Louis Massignon, + 31 Octaber 1962 ‘enti aout, 12November 1988, ardet, +17 July 1986 Ibn ‘Aqil Religion and Culture in Classical Islam George Makdisi EDINBURGH UNIVERSITY PRESS© Geonge Maki, 1907 sinha Unies Pres 22 Googe Square Eaburgh tpn Bay and fined an bound in Great Bean Epa Unversity Pres, Combe ACP recor for hi bookis rable From the eh Litesy sano 788 08601 CONTENTS Parone Seaton One: The Retin andthe Quis Creed 1 Ton “Aafe Publi Reaction of 65/1072 2 ts WinewrNoaler SImportand Sgubeance of the Reson 4. aba inne ae on “a 5: Half, frei, and I As 1. Bais and Creed of Caliph aL Qadir 1 Bilt bar and Ect of Mma, 2 Atgrin’sPechenton ofthe Qo Creed 5. Proxemte and Remote Causes or ict sad Creed 4 ImportandSigafiance othe Qui Creed 5. Applicaton ofthe Crees Terme 1 Reaction and Quit Cree in Western Scalin ihe Revacton ‘heart se by a Golster Lana Mason Fst nthe Recon Tieton nly ‘retary Life 2 The Qu Creed The Qa Onl Dicey Adam Mx The Cat Aaj Wee Man Coe, ‘The Bchrownd ft Qi Od ry 1s 6 iSection Two: The Hoge of Hn ha 1 Birth Fay nd Easy Stes: 481-47 1 Dae and Pace of Bits 2 Tami Background 5 Haat Osgas {{ Two Cal Fore Humanism and Soham 5 MalutSchoo! Ses To 6 1 Legal aes and Change of Gull 447-8 1 Fine tear Golegen Hana Lav 2 homing ein Hal Paco an Hanbl Gut Legal Sadiain the aba Gl Began of Profesor Career: 48-60 + ester Chir Mosque ft ansar 4: Tralee Shaya tar 5 ou of Pason Protein, Abu Mansur Tn Yost 1v-Percton, Piso, and Retraction: 458-8 Tren Reported Pir eth Revacion 2 Neola Leading to Pale 5 Long Reid of Slene Bore the Reaction {Loge Bass and Undering Mou for the Resco 2 Hl and be Aa 6. Mato and he "Agi Peso of Oacwi 460-70 “VL Resumpion of Profesor Carer 470-513 Suunto Haat 2 Suen of aw ‘thn Ain te fdgement of Fests isa 576/118) 2 thn tune (6587/1200) Thm Qatar (62/120) 4 Mahe n Tvya (05271250 5. That in fe Tay (2728/1325) 6 Dhahans 78/134 4 fo Sha a oe (764/186) Tom kai (6. 774/131 2 Thm ja (795/198) "7 8 2 1h ‘Agen Sela ‘Seaton One: The Orgaiaon of Profesional Higher Learing Me Gof am 1 Tantra fa adit Leg Cad “Specie oft at Meas rare Bap Ging be eng hat “abe ond ee Ma ae Git nig a nc of ran Th tngey on tie |, Remo Penn ne [The Wusiand te Guid College Gives 1, Origin Scholarship and Lesring 2 Tangs Wag andthe Law Curiclan ‘TheWatih umn Us ag ‘heWacine A Anite ata ks ‘he Wai Fur Bs ad te Ls Carlo ‘The Mair oft arco Than bjs and nant of Ses. (hts ht oft Wa econ Two Tole an Ordony 1 Thee Thole and hei Teel Terms 2 tata 5 ttle £ Anti ehe Tre Teme 11 Two Meta for tale The hese he sti 2 The Nth oh Page” 1 "Ags Teo fhe To Ui heh at ea 2 The Nebo Eat snd odony 3 Naa eetog sofa Tec 8 aegeence usgseegsSection Tice! Main Current of bn ‘Agi Though The Root af Rooms 1 Detain 2 Rens, Con's i {Utena Reon 2: Munem of Reason i ee Cnegre of Men Reguding Reston 4 Rese and evcaton 1 Recocin of enon and evan Remon Ulam 10, Remon ad Ute mime Leese wnepes ieee Tea cto jeer ee See erect ieee eapnnih enf Gold a ert CE Nena int SES A Se pease ‘i Prope rslaton te Man Matar Rape tant 1s alii ‘Fao Gs sng on in ‘ebcsnaff Mspe Matson Wee to ia 1 ne us a is 12 2 18 2. Muhammad be Mesenger ‘tente Mi tey Pa Voll of Mis, ethan Gruman ee et The Pope Siac ir orale Fn tings Been ‘Theres the Quran The Qe he onde Pope ‘Th Pops one Reg elon The guru on eu WL Betwogy Repenance Angllony 1. The Danger o Kaloo the Mastin Cred Notes toast To ba Ag end Haman, 1. Gorermentand the Revealed Law 1th Stara Space Shore 2: "The Oath of Allegance to he Caliph 5: Leadersip and Seemnanep 6 Reon and Goverment ia the Byes of he La is 18 18 ue 1 we ue 9 10 ie ie1. Ordering the Goo and Prohibiting Pi Print fee "tue Paci’ Sgnsieance in Reason to Ul alfgh 2 Requestor Appian and Some Ones 5. The Principe se othe True Fin 11 GreunsancesConiered IIL Appleton of the Prine ‘Preinay er Trae ‘atin or hay Stee Ahad Hostal (261/599) Tom ta (450/057) an bm iy (4650/1067) ‘Aono 46210745) Sant At ora 420/207, ‘aban 471/079) ‘Mb ath Shs 76/1089) ‘ae aa fin ats 48/2083) TimarSibogh 17/1089 an ad Doman (78/1085) gu at area 86/1083) ‘atl a Sho (84/109) ‘i nem at Famin ( 488/1088) ‘abe Yaa amathan (489/106) ‘Nor aduda otal 51271105 ‘Abc Va (4501087 on Ab Tai ae esr) oi (15/080 * Gat 1 Na a Ma 48/1091 ‘heft Lgl Cad Cina Caracas Die Time th Tare Coney ‘Peinamatny of en he fen f Men this Ts ‘Theda Region In ‘Gar, acai, end Pin of Dat to Pi ar fron 48/1095 Tae Lats Oh ue Danesh, fi Th Pega of Caph Wok Yad ‘Tha Gonr Ba of roiing Mest Teneo Rony igh Opals 168 ma 180 1a 18 83 ise 188 19, te it 195 ie 1% a Wives of agin cals Apap te of ari Vs ‘oy of and (Qu Deil of ine Pine ewe iam a at “oy Pat Ma's ‘Supt Haro hn Sar By og Dese The iting of Tote Mage and Sipe ‘Som Sy ‘Sof fsfetion of Sel Lave ‘etalon Sony Suan te ‘Secon Two: Human Diipines nd Toplet 1 Quas of the Preacher 2, Beceer an Pagan Pres 5 Pent of Presehng 4 Reladons Beoveen Cod and Man Mant Vie Hy ond Cnr Pte Lal) Wee i and Ss of be Hypeste ‘reo Conse (Gr at ens 1 Maz and Aphorisms 1, On Soaey and Soca Iercoune 2. On the Need for Dereon About Ones ait ‘ro the Ppt oad ‘rom the opht Dvd om Cap From pie ‘Pom Qurh Soe Prom atin (72/61) Hi Soe ‘om oh Kaa (50/070 ‘rom Ua AN Sf (44/66) iS Tr From eso ant (8 110/28) 6 a7 a as 218 2 2 Ey 20 ze be 2 28 an Be BesFrom AE Ua nao (219/830 2 Ab Mona Tara (19/139 28 ‘om emcee ae 8 Wv.mie Gretta us 2 Doneopepty Pe V. Poca a Meiton 1 ASaping Poem Po tonal 0 Frstion Pr eatin Sl 36 Behe 20 Tip Hn as 2 Di ce = “on Na Wo = Das Dearne 0 2. Rietaton nH Not Desa = oteto Pa Thee ss Silos ms io? Fe) PREFACE Tin Atha lend een the subject bok pblited in 06 nich {neers elo sletendvcety Baghdad ode Forced ‘dna beck, announced haa stdy of fe hoogat wo be the et ‘fanother ook fre date The ong postponement wa nade nec {iy bythe vate of Tang's wor the erty 195m hen reser or ‘Be nc book was underaten Since tht time, Rave fond some of Bis ‘minor wort and pad them Fa aoa!‘ gt alfa’ The Sook of Dict Aesordng to the Method ofthe Jrsconti), and = ‘ere of four bie ares an the dvneanfbue of speech, eayag the ‘Se afd a Ash wth fa Funfair ‘tic (Retain ofthe Neo aa a arieand Aan ofthe Soups and Lets the Speech of God, te Magen, the Slime’). ‘fairs: wor the onion that hace downto, compete te Ma ear oie te nd nde cn ‘Scale wok, regards sie ad he ato mjc, fth cela and mamas ea monumental wo oo banded vo Urs oe more and consistent te Wad te estou of Bb sorts, according to is ographere Onl one of toute iextan, 2 {amussptin Ps, wie publ in mops “The major concir ofthe resent bok on Ton ‘Agi the sud f te san crrenia ar thoug based on the Wik the Fey and what | See the 150s Pung of smother majorwor, ir nee) Ind ag ‘tain on theology, ate uote in works ob Tita ante Tea ‘Wott 'Abnl sins te later mananp: Not al he eres fan inthe pages of athor who ed him, bave bons inthe een St. The wansnted excerpts A ced ithe present wor il Co wl lon. Because ofthe preset sue of the sor the book ow being Inca es ont Begining which alo doubt be mpersesed when ‘ore of is work ae ef and mace alae for wy tin verte (est of what bate ound tb ment in Ti 'Agisseolae 22d humanism, Despite te I fee lk of i wring what ha i. ‘hed is uliceat wo ge us what I ce oe the esence of the main “Thereof Tom Agi werk dont not enable tw eb eeir sequence: hele chrology asic to Tha Quam hi Ta‘he centr felling hat Fin Ag The Wai and the extn volume of the Benn blot theater pat 0 Th "Agi ie. The pied vt tine of he Fant beings to the eu 510/116, the ens before his ‘es Tis work la belongt theater eae of i et comes et Go gest nora of whic aa lao, Siar nie to te Sone Theda gina Bk that work ereeeensin wie ores he Scho- lute method the scab movement, aaa wl be ace, conaine {he complete ese! slabs of the programe fr higher lang i ‘holt, Ini hn Alen toa decesed coleagur Suva own to hae died in 478/1086, The Wok, dened for student Jurconmats beginning ending cei pata sie de work of Ton Ate mutate schol Sach ko wa Roa of hi proexr, Qa Ab Yad elds of hs cooemporay, Ghazal Fhe bt oaths ot carier wrk wich were thet doctoral ses ie hich Sce ROG, 127), earning for tem he fat ate lose ech {he orginal nin forthe doctorate: A Ya ida ("Pe Inaruen fr Toot) and Ghar’ Mahal (The Site, ween a hel mid hates oro idee Ge 902 where a Ud nto da wren INURE when heey eit nd for Gazz ROG 12) To "Aas thse when be wold have Boe wei ach work, wes period of [oule wa Shr Abu Jar, uring wich be was pusoed, pesca. Sd ented OF ths pened e sew noting ecepat we ca om theliagmem ola anna”s Dian Thuathe Haibwars wore mature dears a te coe pages, he ‘Alona. “Thee te the sources tlc! on forthe thought of Too ‘AQ in (asc Torn we in reftaon of en “Agi onferanately af ie ale in hrowag gt cher on Tb ‘Agi mors o on te tenes fr nee the foroe norte later se aero ed 03 0 be Menfed What can be gathered from the Tas Tbn Agi eat ih respecto authority and tothe quasrel betwee the Ascent an the Moser an aide Io ‘Agi eaker precy arin he Pena Ay tf theo major wor of ba “Agh andthe “Aga wl Believe umn hath wen fn ag ha plc he aretha "The dearth of sulle sorces was aot he only impediment t the udp of fon "Ags ought back inthe 1950. The moe I eared ome ‘serch nto hile etrein genera ahr caren ee rela tees itppeated in armony with the rete the organ ‘tion of caming found works pblsted on ae cdveaton by he Toss ft hecame neceny to know the ino flea that po. reading of te Reunion. Beween 01/1080 a 8/107 fo Agi led ine, conte othe Quarter of he Gate of Degrees, cost pice of sam (hr). 1. Test ofthe Retraction ‘OnMonday.8 Muharram 43 (24Seprember 1073), athe mayiscobege of Shara, he als Canal Quarter, on Baghdad's, ba "Aa read the Reaction before ses semi. Two days ter etary witness appended thelr gates to the docupent, la Us capil {ied in dor th accuse Kean ow of epentance (anda pot to eapee4 pgs arc a TMS tnt the contend The tex, autem by cain of tans, Eastollwe 1 pony yet efore Go of te docns af the here inser TETRA and emery of bequeang he tases fi dee (Si yueme cfvereating arn of voting the mere of Cod EERE rotacesur af esting them. What ave writen, Stata ben ound ween im yan concerning tho do {Eman tera pen Ct a ing wie erst one tng wor ty then oro Bebe the. nog ke hing wtih {have enseribeis a ped que roping te igh Some yf conse of lack bot But i, SFr ewe he sy Seth abu A (oma Wa) i comet URIS 1 noting and one can ono wat lik bo, wopamahing ce And etced Wat Bat eepentto God Poa [iteahore iin yenouacing them (te Mies Wetec inal aa tlio aa, ao ae and ne ant manne nt opine (nh faomp uttaepents Ged sated He -nenouncing im, at at ‘evan forto death aster of te consnn ofthe jusconels of The times and thatthe were rg ede was eng ‘ak Go gene nnn en np formu Sequence erealinnorter Mugs and ther: {Erhawng sour emulate tem aring ober Goss ey een er having venerated them Foal o thas prohibit ‘ht orp oh ean tthe pest SUNIL Wotan peace of God be yon in He wh vee a aPlatorefscondemableinorsson hepsi ringing about the run an “The her Ai Jr, and companions, mses and pastas, nysnpaorgend mp eclengues=- May God the lied protect he JPY tone roe secng wht they hae ined rien ‘attire tick py apse btore Co. Tam cern that sergeant ak ‘alsin become known of me wich wuld be triacs sedocmen und dsc note ei a ive ight pnh me accordance with ne xgeni fhe tei ett rept, ponent ele or ber Pa Sh on God on Hinge anon dhe men ofl ering, sowtncanbat ne uted vena an witout consi. THe ‘ments my bear soma itn ees ‘Piprmoutn May God te Exaile he Judge! God aes For eiSos od wl enact om br he peal For God i Exe Si lond frettbon (Que 58)" Its Witnees-Notaries (On 10 Muharram 485 (26 September 1079, i the prsence of Pie Minter Tb Jai Ibs signe the Rtrton in the Caner ofS ‘Thenanes cle vinearnowreand tr goed vaerments eng ‘heft th Tiled and sigue the Revacon in tee penne ae prserved by 2 flow Alani juraconl ofthe ‘llwing centr Tn ‘Gms (68/1285) i Tam wri fain of Ai ‘hat incontined hin the ope of thie document Signed "Ab ‘Ala fb Ridwan Uae month of Muharram tbe ear $657 aeRazz bs Amodb asin on he suede? that contained wihin the ope of is Gacumene Signed: a Huan b"Ad stalk, Muhanad un bison band 4 Theard the trance of hie confeion by he content hase ‘Sigued: Malm b Abad bana? '5 The confemnt ated rv tlea wines f the sme agin im ‘Shed "Aid w Mab b, Motte ba Four wincarnotares mere tee to Tn “i's pon, Abs Mansir {on Yost sons (number and 8), and Wo sone (sabes 1 tnd). The Sth, not dred ened to Abu Maney au Tba oS {euraer 2}, whovesoriaw ws an employee of To Jorada A707 1085), he eter Sonia of Abt Marsa? Th all wes were eon ect the ay of Ab Mn of we ina pe 83. Import and Significance ofthe Retraction "The Reguton i the only noe document of Rnd, peered i ‘eee, n casa Ialam An imporane source forthe adensinding of Th Agi’ ear, ect the scendancy of Tradaonahin in Bape ‘ed te coal cent ofthe nc won ‘nthe tahoe ceo Caliph aude (alphate $81-2/01— 109), sdf ts Qt Cree cane below cul Be ced ‘tam an ate Could be ied cling for exec les he recane The preservation ofthe Rematon le i Tredonait ‘ansattr member of the Hata eg gal of cig a4. Hanball Historians and Tha ‘Agi ‘xcept for one, each of the bitorlan appear to Rare had some iain ‘anmitng the texto the docament (2) Tm a-Bane’, autor of the Dray ose towards Yo Ai (2) Tom ast (2597/1200), autor of| ‘he Muntazan antl (8) ln Qudaia, autor ofthe Tel, botle (Roa Raab (2 795/190), author ofthe Dh xa () Sb Ton a Jus (6: 654/195P, author of he Mac» Hana, grandson af Ton ab Jus. “The Dien ofthe contemporary hn akane ist to be the vig source of he ent doce ning the ts andthe names of he ‘Cones nae hove na may of cong the the extant gment ‘onc only telat three mont of 460 and sor the whole of 6,1 tpnesoera monte he rcol heals and ends ofer te eas ‘Velore ihe signing of the Reaction Ie thus coves only par of the Bt Pine ote etd eds wih Tb ‘Agile Nonetelen alors ab Eppesour ging int the inetlatons of he payer ane he roles hey ply ia ama icine Haag gl “Te darian cent ad paripant in thes, reseed ceports thom his nocoants on Ten “Ags ative ls oon nav a dees toe whe bined ia our of he Shan the acre, he was beholden > ‘he aml of Au Maur, Ibn Asi’ protector, ashe ha ben engaged by the lie’ toot Tb Jara, to ators ten, and to pert ‘hal prayers penodalyoterthe gra of hs other ‘On the oer han. Hau war bed in feo oT ‘Agi whose ae great smired and srove to emule, nto whose eas he geveraly ‘seo Although he wa eed fer fll Tm Ag by Scoping ‘he meophoria interpretation of Spt, he on dagen th im [Ania egret onare et ofthe Herc, inline prt iby, te dao lin “ai sgnng of he document, te et hate need, bt not the nares of the tees Tn conv oT aja Tha adams asi fe of Halla Dut bis ‘ian sun A py sated inthe Tabet here be ene ‘uly cee hin of ring an Asta Yet be hows hielo be eran Saung that Tn ‘hl shouldbe consdered orthodox inh penetration ove A Qa Su he perhap elttat bn Ain fore sondern Fa, bt hep sees ha tre feeling egteng the gest yee. Sle source he rane ofthe wtnes- notaries, Tn Quam rected 8 ‘matin fom Tabard (4617/1210) who hadi acontempe™ raource™ To jb an adic oT ‘Aqhfo hisinellecsl breath diet himan elaborate and highly nda bographil noe, He nonetheless {ies him for his eof dhe metaphorical interpretation of Srp fn arongly supe hat he never que i Hina of Ma sl hee" SY aut apparent oes, 5. Hallas, Mu'taziim, and Ibm ‘Aqil ‘Tere ae mo noteworthy point be made rgerding the Retraction, and the hisoral data guhered fom the Heal sources, Fe ought A pages ofthe extane Diary nothing i enone epeding Hal oF "alijtn None on was Tong's Matin Tap coed) es thes Tb A for i ami eden om Quan incorrect eo Sens hin 8 an Aaa. Such a lrng ero probly ntl the struggle golng on infin Qndana's iy, bemcen Hanbals sed ‘vans Ineeltecensry Damas, aecung a eligious itll of ‘Varin was the seers condemnation ta ould be made byt Trade ‘Sona a was Mo'aslan in Baghdad rom the ninth cena om ‘Stcondy, the source shed ght on Ton ai por Reet a ‘9 ovars Hal Althoup Thor had hin ures sng the Sus be cared ide for Hal In cone orton “Aal, who woe trea (te Mr wbich wa condemned nthe Reta) in peo {Be great mysc Except forthe Reractny bw siaue pases ve Tt “Aa Halli in enc, ehroaga te vohames ot Me Muna Ta ons the pola fT Qudana inetd inte Reva, he omis the pat regain Hal, ping ener in sence. Thy nether ‘hose inal oars “A ota who were osha lf ty Iniaton fis pose ere etiment egarng Hal Tn Raja hans hie lear lh In ‘agi ne he mens ei ‘ain of his af Muara the Hab Haat Al Saga ‘Ns 58/1185)" Moro he cree a aan Bon head (€°535/1216 for wing a new bograpy Of Hal in whch be pase fi venerated the eat mya, reing ely cb "hg 6 Nae fom which Ton “Al ered in pete, oa he bn a Charl was rong o do that e-tolmucuaew edison of te condenned Nana ‘Avera ‘Aa’ posters se eng Hal nowhere uereany menonf te mei ether