ASSIGNMENT No.

HULL STRUCTURE DESIGN FOR

LONGITUDINAL STRENGTH
DNV - PART 3- CHAPTER 1

JSW: MINI- BULK CARRIER 121.65 m

17th October 2016

SHIP PARTICULARS
Owner: Jindal Steel Works
Vessel Type: Mini-Bulk Carrier for River Sea operation
LOA

121.65 m

LWL

118.8

Moulded Breadth

20

Depth

7.2

Design Draft

4.8

Displacement

10232 t

Maximum Speed

10

Froude Number

0.152

knots

SECTION-1: GENERAL
REQUIREMENTS
L =

LWL

= 118.8 m (length of the ship in m defined as the distance on the summer load waterline from the
fore side of the stem to the axis of the rudder stock.)

LF = 96% of L = 114.048 m (length of the ship as defined in the International Convention of Load Lines.) L F
should not be less than LBP)
LF

= LBP

= 117 m

Df

= D tkeel = 7.18 m

CB

= Displacement / (1.025*LBT)

= 0.875

Displaced volume = displacement/1.025 = 9982 m3

TF = 0.85*D
CBF = Displaced volume/(LF*B*TF)

= 6.12 m
= 0.697

SECTION 2: MATERIALS
From the details, material used- NV-NS min y = 235N/mm2

Material factor, f1 = 1.0

corrosion addition, tk = 0.5 mm

SECTION 3: DESIGN PRINCIPLES

A300: No. Of transverse watertight bulkheads:
Since the engine room is in the aft, (from GA plan), from table A1, (A302)
105 < L 125, => No of transverse bulkheads

=5

A 400: Position of collision bulkhead

Distance xc from the perpendicular PF to the collision bulkhead shall be taken as follows:
Xc (minimum) = 0.05 LF Xr (m) for LF < 200 m
Xc (maximum) = 0.08 LF Xr (m)
Xb = distance from PF to the forward end of the bulbous bow=3.25 m
(from GA plan)
For ships having any part of the underwater body extending forward of PF,
such as a bulbous bow, xr shall be taken as the smallest of:

Xr = 0.5 xb (m) =

1.625

m <- the smallest value

Xr = 0.015 LF (m) =

1.755

Xr = 3.0
Xc (min)=

0.05 LF Xr =

4.225

Xc (max)=

0.08 LF Xr

7.735

Fig a: Bulbous bow type

A 900: Minimum bow height

Aw = waterplane area = 2250 m2
Waterplane area forward of L/2 at draught T1, Awf = Aw/2 = 1125 m2
Water plane area coefficient forward of L/2, Cwf = Awf/(0.5*Lf*B) = 0.962
T1= 0.85* Df = 6.103 m
The bow height Fb, defined as the vertical distance at the forward perpendicular between the waterline
corresponding to the assigned summer freeboard and the designed trim and the top of the exposed deck at
side
shall be not less than:

Fb=[6075(LF/100)1875(LF/100)2+200(LF/100)3][2.08+0.609CB1.603Cwf0.0129(LF/T1)]=4008 mm above
load water line.

SECTION 4: DESIGN LOADS

p = design pressure in kN/m2
= density of liquid or stowage rate of dry cargo in t/m3.

B. Ship Motions and Accelerations

Wave Coefficient Cw
since , 100 < L < 300 (from table B2)
Cw = 10.75[(300 L)/100]3/2 = 8.310

Common Acceleration Parameter;

ao = (3Cw/L)+(Cv*Cv1)
Cv = L/50 = 118.8/50 = 0.218 > 0.2 => Cv=0.2 (maximum 0.2)
Cv1=V/L = 10/118.8 = 0.917 > 0.8 => 0.917 (minimum 0.8)
ao = (3Cw/L) + (Cv*Cv1)

= 0.393

B 300 Surge, Sway /Yaw And Heave Accelerations

Surge acceleration, ax = 0.2*g0*a0*CB

= 0.722 m/s2

Combined sway/yaw acceleration, ay = 0.3*g0*a0

= 1.157 m/s2

Heave acceleration, az = 0.7*g0*a0/CB

= 2.886 m/s2

B 400 Roll Motion And Acceleration

Roll radius of gyration, Kr = 0.25*B = 5 m
Metacentric height, GM = 0.12*B
Period of Roll,TR = 2*Kr/GM =

= 2.4 m
6.455

sec

Roll angle (of simple amplitude), = 50*c/(B+75) = 0.573 rad

c = ( 1.25 0.025 TR) k = 1.088625694
k = 1.0 for ships with bilge keel

Assume KG=0.8D = 5.76

Distance in m from the centre of mass to the axis of rotation, RR = KG - T = 0.96 m

