Bk5 Sol C16 E

Trigonometry (3)
16
16.2 (a)
Trigonometry (3)
Let x m be the distance between Janes
p.272
eyes and the ground, y m be the distance

between Janes eyes and the lorry.
By sine formula,
60
y
sin( 26 16)
sin 16
60 sin 16
y
sin 10
95.2399
x
sin 26
y
x 95.2399 sin 26
pp.279 281
p.279
1.
Lines
Plane of triangle
Angle
(a)
AF and DF
ADF
AFD
(b)
AC and CH
ACH
ACH
(c)
AG and EG
AEG
AGE
(d)
BH and FH
BFH
BHF
41.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The distance between Janes eyes and

the ground is 41.8 m.
2.
Lines
Plane of triangle
Angle
(a)
VA and AC
VAC
VAC
(b)
VA and VC
VAC
AVC
(c)
VM and MB
VBM
VMB
(d)
VM and AC
VAC
VMC / VMA
(b)
Let a m be the distance between the lorry and the

building.
a
95.2399
a 95.2399 cos 26
85.6011
cos 26
p.280
Plane
Projection
Angle
(a)
EFGH
EG
AGE
(b)
AEHD
AH
GAH
(c)
DCGH
DG
AGD
The distance between the car and

the building
(60 + 85.6011) m
145.6 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)
16.3 (a)
APB 145 20
p.274
125
p.281
By cosine formula,
Plane
Line of
intersection
Angle
ABFE and EFGH
EF
BFG / AEH
(b) ABCD and BCHE
BC
ABE / DCH
(c)
CDEF and EFGH
EF
CFG / DEH
Plane
Line of
intersection
Angle
(a)
VCD and ABCD
CD
VPQ
(b)
VBD and ABCD
BD
VMA / VMC
(c)
VBC and VCD
VC
BND
1.
(a)
2.
AB 2 500 2 8002 2(500)(800) cos125

AB 1161 .4048 m
1161 .4 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)
ship B is 1161.4 m.
(b)
By sine formula,
800
1161 .4048
sin PAB
sin 125
800 sin 125
sin PAB
1161 .4048
pp.271 297
16.1
The height of the light house BC

(16sin34 + 19sin40) m
The distance between ship A and
PAB 34.4 (cor. to 1 d. p.)
Since ship A is 020 from the port, the true

bearing of ship B from ship A
= 180 34.4 + 20
p.271
165.6
(cor. to 1 d. p.)
21.2 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)
215
Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co.
16
New Progress in Senior Mathematics 5 (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide
16.4 (a)
In FGH,
p.283
FH FG GH
2
By cosine formula,
(Pyth. theorem)
15 2 8 2 cm 17 cm
FH
cos MVN
In DFH,
DF 2 FH 2 DH 2
DF
(Pyth. theorem)
17 2 6 2 cm
325 cm
13 cm
VM 2 VN 2 MN 2
2(VM )(VN )
( 2 3 ) 2 (2 3 ) 2 2 2
2( 2 3 )(2 3 )
20
24
MVN 33.6 (cor. to 3 sig.
(b)
DFH is the angle between the lines
(i)
fig.)
DF and FH.
In DFH,
VN is 33.6.
DH
sin DFH
DF
6
5 13
16.6 (a)
Since FG is the projection of BG on the p.286

plane EFGH, BGF is the required angle.
BF
FG
6
In BGF, tanBGF
DFH 19.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the lines VM and
The angle between the lines DF

and FH is 19.4.
BGF 33.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(ii)
DFE is the angle between the lines DF
The angle between the line BG and the
and EF.
In DEF,
plane EFGH is 33.7.
cos DFE
EF
DF
8
(b)
In EFG,
EG 2 EF 2 FG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
52 92
106
5 13
DFE 63.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
EG
The angle between the lines DF
Since EG is the projection of AG on the plane

EFGH, AGE is the required angle.
and EF is 63.7.
16.5 (a)
VM is the distance between the point V
106 cm
In AEG, tanAGE
p.285
and the line AB.

In AVM,
AV 2 AM 2 VM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
(b)
plane EFGH is 30.2.
12 cm
16.7 (a)
100 cm
10 cm
AR
In MNB,
2 2 2 2 2( 2)(2) cos 60 cm
4 cm
2 cm
MVN is the angle between the lines VM
and VN.
p.287
AR AC CR
82 6 2
100
VN VM 2 3 cm
In ARC,
2
The distance between V and

the line AB is 2 3 cm.
MN
The angle between the line AG and the
4 2 2 2 cm
2 3 cm
106
AGE 30.2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
4 2 2 2 VM 2
VM
AE
EG
6
216
(Pyth. theorem)
Trigonometry (3)
(b)
In VPM,
Since PR is the projection of AR on the plane

BCFE, ARP is the required angle.
PR 2 PC 2 CR 2 (Pyth. theorem)
42 62
52
In APR,
VMP 62.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
52
cos ARP
10
The angle between the plane VCD and

the base ABCD is 62.1.
ARP 43.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The angle between the line AR and
16.9 (a)
the plane BCFE is 43.9.

16.8 (a)
Let P be the projection of V on the plane
p.288
(b)
1
1
PD
BD
(30) cm 15 cm
2
2
In VPD, VP 2 VB 2 PD 2
20 cm
sin GBP
The distance between V and the plane

ABCD is 20 cm.
(b)
40
60 2
4000 m
GP 20 m 10 m
2
400 cm
P.290
Let P be the mid-point of CE.

GBP is the required angle.
BG
25 2 15 2 cm
VP
DCE is the required angle.
20
1
sin DCE
40
2
DCE 30
ABCD.
Then BP PD.
450
2
1025
2
52 cm
PR
PM
VM
cos VMP
In PCR,
10
4000
GBP 9.10 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
Let M be the mid-point of DC.

In BCD,
30 2 BC 2 CD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2CD 2 30 2
CD 2 450
CD
(c)
450 cm
FQ PG
450
cm
2
CM MD
10 m
In VMD,
AQ (20 10) m
25 2 VM 2 MD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
25 2 VM 2
VM 2
VM
450
2
10 m
AG
1025
2
4000 m
AGQ is the required angle.
1025
cm
2
PM MD
40
60 2
sin AGQ
10
4000
AGQ 9.10 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
450
cm
2
(d)
The results in (b) and (c) are less than the

inclination of the line of greatest slope.
217
16
16.10 (a)
AB CD
1625 m
p.296
(c)
In TAB,
TA
AB
10.7217
13.3093
1
1
AP
AD
(80) m 40 m
2
2
tan TBA
In ABP,
BP 2 AB 2 AP 2
(Pyth. theorem)
( 1625 ) 40 2
3225
2
TBA 38.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle of elevation of T from B is 38.9.

pp.271 296
3225 m
BP
56.8 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b)
Example 16.1T
The distance that the girl runs is 56.8 m.
TAB 35 20
Let Q be the mid-point of EF.
15
The projection of BP on the ground EBCF
TBA 90 + 20 (ext. of )
is BQ.
In EBQ,
110
By sine formula,
EQ
EB
40
40
tan EBQ
AT
3m
sin 110 sin15

3 sin 110
AT
m
sin 15
EBQ 45
16.11 (a)
p.271
The compass bearing of her path is N45E.
BAC 180 40 35 ( sum of )
Example 16.2T
p.297
p.272
105
By sine formula,
AC
20 m
sin 35 sin105
20 sin 35
AC
m
sin 105
(a)
ACB 14 6 8
CAB 6 (alt. s, // lines)
By sine formula,
AB
20 m
sin 40 sin105
20 sin 40
AB
m
sin 105
BC
25 m
sin 6 sin8
25 sin 6
BC
m
sin 8
18.7767 m
(b)
CBD 14 (alt. s, // lines)
In TAC,
CD
18.7767
CD 4.5425 m
CT 2 TA 2 AC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
sin 14
16 2 TA 2 11 .9 2
TA 2 114 .9559
TA 10.7217 m
The height of the pole is 10.7 m.
The height of the platform

(4.5425 1.7) m
3 m (cor. to the nearest m)
218
Trigonometry (3)
(b)
BD
BC
BD
cos14
18.7767
Example 16.4T
cos14
(a)
In EFG,
32 6 2 cm
EG
BD 18.2190 m
45 cm
18 m (cor. to the nearest m)
p.282
In AEG,
Boy B is 18 m from the near end of the pool.
AG 2 AE 2 EG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
Example 16.3T
p.274
4 2 ( 45 ) 2 cm
AG
(b)
61 cm
FAG is the angle between the lines AG and AF.