in ibn ai'setan wh or he ‘ailan panages Ihave evn ble eel which ae quoted by see ‘quent authors The conspcaoaraence nthe souran and he feappeae tne ofthe Narain veneration of Hal the sutgreph of whic water ithe possesion of hn ajo inet hat when on Arend the a sage abjsing Hal he was as Lous Masiguon ih coniden erly mouthing the words noe peaking hee Teyoulddhen appear that in Ags bring of alin the Retraction vas forced, andi presence there roby de tothe ince af cuser, Sto Ab ar Howes thie des no necessary mean a he ‘Stews agaist Safin, o ven aginst Hal for he fsl ay el tye been Sul as ereso many ofa feinfanble Moreover eet at the original Mum tr ned up ia the pron oe lft, stow thatthe Shafi not danoy afer ough oy Moa SUH Nore le, the Sho wpe de pine ot the consentconvemning Hal dete he ck 0 nanny among the json, because isthe hind conse wing gaia Tm Age ‘aoe hate fata os mumber of jorsconaks ae suet os 1 ondcmain, cog th acne to reract or face ive conguenets ‘awa condemacd by rach consensan IL. EDIGTS AND CREED OF CALIPH AL-QADIR ‘The source ty krone, make no mention ofthe Qui Cred ur ing he eipaceoakQgait The fw wendon of ta iscrecd (Td (tain appens» decide sherbet, nthe eat of i on (Gem (124 67/1081-75). Herr the ene fhe Cred are found fnal Quis prctmaoa inte fit and cond decade the even es the ef these 20/1025, wo ears ele his death 1. Edict of al Qadir and Bdicts of Maman “The int years ofthe vent consry brought th them the eis of a Que To ge by nate sce yo tel content aQadi eds Serenity ators to heed of aan Capa 198-2187 BIS 5) wich oe conuris care ad et aoe the Me agin) ‘Thefi eles ated 06/1077, evouired Rational relocate Iecslydesigrated m Maa, 16 emake 4 pubic rewacton, esting fom the pc dncamon of llinehesogy, Se fom ging coves on Mts, Ram, or aay oer teu ocrnes. The uly a to ‘Sgn reeucton tot eer and, ines of evs, sulle corporal ‘unihinet and nie "The second et, promt the fbowng est, seat pbc nthe Qua o the CalpalPalae, on 17 Ramadan ‘fs 1 way 1019). proce the davne of Sunn Tron: thm. erring othe antes hoc the oon pasag:"He wh as ‘he Quem sceseinan inl whee ray eine hed “Three oder edict, inthe same vel, elaborating Trauma Sasini outincs, were primed i 90/10 the Capa Pale, on the ‘lowing es £9 Saban 2 Spent) 20 Ramadan (2 October) {bu ds (11 November, On each of thse occas thee as omocation of sha Judges, witbee-tarer aad aracnsal, who fed the veaing ofthe edt and signed poof of ter presence st thereating The cond cir wacend by eh Cap sPre Minster, Ad "Wika ibe Hash eNom (€ 81/1030, 0 a sir audience ‘Accor the desertion ges of the eli cach was more labora Sheng et gf ck ng at prey red tenance thronghow he ay tl eg Ti eet ‘elie been what uated Cah Qua Hh) a Us" Nowhere in the xan rures dowe hae the il x of thee ec “Te i val w be expand oe Gocenes onl ortho, hema ni ope on ae ‘the lm) anyone wo panes tat he Quran etd er wn ‘ted the od dpetation between the dnp of Shalt (204° Hrd vAbd ae baie ans sds (2200/08) and Bae ‘Maat (228/85), 3 Mth am tenga furcra wh hal sted tor under te famous Haba QA oat (182/78), That Apron vaso he queion wheter he Goran asc ee fies Seino nave eae wiv cltordr the goo ad poh en "ALQadirs cca had one pups topos ihe decines of Soa {ladon and code al eposing teachings. Tere 0 way a “erasing. inthe present wate of te sor jut ho the enon of threes tncame warmed ito te Que eed nr ithe tafe $con took pace fe etme ofthe Gallph conte in tha ois ‘En. Theyures peak of aka wenve, st memtone,n which (Gucand the tae ae of radionas fh Tn ay cae, te Que ‘Greed and de deverpion gen of alQudirs eae nd of hi ete ‘hte hat el conten promote nent Traction eins and ‘der how of Roly” 2.ALQa'im's Proclamation of the Qadiri Greed {bg alfa tes cain of anniters whe ome forthe Cred: The in agin wih hs esc, Mutema Thm Nasr (580/188) former sent of Tin Aiwa from Ab usin Mahara be ‘aaa bua” (5267118), 500 af Quit Abu Yo vety fy hd to tee af inn nicest Creed sows ‘ae Int a} Qi Mohr Lh -Ecceor of God's Comma, 4 Palace of the ll, An Jar son of adn sh Made 1 Powe y Godin the yar 490 ad sme, ped de Qa (Gee which atu ba proaned. Kwa ead Inthe Cpl (Chaney, the presence o the sede an reli ntecta ‘seong whom wat the Sh No" Ha ear (Tn) ‘Quoin (. 42/100), seblar of the Pophede Trane an a feat seuic. He wes the Mist to append bis sgratr, te Frsconslsigoing ater hin, Ulew the eigen “The [the profenon ffi ofthe Miami be who topped aie 8 \rangren of he aw nant Tic meant that json could ane Depa pions (tn) agin \spagrenors caling for thei exeaton,3. Proximate and Remote Causes for Edits and Creed 1h aust docs not gv = reatoa forthe prolawation ofthe Qui ‘Gee ors ter, oy keg, nis Mansa ace, me ‘on of connection beteea te ec and the Greed. He py quotes ‘Bete of the Creed, ater spping a Trion soe, sb ao $83 the ij Go TOI-2,inovn ear ar he dae of the fat fa ‘Gatien To my mind there for bth the ects and the Creed, a ‘oniate cna, ella remote one. The proximate ate) iw, ‘ost lvelecral ey of Ratna religious nelle Tar oo prominent autor Mail God, Abd stab (6 4087 15), a the Art ‘Abd ab Qadir a Baghdad (2 29/1037). The tellectalacvi al be tented bom, Pct To on theology The Fe thot cause war Mune of to centres eae, lich aa Fated the Maa The fst of audi’ ics was sed 2 the Hanal- Nits jarsconsy probing them free tachng Mat Ja “The Hana judge of be Mina ere ao Ma's, apporcd by a Manon agant te Taehional arsconsls™ The Yo pin ofthe fics of bach cap wa he Quran, Ams am was wo foc the “Fradidonaliss co deere tue Quan was he reat word of God. A ised amed to hep tc he steronncty fe Qu an 25 Cs ‘4 Import and Significance of the Qadiri Creed Tor the present poor, abi ana of the Qe Creed wil be sl ‘Stn, ice the orginal ext of the Cred taal, along nh tree ‘Eamiations- Goran, Engh, and French The flowing abe ewssome of the Grevs ment parts clear a Tralonalit man fen. i condemms a hereial a doctines oppoed to Trader Soni toctine, I a maneslyantRatona,oppoted snr laf Matlin anc Avasem. Tae Quis Creed conan noting 2gurst Sutin in gene or Hal npr. Te oppones the throne morphs (medi especialy the Karri on te quston ofthe Boe Tvooe: The dn abuts ace prnete rom he pat few of | Then hoa deo (a ar aft) opposed io those who al ern (Gl ay) a do some Imai ra, hoy hat Gs ow thins knowledge, power wthout per, and 10 and 8 fed ode Maisto mal em (ves ther (wi sb Fetthen to meaphori interpretation (a “The quston othe ibt alin preset api the Abr thee six which makes dancin bemcen fel abt (9 hag) ana Imetphoral sites (oft ma), whereas the Qs Coed cone (Seat eatll che sebites that God bar atebated to Himsa et Hs ‘poe astute oH. This wool oppnton o Mem and shin be a gee gy en a ee ee eas pace sane oer Rita Posen eee ees eee cae Tenens ee dseee sets nn Se en at Sinauiatnanasemat emer atanres Dasara matae itor avec ats a Seapine Ge SSS a map ton aot Se ma aa ct ee ope oar ore ces eee cae tc ey ane ca Boedetasrutenc teste aie raat, Ersceatca c opete dwar secre Sn i comet eae meas etree eae es icS tre fan dopant Phe ianhearsiacume cee 2 5, Application of the Creed’s Terms AlQuuitostno tine in apn the tem of hie ee Acary Rat I ‘17 (aye 1080, the fare Nea ofthe Haat gal A Abed ‘Alsi ar sia (2156/1045) sesed of Matias ad take pe Tetevacion oft in ode to become a winery (uo aed bye ede ge as Saar who usared he leader ef te Matti of Bghad af he dou of he famous Ms Qa 'Abd iba, ante ead of he Hana ea plate dea of ‘Hocus (428/105, Horeove, he tems of he Qa heed were ‘Ske being appli y the enn who pied to thecal ‘oh ive tae forte suas te cae of the Chacnard Mav Cape ‘eise/ani-ty and he ofthe Sa Tol Bey (mgm 2357 1088-9), cach in tm king he approval he then cli alvin, in whone pte the Cred became hao ako atthe Cpt Oyen ‘hed at ab ae. The Cred wa cme ye cone ‘etn the juscosults ad a procamon andthe application ota tema al ol pnce mle the goverong power inthe ano he Ear {Gait wa tha ofthe St Baad day, long bore he Sonat ‘Sajuqe had come yon these ne® Shimatani Te "Ag had thi ia como tha oth hd 4 signreason, bjsing Muon; ba hes ends here. Sima {Ste wat single he as sme to rer, Become, and no ove ‘ral offs cam fm ‘Ais ae won nots sigan Clore sc Thy atthe fasinates hat tere ws more to Un the sing of 2 etason. fbn ‘Agh ened alalong ate wished to become x Ma i fe tnpy mated foam al thatthe reas of is period ad ra. oe, Fearless of ce skgius and iteectal persons He complained “Poteyltabals waned me wo come equenang3 group of ligiowr tt Tec that ted to cot me of fom aequring uel knowledge Bess ihe fora charge bro gt hit ane wi he ers of | the Qatin Creed: hee tas another tndedared modes pera one ~ (havov hie sagen Shr Aba TIL, RETRACTION AND QADIR CREED IN WESTERN ScuSLaRSTP 1. The Retraction ‘ecaute of shore portance, the React drew he aeson of to onient amici Sr reson connected it et epee so Sy roar gna Goer wo was studying Hanbal movements Tit repos hin and Lous Saigon, wudyng te ought of Halla fr ner. signs ws parclary interned inthe Nar, Tn Aate eno a vncaton faa The great ac ad been ec Fa inthe et decade the free cena, fr what was perce group of urscnsi to bea Bypbemour decaratian made in 8 mtv of ays eat, wh lj eed cu Tan he To ‘The Retraction Discov by nas Golsir Wen researching hie "Zur Gece der hansen Bevepungen'* {Gale cme sero the Reston of hn Agi which he ts sce ‘Sttextatof te fvce ed bythe abs gut one of te mers ‘ho dare ob treted in Muara and Wala Tvas not tow (Serie Hana but rather se Sa followed by group o is par Sno contiued ihe ding force behind the Rewston. Shon Ab [Jar was an acto who, in aia to he member of he Haba [ult watalo emer of he Sua shin! soi of sa irom {Pelaser tae drew ome of he sport he need fri ce a, ‘ich eared ont heaps guns he loose mori ay, pares {nh prewton and he aie ioscan Hema no ate te he Tender of he and gud (as Color had thoogh), bo spy the Jeter of con wich opposed ln Agi The Shr wa eventual able {Sore fim hl eo etc om the ba of ome Tbe “Ag gs ‘rm perascnon x0 TH Qh cRED 1s rough o him by cern Mil ask, Dang sron ile Tn “Rai bad gen de wigs ta atl, for ino destoy te veto ‘Glaser ced he Retraction or feo: to point ate mspor lance othe docament inter af eataralhsry ado igi ish ‘rumple of Hata beioar of the pe he beh ocured end For Golaier, the peseeton of bal and hs Reaction showed the ‘ten of Hanbu relou naam, an erdenced bythe acy of Shey ‘bu Jar, allan Golder wo bee the Shay ob the Hania lear Coline conse wate considered o be te fai le onsrate character of Hanbalan with what he conadered to be te icerant ldderoad Asan, ble the later ot tbe new = ow ofan, eplaig the od outset rthodony of Hani, Louis Massignon’s Feet in he Retraction “The Retro dow he aention of Lous Magno inthe easy par of scent when ne a esearcing Nic ona wei on Te aon of dat Te acta over a cent) anda alae a execaiones ‘ng Hanbun of Baghdad hd been fered ae pra and entation, abjres testa Se wrote In eneaton of Hal dem) ‘Seas that the mor and nflucnce of the feet myc had aed “Sanignon hasan own that connued to sue down to oer sve The toro finals per ar ecouted Inte portman {econd edition of Maulgnn's works ies in vse respec orm tat ‘hen the page the presen Book My prevoubook oa fb "Aqh wae publi ster signs death Te nage othe Coen ety had Fenwined in accord eth ht pretends her wrk an tng ec ‘acceso the abr of Glico at ope ‘eligi aed ines! hay of every aged ‘tthe mo the wees cst, hen Caserta work, a8 atostineviatle that modern choathp would hae an eroncou age ‘tts key roaring the cle entry. Te elon tory of ‘ha wa read a Ratna sore othe neg of the radon have ween on hia problem chewere™ Hee | shal contin neo larifngcrata mioncepdons. The ceenth century wes Traonala, not o haart Want new abe the tare of eee ny ‘ey wasn ica asad, he ew orton”. be at thon Ample proto ii found inthe cco aia and ine ‘ult Gee. Th content reflect censor eters ae Aina and Traore pig fw gos back Shall ‘hdr coor of amin ecg con.‘The Reason x History Ute the Qui Cred, he Retraction fe 4 Tadonalit document pre terete That Ibn Shanuabadh (326/859) haasurwed on 8 inirexcerps in which che Quranic aclu reacts staan reo icra page een the a he Reon ibn Gn ie Tagts ewacion sean Snot anna tne oe ‘elgg of hsperod.rrepreens the bump a he Tada Emorement support by the phate agin Rana Mm, tnt decline tha iit Rasa haar onthe ascendant. The ‘her seh prt oman external ore Nisam Mal fri est te Prime Msc of he agp Alp Arn (ng 4525/1068 Dad alisha Gepume 465:5/207-08).Tedisona a ‘poo toe ox Resa i contnie tobe othe ot The Retraction in ThA Life orl ‘Agjl the pei etmeen 447 and he ging ote Retraction 15 que mony oof emo Ile mar om an for the est oie ‘isnatve quate, Gate fe Arca, on heen bak fhe Tigi, ‘Sched by the Si horde 87/4055 Left to end fo Mel in fore, be conta came under she protection of Ab Mansa Tot Foto than laters dentin 450, be became ape, posued, per ‘ev atid exed. Rather han aecing Bim avert, sori Nb {Com tb anal lege ui, he iorines red rater tac ie the miso of moderation and temper hs ous exuberance The ‘fest en i cy remen .u aht tisantagonss Shaya aan 40,4 ne darng which Be could nat pursues professorol carer get inet econ de erences ithe to spponng ile ores of ha cena. He wan 3 unique rode of boty throng hs fay background, and bloga a Ws Eine oa is hands et of rm te normal oct fen of ering and ffm te dso a dette fr whic nchad an unqeenehable st, itt be prenmed tats hough were hs pina esspaton seaman ke ati cane that he pes oor Ce Ki ‘ronan, in wich be cose is though and Medan on men ad tock om government a eal gui theca, recone nd Stina hs predeceuoreand his ootn pores In ene he mused upon Ils and toto, his hough a sprains, bs erioque sad ‘Shrerwaon lading conned ncn le, converting wh books, SNP soung down hs though, Tine became for Bim 8 prec cet “Try ite not anal or me to wate a single moreno yi: 50 ‘rneRjcrow 480 Queen 6 hawnen my tongue nt engaged in narusine conversation and Ihn‘Alat> Ibn 'Asar~and than fermentation he in'tum pamer on to hit sicceworsanong whom figures the grt ‘Scot Hm aan Only eye oat he Jets of Ti “Aah I a Ju a to be gent ltvencod by hk writing Tet heen ‘ere han tan} che, hat me owe the reseton of extn passes from the nw los wri of “Ag especialy om the ters ana ‘a repute scholeican, comprising the scholac metiog, ilecte andthe at of cepssten, bn “agli alsin to ase of bah ‘torements, Ronalan and Tradonalian is teacher of lamheogy, [Nw Tht Wald a we! Mam under to gest master ‘he cetary, Qu Abd al Jabbar, an ipl, Ab sin aa 486/104 Inthe Traini climate ofthe Ga Gre the e's hn labo lan ase le, had to be dare aout isteach, doing tin the peony hs bome He evertelessubrn tod his “dctneschngingw nat be Bleed to Bethe truth, beeoue which ‘cine ontache hm, He rsd wo have ep i He, for fear of | ‘Bingo the bans Teadionast actos Or fon Agi sober acer ‘alm Ibm a Taba, mentioned ihe Dany of Tn ab nothing Siow tne Pars ans by is mame sed who, a dsp ‘hon an Aha, dlend he arguments "Ae 5, MaltabSchool Seudis: To 446 ‘The dacpins eared in the mata clementa-iatermedie school ep “don tothe mah or maasecologe: namely, Gur. Bath gram ‘eran as par of oe tat oo siete dcp of eect and ‘fim, he arto the sennom, pened ad pny art These subjects ore sae athe lnwccony Level ering nr a oh soe home as early as age thre, commiting 0 memory the Qua ands ch 2 publ ofthe Prophetic Tradons allo air wee normaly be fn athe age often Thm 'Sa in autobiographical ote ghey the ‘ames of his teachers inthe varios pines ro: Tb Shi od a [harrar fi bm Tua (4 42/1081), Ibe Baran (4 45/1050), "Aakibar (8451/ 1080), and Jou (4464/1062); grammer To Bachan Aira de somo Ty aA uc As Hak Maman Dina (4.49/08), so on ane fms Abo Mane Ibo 3 ArT “Aais ets in pty rowdy and nay rt vith the pot humanie ha Fd i Shia fA, would nara have been post maa stiiesin priate The mata dene grated with x og ground inthmanit sues, which prepared for furthers ne fe ‘ecaled erections (1) conto in humane stdin in Wich cv be itso prily mone or more oft ratjce; o (2) conning ins tinal egw sts a whi cae edi as mao maa ‘alge speci inlaw, wh eto Hocoming arcane These two directions were ne moa exe opel Shee, ae ee Tar prt af he eth entry, uma Ha sed mach os Radon. ‘isand Socome ey weighted onthe side of Traini, 1 LEGAL STUDIES AND CHANGE OF GUILD: 447-58 1 First Year of College in Hanafi Law Hisprocolnge sides of the matabchool completed, hn “Al Began 0 ‘i awa te age often Tr oa aay bac hground he od Ur the dzecion ofa Hana masterly cra Ab “Ame {Sag bn “Aglook down a ditaton rom his mtr one of the bone ‘fhe well tnonn Hana cone and map, Ab Zaid x6Dab (4480/1030, He gies he name o is poor nabbed orm. ‘he Ren aang the things copied rom his (Dabs) book when ‘ied teste reton ef Sah Abu An nl Fagh (Te roe fui). The Book water ely Slab evar ted on more Sn one eatin Pr ter bi aro energie 2. Turing Point: Hanball Patron and Hanball Guild “The Sljug ose enuy to Baghdad ia 47/1055 changed the oun of Tag's fe, ane an indesble mark on his memory. Aer st year tof Hana an, he tanfred o Hana, He beast wed ofthe Hanbl ercang Abu Mana Ibo Ya indict that he bad become amoxphan Henan one af hieminacners Tegan w xy ner (Guat te Yes een when nad ete Cate othe cha Qartera an agi ms re ao Tas becasue of he Ghar (Slog) who ha pillaged iin (4) 9 1085)" ‘ter begioning his college legal sues a» Haal he recommenced them art Hanball Wid Quit Ab Y's, head of te Hanbal gl, be mpc ibs legless, and with hm be conned eg stds fn he gradu ee na his praee'sdeth, ser mich he Sonne ‘hem thotery abl, Sf and Maal These teachers were nig the Hanah Abu Amr ati, je mentioned, bore he water to dy Ueder ad Abu Y's in wanre(Cptaon) and wal af the Sallis Abu "Tab ae Tatas (6480/1056), abRbaub alBughdad 03/107), Shira! (4476/1083), fbn apsabagh (477/1080), Chet (Qe Shami (48/1088), and ne Hana Chet adh, Damaghan! le Jord he Sha baradhan! (Q.