1.

INDEPENDENCE OF NEW GRANADA

NAPOLEONIC INVASION OF SPAIN: in 1808 was the historic opportunity that Americans, including the New Granada, took the opportunity to declare
independence, this process was not easy because there was no agreement on specific purpose and objectives.
THE COURT OF PACIFICATION: It was in charge of judging the insurgents who were not deserving of capital punishment.
PERMANENT WAR COUNCIL: Treason trials conducted, whose sentence was death. It was considered treason rebellion against the Spanish domination.
THE BOARD OF KIDNAPPED: It was in charge of confiscating the property of the rebels.

2. LA GRAN COLOMBIA
VENEZUELA TOWN OF ANGOSTURA: current Ciudad Bolivar, opened the extraordinary congress, attended by representatives of the three provinces.
DISSOLUTION CAUSES OF GRAN COLOMBIA
Large differences in the economies of these regions, to the point that not complemented each other; the social classes that controlled the economy and
power in each region, thought only of the interests of their own region. Centralizing power remained, for example, Paez preferred to be president of
Venezuela, be governor of a great republic as the Gran Colombia.
CONGRESS DECISION: Bolivar as President of the Republic, Francisco Antonio Zea Vice President of the Republic, and Francisco de Paula Santander vice
president of Cundinamarca.
ECONOMIC MEASURES: Prohibition of payment of tax or tithe by the Indians; removal of guards and giving land to the Indians; tight abolition of
aguardiente.
RIGHT CITIZENS: Freedom of wombs, the children of slaves would be free when they turn eighteen; proclamation of equality of indigenous against other
citizens; establishment of the right to vote, only those who were literate, over 25 years old and have an annual income of $ 500.
CHANGES IN THE STATE: Centralist government; territorial division by departments, provinces and districts; division of power into three branches:
executive, legislative and judicial; election of representatives to the House every four years and Senators every eight years.
CONSTITUTION OF 1821: was liberal, centralist weakly and away from the needs of the nascent republic type.

3. REPUBLIC OF NEW GRANADA

POWER PUBLIC: Executive, legislative and judicial branch.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH: Single, centralized government; President elected for a term of four years and depended on the Council of State and Provincial
Chambers.

JUDICIAL BRANCH: Comprised of judges and magistrate for a period of four years.
LEGISLATIVE BRANCH: Formed by the Senate for a period of four years and the House of Representatives for a period of two years, this would elect the
State Council.
SANTANDERS GOVERNMENT : organized public finances, developed an effective policy of relations with other countries, signed treaties of friendship and
commerce with Ecuador and Venezuela, encouraged education.
EXTERNAL BALANCE: (exports + foreign capital inflows - imports - capital outflows) was negative: they had to pay debts incurred to finance the war, and
exports were few.
AGRARIAN ECONOMY: due to the forced recruitment of blacks, mulattos and peasants who worked the land, and many men died or were maimed.

4. TRIUMPH OF LIBERAL PROJECT

LIBERAL REFORMS: inspired by liberal ideology, had a favorable direction for production and trade, as intended to limit state intervention in the economy
to create an enabling environment for business growth, trade and allow capital inflows foreigners into the country.
SOCIAL REFORMS: Slavery was abolished; indigenous reserves were eliminated; control of education was removed by the Catholic Church.
POLITICAL REFORMS: Absolute freedom of expression; freedom of education and religion; abolition of the death penalty.
ECONOMIC REFORMS: Free trade was established: for that export taxes and import were reduced and the tobacconist of snuff and aguardiente was
deleted. The State failed to control production and export; they were abolished colonial taxes, such as tithing; it granted autonomy to the provinces to
establish their income.

5. ORIGIN OF POLITICAL PARTIES

CONSERVATIVE PARTY PROPOSALS:
Defense of Catholic faith and morals; Conservation colonial tradition and heritage; Conservation of slavery; Maintenance of the alliance between the
state and the Catholic Church; Guidance and control of education by the Catholic Church; Greater strength and authority to the executive branch;
Defense of the state monopoly, tithes and censuses; Restriction of voting and indirect election by voters.
OBJECTIVE OF THE CONSERVATIVE PARTY: defender of the colonial regime was supported by the landowners, who opposed the abolition of slavery
because it affected their economic interests, and the church, which defended its role in education and needed to protect their property.
LIBERAL PARTY PROPOOSALS: Freedom of religion and worship.; Break with the past and linking the country with the world of the time; Abolition of
slavery; Equality and freedom of all men; Separation of the Catholic Church and State; freedom of education and public and secular; Balance between the
executive, legislative and judicial powers; Freedom to produce and trade; universal, direct and secret.

OBJECTIVE OF THE LIBERAL PARTY:, eager to create a different colonial regime, Party received the support of traders interested in obtaining great
economic benefits from free trade, artisans who wanted to expand markets for their products and slaves who wanted to achieve their freedom.

6. FEDERALISM AND THE CONSTITUTION OF 1858

REFORMS OF THE CONSTITUTION OF 1858: upheld the right of New States to take their own constitutions, established the popular vote to elect their
presidents, held all three branches of government, decreed the separation of powers of the Catholic Church and State; and he established the absolute
freedom of the press and the arms trade.

7. THE CONSTITUTION OF RIONEGRO

OBJECTIVE OF THE CONSTITUTION OF RIONEGRO: was basically made up of the Golgotha called liberals or radicals, who intended to apply in the country
the most authentic principles of classical liberalism.

8. THE RISE TOBACCO: A EPHEMERA ILLUSION

Tobacco was the main export product of Colombia, between 1850 and 1875

9. ANTIOCHIAN COLONIZATION
hundreds of Antiochian families carried out a migration process in search of better land to cultivate, or looking for areas rich in gold and silver. The
Antiochian Mountains were less fertile for the development of an abundant agriculture that would meet the food needs of a growing population.

10. EDUCATION AND SCIENCE IN THE XIX CENTURY

OBJECTIVES OF THE BOTANICAL EXPEDITION: the Spanish Crown sought to discover new natural resources, whose exploitation would generate wealth
and the extraction of gold and silver had fallen completely.
OBJECTIVES OF THE CHOROGRAPHICAL COMISSION: The work plan provides for the development of texts geography, physics and politics. A general map
of New Granada divided by United, with mountain ranges, rivers and a summary table of accidents, distances and all data that were relevant, important
for understanding the country.