Tangential roll acceleration, ar = *(2/Tr)^2*RR = 0.521 m/s2

B 500 Pitch Motion And Acceleration

Pitch angle, = 0.25*a0/Cb = 0.112

rad

Period of pitch, Tp = 1.8 * (L/g0) = 6.264 s

Tangential pitch acceleration (excluding gravity)
ap = *3.5*(2/Tp)^2 =

0.395 m/s2

B 600 Combined Vertical Acceleration

av =(Kv*g0*a0)/Cb
Kv

=1.3

aft of AP
av =
0.7 between 0.3 L and 0.6 L from A.P. =>
1.5 forward of F.P

5.73

m/s2
3.085
6.612

m/s2
m/s2

B 700 Combined Transverse Acceleration

Acceleration along the ship's transverse axis is given as the combined effect of sway/yaw and roll
at = ((ay)^2 + (g0*sin + ary)^2)

= 5.952

m/s2

ary = transverse component of the roll acceleration

ary is equal to ar using the vertical projection of RR

B 800 Combined longitudinal accelerations

Acceleration along the ship's longitudinal axis is given as the combined effect of surge and pitch
al = ((ax)^2 + (go*sin + apx)^2)

= 1.66

m/s2

apx = longitudinal component of pitch acceleration given in 503.

apx is equal to ap using the vertical projection of RP

C. Pressures and forces

The external and internal pressures considered to influence the scantling of panels are:
static and dynamic sea pressures

 static and dynamic pressures from liquids in a tank

static and dynamic pressures from dry cargoes, stores and equipment

C 200. Sea Pressures

Ks =

3Cb + 2.5/Cb AT AP and aft

= 5.298

Kf = D -T = 2.4 m

2 ,b/w 0.2L and 0.7L from A.P. = 2

3Cb+4/Cb, at FP and Forward = 7.196
Since V/L = 10/118.8 = 0.9175 < 1.5,
Pl = Ks*Cw + Kf = 46.43
19.02
62.20
Pdp = Pl +135*(y/(B+75))-1.2(T-z)

y= B/4 = 5
z=0

Pdp = 47.77

(kN/m2)

20.37

(kN/m2)

63.55

(kN/m2)

for load point below summer load waterline:

P1 = 10 h0 + Pdp
P1=

h0 = T = 4.8m

95.776 (kN/m2)

at AP and aft

68.367 (kN/m2)

between 0.2 L and 0.7 L from AP

111.55 (kN/m )

at FP and forward.

SECTION 5: LONGITUDINAL
STRENGTH
Requirements regarding the longitudinal hull girder scantlings with respect to bending and shear are given.
The wave bending moments and shear forces are given as the design values with a probability of exceedance of
10^-8.

A: Definitions: Symbols
IN = moment of inertia in cm4 about the transverse neutral axis
Ic = moment of inertia in cm4 about the vertical neutral axis
Cw = wave coefficient as given in Sec.4 B
SN = first moment of area in cm3 of the longitudinal material above or below the horizontal neutral axis, taken
about this axis
Zn = vertical distance in m from the baseline or deckline to the neutral axis of the hull girder, whichever is
relevant
Za = vertical distance in m from the baseline or deckline to the point in question below or above the neutral axis,
respectively

B. Still Water and Wave Induced Hull Girder Bending Moments

and Shear Forces
B 100 Stillwater conditions
The design stillwater bending moments, MS, and stillwater shear forces, QS, shall be calculated along the
ship length for design cargo and ballast loading conditions
The sign conventions of Qs and Ms are

Fig b: Sign Coventions of QS and Ms

The design stillwater bending moments amidships (sagging and hogging) are normally not to be taken
less than:

Ms = Mso (kNm)

Mso = 0.065 Cwu*L^2*B*(CB + 0.7) (kNm) in sagging

= -240204.37 kNm

= Cwu*L^2*B*(0.1225 0.015 CB) (kNm) in hogging = 256572.34 kNm

Cwu = Cw for unrestricted service = 8.31
When required in connection with stress analysis or buckling control, the stillwater bending moments at
arbitrary positions along the length of the ship are normally not to be taken less than:
Ms = Ksm*Mso (kNm)

Ksm
=

within 0.4 L
amidships

0.15
0

at 0.1 L from A.P.

or F.P.
at A.P. and F.P

Ms(KNm)
=

=>

Sagging
240204.
37
36030.6
5
0

Hogging
256572.3
4
38485.85
0

The design values of stillwater shear forces along the length of the ship are normally not to be taken less than:

Ksq
=

0
1

Qs = Ksq*Qso

(kN)

Qso = 5* Mso/L

(kN)

at A.P. and F.P

between 0.15 L and 0.3 L from
A.P.

