Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Anuj Bhatia
AIR-CONDITIONING CAPACITY
1) A ton of refrigeration (1TR) signifies the ability of airconditioning equipment to extract heat @ 12000 Btu/hr.
ASHARE (American Society of Heating, Refrigeration and Airconditioning Engineers, Inc) has put together a table using
national average data showing the Sq-ft/Ton as follows:
Sq-ft/Ton
High
Average
Low
Residential
600
500
380
Office
360
280
190
Average Load
Residence
Apartment (1 or 2 room)
ton
Church
Office Building
Large Interior
Large Exterior
ton
Small Suite
Restaurant
Bar or Tavern
ton
Cocktail Lounge
Application
Average Load
ton
Computer Room
per ton
Barber Shop
Beauty Shop
School Classroom
ton
Bowling Alley
Department Store
Basement
Main Floor
ton
Upper Floor
Small Shop
ton
400 sq. ft. of floor area per
ton
225sq. ft. of floor area per
ton
Dress Shop
Application
Average Load
Drug Store
ton
Factory (precision
manufacturing)
ton
275 sq. ft. of floor area per
ton
Groceries Supermarket
Hospital Room
ton
Motel
Auditorium or Theatre
ton
20 people per ton
Shoe Store
ton
200 sq. ft. of floor area per
ton
Room Area
Square Feet
Cooling Capacity
(BTU range)
10X15
150
up to 5200
10X20
200
6000
15X20
300
7500
17X20
340
8000
18X25
450
10000
22X25
550
12000
25X28
700
14000
25X32
800
15000
25X34
850
16000
25X40
1000
18000
27.5X40
1100
20000
35X40
1400
24000
37.5X40
1500
28000
40X40
1600
32000
Room Area
Square Feet
Cooling Capacity
(BTU range)
Equipment Type
Approximate
Example
Airflow Rate
Gas/Oil Furnace
64000 Btu/hr
Btu/hr output
output furnace =
640CFM
Electric Furnace
50 70 CFM per
10kW furnace =
kW input
10 x 70 = 700CFM
30kW furnace =
30 x 50 =
1500CFM
Electric Air-
conditioning
30000 Btu/hr
cooling
30000/12000=
2.5tons
2.5 x 400 = 1000
CFM
Heat Pump
30000 Btu/hr
cooling
30000/12000=
2.5tons
2.5 x 450 = 1125
CFM
SELECTION OF CHILLERS
The following is used as a guide for determining the types of
liquid chillers generally used for air conditioning
Up to 25 tons (88kW) Reciprocating
25 to 80 tons (88 to 280kW) Reciprocating or Screw
80 to 200 tons (280 to 700kW) Reciprocating, Screw or
Centrifugal
200 to 800 tons (700 to 2800kW) Screw or Centrifugal
Above 800 tons (2800 kW) Centrifugal
Circumstances Favouring Air-Cooled or Water Cooled
Systems
Capacity Range (TR)
Favourable System
40 to 200
Air-Cooled
Water-
Air-Cooled
Water-
Cooled
Chilled-
Cooled
Packaged Packaged
Water
Chilled-
Equipmen Equipmen
System
Water
Characteri
stics
System
Typically
Building
Height
limited to
1- to 4-
Unlimited
Unlimited
Unlimited
story
buildings
Minimum
No
Typically
Typically
Typically
Cooling
limitation
cost-
cost-
cost-
Capacity
effective
effective
Air-Cooled
Water-
Air-Cooled
Water-
Cooled
Chilled-
Cooled
Packaged Packaged
Water
Chilled-
Equipmen Equipmen
System
Water
Characteri
stics
systems
Cooling
Control
Maintenanc
e
Installed
Cost
Low
Low
Low
Operating
Costs
(energy
System
High
Moderate
High
High
High
LowModerate
and water)
Typical
moderate
Moderate-
(climate
high
Low
dependent)
1- to 2-
1- to 2-
Medium to Medium to
Application story
story
large
buildings in facilities
facilities
hot/dry
and
buildings
with
very large
Air-Cooled
Water-
Air-Cooled
Water-
Cooled
Chilled-
Cooled
Packaged Packaged
Water
Chilled-
Equipmen Equipmen
System
Water
Characteri
stics
System
limited
access to
climates
water or
campuses
maintenan
ce
12 / EER
kW/ton
12 /(COP x 3.412)
EER
12 / (kW/ton)
EER
COP x 3.412
COP
EER / 3.412
COP
12 / (kW/ton x 3.412)
Equipment
Size
Sub-
Required
Type
Category
Category or
Efficiency
Rating
Condition
Split System
Air Cooled
(Cooling
Mode)
Package
13.0 SEER
13.0 SEER
and
11.0 EER
