CHAPTER 1.

0
ABOUT THE ORGANISATION
Company Profile
Name

V!vek InfoTech

Registration

Vivek Information and Technology

Company Logo

Foundation Logo

Tag line

Quick and Relible Soulations

Founder

Vivekanand M Bonal

Establishing Year

2012

Website

www.vivekinfotech.in

Email

info@vivekinfotech.com

Products

VLSI design, Web Development, Research Out-Sorucing, Digital

Marketting, Electronics & Control System Research Optimization,
Cloud Application Development , Resrearch for IoT

Affiliations

Karnataka,Telangana

Registered
Authority

and

Verifying Govt. of Karnataka and Govt.of Telangna INDIA

Branches Address

M-Tech(VlSI Design& ES)

Sreemaan Rama Towers, Dilsukhnagar, Hyderabad - 60,

Madina Complex PDA Engg College Road Gulbarga 02

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PREFACE
This book is about information manual for a company named Vivek InfoTech. This company
is meant for Project Consultancy, Research and Development, Corporate training and
Software development.
Academic Project Guidance
B.E/B.Tech EEE, ECE, TCE, CSE, IT, MECH.
M.E/M.Tech P.E&D, Power Systems, VLSI Design, Embedded Systems, Digital Signal
Processing, Digital Electronics and Communications, Applied Electronics, CSE & MCA,
Diploma DEEE, DECE, DCSE,
This will comprise of the training on the domain in which they do their project including
practical sessions (Hardware/Software).
OVERVIEW
V!vek InfoTech provides exposure of developing a project in professional style with
innovative learning experience in the areas of Power Electronics, Digital Image/Signal
Processing, Embedded systems, VLSI Design, Fuzzy Logic, Neural Network and Open
Source Software solutions.
V!VEK INFOTECH
Acts as technical guide and solution provider on Power Electronics, Digital Image/Signal
Processing, Embedded systems, VLSI Design, NS2 and assists Graduates, Post Graduates
and PhD scholars to use us for executing their projects. It also ensures effective service
management to achieve customers definition of quality of service.

The Company
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V!vek InfoTech is a Hyderabad and Gulbarga based Engineering Project Consultancy

associated with an independent R & D unit. The field that we are excellent in is Power
Electronics, Digital Image/Signal Processing, Embedded systems, DSP application in Electric
Drives. Apart from that, we provide IT solutions including web design, Office Automation
software like attendance management system, billing system, library management system,
payroll system.

ABOUT US
V!VEK INFOTECH Pvt Ltd is built by a group of highly trained professionals. We are a
young and promising team focusing on providing the innovative solutions to the clients. This
team focuses on the creative and innovative idea of the young dynamic budding engineers.
We help you to get trained in your domain practically.
We helps you in all the domains like Image Processing, Signal Processing, Video
Processing, Telecommunication, Networking, Cloud computing, Data Mining, web
deigning, Android, Network Simulation(Ns2), Embedded systems, VLSI, Power
Electronics, Power systems etc..

For all B.E & M-Tech branches. We are also providing

Projects in PLC and SCADA. Hardware also provided for required projects. They are
pleased to serve our student and clients with our fulfilled and satisfied service.

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MISSION

V!vek InfoTech aims at taking technical skills to the next level. We are a young and
promising team focusing on providing the innovative solutions to the clients.
At V!vek InfoTech , we provide in-depth training and classes will be conducted by industry
professionals. Our main aim is to put theoretical knowledge into practice and also give an
exposure to professional style of developing a project with innovative learning experience.
V!vek InfoTech deliver customer friendly Services that are on par with international
standards in timely Execution of projects with precision.
VISION

We believe in the unity and mutual understanding between our developers and Our clients
(Students) which makes us to complete our mission successfully with full involvement.
This helps us to complete our projects with high quality and satisfaction.

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SERVICES
WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT
V!vek InfoTech has an experienced team of web designers and programmers. Our Major
focus is on exceptional quality. We are constantly striving to provide innovative solutions that
can help our clients stand out in mediocrity and be the one difficult to compete in the
industry.

V!vek InfoTech designers keep their highest priority in web designing for the basic concept
of bringing the end user experience to the next level and making user friendly design.
Usability and accessibility are our primary goals with every new product we develop.

V!vek InfoTech is an experienced team of web designers, programmers. Our Major focus is
exceptional quality. We are constantly in pursuit of innovative solutions that can help our
clients stand out in the sea of mediocrity that is the internet today. Just as high on our list of
priorities is the basic concept of bringing the end user experience to the next level. Usability
and accessibility are our primary goals with every new product we develop.
V!vek InfoTech designers with the forward thinking approach to Web Design & Web
Development strive to design well-built websites with a high level of functionality.

