ADMS 2320 - Multiple Choice | Term Test 1 | Chapters 1-4, 6

1.

A politician who is running for the office of governor of a state with 3 million registered voter
commissions a survey. In the survey, 53.6% of the 5,000 registered voters interviewed say
they plan to vote for him. The population of interest is the:
a. 3 million registered voters in the state
b. 5,000 registered voters interviewed
c. 53.6 %, or 2,680 voters interviewed who plan to vote for him
d. 46.4%, or 2,320 voters interviewed who plan not to vote for him
ANSWER: a

2.

A summary measure that is computed from a sample to describe a characteristic of the

population is called
a. a parameter
b. a statistic
c. a population
d. Both a and c since they are the same
ANSWER: b

3.

A summary measure that is computed from a population is called

a. a parameter
b. a statistic
c. a population
d. Both a and c since they are the same
ANSWER: a

4.

Descriptive statistics deals with methods of:

a. organizing data
b. summarizing data
c. presenting data in a convenient and informative way
d. All of the above
ANSWER: d

5.

When data are collected in a statistical study for only a portion or subset of all elements of
interest, we are using:
a. a sample
b. a parameter
c. a population
d. Both b and c
ANSWER: a

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6.

You asked five of your classmates about their height. On the basis of this information, you
stated that the average height of all students in your university or college is 67 inches. This is
an example of:
a. descriptive statistics
b. statistical inference
c. parameter
d. population
ANSWER: b

7.

Which of the following is not the goal of descriptive statistics?

a. Summarizing data
b. Displaying aspects of the collected data
c. Reporting numerical findings
d. Estimating characteristics of the population
ANSWER: d

8.

Which of the following statements is not true?

a.
b.
c.
d.

One form of descriptive statistics uses graphical techniques

One form of descriptive statistics uses numerical techniques
In the language of statistics, population refers to a group of people
Statistical inference is used to draw conclusions or inferences about characteristics of
populations based on sample data
ANSWER: c
9.

The most appropriate type of chart for determining the number of observations at or below a
specific value is:
a. a histogram
b. a pie chart
c. a time-series chart
d. a cumulative frequency ogive
ANSWER: d

10.

The best type of chart for comparing two sets of categorical data is:
a. a line chart
b. a pie chart
c. a histogram
d. a bar chart
ANSWER: d

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11.

The total area of the six bars in a relative frequency histogram for which the width of each bar
is five units is:
a. 6
b. 5
c. 11
d. 1
ANSWER:

12.

Which of the following statements about pie charts is false?

a.
b.
c.
d.

Pie charts are graphical representations of the relative frequency distribution

Pie charts are usually used to display the relative sizes of categories for interval data.
Pie charts always have the shape of a circle
Area of each slice of a pie chart is the proportion of the corresponding category of the
frequency distribution of a categorical variable
ANSWER: b
13.

The total area of the bars in a relative frequency histogram:

a. depends on the sample size
b. depends on the number of bars
c. depends on the width of each bar
d. Both a and b
ANSWER: c

14.

Which of the following statements is false?

a. All calculations are permitted on interval data
b. All calculations are permitted on nominal data
c. The most important aspect of ordinal data is the order of the data values
d. The only permissible calculations on ordinal data are ones involving a ranking process
ANSWER: b

15.

Which of the following statements is false?

a. A frequency distribution counts the number of observations that fall into each of a series
on intervals, called classes that cover the complete range of observations.
b. The intervals in a frequency distribution may overlap to ensure that each observation is
assigned to an interval
c. Although the frequency distribution provides information about how the numbers in the
data set are distributed, the information is more easily understood and imparted by
drawing a histogram
d. The number of class intervals we select in a frequency distribution depends entirely on the
number of observations in the data set
ANSWER: b

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16.

In general, incomes of employees in large firms tend to be

a. positively skewed
b. negatively skewed
c. symmetric
d. None of the above
ANSWER: a

17.