$59/1008) and the Hata Aba Matar sarin (2488/1085), 0 dou nthe tame oo Blt, hough ec undexgnated Th gis rane forthe Hana to the Hasblidea ud may bare been duet Qu Ab Yr who, ke hai eame fom 4 Hana ey background and whowe athe, Hana uraconeu sad hale ‘heolgan, ed when Abs ln was tem parol" When Ton ‘Ag at ‘persed by Sh Abu fats, Quad Abu Yaa ahead ofthe Handa gud $ipported by the weaidy Hanbal ncehan- Au Mansi Tha su ay tal hae recommended the pout to te care of the philanthropic Imechant. That ei become the ward of Abu Mana indian hat he ‘ua plage ‘Age quarer mot ony con he youth hres fa pebably so cont hm ht parent or garlangh= The to cone ‘ornty source, which could conceal ve shed ight‘ theme, fave both come down to us in a agmensary sau, representing avery ‘al acon of ther nga 1) she journo ot Tb Ag, Hah ‘lfm ic be wrote by rehoming, oer period of halts entry, ‘eone extantroime covering only abouts mony and (2) he Diy Tb abana’ writen by ay seckonng oe forty Yeas, the extant fag ‘ment covering tle more than ove Year ofthe eat Sjog period. The Snug Turk were Hanafi sewer the parents of Tn “Ag but bie parents tre fonneced withthe Bimaid asa, wich he Sag ad ‘metodo une ewould seem than the devon reaght infin ‘A equ, gro gran a ‘evuer of Caliph ktm, ker Ib ‘An under hing I remarkable ‘ha, dese tne persecution to whlch he wae sje in te Han full bya group of taney, bm" remsined endian, ‘bere others tong teachers an snk each for reson fH rere ont ote gal. tnd dae erty othe Tendon of Stal and Ahad bn ab al ‘whom Tb Al had gent adaraion ands deep sense of yay. 5. Lega Studies in the Hanbali Guild Grads ie consted nny of tow Bel conned wih wl afi, ‘samc thowcence of dace (Hm ajadat the tof aston (i a trent and the ence ofthe depted sions ofthe tw (ih ‘hy. Tee were he ee dines of nga sence, wash Ted we licence to teac nv and ue lege opinion tbe doctorate of. At {stacey professors oll te lg fuldsin Baghdad combed othe (rade eesti ob ‘A especially nwa lie Tatar aad ‘Taga shins bn ay Sabtog, Sham, and Maman. © Among he {eaches of Thm Agi aly tho stad outst Harb; the others were Shas Moras and Sufi Tis highligh he fact that mesbership of = legal gud won deterained bythe gid to wien one's profesor of ih Selonged. Ul ag id not determine that member ke hai vas sijet profes could seach wdeat earl ofthe gud me [erp of acher orient igh he sence of egal quale’ es {he producto bef and hema the product te doctor a, ‘he graduate ofa lea gull olege IL, BEGINNING OF PROFESSORIAL CAREER: 458-60 1. Professorial Chair in Mosque of al Mansur Appintent tothe profetoral cai ofthe great Mons, ach a the ‘Bir Gate Quarer Moque of Mane, were made by he Cai ect of his poston wih te Caliph Ibn Yusuf wasable secure for is ‘ard Thm “Ag the profesor chi, named Hala al arma, ant Since he death of Abu Ye This appenunentvas made verte head of| ‘Shay Ann respect of ia ane dgetip wth Abu a, dhe ‘Shar noe nA would normally have been chon to sere he mae ter Abu la aot known to ave tamed is csr he Bel had een degasted By his proto, Tn Haid (40/1012), wo sccecd ‘ina roenor of Law Te Shr long year of tuyere es ton of Abs hh, ad hr anstnahp ar roptior his master as of 90 ‘al Nord e derive any benef from beng thera cos of Cap ‘Git, no wa at thet dplened withthe She mtn neon, ‘hich aus in rubles za Mul: Socio to the a {err had meta the eo Abo Yi cent the bendtip of the Haag eas tau forte Stanfenexpetscesdon 0 Wa tech sd eg heap er testy eae of sing A Wa Apofenorial chara be Mowe of aBlamtr war fen the ase ef conor ending 0, epi when tere was abo Ue qusona Ag SPE A as 2. Trouble with Shan Abu Je'far Autobiographical notes on fb ‘Asi’ toes with certain ow anal have cote down to us io excerpn rm the inet par te Pn The for uae nh int his par it Ml, a pois ooo die: nt periods in which he ws pursued and persed My few tan) ried me 0 tmnt reco with 3 ‘cron gop of rego sles nd ha rented fen Sori ocitnewtge Bas Nn Tok ee ot ian roped in hatcument of ae wi et onaerton eyecare mae gop a ‘poten pone tow er tan i te Dag ng Pot oft Dera Moe fsa when ye {eee in iter gy oon sonnel Ted hey ‘Scr eprom np Ba a egos Along 3 “Agi was ander the decion of A Ya, there could ave ben a ort htt fom the Shar towards him Hoty ead fy have beg ser te death o Abu an Tn ‘Ai een to Hsehar Even then, Abu Mansur wo have puta end toe The unfr tered hoi ofthe Sanco ony have bop afer the dea of A Man The reference nthe above pastes ede than db 0 Shar Abu alba "Agh sppoinmene sx sacar tot, ‘Wa atthe age of wentyacen, wa execpona The una ae for ea ing the doer lad becoming gies pote Pon, a normaly abou heptve The sppotrnent of “al wat are ne, but net wopeceesie Abu rah aba (45/108) ded this ter chao lw at he age of wen. Aer teachings ‘em cous he went nt compete race ew sein pr iors hs dy a Tom “iw ode. kes To amy {Ray TBB)mececed ohne cry ath ag of wenn Rte ‘hatin "Ai erable or gal opiton ine pal Chancery Ste. Sat ws younger il hen he teporte tga oe fe “jurcoat ae age een Although new trons had come ‘abaed, wt newfgsladona car esoma vere fled Oy tose ‘tho had pone and iflvence epee wher the Cnt vee ote “alee of Shall Jawan Ahad fo Tay ie snoter ni, bhai cal tical mens ins ie {endured poet nd the ob of copys for wages, with eonioence tau the su fe of Go thong Mth ay fracas fo the ‘hair of Alga and whout my sol ing oA pnt often oF Tearing which would have prevented me frm acting eid roweage™ “ Zr mooRAnT or BN % {bn ‘Aji exonerate Himself having sought he profesor chai fated iy Ab ln’ deat He deni he would hae snaght or ay hes, teem oft ine he woul oe by ean ad es ang ee Sine pure Hse sides Crate work in professionals tain nied sore yeas than he hao fr pont them. 358, athe age of | ‘rcnpsven be dpa in Ge ears ndngradaate eal tie nd piste yeas of prada ended eight more Tis put of knowledge and bi sare forthe rth consid dhe ing oee oF bis yout, deed a hb whole have een dates come sd go, Suto power ofan, no hat ‘fa rod wr capable of dezcting me fom what Delve to be ‘he nad Ay felow[ nba] subjected me opel sling to {he poincel deavng Hood and ws tonnented dering tears {tsibn of an Stans wih al proceedings aid inprioonment © Trou for whom Tate acted lh ont bey yop tn "Aili refering here to 0 isin periods of pee. The int ther mew yrsaer head oined he aba gel hen op ths lineal demanded tha he eat i des ith Marsa Aten et we devon be wa sai Bates I ab texan be aed odie Thaw ne need tne Bec 0 fie #47 fsa heya of hearer tothe anal ui an 4357 Ts the en mw began Nes als mining Prime Miniter, ‘The tcond peo, wich be oer ing Nox ‘nation, was der the death hi pson-prveto, Abe Manse, ino, ynr rhe ha ceeded to abu Ss Ch 3. Death of Patron-Protector, Abu Mansur Thn Yasut Wenn 10/1016 thre years before hicowe deh, and more than a cen afer the boing of ae ruble withthe Shar Bm 'Ag ‘ae te proton of his patron, Ab Manon sa (le) raved me and give me Yeloge wo Twas or aang he ‘agit ey oppond me Ande nmamed the conto 9 poles sora dat inclang ven the rage and he beau amen ‘They sought rede neta of tngon many onan ing he me, ll beyond he ae of en ‘When his pson did ha “Agi na entysren Tn i's wateent tat Aba Mane aed hin (ran), and gave [iin ni om nda at Ne Bc he a Ab fans af an eat date: omeie been 447/1055 an 85/1068, the6 san hg ms uP a ras eid mene sboe Hsp potion wh Abu Mansur canbe sen It his alereadon wih sional wer the dgeey atthe Se ef Au at's tomb Four dterare enone: #36 chen an aoe 157 or whe a ior wen an wen eye Weg Selim into the character othe yout, ad inte te tec poduon oe tye wt his patronpoecin m Se nn SUS ioe sae Ebene eae ee Recesitecro aan meester So teeet ees nas hears Sigma ire: chanting meena orton creer gene SEL ier erasers Somer dksccmer cy tasers, at piven nema maeteete aro Seca acer es Spice torte puma ares SEE aaenliniel aren rere SLeiere arenes ares irises Shcicm ene Shem rehire mi oa Senators tata ee ‘sid to me, ater taking me side, wa, ‘Sir! We have no dea what our Sieat toa taney See irae oor having been misappropriated fom the churches and ama Sepettinnars Hepec oregon ote ‘an ordinary person, making the versa tat fn ‘Alas to the Scscay of France, woul hare been da with summary bat rao the nouble Abu ana Hoa tual the Soren compli had 0 be IMiroued Abu Manor Neve ao the repeal tne Usd by the iron-protectr ith Ms prog “The allowing sobographiel pane i of ome sigcance, in ew cf he ct tat ti Ibm “Aah ho ted the cha of hs profemar, not Shar Ab jae The pg contain ofthe previous passe on aha pote, Oat Abu ai ‘Un his [Abu Y's deat, Il pot mss aening his cure tnd accompenying hrs inh retest during whch he allowed re totem keeping hi compan, bei ring sma or ale ing bee he serpy when be wat om hs anu nape of my Yovh thaaeces ati pate moments ote han ay other ahs "hee daciples ince, of cou, Shr Ab a. Tech atthe Mowe of Nas, eced fr Tb ‘Agi an ly a ished for bim by he pon, was 8 Hal char named ale [Rod ater founder Te es mame nol fom the fanoos Enroute Pesan fly of pee minister an econ tate ok shear Abba petod but fom the Hana oraconst and soar ‘that, Abs Halt a Baral, nen i arse mai to sete wa lige cal al Ramat and woo ehow on were eon occ pats were the fll profesor (1) Aa Hilt "Unae . Aad a Barak! (a. 887/007), founder of te chair 2 his son, Ab kag Thi (91-48/072-105), who sealed law under the welown Hal jroo, Ton Bata (4 387/097) and Tho Hard (another ‘on At Abas Abad (4 401/01), wo ded lw under ister {nda Hamid es younger and ed beioe the eament ofthe Cha) (8) Abn ta tad) bn "Ag Up to and including the eee tary he Hann uid had chs fm Monies and im mai Eelegs tha not je adept the madmen, for Hans, ‘rere te come in the oowing entry. To sured the maser nd each Ine pctiiou Menqu of Sanco, aon of the Tradonale mare tan, a of great inporane to Shar Ab ae who liged for sh cogrton le conser hk shoulders the egimate eegpace the muers man, ot the shoulders Of joo, In Aa ky of Mo'aalin, eo precocious botIV, PERSECUTION, PRISON, AND RETRACTION: 458-65 The extant fragment of te Day of Te san coer the as hee ‘month of 40 eal thea onc 40, aura ode pe ‘ino i tc ep ate a Sofa tmall bu dead rosaeedon of gh elon socal sad Bail iso, a serypresour dctiment The Dan bop Sawa sng 1068 Over so yeas hae pase See fhe Seth of ‘i Won 19 Rea 8/18 0 along wih ma ‘as appoated othe Cha ve dha of Sab far pny the ners oxy. so rine months hve psd nce the dea of Ans Maneurin Muharram 460 (Sovenber-Dectaber 1067) death which Irought about he Stary penccson ofa The aren ott feng month os cnn mea ‘sa ry been sealed ine meeting berm he Shand "The dari mentons Fn Alby ame some fen tines and ada lpi of his movement othe Gate of Degrees Quarter, cWi Sally, were the young fre had vg sam tht sone of sti pon and proton Afer Tonge Reracton a Maher 4s, vas reperted that he excapet execu though the god aera he ipl primer, Far aaa i (8/1080) Ta 1 a whom TA ides noo fh eta Arad Dds Ba hie (4 28/1100), om of Fake aaa. The period om al fo 468my be ddd in tre phase: (1) pit and perecton,whice lasted ane yea a for mn (here could have ben el pred of Pat flowing the deh of Qodi Abu in 88, and De Aa ‘seen ah sha tne vata Soto Mataram 5 2t 26 pene 07%, tte oe peng ‘fora signing ofthe Retraction he Caneey af Soke, ated fre linet he yess tothe month after Abe Manas ea” ‘The flowing pasages are exer fom he aay fe anaton oF sprit Fat te dd phe so de ay fomments where needed. These panes ord the reas more i ‘ate understanding of he atmunhere pervade on haan acest, Shr Ab Jar, el eat ofthe parapet aetna ony he ema he “rH ocean OF 40 2 1. Bvents Reported Prior to the Retraction “he Day begin with the flloning date: Shaul’, perhaps Sunday, the fac of the month (46/3 Acs 1068). Ton ain’ nes (Diy, #1] that Be peevoussoonh of Rarman ped tot dines Woe tenn teen de pres Go frit A ending of he Diary ees {he ca af Ton ‘Ag assure of dein whi he rank of [oops fi antl and the Has tty Iona waa Harb i ‘Easel Abu ar, wavs Hash ar ell Barba, The Hana steve ded bemeenpro-hanfand a Sry members Sms divided (rete Hatinin ended bythe Maral ofthe shi poy, Nog Trev’ Ai Pavan Trad wedaiBt (2 49171038), opposed Stan jar, One yor snd tee nibs have aed ce the death afte ed of he Hea gl Qa awe ns tute afb‘ ene lela at the headship he Hata tte gld was an ance cate of he Sas pai andperstetion fie aa ‘The dais notion thatthe mont of Ramadan had pase without Asem indicts tat he Shr host twas hgh had les ‘eguns ngasing two oping over eis the Handa gl Nothing econ nthe Day fr sha rearing Ti ‘Ag, esa inde {ng that ths month le Rene, lo aed nioutdiseason Far The faloming ony Dis 3d the dart records the death of anbely Sut a HEah Too Qaral who Ba itervened inthe ase ton 'Aei 8151 ‘Rep oie pint oma te en sion ang eters ach of the wo group to wh Sh Au Jar ‘gsi Sopp rae ey ‘ongreational psy on 4 Dh Qs'da/3 September). To ant Sha ‘anny Tb abaiae (499/100) and Sian (4470/1070 ave {quoted hing th statment ‘We wish to ring Tb "to the Monge forantanes The dare weer "Th cased 4 commotion inthe Monge: ghtng began snd a numberof irtane were sed, and some pope wet ied Thad aeady prayed and eeurrneds 806) “The reason or the coon thas Shar.Aba Jaa bent on Ke ington nom ssuing ec ae Mme Desde te host | the ove felow lanl medoned above, the Sho comes ino cont Wh te Marshal of te Has, Tura Zana Here'swhat he pro- ‘Sara records regarding he scons othe Marshall: “The Marshal of he Hashins Became angry with a group of people Hei noreprimand both side onthe contra Heald hinds taper group, and thie acon oi hie proved to be re. He ruse te plsdeing uf + rigence Belonging to ama bythemae of s}Giadai, an inhabitant of the Basa Gate Quant, o- {Sted eae she resence of the notable Sh Ab feta Ts by ‘Ma God presre tetra of ise! The ater svt ia borer ‘fom di an mic He (Cha way ot comdered hvae or tong in my neighbourhood on the cota, he wat tacked count of me! Head heard ht he Marshal had pen the de, ‘Doris to him, and Ghadari ws phndved acting 017) The Maral of the Haskins wx no doube svar ofthe fact that (Ghada mara surce of information on Ibn Al or San Naan sence he eer te Shar at recned in ter pamage of te Dy {ice 0) On the allowing ay, Stary 6 Dhis VQ5da (0 Septet), Saf jatar and he dav on ab Bat pou of people Inche Chara Gate Quarter ter iaing Hana were ped to sect ham thre, bu fled to make am appearance; thew were I ‘Qaim (4465/1083) and Ab ‘Al Unbac ara (4986/1003), ‘The darstwitas We stayed the and submit writen compan. THe Maal asst» menage oan, bat he ada aoe preens sich kept im from coming” (47) tall er be aren tbat ath Lanbais, rgb a! Berti’ an Jn at Quin. dno spt forthe ‘Sar See #85 and M186) “Toudge ty what ook pice dhe flowing dey, that merting as cal nap ahi pa te Sepang ese ‘The ftoning day, Monday, hey were ummioned the Chancery of Sint The Caliph (reed win the Diary esl te Sale fan being ealed ‘Maik spoke ta pre of the company ofthe nla madhtat, and ofthe Sta he wid dh he dered the Marshal fo make no atempls aust any persops ant ave what ‘wa plundered rete (eo Ghd), and tat» ine be pd fe ‘what was consumed or spied, The Cab added: We ute ge ‘The Shui ol not rom one (the other bun of te Tig, ‘of rear othe place (The Bata Gate Quarters the oe ‘tthe Monge of sb Mannir} So Cath As Fadl Wal wo Seed a Minister of Finance to Clipe alQiin [he preset CGaiphy and alsfoqt, approached the Sar Hed mon hie ead abd asked en rete (#17) ‘The ars aun‘ otened fe ht anid ead he Masa wee ‘rough ogether, at hey made peace wr acer tal ote par othe Shanta go ack to ht redone in tne Bara Gate Queer, Teeaon af the Mangus of Maneur,tanaunt oaet olen shetlecpcearnn gonna ta heya 7 fim ‘Agi he stone re rhe above psy a regi tect Agi be at er cord er 1087 Denson wa feeding DEY ‘Bios ‘Tee At notton regurg the ese i ded Tuc, 19 Fee, heft nant o the yar (18 November 1058), The Bari tes ars nan rcs Tata, Wer Side ques, screens mene sheets tema ects Secon snout soe one teeruecooe paceman mi eeaipaeatuan et {re cray anpeon fect ev he wf the a freeman sts ee fone mk coe) 1 dee ieee wo eM meena Ss i ek iy eal {Bape ro arabt a apetcepranconestae nia cine ok eae se cae Sicha ghee were ana nat mettned ty amen te Recon Aron robot eece ca ferme elon Soins ers tsar eesti ornapaie dae et nals ing Heed for trig te nde of De oN mabe mhawegenr aneharecndat pita Qo I ave read this frag: eeeeaesrc tie eer ce eee ne ia aaa see Sit an 1. | | | |Bana’ notes hat the wind vaso rong that no rong [om the Eat Bask tothe Wes Bank ofthe Tigi cod be ade Hemeaseete Noses ‘Gf the Galph, (The erosing noid prenouty have been to ge te he Mosque ofa! Mans in the urs Gate Quarter Sudden,» man dropped snot inthe sy tle, on which the fatlowing was writen “0 you, whofe sesh i your trea, fr Arce cosccune nigh, Ab ‘A In asada” May Ga ae ery ‘i= ying: Tel ay bother [Aba Ad Aah Tn fade istnw of Abu Mansur), "ear God, ane atin pes. The ma ae ‘And Tso in one ais hands pomegranate andthe ver st quet of rarcis! He conned "So fad “ow bem tee ‘Ad he noweed “This isnot mine longo he Shall Abs A yn Bara’ = May Gos bestow spon him af hinds fous Ad ‘he prayed to God for him Tad te ean knows oH to Aa “Ae Ala fra (0) ‘The dist thn abBanna, praised im this dream, was preepor to che tire of Abu “Ab Ala fbn ard broher ofthe decenel When ba Banna author ofan iextant werk on onszartcs ssked on ‘erpret te dean, tea As forthe pomepranae i sepreent the ting of my alas ona ‘ound bland their continuo best can be wed sage ‘be cae [te car of Abu Abd Ash Toa, bos te de eased in question) and Go grace ti for (he Doug 0) ‘ar teen an urging to eft te promise bebo {Se and irom meta the dete I weds it henna ee ‘01 ventto hin at dare on Stay 18 Rab 1/10 Jena) sod fled hi a comple recon of the Quran whch worst og, ‘And Ist sie for hi a sare ofthe Quan ectaton Whe | aly oe the Sahn Th Vand is her Abo {hope tht God may thereby bene them aad lth det of he Mans together! 