Listofchemistrymnemonics

FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Amnemonicisamemoryaidusedtoimprovelongtermmemoryandmaketheprocessofconsolidationeasier.Many
chemistryaspects,rules,namesofcompounds,sequencesofelements,theirreactivity,etc.,canbeeasilyandefficiently
memorizedwiththehelpofmnemonics.Thisarticlecontainsthelistofcertainmnemonicsinchemistry.

Orbitals
Sequenceoforbitals
spdfghik
SoberPhysicistsDon't
FindGiraffesHidingIn
Kitchens.
Note:Afterthekshell,they
followalphabeticalorder
(skippingsandpastheycame
earlier).[1]

Aufbauprinciple
1s22s22p63s23p64s23d10...
Theorderofsequenceofatomic
orbitals(accordingtoMadelung
ruleorKlechkowskirule)canbe
rememberedbythefollowing.

Contents
1 Orbitals
1.1 Sequenceoforbitals
1.2 Aufbauprinciple
2 Periodictable
2.1 Periods
2.2 Transitionmetals
2.3 Lanthanidesandactinides
2.4 56elementsinsequence
2.5 Groups
3 Propertiesofelements
3.1 Abundanceofelementsonearth'scrust
3.2 Activityseriesofmetals
3.3 Electronegativity
3.4 Electrochemicalseries
4 Reactionsandions
4.1 Redoxreactions
4.2 Ions
4.3 Cationsandanions
4.4 Cationvs.anion:positivevs.negative
4.5 Oxidationvs.reduction:electrochemicalcellandelectrongain/loss
4.6 Electrodes
5 Compounds
5.1 Diatomicmolecules
5.2 Hydrogenbonds
5.3 Polyatomicions:ateanditeions
6 Organicchemistry
6.1 Carboxylicacids
6.2 Dicarboxylicacids
6.3 Aromaticcompounds
6.4 EZnotationforisomers
6.5 Cistransisomerism
6.6 Benzenering:orderofsubstitutes
7 Biochemistry
7.1 Essentialaminoacids
7.2 Krebscycle
7.3 Plantnutrients
8 Seealso
9 References
10 Furtherreading
11 Externallinks

Orderinwhichorbitalsarearrangedbyincreasing
energyaccordingtotheMadelungrule.Eachdiagonal
redarrowcorrespondstoadifferentvalueofn+l.

Periodictable
Periods
Periods1,2and3
HHeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClAr
EASIESTANDPOPULAR:*HiHeLiedBecauseBoronCouldNotOxidizeFluorine.NewNationsMightAlsoSign
PeaceSecurityClause.ArthurKingCan.(tillCa)
LittleBenBecameCharliesNumberOneFightingNemesis.
NativeMagpiesAlwaysSitPeacefullySearchingClearAreas.[2]
HappyHenryLikesBeerButCouldNotObtainFourNuts.
NaughtyMagpiesAlwaysSingPerfectSongsClawingAnts.
HereHeLiesBeneathBedClothes,NothingOn,FeelingNervous.
NaughtyMargaretAlwaysSighs,"PleaseStopClowningAround."[3]
HiHelloLittleBeryllBrownCrackingNutsOnFriday.
Nellie'sNaughtyMagpieAlwaysSingsPopSongsClearly
AfterKillingCathy.[3]
Hi!HeLiesBecauseBoronCanNotOxidizeFluorine.NecromanticNatoMg(abbv.formakegood)
AllSiliconPorts.SupermanCleanArgon'sKCapture.[4]
HappyHarryListensBBCNetworkOverFranceNeverthelessNothingMoreAroseSoPeterStoppedCleaning
AirgunKCa.[5]
HisHeadmasterLeftBeforeBasseyCouldNowOvercomeForceNowadaysSomeMenAreSoProudSoCould
ArrangePartiesCasually.
HarryHelpedLittleBennyBalmerCarryNeatOrangesFromNeptune'sNaturalMenagerieAlwaysSinging
PoliteSonnetsClearlyArfKeyCasually.
HarryHelpesLittleBettyBrownCrackNutsOnFridayNights.
Ha.HealthyLittleBeggarBoysCatchingNewtsOrFish.[6]