In AFG,
sin FAG
(a)
FG
AG
6
61
FAG 50.2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
PE 12 60 5 3600 m
PF 10 60 5 3000 m
The angle between the lines AG and AF is 50.2.
FPE 220 150 70

Example 16.5T
By cosine formula,
FE 2 3600 2 30002 2 3600 3000 cos 70

14 572 364.9
FE 3817.3767 m
(a)
10
cm 5 cm
2
VD 2 VP 2 PD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
15 2 VP 2 5 2
VP 2 200
a 180 150 30
b 30
PD PC
In VPD,
3817.4 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)
(b)
p.284
VP
(alt. s, // lines)
200 cm
10
By sine formula,
2 cm
In BCP,
3000 3817.3767
sin E
sin 70
3000 sin 70
sin E
3817.3767
0.7385
BP 2 BC 2 CP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
BP
12 2 5 2 cm
169 cm
13 cm
E 47.6026
True bearing 360 47.6026 30
282.4 (cor. to 1 d. p.)
(c)
Time taken 3817.3767 (12 + 10) s

173.5 s (cor. to 1 d. p.)
2 min 53.5 s
219
16
(b)
(i)
BVD is the angle between the lines VB and VD.
(b)
In BCD,
Since BF is the projection of BD on the plane EBCF,

DBF is the required angle.
BD 2 BC 2 CD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
BD
12 10
2
sinDBF
cm
244 cm
DF
BD
5.74
356
In BVD,
DBF 17.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
by cosine formula,
15 15 ( 244 )
2(15)(15)
206
450
2
cos BVD
Example 16.7T
(a)
BVD 62.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the lines VB and VD
In CEF,
CE 2 EF 2 CF 2 (Pyth. theorem)
CE
BPV is the angle between the lines VP and BP.
AE
CE
6
17
tanACE
by cosine formula,
cos BPV
132 (10 2 ) 2 152

2(13)(10 2 )
144
ACE 19.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
260 2
BPV 66.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the line AC and the plane

BCFE is 19.4.
The angle between the lines VP and BP

is 66.9.
(b)
Example 16.6T
(a)
15 2 8 2 cm 17 cm
In ACE,
In BVP,
p.286
Since EC is the projection of AC on the plane BCFE,

ACE is the required angle.
is 62.8.
(ii)
The angle between the line BD and the plane

EBCF is 17.7.
Since EP is the projection of AP on the plane BCFE,

APE is the required angle.
In BEP,
p.285
EP 2 BE 2 BP 2
In ABD,
BD 2 AB 2 AD 2
BD
10 16
2
15
(Pyth. theorem)
EP 8 2
cm
356 cm
cm
120.25 cm
In AEP,
18.9 cm (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
tanAPE
In CDF,
DF
DC
DF
sin 35
10 cm
DF 10 sin 35 cm
sin DCF
AE
EP
6
120.25
APE 28.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the line AP and the plane

BCFE is 28.7.
(Pyth. theorem)
220
Trigonometry (3)
Example 16.8T
(a)
p.288
(c)
ABC ACB (base s, isos. )
CD is the line of greatest slope of the plane ABCD.

DCE is the required angle.
tanDCE
180 90
( sum of )
2
5
DCE 21.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
45
In ABM,
The inclination of the line of greatest slope of the

plane ABCD is 21.8.
AM
4
AM 4 sin 45 cm
sin 45
2
2
Example 16.10T
cm
(a)
p.295
Since EC is the projection of AC on the ground EBCF,

ACE is the required angle.
In CDF,
2 2 cm
10
CD
10
CD
m
sin 8
71.8530 m
sin 8
(b)
VMA is the angle between the planes ABC and VBC.

In AVM,
tan VMA
5
2 2
In ACD,
VMA 60.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
AC 2 AD 2 CD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
The angle between the planes ABC and VBC
AC
is 60.5.
96.8909 m
Example 16.9T
(a)
In ACE,
p.290
sin ACE
Let P be the mid-point of EF.

NBP is the required angle.
(b)
The projection of AC on the ground EBCF is EC.

In CDF,
10
CF
10
CF
m
tan 8
5 2 5 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
tan8
50 cm
tanNBP
71.1537 m
50
EF AD 65 m
0.2828
tanECF
NBP 15.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b)
The inclination of his path with the ground

EBCF is 5.92.
NP 2 cm
10
96.8909
1
FP FE
2
1
5 2 cm
2
5 cm
BP
65 2 71.8530 2 m
65
71.1537
ECF 42.4122
NCP is the required angle.
Since BNP CNP (RHS),
NCP NBP
The compass bearing of Erics path from C

is N42.4W.
221
16
Example 16.11T
(a)
p.296
In VAP,
90 m
PA
90 m
PA
tan15
tan15
2.
tan20
335.8846 m
h 140tan20 m
336 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b)
h
140 m
50.9558 m
tan
PAQ 50 + 65 115 (alt. s, // lines)

By cosine formula,
50.9558
140 50
0.5662
QP 2 PA 2 QA 2 2( PA )(QA) cos115
800 2 335.8846 2 QA 2 2(335.8846)(QA) cos115

3.
(a)
Let h m be the height of the building.
h
30
h 30 tan 25
tan 25
QA 2 283.9019(QA) 527181.5355 0
By quadratic formula,
QA 597.8677 m or 881.7696 m (rejected)
(c)
In VAQ,
(b)
Let be the required angle.
90
tanVQA
597.8677
tan
The angle of elevation of V from Q is 8.56.
16.1
2 14.0
30
VQA 8.5607
The height of the building is 14.0 m.
The angle of elevation of the top of the

antenna from Bonnie is 28.1.
pp.274 279
p.274
4.
a 58 43 (ext. of )
15
By sine formula,
1.
tan25
500 m
x
sin15 sin 43
500 sin 43
x
m
sin 15
1317.5197 m
h
sin 58
1317.5197 m
h 1117 .3200 m
h
40 m
h 40tan25 m
The height of the lamppost
(40tan25 + 1.8) m
222
The balloon is 1120 m above the ground.
Trigonometry (3)
(b) Let x and y be the distances of the bike and the
bottom of the slide from the ladder respectively.
h
x
3m
x
3
x
m
tan 12
14.1139 m
y
cos30
6m
y 6 cos 30 m
5.1962 m
x y (14.1139 5.1962) m
8.9177 m
tan 12
5.
Let h1 + h2 and h2 be the heights of the buildings
AB and CD respectively.
a 35 (alt. s, // lines)
h1
110 m
h1 110 sin 35 m
sin 35
h2
96 m
h2 96 sin 16 m
sin16
7.
The bike is 8.92 m from the bottom of the slide.

AOB 140 35 105
By cosine formula,
The height of the building AB
h1 h2
(110sin35 + 96sin16) m
AB
80 2 95 2 2(80)(95) cos105 m
19359.0495 m
8.
AOB 28 + 360 325 63

By sine formula,
AB
68 m
sin 63 sin38
68 sin 63
AB
m
sin 38
6.
(a)
Let h be the height of the slide.
h
6
h 6 sin 30
3m
sin 30
9.
(a)
AOB 310 215 95

By sine formula,
25
80
sin A sin 95
25 sin 95
sin A
80
0.3113
The height of the slide is 3 m.
A 18.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
223
BAO 18.1
16
12.
APB 90 55
35
By cosine formula,
AB 2 100 2 120 2 2 100 120 cos 35

4740.3509
AB
4740.3509 m
(b)
p.277
a 215 180
35
b a (alt. s, // lines)
35
13.
The compass bearing of B from A

= N(35 18.1)E
N16.9 E
10.
(a)
20 + BAC 30 (ext. of )
(cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
BAC 10
By sine formula,
BAO ABO (base s, isos. )
AC
20
sin 20 sin 10
20 sin 20
AC
m
sin 10
180 49 25
( sum of )
2
53
(b)
39.3923 m
The compass bearing of B from A

= S(25 + 53)W
In ACD,
S78 W
(c)
sin30
By cosine formula,
h
39.3923
h 39.3923sin30 m
AB OB OA 2(OB )(OA) cos 74

2
AB
12 2 12 2 2(12)(12) cos 74 m
11.
(a)
BAC 35 + 30 (alt. s, // lines)

65
(b)
By cosine formula,
BC 2 60 2 75 2 2 60 75 cos 65
5421.4356
BC
5421.4356
224
Trigonometry (3)
(b)
CAD 25 + 35
60
By sine formula,
AD
80
sin 65 sin 60
80 sin 65
AD
m
sin 60
83.7211 m
14.
ABC 30 (alt. s, // lines)
BAC 36 30
6
By sine formula,
(c)
AC
4
sin 30 sin 6
4 sin 30
AC
m
sin 6
ADB 35 (alt. s, // lines)
BD
83.7211
BD 83.7211 cos 35 m
cos 35
19.1335 m
In ACD,
ACD 36 (alt. s, // lines)
sin36
(d)
sin 35
h
19.1335
h 83.7211sin35 m
h 19.1335sin36
17.
15.
(a)
h
83.7211
(a)
Let be the inclination.

tan
By sine formula,
210
75
sin BTA sin 18

210 sin 18
sin BTA
75
0.8652
BTA 59.9110
90 59.9110 30.0890
1
8
7.1250
The inclination of AQ with the horizontal

is 7.13.
(b)
The angle of depression is 30.1.
+ 18 + 59.9110 + 90 180 ( sum of )

12.0890
12.1

(c)
In ABC,
AC
210
AC 210 sin 12.0890 m
sin 12.0890
43.9805 m
44.0 m (cor. to 3 sig.
fig.)
16.
(a)
ACD + 25 + 90 180 ( sum of )

ACD 65
225
16
(b)
PAR 20 7.1250 12.8750

Produce PR to meet AB at S.
PSB 30 (corr. s, // lines)
APS 30 20 (ext. of )
10
By sine formula,
PR
10
sin 12.8750 sin 10

10 sin 12.8750
PR
m
sin 10
12.8320 m
18.
(a)
a + 155 180 (adj. s on st. line)

a 25
PAB a (alt. s // lines)
fig.)
25
PRA 180 PAR APR ( sum of )

180 12.8750 10
157.125
(b)
AB 3 60 m
180 m
By sine formula,
AP
10
sin 157.125 sin 10

10 sin 157.125
AP
m
sin10
22.3856 m
By cosine formula,
PB 2 65 2 180 2 2 65 180 cos 25

15417.3978
PB 124 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
fig.)
19.
(a)
ALB 35 + 20 55
By cosine formula,
(c)
AQP = 90 +7.125 = 97.125 ext. of

