Professional Documents
Culture Documents
INTRODUCTION
their responsibilityin playing a role at home will give a greater impact on their
childrens excellence.
Other than that, the studied done by (Vellymalay, 2012) in one of the
schools in Kerian district of Perak and, the findings of this study indicate that the
greater cooperation and support given by parents who are more exposed
tovarious strategies of involvement in their children academic at home as a
result ensure the educational success of the child. Regarding all previous
studies, the form 4 students were selected.The selection of this sampling was
based on the duration of the students in the school and also have the long time
to learn English
Malaysia has made great progress in education on many fronts, including
increased access to pre-school education and secondary education, as well as
expanded opportunities to pursue post-secondary and tertiary education.Steps
needed taken to address inequities in the system by upgrading and expanding
educational facilities.Taking into consideration, The Education Blueprint (20132025) has been outlined to provide a sustainable and rapid transformation of
Malaysias Education System. Looking aheadthe aspirations for Malaysian
students, The Education Blueprint was alignedand government equip every
parent to support their child's learning through a parent engagement toolkit and
online access to their child's in-school progress. The involvement of all parents
will create a learning ecosystem that reinforces the knowledge, skills, and values
taught to students at school. In conclusion, parents need to take a challenge as
outlined in the shiftto make sure their children become achieved success in the
academic.
English of rural schools also fell behind the urban schools. In an unpublished
report by the Kedah Education Department (2015), the disparity between urban
and rural schools could not only be identified in the PT3 English language result,
but also in three others core subjects, Bahasa Melayu, Science and Mathematics.
This shows that English language needs to be given more attention and
addressed.
A study has information about students, parental involvement in their
children academic English achievement. There are many reasons about
regarding their low achievement in academic. Practically, almost of the students
in interviews, feel their parental involvement reluctant to involve in their children
academic English.In supporting this view,(Coulter-Kern & Duchane, 2007)
maintain that the decreased involvement of parents in their childrens schooling
as the children move from primary to secondary school may be because parents
think that teenager's desire and need independence. It can be concluded that
parental involvement is crucial factor in achieving of academic English.
In Malaysia, parental involvement in childrens education is still at the
minimum level. Some of the formative work on parental involvement has been
criticized as being limited in its ability to capture the needs of their children from
diverse cultural, linguistic and socioeconomic backgrounds (Auerbach 2007;
Pushor and Ruitenberg 2005). A lot of parents place the responsibility to teach
their children and ensure their childrens education upon the teachers. Besides,
they think that by sending their children to school and give money when needed
is enough to make them believe that they have fulfilled their responsibilities as
parents. (Kertas Kerja Kajian Sistem Pendidikan Kebangsaan, 2001).
Furthermore, according to Faridah et al. (2005), in Malaysia, the reason
why the students English results are poor is because of their parents who give
less support in their education, lack of supervision in the students improvement
in schools and did not check the students homework. Available literature from
writers such as Reynolds, et. al., (1996) reveals that parents in rural areas are
not as involved in the education of their children as compared to their
counterparts in the urban areas. Their parents do not willing to speak or read in
English and they in turn are influenced by them. Parents also limit their
involvement in students they also limit educational opportunities for their
children as well as limiting the schools academic performance (Woolfork, 1997).
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Living in low socio economic status (SES) can be difficult and challenging not
only for children, but also for parents. Parents living in poverty are less likely to
participate in their children's education than those living out of poverty (Van
Velsor & Orozco, 2007). This situation occurred in rural schools and become a
factor that parents unwilling to engage with their children academic. When living
in low socioeconomic status, parents failed to create a conducive home
academic environment such as prepare encourages academic environment.
Parents also failed to help their children with studies such as helping and
supporting in their homework, giving tuition either home tuition or outside
tuition. The lowest likelihood of engagement occurs when parental role
construction is weak that is, when parents do not believe they should be
involved in their childs education and have at the same time a low sense of
efficacy. These kind of parents also declares that they are lack of confidence in
their interactions with the education system.
1.2 Purpose of the study
The purpose of this study is to explore the impact of parental involvement on
academic proficiency influence by ethnicity, cultural and economic status and
which ethnic group of parents is more involved in their child achievement. Data
will be gathered from students in one of the rural schools in Malaysia. This work
can be regarded as important in providing useful data which can help the parents
to serve their children in achievement of academic English as related to their
involvement. The researcher sought to find out whether in fact the parents are
aware of the importance of English language in this new globalized world.