< 135,000
Single
11.4 IPLV
Btuh
Package
> 135,000
Btuh and
<240,000
Btuh
Split System
and Single
Package
10.8 EER
11.2 IPLV
Equipment
Size
Sub-
Required
Type
Category
Category or
Efficiency
Rating
Condition
> 240,000
Btuh
Split System
and Single
Package
Air Cooled
(Heating
(Cooling
Single
Mode)
Capacity)
Package
Outdoor Air
Btuh
17F db/15F
(Cooling
wb
Capacity)
Outdoor Air
10.0 EER
10.4 IPLV
8.0 HSPF
7.7 HSPF
3.4 COP
2.4 COP
47F db/43F
>135,000
wb
Btuh
Outdoor Air
(Cooling
17F db/15F
Capacity)
wb
3.3 COP
2.2 COP
Outdoor Air
Water Source
< 135,000
Equipment
Size
Sub-
Required
Type
Category
Category or
Efficiency
Rating
Condition
(Cooling
Mode)
Water-Source
(Heating
Mode)
Btuh
(Cooling
Water
Capacity)
< 135,000
Btuh
70F Entering
(Cooling
Water
4.6 COP
Capacity)
Common EUI
Grocery
61.0
Restaurant
38.9
Hospital / Health
16.4
Retail
12.1
School / College
10.3
Hotel / Motel
8.2
Office
7.5
Misc. Commercial
6.4
Warehouse
6.1
Activity
Sensible
Latent
Adult,
heat,
heat,
Btu/h
Btu/h
Adjusted
male
Seated at
400
350
210
140
480
420
230
190
520
580
255
325
640
510
255
255
800
640
315
325
rest
Seated,
very light
work,
writing
Seated,
eating
Seated,
light work,
typing
Standing,
light work
or walking
slowly
Light
880
780
345
435
1040
1040
345
695
1360
1280
405
875
1600
1600
565
1035
2000
1800
635
1165
bench
work
Light
machine
work,
walking
3miles/hr
Moderate
dancing
Heavy
work,
lifting
Athletics
The values are for 78F room dry bulb temperature. For 80F
dry bulb temperature, the total heat remains the same, but the
sensible heat value should be decreased by approximately 8%
and the latent heat values increased accordingly.
HEAT TRANSFER THROUGH BUILDING ASSEMBLY
Typical Conductance U- Values in Btu / (hr square foot F)
More insulation gives lower conductance. Less insulation gives
higher conductance.
Application
Occupancy
CFM/perso
(people/1000
ft2)
Food and
Dining
70
20
Beverage
rooms
Service
Cafeteria,
100
20
100
30
20
15
Office space
20
Reception
60
15
50
20
70
60
Elevators
30
60
Retail
Basement &
20
25
stores,
Street
20
15
70
15
fast food
Bars,
cocktail
lounges
Kitchen
(cooking)
Offices
areas
Conference
rooms
Public
Smoking
Spaces
lounge
Smoking
25
25
20
150
25
70
20
30
15
100
15
150
15
Lobbies
150
15
Auditorium
50
15
Classroom
50
15
Music rooms
20
20
Libraries
150
15
Auditoriums
30
30
Hotels,
Bedrooms
50
30
Motels
Living rooms
120
30
Lobbies
30
25
lounges
Beauty
shops
Hardware
stores
Sports and
Spectator
Amusemen
areas
ts
Games
rooms
Playing
rooms
Ballrooms
and discos
Theatres
Education
Resorts,
Dormitorie
Conference
120
20
rooms
20
15
10
15
30
15
20
20
20
20
Laboratories
20
30
Procedure
70
15
Pharmacies
100
20
Physical
100
15
Assembly
rooms
Dry
cleaning,
laundry
Gambling
casinos
Health Care Operating
Facilities
rooms
Patient
rooms
rooms
therapy
10 Air changes/hr
Locker Rooms
10 Air changes/hr
Toilets
10 Air changes/hr
Mechanical/Electrical Rooms
12 Air changes/hr
25 Air changes/hr
(Laundry)
Battery Rooms
10 Air changes/hr
Equipment
400 FPM
350 FPM
Medium Efficiency
500 FPM
High Efficiency
500 FPM
HEPA
250 FPM
500 FPM
Impingement
Moving-Curtain Dry-Media
200 FPM
Charged-Media Non-ionizing
250 FPM
Charged-Media Ionizing
Electric Coils
Open Wire
Finned Tubular
Dehumidifying Coils
500 FPM
Washers
Centrifugal fans are by far the most prevalent type of fan used
in the HVAC industry today. They are usually cheaper than axial
fans and simpler in construction, but generally do not achieve
the same efficiency. Centrifugal fans consist of a rotating
wheel, or "impeller," mounted eccentrically inside a round
housing. The impeller is electrically driven by a motor
connected via a belt drive.
