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Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2271 2275

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a

VB-Technical University of Ostrava, Faculty of Mining and Geology, 17 listopadu 15, 708 33, Ostrava, Czech Republic
b
Cumhuriyet University - Faculty of Engineering - Department of Geological Engineering - 58140 Sivas, Turkey
c
Donetsk National Technical University, Ukraine

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2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
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Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016
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1877-7058 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license

(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of WMCAUS 2016

doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.08.827

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Marian Marschalko et al. / Procedia Engineering 161 (2016) 2271 2275

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