Qs
=

Sagging

Hogging

-10109.6

10798.5

(KN)

0.8
1

between 0.4 L and 0.6 L from

A.P.
between 0.7 L and 0.85 L from
A.P.

-8087.7

8638.8

Sign convention to be applied:

when sagging condition positive in forebody, negative in afterbody
when hogging condition negative in forebody, positive in afterbody

B 200 Wave load conditions

The rule vertical wave bending moments amidships are given by
Mw = Mwo (kNm)

Mwo = 0.11**Cw*L^2*B*(CB + 0.7) (kNm)

in sagging =
= 0.19**Cw*L^2*B*CB (kNm)
in
hogging
=

=1
= 0.5
406499. 203249.
7
85
390131. 195065.
73
864

= 1.0 for seagoing conditions

= 0.5 for harbour and sheltered water conditions (enclosed fjords, lakes, rivers).

CB is not be taken less than 0.6

When required in connection with stress analysis or buckling control, the wave bending moments at
arbitrary positions along the length of the ship are normally not to be taken less than:
Mw = Kwm*Mwo (kNm)
kwm = 1.0 between 0.40 L and 0.65 L from A.P.
= 0.0 at A.P. and F.P.
The rule values of vertical wave shear forces along the length of the ship are given by:
= 1.0 for seagoing conditions
= 0.5 for harbour and sheltered water conditions (enclosed fjords, lakes, rivers)

Positive shear force, to be used when positive still water shear force:
Qwp = 0.3**Kwqp*Cw*L*B*(CB + 0.7) (kN)

Kwqp
=

=1

= 0.5

14837.8

7418.9

6532.36

3266.18

9331.95

4665.97

at A.P. and
0
1.59
0.7
1

F.P.
CB/(CB+0.7) between 0.2L and 0.3L
from A.P.
between 0.4 L and 0.6 L from
A.P.
between 0.7 L and 0.85 L from
A.P.

Qwp
=

Negative shear force, to be used when negative still water shear force:
Qwn = -0.3**Kwqn*Cw*L*B*(CB + 0.7) (kN)
Kwqn
=

\
=1

= 0.5

8585.39

4292.69

6532.36

3266.18

16144.27

8072.136

at A.P. and
0
0.92
0.7
1.73

F.P.
between 0.2 L and 0.3 L from
A.P.
between 0.4 L and 0.6 L from
A.P.
CB/(CB+0.7) between 0.2L and 0.3L
from A.P.

Qwn
=

When hull girder stresses due to wave loads are combined with local stresses in girder systems, stiffeners and
plating in accordance with Sec.12, the wave bending moments and shear forces may be reduced as follows:

Qwrp
=

Mwr
Mw

Qwr
Qw

=1
0
8754.3
01
3854.0
95
5505.8
5

0.59
0.59
Mwr =

=
0.5
0
4377
.2
1927
2752
.9

Qwn
=

=1
239834.
8
230177.
72

= 0.5
119917.4
1
115088.8
6

=1
0

= 0.5
0

5065.38

2532.69

3854.09
9525.12
03

1927.04
4762.560
17

SECTION -6 BOTTOM STRUCTURES

B. DESIGN LOADS
Structu
re
outer
bottom

Load Type
Sea pressure
Netpressure in way of cargo
tank or deep tank
Dry Cargo in cargo
holds
Ballast in cargo holds

Inner
bottom
Liquid cargo in tank
above

Inner
bottom,

Pressure on tank boundaries in

double bottom

p
(kN/m
2)
P1

at AFT &
AP
95.77643
875

b/w 0.3L
to 0.6L
68.36697
685

at FED &
FP
111.5485
043

P2
P3

14.8
30.1744

10.357
30.1744

16.28
30.1744

P4
P5
P6
P7

59.249
45.75
51.21
23.45

50.9187
39.4032

62.025
47.8656

P8=
P9=

57
31.599

27.15664

33.0803

P10=
P11=
P12=

35.166
23.45
46.9744

P13=

23.45

floors &
girders
Flooded
condition

P14=

46.9744

P15=

72

C. PLATING & STIFFENERS

C200: KEEL PLATE
extend over the complete length of the ship
Breadth, b

= 800+5L = 1394 mm = 1400 mm

Material factor f1

= 1

(NV-NS Steel)

corrosion addition tk = 0.5

(from table DI -sec2.)

