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BACKGROUND
A. Backgoround of Problem
Residents of most of the developing countries, live in rural areas. Generally
they live from farming within the fauna and flora nand climate that influence the
occurrence of disease. The needs of the rural population will live comfortably,
always threatened by circumstances that endanger their health. Most of them do
not know / realize the danger, for example, just the threat of parasitic insects of
animals and so on.
The same thing is also experienced by people living in the region industry,
their comfortable lives threatened by a polluted environment industrial pollutants.
The existence of such health threats they do not know / realize.
Overall it can be argued that the environment and human beings with all the
factors are part of the human life cycle. The circle of life between humans and the
environment is a system called ecology. The man in the ecosystem on the one hand
trying to create a comfortable environment for life by influencing the environment,
while the man on the other hand senantriasa threatened by its own environment, so
that the situation threatens human health is concerned. Even man's own role as
well as the environment against other human beings, such as human potential as a
career particular disease, would constitute a threat to human health environment.
Likewise, the heavy smokers, if they are in the environment is not a smoker, then
the latter will be in danger of malignancy (cancer) caused by cigarette smoke.
Daily livestock farmers to get along with their livestock. If the parasitic
disease of livestock, the farmer in question shall also by the parasite, the farmer
concerned would be threatened also by the cattle parasite itself. While farmers are
always associated with irrigation systems / irrigation, in which water flowing in
the wild is always the threat of pollution of various disease agents, generally do
not realize that every moment of being in a health threat that comes from the
irrigation water. Threats can be either parasitic disease schistosomiasis, cholera
and gastrointestinal diseases laonnya, as well as diseases related to air pollution by
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D. Advantage of Writing
The advantage of writing this paper is:
1. As the material knowledge of the intricacies of the atmosphere as well as the
role of the environment and environmental health.
2. As the information of the dangers of destruction / contamination in the layers
of atmosphere.
CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION
A. The nature and composition of the atmosphere
The study of the atmosphere is meteorology. The atmosphere is a media
receiver and trip the exhaust gases / pollutants, especially in the troposphere.
Tropospheric covering the room began to surface of the earth to a height of 10
km or 33.00 ft with a volume of approximately 5.1 X 109 km3. This layer contains
about 75% of the mass of the atmosphere.
The atmosphere is a layer of air that surrounds the Earth. The atmosphere
consists of several gases that are retained by the earth's gravity and are used to
protect the earth. Dry air at atmospheric nitrogen gas mengandun 78%, 21%
oxygen, 0.03% carbon dioxide, 0.9% argon, methane, potassium, and others
0.07%.
Investigations atmosphere allows you to:
No.
Unsur
Simbol
Volume %
Berat molekul
1.
Nitrogen
N2
78,08
28,02
2.
Oksigen
O2
20,94
32,00
3.
Argon
Ar
0,93
39,88
4.
Karbondioksida
CO2
0,03
44,00
5.
Neon
Ne
0,0018
20,13
6.
Helium
He
0,0005
4,00
7,
Ozon
O3
0,00006
48,00
8.
Hidrogen
0,00005
2,02
9.
Kripton
Kr
Very small
10.
Xenon
Xe
Very small
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Metan
CH4
Very small
B. Balance Geothermal
Incoming solar radiation the Earth's atmosphere, about 20-30% is reflected back
chamber space, refracted by the atmosphere and solid particles contained
diatmosfer or by the earth's surface. In general, the average reflection or albedo of
the surface and atmosphere by 35%. The amount is determined by the local albedo
and its properties in the area snow-covered polar regions have a high albedo, but
the area of the ocean is low, because most of the energy is absorbed.
Approximately 20% of the radiation energy absorbed after entering through the
atmosphere. Ozone absorbs about 1-3%, especially in the short section of ultra
violet. In the troposphere, approximately 17-19% of the incoming radiation is
absorbed mainly by water vapor and CO2. The total atmospheric absorption of the
radiation by atmospheric absorption wave panjan total to radiation with a
wavelength of 0.3-0.7 lm. Not very large and generally enter tarnsparan effectively
through the hole from the atmosphere.
