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Abu Dhabi
Coordinates:

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

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2428N 5422E

This article is about the city. For the emirate, see Abu Dhabi (emirate).

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Abu Dhabi (US /bu dbi/, UK /bu dbi/ Arabic: Ab ab Emirati

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pronunciation [bubi])[4] is the capital and the second most populous city in

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the United Arab Emirates (the most populous being Dubai), and also capital of

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Abu Dhabi emirate, the largest of the UAE's seven member emirates. Abu

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Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central

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Emirates Government, home to the Abu Dhabi Emiri Family and the President
of the UAE, who is from this family. Abu Dhabi's rapid development and

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urbanisation, coupled with the relatively high average income of its population,
has transformed the city into a large and advanced metropolis. Today the city is

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the country's center of political and industrial activities, and a major cultural and

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commercial centre, due to its position as the capital. Abu Dhabi accounts for

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about two-thirds of the roughly $400-billion United Arab Emirates economy.[6]

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Page information

Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi houses federal government offices, is the seat of the United Arab

Recent changes

Special pages

Metropolis

western coast. The city proper had a population of 1.5 million in 2014.[5]

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Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is the fourth most expensive city for expatriate employees in the
region, and in 2014 was the 68th most expensive big city in the world.[7]

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In other projects
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Wikivoyage
Languages
Ach

1 History
2 Geography
3 Climate
4 Government
5 Cityscape
5.1 Neighborhoods
5.2 Architecture

Clockwise, from top left: Skyline from Marina,

Etihad Towers, Ferrari World, Skyline from
Breakwaters Marina, Emirates Palace, Desert
Ripples.

5.2.1 Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque

5.3 Parks and gardens
6 Economy

Afrikaans

7 Utility services

Alemannisch

8 City planning
9 Human rights

nglisc

10 Demographics

11 Transportation

Arpetan
Azrbaycanca

Bahasa Banjar

12 Culture
13 Education
14 Sports
14.1 Abu Dhabi Grand Prix

Bn-lm-g

15 In the media

16 International relations

()
Bikol Central

Flag

Abu Dhabi

16.1 Twin towns and cities

17 See also
18 References
19 External links
UAE

Bosanski
Brezhoneg

Catal

History

Coordinates:
[ edit ]

United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi

Government
Type
Sheikh
Crown Prince

Constitutional monarchy[1]
Khalifa bin Zayed
Mohammed bin Zayed

the mountain of Hafeet (Jebel Hafeet). This location is very strategic because it

Area
Total

972 km2 (375 sq mi)

is the UAEs second tallest mountain, so it would have great visibility. It also

Time zone

UAE standard time (UTC+4)

contains a lot of moisture in its springs and lakes, which means that there would

GDP
GDP per capita

US$ 178.3 billion [2]

US$ 61,009 [2]

Website

Abu Dhabi Government Portal

See also: Timeline of Abu Dhabi

Cebuano
etina

Abu Dhabi is full of archeological evidence that points to civilizations, such as

ChiShona

the Umm an-Nar Culture, having been located there from the third millennium

Cymraeg

BCE. Settlements were also found farther outside the modern city of Abu Dhabi

Dansk

but closer to the modern city of Al Ain. There is evidence of civilizations around

Deutsch
Eesti

Espaol
Esperanto
Euskara

2428N 5422E

Country
Emirate

have been more moisture thousands of years

Origin of the name Abu Dhabi

ago.[8]

Fiji Hindi

The origin of the name "Abu Dhabi" is uncertain. Meaning "Father of the Gazelle", when

Franais

literally translated from Arabic, it probably referred to the few gazelles that inhabit the

Frysk
Gaeilge
Gidhlig
Galego

emirate. According to Bilal al-Budoor, assistant under-secretary for Cultural Affairs at the
Ministry of Culture, Youth and Community Development, "The area had a lot of dhibaa [deer
(plural)], and was nicknamed after that." An old story tells about a man who used to chase

Gky

deer [dhabi (deer - singular)] and was named the "father" of the animal. Abu Dhabi's original

/Hak-k-ng

name was Milh "salt", possibly referring to the salty water of the Persian Gulf, or the ancient

salt marshes that surround the city. Some Bedouins called the city Umm Dhabi (mother of

deer), while British records refer to the place as Abu Dhabi. According to some historical

accounts, the name Abu Dhabi was first used more than 300 years ago. The first word of

Hrvatski

Abu Dhabi is pronounced "Bu" by inhabitants on the city's western coast. In the eastern part of the city, the pronunciation is "Abu".[4]

Ido
Bahasa Indonesia
Interlingue

Aerial view of Abu Dhabi on the

coast of the Persian Gulf.

Origins of the Al Nahyan family

The Bani Yas bedouin were originally centered on the Liwa Oasis. This tribe was the most significant in the area, having over 20

slenska

subsections. In 1793, the Al Bu Falah subsection migrated to the island of Abu Dhabi on the coast of the Persian Gulf due to the

Italiano

discovery of fresh water there. One family within this section was the Al Nahyan family. This family makes up the rulers of Abu Dhabi

today.[9]

Basa Jawa
Kalaallisut

Pearl trade

Abu Dhabi worked in the pearl business and traded with others. According to a source about pearling, the Persian Gulf was the best

location for pearls. Pearl divers dove for one to one-and-a-half minutes, and would have dived up to thirty times per day. There were

Kiswahili
Kreyl ayisyen

no oxygen tanks and any other sort of mechanical device was forbidden. The divers had a leather nose clip and leather coverings on
their fingers and big toes to protect them while they searched for oysters.[10] The divers were not paid for a days work but received a

portion of the seasons earnings.[11]

