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2.6 Loo
op Antenna
The far fields of an eleectrically smaall loop anten
nna are depenndent on the looop area but are independdent of
s
Here we
w considered a square loop
p, for finding out the far-fiield of an elecctrically smalll loop
the loop shape.
antenna. The
T square lo
oop, located in the x-y plaane and centeered at the cooordinate oriigin, is assum
med to
2
have an arrea of l and carry a uniforrm current I 0 .
The squarre loop may be
b viewed ass four segmen
nts which eacch represent aan infinitesim
mal dipole carrrying
current in
n a different direction.
d
In th
he far field, th
he distance vvectors from tthe centers off the four segm
ments
become allmost parallell.
l
R1 r sin sin
2
l
R2 r sin cos
2
l
(2..38)
R3 r sin sin
2
l
R4 r sin cos
2
As always in far field expressions, the above approximations are used in the phase terms of the magnetic
vector potential, but we may assume that R1 R2 R3 R4 r for the magnitude terms. The far
field magnetic vector potential of a z-directed infinitesimal dipole centered at the origin is
I 0l jkr
e
az
4 r
The individual far field magnetic vector potential contributions due to the four segments of the current
loop are
I l jk r sin sin
A1 0 e 2
ax
4 r
I l jk r sin cos
A2 0 e 2
ay
4 r
I l jk r sin sin
A3 0 e 2
(a x )
4 r
I l jk r sin cos
A4 0 e 2
(a y )
4 r
(2.39)
A1 A3
jkr e 2
e 2
I 0l
a
e
4 r
I 0l jkr kl
e
sin sin sin a x
2 r
2
A2 A4
jkr e 2
e 2
I 0l
a
e
4 r
I 0l jkr kl
e
sin sin cos a y
2 r
2
For an electrically small loop (l << ), the arguments of the sine functions above are very small and may
be approximated according to
sin( x ) x
x 1
which gives
A1 A3 j
k I 0l 2 jkr
sin sin ax
e
4 r
A2 A4 j
k I 0l 2 jkr
e
sin cos a y
4 r
k I 0 S jkr
e
sin sin a x cos a y
4 r
2
where S l = loop area. The bracketed term above is the spherical coordinate unit vector
A j
a .
k I 0 S jkr
e
sin a
4 r
This is far field magnetic vector potential for a electrically small current loop.
The corresponding far fields are
E j A
H j
k I 0 S jkr
sin
e
4 r
k I 0 S jkr
A
e
sin
4 r
k 2
(2.40)
(2.41)
k 2
k 2 I 0 S jkr
sin
e
4 r
k 2 I 0 S jkr
sin
H
e
4 r
(2.42)
The fields radiated by an electrically small loop antenna can be increased by adding multiple turns. For
the far-field, the added height of multiple turns is immaterial and the resulting far fields for a multiple
turn loop antenna can be found by simply multiplying the single turn loop antenna fields by the number of
turn N. So the far-field for electrically small multiple turn current loop is
E
k 2 NI 0 S jkr
sin
e
4 r
k 2 NI 0 S jkr
sin
e
4 r
(2.43)
After finding the field components, the other parameters of the antenna can be found out by using the
procedure discussed in Module I and in the present Module (Module II).