In APQ,
AB 2 152 252 2 15 25 cos 55

419.8177
By sine formula,
AP
PQ
sin 97.125 sin 12.875

22.3856 sin 12.875
PQ
sin 97.125
5.0268
AB
419.8177 km
20.4895 km
20.5 km (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b)
Height of the pole
By sine formula,
15
20.4895
sin B
sin 55
15 sin 55
sin B
20.4895
0.5997
B 36.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(c)
ABL 36.8
20 + 36.8 56.8
The compass bearing of A from B is

N56.8W.
226
Trigonometry (3)
20.
(a)
Construct a perpendicular from P to line AB
(b)
at Q.
QPA 360 326

34
45
km
60
AB 28
21 km
(c)
a BAC 40 (alt. s, // lines)

ABC 135 40 95
BCA + 95 + 40 180 ( sum of )
BCA 45
By sine formula,
BC
21
sin 40 sin 45
21sin 40
BC
km
sin 45
BAP + 34 + 90 180 ( sum of )

BAP 56
(b)
19.0898 km
Time taken
APB 34 + 36 70
ABP + 70 + 56 180 ( sum of )
19.0898
60
28
40.91 minutes
ABP 54
41 minutes
By sine formula,
(cor. to the nearest minute)
AP
260
sin 54 sin 70
260 sin 54
AP
m
sin 70
223.8439 m
223.8 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)
(c)
22.
The shortest distance is PQ.
(a)
PQ
223.8439
PQ 223.8439 sin 56 m
sin 56
LAB 90 65 25
BLA + 28 + 90 + 25 180 ( sum of )
BLA 37
185.6 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)
By sine formula,
LB
6 .8
sin 25 sin 37
6.8 sin 25
LB
km
sin 37
4.7752 km
21.
4.78 km (cor. to 3 sig.
fig.)
(b)
LC is the shortest distance.

LBC 90 28
62
LC
4.7752
LC 4.7752 sin 62 km
sin 62
(a)
BAC 220 180

40
227
16
(c)
16.2
pp.290 295
Since DF is the line of greatest slope of the plane

ABCD and FC is the projection of DC on the
plane ABCD, DCF is the required angle.
DF
FC
6
p.290
1.
(a)
tanDCF
In ECH,
EC 2 EH 2 CH 2 (Pyth. theorem)
EC
4 2 10 2 cm
116 cm
DCF 36.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
In BCE,
BE 2 BC 2 EC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
BE
4 2 ( 116 ) 2 cm
of the plane ABCD is 36.9.
132
3.
cm
2
The inclination of the line of greatest slope
(a)
In ACD,
AC 2 AD 2 DC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
33 cm
AC
(b)
BED is the angle between the lines BE and
5 2 5 2 cm
50 cm
In ACG,
DE.
AG 2 AC 2 CG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
DE
In BED, cosBED
BE
10
2 33
( 50 ) 2 5 2 cm
AG
75 cm
3 cm
BED 29.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the lines BE and
(b)
DE is 29.5.
2.
(a)
AGE is the angle between the lines AG and AE.
AE
AG
5
5 3
cosAGE
In CDF,
CD 2 CF 2 DF 2 (Pyth. theorem)
CD
8 2 6 2 cm
100 cm
AGE 54.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
10 cm
In ACD,
54.7.
AC
4.
(a)
12 2 10 2 cm
In DEQ,
DE 2 DQ 2 EQ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
244 cm
The angle between the lines AG and AE is
10
61 cm
DQ
(b)
10 2 5 2 cm
ACE is the angle between the lines EC and
AC.
In ACE,
5 3 cm
AE
AC
6
2 61
sinACE
(b)
In ADQ,
AQ
10 2 (5 3 ) 2 cm
175 cm
5 7 cm
The angle between the lines EC and

AC is 22.6.
75 cm
AQ 2 AD 2 DQ 2 (Pyth. theorem)
10 2 DQ 2
228
Trigonometry (3)
(c)
DAQ is the angle between the lines AD and
BVD 59.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
AQ.
AD
10
AQ 5 7
cosDAQ
VD is 59.0.
DAQ 40.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the lines VB and
(c)
VAB and VCD has the greatest inclination of the

line of greatest slope.
The angle between the lines AD and

AQ is 40.9.
7.
5.
(a)
(a)
In GDH,
GD 2 DH 2 GH 2 (Pyth. theorem)
In ACD,
DC 2 AD 2 AC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
100 cm
10 cm
10 cm
AG 2 AD 2 GD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
EC BE BC (Pyth. theorem)
2
EC
8 6
2
AG
cm
15 2 10 2 cm
325 cm
5 13 cm
100 cm
10 cm
(b)
DCE is the angle between the lines DC
Since DG is the projection of AG on the plane

CDHG, AGD is the required angle.
and EC.
cosAGD
10 2 10 2 6 2
cosDCE
2(10)(10)
164
200
GD
AG
10
5 13
DCE 34.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
100 cm
In AGD,
In BCE,
(b)
8 2 6 2 cm
8 2 6 2 cm
DC
GD
The angle between the line AG and

the plane CDHG is 56.3.
The angle between the lines DC and

EC is 34.9.
8.
6.
(a)
(a)
In VMD,
VD 2 MD 2 VM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
In VDQ,
VD 2 VQ 2 QD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
VD
10
12
2
2
VM
cm
13 2
cm
160 cm
4 10 cm
169 cm
13 cm
(b)
(b)
In BCD,
PM
BD BC CD (Pyth. theorem)
2
BD
8 2 10 2 cm
Let P be the projection of V on the plane ABCD.
1
8
BC
cm 4 cm
2
2
VMP is the angle between the line VM and
164 cm
the plane ABCD.
BVD is the angle between the lines VB and
cosVMP
VD.
By cosine formula,
cosBVD
BV 2 VD 2 BD 2
2( BV )(VD )
PM
VM
4
4 10
132 132 ( 164 ) 2

2(13)(13)
174
338
The angle between the line VM and

the plane ABCD is 71.6.
229
16
9.
(a)
Let P be the projection of V on the plane ABCD.

VMP is the angle between the line VM and
(b)
Let X be the mid point of FH.

AXE is the required angle.
In EFG,
the base.
VP
tanVMP
PM
20
12
2
20
EG
The angle between the line VM and

the base is 73.3.
(b)
the base.
In ABC,
AC 2 AB 2 BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
200
cm
2
10 2
cm
2
AXE 54.7
16 2 12 2 cm
400 cm
20 cm
PC
5 2 cm
AE
tanAXE
EX
10
5 2
VCP is the angle between the line VC and
AC
200 cm
1
EX EG
2
10 2 10 2 cm
The angle between the planes AFH and

EFGH is 54.7.
1
20
cm 10 cm
AC
2
2
11.
(a)
ACB is the required angle.

By cosine formula,
In VCP,
VP
PC
20
10
tanVCP
82 6 2 82
2(8)(6)
3
VCP 63.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the line VC and
ACB 68.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
the base is 63.4.

10.
(a)
(b)
and EFGH.
AH
10 2 10 2 cm
Let X be the mid-point of BC and Y be the

mid-point of EF.
DXY is the required angle.
(Pyth. theorem)
In DYF,
200 cm
DF 2 DY 2 YF 2
EH
cosAHE
AH
10
200
DY
(Pyth. theorem)
82
cm
55 cm
XY AD 12 cm
AHE 45
The angle between the planes ACFD

and BCFE is 68.0.
AHE is the angle between the planes ABGH
AH 2 AD 2 DH 2
AC 2 BC 2 AB 2
2( AC )( BC )
cos ACB
The angle between the planes ABGH
tanDXY
and EFGH is 45.
DY
55
XY
12
DXY 31.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the planes DBC and

BCFE is 31.7.
230
Trigonometry (3)
In ABT,
12.
(a)
4m
AB
4
AB
m
tan 30
4
m
1
Let X be the mid-point of BC and P be the
tan 30
projection of A on the plane BCD.

AXP is the required angle.
In ABX,
AB 2 AX 2 BX 2
AX
8
8
4
2
(Pyth. theorem)
cm
48 cm 4 3 cm
4 3m
In ABC, by cosine formula,
DX AX 4 3 cm
In AXD, by cosine formula,
BC 2 AB 2 AC 2 2( AB )( AC ) cos BAC
AX 2 DX 2 AD 2
2( AX )( DX )
cosAXD
BC
( 4 3 ) 2 ( 4 3 ) 2 82
2( 4 3 )(4 3 )
( 4 3 ) 2 4 2 2( 4 3 )( 4) cos100 m
73.6246 m
8.5805 m
32
96
AXD 70.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the planes ABC and

BCD is 70.5.
(b)
The angle between the planes ABC and ACD

equals the angle between the planes ABC and
BCD.
The required angle is 70.5.

p.293
13.
(a)
In ACT,
4m
AC
4
AC
m
tan 45
4m
tan 45
231
16
(b)
BTC is the angle between the lines BT and CT.
14.
(a)
In ABT,
AT
BT
4m
sin 30
BT
4
BT
m
sin 30
8m
In BVC, by cosine formula,
sin 30
cos BCV
sin 45
CT
BC 2 CV BV 2
2( BC )(CV )
12 2 20 2 20 2
2(12)(20)
3
10
BCV 72.5424
In ACT,
sin 45
BP is the distance between B and the line VC.

BV VC VD 20 cm
AT
CT
4m
CT
4
m
sin 45
4
m
2
2
8
m
2
In BCP,
BP
BC
BP
sin 72.5424
12 cm
BP 12 sin 72.5424
sin BCV
11.4473 cm
The distance between B and the line VC

is 11.4 cm.
In BCT,
(b)
by cosine formula,
cos BTC
BT CT BC
2( BT )(CT )
2
2(8)
0.2472
In BCD,
BD 2 BC 2 CD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
8.5805
BD
12 2 12 2 cm
288 cm 12 2 cm
In BPD,
by cosine formula,
BTC 75.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
BPD is the required angle.