WEBSITE MAINTENANCE

V!vek InfoTech Website maintenance team focuses on not only developing websites, but also
maintaining the quality and being on-par with contemporary websites being built for the same
business. Under V!vek InfoTech website maintenance, you can be sure that your website
stays high in the search engine and the content are updated and fresh to the industry to
compete with the new search engine rules.

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It offers the following maintenance services in the website maintenance package.

Periodic addition of new web pages.

New rules to make the website sustain in the top level in search engine.
Checking mail links, revising and editing the existing content.
Unlimited number of changes in the text content.
Entirely re-designing the pages in the website or editing the graphic work of the
website.

If you are sure that your website will need constant changes then opt for the V!vek InfoTech
Website Maintenance contract which offers all the above facilities in a minimal and very
reasonable package with all week days and week end support from our technical team.

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DOMAIN NAME SUGGESTION, REGISTRATION AND MAINTENANCE

V!vek InfoTech provides the complete range of Domain Name Services, including both
registration and delegation, across a wide variety of domain types. We can deliver a one-stopshop to all businesses for all DNS requirements, with a focus on achieving a reliable, flexible
and cost-effective outcome.

Domain names provide your business with a 'presence' on the Internet, and can both establish
and protect your brand. Domain name registration with V!vek InfoTech gives you good
value at a great price. You can register a 1-year domain or a 5-year domain for a very
reasonable price.

With each domain name you register at V!vek InfoTech, you receive unlimited Web
forwarding, lock-protect security and many more services completely free. If you transfer an
existing domain name to V!vek InfoTech, you get these services plus one free year on your
domain registration.
HOSTING SERVICES
V!vek InfoTech also offers a variety of Web hosting packages. Now it's easier than ever to
register a domain name and host your own personal or small business Web site. If you haven't
given us a try, now's the time! See how our cheap domain name and web hosting services
have made many of our customers happy since 2012.

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CHAPTER 2.0
ABOUT THE DEPARTMENT

1) DIGITAL SIGNAL PROCESSING (DSP)

Digital signal processing (DSP) is the numerical manipulation of signals, usually with the
intention to measure, filter, produce or compress continuous analog signals. It is characterized
by the use of digital signals to represent these signals as discrete time, discrete frequency, or
other discrete domain signals in the form of a sequence of numbers or symbols to permit the
digital processing of these signals.
Theoretical analyses and derivations are typically performed on discrete-time signal models,
created by the abstract process of sampling. Numerical methods require a digital signal, such
as those produced by an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). The processed result might be a
frequency spectrum or a set of statistics. But often it is another digital signal that is converted
back to analog form by a digital-to-analog converter (DAC). Even if that whole sequence is
more complex than analog processing and has a discrete value range, the application of
computational power to signal processing allows for many advantages over analog processing
in many applications, such as error detection and correction in transmission as well as data
compression.

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Digital signal processing and analog signal processing are subfields of signal processing.
DSP applications include audio and speech signal processing, sonar and radar signal
processing, sensor array processing, spectral estimation, statistical signal processing, digital
image processing, signal processing for communications, control of systems, biomedical
signal processing, seismic data processing, among others. DSP algorithms have long been run
on standard computers, as well as on specialized processors called digital signal processors,
and on purpose-built hardware such as application-specific integrated circuit (ASICs).
Currently, there are additional technologies used for digital signal processing including more
powerful general purpose microprocessors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), digital
signal controllers (mostly for industrial applications such as motor control), and stream
processors, among others.
Digital signal processing can involve linear or nonlinear operations. Nonlinear signal
processing is closely related to nonlinear system identification and can be implemented in
the time, frequency, and spatio-temporal domains.
Applications of DSP
The main applications of DSP are audio signal processing, audio compression, digital image
processing,

video

compression,

speech

processing,

speech

recognition,

digital

communications, radar, sonar, financial signal processing, seismology and biomedicine.

Specific examples are speech compression and transmission in digital mobile phones, room
correction of sound in hi-fi and sound reinforcement applications, weather forecasting,
economic forecasting, seismic data processing, analysis and control of industrial processes,
medical imaging such as CAT scans and MRI, MP3 compression, computer graphics, image
manipulation, hi-fi loudspeaker crossovers and equalization, and audio effects for use with
electric guitar amplifiers.
2) DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

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Digital image processing deals with manipulation of digital images through a digital
computer. It is a subfield of signals and systems but focus particularly on images. DIP focuses
on developing a computer system that is able to perform processing on an image. The input
of that system is a digital image and the system process that image using efficient algorithms,
and gives an image as an output. The most common example is Adobe Photoshop. It is one of
the widely used application for processing digital images.
Applications of Digital Image Processing
Some of the major fields in which digital image processing is widely used are mentioned
below