The relative frequency of a class is computed by

a.
b.
c.
d.

dividing the frequency of the class by the number of classes

dividing the frequency of the class by the class width
dividing the frequency of the class by the total number of observations in the data set
subtracting the lower limit of the class from the upper limit and multiplying the difference by
the number of classes
ANSWER: c
18.

A modal class is the class that includes

a. the largest number of observations
b. the smallest number of observations
c. the largest observation in the data set
d. the smallest observation in the data set
ANSWER: a

19.

The sum of the relative frequencies for all classes will always equal
a. the number of classes
b. the class width
c. the total number of observations in the data set
d. one
ANSWER: d

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20.

The two graphical techniques we usually use to present nominal data are
a. bar chart and histogram
b. pie chart and ogive
c. bar chart and pie chart
d. histogram and ogive
ANSWER: c

21.

The most important and commonly graphical presentation of interval data is a

a. bar chart
b. histogram
c. pie chart
d. cumulative frequency distribution
ANSWER: b

22.

The relationship between two interval variables is graphically displayed by a

a. scatter diagram
b. histogram
c. bar chart
d. pie chart
ANSWER: a

23.

The effect of making the slope of a line graph appear steeper can be created by:
a. Stretching the vertical axis.
b. Shrinking the horizontal axis.
c. Stretching the horizontal axis.
d. Both a and b
ANSWER: d

24.

Possible methods of creating distorted impressions with bar charts include:

a. Stretching the vertical axis.
b. Shrinking the horizontal axis.
c. Constructing the bars so that their widths are proportional to their heights.
d. All of the above
ANSWER: d

25.

You are less likely to be misled by a graph if you:

a. Focus your attention on the numerical values that the graph represents.
b. Avoid being influenced by the graphs caption.
c. Both a and b
d. Neglect the scale used on the axes.
e. Both b and d
ANSWER: c

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26.

Possible methods of graphical deception include:

a. A graph without a scale on one axis.
b. A graphs caption that influences the impression of the viewer.
c. Only absolute changes in value, rather than percentage changes, are reported.
d. Stretching the vertical axis or shrinking the horizontal axis.
e. All of the above.
ANSWER: e

27.

Which of the following is not a characteristic of graphical excellence?

a. The graph presents small data sets concisely and coherently while large data sets are
easily presented in tabular form.
b. The ideas and concepts the statistician wants to deliver are clearly understood by the
viewer of the graph.
c. The graph encourages the viewer to compare two or more variables to depict relationships
between the variables or to explain how and why the observed results occurred.
d. There is no distortion of what the data reveal.
e. The graph induces the viewer to address substance of the data and not the form of the
graph.
ANSWER: a

28.

Which of the following statements about the arithmetic mean is not always correct?
a.
b.
c.
d.

The sum of the deviations from the mean is zero

Half of the observations are on either side of the mean
The mean is a measure of the middle (center) of a distribution
The value of the mean times the number of observations equals the sum of all of the
observations
ANSWER: b
29.

In a histogram, the proportion of the total area which must be to the left of the median is:
a. exactly 0.50
b. less than 0.50 if the distribution is skewed to the left
c. more than 0.50 if the distribution is skewed to the right
d. between 0.25 and 0.60 if the distribution is symmetric and unimodal
ANSWER: a

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30.

Which of the following statements is true?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

The sum of the deviations from the arithmetic mean is always zero
The sum of the squared deviations from the arithmetic mean is always zero
The arithmetic mean is always less than the geometric mean
The standard deviation is always smaller than the variance
The distance between the first and third quartiles is twice the distance between the first
quartile and the median.
ANSWER: a
31.

If two data sets have the same range:

a. the distances from the smallest to largest observations in both sets will be the same
b. the smallest and largest observations are the same in both sets
c. both sets will have the same mean
d. both sets will have the same interquartile range
ANSWER: a

32.

Which of the following statements is true?

a. When the distribution is skewed to the left, mean > median > mode
b. When the distribution is skewed to the right, mean < median < mode
c. When the distribution is symmetric and unimodal, mean = median = mode
d. When the distribution is symmetric and bimodal, mean = median = mode
ANSWER: c

33.