Hell,HereLittleBeatniksBrandishCountlessNumberOfFlickkNives.[7]
NaggingMaggieAlwaysSighs,"PleaseStopClowningAround."[3](adapted)
Period4
K(Potassium)CaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
PoKeyCaptainScansTightVirginCrewMembersFerColdNightCuddles.ZanyGrayGermsAreSoldBy
Kremlin.
Inreverseorder:KryBrother!SeAsofGermanyandGaulsinkcoppershipsNiceandColdFromManxto
Crimea,VancouvertoTimor,andScandinaviatotheCaliforniaKoast.[8]

Transitionmetals
First
ScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZn
"Sc"ience"Ti"cher"V"ery"Cr"uel"'M"a"n"F"r"ee"Co"achingto"Ni"dy"C"o"u"sin"Z"
ScaryTinyViciousCreaturesareMeanFemalesComeNightlytoClubZ.[9]
ScabbyTimViolatesCrummy,Mangy,Ferrets,CowsandNiceCuteZebras.[10]
SucTionVelCroManFearsCoNiCuZi.
Second
YZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCd
YesS(Z)ir,NiobiandMostTechniciansRubRhondaPadilla'ssilver(Ag)Cadillac.[9]
U(Y)ser(Zr):Noob.MoaTscRushR(h)eallyPointydAggers,Cod.
Third
La...HfTaWReOsIrPtAuHg
Larry'sHalfTaken,WendyReachedOutH(I)erPlateAudibly,Helga.[9]
LoudHootfeared.TaWnyRedOwls'IratePlotsActuallyHurtgardeners.

Lanthanidesandactinides
Lanthanides
(La)CePrNdPmSmEuGdTbDyHoErTmYbLu
LameCelibatePrudesNeedPromiscuousSmutwithEuropeanGods.TroublesomeDyingHo,it'sEroticTime,
YoubitchLust!
LadiesCan'tPutNickelsProperlyinSlotmachines.EveryGirlTriesDaily,However,EveryTimeYouLook.[11]
LanguidCentaursPraiseNed'sPromiseofSmallEuropeanGardenTubsDinosaursHobbleErratically
ThrummingYellowLutes.[12]
LondonCorporationPassengersNeedPaddedSeatsEspeciallyGoingToDartford.HoweverEvenTheyYell
Loudly.
Actinides
(Ac)ThPaUNpPuAmCmBkCfEsFmMdNoLr

RadiantActingThoroughlyProtectsyoUrNepotism,PlutocraticAmericaCuresme&BerkeleyCalifornia,
EinsteinFirmlyMendedNobleLawreins.[13]
ThreePlanets:Uranus,Neptune,andPluto.AmyCuredBerkeley,California.EinsteinandFermiMadeNoble
Laws.[9]

56elementsinsequence
HeLiBeBCNOFNeNaMgAlSiPSClAr
KCaScTiVCrMnFeCoNiCuZnGaGeAsSeBrKr
RbSrYZrNbMoTcRuRhPdAgCdInSnSbTeIXe
CsBa
HereLiesBenjaminBones.CryNotOhFriendNeedlessly.
NatureMagnifiesAllSimplePeopleSometimesClownsAnd
KingsCanScreamTillVastCrowdsMoan.FearConquersNeitherCourageousZealous
GallantGents.AsSeenBrownKarateRobesStripYobs.ZurichNobleMortalsTrackRuddyRhubarb.Paid
SilverCandid
IndianSonsSobbingTearsInXcessCeaseBawling.[4]

Groups
Group1(alkalimetals)
LiNaKRbCsFr
Lithium,Sodium,Potassium,Rubidium,Cesium,Francium

LIttleNAstyKidsRuBCatSFuR
LittleNaughtyKidsRuinBen'sConvenientStoreForever
Rememberthathydrogenisnotanalkalimetal
Group2(alkalineearthmetals)
BeMgCaSrBaRa
Beryllium,Magnesium,Calcium,Strontium,Barium,Radium
BeardedMuggersCameStraightBackRapidly.
BeerMugsCanServeBarRats.[9]
BeMgKaSarBaharRah
Group13
BAlGaInTl
Boron,Aluminum,Gallium,Indium,Thallium
BoringAluminumGalleysIndigestibleTallylist.[13]
BearsAlwaysGaveIndiansTrouble.[9]
BAGIT(bagit)
BoundingAlligator'sGatesIncreaseTerribly