Trucial coast

Latina
Latvieu

In the 19th century, as a result of treaties (known as "truces" which gave the coast its name) entered into between Great Britain and

Ltzebuergesch

the sheikhs of the Arab States of the Persian Gulf, Britain became the predominant influence in the area.[12] The main purpose of

Lietuvi

British interest was to protect the trade route to India from pirates, hence the earlier name for the area, the "Pirate Coast". After

Lumbaart

piracy was suppressed, other considerations came into play, such as a strategic need of the British to exclude other powers from the

Magyar

region. Following their withdrawal from India in 1947, the British maintained their influence in Abu Dhabi as interest in the oil potential
of the Persian Gulf grew.
First oil discoveries
In the 1930s, as the pearl trade declined, interest grew in the oil possibilities of the region. On 5 January 1936, Petroleum

Development (Trucial Coast) Ltd (PDTC), an associate company of the Iraq Petroleum Company, entered into a concession

Bahasa Melayu

agreement with the ruler, Sheikh Shakhbut bin Sultan al Nahyan, to explore for oil. This was followed by a seventy-five-year

Mng-dng-ng

concession signed in January 1939. However, owing to the desert terrain, inland exploration was fraught with difficulties. In 1953,

D'Arcy Exploration Company, the exploration arm of BP, obtained an offshore concession which was then transferred to a company

Nederlands

created to operate the concession: Abu Dhabi Marine Areas (ADMA) was a joint venture between BP and Compagnie Franaise des
Ptroles (later Total). In 1958, using a marine drilling platform, the ADMA Enterprise, oil was struck in the Umm Shaif field at a depth

of about 8,755 feet (2,669 m). This was followed in 1959 by PDTCs onshore discovery well at Murban No.3.[13]

In 1962, the company discovered the Bu Hasa field and ADMA followed in 1965 with the discovery of the Zakum offshore field. Today,

Norsk bokml
Norsk nynorsk
Novial
Occitan

Ozbekcha/

in addition to the oil fields mentioned, the main producing fields onshore are Asab, Sahil and Shah, and offshore are al-Bunduq, and
Abu al-Bukhoosh.[13]
Pictorial essay of old Abu Dhabi
In 1904, German explorer, Hermann Burchardt, took many photographs of historical sites in Abu Dhabi, photos that are now held at
the Ethnological Museum of Berlin.[14]

Piemontis
Polski
Portugus
Qaraqalpaqsha
Romn

Geography

[ edit ]

Main article: Geography of the United Arab Emirates

The city of Abu Dhabi is on the northeastern part of the Persian Gulf in the Arabian
Peninsula. It is on an island less than 250 metres (820 ft) from the mainland and is joined to
the mainland by the Maqta and Mussafah Bridges. A third, Sheikh Zayed Bridge, designed by

Scots

Zaha Hadid, opened in late 2010. Abu Dhabi Island is also connected to Saadiyat Island by a

Shqip

five-lane motorway bridge. Al-Mafraq bridge connects the city to Reem Island and was

Sicilianu

completed in early 2011. This is a multilayer interchange bridge and it has 27 lanes which

Simple English
Slovenina

allow roughly 25,000 automobiles to move per hour. There are three major bridges of the
project, the largest has eight lanes, four leaving Abu Dhabi city and four coming in.[15]

Slovenina

Most of Abu Dhabi city is located on the island itself, but it has many suburbs on the

Soomaaliga

mainland, for example: Khalifa City A, B, and C[16] Al Raha Beach[17] Al Bahia City A, B, and

C Al Shahama Al Rahba Between Two Bridges Baniyas Shamkha AL Wathba and

/ srpski
Srpskohrvatski /

Suomi

Mussafah Residential.

Climate

Abu Dhabi seen from SPOT

satellite.

[ edit ]

Svenska
Tagalog

Abu Dhabi has a hot desert climate (Kppen climate classification BWh). Sunny blue skies can be expected throughout the year. The

months of June through September are generally extremely hot and humid with maximum temperatures averaging above 38 C

Taqbaylit

(100 F). During this time, sandstorms occur intermittently, in some cases reducing visibility to a few meters.[18]

/tatara

The cooler season is from November to March, which ranges between moderately hot to cold. This period also sees dense fog on

some days. On average, January is the coolest month in the year, while July and August are the hottest.

Trke

Climate data for Abu Dhabi

Vepsn kel

Jan

Record high
C (F)

33.7
(92.7)

Average
high C (F)

24.1
(75.4)

26.0
(78.8)

29.5
(85.1)

34.5
(94.1)

Daily mean
C (F)

18.8
(65.8)

19.6
(67.3)

22.6
(72.7)

26.4
(79.5)

31.2
(88.2)

33.0
(91.4)

34.9
(94.8)

35.3
(95.5)

Average low
C (F)

13.2
(55.8)

14.6
(58.3)

17.5
(63.5)

20.8
(69.4)

23.8
(74.8)

26.1
(79)

28.8
(83.8)

Record low
C (F)

5.0
(41)

5.0
(41)

8.4
(47.1)

11.2
(52.2)

16.0
(60.8)

19.8
(67.6)

Average
7.0
21.2
14.5
precipitation
(0.276) (0.835) (0.571)
mm (inches)

6.1
(0.24)

1.3
(0.051)

Ting Vit
Volapk
Vro
Winaray
Yorb

Zazaki
emaitka

Edit links

Average
precipitation
days

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

[hide]