Paramet
Backward Curve
ers
Forward
Curve
BC
BI
AF
FC
Blades
6-16
6-16
6-16
24-64
Maximum
78
85
90
70
Speed
High
High
High
Low
Cost
Medium
Medium
High
Med-Low
Static
Very high
High
Very high
Low (5
(40in-wg)
inch- w.g)
Non-
Overloadi
Efficiency
(%)
Pressure
Power
Non-
Curve
Housing
Non-
Scroll
Scroll
Scroll
Scroll
Propellers
Tube Axial
Vane axial
Blades
2 to 8
4 to 8
5 to 20
Maximum
50
75
85
Speed
Medium
High
Very high
Cost
Low
Medium
High
Static
Low (up to
Medium
High (up to 8
Pressure
in)
Power Curve
Non-
Non-
Non-
overloading
overloading
overloading
Annular ring
Cylindrical
Cylindrical
Efficiency (%)
Housing
in)
with guide
vanes on
downstream
side
Variable
Constant
Law
Equation
Rotational
Fan Size
Flow is
(Q1 / Q2) =
Speed
Air Density
directly
(N1 / N2)
Duct System
proportional
to speed
Pressure is
(P1 / P2) =
directly
[(N1 / N2)]2
proportional
to speed2
Power is
(HP1 / HP2) =
directly
[(N1 / N2)]3
proportional
to speed3
Fan Size and
Tip Speed
Flow and
(Q1 / Q2) =
Rotational
Air Density
power is
(HP1 / HP2) =
directly
[(D1 / D2)]2
Speed
proportional
to diameter2
Speed is
(N1 / N2) =
inversely
(D2 / D1)
proportional
to diameter
Pressure
remains
constant
P1 = P 2
Variable
Constant
Law
Equation
Fan Size
Rotational
Flow is
(Q1 / Q2) =
Speed
directly
[(D1 / D2)]2
Air Density
proportional
to Diameter2
Flow is
(P1 / P2) =
directly
[(D1 / D2)]2
proportional
to Diameter2
Power is
(HP1 / HP2) =
directly
[(D1 / D2)]3
proportional
to Diameter3
Rotational
Fan Size
Speed, flow
(N1 / N2) =
and power
(Q1 / Q2) =
Density
are inversely
(HP1 / HP2) =
proportional
[(1 / 2)]1/2
to square root
of density
Air Density
Rotational
Pressure and
(P1 / P2) =
Speed
power are
(HP1 / HP2) =
Fan Size
directly
(1 / 2) =
Duct System
proportional
to density
Flow remains
Q1 = Q2
Variable
Constant
Law
Equation
constant
Approximat
CFM per Sq
e maximum
Feet
air
Outlet
changes/ho
ur for 10
feet ceiling
Grilles &
0.6 to 1.2
3 to 6
Slot Diffusers
0.8 to 2.0
4 to 10
12
Perforated
0.9 to 3.0
5 to 15
18
0.9 to 5.0
5 to 25
30
1.0 to 10.0
5 to 50
60
Registers
Panel
Ceiling
Diffuser
Perforated
Ceiling
HCFC-
HCFC-22
123
Ozone
HFC-
Ammonia
134a
0.016
0.05
85
1500
1200
2030
2020
N/A
N/A
Low
Low
Low
Low
No
No
No
Yes
Depletion
Potential
Global
Warming
Potential
(relative
to CO2)
Phase out
Date
Occupatio
n Risk
Flammabl
e
Equipment Type
Traditional
Replacement
Refrigerant
Refrigerants
HCFC-22
R407C, HFC-134a
Scroll Chiller
HCFC-22
R407C, R-410A
Reciprocating
HCFC-22
R-407C, R-410A
Absorption Chiller
R-718 (water)
R-718
Centrifugal Chiller
CFC-11, CFC-12
HFC-134a, HCFC-
Chiller
123
Packaged Air
HCFC-22
R-407C, R-410A
