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13.1 13.4
13.5 13.8
Problem
13.5
13.6
13.7
13.8
Note:
(deg)
35
33
29
40
Ko
0.634
0.627
0.515
0.463
Po = 12 K o H 2
z = H /3
143.44 kN/m
8,607.1 lb/ft
176.13 kN/m
8,625.7 lb/ft
1.67 m
5.67 ft
2m
6 ft
K a = tan 2 (45 2 )
(deg)
Ka
a ( z = H ) = K a H
Pa = 12 K a H 2
z = H /3
(0.307)(110)(14) ()(0.307)(110)(14)2
4.66 ft
= 472.7 lb/ft2
= 3309.4 lb/ft
(0.361)(99)(22)
()(0.361)(99)(22)2
28
0.361
7.33 ft
2
= 786.2 lb/ft
= 8648.8 lb/ft
(0.248)(17.6)(5)
()(0.248)(17.6)(5)2
37
0.248
1.67 m
2
= 21.8 kN/m
= 54.56 kN/m
(0.207)(19.5)(9)
()(0.207)(19.5)(9)2
41
0.207
3m
= 36.32 kN/m2
= 163.47 kN/m
1. Pressure distribution is similar to that shown in Figure 13.11a., i.e.,
a = 0 at z = 0 and a = K a H at z = H
2. z = distance measured from the bottom of the wall
32
0.307
(deg)
Kp
p ( z = H ) = K p H
Pp = 12 K p H 2
()(3.254)( 117)(11)2
= 23,033 lb/ft
()(4.203)(101)(16)2
38
4.203
= 54,336 lb/ft
()(3)(16.6)(7)2
30
3.0
= 1220.1 kN/m
()(2.662)(20.5)(12)2
27
2.662
= 3929.1 kN/m
1. p( z=0) = 0; triangular pressure distribution
32
3.254
(3.254)(117)(11)
= 4187.9 lb/ft2
(4.203)(101)(16)
= 6792 lb/ft2
(3)(16.6)(7)
= 348.6 kN/m2
(2.662)(20.5)(12)
= 654.8 kN/m2
z = H /3
3.67 ft
5.33 ft
2.33 m
4m
28
z = 0 ft:
a = a Ka = 0; u = 0
z = 7 ft:
z = 14 ft:
Area No.
Area
1
910.98
()(7)(260.28) = 910.98 =
2
(260.28)(7) = 1,821.96
3
571.27
()(7)(423.5 260.28) =
4
1,528.8
()(7)(436.8) =
4,833 lb/ft
Resultant: Taking the moment about the bottom of the wall,
7
7
7
7
(910.98) 7 + 3 + (1821.96) 2 + (571.27) 3 + (1528.8) 3
z=
4833
= 4.09 ft
110
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32
2
z = 0 ft: a = q Ka = (250)(0.307) = 76.75 lb/ft ; u = 0
2
z = 10 ft: a = [250 + (10)(115)](0.307) = 429.8 lb/ft ; u = 0
2
z = 24 ft: a = [250 + (10)(115) + (122 62.4)(14)](0.307) = 685.96 lb/ft
Area No.
Area
1
(76.75)(24) = 1,842
2
()(10)(429.8 76.75) = 1,765.25
3
(14)(429.8 76.75) = 4,942.7
4
()(14)(685.96 429.8) = 1,793.12
5
()(14)(873.6) = 6,115.20
Pa = 16,458 lb/ft
Location of resultant: Taking the moment about the bottom of the wall,
(
) 4 +(
) 14 + 10 + (4942.7) 14
1842 2 1765.25
3
2
+ (1,793.12) 14 + (6,115.2) 14
3
3
= 7.55 ft
z=
16458
111
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13.15
30
34
z = 0 m:
z = 4 m:
z = 9 m:
Area No.
Area
1
(6.99)(9) = 62.91
2
()(4)(28.99 6.99) = 44
3
(5)(24.53 6.99) = 87.7
4
()(5)(33.26 24.53) = 21.82
5
()(5)(49.05) = 122.62
Pa = 339.05 kN/m
Location of resultant: Taking the moment about the bottom of the wall,
z=
(62.91) 2 + ( 44) 5 +
4
5
5
5
+ (87.7) + ( 21.82) + (122.62)
3
2
3
3
339.05
= 3.01 m
112
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28
z = 0 ft:
p = 0 ; u = 0
z = 7 ft:
z = 14 ft:
7
7
7
(6990.09) 7 + 3 + (13980.19) 2 + (4383.8) 3 + (1528.8) 3
= 4.76 ft
z=
26883
113
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b. Equation (13.24):
Pa =
1
1
K a H 2 = (0.27)(19)( 4) 2 = 41.04 kN/m
2
2
1
1
H 2 K p = (19)( 4) 2 (3.598) = 546.89 kN/m
2
2
K a = tan 2 45 = 1; a = z 2cu
2
a = 2cu = (2)(17)
= 34 kN/m 2
At the bottom (z = 5 m):
a = (21)(5) (2)(17)
= 71 kN/m 2
The pressure diagram is shown.