Month

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

38.1
43.0
44.7
46.9
48.8
48.7
49.2
47.7
43.0
38.0
(100.6) (109.4) (112.5) (116.4) (119.8) (119.7) (120.6) (117.9) (109.4) (100.4)
39.3
40.8
42.1
42.9
40.4
(102.7) (105.4) (107.8) (109.2) (104.7)

Dec

Year

33.4
(92.1)

49.2
(120.6)

36.5
(97.7)

31.1
(88)

26.3
(79.3)

34.46
(94.02)

32.7
(90.9)

29.1
(84.4)

24.5
(76.1)

20.8
(69.4)

27.41
(81.33)

29.5
(85.1)

26.6
(79.9)

23.2
(73.8)

18.7
(65.7)

15.8
(60.4)

21.55
(70.79)

16.5
(61.7)

17.0
(62.6)

19.0
(66.2)

12.0
(53.6)

10.5
(50.9)

7.1
(44.8)

5
(41)

0
(0)

0
(0)

1.5
(0.059)

0
(0)

0
(0)

0.3
5.2
(0.012) (0.205)

57.1
(2.249)

1.2

2.8

2.8

1.2

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.1

0.0

0.0

0.2

1.5

9.9

Average
relative
humidity (%)

68

67

63

58

55

60

61

63

64

65

65

68

63.1

Mean
monthly
sunshine
hours

246.1

232.6

251.1

280.5

342.2

336.9

314.2

307.5

302.4

304.7

286.6

257.6

3,462.4

( 0.2 mm)

Source: NOAA (19711991)[19]

Abu Dhabi mean sea temperature[20]

Jan
22.2 C

Feb

Mar

20.6 C

22.4 C

Apr
25.0 C

May
29.0 C

Jun
31.6 C

Jul
32.7 C

Aug
33.8 C

Sep
33.4 C

Oct
31.5 C

Nov
28.3 C

Dec
24.5 C

(72.0 F) (69.1 F) (72.3 F) (77.0 F) (84.2 F) (88.9 F) (90.9 F) (92.8 F) (92.1 F) (88.7 F) (82.9 F) (76.1 F)

Government

[ edit ]

Under the rule of the Department of Municipal Affairs, Abu Dhabi Central Capital District has its own local government. Members are
selected through the emir.
Councils such as the Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council and the Regulation and Supervision Bureau are responsible for
infrastructure projects in the city. Finances are mainly through the state government.

Cityscape

[ edit ]

Panoramic view of the Corniche.

Neighborhoods

[ edit ]

Al Aman

Al Rehhan

Al Bateen

Al Rowdah

Al Dhafrah

Bani Yas

Al Falah

Al Zaab

Al Karama

Al Zahiyah

Al Khubeirah

Al Zahraa

Al Lulu Island

Al Khalidyah

Al Madina

Bain Al Jisrain

Al Manaseer

Hideriyyat

Al Manhal

Khalifa City

Al Maqtaa

Marina Village

Al Markaziyah

Masdar City

Al Meena

Mohammed Bin Zayed City

Al Moroor

Saadiyat Island

Al Mushrif

Shakhbout City

Skyscrapers on West Corniche Rd,

Al Ras Al Akhdar, in March 2013. Etihad
Towers at the right.

Al Muzoon

Officers City

Al Nahyan

Qasr El Bahr

Al Qubesat

Qasr El Shatie

Al Ras Al Akhdar

Yas Island

Al Reem Island

Architecture

[ edit ]

See also: List of tallest buildings in Abu Dhabi

The city was planned under the guidance of Sheikh Zayed by
Japanese architect Dr Takahashi in 1967 initially for a
population of 40,000.[21] The density of Abu Dhabi varies,
with high employment density in the central area, high
residential densities in central downtown and lower densities
in the suburbs. In the dense areas, most of the concentration
is achieved with medium- and high-rise buildings. Abu
Dhabi's skyscrapers such as the notable Etihad Towers, Abu

Street View.

Dhabi Investment Authority Tower,[22] the National Bank of

Abu Dhabi headquarters,[23] the Baynunah ( Hilton Hotel )
Tower. [24] and the Etisalat headquarters are usually found in the financial districts of Abu Dhabi.[25]
ADIA Tower to the left and
The Landmark at the right in
Abu Dhabi.

Other notable modern buildings include the Emirates Palace with its design inspired by Arab
heritage.[26]
The development of tall buildings has been encouraged in
the Abu Dhabi Plan 2030, which will lead to the construction

of many new skyscrapers over the next decade, particularly in the expansion of Abu Dhabi's
central business district such as the new developments on Al Sowwah Island and Al Reem
Island.[27] Abu Dhabi already has a number of supertall skyscrapers under construction
throughout the city. Some of the tallest buildings on the skyline include the 382 m
(1,253.28 ft) Central Market Residential Tower, the 324 m (1,062.99 ft) The Landmark and
the 74-story, 310 m (1,017.06 ft) Sky Tower, all of them completed. Also many other

Etihad Towers

skyscrapers over 150 m (492.13 ft) (500 ft) are either proposed or approved and could
transform the city's skyline. As of July 2008, there were 62 high-rise buildings 23 to 150 m
(75.46 to 492.13 ft) under construction, approved for construction, or proposed for construction.[28]
Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque [ edit ]
Main article: Sheikh Zayed Mosque
One of the most important architectural landmarks is the Sheikh Zayed Mosque. This is
arguably one of the most important architectural treasures of contemporary UAE society
and one of the most opulent in the world. It was initiated by the late president of the United
Arab Emirates, HH Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan, fondly thought of as the father of the
UAE.[29]
Its design and construction reportedly 'unites the world', using artisans and materials from
many countries including Italy, Germany, Morocco, Pakistan, India, Turkey, Iran, China, the
United Kingdom, New Zealand, Greece and of course the United Arab Emirates.[30] More than
3,000 workers and 38 renowned contracting companies took part in the construction of the