BringAllGasInThailand
BaAlGangadharIndianTilak
BoysAndGalsInToilet
Group14
CSiGeSnPb
Carbon,Silicon,Germanium,Tin,Lead
CanSillyGermansSnatch(Tiny)Public(Lead).
CanSimpleGermansSnare(Tiny)Public(Lead)?[9]
ChemistrySirGivesSnappyProblems.
ChakuSinghGreatSonOfPunjab
Group15(pnictogens)
NPAsSbBi
Nitrogen,Phosphorus,Arsenic,Antimony,Bismuth
NewPopesAssignSubordinateBishops.[9]
NonProfitAsantimoneyBusiness.*
Group16(chalcogens)
OSSeTePo
Oxygen,Sulphur(orSulfur),Selenium,Tellurium,Polonium
OversizedSailorsSellandTellaboutPolocologne.
OldTSangpoSeemTerriblyPolluted.[9]
OliverSmithSellsTeaPots.
OhShivaSeeThePots.
Group17(halogens)
FClBrIAt
Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine,Astatine
FleeingChlorinelayers&Bromine,IdAstonish.[13]
FunnyClownsBroilInnocentAnts.[9]
FishCan'tBreatheInAir.
FluffyCloudsBringInAtrociousThunderstorms.
Group18(noblegases)
HeNeArKrXeRn
Helium,Neon,Argon,Krypton,Xenon,Radon
HeroNeedsArguableKrypticXes.Righton.[13]
HeNeverArrivedKareneXitedwithRon.[9]

Propertiesofelements

Abundanceofelementsonearth'scrust
Oxygen>Silicon>Aluminum>Iron(Fe)>Calcium>[Magnesium|Magnesium(Mg)][Sodium|Sodium(Na)]>
[Potassium|Potassium(K)]
(Therestmakesonly1%)

OhS(i)eeAlFeeCahMigNacK.[14]

Activityseriesofmetals
Potassium>Sodium>Calcium>Magnesium>Aluminium>(Carbon)*>Zinc>Iron>Lead>Hydrogen>Copper>Silver>Gold
PleaseStopCallingMeACuteZebraILikeHerCallSmartGoat[15]
NotethatCarbonisanonmetal,usedasabaseline.
K>Na>Mg>Al>Zn>Cr>Fe>Pd>H>Cu>Au
KangaroosNaturallyMuckAboutinZoosForPurpleHipposChasingAardvarks.[16]
Katty'sNaughtyCatMingledwithAliceandZarinaFearlesslyPlunderingHerCupboardofGold.[17]
Potassium>Sodium>Calcium>Magnesium>Aluminum>Zinc>Iron>Lead>Copper>Silver>Gold.
PeterSellsCarelessMonkeysAndZebrasInLargeCagesSecurelyGuarded
Potassium>Sodium>Calcium>Magnesium>Aluminum>Zinc>Iron>Tin>Lead>Hydrogen>Copper>
Mercury>Silver>Gold>Platinum
PapaSaidCallMeAfterZincInteractsTinLeadingHydrogenCooperateMr.SylvestertoGainPopularity.[18]
Potassium>Sodium>Calcium>Magnesium>Aluminum>Carbon>Zinc>Iron>Tin>Lead>Hydrogen>
Copper>Mercury>Silver
PrivateSecondClassMACZITLHeCanMakeSomeGunPowder
PleasantSpaniardsCaperMagnificentlyAroundCrownedZulusInTheLieu(of)HighlyCompetentSwedish
Goats
K>Na>Ca>Mg>Al>C>Zn>Fe>Ni>Sn>Pb>H>Cu>Ag>Au>Pt
Pretty(Potassium)Sally(Sodium)Could(Calcium)Marry(Magnesium)A(Aluminuim)Crazy(Carbon)Zulu(Zinc)
IN(Iron/Nickel)Tree(Tin)Lined(Lead)House(Hydrogen)Causing(Copper)Strangely(Silver)Glancing(Gold)
People(Platinum).
Li>K>Ba>Sr>Ca>Na>Mg>Al>Mn>Zn>Cr>Fe>Cd>Co>Ni>Sn>Pb
LiKBaSrCaNa.LiKBaaaSrCaNa.MgAlMnZn.CrFeCd,CoNiSnPb.Thatis.

Electronegativity
Fluorine>Oxygen>Nitrogen>Clorine>Bromine>Iodine>Sulphur>Carbon>HydrogenPhosphorus
Pronounce:FONClBrISCHP.[14]
FONeCalLBroughttoIndia,SoniasCongressHappyPosition
(F)irst(O)ff,(Cl)ean(N)ow(Br)ing(I)n(S)ome(C)aps,(H)alters,and(P)ants.
FlamingOxygenNiceClearBrightISuspectCannedHydrogen

Electrochemicalseries
Potassium>Calcium>Sodium>Magnesium>Aluminium>Zinc>Iron>Tin>Lead>Hydrogen>Copper>
Silver>Gold
PaddyCouldStillMarryAZuluInTheLovelyHonoluluCausingStrangeGazes.
PleaseStopCallingMeACrazyZombieIfThatLargeHippoCantSwim,Glug,glug.