Overall about 50% of solar radiation to the Earth's surface radiates back
sebahagian energy through a broad wavelength range, but mostly in the 10-20 m
wavelength is infra red.
The average radiation reflected chamber space should be equal to that absorbed
from the sun. Therefore the amount of energy must flow from tropic regions
stricken area in the polar atmosphere. The flow of this energy is a system of hot air
flow towards the poles and the flow of cold air from the poles towards the tropic
and this will be expressed with the flow of the sea.
2.
H2O - C - H + hv H3C * + HC * O
Free radicals are very important species in the atmosphere because it looks
significantly in the atmospheric chemical phenomena. The species can be in the
form of atoms, stsu groups of atoms with unpaired electrons and highly
reactive. In the upper atmosphere, free radicals having a half life of only a few
minutes away although there longer. These free radicals may be involved in a
chain reaction in which the free radicals formed from the reaction of the other,
for example:
O3 + HO. O2 + HOO.
HOO. + O HO. + O2
From the above reaction tanpak hiodroksil free radicals. HO .. highly
reactive in reactions with ozone, O3, generating another radical, radical HOO ..
and this in further reactions produce free radicals HO back. The reaction in
free radical is the radical destruction by free radicals sau another so that the
chain reaction that occurs can be stopped.
O
H3C - C - H + hv H3C * + HC * O
H3C. + H3C. C2H6
This reaction is called chain termination reaction (Chain-terminating
reacting "). Reactions involving free radicals responsible for the formation of
smog (smog). Free radicals are very reactive because it generally has a short
half-life time / short. It is important to distinguish between the liveliness with
stability. Bebsas addition to highly reactive radicals are also very stable.
Therefore, free radicals and atoms are "single" from the gas molecules with
two atoms tend to remain in the area on electronics having a half life which is
generally very short because the energy lost through radiation.
3. Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide
Components of carbon dioxide, CO2, is only 0.034% as the volume of gas
atmospheric constituent. Almost the same as water vapor, carbon dioxide is a
component that has a major fuingsi to absorb infrared energy emitted back by
bumi.Para scientists are concerned that the level of carbon dioxide
concentrations increased sharply change will lead to changes in the climate of
the earth as a result of the effect greenhouse.
An increase in carbon dioxide is mainly due to of increasing the burning of
fossil fuels are increasingly growing measurements ever made to CO2 in the
atmosphere continuously mulain 1960 to 1985 in some regions of the
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effects of air pollution are some of the ingredients perkaratan process of metal
tools due to the presence of water vapor in the atmosphere. The presence of
water vapor in the atmosphere are causing pollution in the form of fog (smog)
under certain conditions.
When the ice particles in the atmosphere turns into water droplets, or when
the water droplets evaporate, the heat is taken around. The opposite of these
processes cause the heat released into the atmosphere as latent heat. This can
happen at a distance of a few miles from the place where the heat is absorbed
and it is a model of the atmosphere or energy transfer to the atmosphere. This is
the main model of the transition energy contained in wind event ributn
hurricanes and tornadoes.
As previously noted, the chill in the tropopause layer is a career to the
movement of water to enter the stratosphere. The main source of water in the
stratosphere is the photochemical oxidation of methane:
CH2 + O3 CO2 + 2H2O
Formed water that is the source of hydroxyl radicals in the atmosphere by
reaction:
H2O + hv HO. + H
Where the hydroxyl radical is a phenomenon that increased atmospheric
chemistry lately.
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CHAPTER III
CLOSING
A. Conclussion
From the results above explanation it can be concluded that the atmosphere has
a function as protective as well as guard the heat balance of the earth, because
kamampuannya absorb cosmic rays and infrared radiation, but in addition to its
functionality, on the other hand the atmosphere to accommodate a wide range of
pollutants produced by human activity. This can cause the quality of the
atmosphere and would negatively impact the overall living beings and the
environment.
B. Suggestion
Of our paper, we hope that readers are able to use it as a learning resource to
add insight and knowledge. And do not forget the criticism, feedback, suggestions,
of any kind is appreciated that paper writing our future for the better.
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