Tthickness shall not be less than,

t = 7.0+((0.05*L1)/f1)+tk = 13.44

mm = 14 mm

Thickness in no case to be less than that of the adjacent bottom plate.

C300: BOTTOM AND BILGE PLATING

Breadth of strakes in way of longitudinal bulkhead and bilge strake, (which shall be of steel grade heigher than Agrade), shall not be less than
Breadth, b =

800+5L = 1394 mm = 1400 mm

The thickness requirement corresponding to lateral pressure is given by,

t = ((15.8*Ka*S*p)/)+tk) =

Ka = correction factor for aspect ratio of plate field

= (1.1 - 0.25 s/l) = 0.95
from drawings, s= 600 mm, l = 1000 mm

from section 5, C 303 - The mid-ship section modulus about the transverse neutral axis, shall not be less than:
Material factor, f1 =
Z = Cwo/f1 * l^2 B(Cb+0.7) =3695451.799 cm3

1(NV-NS Steel)

CWO = 10.75 [ (300 L) /100 ] 3/2 for L < 300

= 8.31

stiffener spacing ,s
stress factor , f2b = 5.7*(Ms +Mw)/ Z = -0.9975 sagging

= 0.6 m

corrosion addition tk = 0.5(from table DI -sec2.)

0.9975 hogging
= 175 f1 120 f2b, maximum 120 f1 when transverse frames, within 0.4 L = 55.3
= 120 f1 when longitudinals, within 0.4 L

= 120

= 160 f1

= 160

within 0.1 L from the perpendiculars.

Between specified regions the -value may be varied linearly

Thickness requirement corresponding to sea pressure; P1
=
55.3
120
160

at AFT & b/w 0.3L to

AP
0.6L
at FED & FP
12.352
10.51
13.29
8.5458
7.297
9.18
7.4678
6.387
8.02

The maximum value of thickness is 13.29 mm

= 14 mm

The thickness shall not be less than;

t = 5.0+0.04L1/f1 +tk

= 10.252 mm

C 400 INNER BOTTOM PLATING

The thickness requirement corresponding to lateral pressure is given by;
t = ((15.8*Ka*S*p)/)+tk) =
p = p4 to p15 (whichever is relevant) as given in Table B1
= 200 f1

110 f2b,maximum 140 f1 when transverseframes,within 0.4 L

90.275

= 140 f1

when longitudinals, within 0.4 L

140

= 160 f1

within 0.1 L from the perpendiculars

160

= 220 f1

for flooded condition.

220

For P4 ( maximum pressure value)

=
90.275
140
160
220

at AFT & b/w 0.3L to at FED &

AP
0.6L
FP
7.796
7.264
7.965
6.359
5.932
6.494
5.980
5.580
6.107
5.174
4.833
5.282

The maximum value of the thickness obtained is 7.965 mm

The thickness shall not be less than,
t = t0+ 0.03L1/f1 + tk

= 11.064

mm = 12 mm

C 500 PLATING IN DOUBLE BOTTOM FLOORS AND LONGITUDINAL

GIRDERS
The thickness requirement of floors and longitudinal girders forming boundaries of double bottom tanks
is given by:
t = ((15.8*Ka*S*p)/)+tk)
p = p13 to p15 (when relevant) as given in Table B1
p = p1 for sea chest boundaries (including top and partial bulkheads)
= allowable stress, for longitudinal girders within 0.4 L given by:

t
130 f1 130

8.842421758

mm

= 160 f1 within 0.1 L from the perpendiculars and for floors in general

160

8.019757352

mm

= 120 f1for sea chest boundaries (including top and partial bulkheads)

120

9.183067863

mm

= 220 f1 for flooded condition

220

6.912870617

mm

f2b = stress factor as given in A200.

The maximum pressure value is P1 =

111.5485043

KN/m2

The maximum value is 9.18067 mm

The thickness of longitudinal girders, floors, supporting plates and brackets shall not be less than:
t = 6.0+ k/f1 +tk =

k = 0.04 L1 for centre girder up to 2 m above keel plate

11.252

12 mm

= 0.02 L1 for other girders and remaining part of centre girder

8.876

10 mm

= 0.05 L1 for sea chest boundaries (including top and partial bulkheads).