114
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b. Eq. (13.41): z o =
c. Eq. (13.43): Pa =
2c u
( 2)(17 )
= 1.62 m
21
1
1
H 2 2cu H = ( 21)(5) 2 ( 2)(17)(5) = 92.5 kN/m
2
2
d. Eq. (13.45):
2c 2
1 2
H 2cu H + u
2
1
(2)(17) 2
= (21)(5) 2 (2)(17)(5) +
= 120 kN/m
2
21
Pa =
H zo 5 1.62
=
= 1.126 m 1.13 m
3
3
13.20 a. a = o K a 2c K a
o = z + q; Ka = 1.
At z = 0 ft:
o = 11 kN/m2
a = 11 (2)(17) = 23 kN/m 2
At z = 5 m:
2c u q
34 11
= 1.09 m
21
115
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d.
Pa =
1
1
(3.91)(82) ( 23)(1.09) = 147.8 kN/m
2
2
Pa =
1
(3.91)(82) = 160.3 kN/m
2
28
Pa =
3.91
= 1.3 m
3
1
2c 2
K a H 2 2 K a cH +
1
( 2)(750) 2
2
= (0.361)(122)(33) ( 2)(0.6)(750)(33) +
= 3502.18 lb/ft
2
122
13.22 Use Eqs. (13.53) and (13.54). = 0; = 12; = 34; = 119 lb/ft3; H = 32 ft
1
K a H 2
2
[Eq. (13.53)]
21,392 lb/ft
21,381 lb/ft
Pa =
Part
Ka
1
2
(deg)
14
21
[Eq. (13.54)]
0.3511
0.3509
13.23 a. = 38; = 90 = 90 5 20 = 65
Weight of wedge ABC =
1
(11.6)(7.1)(128) = 5271 lb/ft = 5.271 kip/ft
116
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Wedge
ABC
ABE
ABF
ABG
ABH
1
( 20)( 4)(128) = 5120 lb/ft = 5.12 kip/ft
2
Weight (kip/ft)
5.271
5.271 + 5.12 = 10.391
10.391 + 5.12 = 15.511
15.511 + 5.12 = 20.631
20.631 + 5.12 = 25.751
b. =
(1680)(9.81)
= 16.48 kN/m 3 ; = 30; = 90 10 30 = 50
1000
1
(5.25)( 2.5)(16.48) = 108.15 kN/m
2
117
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1
(1)(6.5)(16.48) = 53.56 kN/m
2
Weight (kip/ft)
108.15
108.15 + 53.56 = 161.71
161.71 + 53.56 = 215.27
215.27 + 53.56 = 268.83
268.83 + 53.56 = 322.39
kh
1 kv
= tan 1
0.1
= tan 1
= 5.71
1 0
* = 9 + 5.71 = 14.71
118
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* = 12 + 5.71 = 17.71
Pa ( * , * ) =
1
H 2Ka
2
2
=
3
From Table 13.5, for * = 14.71 and * = 17.71, the value of Ka 0.582.
From Eq. (13.70):
cos 2 ( + )
Pae = Pa ( , )(1 k v )
2
cos cos
*
cos 2 (9 + 5.71)
1
= (0.582)(19)(6) 2 (1 0)
= 190.41 kN/m
2
2
= 10
= 0
= 10
= 20
The graph of
(kN/m3)
Ka(R)
Ka( R)
16.5
17.7
19.5
16.5
17.7
19.5
16.5
17.7
19.5
28
32
36
28
32
36
28
32
36
0.402
0.354
0.314
0.471
0.414
0.365
0.612
0.518
0.447
6.633
6.265
6.123
7.771
7.327
7.117
10.09
9.168
8.716
Pa
versus backfill inclination angle, , is shown on the
0.5H 2
next page.
119
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The above chart shows that for any backfill inclination and any wall height
H, the active force Pa per unit length of the wall decreases as the soil friction
angle (or the compacted unit weight) increases. For a desired level of Pa (at a
given ), a compaction unit weight could be estimated from the chart for field
specification.
120
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