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Laboratory Report
Patrick Santos, Melissa Suelto, Byron Leander Tan, Chelsea Leigh Tan, Kyle Gabriel Tanchuling,
Angelica Uy
Department of Chemistry
College of Science, University of Santo Tomas
Espaa, Manila Philippines
Abstract
Friction is the force between
two surfaces rubbing together. In this
experiment,
the
area
of
contact,
normal force, and nature of surfaces in
contact were correlated with friction. The
air resistance and the effect of lubricant
were also discussed.
I. Introduction
Frictional resistance to the relative
motion of two solid objects is usually
proportional to the force which presses the
surfaces together as well as the roughness of
the surfaces. Since it is the force
perpendicular or "normal" to the surfaces
which affects the frictional resistance, this
force is typically called the "normal force"
and designated by N. The frictional force is
also presumed to be proportional to
the coefficient of friction. However, the
amount of force required to move an object
starting from rest is usually greater than the
force required to keep it moving at constant
velocity once it is started. Therefore two
coefficients of friction are sometimes quoted
1 |Group 8
Where
m is mass
N is weight
Frictional
force
is
II. Theory
Consider a block of wood resting on
a wood board being pulled by a spring scale.
At first, the block against the board is not
moving. This force applied is countered by
an opposite force which is the static friction.
This is the maximum force and could have
before it starts moving. It was obtained in
the experiment by recording the reading of
the speed balance as fsmax expressed in its SI
unit: N.
The motion of the brick can be
retained with a much smaller force than the
starting friction. The fK is the force required
to move the block with constant velocity. It
was obtained in the experiment by recording
the reading of the speed balance while it is
moving in a constant velocity as fk expressed
in its SI unit: N.
The Normal Force obtained is simply
defined as the component perpendicular to
the object. It can be expressed using this
formula, N=mgcos . However, in the
absence of other perpendicular forces, the
normal force is equal in magnitude to the
load.
N=mg
(where
directly
f N .
f =N=
f
N
is a unitless coefficient of
friction).
The maximum force applied in a
resting object until such time before it
moves, or the fsmax, was used in order to
s
compute for the
. The coefficient of
maximum static friction was obtained by
using this formula
s =
kinetic friction
normal force
s k
. More
fsmax (N)
0.735
0.735
0.735
al Force
70 N
70 N
70 N
60 N
and K =
Kinetic Friction
normal force
fK
0.25 N
0.37 N
0.61 N
0.74 N
s
0.363 N
0.397 N
0.417 N
0.132 N
Table 3
urface in Contact
Wood and wood
d and aluminum foil
ood and sand paper
od and plastic cover
fsmax
0.735 N
0.49 N
0.784 N
0.343 N
tested upon.
Activity 5
Table 4
Number of Filters
1
2
3
4
5
Terminal Velocity
-1.824 m/s
-1.833 m/s
-2.074 m/s
-2.251 m/s
-2.031 m/s
V. Conclusion
The first hypothesis presented was
that the coefficient of friction will depend
on, and increase in proportion to, not only
the obvious object-to-object contact, but on
the time the weight is on the block as well
the coefficient of friction does not
completely depend on the amount of time a
force is being applied. The maximum force
of static friction that exists between two
surfaces is proportional to the normal force
and mostly independent of area of contact.
This situation is shown here that N = the
total normal force is the force that
perpendicular to the horizontal surface,
which is essentially the weight of the object.
The coefficient in that equation is called the
coefficient of static friction and that depends
4 |Group 8
. The
0.38,
respectively.
The
friction?
a) (0.45)(1000 N) = 450 N
b) (0.38)(1000 N) = 380 N
So
parachute
decreases
resistance.
VII.
References
http://dev.physicslab.org/docum
ent.aspx?
doctype=3&filename=dynamics
_terminalvelocity.xml
[5] The Physics Hypertext Motion.
(2016, September 29).
Retrieved from
http://physics.info/motion/
[6] Wilson, J. D., & Hernandez-Hall, C.
A. (2010). Physics Laboratory
Experiments 7th ed. USA:
Cengage Learning.
7 |Group 8