12.44

14 mm

C 600 TRANSVERSE FRAMES

The section modulus requirement of bottom and inner bottom frames is given by:
Z = (0.63*l^2*s*p*wk)/f1 = 48.49013481 cm3
p = p1 to p15 (when relevant) as given in Table B1
wk = section modulus corrosion factor in tanks, see Sec.3 C1004
= 1.0 in other compartments
wk = 1 + 0.05 (t kw + tkf) for flanged sections
= 1 + 0.06 t kw for bulbs

= 1.15

stiffener spacing ,s =

0.6

stiffner span, l

Material factor, f1 =

(NV-NS Steel)

The maximum pressure value is P1 = 111.548

kN/m2

The thickness of web and flange shall not be less than the larger of:
t = 4.5 + k + tk (mm) = 6.782 mm
k = 0.015 L1= 1.782

t = 1.5+ (hw*f1)/g + tk = 8.82 mm

= 5.0 maximum

C 700 BOTTOM LONGITUDINALS

The section modulus requirement is given by:
Z = (83*l^2*s*p*wk)/ = 78.87 cm3
p = p1 to p3 (when relevant) as given in Table B1
= allowable stress (maximum 160 f1)

160

within 0.4 L:

81

The maximum pressure value is P1 =

111.548 kN/m2

The thickness of web and flange shall not be less than the larger of:
t = 1.5+ (hw*f1)/g + tk = 8.82

mm

k = 0.01 L1 in general
hw = web height in mm
g = 75 for

t = 4.5 + k + tk (mm) = 6.782 mm

flanged profile webs
= 41 for bulb profiles

k = 0.015 L1=

1.782
` = 5.0 maximum

= 22 for flat bar profiles

SECTION 7 : SIDE STRUCTURES

B. DESIGN LOADS
Load
type
Sea pressure below summer load
waterline
External

P1

Sea pressure above summer load

waterline

P2

Ballast, bunker or liquid cargo in

side tanks in general

P3
P4

at AFT & AP

b/w 0.3L to 0.6L

at FED & FP

95.77

68.367

111.548

23.49

-0.753

37.44

9.22
61.15

53.019
30.1744

63.862

P5

Internal

Above the ballast waterline at

ballast, bunker or
P6
liquid cargo tanks with a breadth >
0.4 B
Above the ballast waterline and
towards ends of
tanks for ballast, bunker or liquid P7
cargo with
length > 0.15 L
In tanks with no restriction on their
filling
height 2)

Ks =

12.231

3Cb + 2.5/Cb AT AP and aft = 5.298

2 ,b/w 0.2L and 0.7L from A.P. = 2
3Cb+4/Cb, at FP and Forward = 7.1957
h0 = T = 4.8 m

35.166

42.53615378

P8

86.1

Pdp = 47.776 (kN/m2)

20.367 (kN/m2)
63.548 (kN/m2)
= 1.025 t/m3

P2(min) = 6.25+ 0.025 L1 = 9.22 kN/m2

pdyn = calculated pressure drop = 25 kN/m2

hb = 0.35* T = 1.68 m

hp = 1 m

hs = vertical distance in m from load point to top of tank, excluding smaller hatchways= 6 m

C. PLATING AND STIFFENERS

C 100 SIDE PLATING, GENERAL
The thickness requirement corresponding to lateral pressure is given by:
t = ((15.8*Ka*S*p)/)+tk) mm
p = p1 p8, whichever is relevant,

t=

= 140 f1 for longitudinally stiffened side plating at neutral axis, within 0.4 L amidship 140

8.539 mm

= 120 f1 for transversely stiffened side plating at neutral axis, within 0.4 L amidship.

120

9.183 mm

= 160 f1 within 0.05 L from F.P. and 0.1 L from A.P.

160

8.019 mm

stiffener spacing ,s =

0.6

stiffner span, l

Material factor, f1 =

(NV-NS Steel)

Ka = correction factor for aspect ratio of plate field

= (1.1 - 0.25 s/l) =

0.95

corrosion addition tk =

0.5

(from table DI -sec2.)