The researcher also wants to bring new areas of knowledge to meet the gap
between a parent and their children regarding ethnicity, cultural and economic
condition. Moreover, a prominent study of the education of Indian students was
done by Santhiram (1999), who found that overall, the performance of Indian
students in Malaysia was not satisfactory.
looking into. To include other components would be really ambitious and time
eating up. Lastly, the students is only from three cultural groups and from a rural
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan are used for this work.
1.8Definitions of terms
1.8.1 Parental Involvement
Parental involvement is the most important element in childrens life and
growth. Researchers show that parents have heavy impact on children (Hart &
Risley 1995; Peechia 2002; Vacca 2008). Parental involvement in the form of 'athome good parenting' has a significant positive effect on children's achievement
and adjustment even after all other factors shaping attainment have been taken
out of the equation. So, what they take from their parents in the first couple
years of their lives will impact children for the remainder of their lives.
Substance, if their parents carry an honest position in understanding them also
be proficient at academic achievement too.
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.0 Introduction
This chapter deals with the review of study literature on many factors that
impact the academic achievement in English. It will also focus on the influence of
parental involvement in rural areas in Kedah. Moreover, this chapter will reveal
theories approach that helps the researcher to find information and enhances the
understanding of the study. All the literature review will support the findings by
researcher. This chapter will acquire a conceptual framework that used in this
study.
2.2
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2.4.
Theoretical Framework
This study explores the nature of parental involvement and its consequences
within the context of Epsteins conceptual model and Cultural Capital Theory.
Parental Involvement in their childrens education has become widely recognized
as a predictor of positive academic achievement (Barwegen, Falciani, Putnam,
Reamer, & Stair, 2004;Wentworth, 2006), a valuable tool for increasing the
probability of improving children academic success (Christenson & Carlson,
2005; Hill, Castellino, Lansford, Nowlin, Dodge,Bates, & Petit, 2004), and a
construct controlled to influence by intervention (Cox, 2005). As theparental
involvement research has evolved, it has also become clear to most researchers
thatparental involvement is a multidimensional rather than homogeneous
construct (Fishel &Ramirez, 2005; Kelley-Laine, 1998; Kim, 2002; Park, 2008).
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2.4.1
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Cultural capital for parents related to the educational system exists in three
forms: personality, attitudes, and knowledge gained from experience;
connections to education-related objects (e.g., books, computers, academic
qualifications), and connections to education-related institutions (e.g., schools,
universities, libraries) (Grenfell & James, 1998; Robbins, 2000). Because cultural
capital involves a collection of cultural dispositions (Brubaker, 2004, p. 41), it
may be difficult to distinguish it from habit (Robbins, 2000). However, the habit
can be thought of as a characteristic (or set of characteristics) pertaining to an
individual. Although cultural capital is possessed by an individual or a family, it is
more a function of the concordance of the educational aspects of the familys
habit with the values and practices of the educational system with which the
family interacts.
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EPSTEINS
CULTURAL CAPITAL
THEORY
(Bourdieu, 1977a,
p.494)
6 TYPES OF
INVOLVEME
NT
DECISION MAKING
LEARNINGATOME
VOLUNTERRING
ECOLOGICAL
COMMUNICATING
SYSTEM THEORY
Bronfenbrenner
(2005)
PARRENTING
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Figure
2.1 The
Theoretical
THE ROLES
OF PARENTAL
PARENTAL INVOLVEMENT
ESL
ACADEMIC
ACHIEVEMENT
HOME
ENVIRONMENT
LANGUAGE
CULTURE
LEARNING
HELP
WITH
STUDIES
HOMEWORK
HOME TUITION
OUTSIDE TUTION
LIBRARY ETC.
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interrelationship between the two variables in the study. According to the model
(Fig. 2.1) the independent variable (i.e. parental involvement) is conceptualized
in terms of family background which are assumed to affect students academic
performance (dependent variable). The framework further reflects that there are
other factors referred to as intervening variables which are assumed the
moderate the relationship between the independent and the dependent variable.
In the model, rural area is placed at the top. The affecting factors are the
parental involvement, socio economic status, parental encouragement, student
attitude and accessibility of academic materials. In academic, the self-system
plays the most important role because as it acts as a motivation for the reader to
read. Position towards the object language is also a deciding factor to get a
academic achievement. Parental involvements are vital as they influence the
attitude and academic achievements of students towards the target language.
2.5 Conclusion
It comes out that findings among the local and foreign researchers tell us
that parental involvement, such as socio economic status and parental
encouragement are all important in developing the academic achievement of
successful students. Thus, this survey seeks to replicate previous studies and
essay to confirm if there is a substantial relationship between the parental
involvement and the academic achievement of rural secondary school students.
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