In a histogram, the proportion of the total area which must be to the right of the mean is
a. less than 0.50 if the distribution is skewed to the left
b. exactly 0.50
c. more than 0.50 if the distribution is skewed to the right
d. exactly 0.50 if the distribution is symmetric and unimodal
e. exactly 1.0 if the distribution is symmetric and bimodal
ANSWER: d

34.

A sample of 20 observations has a standard deviation of 3. The sum of the squared

deviations from the sample mean is:
a. 20
b. 23
c. 29
d. 60
e. 171
ANSWER:

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35.

Which measure of central location is meaningful when the data are nominal?
a. The arithmetic mean
b. The geometric mean
c. The median
d. The mode
ANSWER: d

36.

Which of the following are measures of the linear relationship between two variables?
a. The covariance
b. The coefficient of correlation
c. The variance
d. Both a and b
ANSWER: d

37.

A perfect straight line sloping downward would produce a correlation coefficient equal to
a. +1
b. 1
c. +2
d. 2
ANSWER:

38.

Generally speaking, if two variables are unrelated (as one increases, the other shows no
pattern), the covariance will be
a. a large positive number
b. a large negative number
c. a positive or negative number close to zero
d. none of the above
ANSWER: c

39.

Which measure of central location is appropriate whenever we wish to find the average
growth rate, or rate of change, in a variable over time?
a. The arithmetic mean
b. The geometric mean
c. The median
d. The mode
ANSWER: b

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40.

Which measure of central location is appropriate whenever we wish to estimate the expected
mean return, or growth rate, for a single year in the future?
a. The arithmetic mean
b. The geometric mean
c. The median
d. The mode
ANSWER: a

41.

Chebyshevs Theorem states that the percentage of measurements in a data set that fall
within three standard deviations of their mean is:
a. 75%
b. at least 75%
c. 89%
d. at least 89%
ANSWER: d

42.

The Empirical Rule states that the approximate percentage of measurements in a data set
(providing that the data set has a bell-shaped distribution) that fall within two standard
deviations of their mean is approximately:
a. 68%
b. 75%
c. 95%
d. 99%
ANSWER:

43.

Since the population is always larger than the sample, the population mean:
a. is always larger than the sample mean
b. is always smaller than the sample mean
c. is always larger than or equal to the sample mean
d. is always smaller than or equal to the sample mean
e. can be smaller than, or larger than, or equal to the sample mean
ANSWER: e

44.

Which of the following summary measures is affected most by outliers?

a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
a.

The median
The geometric mean
The range
The interquartile range
All of the above
ANSWER: c

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45.

The average score for a class of 30 students was 75. The 20 male students in the class
averaged 70. The 10 female students in the class averaged:
a. 75
b. 85
c. 65
d. 70
e. 80
ANSWER:

46.

Which of the following is not a measure of variability?

a. The range
b. The variance
c. The arithmetic mean
d. The standard deviation
e. The interquartile range
ANSWER: c

47.

Expressed in percentiles, the interquartile range is the difference between the

a. 10% and 60% values
b. 45% and 95% values
c. 25% and 75% values
d. 15% and 65% values
ANSWER: c

48.

Which of the following statements is true for the following data values: 7, 5, 6, 4, 7, 8, and 12?
a. The mean, median and mode are all equal
b. Only the mean and median are equal
c. Only the mean and mode are equal
d. Only the median and mode are equal
ANSWER: a

QUESTIONS #49 TO #58 MOVED (THEY BELONG IN TERM TEST 2

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59.

An approach of assigning probabilities which assumes that all outcomes of the experiment are
equally likely is referred to as the:
a. subjective approach
b. objective approach
c. classical approach
d. relative frequency approach
ANSWER: c

60.

If P(A) = 0.84, P(B) =0.76 and P(A or B) =0.90, then P(A and B) is:
a. 0.06
b. 0.14
c. 0.70
d. 0.83
ANSWER:

61.

If P(A) = 0.35, P(B) = 0.45 and P(A and B) =0.25, then P(A/B) is:
a. 1.4
b. 1.8
c. 0.714
d. 0.556
ANSWER:

62.

