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9.1
lb/ft2
Point
A
B
C
D
u
0
0
(62.4)(12) = 748.8
748.8 + (62.4)(6) = 1123.2
0
(7)(110) = 770
770 + (12)(121) = 2222
2222 + (6)(118) = 2930
0
770
1473.2
1806.8
9.2
d (layer 1) =
G s w ( 2 .69 )( 9 .81)
=
= 15.52 kN/m 3
1+ e
1 + 0 .7
sat(layer 2) =
sat(layer 3)
Point
A
B
C
D
w (G s + e )
1+ e
1 .2
+ 1 .2
( 9.81)
w (Gs + e )
0
.
38
= 19.43 kN/m 3
=
=
1+ e
1 + 1 .2
kN/m2
0
(5)(15.52) = 77.6
77.6 + (8)(20.57) = 242.16
242.16 + (3)(19.43) = 300.45
u
0
0
(9.81)(8) = 78.48
78.48 + (9.81)(3) = 107.9
0
77.6
163.68
192.54
57
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9.3
Point
A
B
C
D
kN/m2
u
0
0
(9.81)(6) = 58.86
58.86 + (9.81)(2.5) = 83.38
0
(3)(16) = 48
48 + (6)(18) = 156
156 + (2.5)(17) = 198.5
0
48
97.14
115.12
9.4
d (layer 2) =
G s w ( 2.7)( 9.81)
=
= 17.08 kN/m 3
1+ e
1 + 0.55
58
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sat(layer1) =
w (Gs + e)
1+ e
(9.81)(2.69 + 0.7)
= 19.56 kN/m 3
1 + 0.7
9.5
G s w (2.66)(9.81)
=
= 16.2 kN/m 3
1+ e
1 + 0.61
a. d (sand) =
sat(sand) =
kN/m2
Point
A
B
C
0
(16.2)(4) = 64.8
64.8 + (20.88)(5) = 169.2
u
0
0
(9.81)(5) = 49.05
0
64.8
120.15
b. Let the height of rise be h. Portions of the top sand layer will be saturated.
59
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sat(top sand) =
9.6
icr =
h = 1.5 m
Gs 1 2.68 1 1.68
=
=
=
w 1+ e
1+ e
1+ e
icr
1.21
1.13
1.05
0.99
0.93
e
0.38
0.48
0.6
0.7
0.8
The plot is shown below.
1
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0.9
1.1
1.2
1.3
icr
60
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9.7
sat(clay) =
(1 + w)G s w (1 + 0.29)(2.68)(9.81)
= 19.08 kN/m 3
=
1 + wG s
1 + (0.29)(2.68)
9.8
sat(clay) =
(1925)(9.81)
= 18.88 kN/m 3
1000
9.9
A
uA
80.24
= 1.36
58.86
A = (10 H)(18.88)
uA = (6)(9.81) = 58.86 kN/m2
For heaving to occur, = 0; or A uA = 0
(10 H)(18.88) 58.86 = 0; H = 6.88 m
9.10
Let the height of water inside the cut be h (see figure on following page)
61
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Factor of safety:
A
uA
58.9 + 9.81h
= 1.5
58.86
h = 3.0 m
9.11
a. i =
h
1.5
=
= 0.6
H 2 2.5
b. icr =
Gs 1 2.66 1
=
=
= 1.11
1 + e 1 + 0.49
c. i = icr =
h
;
H2
1.11 =
h
2.5
h = 2.77 m
9.12
a. i =
h
1.5
=
= 0.33
H 2 4.5
62
2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.
b. Refer to Figure 9.4 (a). Since C is located at the middle of the soil layer,
z = H2 /2 = 4.5/2 = 2.25 ft
Eq. (9.7): c = z iz w = (2.25)(119-62.4) (0.33)(2.25)(62.4) = 81 lb/ft2
9.13
d (sand) =
Gs w (2.69)(62.4)
=
= 114.18 lb/ft 3
1+ e
1 + 0.47
w (Gs + Se)
w (Gs + e)
1+ e
1+ e
=
(62.4)[2.73 + (0.4)(0.68)]
= 111.5 lb/ft 3
1 + 0.68
(62.4)(2.7 + 0.89)
= 118.52 lb/ft 3
1 + 0.89
lb/ft2
Depth (ft)
u
0
0
0
0
10
(114.18)(10) = 1141.8
(0.4)(62.4)(8) = 199.68
10+8=18
1141.8+ (111.5)(8) = 2033.8
0
10+8+16=34 2033.8 + (118.52)(16) = 3930.12 (16)(62.4) = 998.4
0
1141.8
1341.48
2033.8
2931.72
63
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9.14
d (sand) =
(2.69)(9.81)
= 17.95 kN/m 3
1 + 0.47
(9.81)[2.73 + (0.6)(0.68)]
= 18.32 kN/m 3
1 + 0.68
(9.81)(2.7 + 0.89)
= 18.63 kN/m 3
1 + 0.89
kN/m2
Depth (m)
u
0
0
0
0
4
(17.95)(4) = 71.8
(0.6)(9.81)(2.5) = 14.71
4+2.5=6.5
71.8 + (18.32)(2.5) = 117.6
0
4+2.5+4.5=11 117.6 + (18.63)(4.5) = 201.43 (4.5)(9.81) = 44.14
0
71.8
86.51
117.6
157.29
9.15
D
Co w ( H 1 H 2 )
(4.5)(7.19)
= 2.33
(0.354)(9.81)(4)
64
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9.C.1 a. The flow nets for both cases are given below:
Case 1
Case 2
65
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b. Determination of
q
:
k
Nf
Nd
q
4
= (2.5) = 0.909 m
k
11
Case 2: Nf = 3.5, Nd = 13, H = 2.5 m
q
3.5
= (2.5)
= 0.673 m
k
13
icr
iexit
c. FS =
icr =
Gs 1 2.66 1
=
= 1.071
1+ e
1.55
iexit =
FS =
H
2.5
=
= 0.643
Nd l (11)(0.353)
1.071
1.67
0.643
iexit =
H
2.5
=
= 0.545
Nd l (13)(0.353)
FS =
1.071
1.97
0.545
66
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H (2.5 11)
=
= 0.143
l
1.59
H (2.5 13)
=
= 0.136
l
1.41
67
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68
2014 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. May not be scanned, copied or duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in whole or in part.