Front and entrance of the Sheikh

Zayed Mosque.

mosque. Natural materials were chosen for much of its design and construction due to their
long-lasting qualities, including marble, stone, gold, semi-precious stones, crystals and ceramics. Construction began on 5
November 1996. The maximum capacity is approximately 41,000 people and the overall structure is 22,412 square metres, the
internal prayer halls were initially opened in December 2007.[29]
As one of the most visited buildings in the UAE, the Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque Center was established to manage the day-to-day
operations, as a place of worship and Friday gathering and as a centre of learning and discovery through its education and visitor
programs.[31]

Parks and gardens

[ edit ]

Abu Dhabi has more than 2,000 well-maintained parks and gardens[32] and more than 400 kilometres (249 miles) of coastline, of
which 10 kilometres (6 miles) are public beaches.[33]

The Lake Park

A view from Heritage

Turmeric plants at the

Park

Heritage Park

Inside the Heritage Park

Directions Pole at the

Heritage Park

Watch Tower at the

Heritage Park

Economy

[ edit ]

Main article: Economy of the United Arab Emirates

The UAEs large hydrocarbon wealth gives it one of the highest GDP per capita in the world
and Abu Dhabi owns the majority of these resources 95% of the oil and 92%[34] of gas. Abu
Dhabi thus holds 9% of the worlds proven oil reserves (98.2bn barrels) and almost 5% of the
worlds natural gas (5.8 trillion cu metres). Oil production in the UAE was in the region of
2.3m barrels per day (bpd) in 2010,[35] and projects are in progress to boost production to
3m bpd. In recent years the focus has turned to gas as increasing domestic consumption for
power, desalination and reinjection of gas into oil fields increases demand. Gas extraction is
not without its difficulties, however, as demonstrated by the sour gas project at Shah where
the gas is rich in hydrogen sulphide content and is expensive to develop and process.[13]
Recently[when?] the government has been diversifying their economic plans. Served by high
oil prices, the countrys non-oil and gas GDP has outstripped that attributable to the energy
sector. Non-oil and gas GDP now constitutes 64% of the UAEs total GDP. This trend is
reflected in Abu Dhabi with substantial new investment in industry, real estate, tourism and
retail. As Abu Dhabi is the largest oil producer of the UAE, it has reaped the most benefits
from this trend. It has taken on an active diversification and liberalisation programme to

The ADCB Bank Headquarters.

reduce the UAEs reliance on the hydrocarbon sector. This is evident in the emphasis on
industrial diversification with the completion of free zones, Industrial City of Abu Dhabi,
twofour54 Abu Dhabi media free zone and the construction of another, ICAD II, in the
pipeline. There has also been a drive to promote the tourism and real estate sectors with the
Abu Dhabi Tourism Authority and the Tourism and Development Investment Company
undertaking several large-scale development projects. These projects will be served by an
improved transport infrastructure with a new port, an expanded airport and a proposed rail
link between Abu Dhabi and Dubai all in the development stages.[36]
Abu Dhabi is the wealthiest emirate of the UAE in terms of Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
and per capita income. More than $1 trillion is invested worldwide in this city alone. In 2010,

The Heritage Village.

the GDP per capita also reached $49,600, which ranks ninth in the world after Qatar,
Liechtenstein and Luxembourg and many others. Taxation in Abu Dhabi, as in the rest of the
UAE, is nil for a resident and for a non-bank, non-oil company. Abu Dhabi is also planning many future projects sharing with the
Cooperation Council for the Arab States of the Gulf (GCC) and taking 29% of all the GCC future plannings. The United Arab
Emirates is a fast-growing economy: in 2006 the per capita income grew by 9%, providing a GDP per capita of $49,700 and ranking
third in the world at purchasing power parity. Abu Dhabi's sovereign wealth fund, the Abu Dhabi Investment Authority (ADIA),
currently estimated at US$875 billion, is the world's wealthiest sovereign fund in terms of total asset value.[37] Etihad Airways
maintains its headquarters in Abu Dhabi.[38]
Abu Dhabi's government is looking to expand revenue from oil and gas production to tourism and other sorts of things which would
attract different types of people. This goal is seen in the amount of attention Abu Dhabi is giving to its International Airport. The
airport, in 2009, experienced a 30%+ growth in passenger usage.[39] This idea of diversification of the economy is also seen in the
Abu Dhabi Economic Vision 2030[40] planned by the Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council. In this plan Abu Dhabi's economy will be
sustainable and not be dependent on any one facet or source of revenue. More specifically the non-oil portion of income is planned
to be increased from about 40% to about 70%.[37]
Many Hollywood and other national film production teams have used the UAE as filming locations. Whilst neighbouring Dubai gets a
lot of attention, in recent years Abu Dhabi has become a popular destination. The Etihad Towers and Emirates Palace Hotel were
some of the city's landmarks used as filming locations for the movie Furious 7. In this movie, cars rush through the building and
smash through the windows of the Etihad Towers.[41]

Utility services

[ edit ]