Image sharpening and restoration

Medical field

Remote sensing

Transmission and encoding

Machine/Robot vision

Color processing

Pattern recognition

Video processing

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Microscopic Imaging

3) DIGITAL VIDEO PROCESSING

A video signal is the term used to describe any sequence of time varying images. A still image
is a spatial distribution of intensities that remain constant with time while a time varying
image has a spatial intensity distribution that varies with time. Movies (films) and television
are both examples of video signals as are the signals that drive computer monitor, laptop and
PDA displays. It is widely expected that video communications in particular will be the next
application driving the mobile and handheld device market. This course should give you the
tools to understand the components that are necessary for such systems to operate effectively

Applications Of Digital Video Processing

Motion tracking
HD videos
Video Editing
Surveilance cameras
video compression
Video coding

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4) EMBEDDED SYSTEMS:

An embedded system is a computer system with a dedicated function within a larger

mechanical or electrical system, often with real-time computing constraints. It is embedded as
part of a complete device often including hardware and mechanical parts. Embedded systems
control many devices in common use today.
Examples of properties typical of embedded computers when compared with general-purpose
ones are low power consumption, small size, rugged operating ranges, and low per-unit cost.
This comes at the price of limited processing resources, which make them significantly more
difficult to program and to interface with. However, by building intelligence mechanisms on
the top of the hardware, taking advantage of possible existing sensors and the existence of a
network of embedded units, one can both optimally manage available resources at the unit
and network levels as well as provide augmented functionalities, well beyond those available.
For example, intelligent techniques can be designed to manage power consumption of
embedded systems.
Modern embedded systems are often based on microcontrollers (i.e. CPUs with integrated
memory or peripheral interfaces) but ordinary microprocessors (using external chips for
memory and peripheral interface circuits) are also still common, especially in more complex
systems. In either case, the processor(s) used may be types ranging from general purpose to
those specialised in certain class of computations, or even custom designed for the
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application at hand. A common standard class of dedicated processors is the digital signal
processor (DSP).
Since the embedded system is dedicated to specific tasks, design engineers can optimize it to
reduce the size and cost of the product and increase the reliability and performance. Some
embedded systems are mass-produced, benefiting from economies of scale.
Embedded systems range from portable devices such as digital watches and MP3 players, to
large stationary installations like traffic lights, factory controllers, and largely complex
systems like hybrid vehicles, MRI, and avionics. Complexity varies from low, with a single
microcontroller chip, to very high with multiple units, peripherals and networks mounted
inside a large chassis or enclosure.

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5) ROBOTICS:
Robotics is the branch of mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, electronic
engineering and computer science that deals with the design, construction, operation, and
application of robots, as well as computer systems for their control, sensory feedback, and
information processing.
These technologies deal with automated machines that can take the place of humans in
dangerous environments or manufacturing processes, or resemble humans in appearance,
behavior, and/or cognition. Many of today's robots are inspired by nature contributing to the
field of bio-inspired robotics.
The concept of creating machines that can operate autonomously dates back to classical
times, but research into the functionality and potential uses of robots did not grow
substantially until the 20th century. Throughout history, it has been frequently assumed that
robots will one day be able to mimic human behavior and manage tasks in a human-like
fashion. Today, robotics is a rapidly growing field, as technological advances continue;
researching, designing, and building new robots serve various practical purposes, whether
domestically, commercially, or militarily. Many robots do jobs that are hazardous to people
such as defusing bombs, mines and exploring shipwrecks.
Applications of robotics

Space Robotics
Underwater Robotics
Electric Mobility
Logistics, Production and Consumer (LPC)
Search and Rescue (SAR) & Security Robotics
Assistance- and Rehabilitation Systems
Agricultural Robotics

6) VLSI DESIGN

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Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by

combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. VLSI began in the 1970s when
complex semiconductor and communication technologies were being developed. The
microprocessor is a VLSI device. Before the introduction of VLSI technology most ICs had a
limited set of functions they could perform. An electronic circuit might consist of a CPU,
ROM, RAM and other glue logic. VLSI lets IC designers add all of these into one chip.
Applications of VLSI Design