PD BP 11.4 cm
cos BPD
The angle between the lines BT and

CT is 75.7.
BP 2 PD 2 BD 2
2( BP )( PD)
(11.4473) 2 (11.4473)2 (12 2 ) 2
2(11.4473)(11.4473)
BPD 95.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the planes VBC and

VCD is 95.7.
232
Trigonometry (3)
15.
(a)
(b)
Let X be the projection of D on the plane AEFB.

Then DX BF and X is on BF.
DX is the required distance.
In BDX,
AC BC
ACG BCG
(prop. of isos )
DX
sin 40
18
DX 18 sin 40 cm
11.5702 cm
In ACG,
CG
8
CG 8 cos 25 cm
7.2505 cm
cos 25
7.25 cm (cor. to 3 sig.
The distance between D and the plane

AEFB is 11.6 cm.
(b)
50
25
2
fig.)
In BDF, by cosine formula,

(c)
DF BD BF 2( BD)( BF ) cos DBF

2
Since CG is the projection of VG on the plane

ABC, VGC is the required angle.
VC
CG
6
7.25
tan VGC
DF
18 2 18 2 2(18)(18) cos 40 cm
151.6032 cm
12.3127 cm
VGC 39.6 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
12.3 cm
The angle between the line VG and the

plane ABC is 39.6.
(c)
The inclination of the line of greatest

slope of the plane VAB is 39.6.
Let M be the mid-point of DF.

AMB is the angle between the planes ADF
and BDF.
In BDM,
17.
BD BM DM
2
BM
12.3127
182
KGE is the required angle.

EG
(Pyth. theorem)
4 2 5 2 cm
tan KGE
cm
41 cm
10
41
KGE 57.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
286.0994 cm
16.9145 cm
(b)
In ABM,
AB
BM
28
16.9145
tan AMB
Let P be the projection of K on BF.

PB (15 10) cm 5 cm
PC
5 2 5 2 cm
50 cm
KCP is the required angle.

In KCP,
tanKCP
AMB 58.9 (cor. to 3 sig.
fig.)
(a)
4
50
KCP 29.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the planes ADF and

BDF is 58.9.
16.
(a)
In ABC,
by cosine formula,
AB
AC 2 BC 2 2( AC )( BC ) cos 50 cm
8 2 8 2 2(8)(8) cos 50 cm
233
16
18.
In ACB, by sine formula,
Let M be the mid-point of AB.

VMN is the required angle.
AB
27.1892 cm
sin 35
sin45
27.1892 sin 35
AB
cm
sin 45
22.0548 cm
1
1
MN BC AB
2
2
VN
tan VMN
MN
AB
1
AB
2
2
In ABV,
AV 2 AB 2 BV 2 (Pyth. theorem)
AV
25.4393 cm
25.4 cm
(cor. to 3 sig.
VMN 63.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The inclination of the line of greatest slope of the
fig.)
plane VAB is 63.4.

19.
(a)
(c)
BC is the required distance.

In BCV,
AVC is the required angle.

In AVC,
by cosine formula,
BC
30
BC 30 cos 25 cm
27.1892 cm
cos 25
cos AVC
22.0548 2 12.6785 2 cm
The distance between C and the line VB is
AV 2 VC 2 AC 2
2( AV )(VC )
25.43932 302 37.8672 2
2( 25.4393)(30)
AVC 85.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
27.2 cm.
The angle between the lines AV and CV

is 85.7
(b)
BAC 180 100 35 (s sum of )

45
20.
(a)
By sine formula,
EG 2 EH 2 HG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
BC
AC
sin 45 sin 100

27.1892 sin 100
AC
cm
sin 45
37.8672 cm
EG
5 2 10 2 cm
125 cm
(b)
In BEF,
EB 2 EF 2 BF 2
In BCV,
EB
BV
30
BV 30 sin 25 cm
12.6785 cm
sin 25
In EGH,
(Pyth. theorem)
10 10 cm
2
200 cm
234
Trigonometry (3)
(c)
BEG is the required angle.
21.
(a)
In ABF,
In BFG,
BG BF FG
2
BG
AF 2 AB 2 BF 2
(Pyth. theorem)
10 5 cm
2
AF
125 cm
( 200 ) 2 ( 125 ) 2 ( 125 ) 2
AH
2( 200 )( 125 )
200
16 2 10 2 cm
FH
125
By Herons formula,
area of BEG
(18.2514 200 )(18.2514 125)
3750
292
292 cm
cm
By Herons formula,
area of AFH
For BEG,
18.2514(18.2514 125 )
16 2 6 2 cm
136 356
2
23.8089 cm
200 125
cm
2
18.2514 cm
(Pyth. theorem)
356 cm
The angle between the lines EG and EB
136 cm
FH 2 FG 2 GH 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 25 000
is 50.8.
(d)
cm
In FGH,
BEG 50.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(Pyth. theorem)
AH 2 AD 2 DH 2
cosBEG
In ADH,
In BEG, by cosine formula,
6 10
2
23.8089( 23.8089 136 )(23.8089 356 )

(23.8089 292 )
97.9991 cm 2
98.0 cm 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b)
cm 2
Draw AI FH where I is on FH.

Area of AFH 97.9991 cm 2
1
( FH )( AI ) 97.9991 cm 2
2
97.9991 2
AI
m
292
11.4699 m
cm 2
Consider the area of EFH.
1
1
( EF )( EH ) ( EI )( FH )
2
2
(6)(16) ( EI )( 292 )
EI 5.6180 m
In AEI,
EI
AI
5.6180
11.4699
0.4898
cos AIE
AIE 60.6723
The angle between the planes AFH

and EFGH is 60.7.
235
cm 2
16
22.
(a)
In AFE,
AF AE EF
2
AF
(c)
(Pyth. theorem)
8 2 8 2 cm
AF = AH =
AM
128 cm
128 cm
1
AH
2
4 cm
FMN is the required angle.
128
cm
2
1
GH (mid-point theorem)
2
1
(8) cm
2
NM
In FNM, by cosine formula,
8 2
cm
2
cos FMN
4 2 cm
AFH is an isos.
AMF 90 (prop. of isos. )
In AFM,
AF 2 AM 2 FM 2
FM
(b)
(Pyth. theorem)
96 cm
6 cm
(4 6 ) 2 4 2 ( 4 3 ) 2
2( 4 6 )(4)
64
32 6
FMN 35.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
( 128 ) 2 ( 4 2 ) 2 cm
FM 2 NM 2 FN 2
2( FM )( NM )
The angle between the planes AFH and

AGH is 35.3.
AMN AHG 90 (given)
16.3
pp.297 301
NM // GH (corr. s equal)
p.297
AM MH (given)
AN NG (intercept theorem)
AG
NG
1.
(a)
In ACT,
8 2 ( 128 ) 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
AT
AC
60
750
tanACT
192 cm
1
AG
2
ACT 4.57 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
192
cm
2
tower from C is 4.57.
8 3
cm
2
(b)
4 3 cm
FN NG 4
3 cm
BC
By cosine formula,
AB 2 AC 2 2( AB )( AC ) cos100 m
850 2 750 2 2(850)(750) cos100 m
1506401 m
The distance between the two yachts is

1230 m.
236
Trigonometry (3)
2.
(a)
In ABP,
3.
15 m
tan 20
AB
15
AB
m
tan 20
41.2122 m
ACT 18 (alt. s, // lines)

In ACT,
TA
AC
18
AC
m
tan 18
55.3983 m
tan 18
In ABC,
ABT 26 (alt. s, // lines)
AB
BC
41.2122
BC
m
cos 25
cos 25
In ABT,
18
AB
18
AB
m
tan 26
36.9055 m
tan 26
(b)
In ABC,
In ABC,
AC
AB
AC
tan 25
41.2122
AC 41.2122 tan 25 m
tan 25
AB
AC
36.9055
55.3983
ACB 33.6709
tan ACB
19.2176 m
In ACP,
PA
AC
15
19.2176
tan ACP
326 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

4.
(a)
In ABT,
h
BA
h
BA
m
tan 30
h
m
1
ACP 38.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The true bearing of B from C

360 33.6709
tan 30
The angle of elevation of P from C is

38.0.
3
3h m
In ACT,
h
CA
h
CA
m
tan 45
h
m
1
hm
tan 45
237
16
(b)
In ABC,
6.
(a)
In CDF,
DF
DC
50
sin 12
DC
50
DC
m
sin 12
240.4867 m
BA
tan ACB
CA
3h
h
sin 12
ACB 60
The compass bearing of B from C is
In BCD,
N60W.
(c)
CD
BD
240.4867
BD
240.4867
BD
m
cos 25
265.3477 m
cos 25
In ABC,
BC 2 BA 2 CA 2 (Pyth. theorem)
50 2 ( 3h) 2 h 2
50 2 3h 2 h 2
4h 2 2500
h 2 625
h 25 (rejected) or 25
5.
In ABP,
(b)
10
AB
10
AB
m
tan 25
21.4451 m
tan 25
Bobby runs 265 m.
Projection of BD on the ground BCFE is BF.