Heat Pump
HCFC-22
R-407C, R-410A
PTAC, PTHP
HCFC-22
R-407C, R-410A
Room Air
HCFC-22
R-407C, R-410A
Conditioners
conditioning
Rectangular Duct
Round Duct
Greate
Galvani
Alumin
Diamet
Galvani
Alumin
st
zed
um
er
zed
um
Steel
(gauge
Dimens Steel
(gauge
ion
(gauge) )
Up to 30 24
22
inch
31 60
22
20
s and
24
22
9 24
22
20
20
18
18
16
inches
20
18
inches
91inche
Up to 8
inch
inches
61 90
(gauge) )
25 48
inches
18
16
49 72
inches
above
Gauge (or gage) sizes are numbers that indicate the thickness
of a piece of sheet metal, with a higher number referring to a
thinner sheet. The equivalent thicknesses differ for each gauge
size standard, which were developed based on the weight of
the sheet for a given material. The Manufacturers' Standard
Gage provides the thicknesses for standard steel, galvanized
steel, and stainless steel. The Brown and Sharpe Gage, also
known as the American Wire Gage (AWG), is used for most
non-ferrous metals, such as Aluminium and Brass.
The chart below can be used to determine the equivalent
sheet thickness, in inches or millimetres, for a gauge number
from the selected gauge size standard. The weight per unit
area of the sheet can also be seen in pounds per square foot
and kilograms per square meter.
Duct Thickness and Weight Galvanized Steel
Galvanized Steel
Gau
in
ge
8
10
11
12
13
14
15
0.16
81
0.15
32
0.13
82
0.12
33
0.10
84
0.09
34
0.07
85
0.07
10
Carbon Steel
lb/f
kg/
in
lb/f
kg/
4.270 6.858
32.745
3.891 6.250
29.777
3.510 5.638
26.790
3.132 5.030
23.822
2.753 4.422
20.834
2.372 3.810
17.866
1.994 3.202
14.879
1.803 2.896
13.405
Galvanized Steel
Gau
in
ge
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
0.06
35
0.05
75
0.05
16
0.04
56
0.03
96
0.03
66
0.03
36
0.03
06
0.02
76
0.02
47
0.02
17
Carbon Steel
lb/f
kg/
in
lb/f
kg/
1.613 2.590
11.911
1.461 2.346
10.716
1.311 2.105
9.521
1.158 1.860
9.083
8.326
1.006 1.615
7.888
7.151
0.930 1.493
7.290
6.553
0.853 1.371
6.692
5.955
0.777 1.248
6.095
5.358
0.701 1.126
5.497
4.760
0.627 1.008
4.920
4.163
0.551 0.885
4.322
3.565
8
9
in
0.312
5
0.281
3
0.265
6
0.250
0
0.234
4
0.218
7
0.203
1
0.187
5
0.171
9
0.156
mm
7.938
7.145
6.746
6.350
Aluminum
lb/ft
kg/m in
13.00
63.49
11.70
57.15
11.05
53.96
10.40
50.79
5.954
9.755
5.555
9.101
5.159
8.452
4.763
7.803
4.366
7.154
3.967
6.500
lb/ft
kg/m
0.3249 8.252
4.585
22.386
0.2893 7.348
4.083
19.933
0.2576 6.543
3.635
17.749
0.2294 5.827
3.237
15.806
0.2043 5.189
2.883
14.076
0.1819 4.620
2.567
12.533
0.1620 4.115
2.286
11.162
0.1443 3.665
2.036
9.942
0.1285 3.264
1.813
8.854
1.614
7.882
47.62
7
44.43
7
41.26
7
38.09
8
34.92
8
mm
Stainless Steel
Gaug
e
in
mm