See also: Water supply and sanitation in Abu Dhabi

The water supply in Abu Dhabi is managed by the Abu Dhabi Water and Electricity Company. As of 2006, it supplied 560.2 MiGD
(million imperial gallons per day) of water,[42] while the water demand for 200506 was estimated to be 511 MiGD.[43] The
Environment Agency of Abu Dhabi (EAD) states that groundwater is the most significant source of water, as well as desalinated
potable water, and treated sewage effluent. At 40.6 MiGD, the Umm Al Nar storage is the largest water source for Abu Dhabi,
followed by the rivers Shuweihat and Taweelah.[44] With falling groundwater level and rising population density, Abu Dhabi faces a
severely acute water shortage. On average each Abu Dhabi resident uses 550 liters (120 imp gal 150 U.S. gal) of water per day.[45]
Abu Dhabi daily produces 1,532 tonnes of solid wastes which is dumped at three landfill sites by Abu Dhabi Municipality.[46][47] The
daily domestic waste water production is 330 MiGD and industrial waste water is 40 MiGD. A large portion of the sewerage flows as

waste into streams, and separation plants.[47]

The city's per capita electricity consumption is about 41,000 kWh and the total supplied is 8,367 MW as of 2007.[48] The distribution
of electricity is carried out by companies run by SCIPCO Power and APC Energy.[49][50] The Abu Dhabi Fire Service runs 13 fire
stations that attend about 2,000 fire and rescue calls per year.
State-owned Etisalat and private du communication companies provide telephone and cell phone service to the city. Cellular
coverage is extensive, and both GSM and CDMA (from Etisalat and Du) services are available. Etisalat, the government owned
telecommunications provider, held a virtual monopoly over telecommunication services in Abu Dhabi prior to the establishment of
other, smaller telecommunications companies such as Emirates Integrated Telecommunications Company (EITC better known as
Du) in 2006. Internet was introduced into Abu Dhabi in 1995. The current network is supported by a bandwidth of 6 GB, with 50,000
dialup and 150,000 broadband ports. Etisalat recently announced implementing a fibre-to-the-home (FTTH) network in Abu Dhabi
during the third quarter of 2009 to make the emirate the world's first city to have such a network.[51]

City planning

[ edit ]

The city was planned in the 1970s for an estimated

maximum population of 600,000. In accordance with
what was considered to be ideal urban planning at
the time, the city has wide grid-pattern roads, and
high-density tower blocks.[52] On the northerly end of
the island, where the population density is highest,
the main streets are lined with 20- to 30-storey
towers. Inside this rectangle of towers is a normal
grid pattern of roads with lower density buildings (2-

A Public Park in the city.

Public park in Abu Dhabi.

story villas or 6-story low-rise buildings).

Abu Dhabi is a modern city with broad boulevards,
tall office and apartment buildings, and busy shops.
Principal thoroughfares are the Corniche, Airport
Road, Sheikh Zayed Street, Hamdan Street and
Khalifa Street. Abu Dhabi is known in the region for
its greenery the former desert strip today includes
numerous parks and gardens. The design of the
inner city roads and main roads are quite organised.
Greeneries on the roadside near
the Corniche Beach.

Starting from the Corniche, all horizontal streets are

Waterfront park in Abu Dhabi.

oddly numbered, while all vertical streets are evenly

numbered. Thus, the Corniche is Street #1, Khalifa is Street

#3, Hamdan is Street #5, Electra street is Street #7 and so on. Conversely, Salam Street is St #8.[53]
Mail is generally delivered to post-office boxes only however, there is door-to-door delivery for
commercial organizations. There are many parks throughout the city. Entrance is usually free for
children, however there is often an entrance fee for adults. The Corniche, the city's seaside
promenade, is about 7 kilometres (4.3 mi) in length, with gardens, playgrounds, and a
BMX/skateboard ring.[54]
In 2007 the Abu Dhabi Urban Planning Council (UPC) was established, which is the agency
responsible for the future of Abu Dhabis urban environments and the expert authority behind the
visionary Plan Abu Dhabi 2030 Urban Structure Framework Plan that was published in September
2007.[55] The UPC is also working on similar plans for the regions of Al-Ain and Al-Gharbia.
Because of the rapid development of Abu Dhabi, a number of challenges to the city's urban

At the corniche during

sunset.

organization have developed, among them:

Today, the city's population far surpasses the original estimated maximum population when it was designed. This causes traffic
congestion, a shortage of car parking spaces, and overcrowding.
Although there is an addressing system for the city, it is not widely used, causing problems in describing building locations.
Directions must often be given based on nearby landmarks.

Human rights

[ edit ]

Main article: Human rights in the UAE

Human rights organisations have heavily criticised violations of human rights in Abu Dhabi. As with other parts of the UAE, foreign
workers are not given proper treatment and many companies (both government and private) have yet to improve things.

Demographics

[ edit ]

In 2006, the population of the emirate was 1,463,491.[58] As the emirate covers 67,341 km2

Historical population
Year

Pop.

1960

25,000

1965

50,000

+100.0%

1969

46,400

7.2%

1975

127,763

+175.4%

(26,001 sq mi), nearly 87% of the UAE, the population density is 21.73/km2 (56.3/sq mi), making it
the largest emirate in the UAE.[59]
Abu Dhabi also ranks as the 67th most expensive city in the world, and the second most in the
region behind Dubai.[60]
As of 2014, 477,000 of 2,650,000 people living in the emirate were UAE nationals. Approximately

1980

243,257

+90.4%

80% of the population were expatriates.[61] The median age in the emirate was about 30.1 years.