The maximum pressure value is P1 = 111.5485043

kN/m2

The maximum value of thickness is 9.183 mm

The thickness is not for any region of the ship to be less than:
t = 5.0 + (k*L1/f1) + tk = 12.628 mm (maximum value) = 13 mm
k = 0.04 up to 4.6 m above the summer load waterline.
= 0.06 for plating connected to the sternframe
L = LWL =

118.8

The thickness of the side plating between a section aft of midships where the breadth at the load waterline
exceeds 0.9 B and a section forward of midships where the load waterline breadth exceeds 0.6 B, and taken
from the lowest ballast waterline to 0.25 T (minimum 2.2 m) above the summer load line, shall not be less than:
t = 31*(s+0.7)(BT/f^2)+tk (mm) = 8.73 mm
f = minimum yield stress in N/mm2 = 235 N/mm2
Moulded Breadth

= 20 m

Design Draft

= 4.8 m

C 200 SHEER STRAKE AT SHEAR STRENGTH

The breadth shall not be less than:
b = 800 + 5 L (mm), maximum 1800 mm. = 1394 mm = 1800 mm
The thickness shall not be less than:
t = (t1+t2)/2 mm = 12 mm
t1 = required side plating in mm
t2 = strength deck plating in mm
t2 shall not be taken less than t1.

C 300

LONGITUDINALS

The section modulus requirement is given by:

(Need to obtain t2 from the section 8)

(cm3), minimum 15 cm3 = 39.92739275 cm3

Z = (83*l^2*s*p*wk)/
p = p1 p8, whichever is relevant,
= allowable stress given by:

= 225 f1- 130 f2 * (Zn -Za)/Zn , maximum 160 f1

within 0.4 L amidships ,

maximum 160 f1

160

Within 0.1 L from perpendiculars

Wk =

1.15

The thickness of web and flange shall not be less than the larger of
t = 4.5 + k + tk = 6.782mm
t = 1.5+ (hw*f1)/g + tk = 8.82 mm = 10 mm
k = 0.01 L1 in general
= 0.015 L1 in peaks and in cargo oil tanks and ballast tanks in cargo area
hw = web height in mm
g = 75 for flanged profile webs
= 41 for bulb profiles
= 22 for flat bar profiles = 22

C 400 MAIN FRAMES

Main frames are frames located outside the peak tanks, connected to the floors, double bottom or hopper
tanks and extended to the lowest deck, stringer or top wing tank on the ship side.
The section modulus requirement is given by:
Z = (C L^2 s p wk)/f1
p = p1 p8, whichever is relevant, as given in Table B1

kN/m2

Z=

C = 0.37 when external pressure (p1 p2) is used

P1=

111.5485043

11391.33

cm3

= 0.43 when internal pressure (p3 p8) is used

P8=

86.1

8792.532

cm3

l = corresponding to full length of frame including brackets.

C 500 TWEEN DECK FRAMES AND VERTICAL PEAK FRAMES

Tween deck frames are frames between the lowest deck or the lowest stringer on the ship's side and the
uppermost superstructure deck between the collision bulkhead and the after peak bulkhead.
If the lower end of 'tween deck frames is not welded to the bracket or the frame below, the lower end
shall be bracketed above the deck.
The section modulus shall not be less than the greater of:

Z = (0.55*l^2*s*p*wk)/f1 =

42.333 cm3

Z = K*(L/f1) = 70.847 cm3

k = 6.5 for peak frames
= 4.0 for 'tween deck frames
p = p1 p8, whichever is relevant

D GIRDERS
The thickness of web plates, flanges, brackets and stiffeners of girders shall not be less than:
t = 5.0 +k/f1 + tk =

9.064

mm

(maximum)

k = 0.01 L1 in general
1.188
= 0.02 L1 for girder webs, flanges and brackets in cargo oil tanks and ballast tanks in cargo area 2.376
= 0.03 L1 (= 6.0 maximum) for girder webs, flanges and brackets in peaks.
3.564
The thickness of girder web plates in single skin construction is in addition not to be less than:
t = 12s +tk =

7.7

mm

.
s = spacing of web stiffening in m. = 0.6 m
The section modulus requirement is given by:
Z = (100*S^2*b*p*pwk)/ = 501.094 cm3
p = p1 p4
S = girder span in m.
= 1.15 p5
P6-P8, whichever is relevant, as given in Table B1.
b = loading breadth in m
= 160 F1
The web area requirement (after deduction of cut-outs) at the girder ends is given by:
A = (kSbp)/f1 + 10h*tk = 27.3096 cm2
k = 0.06 for continuous horizontal girders and upper end of vertical girders
= 0.08 for lower end of vertical girders
b = loading breadth in m
h = girder height in m
p = p1 p7, whichever is relevant

SECTION 8: DECK STRUCTURES

B; DESIGN LOADS:
Structure
Weather decks
Cargo 'tweendecks
Platform deck in machinery spaces
Accommodation decks
Deck as tank bottom in general

Load type
Sea pressure
Deck cargo
Deck cargo
Machinery and equipment
Accommodation in general
Ballast, bunker or liquid