Reactionsandions
Redoxreactions
Aredoxreactionisachemicalreactioninwhichthereisachangeinoxidationstateofatomsparticipatinginthereaction.

Ions
Anatom(orion)whoseoxidationnumberincreasesinaredoxreactionissaidtobeoxidized(andiscalledareducing
agent).Itisaccomplishedbylossofoneormoreelectrons.Theatomwhoseoxidationnumberdecreasesgains(receives)
oneormoreelectronsandissaidtobereduced.Thisrelationcanberememberedbythefollowingmnemonics.
LeosaysGer!orLeothelion,Ger!canbeusedtorepresentLossofelectronisoxidationGainofelectronis
reduction.[19][20]
OilRig:OxidationislossReductionisgain(ofelectrons).[21]

Cationsandanions
Cationsarepositively(+)chargedionswhileanionsarenegatively()charged.Thiscanberememberedwiththehelpof
thefollowingmnemonics.
CatshavepawsCationsarepawsitive.[22]
Ca+ion:Thelettertincationlookslikea+(plus)sign.[23]
Ananionisanegativeion.(AnegativeionAnion).[24]

Cationvs.anion:positivevs.negative
Thetincationlookslikeaplussign:"ca+ion".
Cationispositive,anionisnegative.[25]

Oxidationvs.reduction:electrochemicalcellandelectrongain/loss
ANOILRIGCAT:
AttheANode,OxidationInvolvesLossofelectrons.
ReductionInvolvesGainingelectronsattheCAThode.[25]
'LOAN'LeftAnodeOxidationNegative[ontheleftonsideofthecellreaction(inwrittenform),Oxidationtakesplace
]

Electrodes
Anelectrodeinwhichoxidationtakesplaceiscalledananodewhileinthatwhichreductiontakesplaceiscalledcathode.
Thisappliesforbothelectrolyticandelectrochemicalcells,thoughthechargeonthemreverses.Theredcatandanox
mnemonicsareusefultorememberthesame.
Redcat:Reductionatcathode

Anox:Anodeforoxidation.[26]
Thewordsoxidationandanode,bothbeginwithvowels.
Also,bothreductionandcathodebeginwithconsonants.[24]
FatCat:electronsflowFromAnodeToCathode

Compounds
Diatomicmolecules
Moleculesexhibitingdiatomicstructurescanberememberedthroughthefollowingmnemonics.
Hydrogen,Oxygen,Nitrogen,Fluorine,Chlorine,Bromine,Iodine
IHaveNoBrightOrCleverFriends.
IBringCloverForOurNewHorse.
HaveNoFearOfIceColdBeer.[27]
HelpOurNeedyClassFindBrainsImmediately.
HorsesNeedOatsForClearBrownEyes(I's).
HerNana'sOnlyFunctioningClickerBrokeInstantly.[28]
BrINClHOF:sayBrinkelhof.[29]
HONClBrIFThenameoftheimaginarychemistrygoose.Say"HonkCoolBrief."
IBringClayForOurNewHouse.[9]
HaveNoFearOfCute,InnocentBabytwins.

Hydrogenbonds
Hydrogenformshydrogenbondswiththreeelementswhicharenitrogen(N),oxygen(O)andfluorine(F).Thenamesof
theseelementscanberememberedbythefollowingmnemonic.
HydrogenisFON!(fun).[24]

Polyatomicions:ateanditeions
Sulfate,Phosphate,Carbonate,Chlorate,Bromate,Iodate,Nitrate
SuperPopeyeConstantlyClubbedBrutusInNevada.
Nitrate,Bromate,Carbonate,Iodate,Chlorate,Chromate,Sulfate,Phosphate
NickBrittheCamelateanInkyClamwithCrpesforSupperinPhoenix.
Numberofconsonantsdenotesnumberofoxygenatoms.Numberofvowelsdenotesnegativechargequantity.Inclusion
oftheword"ate"signifiesthateachendswiththelettersate.Tousethisfortheiteions,simplysubtractoneoxygen
butkeepthechargethesame.