Aluminum
lb/ft
2
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
0.140
6
0.125
0
0.109
4
0.093
7
0.078
1
0.070
3
0.062
5
0.056
2
0.050
0
0.043
7
0.037
kg/m in
mm
lb/ft
kg/m
0.1019 2.588
1.438
7.021
0.0907 2.304
1.280
6.249
0.0808 2.052
1.140
5.567
0.0720 1.829
1.016
4.961
0.0641 1.628
0.905
4.417
0.0571 1.450
0.806
3.934
0.0508 1.290
0.717
3.500
0.0453 1.151
0.639
3.121
0.0403 1.024
0.569
2.777
8
28.56
3.571
5.851
3.175
5.202
2.779
4.553
2.380
3.899
1.984
3.250
1.786
2.926
1.588
2.601
1.427
2.339
1.270
2.081
1.110
1.819
0.507
2.474
0.953
1.561
0.452
2.205
8
25.39
8
22.22
9
19.03
9
15.86
9
14.28
4
12.69
9
11.41
9
10.15
9
Stainless Steel
Gaug
e
in
Aluminum
mm
lb/ft
kg/m in
0.874
1.432
0.792
mm
lb/ft
kg/m
0.402
1.964
1.298
0.357
1.743
0.714
1.169
0.319
1.557
0.635
1.040
0.284
1.385
0.556
0.911
0.253
1.233
0.475
0.778
0.224
1.096
5
21
22
23
24
25
26
0.034
4
0.031
2
0.028
1
0.025
0
0.021
9
0.018
7
DUCT REINFORCEMENT
Maximum Duct Width (W) and Maximum Reinforcement
Spacing (RS)
Duct
26 gauge
24 gauge
22 gauge
wall
Static
Press
20 gauge or
heavier
RS
RS
RS
RS
ure
in.
20 in.
10 ft.
wg
18 in.
NR
1 in.
20 in.
8 ft.
wg
14 in.
2 in.
20 in.
NR
20 in.
NR
20 in.
NR
10 ft.
20 in.
8 ft.
20 in.
10 ft.
20 in.
NR
12 in.
NR
14 in.
NR
18 in.
NR
18 in.
5 ft.
18 in.
8 ft.
18 in.
10 ft.
18 in.
NR
12 in.
NR
14 in.
NR
wg
3 in.
12 in.
5 ft.
18 in.
5 ft.
18 in.
5 ft.
18 in.
6 ft.
wg
10 in.
6 ft.
10 in.
NR
12 in.
NR
14 in.
NR
4 in.
Not Accepted
16 in.
5 ft.
12 in.
6 ft.
12 in.
NR
8 in.
NR
8 in.
NR
wg
Branch Duct
Avg. CFM @
Duct Cross-
Size
Static Pressure
section
4 Round
30 CFM
12.57 Sq-in
5 Round
60 CFM
19.64 Sq-in
2 x 10
60 CFM
23.00 Sq-in
2 x 12
70 CFM
27.00 Sq-in
6 Round
100 CFM
28.27 Sq-in
3 x 10
100 CFM
33.00 Sq-in
3 x 12
120 CFM
39.00 Sq-in
7 Round
150 CFM
38.48 Sq-in
3 x 14
140 CFM
46.00 Sq-in
8 Round
200 CFM
50.27 Sq-in
8 x 8
260 CFM
64.00 Sq-in
10 Round
400 CFM
78.54 Sq-in
12 x 8
440 CFM
96.00 Sq-in
12
620 CFM
113.09 Sq-in
16 x 8
660 CFM
128.00 Sq-in
14 Round
930 CFM
153.93 Sq-in
16 Round
1300 CFM
201.06 Sq-in
PIPE SELECTION
Pipe
Size
1/2"
3/4"
Steel Pipe
Copper Pipe
Flow
Heatin Coolin
Rate
g BTUH g Tons
1.8
18,000
1.5
1.5
15,000
1.3
GPM
BTUH
Tons
GPM
BTUH
Tons
4 GPM
40,000
3.3
3.5
35,000
2.9
BTUH
Tons
GPM
BTUH
Tons
1"
8 GPM
80,000
6.7
7.5
75,000
6.3
BTUH
Tons
GPM
BTUH
Tons
13.3
13 GPM 130,00
10.8
0 BTUH
Tons
0 BTUH
Tons
16.7
0 BTUH
2"
0 BTUH
Tons
0 BTUH
0 BTUH
130
1,300,0
108
130
1,300,0
108
GPM
00
Tons
GPM
00
Tons
BTUH
4"
BTUH
270
2,700,0
225
260
2,600,0
217
GPM
00
Tons
GPM
00
Tons
BTUH
5"
BTUH
530
5,300,0
442
GPM
00
Tons
BTUH
6"
850
8,500,0
708
GPM
00
Tons
BTUH
Clean
Airflow
Av.