Pressures
P1
P2
P3
P4
P5
P6

Pmax (kN/m)
50.494
17.0505
55.0862
20.9852
4.5905
80.662

P7
P8
P7
P8

7.407
25
7.407
25

P9

35.166

P10

42.536

Deck as tank boundary in tanks with

breadth > 0.4 B

P11

86

Deck as tank boundary in tanks with

length > 0.1 L

P12

104.7345

P13

72

Deck as tank top in general

Deck as tank boundary in tanks with
breadth > 0.4 B
Deck as tank boundary towards ends of
tanks with length > 0.15 L

Watertight decks submerged in damaged

condition

Ks =

cargo

Sea pressure

3Cb + 2.5/Cb AT AP and aft = 5.298

2 ,b/w 0.2L and 0.7L from A.P. = 2
3Cb+4/Cb, at FP and Forward = 7.196
h0 = T = 4.8 m

Pdp = 47.776 (kN/m2)

20.367 (kN/m2)
63.548 (kN/m2)
= 1.025 t/m3

P2(min) = 6.25+ 0.025 L1 = 9.22 kN/m2

pdyn = calculated pressure drop = 25 kN/m2

hb = 0.35* T = 1.68 m

hp = 1 m

hs = vertical distance in m from load point to top of tank, excluding smaller hatchways= 6 m

C. PLATING AND STIFFNERS

C 100 STRENGTH DECK PLATING
The breadth of stringer plate and strakes in way of possible longitudinal bulkheads which shall be of grade B, D
or E shall not be less than:
b = 800 + 5 L (mm), maximum 1800 mm. = 1800 mm
The thickness requirement corresponding to lateral pressure is given by: t = 8.91 mm
The thickness shall not be less than
t = to+(k*L/f1)+ tk = 8.376 mm
t0 = 5.5 for unsheathed weather and cargo decks
= 5.0 for accommodation decks and for weather and cargo decks sheathed with wood or an approved
composition
k = 0.02 in vessels with single continuous deck

= 0.01 in vessels with two continuous decks above 0.7 D from the baseline
= 0.01 as minimum for weather decks forward of 0.2 L from F.P.
= 0 in vessels with more than two continuous decks above 0.7 D from the baseline.

C 200 PLATING OF DECKS BELOW OR ABOVE STRENGTH DECK

The thickness of steel decks shall not be less than:
t = to+(k*L/f1)+ tk = 7.188 mm
t0 = 5.5 for unsheathed weather and cargo decks
= 5.0 for accommodation decks and for weather and cargo decks sheathed with wood or an approved
` composition
k = 0.01 for 'tween deck above 0.7 D in vessels with two continuous decks above 0.7 D from the baseline
and first tier of superstructure or deckhouse in vessels with single continuous deck when more than 50%
of 0.4 L amidships is covered
= 0.01 for forecastle decks forward of 0.2 L from F.P.
= 0 for other decks

C 300 LONGITUDINALS
The section modulus requirement is given by:
Z = (83*l^2*s*p*wk)/

(cm3), minimum 15 cm3 = 39.93 cm3

The thickness of web and flange shall not be less than the larger of
t = 4.5 + k + tk = 6.782 mm
t = 1.5+ (hw*f1)/g + tk = 8.2mm
k = 0.01 L1 in general
= 0.015 L1 in peaks and in cargo oil tanks and ballast tanks in cargo area
hw = web height in mm
g = 75 for flanged profile webs
= 41 for bulb profiles
= 22 for flat bar profiles

22

C 400 TRANSVERSE BEAMS.

The section modulus requirement is given by
Z = (0.63*l^2*s*p*wk/f1) cm3, minimum 15 cm3 = 45.53 cm3

Selection Of The Bulbous Longitudinal

Stiffener

Opted for A= 200 mm and t = 10 mm

MIDSHIP - SECTION

Fig c: Midship Section

Fig d: Midship Section Numbering (Half-side)