If P(A) = 0.20, P(B) = 0.30 and P(A and B) = 0.06, then A and B are:
a. dependent events
b. independent events
c. mutually exclusive events
d. complementary events
ANSWER: b

63.

If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.70, then P(B):
a. can be any value between 0 and 1
b. can be any value between 0 and 0.70
c. cannot be larger than 0.30
d. cannot be determined with the information given
ANSWER: c

64.

If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.60 and P(A/B) = 0.60, then P(B) is:
a. 1.20
b. 0.60
c. 0.36
d. Cannot be determined with the information given
ANSWER: d

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65.

If P(A) = 0.65, P(B) = 0.58, and P(A and B) = 0.76, then P(A or B) is:
a. 1.23
b. 0.47
c. 0.18
d. 0.11
ANSWER:

66.

If you roll an unbiased die 50 times, you should expect an even number to appear:
a. at least twice in the 50 rolls
b. on every other roll
c. 25 out of the 50 rolls
d. on the average, 25 out of the 50 rolls
ANSWER: d

67.

The collection of all possible outcomes of an experiment is called:

a. a simple event
b. a sample space
c. a sample
d. a population
ANSWER: b

68.

Which of the following is not an approach to assigning probabilities?

a. Classical approach
b. Trial and error approach
c. Relative frequency approach
d. Subjective approach
ANSWER: b

69.

A useful graphical method of constructing the sample space for an experiment is:
a. a tree diagram
b. a pie chart
c. a histogram
d. an ogive
ANSWER: a

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70.

A sample space of an experiment consists of the following outcomes: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. Which of

the following is a simple event?
a. at least 3
b. at most 2
c. 3
d. 15
ANSWER:
c

71.

Suppose P(A) = 0.35. The probability of complement of A is:

a. 0.35
b. 0.50
c. 0.65
d. -0.35
ANSWER:

72.

Assume that you invested $10,000 in each of three stocks. Each stock can increase in value,
decrease in value, or remain the same. Drawing a probability tree for this experiment will
show that the number of possible outcomes is:
a. 10,000
b. 3
c. 9
d. 27
ANSWER:

73.

An experiment consists of tossing 3 unbiased coins simultaneously. Drawing a probability

tree for this experiment will show that the number of simple events in this experiment is:
a. 3
b. 6
c. 9
d. None of the above answers is correct.
ANSWER: d

74.

If the events A and B are independent with P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) = 0.40, then the probability
that both events will occur simultaneously is:
a. 0.10
b. 0.12
c. 0.70
d. 0.75
ANSWER:

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75.

Two events A and B are said to be independent if:

a. P(A and B) = P(A) . P(B)
b. P(A and B) = P(A) + P(B)
c. P(A/B) = P(B)
d. P(B/A) = P(A)
ANSWER: a

76.

Two events A and B are said to mutually exclusive if:

a. P(A/B) = 1
b. P(B/A) =1
c. P(A and B) =1
d. P(A and B) = 0
ANSWER: d

77.

Which of the following statements is always correct?

a. P(A and B) = P(A) . P(B)
b. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B)
c. P(A or B) = P(A) + P(B) + P(A and B)
d. P(A) = 1-P ( AC )
ANSWER: d

78.

Which of the following is a requirement of the probabilities assigned to the outcomes Oi ?

a. P Oi 0
b. P Oi 1
c. 0 P Oi 1 for each i
d. P Oi 1 P(OiC )
ANSWER: c

79.

An experiment consists of three stages. There are two possible outcomes in the first stage,
three possible outcomes in the second stage, and four possible outcomes in the third stage.
Drawing a tree diagram for this experiment will show that the total number of outcomes is:
a. 9
b. 24
c. 26
d. 18
ANSWER:

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80.

Which of the following statements is correct given that the events A and B have nonzero
probabilities?
a. A and B cannot be both independent and mutually exclusive
b. A and B can be both independent and mutually exclusive
c. A and B are always independent
d. A and B are always mutually exclusive
ANSWER: a

81.