1985

283,361

+16.5%

The crude birth rate, as of 2005, was 13.6%, while the crude death rate was about 2%.[62]

1995

398,695

+40.7%

2003

552,000

+38.5%

2009

896,751

+62.5%

2013

921,000

+2.7%

Article 7 of the UAE's Provisional Constitution declares Islam the official state religion of the
UAE.[63] The government subsidizes almost 95% of mosques and employs all imams. A majority of
mosques are Maliki or Muwahhid oriented.[64]

The town of Abu Dhabi first

The majority of the inhabitants of Abu Dhabi are expatriate workers from India, Pakistan , Eritrea,

conducted a census in 1968. All

Ethiopia, Somalia, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Philippines, the United Kingdom and various countries

population figures in this table prior to

from across the Arab world. Some of these expatriates have been in the country for many decades

1968 are estimates obtained from

populstat.info.

with only a few of them awarded nationality[65] Consequently, English, Hindi-Urdu (Hindustani),

Sources:[3][56][57]

Malayalam, Tulu, Tamil, Somali, Tigrinya, Amharic and Bengali are widely spoken.[66]
The native-born population are Arabic-speaking Arabs who are part of a clan-based society. The

Al Nahyan family, part of the al-Falah branch of the Bani Yas clan, rules the emirate and has a central place in society.[67] There are
also Arabs who are from other parts if the Arab World.
See also: Pakistanis in the United Arab Emirates, Indians in the United Arab Emirates, Islam in the United Arab Emirates, Roman
Catholicism in the United Arab Emirates, and Bah' Faith in the United Arab Emirates

Transportation

[ edit ]

This section is outdated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly
available information. (October 2013)
Main article: Transport in the United Arab Emirates
Abu Dhabi International Airport (AUH) is the city's main aviation hub and the second busiest
airport in the UAE, serving 9.02 million passengers in 2008, up 30.2% from 2007. The airport
was previously located on Abu Dhabi Island and was moved to its current location on the
mainland in 1982.[68][68] Its terminal spaces are dominated by Etihad Airways which is the
UAE's national carrier and the country's second largest airline.[69] Prior to the 2000s, the
airport was one of the key supporters of Gulf Air. A new terminal opened in 2009 with total
capacity reaching 12 million passengers per annum by 2011.[70] Development work has also
started on a new passenger terminal, to be situated between the two runways and known as

Abu Dhabi International Airport

the Midfield Terminal. The new mega-midfield terminal complex will be capable of handling an
additional 20 million passengers a year initially and then later, as Abu Dhabi develops as a
major Middle East transport hub, up to 50 million passengers a year, thus providing a major
competition to Dubai International Airport.[71] The 5.9-million-square-metre (1,500-acre)
terminal will initially include 42 gates, rising to more than 90 gates on completion of the
airport.[72]
Public transport systems in Abu Dhabi include the Abu Dhabi public buses, taxis, ferries, and
airplanes.[73] Street taxis are easily recognised. They are either silver with a yellow roof sign

The city's Silver Taxi.

(newer taxis) or white and gold with a green roof sign (older taxis). All the old taxis have been
phased out. There are no old taxis available for transportation anymore.[74]
The first town bus entered service in about 1969 but this was all part of a very informal
service. There are other inter-city buses departing the Abu Dhabi Dhabi central bus station
these inter-city buses are not only intra-emirate buses, but also inter-emirate services. On 30
June 2008 the Department of Transport began public bus service in Abu Dhabi with four
routes.[75] There are also public buses serving the airport. In an attempt to entice people to
use the bus system, all routes were zero-fare until the end of 2008.[76] The four routes, which
operate between 6 am and midnight every day, run at a frequency of 10 to 20 minutes.[76]

City Bus Number 56.

Within the first week of service the bus network had seen high usage. Some of the buses,
which have a maximum capacity of 45 passengers, only had room for standing left. Some bus
drivers reported as many as 100 passengers on a bus at one time.[77] Although the new, zero-fare bus service has been a success,
many taxi drivers are losing business. Taxi drivers have seen a considerable decrease in the demand for taxis while lines were
forming for the buses.[78] The service steadily expanded and by the end of 2008, 230 buses were in service. In 2009, the
Department of Transport plans to have 21 bus routes in the city, operated by 820 buses. A total of 1,360 buses are expected to be in
operation by 2010.[77]
A massive expansion of public transport is anticipated within the framework of the government's Surface Transport Master Plan
2030.[79] The expansion is expected to see 130 km (81 mi) of metro and 340 km (210 mi) of tramways and/or bus rapid transit (BRT)
routes.
See also: Abu Dhabi Bus service

Culture

[ edit ]

Main article: Culture of the United Arab Emirates

Abu Dhabi has a diverse and multicultural society.[80] The city's cultural imprint as a small,
ethnically homogeneous pearling community was changed with the arrival of other ethnic
groups and nationalsfirst by the Iranians in the early 1900s, and later by various Asian and
European ethnicities in the 1950s and 60s. Abu Dhabi has been criticized for perpetuating a

class-based society, where migrant workers are in the lower classes, and suffer abuse which
"is endemic to the system".[81] Despite the diversity of the population, only minor and
infrequent episodes of ethnic tensions, primarily between expatriates, have been reported in
the city.[citation needed] Major holidays in Abu Dhabi include Eid al Fitr, which marks the end of
Ramadan, Eid ul-Adha which marks the end of Hajj, and National Day (2 December), which
marks the formation of the United Arab Emirates.[82]

Historic photograph of the Abu

Dhabi Public Library and Cultural
Centre, with the Qasr Al Hosn palace in
the background.