74 Ic spears fom his exes noaon hat Ib aan hd ben ‘etined ye deceted rece the Quran oe hsglasr Pede {ea ADs Mansur thn Ws andthe se eres le ac "net was be ade ty the beh fhe deemed. namely Aba fe ‘Aah Ta tds the a mera smnaw a ue eee ‘Mann Yun We ab now fom the Bay ca ie aie explo ara fom the month of Shara 60 enh a (8 gut 1): Here be 0 tnd he nl Tn ans ee en ‘eh teld courses ne hades he mugen ‘hath Aa Ab Ad nh Tb Jor th squat Koos ed Joo Jura woul treo appear thatthe dni a ome concerned show ie te of bis rans with the mecha’ Baty ‘Sar ta aed de begin te er, and ead tri irda eacnea Hs Hoorn pg a he fers as appended, nd he sed ft hi oer be no ger eure The dv coca ppteny doe oH cel Scrip wh Sho A er, one ohn gi prt the tne AB sara nin tc ae offs fara Feu, Whene te dar’ dea pean vie mereun-prte train ago te one anand ath the toon he ote ne tert puion nee a ending I ian when ie af ey, Ra fn 10), hh A oe scales meme to Chad, Seclng au exlnaton for someting netgear ede” "hte tha he bn “Ail has bee amie int the esidence of ‘Abe Quin fp Rewsn,sndonbea seached i comply ‘overed nage vl Now do ot know how dt be te ‘Sood a ha Rudra He has ady declared o me athe Dot ‘need with Bin bt he who kes in an no rout ‘opiate foun the Mare 8) ois Bahn eps Wath doe eco ‘ree. He a npy ated for anim anf elng tat He cou ot “ce, he ented aA th KncneeT wih he Sheath Teta seathim (te sm Lind of ph ne wou ot bve inde Oo? nig epoach hom he alawed him 1 come oR (76) “Fhear goes onto not tthe and he Sharfwent se Tb Jarada art soacqusat hin vac ad happened and osaktim wheter Re coud apy wa: at hr wold en ar oa eiing {he Seta [the Caliph] ~ May God exe the term af ise = th report of wha: you ad bear in eget Tba Agi acing thee ‘atest [the ween ofTon asda and apa], 0 ‘tum [se ef #16 above hwo the Mowe fof abana ]™ ‘The dirs shat sad en rete te Shr coming on ‘Wasa (485/107), erry of he Maral of the Fast Tov ts So rence svat tose bd on "Ag aco ing tem of Muto and ow a Bann ries the ao fhm ‘Ribyanaeiepaie Now abo dah carer omen of be mtement tin oad sa af 1 shone] ot ae ie one fal tothe Menge of tan Taser qootason bas hat hoy ‘ube to mary hit te Mong, wh coast To "AGh hd 2 ‘Tay beeracne hve nue profes,‘Te dari wes: "handed Shei Abu Abd Allah I Jara he note containing the reper of he eam, He read and wep [4] No dab {Bu means the ibe Jars was going to anor ha fae oer Ws ecg the dart eminent fects the Qa “Another eam ges Tb Man" anoter chance to demonise Iba “nal casting him the ole of ae prope: (on Wednesay [7 Rat 1/14 Jury], resent of he As} Gate {uarer came tome anda ea as ropa opps ‘Soong te people: and I node tht the held deren Spnions ‘ih regard'o hin. Ove pry wa sping" ot pole thats rope should appear ater aur Prophet (amma) = Pear be Src him!" Then hey aged wh you aout ha apg (one a ‘ther, "Tere oes peena atv for you oes tan fon ‘Sona tose suction (Someone) nie Mes hin" Thene ontied my instant awake sis Ths man ein herd) 2 dev ho peas inode to ead the people aera They ae of dilert opinions with teed to him, bot abl be= Brae beta Go = he oa oes tehsil and dao, andthe eproation ois ee an vr =if God owl Then Au "Abba Sac tT Indeed (none oer thn) ona =HGod so wl (70) ‘he pronoun ‘they’ refrs, no doubt to the Hana and the Hashimis sho a, within each hee So gps dein tel opens regard ign A ‘On he flowing Soury, 20 Ra} (1 January 105), bn abana nots tha the Qu Str baa bal Mu wa ih a group Fanta ths place in he onguccllge ena person enced ‘sourcing hat Ton Ai has came toe Caer he Geof Degrees. {#9 Ton sbanaa goes on rete The man mas ake "Bat wha pce i he ote, fa Ne cou ther have eaered the redenc ofthe Ayal Av “At Aish ba rnc, nor tha ofthe yl To Ria He ope" eee ‘the mosque occupied by Av ase a Dari (495/102. So nt {lorem among us ho site jt or fay oer as ff iearned mans hia pate wo tate etme he ‘nto hms "Goto Aba Naar nd whisper ino his ear, a ‘tated wel a your place and fer eh Hot might ear (be fase ohm). The Qa Show [Ab aan Isla] id 0 se) Wel done” The tal went od tht hen rene in ste. syng: "The sok sled tren ot So ne ee with ste was wee Wich ad proceed othe reine of he Aa be Jarada, Now echo ae shat he bn Ail ad et the rsidence offhand that the ard bel the people ac sce scan mum of pons End confined ther to he tongue Then the it wa qe and Some ty hai aa 497/110 the ane who made i pote tb Ai to come (othe Gate of Degres Quarter). So {pepe cared i, yng: Thi an fe want m9 he gos repoaion a thet bn Ryan. (He oi is) foe We turns going haves with ha Ages what fe eng in Tecnica a Me a nie” ao {Si that Ton Rin was any ih aus May Cod defend {heft hom te cl athe psn 280 {eis now dear ha anyone connected with Ibm “Ag Bale wo be a= cused of Mein eo sppess at both serchane To aad and fn Ridwen, bd promis ato admit fbn “Aq to thle homes ad thatthe sonra ofthe Aj A Man on Ya ee, Ton ido parle) were eng the need of bm “all The ater wat rotonger na poston So reid for Riel hig this puro. nor © ‘Sune hstetaingpor fe materathue betwee the opposing cams, Tenth eur of fbn othe Mowe ofa Mar, aves the Chat ‘fine nara nat Nic «ae Shaws tobe Ib i Th the cone ba pets 20 oF 7) of the mon of Rabi (17 034 Jan 106) Ibn a Bann ax: ‘The Shih Abu Sob Kin informed me dat Abu “Hasan bh ‘Sishuler ld ins "Tha ‘Ag ad writen ante ere 10 ‘Kine tothe Siok Aju Abu Mane in sul ~ Noy God ave tnergon hm! Bush Abs Wa went mes eae ng "Do not {kins yt of For ths aman who anaes real Inport” cetinved my informant, orock hi and didnot ‘verbs note (48, than am om en oft te dean fon'A Ss ft sane te ee te Sar ‘ina alga such ays oe could wc hcp degra the Sour a's ese Onda iret beh he fond EEE U pened ier nonce as peter diese ree fle bt reheat Hana egg ob condeaed one or mers ints sna (ee). Sch a alae hh Slow cn ane cole te cal sure a we he wet ‘stan nn own eparg hes Ae The ern no Seu me fag ny ft aed preb ‘reourgeTbinia i nog hime ten oon theme” ‘Newt ucaepaons gant" ohaeindoenedfew Hantal ofthe flowing cen the Damascene thn Qua hs loremensoned Tarim. he sides the hice ef he" ne Sot cups te wenn ed tng wigs, pes Alaris the mame aan a aa choy ey Trancated ane Mi a ar 2 Negotiations Leading to Exile We no comet the at en ring with the I “Agi was sat ce The dati Ture ab i fra ey Armen phen hn Ran Sy oa ‘long comerion on mater of inpoance ok ple bene ‘hem ey then eared tothe Cary of See Eman pe le aan ion wie ed th ee Tae Narallandsroup of Hashim presen and pesos te SSulmectoa se lnc fe pn a a |e tind hcp nd a ' tha he might etm to hs een inte Bars Cae Geary, Tat Ae jr eeueed tat he be sss, hm esasseg spony of eroning oer Ten the cow dap a ne ‘ade the cig the end of dag on Thana ie ten {i fn month (9 Fen. ” See Abu er and is pary needed proton itis he wh emerged ‘he wlaerin ths mecing the ments which are nowheneses on the extant Dion nor for that arn any uw soe Phen ‘lo is dat nse tha Sar A oar won he ee at (On Fay (24 Rab’ 1/20 Feb, the Al Aba LQ fan $Ridvan ad be group (f Hau) cred oer and ated he Seige Sa (Am ft * There war nt angle scone Aiko sh poe) whet no ated, nce he an tnd the Haims Twars ayo wich umerous pesos ee reset nowt he Shar There ocuned beeen esd Sah ‘Abus ast praon on ania os hein wm conierate tne tao reckoning We tics foe formed the Tidy congregational sence of wor The eed rene agaist us touch sexton tht we ere he oa the ironging onthe eet pople Then we exe he pei {nvoked the Bsn of God upon the Cap ands cushase ‘pon the Shaan comparing and upon the jl ee a te sean oF " ‘ying tema po in an wer rh i ping ‘im company unl he ba descended ora hs out people paned the night in joy and hapinen, God ta putan ri 0 Saran, (0 -Adsputson om points ofa outside there of callege fn ort part oft regular sere cased on the home of juno ist {he celebration af solemn event ~ ia the present eae, happy ne {Ghegeysistaron any the tre parti, pon whom the Blesngs ‘of God ere invoked (1 the Caliph said no dou that he could ook foward oa oes period of peer (2) Ibe Rea, tied, most Hy thatthe fate fr she exec of Tn Agi would ot be eed oe Ul, of our the young man elised recat nal (8) Shar ‘Abu joa, eideny ned wi is part of de dea. Two ober pare inert =ibn Aq sd the Marshall he Hass -crcryed the sere ‘bn Aq remais ine, unl he igs the Retraction. The Marsal po "Aan and st Shr had no sare nthe Benn od ‘et ur now rem Tin alana" narracn of the vents Which ‘On Sararday, the flowing ay (25 Rabi 1/21 February 1060), tbo {akg shaw of te congratlations on wha had hen places and ‘ter rejoicing at On Fd the Aja Abo Muhanad a Tani a ben present at th bla nd i the Shar Abs Jar errelsed one Aponte of God = God's Beings and pesce (eon hil hat he sal "A part of ny Communi salle case old io he tet, armed y te ely of theme ll ‘he Day of Rensrrction" Then hee [6 Shr Abu aa he prsence of the congregated body, sclding he Maral ad Sere Trae be to Gad Who as gen you Ncony oer Jou? Enemies, ate Your word petal, resis the Sona hugh Youu and cautel het ination to die thrngh him {tbe Maral o ba “Agi We, andthe group (t Haas, and the Prince of te Fail (he Git are out Hepes and alien “God cory i thos td cnt” (ee 2240), Weal ght in fone ot you wich «sword wh wll ao be sendy =e lst iets) wha inh eu have sd We a not ten "Then the pope et [6 ‘Te dai a is donb abou the inet f Yin aan aa ie puting sb’ of the congratulations nd of hei racing the [uiceme- Ar forthe apeech af Fumi ambassador of te Cap bso “iplomats coquene,deciming fer the Caps ea, ore 20 than or ‘hat ofthe Sto for mone erm he ad, awe al peels ryag tre a es gotten enc tween str a cecciatacca tee emer he ia’ enon f his a vl king forthe ery ext ‘on we meet thse who were dated ih Bec chee levesreponed reported tat group ff Shanda) went os Abe Manni parle tr csi apt abe mer ch ce hr cae as Hee Soa hae pnd the uper hand and gy mae Shae truth, Whom do we have who wil att the Maton aftr pos fe ion nye ok eage ter weking i in Got Woh ea ach inne ein sence Haas reste oe inchemaret seen nett to tes ning Oe tein red af hese wee the Alley ee a ens ‘oe topiy and bese depp chgtned eon ‘The iri nodes the above notation with “twat reported hat nblet means tha the information did not originate with ene of tis oon ‘afranis This would seem onda tha he Haneda of he pry of Ib ‘A raed Fabs yout epee ibe pany ‘rofeiorsenhiiant and chaleraog teaching They complan en ued a the momue nd inthe mureraee, eigen ee fons as was ter Ieaer Tb“ A ello of Tah were being purse, butot forced tomate ay teeter, Sethe cu y ols cnsnon se ote a hee ‘execution when the latter retracts a a Aer aig a wonton epg Abs Mann au ee ars quest nan ub onto on cae ‘eter pa Thnoromene nt minal ooee eet at ‘ers den (10) Thea ea geno othc neater (a Sunday 26 abs 1/22 Febery 100, amlitadnos condo {anal companions and Hains gered wih ts any sn Jer. wo coed over the Calph Uankiog mand sos pe eins ed pon is, Then ered Gas vog jar and ented upon the Sha dal So hgeaee e ‘Ridvanh wh edn cet hi ander had Se pee ‘hen they ei pace to got the residence ofthe Shih A ‘Ab "Ant Aah Top Jada. Tl 2a, hia, eS, fn were og ie aan in the mou of Ton ah Ss ‘Ate he Sharad pare by with not of thon who were wt hy ther seuck them ih oe o wo bike. Wherenpom, some ofthe rettered tothe ote of be Sahm Rivne ep Ing. 'See who in the mange Upon sng the abuts toy ra the gard ay hold of erm, beeping therm under guard The Tha Bids "We wl hve them retested ater the cond die pent losttheyte led’ Heading bac, te Star "Wher Told hecnetoibeon met bng cng pd ‘nthat repr aed obiged oom overt the Wes husk. Bethe wo [roots the ot (the Marsal ener hindered, nor reprone ‘storm wi mot leave ey resdence, in which tae bee ing ‘he Miata Gal Quire east buh Then the Has iN toy capable conan both wand hae ereeal orators The one ho ad his wan the Shar The ‘Abd a Wadd 46/ 1074, accompanied by) nas and) the Hatin and heir fotloers: Tethys ot renin othe Gate the Caio ‘he Capa Guar). Thope that Gr hele e He shone al ‘ail extinguish the i rt the Berea nmorasony and mike Suunift the Prophede Traons. (nthe cegard I sect the elloving were fine I wender at rae anda he people wo wanto exlngu the patand ano the uth, But he ightoue of ison hs mever ened tobe ight though hey were the Ea (chan ewe bed the sy judged the peter ta and ‘ec the partner comply ate hem ay God hve te on he od of he Ao a be has Indeed suceeded in he‘Two Words be har owipped al cer in oboining ganden Theanbusher reminain pron atende he gars thei, andthe guaring (ed) wh the end of Weds, he ten ih of his month (5 February. Then the Shaws summoned Fe went accompanied ty ehee fa companione They spate to thm th roar he pane, and he an have sven pur ‘Nevetlo, bn “Agi a to revs his eae on Hal tbe Nua Tho face ale the etracon ofthis Wea parade: (1) the Haba (pia this dime rept wth sce Su, among was aA a Fito; and (2) Las Magn ha righty inde, there ma never {nani cones among ee juceconui ia condemoation of Hal ‘omifeanding the sateen! the Retatom tothe eet tat Hal ‘rr conderaned ‘ar arnt of the conten ofthe Juana of it 1S paipble proc! that i fll short af aehicring the cmec oF the {eons One therfore led to coche ta he Sha hn ‘Agi’ Tint, bat not cece beenne be na tal He war upeding the log opinions Gata) of we juriconnt gant Ton “Ah, en‘hough thr opinion opposed by suthorane jason had filo hie unanimous commer Bt with he hep hs pris he wet ‘le teen Aai om amning witch te Mose ofa Mee Inreum the Marsal kept the Stam teaching o eninge pg em : “ ‘Shr Aba ur wa lan epee to Maem, and hot Tbn ‘a os h concred = Na Dt bao waned poral reap he Youth, een Joss nis faring eaten core ‘Seder muta ater the ite Qui Abia, te Ch ot ie Te Dyce i ihe Mot Mant, and he eso fr i eh wh to rn eta a Al ‘at mosque This as the Diy fat enone hese the Bela month of 460/057. The Maal of te Hs a Scoayin charge othe easy of revo eatin the Nemes whey ote knewn fo ecu when ote fon wie open the pores ‘hon by an opposing acon om saching there: One a ea gh tern ough stab nga eee heg eaeseane Hasta ult hat of he Sai td wat acne of vig tne Ava TA who ha fen i had ented wm ois works to cerain Metaial ail Arey Ibu abjouts Menem rears lsrerng thc content, delncted the to Shaaban Te ay ne the evidence toi hao forcing Al kes pa, ‘Ren ores con Th hth et ith ope ci, en in te rec rece Te Ron hin Gn He known aro ave had so ma ollege in the Fast Side Zafira Qua the quan af his relocere nce one of his ntonanes eva Ir Oe mace Roe ee there isno indication of his having taught in the Mosque of Mans afr ks pcos death nor afer he Shea's deh A or the Shr ee ow have aati ta qe ny Petee, ot er, ha eat nag ‘The Sh’ fat was presumably seconde