In CDF,
DF
FC
50
FC
50
FC
m
tan 12
235.2315 m
tan 12
In ACP,
10
AC
10
AC
m
tan 30
17.3205 m
tan 30
In BDF,
BD 2 BF 2 DF 2
BF 265.3477 50 2 m
260.5943 m
BAC 53 + 62 (alt. s, // lines)

115
BE
BF
235.2315
260.5943
sin BFE
By cosine formula,
BC
AB 2 AC 2 2( AC )( AB ) cos115 m
(21.4451) (17.3205)
2(17.3205)(21.4451) cos115
2
(Pyth. theorem)
2
BFE 64.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
N(90 64.5)E N25.5E.
1073.8466 m
Bobby runs in the direction of
238
Trigonometry (3)
7.
(a)
8.
Let M be the mid-point of BC.

In BPM,
BP PM BM
2
BP
(a)
DF
FC
9
40
tan DCF
(Pyth. theorem)
300
200 2
DCF 12.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
62500 m
250 m
(b)
The angle between the plane ABCD and

the plane EBCF is 12.7.
Amy runs 250 m.

(b)
Let N be the mid-point of EF.

BN is the projection of BP on the ground EBCF.
PBN is the required angle.
The shortest distance is AC.

In CDF,
CD 2 DF 2 CF 2 (Pyth. theorem)
In ABE,
CD
1
tan ABE
9
ABE 6.3402
AE
sin ABE
200
AE 200 sin 6.3402 m
9 2 40 2 cm
1681 cm 41 cm
In ACD,
AC
60 2 412 cm
5281 cm
72.6705 cm
22.0863 m
The shortest time taken by the ant
PN AE 22.0863 m
PN
PB
22.0863
250
sin PBN
72.6705
s
0.5
145 s
(c)
PBN 5.07 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
In DCF,
EC is the projection of AC on the plane EBCF.

In ACE,
AE
AC
9
72.6705
The inclination of Amys route with the
sin ACE
ground is 5.07.
9.
239
The inclination of the route in (b) is 7.11.
(a)
16
(b)
In ABT,
(b)
In BST,
TS
BS
250 m
BS
250 m
BS
tan32
AT
tan 26
AB
48
AB
m
tan 26
98.4146 m
tan 32
In ABC,
ACB 180 75 50 ( sum of )
55
Reporter B is closer to ship S.
By sine formula,
AB
BC
sin 55 sin 75
98.4146 sin 75
BC
sin 55
116 .0483 m
(c)
In AST,
TS
AT
250 m
AT
sin25
591.5504 m
sin 25
In BST,
(c)
TS
BT
250 m
BT
sin32
471.7699 m
By sine formula,
sin 32
AC
BC
sin 50 sin 75
116 sin 50
AC
m
sin 75
92.0341 m
AT
tan ACT
AC
48
92.0341
ACT 27.5
In ABT,
by cosine formula,
AB
AT 2 BT 2 2( AT )( BT ) cos 80 m
591.5504 2 471.7680 2
m
2(591.5504)(471.7680) cos 80
The angle of elevation of T from C is

27.5.
p.299
10.
(a)
In AST,
The distance between the two reporters is

690 m.
TS
AS
250 m
AS
250 m
AS
tan25
tan 25
11.
(a)
Draw E on AB such that CE AB.

AE (8 3) m 5 m
In ACE,
AC 2 AE 2 EC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
EC 132 5 2 m
144 m
12 cm
BD 12 m
C D 3 m
240
Trigonometry (3)
In
BC D
(b)
By sine formula,
TC
BC
sin TBC
sin 50
176.7767
135.5686
sin TBC
sin 50
176.7767 sin 50
sin TBC
135.5686
TBC 87.3063
by cosine formula,
BC
BD 2 C D 2 2( BD )(C D ) cos 80 m
12 2 3 2 2(12)(3) cos 80 m
11 .8532 m
11 .9 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b)
In

In BTM,
ABC
AB
BC
8
11.8532
tan AC B
by cosine formula,
MT MB 2 TB 2 2( MB)(TB ) cos TBC
The angle of elevation of A from C is
34.0.
(c)
(a)
BC
C D
sin 80 sin C BD
11.8532
3
sin 80 sin C BD
3 sin 80
sin C BD
11.8532
C BD 14.4332
The compass bearing of C from B is
The gradient of the route TC is 1 : 7
1
tanTCP
7
(c)
The required length is 135 m.
In TPM,
TP
MT
25
135.0191
sin TMP
TMP 10.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
135.5686
2
(120) cos 87.3063
S(90 14.4332)E S75.6E.

12.
135.0191 m
By sine formula,
135.5686
1202
2
AC B 34.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The inclination of the route in (b) is

10.7.
TCP 8.1301
In TCP,
sin 8.1301
25
TC
25
m
sin 8.1301
176.7767 m
TC
In BCT,
by cosine formula,
BC
CT 2 BT 2 2(CT )( BT ) cos 50 m
176.7767 2 1202 2(176.7767)(120) cos 50 m
135.5686 m
241
16
13.
(a)
BAC 90 + 15 105
(c)
In AMP,
PA
AM
85
94.2548
In ABP,
tan AMP
PA
AB
85
AB
m
tan25
182.2831 m
tan 25
AMP 42.0 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
In ACP,
The angle of elevation of P from M is

42.0.
PA
tan 32
AC
85
AC
m
tan32
136.0284 m
14.
(a)

BM MC 4 cm
In APB,
AB 2 AP 2 PB 2
In ABC,
PB
by cosine formula,
(Pyth. theorem)
13 6 cm
2
133 cm
In PBM,
BC
AB 2 AC 2 2( AB )( AC ) cos BAC
PB 2 PM 2 BM 2
PM
(182.2831) (136.0284)
m
2(182.2831)(136.0284) cos105
2
AM BC
(b)
1
(8)( 117 ) cm 2
2
PM is the projection of AM on the desk AMP is

the required angle.
182.2831 136.0284 254.0985

m
2
tan AMP
286.205 m
Area of ABC
AP
PM
6
117
286.205(286.205 182.2831)
(286.205 136.0284)
117 cm
Consider the area of ABC.
( 133 ) 2 4 2 cm
Area of the shadow of the cardboard
254.0985 m
(b)
(Pyth. theorem)
The angle between the cardboard and

the desk is 29.0.
m2
(286.205 254.0985)
11975 m 2
1
( AM )( 254.0985)
2
2(11975)
AM
m
254.0985
94.2548 m
11975
15.
(a)
After 20 seconds,
AA (50 20) m 1000 m

BB (60 20) m 1200 m
AB (800 600) m 200 m
242
Trigonometry (3)
AB
( BB) 2 ( AB ) 2
1200 2 200 2 m
1 480 000 m
AB
( AA) 2 ( AB ) 2
(b)
BB C
2 480 000
167 m 2 (cor. to 3 sig.
fig.)
1575 m
(c)
(cor. to the nearest integer)
In
ABC
AB
BC
6
24.4352
AC B 13.8 (cor. to 3 sig.
from helicopter A.
200
1574.8016
0.1270
fig.)
tan AC B
Let be the angle of elevation of helicopter B

sin
1
(18.4661)
2
(10)sin115
1574.8016 m
(b)
2 Area of
2
1000 2 1 480 000 m
Area of the shadow
The angle of elevation of helicopter B
The angle of elevation of A from C is

13.8.
from helicopter A is 7.30.

(c)
AB BB 1200
AA 1000 m
In
17.
DQ
1200
1000
1.2
AAB 50.1944
tan AAB
8 cm
QDP 35 (base s, isos. )
DQ
PD
8
cm
PD
cos 35
9.7662 cm
cos35

The compass bearing of helicopter B
from helicopter A is N50.2E.
16.
(a)
tan18
DC AB 16 cm
1
DC (prop. of isos. )
2
16
cm
AAB ,
(a)
6
BB
tan35
6
m
tan 18
18.4661 m
BB
PQ
DQ
PQ 8tan35 cm
5.6017 cm
B C AD 10 m
BB C 90 + 25 115
By cosine formula,
BC
( BB) 2 ( BC ) 2 2( BB)( BC ) cos115
(18.4661) 10
m
2(18.4661)(10) cos 115
2
24.4352 m
243
16
(b)
APB is the required angle.

In BCP,
BP 2 PC 2 BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
BP
(9.7662) 2 16 2 cm
18.7451 cm
Similarly,
AP 18.7451 cm
By cosine formula,
cosAPB
AP 2 BP 2 AB 2
2( AP ( BP )
18.74512 18.74512 16 2
2(18.7451)(18.7451)
0.6357
APB 50.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle between the lines PA and PB is

50.5.
244
Trigonometry (3)
18.
(a)
(i)
(b)
By cosine formula,
8 12 10
2(8)(12)
108
192
cos ACB
(i)
EF (10 3) cm
7 cm
In AEF, by cosine formula,
AE 2 AF 2 EF 2 2( AF )( EF ) cos 30
ACB 55.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

AE
10 2 7 2 2(10)(7) cos 30 cm
BDC 180 30 55.8 ( sum of )
(ii)
27.7564 cm
5.2684 cm
94.2
By sine formula,
8 cm
CD
sin94.2 sin 30
8 sin 30
CD
cm
sin 94.2
(ii)
Let M be the mid-point of BF and N be the

mid-point of EC.
4.01 cm

(b)
3 2 32 3 2 cm
3
2 cm
2
AN AE 2 NE 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
4.8225 cm
AM 5 2 cm
DM AM 5 2 cm
3
2 cm
2
MN DM DN
7
2 cm
2
DN
The angle of elevation of C from A is

26.7.
ADC 120
By cosine formula,
AC
EC
AE 5.2684 cm (from (i))
CD
AD
4.01
7.99
CAD 26.7
tan CAD
(c)
10 2 10 2 10 2 cm
NE
AD (12 4.01) cm 7.99 cm
BF
By cosine formula,
AD 2 CD 2 2( AD )(CD ) cos120 cm
AM 2 MN 2 AN 2
2( AM )( MN )
AMN 42.9409
cos AMN
7.99 2 4.012 2(7.99)( 4.01) cos120
cm
= 42.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
19.
(a)
BCEF is 42.9.
Area of ABDF Area of BCEF + Area of CDE

