1

Module 5:
Mass transfer in turbulant flows

Lecture 41:
Mass Transfer in Turbulent Pipe Flow

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

Assumptions
(i)

Fully developed Concentration profile

(ii)

Constant properties

(iii)

Constant wall flux ( J 0 )

Experiments like this provide information about variation of eddy diffusivity near the wall.
Steady-state Governing equation for the case of no axial conduction/diffusion

uz

ci
1
( rJ ir )
=
z
r r

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

J ir = J ir( l ) + J ir( t ) = ( D + D ( t ) )

ci
r

Observed similarity in the governing equation with that in laminar flow

ci
= constant . (Remember discussion of heat transfer in
r

For fully developed C profile

laminar flow with constant qwall )

c
r J ir = i ru z dr
z 0
r

Integration yields :

(3)

But

2 RJ 0 z = ci

2 r u

dr

moles moles
Val. flux ; cm3 / s
3
cm

c
RJ 0 = i ru z dr
z 0
R

Or,

(4)

Dividing (3) by (4), we get

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

+
ymax

J ir R
=
J0 r

ru

1
=
y+
+
0 r uz dr 1 ymax
0
R

Where we have used

0
R

r
0

y+
+
ymax

y+
u 1 + dy
ymax
+

r = R y and
+
ymax

dr

y+
u 1 + dy
ymax
+

y+
+
ymax

Or,

J ir
4 / Re
=
y+
J0
1 +
ymax

+
ymax

y+

y+
u 1 +
ymax

+
dy

(5)

Where the denominator has been replaced by the Re as obtained by eqn. (1) in the previous lecture
and reproduced below:

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

2 R < uz >
Re =
=4
v

+
ymax

y+
u ( y )[1 + ] dy + (1)
ymax
+

We now introduce a dimensionless concentration given by

+ =

u*
ci ci| y =0
J0

(compare to laminar flow with constant qwall ). But

c
J ir = D + D (t ) i
r
J ir D + D (t ) d +
=

J0
v
dy +
y+

+ =

Use

J ir
v
dy +
(t )
D + D J0

J ir
as found in eq. (5) to obtain + distribution
J0

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

2R J 0
,
D[caver ci | y =0

Nu =

where
R

u
caver =

ci r dr

r dr

Thus:
+
ymax

y+ +
[cavg
dy ,
+
0 u 1 ymax

+
ymax
Nu
St =
.
= y+
max
+
Re Sc

y
2 u + + 1 + dy +
ymax
0
4J0
ci| y =0 ] =
u* Re

a) If

+
+ const = max

+
2 ymax
=
St =
Re +max

f
1
,
2 +max

where
+max =

+
ymax

J ir +
v
dy
D + D (t ) J 0

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

Let

c
J ir
0 only near the periphery:
1 Since
J0
r

+
max
=

+
ymax

v
dy +
(t )
D+D

Here we cant say D (t ) < D near the wall,

although (t ) << for y + < 5

Express Universal Velocity Profile (UVP):

u + = y + A1 y + + A2 y +
4

u + = 2.5ln y + + 5.5

y + 20
y + > 20

A1 = 1.0972 104
With

A2 = 3.295 106

By differentiation of UVP we get v ( t ) as f ( y + ) or

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

D (t ) = f ( y + )

if

D (t ) = v (t )

Hence,

D(t )
4 A1 y + 5 A2 y +
=
3
4
v
1 4 A1 y + 5 A2 y +

y 20

D(t ) y +
=
1
v
2.5

y > 20

y + << 1 =>

Diffusion layer close to the wall =>

3
Dt
4 A1 y +
v

+
max

+
ymax

Sc 2/3
=
(4 A1 )1/3
=

+
ymax

v
dy +
(t )
D+D

+
ymax

dy +
3
1
+ 4 A1 y +
Sc

dy +
1+ y+

Sc 2 / 3
4 9

1/ 3
(4 A1 )
3 3

(using binomial theorem)

(if you set y +max )

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering

Finally

St =

0.0429
Sc 2/3 f
2
1.2092

as

Sc .

Chiltan-Colburn analogy:

St =

f
Sc 2/3
2

(compares with the derived result up to Re 105 )

NPTEL,IITKharagpur,Prof.SaikatChakraborty,DepartmentofChemicalEngineering