ty thesia (#79), ¢ oso by hs amor he Shan spartans The Sars heer forthe eadhip ofthe Hanalguiandtccasone Aba Yr sche habe shed ty Ab Mana he later sen death peeing eee Sher fe and wo connie hs prt of Tm a Aral Sh he Inte’s wings on um and Hall the Sher cold once ee hop for race codiden that Th ‘Ag oa be thar fr he wed) sler hve o rer which ee He wou be drei Be would sete ah tee ci hen pn bot the cinirand heap ofthe gus” Ane Ow ach of The terms of the negsaons between the Staf and Tn van ‘eran unknown, Cary the Sharfemerge the inser, nT “Ag Tow at eat iets ne The Shar aceeded to he headship (he Hal sccording tothe raph nose oi hi snide, Tho abi We (once adopted y Ton Raja). Wa the Sheed Tha "Aa wo acy ad ws ner rom spreading dea which he Sibybetned to be Matai Aer ‘A he eat ve cha ba ater ‘he Shr death eaued teaching in a monyceslege hit om a {5 Halla and Ibn There ttn to belo that I "Agi Ne Heart of ear, dd po ene to encrat he great mp, Halla or while condemning the socal ‘chou of his contemporaries among the Sas whom he considered one descended to the hwet eee of dshachery, he raed that of he ‘ary Soon he eld the highet rego fen tating a cee ie ‘Soto bemcea them and wht he considered abe tam Sus, However, have none ce aro angi enon of Hal by “Agi ae 6, Mu'taztiom and Thm ‘Aqil in Aji wile anda ah leva of Mason Brough pi the Inia up tthe age of ates, no fear rh, As Teton Ic however he was posed to Rasonalisn te prefered. Katona the saghiorard Roveuils qo what he comdered the ambient [vars who ke ate fered evar Mua bu dare noe (0 the (Guan), an another hep bach toward he Trae or cone 08 ott gies (her rae be = \V. PERIOD OF OBSCURITY: 460-70 “he age of ‘Ai esos nde i not tttcn yous hi aching acy war epndtms 60/1057, ear tis pron’ death andthe rezomption of puri by the Sar 0 470/ Toth year of he Sh cent eps er the Reaction deg tthe ager af the sudens, noe ws od enosgh fo Begin i callg egal lic Saving thie period Ti as prt ote price hm ‘Ag a oy ‘orate ithotaval the faa fr treks A for the Sha hes ‘ported to hve dds Tong prod of nem, dae to pouring 8 ‘tacoma yey meme the an Sho group. tat and‘exament sent Abs "A Al hora, i copie bythe dans {Banna the San commend i lowers to the ate ofthe anal ‘merch fling uch e comencs hem 10 God cae eo fe Suc that he feral prajers be performed in the Mosque of Maar Uwtere they did axe place) ste mater soul beled fo them ‘This meas tha he Roatll eben fe antagonist poop er ‘om bg abated “ " ‘VI RESUMPTION OF PROFESSORIAL CAREER: c70-.513 Once fre to resume his eching, Te “Agila many soxens, some ‘sown toate uansnted Prophet Tractons on his ath eseeay tolbm Rapa secu of Th agi Lnowege of laces Arp cadence in the Rumen shows his extensive ations of the bah an othe Qu nd the exegesis of then mail nce of Ma ae 1. Students of Hadith ae aan eerie (0) APMabarakb. Kami ab Rha eater (495-543), ho wacaled oe | ‘Ash'ari~Shafii, who transferred to the Hanbali legal guild, and was one of | oy ras sigcattarsmeotnrcna emacs Bags" (4) Abu 'tloain "Aba sbaqy “Abd Khang aces -abRhabbas (¢.598/119%). 7 pe a i sme aan mtn abHayawani, both meaning. liry vendor’. Jurisconsult, sermonist, | Quranic achokr, Suds and ani eae nt bee Sorc sh eeeterenee emer ‘ar his ache sede under the drcon of Rada and Tb Aa Tad Daj appears o hve ace the at of he sermon ar TA [Kaa ot being known for tat acpi To on“ he may ao face bie bin and hit came of Hall His profeses of lav were ebadhani and te ter die, Abu Bakr Ahmad abDainawar (0 50/1158), Iona Daa wae tanner fT Ags alr BAN Smee Hath He ws protay abo one ofthe tanita of Tin ‘a up he Tob bn Qua es re wees fA (dsaremong them, cessing thera ing fal o Tradsonast doe ‘inesand ofthe elweaton of ered! imaoratrs'Tbe Qdara no douba Slodied the fntar wader tow ij cold he also have sed Ti ‘Anis Murat Ths woud expla why he ped over in alenee, when (Quning nai Reracon, derety oitng the par on the Nae ‘Betta ta Qudaaa Soo he Qasr order™ 2, Students of Law Aa fh Agi evade on™ Am tat Mamma) Sanh aA (40-500, coh bre 'Mie bar aon SUR Goss ai (ore 18-529) lens on ogeion ib air acer Sat a (ye ache vols ths prope incense Tha el in pepe oh lui eae ccd a se ones {Bu eaabtia s napewert on pounce ot pay exane3) ‘Shu Tinie Anat bab ashe (0 SHUI. CD Ab 1 ‘Sih Saha (TEE), we hae Shao se onto Ube tesa oo ot ‘aos 3) Au ac ‘Abd Aah lo Abad, Mamma a me, a ab aia atin thre 4 4182-118) A ri And ata ead ba sg 0-801)" {aa hts anand by Abo A Aah (585/118), sia ttveaboremendonet inh sbAbrad (Aba an A Shekels Been bar (400/119) ewan ade we ude of bd in rata cri. Tb Nar ee ‘echetw ahh tran ln Tog he ena tod ‘Sher tna sland war wlio or dies shina Eg ptf ong mi sya ooabl er ianlptn, Aden Seba coed Prophese ‘radon ace anf then of he ron, ng ther Spe Bauer intone of te each fv au, et sont The Talning ee sande an ‘Ag were hihi ings > arb ele ho, ke a “iy Dr bees th6 as Pea Ts Juiconsuls win dhe Manta egal guid They each fund their own ‘ohlon (8) Abu Hath Ahmad b."Al', Mubamvood etal. nore a Barkan (4%-518/108-1120, wo watered othe Sha el ‘Alaa 'Abd ap Sali. “A Ton Pat (2/148, tacony {2Ma-Hanaf (11) Abus Saaga bs} oun fb Had 573/117, who added ptwopy to hs Hantib, and semoceed 9 Manta ‘VIL IBN ‘AQUL IN THE JUDGEMENT OF POSTERITY ‘isc fli al contin he the meteor ong te rons of he Sha and the Hana egal gle: athe Se {Severs the cent cease ged rolbiag char novo thehighet pr orhesersen a {nec fom both igus Seren them are Haran oe Shas The ave ofA end ot ol alg yo iphe ands. Ascary asthe ceny nick he ded we he hee ‘at poster bad oy aboutus The accusation elo gat eo some anbalofuar cemure tas he ing inthe Reeser ‘nupretaion of th dine seribte »coene they blew te ed ‘is Mita profeorx But not single Tadtonlis, Man or Sta, ‘onde hin for cough, thot some ance trance soapy 1, Sila (57671180) Th cere Saf, ana of Alesana cane to hn iA when ending his diputaons. He heard thn “Aqh wing about his grand father, whowas the secre ofthe Bs Da’ Bala unis ote ofthe lee ich tought alu tothe calpate:repaing a Hesho quwd fbn ‘Ament tue ain anpoceion ‘nthehandwng of ay wander Dhaba quotes Sed omar hk Se 2. Tho alJauai (4597/1200) 2 alfa denies tn Ais being “unig sea freest leader tfhistine handsome, ith din good etoralqualies™ Exe e ‘Srvc im, pry onthe authori of ha pote, om Ns "aden n shelogy and Taw end pith i, He was of eet apontin, penetrating nel wth agha ngemesyand perspec linvcaceling us pees dapat, an author of rest works He ho peiuestissorks or reason ofhitthoughtsd eevee econ ihe man soe one banded a ly oles hve some io my [poses Ae noed prey hn ae i ret source for pues ost “A 3. Ibm Qudama (4. 623/1220) 1 Quam, who makes the Retraction arated epuraing the othe oxy oT ai fom what he considers tobe his eto, stack ie for hang len under the induence of Kasonalstdocne: indeed, he ‘onder Thai to have ben an Aba. le devoted an nie eae, “aj om naa A a ale (Proton ofthe Sy of Books the Theslogians of Kalam, 0 the cenere of lm in wich he com {son the Mtl, he Aris al Ton" To mid he rents anger torte were te aaron gh, Ths wae ano ube ighy niece ty heer ral beeen Hab Trion. ‘Sm and Ar: Ratios ia Damateus where Tbr Qudams wa he Ih iA ers neterodny in hr wetings Ibo “al ees he boca of mar” x doctrine which Iba dar wp is Ter ‘Ao Tn Qua yw ave bel anche ge ist bn Aah or {eg esc of Sts Bis ay for cenmarbe paces, some uf wich wok nathan bern condee hy In Qusma he author “Tauabin The Boo of Pent’), wich thy paso posal Tn the Tabi Ibn Quorn condemns ham ough, wheres Tia “AaiLatvillbescen,adocates eam ich be conideteanevnay com ent of tes And ot lt faba ut an (The Right {Stance in the Hoo of Religion’) I Agi ears how of i leagues who condemn that theology, a igaerant of a ru ate, Tn ‘Gacaa tn fre peters Ghar (8905/11) fbn a preference ‘ich may beso his Joma oni eaten work Tal elgg He copies thee the bk ong men th ich Ghar Beglns nie Mutagon wt at igh Rather than follow te expe sitin agin be Waa yap de a, ore ine th Propeeut o a if Chama foie He adoped is dcp‘egarag which he a, in he etmation of other Hamat, comple ‘over and in pte fis uterincompaliy wh iene rato sim to toot He va, neerlem ighyconidered ane. Hantalio’sforemos schol (poste bi). 4. Majd adDin b, Talmiya ( 652/1254) adn te ef ens a Ti nd one Aibtae suo of Mesanes selih nthe ba eng (€8t praise for Ton ‘Aqi's Wag’ . To God beatbuted the excence af hn "Ags Wai at ook! How nsracve is uefa ebvenationd How cops tsaniqe e "ahi ted us Hin pnd en ules ith respect to quoting a doin, acre thong te fru iment of» dap questo, and veri tat Maj ain’ enthuse pee in sing contrat othe the of ‘he Teri his contemporay flow Hana Ton Quam 45, Tagi ad Din Ibn Taimiya (d.728/1528) {bn ini points oun one oi works a sai coset Aad Ina ne ng Hoa tS "mala He sats chewbere tt sdoogh on ai a een cay rare eddy argo re Sloe dey "Thischage nn Tampa's ade wars Al inte ‘fa drelopment nt ony nhs om easton fT “Ab at the thought oto Ac wtih, ae ont have dence hetero Mo'asin, then ebanged io 2 mare sdere necator To aims ain atte tars Iba rome ot amin, and in hie Sands op a of fo Qu, ll ad lo Damacene of the pros cent Allteugh he dors pt meno be tama exp, when he compres Tow ‘Ag ant Chal the Koh ec teh tl ‘nT Aa aga bn Quart cnr Ton Tamia Paces oA stove Ghazatin he fllonng pang om one ths beakas Ab Wal Ib ‘Agia of apg encelenc in icy an ight ‘espected byl the communis tor is rllance gay soda tgence. eis mote earned tan Abu amid eae a ponte tain flbweclogy in hadith and inthe meng of Chane vordsand concept Hein religion amang vemos pins of men [Afar Abu Ham (atGhanai, he beeue ated wth coin Ploophi doce wach ate herta in the opinion of Tt ‘nh who eid dhe meapbexelierpcata fh phones sv. moray OF mx 4a 1 ich (haze Badan up Moreover bn “Agi weigh the ae Thentcof the Sn the sale ofthe nei orcas the role luc one len see that hose who pte the octine wb pro ‘ii teva to ates han the tnce mon namely he wre and ‘ber places of worip are held in ther rar nthe oe of he oman of Beers than he wh pases ln In big Tb Agia ping hn ve Ghazal Is Tip poi hin ot asa Beer modelo fi or rthoory than Gata Fewan inet angatng the option on Quad hse tthe ar nnn he Tm as idenced ih he Qaida ‘Spon, a propecia al ih he cence flog, ciping {tH hn Taya sec in a wor Tenis pra TA {ata the Dok which condemns gleich meas hate wad ‘Conde not only hazel’ flog a bok a wl ag ba so That GQodamrscuying of Gass fg inhi work nhl ‘lis for Ibm “Ah betokon i suppor for he ers use of dee (ala propaedcuse wo ali 6. Dhababi (4. 748/1347) Das, te Tit Rap and others, he igh. aie oc Tn “Aa fv ite dese, canet bat show hi dopleanre regarding ot As Nac teadcorien expecy hi sds of stphorial interprets ton equvdngcerunsnblgeowvenc fered sere, and of ate nent a Trisoma te Propet Ia reading the notes eyed to In ‘Ain aos Hngaptal wort of Dab ain, ej Di the re beac pon nA ose eens wih bi ek dean te pin of 'rting he ood nd Probing She Ded bon, Dai aodues Yo “Ai ie retour lielectal of’ "utr of any Books and the an ™ ‘thet notice on aint Mai ar tur he trades hi ‘Rend ofthe Hata uth the Pad ok hi aned the oar ‘undid and scene vokine” He ns te masters onder whom eae esiate fro Suni orthodsny. Having said fis, Dhafabi goes on to state fhe wes acide of mnpaing xcllene, of wat td profound ear: gin te cj sen lave ith itligence, he greet dope Sch a incl cra ain Dla {psp hotter he warn agrsmen hte atl (Sl) ‘Gietncne win the Mavi na number of heres imsorations = be God fr tangent sd ec Fr too much deli nto Bale ‘eolgy tc tpron tof adherent ada ma fang thvic doesnot concern hii sgn ofa man’s good adherence 1 Tim" Dhahat tar amore extensive notice in his Sur otam eal: where afer cing Tn “ai comnts want eto Slanon the company fs group of rego sholry sd tat ad to prevent me fom sequrng tell krumlage,he somiment “they wee Preven im om aendag the teaching eedons of te Mitr sd Fis reftalfnded him nthe snares, which emboldened in oer heared tts metaphorically We so Gon grants cer (em hes ret innovadons) = 7 Toa Shakir tutu (.764/1868) be Shai 2 Sha, nen hi general ion here he devotes tp hima ogrphial ne, hatin ‘An wanted oot everyting to eget Felon scl of all cools of thang, wits concer fo the ‘hem in he righ seenen 8, tb Kathir (4.774/1373) Ba shi loa Shai, state that he nly eon Th ‘Ag se alan | Under the Muza Tho ab Wait war learn everything abou he doe ‘tne. Bac he imbibed » dose fT al Washes eh aon cot im hie fer snd he never quit hiouel of Mech eens 9. Thm Raab (d. 7951303) Tn Raab was i fhe pinion that ‘Ag never quite i ims Mutat. Bue seen that, the eind oo Ray» mote serous ensure gaint Ton As hivsaneen that thereon unde {gion flow he pros nen fal And Haabal, Reeving that In Augwat bry by hsinadequatetnonadge athe Prophet Tad Sons, he fel that he Bad eonecnrued on faring thes sted af Aequening he tanh mses, he out ne ha all che eqs oe the race of ta. Ibn Raji enmare of Tb ‘gl tan ar con ‘rast tothe highly dary iograpelnoe he devs him, Bt his ‘pposion toi ‘An iene ona pound diference of opinion wt Fepecttothe Fate he Sal) tna ajar work ent Fd a Sala 1 Kal (Superior of te Learning othe Fathers one hao the Suczenon’ Ge tow wo eae afer the)) In ths tees [aj ensures al fen sade make eo i ence of Sane ‘rthodony™ Sicha tet tann ret oppoiion ote doin hich Ta "Agi exprewes on more shin ove cclasan. im sapprt af ich Ne ‘iss that be Hanbal hime opposed Caliph Abs Ba by adboring Go i moon oF ws a a tne prof ave ahough his pentonah independent rescrch (ha, "er than along his expect or the senior of the Sato stan inte "The shove Shai Teadonal, Dhaai and thm Kathi, and the ‘ab tn aja eve dpe ha Tamia td eld Nin ce i ‘Sereget Theyalshard wth him islet dat Tb Ag wes inoened ith, expert repute metaphoric imerprettion of te thine sites ot on Tama, who excels the a a amie eligi histor ands tis owiedge of on Agi dacrne,revaed his pinion af Tal belie ate ede by adering vo pore Sano ortho. Notes to Part One 1, Mangan VU, 05-5 Mi fo a8; DN 6 Tob #7 88 1. Roan a tan Rian iin 74108 ee Mao VI, 88, » Gein dt bine Lena penned, Taian ve FEE a atecte etn sptg rhe tae Ce, angen nen rin Sieh acaumen moet a ERIS tutta tn eS pie A Se ees eae ia re areca estar wees te a, itandaon by A Menem Renate 9-201; Eogloh eration By 8. Khuda ie cAocngoties a t rn See esFe Bite th aso, 2, 1B Seto and ht one 1B Seenoee atone . BEE pai : ‘BL Iba VTL 266 (ine 8). . + St Cape Bore Diol 1. 