+ Area of ABF
10 2 45.5
1
4.5 x 2
2
x2 9
The angle between planes ABF and
(c)
1
1
( x)( x) (10)(10)
2
2
(i)
Height of the pyramid

AMsinAMN
5 2 sin 42.9409 cm
4.8171 cm
Base area BCEF 45.5 cm 2
Volume of the pyramid
x 3 or 3(rejected)
1
(4.8171)(45.5) cm 3
3
245
16
(ii)
2.
Total surface area of the pyramid

2 Area of AEF + Area of ACE
APQ 26 (alt. s, // lines)

In ABP,
AB
BP
AB BP tan 26
+ Area of BCEF + Area of ABF
tan 26
2 (10 3)(10) sin 30

2
1
(4.8225)(3 2 ) cm 2
2
10
10
45.5
2
141 cm
2 BQ tan 26
In ABQ,
AB
BQ
2 BQ tan 26
BQ
2 tan 26
tan AQB
0.97547
AQB 44.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle of depression of Q from A is 44.3.
pp.306 317
3.
p.306
1.
In ACD,
DC
AC
195 m
AC
tan28
366.7417 m
PAQ 38 28
tan 28
10
APQ 180 90 38 ( sum of )
52
By sine formula,
In BCD,
AQ
20 m
sin 52 sin10
20 sin 52
AQ
m
sin10
90.7595 m
DC
BC
195 m
BC
tan16
680.0458 m
tan 16
In AQR,
(366.7417 + 680.0458 165 210) m
QR
AQ
QR 90.7595 sin 28 m
sin 28
The length of the tunnel
246
Trigonometry (3)
4.
(a)
BAP 48 34 (ext. of )
6.
14
Let P be a point which is due south of A.

BAP 180 148 (adj. s on st. line)
In ABP, by sine formula,
32
60 m
AP
sin14 sin 34
60 sin 34
AP
m
sin 14
138.6876 m
CAP 28 (alt. s, // lines)
58 m
76 m
sinACB sin60
58 sin 60
sin ACB
76
0.6609
In APC,
AC
AP
AC 138.6876 sin 48 m
103.0650 m
sin 48
ACB 41.3696
ABC 180 ACB CAB

180 41.3696 60
78.6304
The height of the building is 103 m.
(b)
CAB 32 + 28 60
In ABC, by sine formula,
The true bearing of C from B is

360 78.6304 32
In APC,
AC
PC
103.0650
PC
m
tan 48
92.8001 m
tan 48
7.
(a)
Suppose the store, park and Victors house

located at point S, P and V respectively.
Let T be a point which is due south of S.
VST 45 (alt. s, // lines)
QC PC 20 m
72.8001 m
PSV 260 45 180 35
AC
QC
103.0650
72.8001
1.4157
AQC 54.7645
By sine formula,
tan AQC
PS
920 m
sin 45 sin35
920 sin 45
PS
m
sin 35
1134.1788 m
The angle of elevation of A from Q is
the park is 1130 m.
54.8.
5.
The distance between the store and
(b)
AOB 40 + 90 + (90 70) 150
VPS 180 45 35 ( sum of )

100
In AOB, by cosine formula,
By sine formula,
AB
SV
920 m
sin 100 sin35

920 sin 100
SV
m
sin 35
1579.6031 m
OB 2 OA 2 2(OB )(OA) cos150 m
95 2 85 2 2(95)(85) cos150 m
30236.3103 m
The distance between the store and

Victors house is 1580 m.
8.
Since tan45 1, when the angle of elevation to the sun

is exactly 45, the length of the shadow is the same as
the height of the pole. It is the easiest to find the height
of the pole at that time.
247
16
9.
(a)
ASB 34 + 58 (alt. s, // lines)
(b)
92
(b)
AVC is the required angle.

In VNC,
tan NVC
SBA 90 58
458
2
15
0.7134
NVC 35.5027
AVC 2NVC
32
By sine formula,
SA
85
sin 32 sin 92
85 sin 32
SA
sin 92
45.0706 km
45.1 km
2 35.5027
(c)
NC
VN
Let C be a point on AB such that SC AB.
The angle between the lines VA and VC is

71.0.
In ACS,
SC
SA
SC 45.0706 cos 34 km
11.
cos 34
(a)
In ABP,
AP 2 AB 2 BP 2
AP
The shortest distance of the ship from the
(a)
PE 2 AP 2 AE 2
PE
(Pyth. theorem)
( 120.25 ) 2 9 2 cm
201.25 cm
17 2 13 2 cm
458 cm
1
AC
2
458 cm
NC
(b)
Let X be the mid-point of FG.

Since XE is the projection of PE on the plane
EFGH, PEX is the required angle.
PX 9 cm
In VNC,
sin PEX
VC 2 VN 2 NC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
VC
cm
In APE,
In ABC,
AC
82
120.25cm
coast line is 37.4 km.

10.
15
(Pyth. theorem)
15 2
458
2
PX
PE
9
cm
201.25
PEX 39.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
339.5 cm
The angle between the line PE and

the plane EFGH is 39.4.
12.
(a)
In PCD,
PD 2 CD 2 PC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
PD 5 2 12 2 m
13 m
In ADP,
PA 2 PD 2 AD 2
PA
13 8
233 m
(Pyth. theorem)
248
Trigonometry (3)
(b)
In ABP,
(b)
AB
sin APB
AP
5
233
0.3276
VA 10 cm
In AVM, by cosine formula,
cos VMA
APB 19.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The inclination of PA with the ground is
19.1.
13.
(a)
VMA is the required angle.

AM VM 5 3 cm
In ABE,
BE
AB
6m
AB
cos15
6.2117 m
cos15
2(5 3 )(5 3 )
50
150
ABC is 70.5.
15.
(a)
(5 3 ) 2 (5 3 ) 2 10 2
In ABC,
AC
VM 2 AM 2 VA 2
2(VM )( AM )
Since AB is the projection of VB on the plane

ABC, VBA is the required angle.
VA
BA
8
tan VBA
6.2117 2 15 2 m
263.5847 m
16.2 m
VBA 63.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

(b)
Since EC is the projection of AC on the base

BCFE, ACE is the required angle.
the plane ABC is 63.4.
In BCE,
EC 2 EB 2 BC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
EC
The angle between the line VB and
(b)
ABV ACV
6 2 15 2 m
261 m

VMA is the required angle.
In ACE,
cos ACE
In AMC,
EC
AC
AC 2 AM 2 MC 2 (Pyth.
261
VB VC
theorem)
263.5847
0.9951
AM
(a)
tan VMA
VM is the required distance.

In VBM,
VM
VA
AM
8
12
VB 2 VM 2 BM 2 (Pyth. theorem)
10
10
cm
In AVM,
12 cm
The angle between the line AC and

the base BCFE is 5.68.
14.
42

ABC is 66.6.
cm
75 cm
5 3 cm
The distance between V and the line BC is

5 3 cm.
249
16
The inclination of the path AC to the

horizontal is 8.59.
18.
(a)
CD 46 cm
In CDG, by cosine formula,
DG 2 CD 2 CG 2 2(CD )(CG ) cos 40

16.
(a)
DG
46 2 ( 46 46) 2 2( 46)(46 46) cos 40 cm
64.0016 cm
BAM 68 (alt. s, // lines)
AD 75 cm
CAM 42 (alt. s, // lines)
In ADG,
BAC 68 + 42 110
AG 2 AD 2 DG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
In ABC,
AG
ACB 180 42 110 ( sum of )
98.5961 cm
28
by sine formula,
AB
132 m
sin 28 sin110
132 sin 28
AB
m
sin 110
65.9474 m
(b)
Since DG is the projection of AG on the plane

CDHG, AGD is the required angle.
In AGD,
DG
AG
64.0016
98.6
AGD 49.5 (cor. to 3 sig.
cos AGD
(b)
In ABT,
TA
60
AB 65.9474
tan ABT
fig.)
ABT 42.3 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(a)
19.
tan DCF
The angle between the rod AG and

the plane CDHG is 49.5.
The angle of elevation of T from B is

42.3.
17.
(a)
In ABT,
TA
AB
58 m
AB
tan18
178.5056 m
1
5
tan 18
DCF 11.3099
DF
DC
60
sin 11.3099
DC
sin DCF
In ACT,
TA
AC
58 m
AC
tan24
130.2701 m
tan 24
60
sin 11.3099
305.9412 m
DC
In ACD,
AC
260 305.9412
2
AB
AC
sin ACB sin 35

178.5056 sin 35
sin ACB
130.2701
0.7860
161200 m
(b)
75 2 64.0016 2 cm
Since EC is the projection of AC on the ground

BCFE, ACE is the required angle.
sin ACE
AE
AC
ACB 51.8092
60
218.1908
The true bearing of B from C is

270 51.8092
161200
250
Trigonometry (3)
(b)
BAC 180 35 51.8092 ( sum of )

93.1908
In ABC, by cosine formula,
BC 2 AB 2 AC 2 2( AB )( AC ) cos BAC
BC
178.5056 2 130.27012
2(178.5056)(130.2701) cos 93.1908
20.
(a)
B P C P
In
B C P
12
cm 6 cm
2
, by cosine formula,
( B C ) 2 ( B P ) 2 (C P ) 2 2( B P )(C P ) cos100
B C
6 2 6 2 2(6)(6) cos100
cm
84.5027 cm
(b)
B C
Let M be the mid-point of
AMP is the required angle.

