clients illness;
trace the pathophysiology of Coronary artery disease (CAD);
identify

the

nursing

implication

about

the

different

diagnostic

procedures;

identify the nursing problems for a holistic care;


formulate atleast five (5) nursing care plans based on the identified
nursing problems according to its priority; and
discuss the different drugs used in the management of the client's
conditn; and the teaching plan.

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