Quetsion 1

(a) Soil stabilisation is done to improve the strength of soil and improve its load bearing capacity.
This process is appropriate where there are: Poor shear strength soils
Highly permeable soil masses
Highly incompressible soils, and
Poor bear capacity foundation soils

(b) Equipment to be used

(i)
Excavating a face Lattice girders
(ii)
Excavating a basement backator or backhole
(iii)
Excavating gravel in below water... minexcavator
(iv)
Transporting earth on distance not exceeding 100m.. dum

Shoko Pertwin ND1 Civil Eng. 2016

Question 2
Total excavation = 6.2 x4.8 x4.0
= 119.04 m3

Volume to be excavated by each man

119.04
6

= 19.84 m3

Volume to be excavated per hour

= (1.6m3/day)/ (8 hrs/day)
= 0.2m3/hr

Time taken by one man to complete

19.84
0.2

= 99.2hrs

Total wages

= (99.2x$6.50x6) + (99.2x$20)
= $5852.80

Overhead costs

15
100

x 5852.80

= $877.92

Total costs

= $(5852.80+877.92)
= $6730.72

Profit

12.5
100

= $841.34

Shoko Pertwin ND1 Civil Eng. 2016

x $6730.72

The total cost of excavation therefore

= $841.34 + $6730.72
= $7572.06

Question 3
(a) Advantages of a lump sum contract
Easy future reference, that is, its easier to identify a lump sum contract showing future
potential clients
Contactors selection is easy
Contractor will assign the best personnel

Disadvantages of a lump sum contract

Lack of accuracy in some areas which are not areas of specialisation
Change is difficult and costly
The tendered price may include high risk contingency
Competent contractor may decide to bid to avoid high risk lump sum contract

(b) Obligations of a contractor with the regard to wages, conditions to work and accommodation
The contractor is to have included in his offer all his costs for supplying all materials both for the
temporary and permanent works, labour including supervision on site. He or she should provide
transport for labourers to and from the site and within. Fencing and watching lights should be
made available for a secure and safe working environment. Paying of fees, taxes and duties to the
authorities and other things required for the constraction, erection, completion and maintainance
of the work.
All wages for the staff is to be paid on time and as per agreed terms. Benefits and awards are to be
paid in time as well.

(c) Price adjustment schedule

Shoko Pertwin ND1 Civil Eng. 2016

(d) Types of contracts in Zimbabwe

Fixed term contract
Is a contract which lasts for a specified time

Schedule cocontract
Can also be called item rate contract
For a schedule contract, the contractor undertakes the executionof work on an item rate basis.
The amount of money to be received by contractor depends upon th quantities of various items of
works actually executed.

Shoko Pertwin ND1 Civil Eng. 2016