In APC,
AC 2 AP 2 PC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
AP
In
12
12 2
cm
108 cm
B MP ,
( B P) 2 PM 2 ( BM ) 2 (Pyth.
theorem)
PM
12
1
2
84.5027
cm
3.8567 cm
In AMP,
tan AMP
and
251
AP
PM
108
3.8567

The angle between the planes AB C
PB C is 69.6.
16
21.
(a)
In ACP,
(i)
p.310
AC
tan 30
PC
70 m
PC
tan30
70 m
22.
(a)
ACB 90 + 26 (ext. of )
116
BAC 42 26 16
AB
26 m
sin 116 sin16

26 sin 116
AB
m
sin 16
84.7804 m
3
70 3 m
(ii)
BE (140 70) m 70 m
In ABD,
In ABE,
BD
AB
BD 84.7804 sin 42
56.7292 m
sin 42
BE
tan 30
AE
70 m
AE
tan30
70 m
(b)
70 3 m
(iii)
CD 70
In ABD,
AD
AB
AD 84.7804 cos 42 m
63.0041 m
cos 42
3 m
In BDP,
BD
DP
140 m
DP
1
140 m
tan 45
(b)
(c)
Let
AA 5
58.0041 m
BD
A D
56.7292
58.0041
BAD 44.4 (cor. to 3 sig.
tan BAD
(70 3 ) 2 140 2 (70 3 ) 2
2(70 3 )(140)
0.57735
CPD 54.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
A be the new position of Betty.

AD AD AA
(63.0041 5) m
In CDP, by cosine formula,
cos CPD

The compass bearing of D from P is
fig.)
N54.7E.

board will be 44.4.
252
Trigonometry (3)
23.
(a)
TBC 36 (alt. s, // lines)
(b)
BOP 180 35 (adj. s on st. line)
TAC 58 (alt. s, // lines)
145
ATB 58 36 22
In OBP, by sine formula,
352
300
sin 145 sin OBP

300 sin 145
sin OBP
352
0.4888
In ATB, by sine formula,
60 m
AT
sin22 sin 36
60 sin 36
AT
sin 22
94.1444 m
OBP 29.2646
OPB 180 29.2646 145
In ACT,
( sum of )
TC
sin 58
AT
TC 94.1444 sin 58
79.8390 m
The compass bearing of B from P is

N5.74E.
(c)
ABP 145 + 5.74 150.74 (ext. of )

AB (15 1.1) m 16.5 m
(b)
In ABP, by cosine formula,
In TCB,
TC
tan 36
BC
79.8390 m
BC
tan36
109.8889 m
AP 2 AB 2 BP 2 2( AB )( BP) cos ABP

AP
Car B is 110 m from the bottom of the
BD 60 1000
m
60
60
100
m
3
25.
(a)
CD CB + BD
The original distance between David and

the bird is 366 m.
Let D be the new position of car B.
109.8889
134310.1728 m
building.
(c)
(16.5) 2 (352) 2 2(16.5)(352) cos150.74
100
m
3
QC 18
cm 12 cm
2
1
QB (18 12) cm 6 cm
In QB C ,
( B C ) 2 (QB ) 2 (QC ) 2 2(QB )(QC ) cos 35
143.2223 m
B C
TC 79.8390 m
6 2 12 2 2(6)(12) cos 35 cm
62.0421 cm
In TCD,
TC
CD
79.8390
143.2223
tan TDC
TDC 29.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle of depression of car B from

Danny after 2 seconds is 29.1.
24.
(a)
PB (320 1.1) m 352 m
253
16
(b)
In ABC,
(c)
AB AC BC
2
AB
sin 35
468 cm
B P BP
468
1
cm
2 1
3.4415 cm
468
cm
3
Since PD is the projection of
BP PQ BQ
2
PQ 2
468
3
B PD is the required angle.
(Pyth. theorem)
sin B PD
62
cm
4 cm
16
PC 2 PQ 2 QC 2 (Pyth. theorem)
4 2 12 2 cm
160 cm
fig.)
B PC is the required angle.

In B PC , by cosine formula,
( BP) PC ( B C )
2( BP)( PC )
cos BPC
26.
(a)
In BPQ,
PBQ 36 24 (ext. of )
12
By sine formula,
468
( 160 )
3
BQ
200 m
sin 24 sin12
200 sin 24
BQ
m
sin 12
391.2590 m
0.8220
B PC 34.7
PB and
the plane ABC is 28.5.
468
( 160 ) 2 ( 62.0421 ) 2
3
The angle between the line
BD
BP
3.4415
468
3
0.4772
B PD 28.5 (cor. to 3 sig.
In CPQ,
PC
PB on the plane
ABC,
In BPQ,
2
B on the plane ABC.
B D
QB
BD 6 sin 35 cm
12 2 18 2 cm
PQ
Let D be the projection of

In QB D ,
(Pyth. theorem)
The angle between the lines PC and

PB is 34.7.
In BQT,
BT
BQ
BT 391.2590 sin 36 m
sin 36
229.9763 m
AT BT BA
(229.9763 50) m
254
Trigonometry (3)
(b)
In BQT,
(b)
QT
cos 36
BQ
QT 391.2590 cos 36 m
In ACD,
sin
In BCD,
316.5352 m
1
Slope of QA
n
AT 1
QT n
sin
180
1
316.5352 n
180n 316.5352
h
sin
6
h
sin
9
h 9
6 h
3
2
3
sin sin
2
316.5352
180
1.7585
Draw RU AT where U is on AT, and
(c)
RV QT where V is on QT.
When 15 ,
3
sin 15
2
0.3882
sin
1
tanAQT
1.7585
22.8425
AQT 29.6254
UT RV
50sinAQT m
24.7164 m
sin 22.8
155.2836 m
AU
1
RU
1.7585
RU 1.7585AU
(d)
273.0662 m
In BCD,
BD
BC
BD 6 cos 22.8425 m
5.5295 m
cos
Let be the angle of elevation.
BU
RU
50 155.2836
273.0662
tan
In ACD,
27.
(a)
AD
For ABD,
8.6934 7 5.5295
m
2
10.6115 m
By Herons formula,
area of the plate
Area of the shadow of the plate
11(11 7 )(11 9)(11 6) m 2
9 2 ( 2.3292) 2 m 8.6934
796
m
2
11 m
h
6
h 6 sin 22.8425
2.3292
AU (180 24.7164) m
h
6
(c)
h
9
440 m 2
21.0 m
(cor. to 3 sig.
fig.)
10.6115(10.6115 8.6934)
(10.6115 7)(10.6115 5.5295)
m2
19.3 m 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
255
16
28.
(a)
BAC 90 + 15 105
(d)
In ABP,
PA
120 m
PA 120 tan 25 m
55.9569 m
1
BC
2
167.2773
m
2
83.6387 m
BQ QC
tan 25
ABC 180 105 43.8623 31.1377
In ACP,
In ABQ, by cosine formula,
PA
tan 32
AC
55.9569
AC
m
tan 32
89.5498 m
AQ
AB 2 BQ 2 2( AB )( BQ ) cos
120 2 83.6387 2
2(120)(83.6387) cos 31.137
64.9166 m
In PAQ,
Area of ABC
PA
AQ
55.9569
64.9166
0.86198
( AB )( AC ) sin 105 m 2
2
tan PQA
(120)(89.5498) sin 105 m 2

2
PQA 40.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
5190 m 2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(b)
By cosine formula,
BC 2 AB 2 AC 2 2( AB)( AC ) cos105
BC
120 2 89.5498 2
2(120)(89.5498) cos 105
27981.6932 m
167.2773 m
(c)
In ABC,
cos ACB
AC 2 CB 2 AB 2
2( AC )(CB )
89.5498 2 167.2773 2 120 2

2(89.5498)(167.2773)
0.7210
ACB 43.8623
The compass bearing of B from C

S(90 43.8623)W
S46.1 W (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
256
The angle of elevation of P from Q is

40.8.
Trigonometry (3)
29.
(a)
Let M and N be the mid-points of PQ and BC
(c)
respectively.
In ABN,
AM
1
AN 32 cm
2
MM
AB AN BN
2
(Pyth. theorem)
In
AN 12 2
11 cm
AMM ,
sin MAM
cm
128 cm
MN
Let
1
AN
2
128
cm
2
32 cm
(mid-point theorem)
1
2
the table is 35.9.

30.
(a)
AQB 310 235 75

PAQ 42 (alt. s, // lines)
PBQ 36 (alt. s, // lines)
cm
In APQ,
PQ
AQ
160 m
AQ
tan42
177.6980 m
tan 42
84
cm
2
MNM
MM
,
In BPQ,
MN 2 ( MN ) 2 (Pyth.
PQ
BQ
160 m
BQ
tan36
220.2211 m
theorem)
tan 36
(b)
(cor. to 3
The angle between the plane APQ and
21 cm
In
32
sig. fig.)
AB 2 BN 2
1
8
10 2
2
2
11
MAM 35.9
M be the projection of M on the table.

MN
MM
AM
( 32 ) 2 (
11 cm
The altitude of PQ above the table is

11 cm.
Let
In ABQ, by cosine formula,
P be the projection of P on the table.