This unique socioeconomic development in the Persian Gulf

has meant that Abu Dhabi is generally more tolerant than its
neighbours, including Saudi Arabia.[83] Emiratis have been
known for their tolerance Christian churches, Hindu temples,
and Sikh gurdwaras (but no synagogues) can be found
alongside mosques. The cosmopolitan atmosphere is
gradually growing and as a result, there are a variety of
Asian and Western schools, cultural centers and themed
restaurants.
Abu Dhabi is home to a number of cultural institutions

Typical Arabic house displayed at

the Heritage Village in Abu Dhabi.

including the Cultural Foundation and the National Theater.

At the ADIPEC 2013.

The Cultural Foundation, while closed for reconstruction as of spring 2011, is home to the UAE
Public Library and Cultural Center.[84] Various cultural societies such as the Abu Dhabi Classical

Music Society have a strong and visible following in the city. The recently launched Emirates Foundation offers grants in support of
the arts, as well as to advance science and technology, education, environmental protection and social development. The
International Prize for Arabic Fiction (IPAF) will be based in Abu Dhabi. The city also stages hundreds of conferences and exhibitions
each year in its state-of-the-art venues, including the Abu Dhabi National Exhibition Centre (ADNEC) which is the Persian Gulf's
largest exhibition center and welcomes around 1.8 million visitors every year.[85]
The Red Bull Air Race World Series has been a spectacular sporting staple for the city for many years, bringing tens of thousands to
the waterfront.[86] Another major event is the Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition and Conference (ADIPEC).
The diversity of cuisine in Abu Dhabi is a reflection of the
cosmopolitan nature of the society. Arab food is very popular and is
available everywhere in the city, from the small shawarma to the
upscale restaurants in the city's many hotels. Fast food and South
Asian cuisine are also very popular and are widely available. The
sale and consumption of pork, though not illegal, is regulated and it
is sold only to non-Muslims in designated areas.[87] Similarly, the sale
of alcoholic beverages is regulated. A liquor permit is required to
purchase alcohol however, alcohol, although available in bars and
restaurants within four or five star hotels, is not sold as widely as in
its more liberal neighbour Dubai.[88] Shisha and qahwa boutiques are
The Royal International
Hotel.

Sofitel Abu Dhabi.

also popular in Abu Dhabi.

Poetry in Abu Dhabi and the UAE is highly regarded and often is

centric around the themes of satire, religion, family, chivalry and love. According to an article from an
Abu Dhabi tourism page, sheikhs, teachers, sailors and princes make a large bulk of the poets within the UAE. A unique form of
poetry to the UAE was formed in the 8th century by Al Khalil bin Ahmed and it was written in 16 meters. The first known poet from the
UAE, Ibn Majid, was born sometime between 1432 and 1437 in Ras Al Khaimah. According to the tourism page Majid came from a
family of sailors and 40 of his works have survived. Another Emirati poet, Ibn Daher is from the 17th century. Daher is important
because he used Nabati poetry (AKA Bedouin poetry), poetry written in the vernacular instead of the classical/religious Arabic. Other
important poets from the UAE are Mubarak Al Oqaili (18801954), Salem bin Ali al Owais (18871959) and Abdulla bin Sulayem
(19051976). These poets made headway in the field of Classical Arabic poetry as opposed to the Nabati poetry of the 17th
century.[89]
One of Ibn Masjid's most prominent works is a book called, Kitab al-Fawa'id fi Usul 'Ilm al-Bahr wa 'l-Qawa'id (Book of Useful
Information on the Principles and Rules of Navigation), and it was written in 1490. This book is effectually an encyclopdia about
navigation and sailing in and around the Indian Ocean. Masjid also goes into detail about the intricacies and technologies of the
Arab sailing techniques. An excerpt from his book is:
Today in Abu Dhabi there is a group called the Abu
Dhabi Cultural Foundation that works to preserve the

"We have 32 rhumbs, and tirfa, and zam, and the measurement of stellar altitudes,

art and culture of the city. According to an article from

but they have not. They cannot understand the way we navigate, but we can

the English Pen Atlas Al jawaher wal la'li was the first

understand the way they do we can use their system and sail in their ships. For the
Indian Ocean is connected to the All-Encompassing Ocean, and we possess

manuscript to come out of the UAE. According to

scientific books that give stellar altitudes, but they do not have a knowledge of stellar

another article this book was written in the 1990s and

altitudes they have no science and no books, only the compass and dead

was banned in the city for some time for making

reckoning We can easily sail in their ships and upon their sea, so they have great

accusations about the ruling family.[91]

respect for us and look up to us. They admit we have a better knowledge of the sea
and navigation and the wisdom of the stars."

See also: Cultural Policy in Abu Dhabi

Education

Ahmad Ibn Majid on European Navigation[90]

[ edit ]

Main article: Education in Abu Dhabi

Abu Dhabi is home to international and local private schools[92] and universities,[93] including government-sponsored United Arab

