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THERMAL ENERGY
Vocabulary Review
Write the term that correctly completes the statement. Use each term once.
convection
heat engine
entropy
heat of fusion
specific heat
heat of vaporization
thermal conduction
heat
radiation
thermal equilibrium
1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________
6. _________________________
7. _________________________
8. _________________________
9. _________________________
10. _________________________
11. _________________________
12. _________________________
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1. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________
6. _________________________
7. _________________________
a. K
9. _____ heat
b. S
c. T
d. C
e. Q
f. J/(kgK)
g. E
15. Why is the Kelvin temperature scale rather than the Celsius temperature scale used in science?
Use kinetic energy in your answer.
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Chapter 12 Thermal Energy
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16. The diagram shows the construction of the inner liner of a
vacuum bottle. How does a vacuum bottle prevent the transfer
of thermal energy:
a.
by conduction?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
b.
by convection?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
c.
by radiation?
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17. What is the specific heat of a metal if it takes 15,000 J of heat to raise the temperature of a
620-g sample from 15.0C to 85.0C?
A student uses a foam cup as a calorimeter. The student places 100.0 g of water at 20C in the cup.
The student adds 100.0 g of lead shot at 120C to the cup. The water and shot are then allowed to
reach thermal equilibrium. The specific heat of lead is 130 J/(kgK).
18. Is Q for the water positive or negative?
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19. Is Q for the lead shot positive or negative?
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20. Assuming that no thermal energy is lost to the surroundings, how does the total energy of the
system compare with the total energy of the water and lead before mixing?
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21. What is the final temperature of the water at thermal equilibrium?
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SECTION 2 Changes of State and Thermodynamics
In your textbook, read about changes of state.
Circle the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
c. heat of fusion
b. melting point
d. freezing point
2. The temperature at which all added thermal energy is used to change a liquid to a gas is the
_____ .
a. boiling point
c. heat of fusion
b. melting point
d. heat of vaporization
3. How does the amount of energy absorbed by 1 g of ice as it melts compare to the amount of
energy released by 1 g of water as it freezes?
a. More energy is released by the ice than is absorbed by the water.
b. More energy is absorbed by the water than is released by the ice.
c. The amounts of energy absorbed and released depend on the surrounding temperature.
d. They are the same.
4. Which equation correctly relates heat, mass, and the heat of vaporization?
a. Q m Hv
c. Q m/Hv
b. Q mHv
d. Q Hv/m
6. How does the amount of energy needed to melt 1 kg of ice at 0C compare to the amount of
energy needed to change 1 kg of water to steam at 100C? The heat of fusion of water is
3.34105 J/kg, and the heat of vaporization of water is 2.26106 J/kg.
a. It takes about two-thirds as much energy to boil the water as to melt the ice.
b. It takes the same amount of energy to boil the water and melt the ice.
c. It takes about two-thirds as much energy to melt the ice as to boil the water.
d. It takes more than six times as much energy to boil the water as to melt the ice.
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Answer the following questions. Show your calculations.
b.
How much energy would be released if the steam at 140.0C were cooled to water at
60.0C?
In your textbook, read about the first law of thermodynamics, the second law of thermodynamics, and entropy.
Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences.
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For each statement, circle 1 or 2 to indicate whether the statement relates more closely to the first law of
thermodynamics or the second law of thermodynamics.
12. The total entropy of the universe tends to increase. (1) (2)
13. A change in the thermal energy of a system depends on the work done by the system and the
heat added to a system. (1) (2)
14. Thermal energy flows spontaneously from hot objects to cold objects. (1) (2)
15. The amount of useful energy tends to decrease. (1) (2)
16. A heat engine converts thermal energy to mechanical energy. (1) (2)
17. Using mechanical energy, a refrigerator removes thermal energy from warmer bodies. (1) (2)
18. The moving parts in an automobile engine generate waste heat. (1) (2)
Answer the following questions. Use complete sentences.
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Study Guide
Teacher Support
THERMAL ENERGY
1. thermal equilibrium
2. heat
3. specific heat
4. heat of fusion
5. first law of thermodynamics
6. thermal conduction
7. entropy
8. heat engine
9. second law of thermodynamics
10. convection
11. heat of vaporization
2. true
350 J/(kg K)
(0.62 kg)(85.0C 15.0C)
3. thermal
18. positive
4. true
19. negative
5. 0 K
6. 273 K
12. radiation
7. true
8. f
10. d
For water:
Q
Tf Ti
mC
11. a
293 K
9. e
12. b
5100 J
(0.1000 kg)(4180 J/(kg K))
305 K 32C
13. g
14. c
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Study Guide
Teacher Support
Thermodynamics
1. c
2. a
3. d
4. b
12. 2
5. c
13. 1
6. d
7.
14. 2
Q
5.00 10 J
0.0150 kg
Hf 3.34 105 J/kg
3
15. 2
16. 1
17. 1
18. 2
19. Without a heat sink, heat would not flow
spontaneously from the hot reservoir and
the engine could do no work.
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