P A BP
PA
In
21 ) 2 cm
AB 2 AQ 2 BQ 2 2( AQ )( BQ) cos 75
1
AB 5 cm
2
12
= 6 cm
2
AB
PP A ,
177.6980 2 220.22112
m
2(177.6980)(220.2211) cos 75
59817.26206 m
244.5757 m
P A
cos PA P
PA
5
6
PA P 33.6 (cor. to 3
sig. fig.)
The angle between the line AP and the

table is 33.6.
257
16
(b)
AQB 75
In MNV,
MV 2 MN 2 NV 2 (Pyth. theorem)
AQ 177.6980 m
BQ 220.2211 m
NV
By cosine formula,
AB 2 BQ 2 AQ 2
2( AB)( BQ )
ABQ 44.5716
(b)
The height of the container is 2.12 m.
AVN is the required angle.
The compass bearing of A from B:

S5.43E
4 .5
3
AVN 45
Let the bicycle be at point M.
AM
NV
AV
cos AVN
S(90 44.5716 40)E
(c)
4.5 m
cos ABQ
6.75 ) 2 1.5 2 m
245
m 122.5 m
2
The angle between the line VA and

the plane VBD is 45.
BAQ 180 44.5716 75 60.4284
(c)
By cosine formula,
The intersection of planes ABV and BCV is

BV. Consider the perpendiculars from VB
MQ
to A and C.
VAB is an equilateral triangle.

244.5757
VBA 60
2
Let AU be the m
height of VAB.
244.5757
AU
2(177.6980)
cos
60
.
4284
sin VBA
2
AB
158.5392 m
AU
sin 60
TQ (160 40) m 120 m
3
TQ
3 3
tan TMQ
AU
cm
MQ
2
120
By symmetry,
158.5392
VAB VCB
2
177.6980 2
TMQ 37.2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
The angle of depression of the bicycle

from T is 37.2.
CU
3 3
cm
2
Consider GAC.
AC
32 32 cm
18 cm (Pyth.
theorem)
AC 2 AU 2 CU 2 2( AU )(CU ) cos AUC

3 3
( 18 ) 2
31.
3 3
3 3
2
3 3

2

cos AUC
AUC 109 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
(a)
109.
3m
NM
1.5 m
2
3m
BM
1.5 m
2
BV 3 m
In BMV,
BV 2 BM 2 MV 2 (Pyth. theorem)
MV
3 2 1.5 2 m
The angle between two adjacent planes is
6.75 m
258
Trigonometry (3)
(d)
1
Depth of water
NV 1.0607 m
2
(c)
FGV ~ BCV
1
FG BC
2
1
VG BV
2
1 3 3

2 2 2
3
m2
2
(a)
1
1
( (3 2 ) 2 6 2 ) ( (3 2 ) 2 6 2 ) 2
3
2
54
On the other hand,
9 3 2
m
16
Volume =
m2
1
( PM ) (Area of GBD)
3
1
1
( PM )
6 3 (6 3 ) 2 (3 3 ) 2
3
2
(9
9 3
m2
4
(HKCEE Questions)
3 ) PM
PM
Extended Question
36.
1
(BP) (Area of GPD)
3
The total surface of the container that is wet

4 Area of FGV
32 35
3 cm
Volume
1 3 3
2
sin 60 m
2
2
2
9 3
4
16
Consider the volume of PBGD.
27
Let PM be the height of PBGD.
GD (6 2 ) 2 6 2 6 3 cm
3
m
2
3
m
2
Area of FGV
BD 2( 6 2 32 )
Volume
27 3
9 54
9 3
3 2 cm
p.315
AC 6 cm GE
Let AP x cm. Then AE 2x cm.
AP 2 AD 2 PD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
The perpendicular distance from P to the

plane BDG is 3 2 cm.
Open-ended Questions
x 2 6 2 PD 2
PE 2 GE 2 GP 2 (Pyth. theorem)
x 2 6 2 GP 2
PD 2 GP 2 GD 2 (Pyth. theorem)
2 x 2 72 GD 2
In GCD, GC 2 CD 2 GD 2 (Pyth.
37.
(a)
p.315
AEP, DHP, FEP, GHP, BFP, CGP,

ABP, CDP, BEP, CHP.
(b)
Consider the plane EFGH.

Let EP x cm,
find x which satisfies
theorem)
(2 x) 2 6 2 2 x 2 72
We have x 5.6 or 14.4.
2 x 2 36
Since FPE + FPG + HPG 180
x 18 3 2
AP 3
9 20 x
.
x
9
That means EFP ~ HPG.
4 x 2 36 2 x 2 72
cm
(adj. s on st. line)

and FPE PGH,
2 cm
PGH + FPG + HPG 180

(b)
FPG 180 90
Height of the prism 2AP

2(3
6
Then FPG 90
2 ) cm
2 cm
38.
259
(a)
The angle of elevation of P is the greatest when

AM BC.
16
200 2 300 2 m (Pyth.
BC
6.
theorem)
B
When CP AB,
CP is the shortest.
130000 m
Consider the area of ABC.
Since tan
will have the greatest value.
1
1
( 200)(300) ( 130000 ) AM
2
2
( 200)(300)
AM
m
130000
166.4101 m
7.
AC
BC
AC BC tan 25
2 tan 25
tan 25
In ABM,
200 2 166.41012 (Pyth.
BM
AC
CD
2CD tan 25
CD
2 tan 25
tan ADC
theorem)
M is on BC, where BM 111 m.
Any point lying on BC such that BM 236 m.
(b)
Multiple-choice Questions
1.
TC
,
CP
p.316
8.
ADC = 43
The angle of depression is 43 .
1
10
1
tan TBA
10
TBA 5.7106
Gradient of the road

2.
3.
4.
TA
450 m
TA 44.7767 m
sin 5.7106
Since DG is the projection of AG on the plane CDHG,

AGD is the angle between the line AG and the plane
BT 2 TA 2 AB 2
CDHG.
AB
5.
(Pyth. theorem)
450 2 44.7767 2 m
447.7667 m
PA 10 44.7767
AB
447.7767
PBA 6.97
EG EF FG (Pyth. theorem)
AE 2 AE 2
2
tan PBA
2 AE 2
AG AE 2 EG 2 (Pyth. theorem)
AE 2 2 AE 2
9.
3 AE 2
BAC 30 25 55 ( alt. s, // lines )
AG 3 AE
sin AGE
The angle of elevation is 6.97.
By cosine formula,
AE
AG
AE
BC
500 2 500 2 2(500)(500) cos 55
461.7 m
3 AE
1
10.
A
By cosine formula,
AB
160 2 140 2 2(160)(140) cos(180 50 30
230 m
260
Trigonometry (3)
AB 2 140 2 160 2
2( AB)(140)
B 43.2
cos BPD
FAH 60
Let M be the mid-point of CD.

MC 4 cm
14.
NM 4 cm
4 2 4 2 cm (Pyth. theorem)
32 cm
13.
3
2
3
2
8 2 8 2 cm
128 cm
tan DBP
4 2
10
2 2
15.
The required angle is BPD.
8 2
1
2 2
D
In ATC,
h
AC
h
AC
m
tan
tan
1
( k )(k ) sin 60
2
3 2
=
k
4
Area of VCD =
ABC 90
3 2 1
k k ( DP )
4
2
In ABC,
AC
BC
h
tan
cos
BC
h
BC
m
tan cos
sin(90 )
3 2
DP
k
2
Similarly, BP DP
PD
BP
4
DBP 19.5 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)
and BP VC.
k2 k2
3
2
8 2 cm
D
Let P be a point on VC such that DP VC
BD
A
DBP is the required angle.
NC
VC
3
2
2k
BPD = 109
BP
2 cm
cos
PD (12 8) cm 4 cm
VC 10 cm
3
k
2
3
k
k
2

NC
AF AH FH
12.
3
2
The compass bearing of A from B

= N(43.2 30)W=N13.2W
11.
3
k
2
cos B
3 2
k
2
2 k (Pyth. theorem)
By cosine formula,
261
16
262

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Trigonometry (3)

Let x m be the distance between Janes

eyes and the ground, y m be the distance

41.8 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The distance between Janes eyes and

Let a m be the distance between the lorry and the

The distance between the car and

ABFE and EFGH

(b) ABCD and BCHE

CDEF and EFGH

VCD and ABCD

VBD and ABCD

VBC and VCD

AB 2 500 2 8002 2(500)(800) cos125

1161 .4 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)

The height of the light house BC

The distance between ship A and

PAB 34.4 (cor. to 1 d. p.)

Since ship A is 020 from the port, the true

21.2 m (cor. to 1 d. p.)

Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co.

New Progress in Senior Mathematics 5 (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

DFH is the angle between the lines

Since FG is the projection of BG on the p.286

DFH 19.4 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The angle between the lines VM and

The angle between the lines DF

BGF 33.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

DFE is the angle between the lines DF

The angle between the line BG and the

plane EFGH is 33.7.

DFE 63.7 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The angle between the lines DF

Since EG is the projection of AG on the plane

VM is the distance between the point V

and the line AB.

plane EFGH is 30.2.

Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co.

The distance between V and

The angle between the line AG and the

AGE 30.2 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

Since PR is the projection of AR on the plane

VMP 62.1 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The angle between the plane VCD and

ARP 43.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

the plane BCFE is 43.9.

Let P be the projection of V on the plane

The distance between V and the plane

Let P be the mid-point of CE.

DCE is the required angle.

GBP 9.10 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

Let M be the mid-point of DC.

AGQ is the required angle.

AGQ 9.10 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The results in (b) and (c) are less than the

Hong Kong Educational Publishing Co.

New Progress in Senior Mathematics 5 (Compulsory Part) Solution Guide

TBA 38.9 (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The angle of elevation of T from B is 38.9.

56.8 m (cor. to 3 sig. fig.)

The distance that the girl runs is 56.8 m.

Let Q be the mid-point of EF.

The projection of BP on the ground EBCF