1 or Ab gaan i ae Mgt |B Abu Tih at Washeha KIS a aflnaskane Phe Boo othe Richly. Vai fund Ga) of trian Leger FR. on Rl gt 0 bap An‘ igen 40. ad (41 Dh 17 ines 1-1), of ema yo te ‘Sj tn Hal ncaa emoneoay ti et oi ok Seer et HY 3) a i nd 0 1 Jeti 3 8,019 ett mon nnd hth tay peeve tomar ent 7 men pa Aa ear ae Se ee rents ee bho e 31 Refining nce bg 2 TE era the Sue Gale of A aa we nga in 8 he ‘mera ned wo aren care bed 08 eco cach oe otonmer ke mapte et e e SE 2 Bere ym meena rime Koon a ee Me ea chnsadony afte eacang oe Ea aie sa, Bae te oy ee aan Scere ieee EET wane nao Be masini te Se TE Ei sae tmmat ‘74 Toke noes on humm“ the folowing one shouldbe added: Di). ES meme Cee nn sta mete BES esau tt Onis ace Delon, Put & Seckon 5 Ghaper V5 ES pecan peice ing ook BREET 74,190 aon.SECTION ONE THE ORGANISATION OF PROFESSIONAL “. HIGHER LEARNING Proliminary Remarks nat On, hema ft a red fo ep ge ove siten Schr conng ae conitos proper raired ee ‘Senco pi diac lam the ceo Se tet Sermon we metho of ra snd ole ‘this ce ese on ee Sati eu outed) bana aac sents Sreenppecin peu (inset sce oa oy TEE Reda totneagr ane tenons (fing he Sco er Gh sed fects empl aera 6 tmemers a hemo lam dae cosy he mater ‘isco sence nh fed ated eae so hve [itichesytenenute etna tthe naesjrconnand (0) vocal non emp faa thea ong ‘Mecepuy cst eran wey bes) at ‘andtincosarer chat ange meer ie mda ample etre perenne moore (odd Sfettnon wilt an te a eon Horner mah gl gl ome wire ptr inchs iam ne gusset emery ger ‘Snngin te Cra esther snd clans ‘Swain cand sn puna dprancreest onan ome oreo) Sng gis @) agus iti ne Cran West en) he pg ot ‘Gives meat en ein maodeaupusis int fe rte ene tech ft, nan end oy Tes nn nna ee ee of nes op fad sane he pect e ie pow rre The gl gad eae Fomthe andl he ult alge he matte emai Soa il tee nah rope aya gir Lag I a —— : a — seg q vase —_ a Eo od = is ae Shee eeeeee Lt matt —_ or bis — ise = = ‘xing practice of spun (mans, raed he oe fa ay the induction af the scene of oa (Salt calle, by Tha "Agi the ‘met f dum an ir nthe Can Wee chai setodand ie prfeonal ence each, ule at deepen {he orginal hat ence (he a} s cence to raat Prophece Ta tins (ich emsined the Bene for hat), ox Heece fa ad sue legal opinions (gaa aad et omnes enisel fr the feachingo i “The legal ul schol method of eal tie that wich din sgh scolatclsnfom humana, rwet hima athe Latin Wes That eninedschlastcon’ as ter of dria, orn movement that had already ten its nest das y clang the ter, human ws doling {uth asa nec onement, fom one conudered eb chon Poland, and huypcing, when fn fat the method ofthe sole ‘ovement heyday ws tly denise approach, atthe pilwepher ‘Ate Nort Whitehead ta potted ot. The fe of coke he Cian Lain Wet a is xg clan! amt at appesanc n oe Chan Wen he ‘dmaoipe colo and ara cure oa) yal ‘Goua Tucan, rhe overs mh he he ean of the Mara Naa Baghdad by Ne ue the re Ab Ia ibis The che meee origin i ce ey 121 onda schol ovement he shale esi, apeed $50 tential shane he Unni of ee see ‘t oroAngAION OF RO!SHONAL HR EARNING ® ‘eolog ws ot tught ul the furicenth centy, to centre afr ‘he Unies foundation Te Schoo Taw of Inert vas us unica fomied cnnable tat fundaon, hat of Bologna developed ino 2 [corporate guild. ‘The oniy gui iuitaion in Barope at hare te ‘tained ohn wncorporated a i he gud college of asm, ce ‘Be Landon Inne af Cure “The dfn ofthe erm sola gen in Websters New Tit {erate Dita, tee modern scholar’ lack ef kowedge ‘ofthe movements orgie The motraton fr hese of the gulf ‘igh lenvning and i nntions espe the iene o teach, ed he Setecedens, canbe fund nly in Baga rationals movement ‘Websters deinen of soba is flav" poxopica mene vhent dominant in Wein Christan cloaion Som the Corlingan pid in he th entry ul tere of Crean te heey [Revntl the wlth ener te movement apes inthe Wes ot fly declopet wl tat cena ey rxehing fe heghe i the ‘hineenh lena nohing od wit philoso pilnopical eelogy ihre freer and woot phlesops ni aried Inline onpaied sacar ftsonaled higher earn, the attests (outline), Ratna reliance, ‘were instaoraly exceed, eft nt the od, te pb Shon of wich was prohibited by tre Qadi Gree, ea banned fom the unica of he gu coleger ike were hase om the nan es fio he charters (ag) hea of eh wasn he has ote “Tadisonaaejrkconsls, athe consson of whieh requed 20 sanction rom the powering power To cae in fom the othe hale ‘holglane had toon te Tradonaotorganiaon of igher leaning, tjet tothe lel guile rules and reglssons. Ratha eas (need oud de paleo roy Klara is paren had aendy at tong hisny of eensee, dating fom the secon cent (eighth ety aging with Sha, adios champion. he ‘Entry of bmi censure wa further enforced bythe Qui Cr ‘Una a laltmcologiny, 9 math he Trading re ‘uc, the Rata bdo recone than to Joln the Tredioetin t [conus There wera ssbgpe ong on win Ub Hana and Shall Tegal pul ctlng i he rlaantsctommodaton ofthe Mas {Ee Hana gd a ofthe Ashu i the Shall, The Hana gull ‘hctided all Ronis fom membership. Once securely exablshed in She opel guild sauctre, Marea nd fabian coménsod thei foro tench nim ng as oan Hors thee dies taught i the legal {pl colleges he sence of Popes Trasitons (dod) the a of he Sermon (oe and the methodsogy ofthe a aha)10 Tu éuin OF LAW. 1, Transformation of Law Madhhab into Legal Guild The pevod beoeensiMa'min’> Mibng In che nigh cea ib uf secs nthe eet, nce the pe ats patel tg soi ering on eng ena Son twat pied by the ecw orp ale the ey oe Pb Mar Iwas dct by ined coat te eile ncn efor the Mtn mine the Rana Meelis ete goreing power. The contonYermech the opps ecard Jutaieonal authori determine oho, The Hadsials soe ‘easel mean ee ng pa i Broce of determining“oyhotoy. to tit chy they comme he Iaido nea gta, ‘hare Stages in the Development ofthe Law Madlbhaby ‘The gut of lw which aoe, sate, fom dh! mata oft, ent troup thre sages of develop The bare een pnd oa by jth Scinche he mydiagcoprapic” scat of ke aol te ‘math persoaa scp af aw The wads of grea an of aed Femsined nthe 'geogrphica pase: grammariny tnd taste ‘eine at elnging wo the mate bf Basa of Kae ot Dag ng in mle of mld 2 ag pa teaching In comtast w the geigrphialipldenied adie oe ‘nw gan ob ened byte tae of leading juts fo a, pl, be Hana, Mat 17/95), Sa' Ab Ha an theo, ‘ng mers hss why cha deg he prema hon ote ‘The bind sage of development to the maha gel ef ko yh sen nthe eration of anew ope of fatoatogrpi a "Whe! We of Snricomul, the ste af which, in my opinion sgt dhe re oe ‘odio of ea ap gd. Toe eon f be mabye so fin de d vanebem The creation ofa angle grouping, aling al uracorg ihn one organisation, would maker un slowing the Tsoctine ‘clo rants pains te tera A ng le gd woud te ee ‘fect rotng the Ral os othe Traian Ts uous of te Mia at ben Hana in lam, and meses ce Kona Mies movemen. Although Musa eae 38° 247/947-B0),the four caps fe Min had reversed igs Polly in four ofthe Treo the ter could hae nase Sguteg poh wb tayo art he skies ofa teat Bene tres tue pis tad eb nap tee PADDR es oh Saline aspera, seer ac cata ias ening cise rein a " 1 7" Motivation for Tabagat Biography eer nests ncded nt ely cleo hd Sed ICS treat ur atm ema WS cts 2 sapere casio Arabi, whic the Sao (SRST SSetar et cen ee [apesedl pet ctontprrester eget) See eee eaaptare anew areemiges ote cer erat Sac sare pe ioe Se meats te eh age er Sen ee 1 Change the Arrangement ofthe Tabagat Tesi ciclo der the be shot nin he eof trnminion of lel Enowedge, be the pore f the Bograpees thi eto wo pls aed the Pree When Tries so lnge engaged 2 sug ts Raoaln for mpremacy, he Truneemeat of he Sogrphial soar ar ebaed nto amore come itn iphaeialequetes ef nen secre ser Treo Tt become ideas geen of hada, 0 the exon (Wallfomgot asian. Te ange iuered tie em 3 ergsog ‘Textonfen oa Tadbonsie wmphant The bogrepie! noce {ecame more elaborate ped b ep x event uncon: ‘Sovedtogethe whole petipee an craton scumTabaqat and th Law Mada as Lago Guild he et etc nun hr fe pr sional gal guilt their develope shed ight on wpe at sige these of theo lia ‘The fr know byeereof rico is that of ce Manta Aba Ba ha! 319989), en {Sc Tag aha Tn antl (Cae ote Fallos of in Hata). No ‘ch wonky previous oa Kala’ known toh ate digest oe sieht amc) 9 not atl and his Fell ths represen she et ten medal pd of fav. a gull charac ya bon ofl strong trenton ad ‘etten them and the chrinna ae chove hel paton sn’ owe mame sented, at well anes gu Th beet of ‘ep teas that between he Prophet nd hs elo or Compan, ‘Athi age = he tar ofthe cena rr he hint othe fourth gu gi enabled underhename a throes ‘theo ofthe lnquiston song seq the inn ef he pt ‘endr oral Traonls ti he persona sco? adhe ag under te banner of charms campron of Ta sontan, Noe tet She ie of Kha’ Tabgt specie Claes of the Fels oon eal, not‘ of Hanan aiean contrat he sao ‘ofthe Hana and Sha’ Inga guia Sowloped er, were ord ‘ned bythe ajecines ‘tak! and ‘Stal rapecvcy ete flor of Aba Han’ o the aller Shafi the sgn rane woh the whole Known hisovograpy of Shan Hea og Such 2 cesgnation ea spurenty ore wep to he Raton ‘embers ft or pu The exc fet of juriontt et ata is thay fo ADs of snd (381/063), ented Saas af Tel man jor ov Seb no atm a lor" Book of hanes Regarding Those Who Transit hath on the Auosty of Maik and uf The Seocnors Along the Tanager of te Giese Jame are te oni vo worst tention the sane os ee of {heveneratd Foretery the Sal. Tere ar nono aaptrs oe ‘heer no pls that ake seo the name ofA Hans Sa ‘The Hana and Mall pds ha in conn thee asl ng Tea (One Lagal Guild Icusive of Al Traditions “Two events dating om Kha pevod, pinto the origi inten of cabshing a uingle lea galt. Te Gece whe Sat elec ose Katnalim, and ecard intel felloner of Akad Ton Hossa Re {Bathe di not deca Mina anal at flower fy Hana ‘A “Taam aA (824/299) wanted to devia the Monger fc oncamsyr0N oF ROFPSONN AUCER LEAKING 8 np st ain, i oe pais Koererire Sep tact Sede ie errcetr nace iceahain an a Seng Reescdaencaateth re al Soe ty radar oe ee Se ct enti ie Panache ore pe erererrep erect feet escheat geese eee Ea ngs qin ey maar aoa lst takes oe ee aa cantata su te per eat a ee ee Fis te Mat ete ins ter ait ite eg nc Peak ied cha een eri see et ent acne tal eons Meat iments eee ug a aie in aaa Tend ncaa hs che hi har ceca Sipe eee conc “een ten veut tigen ata SECA ON a iti none tastoneo x ng AND sewotarioat imsetfunder the anne ffi Hana. Delt himsefa lowe ofthe ‘arama Traonalt hero, he ware tw prolate on romate ‘a hides detect om Raonalen ao embrace Fattnaan, Taba Bigrapy end he Rise of Maile ails Resides the boty betveen Racalcn and Tainan, ase ‘sig pace wine es of fica nthe poe be Se ontpores, Aaa Tat nda Iu oneness ermine cry ute inti be anc thes ol un wine membet lued smo freee Gt Rana ben Tatas apart emmy Rea Tee stab vecopses sg hat oral rere Shots wh ha etna fr Troan he eae tere wt On te or had, itera xoem ceteee toate element nthe lw ere devind for exineoe ee “Bhi we ted ohtheyend he coenh cng ape The Harb ig guint xc) Teas een ‘hp sentation deseo este Rabnaisoa sms gl ai te ry Ani aed melt os Hada te eal pe the ong anno ing ae sul red his mate pa retain Spc ses ‘Howe th ong elem of xy in eed tance a th bese the gua hn Haba nd ao Ma seas Pale ‘sry tr, there emerged to oe lsh Sas a te Fa Ther exience fit ema ihe hgh er ater and er ae evn tough beh’ Wh of te epa galn mice prose In The tatayncs oe Hanah meal he ogee oe ok {ine ie the tater of Kal fore Hal a ick Serer isn aug iinet gale ‘Salas and Treiuoas ore hog genre of Maso ‘essentially a Traditionalist genze. ® Peoienas of Traitonatiom To understand fon ‘Aaland his nes, one must go tack to the Bet Acar ofthe eeventh cena, when he eg hetwcen the tet of Radonaln and Trion bgt ito fc he les ot Calph abut andthe Quan Cred. The srugae wa lon os Bei igi he yeas around the tr ofthe eghthsind century tn sage It betame cette en the forenet Tadinclst gure Sha ‘ralidnatian, the fundamental religous venation las was coned Dy he ior eens which occurred Bemeeh te conta of Sal he ehh and that fbn Ah he Seen sane dat eg tin nh le suppor ise on the Rationalists. But even in the heyday of Rationalism, wna came Smguenoscem epee ikxmretsiciemtyarasthieenenstaiesen Berge iepeg ethane Be teee menarche Tilsen lat oa as srret ahvamtetnet ete Seer eet ee og i See estes seins aa Ceeeae acacia: scrote amc iene pes Panic eee ocr tear aa te ecttn hc energy sa nines See rene er Remy senso Sfp orem meneee Sine coma ta tees nares oat oes Se a owigaeomree ts ae Harp Accson be eps Sener osc afc dees Sones eee Fe cramne rw ern tn a ea ot tocarntmen sca acmecn eres Sesion anmenraamtreesiogerienas Tetcperenectad mnarertaeet Sarees FRnUgh Gece Seana Sone 2, Scholastcism and Orthodoxy ail such » proeona natn score Af Righer Zaring ad ‘ey Mi ican ne ‘he mater yures ofthe hs elon co ue 3 otto aan ‘Plctng i With the pronation thi practice wa no anger oie ie mia aoa a at fons {egal gud cog, afer hosing socal dened sees of ese fn esto cspatons and who had been granted the cence otal Few and sell opin ol et mis nei ‘neve dcr highly sine postion, Walout ch wai {ap rf could noc hope woceuly 0 elend ie lege opinont,aginst al objections, the arena of diapustion, where he woud net ‘per opponents Tha, forthe int tne hk he tence (cl Titi doy had have a eence, doers thorn Bio tach = ‘ot oaly the wadens fa pul college, tt the lpn sng Bs pinion on mater of daly ie bse es aw which cnee al epee ‘ie, cand velo s Theta (ngtson) Rad eve the ener of Traonalam, tx Rona, and the goreting eee sper The new legal ‘ld sje, one prevent the reereno the Mibaaexperene, Frovidedsuionomy visas the goverung power, ad enced Sonopoly vsti the Ravonase At the ete ofthe conf beter the tw capa was he need determine reli orthodny. Ort sa determined by he comenas of the Conti of bere afer ‘ented bythe eigiousstllesaas, Tractor, on the ove hes iat improve the alien ofthe radonalparpant inte proce fees and on the other enchide Raina om par Fat at proce, Only mer he tlt lg gu tes proces ofcomensa ich determined antodeny. UL. THE WADIE AND THE GUILD COLLEGE ‘CURRICULUM ‘The cove of the cures for leg sie ws 3 logs science, the tlemeste of which Stal bad rong together in hs Ried By the leven centy this egal scence a bomen a wl af (he Foot of aw. Stal had ote ie aa mean for Tren terre at a ano o Kali the elogy of Hanan Inthe ew Organon o ihe earsing wala constituted te tal of ene rogramsne orate ep ines tho pie ay), the scot dergradiaeogali 1. Original Scholarship and Leaming Origa sharp i am exited before prosionl higher leasing Te al opinion (ft) bal to be aed he indian scholarship (jana ofthe orcs who was bound fo praca Bn rena the Steed Scpaien, riding the seule titan {ged ther Furieonmlt pace ignately eat of yen lone” Sch ya a ‘ready the ct lyin at The reat scaled Seren urinal ed Brovhd te en ofthe frst centey of ila and the boing of the se Od tong etre the roesionlton of higher Ising Tsim te legal soars ofthe ds of aw that nA a bie iow gsm, Moe uaa te no ual ie tes in hi boon legal methodaogy, the Wadi, a be nas of tthich gen i hee page: or gor the great araconsi [jad cons fn giving one all meuare of efor a eestarching the te yes of io sy td end tna Hngunge' ac eaning any atin whieh there asst, aad "ecical {She soich forthe th by he method tat ess to ogee wih “ntriog te harship thie a wo wo Kinds oe we eds fovea krcegey the ober, on9 ts predominant opinion (a) Tad uncon of rsconml oped fo ol uncon of snc: Toi shave poe on elmbere™ Base erent eng ening to wether appt to lenox jhonse When pr {Set byprecon meansserde aon, the Und fllotng af tes jrsconls opin, rier a one own reac fo cover there, Tap eels the scons who practi tthe ‘tego aca, a ach, they can 0 Jgerleginstcy price “feproveof consensus ce iy can nolanger be coesdred author {hc yursconsa howe opinions ned be ken int consideration he ‘Shatin of somes, Another mporant meaning ty ppsicale tothe layman, derived fen te wor eaningy, namely, ne | (pte ary he goin a ren recon ‘lt (ld) that opinion wth sur, untl sich dines hey [ted qucton reste the conse fe juieons wich i The higher uri, On tsb etodony in nea a ome of two ltt the lal ena before tan anclonel byte nano com ‘cons Gat) ofthe thon jrveonaln, a te jaa sanctioned Uh. The freon soho ow tg frites ne process ‘sf eomenss, On the ote handy tay belongs tothe aan, who, by fractnngit mess wih ur the fatstopion chosen om aro the conflicting fataopiniane ofa Ue jutsconsas he as sted ot fone and the same quenion oth lays ad areoneat nthe exercie liver repens fanetons ata ee, autonomous ida These ‘he tendon the edn ofthe mao pro foa a he ee dam ‘hance to choove on rom aong others sre sen to the roe ‘af determining orto hare ar, bower, nesta ‘Ai pola ow, regarding which 2 layman yon praca tog enter of th where both tyme 2b religious incectls sre considered onan ep fon. These ons the eb (I) tat Codex (2) that He 8 One here being no oer fev (3) that He hav ttn vie He Hel has made bow; (0) {Macile em prophos io muahnds an (8) that hr meager eveAout the mater heroine dpe quenins they me ais ‘orthodox faith. a eae Theo ge rond toed yeh men freon smcaning regu eects, ng prt ed, te ‘Sich ie sciprsanrcy flow te Spon of men he ce ‘Scene fue (he alg pang ee mon, "Sh cn le Sie Fa ed tine of oper hg a te cen fd Mates Scar so pence and elnce on reno a mach suthoty, otc the on ttc econ of he ber Anadin Hana Iie bo empl faving si Inhiscrop, abi i exis ee meio iting snc ‘he pst Bar of analy imag he pes throne dent oppose Ime Bot fy fin “Al dvs is Tacoma coneesspora. tes you ae isting to gre th hi ie Bnd matin, ad be {Gautheeape Defoe us and alder, Thy homeve aaivion, ‘om you co fra bs doctrine, thoy yo do ou Fealse on in Aeon collages fol the pit ofa reaching nettles opis he on pene do ‘hom esl agreed wih oes oo cine belo im: Po aac ‘Ber cris erating e doped th op o fad eng Be itherstarensdcsed poo’ preference vn oe on eat An ate oe orgy Gdes Cig Leg cht ‘most etamine te eg den of own tne re fn ocr tpn a he ct fm ag yw em be ding win he Ancet themhes die Anson Fath and the iting insane ts contied one aoe and en th ‘hs when they weed wh pow evdece hen bs Agios Sout he Prope dion that how prtrence a te che Fico te nee ope cine {Fom among thom the iypaea tthe slr od eed the ‘isour® Ba Halwa nog the fe nde dno race the teh ot pen moe (DD ie tpn ibe» nt me ‘scolar of toga ethology alah Toate ny tt Aitdpine am saten incumbent tp he eeconnia a rs the scoonitinconceed anda oan Gone) onal oc other sna ogy the pir Kari a log eee Concentration oie pice a i) 2. Ibn ‘Ags Wadih and the Law Curriculum ‘The Wadi: A Suninia on UsO ab Figh "The nib aI“ foremont cone wo the achblac movement {casi lao the ange owe ndamenta we of et mone In vespons to he foques of bi gradatenbden To Agi wrote the Msi for vw ci enon (}) sho tent the clear ters the ‘tiaon beoecn fen and ree: and (2) to wai th ie tnethod of daputaion (ington), ix te shalt meted, te tate arp of which to ead wo the conenss of json wih Seechaine orem Fi ‘The Wadi: Antiot fo Kalam-Works tho ‘Aa press is Wah work on wa af which depars fom those writen by alieolopans ote se ier che uges s ‘Sse, xn ffl complexe As Sal before