I

II

III

Abstract
A Study on Buddhist Clothing Culture in Han Region
After Buddhism spread to Han region, influenced by Chinese history, region,
nation and the other factors, it was continually embraced by traditional culture and
custom of Han region. Buddhism in Han region was characterized by its richness of
Chinese color and identity which is outstandingly pronounced in Buddhist clothing.
The study combing heritages, sculptures and the images of wall-paintings with the
broad social history researches on the whole character of Buddhist clothing culture in
Han region by analyzing the differences of the varied rules on the Buddhist clothing
between Indian Buddhist scripture and Chinese Buddhist document. Investigating the
progress of localization and secularization of Buddhist clothing in China, it develops
and enriches the system of Chinese clothing culture from a creative viewpoint.
Centering on the orientation of Buddhist clothing of Han region, the study
consists of seven parts except of introduction and conclusion, including the following
chapters:
1. The trace of regulations on Buddhist clothing in Han region.
2. Institutions of monk Buddhist clothing in Han region.
3. Formation and development of monk common clothing in Han region.
4. Styles of clothing of early Buddhist statues in Han region.
5. Development of styles of clothing of Buddhist statues in Han region.
The introduction of Buddhist clothing culture in Han region defines the
specialized scope and explains its value, motivation, purpose and method. Meanwhile
it raises a new issue basing on the full research on the current situation of monk
clothing and Buddhist image clothing from present Buddhist and academic worlds,
Chapter one gives a general showing of the formation of Indian monk clothing in
the days of Gautam Buddha, which analyzes Buddhist sutras, researches the styles,
types, colors and materials of the garments dressed on the Buddha and the Buddhists
and considers their irregular clothing styles in life to provide theory bases for
IV

inheritance and creativity of monk clothing culture in Han region and to make
preparation for the later research.
Chapter two makes a concrete analysis on the popular dressing of monks in Han
region including its types, colors, functions, materials and ways to dress and especially
focuses on the new rules and new types of monk Buddhist clothing in Han region,
carrying forward the old laws of Indian monk clothing, to explore the its representation
in Buddhist and social activities as an important vehicle of Buddhist culture under the
influence of Chinese history, geography and ethnicity and other factors
Chapter three explores the factors to form monk common clothing and probes its
profound philosophy meaning combining with the close combination with the
characteristics of Han national clothing culture. On the surface, monk common
clothing of Han region as the religion clothing plays the same role of the monk
Buddhist clothing which is an identification to distinguish from common persons. But
on the culture level, its obvious that the culture of monk Buddhist clothing which is an
important part of the human being culture has deepened into the soil of Han nation
culture and endowed the further culture color and philosophical theory. As Monk
common clothing of Han region largely maintains Chinese ancient clothing culture, it
provides treasure information for its studies
Chapter four compares characteristics of Buddhist statues in the early stage of
Buddhism to Han region before Eastern Jin Dynasty and Sixteen States and researches
on the early style feature of Buddhist image clothing in subjection to Chinese
traditional religion to reveal its unique intrinsic value and aesthetic connotation. The
study on its subject matter, ideological content and social culture function reflects the
feature of nationalization and secularization and deeply probes the solemn meaning of
Buddhist image clothing in the perspective of Buddhist principle.
Chapter five makes a cohort analysis on the changing styles of the statues
clothing of Buddha and Bodhisattva during the four critical history stages from the
North and South Dynasty to the Song and Yuan Dynasties, which displays trends and
secular notions of social thought of different periods. In chinese history Buddhism
Statues art finally merged with chinese national art and became one of essential
elements of chinese culture after a long-term inheritance, revolution and creation
V

during chinese history. The development of its style, which changed From the stable
style in the North and South Dynasty to its extensive connotation in the Sui and Tang
Dynasties and turned to a rich declination after the Northern and Southern Song
Dynasties, describes clearly the context of localization and secularization of Buddhist
clothing in China to offer valuable reference information to the Chinese traditional
clothing culture.
Conclution is a general description about the outside relationship. Buddhist
clothing culture is integrated into the system of chinese traditional clothing culture, on
the other hand it pushed forward chinese culture during the interactions. The study on
conflicting and merging between the system of Buddhist clothing and the culture of
Chinese traditional clothing during the two thousand years describes the Buddhist
clothing culture of Han region has successfully drawn the culture elements and the
profound meaning of it under the influence of its cross-cultural spread, secular moral
regulations, confucianism ethics and aesthetic standards. Buddhist clothing study has
practical significance to inherit and promote chinese national culture which is
completed on the new level. At the same time its to stimulate chinese Buddhism
culture and be inevitablity and nessesity in Buddhism study.

Key words:
Han region, monk clothing, common clothing, Buddha dresses, Bodhisattva
dresses, clothing culture

VI

...................................................... 1
1 ............................................. 1
2 ............................................. 2
3 ................................... 5
4 ................................... 6
1 ............................... 9
1.1 ......................... 9
1.2 .......................................... 10
1.2.1................................... 12
1.2.2................................. 15
1.2.3................................... 20
1.3 ................................................ 22
2 .................................. 25
2.1 .................................... 25
2.1.1 ............................................ 25
2.1.2 ........................................ 29
2.1.3 ............................................ 32
2.1.4 ...................................... 33
2.1.5 .......................................... 35
2.2 .................................... 36
I

2.2.1 .................................. 36
2.2.2 ................................ 38
2.3 ................................ 43
2.3.1 ...................................... 43
2.3.2 .................................. 45
2.4 ................................................ 47
3 .......................... 49
3.1 .................................. 49
3.1.1 .................................. 49
3.1.2 .................................. 50
3.2 ............................ 53
3.2.1 ............................................ 53
3.2.2 ............................................ 54
3.2.3 .......................................... 55
3.2.4 .......................................... 55
3.2.5 ................................ 56
3.3 ................................................ 58
4 .......................... 59
4.1 .............................. 59
4.1.1 .......................................... 59
4.1.2 ............................................ 61
4.2 .................. 65
II

4.3 ........................ 66
4.3.1 .................................. 66
4.3.2 ................................ 68
4.4 ................................................ 69
5 ........................ 71
5.1 ................................ 71
5.1.1 ................................ 72
5.1.2 ................................ 79
5.2 ........................................ 81
5.2.1 .................................. 82
5.2.2 ................................ 85
5.3 ............................ 92
5.3.1 .................................. 92
5.3.2 ................................ 94
5.4 .......................... 96
5.4.1 .................................. 97
5.4.2 ................................ 99
5.5 ............................................... 101

................................................ 103

................................................ 105
...................... 113

III

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