SECTION MODULUS & STRESS

CALCULATIONS:
For half-section;
No
.
1

Deck plating

7200

25000

Shear strake

6300

23400

Side Shell

4000

36686

Bilge plating

56884.24

Bottom plating

1098.
9
7

Keel plating

7
8
9
10

Member Name

Area, A

A*

208333.333
3
6318000000

5031

2434630926
9
1.89E+11

1831

95200

18000000
0
14742000
0
14674400
0
62512277.
3
666400

9800

68600

Tank top
Hopper tank
Wing tank

1000
2268
5765

90000
42744
37452

Hatch Side plating

6950

6000

90000000
96943392
21591078
0
41700000

4131

-1070.1

1554933.33
3
205800

-2162

1715000
2.71E+11
2.33E+11

-1169
99
3596

125000000

4781

-2162

A*r2

I+ A*r2

6.32774E+1
1
3.99325E+1
1
1.22992E+1
1
6513894017
2
4.44988E+1
1
4580759120
0
1.2299E+11
418933944
4.843E+11

6.32774E+11

1.37148E+1
1

4.05643E+11
1.47338E+11
2.54139E+11
4.4499E+11
45807797000
1.22992E+11
2.71579E+11
7.1698E+11
1.37273E+11

11

Side Girder

500

12000

6000000

1000000000

-1669

34426732000

1031

3342673200
0
3342673200
0
3342673200
0
3342673200
0
4944173805
0
4944173805
0
4944173805
0
4110759220
0
3082971220
0
2202783220
0
2122882420
0
2545808080
0
3116451205
0
3695845780
0
2179070050

12

Side Girder

500

12000

6000000

1000000000

-1669

13

Side Girder

500

12000

6000000

1000000000

-1669

14

Central Girder

500

12000

6000000

1000000000

-1669

15

Bulbous longitudinal

7080

2050

14514000

4911

16

Bulbous longitudinal

7080

2050

14514000

17

Bulbous longitudinal

7080

2050

14514000

18

Bulbous longitudinal

6647

2050

13626350

19

Bulbous longitudinal

6047

2050

12396350

20

Bulbous longitudinal

5447

2050

11166350

21

Bulbous longitudinal

5387

2050

11043350

22

Bulbous longitudinal

5693

2050

11670650

23

Bulbous longitudinal

6068

2050

12439400

24

Bulbous longitudinal

6415

2050

13150750

25

Bulbous longitudinal

3200

2050

6560000

26

Bulbous longitudinal

2578

2050

5284900

27

Bulbous longitudinal

1803

2050

3696150

28

Bulbous longitudinal

1133

2050

2322650

29

Bulbous longitudinal

618

2050

1266900

30

Bulbous longitudinal

236

2050

483800

31

Bulbous longitudinal

1752

2050

3591600

32

Bulbous longitudinal

2178

2050

4464900

33

Bulbous longitudinal

2607

2050

5344350

34

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

35

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

36

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
16666.6666
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66

409

342926050

349592716.7

-366

274609800

281276466.7

-1036

2200256800

2206923467

-1551

4931482050

4938148717

-1933

7659802450

7666469117

-417

356472450

363139116.7

166050

6832716.667

438

393280200

399946866.7

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

4911
4911
4478
3878
3278
3218
3524
3899
4246

34426732000
34426732000
34426732000
49448404717
49448404717
49448404717
41107608867
30829728867
22027848867
21228840867
25458097467
31164528717
36958474467
2179086717

37

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

38

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

39

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

40

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

41

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

42

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

43

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

44

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

45

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

46

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

47

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

48

Bulbous longitudinal

120

2050

246000

49

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

50

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

51

Bulbous longitudinal

880

2050

1804000

547016
Area
mm2

1.2E+09
Area
moment
mm3

7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7
6666666.66
7

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-2049

8606722050

8613388717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

-1289

3406118050

3412784717

3.801E+12
M.I.
mm4

Total area of the midship section = 547016*2 = 1094032 mm2

Position of the neutral axis from the bottom, = 2*(A* ))/(2*A) = 2168.977 mm
= 2.169 m from base.
Total Moment of Inertia = 2* 3.801E+12 = 7.602E+12 mm4 = 7.602 m4
From Section-5, The design still-water bending moments amidships are
M =

-240204.3669 kNm

= 256572.3363

kNm

(Sagging)
(Hogging)

For Bottom Section

Section modulus, Z = I/ = 3.5048 m
Tensile stress at bottom, = M/Z = -68.5357 MN/m2 = -68.5357 N/mm2 (Sagging)
Compressive stress at bottom , = 73.2059 MN/m2 = 73.2059 N/mm2 (Hogging)

For Deck Section

Distance from the neutral axis, = 7.2 - 2.169 = 5.031 m
Section modulus, Z = I/ = 1.51 m
Compressive stress at deck, = M/Z = -159.075 MN/m2 = -159.075 N/mm2 (Sagging)
Tensile stress at deck , = 169.915 MN/m2 = 169.915 N/mm2 (Hogging)

The calculated stress values come under the allowable limit of 235
N/mm2 , So the thickness values are acceptable.