Organicchemistry
Carboxylicacids
Commonnamesofhomogeneousaliphaticcarboxylicacids,
Formic,Acetic,Propionic,Butyric,Valeric,Caproic
FrogsArePolite,BeingVeryCourteous.[30]

Dicarboxylicacids
Thesequenceofdicarboxylicacidscanberememberedwithfollowingmnemonics.
Oxalic,Malonic,Succinic,Glutaric,Adipic,Pimelic,Suberic,Azelaic,Sebacic
OhMySuch,GoodApples.[31]
OhMyStars,GreenApples.
OhMy,SuchGoodApplePi.e.,SweetAsSugar.[32][33]
OhMyStars,GoAheadPlease[24]

Aromaticcompounds
mdirectinggroups
Quaternaryamino Ester
(NR3+)

Sulfonicacid Nitro

(COOR) (SO3H)

Carbonyl Carboxyl Cyano

(NO2) (CHO)

(COOH) (CN)

QueenElizabethSecond'sNavyCommands,Controls,Communicates.[34]
o,pdirectinggroups
Alkyl Halogen Alkoxyl
(R)

(X)

(OR)

Amino

Hydroxyl Amide

(NH2 NHR NR2) (OH)

(NHCOR (C6H5)

AHAAHAP.[34]
Note:NH2,NHRandNR2areparadirectinggroupsbutnotNR3+

EZnotationforisomers
"ZameZide.Epposite.":
Zisthe2functionalgroupsonthesamesideofdoublebond.
Eisforoppositesides.[25]

Cistransisomerism
CisstartswithaCandthefunctionalgroupsformaC.
Trans,thereforeistheotheronebydefault.[25]

Benzenering:orderofsubstitutes
"BenzenelikestoROMP":
FromRgroupmovingaroundthering:
Rgroup
Ortho
Meta
Para.[25]

Phenyl

Biochemistry
Essentialaminoacids
Isoleucine,Leucine,Lysine,Serine,Tyrosine,Glycine,Alanine,Cysteine,Glutamate,Asparate,Arginine,Glutamine,
Histadine,Methionine,Phenylalanine,Threonine,Tryptophan,Valine,Histidine,Asparagine,(Selenocysteineusually
omitted)
PVTTIMHaLL[35]andTTHALLVeryIMPortant.[36]
MATTHILL,VPMattHillistheVicePresident
LIFTHIMKIW(V)I
TVFILMHW(R)K.
AnyHelpInLearningTheseLittleMoleculesProvesTrulyValuable.[37]Thismethodbeginswiththetwoamino
acidsthatneedsomequalificationsastotheirrequirements.
Thereas[a]fatman[that]hatedvanillaicing,[but]lovedKitKats.

Krebscycle
TorememberKrebscycle(citricacidcycle,tricarboxylicacidcycle)
CitrateAconitateIsocitrateOxalosuccinateKetoglutarateSuccinateFumarateMalate
Oxaloacetate
CaesarsArmiesInvadedOtherKingdomsSearchingForManyOranges.[14]
CitricAcidIsOneKeySubstrateForMitochondrialOxidation

Plantnutrients
Toremembertheelementsnecessaryforagriculture
Carbon,Hydrogen,Calcium,Iron(Fe),Magnesium(Mg),Manganese(Mn),Copper(Cu),Molybdenum,Chlorine
(Cl),Boron
C(see)HopkinsCaFe,MightygoodMan,Cu(seeyour)Money,hopetheyareClosedoroutofBusiness.[38]
Forrememberingmacronutrients
Carbon,Hydrogen,Oxygen,Phosphorus,Potassium,Nitrogen,Sulfur,Calcium,andMagnesium
C.HOPKiN'SCaMg(C.Hopkinscoffeemug).
CHONPKCaMgS{CHO"N"ever"P"unch"K"ittensthey'll"Ca"llaunt"Mag"andthenyouare"S"crewed.

Seealso
Listofmedicalmnemonics
Listofmnemonics

References
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Furtherreading
Template:Baresection
http://www.freechemteacher.org/Recommended_Resources_files/MnemonicsforChemistry.pdf
http://jcdverha.home.xs4all.nl/scijokes/11_5.html
http://ict4us.com/r.kuijt/en_chemistry.htm
http://www.chem.uic.edu/marek/marek_downloads/documents/Mnemonics%20for%20chem%203%202010.ppt.pdf

Externallinks
MnemonicsfortheEntirePeriodicTable(http://www.springerlink.com/content/n4041407123843k4/fulltext.pdf)

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