If A and B are mutually exclusive events, with P(A) = 0.20 and P(B) = 0.30, then P(A and B)
is:
a. 0.50
b. 0.10
c. 0.00
d. 0.06
ANSWER:

82.

If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.60 and P(B) = 0.70, then the probability that
A occurs or B occurs or both occur is:
a. 1.30
b. 0.88
c. 0.42
d. 0.10
ANSWER:

83.

If A and B are mutually exclusive events with P(A) = 0.30 and P(B) = 0.40, then P(A or B) is:
a. 0.10
b. 0.12
c. 0.70
d. None of the above answers is correct
ANSWER: c

84.

If A and B are independent events with P(A) = 0.20 and P(B) =0.60, then P(A/B) is:
a. 0.20
b. 0.60
c. 0.40
d. 0.80
ANSWER:

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85.

If P(A) = 0.25 and P(B) = 0.65, then P(A and B) is:

a. 0.25
b. 0.40
c. 0.90
d. Cannot be determined from the information given
ANSWER: d

86.

If a coin is tossed three times and a statistician predicts that the probability of obtaining three
heads in a row is 0.125, which of the following assumptions is irrelevant to his prediction?
a. The events are dependent
b. The events are independent
c. The coin is unbiased
d. All of the above assumptions are relevant to his prediction
ANSWER: a

87.

If an experiment consists of five outcomes with P(O1 ) 0.10, P(O2 ) 0.20, P(O3 ) 0.30,
P(O4 ) 0.40, then P(O5 ) is
a. 0.50
b. 0.25
c. 1.00
d. 0.00
ANSWER:

88.

Of the last 500 customers entering a supermarket, 50 have purchased a wireless phone. If the
classical approach for assigning probabilities is used, the probability that the next customer
will purchase a wireless phone is
a. 0.10
b. 0.90
c. 0.50
d. None of the above answers is correct
ANSWER: c

89.

Of the last 500 customers entering a supermarket, 50 have purchased a wireless phone. If the
relative frequency approach for assigning probabilities is used, the probability that the next
customer will purchase a wireless phone is
a. 0.10
b. 0.90
c. 0.50
d. None of the above answers is correct
ANSWER: a

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90.

If A and B are mutually exclusive events, with P(A) = 0.20 and P(B) = 0.30, then P(A/ B) is:
a. 0.50
b. 0.10
c. 0.00
d. 0.06
ANSWER:

91.

A study has been done to determine whether or not a certain drug leads to an improvement in
symptoms for patients with a particular medical condition. The results are shown in the
following table.
No
Improvement Improvement Total
Drug 270
530
800
No
Drug 120
280
400
Total 390
810
1200
What is the probability that a patient shows improvement if it is known that the patient
was given the drug?
a. 0.225
b. 0.4875
c. 0.6625
d. 0.3375
ANSWER:

92.

Suppose it is known that the patient shows improvement. Based on this table, what is the
(empirical) probability that the patient was given the drug?
a. 0.692
b. 0.308
c. 0.4875
d. 0.5125
ANSWER:

93.

A box contains four red, two white, and three green marbles, all of which are the same size.
Two marbles are selected one after the other from the box, without replacement. What is the
probability that the marbles are the same color?
a. 0.67
b. 0.014
c. 0.278
d. 0.545
ANSWER:

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94.

A company has three plants at which it produces a certain item. 30% are produced at Plant A,
50% at Plant B, and 20% at Plant C. Suppose that 1%, 4% and 3% of the items produced at
Plants A, B and C respectively are defective. If an item is selected at random from all those
produced, what is the probability that the item was produced at Plant B and is defective
a. 0.08
b. 0.02
c. 0.278
d. 0.545
ANSWER:

95.

A company has three plants at which it produces a certain item. 30% are produced at Plant A,
50% at Plant B, and 20% at Plant C. Suppose that 1%, 4% and 3% of the items produced at
Plants A, B and C respectively are defective. If an item is selected at random from all those
produced, what is the probability that it is defective
a. 0.029
b. 0.02
c. 0.08
d. 0.025
ANSWER:

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