Emirates University in Al-Ain, New York University, Masdar Institute of Science and Technology, New York Institute of Technology,
Higher Colleges of Technology, New York Film Academy, Paris-Sorbonne University Abu Dhabi and Abu Dhabi University in Abu
Dhabi. These boast several languages that make up the population of the city. For example, the prestigious international business
school, established a campus in February 2010, offering an Executive MBA and executive education courses. New York University
opened a government-sponsored satellite campus in Abu Dhabi in September 2010.[94] There are institutes such as Altaaat[95]
Leadership Development Institute providing training to local people serving in the private, public and education sectors of Abu Dhabi.
All schools in the emirate are under the authority of the Abu Dhabi Education Council. This organization oversees and administers
public schools and licenses and inspects private schools. From 2009, the Council has brought over thousands of licensed teachers
from native English speaking countries to support their New School Model Program in government schools.
Abu Dhabi Education Council (ADEC) maintains a comprehensive after-school program for interested and talented jiu-jitsu
students.[96] The Abu Dhabi Jiu-Jitsu Schools Program began in 2008 under the patronage of H.H. Sheikh Zayed Bin Mohammed Al
Nahyan, who is a keen Brazilian jiu-jitsu competitor. The program launched in 14 schools for pupils in grades 6 and 7 and has since
expanded to 42 government schools, with 81 Brazilian coaches brought in as instructors.[97]
Students from 9 to 13 years old are taught Brazilian jiu-jitsu as part of the curriculum. The plan is for up to 500 schools to be
participating in the school-jitsu program by 2015. The project was set up by special request of HH Sheikh Mohammad bin Zayed Al
Nahyan to the head coach of the Emirates jiu-jitsu team Carlos Santos, now also the managing director of the School-Jitsu
Project.[98]
Every year in the season of admissions an exhibition is launched in Abu Dhabi Exhibition Center under the supervision of the
government.[99] Universities from every corner of the world exhibit their career programs and scholarship programs for globally bright
students. This seems to be a well-defined platform for the students of all nationalities. Heriot-Watt University, University of Bolton,
Cambridge University, Oxford University, the Petroleum Institute, Khalifa University and Abu Dhabi University attend.

Sports

[ edit ]

Abu Dhabi has four football stadiums: Al Jazeera Stadium, Al Wahda stadium and Sheikh
Zayed Football Stadium (Zayed Sports City)and Hazza Stadium. ZSC also contains a tennis
court, an ice rink, and a bowling alley. The Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium is located on the
outskirts of the city and is currently home to the Pakistan Cricket Team. The stadium hosts at
least two series per year in the last 4 years. In 2014, the stadium also hosted one leg of the
Indian Premier League. It has also been considered as a venue for the B Pakistan Super
League too.
Football and cricket are very popular in the city. Many youth play football in parking lots

Sheikh Zayed Cricket Stadium

nearby corniche because of the pleasant environment and enough space. Cricket is also
popular because of South Asian expats. There have been many small competitions conducted between small time football and
cricket teams.
Another location known as the Dome has been created for mainly football events among others. The purpose behind the
development of the Dome@Rawdhat was to create a community football and sporting facility with indoor and outdoor pitches in the
heart of the city of Abu Dhabi for everyone to enjoy.

Abu Dhabi Grand Prix

[ edit ]

Main article: Abu Dhabi Grand Prix

Since 2009, Abu Dhabi has hosted a Formula One race every year in November at the Yas
Marina Circuit. Motorsport is popular throughout the country and the circuit has also hosted
other events such as the V8 Supercars series of Dubai.
Yas Marina Circuit

In the media

[ edit ]

In the comic strip Garfield, the title character repeatedly tries to get rid of the annoying kitten Nermal by mailing him to Abu Dhabi.
The 2007 movie, The Kingdom, was filmed here, although the movie was about Saudi Arabia. Furious 7 (2015), had some scenes
taken and/or based in Abu Dhabi. In Sex and the City 2 (2010), most of the plot takes place in Abu Dhabi, although the movie is not
filmed there.[100]

International relations

[ edit ]

Main article: List of twin towns and cities in United Arab Emirates

Twin towns and cities

[ edit ]

Abu Dhabi is twinned with:

Bethlehem, Palestine[101]
Madrid, Spain (2007)

Minsk, Belarus (since 2007)[105]

[102]

Houston, Texas, United States (2002)

Nicosia, Cyprus (since 2004)

[103]

Iquique, Chile

Brisbane, Australia (since 2009)[104]

Jakarta, Indonesia

Islamabad, Pakistan

Kish Island, Iran

Roskilde, Denmark (since 2011)

See also

[ edit ]

Abu Dhabi International Airport

Abu Dhabi portal

Abu Dhabi Fund for Development

Asia portal

Abu Dhabi Investment Council

Abu Dhabi Vegetable Market

Middle East portal

Abu Dhabi Mall

United Arab Emirates

portal

Aldar headquarters building

Department of Municipal Affairs (Abu Dhabi)
Dubai-Abu Dhabi Highway
Marawah
National Center for Documentation and Research
The Galleria Shopping Mall in Abu Dhabi

| Al Marya Island

Postage stamps and postal history of Abu Dhabi

Monte Carlo Beach Club Saadiyat

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. Business24-7.ae. Retrieved

WaybackMachine.com]"

(in Russian). The department of

protocol and international relations of Minsk City Executive

Committee. Archived from the original

2012-02-23.
52. ^ Mention of City Grid Patterns

on 2013-05-02.

Retrieved 2013-07-21.

53. ^ "Google Map of Abu Dhabi" . Google Maps.

54. ^ The Corniche
55. ^ Abu Dhabi UPC

External links

[ edit ]

Municipality of Abu Dhabi City

Abu Dhabi information portal , abudhabi.ae
Department of Municipal Affairs Portal , abudhabi.ae
Abu Dhabi

at DMOZ

Find more about

Abu Dhabi
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Cost of living Abu Dhabi

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WorldCat Identities

Categories: Abu Dhabi

VIAF: 239092550

Capitals in Asia

LCCN: n81147502

GND: 4250193-3

[show]
NDL: 00560046

Metropolitan areas of the United Arab Emirates

Populated coastal places in the United Arab Emirates

Populated places in Abu Dhabi (emirate)

Port cities in the Arabian Peninsula

This page was last modified on 5 June 2016, at 23:49.

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