Application-specific integrated circuit

Caltech Cosmic Cube

Design rules checking

Electronic design automation

Poly silicon

Mead & Conway revolution

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7) POWER ELECTRONICS

Power electronics is the application of solid-state electronics to the control and conversion of
electric power. It also refers to a subject of research in electronic and electrical engineering
which deals with the design, control, computation and integration of nonlinear, time-varying
energy-processing electronic systems with fast dynamics.
The first high power electronic devices were mercury-arc valves. In modern systems the
conversion is performed with semiconductor switching devices such as diodes, thyristors and
transistors, pioneered by R. D. Middlebrook and others beginning in the 1950s. In contrast to
electronic systems concerned with transmission and processing of signals and data, in power
electronics substantial amounts of electrical energy are processed. An AC/DC converter
(rectifier) is the most typical power electronics device found in many consumer electronic
devices, e.g. television sets, personal computers, battery chargers, etc. The power range is
typically from tens of watts to several hundred watts. In industry a common application is the
variable speed drive (VSD) that is used to control an induction motor. The power range of
VSDs start from a few hundred watts and end at tens of megawatts.
The power conversion systems can be classified according to the type of the input and output
power
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AC to DC (rectifier)

DC to AC (inverter)

DC to DC (DC-to-DC converter)

AC to AC (AC-to-AC converter)

8) POWER SYSTEM

An electric power system is a network of electrical components used to supply, transmit and
use electric power. An example of an electric power system is the network that supplies a
region's homes and industry with powerfor sizable regions, this power system is known as
the grid and can be broadly divided into the generators that supply the power, the
transmission system that carries the power from the generating centres to the load centres and
the distribution system that feeds the power to nearby homes and industries. Smaller power
systems are also found in industry, hospitals, commercial buildings and homes. The majority
of these systems rely upon three-phase AC powerthe standard for large-scale power
transmission and distribution across the modern world. Specialised power systems that do not
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always rely upon three-phase AC power are found in aircraft, electric rail systems, ocean
liners and automobiles.
9) NETWORK SIMULATION

A network simulator is software that predicts the behavior of a computer network. Since
communication Networks have become too complex for traditional analytical methods to
provide an accurate understanding of system behavior network simulator are used. In
simulators, the computer network is typically modeled with devices, links, applications etc.
and the performance is analysed. Simulators typically come with support for the most popular
technologies and networks in use today.
10) TELECOMMUNICATION

Telecommunication occurs

when

the

exchange

of information between

two

or

more entities (communication) includes the use of technology. Communication technology

uses channels to transmit information (as electrical signals), either over a physical medium
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(such as signal cables), or in the form of electromagnetic waves. The word is often used in its
plural form, telecommunications, because it involves many different technologies.
11) CLOUD COMPUTING

Cloud computing, also known as on-demand computing, is a kind of internet-based

computing, where shared resources and information are provided to computers and other
devices on-demand. It is a model for enabling ubiquitous, on-demand access to a shared pool
of configurable computing resources.Cloud computing and storage solutions provide users
and enterprises with various capabilities to store and process their data in third-party data
centers.It relies on sharing of resources to achieve coherence and economies of scale, similar
to a utility (like the electricity grid) over a network. At the foundation of cloud computing is
the broader concept of converged infrastructure and shared services.Cloud computing is a
model for enabling ubiquitous, convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of
configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications and services)
that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort.

12) DATAMINING:

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Data mining is an interdisciplinary subfield of computer science involvingprocesses of data

set discovery utilizing intersecting methodologies (artificial intelligence, machine learning,
statistics, and database system(s) etc. The overall goal of the data mining process is
transformative structural application(s). Aside from the raw analysis step, it involves database
and data management aspects, data pre-processing, model and inference considerations,
interestingness metrics, complexity considerations, post-processing of discovered structures,
visualization, and online updating.

13) BIG DATA

'Big data is a broad term for data sets so large or complex that traditional data processing
applications are inadequate. Challenges include analysis, capture, data curation, search,
sharing, storage, transfer, visualization, and information privacy. The term often refers simply
to the use of predictive analytics or other certain advanced methods to extract value from
data, and seldom to a particular size of data set. Accuracy in big data may lead to more
confident decision making. And better decisions can mean greater operational efficiency, cost
reduction and reduced risk.

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14) ANDROID (OPERATING SYSTEM)

Android is a mobile operating system (OS) currently developed by Google, based on the
Linux kernel and designed primarily for touchscreen mobile devices such as smartphones and
tablets. Android's user interface is based on direct manipulation, using touch gestures that
loosely correspond to real-world actions, such as swiping, tapping and pinching, to
manipulate on-screen objects, along with a virtual keyboard for text input. In addition to
touch screen devices, Google has further developed Android TV for televisions, Android
Auto for cars, and Android Wear for wrist watches, each with a specialized user interface.
Variants of Android are also used on notebooks, game consoles, digital cameras, and other
electronics. As of 2015, Android has the largest installed base of all operating systems. It is
the second most commonly used mobile operating system in the United States.

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