him had stead Ib ast bean ano fo Maa Aaland Mad ese Intention or ve Wah agins th lef Woh Mane ad Aaa, Seva forsaking agh uborinate pat of tal The er ‘She beucen Shalt and Alisha thea takes explicit fl eh noduton, wher th foes lets Serpe pe ort “The Wadi '¢ ou Boos and the Law Curcutum, tn the loin othe Wii Ha "Aino the reader ha he kas ‘wae on gr nerd on af aig belo te present one: one On ‘odd (he idea shee ving the consents W ke json), ‘ene om Bh (the qeslonr tla cgpate among Dern)-The Was ‘dace, naling four complete books in on! (1) ib al Madi (2) Stadt ta (©) Ki fa fuga ane (2) Ha oO, Madi opal erence cnotrn the base pets egading the rater utes of pone lv agreed wpa inthe ll we hate [uned the adherence of the thor arbconsl In niin to Retiabteplecence, the Was rt book contain sore of Tb Aas ‘Si enon tal son a abn te reonip betes “nll Gites neal och bye doctor at at ui imsat in he dence of hi lg open, and saved at rough tha, it inure Wai scond and ed books are on dale (Ge Hh fated la net spate to any Sedo noted th ‘Gin opciy minds and Hah flat ol fia x dstecbe splice” a Aq atm sonora rut the Bel ofa. This part ofthe rconstning aso fale him to engage dapwaon nth jeans tained info = ella with Traciuonalicjusconsln ha ‘Agen fea ie Ws our bok as Max ayo a Mat of ity desl with egal ‘opinion sla dpe, which the rico mat now a eo is Sn patna oxy vw be deme o ‘Thus che Wadi represents the complete college curriculum of legal sts aig he de fa he jr eee fe ouble fain of eching the landing loa pila H eves the te majo fede tad int mpl ogreph ote on fr nl na hogar hewn ht the grapes had coped is rofesional taining as ajartconsult Yaga (mada nese Gaia a spied questo (ei mae Alay) tne ciples of shakin, whieh ete of cous, the mater sores hel the Quran snd fad. The ance of loa sey in te lege ‘rear, were soa fe deine of haan, The Magister of he rcnsle-Tigian Aeris ncn, hea in te meg aig thal ith oer shoes Bsa angen a cence cae he dows ting te nr rn ye) ae paren enh ene to eon wit cpa eet Ketan wom ene story emi ertctoy Paag theres icles ama esses cn Gy) ‘ny tclpor een i he Saaigtoanee far eng the emit aera Mere $2 /la mtr Tak, pins a his pace a ae on tting hate ne ge el es ‘gen tary nag rm has" tdi ur treo deta ele qari a there km ae at sch eet aap Te eee sores fhe or eel sie eee mit cs ‘fom oth te nga gi we dred hoe Soe ee Gira Saene pre ne aa ope ang ope ‘mln Capon penal pen ot contnance cst of nn (Saab es ke pre thong oh win psc ect knonte seca echt soe te na a wr ple na meine oeapy shi ef at eel oa Uwe a tn pec he pt on lw sae Se, ‘hh frat! el ul fa wich coe he oe Stren vt nan), han eee sh re ee (aha), cient (a ens (a, speci (a) and 0, af nt ‘Sit iden bye name oa case hy, oc, ck owe Teoge of the logal uaintons alah assay) wor are the Sipe este wl fi Crocs oe een of tan gi he wih ty wo in (1) aac jr hey wl te on lg {cel oom dese demo of hr roy AL poinin the tex. bebe there le somesing wou de to py apa appear ome abate rest oa Soto Tred egatmen of wail nunnlredin took on fh thigh [hist on thom aed only rele to ham (othe ee ‘rncpl), ss al the more naan to deal wth aad ‘edhe Jie sn Uy of onthe Ma el er orate im af bce the ate remot related ther pd dee sige perp 6 bok (no oi] oi ped Sis Ahmet Mapucrps Top Kap Saray (tan, designate 1 he eee gin the eon o amid tly oe oor al as ‘aul ve wren aa distance Bom se preceding them, wich po haps an dedeation thatthe coy af he mann ns daub abet the rope place for dose wore Cough he could pe hk how the text foul be ean, Fo nse he text col be fen ello (anak IShow ts translated nthe bore paragraph Fetnnahe ih a yor on tudinal fh ttl Yh, a's bee gh manga al daa ‘Resa sa Bite ys da a ul ‘fg la etapa ha, some an yi‘ fon lofi Tale “ou nom caine the tanaon of te pasage [ena een naa te ene te | ine RE RE Af the render of there chapesin wp ajigh ows blob as { koxoughhnenide ofthe sbjec and wl dere no bene fom | hem On the ees han he doc no ow lam ideneanding the abject be ical or i, even i dco cea for bi His anayance and station wl be reat, for he wl ae gen Mie tendons spent i neo, someting hard for hit de tad andwich dow ot hep histo each goal wuld there Fee be preeabl toot tes chapers rom wag" nis oa Base 8 condemning late far fom one can een sentethathe the sence shove lait or reserved or schol reo higheestsnments To oy mind, Bae snp wes o show is ‘amc flan npr laa by song them tat aw en of oe ‘iecesthe law eolgecericalum, bm need fr tale sports $e Seta pe. Te argo uy mperi t Bans theft known sparton of theo sciences ya Raina, eres cmmicaton by Ab aia ae Abd ab a Baghdad ‘The fous S's rebiginchoar, "Am al ud al Marta, Maral of| the tate ob, conemporay of aBas hey both id dae Year), nose opin ini Dhar For him ao wah an Tedependest dpi, een ii ees onthe ba of principles ‘rawr fom apa oné were wo ice anything of wl aan oe trout hae to ocd te we of Murad wa advocating cb “The Spent Zant Tradonal, Tin Harm (4 54/1060, cis “rt of oe, and Fg on heeigeap. sowing whch octines arco preter, guided hyde Tap He then tater hat he composed swore al alike the Item wath order wo mabe dear the dine wil egnding man's gator omar Gad and tars Nis Felony uid bythe proc adsrate’ nthe Tap awe ade thi book “a complete collection of the le cegding which the Jeanie naan hve difere, pong the etn encoxpasing all sectons c'Thus bn Ils ses the net or lg I coir ea ‘Spare dsipline; nde aod mising alah th ay ther ich. Pine" Toye epee ‘A sag ath Shira Shal'Taonal, wrotea mal bookon wid fi ema’ si igh, which ame afer his book on the ig Suetions, Taber f Thiam bth of these he opposes the ale ‘Ecologia ncating the Aa imam ailraain hin, Sha Aa, Ras already Bees me sone repuding tne rey biel eaten fw efighin isa under {he ile lamb Inf ws aay ‘st Pm He votes tat thery ra ai am senocamicst ‘mustang nae the abit of ening thi aubectin wal aa) tral ‘holy wheres i belongs tothe province ofthe jurisconsatisvery “kely that this remark dates fom Juris ater Tradonalstinspred Pio hat of he Raley "The Hal Taional ada, in his Kol Un vides rls ous knoe into tn dpine, in aoa a (The Slence [€God's Uni and I Atuibtn) and im ahha Fab (Te sence ofthe Revs Lavan the Legal Quasi). Ual ad in sd Ul afi especie, mes the folowing watemen’ “The proper yt deal wth hermes cling othe Rookad the Sanna and the Communiy, which was flowed by the Prophet's ‘Canpanions an Sarcenor anda ye opty Mite road {olloned by our ter aad Foretathert {mean AB Hat Ab ‘isl Mumma fat Saianl 189/08), and he generality Tes ey ear ht Bandi maken a dinction between wl anand talalhohich tere rear tthe reliios sources, ur an, Sta, Band consents, diney removing them fom any tendency omer Marton’ Note hatitwar he nal legal guild which ccommosted the Main is ans Bara oes onto Men the second mame science at being tha of aur which i gh, coming the olde of te ar, mary of Ue exp teeter wth teen. tended meaning grasp ofthe rots apd branches of he a, td prac Spplston ofthe Krowtge so tat bnowlege hl (i) doer ot [eteme the abject pursed, dewid oft appinn (‘ul The de! ‘of Toaonal a ws he pring elo) nec ‘Aba ‘Mra ar Suan Shall Tradiona, who bed ced ‘hom the Hana pls cite he ming al ith alo i {his ok on the later ience, (mat eae (Conclave Prod ‘Conca Ergenc’), ile whi Jain uud for hiebook oa Samar begins by poling et tat law the mest portant snd mee ‘obi of the scencen, bene eal wth ten ever changing ves nd eomequenty thre i no limit oor way of encompasing the howe Tedge of tc tne wo be ape to ese eve However, teaogy iste ‘ence of the fandamentl principe rearing stot obetience 0 Got “im abel and han. aman onan bance ‘Soruh tna noble cence in il, fring dhe bial pin plerinretpion, andthe fundaon ofall the row ences est Fes saence how struct ined bec of theft nate of Ieaubject ter Thins Ene t that which Cod sree to cy. which nothing can be ded or ken aay On the het Ind tev nam going cence contsing with the pang of cen ‘rie, and changing slong wih the rumeances tad consis of then etout ea or nerupion, Inde, Cod pried the lea ‘choischip had) o the arbconal, oa te ple ote ane Inapiraton ofthe tne of he Prophets When that ime posed, Cod ‘Bae lepel clap he pace of he Prophet naan, tovhats ceon of G's ae wou ee fom {eis lear that Soman considers lal scoliip a Fling a ole succeeding thao the Prope Muhammad, Sel othe Prophet fone ‘halon asa deo das wth works on ul fa plnting ou cht ‘ich worsahould be weated independent ble "have no cise throughout ye sy he ors ofoleaguee {nd hers nth sue {mood that tat of them have cn ‘hung deeply ina tathemes Tneced atone af tem ig ep, ‘nase, and bended, but be deve, flowing the method of he ay hey are complete ignorant of ths acence.” ‘Chua, he Muay onal af flo inte oases of Tn ‘aren repaing te oe of lle for a afi ute makes a book 00 Inge pat of hisbooken ih the Mutya He penton at works Calf ace alo rey nde wih 0 rch fo ha oF ram, depending on the spec interes of ke autho, Adareing the {ng (ode cencea)iisneertelos not our opinion hate should keep “histor lee tom admire because being weaned om what a ‘broke, and minds ar a ore the nar” Gaza then po eres ok ong narra hese not parelry belong the ene ful afghan ming ese ‘hac tho among ther who donot wish ote down the prlagrmeso ‘may gin the book fom theft gh or hai the bioning ef wat ‘ater To ‘ln dsingushing the halbmthcologian or the ueconel, initenton exchadng tne forte en soon tee who hae te ear ‘e dtanine orthodony. Hevea cnt wade) oases en, sean pe eps an ‘Soran cette ic ade oe ea oe ne TOAST iu aus Sa soca nor oecuneate sce te notes ih a rusts soningeny oth werdth nen ae ‘ims ol atmo nutes Hn aoe ae oe orhcnndsoon “Tat tal ado pen hat ema afin wt jae aendy seer ws te ag of hte yop ome ‘fiber omteny fon chowe tha ews ony wie itv gcreray to hin van ceed conta ong ‘Shay in mmc sips tno The enihind were nox bomees Crainabee stata or te rs hacen wed ty Trained ‘Scoala othe wcd ony by comets ier ndings ene oan ced op, wh coe ‘Ses neceuy ava popadeaeto wel ah i adopng wp aii mi orto Sly, Traonsen wae opting fr beletnsaton edo bth fh errs ad tere Santo ceedfar wrk ere would hee benno ed oa Bak ‘alah Trnisonke regu nce ar exebnc secs mci knowledge fh quatbsin othe =e aon ‘Ex lige te fcanel tom te mesa and seu pu, ‘ctor afte wo allmer egal, Uae ‘inet easfortah ath an wont Ts theron tug ie iglopiio, wr te wenden uo th deseo ‘Eectodny he pega elawthecogane rere os quid, Sh verehrelore exe om the pce deny oto omnis snd prtioon wich nan Ce ooh Cosel) Srreoterband, the bce ef kaso ne chao Sha sd in sor that a Ag el be een bere that he de Shale ater and Mother Cll igi he Prsogue nbs Wath ess at nyo is ce neh owe ompreneane werk on slab desing he sane je aris ‘sotpenatboks on Hal ua pny dente ped {Getta er bet cosine tobe ened pry an tit ‘Rewer be och cy expo cota ne conde ‘ov of laibmthesoghe on theme ngs cog pre Eom tit med anda yearn he med unc ef mau id eying 09 God wo tum this endear to good account, I coupled eh te reuen scoring to hl wither nd hopes, dng my | mos and geing wo the hea ofthe mater. No one I exer ap ef in Cod with respect that which es Beyond he reach of i ewrour, boceching Hisbelpto adie the objec thru he (gt of right gutdanes and meen, and por his traf the Tras eatetene, Those who hve stoi fr Ux We ll cra guide them o Our pat (Qur9:0)" Stal reportedly held in abhorrence alan the musa ‘Tere ls pobng tore Hatflto te then halen snd procter Ths aad and cruin ren snc the dine ofthat resort ae te hintscentury failure of te lnguistion, the tenvceatury detection of [Avan and he elena conary ec fl Quis the Qua ree Igor esa the oor change of fortne for Tradition, TI IBN ‘AQIL'S THEOLOGY OF THE TWO USCIS 1. Ton ‘Aqil’s Works on Theology {im Rj isthe foremost biographer of Th ‘Al He sho that he under stad the exence of Tb “A's religous Cought when be Begis te Ibe’ iogapby with work on th wo wal tur’ Le odd 2d wl fh Ar enone the Pee, bare en abet fn and ‘tof Thm Ai works on clog, sees four aces i). OF Sao work onthe abject Mi elntad fa addin hve bees able ‘ectner on} ew excerp and ewe tl om his Ki af tar Aa a od, and of he Kast Nhat maid The ext pages of i {nh ge wanes of content which appear o inca he caper om he fanaa ithe Tod of aaa, In the alwence of thee ‘ther works and fom what sane Kad qioted inthe works of Iter twsters Tes Pom nsmaje wor, oN that we hae hs Base eso Ualadetn artconcers wal afgh The Funan har many pamage den thal bain aswel ah lh indcng bis consediteret ‘anwar i 10/111 thre yar bere hi deat 2. The Wadib's Two Usids and Orthodoxy te Wah bn A itnguises bee Ali wad ad wea [gin bio the no wa te two seof rou areal anand al ‘igh both involved wth erthodony The funciona ladda eo sthenicate he material source ofthe la hat of wl a gh so studyForibe“Agi reaton proves the extence of Cd, whet exten author Sates the Queen as Hs word and His word point tothe Propet God's word alone shige, Ogu (ui) eat the rot of eign ‘every core ural which the eam sence oforthede re [elim a est can help to remove dub rom the minds of the fh, tnd defend the Dla eign aga st adversaries at wor plas labia the mind fhe thal nin 9 do eof rot arn fo te ‘reed fon Aas neverthele svar f te iflueice of tah pilemophy Se plosopicalUhesigy on aw In ie Nad, be points ob that the teem natre’ a ft cued among the Naira en wa ken ip bythe hlahclogan ad fom nat ped ont the cen usr wiaitonded mpg an fd i wba Fel for thir aecesion to saan, the reeled a wih, rough the methodology af wal ag males cere obligations Mis hae towards the Creator obeioce to Hs comand aed pot, the (ctene of eigen "The cope in Agi gvesto the ered acral theology fw add Isdiey elated w the eo of wa afi dat he hee Fundamental liv (0) the existence of God the determination ich, tough resin, 1S 'the bass for Use authenliy af the Quran (2) the Suna of the ropes mos eran he ascent of hse son ar ears teed by the Quran an ()theinfalinofthe coer o the ac Community, guaranteed y he PropBets Suns Thm ‘Ag! ceveops hi ‘ought onthe mbjec ta one of te aril tof the Wah wen Geaing with the agsioon of knowledge tough reson snd even Main tis page dates the importance eA ataches wl od din speaiing incon nd detecting scope Ari Epining What May Be Kom ‘Tong Reson to the Halon of Revelation, ‘And What May Be Kaown Through Either. Nowe that al the Lnowabi cligous als attached Yo una ct te died int three categories: Bet, hoe which ay be knew ‘sth may aot be kooen through rea, nay cant be hn {Bergh eins et egy, ih a Ye afta of Hk unc, of Hk neces tbat, of he pro Pes mito andthe cosecabliy of i proceeding ees Ham — Fate be Head wpa hee tings ough rch one ca be known the dine nly and she prophethoos. "Tie indie bythe ct ha even cons smply oF the word cf Cody and what elated om the suory of hn who Thom wo be ls Mncnge wanumiting His Meme, andthe com fey of tna iy the Mesenger nat alin err Buti ‘ner be pone knw tht the stents are Cad otha of i Menger, that the cosets peed fom er, (Go Hime Enown (oxi. For the above sateen are icted on the uta of Gott extence Noetimpoe [Er anyone to ay ayhing aboot God or ls Mesengt ane he ug het God ext jee pombe for sajone to Boom “arts won oe thon of Zi mentee who has no ole of ‘aitconstence Tertore'tinecenry tha the knee [he ‘Sistcce ol Cod and of Hs Mesenger bang thio at “sinner emnron ay, Ta Cod soda get through areprton the aul of Gods steement sn on at {ibs Meenges Te ron for thi Ba we have o reporter Shore vraag know by nee eee ofthe sire ence Thatch report hau nowy tobi knowledge otherhan that walabe to se Nor able tha he verti of ich ‘eposters om the die unity and on propkethood be knows Through the siden of enon becase hs wl ree at rich ‘idence beth throagh which the afirmaton ofthe dine ic {the poptethaod Know especve of te reporters epot Fegurting tors Hiroto mercy bea eatng four enon {Othe but what nesded i grook not merely the eporters word. has therfore been eased that knowledge of the ings ced peony, andofhatctanobe atieved thou. pote Sho haematite he {ape reat Note topo retng information on Go {ici and om prophehood can know he vay of is repre sate igh ning ough 2 me Bi Fe Know hough the ep of another reporer and seer Sr ht gran tes wh wal {bn ‘Ai ving gien what can be Known through vat alone. goes con to gi in the os scone of hi arele, expe f what ah be now heh reves ra ai sonora 1 'Section [One ofthie arc I Ag dele wh he legal qin sions Snow ot teough reason bt en though reve, aa wich hve dec bearing om gation. (See below, Chapter V, 2 where the scons given in anlion) ‘Section [Two The third eatery which maybe known sometimes ‘hroogh eaton, and sometimes thro revelation: cra 47 atonal adgemnt and proposon, the iuorance of which not permisble repeting God's unicip, and she prophetood. For Insance, knowedge ofthe possibly fseing Go wih