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Oxidizing agents
1.
Acidified potassium
permanganate
2.
Acidified potassium
Half equations
Observation / O.N. changes
2+
+ 8H + 5e Mn
MnO 4
+ 4H2
Purple to colorless
O.N. of Mn +7 to +2
Cr 2 O 7
2
dichromate
+ 14H + 6e
2Cr
3+
+ 7H
Orange to green
O.N. of Cr +6 to + 3
3.
Chlorine water
2Cl
Cl 2 + 2e
Yellowish green to colorless

O.N. of Cl 0 to - 1
4.
2Br
Br 2 + 2e
Bromine
Brown to colorless
O.N. of Br 0 to -1
5.
Iodine solution
I 2 + 2e
2I
Brown to colorless
O.N. of I 0 to - 1
6.
Silver nitrate solution
Ag
Ag + e
Silvery solid is formed.

O.N. of Ag +1 to 0
7. (II)
Copper(II) sulphate
2+
Cu
+ 2e
Cu
Brown solid is formed.

O.N. of Cu +2 to 0
solution
8. (III)
Iron(III) sulphate s olution
3+
Fe
+ e Fe
2+
O.N. of Fe +3 to +2
+
4H +
2
SO4
+ 2e
SO2 + 2H 2 O
or
9.
Concentrated sulphuric
acid
Brown to pale green
SO2 + 2H 2 O +
2H 2 SO 4 + 2e
2
SO4
Colorless bubbles are formed.

O.N. of S +6 to +4
colorless gas
+
10.
2H + NO3
+e
NO2 + H2 O
Concentrated nitric acid
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Brown gas is formed.
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brown gas
+
4H + NO3
11.
Dilute or moderate conc.
O.N. of N +5 to +4
NO + 2H2 O
+ 3e
colorless gas
,
Colorless bubbles are formed.
Then it turns to brown gas.
2NO + O2 2NO2
O.N. of N +5 to +2 ( NO 3
nitric acid
NO
O.N. of N +2 to +4 (NO
brown gas
NO2)
Reducing agents
Half equations
/
Observation / O.N. changes
SO33
+ H22 O SO4
+ 2H + 2e
No observable change
Sodium sulphite
O.N. of S +4 to +6
/Sulphurous acid
2.
Sulphur dioxide
SO2 + 2H2 O SO4
+ 4H + 2e
No observable change
gas
O.N. of S +4 to +6
3. (II)
Iron(II) sulphate
2+
Fe
Fe
3+
+e
Pale green to brown
solution
O.N. of Fe +2 to +3
4.
Potassium iodide
2I
I2 + 2e
Colorless to brown
solution
O.N. of I - 1 to 0
5.
Potassium bromide
2Br
Br2 + 2e
Colorless to brown
solution
O.N. of Br - 1 to 0
6.
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2Cl
Cl2 + 2e
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Chloride ion
Yellowish green gas is formed.
Reaction occurs only when
O.N. of Cl - 1 to 0
conc. HCl + KMnO4

electrolysis of conc. NaCl solution
NaCl
Na Na + e
Metals dissolve.
7.
2+
+ 2e
2+
+ 2e
Mg Mg
O.N. of Na 0 to +1
O.N. of Mg 0 to +2
Metals
Cu Cu
O.N. of Cu 0 to +2
CuO (Cu)
They are used to reduce metal oxides
Black CuO turns brown (Cu).
likes
O.N. of C 0 to +4 C CO2
8. C, CO, H2, CH4
ZnO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 , SnO , PbO and

CuO
O.N. of C +2 to +4 CO
CO2
2CuO + C 2Cu + CO2
O.N. of H 0 to +1 H2 H2 O
town gas
CuO + CO Cu + CO2
O.N. of C - 4 to +4 CH 4
CuO + H2 Cu + H 2 O
CO2
4CuO + CH 4 4Cu + CO 2 +2H2 O O.N. of Cu +2 to 0 CuO Cu
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1.
5 10

( )
2.

10

1.
Decision making
2. Index
3.
state symbols
4. no observable change
no reaction
colour change state change
reagents positive result
()
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90
90
36
18 54
3 6 C E 2 0 0 3 P a p e r
I Q 4 a n d Q 5 3
1
a.
4 1
b.
c.
1 (point
form)
()
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(oxidant)
(reductant) (chemical
reaction) (half equation)
Practice made perfect
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P a s t P a p e r
90%
Past Paper
()
90
90
36
18 54
3 6
CE2003 Paper I Q4 and Q5
3 1
a.
4
1
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b.
c.
1
(point form)
()
90 7 6
1 1
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+>->+
X /
1234
1
2
3
4
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1.

2. SO2 S
+4 4 4+ NaCl Cl -1 1
1-
3.

4.
NaNO3 Na2SO4 NH4NO3

5.

6.

7. (II) (II)

8.

Zn + 2HNO3 Zn(NO3)2 + H2
3Zn + 8HNO3 3Zn(NO3)2 + 2NO + 4H2O
9.

(II)
10.
H2SO4(l) H2SO4(aq)
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11.

12.

13.

14.

15.

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(oxidant)
(reductant) (chemical reaction)
(half equation)
Practice made perfect
Past Paper
90%
Past Paper
3.
A.
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+
Li

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B.
C.

(IlI)

(II)

pH

pH

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D.
CuO O 2+
H2O2 O 12
1M (II)
O2-
(O)
E.
32.0 g
28.0 g 71.0 g
(NaOCl)
(C12H22O11)(C6H12O6)
F.

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(II)(II)

()
G.
()

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2+
2+
Ca Mg
1.

(1 45 )
64%

(1 ) 36%
60%
40%
4 5 effective communication 3 6 3
1
1.
4 1
2.
3.
1 1
1 2 key points

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Hea

Observation / O.N. changes

Yellowish green to colorless

Silver nitrate solution

Silvery solid is formed.

Brown solid is formed.

Brown to pale green

Colorless bubbles are formed.

Concentrated nitric acid

Brown gas is formed.

SO2 + 2H2 O SO4

Pale green to brown

Yellowish green gas is formed.

Reaction occurs only when

conc. HCl + KMnO4

They are used to reduce metal oxides

Black CuO turns brown (Cu).

ZnO , Fe2O3 , Fe3O4 , SnO , PbO and

4CuO + CH 4 4Cu + CO 2 +2H2 O O.N. of Cu +2 to 0 CuO Cu

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