Air
room
Type
Airflow
changes/h
Velocity,
Class
fpm
1
Unidirectio
70-100
350-650
60-110
300-600
50-90
300-480
nal
10
Unidirectio
nal
100
Unidirectio
nal
1,000
Mixed
40-90
150-250
10,000
Mixed
25-40
60-120
100,000
Mixed
10-30
10-40
Increase in
Increase in
Number of
Sound Power
Sound Pressure
Sources
Level
Level
( dB)
dB
4.8
9.6
12
14
10
10
20
15
11.8
23.6
20
13
26
Difference between
Level
(dB)
(dB)
2.5
Difference between
Level
(dB)
(dB)
1.5
0.5
0.5
10 or more
Maximum NC
Conference Rooms
NC 35
Corridors
NC 40
Lobby
NC 40
Occupied Spaces
Area
Maximum NC
NC 40
Rooms
Small Private Office
NC 35
Notes:
The above NC levels must be attained in all octave bands.
The above NC levels may be increased for the areas
equipped with fan coil units. The designer shall submit an
analysis showing the expected noise levels for the prior
approval of VA.
The systems must be engineered and the use of acoustic
sound lining and sound attenuators should be considered to
achieve the design sound levels.
Fuel Type
No. of Btu/Unit
#2 Fuel Oil
140,000/gallon
#6 Fuel Oil
150,500 /gallon
Diesel
137,750/gallon
Kerosene
134,000/gallon
Electricity
Natural Gas*
Propane
Wood (air dried)*
Pellets (for pellet stoves;
premium)
3,412/kWh
1,025,000/thousand cubic
feet
91,330/gallon
20,000,000/cord or
8,000/pound
16,500,000/ton
Kerosene
135,000/gallon
Coal
28,000,000/ton
GLAZING PROPERTIES
Material
Glass, single
Glass, double glazing
U Value
(Btu / hr-ft2-F)
1.13
.70
1.20
.70
1.20
Corrugated polycarbonate
1.20
16 mm thick
.58
8 mm thick
.65
6 mm thick
.72
.51
ROOF INSULATION
The following table provides some rules-of-thumb on the cost
effectiveness of adding roof insulation to an existing building.
Existing Condition
No insulation to R-6
R-7 to R-19
Greater than R-19
Is it cost effective to
add insulation?
Yes, always
Yes, if attic is accessible or
if built-up roof is replaced
Not usually cost effective
Region
Item
Energy Star
North
Windows and
(Mostly Heating)
Doors
0.35 / -
U factor / SHGC
Skylights, U
0.45 / -
factor / SHGC
Central (Heating
Windows and
and Cooling)
Doors
0.40 / 0.55
U factor / SHGC
Skylights, U
0.45 / 0.55
factor / SHGC
South
Windows and
(Mostly Cooling)
Doors
0.75 / 0.40
U factor / SHGC
Skylights, U
0.75 / 0.40
factor / SHGC
Location
1.5 to 3.0
Location
Private
2.0 -5.0
Conference Rooms
2.0 6.0
2.0 5.0
3.0 10.0
2.0 5.0
Restaurants
1.5 3.0
Kitchens
1.5 2.5
1.5 2.0
1.0 2.0
1.5 2.5
1.5 2.5
1.0 4.0
1.0 3.0
2.0 6.0
1.5 2.5
Location
Library, Museums
Retail, Department &
Pharmacist Stores
Jewellery Showrooms, Shoes,
Boutiques etc
1.0 3.0
2.0 6.0
2.0 4.0
Shopping Malls
2.0 4.0
Auditoriums, Theatres
1.0 3.0
1.0 3.0
Bowling Alleys
1.0 2.5
POLES
60 CYCLES
50 CYCLES
3600
3000
1800
1500
1200
1000
900
750
10
720
600
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