our ee the mis ofthe forgone of ners other Un the nels Eoondedg ofthe righine of accepting the aio te hath of ‘Single epore the sili of reaoning by aly inte dete feinaton ofthe legal nitions of ac and ther sack ge hich, when the peson obligated to observe the precepts ofthe {eligi kw sora of tem tol ponte or hi apt of Istgnerane of them, o know the exatence of Cod andthe ry ‘ofthe prophet minton of Slenenger. Te forgoing ears Should be tcent reading tise” “Thus cenon forall ks ngorance, incapable alone feng alt atsaceded fr sataton fo bested, mankind acs Gd’ revlon. [Remon and svlacon are both nese We hase ale seen how Tom ‘Al defies the spoce primacy of Yeasn in ofc wo ean the abtene of Gad. the suthontely athe Mophet inn and the fl ‘ay of conser Bar was happens when reason appear o be cont ‘cel by revelation or vice wera Here Tin “Agl ctsorcl ins ‘caraion that "ream i In afeement with revlon and thee ‘nothing in revenon excep a wich age with fen ake ag ‘lotion isha: ena gon VA shr in i Fg IF ‘aon tel sxiptre appear contradit one eter ee the aa ‘ed Tradion i stourd and sould be set aide, or 4 Qu nse verse was 3. Natural Theology and Juridical Theology In championing natural theology ~ ul aa ofa he reiid scope ues Tb Aina oi aa a rong tide of Tran ‘pposiin within and without te coins o hom Hana ul he {aioli epporion psn! hls cnn Ste cero ain (diame alan He novertilet held ie round, and never ered ‘fom séocnng raion tthe ara arin pon fore su sth da of eatin, Widtuta nd tn rte execs of God radon of pporion to oli nay shape or form hin own gui, Iho ‘Al noterthelew moc head a he beginning of his bok on theoly, aladdin CGsance i the Roos of Religion’ From is ostwor tbo Mah (75/1802) preserved precious page ftom ks Inadcton,nwhih ba "Ag spats his id in no Uncera excuse np for cemuringsome of our contemporae for sing “iiemore appropriate ocapy ones with ker an wal be tnd topes one leery thie th een of per ‘thon ganrnt of the proper pace of arated and who dears Tt Mis, sting that Th Agi rota engh this regad doesnot quot the ate etre sateen but he doe te 2 satement of Abad ent wih ite poston hen Ton “Ag We seo hep ‘ur lence ntl we were nfl ward al soe made we of oohere i Min se tat ie fonda work of Qc Abra the Younger (58/118) diterences of opin wid Uv Hanbal legal land va Abad Haale about hat in Muli gos on The sound doctrine of our legal gui is that he aclence of tas ete yt rv perme eg in it Evmpore wets in retain of them. Thee ar hel bythe ‘edn scholry the Qo (Ass Yh and (ABS aee) ai (a sn/a8a) arwelsra group of bers {a Muli adds athe use of air a good work of enc to others as va nee eating sd the tal prayer god works beeing ‘esl alone. He pints ou the Ama. Haabal wrote in refutation a ‘he ese and at the grea Hanal Sa ab Anu a lara (81/ Tost), wed Kalam to seit He cpporens Anwar! Kaleo Boon fe 3 famous workin canoe of aleSECTION THREE, MAIN CURRENTS OF IBN ‘AQIL’S THOUGHT I. THEROOTS OF KNOWLEDGE, For Tbo Ag he root of knoe ae the fie senses, and the ody seasons. Hi Arslan they okie heap oo Paonia, The Tea thooght wich bepnain aga with lt, sds oundin St ‘Auguste (490) and holler he Lain Can Wes eatery {oregon Aan pet Again chovgh, ee Tos Ane (1228-74 we he TA et ot he root of knees coniing thee serses an he sensaons ofthe oc. Ang Cit rou ieee ois pero, 5 Thoms sone vars wh Tn ‘Al aA ‘oven theory of owing. ee not that his contempranes no tht tf hs teacher S Alber che Great 119-128) tht of Roger Ban (12148), nor hatotStBonmsnere (193-70) erode ee (Chris religious inttecsls were sl Plt. The Arson theory of owed offi and t Thomas ot altar thse religous telethon contnon Aone ings they share are the fom. They ine he moe made of respect overs the Fathers or pecan bat hey sje sea ito hai hot hee or an opinon ent om that aft Hana ‘Thomas Aguiar didnot Mest to conect Se Anping; ad tthe {ered frm their predecr avay ith piss rapt They a sare {he idea Wal theaigy sat rel on some othe dao ral ean (Gea exis i cannot ets wt He in They bh bee tat here Fevelaon that hick canbe sine tg rea, beet uch nom lege necenay fr man's san, and not men tena oso to tn er though at of tne or of toning capaci. Tey ss shate the doce of the reconaton of rene as reveaon a is Sima en gi, lca spe of he "aon Derwen eon a ‘ecaton ners thane of ‘Agi Here how he pe that truth whieh the human razon arly edewed to kno xan RE ta the ath fh sha Be pose we thote princes a the on cfc anna, fate stooge bw ahs Tomar ‘Suns ced rom ttf bo ean ee ot {pend oft) andthe ado ud nope remo ‘foe seen be a Gp Ab liber aan the Scr yom {he Hasonn po ov wt ada C0 4/1480) ben cng {im Aa ces ely bt fe ado. Ton ts toutan nur af owed, gen nthe Wai mole by hit Teena Ha mona, ctl oe od ‘Brenly tauren Agent Roonadge eed no we tn ‘cul qi a) cget (alder Cathe co ‘gent aided inc: 6) necemy (lar and) seqaed Cmsh Tnchatthe sess pererco ing scons. St prc as ita win Sak wh se ad bt oud Enovitge no genersed oust theses tony ya SiGettSioeing ic sence of hee ane Tema a0) ftsene hh ns pre he kame Bs rove og tron and iy een, Ti ew revenue om protein the vine oft acon of ace eb toe han Cn Co Se rf reaton inthe exec of he Cet ome tc efhisccnio infant aura ote Quran tan te lagen {iu angage, belived wattle by st The sec of Gos ‘Prophet Asner Uearer of te Opa reso itrente ht ot oul ote ar au The rope mr, guaaes he ‘uta conn ef the Commas s represented by he ee {Shs anesthe fap Tete Sal ‘Sik alisha wbx ppc falen ur he ene Batt rand, hn saa sept, ies a gimp of hor [reir atite noiedgsof ot cxoence eng renon Keowee i ined tho sense peepon, rearing through induction uhongh the cote dn se preps b beng nl edt hewn they dango yon the oes yresionng em he les Gas aeaon, Tis ete quied cuows in Bt The bw ‘Theres oa afkneving ne penta ote oar hh nl phon prot sf the cxcne of God compare to ae Toms Aan” au a ne sonouaricsi TL REASON, 1. Definition Wa gl er, bg cr on ae rea arg aa Feb rene peerpeie st feectemerrsction Mince anctoeevan dene a aera recente careers a einer ies ee pore eee eeemte einer hee SSNSSERSE Set a ante oe Ree Lora eet ute 2 ie thing baju anager enn as “owmin tien oft, on aware te soe esa ot ‘conse en est SEV aes ee 2 Reason, God's Gift a Aa enumerates hee mor gf ong the many bout gits of odo tas" (3) renee (2) the Quran ad 8) Ga Mesenge, the Prophet, Reaton comes Est i the mind of Ten “heh wot fe ‘Speer the ier btn pd re foro ane fetton that mst determine he tue oe Sere Sepscy te ern athe Sn ofthe Pope " notion that reson e Cot it oan i one dati shared by Masti intelectual in general before Tb “Ag Se ba "a eon the purpote of Cae gi or hay ‘eur Reson ihe mest excl git oe ranted nenknd He graciously ‘stone itupon them oe sen oetenc tos eon and ‘onouing Hs comimands and plony so tat grade fa His ‘oun be duly expres and hatte then aed the proce seed manner with felwratres The Bist ut of reson fo odin His commands ad proiiions, and to be in the {Psine: of pope heute jasc Fora nd at oe Sorbuar Ue Lua shed oC no janice oon flow: tn ite an ye ut cannot, Bie an carat anor ear “There isin thissaement anmpation hat aren which asses Ui funciona charac by pian, theese af en 3. Rights of Reason he Ai wis thighs a ann enon a 98 fe ens cnad phereaon egies Sista at cintain tani eso ad er SE fat, toca! coon a, hay fm ety Tal fe es vege pene ongene coe CA aE man an pect (pogo Gaim ror ese tes nti nnd we ao wl eye cp ic ans inept een on oem te ee ORNL tee te pny of venom ner snd and he Tiescomsnntte sho wold ay soe of cmon sige Tee bees uuiniytn nd tn pur of toi oad omer Bera ws ftom eda ama ede meme tae teaensy anon Suef pe Thvhiconcen or fas ged ti flow Tron vat tage mae den wand ot empn sa te pe eet fie tana Nore somehng nem cn be weston Colca tab be pos Make henge Shyu se Gln sge ine Pst png oreo Mohan helo olan bean eno cog the iporancs of Gof ceton re fore pets itt he uo hapa aid sbos bis rate (Sthconent oes and dlgence Bat ace tate mao stone depied remem cgi For acancotogethey Bicrament tn poy and np. be yeas fhe Youu” Inn‘Agenno tine booing oe te pat he pretest eye ra Crea nw ay a ancl Fok, ern fab atthe rece aw pr inchs arnge dhe eagle re ofa ning [ESScmans ne thencue sad on ho ints of Ca cia ake maroge lope cen won anon lean eh the eg tm ttc er thee iy ay ad ers HSB Geib other nnd eee cs eno wo ge ren 2 (tatinforseingesionnen tide std tgeweand cen etdi teem pu en nas coe. eee ma ‘erin alent resection, and plays and eh wes chive song ‘ideal eriounes inthe pracy af his home| 4. Intoxication and Reason Ibe wit the non of reason she 20 the mpreme gi of God, and there fee wth roi Tn ‘i cones ionic greta cha he rant second aly othe geste si fal st the paar at “ani ascing te gsr wth God te comic on ee, who considered the ranking enraed he expand ely a the sate of nection tought om by cern Sak proces 1 ett ‘motons cased by msi sing ad ene danny Iie Sufi ewcforehand ater presence those places i SiS ce erence ap oy go {ether forthe vidace of ach paces ocean hes, Sch ete casei hey are mutha clam hat cys oe ne by ener jb ty, the te hve bce pond Whe of sound mind neither they aren fee em k= Ths tplice ones the occasion fn iste, and shoal hte ‘ere toned nxicaton eames an oe the torre oe therefore acest the articles of fh fo cape, that Gol exe tat es One soe a hci ne cele fs cna Ir nother page agin the he coniered Be sha Sf “Aa nts tative in demands epi dgnfeadeporense ‘not dissolute behaviour, Sham Sufis who str up the emotions should be sebed. An ang judge, or je enraped th mas seme fom hs pos. Renan the eens the omaonn. When te cone seid pate ne msrp pn mien ter = Tie "Ag wos alo agua the eft produces ted pon i scrmons ‘Be not decd ty the tig up of ema wad ene byes ad melon voles Has terre lw fran the oon efor anyother reason tha hs gut whieh lena onde isening wo the pao ofthe Gran or te pu ‘rowing tbe pasion = Puumoa” of paper ot 5, Functions of Reason Bele obeence to God commnds nd protons, bce jue to create, before the waldance ofthe eecsons often hag the primera eo of png pt fir she extn of We Cee tg ite esege tases ke SEL Mag tl te unt dat crac rat Geet Stag a lad ins pg ft on es sks engi el om ieee se er rian cya Tnins ae Serge flied Game come ee re katna rch Te nang whee {ie Hin (Que jane There enone ent i (Qu. se eee hain ltl of eaptocea In Toe At atin theologians wb press that salvation consists send cata Gt lc erase a Ao sta nt emt eh ae a cpp inp in etc oan afore Taber the contonersy between he tw camps Sor ngs neha eon ati tring She tas ws hed hgh ie can ot ge ee nolo one taped liming owe TPT ad el Lame osha es tae chute adept kee Aa along vith Ab a, Al Hayat si ii nd abet bance eee aa SSE Acyl xaniaionncnda ave she om ‘ss mi hee se nh ae a TOISAS Moppetne tebe sere eee ote ac iy tou waar ang ty ain way” We are en Sa ene oan rer nce te SEEING Ot cipens ae th eng Gods een icin al be ase, om tan at ov See crude depots mnt Rene heap Reick rene nch mle oe 6. Three Categories of Men Regarding Reason tbe aves men nto te categories wi eect othe aide How greatisthe diy ofan condoms! Some metphscars Sy pip ia ones iene ty piven: Thos they bie anne the lw of God and comeaned [lomecres th he dcnter of tes (unalded) reason, andthe di pve of rar ners On the other and, some ineigent peopleJsdgement om mater of wordy concer, regarding which here 0 fron inthe reve la Aad al te soe com ‘ape peopte who hive aed the la of Go i eres to Asiver themes oot est and respon, and be {sulle eso wl Towle. fn arene ‘bencen on tc on and the onerearng bean efnen foe fa, who apply the lg potent and buat hes oo ‘ra of pani smncton and on be othe the arrogant the imesh saphena ou when te seu ped {he pah aoa dpe. Tas Sey aie ane eR themches de ar dvotred by wld Bes an mae ls Cary ey weg thy pert fey Yard wks Gay be te Dattor Who dsb anon Hincrranc tc act bee Stand hast ee fee rnp tee aeeenie ane oremennee Sook akon nee Sus the arsnomans against mhom Se dite hs sacre conse pe ae peeama ements Seaman nearer LR 17. Reason and Revelation Renton and reelason ae Go's git by means of which erator an ‘odin ‘Ag ebore tirtete a ce a scmnone Foss Gos ‘wtorhip, and you fl ner the domination of men, When Jou sept ‘eamon and revaaton, oud sos you own Fi an You 1 no Bee ‘bas tnanial Reto ndreeaonealyou oabiuerie Tete ‘When wl this enon fee himself fom thereat of men? Ts ‘3p ofindvidalsever ale to acer bars, tv aves wer ‘Scone e's ear Hein es graing nina tn ned es rd Wha good hs he eed fom sen? What inne ha sua cuanesrs OF magn ve o ‘evel aha on his education? God pseu from osahing His tontip and pudance, and conentng ourselves wth he fe 8, Reconciliation of Reason and Revelation Ppa anen aa a rE teeters tet oleate perenne aan vtomecehmnnans Ate mpc aipeesets eoreie ns eee ee eee Soca eeasen eater ie is Seer ep ae oy eet eee fai eee ee oe See heen arcs sna rn put qe cin ep ordered a erases peer ee es re acme econ gees Faria meses ete ee seme nests mente geieeenem es sche gee eee at el Soba ioe eerie eect ree meee Teepe ek ee eee cee mcr eens oi mares are thee of man and reno an region se he pcs nes Thre ane Sopeneemper at ‘tga ion ote ed rade era ‘oUman bean fer wero sre Song Sitaram bes nie pce eng bon mat poy eprint pi(ne ca sense In “Ags atempto re senon Bde. He whe to make 1 puceoritamong te eatreme rao Ate ede be was terete Hema ine a repr te mar god (ond nd ex belongs othe domain of he eee a 9. Reason and Usil ad-Din Fortbn ait ready mentioned he fncion of reas in wl addi ‘0 buply the nen roa forthe existence of Go, Who gunanoce the Acensciy of he mison of the Propet whe, Sn tm, guarantee the tithealy of the coer af he Commi ed fama) Ths eat alone mets motion the proceso athenetng the tree bie sources ofthe revealed ln. Scted Sexpre cannot suena es ‘ony renin can sutheneatc and ike Serpe tia git ron Got There wold soem tobe a contradic Ib Ah whe appears oe making wie of ali wie adhering osteo uot whaton tt ante howy tarts low nd te pacers hn af “sich nets morener,sforemoxepropanen But bn Aai wef reno, Taded fo thie owner by nolan, racher thaw’ allngn ‘merely one ofthe bes of Gad ts to man, bt the mon excelent of ‘Gest Mat xeon at oan nt bein ith eso nerd {hist on his road ws sataon Ma begins by doting fo ub sre Ue keloid ais wih doube tht he door 0 ene ade fo Tho “Ags notion of ul ad, the root of religion, based on season an wal thn reso’ sega scope Serpe conta the word of God, Lethe Quran, a the Sanna the Prophet Es Mestenget ho charged with he teasmsion of Go's Mesage: The ‘omen (ja) sho the Malin Comat epee y he json gunraeed by the Propet at ofl in oe Bat ever be pone to bnow ta he atrment ofthe Mesage are God ‘or thore purporting o come fom he Prophet te bet theo Cs Messenger, nor tetlore that the cones tay Pres fn ere ‘wl Gal Hm ro fo at oral the above anions epee ‘Gteon dhe reaiy of God exec, The rare fancion of lod “listo esablsh the then the are bai meces of the reveled tw, every etene of wl li Foe i Ai fae ethovony onceroed the scence of wl el gc sa do fare. Aad ie [root a Go's exec, for the purpose oF authentcxting the source ot ‘he eee a, an oiigaion imposed solely on relists Cipabl of the tak not on he lnyman empl bere Fo the Raina sts coms ora ais nowt » i, nie haa Mos must ow God throug ational spealation norte toaccde to saan, bn answer at {he Mewcnge of God made cay what you have made dil for he ‘os conte hf than the rom te poole When he aed the taiden, "Where ts Gadd he pointed wo they, he si, Tly ‘he isabebever Thus heeft people on therm ground of aw Tinie extent of the scope ofthe cence of wan i Tn "Ags tout stars one Ca deen on the ars of ir Nain the {eencr of his had on atta we ave no way of ong the exact SEopeet tice, ube concsned in dat wrk Ea ir weings she Fame ome dot nH ‘ai dil not avon the sy of heal the cube prblomates ofthe asence of ha, forthe purpose of \lctrmioingerodony He may wel have ete tite xen iis Ula asc i proemor, Qaat Abu Wa, is Moma Dut would foc expet tm ave aorta moe than id Aa Yah a6 2 ‘Ercptne encompaning wal fh mor 20 Base adres ty for ‘ihe hn apogee enc te sk ego gine deacons ‘ov toave signed wt aayfaneon Beyond he nite scope he did 10. Reason and Ui abFigh or hn Agi the ‘oot ofa aah re inact he root fog tan Man ogated (waled eo onour te divine commands and fries enor inten wo net ocr hee ‘Say and bm ‘As eleenth tere scroll bt a nunber of lens peoery belonging t balan and eg) plow. They were ited ke rolemattof tat ar he RealShare {Qh detention ood and ton way (2) tere Som teen reason ad evan ea she); the qualer Son of ings and homan acs Before the ref ewan he (al ey gl wu sar) (8) probion sed pers sion taro tay) te mpi of ogon beyond ones ci lf a sand (6) he poston of bison one Pon ‘Eire (arate) hse problems which hae et being Shoniguion be ened blow (ut Two, Caper),